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THE  'ii^'f'fl- 

GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZIXE. 

Br  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Geht. 

VOLUME    XLI. 

NEW  SERIES. 

MDCCCLIV. 

JANUARY  TO  JUNE  inclusive. 


LONDON: 
JOHN  BOWYER  NICHOLS  AND  SONS. 


LONDON: 

J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  SONS,  PRINTERS, 

25,  PARUAUENT  STREET. 


PREFACE. 


When  we  last  made  our  usual  periodical  address  to  our  readers, 
thanking  them  for  their  past  support,  and  soliciting  from  them  a 
continuation  of  their  patronage,  the  world  was  still  at  peace,  and, 
though  the  storm  was  gathering,  the  thunder-cloud  had  not  yet 
burst. 

It  is  not  for  the  first  time  that  we  salute  our  friends,  as  we  do 
now,  at  the  opening  of  a  very  eventful  period.  We  are  in  the 
second  century  of  our  existence,  and  during  that  period  our  pages 
have  made  faithful  record  of  thrones  created  and  destroyed,  of 
dynasties  that  have  been  bom  and  which  have  died  out,  and  of 
triumphs  by  which  even  the  conquerors  gained  nothing  but  at  the 
expense  of  wide-suffering  humanity.  To  sum  up  our  historical 
experience  since  the  far-distant  day  of  our  birth,  we  might  say  with 
pleasant  brevity  that,  during  the  long  period  which  that  experience 
embraces,  the  only  things  which  have  survived  imscathed  the  shock 
and  struggle  of  the  battle  of  life,  are  the  British  Constitution,  the 
London  Gazette,  and  the  Gentleman's  Magazine.  We  fancy  we 
hear  our  readers  exclaim,  "  May  they  flourish  together  for  ever !" 
We  cannot  but  heartily  respond  "  Amenr  to  so  gracious  a  wish. 

To  secure  the  realization  of  such  a  wish  there  needs  but  continued 
exertion  on  our  side;  that  the  public  is  sure  to  have.  There  is 
further  need  of  the  hearty  good- will  of  the  public,  and  that  we 
hope  to  have.  As  the  Circassian  chiefs  said  the  other  day  to  Sir 
E.  Lyons,  we  deserve  no  less  in  consideration  of  our  fidelity  and 
constancy. 

We  will  not  say  that  under  all  circumstances  the  public  has  found 
us  the  same ;  but  we  will  go  further,  and  aver  with  courageous 
modesty,  that,  under  all  circumstances,  we  have  improved.  We 
have  never  been  discouraged,  and  have  always  been  prepared  to 
perform    with     alacrity   our    duty   to    our    generous    subscribers. 


PREFACE. 


Bourdaloue,  when  he  desired  to  create  more  than  ordinary  sensation 
in  the  pulpit,  always  used  to  excite  himself  to  vigour  by  being 
energetically  played-to  on  the  violin,  while  he  violently  danced 
about  his  room,  and  bo  got  his  spirit  into  play  before  he  gravely 
BBceuded  to  the  pulpit.  We  are  atill  too  young  to  require  such 
factitious  stimulant ;  the  public  needs  only  to  visit  us  with  increasing 
favour  to  find  increase  of  useful  service  and  unwearied  zeal  at  the 
hands  of  their  true  and  faithful 

StLYANUS  UttBAN. 


THE 

GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 


ANB 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


JANUARY  1854. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— The  Tombs  of  Nelson  and  Wellinjfton— Iconoclaam  at  Lsrdiard 

Milicent— First  wife  of  the  Poet  Mallet— Pickering  of  Tlchraarsh 2 

The  Princess  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock 3 

On  Supposed  Apparitions  of  the  Virgin  Mary  ;  and  particularly  at  La  Salette  . .  10 

Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  Sherborne  (eonciuded) 17 

Manners  and  Morals  of  the  University  of  Cambridge  daring  the  last  Century. ...  23 

English  Sketches  by  Foreign  Artists — Max  Schlesinger's  Sannterings  in  and 

about  London. .  • 28 

Richard  Baxter's  Pulpit  at  Kidderminster  (with  a  Plate) 33 

Cambridge  Improyements,  1853 •.....•...       36 

The  Toxaris  of  Lucian 37 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  STLVANUS  URBAN.— English  Physicians  in  Russia— Knights  Ban- 
neret — Sir  Constantine  Phipps  and  Sir  William  Phipe— Diiuies  of  Dr.  Stukeley— Counsels' 
Fees y 44 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— New  Statutes  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries— Annirersary  of  the 
Ro]nal  Society— Unlrersity  Reform— International  Copyright— Sale  of  Copyrights  and 
Stereotjrpe  Plates— Mr.  H.  Stevens's  "  English  Library  "— Athenteum  at  Bury  and  Working- 
Man's  Library  at  Prescot,  co.  Lancaster— Dr.  Faussett's  Coins  and  Anglo-Saxon  Antiqui- 
ties—Roman Statue  found  at  Lillebonne— Memorial  Windows  at  Ipswich  and  Ashton- 
under-Lyne— Sepulchral  Brasses  by  tlie  Messrs.  Waller— Restoration  of  the  EfflgyofSir 
Marmaduke  Constable  in  Nuneaton  Church— Scientiflc  and  Literary  Intelligence  at  Home 
and  Abroad 50 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— BartleU's  Pilgrim  Fathers,  5G ;  RUey's 
Translation  of  the  Comedies  of  Terence  and  tlie  Fables  of  Phasdrus,  57  ;  Riley's  Transla- 
tion of  the  Fasti,  Tristia,  Pontic  Epistles,  Ibis,  and  Halieuticon  of  Ovid,  58  ;  Various  Theolo- 
gical Works,  60 ;  Sir  Philip  Sidney  and  other  Stars  of  the  Sixteenth  Century,  and  The  Child's 
bi-door-Companion,  by  S.  S.  S.— Booker's  Obsolete  Words  and  Phra.ses  in  the  Bible^ 
Griffith's  Translation  of  The  Birth  of  the  War-God— Mr.  Rutherford's  Children,  61 ; 
Louisa  von  Plettenhaus — ^Work— Saturday  and  Sunday — Charles  Koussel — ^The  Monthly 
Volume— The  Happy  Resolve,  &c 63 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  63 ;  Numismatic  Society,  65  ;  Archse- 
oTogtcal  Institute,  66 ;  British  Archaeological  Associatioh,  68  ;  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne— Yorkshire  Antiquarian  Club,  69 ;  Roman  Antiquities  of  Colchester         70 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  71 ;  Domestic  Occurrences 73 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  74 ;  Births  and  Marriages 75 

OBITUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  The  Queen  of  Portugal ;  The  Duke  of  Beaufori ;  The  Countess 
of  Newburgh  ;  Lord  Cloncurry ;  Hon.  Cecil  Lawless ;  Lord  Fullerton ;  Sir  T.  J.  Claver- 
ing,  Bari. ;  Sir  Charles  Witham,  Bart. ;  Rear-Adm.  Bell ;  Rear-Adm.  Pasco ;  Capt. 
Alex.  Ellice,  R.N. ;  Capt.  H.  E.  Napier,  R.N. ;  Capt.  W.  Gregory,  R. Eng. ;  Capt.  Norris, 
R.M. ;  Bickham  Escott,  Esq. ;  Thomas  Ponton,  Esq. ;  William  Gardiner,  Esq. ;  Mrs. 
Opie ;  Mr.  James  Trnbshaw,  C.E. ;  Mr.  Thomas  Weddle,  F.R^.S. ;  Mr.  Samuel  Williams , 
Mr.  Willes  Maddox  ;  Dr.  Bexfield  ;  M.  Depping ;  M.  Fontaine ;  Mr.  John  SaviUe  Faucit..79— 104 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order    104 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  111;   Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 112 


Bt   SYLVANUS  urban,   Gknt. 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mr.  Urban, — When  it  was  determined 
that  the  body  of  the  Dake  of  Wellington 
should  be  deposited  in  St.  Paurs  Cathedral, 
it  was  at  once  supposed  that  it  would  be 
laid  side  by  side  with  that  of  our  great 
Naval  Hei'o,  which  already  occupied  the 
central  spot  of  that  great  structure,  be- 
neath the  sarcophagus  originally  made  for 
Wolsey's  tombhouse  at  Windsor.  It  was 
found,  however,  on  the  eve  of  the  funeral, 
that  Nelson's  tomb  had  already  been  en- 
croached upon  in  the  year  1835,  when  the 
body  of  his  brother  William  Earl  Nelson 
was  placed  within  it.  This  circumstance, 
it  is  understood,  formed  the  difficulty 
which  has  prevented  the  completion  of  the 
Great  Duke's  interment. 

In  a  book  of  local  topography  recently 
published, — Mr.  Pulman's  "  Book  of  the 
Axe,''  I  find,  in  an  account  of  Cricket  St. 
Thomas,  in  Somersetshire,  the  parish 
church  of  Lord  Bridport,  a  statement  that 
"  there  is  a  very  interesting  and  beautifully 
executed  monument  of  white  marble,  [the 
sculptor's  name  is  not  given],  against  the 
north  wall  of  the  chancel,  to  the  memory 
of  the  Rev.  William  Earl  Nelson,  Duke 
of  Brontd,  and  father  of  the  present  Lady 
Bridport.  It  consists  of  a  full-length 
reclining  figure  of  the  Earl,  in  canonicals, 
contemplating  an  ascending  angel  above, 
and  holding,  in  one  hand,  an  open  book. 
The  countenance  is  remarkably  fine.  An 
inscription  sets  forth  that  the  Earl  was 
born  on  April  20, 1757,-and  died  February 
28,  1835,  and  that  bis  remains  are  depo- 
sited in  St.  Paul's  cathedral,  by  the  side 
of  those  of  his  brother,  the  celebrated 
Admiral."  On  reading  this,  the  question 
will  at  once  occur  to  every  one.  Why  should 
not  the  remains  of  this  worthy  member  of 
the  Church  Militant  be  translated  from 
their  present  unauthorised  position,  and 
placed  beneath  his  own  **  beautifully  ex- 
ecuted monument? " 

Yours,  &c.  N. 

[We  believe  this  matter  is  now  settled, 
the  coffin  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
having  been  recently  removed  from  where 
it  rested  above  the  sarcophagus  of  Nelson's 
tomb  to  a  spot  some  twenty  yards  more  to 
the  east,  where  our  great  Military  Hero  will 
now  have  a  tomb  of  his  own. — Edit.] 

Mb.  Urban, — In  your  November  num- 
ber you  gave  insertion  to  an  account  of 
some  strangely  barbarous  treatment  to 
which  one  or  two  mural  slabs  in  Folke- 
stone Church  have  been  subjected.  I  can 
now  furnish  your  pages  with  another  case 
of  similar  Vandalism.  But  there  is  this 
difference  ;  the  former  is  merely  an  exhi- 


bition of  execrable  taste,  the  latter  is  the 
deliberate  perpetration  of  extravagant  Pu- 
ritanism. Displeased  with  a  small  demi- 
figure  of  St.  Matthew,  in  a  south  window 
of  the  south  aisle  of  the  pretty  church  of 
Lydiard  Milicent,  in  Wiltshire,  the  zeal 
of  the  minister  has  excited  him  to  have 
the  head  taken  out  and  its  place  supplied 
by  a  circular  piece  of  yellow-coloured 
glass  !  This  half-way  sort  of  sensitiveness 
only  makes  the  enormity  the  more  flagrant. 
I  am  as  hotly  opposed  to  the  pranks  of 
Puseyism,  to  resuscitated  medieval  mum- 
meries, and  to  preaching  much  of  "  The 
Church"  and  but  little  of  •*  The  Gospel," 
as  the  lowest  of  Low- churchmen  can  be. 
Disgusted  too  witli  the  monotonous  howl- 
ing of  the  Litany,  &c.  in  our  cathedrals,  I 
have  very  frequently  been  tempted  to  ex- 
claim that,  were  it  not  for  the  architecture 
and  the  monuments,  I  should  wish  these 
nurseries  of  priestly  presumption  razed  to 
the  dust.  Nevertheless  something  is  due 
to  archaeology,  and  such  ultra-iconoclastic 
intemperance  as  that  of  the  minister  of 
Lydiard  Milicent  would,  if  honestly  car- 
ried out,  hail  the  burning  of  the  best  works 
of  Rafaelle  and  Guido,  break  up  the  Greek 
and  Egyptian  idols  in  the  Museum,  and 
smash  every  pane  of  ancient  stained  glass 
to  be  found  in  our  churches. 

I  am,  &c.         L. 

Mr.  Urban, — Some  clerical  reader  of 
your  Magazine,  resident  in  London  or  the 
suburbs,  could  I  think  assist  me  in  the 
following  matter.  The  poet  Mallet  mar- 
ried his  second  wife  in  October,  1742  :  for 
two  years  previously  he  lived  in  the  parish 
of  Chiswick  :  where  he  lived  before  1740 
I  know  not.  I  want  to  find  out  the  time 
and  place  of  the  death  of  his  first  wife, 
which  probably  was  not  many  years  prior 
to  1742.  Yours,  &c.         D. 

A.  A.  who  is  desirous  for  information 
respecting  the  family  of  Pickering,  of  Tich- 
marsh,  co.  Northampton,  has  of  course 
consulted  Bridges's  History  of  Northamp- 
tonshire. We  should  willingly  have  in- 
serted his  queVies  if  they  had  not  been 
mislaid. 

Errata,— SepL  p.  307,  for  "the  present" 
read  the  late  Lord  Monson  ;  and  the  Earl 
of  Aylesford  brotker-in-iaw  to  the  late 
Earl  of  Warwick. 

P.  630.  The  Earl  of  Kenmare  was  in 
his  64th,  not  in  his  66th  year. 

P.  642.  For  Ashford  Lodge,  read  Ash- 
fold  Lodge. 

P.  644.  Mr.  Baring  Wall  died  unmar- 
ried, and  his  large  estates  descend  to  a 
nephew. 


THE 


GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THE  LADY  ELIZABETH  A  PRISONER  AT  WOODSTOCK. 

State  Papers  relating  to  the  Castody  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth  at  Woodstock  in  1554, 
being  Letters  between  Queen  Mary  and  her  Privy  Council  and  Sir  Henry  Beding- 
field,  Knt.  of  Oxbnrgh,  Norfolk.  Communicated  by  the  Rev.  C.  R.  Manning, 
M.A.  to  the  Papers  of  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archieological  Society. 


WHILST  the  Lady  Elizabeth,  after- 
wards our  illustrious  rrotestant  Queen, 
was  the  subject  of  her  sister  Mary,  she 
was  not  exempt  from  a  share  of  those 
persecutions  which  visited  less  exalted 
profes5ors  of  the  Reformed  religion; 
and  Foxe,  the  historian  of  the  Martyrs, 
has  not  failed  to  commemorate  the  sum 
of  her  sufferings,  and  to  place  them  in 
the  most  piteous  and  lamentable  as- 
pect. It  has  now,  however,  been  well 
ascertained,  by  the  researches  of  suc- 
cessive historical  inquirers,  that  in  this 
story,  as  in  others,  Foxe*s  zeal  carried 
him  into  gross  exaggeration ;  and  rea- 
sonable exception  might  be  taken  to 
Elizabeth  being  classed  as  a  religious 
martyr  at  all,  for  whilst,  on  the  one 
band,  she  was  at  this  period  too  in- 
tensely alarmed  for  her  personal  safety 
to  be  particularly  contumacious  in  re- 
spect of  religious  observances,  so,  on 
ttie  other,  it  is  evident  that  her  treat- 
ment resulted  entirely  from  urgent 
political  causes,  iuvolvmg  the  security 
of  Queen  Mary*s  person  and  govern- 
ment, and  not  from  any  purely  religi- 
ous questions.  We  are  now  enabled, 
by  the  recent  publication  of  some 
authentic  documents  connected  with 
Elizabeth*s  imprisonment^  to  review 
the  narrative  which  Foxe  and  his  fol- 
lowers have  given  of  its  incidents,  and 
we  feel  sure  that  any  fresh  information 
on  so  interesting  a  portion  of  our  his- 
tory will  at  once  engage  the  attention 
of  our  readers. 

The  jealousy  with  which  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  was  regarded,  was  the  almost 


necessary  result  of  the  relative  position 
of  her  sister  and  herself.  Mary  was 
the  possessor  of  the  throne,  and  child- 
less ;  Elizabeth  was  the  next  heir  in 
expectancy.  This  circumstance  alone, 
at  a  time  when  all  parties  and  factions 
had  their  mainspring  in  personal  claims, 
was  quite  sufficient  to  excite  distrust, 
unless  the  sisters  had  been  perfectly 
united  in  sentiment  and  opinions,  ana 
devoted  to  the  accomplishment  of  the 
same  objects.  But  this  they  neither 
were  by  age  or  education,  nor  would 
the  world  allow  them  to  become  so. 
Mary  was  the  ostensible  head  of  a  reli- 
gious revolution :  Elizabeth  the  sole 
stay  of  the  smothered  but  widely-spread 
aspirations  of  those  who  had  embraced 
in  sincerity  the  pure  doctrines  of  the 
Gospel. 

All  the  children  of  Henry  the  Eighth, 
though  each  born  of  difierent  mothers, 
appear  to  have  been  brought  up  in 
kmdiy  intercourse  with  one  another ; 
and  even  to  have  reciprocated  with 
aflectlon  the  attentions  of  their  last 
step- mother.  Queen  Katharine  Parr. 
But  their  friendly  Intercourse  was  con- 
siderably checked  and  impaired  during 
the  reign  of  King  Edward  by  the  reli- 
gious, political,  and  personal  jealousies 
of  their  councillors  and  adherents. 

At  the  death  of  King  Edward,  the 
attempted  diversion  of  the  succession, 
commenced,  but  not  fully  accomplished, 
by  the  Dukes  of  Northumberland  and 
Suffolk,  placed  the  Interests  of  the  two 
sisters,  Mary  and  Elizabeth,  in  a  com- 
munity of  danger,  and  appeared  for  a 


ITie  Lady  EUzahcth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock,  [Jan. 


time  to  cement  their  friendsliip.  The 
lef;itimacy  of  both  was  disputed,  and — 
for  nine  days — overruled.  At  this  crisis 
the  princely  treatment  tliey  had  usually 
received  from  their  father  and  brother, 
and  the  consequent  estimation  in  which 
they  were  held  by  the  country,  must 
have  stood  them  in  good  stead.  Though 
certain  formal  disabilities  had  been 
heretofore  pronounced  upon  them,  in 
some  almost  forgotten  acts  of  parlia- 
ment, passed  during  the  wayward  fits 
of  their  father's  passions  or  policy,  yet 
King  Henry  had  reversed  ail  that  by 
his  last  will;  and  Englishmen,  having 
learned  to  regard  these  princesses  as 
true  scions  of  the  royal  house,  were 
not  to  be  persuaded  to  the  contrary. 
The  Protestant  united  with  the  Ro- 
manist in  upholding  what  they  alike 
deemed  the  indefeasible  claims  of  in- 
heritance, the  cause  of  justice  and  of 
right ;  and  in  frustrating  the  ambitious 
designs  of  Dudley,  who  was  previously 
both  feared  and  hated,  and  now  was 
regarded  as  committing  a  monstrous 
act  of  robbery  and  iniquity. 

No  sooner  was  it  safe  for  Mary  to 
approach  the  metropolis,  than  she  was 
ioined  by  her  sister  Elizabeth.  The 
latter,  indeed,  having  less  distance  to 
travel,  came  to  London  the  day  before 
the  Queen,  and  went  forth  with  a  great 
company  to  welcome  her.  She  joined 
in  the  festivities  of  the  court,  and  was 
present  at  the  coronation. 

In  religious  matters,  however,  she 
was  as  yet  firm.  In  a  despatch  written 
a  few  weeks  after  Mary's  accession 
(on  the  6th  Sept.)  the  French  ambas- 
sador reports  that  "  Elizabeth  will  not 
hear  mass,  nor  accompany  her  sister  to 
the  chapel,  whatever  remonstrance 
either  the  Queen  or  the  lords  of  her 

Eersuasion  have  been  able  to  make  to 
er  on  the  subject."     From  other  ac- 


counts we  learn  that  she  pamed  her 
sister's  entreaties,  by  asking  time  for 
reflection,  and  books  that  might  in- 
struct her  in  the  new  faith  she  was  re- 
quired to  adopt. 

It  has  been  imagined  by  many  writers 
that  the  estrangement  of  the  royal 
sisters  originated  from  their  mutual 
regard  of  the  young  Earl  of  Devon ; 
but,  though  much  has  been  surmised 
with  respect  to  that  personage,  there 
is  little,  if  any,  historical  evidence  of 
his  having  actually  engaged  the  affec- 
tions of  either  sister.  Edward  Courtenay 
was  the  only  child  of  Edward  Marquess 
of  Exeter  and  Gertrude  of  York,  one 
of  the  daughters  of  King  Edward  the 
Fourth.  After  having  spent  his  youth 
and  early  manhood  in  confinement,  he 
was  released  from  the  Tower  at  the 
accession  of  Mary,  was  by  a  new  crea- 
tion restored  to  his  ancestral  dignity  as 
an  Earl,  and  made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath 
at  the  coronation.  It  is  said  that  he 
came  to  court  accomplished  in  point  of 
education,  though  necessarily  inexpe- 
rienced in  the  ways  of  the  world.  He 
was  a  handsome  man  of  about  twenty- 
eight  years  of  age,  and  almost  the  only 
near  relative  of  the  Queen  and  her 
sister  that  was  not  of  their  own  sex.* 
It  was  unavoidable,  under  these  cir- 
cumstances, that  the  speculations  of 
some  politicians  should  be  directed 
towards  him ;  and  particularly  of  such 
as  esteemed  it  more  desirable  that  the 
blood  royal  should  be  matched  with 
native  than  with  foreign  consorts. 

We  have  not,  however,  the  least 
authentic  intimation  that  Mary  at  any 
time  herself  entertained  an  idea  of 
marrying  this  English  cousin.  The 
idea  uas  pleased  the  fancy  of  historical 
romancers  and  romantic  historians,  and 
they  have  adopted  it  too  readily .f  Be- 
fore Mary's  accession,  during  the  de- 


*  All  the  living  descendauts  of  King  Henry  the  Seventh  at  the  accession  of  Queen 
Mary  were,  with  one  exception,  and  he  a  boy,  females.  Tliey  were  :  1.  the  Queen; 
2.  the  Lady  Elizabeth ;  3.  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  ;  4.  Margaret  Countess  of  Lennox ; 
5.  Henry  Lord  Daroley  ;  6.  Frances  Duchess  of  Suffolk;  7.  the  Lady  Jane  Dudley  ; 
8.  the  Lady  Katharine  Grey  ;  9.  Lady  Mary  Grey  ;  10.  Lady  Margaret  Clifford,  llie 
Lady  Elizabeth  was  the  last  survivor  of  them  all.  See  a  table,  with  dates  and  other 
particulars,  in  the  Chronicle  of  Queen  Jane  and  Queen  Mary,  p.  84. 

t  Mr.  Tytler  says  (Edward  the  Sixth  and  Mary,  ii.  257),  *'  I  have  met  with  no  direct 
proof  that  Mary  herself  ever  seriously  thought  of  Courtenay  ;''  and  (p.  259)  that  she 
"  sacrificed  the  wishes  of  her  people  to  her  ambition,  being  determined  to  have  the 

Prince  of  Spain As  for  the  idle  and  romantic  tales  of  Vertot  regarding 

Courtenay's  love  for  Elizabeth  and  Mary's  jealousy  and  revenge,  they  have  been  suc- 
cessfully refuted  by  Griffet  (translated  under  the  title  of  New  Lights  thrown  upon  the 
History  of  Mary).    It  is  to  be  regretted  that  they  should  remain  embalmed  in  the 


1854.]        Tke  Lady  Elizoheth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock, 


dining  health  of  her  brother  Edward, 
the  emperor  had  already  resolved  upon 
her  marriage  with  his  son  Fhih'p ;  *  and 
Alary  from  the  first  appears  to  have 
viewed  this  alliance  with  favour,  hav- 
ing, it  is  said,  fully  appreciated  the 
personal  charms  of  her  Spanish  cousin, 
as  delineated  by  the  pencil  of  Titian. 
Besides,  no  other  suitor  in  Europe 
could  then  compare  with  Philip  m 
point  of  rank  or  worldly  ^andeur. 

The  supposition  that  mtentions  of 
matrimony  were,  on  their  own  part, 
entertained  by  Elizabeth  and  Cour- 
tenay,  is  equally  destitute  of  proof. 
It  is  true  that  in  point  of  years  he  was 
not  only  better  suited  to  her  than  to 
Mary,  but  that  in  that  respect,  as  in 
birth,  he  was  not  ineligible;  and  it 
18  also  true  that  Elizabeth  repeatedly 
objected  to  marriages  proposed  for  her 
with  continental  princes,  as  if  she  was 
unwilling  to  leave  her  native  country, 
and  cherished  an  abiding  presentiment 
of  her  future  destiny.  It  would  seem 
that,  if  she  had  desired  a  husband  at 
all,  he  would  have  been  an  English- 
man. But  whilst  others  were  ready, 
from  political  motives,  to  designate  the 
Earl  of  Devon  for  her  consort,  no  con- 
temporary statement  has  hitherto  oc- 
curred of  her  having  regarded  her 
kinsman  with  personal  favour. 

The  Earl  of  Devon  was  arrested 
among  those  supposed  to  be  implicated 
in  Wyat*s  insurrection,  and  again  com- 
mitted to  the  Tower  on  the  12th  Feb. 
1554,  the  very  day  that  the  Lady  Jane 
was  beheaded. 

The  Lady  Elizabeth,  who  was  then 
at  her  manor  of  Ashridge  in  Hertford- 
shire, had  already  been  summoned  to 
Court  by  a  letter  under  the  signet 
dated  the  29th  January.  She  had  ex- 
cused herself  on  the  plea  of  illness; 
but,  on  the  alarm  of  Wyat*s  attack  on 
the  metropolis,  the  Lord  Admiral,  Sir 
Edward  Hastings  and  Sir  Thomas 
Comwaleys  were  sent  to  bring  her  to 


town.  They  arrived  at  Ashridge  on 
Sunday  the  11th  February,  and  the 
princess  was  removed  on  the  follow- 
ing morning.  She  was  still  permitted, 
on  account  of  the  state  of  her  health, 
to  travel  by  very  short  stages,  and  ap- 
parently to  linger  for  several  days  at 
Highgate,  during  which  time  the  streets 
of  London  were  a  perfect  slaughter- 
house from  the  vengeance  taken  upon 
the  Londoners  who  had  revolted  to  the 
standard  of  Wyat. 

Her  entrance  into  London  on  the 
2dd  Feb.  is  thus  described  in  a  despatch 
of  the  Spanish  ambassador,  Renaud: 

The  Lady  Elizabeth  arrived  here  yester- 
day, dressed  all  in  white,  with  a  great 
company  of  the  Queen's  servants  and  her 
own.  She  caused  the  litter  in  which  she 
rode  to  be  uncovered,  that  she  might  show 
herself  to  the  people.  Her  countenance 
was  pale,  her  demeanour  proud,  lofty,  and 
disdainful,  by  which  she  endeavoured  to 
conceal  her  vexation.  The  Queen  would 
not  see  her  ;  and  caused  her  to  be  lodged 
in  a  quarter  of  her  palace  from  which  she 
cannot  go  forth,  nor  her  servants,  without 
passing  through  the  guard ;  and  she  has 
left  to  her  only  two  gentlemen,  six  women, 
and  four  servants,  the  rest  of  her  train 
being  lodged  in  the  city  of  London. 

The  Queen  is  advised  to  commit  her  to 
the  Tower,  since  she  is  accused  by  Wyat, 
named  in  the  letters  of  the  French  ambas- 
sador, and  suspected  by  the  privy  coun- 
cillors; and  as  it  is  certain  that  the  enter- 
prise was  undertaken  in  her  favour.  And 
assuredly.  Sire,  if,  now  that  the  oppor- 
tunity offers,  the  Queen  do  not  punish 
her  and  Courtenay,  [such  "  punishment  " 
is  evidently  meant  as  had  so  lately  been 
awarded  to  the  unhappy  Lady  Jane  and 
her  husband  Lord  Guilford  Dudley,]  she 
will  never  be  secure ;  for  I  fear  tlmt,  if 
the  Lady  Elizabeth  be  left  in  the  Tower, 
when  the  Queen  departs  for  the  parlia- 
ment [which  was  to  be  held  at  Oxford,] 
some  treasonable  means  will  be  found  to 
release  her  or  Courtenay,  or  both  of  them, 
so  that  this  error  will  be  worse  than  the 
former.t 


History  of  Hume,  who  was  probably  misled  by  Vertot;  but  it  is  btill  more  extraordinary 
that  the  French  author  should  have  contradicted  the  letters  of  Noailles,  which  he 
himself  published." 

*  Tytler,  ii.  245.  It  is  mentioned  in  the  same  place  that  the  Emperor  suspected 
Cardinal  Pole  of  desiring  to  promote  a  union  between  Courtenay  and  Mary ;  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  there  were  any  grounds  beyond  suspicion  that  even  Pole  enter- 
tained such  a  design.  There  were  rumours  that  Pole  himself,  though  a  cardinal-deacon 
and  fifty-three  years  of  age,  might  aspire  to  the  Queen's  hand.  Probably  the  Queen 
entertained  one  project  just  as  little  as  the  other. 

f  "  Que  seroit  erreur  pire  que  le  premier;"  the  former  error,  it  may  be  understood, 
of  having  to  long  spared  the  lives  of  the  Lady  Jane  and  her  consort.    The  original 


The  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Pt^oner  at  Woodstock*         [Jan. 


The  charges  made  against  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  at  this  earhr  stage  of  her 
persecution  were  all  tnat  ever  could 
be  substantiated:  viz.  1.  that  she  was 
suspected  by  the  Council;  2.  that 
Wyatt  had  confessed  his  endeavours 
to  communicate  with  her ;  3.  that  her 
name  had  occurred  in  the  despatches 
of  the  French  ambassador,  which  the 
government  had  contrived  to  intercept; 
and  4.  that  Sir  Peter  Carew  and  others 
had  proposed  to  place  her  on  the  throne 
in  the  event  of  the  deposition  of  her 
sister.  But  of  Elizabetas  own  consent 
or  complicity  in  these  designs  no  proof 
could  ever  be  discovered,  notwithstand- 
ing every  effort  was  made  to  elicit 
evidence  to  that  effect. 

The  mischief  had  been  principally 
engendered  by  the  ceaseless  machina- 
tions of  De  ^oailles,  the  French  am- 
bassador. His  countryman  the  Sieur 
d'Oyssell  also,  when  he  passed  through 
England  into  Scotland  with  the  French 
ambassador  to  that  country,  had  en- 
deavoured to  incite  Sir  James  Croft 
"  to  prevent  the  marriage  of  the  Queen 
to  the  heir  of  Spain,  to  raise  Elizabeth 
to  the  throne,  marry  her  to  Courtenay, 
and  put  Mary  to  death."  *  This  was 
the  substance  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyat's 
first  confession.  Sir  James  Croft  nim- 
self  admitted  that  he  had  recommended 
Elizabeth  to  remove  from  her  manor 
of  Ashridge  to  the  castle  of  Donning- 
ton,  which  would  admit  of  military 
defence.  Wyat  further  acknowledged 
that  he  had  written  more  than  one 
letter  to  the  Lady  Elizabeth ;  and  it 
was  discovered  that  he  had  employed 
Lord  Kussell,  son  of  the  Lord  Privy 
Seal,  as  his  messenger.  Wyat  also 
charged  Courtenay,  to  his  face,  with 
having  first  suggested  the  rebellion. 
Subsequently,  before  his  execution, 
Wyat  withdrew  all  the  reflections  he 
had  made  on  Elizabeth,  which  he  was 
then  supposed  to  have  uttered  in  order 
to  protract  his  own  chances  of  escape. 
The  Duke  of  Suffolk,  also,  is  said  to 
have  criminated  Elizabeth,  probably 
with  the  view  of  shielding  his  own 
daughter,  the  Lady  Jane  Dudley.    Sir 


Peter  Carew,  who  headed  an  insurrec- 
tion in  the  West  concurrent  with  that 
of  Wyat  in  Kent,  was  also  found  to 
have  corresponded  with  Courtenay, 
and  to  have  advocated  his  marriage 
with  the  Lady  Elizabeth,  f  Such  were 
the  inculpations  which  Elizabeth  in- 
curred by  the  indiscretions  of  her  pro- 
fessed friends. 

The  imputation  of  her  having  com- 
municated with  France  was  varied  in 
its  terms.  She  was  sometimes  charged 
with  having  carried  on  such  communi- 
cation in  cypher,  and  sometimes  it 
amounted  to  the  assertion  that  she  had 
herself  written  a  letter  to  the  French 
king;  this  she  very  emphatically  de- 
nied in  the  letter  which  she  wrote  to 
her  sister  on  her  committal  to  the 
Tower,  when  she  declared  that,  **  As 
for  the  traitor  Wyat,  he  might  perad- 
venture  write  me  a  letter,  but  on  my 
faith  I  never  received  any  from  him. 
And  as  for  the  copy  of  the  letter  sent 
to  the  French  king,  I  pray  God  con- 
found me  eternally  if  ever  I  sent  him 
word,  message,  token,  or  letter,  by 
any  means;  and  to  this  truth  I  will 
stand  to  my  death."  From  a  docu- 
ment now  first  published  I  the  actual 
charge  appears  to  be  reduced  to 
the  circumstance  that  copies  of  her 
secret  letters  to  the  Queen  had  been 
found  in  the  intercepted  despatches — 
a  circumstance  which  does  not  imply 
that  the  treachery  of  communicating 
them  was  necessarily  her  own.  From 
first  to  last,  all  the  documents  that  have 
now  been  discovered  only  reach  to  the 
same  amount  of  crimination  which  is 
said  to  have  been  expressed  by  Eliza- 
beth herself  in  a  couplet  written  on  a 
pane  of  glass  at  Woodstock  : 

Much  suspected  of  me, 
Nothing  proved  can  be, 

Quoth  Elizabeth,  prisoner. 

The  Lady  Elizabeth  remained  at 
Whitehall  for  three  weeks ;  but,  when 
the  time  for  the  Queen's  removal  to 
open  the  parliament  at  Oxford  arrived, 
and  none  of  the  councillors  would  un* 
dertake  the  charge  of  the  royal  pri- 


letter  of  this  murderous  diplomatist  will  be  found  in  Tytler^s  England  under  Edward 
VI.  and  Mary,  vol.  ii.  p.  310. 

•  TyUer,  ii,  306. 

t  This  was  the  Queen's  own  account  to  Renaad,a8  reported  by  him  ta  the  Emperor 
on  the  8th  Bilarch.    Tytler,  ii.  320. 

X  Letter  under  the  Queen's  fignet  dated  S5  June,  1554. 


1854.]        Hie  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock, 


soner,**  it  was  determined  that  she 
should  be  committed  to  the  safe  custody 
of  the  Tower.  On  being  informed  of 
this  resolution,  the  princess  was  over- 
whelmed with  dismay,  but  made  so 
vigorous  an  effort  to  procure  a  reprieve 
that  the  tide  was  lost,  and  the  con- 
sequent power  of  shooting  London 
bridge,  whilst  she  was  writing  a  letter 
to  her  sister.  She  was  not  to  be  taken 
through  the  streets,  for  the  Council 
evidently  feared  her  popularity  with 
the  London  citizens.  She  was  finally 
conveyed  down  the  river,  during  divine 
service  on  the  next  day,  which  was 
Palm  Sunday. 

The  passionate  grief  with  which  Eli- 
zabeth passed  through  the  Traitors* 
gate  at  tne  Tower  is  well  known  from 
the  narrative  of  Foxe:  and  it  may 
readily  be  conceived  that  her  beha- 
viour did  not  over-act  her  genuine 
feelings,  when  she  must  have  remem- 
bered that  those  very  walls  had  wit- 
nessed the  melancholy  fate  of  her 
mother,  and,  appealing  still  more 
forcibly  to  her  own  apprehensions,  that 
not  a  month  before  they  had  heard  the 
last  sighs  of  her  amiable  cousin  the 
Lady  Jane.  It  is  not,  however,  our 
present  purpose  to  pursue  the  story  of 
the  Lady  Elizabeth^s  imprisonment  in 
the  Tower:  though  we  believe  the 
statement  which  formed  the  foundation 
of  Foxe*8  elaborate  story  is  preserved 
among  his  papers  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  might  be  employed  to  detect 
the  extent  of  his  embellishments.f  We 
pass  on  to  the  time  when  she  was  re- 
moved from  the  Tower,  having  been 
committed  to  the  charge  of  Sir  Henry 
Bedingfield,  whose  letter-book  will  af- 
ford us  the  new  information  to  which 
we  have  already  alluded. 

Sir  Henry  Bedingfield,  of  Ox  burgh 
in  Norfolk,  was  a  man  of  about  forty- 
five  years  of  age  at  the  period  in 
question.  He  had  been  one  of  those 
who  assembled  at  Framlingham  Castle, 
to  assert  Mary*s  title  to  the  throne, 
bringing  with  him  a  hundred  and  forty 
men  completely  armed  ;  and  he  was  a 
stedfast  adherent  of  the  ancient  faith. 
His  **  service  about  the  Lady  Eliza- 
beth's grace  **  commenced  on  the  4th 
of  May,  1554,  on  which  day  a  letter 
under  the  Queen*s  signet  announced  to 


him  that  he  was  appointed  Constable 
of  the  Tower,  as  successor  to  Sir  John 
Grage,  who  had  been  promoted  to  the 
office  of  Lord  Chamberlain  of  the 
Household.  Sir  Henry  was  commis- 
sioned to  raise  a  company  of  one  hun- 
dred soldiers,  who  were  armed  and  paid 
at  the  Queen's  expense,  the  soldiers 
receiving  eight-pence  a  day,  a  captain 
five  shilungs,  a  petty  captain  two  shil- 
lings, and  a  drummer  twelve-pence. 
He  was  to  be  chief  ruler  of  the  house 
of  Woodstock  and  of  the  plate  belong- 
ing to  it ;  and  to  have  full  furniture  of 
bedding,  hangings,  and  other  necessa- 
ries for  himself  and  sixteen  servants. 

The  first  letter  in  Sir  Henry  Be- 
dingfield's  book  describes  the  Lady 
Elizabeth's  journey  from  Windsor  to 
Woodstock,  her  previous  stages  having 
been  reported  m  letters  written  by 
Edward  Bedingfield  and  John  Noreys, 
which  are  not  preserved. 

Tlie  princess  was  conveyed  in  a  litter 
sent  for  her  use  by  the  Queen,  but  she 
travelled  ill  at  ease  in  consequence  of 
its  "  starll  being  warpen  and  cast(?)" 
Her  departure  from  Windsor  was  in 
this  wise — 

First,  when  her  Grace  came  to  the 
castle  gate  to  take  her  litter,  there  stood 
of  Master  Norreys*  servants  xvj,  in  taw- 
ney  coats,  to  receive  her  out ;  at  which 
place  there  were  some  people  to  behold 
her. 

Item,  at  the  utter-gate  was  master 
Warde  with  viij  servants  weaponed  with 
bills,  and  himself  a  warding  staff. 

Item,  her  Grace  passed  the  town  of 
Windsor  with  much  gazing  of  people  unto 
Eton  college,  where  was  used  the  like,  as 
well  by  the  scholars  as  others  ;  the  like  in 
villages  aud  fields  unto  Wycombe,  where 
most  gazing  was  used,  and  the  wives  had 
prepared  cake  and  wafers  which  at  her 
passing  by  them  they  delivered  into  the 
litter.  She  received  it  with  thanks  until 
by  the  quantity  she  was  accombred,  and 
with  the  herbs  delivered  in  with  the  wafers 
troubled,  as  she  said,  and  desired  the 
people  to  cease. 

Item,  at  West  Wycombe  Sir  William 
Dormer,  with  zvj  servants  in  blue  coats, 
and  Mr.  Dormer  of  Thame  his  kinsman, 
with  iiij  of  his  servants,  awaited  her  com- 
ing half  a  mile  from  his  house  ;  through 
which  town  she  passed  with  great  looking- 
upoQ  unto  Master  Dormer's  house,  where 
without  the  outer  gate  my  lady  Dormer, 


Tytler,  ii.  342. 


t  See  Chronicle  of  Queen  Jane  and  Queen  Mary,  p.  70, 


8 


The  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock.  [Jan. 


with  her  daughter  in  law  the  Qaeen's  Ma- 
jesty's maid,*  did  await  their  receipt,  and 
followed  the  litter  unto  the  door,  when  her 
Grace  alighted  and  was  so  by  them  re- 
ceived into  the  house,  and  so  went  into  her 
chamber,  from  whence  she  desired  not  to 
stir,  being  thereto  moved  by  wearyness,  as 
it  was  to  be  judged. 

The  journey  on  the  following  day 
from  Wycombe  to  Rycot  is  described 
in  similar  terms.    It  was  made 

without  any  g^eat  meeting-with  into  a 
town  called  Aston,  where  some  people 
looked  on  her  passing,  and  four  repaired 
to  the  church  and  rang  the  bells;  which 
were,  by  order  of  the  Lord  Williams,  Sir 
Henry  Bedingfield,  and  Sir  William  Dor- 
mer, put  in  ward  presently. 

This  incident  is  mentioned  by  Foxe, 
and  one  of  the  items  of  his  complaint 
is  so  far  confirmed.  On  the  arrival  at 
the  Lord  Williams's  house  at  Rycot, 

whither  certain  people  were  gathered  to 
see  her,  into  the  chambers  in  the  inner 
court,  she  alighted  out  of  her  litter  at 
the  hall  door,  where  the  Lady  Williams, 
with  other  gentlewomen,  did  entertain  her 
Grace ;  from  whence  she  passed  directly 
to  her  lodging,  from  the  which  she  stirred 
not  until  she  had  supped,  when  she  called 
for  the  Lord  Williams,  Sir  Henry  Beding- 
field, and  Sir  William  Dormer,  to  await 
her  pleasure  in  the  utter  chamber  of  the 
three,  with  whom  she  talked. 

Item,  she  had  the  Lady  Williams  with 
her  at  supper,  who  remained  there  till 
livery  was  served. 

Her  Grace  was  marvelously  well  enter- 
tained, as  well  in  her  diet  as  lodging. 

This  last  observation  tallies  with  the 
"princely  entertainment"  at  Rycot 
describea  in  Foxe's  narrative,  though, 
as  proceeding  from  Sir  Henry  Beding- 
field, it  does  not  confirm  Foxe*s  asser- 
tion, that  Sir  Henry  "grunted  and 
was  highly  offended"  therewith,  and 
had  an  angry  rencontre  with  the  Lord 
Williams  upon  the  subject. 

At  the  towns  of  Whcatley  and  Stan- 
ton St.  John  all  the  people  awaited 
the  princess's  passing  with  "  God  save 
your  Grace!*  Near  Islip  they  en- 
countered a  company  of  the  parishion- 
ers engaged  in  performing  a  remark- 
able custom,  which  is  thus  described : — 

There  was  a  number  of  men  and  chil- 


dren of  the  same  town  fetching  home  to 
the  use  of  the  Church,  as  they  said,  given 
to  them  by  the  lord  of  the  same,  a  load  of 
wood  ;  and  according  to  their  use,  as  they 
said,  to  be  drawn  home  by  the  strength 
of  men  drawing  in  traces,  and  having  with 
them  for  their  further  sport  a  minstrel : 
whom  at  her  coming  by  she  did  a  little 
behold,  and  they  saluting  her  she  passed 
on  her  way. 

At  the  close  of  this  day's  journey 
she  arrived  at  Woodstock ;  where 

at  the  park  gate  awaited  her  coming  the 
foresters  and  keepers  of  the  park  ;  and  at 
the  gate  of  the  house  were  some  people 
gathered;  where  also  stood  within  the 
same  gate  six  of  the  keepers  of  the  same 
house,  weaponed  with  forest  bills,  at  which 
gate  she  entered,  and  passed  towards  her 
lodging. 

It  has  been  traditionally  asserted 
that  the  Lady  Elizabeth's  prison  at 
Woodstock  was  not  in  the  manor-house 
but  in  the  e;ate-house,  where,  afler  the 
palace  itself  had  been  pulled  down, 
a  room  was  still  called  "  the  Princess 
Elizabeth's  chamber."  This  story, 
however,  is  contradicted  by  the  fol- 
lowing description  of  the  preparations 
made  for  her  reception  : — 

M**  that  at  her  coming  to  Woodstock 
there  was  only  prepared  for  her  Grace 
four  chambers  hanged  with  the  Queen's 
stuff  and  her  Grace's  own. 

Item,  that  in  the  whole  house  there  were 
but  three  doors  only  that  were  able  to  be 
locked  and  barred,  to  the  great  disquiet 
and  trouble  of  mind  of  the  persons  com- 
manded to  attend  upon  her  Grace  in  io 
large  a  houie^  and  unacquainted  contrary. 

It  is  added  that  the  Lord  Williams 
and  Sir  Leonard  Chamberlain,  who  had 
attended  upon  the  princess  throughout 
the  journey  from  Richmond  to  AVood- 
stock,  occupied  for  the  night  and  day 
after  its  termination  *Hhe  lodge  in 
Woodstocke  park." 

On  the  26tn  May  the  Council  sent 
to  Sir  Henry  Bedingfield  an  intimation 
of  the  Queen's  approval  of  his  proceed- 
ings ;  and  also  a  memorial,  under  the 
Queen's  sign-manual,  of  instructions 
for  his  future  conduct.  He  was  re- 
quired to  "  make  his  abode  and  give 
his  attendance  within  our  said  house 
of  Woodstock  about  the  person  of  our 


*  This  was  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Dormer  by  his  former  wife,  Mary, 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Sydney.     She  was  afterwards  married  to  Don  Gomez  Suarex, 
Count  de  Feria,  an  ambassador  from  Spain ;  and  her  Memoirs,  which  are  extant,  are 
now  annoonced  for  publicatiou  by  the  ReTi  Mr.  £stcOurt|  of  Birmingham. 
1 


1854.]       The  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock, 


said  sister."  When  opportunity  oc- 
curred, he  was  instructed  briefly  to 
declare  to  such  gentlemen  as  the  Queen 
had  presently  addressed  her  letters 
unto  for  his  assistance  in  her  service, 
as  to  such  others  as  should  have  occa- 
sion to  repair  unto  him,  ''  the  cause  of 
our  said  sister  s  late  committing  to  the 
Tower ;  whereof  although  she  be  not 
hitherto  thoroughly  cleared,  yet  have 
we,  for  her  better  quiet,  and  to  the  end 
she  may  be  the  more  honourably  used, 
thought  meet  to  appoint  her  to  remain 
at  our  said  manor  of  Woodstock  until 
such  time  as  certain  matters  touching 
her  case  which  be  not  yet  cleared  may 
be  thoroughly  tried  and  examined." 

Sir  Henry  Bedingfield  was  directed 
to  "  cause  my  said  sister  to  be  safely 
looked  unto  for  the  safeguard  of  her 
person,  having  nevertheless  regard  to 
use  her  in  such  good  and  honourable 
sort  as  may  be  agreeable  to  our  honour 
and  her  estate  and  degree."  She  was 
to  be  suffered  ^*to  walk  abroad  and 
take  the  air  in  the  gardens  of  the  said 
house,  so  as  he  himself  be  present  in 
her  company."  He  was  not  to  permit 
her  to  have  conference  with  any  sus- 
pected person  out  of  his  hearing,  nor 
by  any  means  to  receive  or  send  any 
niessage,  letter,  or  token,  to  or  from 
any  manner  of  person.  And  he  was 
to  make  frequent  communication  to  the 
(Council  of  every  thing  that  occurred. 

In  his  first  report  after  settling  at 
Woodstock,  Sir  Henry  Bedingfield  in- 
formed the  Council  that  her  Grace  con- 
tinued in  reasonable  health  and  quiet- 
ness, so  far  as  he  could  perceive ;  but 
that  she  had  claimed  promises  as  made 
by  the  Lord  Treasurer  and  Lord  Cham- 
berlain that  she  should  have  liberty  to 
walk  within  the  whole  park  of  Wood- 
stock. She  had  also  expressed  a  wish 
to  have  the  attendance  of  one  "  Johes 
Pictones,"  who  in  her  youth  did  teach 
her  divers  tongues,  which  for  lack  of 
experience  she  said  she  was  then  likely 
to  lose.  The  name  of  this  early  in- 
structor of  Elizabeth  appears  to  be 
forgotten :  is  any  memorial  preserved 
of  him  ? 

Her  Grace,  as  Bedingfield  suspected, 
had  also  sent  to  Parry  her  cofferer  for 
certain  books,  though  Parry  said  it  was 
done  of  his  own  suggestion.  From  sub- 
sequent parts  of  the  correspondence  it 
appears  that  the  service  had  been  un- 
dertaken hy  a  son-in-law  of  Parry,  one 

Gbkt.  MiG.  Vol.  XLL 


John  Fortescue,  a  student  at  Oxford. 
Two  books  had  come  into  Sir  Henry's 
hands :  one  of  them  was  Tully's  Offices, 
and  the  other  David's  Psalms  in  Latin ; 
but  such  was  the  jailor's  caution  that 
he  returned  both  again  "  for  lack  of 
warrants :"  taking,  however,  a  bill  of 
the  names  of  all  the  books  which  were 
in  readiness,  which  he  forwarded  to  the 
Lords  of  the  Council  for  their  approval. 

The  Council  in  their  reply  stated  that 
the  promise  of  allowing  the  Princess 
the  range  of  the  park  was  not  recol- 
lected, and  could  not  be  granted ;  and 
that  they  knew  no  such  person  as  John 
Pictones.  They  permitted  the  books 
to  be  received,  provided  that  none  other 
matter  were  written  or  put  in  them  as 
might  tend  to  further  inconvenience. 
But  in  the  next  despatch  even  this  in- 
dulgence was  withdrawn,  on  the  ground 
that  the  books  had  been  sent  without 
order  or  commandment,  "albeit  the 
Council  could  not  find  any  matter  of 
suspicion  in  the  said  books ; "  and  For- 
tescue was  to  be  summoned  and  sharply 
checked  for  his  presumption. 

On  the  5th  June  Sir  Henry  Beding- 
field reported  that  the  Princess  had 
that  day  parted  with  her  favourite  ser- 
vant Elizabeth  Sands,  "not  withouC 
great  mourning"  of  them  both.  This 
mistress  Sands  had  been  denounced  as 
"  a  person  of  an  evil  opinion,  and  not 
fit  to  remain  about  our  said  Sister's 
person,"  in  a  letter  under  the  Queen's 
signet  and  sign-manual  dated  the  26th 
Alay.  She  is  one  of  the  heroines  of 
the  chronicles  of  Foxe,  who  incorrectly 
describes  her  dismissal  as  having  been 
from  the  Tower,  instead  of  Woodstock. 
She  joined  the  religious  exiles  at  Ge- 
neva and  Basle;  but  afterwards  re- 
turned to  attend  upon  her  royal  mis- 
tress when  Queen,  and  became  the  wife 
of  Sir  Maurice  Berkeley. 

Sir  Henry  Bedingfield's  despatch  of 
the  9th  of  «J  une  contains  some  further 
interesting  particulars  of  the  Lacly 
Elizabeth's  application  for  books.  He 
had  not  yet  given  her  any,  because  she 
had  not  asked  him,  until  yesterday  in 
the  morning,  in  the  time  of  her  walk, 
she  demanded  of  him  whether  he  had 
any  En^^lish  Bible  of  the  smallest  vo- 
lume, or  no?  Sir  Henry  answered 
"  with  tru(h"  that  he  himself  had  never 
any  such;  and  then  her  Grace  said, 
"  If  ye  will  send  to  my  cofferer,  I  am 
sure  he  hath."  To  that  Bedingfield  made 

C 


10  Supposed  AppaHtion  of  the  Virgin  at  La  Salette,        [Jan. 

no  answer ;  but  soon  after  he  sent  to  the     be  a  good  gentleman,  yet,  by  age  and 
cofferer  for  the  books  which  he  had    other  his  earnest  business,  I  know  he 


already  reported  to  the  Council,  and  in 
the  afternoon  were  brought  three, 
CMficia  Tullii,  De  Officiis  Marci  Tullii 
Ciceronis  libri  tres,  and  Psalterium 
Daviticum  cum  aliquot  Canticse  Eccle- 
siasticse. 


hath  occasion  to  forget  many  things.** 
To  this  he  answered  that  he  never 
wrote  on  her  Grace*s  matters  to  any 
of  the  lords  privately,  and  added  that 
he  thought  this  was  a  time  when  their 
lordships  had  great  business  (the  ar- 


John  Fortescue  had  been  brought    rival  of  prince  Philip  being  daily  ex- 
to  the  lodge  in  Woodstock  Park.    It    pected),  and  therefore  her  Grace  could 


seems  that  he  had  presumed  to  write 
a  letter  with  each  of  the  books  he  had 
sent.  Mr.  Thomeo  had  assisted  Sir 
Henry  in  the  examination,  and  the 
knight  acknowledges  the  great  help  he 
had  received  from  his  well-leamed  as- 
sistance; for  the  Oxford  scholar  had 
"  uttered  certain  diffuse  words  so  much 
in   the  Latin  phrase  that  they  had 


not  look  for  direct  answer  upon  the 
first  suit.  "  AVell,*'  said  she,  "  once 
again  I  require  you  to  do  thus  much 
for  me ;  to  write  unto  my  Lords,  and 
to  desire  them  on  my  behalf  to  be  means 
unto  the  Queen's  Majesty,  to  write 
unto  her  Highness  with  my  own  hand ; 
and  in  this  case  I  pray  you  let  me  have 
answer  as  soon  as  you  can."     To  this 


swer  or  no."     Since  his  making  which 
reply  her  Grace  had  not  spoken  to  him 


passed  my  Norfolk  understand mg,  if  he  answered,  "  I  shall  do  for  your 
the  said  Mr.  Tomiowe  had  not  holpen.*'  Grace  that  J  am  able  to  do ;  which  is 
The  next  day  the  Lady  Elizabeth  to  write  to  my  Lords,  and  then  it  must 
again  asked  her  jailor  whether  he  had  needs  rest  in  their  honourable  con- 
provided  her  the  book  of  the  Bible  in  sideration  whether  I  shall  have  an- 
English  of  the  smallest  volume  or  no. 
He  answered  that  there  were  divers 
Latin  books  in  his  hands  ready  to  be 

delivered,  if  it  pleased  her  to  have        The  Council's  immediate  answer  was 

them ;  whence  he  thought  she  should  that  Sir  Henry  might  provide  the  Lady 

Jiave  more  delight,  seeing  that  she  un-  Elizabeth  the  Enslish  bible  which  she 

^^derstood  the  same  so  well ;  and  there-  required,  and  in  the  rest  should  satisfy 

fore  he  had  not  provided  the  same,  her  with  some  general  good  words  until 

This  answer  he  perceived  she  took  not  he  received  further  instructions  from 

in  good  part :  and  within  half  an  hour  them. 


agam. 


after,  during  her  walk  in  the  Nether 
Garden,  in  a  more  unpleasant  humour 
than  he  had  seen  her  since  her  coming 
from  the  Tower,  she  called  to  him 
BJgain,  and  said,  **I  have  at  divers 
times  spoken  to  you  to  write  to  my 
Lords  of  certain  my  requests,  and  you 


Mary  was  now  on  her  progress  to- 
wards Southampton  to  meet  ner  affi- 
anced husband :  and  her  thoughts  were 
naturally  preoccupied  with  the  contem- 
plation of  her  own  prospects.  There 
18  an  interval  of  eleven  days  between 
the  last  and  our  next  document.     In 


never  make    me   answer    to  any  of  this  interval,  it  appears  that  Elizabeth 

them.    I  think  you  make  none  of  my  again  wrote  to  ner  sister,  with  what 

Lords  privy  to  my  suits,  but  only  my  result  will  be  seen  when  the  subject  is 

Lord  Chamberlain,  (this  was  Sir  John  resumed  in  our  next  Magazine. 
Gage,)  who,  although  I  know  him  to 


ON  SUPPOSED  APPARITIONS  OF  THE  VIRGIN  MARY ;  AND 
PARTICULARLY  AT  LA  SALETTE. 


I  NOW  undertake  to  fulfil  my  pro- 
mise of  giving  the  history  of  the  ap- 
parition of  "Our  Lady'^  at  Salette, 
which  I  shall  do  in  as  brief  a  manner 
as  possible,  and  shall  afterwards  intro- 
duce a  few  instances,  of  analagous 
character,  from  medieval  history.  In 
order  to  avoid  too  frequent  reference 


to  my  authority,  it  may  be  as  well  to 
make  the  preliminary  statement,  that 
the  work  I  bought  at  the  door  of 
Strasburgh  Minster,  is  entitled  **  Un- 
sere  Liebe  Frau  von  La  Salette,  oder 
Erscheinung  der  Sel.  Jungfrau  auf 
den  Alpen  von  La  Salette,  &c.  &c. 
Ausgezogen    aus    den    friihern    und 


♦  •  •  ••• 


185a.]      Sm/^^&sed  AffMidoM  oftk^  ^Irgm  tU  La  SmUtti. 


II 


neoesi^i  zovediisagiai  Beriditen  van 
P.  Lduiroiz  Hecht.  E'msiedeln.  1848." 
I  dull  assert  nodimg  which  is  not 
oontained  in  this  narraUTe,  aod  all 
criticisin,  on  the  facts  therdn  stated, 
will  be  made  oa  the  assamptioD  that 
sudi  facts  have  beeo  published  in  full 
coD^keooe  of  their  aathe&tacitj. 

La  Salette  is  a  small  TiUage  in 
France,  in  the  d^uutment  of  the  Isere 
andon^  boondarj  of  that  of  the  Upper 
Alps,  1,500  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  and  about  two  miles  fix>m  the  little 
town  of  Corps  in  the  diocese  of  Greno- 
ble. The  narrow  valley,  however, 
which  witnessed  the  miraculous  ap- 
pearance  of  the  **  Queen  of  Heaven,*" 
is  about  two  miles  beyond,  hemmed  in 
bj  mountains.  It  was  on  Saturday, 
19th  September,  1847,  the  eve  of  the 
feast  of  "  Our  Lad^of  Seven  Dolours," 
that  Peter  Mazimin  Girean,  a  boy  of 
twelve  years  of  age,  and  Francisca 
Melania  Matthien,  a  girl  fifteen  years 
old,  were  engaged  in  their  ordmary 
task  of  tendii^  some  cattle.  The  day 
was  intensely  hot,  no  clouds  moderated 
the  burning  rays  of  the  sun.  The  two 
children  therefore  sought  a  place  to 
•belter  themselves  from  the  great  heat 
of  noon,  near  a  little  brook,  called 
Sigiard,  in  the  midst  of  the  valley. 
They  then  proceeded  to  take  their  mid- 
day meal,  afler  which  they  went  to 
sleep,  in  fact,  took  a  siesta  or  noontide 
slumber,  a  custom  among  natives  of  a 
southern  latitude.  They  awoke  about 
three  o'clock,  when  Melania  started  up 
and  began  to  look  after  her  cows, 
which  she  soon  discovered  higher  up 
on  the  mountain,  tyin^  down  on  the 
even  grass.  She  and  Maximin  were 
about  to  proceed  to  the  cattle  in  order 
to  bring  them  back,  when  she  saw 
a  light  in  the  place  where  they  had 
slept ;  and  said  to  Maximin,  ^*  Come 
look  at  the  light  below  there,"  and 
immediately  she  saw  a  woman.  Mela- 
nia was  so  frightened  that  she  almost 
dropped  her  staff,  but  Maximin  said  to 
her;  "Don't  be  afraid,  nor  let  your 
staff*  fall,  for  if  any  one  intends  to  do 
us  harm,  I  will  strike  them  with  my 
staff*.'*  They  then  saw  distinctly,  at 
the  same  spot  where  they  had  been 
sleeping  a  snort  time  before,  a  beauti- 
ful woman,  clothed  in  white,  sitting  on 
a  broad  stone.  Her  countenance  was 
turned  towards  the  south,  and  her  feet 
rested  on  a  place  where,  in  the  rainy 


scjison  and  at  the  sueltii^  of  the  snow 
was  a  L'ttle  brook,  but  it  was  bow 
quite  dry. 

The  woman  rested  her  elbows  upoa 
her  knees,  supporting  her  head  with 
both  hands.  i>he  wept.,  and  the  chil* 
dren  saw  her  tears.  At  this  sight,  thej 
would  have  run  away;  but  the  lady 
arose,  and  advancing  a  few  steps  to- 
wards them,  addressed  them  in  these 
words,  "Be  not  afraid,  my  children, 
but  come  nearer.'"  This  frieniUy  salu* 
tation  banished  fear,  and  they  drew 
nigh  until  they  were  miito  close,  Mela* 
nia  on  her  right  and  Afaximin  on  her 
left  But  to  follow  the  writer,  the 
minute  description  of  the  lady  must 
now  be  given,  as  related  by  the  chil* 
dren  themselves.  The  "so  beautiful 
lady"  as  they  called  her,  when  thej 
knew  not  who  she  was,  for  it  seems  bj 
our  author  that  the  sublime  discovery 
was  due  to  minds  better  informed  than 
those  of  poor  peasant  children,  was 
large,  and  of  lofty  stature,  with  a  white 
visage.  Her  whole  person  was  lumi- 
nous, and  the  light  was  about  her  as  a 
garment;  but  her  face,  particularly, 
sent  forth  such  great  lustre,  that  the 
children  could  not  look  at  her  very 
long.  UjK)n  her  head  she  wore  r 
moderately  high  Asiatic  head-dress, 
adorned  with  a  beautiful  diadem,  that 
sparkled  with  many  colours :  it  was 
high,  and  like  a  royal  crown.  Ucr 
roue  was  white,  of  an  ancient  formy 
overlaid  with  golden  pearls,  the  sleeves 
very  broad,  and  a  roycd  mantle  over  it. 
Iler  breast  was  bedecked  with  a  white 
kerchief,  having  a  border  composed  of 
many-coloured  flowers.  From  ucr  neck 
depended  a  golden  chain  about  throe 
fingers  broad,  which,  fastened  by  a 
single  snap,  hung  down  as  far  ns  the 
girdle.  Another  golden  chain,  of  a 
nnger's  breadth,  was  about  her  ueck, 
and  to  this  hung  a  crucifix,  eight  or 
nine  inches  long,  having  the  figure  of 
JesuH  Christ  upon  it.  nencuth  one 
arm  of  the  cross,  hanging  at  the  end, 
was  an  inverte<l,  half  oi>en,  pair  of 
pincers ;  and  at  the  other  a  hammer  : 
all  these  things  appeared  to  be  of  gold, 
only  they  glittered  more  than  that 
metal.  The  shoes  were  white,  adorned 
with  golden  bucklen,  garlands  of 
many-coloured  roses  about  them  simi- 
lar to  the  neckcloth,  above  and  be- 
low bedecked  with  pearls,  like  the 
dress.    Whilst  she  discoursed  with  the 


Supposed  Apparition  of  the  Virgin  at  La  Salette.        {Jan. 

be  destroyed,  it  is  on  account  of  these 
sins. 

Here  "  Our  Ladj,"  having  dis- 
coursed in  French,  was  not  quite  un- 
derstood by  Melanin,  so  she  conde- 
scended to  repeat  her  words  in  the 
dialect  or  patois  of  La  Salette*  She 
then  held  a  short  discourse  on  the 
subject  of  the  -potato  disease,  with 
Maximin,  foretelling  a  still  further 
visitation  ;  and  from  this  she  proceeded 
to  discuss  the  subject  of  diseased  or 
blighted  wheat,  reminding  Maximin  of 
a  passage  in  his  life,  when,  in  a  time 
of  scarcity,  he  received  some  bread 
from  his  father  with  a  sorrowful  ex- 
pression, foreboding  want.  It  seems 
this  knowledge  of  the  past  made  so 
strong  an  impression  upon  the  youth, 
that  he  at  once  turned  from  **  a  bad 
Christian  to  a  good  Catholic." 

The  "  Lady "  continued  her  dis- 
course by  threatening  that  if  **  the 
people  did  not  turn  back "  from  their 
ways,  that  the  wheat  would  be  de- 
stroyed like  the  potatoes,  and  what 
was  not  so  destroyed  would  be  given 
up  to  worms  and  insects.  Then  was 
to  ensue  a  great  famine,  of  so  terrible 
a  character  that  children,  under  seven 
years  of  age,  should  die  in  the  arms 
of  their  nurses.  Then  nuts  would  be 
destroyed  by  maggots,  and  disease  at- 
tack the  vineyards  ;  but  if  the  people 
repented,  then  would  rock  and  moun- 
tam  increase  with  its  fruit,  and  the 
field  yield  its  corn  and  potato. 
"  Now  my  children,"  said  she,  "  make 
this  known  to  all  my  people."  She 
then  questioned  them  as  to  their 
prayers,  and  finding  them  rather  lax 
on  this  point  gave  them  some  direc- 
tions for  a  Filter  and  Ave  occasionally, 
and  added  some  special  counsel.  Af- 
terwards she  arose,  and  stepped  across 
the  brook ;  then  turning  towards  the 
children,  enjoined  obedience  to  her 
commands,  and  repeated  her  injunc- 
tions to  make  them  known  to  all. 

She  then  began  to  ascend  a  little 
hill,  stepping  so  lightly  on  the  point  of 
the  grass  as  not  in  the  least  degree  to 
bend  it  down.  Whilst  on  the  hill,  she 
arose  about  four  feet  high  from  the 
earth,  and  remained  pendent  for  a 
moment,  looking  riglit  and  left ;  then 
she  disappeared.  This,  however,  was 
very  gradual,  for  the  head  went  first, 
then  the  hands,  then  the  body,  and  at 
last  the  feet.    The  place  she  had  lefl 


12 


children,  she  held  her  arms  crossed,  so 
that  one  could  not  see  her  hands.  "  So 
much,"  says  my  author,  "  for  the  figure 
and  attire  of  the  so  beautiful  lady. 

Before  I  transcribe  the  conversation 
which  passed,  I  will  pause  to  make  a 
few  remarks  on  the  foregoing.  The 
two  children  are  mentioned  as  being 
particularly  ignorant,  yet  this  descrip- 
tion, taken,  as  it  is  asserted,  from  their 
own  lips,  is  as  minute  as  if  they  both 
worked  with  note-book  in  hand.  But 
what  is  most  extraordinary,  these  igno' 
rant  children  suddenly  evmce  a  know- 
ledge which,  in  polite  communities, 
belong  only  to  the  few.  They  can  tell 
that  the  mantle  is  royal,  that  the  head 
attire  is  Asiatic^  and  that  the  gown  is 
of  an  antique  pattern.  But  it  is  amus- 
ing to  find  how  close  the  general  de- 
scription is  to  the  dressed  up  figures 
of  the  Virgin  in  the  continental 
churches,  particularly  those  of  "  Our 
Lady  of  the  Seven  Dolours"  of  which 
^  festival  the  day  of  the  apparition  was 
the  vigil.  But  I  will  at  present  leave 
criticism,  and  pass  on  to  the  discourse, 
which  ran  thus : — 

I  am  here,  my  children,  in  order  to  de< 
flfclare  to  you  some  important  information. 
If  my  people  will  not  obey,  I  am  con- 
strained to  let  the  arm  of  my  Son  fall 
heavy  upon  them  ;  then  it  is  so  strong  and 
80  heavy,  that  I  am  not  able  to  stay  it 
more.  You  must  pray  well  and  do  good ; 
but  you  will  never  be  in  a  position  to 
know  how  much  I  have  laboured  for  you. 
If  I  would  that  my  Son  does  not  forsake 
you,  and  shall  spare  you,  then  must  1, 
without  ceasing,  pray  for  you  both  ;  but 
this  is  not  observed  by  you.  Six  days  has 
my  Son  given  you  for  work,  the  seventh 
has  he  reserved  for  himself,  and  you  will 
not  give  it  to  him.  One  sees  a  few  women 
only  go  to  mass,  the  rest  of  the  people 
work  all  the  Sunday  in  summer ;  but  they 
go  to  the  church  in  the  winter,  when  they 
don't  know  what  to  do;  thus  they  only  do 
it  in  order  to  make  the  religion  of  my  Son 
a  mockery.  They  put  stones  in  their 
pockets,  to  throw  at  the  girls,  when  they 
go  to  church.  Also,  when  driving  wag- 
gons in  the  open  streets,  they  swear  so 
much,  that  every  moment  they  revile  my 
Son's  name.  These  are  the  two  things 
which  has  drawn  down  upon  you  the 
whole  weight  of  my  Son's  arm.  During 
the  whole  Lent,  Friday  and  Saturday,  all 
the  people  go  to  the  shambles  like  dogs. 
They  get  out  of  bed,  and  lie  down  to  sleep, 
without  thinking  of  God,  without  ever 
ever  offering  a  prayer.     If  the  potatoes 


1854.]      Supposed  Appm*Uion  of  the  Virgin  at  La  Salette. 


13 


was  filled  with  a  column  of  light,  shin- 
ing like  the  sun,  which  the  children 
saw  ascending  far  up  into  heaven, 
until  lost  in  the  pure  blue  sky.  The 
apnarition  lasted  about  half  an  hour. 

Now  it  appears  that  the  children  did 
not  yet  know  the  quality  of  the  lady, 
although  of  course  .they  imagined  her 
to  be  something  holy.  But  on  the 
following  morning  they  communicated 
the  affair  to  the  curate  of  La  Sa- 
lette,  Mons.  Peytard,  who  narrated  the 
story  to  the  dwellers  of  the  vicinity, 
and  it  was  unanimously  agreed  that 
the  lady  decked  with  a  royal  crown 
could  be  no  other  than  the  Blessed 
Virgin ;  and  so  it  went  from  mouth  to 
mouth,  and  the  children  related  to  all 
the  miraculous  event. 

Little  criticism  is  needed  in  re- 
viewing the  bare  facts  here  related. 
Whether  it  be  delusion,  or  fraud,  or  both, 
is  not  a  matter  of  much  importance  to 
determine.  The  weak  parts  of  the 
story  are  such  as  betray  an  endeavour 
to  prove  too  much,  by  entering  into 
minute  and  elaborate  details.  The 
mode  of  vanishing  by  degrees ;  the 
passing  over  the  grass  without  bending 
it ;  the  Asiatic  head-dress  and  antique 
robe ;  and  the  general  picture  given, 
suggest  a  strung  suspicion  that  our 
friend  the  cure  had  rather  over-ex- 
erted his  imagination.  The  children 
appear  to  be  of  nervous  temperaments ; 
Melania  is  described  as  a  very  fearful 
girl,  and  Maximin  has  a  restless  habit 
of  twitching  his  eyes  about,  and  always 
moving  bis  hands  ;  it  is  also  very  sug- 
gestive of  consequences,  that  they  had 
both  recently  slept,  perhaps  dreamt. 
But,  lest  I  should  be  considered  as  en- 
deavouring to  account  for  a  story  I  do 
not  think  worth  the  trouble,  I  shall 
at  once  leave  it  in  the  hands  of  my 
readers  to  settle  it  in  their  own  way. 

Miracles  of  all  kinds,  of  course,  con- 
firm the  truth  of  the  story,  and  why 
should  not  La  Salette  be  equally 
famous  as  "  Our  Lady  of  Hal,"  or  of 
Einsiedlen,  or  Altuting ;  or  of  those 
in  France,  at  Nancy,  at  Puy,  &c.  all 
of  whom  have  been  famous  in  miracles. 
Let  it  suffice,  that  thousands  of  pil- 
grims visit  the  sacred  spot  to  hear  the 
words  of  the  "  beautiful  lady "  from 
the  lips  of  the  two  children ;  and,  on 
the  3 1  St  May,  1847,  more  than  six 
thousand  are  said  to  have  been  pre- 
sent^ and  sung  psalms  and  hymns  in 


honour  of  the  Virgin.  All  the  people^ 
before  so  wicked,  now  leave  off  swear- 
ing and  cursing,  and  working  on  the 
Sunday ;  but  how  far  such  piety  ex- 
tends, whether  it  be  confined  to  the 
vicinity  or  no,  is  not  stated.  Certain 
it  is,  that  working  on  the  Sunday  is 
no  uncommon  thing  in  France,  or  in 
the  neighbouring  countries;  and  swear- 
ing assumes  a  volubility  in  mouths 
even  above  the  rank  of  peasants,  that 
is  not  particularly  edifying. 

The  great  triumph  of  La  Salette 
was  the  first  anniversary  of  the  mira- 
culous appearance.  On  this  occasion, 
19th  September,  1847,  according  to  our 
authority,  no  less  than  sixty  thousand 
persons,  of  all  ages,  visited  the  sacred 
spot.  Numbering  a  multitude,  even 
to  practised  eyes,  is  at  all  times  a 
matter  of  difiiculty,  but  we  have  many 
precedents  for  such  large  assemblages 
at  religious  shrines.  During  the  night 
of  the  18th  it  is  computed  that  two 
thousand  were  in  the  immediate  vi- 
cinity of  the  spot  without  any  shelter, 
and  "  their  piety  as  well  as  their 
health,"  as  the  writer  observes,  was 
proved  by  a  heavy  storm  of  rain  which 
fell.  At  three  o'clock  in  the  mornings 
fifly  priests,  with  the  cure  of  La  Sa- 
lette, proceeded  to  the  consecration  of 
the  chapel,  and  at  four  o'clock  was  the 
first  mass ;  but  the  press  of  new 
arrivals  was  so  great  that  at  eleven 
o'clock  the  performance  of  the  mass 
could  no  longer  be  continued.  The  curd 
of  the  cathedral  church  of  Grenoble 
declares  he  never  saw  so  imposing  a 
sight,  not  at  the  return  of  the  Bour- 
bons, of  Napoleon  from  Elba,  nor  ht 
the  anniversary  of  the  festival  of  the 
Dedication  of  the  Chapel  of  Our  Lady 
of  Einsiedlen;  nor  even  at  the  en- 
thronization  of  Pope  Pius  IX;  **and 
yet,"  says  he,  "here  were  only  two- 
thirds  of  the  pilgrims  present,"  and  he 
numbers  the  residue  at  twenty  thousand 
more,  making  eighty  thousand  in  all. 
These  are  the  bare  facts  of  the  story, 
and  I  will  here  leave  it,  and  proceed 
with  some  illustrations,  by  giving  a 
few  examples  which  the  religious  his- 
tor^f  of  the  Middle  Ages  afford  of  ap- 
paritions of  the  Virgin  Mary.  The 
theological  part  of  the  question  it  in- 
volves is  far  less  interesting  than  that 
which  affects  the  human  mind,  which 
is  so  prone  to  cherish  delusions,  and  to 
hold  them  with  a  tenacity  seldom  ac- 


14 


Supposed  Apparitions  of  the  Virgin. 


[Jan. 


corded  to  demonstrative  truths.  It 
will  not  satisfy,  to  denounce  all  the 
narratives  as  mere  frauds;  delusions 
thej  were,  without  doubt,  and  we  have 
instances  at  the  present  time,  in  re- 
gard to  the  spiritual  communings 
through  the  medium  of  tables,  which 
presents  us  with  phenomena,  tending 
to  explain  how  easy  credence  can  be 

§ivcn  to  the  most  absurd  and  contra- 
ictory  wanderings  of  a  heated  ima- 
gination. The  first  story  I  shall  pro- 
duce is  that  of  St.  Andrew  the  Car- 
melite, Bishop  of  Fiesole. 

He  was  of  the  noble  family  of  Cor- 
sini,  and  when  his  mother  was  pregnant 
of  him  she  had  a  dream,  that  she  would 
bring  forth  a  wolf  instead  of  a  man, 
but  who,  having  entered  a  church, 
should  afterwards  become  a  lamb.  This 
dream  is  thought  to  have  been  ful- 
filled, for  the  boy  grew  up,  and  was 
diligently  educated,  and  became  very 
dear  to  his  parents;  but,  as  he  ad- 
vanced towanls  manhood,  he  began  to 
train  dogs,  and  purchase  horses,  and 
quite  freed  himself  from  all  parental 
restraint.  So  one  day,  it  happened, 
that  his  mother  met  him,  and  said  to 
,him :  "  You  are  the  wolf  that  I  dreamt 
I  should  bear  ;**  at  which  words,  the 
youth  became  so  shocked  that  he  re- 
pented, and  at  once  entered  into  the 
order  of  Carmelites,  so  he  became  a 
lamb.  His  conduct  was  renowned  for 
extreme  humility,  and  at  one  time, 
when  all  the  Corsini  appointed  that  he 
should  celebrate  mass,  and  great  pomp 
was  made  in  the  preparations,  St. 
Andrew  withdrew  himself  to  a  convent 
in  the  woods,  seven  miles  distant  from 
the  city,  and  then  devoutly  performed 
his  first  mass,  when  the  Blessed  Virffin 
Mary  appeared  to  him  attended  oy 
angels,  and  said  to  him,  **  Thou  art  my 
servant,  for  I  have  chosen  thee."  The 
devout  servants  of  the  Virgin  have 
frequently  been  honoured  by  especial 
gifts ;  Bonitus  was  one  so  favourea,  and 
the  storv  is  not  without  its  suggestions. 
St.  Bonitus  was  Bishop  of  Clermont  in 
the  seventh  century.  He  went  on  a 
pilgrimage  to  Rome,  having  dispensed 
all  ne  had  to  monasteries  and  churches. 
Having  at  lensth  arrived  there,  he 
rendered  himself  conspicuous  in  good 
works,  and  redeemed  several  captives 
which  he  brought  back  with  him.  He 
then  returned  to  Lyons,  and  spent 
four  years  there  in  good  works :  then 


he  had  a  revelation  of  the  day  of  his 
decease,  which  took  place  from  an  at- 
tack of  the  gout.  But  it  is  said  he 
received  a  celestial  garment  from  the 
Blessed  Virgin,  whilst  yet  on  earth; 
and  to  prove  the  truth  of  the  story, 
this  garment  was  preserved  in  Cler- 
mont for  the  religious  veneration  of 
the  people;  and  its  manufacture  and 
material  no  mortal  could  comprehend. 
Now,  here  we  evidently  have  "rhe- 
toric turned  into  logic.**  A  celestial 
garment  is  easily  understood  as  the 
reward  of  his  piety.  It  is  not  a  very 
forced  metaphor  for  a  legendary,  but 
producing  an  actual  vestment  to  prove 
its  truth  is  another  case  of  proving  too 
much. 

The  next  instance  is  from  the  life  of 
St.  Hildephonso,  Bishop  of  Toledo,  in 
the  seventh  century ;  a  devout  votary 
of  the  Virgin  Mary,  who  wrote  a  work 
in  her  honour  and  defence  against  the 
heretics.  He  was  famous  for  his  mi- 
racles, and  even,  savs  a  legendary 
writer,  "  the  Holy  Spirit  work^  some 
miracles  by  him,"  and  one  of  especial 
significance.  The  day  of  the  Virgin 
Mary  approaching,  he  performed  the 
litanies  three  days  previous,  and  com- 
*  posed  a  mass  which  is  sung  in  her 
honour.  Moreover,  when  the  solem- 
nity of  the  Assumption  had  arrived, 
he  solicited  the  King,  as  well  as  the 
people,  to  this  act  of  grace.  And  al- 
ready before  the  hour  of  matins,  he  had 
arisen  to  perform  his  service  to  the 
Lord,  with  deacons  and  subdeacons, 
and  the  clergy  goin^  before  him  with 
torches;  when,  behold, suddenly  open- 
ing the  door,  and  entering  the  church, 
they  found  it  filled  with  a  celestial 
brightness ;  at  which  they  were  so 
frightened,  that  dropping  their  torches 
from  their  hands  they  ned  away  with 
precipitation,  returning  to  their  com- 
panions like  so  many  dead  men. 
Anxiously,  indeed,  did  the  whole  as- 
sembly ask,  what  would  be  manifested 
concerning  the  servant  of  God?  "But 
he,"  says  the  legendary,  with  naive 
simplicity,  "  well  conscious  in  himself,** 
mx)ceeding  to  the  altar  of  Uie  Blessed 
Virgin,  found  in  the  chair  where  he 
was  accustomed  to  sit,  "Our  Lady** 
herself  sitting ;  and,  raising  his  eye% 
he  found  the  whole  circuit  of  the  apse 
filled  with  a  choir  of  virgins,  who  sung 
a  part  of  the  Psalms  of  David,  with 
great  sweetness ;  and  afterwards  look- 


1854.] 


Supposed  Apparitions  of  the  Virgin. 


15 


ing  upon  her,  he  heard  **  Our  Lady  " 
say  to  him  **Come  near  before  me, 
O !  servant  of  God,  and  accept  from 
my  hand  a  little  gift,  which  I  have 
brought  from  my  Son's  treasury ;  for 
stich  is  thy  labour,  that  the  blessing  of 
the  garment  which  is  given  to  thee  is, 
that  yon  shall  only  use  it  on  my  day.** 
Havinff  said  these  words,  she,  together 
with  her  attendant  virgins,  and  the 
celestial  light,  vanished  n'om  his  eyes. 
But  the  vestment,  like  as  in  the  pre- 
vious instance,  was  of  course  preserved, 
to  bear  infallible  witness  against  all 
gainsayers  to  the  truth  of  the  appari- 
tion. It  is  preserved  in  the  cathedral 
church  of  Toledo,  and  is  said  to  be  of 
wondrous  subtilty  and  brightness  ;  also 
the  chair  in  which  the  mother  of  God 
sat  was  kept  inviolate,  no  bishop  pre- 
suming ever  after  to  profane  it,  except 
Sigebert,  "who,"  the  legendary  ob- 
serves, "immediately  losing  his  seat, 
was  sent  into  exile ;  **  a  summary  mode 
of  teaching  him  propriety  of  behaviour. 

Saint  Heribert,  Archbishop  of  Co- 
logne in  the  tenth  century,  was  favoured 
by  a  special  dream,  in  which  "Our 
Lady "  appeared  to  him,  in  order  to 
determine  where  he  should  erect  a 
monastery  to  her  honour,  which  he  had 
long  contemplated,  and  for  which  the 
deceased  emperor  had  left  funds.  She 
thus  addressed  him :  "  O  Heribert,  I 
am  Mary,  the  mother  of  the  Lord. 
Arise,  therefore,  and  seek  the  castle  of 
Deutz,  and  there  command  the  founda- 
tions of  a  monastery  to  be  laid  to  the 
honour  of  God,  of  me,  and  all  the  saints ; 
so  that,  where  formerly  sin  and  the 
worship  of  demons  abounded,  justice 
may  now  reign  in  the  multitude  of 
saints.**  In  this  story  we  have  an  in- 
stance recorded  of  the  common  prac- 
tice of  erecting  churches,  or  monastic 
structures,  on  sites  where  ancient  wor- 
ship, or  the  tradition  of  it,  remained. 
It  was  without  doubt  one  of  the  most 
efficacious  means  ofweaning  the  minds 
of  the  common  people  from  popular 
worship  or  superstition,  which  lives 
so  long  in  the  habits  and  customs  of  a 
nation. 

In  the  life  of  Saint  Lutgard,  a  virgin 
saint  of  Brabant,  we  have  an  account 
of  the  apparition  of  the  Blessed  Virgin, 
which  bears  some  analogy  to  that  of  La 
Salette,  inasmuch  as  she  appears  in 
order  to  complain  of  the  sins  of  the 
|)Coplc.    It  was  the  period  of  the  heresy 


of  the  unfortunate  Albigenses,  when 
the  Virgin  Mary,  with  a  sorrowful 
countenance,  appeared  to  Saint  Lut- 
gard, who  was  at  that  time  in  a  con- 
vent of  the  order  of  Cistercians,  at 
Aquiria.  The  saint  addressed  herself 
to  her,  requesting  to  know  what  might 
be  the  reason  of  the  pallor  of  her 
cheek,  which  was  usuafiy  so  replete 
with  every  grace?  when  the  Blessed 
Virgin  replied :  "  Behold !  my  Son  is 
again  spat  on  and  crucified  by  the 
heretics  and  false  Christians:  make 
therefore  to  thyself  a  lament,  and 
fast  for  seven  successive  years,  that 
the  wrath  of  my  son  may  be  appeased, 
which  now  threatens  the  universal 
globe.**  Saint  Lutgard  observed  this 
Fast  very  strictly,  living  on  bread  and 
ale  only ;  and  after  it  was  completed 
another  revelation  enjoined  her  to 
fast  yet  another  seven  years  for  all 
sinners. 

In  the  history  of  the  shrine  of  "  Our 
Lady  of  Boulogne,**  we  find  it  re- 
corded that  the  V  irgin  Mary  appeared 
to  the  inhabitants  whilst  they  were 
praying  in  the  church,  and  informed 
them  of  the  mifaculous  arrival  of 
her  image,  and  of  her  desire  to  have  a 
more  sumptuous  church  erected  to  her 
honour.  Indeed  similar  stories  to  the 
above,  taken  at  random,  are  very  com- 
mon in  medieval  history,  and  to  inquire 
into  their  truth  or  falsehood  would  be 
a  waste  of  labour.  Cesarius,  the  monk 
of  Heisterbach,  relates  so  many  in- 
stances of  the  Virgin  Mary's  conde- 
scension in  frequent  apparitions,  that 
in  his  day  it  must  have  been  an  oc- 
currence too  common  to  have  seemed 
to  a  Cistercian  (for  Cesarius  was  of 
their  order)  anything  out  of  the  or- 
dinary course  of  thmgs.  The  Cis- 
tercian order  was  under  the  peculiar 
patronage  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  and 
therefore  the  predilection  shown  by 
this  worthy  monk  can  be  accounted 
for.  It  is  agreeable  to  see  how  tho- 
roughly he  was  persuaded  of  the  truth 
of  that  which  he  records.  The  follow- 
ing story,  of  which  I  give  the  sub- 
stance, is  one  pf  the  most  amusing  for 
its  illustrations  of  the  foregoing  re- 
marks : — 

"  A  monk  of  our  order,  much  loving 
*  Our  Lady,*  a  few  years  ago  was  led 
to  the  contemplation  of  heavenly  glory. 
He  saw  the  whole  order,  of  the  church 
triumphant;    angels,   patriarchs,  pro- 


16 


Supposed  Apparitions  of  the  Virgin. 


[Jan. 


phctd,  apostles,  martyrs,  and  confes- 
sors, and  divers  of  the  monastic  orders 
— but  not  the  Cistercian.  So  he  ad- 
dressed himself  humbly  to  the  Blessed 
Virgin  herself,  inquiring,  with  a  groan, 
why  he  saw  none  of  them,  the  most  de- 
voted of  her  servants  ?  Seeing  him 
disturbed,  the  Queen  of  Heaven  re- 
plied, *  So  beloved  of  me  are  those  of 
the  Cistercian  order,  that  I  cherish 
them  under  my  arms.'  And  thereby 
she  opened  her  mantle,  which  was  *  of 
wonderful  amplitude,*  and  he  saw  there 
an  innumerable  number  of  monks  and 
nuns  of  his  order.  The  monk  was 
full  of  joy,  and  related  to  his  abbot 
what  he  had  seen." 

He  relates  a  pretty  story  of  a  dying 
convert,  that  is,  one  who  nad  but  just 
entered  the  order.  It  is  interesting, 
from  a  quotation  from  Virgil ;  and 
Cesarius  tells  us  he  had  the  narrative 
from  the  lips  of  a  monk  present.  The 
convert  was  a  native  of  Friesland,  and 
his  name  was  Favo.  In  his  extreme 
mortal  agony  be  began  to  smile.  "  Pavo, 
why  doyou  laugh  ?  "  said  one  standing 
by.  «» Why  not  laugh?"  said  he.  "Be- 
hold *  Our  Lady '  is  present,  and  will 
now  receive  my  soul."  The  writer 
then  observes  that  he  seemed  to  fulfil 
the  poet's  words : 

Incipe  parve  puer,  rlsu  cognoscere  Matrem. 

A  similar  story  is  told  of  a  nun  at 
the  church  of  Saint  Maurice,  at  Co- 
logne, who  in  her  dying  hour  called 
out  "Welcome,  my  sweet  Lady,  wel- 
come I"  In  another,  we  find  the  Virgin 
condescends  to  administer  an  electuary 
to  the  monks,  but  omits  to  give  it  to 
the  physician,  who,  though  a  monk, 
was  too  frequently  away  from  his  mo- 
nastery; and  to  use  "Our  Lady's" 
words,  preferred  his  own  medicaments 
to  hers :  of  course  he  was  led  back 
from  the  error  of  his  ways. 

Those  who  have  made  the  tour  of 
the  Rhine  will  not  have  forgotten  the 
Seven  mountains  which  constitute  the 
principal  feature  in  the  opening  of  the 
scenery.  One  of  the  first  approached 
is  called  the  Fetersberg,  ana  on  the 
Bunmiit  is  a  little  chapel  which  is  just 
visible  from  the  river.  In  the  valley 
behind  this  are  the  ruins  of  the  Abbey 
of  Heisterbach,  the  retreat  of  the  monk 
Csesarius.  A  nun  named  Christina,  of 
the  Cistercian  order,  lived  at  the  con* 
vent  on  the  mount  or  hill  of  St.  Wal- 


purgis,  which  I  believe  to  be  that  now 
called  Petersberg.  She  was  much 
favoured  by  revelations.  "It  was 
the  Feast  of  the  Assumption:  Abbot 
Eustace,  with  many  others,  was  pre- 
sent, and  when  he  came  to  the  hymn, 
Te  Deum  laudamus,  the  said  nun  went 
into  an  ecstacy,  and  saw  Heaven  opened. 
At  that  time  the  oratory  was  of  wood, 
but  it  appeared  to  her  to  have  both 
fronts  of  gold.  Raising  her  eyes,  she 
saw  '  the  glorious  Mother  of  God,  pa- 
tron of  our  whole  order,'  sitting  in  a 
splendid  seat  with-w  multitude  of  saints, 
who  seemed  of  the  age  of  five-and- 
twenty.  When  the  choir  of  monks  in- 
clining devoutly,  sang  Sanctusj  Sanctus^ 
Sanctus,  Dominus  Dens  Sabaoth^  that 
most  Blessed  Virgin,  congratulating 
their  devotion,  sent  down  a  crown  of 
wonderful  beauty  by  a  golden  chain, 
such  as  are  accustomed  to  hang  in 
churches;  but  in  place  of  the  fasten- 
ing, was  a  very  precious  and  lucid 
gem,  on  which  was  written  O  clemens^ 
O  pia^  O  dulcis  Maria,  From  this  gem 
proceeded  three  small  arms,  which  held 
the  depending  corona.  But  from  the 
name  of  Mary,  certain  rays  going  forth, 
illumined  the  names  of  each  monk  at 
that  time  in  the  choir,  all  of  which 
seemed  written  about  the  circuit  of  the 
corona.  In  these  names  there  was 
great  inequality,  both  in  position  and 
brilliancy,  because  on  account  of  the 
quality  of  the  merits  so  was  the 
brightness  of  the  names,  and  the 
names  of  those  who  had  come  at  a 
more  recent  time  seemed  to  be  su- 
perior to  those  who  had  laboured  long 
m  the  order.  From  which  it  was 
gathered,  that  the  merit  of  those  serv- 
mg  the  Lord  did  not  consist  in  the 
length  of  time,  nor  in  the  labour  of 
the  body,  but  rather  in  fervour  of  de- 
votion. But  when  it  came  to  that 
part :  In  te  Domine  speravi,  non  con- 
fundur  in  eternum,  she  withdrew  the 
crown  to  heaven,  saying,  *  As  I  to- 
day am  in  my  glory,  so  all  these 
shall  be  with  me  for  ever.'  When 
nothing  of  this  was  known  among 
us,  Theoderic  of  Lureke,  our  monk, 
going  in  the  morning  to  our  Lord 
Henry  the  Abbot,  he  confessed  to 
him,  that  on  that  same  most  holy 
night  he  was  not  able  to  have  any 
devotion  before  they  came  to  the  afore- 
said hymn,  '  SanctuSf  &c.  Of  which 
fact  he  much  marvelled,  when  the 


1854.] 


Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  Sherborne, 


17 


vision  was  related  to  him."  The 
writer  proceeds  to  narrate  how  that 
same  nun,  before  she  entered  their 
order,  was  one  day  at  mass,  and  the 
campanarius  left  the  church  while  the 
gospel  was  read,  thinking  he  would  be 
back  in  time  for  the  responses ;  but  he 
failed  :  and  the  nun  heard  a  voice  from 
the  image  of  the  Virgin  performing 
that  office.  With  this  I  shall  come  to 
a  conclusion.  As  in  the  description 
of  the  Virgin  at  Salette,  we  find  here 
that  the  nun*s  vision  was  very  earthly, 
and  the  corona  is  evtii  alluded  to  as 
like  that  "  hung  up  in  churches." 

The  medieval  stones  certainly  have 
the  advantage  of  being  mucn  more 
agreeable  than  those  of  later  date. 
Monks  lived  in  a  charmed  circle ;  to 
them  visions  were  as  realities,  and  so 


treated  :  and  all  the  ordinary  occur- 
rences and  accidents  of  life  were  sur- 
rounded by  mystery  and  marvel.  Evil 
spirits  were  as  frequently  attendant 
upon  their  silent  hours  as  good  ones,  and 
to  invoke  the  assistance  and  protection 
of  the  latter  was  a  pious  duty.  Mo- 
dern stories  of  miraculous  events  have 
not  the  naive  simplicity  of  the  ancient 
ones ;  they  seem  to  endeavour  to  get  too 
many  details  in  order  to  prove  truth ; 
but  by  their  assiduity  they  expose 
their  materials  too  much  to  criticism. 
La  Salette  may  in  some  measure  be 
classed  with  the  tales  of  Csesarius,  but 
the  latter  tells  his  stories  as  if  he  be- 
lieves them ;  and  in  that  he  gives  a 
lesson  that  may  not  be  disadvantageous 
at  the  present  time. 


SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH  AT  SHERBORNE. 
{Continued  from  Magazine  for  November  ^  page  443.) 


WE  believe  that  a  fair  idea  of  the 
nature  of  ordinary  Star  Chamber  pro- 
ceedings is  not  generally  entertained, 
and  until  the  publication  of  Mr. 
Bruce's  able  history  of  the  court  in  the 
Archa&ologia  (vol.  xxv.),  information 
upon  the  subject  was  not  very  acces- 
sible. The  name  of  this  court  has  been 
so  entirely  associated  with  all  that  is 
corrupt  and  unjust  in  principle,  and 
cruel  to  the  last  degree  in  practice, 
that  it  has  long  since  passed  into  a 
by-word;  and  many  oi  our  readers 
will  learn  with  surprise  that  it  was  ex- 
tensively resorted  to  by  private  indi- 
viduals as  an  ordinary  court  of  equity. 
The  excellent  theory  of  its  constitution, 
that  it  afforded  a  remedy  for  wrongs 
which  the  law  could  not  rectify,  and 
established  rights  which  could  not  be 
otherwise  obtained,  was  soon  perverted 
to  direct  interference  with  the  ordinary 
course  of  law.  For  this  purpose  the 
machinery  of  the  court  onered  many 
facilities,  and  its  judges  were  exposed 
to  all  kinds  of  "  pressure  from  with- 
out." So  extensive  was  its  grasp  that 
no  offence  in  which  life  was  not  in- 
volved was  above  its  ken,  and  so  power- 
ful its  authority,  that  no  privilege  could 
check  its  proceedings ;  it  was,  indeed, 
a  terrible  machine  for  the  gratification 
of  political  and  personal  revenge. 

Cardinal  Wolsey  is  said  to  have  la- 

Gsht.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


boured  hard  to  extend  its  operations 
in  the  direction  originally  designed 
for  them ;  and,  judging  from  the 
number  of  the  proceedings  still  in 
existence,  the  court  seems  to  have 
been  pretty  generally  used  from  his 
time.  But  the  equitable  branch  of  our 
jurisprudence  had  not  then  assumed  a 
settled  shape.  The  royal  council  was 
the  source  of  all  such  jurisdiction,  and 
in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  its 
authority  was  shared  among  the  courts 
of  Chancery,  Star-Chamber,  and  Re- 
quests. It  would  be  easy  to  adduce 
numerous  instances  of  suits  in  all  those 
courts  which  present  no  distinct  cha- 
racteristics, and  which,  from  their  na- 
ture, might  be  assigned  to  either  court 
without  impropriety.  That  the  na- 
ture of  the  Star-Chamber  court  did 
not  frighten  away  suitors  is  evident 
from  the  fact  that  for  the  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  alone  there  still  exist 
the  proceedings  in  nearly  20,000  suits, 
and  there  are  perhaps  as  many  of  the 
Court  of  Requests.  They  contain  a 
mine  of  curious  and  valuable  informa- 
tion hitherto  almost  unwrought,  though 
the  suits  are  chieflv  between  ordinary 
individuals,  and  relate  to  matters  of  a 
personal  and  private  kind.  Few  of  the 
great  victims  of  the  injustice  and  cruelty 
of  the  court  will  be  found  among  them. 
We  most  now  return  to  the  case  of 

D 


18 


Sir  Walter'  Raleigh  at  Sherborne. 


[Jan. 


Mcere  versus  Raleigh,  which  maj  be 
considered  as  an  example  of  a  large 
class  of  Star-Chamber  proceedings. 

The  "Curse  of  Sherborne"  is  the 
subject  of  a  chapter  of  Peck's  "  Desi- 
derata Curiosa,"  (lib.  xiv.  p.  5 18.)  The 
permanent  attachment  of  the  manor  to 
the  see  of  Salisbury  was  attempted  to 
be  secured  by  the  anathema  of  the  ori- 
ginal donor  upon  its  alienation;  and 
Its  supposed  fulfilment  is  one  in  the 
very  long  string  of  illustrations  of 
the  proverb  "  Light  come,  light  go." 
Hutchins  has  elaborated  the  history  of 
the  ill  fortune  of  its  possessors  and  their 
pro^uy  to  a  remarlcable  extent  for  a 
Protestant  minister.  In  Raleigh's  case, 
if  his  friends,  helpers,  and  fellow-de- 
fendants, spoke  anything  like  the  truth 
in  their  sworn  answers  to  Meere's  bill, 
the  complainant  certainly  gave  to  him 
a  foretaste  of  the  "Curse  of  Sher- 
borne." 

To  take  the  answers  of  the  defend- 
ants, a  commission  was  issued  out  of 
the  Star-Chamber,  directed  to  John 
Merefeild,  John  Budden,  John  Dac- 
combe,  and  William  Parker.  But  the 
chief  defen4ant  evaded  the  inquiry, 
leaving  his  case  to  be  made  out  by  Gil- 
bert and  his  own  servants.  If  the  de- 
famation then  indulged  in  on  this  and 
on  similar  occasions,  was  to  be  judged 
by  the  modern  interpretation  of  such 
modes  of  defence,  Raleigh's  case  was  a 
bad  one  indeed.  Several  of  the  de- 
fendants confined  themselves  to  simply 
denying  their  complicity  in  the  assaults, 
&c.  while  others  abused  the  plaintiff 
and  his  attorney  in  most  unmistakeable 
terms. 

John  Lynser  (or  Lynsor)  alleges 
malice  agamst  Meere  for  bringing  nis 
suit,  inasmuch  as — 

He  takes  it  shonlde  seeme  a  felicytie  in 
such  his  maliciowse  and  wicked  conten- 
cioDS,  havinge  heretofore  moste  Tayoglo- 
riously  aad  ungodly  gyven  owte  that  he  ys 
borne  and  sente  from  God  to  torment  and 
plague  the  men  of  this  worlde,  not  exer- 
cisinge  theise  his  maliciouse  injuries 
against  his  poore  neighbours  only,  but 
sufferinge  also  his  loose  and  lewde  tonge 
w***  most  unciviU  and  mysbeleevinge  lan- 
guage lavishly  to  slaander  the  moste  parte 
of  the  knightes,  magistrates,  and  beste  ap- 
proved gentlemen  in  the  coantie  of  Dorset, 
where  he  for  the  moste  parte  abideth,  not 
sparioge  w*'*  nicknames  and  other  lyke 
skomes  most  lewdly  to  abase  and  deryde 
them  not  only  in  their  oomon  and  private 


demeanour,  but  forbeareth  not  also  to 
towch  them  w*''  scandalowse  ymputacion 
in  pointe  of  justice. 

As  to  his  taking  assay  of  beer  in  op- 
position to  the  complainant,  it  was 
owing  to  the  extortions  he  had  com- 
mitted upon  the  tenants,  so  that  the 
steward,  by  the  direction  of  Raleigh, 
and  "  with  the  goode  will  and  likinge 
of  all  or  the  moste  parte  of  the  tenants 
and  inhabitants,  and  by  a  sufficient 
jury  ympanelled  and  sworne  in  a  leete 
holden  within  the  same  liberties,  did 
make  choyse  of  and  appointe  this  de- 
fendant to  be  the  ale  taster  there.** 
Lawrence  Michell,  in  general  defence 
of  what  had  passed,  says  that  Meere, 
"  beinge  a  man  heretofore  justly  ac- 
cused and  convicted  of  many  notorious 
misdemeanours  agaynst  the  state  and 
civill  government  of  this  real  me  of 
England,  and  beinge  lawfully  and  up- 
pon  good  consideracions  dismissed  by 
the  said  Sir  Walter  Ralegh,  having 
published  suche  his  dismyssion  in  wry t- 
mge  (sealed  with  his  seal)  in  the  parishe 
churche  and  courte  of  Sherborne,"  and 
having  granted  the  same  to  Robert 
Dolbery,  "  which  said  dismyssion,  pub- 
lication, and  graunt  to  the  said  Dol- 
berry  were  before  any  of  the  said  sup- 
posed riotts,"  defendant  was  appointed 
his  deputy,  and  executed  the  office  of 
under- bailifif  there,  but  not  in  a  riot- 
ous manner.  "  And  complainant  beinge 
soe  much  indebted  and  otherwise  in- 
cumbred  w***  troubles  that  he  durst  not 
shewe  himself  in  the  open  streete  from 
his  owne  gate,  eyther  to  execute  his 
office,  or  for  other  business,"  sets  Ids 
deputies  to  work ;  whose  characters  are 
no  better  than  their  master's.  To  shew 
Meere's  quarrelsome  disposition,  he  is 
said  to  have  so  many  actions  on  foot 
in  various  courts  as  to  have  in  suit 
above  60  persons. 

Thus  witness  after  witness  subscribes 
to  the  same  estimate  of  Meere's  cha- 
racter ;  and  Richard  Masters  thus  ex- 
poses his  antecedents,  and  traces  his 
connection  with  Raleigh,  for  which 
this  defendant  seems  to  have  been  per- 
sonally accountable.  With  a  toucn  of 
virtuous  indignation  he  concludes  his 
talc  with  a  moral.    Complainant 

hath  little  reason  thus  to  vei  the  said 
defendant,  eyther  in  this  honourable  Court 
or  els  [where],  by  byndinge  oter  this  de- 
fendant to  the  peace  from  Assises  to 
Assises,  beinge  of  the  sge  of  vthmoore 


1854.] 


Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  Sherborne, 


19 


jere  and  upwardei,  as  he  hath  lately  done, 
without  cawae  onlie  of  malice  to  yex  this 
defendant  nnjustly,  and  to  putt  him  to 
wrongfuUe  costes  and  expences,  yf  the 
complain*  would  but  iDdifferently  consider 
what  good  this  defend*  hath  done  for  the 
oompl* ;  ffor*it  is  well  knowne  that  this  de- 
fend* att  such  time  as  the  compl*  was  ym- 
prisoned  in  or  abonte  London  for  diminish- 
inge  of  her  Majestie's  coyne,  where  he 
faye  eaten  w**^  lyce,  for  soe  poore  and  base 
was  his  estate,  that  he  had  not  wherew*^ 
to  releeve  himself,  havinge  not  longe  before 
■olde  such  poore  implementes  as  he  had  in 
Sherborne  aforesaid,  and  pryvilie  gott  him 
self  from  thence  to  London,  where  he  used 
the  trade  of  clippinge  of  her  Majestie's 
coyne  currant  within  this  realme,  ffor  w*=^ 
canse  he  was  justly  condempned,  and  hav- 
inge by  meanes  gotten  her  Majestie*s 
pardon  for  this  wicked  acte  was  soe  much 
decayed  that  he  had  not  sufficient  to  pay 
the  ffees  therof  (nor  such  ffees  and  other 
datyes  as  did  appertayne  to  his  keeper  and 
other  officers  that  had  the  care  and  cus- 
todie  of  him  duringe  that  tyme  of  his  ym- 
prisonement),  nntiU  such  tyme  as  the  said 
S'  Walter  Ralegh,  named  in  the  said  Bill, 
oomynge  to  Sherborne,  this  defend*  ac- 
quainted the  same  S'  Walter  Ralegh  w*>^ 
some  matter  wherein  the  compl*  might 
gere  light  unto  the  said  S'  Walter  Ralegh 
towchinge  his  mannour  and  other  revenues 
of  and  aboute  Sherborne.  And  theruppon 
the  said  S'  Walter  Ralegh  comynge  ac- 
quaynted  w***  the  compl*  toke  order  for  the 
compf**  release,  and  imployed  him  in  great 
matters  in  and  abowte  Sherborne,  wherby 
he  hath  benifitted  himself  to  the  valewe  of 
three  thowsand  poundes  at  least,  as  this 
def*  veryly  beleeveth.  All  w<^*»  notwith- 
Btandinge,  such  is  the  prowde  and  arabi- 
ciouse  condicion  of  the  compl*,  beinge  full 
fraight  w*h  mallice  and  envy,  spareth  not 
to  oppose  himself  agaynst  the  said  S' 
Walter  Ralegh,  whoe  hath  soe  much  beni- 
fitted him,  and  vexeth  this  defend*  alsoe 
(w*^  multiplicity  of  suytes),  that  was  the 
meanes  and  occasion  thereof,  as  he  hath 
allwayes  accostomed  to  doe  to  others, 
takinge  a  felicitie  therein  as  it  seemeth, 
wherby  to  veryfy  the  olde  sayinge  :  "  That 
he  that  saveth  a  theefe  from  the  gallowes 
must  expect  some  crosse  or  badd  dealinge 
afterwardes  from  such  theifes  handes." 

George  Morgan,  after  personally 
pleading  not  guilty,  says  in  reference 
to  the  affair  of  the  stocks, 

And  yet,  nevertheles,  the  sayde  def* 
snyth  that  yt  was  noe  newe  or  straunge 
thinge  to  the  saide  compl*  to  be  stocked, 
beinge  a  roan  of  suche  base  and  lewde  con- 
dicion, as  ys  manifested  by  dyvers  records 
41  well  at  WestmS  as  aUo  by  lawfull  pro- 


ceedinges  againste  him  at  thassises  and 
quarter  sessions  in  the  country ;  nether 
did  the  country  soe  greatly  dislyke  of  such 
stockinge  of  the  said  compl*  as  he  pleadeth. 
But  contrarywise  the  people  of  the  country 
soe  much  rejoyced  thereat  that  at  a  place 
called  Yetmyster,  neere  Sherborne  afore- 
said, upon  knowledge  thereof  to  them 
gyven,  as  this  defend*  hath  bene  crediblie 
enformed,  they  went  ymeadiatly  to  the 
churche  and  did  rynge  owte  the  bells. 

And  Yetminster  not  then  having 
men  enough  there  to  ring  all  the  bells, 
the  women  helped  them  to  ring  *'  for 
joy  that  soe  lewde  a  company  on  was 
soe  justly  ponyshed,  beinge  a  man  in 
their  judgm*  soe  infamouse  that  they 
coulde  not  sufficiently  rejoyce  at  his 
fall."  Instances  of  Meere's  depraved 
disposition  are  then  given ;  Morgan 
says  he  is  known  to  have  been  often 
times  before  set  in  the  stocks ;  many 
times  committed  to  the  common  gaol, 
and  bound  to  good  behaviour  **  for  his 
many  owtrages  done  against  the  peace 
and  quyett  government  of  this  realme;** 
he  has  received  the  queen's  pardon 
for  "dymynishinge**  the  coin  ;  he  has 
often  been  **  questioned  in  this  honor- 
able corte"  for  forgeries,  and  com- 
mitted to  the  Fleet  therefrom.  Sub- 
sequent to  all  this,  viz.  on  last  Christ- 
mas Day  twelvemonth,  he  intruded 
during  divine  service  into  a  seat  in 
Sherborne  Church  with  John  Stocker, 
esq.  now  sheriff,  and  placed  a  servant 
of  his,  a  common  drunkard,  in  another 
chief  seat  of  the  church,  and  his  wife 
in  a  seat  he  had  newly  erected,  which 
was  shortly  after  taken  down  by  order 
from  the  ordinary  of  the  diocese. 

Edward  Standen  gives  a  long  expla- 
nation about  the  bargaining  between 
Raleigh  and  Meere  for  the  copyhold 
tenements.  This  property  had  been 
underlet  by  Meere  to  John  Leaves, 
upon  whose  death  his  widow  had  a 
right  to  a  renewal  on  paying  a  fine. 
Standen  seems  to  have  wanted  the 
holding,  Meere  desired  to  get  it  again 
into  his  hands,  and  Raleigh  had  also  a 
similar  wish,  if  even  he  had  not  been 
prompting  Standen  throughout.  Meere 
seems  to  have  told  Standen  he  had 
better  marry  the  widow,  and  so  obtain 
her  goodwill  in  the  tenements ;  but, 
by  his  connection  with  her  before  that 
ceremony  was  performed,  he  contended 
that  the  widow's  right  was  forfeited,  as 
was  the  custom  in  many  manors.  Stan? 


20 


Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  Sherborne. 


[Jan. 


den  then  attacks  Meere's  character  in 
similar  terms  to  those  used  by  the 
other  defendants,  adding," that  he  "  did 
also  cawse  his  father's  harte  to  breake 
with  care ;"  he  repeats  the  story  of 
Meere's  being  obliged  to  leave  Sher- 
borne, so  "  viperousTy  "  had  he  behaved 
there,  and  of  his  imprisonment  in  the 
Compter  for  clipping  the  coin. 

Adrian  Gilbert  himself  comes  for- 
ward, and  his  statement  supplies  some 
curious  particulars.  Above  two  years 
ago  Meere  told  him  that  Raleigh  might, 
on  Sir  Matthew  Arundel's  death,  ap- 
point him  Constable  of  Sherborne 
Castle,  the  authority  of  which  office, 
he  said,  was  equal  to  that  of  Constable 
of  the  Tower  of  London,  and  promised 
he  would  search  the  records  of  the 
Tower  to  prove  the  same  ;  upon  which 
defendant  (being  brother  of  Sir  Walter 
Haleigh)  obtained  a  patent  or  grant  of 
the  same  office  from  him.  He  avows 
the  licence  to  Lambe  to  kill  flesh  in 
Lent,  who  had  been  licensed  so  to  do 
in  former  years,  and  Sir  Walter  ap- 
proved of  his  doing  so,  as  a  physician 
then  dwelt  in  the  town  who  desired 
such  permission  should  be  given  to 
some  one.  He  generally  denies  the 
assaults  and  rescues  said  to  have  been 
committed  by  him  upon  Meere.  In 
describing  his  own  capture  on  the  16th 
of  August,  he  speaks  of  it  as  a  violent, 
assault  committed  by  Meere  and  his 
armed  servants,  who  showed  no  war- 
rant, and  answered  his  inquiries  by 
saying  **  it  is  for  the  Queen."  The 
evidence  of  others  as  to  this  matter  is 
to  the  effect  that  Mecre's  conduct  was 
most  gross.  William  ;Deane  says  Gil- 
bert was  an  aged  and  corpulent  man, 
and  so  the  people  were  enraged  at 
such  treatment  of  a  man  of  his  sort 
and  quality  by  such  a  fellow  as  Meere. 
"  Kill  hym,  stabbe  hym,  if  he  will  not 
yelde,"  are  said  to  have  been  Mecre's 
cries  to  his  assistants.  In  the  *'  hurly- 
burly"  that  ensued  by  the  people  flock- 
ing together,  Gilbert  escaped.  Upon 
this,  complainant  and  Henry  Meere, 
"  a  justice  of  peace,"  required  Raleigh 
and  other  justices  to  examine  concern- 
ing the  riot;  the  result  of  which  was 
that  Meere  and  his  friends  were  <le- 
clared  guilty.  As  to  the  transaction 
with  the  tailor,  he  admits  being  "  muche 
moved,'*  because  he  could  not  get  all 
his  clothes  sent  home,  so  he  took  from 
the  man*s   servant  his  doublet   and 


breeches,  but  covered  him  with  a  cloak, 
and  sent  him  back  to  his  master.  His 
master  was  not,  however,  so  easily 
moved  as  he  (Gilbert)  was,  for  the 
srevant's  clothes  were  returned,  but 
the  tailor  still  kept  his  customer's. 
As  to  riding  with  the  dirty  horse's  legs 
through  winnowed  corn  Gilbert  ex- 
plains the  whole  affair,  thus :  riding  in 
the  streets  of  Sherborne,  and  turning 
short  at  a  corner,  he  found  Wynchell's 
wife  winnowing  corn  there,  and,  the 
wind  blowing  the  chaff  and  dust  in  his 
face  and  eyes,  he  begged  her  to  stop 
till  he  passed ;  this  she  refused  to  do, 
and  he  then  told  her  it  was  not  a 
proper  place  to  winnow  corn  in.  This 
rebuke  being  received  with  defiance, 
Gilbert  turned  his  horse  and  rode  it 
through  the  corn,  but  it  was  not  a 
penny  the  worse  for  it.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
\V.  and  a  friend  then  took  the  law  into 
'their  own  hands,  "and  came  in  fu- 
riouse  sorte  upon  the  defend*  and  used 
violence  upon  him,"  and  in  the  struggle 
"he  might  happely  take  Wynchell's 
wife  by  the  head,  shee  strykinge  at  this 
defend*  w***  her  seave."  He  denies  the 
speech  imputed  to  him  threatening  the 
noses  of  those  who  found  fault  with 
him.  He  then  repeats  the  story  of 
Mecre's  evil  character  and  disposition, 
adding  that  without  provocation  he  has 
openly  reviled  him  m  Sherborne,  and 
calledhim  *'gorbellycdrascalI,  drunken 
roge,  fowle  loober,  toade,  and  other 
vyie  names,  suche  as  almoste  fleshe  and 
bloode  coulde  not  disgeste,"  all  of 
which  he  allowed  to  pass  unnoticed. 
In  conclusion,  Gilbert  suggests  that 
Meere  is  supported  in  these  legal  pro- 
ceedings "by  some  other  person  of 
better  abylitie  then  him  selfe  ys,"  and 
says  that  Mecre's  brother,  Henry,  the 
justice,  had  told  him  (Gilbert)  that  a 
gentleman  who  **  might  dispende  a 
thowsande  poundes  by  the  yere" 
ofTered,  upon  Mecre's  relation  of  his 
grievances,  to  defray  all  his  law  charges 
m  the  case. 

It  will  be  recollected  that  Meere 
said  he  was  in  danger  of  his  life  from 
the  servants  of  Raleigh,  who  had  pro- 
mised to  bear  them  harmless  in  all  they 
did.  Meere  was  standing  at  his  door 
talking  to  a  neighbour  when  he  saw 
Adrian  Gilbert  and  WilliamDeane,  one 
of  Raleigh's  servants,  coming.  Draw- 
ing his  dagger,  swearing  God's  wounds, 
and  greeting  Deane  as  a  i9urderer> 


1854.] 


Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  Sherborne. 


21 


Meere  said, "  Sir  Walter  Ralegh  keepcs 
tJiee  to  murther  mee,  and  &th  pro- 
mised thee  a  pardon ;  but  when  I  am 
deadd,  he  will  sufier  thee  to  be  hanged 
as  he  hath  don  the  rest.**  Deane  then 
drew  liis  dagger,  but  Meere  retired  to 
his  house,  and  on  looking  out  of  the 
window  Deane  told  him  he  had  a  "  figg 
for  him  in  his  pockett,"  meaning  a  war- 
rant for  his  arrest,  but  Meere  thought 
he  meant  the  dagger.  These  remarks 
of  Meere  were  reported  to  Sir  George 
Trenchard  and  other  justices  ;  but  the 
witness  did  not  know  if  they  were  to 
the  Privy  Council,  though  he  heard 
Meere  was  sent  for  by  a  pursuivant. 

Although  it  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  verjr  prominently  brought  for- 
ward, as  mdeed  it  would  not  be  con- 
sidering Meere  was  here  complainant, 
there  is  no  doubt  that  in  the  course  of 
these  disputes  Raleigh  had  been  touched 
upon  a  very  tender  point.  After  the 
romantic  circumstances  of  their  early 
connection,  and  what  Raleigh  had  suf- 
fered on  account  of  his  passionate  and 
sincere  attachment  to  his  valued  wife, 
it  could  scarce  be  brooked,  that,  in 
sharing  his  retirement  from  courtly 
troubles  and  jealousies,  her  name  should 
be  the  public  subject  of  idle  talk,  and 
be  spoKen  "  undecently "  of  from  a 
casement;  but  so  it  was. 

Meere's  wife,  according  to  her  hus- 
band*s  admission,  was  heard  by  Wil- 
liam Sweete  at  ^'aboute  Easter  last 
was  twelve  moneth  *'  to  be  talking  out 
of  a  casement  of  her  house  with  Wil- 
liam Dean,  one  of  Raleigh's  servants, 
and  to  "speake  undecent  wordes  con- 
cerning the  Lady  Ralegh." 

Meere  himself  seems  to  have  been 
greatly  alarmed  at  this,  for  he  presently 
rebuked  his  wife,  and,  when  Dean  said 
he  would  call  witnesses  to  the  words, 
said  that  he  himself  would  bear  witness 
that  his  wife  had  spoken  foolishly.  A 
"  noate  of  the  same  wordes  "  seems  to 
have  been  drawn  up  by  Dolberry, 
probably  for  the  purpose  of  proceed- 
ing upon,  and  some  of  Mccre's  inter- 
rogatories are  framed  to  ascertain 
whether  other  words  than  those  used 
by  his  wife  had  not  been  introduced  in 
the  note. 

Having  gone  through  all  that  was 
said  in  reply  to  Meere's  complaint,  we 
miss  the  answer  of  the  principal  de- 
fendant. Raleigh  did  not  choose  to 
reply;   and  Mr.  Collier  is  doubtless 


right  in  inferring  that  he  had  influence 
enough  to  be  permitted  to  maintain 
silence  upon  the  subject.  That  Meere 
was  no  party  to  any  arrangement  is 
shown  by  the  following  petition  (which 
was  addressed  to  the  Court  of  Star 
Chamber,  or  the  Council  generally), 
that  Raleigh  should  be  compelled  to 
answer  forthwith.  It  is  without  date. 
Meere  Pl»  S'     )       ,^,     i,      ui 

Walter  Ralegh  ?t\    ^        ^         "" 

Defend'  )     of  Jo^^^  Meere. 

The  peticioner  sheweth  that  he  hath 
exhibited  a  Bill  of  complaint  la  the  highe 
Court  of  Starr  Chamber,  wherein  he  shew- 
eth that,  beinge  Bayleflfe  of  the  libertie  of 
Sberbom,  in  the  Countie  of  Dorsett, 
whereby  he  hath  the  exccucion  and  re- 
torne  of  her  Majesties  writts  in  twoe 
greate  hundreds,  That  the  sayd  S'  Walter 
Raleighe,  w*^  others,  in  ryotoas  manner 
have  rescued  dy vers  prisoners  there  frendes, 
arrested  and  taken  by  the  peticioner,  as 
well  upon  capias  titlagaV  as  upon  ezecu- 
cioo,  and  imprisoned  the  peticioner  in  the 
stockes  for  executinge  the  same,  and  hath 
by  force  put  the  complainant  from  exe- 
cutinge of  the  same  office,  whereof  he 
hath  been  tcnn  yeres  quietly  possest. 

The  ))cticioner  sheweth  also  that  he  hath 
in  Trinitie  terme  last  served  proces  on  S' 
Walter  Raleighe  to  answere  the  sayd  Byll, 
but  dothe  not,  Mr.  Writington  his  attor- 
ney afiirminge  that  your  Honoris  pleasure 
is  his  answere  shalbe  respited. 

The  peticioner  humbly  prayeth  that  he 
may  forthwith  answere  the  same,  the 
rather  for  that  the  peticioner,  by  tryall 
upon  fjectione  firma  at  the  last  assises,  in 
an  action  layd  in  Sherborne,  where  S*^ 
Walter  Raleighe  dwelleth,  by  a  jury  of  his 
own  freholders,  the  peticioner  recovered 
the  same  Bayliwick,  whereof  by  many 
frayes  and  fightinge  in  fayres  and  mar- 
kettes  the  peticioner  was  put  out  to  the 
greate  disturbance  of  her  Majesties  ser- 
vice, the  troble  of  the  Lord  Lievtennant  of 
that  County,  the  Justices  of  Assise,  and 
other  Justices  of  peace,  and  to  the  wronge 
of  many  that  by  meanes  thereof  cannot 
have  her  Majesties  writts  duly  executed 
and  apparance  upon  the  same,  the  same 
office  beinge  uowe  executen  by  usurpacion. 

Raleigh  could  not  legally  justify  his 
violence  to  Meere,  and  if  he  had  any 
real  answer  to  the  complaint  it  could 
only  be,  as  some  of  the  defendants 
avowed,  that  he  who  could  make  could 
un-make,  and  he  had  chosen  to  dismiss 
his  bailiff  and  appoint  another;  but 
the  operation  was  as  difficult  as  that  of 
unfrocking  a  priest.  We  have  seen 
how  all  was  done  that  could  be  done 


22 


Sir  Walter  Baleigh  at  Sherborne. 


[Jan. 


to  destroy  the  effect  of  the  complainant's 
statements  by  damaging  his  cnaracter ; 
but,  if  the  statements  in  this  petition 
are  to  be  relied  on,  and  they  were  too 
open  to  contradiction  to  be  lin^htly 
made,  we  see  in  it  an  account  of  the 
virtual  termination  of  Raleigh*s  at- 
tempts to  oust  his  bailiff.  Meere  was 
undoubtedly  right  in  law,  for  he  re- 
covered the  bailiwick  by  means  of  a 
jury  of  his  own  freeholders  in  an  action 
laid  at  Sherborne  ;  though  he  had  not, 
at  the  time  of  his  petition,  been  actu- 
ally re-instated  in  office. 

To   attempt  to  weigh  the   proba- 
bilities of  the  evidence  affecting  Meere's 
character  would  not  be  a  profitable,  if 
an  easy,  task. 

We  may  doubtless  assume  the  entire 
truth  of  Masters's  statement  as  to 
Meere*s  first  connection  with  Raleigh 
having  for  its  purpose  the  working  of 
his  then  newly- acquired  property  at 
Sherborife  to  the  best  advantage. 
Looking  through  other  proceedings  in 
the  Star  Chamber  during  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  we  have  met  with  several 
evidences  of  his  litigious  disposition, 
and  from  them  have  been  gathered 
some  personal  details  of  interest. 

The  principal  suit  is  one  by  Meere 
against  Henry  Viscount  Bindon,  the 
elder  brother  of  Thomas  Lord  Bindon 
of  Raleigh's  case,  and  George  Tilley, 
Esq.  of  Poyntington,  Somerset.  It 
bears  some  analogy  to  the  subsequent 
complaint  against  Raleigh,  and  esta- 
blishes the  truth  of  those  witnesses 
who  alleged  that  Meere  had  known 


well  what  "  stocking"  was,  for  he  there 
complains  of  having  been  twice  put  in 
the  stocks,  and  on  one  of  those  occa- 
sions that  he  was  kept  there,  in  a  place 
where  swine  slept,  for  sixteen  or  seven- 
teen hours  during  a  tempestuous  night.* 
The  quarrel  seems  in  this  case  to  have 
been  owing  to  Meere's  having  courted 
Tilley 's  daughter  Anne  in  opposition  to 
her  parents,  and  Lord  Bindon  having 
assisted  Tilley  in  driving  Meere  away 
by  various  annoyances,  as  he  had  of- 
fended Bindon  by  demurring  to  the 
assessment  of  200/.  at  which  Bindon 
had  rated  him.  John  Meere  was  then 
a  young  man,  of  sufficient  abilities  and 
education  as  a  lawyer,  but  of  very 
moderate  circumstances,  and  looking 
about  for  the  best  mode  of  turning  to 
account  what  he  possessed.  Twice  had 
he  so  crossed  Lord  Bindon*s  path  that 
Meere  narrowly  escaped  personal  vio- 
lence ;  on  one  of  those  occasions  Bindon 
threatened  to  thrust  his  dagger  through 
Meere's  cheek  for  offering  him  a  sub- 
poena out  of  the  Star  Chamber. 

Lord  Bindon  seems  to  have  behaved 
in'  an  extraordinary  manner  upon  the 
bench  of  justices,  and  to  have  treated 
'some  of  his  fellow-magistrates  most 
contemptuously . I  The  details  are  given 
of  his  adjudication  of  a  case  in  which 
the  principles  of  Mai  thus  were  set  en- 
tirely at  defiance.J  He  told  Meere  he 
would  use  him  as  he  (Bindon)  had 
been  used  by  the  Council, — commit  him 
first,  and  hear  him  afterwards.§  Meere 
declared  that  he  and  Tilley's  daughter 
were  regularly  contracted ;  and,  as  to 


*  On  one  occasion  Tilley,  abusing  Meere,  told  him  he  had  money  enough  left  to 
buy  a  rope  to  hang  Meere  at  Tybome.  "  Aba!"  rejoined  Meere,  '*  so  you  have 
money  enough  to  buy  a  halter  to  hang  yourself  at  Wapping/'  For  this  repartee  he 
was  at  once  committed  to  the  stocks. 

f  At  the  sessions  at  Bridport  he  is  said  to  have  taken  an  oath  "  with  his  hatt  on 
his  headd,  not  once  movinge  the  same,  neither  to  God,  her  Ma*'*,  or  the  place  he  was 
in."  At  another  time  he  told  Mr.  Christopher  Percy,  who  said  Meere  ought  to  be 
heard,  that  his  own  ape  was  more  fit  to  be  a  justice  than  he. 

X  The  story  should  have  for  its  hero  the  Merry  Monarch  himself.  At  Sherborne 
sessions  one  Brooke  was  charged  with  the  paternity  of  "  three  children  at  one  byrtb," 
for  which  the  justices  would  have  fined  him  40*. ;  but  Lord  Bindon  would  not  consent 
to  such  a  punishment,  and  earnestly  entreated  the  Bench  to  let  him  have  the  assessing 
of  the  fine.  On  their  agreeing.  Lord  Bindon,  *'  in  the  face  of  the  countie  of  Dorset,'' 
pronounced  this  judgment  on  the  offender,  io  a  most  severe  tone  of  voice  ;  *'  Brooke, 
because  thou  hast  gotten  three  children  thou  shalt  for  thy  punishment  every  mominge 
fastinge  take  a  cupp  of  the  best  ale  thou  canst  gett,  and  drincke  yt  with  three  new 
layed  egges ! " 

§  All  the  owners  of  the  title  seem  to  have  had  a  taste  of  the  Starchamber.  In  the 
fourth  year  of  Elizabeth  the  first  Lord  Bindon  was  fined  100/.  for  calling  a  man  who 
deposed  against  him  *'  a  knave."  If  this  rate  of  fining  for  such  language  had  been  put 
in  force  it  would  have  produced  a  considerable  sum  even  in  Raleigh  and  Meere's  CMe. 


1854.] 


Cambridge  in  the  Last  Century, 


23 


their  respective  circumstances,  William 
Meere  his  grandfather,  when  he  died, 
^^was  of  such  welth  that  yf  all  the 
landes  and  goodes  that  Tilley  now  hath 
had  bene  to  have  bene  sold,  he  had  ben 
able  to  have  bought  him  out  of  all, 
and  men  of  great  worship  were  be- 
holden to  him  for  money."  As  to 
Meere*s  early  life,  we  find  that  his 
father  had  four  sons,  all  of  whom  be  is 
said  to  have  kept  at  the  study  of  the 
common  law,  and  all  were  fellows  of 
the  Inner  Temple.  So  that  it  appears 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  his  future 
bailiff  and  plague  must  have  been  al- 
most fellow-students;  at  least  they 
were  residents  in  difierent  divisions  of 
the  same  inn  at  about  the  same  time. 

Speaking  of  his  ancestry,  Meere  in- 
dulges in  a  singular  tale,  which  may 
have  had  some  foundation  in  fact.  His 
first  ancestor  that  came  to  dwell  in 
the  county  of  Dorset  was,  on  account 
of  wars  in  the  North,  where  he  first 
dwelt,  *^  driven  to  flye  into  the  countie 
of  Dorset,  bringinge  with  him  a  caskett 
of  gold,"  which  was  kept  by  Meere*s 
grandfather  as  an  "especiall  thin^e"  to 
be  preserved.  He  bought  two  hvings, 
one  in  Bindon,  the  other  in  Chawdone. 

Meere,  therefore,  was  lawyer  enough 
to  indulge  in  law,  and  not  to  dread 
it ;  his  case  was  certainly  well  got  up, 
and  his  interrogatories  (especially  m 
Ralcigh^s  affair)  are  a  model  of  the 
forensic  pleading  of  the  time.  In  ano- 
ther suit,  commenced  five  years  before 
that  against  Kaleigh,  but  some  years 
after  his  engagement  by  him,  Meere 
speaks  of  his  own  circumstances  as 
"  decayed,"  and  of  the  court  of  Star- 
chamber  as  a  court  of  "  such  charge  " 
that  the  person  of  whom  he  complained 
had  there  sued  him,  thinking  he  would 
not  be  able  to  follow  in  it. 

By  another  proceeding  in  the  same 
court  we  also  see  a  little  of  Dolberry's 
earlier  days.  Alice  Meere,  the  mother 
of  our  complainant,  charges  him  (in 


1593)  with  some  sad  misdemeanors. 
He  is  said  to  belong  to  the  class  of 
^'  solicitors"  to  which  the  suits  in  that 
court  had  given  rise,  and  to  have  gone 
about  provoking  people  against  each 
other  for  the  sake  of  his  bringing  suits 
for  them.  So  he  had  got  hold  of  Thomas 
Swetman,  who  is  described  in  words 
which  would  not  now  be  understood 
in  the  sense  then  conveyed  by  them, 
as  "  a  man  easilie  to  be  wrought  to  put 
in  practise  an  v  proud  or  glorious  action 
what  soever;'  and  persuaded  liim  to 
bring  a  bill  of  complaint  against  Alice 
Meere  and  her  sons  Kobert  and  John. 
Out  of  this  charge  Dolberry  thought 
something  would  come  to  him,  and  he 
cared  not  how  his  condition  could  be 
improved,  as  he  was  *^  brought  to  so 
low  an  ebb  as  that  he  ys  not  able  to 
bringe  meate  to  his  table  but  upon 
borowing  and  chiftinge."  He  is  also 
charged  with  being  a  party  to  the  forg- 
ing of  certain  fines,  receiving  the  fees 
usually  paid  for  such  documents  when 
genuine.  Besides  a  formal  objection 
to  the  bill,  Dolberry's  answer  consists 
of  a  general  plea  of  not  guilty,  con- 
tained in  two  short  lines.  He,  too,  was 
probably  in  needy  circumstances  when 
the  state  of  Raleigh's  differences  with 
Meere  caused  him  to  be  taken  by  the 
hand.  His  ^^  making  a  noatc"  of  the 
talk  out  of  a  window  by  Mrs.  Meere, 
who  "  belied  a  lady  "  to  one  of  Raleigh's 
servants,  may  be  worth  comparing  with 
that  of  the  notorious  Dogberry^s  un- 
ravelment  of  the  main  plot  of  ^^  Much 
Ado  about  Nothing,"  by  bringing  to 
justice  those  who  had  slandered  Hero 
by  similar  means. 

To  such  a  length  have  the  proceed- 
ings themselves  required  notice  that 
our  comments  have  been  necessarily 
brief;  but  it  will  be  no  soui*ce  of  re- 
gret to  our  readers  that  the  foundation 
has  received  more  attention  than  the 
superstructnre. 

J.B. 


MANNERS  AND  MORALS  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CAMBRIDGE 

DURING  THE  LAST  CENTURY. 


THE  collections  made  by  the  Rev. 
William  Cole  of  Milton  upon  every 
subject  which  came  in  his  way  that 
had  any  bearing  upon  matters  of  his- 
tory or  antiquities,  topography  or  bio- 
graphy, are  so  volununous  and  so  dif- 


fuse, that,  after  having  been  for  many 
vears  laid  open  to  public  use,  they 
nave  never  yet  been  fully  explored, 
and  perhaps  never  will  be.  To  arrange 
and  digest  their  contents  would  re- 
quire a  life  equally  industrious  with 


24 


Manners  and  Morals  of 


[Jan. 


his,  and  a  judgment  far  more  com- 
prehensive and  discriminative.  Nor 
are  they  as  a  whole  worth  such  trou- 
ble. His  more  important  materials 
are  interspersed  with  many  that  are 
trifling,  and  many  merely  formal  and 
uninteresting  documents.  Almost  any- 
thing that  may  be  derived  from  his 
stores  requires  to  be  gleaned  from  se- 
veral volumes  of  this  absolute  library 
of  manuscript,  and  to  be  reduced  to 
some  proportions  of  form  and  arrange- 
ment by  editorial  care.  These  diffi- 
culties, however,  are  compensated  by 
the  advantage  of  a  remarkably  plain 
handwriting  and  the  appliances  of  va- 
rious indexes. 

We  are  sorry  that  no  Editor  has 
hitherto  had  the  courage  to  undertake 
the  arrangement  of  Cole's  collections 
for  a  work  correspondent  to  Wood's 
great  Walhalla  of  tne  sister  university. 
— an  "AthensB  Cantabrigienses."  We 
have  heard  from  time  to  time  of  such 
intentions,  but  we  fear  that  the  enter- 
prise has  ever  and  again  proved  too 
arduous  for  ordinary  perseverance.  It 
is  a  task  which  would  be  best  accom- 
plished by  the  co-operation  of  more 
labourers  than  one,  and  which  would 
demand,  of  course,  many  other  sources 
of  information  than  those  provided  by 
Cole. 

One  of  the  most  curious  features  of 
Cole's  collections  consists  in  his  details 
of  petty  occurrences,  and  the  gossiping 
anecdotes  of  his  contemporaries,  on 
account  of  the  existence  of  which  his 
manuscript  library  was  for  many  years 
shut  up  from  the  scrutiny  of  his  sur- 
vivors. These  garrulities,  though  they 
may  not  raise  our  estimation  of  the 
moral  qualities  of  their  writer,  who 
certainly  stretched  his  propensities 
both  of  prying  and  of  chronicling  to 
limits  only  exceeded  by  his  cacoethes 
scribendi,  have  now  become  a  source  of 
information  from  which  may  at  least 
be  gathered  some  general  impressions 
of  the  manners  and  sentiments  of^his 
day,  after  every  allowance  has  been 
made  for  personal  antipathies  and  a 
love  of  scandal  and  detraction. 


In  the  anecdotes  of  last-century  Vir- 
tuosi which  were  extracted  from  Mr. 
Cole's  MSS.  in  our  September  Maga- 
zine, occurred  the  name  of  his  "  friend" 
Dr.  Ewin.  This  was  a  person  who, 
from  his  position  as  a  busy  magistrate 
in  the  town  of  Cambridge,  and  other 
circumstances,  appears  to  have  been 
especially  unpopular  among  the  young 
men  of  the  university.  Cole  has  ever 
and  anon  made  entry  in  his  registers 
of  the  attacks  which  were  made  upon 
this  obnoxious  character  by  parties 
whose  enmity  or  ill-opinion  he  had 
excited  by  his  irritability  and  over- 
bearing conduct,  and  on  one  occasion 
by  a  still  more  serious  offence. 

If  we  take  the  trouble  to  trace  out 
the  history  of  Dr.  Ewin,  it  will  not  be 
in  honour  of  the  individual,  but  in  il- 
lustration of  University  life  and  man- 
ners eighty  years  ago. 

It  appears  that  William  Howell 
Ewin  was  the  representative  of  an  old 
Cambridge  family.  Thomas  Ewen  was 
one  of  the  four  bailiffs  of  the  corpora- 
tion of  Cambridge  in  1472.*  John 
Ewin,  who  was  an  alderman  of  Cam- 
bridge,t  and  died  in  1668,  had  by  his 
first  wife  Joseph  Ewin  of  Cambridge, 
doctor  of  medicine,  and  by  his  third 
wife  Thomas  Ewin,  who  also  was  alder- 
man of  the  town,  and  died  in  1684. 
Cole  gives  a  pedigi'ee  of  the  immediate 
connections  of  these  parties ; J  and  in 
the  same  place  he  remarks : 

1774,  May  10.  Dr.  Ewin  quarters  2d 
and  3d,  Az.  a  wolf  saliant  holding  a  plate 
argent,  on  a  chief  gu.  three  towers  arg.  It 
is  false  heraldry  ;  however,  it  was  on  his 
chariot  when  he  and  Sir  Walter  Rawlinson 
drank  tea  with  me  at  Milton.  I  make  no 
doubt  for  Howell,  as  it  is  made  out  of  two 
different  coats  of  that  name.  The  Doctor's 
mother  was  only  child  to  old  Mr.  Howell, 
coal-merchant,  at  Cambridge.  I  heard 
him  say,  a°  1779,  at  Sir  John  Cotton's 
table  at  Madingley,  that  his  ancestor  was 
a  quack  doctor  at  Ilaverill. 

The  name  of  "  Thomas  Ewin  of 
Ilaveril  in  Essex"  stands  at  the  head 
of  the  pedigree,  though  the  Doctor's 
descent  is  not  completely  traced  out. 


•  MS.  Cole,  vol.  xxxii.  p.  139. 

t  "  See  a  tradesman's  token  of  brass,  with  John  Ewin  in  Cambriooe,  1652, 
with  a  man  behind  a  counter,  or  vessel,  holding  a  line  of  candles  before  him,  and 
1  (E.)  A.  on  the  other  side  (for  John  Ewin  and  his  second  wife  Ann  Wentworth),  in  my 
vol.  32,  p.  164."— Note  by  W.  Cole. 

X  Vol.  xxi.  p.  14. 

a 


1854.] 


Camh^idge  in  the  Last  Century, 


25 


It  appears,  however,  from  another  of 
Cole  8  notes  that  his  fathcr^s  name  was 
Thomas,  who  acquired  a  considerable 
fortune  as  a  brewer  in  Cambridge. 
Cole  has  left  him  the  following  cha- 
racter : 

The  late  Mr.  The.  Ewin,  formerly  a 
grocer,  and  latterly  a  brewer,  in  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Sparks,  was  a  very  con- 
ceited and  litigioas  man.  He  acquired  a 
yery  large  fortune,  which  he  left  to  his 
son,  now  a  brewer  in  Cambridge,  but  who 
was  educated  a  pensioner  in  St.  John's 
College.  Mr.  Ewin  was  a  most  zealous 
son  of  the  Church  of  England,  of  the 
highest  form  :  hardly  ever  missed  going 
twice  a  day  on  Sunday  to  his  own  parish 
church  of  St.  Sepulchre,  in  which  parish 
he  had  a  good  house ;  twice  to  St.  Mary's 
to  hear  the  Unirersity  Sermon  ;  and  con- 
stantly at  vespers  in  Trinity  College 
Chapel,  to  attend  the  musick  of  the 
Cathedral  Service  there.  Notwithstand- 
ing all  this,  he  married  a  daughter  of  old 
Mr.  Howell,  a  coal-merchant  in  St.  Cle- 
ment's parish,  with  whom  he  had  a  large 
fortune,  but  a  most  rigid  Dissenter :  in- 
deed, she  and  Mr.  Finches  family  were  the 
supports  and  props  of  the  Presbyterian 
interest  at  Cambridge,  so  that  had  she  not 
been  one  of  the  most  prudent,  as  well  as 
best  tempered  women,  and  a  most  excel- 
lent wife,  it  would  have  been  impossible 
for  any  peace  or  harmony  to  have  existed 
between  them.  They  had  a  daughter  mar- 
ried to  Mr.  Cockayne  of  Soham. 

At  St.  John*s  college  Ewin  had  for 
his  tutor  Dr.  William  Samuel  Powell, 
who  in  1765  became  Master  of  that 
house.  He  was  a  man  who,  as  Cole 
tells  us,*  "  was  frugal  and  oeconomic," 
made  500/.  a-year  out  of  the  rectory 
of  Freshwater,  a  college  living  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  the  presentation  to 
which  more  usually  vacated  a  fellow- 
ship,— and  lefl  some  20,000/.  to  his 
niece  Miss  Jolland.  In  his  passion  for 
acquisition,  Ewin  may  have  been  in- 
fluenced by  the  example,  as  well  as  the 
instructions,  of  his  tutor. 

He  took  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Arts  in  1753,  and  his  Master's  degree 
in  1756;  and  we  find  that  he  was  al- 
ready ^*  in  commission  of  the  peace  for 
the  town  and  county,**  when  he  was 


admitted  to  the  d^ree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws,  on  the  11th  June,  1766.t 

The  first  notice  which  Cole  gives 
of  this  amiable  personage  is  in  the 
year  1769,  when  a  most  useful  scheme 
for  new  paving  and  lighting  the  town 
of  Cambridge,  to  which  the  Duke 
of  Graflon,  the  Chancellor,  had  of- 
fered to  subscribe  500/.  and  Trinity 
hall  as  much,  and  which  had  been  even 
carried  into  the  House  of  Commons, 
was  stopped  by  the  aforesaid  Dr. 
Powell  and  Dr.  Caryl,  "  together  with 
the  mercenary  views  and  objections  of 
some  of  the  townsmen,  and  Dr.  Ewin 
in  particular,  some  of  whom  had  greatly 
encroached  on  the  already  too  narrow 
streets,  about  which  they  expected  to 
be  called  to  account.**^ 

Dr.  Ewin  affected  something  of  the 
virtuoso,  as  appears  not  only  from  Cole 
but  from  Mr.  Tyson's  letters  to  Mr. 
6ough.§  In  the  same  year  Cole  gave 
him  an  introduction  to  Mr.  Horace 
Walpole  at  Strawberry  Hill:  where 
he  was  very  graciously  received  by 
the  lord  of  that  fairy  mansion.  In  a 
letter  written  shortly  after  (June  6, 
1769),  Mr.  Cole  thus  made  his  acknow- 
ledgments : — 

I  will  come  there  in  July,  if  it  is  only 
to  thank  you  for  your  civilities  to  Dr. 
Ewin  and  Mr.  Rawlinson,  who  was  with 
him  :  the  latter  was  lately  a  Fellow  Com- 
moner of  Trinity  College,  and  since  mar- 
ried to  one  of  Sir  Robt  Ladbrooke's  daugh- 
ters. Dr.  Ewin  was  with  me  on  Sunday, 
and  in  raptures,  both  from  your  politeness 
to  him  and  the  elegancies  of  your  habita- 
tion. I  told  you  in  my  last  letter  from 
Mr.Greaves's,  at  Fulburn,||  a  little  relating 
to  the  Doctor,  who  is  much  disposed  to- 
wards virth,.  He  has  brought  from  London 
with  him  all  the  apparatus  for  painting  on 
glass ;  he  has  a  forge,  colours,  in  short, 
everything  but  the  skill  how  to  make  use 
of  them.  The  impertinence  of  such  visits  I 
know  you  abominate,  but  I  knew  not  how 
to  extricate  you  from  this.  If  I  bad  not 
given  you  a  line,  I  am  satisfied  a  certain 
forwardness  of  behaviour  would  have 
thrown  him  in  your  way,  perhaps  in  a 
more  disagreeable  manner.  Yet,  after  all, 
did  you  know  or  feel  half  the  happiness 
you   conveyed,   I   think    your  humanity 


*  Cole's  biography  of  Dr.  Powell  has  been  published  in  the  first  volume  of  NicholsVi 
Literary  Anecdotes  of  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
t  Cambridge  Chronicle,  June  14, 1776. 
X  Literary  Anecdotes,  i.  583. 
$  In  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 
II  This  letter  does  not  appear  to  be  preserved* 
Gbmt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI*  B 


26 


Manners  and  Morals  of 


[Jan. 


would  readily  sacrifice  a  little,  in  order  to 
give  so  much  pleasure  to  other  people. 

Walpole  replied : — 

I  was  yery  happy  to  shew  civilities  to 
your  friends,  and  should  have  asked  them 
to  stay  and  dine,  but  unluckily  expected 
other  company.  Dr.  Ewin  seems  a  very 
good  sort  of  man,  and  Mr.  Rawlinson  a 
yery  agreeable  one.  Pray  do  not  think  it 
was  any  trouble  to  me  to  pay  respect  to 
your  recommendation. 

Cole  next  commemorates  "  my  friend 
Dr.  Ewin"  in  his  province  as  a  magis- 
trate, and  a  censor  of  the  morals  of  the 
Undergraduates,  who,  as  he  says,  were 
never  more  debauched  than  at  this 
period.* 

My  friend  Dr.  Ewin,  being  much  of  his 
father's  turn,  busy  and  meddling  in  other 
people's  concerns,  got  the  ill-will  of  most 
persons  in  the  town  and  university,  when 
no  acted  as  a  justice  of  the  peace.  The 
Gownsmen  bore  him  a  particular  grudge 
for  interfering  much  in  their  affairs,  though 
very  justly ;  for  they  never  were  more 
licencious,  riotous,  and  debauched.  They 
often  broke  the  Doctor*s  windows,  as  they 
said  he  had  been  caught  listening  on  their 
staircases  and  doors. 

About  Christmas,  1771,  or  in  January, 
1772,  he  was  at  a  coffee-house  near  his 
own  house,  when  some  Fellow  Commoners, 
who  owed  him  a  grudge,  sitting  in  the 
next  box  to  him,  in  order  to  affront  him, 
pretended  to  call  their  dog  Squintem,  and 
frequently  repeated  the  name  very  loudly 
in  the  coffee-house,  and  in  their  joviality 
swore  many  oaths,  and  caressed  their  dog. 
Dr.  Ewin,  as  did  his  father,  squinted  very 
much,  as  did  Whitfield,  the  Methodist 
teacher,  who  was  vulgarly  called  Dr. 
Squintum,  from  the  blemish  in  his  eyes. 
Dr.  Ewin  was  sufficiently  mortified  to  be 
to  affronted  in  public.     However,  he  care- 


fully marked  down  the  number  of  oaths 
sworn  by  these  gentlemen,  whom  he  made 
to  pay  severely  the  penalty  of  five  shillings 
each  oath,  which  amounted  to  a  good  round 
sum.  The  next  week  was  publicly  hawked 
about  the  streets  of  Cambridge  the  follow- 
ing ballad,  printed  on  a  ballad  paper,  and 
sung  by  ballad- singers,  and  given  away  to 
any  one  who  would  receive  them  : — 

A  PABODT  OP  AM  OLD  BOKO. 

Of  all  the  blockheads  in  the  town, 
That  strut  and  bully  up  and  down, 
And  bring  complaints  against  the  Gown, 

There's  none  like  Dr.  Squintum. 

With  gimlet  eyes  and  dapper  wig, 
This  Justice  thinks  he  looks  so  big : 
A  most  infernal  stupid  gig. 

Is  this  same  Dr.  Squintum. 

What  pedlar  can  forbear  to  grin, 
Before  his  Worship  that  has  been, 
To  think  what  folly  lurks  within 

This  Just  Ass  Dr.  Squintum  ? 

(There  are  more  verses,  but  these 
are  sufficient  as  a  specimen.) 

The  cofifee-house  which  was  the 
scene  of  the  incident  above  related, 
was  the  Union,  opposite  St.  Radi^^nd^s 
(or  Jesus)  Lane,  as  is  more  fuuy  de- 
scribed in  another  anecdote,  which 
has  for  its  scene  the  same  fashionable 
rendezvous,  about  fifteen  months 
after : — Cole  has  entered  the  following 
in  his  ^'  Athcnss,"  under  the  name  of 
"  Lord  Stanley,  son  to  the  late  Lord 
Stanley,t  and  grandson  to  the  Earl  of 
Derby."! 

This  young  gentleman  and  his  brother 
the  Hon*"^*  Mr.  Stanley  are  now  of  Trinity 
College,  Mar.  4,  1773,  and  about  two  or 
three  months  ago,  my  friend  Dr.  William 
Howell  Ewin,  a  gentleman  of  large  for- 
tune, and  who  acts  as  a  justice  of  the 
peace  both  for  the  town  and  county,  and 
fives  in  his  own  house    in  Cambridge, 


*  MS.  Cole,  vol.  iii,  p.  69  ;  Addl.  MSS.  5804. 

t  This  Lord  Stonley  became  the  twelfth  Eari  of  Derby  in  1776,  and  died  in  1834, 
having  married  for  his  second  wife,  in  1797,  the  celebrated  actress  Miss  Farren.  He  « 
had  two  brothers,  Thomas  and  James.  Of  the  latter  the  peerages  tell  us  nothing. 
Thomas  succeeded  his  brother  as  one  of  the  Members  for  Lancashire  in  1776,  was 
Major  of  the  Liverpool  regiment  of  Dragoons,  and  died  in  Jamaica  in  1779.  Mr. 
Cole  (vol.  xliii.  p.  80)  has  preserved  an  undated  note  of  Dr.  Ewin  to  himself,  which 
appears  to  relate  to  this  young  nobleman  being  a  second  time  refused  his  degree  : — 

Rev,  Mr,  Cole,  Milton, 

Dbae  Sie, — I  did  not  know  of  the  Congregation  in  the  afternoon  of  yesterday, 
when  I  came  to  you.  The  honourable  Mr.  Hyde  of  St.  John's  had  his  degree :  Mr. 
Stanley  offered  again,  and  was  stopped  in  the  Caput. — Yours,  W.  H.  Ewin. 

In  the  *'  Graduati  Cantabrigienses,*'  however,  it  will  be  found  that  Mr.  Smith  Stanley 
f  afterwards  the  Earl)  and  Thomas  Smith  Stanley,  both  of  Trinity  college,  were  created 
A.M.  in  1773,  in  the  same  year  as  Thomas  Yilliers  Hyde  of  St.  John's,  afterwards  the 
fecond  Earl  of  Clarendon,  who  died  in  1824. 
I  MS.  Addit  5881,  f.  21Q6, 


1854.] 


Cambridge  in  the  Last  Century. 


21 


where  he  is  not  much  beloved  by  any  one 
on  aoconnt  of  a  natural  and  hereditary 
disposition  to  be  prying  into  and  meddling 
busily  and  impertinently  in  other  people's 
concerns,    and    more    especially  by  the 
younger  and    indeed  all   degrees  in  the 
university,  for  having  various  times  inter* 
fered  in  business  which  they  conceived  no 
ways  or  little  belonged  to  him  :  Dr.  Ewin, 
I  say,  being  at  the  Union  Coffee  House, 
almost  opposite   St   Radegunde's  Lane, 
noted  for  the  general  rendezvous  of  all 
the  young  nobility  and  fellow  commoners 
and  spirited  young  men  in  the  university, 
where  he  had  been  several  times  affronted 
before,  and  therefore  imprudent  to  fre- 
quent   that   coffee'house ;  but  it    being 
very  near  his  own  house,  which  is  almost 
opposite  St.  Sepulchre's  Church,  he  was 
desirous  not  to  be  driven  away  from  what 
was   so  convenient  for  him.     He  being 
there,  one  of  these  gentlemen  said  some- 
thing reflecting  on  the  Doctor,  on  purpose 
to  affront  him,  it  being  spoken  loud  enough 
for  him  to  hear  it.     On  the  Doctor's  com- 
plaining of  this  usage  to  some  friend,  and 
saying  at  the  same  time  that  he  had  been 
told  that  the  person  who  said  the  thing 
which  affronted  him   was  one  of  these 
brothers,  but  that  he  did  not  believe  it, 
for  whoever  was  so  rude  could  have  none 
of  the  Derby  blood  in  bis  veins.    This 
being  represented  to   Lord   Stanley,  he 
thought  it  such  an  indignity  and  reflec- 
tion, that  he  told  his  brother  Mr.  Stanley 
that  he   ought  to  challenge   Dr.  Ewin. 
Accordingly  he  came  to  Dr.  Ewin's  house, 
and   was  introduced    into    the    parlour, 
where  the  Doctor  thought  the  errand  had 
been  to  make  up  matters ;  but  instead  of 
that,  Mr.  Stanley,  on  repeating  the  cir- 
cumstances, offered  to  fight  him,  which 
the  Doctor  very  prudently  declining,  he 
desired  to  ring  the  bell,  and  called  in  the 
footman,  with  a  request  to  retire  to  the 
other  room,  in  which  the  Doctor's  sister 
and  another  lady  were  sitting,  in  order 
that  they  might  be  witnesses,  as  he  said, 
of  his  cowardice  and  dastardiiness ;  but 
this  being  represented  by  the  Doctor  as 
improper,  for  fear  of  frightening  the  ladies, 
Mr.  Stanley,  desiring  the  servant  to  take 
notice  of  what  he  was  going  to  do,  took 
bold  of  the  Doctor's  nose,  and  spit  full  in 
his  face,  and  then  left  him.     Dr.  Ewin 
wrote  to  the  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  the 


Master  of  the  College,*  who  told  him  he 
could  do  nothing,  but  that  the  law  was  open. 
Accordingly  the  Doctor  is  at  this  instant 
prosecuting  the  affair  in  Westminster 
Hall,  where  I  hope  and  wish,  for  the 
credit  of  our  laws,  that  he  may  trounce 
the  gentleman  very  smartly  ;  for  if  young 
noblemen,  upon  these  fancies,  shall  invade 
your  own  houses,  and  treat  you  like  a 
scoundrel,  because  you  are  not  in  a  humour 
to  draw  your  sword  or  pistol,  adieu  all 
security  but  what  they  will  please  to  allow 
yon.  In  about  a  month  after  therte  came 
out  a  print  representing  this  affair,  called 
"  The  Justice  in  the  Suds.^'  I  have  it  in 
my  collection  of  prints. 

Mr.  Cole  sent  a  copy  of  this  print 
to  the  Hon.  Horace  Walpole  on  the 
18th  April,  1775.  It  was  accompanied 
with  the  following  remarks : — 

The  Hon.  Mr..  Stanley,  brother  to  Lord 
Stanley,  and  Fellow  Commoner  of  Trinity 
College,  is  spitting  in  Dr.  Ewin*8  Face; 
The  likenesses  are  tolerably  well  preserved. 
Dr.  Ewin  does  not  squint  enough.  He 
cast  Mr.  Stanley  on  a  trial  in  Westminster 
Hall,  made  him  pay,  and  ask  pardon. 

• 

In  another  letter  of  Cole's  to  Wal- 
pole, Dr.  Ewin  is  again  mentioned.  It 
18  dated  July  25,  1774,  and  Cole  is 
writing  of  Dr.  Cooke,  the  Frovost  of 
King's — 

He  dined  here  (at  Milton)  about  a  fort* 
night  ago,  when  he  took  occasion  to  speak 
slightingly  of  Antiquaries.  In  order  to 
please  him,  I  showed  him  that  part  of 
your  late  letter  respecting  the  Society. 
In  a  day  or  two  after,  he  was  one  of  the 
auditors  with  Dr.  Ewin  at  the  Conser- 
vators' meeting  in  Cambridge,  when  in 
speaking  of  the  same  fraternity  he  ex- 
pressed himself  exactly  in  your  words. 
This  I  mention  as  a  compliment  to  you, 
and  none  to  himself. 

Dr.  Ewin,  who  is  going  a  tour  into 
Scotland  this  week,  drank  tea  here  on 
Friday,  and  told  us  the  story. 

But  Dr.  Ewin  afler  this  became  still 
more  notorious  in  the  annals  of  the 
University.  The  story  of  that  busi- 
ness, however,  must  be  deferred  to 
anoUier  occasion. 


*  John  Hfaichliffe,  D.D. 


28 


ENGLISH  SKETCHES  BY  FOREIGN  ARTISTS. 

SauQterings  in  and  about  London.     By  Max  Schlesinger.    The  English  Edition,  by 

Otto  Wenckstern.    London.     1853. 


A  SHORT  TIME  previous  to  the 
first  arrival  of  Mr.  Layard  at  Nineveh, 
the  locality  had  been  visited  by  a  well- 
known  and  highly  esteemed  clergyman 
of  the  Church  of  England,  the  Rev.  J. 
P.  Fletcher.    This   worthy    minister 
found  himself  one  day  in  the  house  of 
a   Yezidee,  or   "Devil  Worshipper," 
where  the  conversation  of  host  and 
guest  was  interrupted  by  the  appear- 
ance of  a  crowd  of  visitors,  at  the  head 
of  whom  was  the  priest  of  the  Papal 
Syrians.    The  leader  of  the  invasion 
was  rich  in  self-sufficiency.     He  was 
lengthy  of  speech,  short  of  stature, 
and  about  as  pompous  as  a  pumpkin. 
The  visitors  were  no  sooner  seated  on 
the  ground  than  they  began  to  describe 
to  the  astonished  Englishman  the  man- 
ners and  customs  of  his  own  country- 
men !     "  They  have  no  religion  ;  won- 
derful to    say!"    exclaimed   one.     A 
second  and  more  enlightened  stranger 
questioned  this  assertion,  except  in  as 
far  as  it  applied  to  "  not  believing  in 
our    Father    the    Pope."      "At    all 
events,"  remarked  a  third,  "  they  have 
no  churches!"    The  Yezidee,  master 
of  the  house,  here  courteously  struck 
in    to    the   assistance  of  his  foreign 
guest,  by  asserting  that  he  had  seen 
our  service  performed  in  the  British 
chapel  at  Mosul;  where,  he  said,  there 
was  consecration  every  Sunday,  and 
prayers  every  day ;  and  he  had  read 
in  a  book,  he  added,  that  the  English 
also  fasted  occasionally.    The  general 
chorus  of  visitors  shouted  that  even 
if  it  were  so,  there  was  a  bad  ob- 
ject at  the  end  of  it.     The  Yezidee 
was  afraid  of  offending  the  priest,  at 
whom  he  looked  timidly  while  he  ven- 
tured to  make  the  apologetic  remark, 
that  "they  are  a  good  people!"    At 
tliis  observation,   the  pipe    departed 
from  between  the  lips  of  the  priest ; 
at  which  sign  of  approaching  oracular 
elocjuence  all  were  silent,  for  all  felt 
that  the  priest,  having  been  in  Europe, 
could  "  speak  by  the  card ;"  and  as  he 
was  well- versed   in    Arabic,   Syriac, 
Chaldee,  and  Kurdish,  he  was  of  course, 
and  as  a  necessary  consequence,  well- 
skilled  also  in  all  that  concerned  those 


far-off  infidels,  the  Britons ;  and  this 
was  his  daguerrcotyped  description  of 
our  very  worthy  selves. 

"The  English,"  said  he,  ''are 
Christians  and  have  churches;  but 
they  only  go  to  them  once  a  month, 
and  take  the  Lord's  Supper  once  in 
twenty  years.  On  the  latter  occasion," 
he  continued,  "  the  priest  stands  on  a 
high  place  that  he  may  not  be  torn  in 
pieces  by  the  crowd,  who  rush  tu- 
multuously  forward,  snatch  the  conse- 
crated bread  out  of  his  hands,  and 
scramble  for  it.  They  are  also  al- 
lowed," said  this  faithful  depictor  of 
our  morals,  "  to  marry  as  many  wives 
as  they  please,  and  some  of  them  have 
more  than  twenty.  They  are  a  poor 
and  beggarly  people,  and  have  a  heavy 
debt,  which  they  are  unable  to  pay. 
They  are  obliged  to  borrow  large 
sums  of  the  King  of  France,  who  has 
obtained  by  this  means  a  kind  of  do- 
minion over  them."  And  he  clinched 
this  rough  nail  driven  through  our 
reputation,  by  coolly  turning  to  Mr. 
Fletcher, and  asking,  "Ma hu saheck?" 
— "  Is  it  not  true?'^  The  English  mi- 
nister calmly  took  his  pipe  from  his 
mouth,  and  replied,  "It  is  a  great 
falsehood !"  An  assertion  which  by 
no  means  disposed  the  majority  of  the 
company  to  put  faith  in  it. 

The  above  is  an  amusing  instance  of 
an  English  portrait  painted  by  a 
Syrian  hand.  For  such  an  artist  some 
allowances  may  be  made;  but  what 
excuse  can  be  offered  by  travellers 
nearer  home  who  profess  to  draw 
English  portraits  and  English  land- 
scapes from  nature,  and  who  do  in  ono 
sense  draw  them  a  very  great  way 
indeed  from  nature  ? 

An  instance  occurs  to  us  in  the  case 
of  M.  Alexandre  Dumas,  an  accom- 
plished gentleman  who  gilds  refined 
gold,  paints  the  lily,  alters  the  catas- 
trophes of  Shakspere's  plays,  and  en- 
riches Hamlet  with  a  new  and  original 
(very  much  so  indeed !)  fifth  Act  r 

M.  Dumas  is  the  author  of  a  story 
called  "  Pauline,"  a  story  which  has 
been  both  translated  and  dramatised 
in  England.    It  is  exciting,  dramatic, 


1854.] 


English  Sketches  hy  Foreign  Artists. 


29 


and  improbable ;  the  heroine  therein  is 
married  to  a  gentleman  who  is  a  com- 
poand  of  Faust  and  Mephistophiles,  of 
Juan,  Charles  Moore,  Wertner,  and 
the  Corsair ;  who  is  half  savage,  half 
soft,  and  who  rejoices  in  the  name  of 
Horace  de  Beauzinval.  He  is  a  deli- 
cate creature  who  kills  tigers,  slays 
wild  boars,  sings  rumblingly  in  bass, 
thrillingly  in  counter-tenor,  and  who, 
though  in  Paris  the  glass  of  fashion 
and  the  mould  of  form,  occasionally 
retires  to  an  old  dilapidated  chateau 
in  Normandy  where,  in  conjunction 
with  two  friends,  Henry  and  Max,  he 
contrives  to  play  the  brigand  and 
murderer,  without  detection.  Pauline, 
in  feminine  alarm  at  a  somewhat  pro- 
tracted absence  of  her  husband,  deter- 
mines to  leave  Paris  and  look  for  him 
in  Normandy.  Her  unexpected  arrival 
leads  to  a  chaos  of  incidents,  among 
which  the  two  fearful  nights  of  her 
s<^oum,  the  sorcerer-like  attendance 
oi  the  wild  Malay,  and  the  scenes  of 
debauchery  and  assassination  which 
reveal  to  her  the  true  occupation  of 
her  husband,  are  told  with  a  power 
familiar  to  the  readers  of  the  most 
highly-spiced  of  M.  Dumas*s  romances. 

Horace,  dreading  betrayal  on  the 
part  of  his  wife,  shuts  her  up  in  a  vault 
with  "  a  cup  of  cold  poison,"  and  a  civil 
letter  of  apology.  He  gives  out  that  she 
has  been  assassinated;  and  he  buries 
in  her  stead  the  body  of  a  young  Eng- 
lish lady  whom  he  shoots  for  that  espe- 
cial purpose.  Pauline  is  discovered  by 
an  old  lover,  Alfred  de  Nerval,  who 
carries  her  to  England  as  his  sister, 
and  who  returns  temporarily  to  France 
to  kill  Horace  in  a  duel,  for  having 
dared  to  aspire  to  the  hand  of  a  kins- 
woman of  Alfred's.  Pauline  lingers 
on  in  ill  health,  and  does  not  allow  her 
own  mother  to  be  conscious  of  an  ex- 
istence which  she  feels  must  soon  ter- 
minate,— and  by  a  knowledge  of  which 
her  mother  would  only  have  to  mourn 
a  second  time.   She  finally  dies  in  Italy. 

Now  the  comicality  in  this  story  of 
horrors  lies  in  the  grave  portion  of  it 
which  has  England  for  its  scene,  and 
only  some  twenty  years  ago  fov  its 
period.  The  lovers  conceal  themselves 
in  a  cottage  orne  in  Piccadilly !  They 
have  the  good  fortune  to  find  in  that 
retired  spot,  "a  pretty  little  house, 
very  simple,  and  quite  isolated ! "  It 
is  **  a  charming  little  cot,  with  green 


blinds,  a  little  garden  full  of  flowers, 
an  exquisite  lawn,  gravelled  walks  en- 
circling" all;  and  a  ''banc  au  dessous 
d*un  pTatane  magnifique  qui  couvroit 
de  sa  tente  de  feuillage  una  partie  du 
jardin ! ! ! "  All  this,  it  must  be  remem- 
bered, is  described  as  existing  in  Pic- 
cadilly, in  1834,  within  view  of  a  person 
turning  out  of  St.  James's  Street,  and 
which  latter  circumstance  would  fix 
the  precise  locality  of  this  isolated  cot- 
tage as  somewhere  about  the  solitary 
purlieus  of  the  romantic  White  Horse 
Cellar,  or  the  picturesque  and  unin- 
habited wilderness  tenanted  by  ''the 
Black  Bear."  An  absurdity  scarcely 
less  remarkable  on  the  part  of  M. 
Dumas  is  that  of  fixing  the  residence 
of  a  very  hard-working  apothecary  in 
one  of  the  patrician  mansions  in  Gros- 
venor  Sc^uarel  And  ye*  the  author 
has  been  m  London,  and  has  even,  like 
Voltaire,  commented  upon  our  lan- 
guage. The  sum,  indeed,  of  his  obser- 
vations thereon  amounts  to  the  fact 
that  Englishmen  have  abandoned  the 
old  expletive  of  "  Godam,"  and  that 
their  throats  are  now  generally  engaged 
with  discharging  the  cacophonous 
echoes  of  "  Oh,  ah ! " 

The  French  dramatists  use  us  very 
little  better,  in  many  instances  worse, 
than  the  novelists.  They  sell  ladies  by 
public  auction  in  Smithfield  Market, 
while  half  the  house  of  peers  stand  by 
to  witness  the  sale,  and  celebrate  its 
conclusion  by  a  conglomerated  horn- 
pipe. A  French  feuifletonist  who  came 
among  us  taking  notes,  in  the  year  of 
the  Exhibition,  gravely  certified  to  his 
countrywomen  uiat  the  gin -palaces  of 
England  were  mainly  supported  by  the 
middle-aged  and  elderly  peeresses  of 
the  realm.  I  have  myself  seen  on  the 
French  stage  a  drama,  the  scene  of 
which  is  laid  in  the  mountainous  region 
that  lies  somewhere  between  Hyde  Park 
and  Richmond.  In  this  piece  there  is 
an  ancient  castle,  with  a  very  wicked 
lord  who  maintains  his  evil  cminenee 
by  the  power  and  produce  of  forgery, 
and  whose  fair  daughter,  on  her  saint's 
day,  is  presented  with  bouquets  pre- 
sented to  her  processionally  by  all  the 
grateful  people  of  Brentford  and  Kew. 
The  ruined  chateau  itself  is  on  the 
romantic  banks  of  the  "  St.  George 
Canal,"  and  near  it  is  a  village,  the 
inhabitants  of  which  have  the  laws  in- 
terpreted to  them  by  an  alderman  of 


30 


J^nglish  Sketches  hy  Foreign  Artists, 


[J 


an. 


London,  who  is  made  ruler  of  the  dis- 
trict by  the  special  appointment  con- 
ferred on  him  by  "  His  Excellency  the 
Lor*  Maire." 

The  author  of  the  work  named  at 
the  head  of  this  article  is  a  limner  of 
another  quality.  He  has  seen  what  he 
describes ;  and  he  paints  well  that  which 
he  has  observed  with  the  mental  as 
well  as  the  visual  eye.  Accordingly, 
he  does  not,  like  French  litterateurs, 
represent  us  as  something  different 
from  all  other  existing  human  nature. 
We  may  not  always  feel  flattered  by 
his  portrait,  but  we  cannot  deny  the 
resemblance,  nor  the  good-humoured 
spirit  which  influenced  the  hand  by 
which  it  is  drawn. 

It  is  something  pleasant  to  turn  from 
the  misrepresentations  of  such  writers, 
however  temporarily  amusing  they  may 
be,  to  contemplate  portraits  of  our* 
selves  dashingly  and  good-humouredly, 
philosophically  and  candidly  sketched 
Dv  such  an  artist  as  Max  Schlesin^er. 
There  is  something  highly  original  in 
the  dramatic  form  in  which  many  of 
the  author's  raciest  observations  are 
made.  A  certain  Doctor  Kief  is  gene- 
rally charged  with  the  duty  of  cutting 
us  up;  and  on  one  occasion,  when 
something  stronger  than  usual  is  re- 
quired to  be  flung  at  us,  a  French 
gentleman  performs  the  office  with  a 
vigour  and  an  absence  of  veracity  that 
are  highly  entertaining.  Mr.  Schle- 
singer,  however,  does  not  appear  to 
have  employed  this  form  because  he 
had  suspicions  of  our  being  an  over- 
sensitive people,  for  he  now  and  then 
hits  us  smartly  and  stingingly,  severely 
and  deservedly  enough.  He  has 
adopted  the  form  because  it  gave  him 
latitude  of  observation  and  expression. 
One  thing  is  certain,  that  there  is^no 
nation  under  the  sun  that  so  good- 
humouredly  bears  being  laughed  at  as 
our  own.  The  heartiest  enjoyers  of 
"  Les  Anglaises  pour  rire,"  have  ever 
been  those  at  whom  the  satire  was 
levelled ;  and  throughout  Germany 
the  broadest  grins  called  up  by  Kotz- 
ebue's  "  Sir  «John,"  mantle  on  the  faces 
of  British  auditors,  who  are  perhaps 
more  tickled  by  comic  evidences  of 
ignorance  than  by  the  wit  levelled  at 
their  own  habits  and  morals. 

The  Saunterer  in  and  about  London 
paints  both  our  in  and  out-door  life 
with,  generally  speaking,  very  great 


correctness.  And  this  general  correct- 
ness cannot  be  gainsaid,  because  he 
oflen  looks  upon  us  and  our  doings 
from  a  point  of  view  whence  we  have 
never  considered  them  ourselves.  A 
determined  difference  of  opinion  oflen, 
indeed,  springs  up  in  the  mind  of  the 
reader ;  but  when  he  has  meditated  for 
a  moment  upon  the  light  in  which  the 
artist  has  limned  his  picture,  he  is 
compelled  to  conclude  tnat  the  details 
are  not  exaggerated,  and  that  the  light 
in  which  they  are  shown  does  some- 
times illumine  them,  and  is  more  likely 
to  be  seen  by  a  stranger  than  by  our- 
selves, who  are  less  curious  on  the 
matter. 

Perhaps,  and  it  is  as  well  to  say  it 
at  once  and  have  done  with  it,  it  is 
with  the  author's  political  sentiments  * 
that  the  reader  will  be  least  inclined 
to  agree.  When  he  insinuates  that 
the  continental  revolutionists,  who  in 
1848  advocated  licence  and  thought 
it  was  liberty,  were  men  who  were 
performing  as  patriotic  a  duty  as  that 
performed  by  Russell  when  he  glori- 
ously conspired  against  our  illegal  go- 
vernment, it  is  only  the  ultra-radicals 
among  his  readers  who  will  endorse 
the  sentiment.  They  who  made  an 
accomplished  fact  of  our  revolution 
never  perilled  the  general  liberty  which 
they  sought  to  establish.  They  who 
in  1848  let  loose  the  deluge  against 
the  thrones  of  Europe,  swept  away 
with  it  the  freedom  which  they  pro- 
fessed to  support ;  not  that  there  was 
not  among  them  many  a  bold  and 
honest,  hopeful  and  enduring  heart, 
whose  aspirations  were  for  that  liberty 
which  allows  unconstrained  action  for 
all,  save  where  it  may  be  injurious  to 
any.  Max  Schlesinger  very  aptly  meets 
one  objection  made  in  England,  by  a 
remark  which  is  worth  quoting:— 
"  These  English  sages,"  he  says,  "  do 
not  consider  how  much  easier  it  was 
for  their  ancestors  to  bring  the  con- 
test with  the  power  of  the  tJrown  to  a 
successful  issue.  The  English  patriots 
were  not  opposed  by  large  standing 
armies.  The  contest  lay  between  them 
and  a  single  family  and  its  faction,  and 
— this  is  a  point  which  has  never  been 
sufficiently  dwelt  upon — they  had  no 
reason  to  fear  a  foreign  intervention.** 
This  is  true,  yet  not  wholly  so.  It  is, 
however,  sufficiently  correct  to  be  al- 
lowed to  pass  unquestioned.    The  aa- 


1854.] 


English  Sketches  by  Foreign  Artists. 


31 


thor  comparee  liberty  as  it  is  abstract- 
edly viewed  by  English,  French,  and 
(x^man.  The  first  resolved  to  possess, 
and  have  manfully  held  by  and  pro- 
greased  under  it.  The  second  seize  it, 
let  it  slip  through  their  fingers,  and 
recapture  only  again  to  lose  what  they 
sbed  oceans  of  blood  to  obtain.  The 
Germans,  he  evidently  thinks,  would 
accomplish  all  that  the  English  have 
done  had  they  but  our  advantages — 
insular  position,  and  security  from  ex- 
ternal false  friends  as  well  as  declared 
foes.  This  reminds  us  of  how  the  same 
three  people  are  described  b;^  Heyne 
as  estimating  liberty,  and  which  des- 
cription may  be  thus  abridged,  to 
edification : — 

'*The  Englishman  loves  freedom  as 
he  does  his  lawful  wife.  He  possesses 
ber,  and  if  he  does  not  treat  her  with 
any  ostentatious  show  of  tenderness, 
yet  does  he  know,  should  the  case  re- 
quire it,  how  to  defend  her  like  a  man. 
Then^  woe-betide  the  intruder  into  her 
holy  chamber  of  rest,  be  it  as  gallant  or 
be  it  as  knave.  The  Frenchman  loves 
freedom  as  he  docs  his  betrothed 
bride.  Heglows  for  her.  He  burns 
for  her.  '&  throws  himself  at  her 
feet  with  the  most  exaggerated  adjura- 
tions. He  fights  for  her^  despising 
death  for  her  sake ;  and  in  her  name 
he  commits  no  end  of  follies.  But  the 
German  loves  freedom  as  he  does  his 
venerable  grandmother!  .  .  .  The 
splenetic  Bnton  perhaps  wearies  of  his 
wife,  and  disposes  of  her  in  the  market- 
place; a  halter  round  her  neck,  and 
Smithfield  the  locality.  The  flutter- 
ing Frenchman  probably  turns  faith- 
less to  his  bride,  and  goes  dancing  and 
singing  afler  some  court  lady  in  the 
royal  palace.  But  the  German  will 
never  turn  his  venerable  grandmother 
into  the  street ;  he  will  ever  grant  her 
a  corner  by  the  hearth,  where  she  may 
tell  to  his  listening  children  her  old 
wife*s  tales  for  ever." 

By  this  it  is  clear  that  Heyne  re- 
proaches his  countrymen  as  possessing 
a  superabundance  of  sentiment  and 
lacking  the  spirit  of  action.  Max 
Schlesinger,  on  the  other  hand,  appears 
to  think  that  they  want  nothing  but 
opportunity.  The  two  opinions,  how- 
ever apparently  incompatible,  may 
nevertheless  be  reconciled.  But  let 
us  go  with  the  Saunterer  from  politics 
to  the  Battle  of  Waterloo,  as  it  is 


fought  by  the  light  companies,  on  a 
gala  night,  at  Yauxhall.  Here  are  the 
author*s  opinions  upon  what  he  saw, 
put  into  tne  ever-conveniently-open 
mouth  of  Dr.  Kief. 

National  prejudice  is  like  a  pig-tail,  you 
can't  see  it  in  front.  It  is  scandalous 
how  they  teach  history  in  your  schools. 
This  new  friend  of  mine  is  a  well-bred 
man,  but  be  has  never  heard  of  filucher. 
We  looked  at  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
riding  oyer  the  field  of  Waterloo,  and  I 
said,  **  Couldn't  you  find  a  place  for  our 
Blucher?*'  "Blutcherl'*  said  he,  **who 
is  Blutsher?''  He  knew  nothing  what- 
ever of  Blucher  and  the  Prussian  army! 
and  when  I  told  him,  but  for  the  Prussians, 
Wellington  would  have  been  made  minced- 
meat  of  at  Waterloo,  he  actually  laughed 
in  my  face !  Now  tell  me  how  do  they 
teach  history  in  your  schools  ? 

We  may  answer  that  history  is 
taught  after  another  fashion  than  Dr. 
Kief  and  prejudice  would  require. 
Lamartine,  Jules  Maurel,  and,  if  we 
mistake  not,  Baron  Muffling,  have 
done  justice  to  Wellington,  and  the 
completeness  of  his  victory  ere  the 
indeed  long-wished-for  Prussians  ar- 
rived to  pursue  the  routed  columns  of 
the  Gaul.  And  as  to  Blucher's  name 
not  being  known  in  this  country,  it  is 
immortalized  in  one  way  among  us, 
exactly  as  Wellington's  has  been,  by 
giving  a  distinctive  appellation  to  a 
certam  form  of  British  boot.  To  deny 
the  Duke  the  undoubted  merit  of  his 
great  deed  is  only  to  treat  him  as  he 
has  been  treated  by  that  stricken  wit 
Heyne,  who  says  of  him,  with  incredible 
profanity  and  malice,  that  the  name  of 
Wellington,  in  connection  with  that  of 
Napoleon,  will  go  down  to  posterity 
as  that  of  Pontius  Pilate  in  connection 
with  Jesus  Christ.  This  is  worse  than 
our  merely  forgetting  Blucher,  even  if 
we  had  been  so  ungrateful.  But  this 
we  were  not.  When  the  allied  rao- 
narchs  arrived  in  England  in  July, 
1814,  Blucher  was  (as  far  as  our  public 
was  concerned)  "  the  king  amang  them 
a'."  The  popular  enthusiasm  of  the 
people  for  him  who  had  boldly  faced 
the  common  enemy  of  Europe  when  * 
others  had  fled  before  that  foe  was  so 
intense,  that  when  the  hero  set  foot  on 
shore  at  Dover,  he  was  nearly  suf- 
focated with  embraces,  and  his  cloak 
was  torn  into  fragments.  The  excite- 
ment of  ladies  in  the  capital  was  not 
inferior  to  that  which  reigned  iq  the 


32 


English  Sketches  hy  Foreign  Artists* 


[Jan. 


Erovinces.  Moore,  in  his  Fudge  Family, 
as  incidentally  noticed  this  agitation 
of  love  in  the  letter  wherein  Miss 
Biddy  informs  her  friend  Dorothy  that 
she  has  found  a  suitor  who  was 

No  less  than  the  great  King  of  Prnssia, 
Who's  here  now  incog.—  He  who  made  such  a  fuss 

you 
Remember  in  London,  with  Blucher  and  PUitoff, 
YDiQXi  Sal  was  near  kissing  old  Bluchor's  cravat  off. 

And  the  last-mentioned  lady  was  but 
one  of  a  thousand  who  contended  for 
the  honours  of  a  kiss  from  the  pipe- 
flavoured  lips  of  the  veteran.  At  Ox- 
ford, he  was  created  Doctor  of  Laws, 
in  full  convocation;  and  to  the  old 
soldier's  very  great  astonishment.  "  If 
they  make  me  a  Doctor,"  said  he,  "they 
arc  bound  to  make  Gneisenau  (the  ge- 
neral of  artillery)  an  apothecary ;  K)r, 
if  I  wrote  the  prescription,  he  cer- 
tainly made  up  the  pills!"  After 
Waterloo  Blucher  pronounced  a  candid 
criticism  on  himself,  which  posterity 
will  receive  with  respect.  "  For  what 
do  you  commend  me  ?"  said  he  to  a 
flatterer,  whose  praise  disgusted  him. 
"  It  was  my  recklessness,  Gneisenau*s 
cautiousness,  and  the  great  God*s 
loving-kindness !" 

But  leaving  the  consideration  of  this 
subject,  we  will  now  accompany  the 
author,  and  take  Ilcyne  with  us  too, 
into  Cheapside.  Here  is  what  the  first 
thinks  of  that  place  where  people  most 
do  congregate : — 

Friend  itranger,  stand  for  an  hour  or 
two,  leaning  against  the  iron  gates  of  Bow 
Church  in  Cheapside,  or  take  up  your 
position  on  the  steps  of  the  Royal  Ex- 
change. Let  the  waves  of  the  great  city 
rush  past  you,  now  murmuringly,  now 
thunderingly;  now  fast,  now  slow,  as 
crowds  press  on  crowds,  and  vehicles  on 
vehicles,  as  the  streams  of  traffic  break 
against  every  street-comer,  and  spread 
through  the  arterial  system  of  the  lanes 
and  alleys ;  as  the  knot  of  men,  horses, 
and  vehicles  get  entangled  almost  at  every 
point  where  the  large  streets  join  and  cross, 
to  move,  and  heave,  and  spin  round,  and 
get  disentangled  again,  and  again  en- 
tangled. After  such  a  review  only  can 
you  realize  the  idea  of  the  greatness  of 
London.  It  is  this  which,  after  a  pro- 
longed stay  in  London,  so  moves  our  ad- 
miration, that  there  is  no  stop,  no  rest,  no 
pause  in  the  street-life  throughout  the 
busy  day. 

Heyne*8  painting  is  something  to  th« 
4 


same  purpose,  but  with  a  dash  more, 
perhaps,  of  the  picturesque : — 

As  I,  aroused  from  my  meditation,  again 
looked  out  upon  the  roaring  street,  where 
a  varied  knot  of  men,  women,  children, 
horses,  coaches  (and  among  them  a  hearse), 
made  their  way  to  and  fro,  swearing,  cry- 
ing, creaking,  and  groaning,  then  it  seemed 
to  me  so  as  if  all  London  was  a  large 
Beresina  bridge,  where  every  one,  in  frantic 
anxiety  about  his  own  little  bit  of  life, 
sought  to  force  his  own  way  onward ; 
where  the  bold  rider  tramples  down  the 
poor  fellow  a-foot ;  where  he  who  falls  to 
the  ground  is  for  ever  lost ;  where  the 
hitherto  truest  comrades  become  selfish, 
and  climb  over  each  other.  There  thou- 
sands faint  to  death,  and  bleeding  cling 
vainly  to  the  planks  of  the  bridge,  only 
to  drop  off  into  the  cold  abyss  of  death 
below.'' 

Risk  Allah,  in  his  recently  published 
work,  "The  Thistle  and  the  Cedar  of 
Lebanon,"  expresses  himself  in  corre- 
sponding terms  with  regard  to  the 
streets  of  London : — 

What  are  all  these  people  come  out  to 
see  ?  is  your  first  natural  inquiry.  Is  there 
a  fire  ?  or  has  there  been  an  earthquake  ? 
or  are  all  the  suburban  villages  and  towns 
pouring  in  their  multitudes  to  witness  some 
grand  spectacle?  Wallah  yar  rfendem. 
If  Stamboul  were  in  flames,  and  all  the 
Sultan's  harem  burning,  there  could  pot 
be  a  greater  concourse  of  people  than  may 
every  day  be  encountered  between  the 
hours  of  three  and  five  in  one  single  street 
of  London ;  and  all  the  other  hundred 
streets  are  almost  equally  well  filled. 

Assaad  y  Kaylat,  in  his  "  Voice  from 
Lebanon,^  speaks  full  as  admiringly  of 
the  pave  sights  and  sounds  of  London. 
This  we  pass  to  notice  a  delicate  re- 
mark made  by  him,  afler  recording  a 
visit  to  Kensington  Palace.  He  was 
delighted  with  his  reception  there  by 
the  then  heiress  to  the  throne  and  her 
goodly  company ;  but  he  will  not  ad- 
minister to  the  public  curiosity  thereon. 
"  I  will  rather,"  he  says,  "  follow  the 
advice  of  the  Oriental  proverb : — *  He 
who  enters  the  presence  of  kings  should 
go  in  blind  ^na  come  out  dumb.' " 

We  must  notice,  before  concluding, 
that  Max  Schlesinger  will  by  no  means 
allow  of  the  English  being  considered 
as,  in  any  way,  a  musical  people — that 
is,  as  a  people  producing  great  com- 
posers ; — all  the  great  names,  from  Pur- 
cell  to  Balfe,  "to  the  contrary  not- 
withstanding.**   We  have  not  space  to 


i^Esm^^^ffiM: 


Tins  vwtWT 

IICW*r  M»BlMnTg>,h  AunwVTME  ^MNTi  IUlT'l>e- 


1854.]  Richard  Baxter* s  Pulpit  at  Ktdde)*minster. 


3d 


sbow  ho^r  vulgar  an  error  this  is.  Wo 
think  less  of  our  heroes  than  do  the 
French,  and  less  of  our  musicians  than 
do  the  Germans.  But  we  are  as  plen- 
tifully provided  with  both  as  our  good 
friends  who  protest  to  the  contrary. 
We  only  talk  less  about  them.  It  could 
never  be  remarked  of  us  as  a  Prussian 
student  once  said  of  his  own  country, 
that,  "  in  Berlin,  people  talked  only  of 
Thalbei^  and  God!"  We  have  other 
ways  of  viewing  religion  and  music, — 
.kluMigh  we  may  be  inferior  in  both, 
neveitheless,  to  those  who  view  them 
dilfereotLy. 


We  fear  we  have  hardly  done  IVIax 
Schlesinger*8  clever  book  justice,  but 
that  will  be  done  to  it  by  the  public 
patronage ;  to  that  we  commit  it,  only 
adding  a  word  of  praise  to  the  ability 
of  the  accomplished  translator,  who 
handles  our  English  as  though  he  were 
to  the  matter  born.  There  are  occa- 
sional little  expletives  used  which  evi- 
dently do  not  fall  on  M.  Wenckstern's 
ear  as  they  do  on  those  of  most  English 
people,  but  these  we  should  be  sorry 
to  miss  notwithstanding.  They  are  as 
pleasant  sauce  to  an  exceedingly  p^ea* 
sant  dish.  «f.  D. 


RICHARD  BAXTER'S  PULPIT  AT  KIDDERMINSTER. 

{With  a  Plate,) 


_  THE  character  of  this  great  theolo- 

Siaa  of  the  seventeenth  century  is 
cetched  by  Granger  in  his  Biogra- 
phical History  of  England  with  even 
more  than  his  wonted  skill. 

^Bichard  Baxter  (he  remarks)  was 
a  man  famous  for  weakness  of  body 
and  strength  of  mind ;  for  having  the 
8tr<Hi|pest  sense  of  religion  himself,  and 
excituff  a  sense  of  it  in  the  thought- 
less and  profligate;  for  preaching  more 
siBnnons,  engaging  in  more  controver- 
sies, and  wnting  more  books,  than  any 
other  Nonconformist  of  his  age.  He 
tpcke^  disputed,  and  wrote  with  ease ; 
and  discovered  the  same  intrepidity 
when  he  reproved  Cromwell  and  ex- 
postulated with  Charles  II.  as  when 
ne  preached  to  a  congregation  of  me- 
chanics. His  zeal  for  religion  was  ex- 
traordinary, but  it  seems  never  to 
have  prompted  him  to  faction,  or 
carried  him  to  enthusiasm.  This 
champion  of  the  Presbyterians'*'  was 
the  butt  of  men  of  every  other  religion, 
and  of  those  who  were  of  no  religion 
at  alL  But  this  had  very  little  cucct 
upon  him  :  his  presence  and  bis  firm- 
ness of  mind  on  no  occasion  forsook 


him.  He  was  just  the  same  man  bc« 
fore  he  went  into  a  prison,  while  he 
was  in  it,  and  when  he  came  out  of  it, 
and  he  maintained  a  uniformity  of 
character  to  the  last  gasp  of  his  life." 
It  was  in  the  year  1641,  at  the  age 
of  six-and-twenty,  that  Baxter  com- 
menced his  ministry  at  Kidderminster. 
The  Committee  for  Scandalous  Minis- 
ters was  at  that  time  pursuing  its  in- 
quiries, and  the  parishioners  of  Kid- 
derminster memorialised  it,  stating  that, 
their  Vicar  was  utterly  insufficient, 
had  been  presented  to  the  cure  by  a 
Papist,  was  unlearned,  preached  but 
once  a  quarter,  and  then  so  weakly  as 
exposed  him  to  laughter,  and  impressed 
them  with  the  belief  that  he  under- 
stood not  the  very  substantial  articles 
of  Christianity;  that  he  frequented 
alehouses,  and  had  sometimes  been 
drunk  ;  that  he  turned  the  Table  altar- 
wise,  &c.  &c.  with  more  such  as  this. 
He  had  a  Curate  who  bore  no  better 
character ;  and  another  at  a  chapel  in 
the  parish,  who  was  many  degrees 
worse.  The  Vicar,  being  conscious  of 
his  insufficiency,  was  induced  to  make 
terms  with  the  Committee.     He  agreed 


*  Baxter  did  not,  however,  himself  own  to  the  description  of  a  Presbyterian ;  but 
regarded  it  as  a  reproacbful  term,  put  upon  himself  and  bis  friends  by  their  oppooents. 

"  Baxter  for  Bishops!  "  said  the  brow-beating  Jeflfereys,  when  the  Theologian  Was 
arraigned  before  him  in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  '  ^  that's  a  merry  conceit  indeed  ;  turn  to 
it,  turn  to  it.**  Upon  this  Rotheram  (one  of  Baxter's  counsel;  turned  to  a  place  where 
it  is  said  that  ''great  respect  is  due  to  those  truly  called  to  be  Bishops  among  us,**  or 
to  that  purpose.  "  Aye,"  saith  Jeffereys,  the  Chancellor,  "  this  is  your  Presbyterian 
cant,  *  truly  called  to  be  Bishops  ;'  that  is,  himself,  and  such  rascals,  called  to  be 
Bishops  of  Kidderminster,  and  other  such  places;  Bishops  set  apart  by  such  factious 
snivelling  Presbyterians  as  himself, — a  Kidderminster  Bishop  he  means.** 

Gbht.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI.  F 


34 


Jxictiurd  jaaxter*^  Pulpit  at  Kidder  minster.  [Jan. 

though  he  was  offered  many  Imndred 
pounds  per  ann.  elsewhere,  he  was 
willing  to  continue  with  them  in  his 
old  Lecturer^s  place  which  he  had  be- 
fore the  wars,  expecting  they  should 
make  the  maintenance  IQOJ.  a -year 
and  a  house.  To  this  arrangement 
they  consented,  though  it  was  after- 
wards barely  performed  (the  vicarage 
itself  remammg  sequestered  in  the 
hands  of  the  parishioners),  an^  for,  six- 
teen years  Baxter  continued  to  labour 
in  his  vocation  at  Kidderminster.  Of 
the  method  of  his  employment  he  gives 
the  following  account : 


that,  instead  of  his  Curate  in  the  town, 
he  should  allow  601,  per  ann.  to  a 
Preacher,  to  be  chosen  by  fourteen  of 
the  congregation ;  that  he  should  not 
hinder  this  Preacher  from  preaching 
whenever  he  pleased ;  and  that  he  him- 
self should  read  Common  Prayer,  and 
do  all  else  that  was  to  be  done :  and 
so  they  preferred  not  their  Petition 
against  him,  nor  against  his  curates, 
but  he  kept  his  place,  which  was  worth 
to  him  near  200Z.  per  ann.  allowing 
that  60/.  out  of  it  to  their  lecturer ; 
and  to  perform  this  he  gave  a  bond 
of  5001 

The  first  Lecturer  they  thought  of 
was  Mr.  Lapthorn,  a  preacher  of  some 
celebrity ;  but,  he  not  bein^  q)proved4 
they  next  resolved  to  invite  Baxter 
from  Bridgnorth,  where  he  was  then 
resident,  and  he  was  summoned  by 
the  Bailiff  and  feoffees  to  preach  before 
thcni,  in  order  to  a  full  determination. 

My  mind  (he  says)  was  much  to  the 
place  as  soon  as  it  was  described  to  me ; 
because  it  was  a  full  congregation,  and 
most  convenient  temple ;  an  ignorant, 
rude,  and  revelling  peo/ple  for  the  greater 
part,  who  had  need  of  preaching  ;  and  yet 
had  among  them  a  smidl  company  of  con- 
verts, who  were  humble,  godly,  and  of  good 
conversations,  and  not  much  hated  by  the 
'rest,  and  therefore  the  fitter  to  assist  their 
teacher  ;  but,  above  all,  because  they  had 
hardly  ever  had  any  lively,  serious  preach, 
ing  among  them.  ...  As  soon  as  I 
came,  and  had  preached  one  day,  I  was 
chosen  nemine  coniradicenie;  for,  though 
fourteen  only  had  the  power  of  choosing, 
they  desired  to  please  the  rest.  And  thus 
I  was  brought,  by  the  gracious  providence 
of  God,  to  that  place  which  had  the  chiefest 
of  my  labours,  and  yielded  me  the  greatest 
fruits  of  comfort. 

Baxter*s  first  residence  in  Kidder- 
minster was  not,  however,  long  undis- 
turbed. On  the  breaking  out  of  the 
civil  war  the  Royalist  party  prevailed 
in  the  town,  and,  as  Baxter  was  stig- 
matised as  a  Roundhead,  he  was  glad 
to  retire.  He  went  to  Gloucester,  and 
afterwards  to  Coventry  and  elsewhere, 
as  a  chaplain  to  the  army.  Nor  was  it 
until  some  time  after  the  wars  had  closed 
that  he  was  able  to  return,  having  in  the 
meantime  lain  ill  for  five  months  in 
the  house  of  Lady  Rous  at  Rous-Lehch. 
When  he  did  so,  he  found  the  vicarage 
had  been  sequestered,  and  he  was  urged 
to  accept  it ;  but  this  he  refused,  telung 
the  magistrates  and  burgesses  tha^ 


I  preached  before  the  Wars  twice  each 
Lord's  Day ;  but  after  the  war  but  once, 
and  once  every  Thursday,  besides  occa- 
sional Sermons.  Every  Thursday  evening 
my  neighbours  that  were  most  d^irous 
and  had  opportunity  met  at  my  house,  and 
then  one  of  them  repeated  th6  sermon,  and 
afterwards  they  proposed  what  doubts  any 
of  them  had  about  the  sermoo,  or  any 
other  case  of  conscience,  and  I  resoW^ 
their  doubts:  and  last  of  all  .1,  caused 
sometimes  one  and  sometinu^s  auotb^f  of 
them  to  pray  (to  exercise  them),  and  some- 
times I  prayed  with  them  myself,  which, 
beside  singing  a  psalm,  was  all  they  did. 
And  once  a  week  also  some  of  the  younger 
sort  who  were  not  fit  to  pray  in  so  great 
an  assembly  met  among  a  few  more  pri- 
vately, when  they  spent  three  hours  in 
prayer.  Every  Saturday  night  they  met 
at  some  of  their  houses  to  repeat  the  ser' 
mon  of  the  last  Lord's  Day^  and  to  pray 
and  prepare  themselves  for  the  fbUpwing 
day.  Once  in  a  few  weeks  we  had  a  Day 
of  Humiliation  on  one  occasion  or  other. 

The  afternoons  of  Monday  and  Tues- 
day in  every  week  he  spent  in  visiting 
and  privately  catechising  from  house 
to  house :  but  for  the  further  minuJtut 
of  his  ministry  the  reader  must  ho# 
be  referred  to  his  interesting  auto- 
biography, or  to  his  book  called  "  The 
Reformed  Pastor." 

At  the  Restoration,  Baxter  was  no- 
minated one  of  the  King*s  Chaplains, 
and  together  with  Calamy  and  Rey- 
nolds, two  other  distinguished  divines 
of  kindred  sentiments,  was  offered  a  bi- 
shopric. Reynolds  became  Bishop  of 
Norwich ;  but  Baxter  and  Calamy  qoth 
pronounced  their  Nolo  Efiscopari  in 
right  earnest.  Baxter  wished  for  no 
better  fate  than  to  retain  his  favourite 
pulpit  at  Kidderminster : — 

When  i  bad  refiued  a  Biahoprick  (he 


1854.]  Richard  J^cuc tar's  Pulpit  at  Kid,dei*mimtei\ 


35 


says)  I  did  it  on  such  reasons  as  offended 
not  thfe  Lord  CJiancel|oT'  (Clarendon);  and 
tiierrfore,  idstefeid  of  it,  I  presumed  to 
crave  his  favonr  to  restore  me  to  preach  to 
my  people  at  Kidderminster  again;  from 
whence* I  had  been  cast  out  (when  many 
himdreds  of  others  were  ejected)  upon  tiie 
restoration  of  all  them  that  had  been  se- 
qiiestred.  It  was  but  a  Ticaridge,  and  the 
Vicar  was  a  poor  unlearned,  ignorant, 
silly  Reader,  that  little  understood  what 
Christianity  and  the  articles  of  his  creed  did 
signify,  but  once  a  quarter  he  said  some- 
thing  which  he  called  a  Sermon,  which 
toade  hiih  the  pity  or  laughter  of  the 
people.  This' man  beidg  unable  to  preach 
hin^df,  kept  always  a  curate  under  him 
to  preach.  .  .  .  My*  people  were  so 
dear  to  me,  and  I  to  them,  that  I  would 
have  been  with  them  upon  the  lowest  law- 
fjal  terms.  Some  laughed  at  me  for  re- 
fusing a  bishoprick,  and  petitioning  to  be 
a  reeidhig  vicar^s  curate ;  but  I  had  little 
hopes  of  BO  good  a  condition,  at  least  for 
any  considerable  time. 

Lord  phancellor  Clarendon  en- 
deayoured  to  effect  Baxter's  wishes; 
|>ut  the  local  influence  of  Sir  Ralph 
C{are^  who  supported  the  old  Yicar,  and 
t}ie  disinclination  of  Dr.  Morlej,  then 
Bishop  of  Worcester,  prevailed  against 
fiim.  Sir  Ealph  Clare  declared  in  t)ie 
Bishop^s  chamber  that  Baxter  wou]d 
give  tae  sacrament  to  none  kneeling, 
and  that  of  eighteen  hundred  commu- 
lucants,  there  were  not  past  six  hun- 
dred that  were  for  him,  whilst  the  rest 
were  for  the  Vicar.  When  the  people 
at  Kidderminster  heard  this,  in  a  day's 
time  they  gathered  the  hands  of  six- 
teen hundred  of  the  eighteen  hundred 
conmiunicants,  and  the  rest  were  such 
as  were  from  home.  But  all  was  in 
Tain. 

The  Bishop  looked  at  Kidderminster  as 
a  factious,  schismatical,  Presbjterian  peo- 
ple, that  must  be  cured  of  their  overvaluing 
of  me,  and  then  they  would  be  cured  of  all 
the  rest :  whereas  if  he  had  lived  with 
them  the  twentieth  part  so  long  as  I  had 
done,  he  would  have  knowo  that  they 
^ere  neither  Presbyterians,  nor  factious, 
nor' schismatical,  nor  seditious;  but  a 
people  that  quietly  followed  their  hard 
labour,  and  learned  the  holy  Scriptures, 
atid  li^  a  holy  blameless  life,  in  hutnl- 
lity  and  peace  with  all  men,  and  never  had 
a  sect  or  separated  party  among  them, 
but  abhorred  all  factions  and  sidings  in 
religion,  and  lived  in  love  and  Christian 
unity. 

On  his  last  visit  to  Kidderminster 


Baxter  preached  twice  or  thrice,  and 
then  the  old  Vicar,  under  advice  of  his 
prompters,  dehied  him  the  liberty  of  en- 
tering the  pulpit  any  more.  From  that 
time  until  his  death,  nearly  thirty  years 
after,  his  preaching  was  confineu  to  the 
meeting-housed  ofthe  Nonconformists, 
chiefly  m  and  about  the  metropolis. 

Baxter  s  Pulpit  is  still  preserved  at 
Kidderminster,  but  no  longer  in  the 
church.  In  his  day  it  stood  on  the  north 
side  of  the  nave^  against  the  second 
pillar  from  the  east.  I^ut  in  1786,  the 
church  was  "repaired,  repewed,  and 
beautified,'*  in  the  style  of  those  good 
old  times  :  when,  it  Deing  thought  ad- 
visable to  have  a  new  pulpit  huiit  in  a 
central  situation,  Baxters  old  pulpit 
was  condemned,  and,  together  with 
other  pieces  of  carved  work,  was  offered 
for  sale  (!)  by  the  then  churchwardens, 
as  old  and  useless  church  furniture. 
Tfie  churchmen  of  that  day  appear  to 
have  held  the  saine  opinions  as  their 
wardens ;  so  the  pulpit  (with  the  ex- 
ception of  its  pedestal^  was  purchased 
by  the  Unitarians  of  the  place.  Th6lr 
successors  have  carefiilly  preserved  it, 
and  it  now  stands  in  a  room  adjacent 
tb  their  chapel. 

The  pulpit  is  of  oak :  octagonal  in 
its  shape,  and  properly  decorated  with 
flowers  and  architectural  ornaments, 
in  the  well-known  style  of  the  reign  of 
James  I.  Gold  letters,  inserted  in  six 
of  the  panels,  somewhat  ostentatiously 
informed  the  congregation  that — 

ALICE  .  DAWKX  .  WIDOW  .  GAVE  .  THIS. 

On  the  face  of  the  pulpit,  and  im- 
mediately beneath  the  preacher's  desk, 
is  the  text : 

PRAISE  .  THE  .  LORD. 

And  round  the  sounding-board  are  the 
words: 

O.OIVE. THANKS. UNTO. THE  .  LORD. AND 
CALL  .  UPON  .  HIS  .  NAME  .  DECLARE  . 
HIS  .  WORSHIP  .  AMONO  .  THE  .  PEOPLE. 

On  the  oak  board  at  the  back  of  the 
pulpit  is  the  date : 

ANNO  .  1621. 
surmounted  by  a  projecting  crown  and 
cushion  of  bold  workmanship — pro- 
bably an  addition  after  the  restora- 
tion. The  mariner's  compass  is  painted 
on  the  under-side  of  the  sounding- 
board,  and  the  entire  pulpit  bears 
manifest  traces  of  having  once  been 
adorned  with  gold  and  colours. 


36 


Cambridge  Improvements,  1853. 


[Jan. 


The  octagonal  pillar  and  pedestal 
on  which  the  pulpit  once  stood  now 
serve  to  support  the  floor  of  a  book- 
8eller*s  shop  in  the  High- street. 

Within  the  room  where  the  pulpit  is 
now  preserved  is  placed  a  fono  copy 
of  Baxter*s  Works  in  four  volumes,  and 


an  engraving  of  "the  reverend  and 
learned  Mr.  Richard  Baxter/*  taken 
from  the  original  picture  in  the  pos- 
session of  Mr.  Fawcett,  formerly  of 
Kidderminster.  A  handsomely  carved 
chair,  formerly  the  property  of  Bishop 
Hall,  b  also  placed  near  to  the  pulpit. 


CAMBRIDGE  IMPROVEMENTS,  1853. 


A  VERY  striking  and  extensive 
improvement  has  recently  been  effected 
in  this  town.  About  four  years  since 
eight  houses  on  the  western  side  of  the 
I^&rket  Hill  and  in  the  adjacent  streets 
were  destroyed  by  fire.  The  Corpora- 
tion promptly  took  advantage  of  this 
misfortune  and  obtained  a  local  Act 
empowering  them  to  purchase  by  com- 
pulsion the  sites  of  these  houses,  and 
all  the  other  property  between  the 
Market  Hill  and  the  eastern  end  of 
Great  St.  Mary*s  Church.  Under  this 
Act  they  have  at  length  purchased 
twenty-K>ur  houses  and  sites  of  houses 
at  an  expense  of  about  50,000/.  The 
whole  space  has  been  cleared,  and  the 
Market  Place  has  been  thereby  more 
than  doubled  in  size,  and  is  now  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  kingdom.  New  and 
splendid  views  have  been  opened  of 
dreat  St.  Mary's,  the  Senate  House, 
the  University  Library,  and  King's 
College  Chapel,  whilst  the  Market  Hill 
makes  a  fine  appearance  from  the  open 
space  near  the  Senate  House.  In 
effect,  the  Senate  House  Hill  and  the 
Market  Hill  now  form  one  spacious 
area,  having  Great  St.  Mary's  Church 
in  the  centre.  The  chancel  of  this 
church  (which  as  been  hitherto  hidden 
from  public  view  by  old  and  mean 
houses,)  greatly  requires  renovation. 
As,  however,  the  Miister  and  Fellows 
of  Trinity  College  are  patrons  of  the 
church  in  question,  there  can  be  little 
doubt  that  they  will  undertake  the 
work  with  their  accustomed  liberality, 
and  the  Master's  extensive  knowledge 
of  architecture  affords  a  guarantee  that 
what  is  done  will  be  well  done.  The 
University  will,  it  is  expected,  take 
the  opportunity  of  getting  rid  of  the 
offensive  throne,  pit,  and  galleries,  and 
will  fit  up  this  fine  church  more  in 
accordance  with  ecclesiastical  usage. 
The  Conduit,  named  after  the  cele- 
brated carrier,  Thomas  Hobsoni  #ill 


probably  be  removed  to  a  more  central 
position  on  the  Market  Hill,  if  a  larger 
and  more  ornamental  structure  be  not 
substituted  for  it. 

The  improvements  on  and  near  the 
Market  Hill  to  which  we  have  adverted 
are  certain  to  lead,  sooner  or  later,  to 
the  erection  of  a  new,  more  spacious, 
and  more  commodious  Guildhall.  The 
present  structure  is  of  no  great  anti- 
quity, but  it  is  mean,  ugly,  quite  in- 
adequate to  the  increased  and  increas- 
ing wants  of  the  community,  and  ut- 
terly unimprovable.  There  are  certain 
negociations  pending  between  the  Uni- 
versity and  Town  authorities  for  the 
establishment  of  more  amicable  rela- 
tions between  the  two  bodies ;  and  if, 
as  anticipated,  the  result  should  be  a 
settlement  of  the  long  pending  question 
as  to  the  contributions  of  the  Univer- 
sity and  Colleges  to  local  burthens,  no 
time  will,  we  are  assured,  be  lost  in 
taking  up  the  subject  of  a  new  Guild- 
hall with  that  energy  which  must  en- 
sure success. 

The  front  of  Trinity  Hall,  which  was 
destroyed  by  fire  a  year  or  two  since, 
has  been  rebuilt  on  a  more  extended 
and  lofly  plan,  from  the  designs  of  A. 
Salvin,  esq.  who  has  also  rebuilt  the 
Master's  Lodge ;  and  is  the  architect 
of  a  new  hall  and  other  buildings  at 
Caius  College,  of  red  brick,  with  stone 
dressings,  in  the  later  Tudor  style.  It 
is,  wc  believe,  intended  to  rebuild  and 
enlarge  this  College  towards  Trinity- 
street.  If  this  be  so,  the  buildings 
ought  to  be  set  back  considerably,  and 
we  trust  so  opulent  a  society  will  not 
be  satisfied  with  anything  but  stone 
for  their  principal  front. 

A  new  and  enlarged  north  aisle  and 
porch  have  been  a^ded  to  St.  Bene- 
dict's Church,  by  G.  G.  Scott,  esq.  and 
it  is  proposed  to  take  part  of  the  old 
churchyard  (no  longer  used)  to  enlarge 
ihe  adjacent  streets* 


1854.] 


TTie  Toxaris  ofLucian. 


37 


The  old  church  of  the  Priory  of 
Barnwell,  which  was  sadly  dilapidated, 
and  has  been  disused  for  years,  is  being 
restored  in  a  plain  but  correct  style 
from  a  design  by  Mr.  R.  li.  Howe,  the 
town  surveyor.  It  is  to  be  re -opened 
for  divine  worship  as  an  additional 
district  church  of  tne  extensive  parish 
of  St.  Andrew-the-Less. 

The  building  commonly  called  the 
Spinning- House,  erected  by  the  before- 
mentioned  Thomas  Hobson,  is  now 
divided  into  two  parts ;  the  one  has 
been  lately  fitted  up  by  the  corpora- 
tion, and  forms  a  spacious  and  most 
commodious  police-station,  with  a  goud 
residence  for  the  superintendent ;  the 
other  portion  has  still  more  recently 
been  entirely  re-constructed  under  the 
sanction  of  the  Inspector  of  Prisons. 
It  is  used  for  the  reception  and  refor- 
mation of  a  certain  class  of  females, 


under  the  care  of  a  matron,  and  the 
exclusive  supervision  of  the  University 
authorities. 

A  proposal  was  made  to  adopt  Mr. 
Ewart*s  Library  Act  on  the  1st  of 
March  last.  It  met  with  a  spirited  re- 
sponse, and,  though  the  day  was  most 
inclement,  no  less  than  873  burgesses 
voted  for  the  proposal,  whilst  the  op- 
ponents of  the  measure  could  not 
muster  above  78  votes.  The  town 
council  has  appointed  a  library  com- 
mittee, and  it  is  pleasing  to  find  the 
Masters  of  St.  Catharine^s  Hall  and 
St.  Peter's  College,  with  other  mem- 
bers of  the  University,  acting  most 
cordially  with  the  townsmen  on  this 
committee.  There  is  a  difficulty  in 
finding  a  suitable  site,  but  before  1854 
has  elapsed  we  trust  a  Town  Free  Li- 
brary in  Cambridge  will  be  an  accom- 
plished fact.  C. 


THE  TOXARIS  OF  LUCIAN. 


WHATEVER  virtues  the  present 
age  may  claim  to  itself — and  we  do 
not  suppose  that  it  will  not  hold  a  fair 
place  in  the  world's  history — self- 
devotion  of  any  kind  will  surely  not 
be  of  the  number.  With  respect  to 
friendship  and  patriotism  in  particular, 
notions  so  enthusiastic  were  enter- 
tained by  the  ancients,  that  we  fear 
they  will  at  the  present  day  excite  a 
smile,  if  not  a  sneer.  It  is- not  indeed 
difficult  to  assign  a  cause  for  the  dif- 
ference between  the  ancient  and  mo- 
dem estimate  of  friendship,  which 
we  take  to  be  the  scanty  education 
of  the  females  of  those  times.  If  it 
extended  so  far  as  to  make  them 
notable  housewives,  that  was  its  utmost 
aim  ;  their  intellect  being  entirely,  and 
the  moral  qualities  all  but  entirely 
neglected.  A  marriage  would  thus 
for  the  most  part  be  a  mariage  de 
convenance,  and,  in  any  case,  a  rational 
companion  was  the  last  thing  a  man 
looked  for  in  forming  a  nuptial  en- 
gagement. 

Under  these  circumstances,  the  af- 
fections which,  in  modern  times,  would 
be  concentrated  in  the  domestic  hearth, 
were  compelled  to  look  abroad  for 
some  object  to  which  they  might 
attach  themselves.  In  &  friend  might, 
perhaps,  be  found  one  who  could  ap- 


prehend and  reply, — a  quality  not  to 
be  hoped  for  in  a  wife. 

To  this  cause,  rather  than  to  any 
other,  we  attribute  the  many  romantic 
instances  of  self-devotion  which  the 
annals  of  Grecian  friendship  present  to 
our  view. 

Some  of  these,  and  not  the  least 
surprising,  Lucian  has  collected  toge- 
ther in  the  dialogue  whose  title  stands 
at  the  head  of  our  article;  they  are 
thus  introduced : — ^A  discussion  is  re- 
presented as  arising  between  Toxaris 
a  Scythian,  and  Mnesippus  a  Greek, 
as  to  which  of  their  respective  coun- 
tries has  produced  the  most  eminent 
examples  m  this  kind.  Each  of  them 
brings  forward  five  instances  in  sup- 
port of  his  side  of  the  question,  which 
ultimately  is  left  undecided. 

In  the  narratives  of  the  Scythian 
some  geographical  and  other  difficul- 
ties have  been  detected  which  cast  a 
shade  of  doubt  over  their  truth ;  they 
had  farther  to  travel  before  reach- 
ing the  ears  of  Lucian,  and  were 
probably  somewhat  garbled  in  their 
route;  one  or  two  indeed  are  possibly 
wholly  fictitious.  The  tales  of  Mnesip- 
pus, on  the  contrary,  have  in  them  no 
inherent  improbability,  and  are  quite 
in  accordance  with  the  spirit  and  cha- 
racter  of  the  nation  to  which  he  be^ 


38 


!fhe  Toa:aris  ofLucian. 


[Jan. 


longed ;  so  that  we  see  no  reason  for 
Withholding  our  belief  from  the  accu- 
racy of  their  details! 

The  first  instance  we  now  proceed 
to  give,  in  the  words  of  Mnesippus 
himself. 

"  No  long  time  ago,"  commences  he, 
**  there  lived  a  Samian  named  Aga- 
thocles,  who  in  birth  and  eminent  qua- 
lities was  no  whit  superior  to  the  rest 
of  liis  countrymen,  thbuffh  in  noble- 
ness ofsoul,as  he  afterwams  showed,  he 
far  surpassed  them  all.  He  and  Dinias, 
son  of  Lysion  of  Ephesus,  had  been 
friends  from  boyhood,  and  as  Dinias 
had  a  very  large  fortune,  which  he  had 
just  come  into,  there  were  many  othei*s 
about  him,  as  might  be  expected,  who 
caroused  with  him  and  took  part  in 
his  pleasures;  these  however  were 
altogether  unworthy  of  the  name  of 
friends. 

"  For  some  time  Agathocles,  though 
he  took  no  great  pleasure  in  so  spend- 
ing his  time,  kept  them  company,  and 
joined  in  their  drinking  bouts.  Now 
and  then  he  would  say,  'Remember 

?'Our  ancestors,  my  dear  Dinias,  and 
ake  some  little  care  to  keep  the  riches 
it  cost  your  good  father  such  pains  to 
iekcquire.' — *Iam  weary  of  Agathocles,' 
ifhought  Dinias;  'a  carouse  is  more 
pleasant  without  him.'  So  he  turned 
to  his  flatterers.  'Chariclea  adores 
you,'  cried  they.  She  was  wife  to  one 
of  the  first  men  in  the  place.  By  and 
bye  there  came  letters  from  the  lady, 
then  withered  garlands  and  bitten 
apples,  and  other  like  trifles  with 
which  dames  of  her  stamp  assault 
young  men's  peace ;  by  little  and  little 
they  draw  them  into  their  toils,  and 
kindle  a  flame  in  their  bosoms  by  giving 
them  to  understand  that  they  have  in- 
spired affection — a  plan  which  is  espe- 
cially sure  to  succeed  with  those  who 
fancy  they  have  good  looks :  thus,  be- 
fore they  are  aware,  the  wretched 
youths  nnd  themselves  entangled  in 
the  net  .  .  . 

"  Such  was  the  person  whom  the  pa- 
rasites of  Dinias  chose  for  the  princi- 
pai  character  in  their  drama,  and, 
themselves  taking  the  inferior  parts, 
they  led  no  means  untried  to  make 


him  fall  madly  in  love  with  her.  Her 
part,  indeed,  she  was  quite  equal  to,  as 
this  was  not  the  first  affair  of  the  kind 
by  many  that  she  had  been  engaged  in, 
or  the  first  fine  property  she  had  dissi- 
pated, or  the  first  young  man  she  had 
left  in  the  mire.  A  shifting  and  tricky 
piece  of  mischief  was  she;  and  now  that 
she  had  before  her  a  youth  quite  simple- 
minded  and  ignorant  of  arts  like  hers, 
she  took  care  not  to  let  him  out  of  her 
talons,  but  clung  to  him,  and  struck 
her  claws  into  him,  till  at  last  she  had 
both  ruined  him  and  involved  herself 
in  the  same  destruction.  The  baits  * 
she  first  put  on  her  hooks  were  the 
love-letters  I  spoke  of — tJien  the  fa- 
vourite slave  came  dropping  in  with 
the  news,  how  her  mistress  spent  her 
days  in  tears,  and  could  not  get  a  wink 
of  sleep  all  ni^ht ;  indeed,  how  she  was 
like  to  strange  herself  for  love ;  till  at 
length  poor  Dinias  could  not  but  admit 
to  himself  the  power  of  his  charms, 
and  that  he  found  some  favour  in  the 
sight  of  the  ladies  of  Ephesus.  So, 
yielding  to  frequent  entreaties,  he  at 
last  consented  to  an  interview.  After 
this,  as  might  be  expected,  he  was 
caught  easily  enough,  for  the  lady  was 
handsome,  and,  not  only  that,  but  was 
well  versed  in  all  the  arts  of  pleasing : 
to  suffer  a  tear  to  steal  down  her 
cheek — to  break  off*  the  conversation 
with  a  gentle  sigh — to  cling  to  him 
when  he  was  leaving  her — to  run  to 
meet  him  on  his  return — to  array  "her- 
self in  the  attire  that  best  pfeased 
his  fancy — to  sing  him  a  tender  ditty, 
and  accompany  ner  voice  with  her 
lyre — all  these  engines  were  brought 
to  bear  against  the  ill-fated  youth.  .  .  . 
She  then  on  a  sudden  discontinued 
her  visits,  pretending  that  her  husband 
had  heard  of  their  intrigue,  and  had  set 
a  watch  upon  her.  This  exclusion  fV*om 
his  mistress's  presence  was  more  than 
the  young  man  could  bear :  he  burst  into 
tears,  sent  his  parasites  to  entreat  her 
to  change  her  determination :  then 
called  on  the  name  of  his  dear  Chari- 
clea, and,  as  he  had  a  statue  of  her  in 
white  marble,  he  threw  his  arms  round 
it,  shrieking  aloud ;  and  at  last  dashing 
himself  on  the  pavement,  he  lay  there 


*  This  dialogue  has  been  conjectured  to  be  one  of  the  author's  earliest  productions, 
and  the  confusion  of  metaphors  which  we  meet  with  in  this  description  of  Chariclea 
would  lead  us  to  suppose  so.  In  the  course  of  three  sentences  the  lady  is  compared  to 
a  skittish  filly,  a  ravenous  bird  of  prey,  and  a  cunning  angler. 


1854.] 


T%e  Toxaris  ofLucian, 


39 


rolling.  His  conduct  indeed  was  that 
of  a  mere  madman ;  nor  was  bis  mad- 
ness altogether  without  cause ;  for  the 
E resents  he  had  sent  her  in  return  for 
er  apples  and  garlands  had  been  on  a 
very  different  scale — whole  mansions, 
estates,  maid-servants,  and  flowered 
garments;  and  for  gold,  as  much  as 
she  could  wish  for.  In  a  word,  this 
interchange  of  presents  had  not  gone 
on  long,  oefore  Lysion's'  property — 
once  known  as  the  largest  in  Ionia — 
was  exhausted  to  its  last  dregs.  The 
youth  being  drained  dry,  his  mis- 
tress set  her  snares  for  a  young  gen- 
tleman of  Crete,  another  of  the  men 
made  of  money,  and  transferred  her- 
self to  his  arms.  He,  it  now  appeared, 
was  the  man  she  doted  on,  and  he  was 
fool  enough  to  take  her  at  her  word. 
Dinias  thus  finding  himself  alone — foij 
not  only  the  lady  but  his  parasites  had 
gone  over  to  tne  Cretan — bethoup;ht 
himself  of  visiting  his  friend  Agathp- 
cles,  who  had  long  been  aware  that 
matters  were  going  ill  with  him.  On 
first  seeing  him  the  poor  youth  felt 
somewhat  ashamed,  but,  after  a  time, 
he  told  him  the  whole — his  passion  and 
despair — the  lady's  harsh  treatment  of 
hipself  and  kindness  for  his  rival — 
and  concluded  by  declaring  that  he 
could  not  live  without  her.  '  This  is 
not  the  time,'  thought  Agathocles,  *  to 
remind  him  that  I  was  excluded  from 
his  house  while  sycophants  were  ad- 
mitted. I  have  a  mansion  in  Samos 
— ^*tis  true  'twas  my  ancestors' — but  I 
will  sell  it,  and  he  shall' have  the  price.' 
''  Chariclea  heard  of  the  transaction, 
and  all  her  fondness  for  Dinias  re- 
turned ;  again  the  favourite  slave  made 
her  appearance,  bearing  letters  re- 
proaching him  with  his  absence.  The 
young  man  was  easily  prevailed  on  to 
renew  his  visits  :  he  went  to  the  house 
some  time  before  midnight.  No  sooner 
had  he  entered  than  the  husband  started 
out  of  a  hiding-place — I  know  not 
whether  he  was  m  league  with  his  wife, 
or  that  some  one  else  had  given  him  a 
hint,  for  the  story  is  told  ooth  ways ; 
but,  be  that  as  it  may,  he  bade  them 
shut  the  door  of  the  court  and  seize 
the  intruder ;  branding  and  scourging 
being  the  best  words  in  his  mouth.  HS 
then  drew  his  sword,  and  made  at 
Dinias.  The  young  man  now  saw 
clearly  into  what  danger  his  folly  had 
brougnt  him ;  he  snatched  up  an  iron 


bar  that  lay  near,  and  killed  his  as- 
sailant by  a  blow  on  the  temples ;  then 
turning  to  his  mistress,  he  struck  her 
blow  after  blow,  and  at  last  ran  her 
through  the  body  with  her  husband's 
sworcl.  The  servants  for  a  time  stood 
speechless  and  stupefied;  then  trying 
to  seize  the  murderer,  he  made  at  them 
with  his  sword  and  escaped  to  Aga- 
thocles' lodging.  There  the  two  friends 
sat  all  night  reviewing  the  past,  and 
consulting  on  their  future  course. 
With  daybreak  came  the  officers  of 
justice — for  the  nxurder  had  got  win4 
— they  arrested  Dinias,  who  did  not 
attempt  to  deny  the  fact,  and  brpught 
him  before  the  Proconsul  of  Asia ;  by 
him  he  was  remitted  to  the  Emperor, 
and  by  the  Emperor's  sentence  he  was 
banished  for  life  to  Gyarus,  one  of  the 
Cyclades. 

"  Agathocles  never  quitted  his  side 
throughout,  sailed  with  him  to  Italy, 
stood  by  him  during  his  trial,  and 
served  him  in  every  way.  In  his  exile 
he  did  not  desert  him,  but  made  his 
friend's  sentence  his  own,  and  accom- 
panied him  to  Gyarus;  when  they 
were  at  a  loss  for  the  necessaries  of  life 
he  hired  himself  out  as  a  diver  for  the 

Eurple-fi^h ;  with  his  earnings  in  this 
ard  and  perilous  occupation  he  sup- 
ported Dinias,  during  a  long  sickness 
he  tended  him,  and  when  he  was  dead, 
would  not  even  then  return  to  his 
country,  but  remained  in  the  island, 
not  liking  to  desert  even  the  corpse  of 
his  friend.  Here  you  see,  Toxaris, 
what  a  Greek  can  do ;  and  this  hap- 
pened not  long  ago,  for  scarce  five 
years^  have  elapsed  since  Agathocles 
died  in  Gyarus. ' 

There  is  one  feature  of  this  nar- 
rative that  must  almost  have  forced 
itself  on  the  attention  of  the  reader; 
we  allude  to  the  ease  with  which  Aga- 
thocles— by  birth  and  education  a 
gentleman — adapts  himself  to  his  al^ 
tered  circumstances.  His  fortune  has 
been  sacrificed  in  the  cause  of  friend- 
ship, and  being  reduced  to  the  utmost 
poverty,  he  finds  no  difficulty  in  sup- 
plying his  own  wants  and  those  of  his 
sick  friend  by  the  labour  of  his  hands. 
In  the  following  tales,  two  other  si- 
milar instances  will  present  themselves 
to  our  notice.  In  fact,  in  the  education 
of  the  ancient  world  the  development 
of  the  body  was  at  least  as  much  rer 
garded  as  that  of  the    intellect;  in 


^0 


TTie  Toxaris  ofLucian, 


[Jan. 


wliich  there  was  this  advantage,  among 
others,  that  on  any  sudden  reverse  the 
unfortunate  person  found  himself  on  a 
par  with,  and  not  reduced  below  the 
level  of,  an  able-bodied  pauper.  In 
the  present  day  the  development  of 
the  physique  is  lefl  to  the  caprice  of 
each  individual,  and  forms  no  part  of 
any  system  of  education,  the  ill  effects 
of  which  we  may  learn  from  the  nu- 
merous lugubrious  statements  that  have 
lately  appeared  in  the  columns  of  The 
Times,  of  the  helplessness  and  inef- 
ficiency of  many  of  the  immigrants 
who  have  lately  crowded  the  ports  of 
Australia. 

There  is  another  point,  though  of 
less  interest,  on  which  we  would  also 
make  some  comment.  We  have  seen 
that  Chariclea  sends  her  lover  garlands 
that  are  half- withered,  by  wnich  he 
was  to  infer  that  they  had  for  some 
time  graced  her  fair  brows — a  circum- 
stance that  would,  of  course,  give  them 
in  his  eyes  a  charm  which  the  freshest 
ornaments  of  the  parterre  would  want. 
To  the  flowers,  mdeed,  we  raise  no 
objection,  but  the  mutilated  apples  that 
accompanied  them  do  not  equally  find 
favour  in  our  eyes.  The  custom  of 
lovers  presenting  each  other  with  fruit 
and  other  delicacies  out  of  which  they 
had  previously  bitten  a  morsel,  thus 
enhancing  the  value  of  the  gifl,  is  also 
alluded  to  by  St.  Jerome  (osctda  prcs' 
gustatique  cibi.  Epist.  ad  Matrem  et 
Filiam),  and,  though  he  mentions  it  in 
terras  of  reproof,  his  censure  arises 
rather  from  his  general  disapprobation 
of  the  tender  passion,  and  everything 
connected  with  it,  than  from  any  parti- 
cular dislike  of  the  practice  in  question. 

A  similar  custom  prevailed  among 
our  own  ancestors,  who  found  a  plea- 
sure unknown  to  their  descendants  in 
drinking  out  of  the  same  cup  with  the 
objects  of  their  affections.  The  beau- 
tiful lines  of  Ben  Jonson  will  at  once 
recur  to  the  reader's  mind — 

Leave  but  a  kiM  within  the  cnp, 
And  ril  not  look  for  wine. 

This  practice  was  subsequently  im- 
proved on,  and  at  length  was  carried 
to  such  an  extent  that  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  last  century  enthusiastic 
admirers  of  beauty  were  in  the  habit 
of  i)rocuring  their  mistresses*  shoes  or 
slippers,  and  out  of  these  singular  gob- 
lets quafling  healths  to  the  objects  of 
their  adoration.  In  the  present  day 
9 


we  believe  all  these  practices  to  be 
utterly  exploded. 

We  now  return  to  Mnesippus  and 
Toxaris.  "My  next  instance,'  proceeds 
the  former,  "shall  be  Euthydicus  of 
Chalcis.  It  was  Simylus  the  ship- 
master told  me,  and  he  swore  that  he 
saw  it  all  with  his  own  eyes.  'The 
Pleiads  were  just  setting,*  said  he, 
*•  when  I  made  sail  from  Italy  for  Athens. 
I  had  several  passengers  on  board, — 
amongst  them  Euthydicus,  and  a  friend 
of  his,  Damon  ;  the  former  a  stout, 
likely  young  fellow,  but  Damon  was 
pale  and  weakly,  recovering,  I  should 
think,  from  a  long  sickness.  We  had 
a  good  passage  as  far  as  Sicily,  but, 
once  through  the  strait  and  in  the 
Ionian  sea,  a  tremendous  storm  over- 
took us.  I  need  not  describe  it  you. 
Suffice  it  to  say,  we  took  in  all  our 
sail,  and  threw  out  coils  of  rope  to 
break  the  force  of  the  waves.  We 
were  now  off  Zacynthus,  and  'twas 
nearly  midnight.  The  tossing  of  the 
waves  had  made  Damon  sick :  he  was 
leaning  over  the  side  of  the  vessel, 
when  the  ship  gave  a  sudden  lurch 
leewards,  and  pitched  him  head-fore- 
most into  the  sea.  He  had  his  clothes 
on,  so  could  not  well  swim.  However, 
he  just  kept  his  head  above  water,  and 
cried  out  for  aid.  Euthydicus  was 
undressed,  and  in  bed.  The  instant  he 
heard  Damon's  voice,  he  jum|)ed  up 
and  leaped  overboard,  and,  just  as  his 
friend  was  losing  heart,  he  caught  hold 
of  him,  and  swum  by  his  side  support- 
ing him.  We  on  deck  saw  them  clearly 
enough,  for  the  moon  shone  bright. 
We  felt  for  the  poor  fellows,  but  could 
not  do  much  to  nelp  them.  However, 
we  threw  out  some  corks  and  long 
poles,  and  last  of  all  the  ship's  ladder. 
Here  ended  the  shipmaster's  story: 
and  now  tell  me,  Toxaris,  was  not  this 
a  good  test  of  friendship  ?  Picture  to 
yourself,  if  you  can,  the  billows  tum- 
bling and  roaring;  the  whirlpools  boil- 
ing; on  all  sides  darkness  and  despair; 
then  the  drowning  man  struggling  and 
throwing  up  his  arms  for  aid ;  the 
other  leaping  overboard  and  swimming 
by  his  side,  fearing  only  lest  his  Damon 
should  perish,  and  he  be  lefl  alive. 
You  will,  I  think,  then  admit  that  Eu- 
thydicus was  a  friend  you  do  not  meet 
with  every  day."  "  And  pray,"  replies 
Toxaris,  "were  they  lost?  One  can 
scarce  hope  they  were  saved.    I  am 


1854.] 


7%tf  Toxaria  ofLudan. 


41 


much  concerned  for  them,  I  assure 
you,"  "Cheer  up,  my  good  friend," 
answers  Mnesippus ;  "  they  got  safe 
to  land,  and  are  at  this  day  in  Athens, 
where  they  devote  themselves  to  the 
study  of  philosophy.  The  shipmaster's 
narrative  you  have  heard ;  the  rest  of 
the  story  I  have  from  Euthydicus. 
*  First,'  said  he,  *  we  laid  hold  of  the 
corks,  and  so  kept  our  heads  above 
water.  Just  as  day  broke  we  caught 
sight  of  the  ship's  ladder.  We  swam 
to  it,  and,  climbmg  upon  it,  floated  in 
well  enough  to  Zacynthus.' " 

The  tale  just  ended  will,  we  think, 
be  found  the  least  attractive  of  the 
whole  number,  as  it  has  in  it  little  or 
nothing  that  stamps  it  as  belonging  to 
any  particular  ase  or  country.  Indeed 
it  is  quite  as  likely  that  the  incident 
should  have  happened  any  day  last 
week  in  the  British  Channel,  as  seven- 
teen hundred  years  ago  in  the  Ionian 
sea.  The  two  following  narratives  are 
more  characteristic : — 

"Eudamidas  of  Corinth,"  resumes 
Mnesippus,  "  had  two  friends,  and 
though  exceedingly  poor  himself,  they, 
on  the  contrary,  were  wealthy  enough. 
At  his  death  he  lefl  a  will,  which  some 
people  would  think  ridiculous;  but 
you,  Toxaris,  are  a  man  of  honour, 
and  set  a  high  value  upon  friendship  : 
so  you,  I  fancy,  will  not  find  it  so. 
The  will  ran  as  follows  : — *  I  bequeath 
to  Aretseus  my  mother,  to  support  in 
her  old  age ;  to  Churixenus  my  daugh- 
ter, to  bestow  in  marriage,  giving  her 
the  best  portion  his  means  will  anord  : 
should  either  of  the  two  die  his  legacy 
is  to  go  over  to  the  survivor.'  When 
the  will  was  read — *  Pretty  legacies,' 
cried  the  hearers,  *for  Aretajus  and 
Charixenus!  should  they  take  them, 
they  will  not  so  much  be  legatees  of 
the  testator  as  the  testator  willbe  their 
l^atee.'  However,  when  Aretaeus  and 
Charixenus  heard  of  it,  they  at  once 
declared  they  would  carry  out  the  will. 
Five  days  after  the  death  of  the  testa- 
tor Charixenus  also  died.  *  My  course 
now  is  plain,'  cried  Aretaeus ;  '  I  will 
take  home  Eudamidas's  mother  and 
cherish  her  old  age.  As  to  his  daughter, 
I  have  but  five  talents  in  all — two  shall 
be  her  portion  and  two  my  own  daugh- 
ter's, and  their  weddings  shall  take 
place  both  on  one  day.*  So  said,  so 
done ;  and  now  what  say  you,  Toxaris, 
to  Aretseus  ?  was  not  he  a  fine  fellow 

Gbht.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


to  accept  such  a  legacy  as  that  ? '  *  He 
was  indeed,'  answers  Toxaris;  *but 
I  rather  admire  the  confidence  that 
Eudamidas  had  in  his  friend.  He  showed 
by  it  that  he  would  in  their  place  have 
done  the  same,  had  no  such  bequest 
been  made.'  *  There  indeed  you  are 
right,'  rejoins  Mnesippus.  *  But  I 
now  come  to  my  fourth  instance,  which 
is  that  of  Zenothemis,  of  Massilia.  You 
must  know  I  was  once  sent  on  an  em- 
bassy into  Italy ;  when  I  was  there,  a 
friend  one  day  called  my  attention  to 
a  gentleman  and  lady  who  were  riding 
in  a  travelling  carriage — the  man  was 
handsome  and  well-made,  and  to  all 
appearance  wealthy — while  the  lady 
who  sat  by  him  was  blind  of  one  eye, 
with  her  right  side  withered — in  short, 
a  mere  hobgoblin.  '  I  wonder,'  cried 
I,  '  how  a  fine  young  fellow  like  that 
can  endure  such  a  hideous  creature  by 
his  side.'  ^  I  will  tell  you  all  about  it,' 
said  my ^  friend :  '  I  am  myself  from 
Massilia,  whence  these  people  come  ; 
Menecrates,  this  ill-favoured  lady's  fa- 
ther, and  Zenothemis  her  husband,  were 
intimate  friends — they  were  both  men 
of  wealth,  and  among  the  most  re- 
spected inhabitants  of  the  city.  After 
a  time  Menecrates  was  charged  before 
the  Council  of  Six  Hundred  with  hav- 
ing, when  in  office,  given  judgment 
against  law  :  he  was  found  guilty,  and 
mulcted  in  his  whole  property,  besides 
losing  his  civil  rights — so  heavy  is  the 
penalty  for  that  crime  amongst  us 
Massilians.  He  poured  out  his  griefs 
in  the  bosom  of  his  friend.  '  Which 
way  shall  I  turn  ? '  cried  he ;  '  my 
fortune  and  my  character  are  both 
gone — that  perhaps  I  could  bear  :  but 
my  poor  daughter !  she  is  now  just 
eighteen,  and  with  all  my  property 
I  could  scarce  hope  that  the  lowest 
and  most  ill-conditioned  groom  in  the 
city  would  take  her,  ill-favoured  as 
she  is;  besides,  as  you  know,  she  is 
subject  to  the  falling  sickness  at  the 
increase  of  the  moon — who,  then,  will 
marry  her  now  ? '  '  Never  fear,  man,* 
replied  his  friend;  'you  shall  never 
know  want  yourself,  and  your  daughter 
shall  have  a  husband  suited  to  her 
birth.'  He  then  took  his  hand  and 
led  him  to  his  house ;  there  he  divided 
his  fortune — and  it  was  no  small  one — 
equally  with  Menecrates.  A  few  days 
after  he  bade  his  servants  prepare  an 
entertainment,  and  invite  all  bis  ac- 

G 


42 


The  ToxarU  ofLucian, 


[Jan. 


quaintances.  *  There  is  one  who  will 
marry  your  daughter/  said  he  to  his 
friend. 

"The  feast  ended  and  libations  made, 
the  host  handed  a  brimming  goblet  to 
Menecrates.  'Accept/  cried  he,  *your 
8on-in-law*s  pledge:  I  it  is  who  will 
marry  your  daughter ;  and  I  hereby 
declare  I  received  her  dowry  long  ago ; 
'twas  five  and  twenty  talents.'  '  It  must 
not  be,'  replied  the  father,  *  that  you 
shall  not  do.  I  hope  I  am  not  so  far 
lost  to  all  sense  of  propriety  as  to  see 
you— a  fine  handsome  young  man — 
yoked  with  an  ill-favoured  deformed 
girl.'  Zenothemis  made  no  reply,  but 
taking  the  bride  by  the  hand,  led  her 
to  the  nuptial  chamber.  Since  that, 
he  has  lived  with  her,  Always  exhibit- 
ing the  tenderest  attachment,  and  tak- 
ing her  with  him  everywhere,  as  you 
see.  So  far,  indeed,  is  he  from  being 
ashamed  of  his  marriage,  that  he  seems 
to  take  pride  in  it.  *  oeauty  and  de- 
formity, says  he,  *  wealth  and  poverty, 
reputation  and  the  want  of  it,  are  all  the 
same  to  me  :  there  is  one  thing  I  look 
at, — my  friend,  and  he  is  the  same  man 
now  that  he  was  before  the  sentence 
of  the  Six  Hundred.'  Even  in  this 
respect,  however,  fortune  has  favoured 
Zenothemis ;  his  ugly  wife  has  brought 
him  the  loveliest  boy  man  ever  set  eyes 
on.  One  day  his  father  took  him  in 
his  arms  and  carried  him  to  the  council 
chamber.  He  was  dressed  in  a  mourn- 
ing robe,  with  an  olive  wreath  on  his 
head,  that  he  might  plead  the  more 
pitifully  for  his  grandfather.  The  babe 
smiled  upon  the  senators  and  clapped 
his  little  hands,  at  which  sight  they 
were  so  affected  that  they  remitted 
Menecrates's  sentence,  and  he  is  now 
a  citizen  asain."  Such  was  the  story 
the  Massilian  told  me  of  Zenothemis  s 
conduct  to  his  friend." 

In  the  last  narrative  may  be  ob- 
served a  striking  difference  of  senti- 
ment from  that  now  existing.  An 
offence  like  that  committed  by  Mene- 
crates would,  in  the  present  day,  be 
looked  on  as  excluding  the  offender 
from  the  society  of  honest  men  and 
good  citizens  ;  more  especially  if,  as  in 
the  case  before  us,  the  sentence  which 
convicted  him  of  guilt  had  also  de- 
prived him  of  his  property.  That 
under  these  circumstances  Zenothemis 
should  stick  to  his  friend  might  be  ex- 
pected from  the  exalted  idea  he  enter- 


tained of  the  obligations  imposed  by 
that  relation ;  but  that  he  should  in- 
vite all  his  acquaintance  to  a  banquet 
to  meet  him,  and  that  the  disgraced 
person  should  be  received  among 
them  as  he  apparently  was,  quite  on 
his  former  footing,  gives  us  no  very 
high  opinion  of  the  state  of  morality 
which  prevailed  among  the  people  of 
Marseilles. 

These  two  tales  also  exhibit  in  a 
striking  light  a  subject  we  have  touched 
on  before — the  notion  entertained  of 
the  proper  sphere  of  females  by  the 
ancient  world.  In  the  capacities  of 
wives  and  mothers  they  were  indeed 
recognised,  but  the  quiet  round  of 
duties  now  allotted  to  the  maiden  aunt 
found  no  place  in  the  social  system  of 
bygone  times.  "  To  suckle  fools  and 
chronicle  small  beer"  is  the  part  al- 
lotted to  that  sex  by  lago,  and  the 
duties  assigned  to  the  Grecian  and 
Roman  ladies  were  apparently  not  verj 
different.  Indeed,  the  idea  of  their 
female  relatives  remaining  in  a  state  of 
celibacy  seems  never  for  a  moment  to 
have  flashed  across  the  minds  of  the 
fathers  and  brothers  of  those  days. 
Thus  we  find  Eudamidas,  when  dying 
in  penury,  imposes  on  his  friend  the 
obligation  of  providing  a  dowry  for 
his  child;  and  Menecrates,  not  only 
impoverished  but  disgraced,  is  chiefly 
harassed  with  the  care  of  disposing  in 
marriage  of  his  deformed  and  epileptic 
daughter. 

We  now  come  to  Mnesippus's  last 
story : — "  I  should  be  inexcusable," 
says  he,  "  were  I  to  pass  over  Deme- 
trius of  Sunium.  He  and  Antiphilus 
of  Alopece  had  been  playmates  in 
childhood,  and  friends  as  young  men, 
and  at  last  they  sailed  to  Egypt  to- 
gether for  their  education.  1  ou  have 
neard  of  the  Ehodian  Agathobulus, 
who  taught  philosophy  at  ^exandria  ? 
Well,  Demetrius  studied  the  Cynical 
doctrines  under  him,  while  Antiphilus 
turned  his  attention  to  medicine.  In 
Egypt  they  tell  you  that  the  Pyramids, 
lofty  as  they  are,  cast  no  shadow,  and 
that  the  statue  of  Memnon  utters  a 
sound  at  the  rising  of  the  sun.  Deme- 
trius wished  to  see  and  hear  for  him- 
self. He  accordingly  sailed  up  the 
Nile;  but  his  friend  staid  behind, 
being  afraid  of  the  heat  and  fatigue  of 
the  excursion.  Demetrius  had  been 
six  months  away,  when  Antiphilus  fell 


1854.] 


The  Toxaris  ofLucian, 


4d 


into  misfortunes,  in  which  he  would 
hare  found  the  value  of  a  true  friend. 
A  slave  of  his — a  Syrian — along  with 
some  burglars  whose  acquaintance  he 
had  made,  broke  into  the  temple  of 
Anubis.  Amongst  other  things  they 
carried  off  two  salvers  and  a  herald  s 
staff,  all  of  gold,  and  two  silver  images 
of  dog-faced  baboons.*  The  Sj^rian 
took  charge  of  the  booty,  and  the  thieves 
were  soon  caught  offering  for  sale  some 
of  the  stolen  goods :  when  put  to  the 
torture  they  confessed  their  crime,  and, 
being  led  to  Antiphilus*s  lodgings,  they 
brought  out  the  plunder,  which  was 
hid  in  a  corner  under  the  bed.  Both 
the  slave  and  his  master  were  thrown 
into  prison;  the  latter,  indeed,  was 
dragged  away  from  the  school  he  was 
attending;  no  one  offered  him  any  help; 
those,  indeed,  who  had  previously 
courted  his  acquaintance  now  shrunk 
from  his  touch.  *We  are  polluted,' 
cried  they,  *  by  having  eaten  and  drunk 
with  the  wretch.*  His  two  other  slaves 
seized  the  opportunity,  packed  up  his 
goods,  and  ran  off  with  them.  In  the 
prison  the  unhappy  young  man  was 
looked  on  as  the  most  depraved  of 
the  malefactors  there.  *  I  shall  gratify 
Anubis,*  said  the  jailer,  a  devout  man, 
'by  treating  my  prisoner  with  harshness.' 
Did  Antiphilus  assert  his  innocence  ? 
'  Shameless  villain ! '  was  the  reply,  and 
his  treatment  was  worse  than  before. 
Soon  a  low  fever  crept  on  him,  and  no 
wonder — he  slept  on  the  ground  with 
his  legs  in  the  stocks ;  by  day,  indeed,  a 
collar  on  his  neck  and  a  chain  on  one 
hand  were  held  sufficient,  but  for  the 
nu^ht  his  whole  body  must  be  fastened. 
•  This  is  more  than  I  can  bear,*  cried 
the  captive;  'this  stench  and  suffo- 
cating crowd,  this  clank  of  chains  keep- 
ing me  from  my  rest.  I  will  take  no 
more  food,  and  so  make  an  end.*  Just 
then  Demetrius  returned  from  his 
journey ;  they  told  him  what  had  be- 
fallen, and  he  ran  at  once  to  the  prison ; 
it  was  evening,  and  the  jailer  had  long 
ago  shut  the  door  and  gone  to  sleep, 
bidding  his  slaves  keep  watch,  so  there 
was  no  admittance  for  poor  Demetrius. 
Next  morning  at  daybreak  he  went 
again,  and  by  prayers  and  tears  effected 


an  entrance.  You  have  seen  people 
after  a  battle  searching  for  the  corpses 
of  their  relatives;  just  so  did  De- 
metrius examine  the  face  of  each  pri- 
soner in  searching  for  Antiphilus.  So 
altered  was  the  poor  wretch,  that  his 
friend  would  never  have  found  him, 
had  he  not  called  out  his  name.  The 
captive  on  hearing  it,  and  seeing  his 
friend  approaching,  parted  his  filthy  and 
matted  locks  and  drew  them  back  from 
his  face.  At  the  sight  of  each  other  their 
heads  swam,  and  they  both  swooned 
away.  After  a  time  Demetrius  came 
to  himself  and  restored  his  friend  to 
life;  he  first  heard  his  story  from 
beginning  to  end,  then  tearing  his 
cloak  f  in  two,  he  threw  one  half  over 
his  own  shoulders  and  the  other  he 
^ave  to  Antiphilus,  having  first  stripped 
him  of  his  dirty  rags.  '  Be  comforted,' 
said  he, '  dear  Antiphilus ;  I  will  hire 
myself  out  to  the  traders  at  the  harbour, 
and  will  work  as  porter  from  daybreak 
to  noon  ;  by  that  I  shall  earn  a  good 
sum ;  part  will  serve  to  make  the  iailer 
more  reasonable,  and  the  rest  will  be 
enough  to  provide  us  with  necessaries. 
When  my  work  is  over,  I  will  come 
and  sit  with  you,  and  for  the  night  I 
will  make  a  bed  of  leaves  near  the 
prison-door,  so  even  then  I  shall  not 
be  far  from  you.*  He  did  so,  and 
some  time  passed  in  this  way;  De- 
metrius went  in  and  out  as  he  pleased, 
and  Antiphilus  found  his  misfortunes 
more  tolerable. 

"  At  length  one  in  the  prison  died — 
of  poison,  Uiey  said — so  a  strict  watch 
was  set  and  no  one  allowed  ingress. 
'  What  shall  I  do  now  ?'  cried  Deme- 
trius. '  I  will  go  to  the  Vice -prefect 
and  charge  myself  as  accessary  to  the 

5 lot  for  plundering  Anubis*s  temple.' 
*his  done,  he  was  led  off  to  prison. 
'Fasten  me  in  the  same  collar  with 
Antiphilus,'  said  he.  He  was  now 
sick  himself,  still  he  made  sport  of  his 
sufferings,  in  hope  he  might  get  Anti- 
philus to  take  a  little  rest.  Thus  each 
found  his  misery  lightened  by  the 
companionship  of  the  other.  But  now 
their  fortune  took  a  new  turn :  a  pri- 
soner sot  a  file,  and,  a  good  number  of 
the  others  being  in  his  plot,  sawed 


♦  Probably  images  of  the  god  himself,  the  latralor  Anubis  of  Virgil. 

t  This  cloak,  with  a  staff,  were  the  distingaishing  marks  of  a  Cynic.  In  the  closing 
speech  of  Demetrius  to  Antiphilus,  in  which  he  alludes  to  the  paucity  of  his  wants, 
the  Cynic  again  peeps  out. 


44 


Correspondence  of  Syhanue  Urban, 


[Jan. 


through  the  chain  that  ran  through 
their  collars  and  fastened  them  toge- 
ther. Being  thus  at  liberty,  thej  killed 
their  guards  and  broke  out  in  a  body. 
They  then  separated,  each  hiding  where 
he  could ;  most  of  them  however  were 
soon  taken.  The  two  friends  remained 
where  they  were,  and  not  only  that, 
but  they  laid  hold  of  the  Syrian  as'he 
WAS  making  his  escape,  and  kept  him 
with  them.  When  day  came,  the  Prefect 
heard  what  had  happened;  he  sent 
soldiers  in  pursuit  of  the  runaways;  for 
the  two  friends,  he  complimented  them 
on  their  behaviour,  and  loosed  them 
from  their  chains.  But  this  by  no 
means  satisfied  them.  *  Hard  mea- 
sure have  we,'  cried  Demetrius;  *  being 
innocent,  we  were  thrown  into  prison, 
and  are  now  set  at  liberty — not  as  an 
act  of  justice,  but  an  act  of  grace.'  At 
last  he  carried  his  point  that  the  judge 
who  had  passed  sentence  should  inves- 
tigate the  case  again.  Their  innocence 


quickly  appeared.  'Antiphilus  has 
won  my  esteem,'  said  the  ludge ;  *•  but 
Demetrius  my  admiration.  Then  turn- 
ing to  them,  *  You  must  permit  me,' 
added  he,  *  to  present  you,  Antiphilus, 
with  10,000  drachmas,  and  you,  Deme- 
trius, with  twice  that  sum.'  To  con- 
clude, Antiphilus  is  at  this  day  living 
in  Egypt,  and  Demetrius  has  travelled 
into  India  to  visit  the  Brachmans, 
having  given  up  to  his  friend  his 
20,000  drachmas.  *  You  will  pardon 
me,'  ^aid  he  to  Antiphilus,  '  if  I  leave 
you  now.  I,  for  my  part,  shall  have  no 
use  for  this  money  so  long  as  my  wants 
are  as  few  as  they  are;  and  you,  in  the 
good  circumstances  I  shall  leave  you 
in,  will  stand  in  no  need  of  a  friend.*" 
Here  end  the  instances  of  friendship 
brought  forward  by  Mne8ipi)us.  Those 
which  the  Scythian  adduces  in  support 
of  his  side  of  the  question,  our  limited 
space  compels  us  to  omit. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

English  riiyisicians  in  Kassia— Knights  Banneret— Sir  Constantinc  Phipps  and  Sir  William  PhiptH- 

Diaries  of  Dr.  Stukeley — Counsels'  Fees. 

English  Physicians  in  Russia. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  first  intercourse  be- 
tween England  and  Russia  partook  some- 
what of  a  romantic  character.  In  the  year 
1553  some  of  our  daring  Northern  naviga- 
tors landed  on  the  shores  of  the  White 
Sea,  and  were  most  hospitably  received  by 
the  inhabitants,  in  other  respects  not  far 
removed  from  barbarism.  News  of  the 
event  reached  the  ears  of  the  prince  of  the 
country,  and,  surprised  how  strangers  could 
so  have  found  their  way  to  bis  land,  the 
interest  of  Ivan  IV.  was  excited.  He  at 
once  sent  for  the  visitors,  and  was  so  much 
pleased  with  them,  and  their  narrations  of 
their  search  for  unknown  lands,  their 
country  and  its  Queen,  that  the  returning 
mariners  were  charged  with  almost  diplo- 
matic functions,  and  the  foundations  of  a 
communication  and  trade,  advantageous 
to  both  countries,  were  soon  laid.  Queen 
Elizabeth  was  nothing  loth  to  favour  the 
advances  of  her  new  ally,  and  the  cour- 
tiers around  her  seized  the  opportunity  of 
pushing  into  this  new  field  of  commerce 
all  the  means  of  advancing  their  interests 
which  the  monopolising  spirit  of  the  times 
afforded  them. 

In  the  year  1556  preparations  were 
made  for  receiving  the  ambassador  of  the 
J>uk€  of  MoscoTia;  and  the  Privy  Council 


sent  letters  to  the  Sheriffs  requiring  every 
attention  to  be  paid,  and  entertainment  to 
be  provided  for  him.  The  formation  and 
success  of  the  Russian  Company  of  Mer- 
chants is  well  known ;  and  its  affairs,  or 
circumstances  arising  out  of  them,  were 
often  the  subjects  of  communication  be- 
tween  the  Sovereigns  of  the  two  countries 
and  their  officials.  The  health  of  the 
English,  who  resided  in  Russia  on  account 
of  this  trade,  soon  suffered  from  the  effects 
of  the  climate,  and  a  physician  was  fonnd 
a  necessary  appendage  to  the  staff  of  the 
officers  of  the  Russian  Company.  It  ap- 
pears that  their  treatment  of  cases  excited 
the  attention  of  the  sovereign  prince  him  • 
self  to  such  an  extent  as  to  induce  him  to 
make  a  formal  request  to  our  Queen,  that 
one  at  least  of  their  number  might  be 
attached  to  his  own  household ;  and  by 
the  conditions  of  the  service  thus  entered 
into  the  personal  liberty  of  the  individual 
was  not  at  his  own  disposal. 

In  illustration  of  these  circumstances  t 
subjoin  transcripts  of  two  drafts  of  letters 
from  Queen  Elizabeth  and  James  I.  to  the 
Emperor  of  Russia,  requesting  permission 
for  certain  physicians  in  his  service  to 
come  to  England  for  a  time. 

The  subject  of  the  first  letter  was  Mark 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


45 


Ridley,  a  member  of  the  University  of 
Cambridgfe,  who  afterwards  attained  an 
eminent  position  in  his  profession.  He  is 
also  known  to  the  student  of  the  mathe- 
matical works  of  the  seventeenth  century 
by  his  '*  Short  Treatise  of  Magnetiod 
Bodies  and  Motions,"  in  the  title  to  which 
he  described  himself  as  **  latly  Pbysition 
to  the  Emperonr  of  Russia/'  In  this 
work  he  is  said  to  have  appropriated  some 
of  the  discoveries  and  ideas  of  William 
Barlowe,  Archdeacon  of  Salisbury,  the 
author  of  **  The  Navigators  supply,"  and 
other  scientific  works;  and  upon  whose 
'*  Magnetical  Advertisements  "  he  published 
some  "  Animadversions."  The  contro- 
versy was  very  decently  conducted  for 
that  time,  though  Barlow  hinted  that  Rid- 
ley's high-sounding  title  had  been  but 
lightly  earned,  adding,  **  Out  of  all  ques- 
tion somewhat  it  is  more  then  ordinarie, 
that  maketh  him  of  so  hauty  a  spirit  so  to 
brave  the  world  with  such  prodigious  as- 
sertions of  his  magneticals.^' 

The  Queen's  request  was  complied  with, 
and  Ridley  certainly  came  to  England. 
As  he  did  not  return  to  Russia,  perhaps 
the  promise  of  Elizabeth  to  send  some 
other  of  her  physicians  was  acted  upon. 
The  letter  was  written  just  when  the  go- 
vernment of  Russia  bad  passed  into  the 
hands  of  Boris  Godunow,  the  scheming 
brother-in-law  of  the  weak  Feodore  Ivano- 
witz,  the  last  of  the  ancient  sovereigns  of 
Russia,  the  descendants  of  Ruric.  The 
circumstances  of  the  election  of  the  new 
Emperor,  as  of  one  who  had  previously 
shown  himself  favourable  to  the  English 
merchants,  are  referred  to  as  strengti^en- 
ing  the  alliance  already  existing.  The  let- 
ter is,  in  fact,  one  of  congratulation  as  well 
as  business.  A  previous  letter  had  been 
addressed  to  the  late  Emperor,  with  the 
operation  of  which  his  death  had  interfered. 

From  the  date  given  in  the  endorsement 
to  the  letter,  it  will  be  seen  that  more  than 
a  twelvemonth  would  elapse  before  the 
physician  could  even  embark  for  England 
at  the  **  Port  of  St.  Michael,'*  as  Archangel 
was  then  called. 

"  Elizabeth,  &c.  To  the  ryght  high, 
right  mightie,  &c.  When  we  heard  that 
after  the  death  of  the  late  Emperor  Theo- 
dore Evanowich,  our  good  brother  and 
allie,  you'  H.  were  by  generall  consent  of 
the  States  and  people  of  that  countrie 
elected  to  succeed  in  the  Imperiall  dignitie. 
Although  we  could  not  but  be  grieved  at 
the  losse  of  a  prince  w^**  whome  we  had  so 
good  amitie,  yet  were  we  much  comforted 
in  yo'  election,  remembering  the  kinde 
offices  to  o'selfe,  and  o'  subjectes  trafficqu- 
ing  there,  you  had  done  upon  all  occasions 
in  the  late  Emperor's  tyme,  as  well  for 
tUat  we  doubt  not  of  the  contynewance  of 


the  same  now,  as  also  for  that  we  were 
gladde  that  one  professing  good  wiUe  to 
us  should  receave  so  great  honor,  as  by 
generall  opynion  of  his  whole  nation  to  be 
tiiought  woorthy  to  be  their  Lord  and  So- 
veraigne.  To  whome  we  shall  be  readie 
on  our  part  to  contynue  all  offices  of  kynd- 
ness  and  friendship  that  shall  be  meet,  and 
hope  to  fynde  no  lesse  on  your  part.  At 
this  present  we  are  to  praie  you'  H.,  at 
the  request  of  the  freindes  of  Mark  Rydley 
o'  subject,  phisicien  to  the  late  Emperon 
whome  at  his  request  we  sent  unto  him, 
to  graunt  him  lycence  to  retome  hither, 
for  that  they  have  shewed  us  that  dyven 
causes  neerly  concerning  bis  private  estate 
doe  requyre  his  being  here,  and  cannot  be 
ordered  without  him.  Whereof  we  doubt 
not  but  your  H.  fynding  the  same  testy- 
fied  by  us  uppon  theire  information,  will 
have  princely  regarde,  and  withall  to  satisfie 
our  request,  who  shall  be  verie  readie  in 
any  like  matter  when  we  shall  understande 
your  desyre,  to  do  your  H.  like  pleasure  by 
returnyng  him,  or  some  other  of  our  owne 
phisyciens  to  attende  your  H.  Wherefore 
we  doubt  not  but  that  upon  the  receipt  of 
these  our  Tres  you  will  grant  the  said 
Mark  Rydley,  with  Tho.  Ridley,  Lancellot 
Nightingale,  and  James  Crauforth,  his 
servauntes,  your  lycence  to  depart  from 
your  Court  in  Aprill  next.  So  as  they 
may  be  with  your  protection  at  the  port 
of  S*  Michaell  there  to  meet  o**  first  fieete, 
and  w^''  them  the  next  yeare  retome  into 
our  realme.  And  whereas  lately,  before 
newes  were  come  to  us  of  the  death  of  yo' 
said  predecessor,  wo  wrott  o'  I're  to  him 
for  causes  concerning  o*^  subjectes,  we  doe 
not  doubt  but  y*  o**  Pre,  although  not  di- 
rected to  yo*^  Highnes,  shalbe  as  welcome 
to  you  as  if  they  had  ben  to  yo*^  selfe,  and 
have  the  same  effect  in  that  we  desire, 
which  we  pray  yo'  H'  they  may  have." 

Endorsed.  **  To  y*  Emperor  of  Russia.. 
29  May,  1598." 

The  subject  of  King  James's  letter  was 
Dr.  Reytingher  (a  Dutchman?)  who,  I 
believe,  also  attained  a  high  position  among 
medical  men.  The  draft  of  this  letter  is 
badly  written  in  the  cursive  hand  of  the 
time,  and  the  entire  reading  here  given 
would  very  likely  admit  of  some  correction 
as  to  a  few  words. 

Its  date  is  within  a  few  weeks  after  the 
King's  arrival  in  London,  and  appears  to 
require  the  presence  of  the  physician  to 
deal  with  some  infirmity  under  which  the 
King  himself  was  labouring,  though  this 
is  not  clearly  expressed.  Being  the  first 
communication  with  the  Russian  Emperor 
on  the  part  of  James,  it  also  possesses  a 
political  character  to  a  certain  extent,  and 
expresses  the  King's  esteem  and  good  will 
towards  his  northern  ally. 


46 


Correipondence  of  Sylvaniia  Urban. 


[Jan. 


"  Right  high,  right  excellent,  &c.  We 
have  for  some  causes  great  desire  to  use 
the  advise  of  one  Doctor  Christopher  Rey- 
tingher,  a  physicion  whome  we  understand 
to  be  in  y*^  service,  and  whose  skill  may 
serve  us  to  good  purpose  in  that  which  he 
can  practise  as  we  are  informed  above 
most  men.  Wherefore,  although  since  our 
access  to  this  o**  croun  of  England  there 
hath  not  yet  passed  anie  other  matter  of 
credence  towards  you,  yet  are  we  glad  y^  we 
have  occasion  to  acquaint  you  that  we  are 
mynded  to  continew  towards  you  all  y*^ 
good  will  w*^**  we  understand  was  avowed 


by  the  Queen  o'  sister  deceased  to  you,  in 
confydence  wherof  we  pray  you  to  give 
licence  to  the  seyd  Docto'  Christopher  to 
repaire  unto  us  for  a  tyme,  whom  we  will 
as  willingly  license  to  return  to  you  when 
we  have  bad  use  of  him  in  such  things  as 
we  desire  using  his  skill  in.  And  will  take 
it  in  very  kinde  and  thankfull  part  to  ob- 
tain our  request  of  you. 
(Endorsed)    **  To  the  Emperor  of  Russia 

for    D''.   Xp'ofer    Reytingher, 

Mail,  1603.^' 

J.  B. 


Yours,  &c. 


Knights  Bannerkt. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  following  passages 
bear  upon  the  inquiry  made  by  H,  in  the 
'<  Minor  Correspondence  ''  of  August. 
tie  asks,  "  is  there  any  evidence  that 
Knights  Banneret  were  created  under  ihe 
toyed  banner  displayed  ?  ^' 

'  Sir  Harris  Nicolas,  in  the  Introduction 
to  his  History  of  the  Orders  of  Knight- 
hood, says — *'  A  Banneret  could  only  be 
created  when  the  king's  banner  was  dis- 
played ;  and  Froissart  has  given  some  pic- 
turesque descriptions  gf  the  ceremony.'' 
Then,  citing  Froissart,  he  states  that,  '*  in 
the  Prince  of  Wales^  expedition  to  Spain 
in  1367,  Sir  John  Chandos  served  in  the 
van  of  the  army,  and  on  the  morning  of 
the  battle  of  Navarret"  was  created  a 
Banneret.  And  that  "  Sir  Thomas  Tryvet, 
a  distinguished  soldier,"  was  so  created 
"  before  Troys,  in  France,  in  1380."  But 
on  neither  of  these  occasions  was  the  king 
himself  present,  the  honour  being  con- 
ferred by  the  commander  of  the  army,  as 
**  the  sovereign's  lieutenant."  Further  on, 
Sir  Harris  Nicolas  says,  "  Bannerets  still 
formed  part  of  the  army  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.;  and  Sir  Ralph  Fane,  Sir 
Francis  Bryan,  and  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  were 
treated  Bannerets  by  the  protector  Somer- 
set, after  the  battle  of  Pinkney,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1547;  but  Sir  Thomas  Smith, 
who  wrote  in  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  if  not  before,  after  saying  that 
'  Knights  Banneret  are  made  on  the  field 
with  the  ceremony  of  cutting  off  the  points 
of  their  standards,  and  making  them  as  it 
were  banners,'  adds, '  this  Order  is  almost 
grown  out  of  use  in  England; '  and  in  the 
argument  on  the  claim  of  baronets  to  pre- 
cedency in  the  year  1612  it  was  said  that 
'  there  are  not  Bannerets  now  in  being, 
and  peradventure  never  shall  be.^  The  last 


time  when  a  Knight  Banneret  was  made 
in  England  has  not  been  precisely  ascer- 
tained ;  but  it  is  supposed  by  some  that 
Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  and  by  others  that  Sir 
John  Smith,  who  was  knighted  by  King 
Charles  I.  at  the  battle  of  Edgehill,  in 
October,  164;2,  for  having  secured  the 
royal  standard,  was  the  last  person  created 
to  that  dignity  ;  unless,  however,  Sir  John 
Smith's  banner  was  delivered  to  him  by 
bis  majesty  with  the  usual  formalities 
(which  is  very  doubtful)  he  could  not  have 
been  made  a  Banneret."  Furthermore, 
it  has  been  contended  that,  "as  King 
George  III.  knighted  Admirals  Pye  and 
Spry,  and  Captains  Knight,  Bickerton  and 
Vernon,  on  board  the  Barfleur  (which,  in 
consequence  of  his  majesty's  presence, 
then  bore  the  royal  standard)  in  June, 
1773, — and  that  as  he  conferred  the  same 
honour  on  Captain  TroUope  on  board  the 
Royal  Charlotte  yacht  (then  bearing  the 
royal  standard)  in  October,  1797 — those 
officers  became  Knights  Bannerets ;  but 
this  is  evidently  a  mistake,  because  the 
royal  ttandard  was  neither  displayed  in 
an  *  army  royaV  nor  in  *  open  trcr,"  nor 
were  banners  delivered  to  any  of  those 
officers.  In  1773  a  pamphlet  was  printed 
on  this  subject,  which  was  reprinted  in 
1779,  entitled,  '  A  short  inquiry  into  the 
nature  of  the  titles  conferred  at  Ports- 
mouth and  in  the  Camps  by  his  Majesty, 
in  1773  and  1778,  showing  the  origin  and 
ancient  privileges  of  Knights  Banneret,* 
(8vo.  pp.  24)  ;  and  that  none  of  the  offi- 
cers in  question  were  created  Knights 
Bannerets.  It  was  written  by  Sir  William 
Fitz  Herbert,  Bart.,  and  it  is  said  that 
only  twenty-four  copies  were  printed." 

Yours,  &c.  D. 


Sir  Constantine  Phipps  and  Sir  William  Puips. 


Mr.  Urban, — I  have  waited  for  your 
December  number  to  see  whether  any 
answer  would  be  given  to  the  inquiries 
of  your   Correspondent   X.   Z.    in  No- 


vember, respecting  the  Marquess  of  Nor- 
manby  and  the  Phipps  family.  But,  ob- 
serving no  reply  to  his  qneriet,  I  send 
you  the  following  particolan,  which  I  ool- 


1854.] 


Correipondefice  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


47 


leeted  some  time  ago,  under  Uiat  interest 
in  the  snbject  which  is  natural  to  the  pos- 
weaaan  of  the  same  name. 

First,  as  to  Sir  Constantioe,  the  known 
founder  of  thu  branch,  and  bis  personal 
history.  He  was  born  at  Reading,  in 
Berkshire,  in  1655,  if  we  may  trust  Coates^s 
History  of  Reading.  He  resided  many 
years  at  Heywood  House,  near  Reading, 
in  the  parish  of  White  Waltham,  as  ap- 
pears from  the  following  note  in  Heame's 
Chronicon  Prioratus  de  Dunstaple :  ^  Ne- 
que  tacendum  parochiam  de  White  Wal- 
tiiam  (eam  maxime  partem  quae  Heywood 
nuncupatnr)  in  saltu  Windelsoriano  si  tarn, 
yehementissime  placuisse  D.  Constantino 
Phipps,  tum  quum  tetate  floreret  turn  etiam 
postquam  jam  obrepsisset  senectus."  He 
was  admitted  a  student  of  Gray's  Inn  1 1th 
February,  1677,  but  the  entry  affords  no 
snich  satisfactory  particulars  as  your  Cor- 
respondent X.  Z.  was  led  to  expect  by 
jn^^ing  from  modem  entries  at  Inns  of 
Court    The  words  are  only  as  follow : 

"  1281  Phipps,  Constantine,  Reading, 
Berks,  11  February,  1677."  Videtheorigi- 
nal  Book  of  entries  (which  is  not  at  Gray's 
Inn  but  in  the  British  Museum),  entitled, 
Admittances  to  Gray*s  Inn,  Harl.  MSS. 
No.  1912,  foL  138.  This  confirms  Coates's 
statement  of  the  birthplace  of  Sir  Con- 
stantine. He  was  knighted  by  Queen 
Anne,  and  appointed  Lord  High  Chan- 
cellor of  Ireland,  22  January,  1710-11. 
He  was  appointed  one  of  the  Lords  Jus- 
stices  of  Ireland  22  Jan.  1710-11,  3  De- 
cember, 1711,  and  22  March,  1712.  In 
the  following  year,  viz.  1713,  the  Com- 
mons of  Ireland  petitioned  the  Queen  to 
femove  him  from  the  Chancellorship,  but 
the  House  of  Lords  and  the  Convocation 
addressed  her  Majesty  on  his  behalf.  He 
resigned  the  Chancellorship  9  October, 
17 14,  on  the  change  of  ministry  which  fol- 
lowed the  accession  of  George  I.  On  the 
20th  of  October,  1714,  Oxford  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  It  has 
been  said  that  '*  he  now  retired  to  the 
Middle  Temple,"  and  "  died  in  a  private 
station;'*  but  if  we  may  trust  the  evi- 
dence of  Hearne,  a  native  of  White 
Waltham,  he  returned  to  Hejftpoodf  and 
there  continued  etiam  postquam  jam  ob' 
repiiitei  teneeius.  His  connection' with 
Heywood  is  not  a  little  remarkable,  because 
the  Phipps  family  of  Westbury  Leigh 
(whose  pedigree  ascends  to  1568)  pur- 
chased a  residence  called  Heywood,  on 
the  borders  of  Berks,  from  the  Earls  of 
Marlborough  ;  and  these  two  houses, 
apparently  not  identical,  but  within  a  few 
miles  of  each  other,  were  occupied  by 
persons  of  the  same  name  for  several  gene- 
rations. Sir  Constantine^  Heywood  seems 
to  have  come  from  his  wife's  family.     She 


was  Catherine,  the  daughter  of  George 
Sawyer,  of  Bullingham,  Herefordshire 
(which  George  died  in  1665),  and  grand- 
daughter of  Sir  Edmund  Sawyer,  of  Hey- 
wood, Berks.  Sir  Constantine  died  on 
the  9th  of  October,  1723,  the  anniversary 
of  his  resignation,  and  was  buried  at  White 
Waltham,  where  the  following  inscription 
to  his  memory  was  placed  on  the  south 
wall  of  the  chancel,  near  the  communion 
table,  with  the  arms  over  it : — 

**  Siste  ;  properes  licet,  quisqnis  es ; 

£t  qualis  nic  quantusq.  tumuletur  Tir 

Paulisper  contemplare.*^ 

[On  a  large  marble  lower  down  : — ] 

*'  Is  est  Honorabilis  Constantinus 
Phipps  Miles,  Regni  Hibemiae  aliquot 
per  annos,  Imperante  optima  Principe 
Anna  Regin&,  Summus  Cancellarins,  ejus- 
demq.  Justiciarum  Regentium  alter.  Juris 
Anglis  peritissimus ;  precipne  vero  in 
CuriA  Scaccarii  versatus  ;  Ubi  inter  Advo- 
cates primus  obtinuit,  dignus  certe  cujus 
fama  posteris  tradatur }  Si  quid  habent 
honest!  mnlti&ria  eruditio,  eloquentia 
pressa  ac  nervosa,  in  maximis  honoribus 
eximia  humilitas  atq.  modestia;  simplex 
morum  candor,  politissima  urbanitate 
exomatus,  sapientiaacalliditate  abhorrens, 
nlacidissima  indoles,  inconcussa  forti- 
tudo,  probitas  antiqna,  pietas  vere  Chris- 
tiana. Infinite  tandem  Forensium  rerum 
labore  fractus  obiit  Londini  Oct.  9,' 17  23, 
setat.  68.  Uxorem  duxit  Catherinam  filiam 
natu  maximam  Georgii  Sawyer  Armig: 
filii  natu  maximi  Edmundi  Sawyer  Militis 
de  Heywood  in  comitatu  Berks ;  ex  qak 
undenos  suscepit  liberos,  Robertum,  Con- 
stantinum,  Franciscum,  Thomam,  Annam, 
qui  infantes  mortui  sunt ;  Catherinam 
nuptam  Henrico  Ingoldesby  armig:  e 
regno  Hibemiae  adhuc  superstitem  ;  Tho- 
mam et  Janam  defunctas  ;  Gulielmum 
Phipps  armig.  qui  uxorem  duxit  Honora- 
tiss*"  Dn*"  Catherinam  Annesley  Jacobi 
Comitis  de  Anglesey  filiam  unicam,  qui- 
que  obiit  Feb.  1 .  1729,  fet.  31 ;  Mariam  et 
Franciscam  nunc  etiam  superstes.  Eodem 
tumulo  deposita  est  dicta  D"*  Catherina 
Phipps  dicti  Constantini  vidua,  quae  in 
supremis  tabulis  hoc  monumentum  dilec- 
tissimo  marito  suis  sumptibus  poni  cura- 
vit.  Obiit  Oct.  30,  1728,  aetat.  68. 

The  Henry  Ingoldesby  mentioned  on 
the  monument  was  son  of  Sir  Richard 
Ingoldesby,  Commander  of  the  Forces, 
and  one  of  the  Lords  Justices  in  Ireland. 
So  much  for  the  particulars  unrecorded 
in  peerage  books  respecting  Sir  Constan- 
tine. These  go  to  negative  Warburton's 
assertion  at  p.  115  of  his  London  and 
Middlesex  Illustrated,  where,  writing 
about  the  trefoil  slipt  between  eight  mul- 
lets argent,  he  says,  **  these  arms  apper- 


48 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanue  Urban. 


[Jan. 


tain  to  the  descendants  of  the  late  Sir  Con* 
stantine  Phipps,  Knt,  who  was  of  Irish 
extraction,  as  by  a  pedigree  produced  with 
references  to  the  Office  of  Arms  in  Dublin, 
now  in  their  possession,  may  appear/* 
If  any  sUch  pedigree  had  been  in  posses • 
sion  of  the  family  it  would  have  been  com- 
municated to  some  of  the  various  authors 
of  peerages  since  Warburton*s  time,  who 
we  know  wrote  his  book  under  compul- 
sion ;  and  the  words  **  who  was  of  Irish 
extraction  *'  have  probably  no  other  foun- 
dation than  the  Chancellorship  of  Sir 
Constantine,  and  intermarriages  in  that 
country  subsequent  to  his  time.  As  he 
was  a  native  of  Reading,  some  connection 
may  possibly  exist  between  him  and  a 
certain  James  Phipps,  of  Swallowfield,  not 
far  from  Reading,  who  married  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Sir  Giles  Brydges,  first  Baro- 
net, of  Wilton  Castle,  Herefordshire, 
ancestor  of  the  Dukes  of  Chandos. 

Next,  as  to  Sir  William:  the  particulars 
I  have  of  him  are  these.  His  father  was 
James  Phips  (onep)  of  Bristol,  gunsmith, 
who  emigrated  to  New  England,  and  settled 
at  a  plantation  on  the  river  Kennebee,  in 
the  eastern  portion  of  that  country.  By 
his  wife,  who  was  living  in  1697»  James 
Phips  had  twenty  sons  and  five  daughters. 
His  younger  son  was  William  Phips,  who 
was  bom  at  his  father's  plantation  on  the 
2nd  of  February,  1650,  and,  being  there- 
fore only  five  years  old  at  the  birth  of  Sir 
Constantine,  the  theory  of  paternity  is  de- 
molished. William  was  baptised  at  North 
Boston,  23rd  March,  1 690,  being  then  forty 
years  of  age.  In  early  life  he  was  appren- 
ticed to  a  ship  carpenter,  with  whom  he 
stayed  four  years.  His  proceedings  in  re- 
lation to  the  treasure  are  to  be  (bund  in 
Biographical  Dictionaries,  and  need  no  re- 
petition here.  I  will  therefore  pass  on 
to  his  knighthood,  which  took  place  at 


Windsor,  28  Jnne,  1687.  Sir  William  was 
appointed  captain-general  and  governor- 
in -chief  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  1690  ; 
but  he  died  in  London,  18  February,  1694, 
and  was  buried  at  St.  Mary  Woolnoth, 
leaving  no  issue.  Lady  Phips  was  the 
daughter  of  Captain  Roger  Spencer,  and 
widow  of  John  Hull  of  Boston,  merchant, 
which  Roger  Spencer  is  stated  to  have  been 
a  man  "of  good  family.**  Sir  William 
bequeathed  all  his  possessions  to  his  wife, 
and  a  nephew  of  hers  assumed  the  name 
of  Phipps  or  Phips.  This,  I  conclude,  was 
the  son  of  her  brother,  that  is  to  say,  a 
certain  Colonel  Speneer-VhipSf  a  native  of 
New  England,  who  was  appointed  Lieut. - 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  May, 
1732,  vice  William  Tailer,  esq.  deceased, 
and  who  died  in  that  capacity  in  June, 
1757.*  Spencer's  widow  survived  till 
1764.  The  inscription  on  the  monument 
of  Sir  William  will  be  found  in  Maitland's 
London,  ii.  1145.  A  **  Life  of  his  Excel- 
lency  Sir  William  Phips,  knt."  with  the 
motto  "  Pietas  in  Patriam,''  was  printed 
in  London  in  1697,  and  bears  internal 
evidence  of  having  been  written  by  the 
Rev.  H.  Mather,  a  particular  friend  of 
his,  and  a  joint  agitator  for  the  charter 
granted  to  New  England.  In  some  lines 
at  the  end  of  this  volume,  the  following 
allusion  is  made  to  Sir  William  being 
without  issue  :— 

True  to  hia  mate,  from  whom  though  often  flown, 
A  stranger  yet  to  every  love  but  one ; 
Write  him  not  childless  whose  whole  people  were 
Sons— orphans  now— of  his  parental  care. 

The  foregoing  items  of  intelligence  in 

reply  to  X.  Z.  would  have  appeared  less 

disjointed  if  filled  up  by  conjecture,  but 

he  will  probably  prefer  the  naked  facts. 

Yours,  &c.     Robert  Phipps  Dod, 

Associateof  King's  College,  London. 


Further  Extracts  from  the  MS.  Diaries  of  Dr.  Stokeley. 


Mr.  Urban, — Having  made  a  few  more 
copies  of  Stukeley's  Notes,  I  forward  them 
for  your  periodical,  and  think  some  of 
your  readers  will  be  amused  with  the 
matter  and  the  manner  of  the  industrious 
antiquary  in  these  records. 

Yours,  &c.       J.  Britton. 

Burton- tireet,  London, 
Dec,  21,  1853. 

17  Sept.  1762 — I  saw  an  almanac  in 
8vo,  on  vellum,  well  wrote,  finely  illumi- 
nated, of  the  time  of  Hen.  VI. ;  in  it  a 
long  account  of  the  births,  christning, 
marriages,  of  the  Family  of  Fairfax, 
of  Depyngate,  by  Mazsey,  near  Stamford. 
Margaret,  wife  of  William  Brown,  an  emi- 


nent merchant  of  the  staple,  there  men- 
tioned, and  many  religious  and  secular 
persons  thereabouts.  This  family  of  the 
Fairfaxes  lived  at  Depyngate,  in  the  parish 
of  Maxsey. 

21  Jan.  1763— By  Richborota,  in  Kent, 
dug  up  a  barrow,  found  2  elegant  fibulfts 
made  in  gold,  and  glass  work,  and  a  string 
of  beads,  evidently  British. 

20  May,  1763 — I  wrote  some  memoirs 
of  the  life  of  Dr,  Stephen  Hale,  for  the 
elogium  of  the  French  Academicians. 

1  June,  1763 — I  saw  in  Mr.  Lewis's 
bands,  in  North-street,  the  original  plan 
qfthe  Bedford  School  estate,  in  my  parish, 
surveyed  by  Rowney,  the  king's  surreyor. 


*  His  succeuor  was  gazetted  27  Jan.  1758. 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


49 


June  9 — At  the  Antiquarian,  I  exhibited 

mj  pack  qfcardt  of  Rich.  II. 's  time,  and 

read  upon  them. 

30  Oct.  1763 — I  preached  in  spectacles; 

near  76,  the  age  of  Augustus,  and  of  my 

great  friend  Thomas  Earl  of  Pembroke. 

My  sermon  was  iigainst  too  much  study  ; 

and  text  bapned  to  be  "  We  see  but  through 

a  glass  darkly.** 

I  received  from  my  friend  Dr.  Bertram, 

3   copys   of  the  designs  of   the   Danish 

Military,  colored;  one  for  the  king. 
28  March,  1764— The  Dean  of  Exeter, 

Dr.  Milles,  telLs  me  100  brass  celts  were 

found  in  a  tumulus  in  Deyonshire. 

15  Nov.  1 764 — I  planted  a  large  quantity 

of  flowering  shrubs  in  my  long  Druid  walk, 

Kentish  town. 

3  May,  1765 — At  the  Royal  Society  a 
motion  was  made  to  alter  the  hour  of 
meeting  to  6  o'clock;  and  three  hours 
debating  arose  upon  it.  Mr.  Burrows, 
James  White,  Carl  Webb,  Sir  T.  Robin- 
son,  Mr.  Baker,  spoke  chiefly  in  regard 
to  the  effect  it  would  have  on  the  Anti- 
guarg  Society,  Lastly,  I  spoke  to  the 
following  effect : 

"  My  Lord  President  Morton, — By  the 
goodness  of  Providence,  I  have  lived  to  see 
five  Presidents  of  the  Royal  Society  in 
that  chair  which  your  lordship  so  well 
fills  and  adorns  ;  being  admitted  by  Sir 
Isaac  Newton  ten  years  before  his  death. 
I  shall  not  concern  myself  whether  the 
dispute  belongs  to  the  Council  alone,  or 
to  the  Society  at  large,  but  remark  the 
consequences^  wherein  wisdom  chiefly  con- 
sists.  It  is  advanced,  that,  as  Parliament 
hours.  Courts  of  Judicatory,  of  dining  in 
general,  were  become  later  than  formerly, 
we  ought  to  meet  later ;  but  this,  in  my 
opinion,  is  not  wisely  done,  nor  to  be 
imitated  by  a  Philosophical  Society,  made 
up  of  the  grave,  not  the  gay,  part  of  the 
world. 

"  This  is  at  once  answered,  by  observ- 
ing, that  our  meetings  are  always  full, 
both  of  members  and  of  strangers,  curious 
to  hear  what  is  read  and  shown ;  to  alter 
the  hour  would  not  answer  the  design, 
because  there  is  no  end  of  it.  They  be- 
gan their  meetings  at  three  o'clock ;  then, 
in  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  lime,  constantly 


kept  to  four ;  in  Sir  Hans  Sioane*s  time 
lowered  it  to  Ave ;  now  to  quarter  to  half 
after.  The  vis  inertia  in  agents  is  gravi- 
tation, going  downwards,  like  a  clock- 
weight,  and  need  not  be  precipitated. 

"  Consider,  in  winter  time,  at  six,  we 
should  see  the  court  filled  with  candles  in 
lanthoms  coming  to  the  Society  ;  but  the 
principal  object  of  my  attention  in  this 
debate  respects  the  Antiquarian  Society, 
which  will  be  greatly  affected  by  this 
alteration. 

*'  I  was  a  founder  of  that  Society,  and 
am  the  only  survivor  of  the  founders; 
though  I  have  it  at  heart,  yet  now,  in 
winter  time  especially,  I  ci^n  be  present 
there  but  seldom ;  meeting  late,  and  late 
before  the  President  takes  the  chair,  I  fre- 
quently am  obliged  to  go  away  before  any 
business  is  done ;  to  that,  perhaps,  may 
be  owing,  in  some  measure,  that  I  am  the 
survivor  in  that  Society,  in  this,  in  the 
College  of  Physicians  ;  thereby  avoiding 
the  damps,  the  dews  of  the  night,  the 
rains,  and  other  inconveniences,  according 
to  the  laudable  customs  of  our  ancestors. 
But  it  is  apparent  enough,  if  the  Royal 
Society  lowers  their  hour  of  meeting,  the 
Antiquaries  must  do  the  same,  and  then  I 
can  very  seldom  have  the  pleasure  of  meet- 
ing them. 

''  Lastly,  my  Lord,  it  is  injudicious  to 
thrust  both  philosophy  and  antiquity  into 
the  obscurities  of  night,  on  which  it  is  our 
business  to  throw  all  the  light  we  can.*' 

It  was  moved  by  Lord  Cavendish,  and 
seconded  by  Dr.  Stukeley,  "  Whether  it 
be  convenient  to  alter  the  hour  of  meet- 
ing?'' when  nineteen  ballotted  for  it  and 
thirty-two  against  it. 

7  May,  1764.  At  Mr.  White's,  New- 
gate Street,  I  saw  an  immense  quantity  of 
Letters  of  Henry  VII.  Henry  VIII.  King 
Edward  VI.  Queen  Elizabeth,  James  I. 
Charles  I.  Charles  II.  James  II.  Princess 
Sophia,  and  very  many  other  ancient 
writings  of  great  persons  concerned  in 
matters  of  state.  Many  letters  of  Crom- 
well, before  and  after  Protector ;  of  the 
Princes  of  Orange,  King  William,  Queen 
Anne,  &c.  I  advised  Mr.  White  to  give 
them  to  the  public  library  at  Cambridge. 
[What  became  of  this  collection  ?  J.  B.] 


Counsels'  Fkes. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  the  interesting  article 
in  your  number  of  November  last,  under 
the  head  of  Counsels*  Fees,  your  corre- 
spondent has  evidently  fallen  into  a  mis- 
apprehension in  regarding  the  persons 
mentioned  in  the  document  first  cited  by 
him  as  legal  counsel,  in  the  ordinary  ac- 
ceptation of  the  term.  In  1525,  the  Duke 
of  Richmond,  then  a  mere  boy,  was 
appointed  Lord-Lieutenant  and  Warden- 

Gent,  Mao,  Vol.  XLL 


General  of  the  North,  with  a  Council  to 
assist  him.  This  council  was  both  a 
judicial  and  executive  one,  and,  with  their 
president,  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  exer- 
cised exactly  the  same  functions  as  the 
Lord -Deputy  and  Council  of  Calais,  the 
Lord-Deputy  and  Council  of  Ireland,  the 
Lord  -  President  and  Council  of  the 
Marches  of  Wales. 
The  majority  of   these  councils   were 

H 


50 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[Jan. 


composed  of  the  most  influential  noble- 
men and  gentlemen  of  the  Ticinity,  and 
were  not  lawyers;  but  acted  as  councillors, 
and  not  as  countel  in  the  legal  sense  of 
the  word. 

I  am  quite  sure  your  intelligent  corre- 
spondent will  thank  me  for  pointing  out 


this  error  into  which  he  has  inadvertently 
fallen ;  and  I  trust  he  will  still  further 
excuse  me  if  I  trespass  upon  his  patience 
by  doubting  the  word  *' joring  ;**  a  doubt 
that  can  only  be  resolved  by  inspection  of 
the  original  paper  from  whence  he  has 
taken  it. — Yours,  &c.  R.  L. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

New  Statutes  of  tho  Society  of  Antiquaries— Anniversary  of  the  Royal  Society— University  Reform 
—International  Copyright— Sale  of  Copyrights  and  Stereotype  Plates— Mi».  H.  Stevens's  "  English 
Library  "— Athenaeum  at  Bury  and  Working-Man's  Library  at  Prescot,  co.  Lancaster— Dr.  Faus- 
sett's  Coins  and  Anglo-Saxon  Antiquities— Roman  Statue  found  at  Lillebonne— Memorial  "Windows 
at  Ipsyrich  and  Ashton-under-Lyne — Sepulchral  Brasses  by  the  Messrs.  Waller — Restoration  of 
the  Efilgy  of  SU-  Marmaduke  Constable  in  Nuneaton  Church— Scientific  and  Literary  Intelligence 
at  Home  and  Abroad. 


The  revised  Statutes  of  the  Society  of 
AntiquarieSf  having  been  almost  unani- 
mously approved  at  the  meeting  of  the  8th 
Dec.  are  now  in  force,  and  have  just  passed 
the  press  for  the  guidance  of  the  present 
Fellows  and  of  candidates  for  admission. 
They  confirm  the  alteration  of  last  year, 
whereby  the  annual  subscription  was  low- 
ered to  Two  Guineas,  and  the  admission- 
fee  to  Five;  and  the  provision  for  the  re- 
admission  of  former   Fellows  who   have 
retired  :    both  of  which  measures  have 
already  been  attended  with  results  which 
completely  justify  the  anticipations  of  their 
projector,  the  Treasurer.     The  most  ma- 
terial reforms  now  introduced  are, — the  in- 
stitution of  an  Executive  Committee,  the 
duties  of  which  will  consist  in  superintend- 
ing the  correspondence  of  the  Society  on 
all  subjects  relating  to  literature  and  anti- 
quities, and  in  directing  any  antiquarian 
operations  or  excavations  carried  on  by  the 
Society ;  the  appointment  of  Local  Secre- 
taries in  the  provinces  or  in  foreign  coun- 
tries ;  the  reduction  of  the  two  Secretaries 
to  one,  from  whom  a  more  undivided  at- 
tention will  be  required ;  and  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  four  Presidents  to  three,  by 
which  alteration,  and  the  exclusion  of  the 
Secretary   from    the   Council,  altogether 
room  will  be  made  for  the  re-election  of 
three  non-o£Bcial  members  of  the  Council 
who  may  have  been  found  the  most  active 
and   efficient  in   the   execution   of   their 
duties.     Hitherto,  since  out  of  the  eleven 
re-elected  pursuant  to  the  Charter  nine 
were  always  perpetual  officers,  only  two 
other  members  of  the  Society  could  be  re- 
elected ;  now  every  Council  will  consist  of 
your  old  members  besides  the  President  and 
six  other  officers,  and  of  ten  chosen  from 
the  Society  at  large.    The  senior  Vice- 
President  will  retire  every  year. 

The  anniversary  of  the  Hoyat  Society 


was  held  on  the  30th  Nov.  when  the  Earl 
of  Rosse,  President,  delivered  his  annual 
address.  The  Copley  medal  was  conferred 
on  Professor  Dove,  of  Berlin,  for  his  work 
on  the  Distribution  of  Heat  over  the  Sur- 
face of  the  Earth  ;  and  the  Royal  Medal 
on  Mr.  Charles  Darwin,  the  eminent  na- 
turalist and  traveller,  for  his  works  on 
natural  history  and  geology. 

Lord  Palmerston,  as  Secretary  of  State 
for  the  Home  Department,  has  addressed 
a  letter  to  the  Earl  of  Derby,  Chancellor 
of  the  University  of  O^rfbrd,  announcing 
that  Her  Majesty's  Government  are  pre- 
paring a  measure  of  University  Reform, 
and  that  an  intimation  to  that  effect  will 
appear  in  the  Speech  from  the  Throne. 
The  Hebdomail^  Board,  composed  of 
Heads  of  Houst^l,  and  a  voluntary  Asso- 
ciation of  Tutors,  have  each  been  busily 
engaged  to  the  same  purpose:  but  this 
announcement  from  the  Crown  is  likely  to 
give  a  greater  impetus  to  the  prospective 
changes  than  might  have  attended  their 
more  deliberate  councils. 

The  London  Gazette  of  the  l6th  Dec. 
contains  the  convention  between  this 
country  and  the  Free  Hanseatic  City  of 
Hamburg  for  the  establishment  of  Inter- 
national Copyright.  By  this  convention 
it  is  provided  that  the  authors  of  works 
of  literature  or  of  art  shall  be  so  pro- 
tected, that  the  republication  or  piracy  in 
either  State  shall  be  dealt  with  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  republication  or  piracy  of  a 
work  first  published  in  such  other  State. 
The  protection  is  to  be  extended  to  dra- 
matic works,  musical  compositions,  paint- 
ing, sculpture,  engraving,  and  lithography. 
The  duties  on  works  published  in  Ham- 
burg and  imported  into  this  country  are 
to  be  reduced.  Protection  is  also  gWen  to 
translations,  and  pirated  works  may  be 
seized    or   destroyed.    By   an    order    in 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


51 


Coancil,  dated  Windsor,  Nov.  25,  Her 
Majesty  has  been  pleased  to  direct,  that  in 
lieu  of  the  duties  of  Customs  hitherto 
payable,  the  following  duties  shall  be 
paid : — Works  re-published  in  Hamburg, 
2/.  10«.  per  cwt. ;  if  not  originally  pro- 
duced in  the  United  Kingdom,  15«.  per 
cwt. ;  single  prints,  \d, ;  bound  or  sown, 
\\d.  the  dozen. — By  another  order  of 
Council,  of  the  same  date,  an  international 
copyright  is  also  established  with  the  State 
of  Hanover. 

On  the  6th  Dec.  Mr.  Hodgson,  the 
auctioneer,  concluded  an  extensive  Sale  of 
Literary  Property ^  comprising  nearly  half 
a  million  volumes,  and  the  copyrights  and 
stereotype  plates  of  numerous  illustrated 
and  other  popular  works.  Among  the 
more  important  sales  effected  were  the 
following  ; — Knight's  Pictorial  Museum 
of  Animated  Nature,  2  vols,  folio,  4,000 
parts  and  11,000  numbers,  with  copyright 
and  Btereot3rpe  plates,  which  sold  for  600/. 
The  Pictorial  Gallery  of  Arts, also  Knight*s, 
2  vols,  folio,  stock,  copyright,  and  plates, 
brought  850/.  The  stock,  copyright,  and 
plates  of  Kitto's  Pictorial  Sunday  Book 
were  knocked  down  at  560/.;  ditto  of 
Pictorial  Half-Hours,  4  vols,  105/.  The 
stereotype  plates  of  Mr.  Knight's  Shaks- 
pere  sold  for  320/.  and  those  of  South 's 
Household  Surgery  for  310/.  The  copy- 
right and  plates  of  some  of  the  most 
popular  of  Knight's  Shilling  Volumes  were 
disposed  of  at  the  same  sale,  and  realized 
a  good  market  price. 

Mr.  Henry  Stevens,  the  Literary  Agent 
in  London  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
has  printed  fit  usum  H.  Stephani  et  ami- 
eomm,   a  pretty  little   tome  entitled    a 

Catalogue  of  my  English  Library.'"  He 
remarks  that  "  There  is  at  present  in  the 
United  States  a  great  rage  for  splendid 
private  libraries.'*  To  assist  his  book- 
loving  countrymen  he  has  prepared  this 
Catalogue,  comprising  a  few  thousand 
volumes  of  the  best  editions  of  the  principal 
standard  English  authors  ;  selecting  from 
the  multitude  of  poets,  dramatists,  histo- 
rians, philosophers,  metaphysicians,  essay- 
ists, Sec.  from  the  earliest  to  the  present 
time,  such  as  may  form  the  basis  of  a  good 
miscellaneous  library.  It  was  at  first  his 
intention  not  to  exceed  four  thousand 
volumes,  but  little  by  little  the  list  has 
increased  to  5751  ;  but  when  we  find  that 
these  are  properly  described  in  105  pages, 
we  are  again  tempted  to  ask — Why  should 
there  be  any  long  delay  in  providing  a 
manual  catalogue  to  the  books  in  the 
British  Museum  ?  We  say  properly  de- 
scribed, for  Mr.  Stevens  has  added  the 
contents  of  the  several  volumes  of  the 
chief  polygraphic  works,  and  the  dates  of 
birth  and  death  of  most  of  the  deceased 


(( 


authors.  Hence  this  little  volume  is  a 
most  convenient  manual  of  reference,  espe- 
cially in  respect  to  our  recent  literature, 
for  which  we  do  not  possess  any  other  so 
convenient. 

The  public  inauguration  of  a  new  Athe* 
ntcum  at  Bury^  co.  Lancaster,  took  place 
on  Wednesday  evening,  Nov.  23,  when 
Lord  Stanley,  M.P.  the  Bishop  of  Man- 
chester, and  several  gentlemen  of  stnnding 
and  influence,  took  part  in  the  proceed- 
ings. The  foundation  of  the  building  was 
laid  three  years  ago,  by  the  Earl  of  Derby. 
The  building  has  been  erected  at  a  cost  of 
4,875/. 

Another  literary  institution,  promoted 
principally  by  the  Derby  family,  was  in- 
augurated at  Prescot  on  the  9th  Dec.  It 
IS  a  Working-Man's  Library,  to  which  the 
Earl  of  Derby  and  Lord  Stanley  have 
each  given  100/.  and  Sir  Thomas  Birch 
50/.  The  sum  raised  is  large  enough  to 
purchase  about  2,000  volumes,  which  are 
to  be  lent  to  subscribers  of  5«.  per  annum. 

The  late  Dr.  FauasetVt  Coint  were  sold 
by  Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson,  on 
Dec.  3,  and  realized  but  a  very  small  sum. 
They  were  in  general  in  very  poor  condi- 
tion, and  most  of  the  rare  specimens  were 
forgeries.  The  best  coin  was  a  second- 
brass  of  Alexander  the  Usurper  in  Africa, 
and  which  appears  to  be  unpublished. 
The  obverse  reads  imp.  Alexander,  p.f. 
AVG. ;  a  diademed  head,  to  the  right :  on 
the  reverse,  Africa  .  avg.  n.  ;  the  pro- 
vince personified  standing  and  holding  in 
her  right  hand  a  labarum,  in  her  left  an 
elephant's  horn ;  at  her  feet,  a  captive ; 
in  the  exergue,  p.  k.  The  British  coin," 
presumed  (in  the  sale  catalogue)  to  be 
unique^  is  precisely  similar  to  one  in  Mr. 
Rolfe's  cabinet,  engraved  in  vol.  i.  pi. 
xxiii.  fig.  1,  of  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith's 
Collectanea  Antiqua.  Dr.  Faussett's 
specimen,  however,  bears  letters  on  the 
obverse,  t  c  v  n,  which  seem  to  warrant 
its  appropriation  to  Cunobelin.  A  coin 
in  silver,  with  the  letters  e  p,  for  Epil- 
lus,  who  is  supposed  to  have,  been  a 
British  prince  in  Kent,  was  secured  for 
the  British  Museum.  This  is,  we  be- 
lieve, the  fourth  or  fifth  specimen  known, 
all  having  been  found  in  Kent.  The  coins, 
as  well  as  the  entire  collection  of  antiqui- 
ties, were  collected  by  the  grandfather  of 
the  late  Dr.  Faussett,  nearly,  or  quite,  a 
century  ago.  This  collection,  up  to  the 
present  time,  has  been  lost  to  science, 
from  being  deposited  in  a  country  man- 
sion ;  but  wc  trust  it  will  now  be  rendered 
accessible  to  those  who  do  not  value  such 
things  merely  as  choice  and  hidden  relics, 
imperfectly  understood,  and  in  no  way 
appreciated  as  capable  of  being  applied  to 
antiquarian  and  historical  objects.    When 


52 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


[Jan. 


the  Arcbseological  Institute  met  at  Can- 
terbury, Dr.  Faussett  signified  his  willing- 
ness  to  allow  his  grandfather's  manuscripts 
to  be  published  by  the  Society,  but  it 
seems  that  neither  this  nor  any  other  anti- 
quarian body  ever  made  use  of  the  privi- 
lege  then  granted.  This  present  year  has 
witnessed  the  entire  collection,  and  MSS. 
waiting  upwards  of  two  months  on  the 
Trustees  of  the  British  Museum,  and  twice 
subjected  to  a  refusal  of  purchase  ! 

The  superb  bronze  gilt  statue,  upwards 
of  six  feet  high,  which  was  discovered  at 
Lillebonne,  some  twenty  or  thirty  years 
ago,  and  brought  into  England  by  the 
Messrs.  Woodburn,  the  picture  dealers, 
has  recently  been  restored  to  France,  the 
Government  having  commissioned  M. 
Adrien  Longp^rier  to  visit  London  to  pur- 
chase it,  if  possible.  He  procured  it,  it 
is  said,  for  the  comparatively  small  sum 
of  500/.  The  Trustees  of  the  British 
Museum,  it  is  reported,  refused  to  buy  it 
at  a  somewhat  higher  price ;  but  there  is 
no  doubt,  had  they  shown  a  disposition  or 
wish  to  secure  it,  that  the  Messrs.  Wood- 
burn  would  have  given  them  the  preference. 
There  is  a  very  excellent  engraving  (by 
Mr.  Waller)  of  this  fine  but  almost  un- 
known work  of  Roman  art,  in  the  last 
part  of  Mr.  Roach  Smith's  "Collectanea 
Antiqua." 

A  memorial  window  has  been  inserted 
at  the  east  end  of  the  south  aisle  of  the 
church  of  St.  Matthew,  fyswicht  in 
memory  of  the  wife  of  the  respected 
Rector  of  that  parish,  from  a  design  by 
the  well-known  artist  Mr.  Frank  Howard, 
brother  of  the  deceased.  It  is  in  three 
compartments,  the  centre  light  being  oc- 
cupied by  canopy  work  of  exceedingly 
rich  character,  containing  within  a  niche 
the  patron  saint,  St.  Matthew ;  beneath 
which  is  a  kneeling  female  figure  in  the 
act  of  devotion.  In  the  two  side  lights 
are  groups  of  figures  representing  Faith, 
Hope,  and  Charity,  and  the  Cardinal  Vir- 
tues, surmounted  by  tabernacle  work, 
while  above,  on  either  side,  are  two 
angelt),  one  holding  a  wreatii  and  the  other 
a  palm  branch.  The  small  upper  lights 
are  principally  filled  by  cherubs,  holding 
a  pendant  wreath  of  foliage.  The  drawing 
and  shadowing  of  the  whole  is  in  every 
respect  admirable,  and  reflects  great  credit 
both  on  the  designer  and  artist  who  exe- 
cuted the  work,  Mr.  Hedgeland,  of  St. 
John's  Wood,  who  is  now  engaged  on  the 
large  west  window  of  Norwich  Cathedral. 
The  style  of  the  design  is  of  a  lute  period, 
after  the  manner  of  Albert  Durer  and 
Louis  Cranach.  On  two  bands  at  the  foot 
of  the  window  is  the  following  inscrip- 
tion : — **  In  memory  of  Jane  Trimmer 
Gaye,  wife  of  Charles  Hicks  Gaye,  M.A, 


rector  of  this  parish.  She  died  23rd  Dec. 
1852,  nged  45,  respected  and  beloved,  as 
witness  this  window  and  her  gravestone, 
both  erected  out  of  the  free-will  offerings 
of  her  husband's  flock." 

The  eastern  window  of  St.  Peter's 
Church,  Ashton- under -Lyne,  has  been 
filled  with  a  fine  collection  of  stained 
glass.  The  window  is  of  the  Katharine 
wheel  or  marigold  design,  fourteen  feet  in 
diameter,  and  divided  into  sixteen  cinque- 
foiled  compartments,  the  tracery  of  which 
terminates  on  an  inner  circle,  or  star  of 
eight  points,  the  whole  being  surrounded 
by  a  border  of  small  quatre- foils.  The 
principal  openings  contain  elegantly  de- 
signed full-length  figures  of  The  Saviour, 
St.  Peter,  St.  Andrew,  St.  James  the 
Great,  St.  Philip,  St  Bartholomew,  St. 
Thomas,  St.  Paul,  St.  James  the  Less,  St. 
Jude,  St  Simon,  and  St  Matthias.  Each 
of  these  is  habited  in  a  rich  cloak  or  mantle, 
and  they  bear  their  respective  emblems. 
In  the  horizontal  divisions  of  the  tracery 
are  placed  figures  of  the  four  Evangelists, 
in  a  reclining  posture,  with  their  usual 
symbols,  and  as  in  the  act  of  writing  their 
gospels.  The  back-ground  is  diapered, 
and  alternates  in  red,  blue,  purple,  and 
green  colouring.  Within  the  divisions  of 
the  inner  circle  is  displayed,  on  a  radiant 
ground,  the  Hebrew  word  Jehovah,  the 
Dove,  the  Lamb,  the  celestial  Crown,  the 
Book  with  the  Seven  Seals,  the  mono- 
gram I  H  s,  the  Alpha  and  Omega,  and 
the  Sacramental  Cup.  The  trefoil  in- 
terstices of  the  arches  contain  a  foliated 
device,  and  the  outer  quatrefoil  border  is 
varied  by  rich  tints.  In  one  of  the  lower 
compartments  is  inscribed,  "  The  Gift  of 
George  Heginbottom,  Esq.,  1853."  The 
window  was  executed  by  Mr.  David  Evans, 
of  Shrewsbury,  and  is  effective  both  as  re- 
gards the  representation  of  the  several 
figures  and  the  brilliant  and  harmonious 
arrangement  of  colour  displayed  through- 
out the  whole,  which  was  completed  from 
a  design,  the  production  of  his  son,  Mr. 
Charles  Evans. 

Me^isrs.  Waller  have  recently  executed 
Monumental  Braeses  to  the  fdllowing  indi- 
viduals:—  In  Lichfield  Cathedral,  to  the 
memory  of  Lieut-Colonel  Peter  John 
Petit,  C.B.  of  the  50th  (Queen's  Own) 
Regiment,  erected  by  his  brother  oflScers 
as  a  mark  of  esteem.  It  consists  of  a 
full-length  figure,  the  size  of  life,  in 
regimentals,  and  is  a  portrait  of  the  de- 
ceased. There  is  a  diaper  background, 
composed  of  a  species  of  clematis  native 
to  India,  and  a  border  to  the  whole  of 
Indian  corn,  in  part  of  which,  on  a  scroll, 
are  the  names  of  the  principal  battles  in 
which  he  was  engaged,  viz.  Punniar, 
Moodkee,  Feroiesbah,  AUw«l,  and  So« 


issf.-] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


53 


braon.  At  the  foot  of  the  memorial  is, 
on  ooe  side,  the  regimental  device,  on  the 
other  the  armorial  bearings  of  the  Petit 
family.  It  is  placed  in  one  of  the  arched 
recesses  of  the  south  transept.  The  in- 
scription is  as  follows : 

Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Lient.-Colonel  Pxtsb 
John  Pktit,  C.B.  50th  (Queen's  Own)  Regiii^cnt, 
who  died  at  Lichfield,  on  the  13th  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1853.  This  monument  is  erected  by  the 
officers  of  the  50th  Regiment,  as  a  small  mark  of 
the  feeling  of  esteem  and  regard  in  which  he  was 
held  by  them,  and  in  remembrance  of  his  gallant 
and  distinguished  service  at  the  battles  of  Fun- 
nier, Moodkee,  Ferozeshoh,  Aliwal,  and  Sobraon. 

In  Sandon  Church,  Staffordshire,  to  the 
memory  of  Dudley,  first  Earl  of  Harrowby. 
It  consists  of  a  tablet  of  brass,  with  an  in- 
scription to  the  deceased,  and  his  armorial 
bearings  above  it  The  whole  being  en- 
closed with  a  richly-decorated  border,  and 
ornamented  with  diaper  work.  It  forms 
the  back  of  an  arched  recess,  to  which  it 
is  fitted. 

In  memory  of  Dudley,  first  Earl  of  Har- 
BOWBT,  who  gave,  for  forty  years,  the  energies  of 
an  acuta  and  accomplished  mind,  ill  sustained  by 
health,  to  the  public  service,  having,  among  other 
offices,  filled  that  of  Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign 
Affairs  in  1807,  and  that  of  President  of  the  Council 
Arom  1812  to  1827. 

The  firiend  of  William  Pitt,  and  inheriting  his 
principles,  while  he  abhorred  all  abuse  of  power, 
and  desired,  as  widely  as  the  public  safety  per- 
mitted, to  communicate  every  privilege,  he  was 
firm  in  resistance  to  disorder  within  and  aggres- 
sions from  without. 

The  last  twenty  years  of  his  life,  still  not  alto- 
gether a  stranger  to  public  affairs,  he  spent  much 
at  this  place,  whicli  he  had  always  loved  and 
adorned,  surrounded  by  his  family  and  rejoicing 
in  doing  good.  To  advance  the  best  interests  of 
the  Church,  and  of  religion  generally,  had 
throughout  been  his  special  study. 

Trusting  for  acceptance  to  his  Saviour's  merits 
only,  he  died,  aged  eighty-five  years  and  four 
days,  December  26, 1847. 

In  the  church  of  Norton  Bavant,  near 
Salisbury,  to  the  memory  of  John  Benet, 
esq.  of  Pythouse,  thirty-two  years  Member 
for  Wiltshire,  &c.  This  monument  con- 
sists of  an  arched  recess  of  the  early-Eng- 
lish  style,  composed  of  alabaster,  and  the 
columns  of  dark  variegated  marble.  The 
inacription  is  on  a  panel  of  brass,  with  the 
arms  of  Benet  and  Family  alliances,  and  the 
whole  is  surrounded  with  an  ornamental 
border  designed  from  the  ivy-leaf. 

In  memory  of  John  Benet,  esq.  of  Pytliouse. 
He  was  eldest  suniving  son  and  heir  of  Thomas 
Benet,  esq.  of  l*ythouse  ond  Norton  Bavant,  by 
Catherine  liis  wife,  dauglitcr  of  John  Darell,  esq. 
Ue  married  Lucy,  duu^^htcr  of  Edmund  Lambert, 
esq.  of  Boyton,  and  died  1  October,  1852,  aged  79 
years.  He  was  Member  of  Parliament  for  the 
county  of  Wilts  thirty-two  years,  also  a  magistrate 
and  deputy-lieutenant  for  tlie  same  county. 

Mr.  Edward  Richardson,  the  sculptor, 
the  restorer  of  the  Temple  effigies  and  of 
those  at  Elford  in  Staffordshire,  has  re- 
cently made  a  very  satisfactory  restoration 
of  an  alabaster  effigy  of  the  16th  century 
in  Nuneaton  churchy  Warwickshire,  being 


that  of  Sir  Marmaduke  Constable,  to  whom 
the  lands  of  the  nunnery  there  were  granted 
at  the  Dissolution.  Extensive  repairs 
being  in  progress  in  that  church  under  the 
superintendence  of  Mr.  Ewan  Christian, 
architect,  it  was  considered  desirable  that 
this  effigy  should  be  restored,  as  an  his- 
torical record  of  the  past, and  replaced  in  its 
original  situation.  The  reverend  the  Vicar 
accordingly  applied  to  a  college  in  one  of  the 
universities,  where  Sir  Marmaduke  founded 
certain  fellowships  ;  but  the  funds  not 
being  adequate  for  any  grant,  application 
was  made  to  Lady  Strickland,  a  descendant 
of  the  Constable  family,  who,  after  visit- 
ing the  church  and  tomb,  liberally  fur- 
nished the  necessary  expenses.  An  etching 
representing  the  monument  will  be  found 
in  Dugdale's  Warwickshire.  It  has  a  bold 
moulded  plinth,  and  on  the  front  and  end 
are  four  shields  of  arms.  The  effigy  was 
almost  reduced  to  a  trunk,  which  was 
covered  with  initials  and  dates,  and,  but 
for  the  singularly  fine  proportions  and 
relief  it  presented,  its  restoration  would 
have  been  questionable.  Except,  however, 
in  obliterating  the  initials,  &c.  Mr.  Richard- 
son has  left  the  trunk  of  the  effigy  as  it 
was.  The  parts  entirely  gone,  and  which 
he  has  supplied,  are  the  head,  neck,  hands, 
part  of  one  arm,  the  crest  (a  ship)  on  the 
tilting-helmet,  the  sword,  right  leg  to 
middle  of  shin,  the  left  leg  to  middle  of 
thigh,  the  feet  and  three-fourths  of  the 
lion  on  which  t)iey  rest,  besides  various 
minor  details.  The  gauntlets  also,  which 
lie  by  the  right  leg,  were  partly  broken ; 
and  the  dagger-handle,  which  formerly 
appeared  at  the  right  waist,  was  wholly 
knocked  away.  The  whole  of  these  parts 
were  remodelled  and  worked  anew  in 
Chollerton  alabaster,  which  was  found  an 
exact  match  to  that  quarried  three  jcen- 
turies  ago ;  so  that,  except  for  the  account 
we  now  give,  detection  would  be  impos- 
sible. The  armour,  chiefly  of  plate,  is 
less  elaborately  ornamented  than  usual. 
A  sketch  of  Sir  Marmaduke's  portrait  fur- 
nished by  Lady  Strickland,  and  casts  of 
contemporary  works,  gave  all  the  autho- 
rities required  ;  the  general  details  being 
supplied  especially  by  the  effigy  of  Sir  John 
Pech6,at  Lullingstone,  in  Kent,  and  by  one 
in  Hereford  cathedral,  which  is  so  exactly 
similar  in  date  and  details  that  it  may  be 
regarded  as  having  come  from  the  same 
workshop.  Sir  Marmaduke  wears  a  chain- 
collar,  and  a  rose-jewel  pendant.  This 
and  the  borders  of  the  armour  throughout 
had  been  gilt ;  but  very  little  trace  of 
colouring  remained,  except  on  the  shields 
of  arms.  Sir  Marmaduke's  shield  of  arms 
is  quarterly  of  four  : — 1.  Quarterly  galea 
and  vaire,  a  bend  or  ;  2.  Checquy  or  and 
gules,  on  a  chief  argent  a  lion  passant  sable, 


54 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


tJ 


an. 


Cumberworth ;  3.  ArgeDt,  two  bars  en- 
grailed sable,  Staines ;  4.  Argent,  a 
chevron  between  three  martlets  sable, 
Argham.  This,  surmounted  with  the  crest 
of  a  three-masted  ship,  is  placed  both  at 
the  head  of  the  tomb  and  also  in  the  centre 
of  its  front,  where  it  stands  between  two 
other  shields,  one  bearing  two  bars  en- 
grailed, and  the  other,  Valre,  and  a  bend 
or.  (the  last  apparently  inaccurate.) 

In  the  cornice  of  the  table  of  the  tomb 
is  the  following  inscription  cut  in  raised 
letters  in  the  alabaster  : 

*'  1^  Here  lythe  S'  Marmaduke  Con- 
stable knyght,  y*  w*  dyed  y«  xxviii.  of 
Aprell,  I  y*  yere  of  o'  Lord  m.  d.  &  thre 
score.  Sone  &  Heyre  to  S'  Robart  Con- 
stable knyght,  Lord  of  Flambourghe  & 
Home  upon  Spaldingmore.  And  the  seyd 
S'  Marmaduke  hadde  too  wyff  Elizabetne 
dowgbt'  to  the  Lord  Darsse,  by  hyr  he 
hadde  too  sonnes,  Robart  and  Marmaduke, 
and  viii.  daughters.  Y"  second  wyff,  Mar- 
garete  Boothe,  dawght^  of  Willi  m  Boo  the, 
gent\'» 

In  Dugdale's  copy  of  this  inscription, 
besides  other  inaccuracies  of  less  import- 
ance, are  these, — "  the  xx  day  of  Aprill " 
for  xxviii.;  and  '*  Bootlir  '*  as  the  name  of 
his  second  wife  instead  of  Boothe. 

Sir  William  Dugdale,  in  his  History  of 
Warwickshire,  relates  that  the  religious 
house  of  Nuneaton,  the  possessions  of 
which  in  the  28th  Henry  VIII.  were  valued 
at  290/.  15«.  were,  by  letters  patent  dated 
the  29th  May,  32  Hen.  VIII.  about  eight 
months  after  their  surrender  by  the  nuns, 
granted  unto  Sir  Marmaduke  Constable 
junior,  of  London,  knight,  then  the  king's 
servant,  son  of  Sir  Robert  Constable  of 
Flamborough  in  Yorkshire;  who  sold  part 
thereof,  but  died  seized  of  the  site,  as  also 
of  the  manor  and  greatest  proportion  of 
the  lands  so  given  him,  on  the  28th  April, 
2  Elix.  leaving  Robert  his  son  and  heir 
thirty  years  of  age,  unto  whom  the  said 
Queen  in  the  6th  of  her  reign  for  435/.  13«. 
granted  the  reversion  of  the  premises  to 
him  and  his  heirs  general ;  of  which  Sir 
Robert  they  were  soon  after  purchased  by 
Sir  Ambrose  Cave. 

Sir  Marmaduke  Constable,  as  we  have 
seen,  chose  to  be  buried  at  Nuneaton,  far 
away  from  his  family  and  kin,  and  at  a 
place  which  was  so  soon  to  pass  away  from 
his  posterity.  The  tomb  of  his  grandfather 
Sir  Marmaduke  remains  in  Flamborough 
church,  and  has  a  remarkable  inscription 
in  English  verse,  which  is  printed  in 
Prickett's  History  of  Bridlington,  8vo. 
1831,  p.  122.  It  records  his  iighUng  at 
Fiodden,  or  '*  Brankiston  felde"  as  the  epi- 
taph terms  it,  when  seventy  years  of  age,  to- 
g^er  with  fail  sons,  ser? ants,  and  kinsmen. 


The  result  of  this  highly  successful 
restoration  has  been  to  render  what  was 
before* an  unsightly  wreck,  an  interest- 
ing and  fine  feature  in  the  now  restored  and 
lengthened  chancel  of  Nuneaton  church. 

Mr.  Richardson  was  also  entrusted  by 
Mr.  Dugdale  to  cleanse  and  reletter  two 
large  alabaster  tablets  of  the  commence- 
ment of  the  last  century,  which,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  repairs,  were,  with  various 
others,  taken  down  firom  the  chancel  of 
the  church,  but  are  now  refixed. 

On  the  8th  Nov.  Mr.  Hind  discovered 
at  Mr.  Bishop's  observatory,  in  the  Re- 
gent's Park,  another  asteroid  planet,  to 
which  he  gives  the  name  Euterpe.  Its 
period  of  revolution,  so  far  as  can  be  as- 
certained by  observations  up  to  this  time, 
is  about  1315  days,  and  its  mean  distance 
from  the  sun  rather  less  than  224,000,000 
miles.  Another  new  comet  has  been  an- 
nounced as  discovered  by  M.  Klinkerfdes, 
of  GOttingen,  on  the  2nd  Dec.  It  has 
since  been  noticed  by  several  observers  in 
this  country. 

Pensions  of  100/.  each  have  been  con- 
ferred on  the  literary  veteran,  Mr.  A.  A. 
Watts ;  on  Mrs.  Hogg,  the  widow  of  the 
Ettrick  Shepherd ;  and  on  the  family  of 
the  late  Mr.  James  Simpson,  of  Edin- 
burgh, in  consideration  of  his  unwearied 
services  for  the  advancement  of  the  cause 
of  national  education,  and  his  exertions  in 
aid  of  every  movement  of  a  philanthropic 
character. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  M'Caul,  D.D.  Professor 
of  Hebrew  in  King's  College,  London,  has 
been  appointed  to  the  chair  of  Ecclesiasti- 
cal History,  vacant  by  the  dismission  of 
Professor  Maurice;  and  Mr.  G.  W.  Dasent, 
of  Magdalene  Hall,  Oxford,  Doctor  of 
Civil  Law,  to  the  chair  of  English  Litera- 
ture and  Modern  History. 

The  Rev.  C.  A.  Swainston,  M.A.  has 
been  appointed  by  the  Bishop  of  Chicester 
Principal  of  the  Theological  College  in  that 
city.  Mr.  Swainston  was  6th  Wrangler  in 
1841,  and  one  of  the  preachers  of  the 
chapel. 

The  Congregational  Board  of  Education 
have  become  purchasers  of  Homerton  Col- 
lege, so  long  under  the  superintendence  of 
the  late  Dr.  Pye  Smith. 

Mr.  R.  Burford  has  opened,  in  Leicester 
Square,  a  new  panoramic  view  of  Con- 
stantinople. 

Mr.  T.  Jones  Barker's  picture  of  Nelson 
on  the  Quarter-deck  of  the  Spanish  admi- 
ral's ship  San  Josdf  receiving  the  swords 
of  the  vanquished  officers,  Feb.  14,  1797, 
is  to  be  engraved  in  the  finest  manner  by 
Mr.  C.  G.  Lewis,  as  a  companion  to  "Hie 
Meeting  of  Wellington  and  Blucher  at  La 
Belle  Alliance/'  and  other  prints  of  that 
clan. 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


55 


At  the  sale  of  the  late  Earl  of  Ducie*s 
effects,  Muiready'^t  Interior  qfa  Barber* » 
Shop,  which  was  originally  purchased,  it 
is  stated,  for  70/.  was  carried  off  by  a 
dealer  for  750/. — it  may  be  presumed  to 
be  sold  again  at  a  profit. 

Notice  has  been  given  to  subscribers  of 
one  guinea  and  upwards  for  the  statue  of 
Lord  George  Beniinck  (now  erected  in 
Cavendish  Square),  informing  them  that 
they  are  each  entitled  to  a  bronze  medal 
of  that  distinguished  statesman,  and  that 
upon  application  to  Mr.  Wyon,  in  Regent- 
street,  they  may  receive  it. 

Dr,  Pertz,  the  bead  librarian  of  the 
Royal  Library  at  Berlin,  has  returned  from 
a  tour  in  England,  undertaken  for  the  pur- 
pose of  examining  if  the  principal  libraries 
contained  any  materials  that  might  assist 
him  in  the  further  prosecution  of  bis  great 
work,  *'  Monumenta  Germanise  Historica." 
The  most  valuable  result  of  Dr.  Pertz's 
inquiries  in  England  consists,  we  under- 
stand, in  his  having  obtained  from  the 
British  Museum  a  transcript  of  the 
"  Cbronicon  Placentinum,"  which  is  of 
great  importance  for  the  times  of  the  Em- 
perors Frederick  I.  and  II. 

The  valuable  collection  of  fossils  and 
minerals  belonging  to  the  late  eminent 
Cierman  geologist,  Louit  von  Buch,  have 
been  purchased,  by  order  of  the  King  of 
Pmssia,  for  the  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory at  Berlin.  His  extensive  library, 
chiefly  on  the  natural  sciences,  has  also 
been  purchased  by  His  Majesty. 

A  collection  of  not  fewer  than  SB'i  son- 
nets, by  Baron  W.  Humboldt,  one  of  the 
most  eminent  statesmen  of  Prussia,  has 
been  published  at  Berlin  under  the  auspices 
of  the  king.  They  are  on  all  imaginable 
subjects,  and  were  written  by  the  baron 
after  his  retirement  from  public  Ufe. 

M.  I'Abb^  Cochet,  Inspector  of  Histo- 
rical Monuments  of  the  Seine  Inferieure, 
announces  for  publication  a  volume  on 
Homan  and  Prankish  Vemeteriet^  the  re- 
salt  of  ten  years  of  archaeological  research, 
and  upwards  of  twenty  excavations  in  that 
department,  made  under  an  annual  grant 
for  the  purpose  by  the  authorities.  M. 
Cochet  is  known  as  the  author  of  several 
valuable  papers  on  the  antiquities  of  the 
Pays  dc  Caux.  The  title  of  his  volume  is 
*'  La  Normandie  Souterraiue.^* 

The  Council  of  the  Society  qf  Aniiqua- 
riet  qf  Scotland  have,  at  the  request 
of  the  magistrates,  agreed  to  open  their 
valuable  and  interesting  museum  for  the 
gratuitous  admission  of  the  working  classes 
and  others  on  Saturday  afternoons. 

The  Monument  just  erected  to  the  late 
Dr»  Morr,  at  Musselburgh,  consists  of  a 
statue  eight  and  a-half  feet  high,  upon  a 
pedestal  of  twenty  feet,  the  work  of  Mr. 


A.  Handyside  Ritchie.  The  pedestal  is  a 
plain  square  pillar,  exhibiting  near  the  top 
the  letter  "  Delta,"  encircled  by  a  wreath. 
At  the  base  is  the  following  : — ''  In  me- 
mory of  David  Macbeth  Moir.  Beloved 
as  a  man,  honoured  as  a  citizen,  esteemed 
as  a  physician,  and  celebrated  as  a  poet. 
Born  5th  January,  1798,  died  6th  July, 
1851." 

The  Renfrew  Athenaum  was  inaugu- 
rated on  the  1st  inst.  The  principal 
speakers  were  Sir  Archibald  Alison,  Bart. 
Colonel  Mure  of  Caldwell,  M.P.  and  the 
Rev.  George  Alexander. 

The  Assyrian  Excavation  Society  an- 
nounces that  Mr.  Loftus,  formerly  of  the 
Turco- Persian  Frontier  Commission,  has 
proceeded  to  Assyria  for  the  purpose  of 
commencing  excavations,  accompanied  by 
an  architectural  draughtsman  and  photo- 
grapher. 

The  King  qf  Bavaria,  on  the  occasion 
of  the  anniversary  of  his  birth,  has  created 
a  new  order  of  chivalry,  the  insignia  of 
which  will  be  awarded  to  men  distinguished 
in  sciences  ^ud  line  arts.  It  is  called  the 
order  of  Maximilian  II.  The  decoration 
is  composed  of  a  gothic  cross  in  gold, 
enamelled  in  dark  blue,  with  a  white  edge. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  garland  of  laurel  and 
oak,  and  surmounted  by  a  royal  crown ; 
at  each  of  the  comers  are  four  rays,  and 
in  the  centre  in  a  crowned  escut<)beon  is 
the  effigy  of  the  King,  with  the  motto, 
**  Maximilian  II.  King  of  Bavaria."  The 
King  has  already  named  forty  chevaliers 
of  this  order,  taken  from  the  most  dis- 
tinguished men  which  Germany  possesses 
in  science,  letters,  and  the  arts,  without 
regard  to  nationality  or  religion. 

Discoveries  of  Coins,— On  the  1 1th  Nov. 
while  Mr.  Boughton  was  ploughing  in  one 
of  his  fields  south-east  of  the  village  of 
Evenley,  near  Brackley,  the  foot  of  one  of 
the  horses  slipped  into  the  earth,  and  on 
examination  of  the  spot  Mr.  Boughton 
found  an  earthen  vessel  containing  up- 
wards of  3000  pieces  of  copper  coin  in  ex- 
cellent preservation,  chiefly  of  the  date  of 
Diocletian.  The  vessel  was  placed  upon 
the  rock — but  a  little  below  the  surface  it 
was  surrounded  with  bones.  It  is  esti- 
mated that  the  coins  weighed  more  than 
1  cwt. 

The  Rev.  Edward  Hartupp  Cradock, 
M.A.  Canon  of  Worcester  and  Rector  of 
Tedstone-de-la-Mere,  in  the  county  of 
Hereford,  was  elected  on  the  37th  of  De- 
cember iVtnctpa/  qfBrasenose  CollegCf  Ox- 
ford, in  the  room  of  the  late  Dr.  Harring- 
ton. The  new  Principal  was  born  in  1 8 1 0, 
and  is  a  son  of  Edward  Grove,  esq.  of 
Shenstone  Park,  county  of  Stafford.  He 
assumed  the  name  of  Cradock  on  suc- 
ceeding to  the  property  of  his  maternal 


66 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jan. 


nncle.  He  was  educated  at  Shrewsbury, 
whence  he  gained  a  scholarship  at  Balliol 
College,  took  a  second  class  in  honours  in 
1831 ;  and  was  afterwards  elected  fellow  of 
Brasenose,  where  he  has  since  filled  the 
oflSces  of  Bursar  and  Vice- Principal.     In 


1844  he  was  presented  to  the  college  living 
of  Tedstone-de-la-Mere,  and  married  in 
the  same  year  Miss  Lister,  a  Maid  of 
Honour  to  the  Queen,  and  sister  to  the 
first  wife  of  Lord  John  Russell. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


The  Pilgrim  Fathers ;  or,  The  Found- 
ers qf  New  England  in  the  Reign  qf 
Jamee  the  First.  By  W.  H.  Bartlett, 
Author  qf'*  Fortg  Days  in  the  Deserts* 
Super-royal  8oo. — Whilst  it  is  admitted 
that  there  is  but  little  original  matter  in  this 
book,  its  contents  are  highly  interesting, 
and  they  are  presented  in  a  most  attractive 
and  beautiful  form.  It  is,  in  fact,  one  of 
the  successors  to  the  Annuals  of  former 
years,  devoted  to  a  more  rational  purpose, 
and  not  the  first  of  the  class  for  which 
readers  who  prefer  subjects  qf  a  serious 
complexion  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Bartlett 
His  "  Walks  about  Jerusalem  and  its  En- 
virons,^* his  "Forty  Days  in  the  Desert, 
on  the  track  of  the  Israelites,"  and  his 
''  Footsteps  of  Our  Lord  and  his  Apostles 
in  Syria,  Greece,  and  Italy,"  are  among 
his  forgaer  illustrated  works,  and  have 
evidently  proved,  by  their  repeated  edi. 
tions,  that  what  is  sometimes  invidiously 
called  '*  the  religious  world,"  is  not  in- 
sensible to  the  attractions  of  the  fine  arts. 
There  is  a  sunshiny  splendour  in  the  land- 
scapes which  illustrate  this  volume  which 
could  only  be  produced  by  the  most  deli- 
cate steel-engraving,  and  the  numerous 
woodcuts  are  generally  interesting.  The 
story  of  the  ^Igrim  Fathers  is  told  in 
three  chapters,  the  first  of  which  was  it 
seems  laid  in  England,  the  second  in  Hol- 
land, and  the  third  in  the  New  World. 
The  first  will  be  not  the  least  interesting 
to  our  American  cousins,  who  have  of  late 
years  evinced  so  much  curiosity  in  inves- 
tigating the  cradles  of  their  forefathers. 
From  one  of  the  historical  essays  of  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  the  historian  of 
South  Yorkshire,  and  from  the  researches 
of  the  Rev.  John  Waddington,  of  South- 
wark,  the  author  has  derived  many  inte- 
resting particulars  respecting  those  early 
Puritan  families  from  which  the  first  set- 
tlement on  the  American  continent  ori- 
ginated ;  whilst  several  publications  issued 
in  America,  the  original  chronicles  of  the 
Pilgrims,  collected  by  Mr.  Young  of  Bos- 
ton, the  researches  of  Mr.  Sumner  at  Ley- 
den,printed  by  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  and  an  excellent  *'  Guide  to  Ply- 
moatb,"  prepared  by  Mr.  W.  6.  RaueUi 


Keeper  of  the  Old  Colony  Records,  have 
furnished  theremainderof  the  historicalma- 
terials  of  the  work.  Mr.  Bartlett  has  him- 
self pursued  the  wanderings  of  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers,  and  he  describes  both  the  scenery 
and  the  relics  of  their  dwelling-places  in 
a  very  agreeable  manner.  We  transcribe 
a  slight  but  characteristic  anecdote  from 
his  visit  to  Cape  Cod,  the  spot  in  which 
the  pilgrims'  ship  first  found  shelter  from 
the  storms  of  the  Atlantic : 

"  The  Cape  is  divided  into  townships, 
one  of  which  bears  the  honoured  name  of 
Brewster.  A  small  village  with  an  inn 
serves  as  the  centre  of  these  districts.  At 
one  of  these,  where  we  stopped  to  dine,  I 
noticed  a  hale,  ruddy-looking  man,  who 
turned  out  to  be  the  brother  of  the  land- 
lord, and  after  dinner  unrolled — of  all 
things— a  family  tree,  in  which  the  descent 
of  the  various  branches  of  his  house  were 
traced  with  all  the  accuracy  of  the  Heralds* 
College.  This  family  I  found  had  emi- 
grated from  England,  and  were  not  a  little 
proud  of  their  derivation  from  the  Old 
Country.  They  had  thriven  too,  for  the 
innkeeper,  on  learning  that  I  was  an  Eng- 
lishman, took  me  over  a  large  house  not 
far  ofi*,  very  handsomely  furnished,  which 
he  said  was  his  private  residence,  and  in 
which  hung  up  the  portrait  of  his  proge- 
nitor. Not  long  after  I  saw  a  paragraph 
in  the  newspaper,  stating  that  the  brother 
of  this  gentleman  had  presented  a  chalice 
to  the  church  of  that  town  in  England 
from  whence  his  ancestors  were  originally 
derived." 

With  sentiments  such  as  these  so  gene- 
rally diffused,  we  can  imagine  what  the 
popularity  of  this  charming  book  most  be 
in  New  England.  It  is  gratifying  at  the 
same  time  to  reflect,  that,  in  consequence 
of  the  inimitable  quality  of  its  beautiful 
illustrations,  no  pirate  can  divert  its  due 
proceeds  from  their  legitimate  proprieton. 


The  Learned  Societies  and  Printing 
Clubs  of  the  United  Kingdom,  By  the 
Ret.  A.  Hume,  LL.D.  F.S.A.  With  a 
Supplement  containing  all  the  recently' 
eetabUshed  Societies  and  Printing  Chiof 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


57 


and  their  Publieaiions  to  the  present  time, 
by  A.  I.   Evans.    Pott  8vo. — This  very 
useful  work,  which  was  compiled  by  Dr. 
Hume  nearly  eight  years  ago,  contains  in 
its  original  form  some  account  of  ninety- 
five    Societies,   of  which    thirty-one  are 
classed   as   metropolitan   (thirteen   being 
chartered);  one   (the  British  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science,)  as  na- 
tional ;  twenty- six  as  provincial  in  England; 
twenty  as  belonging  to  Scotland ;  andseven- 
teen  to  Ireland.     In  addition,  Dr.  Hume 
described  the  constitution  and  productions 
of  twenty-two  Printing  Clubs.     The  In- 
troduction to  his  work  reviewed  the  ge- 
neral  characteristics  of  the  learned  societies, 
their  uses,  history,  modes  of  admitting 
members  and  transacting  business,  accom- 
panied by  some  elaborate  analyses  and  ju- 
dicious reflections  and    suggestions:  the 
whole    forming    a  very  interesting    and 
very  useful  work,  though  now  exceedingly 
imperfect,   partly   from   an    original  de- 
ficiency of  information,  and  partly  from 
the  changes  which   in  the  lapse  of  time 
are  continually  occurring.     If  Dr.  Hume 
would  undertake  the  pains  of  preparing  a 
revised  edition,  enlarged  to  the  present 
time,  we  are  sure  it  would  be  very  accept • 
able ;   but    meantime  this  issue   of   the 
former  book,  with  a  Supplement,  will  be 
useful  in  all  public   and  other  large  li- 
braries.    The  Supplement  consists  of  72 
pages,  almost  entirely  filled  with  the  titles 
of  the  works  of  these  teeming  literary  hives: 
it  furnishes  also  the  dates  of  foundation, 
terms  of  subscription,  and  names  of  the 
directing  oflScers  of  most  of  the  new  So- 
cieties founded  since  1847  :  including  some 
that  Dr.  Hume  had  overlooked.     Among 
the  latter  are  the  English  Historical,  the 
Berkshire  Ashmolean,  the  Wiltshire  To- 
pographical, and  the  Wodrow  Societies ; 
and  among  the  former  the  Arundel  Society 
for  works  of  art,  the  Calvin  Translation 
Society,  the  Caxton  Society  for  chronicles 
and  mediaeval  literature,  the  Celtic  Society, 
the  notoriously  mismanaged  Ecclesiastical 
History  Society,  the  Palseontological  So- 
ciety, the  Welsh  MSS.  Society,  and  many 
devoted  to  the  illustration  of  provincial  an- 
tiquities and  natural  history.    Dr.  Hume^s 
original   design  included  "  an  account  of 
the  origin,  history,  objects,  and  constitu- 
tion  of  every    Society,  with  full   details 
respecting  membership,  fees,  their  pub- 
lished Works  and  Transactions,  notices  of 
their  periods  and  places  of  meeting,  &c.'' 
and  if  that  design  were  now  carried  out 
and  (to  use  a  French  word)  perfectionated, 
we  ^ould  indeed  have  to  thank  the  in- 
dustry of  the  Editor  who  accomplished  it. 
The  task  is  one  well  suited  to  the  leisure 
hours  of  the  librarian  of  a  large  public 
institution. 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLl. 


Handbook  to  the  tAbrary  of  the  Brilith 
Museum,    By  Richard  Sims.    Small  Svo, 
pp,  400. — It  has  often  been  remarked  that 
some  such  manual  as  this  was  a  deside- 
ratum ;  for,  whilst  other  departments  of 
the  nationed  collections  have  long  been 
supplied  with  popular  catalogues  and  sy- 
nopses, none  has  hitherto  been  provided 
for  its  literary  stores  :  the  various  classes 
and  divisions  of  which  are  now  so  multi- 
faiious  that,  except  to  the  habitues  of  the 
Reading  Rooms,  there  is  some  danger  of 
starvation  even  in  the  midst  of  plenty. 
The  deficiency  was  pointed  out  during  the 
investigations  of  the  late  Commission,  and 
recommended  to  be  remedied  by  authority. 
Although  the  present  is  not  an  oflSicial 
publication,  it  comes  from  a  trustworthy 
quarter,  Mr.  Sims  being  one  of  the  assist- 
ants in  the  Department  of  Manuscripts, 
and  one  who  has  already  done  some  good 
service  by  his  laborious  Index  to  its  He- 
raldic Visitations  andgenealogical  volumes. 
After  a  brief  history  of  the  National  library, 
and  of  the  various  collections  of  which  it 
is  composed,  the  present  manual  explains 
the  regulations   respecting  Readers,  and 
describes  the  catalogues  at  present  in  use. 
There  are  now  eleven  several  collections 
of  Manuscripts,  each  of  which  has  its  re- 
spective catalogue  :  1.  Sloane  ;  2.  Cotto- 
nian  ;    3.  Harleian  ;    4.  Royal ;    5.  Lans- 
downe ;    6.    Hargrave  ;    7.  Bumey  ;    8. 
King's  ;    9.  Egerton  ;    10.  Arundel ;    11. 
Additional.    The  collections  of  Charters 
and  Rolls  are  as  many  in  number.     As 
for  the  volumes  of  Catalogues  of  Books 
their  name  is  Legion.     But  when  shall 
we  see  a  rational  summary  catalogue  of 
reference,  such  as  an    auctioneer  would 
get  up  in  a  few  weeks  ?     Never,  we  fear, 
under  the  present  adminbtration  of  the 
Printed  Book  department.      Mr.  Sims's 
manual  is  chiefly  valuable  for  his  synop- 
tical review  of  the  treasures  of  the  depart- 
ment with  which  he  is  most  familiar.     He 
has  briefly  described  them  in  classes,  spe- 
cifying  the  most  remarkable,  on  a  plan 
which  is  suggestive  of  many  valuable  hints 
to  the  inquirer.    The   catalogue  of  the 
books  kept  for  ready  reference  in  the  Read- 
ing-Rooms  is  also  useful. 


The  Comedies  of  Terence^  and  the 
Fables  qf  Phcedrus,  Translated  with 
Notes,  By  H.  T.  Riley,  B.A.  Post  Svo, 
pp,  535  {Bohn's  Classical  Library.)  This 
plan  of  uniting  authors,  who  have  only 
language  in  common,  is  inconvenient,  but 
as  it  only  regards  arrangement,  and  not 
execution,  we  shall  not  stop  to  discuss  it. 
The  translator,  in  rendering  Terence,  has 
followed  the  text  of  Yolbehr  (Kiel,  1846), 
with  a  few  exceptions.    Although  *'  not 


58 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jan. 


rigorously  literal/'   be  has  avoided  the 
freedoms  of  Echard,  Cooke,  Patrick,  and 
Gordon.     The  first  of  these  is  criticised 
in  Tytler's  Essay  on  Translation  (c.  xi.) 
as  exhibiting  a  strain  of  vulgar  petulance, 
very  opposite  to  the  chastened  simplicity 
of  the  original,  though  not  without  merit 
as    a  whole;    and,    notwithstanding    its 
faults,  it  is  said  to   have  gone  through 
seven  editions.  For  the  others,  the  reader 
may  consult  Mr.  Moss's*'  Classical  Biblio- 
graphy.*^    No   notice  is  here  taken  of 
Colman,  concerning  whom  Harles  briefly 
says,  *'  Laudatur  Anglica  versio/'  but  he 
is   referred  to  in  the  notes.     We  have 
chosen  the  soliloquy  of  Phormio  (Andria, 
A.  IV.  s.  9)  as  a  specimen,  and  are  satis- 
fied.    Mr.  Riley   occasionally  alludes  to 
parallel  passages  and  expressions  in  Plautus, 
for  a  collection  of  which  we  would  refer 
the  student  to  the  "  Imitatio  Plautina," 
compiled  by  the  elder  Schalbruch,  in  the 
Amsterdam  edition  of  1 709,and  Huyghens* 
preface.     Of  Terence,  Scheller  says,  **  Te- 
rentius  creberrime  legi  meretur,  ob  prae* 
claras  sententias  et  ob  latinitatem.**  (Prse- 
cepta  Styli  Latini,  1797,  p.  778.)  Harles, 
in  his  larger  *'  Literatura  Romana,''  (1781, 
vol.  i.  p.  228 — 30)  has  given  an  elaborate 
essay  on  the  merits  of  Terence,  without 
dissembling  his  faults,  though  he  does  the 
utmost  to  extenuate  them.     Scheller  ob- 
serves, "  Qui  Terentium  edere  vult,  debet 
esse  rei  dramaticse   peritissimus,''  a  text 
from  which  Mr.  Riley  need  not  shrink. 
2.  In   the    translation   of  Phsedrus,   the 
critical  edition  of  Orelli  (Zurich,  1H31) 
has  been  used.     The  additional "  iEsopian 
Fables,"   attributed  to  Pheedrus  by   the 
Italian  editors,  are  given  from  the  text  of 
Gail   (Paris,   1826),   but   as  the  Leipzig 
edition  of  Dressier  has  lately  come  into 
our  bands,  we  shall  defer  speaking  of  them 
for  the  present.     The  metrical  translation 
by  Christopher  Smart  is  added.     It  has 
merit,  but  bears  some  marks  of  haste.  The 
style  of  Gay,  which  it  obviously  adopts, 
appears  less  suitable  to  translation  than  to 
original  composition.     His  Muse  requires 
a  wide  space  to  move  in,  and  seems  uneasy 
when  following  in  the  track  of  another. 

The  Fasti,  Tnstia,  Pontic  BpistleSy 
IbiSf  and  Halieuticon  of  Ovid,  TVatu- 
lated  into  English  Prose,  with  Notes,  by 
H.  T.  Riley,  B.A.  post  Svo.  pp.  xxiv, 
503  (Bohn's  Classical  Library.)— This  is 
the  first  volume  of  a  complete  translation 
of  Ovid ;  the  second  contains  the  Meta- 
morphoses; and  the  third  the  HeroTdes,  the 
Amatory  Works,  and  the  rest  of  the  minor 
ones.  Whether  the  Amatory  Works  were 
worth  exposing  to  English  readers,  with* 
out  larger  omissions  than  have  been  made, 
is  a  question ;  at  all  events  they  did  not 


deserve  the  additional  attraction  of   an 
Aphrodisiac  frontispiece. 

Our  concern,  however,  is  with  the  first 
volume,  which,  (as  they  can  be  had  sepa- 
rately,) may  be  considered  apart,  for  its 
contents  are  the  most  important.     Some 
account  of  former  translations  of  the  Fasti, 
&c.  a  brief  memoir  of  Ovid  (rather  too 
indulgent  to  his  moral  character),  and  a 
chronological  introduction  to  the  Fasti, 
are  prefixed.    The  translator's  professed 
object  is  *'  to  express  the  meaning  of  the 
author  with  fidelity  and  tolerable  neatness 
of  diction,"  aod  this  we  think  he  has  at- 
tained.    In  the  Fasti  he  has  followed  the 
text  of  Krebs;  in  the  Tristia  and  Pontic 
Epistles,  that  of  Valpy's  Classics.    l*he 
History  of  Roman  Literature,  lately  re- 
published from  the  Encyclopaedia  Metro- 
politana,  mentions  MerkePs  edition  of  the 
Fasti  (Berlin,  1841),  and  Oberlin's  of  the 
Tristia,  De  Ponto,  and  Ibis  (Strasburgh, 
1778),  as  the  best.    That  elegant  volume, 
which  combines  the  ''  fleblles  Nasonis  li- 
bellos,^'  as  its  editor  happily  terms  them, 
is  however  rather  a  tutor's  than  a  learner's 
edition.*     The   Tristia    and    Ibis  were 
edited  by  Merkel  hi  1837  (Berlin),  with  a 
vast  array  of  criticism,  and  little  explana- 
tion.    He  has  added  a  long  "  Prolusio  in 
Ibin,"  and  the  ancient  Scholia  on  that  re- 
markable poem,  which  sometimes  require 
annotation  themselves. 

Niebuhr,  who  scatters  many  valuable 
literary  notices  throughout  his  histories, 
says  of  Ovid,  "  Next  to  Catullus,  he  U 
the  most    poetical    among    the    Roman 

poets None  can  have  a 

greater  talent  or  a  greater  facility  for 
writing  poetry  than  Ovid  had :  and  in 
this  respect  he    may  take  rank  among 

the    very    greatest    poets 

Ovid's  facilitas  is  manifest  everywhere. 
The  faults  of  his  poetry  are  well  under- 
stood, aod  do  not  require  to  be  mentioned 
here."  (Lect.  on  Roman  Hist.  ii.  166-7.) 
Of  the  works  which  compose  this  volume, 
Crinitus  calls  the  Fasti  '*  Opus  quidem 
eruditum ;  et  plenum  magn&  et  copiosA 
rerum  scientift.'^  On  the  Tristia  and  Pon- 
tic Epistles  we  have  the  opinion  of  Gib- 
bon, that  they  "possess,  besides  the  merit 
of  elegance,  a  double  value.  They  exhibit 
a  picture  of  the  human  mind  under  very 
singular  circumstances ;  and  they  contain 
many  curious  obseryationB,  which  no  Ro- 
man, except  Ovid,  could  have  the  oppor- 
tunity of  making.'*  (Chap,  xviii.  note  rr.) 
He  terms  the  poet's  lamentations  *'  pa- 
thetic, but  sometimes  unmanl]^  ;"  yet 
Niebuhr  says,  "  I   cannot  help,  on  the 

*  TIfere  is  an  awkward  misprint,  nrnT 
jieere  for  projieiere  (Ibis,  1. 166),  wnich 
affects  both  the  metre  and  the  tense. 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews* 


59 


contrary,  admiring  him  for  the  freshness 
and  aetiyity  which  he  preserved  in  his 
fearful  exile  ambng  barbarians."  *  Of  the 
Ibis,  **  the  obscure  Gallimachean  poem," 
Niebuhr  says,  '*  Let  any  one,  imagining 
that  he  understands  mythology,  try  his 
hand  at  this  poem.  I  do  not  believe  that 
there  is  any  man  who  comprehends  the 
whole  of  W*  (Lect.  on  Anc.  Hist.  iii. 
311.)  Chaudon  calls  it  **  poSme  satirique, 
sans  finesse,  etoU  le  sel  est  trop  d^lay^." 
Mr.  Riley  terms  it  a  *'  shocking  poem, 
which  combines  a  chapter  of  horrors  with 
a  vocabulary  of  abuse."  But  as  we  have 
no  pity  for  the  culprit  whom  it  lashes,  we 
merely  regard  it,  with  the  aid  of  Oberlin's 
CCovtf,  as  a  rich  mythological  epitome. 

There  are  two  questions  affecting  the 
poems  in  this  volume,  viz.  the  cause  of 
Ovid's  banishment ;  and  the  subject  of  the 
Ibis.  Of  the  first,  Niebuhr  says,  ''the 
cause  of  his  unfortunate  exile  is  a  mystery, 
which  no  human  ingenuity  will  ever  clear 
up,  and  concerning  which  an  endless  va- 
riety of  absurd  opinions  are  abroad."  As 
he  himself  is  avowedly  au  secret  (to  use  a 
F^fench  expression),  we  cannot  hope  to  get 
an  insight  of  a  casket,  which  is  double- 
locked  against  us.  Those  who  fancy  that 
by  shaking  it  they  can  guess  at  the  con- 
tents, may  satisfy  themselves,  but  can 
hardly  expect  to  convince  others.  He  tells 
Graecinus,  his  sympathising  friend,  that  it 
would  not  be  safe  to  mention  the  cause, 
and  forbids  him  to  inquire  farther.  (Pont 
1.  vi.  21.)  To  his  Thracian  patron.  King 
Cotys,  whom  it  was  doubtless  an  object 
not  to  alienate  by  ill-timed  taciturnity, 
he  is  equally  inaccessible,  and  desires  him 
to  ask  no  questions,  beyond  the  mere  fact 
of  his  having  written  the  Art  of  Love ; 
that  is  to  say,  he  tells  only  part,  and  this 
the  least  material.  (P.  2.  ix.  75.)  But  he 
does  express  a  wish  to  Fabins,  that  he 
could  defend  himself  in  all  respects,  by 
representing  Cupid  as  refusing  to  do  so, 
beyond  the  charge  of  authorship.  (3.  iii. 
71.)  To  Brutus  he  professes  repentance, 
which  is  very  different  from  innocence, 
and  hardly  agrees  with  involuntary  error 
(1,  i.  59.)  He  positively  forbids  his  wife 
to  defend  his  conduct,  owning  that  silence 
is  best  in  a  bad  cause,  "  Mala  causa 
silenda  est,"  and  bids  her  confine  herself 
to  prayers  and  tears  (3,  i.  147.)  That  the 
cause  was  one  of  just  offence  to  Augustus 
is  plain,  from  the  words,  **  renovem  tua 
vulnera  "  (Tr.  ii.  209)  ;  and  his  wife  must 
have  been  in  danger,  from  his  thanking  the 
Emperor  for  sparing  it  (5,  ii.  55.)  Yet 
his  disclaimer  of  any/acmttf  seems  to  have 

*  It  was  a  happy  idea,  to  regard  his 
own  reverse  as  an  addition  to  the  MeiO' 
fMrpkoses,  (Trist.  1.  i.  120.)— Rev. 


been  accepted  (5,  xi.  17)  ;  and  he  protests 
to  the  shades  of  his  parents,  in  that  Elegy 
which  is  meant  to  serve  as  a  biography, 
that  error,  not  crime,  was  the  cause  of  his 
banishment  (T.  4,  x.  90.)  He  even  uses 
the  expressions  decepta  culpee,  "  My  fault, 
committed  through  deception,"  as  Mr. 
Riley  translates  it  (P.  4,  vi.  15),  thus 
shifting  the  blame,  while  he  appears  to 
admit  it.  But  when  he  comes  to  the  point, 
he  is  enigmatic,  and  if  the  Sibyls  had  pre- 
dicted bis  fall,  they  could  hardly  have  done 
so  more  obscurely.  The  "  Isesi  principis 
ira  "  is  the  substance  (T.  4,  x.  98.)  Coming 
somewhat  closer,  he  says  he  is  punished 
because  he  witnessed  a  crime,  and  that  his 
only  fault  was  having  eyes  (T.  3,  v.  49), 
on  which  account  he  compares  himself  to 
Actseon  (ii.  105.)  Of  all  this,  the  reader 
may  make  what  he  thinks  best.  Crevier 
inclines  to  his  being  implicated  in  the  mis- 
conduct of  the  younger  Julia.  Ouwens,  in 
his  **  Noctes  Haganse,*'  1780,  argues  at 
some  length  that  he  was  privy  to  it. 
Schirach  (eel,  SehirachiuSy  Oberlin)  has  a 
curious  conjecture  in  his  **  Claris  Poetarnm 
Classicorum,''  part  ii.  p.  146.  "  Suspicor 
propter  verba  erroris  imago  (Pont,  2,  ii. 
57.)  Oridinm  forte  nesciisse,  forte  dissi- 
mulasse  se  nesciisse  esse  Juliam,  quam 
forte  in  quodam  loco  inhonesto  inventam 
ratus  erat  aliam  longe  feminam  esse."* 
The  harmony  of  his  married  life,  and  his 
being  now  a  grandfather,  rather  militate 
against  this  supposition.  Mr.  Riley  thinks 
the  reason  was  a  political  one,  with  which 
the  idea  of  Merkel  agrees,  viz.,  that  he 
was  involved  in  the  fall  of  Agrippa  Posthu- 
mus  (p.  395);  nor  is  the  difference  of  a 
year  a  serious  objection,  as  the  discovery 
of  his  complicity  might  not  have  been 
made  at  once.  We  have  sometimes  thought 
that  his  disgrace  may  have  been  connected 
with  the  superstitious  practice  of  Augustus, 
of  personating  a  beggar  once  a  year.  (Suet, 
in  Oct.  91.)  Such  an  act  was  likely  to 
have  caused  him  some  mortifications,  from 
persons  who  did  not  recognise  him,  or 
affected  not  to  do  so  *,  nor  was  he  of  a 
character  to  forbear  resenting  it  after- 
wards. If  any  of  Ovid's  associates  thus 
misdemeaned  themselves,  he  may  have 
shared  the  blame.  But,  as  Oberlin  some- 
times says  of  conflicting  notes  on  the  Ibis, 
**  Incerta  omnia."  He  aimed  at  conceal- 
ment, and  has  succeeded ;  nor  can  the  most 
elaborate  investigation  get  beyond  what 
Millot  has  simply  said :  *'  Sa  mauvaise 
conduite  lui  attira  une  disgrace;  ilmourut 
en  exil"  (Hist.  Anc.  ii.  352.)  The  Em- 
peror had  began  to  relent,  when  his  death 


*  The  case  of  Messalina,  and  the  words 
of  Juvenal,  "  Titulnm  mentita  Lyciscse," 
are  applicable  here.  (Sat.  ri.  123.) 


60 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[Jan. 


occurred,  to  blast  the  hopes  of  the  poet, 
for  Tiberius  was  inexorable.  The  Fasti  dis- 
play more  than  one  attempt  to  propitiate 
Germ anicus,  but  without  any  known  result. 

Another  question  is,  whom  did  he  mean 
by  the  satirical  appellation  of  Ibis  ?  That 
Egyptian  bird,  whose  habits  have  obtained 
for  it  the  epithet  of  foul-mouthed,  was 
chosen  by  Callimachus  as  an  emblem  of  his 
adversary ,and  retained  as  such  by  his  avowed 
imitator  Ovid.  Besides,  such  a  mode  of 
writing  was  exactly  to  his  taste, — '*  positis 
pro  nomine  signis,"  as  be  sjiys  to  a  faith- 
ful friend,  whom  he  has  forborne  to  name. 
(T.  i.  V.  7.)  As  the  expression  •*  Ciny- 
phiam  pressit  humum"  (l.  224.)  denotes 
African  birth,  the  grammarian  Hyginus, 
whom  "nonnulli  Alexandrinum  putant,*' 
(Suet.  Gramm.  20)  has  been  supposed  to 
be  meant.  But  Merkel  infers*  from  the 
cognomen  of  Pcenua,  that  Manilius  the 
astronomical  poet,  was  intended,  and  that 
the  verba  canina  (denounced  in  1.  234) 
answer  to  the  Stoic  philosophy  which  ex- 
hibits itself  in  his  poem  (p.  400).  He  also 
thinks  that  the  subject  was  hushed  up, 
through  fear  of  the  Ibis  himself,  as  an 
informer,  or  of  Tiberius;  an  argument 
which  applies  more  forcibly  to  his  silence 
concerning  the  cause  of  banishment.  Pro- 
perly speaking,  this  poem  is  not  a  satire, 
but  an  invective.  It  is  interesting,  as 
Ovid's  first  attempt  of  the  kind,  at  the  age 
of  50  (see  1.  1-5) ;  but  so  much  of  it  is 
occupied  with  historical  references,  that 
the  author  seldom  appears.  To  the  impre- 
cations with  which  it  abounds,  the  horrid 
fate  of  Sotades  might  have  been  added. 
That  the  oppressor  hoped  to  obtain  a  con- 
fiscation of  Ovid's  property,  in  which,  how- 
ever, he  was  disappointed,  appears  to  be 
inferrible  (Ibis,  1.  18;  Trist.  ii.  129) 

Those  who  are  curious  on  the  subject 
of  the  bird  which  has  given  a  name  to  two 
satires,  the  one  Greek  and  the  other  Ro- 
man, will  find  an  essay  on  the  subject  in 
Cuvier's  "  Theory  of  the  Earth,"  pp.  299- 
329,  of  Professor  Jameson's  translation, 
5th  edition,  illustrated  by  three  engravings. 
There  is  also  a  communication  on  the 
**  Mummy  of  the  Egyptian  Ibis,"  in  Gent. 
Mag.  Aug.  1836,  p.  145,  from  Mr.  W.  H. 
Rosser,  who  had  lately  unwrapped  one,  and 
obtained  a  fine  and  perfect  specimen.  Nei- 
ther, however,  notices  the  poetical  claims 
of  the  bird  to  distinction.  But  after  Ober- 
lin's  note  on  the  word  Ibis,  in  his  C/am, 
the  student  will  be  glad  to  know,  where  he 
can  find  the  zoological  part  of  the  subject 
more  co||iously  treated. 

We  have  left  ourselves  little  room  to 
notice  peculiarities  of  translation  or  editor- 
ship, and  fortunately  there  is  little  to  say. 
The  version  appears  to  be  generally  cor- 
rect, without  servility ;   for  instance,  at 


L  2  of  the  Ibis,  the  word  inerme  is  well 
translated  inoffenaive.  But  at  Tristia,  ii. 
19»  7VtfMran/if«  should  be  TeuMrat.  Mr. 
Riley  retains  1.  13 1 -2  of  the  Ibia^  which 
Oberlin  has  bracketed,  and  Merkel  rejects. 
At  Tristia  ii.  148,  he  reads  fata^  where 
Merkel  prefersybc/a.  He  has  ably  avoided 
some  of  the  dangers  by  which  a  translator 
of  the  Fasti  is  beset  Of  the  fragment  of 
the  Halieuticon  he  has  made  as  much  as  its 
mutilated  state  allows. 


Theology, — The  demand  in  this  depart- 
ment must  be  great,  when  the  supply  is  so 
ample  of  minor  publications,  to  say  nothing 
of  the  larger  ones.     We  must  therefore  be 
brief  in  our  miscellaneous   notices.      1. 
Chritiian  TUles,   by  S.  H.  Syng,  D,D. 
12mo.  pp.  207.    The  author  is  rector  of 
St.  George's  Church,  New  York,  and  well 
known  in  this  country  as  the  biographer 
of  Bedellf  a  worthy  American  namesake 
of  the  celebrated  Bishop,  whose  excellen- 
cies Burnet  has  so  well  pourtrayed.     This 
volume  contains  a  series  of  "  Practical 
Meditations  on  Christian  appellations,  such 
as  Heirs  of  God,  Little  Flock,  Salt  of  the 
Earth,  &c."    The  idea  appears  new,  and  it 
is  certainly  well  executed ;  and,  for  its  size, 
the  work  is  one  of  some  importance. — 2. 
The  Faithful  Promieer.     Square  32mo. 
pp,  127.    This  is  a  series  of  comments  on 
various  Scriptural  Promises.  The  style  re- 
minds us  of  Quarles's  **  Judgment  and 
Mercy,"  which  Dr.  Dibdin  revived  by  re- 
printing it  after  being  long  forgotten.  The 
preface  briefly  recommends  their  use  *'  in 
the  hour  of  meditation,  or  the  season  of 
sorrow." — 3.    Sunday  Readings,     By  T, 
Sworde,  M,A,    Potl  Svo,  pp,  3Sl.    These 
are  Sermons  on  the  first  Lessons ;  that  on 
"  The  Egyptian  Taskmaster"  is  excellent, 
and  the  subject  is  well  applied,  by  way  of 
contrast,  to  Christian  obedience.   The  last 
sermon,  "  On  the  hardening  of  Pharoah's 
heart,"   ends  too  abruptly,  but  contains 
some  striking  remarks. — 4.  A  Treatise  on 
the  Peculiarities  of  the  Bible,     By  B.  D, 
Rendell,    Post  Svo.  pp,  552.    Many  parts 
of  this  work  have  formed  public  discourses, 
which  several  friends  of  the  author  have 
desired  to  see  in  print.   He  mentions,  that 
they  have  been  useful  in  preventing  scepti- 
cism.    But  to  us,  some  of  the  professed 
solutions  rather  seem  to  shift  the  di£Bcul- 
ties  than  to  remove  them. — 5.  Sermons  by 
the  late  Archdeacon  Vickers.    Fcp,  8w. 
pp,  334.     It  is  a  trite  observation,  that 
preaching  and  publishing  sermons  are  very 
different  things,  and  the  difference  is  in- 
creased in  the  case  of  posthumous  ones, 
which  are  selected,  not  by  the  author,  but 
by  friends.     We  have  no  wish  to  call  the 
judgment  of  the  editors  in  question,  but 
the  nineteenth  sermon  (on  Regeneration) 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews* 


61 


BOj^ests  one  remark.  The  author  appears 
embarrassed  by  his  subject,  and  being 
avowedly  unable  to  render  it  plain,  takes 
refuge  in  mysteriousness.  This  shows  the 
necessity  of  forbearance  in  disputation  ; 
and  a  suitable  lesson  may  be  learned  from 
one  of  Sallust's  fragments:  "  Castriscol- 
latis,  pugna  tamen  ingenio  loci  prohibe- 
batur.'' — 6.  Scenes  in  the  Life  qf  Christ, 
By  the  Rev,  H.  Christmas,  M.A.  Svo, 
pp,  191.  These  discourses  are  animated, 
but  at  p.  84-5  the  author  goes  too  much 
into  detail,  we  think,  on  the  attributes  of 
our  Lord*s  humanity,  and  treads  a  step  or 
two  beyond  the  point  where  we  conceive  it 
fittest  to  stop.  There  is  a  good  remark  of 
Bishop  Watson's,  not  inapplicable  to  the 
subject,  on  Luke,  x.  22,  *'  That  no  one  but 
the  Father  and  the  Son  is  capable  of  com- 
prehending the  sonship  of  the  one,  or  the 
paternity  of  the  other."  (Life,  vol.  ii.  p. 
353.)  We  need  hardly  add,  that  many  will 
be  surprised  at  finding  Watson  recede  so 
far  from  the  opinions  of  Gilbert  Wakefield, 
against  which  he  was  then  contending. 

Sir  Philip  Sidney,  and  other  Stars  of 
the  Sixteenth  Century,  By  S.  S.  S.,  a?.- 
thor  of  **  Life,  and  other  Poems,**  &c., 
12mo.— This  **  Life  and  Times,"  though 
a  small  volume,  is  very  richly  fraught  with 
the  history,  biography,  and  literature  of 
the  period  selected,  accompanied  by  reflec- 
tions well  suited  for  juvenile  readers.  The 
author,  who  is  a  lady,  does  not  cite  her 
authorities ;  but  she  has  evidently  drawn 
upon  the  reservoirs  of  Hallam,  and  Warton, 
and  Disraeli,  and  such  others  as  are  best 
able  to  supply  the  most  substantial  infor- 
mation, though  possibly  it  has  been  de- 
rived in  some  measure  through  the  more 
ordinary  conduit- pipes  of  the  Pictorial  His- 
tory of  England,  &c.  There  are  a  few 
mistakes,  such  as  in  pp.  90, 91,  that  "  The 
see  of  Winchester  was  reduced  to  little 
more  than  a  title  ;  the  Bishopric  of  Durham 
dissolved;  the  public  library  at  Oxford 
stripped  of  all  its  books  and  MSS."— -state- 
ments which,  however  partially  founded 
in  fact,  are  calculated  to  convey  false  ideas 
without  further  information,  since  all  these 
institutions  not  only  recovered  from  their 
spoliations, but  became  perhaps  richer  than 
before  in  comparison  with  their  fellows* 
We  are  sorry  also  to  see  many  typographi- 
cal errors,  not  only  in  Latin  quotations, 
&c.,  but  particularly  in  proper  names.  With 
these  drawbacks,  we  consider  the  book  a 
very  pleasing  introduction  to  the  literature 
and  manners  of  the  Elizabethan  age. 

The  Child* s  In- Door  Companion ;  or. 
Stones  for  Rainy  Days.  By  S.  S.  S.— This 
is  a  book  by  the  same  author  of  still  smaller 
sixe,  and  for  children  of  a  smaller  growth. 


It  is  full  of  short  stories,  chiefly  in  rhyme, 
and  well  suited  for  the  comprehension  and 
instruction  of  the  denizens  of  the  nursery. 

Obsolete  Words  and  Phrases  in  the 
Bible  and  Apocrypha  (including  those  in 
the  Contents  qf  Chapters  and  Marginal 
Readings),  and  also  in  the  Prayer  Book, 
familiarly  explained.  By  the  Rev,  John 
Booker,  A,M,  Vicar  of  Killurin,  Diocese 
qf  Ferns,  Wearford,  ISmo. — A  good  design, 
and  reasonably  well  executed.  Though 
the  changes  in  the  English  language  have 
been  far  fewer  since  the  era  of  the  Autho* 
rised  version  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and 
the  compilation  of  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer,  than  in  earlier  periods  of  its  ca- 
reer, and  though  it  is  certain  that  these 
standards  have  themselves  contributed  to 
its  permanent  condition,  they  still  contain 
some  words  and  many  forms  of  expression 
which  are  nearly  if  not  entirely  obsolete, 
except  as  they  may  occur  in  the  perform- 
ance of  divine  worship;  and  whilst  the 
greater  part  of  these  may  be  generally  un- 
derstood, they  are  obviously  subject  to 
partial  misapprehension.  A  manual  help- 
ing to  explain  them  must  therefore  be  ser- 
viceable. We  think,  however,  that  Mr. 
Booker  has  included  several  which  are 
neither  unintelligible  nor  even  unusual : 
possibly  this  may  arise  from  his  residence 
in  a  remote  district  of  the  sister  island; 
whilst  perhaps  there  are  still  some  obscure 
expressions  that  he  has  overlooked. 

The  Birth  of  the  War- God :  a  Poem  by 
Kalidasa,  Translated  from  the  Sanskrit 
into  English  Verse,  by  Ralph  T.  H.  Grif- 
fith, M.A.  of  Queen* s  College,  Oxford, 
Boden  Sanskrit  Scholar,  author  qf  **  Spe- 
cimens of  Old  Indian  Poetry.**  Svo. — The 
poet  Kalidasa  lived  at  the  court  of  the 
King  of  Oujein  about  the  time  when  Vir- 
gil and  Horace  were  shedding  an  undying 
lustre  on  the  court  of  Augustus.  His 
drama  of  Sakontala  was  translated  by  Sir 
William  Jones,  and  has  long  enjoyed  a 
European  celebrity ;  and  that  of  **  The 
Hero  and  the  Nymph  "  is  one  of  the  best 
in  the  Hindu  Theatre  of  Professor  Wilson. 
The  present  is  an  unfinished  or  imperfect 
poem,  it  is  said  once  consisting  of  twenty- 
two  cantos,  of  which  only  seven  remain. 
An  edition  was  published  by  the  Oriental 
Translation  Fund,  under  the  care  of  Prof. 
Sten2ler.  Mr.  GriflSth's  translation  is 
elegant  and  graceful  ;  yet  it  will  scarcely 
have  attractions  for  any  other  readers  but 
those  who  already  take  an  interest  in  the 
language  and  mythology  of  the  original. 

Mr.  Rutherford's  Children.  By  the 
Authors  of"  The  Wide,  Wide  World,'' and 
"  Glen  JLtinfl.'*— Fathers  and  mothers  may 


62 


Miscellaneous  Reviews* 


[Jan. 


look  long  before  they  find  a  prettier,  gayer, 
more  unexceptionable  book  than  this.  To 
oar  fancies  it  is  about  the  pleasantest  child*s 
book  we  have  opened  for  many  a  day. 
Sinning  against  grammar,  we  are  sorry  to 
say,  very  often — abounding  in  the  ineffably 
vulgar  slip-slop  of  words  and  phrases, 
whidi  is  almost  as  indigenously  American 
as  the  nasal  twang  with  which  its  men, 
women,  and  children  deliver  themselves — 
it  has  merit  and  beauty  enough  to  conquer 
every  disadvantage,  and  to  make  us — old 
people  as  we  are — the  better  and  happier 
for  our  fireside  reading.  What  a  cnarm 
there  is  in  the  sweet,  childish,  unselfish 
character  of  Chryssa !  how  carefully  dis- 
criminated  from  that  of  Sybil,  yet  with 
how  little  appearance  of  art  I  Women 
who  can  write  thus  are  blessings  to  mo- 
thers. We  know  not  which  to  admire 
most — the  light,  hearty,  innocent  gaiety  of 
the  whole,  the  loving  joyousness  which 
seems  to  come  from  minds  at  peace  with 
themselves,  or  the  thoughtful  acknowledg- 
ment throughout  of  claims,  serious  and 
manifold,  which  no  one  may  evade— of 
first  duties,  never  to  be  forgotten,  never  to 
be  dispensed  with.  How  nearly  allied  may 
be  the  sources  of  the  grave  and  the  gay — 
how  harmoniously  the  gifts  of  both  may 
be  blended — let  such  a  book  as  this  shew ! 


of  Corpus  Cbristi  college,  whose  name  is 
a  sufficient  passport  to  any  volume  that 
bears  it  on  the  title-page.  In  condescend- 
ing to  superintend  publications  for  the 
instruction  of  youth,  he  has  abdicated  a 
loftier  position  of  authorship  for  one  of 
extensive  usefulness. 


Louisa  von  PMienhaus,  or  the  Journal 
qfa  Poor  Young  Lady,  Translated  from 
the  German,  Edinburgh, — A  very  touch- 
ing little  sketch  of  the  troubles  and  humi- 
liations of  a  proud  and  poor  family.  In 
style  it  resembles  Miss  firemer.  It  is 
really  worth  both  the  pains  of  translating 
and  the  handsome  style  of  its  printing. 

Work :  plenty  to  dOf  and  how  to  do  it. 
Second  series.  —  Equally  good  with  the 
first. 


Saturday  and  Sunday,  Thoughts  for 
both,  Glasgow, — These  are  short  sermons 
or  essays  on  many  subjects.    They  are 

fublished  in  three  separate  parts  also  : 
.  Aims  and  Ends  ;  2.  Spare  Moments ; 
t.  Green  Leaves;  but  are  here  collected 
into  one  very  pleasing  and  sensible  volume, 
impressive  without  exaggeration.  They 
have  already  had  a  circulation  of  many 
thousands,  not  undeserved,  nor  likely  to  be 
diminished  by  the  present  el^ant  edition. 

Charles  Roussel.  1 8mo.  pp.  1 85 . — This 
tale,  which  is  meant  to  show  the  advantages 
of  industry  and  honesty,  is  "  adapted  from 
the  French*'  of  M.  Porchat,  author  of 
**  Three  Months  under  the  Snow."  (See 
Ibfay,  p.  524.)  It  is  edited  by  the  Rev. 
T.  T.  Haverfield,  Rector  of  Goddington, 
Oxon,  formerly  (as  we  remember)  Fellow 


7^«  Monthly  Volume.  Successful  Men 
of  Modem  Times.  \%mo.  pp,  1 92.— This 
is  an  interesting  compendium  of  biography 
in  various  departments,  mercantile,  artis- 
tic, scientific,  literary,  &c.  It  contains, 
among  others,  an  account  of  the  late  Dr. 
Lee,  whose  recent  death  has  drawn  atten- 
tion to  his  meritorious  career.  We  would 
narticularly  refer  juvenile  readers  to  the 
ract,  that  his  first  decided  inducement  to 
study,  to  which  his  subsequent  advance- 
ment may  be  traced,  arose  out  of  following 
an  uncongenial  occupation,  on  account  of 
his  mother's  poverty  (p.  116).  Let  the 
clerk  "  who  pens  a  stanza  when  he  sboald 
engross,"  attentively  consider  this. 

The  Happy  Resolve.  18mo.  pp,  52. — 
This  little  book  professes  to  be  ''a  tale 
from  real  life,"  and  therefore  has  its  im- 
portance, on  Johnson's  principle,  that  every 
life  if  written  would  be  useful.  It  exem- 
plifies the  insufficiency  of  inadequate  mo- 
tives even  for  good  conduct,  ana  the  dis- 
appointment which  they  eventually  cause, 
till  replaced  by  higher  and  better  induce- 
ments. 


Avillion  and  other  Tales.  By  the  Author 
qf**  The  Head  qfthe  Family/*  in  3  voU. 
— If  Miss  Mulock  disappoints  the  public 
by  the  present  compilation,  she  does  not 
deceive  them  ;  and  she  has  the  means  of 
putting  them  into  good  temper  with  her 
by  writing  one  of  her  most  effective  novels. 
We  are  glad  to  believe  these  tales  to  be 
no  novelties,  as  there  are  few  things  less 
agreeable  than  to  witness  the  decline  of 
power  in  one  as  yet  so  young  in  years  and 
mind. 


Ailifford,  By  the  Author  qf  ''John 
Drayton  and  the  MeMlles.**  3  vols,— 
This  is  a  highly  wrought  and  very  beauti- 
ful fiction.  We  have  seldom  read  one 
calling  out  so  deep  an  interest.  The  cha- 
racters are  well  drawn  and  the  tone  high. 

Fly  Leaves ;  or.  Scraps  and  Sketches, 
Literary,  Biographical,  and  Miscellaneous. 
(John  Miller.)  12mo. — Mr.  Miller,  who  is 
a  bookseller  in  Chandos*street,  Trafalgar- 
square,  has  for  some  time  past  added  a 
value  to  his  Catalogues  (which  he  pub- 
lishes periodically,  under  the  title  of  Mil- 
]er*s  London  Librarian  and  Book-Buyers' 
Gazette),  by  appending  notes    on  anti- 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


63 


quarian  and  historical  subjects,  specimens 
of  old  poetry,  biliograpnical  notices  of 
scarce  books,  memorials  of  old  London, 
and  miscellaneous  scraps  of  curious  in- 
formation, which  are  now  collected  in  this 
pleasant  series  of  **  Fly  Leares."  Among 
so  many  matters  new  and  old,  it  is  impos- 
sible for  us  to  say  what  proportion  of  the 


book  is  original  There  is  enough,  how- 
ever, we  dee,  to  give  a  permanent  Ttdue  tb 
this  nice  little  tome,  which  is  very  neatl]^ 
edited,  with  a  classified  table  of  contents 
and  an  index.  We  hope  that  Mr.  Millel' 
will  continue  to  avail  himself  of  his  lite- 
rary advantages  to  the  same  good  pnrpote. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

Nov.  24.  J.  p.  Collier,  esq.  V.P.  in 
the  chair. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society:  James  James, 
esq.  solicitor,  of  Aylesbury ;  Hugh  Ed- 
monstone  Montgomerie,  esq. ;  Matthew 
Digby  Wyatt,  esq.  architect ;  Herbert 
Ingram,  esq.  of  LK)udwater,  Herts ;  and 
George  James  John  Mair,  esq.  architect, 
of  Upper  Bedford-place. 

Thomas  Chapman,  esq.  F.S.  A.  exhibited 
some  beautiful  examples  of  flint  spear- 
heads, arrow-heads,  and  implements  of 
the  primaeval  period,  found  by  Mr.  Samuel 
Anderson,  of  Whitby,  in  British  tumuli 
in  Yorkshire.  Some  of  them  resembled 
rude  combs,  and  were  probably  made  for 
that  use ;  but  it  had  been  suggested  that 
they  were  instruments  used  for  tattooing, 
although  it  is  not  recorded  of  the  Britons 
that  they  punctured  their  skins  to  effect 
that  object. 

Mr.  Akerman  read  extracts  from  a 
letter  addressed  to  him  by  Monsieur 
Troyon,  of  Bel  Air,  giving  an  account  of 
the  discovery  at  Tomy,  near  Puyeme,  of 
a  stone  sepulchre  containing  several  skele- 
tons, one  of  which  had  on  the  arms  enor- 
mous jet  bracelets.  M.  Troyon  observed 
that  the  only  bracelets  of  a  similar  descrip- 
tion had  been  found  in  the  counties  of 
B&Ie  and  Berne,  in  tumuli  of  the  late 
Helvetic  period,  prior  to  the  Roman  con- 
quest. He  was  desirous  of  ascertaining 
whether  bracelets  of  the  same  kind  bad 
ever  been  found  in  England. 

W.  M.  Wylie,  esq.  communicated  an 
account  of  his  visit,  in  the  autumn  of  the 
present  year,  to  the  Frank  cemetery  at 
Envermue,  in  company  with  the  Abbe 
Cochet,  the  government  inspector  of  arts 
and  monuments  for  the  department  of  the 
Seine  Inf^rieure.  Many  skeletons  were 
exhumed,  and  found  to  be  accompanied 
by  the  usual  relics  deposited  with  the 
dead.  Mr.  Wylie  observed  on  the  very 
cognate  character  of  the  Frank  and  Anglo- 
Saxon  interments,  which  differ  simply  as 
different  tribes  of  the    great  Germanic 


population,  and  urged,  in  conclusion,  the 
importance  of  a  diligent  comparison  of 
the  sepulchral  usages  of  the  two  nation^. 

J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P.  presented  to 
the  Society  eighteen  additional  fac-similes 
of  leaves  from  his  annotated  folio  Shak- 
speare,  executed  by  Mr.  Netherclift  in  hb 
most  careful  manner. 

Vee,  1.  The  Viscount  Mahon^  Prefi. 
dent,  in  the  chair. 

Augustus  Stafford  Jemingham,  esq.  of 
the  17th  Lancers,  William  Batchelor  Dia- 
mond, esq.  of  Henley-in-Arden,  Thomas 
Love  Duncombe  Jones  Parry,  esq.  of 
Madryn,  co.  Carnarvon,  and  Wm.  Chat)* 
man  Harnett,  esq.  of  Russell- square,  wero 
elected  Fellows.  Other  business  was  get 
aside  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  the 
Revised  Statutes,  the  new  clauses  of  which 
are  described  in  our  Magazine  for  July 
last,  p.  69,  and  are  flirther  noticed  in  the 
Notes  of  the  Month  of  our  present  number. 
On  the  ballot  being  taken,  there  appeared 
for  their  adoption — Ayes,  101  ;  Noes,  4; 

Sir  Henry  Ellis  was  then  elected  Di- 
rector, in  the  place  of  Lord  Viscount 
Strangford  resigned,  and  the  following 
Resolution  was  passed  unanimously : — 
"  Resolved,  That  the  Society  desire  to 
return  their  warm  and  cordial  thanks  to 
Sir  Henry  Ellis  for  his  forty  years  of  most 
valuable  and  able  co-operation  in  the 
business  and  superintendence  of  their  pub- 
lications; in  the  confidence  that  he  will 
carry  the  same  zeal  and  ability  to  the 
office  of  Director,  and  the  hope  that  health 
and  strength  may  be  vouchsafed  to  hlta 
in  that  ofiice  for  many  years  to  come.*' 

Dec,  8.  John  Bruce,  esq.,  Treasurer, 
in  the  Chair. 

Octavius  Morgan,  esq.,  M.P.,  presented 
an  impression  from  an  engraved  plate  of 
the  signs  of  the  Zodiac,  forming  a  portioh 
of  the  Astronomical  Dial  of  a  magnificent 
clock,  made  in  15B9,  by  Isaac  Habrecht, 
a  celebrated  machinist  of  Strasbourg,  in 
imitation  of  his  great  work  the  famous 
clock  in  the  cathedral  of  that  city.  The 
clock  from  which  the  impression  was 
taken  was  made  for  Pope  Sixtus  V.,  and  has 


64 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


[Jan. 


recently  been  purchased  by  Mr.  Morgan. 
The  engravings  upon  it  are  supposed  to 
be  the  work  of  Virgil  Soils. 

Robert  Cole,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented,  as 
a  contribution  to  the  Society *s  collection  of 
Proclamations,  one  for  the  encouragement 
of  Piety  and  Virtue,  dated  1  June,  1787 ; 
also  a  transcript  of  a  manifesto  of  the  Pre- 
tender, dated  from  Plombiers,  the  2.9th 
Aug.  1714. 

Benjamin  Williams,  esq.  F.S.A.,  com- 
municated tracings  of  some  notaries'  marks 
of  the  fourteenth  century,  which  he  had 
found  affixed  to  legal  instruments  in 
Britany. 

George  Steinman  Steinman,  esq.  F.S.A. 
communicated  an  account  of  Charles  the 
Second's  sojourn  at  Bruges  from  April 
1656  to  Feb.  1658,  during  his  exile,  ex- 
tracted from  the  archives  of  that  city. 
This  included  a  list  of  noblemen  and 
gentlemen  in  the  suite  of  Charles,  and  the 
rations  allowed  them.  Also  some  parti- 
culars relating  to  Charles's  admission  into 
the  fraternity  of  archers  and  great  cross- 
bow-men,  a  society  which  exists  to  the 
present  day.  The  book  containing  the 
monarch's  signature,  and  that  of  his 
brother  Henry,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  is 
still  preserved  at  Bruges,  and  on  the  visit 
of  our  Queen  Victoria,  with  the  Prince 
Albert  and  King  Leopold,  in  1843,  their 
names  were  added  as  members  of  the 
ancient  archer  fraternity  of  Saint  George. 

A  description  of  the  field  of  the  Battle 
of  Blore-heath,  by  Richard  Brooke,  esq., 
F.S.A.,  was  then  read.  Mr.  Brooke  had 
explored  the  spot  more  than  once  in  the 
hope  of  acquiring  some  information  of  a 
local  character,  but  failed  to  learn  whether 
any  relics  had  ever  been  dug  up  on  the 
site  of  this  memorable  battle,  which  has 
become  greatly  changed,  the  locality  being 
now  inclosed  and  cultivated,  though  still 
bearing  the  name  of  Blore-heath.  The 
only  existing  memorial  of  the  battle  is  a 
square  pedestal,  surmounted  by  a  cross, 
marking  the  spot  on  which  Lord  Audley 
is  said  to  have  fallen. 

Dec.  15.    Sir  Rob.  H.  Inglis,  Bart.  V.P. 

Augustus  WooUaston  Franks,  of  the 
Department  of  Antiquities  in  the  British 
Museum,  and  George  Henry  Vertue,  esq., 
publisher,  of  FinsburyJSquare,  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis,  Director,  exhibited  a 
cast  from  the  golden  seal  of  Henry  VIII., 
appended  to  the  counterpart  of  the  treaty 
made  with  Francis  I.  in  1527,  now  in  the 
Hotel  Soubise  at  Paris.  The  correspond, 
ing  golden  seal  of  Francis  I.  in  the  Chap- 
ter-house at  Westminster,  has  been  en- 
grafed  in  Rymer*s  Fcedera,  vol.  xiv. 
p.  327.  Henry's  seal  presents  the  King 
seated  on  his  throne,  with  this  legend — 
8 


Henric.  8.  d.o.  Anglise  et  Fracise  R.  Fidei 
Defesor  et  D*n's  Hib.  On  the  reverse, 
the  arms  of  England,  surrounded  by  the 
order  of  the  Garter,  a  border  round  the 
whole,  containing  this  motto — 

Ordine  Jungontur  et  perstant  foedere  cuncta, 

corresponding  to  that  on  the  seal  of 
Francis — 

Plorima  servantur  foedere,  cuncta  fldc. 

J.  Y.  Akerman,  esq.  Sec.  communicated 
a  drawing  of  a^  skull  which  had  been  for- 
warded to  him  by  M.  Troy  on,  of  Belair. 
This  skull  had  been  found  in  the  ancient 
tombs  of  that  locality,  of  which  an  ac- 
count has  been  communicated  to  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Zurich.  It  is 
remarkable  for  the  depression  of  the 
frontal  bone,  evidently  by  artificial  means. 
M.  Troyon  states  that  crania  of  simiUr 
form  were  found  some  years  ago  in  Hun- 
gary, and  that  Dr.  Gosse,  of  Geneva,  had 
discovered  one  or  two  of  the  same  descrip- 
tion near  the  mountain  of  the  Salive. 
Professor  Retzius,  of  Stockholm,  had 
given  his  opinion  that  the  depression  had 
been  produced  by  artificial  means ;  a  prac- 
tice, according  to  Herodotus,  observed  by 
the  ancient  Scythians.  As  these  dis- 
coveries are  extremely  rare  in  Europe, 
and  as  they  very  clearly  belong  to  a  period 
of  invasion,  M.  Troyon  was  led  to  con- 
clude that  these  remarkable  skulls  may  be 
ascribed  to  Scythians  brought  to  the 
locality  where  they  were  discovered  as 
prisoners  by  the  Burgundian  settlers  and 
conquerors.  Mr.  Akerman  observed  that 
the  inquiry  might  be  assisted  by  our 
ascertaining,  by  means  of  the  relics  found 
with  the  remains,  the  probable  status  of 
the  individual  interred,  and  that  he  had 
written  to  M .  Troyon  with  that  object. 

Mr.  J.  Byles  exhibited  a  fibula  of  the 
late  Roman  or  Anglo-Saxon  period,  found 
at  Boxmoor,  Herts.  It  is  of  circular  form, 
and  bears  a  device  resembling  a  coin. 

Aug.  W.  Franks,  esq.,  also  exhibited 
a  fibula  of  circular  form,  bearing  the 
sedent  figure  of  Rome,  as  on  the  coins 
of  the  Lower  Empire,  with  an  unintelligible 
arrangement  of  letters  around  the  figure, 
but  evidently  an  attempt  to  imitate  the 
legend  invicta  .  roma  .  aetkrna.  This 
device,  and  the  size  of  the  fibula,  which 
measures  2  -^  inches  in  diameter,  will  re- 
mind the  numismatist  of  the  large  silver 
medallion  of  Priscus  Attains  (a.d.  409), 
preserved  in  the  British  Museum. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis  communicated  tran- 
scripts of  four  letters  written  by  Nehemia 
Wharton,  a  subaltern  officer  of  the  Earl 
of  Essex's  army,  in  the  autumn  of  1642, 
detailing  the  movements  of  a  portion  of 
that  army  in  the  counties  of  Warwick 
tnd  Northamptoni  shortly  before  the  battle 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


65 


of  Edge  Hill.  The  originals  are  preserved 
in  the  State  Paper  Office. 

Dee,  22.     J.  Payne  CoUier,  esq.,  V.P. 

M.  Prosper  Merim^e  and  the  Comte 
Leon  de  Laborde,  both  members  of  the 
Institute  of  France,  were  elected  Foreign 
Members  of  the  Society  ;  and  the  follow- 
ing were  elected  Feiiows — Richard  Davis, 
esq.  of  St.  Helen's,  merchant ;  Mr.  Samuel 
Tymms,  of  Bury  Saint  Edmund's,  Treasu- 
rer and  Secretary  of  the  East  Suffolk 
Institute  of  Archaeology  and  Nat  His- 
tory; Sir  Norton  Joseph  Knatchbnll, 
Bart,  of  Merstham  Hatch,  Kent ;  the 
Rev.  Robert  Rashleigh  Duke,  of  Chelten- 
ham; the  Rev.  Octavius  Freire  Owen, 
M.A.  Rector  of  Burstow,  Surrey,  transla- 
tor of  the  Organon  of  Aristotle  ;  and  the 
Rev.  George  Wallace,  of  Canterbury. 

Mr.  Akerman  exhibited  a  leaf  of  a  small 
triptych  of  ivory,  containing  in  an  upper 
compartment  the  Saviour  crucified,  be- 
tween Mary  and  John,  and  in  the  Lower 
the  Virgin  seated,  holding  the  Infant  Jesus; 
date,  about  the  end  of  the  13th  century. 

Benjamin  Williams,  esq.  of  Hillingdon, 
exhibited  some  duplicates  of  a  very  com- 
plete collection  of  charters  relating  to  the 
Channel  Islands,  which  have  been  copied 
from  the  originals  by  John  Metivier,  esq. 
of  Guernsey,  and  also  impressions  in 
gutta  percha  of  some  very  interesting 
seals.  Among  them  those  of — 1 .  William 
de  Chayne,  1153  (on  a  shield,  four  fusils, 
each  charged  with  an  escallop  ?)  ;  2.  Ed- 
mond  de  Chaenii,  1365  (the  same  arms)  ; 
3.  Johannes  de  Pratellis  (Priaulx),  circ. 
1200  (a  half-length  figure  of  a  knight  with 
a  shield  of  arms,  a  spread  eagle)  ;  4. 
Thomas  de  Pratellis,  1276  (a  spread 
eagle)  ;    5.  Mace,  or  Masse,  de  la  Court, 

1315,  1329;  6.  Philip  de  Albigneo 
(d'Aubigny),  1218  (four  fusils  on  the  field 
of  the  seal,  without  a  shield)  ;  7.  Hugo  de 
TurbervUle,  (baUiff  of  the  Isles),  1270  ; 
8.  Sire  Othes  de  Grandsson  (Grandison), 

1316,  (a  shield,  Paly,  surmounted  by  a 
bend) ;  9.  Henry  de  St.  Martin  (the  king's 
bailiff  in  Jersey),  1317;  and  several  of 
the  bailiffs  of  Guernsey  (the  three  lions  of 
England). 

Mr.  Melivier's  collection  comprises 
many  charters  dated  before  the  Norman 
conquest,  and  of  these  he  has  placed 
copies  in  the  Bodleian  Library.  One  of 
them  has  Edward  the  Confessor  among 
its  witnesses.  Another  contains  probably 
the  earliest  notice  extant  of  the  proceed- 
ings and  constitution  of  the  ducal  court  of 
Normandy.  A  charter  from  the  Abbey 
aux  Dames,  at  Caen,  dated  1203,  is  sealed 
with  the  privy  signet  of  Prince  John,  who 
received  the  Channel  Islands  in  appanage 
from  his  father,  Henry  II.  Other  charters 
prove  how  private  rights  were  established 

Gemt.  Mag.  Vol.  XLi. 


by  enqueie,  and  how  the  barons  laid  down 
la  coutumef  the  only  law  then  known. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  F.S.A.  ex- 
hibited a  pair  of  highly  ornamented  gloves, 
found  behind  a  wainscot  at  Worcester, 
supposed  to  be  of  the  period  of  Charles  I. 

M.  Leopold  De  Lisle  communicated 
the  letter  of  Louis  VII.  preserved  in  the 
National  Library  of  France,  whereby,  at 
the  request  of  Joscin  of  London,  when 
on  his  way  from  Jerusalem,  permission 
was  granted  to  William  of  London,  hii 
son,  and  Osbert  of  Colchester,  his  kins- 
man and  foster-child,  *'  to  remain  in  our 
land  and  under  our  dominion,"  and  they 
and  their  heirs  were  released  **  from  all 
demands  of  tribute,  forced  contributionsy 
and  exactions,  and  from  all  claims  of 
military  service,  so  long  as  they  remain  in 
our  territories."  The  grant  is  dated  at 
Paris  in  1175.  M.  De  Lisle  supposes 
that  the  two  personages  mentioned  in  this 
grant  were  traders  or  merchants,  but  a 
friend  suggests  that  they  had  probably 
become  possessed  of  land  in  France. 

NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY. 

Nov.  24.  W.  B.  Dickinson,  esq.  of 
Leamington  communicated  an  elaborate 
defence  of  **  Ring- Money  as  a  Medium  of 
Exchange,"  in  reply  to  certain  strictures 
on  former  papers  of  Mr.  Dickinson,  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  Vaux  in  the  last  number  of 
the  Numismatic  Chronicle.  Mr.  Dickin- 
son commenced  his  paper  by  a  definition 
of  **  money,"  which  he  considered  to  be 
'*  every  article  which  is  generally  accepted 
in  a  community  as  a  representative  of 
property  and  a  medium  of  exchange," 
whether  this  be  bullion,  jewels,  cowrie 
shells,  cloth  of  certain  known  lengths  (at 
in  Iceland),  or  masses  of  salt  of  a  fixed 
weight ;  while  by  barter  he  understands 
"  the  exchange  of  one  article  for  another, 
such  articles  being  used  or  required  for 
the  necessities  of  life,  and  not  laid  by  in 
store  for  the  purchase  of  other  commodi- 
ties." At  the  same  time  he  did  not  think 
it  needful  to  constitute  the  character  of 
money  that  articles  should  be  adjusted  to 
a  certain  definite  and  unchanging  weight, 
or  should  consist  of  several  sizes,  as  these 
are  refinements  and  improvements,  but  do 
not  affect  the  principle.  Mr.  Dickinson 
noticed  next  the  form  in  which  the  earlier 
nations  kept  their  money,  which  he  judges 
must  have  been  "  of  such  a  character  that 
it  could  be  looped  together  like  rings," 
a  view  which  he  deduced  from  the  account 
of  the  money  found  in  Benjamin's  sack, 
from  a  picture  in  Sir  Gardner  Wilkinson's 
"  Egypt,*'  copied  from  the  walls  of  one  of 
the  catacombs  in  that  country,  from  the 
story  of  Rebecca  in  Gen.  xxiv.  22,  and  from 
that  of  the  Midianites  in  Judges  viii.  S4. 

K 


66 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Jan. 


The  ftane  object  of  '*  looping  together," 
Mr.  Dickinson  traces  in  the  ancient  gold 
rings  of  Ireland,  the  internal  apertures  of 
which  are  too  small  to  have  been  used  as 
finger,  ear,  or  nose  rings  ;  while  the  same 
practice  is  still  in  Togue  in  China  and 
Japan,  and  may  be  traced  in  the  former 
country  (if  Mr.  Williams  is  correct  in  his 
estimation  t>f  the  dates  of  the   Chinese 
dynasties)  as  early  as  B.C.  1118.    The  use 
of  rings  (at  the  present  day)  for  money, 
Mr.  Dickinson  showed  from  an  anecdote, 
mentioned  by  Mr.   Bonomi,  of  the  pur- 
chase of  a  slave  from  a  Jelab  dealer;  while 
he  stated  that  Lieut.  Cmttenden,  now  As- 
sistant Political  Agent  at  Aden,  made  use 
of  ear-rings  of  silver  when  trading  with  the 
Bedouins  of  Socotra.    Mr.  Denton,  also, 
a  missionary  at  Regent,  near  Sierra  Leone, 
affirms  that  the  gold  rings,  common  in 
that    part  of  Africa,  are  rarely  used  as 
ornaments,  but  generally  as  money   in 
trading.    In  the  conclusion  of  his  paper, 
Mr.  Dickinson  stated  that  he  was  equally 
at  variance  with  Mr.  Yaux  on  the  subject 
of  that  species  of  coin  termed  **  Fish-hook 
money,''  which  he,  Mr.  Yaux,  had  af- 
firmed to  belong  to  Larist^n,  in  Persia, 
and  not,  as  Mr.  Dickinson  had,  in  former 
papers,  asserted,  to  the  Island  of  Ceylon. 
Mr.  Dickinson  said,   that  in  the  island 
itself  this  coin  was  known  by  the  names  of 
"  Coco-reedi"  and  "dudu-masu,"  both  of 
which  mean  '*  hook-money;"    that  it  is 
proved  from  Knox's  **  Account  of  Cey- 
lon" to  have  been   current  there  more 
than  two  centuries  ago ;  and  that,  though 
rarely,  instances  have  been  found  of  such 
money  bearing  a  stamp  upon  them,  re- 
lembliog  the  characters  of  the  Devanagari 
alphabet 

Mr.  John  Evans  read  a  paper,  "  On  the 
attribution  of  a  new  type  in  silver  to  Dub- 
Bovellaunus,"  in  which  he  expressed  a 
doubt  as  to  the  correctness  of  the  former 
attribution,  by  Taylor  Combe,  of  the  coin 
,  which  he  calls  that  of  Dumnorix,  a  chief  of 
the  j£duans,  who  is  mentioned  by  Ciesar. 
On  the  contrary,  Mr.  Evans  belieres  that 
the  coin  in  question  is  not  of  Gkiulish  but 
of  British  origin,  chiefly  because  in  the 
vast  collection  of  Gaulish  coins  in  the 
Biblioth^ue  Nationale  at  Paris,  which  has 
been  careftilly  catalogued  by  M.  Dacha- 
lais,  no  similar  specimen  is  found,  while 
there  is  a  considerable  resemblance  in  type 
and  workmanship,  both  of  the  obverse  and 
reverse,  to  coins  of  acknowledged  British 
fabric. 

Mr.  Webster  sent  some  impressions  in 
wax  of  unpublished  varieties  of  rare  coins. 
One  was  of  Vetranio, — the  peculiarity 
being  that  it  is  spelt  '*  Yertanio ;  "  ano- 
ther of  a  very  rare  coin  of  Alexander  Ty- 
rannus,   struck   in    Africa;   a    third,   an 


unique  type  of  the  Oem  Conconia,  on 
which  Hercules  is  represented  capturing 
the  stag  from  Eurystheus ;  and  the  fourth, 
a  halfpenny  of  Edward  the  Fourth,  which 
has  not  yet  been  published. 

D$c,  22.  Professor  Wilson  Hn  the 
Chair)  read  a  paper,  '<  On  the  Fish-hook 
Money  of  Ceylon."  He  described  a 
hoard  which  had  been  found  in  that  island 
and  was  now  in  the  East  India  House. 
He  sufficiently  proved  it  was  currency  by 
stating  the  name  of  the  issuer  which  was 
stamped  upon  it,  as  well  as  the  date  1071 
of  the  Hegira,  equivalent  to  a.d.  1679. 

Mr.  Fairholt  read  a  notice  of  a  disco- 
very of  rudely-formed  Celtic  Coins  in  the 
Isle  of  Thanet,  some  of  which,  collected 
by  Mr.  Rolfe,  he  exhibited. 

Mr.  Roberts  read  a  note  on  a  Cohi  of 
Edred  which  he  attributed  to  a  king  of 
Northumbria,  a.d.  955. 

Dr.  Lee  presented  to  the  Society  50 
small-brass  coins  of  Alexandria,  obtained 
by  him  at  Cairo.  Dr.  Lee  then  read  from 
a  local  paper  an  account  of  a  discovery  of 
Roman  Coins  at  Banbury.  Mr.  Yaux 
stated  that  they  were  all  in  the  British 
Museum,  where  they  were  being  examined 
and  classified,  and  that  the  result  would 
be  laid  before  the  Society. 

Mr.  Rolfe  exhibited  an  impression  from 
a  Coin  of  Pepin  of  France,  said  to  have 
been  found  recently  at  Richborough :  and 
Mr.  650cke  exhibited  a  bronze  die  for  the 
reverse  of  a  Coin  of  Queen  Berenice.  It 
is  in  excellent  preservation,  and  of  great 
rarity. 

ARCHJtOLOOICAL   INSTITUTE. 

Nov.  4.  James  Yates,  esq.  F.R.S.  in 
the  chair. 

Mr.  Yates,  in  opening  the    proceed- 
ings of  another    Session,  offered    some 
observations  on  the   success   which  had 
attended  the  undertaking  carried  out  with 
so  much  spirit  and  good  taste  by  their 
noble   President,  in  connexion   with  the 
Industrial  Exhibition  at  Dublin.     Many 
members  of  the  Institute  had,  in  common 
with  himself,  viewed  with  the  highest  in- 
terest the  remarkable  assemblage  of  ancient 
relics  arranged  under  Lord  Talbot's  direc- 
tion in  the  **  Archseological  Court  ;*'  and 
they  would  long  remember  with  gratifica- 
tion, not  only  the  occasion  thus  presented 
to   English  antiquaries   of  becoming  ac- 
quainted with  the  singular  antiquities  of 
the  sister  kingdom,  but   the  advantage 
which  had  accrued  on  this  occasion,  by 
bringing  us  into  friendly  communication 
with  many  persons  of  congenial  tastes  and 
pursuits.    It  might  be  hoped  that  Lord 
Talbot's  energetic  effbrts  in  the  formation 
of  this  collection  would  tend  to  clear  away 
the  obscurities  in  which  the  antiquities  of 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


67 


IreUnd  are  still  merged,  and  that  the  ves- 
tiges of  all  periods  might  ere  long  be 
brought  into  some  more  scientific  cUssi- 
fication.  It  was  much  to  be  regretted  that 
no  detailed  catalogue  of  the  collection  had 
been  published,  such  as  had  been  pro- 
posed by  Mr.  Fairholt,  but  abandoned  for 
want  of  sufficient  encouragement  Mr. 
Yates  wished,  however,  to  call  attention 
to  the  Photographic  representations  of 
some  of  the  most  curious  productions  of 
early  Irish  art  exibited  at  Dublin,  such  as 
the  Cross  of  Cong,  the  shrine  of  St.  Man- 
chan,  the  bell  of  St.  Patrick,  and  other 
richly  decorated  works  in  metal.  These 
Photographs  bad  been  produced  with  ad- 
mirable skill  by  Mr.  P.  Delamotte,  who 
had  brought  them  for  the  inspection  of 
the  meeting ;  and  it  may  be  hoped  that 
their  publication  will  be  carried  out  by 
Mr.  Cuudall,  who  had  secured  the  valua- 
ble aid  of  the  ^v.  Charles  Graves,  one  of 
the  most  able  and  accurate  of  Irish  Ar- 
chaeologists, to  supply  the  descriptive  text 
of  this  interesting  work. 

Mr.  Greville  Chester  communicated  an 
account  of  Wangford,  near  Brandon,  in 
Suffolk,  and  of  numerous  ancient  relics 
obtained  by  him  from  that  locality.  He 
described  a  singular  sandy  tract  which  is 
thickly  strewed  with  bones  of  men  and 
animals,  fragments  of  Roman  pottery  in 
profusion,  broken  querns,  and  relics  of 
metal.  Numerous  coins,  beads,  and  other 
personal  ornaments,  have  been  picked  up 
at  various  times,  and  amongst  these  some 
objects  of  gold  ;  but  they  have  been  dis- 
persed, with  the  exception  of  the  collec- 
tions formed  by  Mr.  Chester  and  by  Mr. 
Eagle,  of  Lakenheath,  of  which  a  descrip- 
tion was  given.  The  site  must  have  been 
occupied  in  early  times  by  a  considerable 
popiUation.  Mr.  Chester  had  sought  in 
vain  for  any  relics  of  the  Anglo- Saxon  age, 
but  he  described  another  locality,  about  a 
milk  distant  from  Wangford,  where  several 
Saxon  urns  had  been  disinterred. 

Some  observations  were  read  on  the 
proposed  "Restorations*'  of  Sompting 
Church,  Sussex,  and  the  apprehension 
that  the  curious  architectural  features  of 
that  early  fabric  might  suffer  injury.  In 
the  conversation  which  ensued,  the  Rev. 
J.  L.  Petit  stated  his  opinion  of  the  very 
interesting  character  of  this  relic  of  Saxon, 
or  very  early  Norman  architecture,  and 
how  desirable  it  were  to  guard  against  any 
risk  of  such  results  as  too  frequently  arise 
from  injudicious  renovation  and  repairs. 

A  communication  was  received  relating 
to  the  monumeotal  effigies  at  Chenies, 
Bucks,  described  by  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Kelke, 
at  a  previous  meeting,  as  noticed  in  this 
Magazine,   Nov.    1852.     The    writer    of 


these  remarks  inclined  to  assign  \,\ie  me- 
morials to  the  De  Couci  family*  md  not 
to  the  Cheneys,  as  had  been  shewn  in 
Mr.  Kelke's  memoir. 

Mr.  Augustus  Franks  gave  an  account 
of  a  valuable  astrolabe,  bearing  date  1342, 
probably  of  English  workmanship,  en- 
graved with  Arabic  numerals,  and  calcu- 
lated for  the  meridian  of  London.  Mr. 
Franks  had  noticed  it  in  the  museum  of 
Mr.  Joseph  Mayer,  F.S.A.  at  Liverpool  ; 
and  it  had  been  liberally  presented  by 
that  gentleman  to  the  British  Museum,  to 
be  placed  with  the  astrolabe  described  by 
Mr.  Franks  at  a  former  meeting.  Ha 
gave  some  interesting  particu^s  regard- 
ing the  various  uses  of  the  astrolabe,  an4 
the  ancient  treatises  on  that  instrumeni, 
of  whicli  that  written  by  Chaucer  is  th^ 
most  worthy  of  attention.  Major  Raw? 
linson  had  informed  Mr.  Franks  that  hs 
had  found  the  astrolabe  very  serviceable 
in  parts  of  Africa,  and  in  Eastern  coun- 
tries, where  the  natives  look  with  suspi- 
cion upon  astronomical  or  other  scientifiG 
instruments  used  by  Europeana.  Thp 
facility  with  which  the  astrolabe  may  be 
employed  had  frequently  obviated  the  im- 
pediments caused  by  such  a  feeling. 

iAr,  Birch  sent  for  examination  nume- 
rous objects  of  the  Roman  peripd,  foopd 
at  St.  Alban's,  accompanied  by  an  acconut 
of  the  remains  of  a  building  recently 
broken  up  at  that  place,  with  vestiges  of 
a  hypocaust,  &c.  Mr.  Birch  considers  it 
to  have  been  a  villa ;  and  he  sent  several 
portions  of  mural  decorations,  the  walls  of 
the  chambers  having  been  painted  inter- 
nally with  various  colours.  The  remaiof 
of  pottery  were  curious,  as  presenting 
examples  of  a  very  great  variety  of  wares, 
from  the  most  elaborate  to  those  of  rudest 
fabrication.  Part  of  a  tessellated  pave- 
ment had  been  also  disinterred. 

A  letter  was  read,  from  the  Hon. 
Richard  Neville,  communicating  the  latest 
particulars  connected  with  the  examine*  ^ 
tion  of  a  Roman  villa  of  considerable  ex- 
tent, at  Wenden,  near  Audley  End,  which 
he  had  recently  undertaken.  Numeroni 
coins,  fibulse,  &c.,  had  been  collected 
amongst  the  foundations  already  laid  open 
to  view.  Mr.  Neville  gave  also  a  report 
of  his  recent  excavations  near  the  Bartlow 
Hills. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Jenkins  sent,  through 
Mr.  Birch,  the  description  of  certain  an- 
cient embankments  in  St.  Margaret's 
Park,  south  of  Hereford,  as  described  in 
our  Magazine  for  October,  p.  387. 

Mr.  Nesbitt  exhibited  a  facsimile  of  a 
very  singular  sepulchral  effigy,  engraved 
upon  a  marble  slab  lately  brought  from 
Cyprus,  and  placed  in  the  Hotel  de  Cluny 


68 


Antiquarian  Researche$. 


[Jati. 


at  Paris.  It  represents  a  knight,  Bro- 
cardus  de  Charpigny,  of  a  noble  family  in 
the  Morea.  The  costume  is  very  singular. 
Numerous  other  monuments  of  a  similar 
character  eiist  in  Cyprus.  Mr.  Nesbitt 
produced  also  an  incised  memorial,  found 
at  Ledbury,  Herefordshire.  It  is  the 
portraiture  of  Edward  Cooper,  Archdea- 
con of  Hereford,  who  died  1596. 

Amongst  antiquities  exhibited,  were  two 
stone  axe-heads  found  near  Bournemouth, 
and  a  numerous  series  of  "coal-money  *' 
from  Dorsetshire  ;  in  the  collection  of  the 
Rev.   H.   Austin.    Two  arrow-heads   of 
silex,  found  in  N.  Britain,  showing  the 
greatest  perfection  in   their  fabrication, 
and  presented  to  the  Institute  by  the  Duke 
of  Richmond.  An  ancient  chalice,  brought 
from  Italy,  a  roundel  and  triptych  of  ivory, 
beautifully  sculptured ;  these  were  contri- 
buted by  Mr.  Farrer.   Two  richly  coloured 
plates  of  enamelled  work,  probably  Vene- 
tian, with  Christian  symbols,  were  brought 
by  Mr.  Franks;  who  produced  also  certain 
relics  discovered  jn  the  early  British  tu- 
muli on  Bow  Hill  near  Chichester,  opened 
during  the  meeting  of  the  Institute  in  that 
town.     Mr.  Forrest  sent  a  fine  enamelled 
crucifix  of  the  twelfth  century,  enriched 
with  jewels;  also  an  unique  specimen  of 
Venetian  glass,  a  large  covered  cup  of  most 
skilful  workmanship,  and  delicately  en- 
riched with  colour.   It  came  from  a  choice 
collection    lately  dispersed  at    Cologne. 
Mr.  Fairless,  of  Hexham,  sent  a  notice 
of  the  discovery  of  a  beautiful  gold  ring, 
near  that  place,  apparently  of  early  Nor- 
man if  not  of  Saxon  work.     It  had  been 
partially  enamelled.      Mr.  Chester  pro- 
duced a  fac-simile  of  a  stone  mould  for 
casting  tokens  ;  it  was  found  in  Norfolk. 
Mr.  W.  Bemhard  Smith  exhibited  several 
ancient  weapons  ;  the  pomel  of  a  knight^s 
sword,  formed  of  red  jasper,  beautifully 
polished;   a  diminutive  steel  arrow,  or 
**  sprite,''  intended  apparently  to  be  fired 
from  a  pistol  or  other  fire-arm.      Mr. 
Bright  brought  for  examination  the  rich 
Saxon  fibula,  of  which  a  representation 
was  given,  Gentleman*8  Magazine,  Febru- 
ary, 1800.     It  was  discovered  near  WeU 
ford,  in  Northamptonshire ;  it  is  of  circu- 
lar form,  enriched  with  gold  filagree  and 
gems,  supposed  to  be  pearls.   This  superb 
example  had  been  in  the  museum  of  the 
late  George  Baker,  Esq.,  the  county  his- 
torian.      Mr.  Bright    exhibited  also  a 
Gnostic  talisman,  a  silver  plate  bearing  a 
long  inscription,  which  had  been   con- 
nected with  the  mysticism  of  the  BasUidian 
heresy.     Mr.  H.  Milman  exhibited  a  reli- 
quary of  latten  metal,  curiously  engraved 
and  inscribed,  apparently  with  the  first 
words  of  the  MMgnifieai.  It  had  been  found 


in  a  cottage  in  Somersetshire :  the  date  is 
early  in  the  fifteenth  century.  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Richardson  produced  a  fac-simile  of 
a  richly  ornamented  pavement  tile,  found 
at  Nuneaton  church,  Warwickshire,  and 
bearing  a  crosier  and  mitre,  with  the  name 
A.  Wyttynton,  possibly  that  of  the  su- 
perior of  a  neighbouring  monastery. 


BRITISH  ARCHiBOLOOICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Nov.  23.  Ralph  Bemal,  esq.  M.A., 
President. 

Mr.  Pettigrew  laid  before  the  meeting 
some  Saxon  remains  found  during  an  ex  • 
cavation  made  at  Rochester,  including 
various  fibuls,  brooches,  buckles,  armills, 
beads,  spear-heads,  and  some  human  bones. 
Twenty  skeletons  had  been  exhumed,  and 
the  place  was  clearly  ascertained  to  have 
been  a  Saxon  burial-ground.  Two  of  the 
brooches,  also  an  armilla,  and  a  buckle  of 
singular  form,  were  ordered  to  be  engraved. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  exhibited  a  rose 
noble  of  Edward  II.,  one  of  the  finest  ex- 
amples of  the  gold  coinage  of  England. 
It  was  found  in  September  last,  in  the  pro- 
gress of  some  excavations  made  in  Bury- 
street  in  the  City.  A  communication  was 
read  from  the  Rev.  Thomas  Rankin, ''  On 
a  Sacrificial  Tumulus  on  the  Yorkshire 
Wolds.'*  The  remains  of  the  bones  of 
animals  were  found  in  considerable  quan- 
tity. Mr.  F.  J.  Baigent  exhibited  a  leaden 
token  of  the  date  of  1531,  found  at  Hyde- 
street,  Winchester.  It  appeared  to  be  a 
religious  token,  and  the  letters  I.  S.  upon 
it  referable  to  John  Saultcot,  the  last 
abbot  of  the  abbey  on  the  site  of  which  it 
was  dug  up.  Mr.  Baigent  also  made  com- 
munications of  numerals  obtained  from 
painted  glass  in  the  Hospital  of  St.  Cross, 
and  from  a  scroll  over  the  fireplace  of  the 
master's  room,  together  with  initials.  Mr. 
Harland  sent  a  copy  of  an  inscription 
upon  a  leaden  plate  brought  from  Smyrna. 
The  letters  are  in  relief,  and  appear  to  be 
Greek  characters,  but  not  readily  distin- 
guishable. Mr.  Petticrew  read  a  paper 
**  On  the  various  MS.  Versions  of  the  Old 
and  New  Testament  attributed  to  John 
Wycliffe,"  and  exhibited  a  very  fine  MS. 
about  A.D.  1390,  the  property  of  Thomas 
Banister,  esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  and 
which  has  been  in  his  family  for  many  ge- 
nerations. It  has  on  the  bottom  of  the 
first  page  the  autograph  of  the  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  afterwards  King  Richard  III. 
A  VOU9  me  /y,  Gloucbstrb,  resembling 
a  similar  inscription  in  a  MS.  at  the  Bri- 
tish Museum,  engraved  in  Mr.  J.  G. 
Nichols's  Fac-similes  of  Autographs,  in 
which  bis  motto  is  LopauUie  me  /y. 


1854,] 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


69 


80CISTT  OF  ANTIQUAKIE8  OF  NBWCAS- 
TLE-UPON-TYNK. 

Dee.  7.  Mr.  W.  H.  Longstaffe  read  a 
short  paper  upon  the  **  Account  of  Alan 
de  Strother,  Sheriff  of  Northumberland , 
for  divers  disbursements  made  on  the  re- 
pair of  divers  houses  within  the  King's 
Castle  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne/*  between 
Nov.  4,  31  Edward  III.  (1357),  and 
March  6  following.  The  works  were  done 
under  the  superintendence  of  Robert  de 
Tyndan,  depu^  of  Gilbert  de  Whitley,  the 
master  and  overseer  of  the  king's  works  in 
the  castle.  The  account  opens  with  **  the 
reparation  of  a  certain  prison  called  the 
Great  Pit  in  a  certain  tower."  By  **  the 
putrefaction  of  the  joists  **  a  floor  **  sud- 
denly fell,"  and  "  almost  killed  those  in- 
carcerated within."  The  workmen,  when 
making  their  repairs,  consumed  four 
pounds  of  candles,  per  obtcurationem  pH- 
nne.  In  connection  with  the  reparation 
of  the  Heron  Pit  (traced  by  Mr.  L.  step 
by  step),  we  read  of  four  great  trees, 
brought  from  the  Gaolegrip,  for  conver- 
sion into  joists.  The  timber  was  landed 
there  by  Jobn  Wodseller,  the  vendor. 
The  sawyer  employed  is  called  John  Sawer. 
The  carpenters,  perhaps  from  their  form 
and  comeliness,  present  themselves  under 
the  name  of  Pratyman.  Adam  le  Lym- 
leder  occurs  as  the  conveyancer  of  the 
requisite  sand  (which  was  brought  from  the 
Sandyate);  and  it  may  be  inferred  from  his 
name  that  he  also  brought  the  lime  got 
from  the  lymekilos  of  Robert  Cook  or 
Koc,  described  as  being  a  mile  distant. 
••  Sparres  of  fyr  "  were  bought  of  Thomas 
de  Kelsoe  on  the  Keysyde.  Mr.  Long- 
staffe notes  that  a  fall  in  wages  had  oc- 
curred beyond  November  and  March.  In 
the  former  month  the  carpenters  and 
masons  had  hd,  a  day  or  half-a-crown  a 
week  ;  in  the  latter  Ad.  a  day,  or  3«.  1  d,  per 
week.  The  labourers  suffered  a  reduction 
from  If.  dd.  to  1«.  ^d.  The  slater  was 
paid  by  the  rood — 18f.  per  rood.  The 
blacksmith  was  paid  by  weight,  receiving 
6<f.  per  stone.  The  masons  paid  2d.  a  pair 
for  gloves,  and  the  candles  consumed  cost 
\\d.  per  pound. 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Henry  Pidcock,  of 
Woodfield,  near  Droitwich,  addressed  to 
Mr.  G.  B.  Richardson,  stated  that  some 
of  the  descendants  of  the  Hennezes,  who 
brought  the  manufacture  of  glass  to  New- 
castle in  1568  (see  the  abstract  of  Mr. 
Richardson's  paper  in  our  November  Ma- 
gazine, p.  508),  had  settled  in  the  vicinity 
of  Stourbridge,  where,  though  now  extinct 
in  the  male  line,  they  are  represented  by 
the  Brettells,  Dizons,  Homfrays,  and  the 
Pidcocks  of  the  Platts.  A  portrait  of 
Joshua  Henzey,  bom  in  1600,  is  in  the 
possession  of  Uie  brother  of  the  writer. 


The  family  came  from  the  village  of  Dar- 
nieulle  in  Lorraine. 


T0RK8HIBB  ANTIQUARIAN   CLUB. 

Nov.  23.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Yorkshire 
Antiquarian  Club,  held  on  Wednesday  last, 
at  the  house  of  Professor  Phillips,  Mr.  W. 
H.  Dykes  read  a  paper  on  some  mural 
paintings  found  in  Pickering  Church. 
These  paintings  were  discovered  during 
some  recent  repairs,  concealed  beneath 
many  coats  of  plaster  and  whitewash. 
They  covered  the  whole  walls  of  the  nave, 
from  the  pillars  to  the  roof.  Beginning 
on  the  south  side  from  the  east  end,  they 
represented,  first,  a  series  of  events  firom 
the  history  of  St.  Katharine,  comprising 
the  fidl  legend  of  that  saint ;  and  then, 
after  an  interval,  various  scenes  from  the 
life  of  our  Lord,— the  healing  of  the  ear 
of  the  high  priest's  servant,  the  trial 
before  Pilate,  the  scourging,  the  bearing 
of  the  cross,  the  crucifixion,  the  descent 
from  the  cross,  the  entombment,  the 
descent  into  hell,  the  tradition  of  the  keys 
to  St.  Peter;  and  two  or  three  other  sub- 
jects, the  intention  of  which  was  not  per- 
fectly intelligible.  The  paintings  upon  this 
side  were  arranged  into  three  rows,  divided 
from  one  another  by  ornamental  borders ; 
the  first  series  occupying  the  spandrels  of 
the  arches  ;  the  next  filling  the  space  be- 
tween the  crown  of  the  arches  and  the 
clerestory;  and  the  third  placed  between 
the  windows  of  the  clerestory;  whilst 
the  splays  of  these  windows  themselves 
exhibited  single  figures,  with  their  names 
written  above.  On  one  of  them,  St. 
Matthias  was  visible;  and  on  another  St. 
Anne,  instructing  the  blessed  Virgin.  On 
the  north  side  of  the  church,  a  similar 
arrangement  was  not  to  be  found.  Be- 
ginning at  the  west  end  was,  first,  a  very 
fine  representation  of  St.  George  and  the 
Dragon,  occupying  the  whole  height  of 
the  wall,  from  the  spandrel  of  the  arch 
to  the  roof;  next  came  a  colossal  figure  of 
St.  Christopher ;  then,  on  a  smaller  scale, 
followed  Herod's  banquet,  and  the  pre- 
sentation of  St  John  Baptist's  head  to 
Herodias ;  and  above,  the  coronation  of 
the  blessed  Virgin :  beyond  these  were  the 
martyrdom  of  St.  Edmund,  and  above  it 
the  murder  of  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury. 
These  paintings  appear  generally  to  have 
been  executed  in  a  very  artistic  manner, 
and  seem  to  have  been  both  greater  in  ex- 
tent, and  in  a  more  perfect  state,  than  any 
which  have  recently  been  brought  to  light. 
They  had  been,  however,  much  injured 
during  the  removal  of  the  coating  which 
concealed  them,  and  mutilated  in  various 
places  by  monumental  slabs  having  been 
placed  upon  them.  They  had  been  drawn 
in  distemper  on  a  thick  coat  of  plaster| 


70 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Jan. 


laid  on  the  ashlar  walls.  Their  date  ap- 
peared to  be  coeval  with  the  clerestory  of 
the  church,  probably  about  the  year  1450. 
Traces  oC  paioting  qf  earlier  date  were, 
however,  ia  one  or  two  places  to  be  seen, 
particularly  upon  the  arches  on  the  north 
side,  which  are  of  Norman  character,  and 
of  perfectly  square  sections.  These  have 
had  their  soffits  ornamented  with  figures 
of  saints  on  either  side,  under  trefoil- 
headed  canopies,  immediately  above  the 
capitals  of  the  pillars,  and  the  crown  of 
the  arch  filled  in  with  a  flowing  pattern 
above.  Portions  of  ornamental  borders 
appeared  also  round  one  or  two  of  the 
arches.  The  whole  of  this  interesting  series 
of  paintings  has  been  again  covered  over 
by  the  orders  of  the  Archbishop. 

Mr.  Cook  exhibited  some  remains  which 
he  considered  to  be  Saxon,  recently  disco- 
vered in  Collicrgate,  York.  They  consisted 
of  two  earthenware  jugs  and  9  bronze 
figure,  which,  it  was  thought,  might  be  a 
representation  of  St.  Loy,  the  patron 
siunt  of  Smiths. 


aOMAN  ANTIQUITIB8  OF  COLOHBBTBIl. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith,  having  recently 
visited  Colchester,  has  addressed  a  letter 
to  the  Essex  Standard,  from  which  we 
make  the  following  extracts  : — 

"  When  I  was  last  at  Colchester  I  saw  a 
large  inscribed  stone  [found  on  the  site  of 
the  Roman  cemetery  at  West  Lodge]  which 
had  obviously  formed  part  of  the  face  of  a 
sepulchral  monument  of  considerable  di- 
mensions, such  as  we  have  found  frag- 
ments of  contiguous  to  the  site  of  the 
wall  of  Roman  London,  and  such  as  have 
been  discovered  more  plentifully  in  France 
and  in  other  parts  of  the  Continent.  To 
one  of  these  saperior  tombs  it  is  probable 
the  Sphinx  now  in  the  Hospital  [engraved 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magaxine  for  Feb. 
1822,  p.  107]  appertained.  This  is  the 
opinion  of  one  of  your  most  sealous  anti- 
qusries,  the  Rev.  H.  Jenkins,  and  I  quite 
agree  with  him.  So  late  as  last  July  I  saw 
a  figure  of  a  sphinx  in  stone  at  Lillebonne, 
on  the  Seine,  which  had  been  found  with 
many  other  sculptures,  chiefly  of  a  sepul- 
chral kind;  it  is,  however,  inferior  in 
workmanship  to  that  at  Colchester.  The 
stone  at  West  Lodge  induced  a  hope  tiiat 
others  would  be  found  to  complete,  at 
least,  the  inscription.  This  anticipation 
has  not  yet  been  realised.  The  recent  dis- 
coveries are  mostly  very  similar  to  those 
made  in  former  years.  There  is,  however, 
an  interesting  exception,  on  which  I  offer 
a  few  remarks.  It  is  that  of  an  urn  orna- 
mented with  figures,  over  some  of  which 
are  inscriptions. 

'*  This  urn  is  about  9  inches  in  height, 
and  about  6  inches  in  diameter  at  the 


mputh.  It  is  fiUed  with  burnt  human 
bones,  which  were  carefully  covered  with 
an  inverted  vessel  of  the  dass  known  to 
archaeologists  by  the  term  mortaria.  Seve- 
ral other  vessels  stood  around  the  urn.  Qn 
one  side  of  it  are  representations  of  stags, 
a  hare,  and  a  dog  in  chase.  The  other 
contains  two  different  groups,  one  of  which 
is  composed  of  two  men  and  a  bear  ;  the 
second  of  two  gladiators.  The  first  of 
these  is  evi4entiv  intended  to  represent  a 
sport  verv  closely  allied  to  the  modem 
pastime  or  dancing  bears.  The  chief  aptor 
in  the  scene  bears  a  concave  buckler  on 
his  left  arm,  and  holds  in  his  right  haad  a 
whip  with  a  long  thong,  which  falls  over 
the  head  of  the  animal,  the  distended  jaws 
of  which  and  up-turned  head  seem  to  show 
it  is  not  altogether  reconciled  to  its  situa- 
tion. The  other  of  the  keepers,  who  is 
almost  naked,  approaches  it  with  a  stick 
in  each  huod  to  render  assistance  to  his 
companion.  Over  the  head  of  the  man 
with   the    shield  and  whip  is  inscribed 

SBCVNDVS  MARIO. 

"  The  second  compartment  is  occupied  by 
a  scene  between  two  gladiators — a  secutor 
and  a  retiariut.  The  latter  has  been  van- 
quished ;  he  has  dropped  his  trident,  and  is 
in  the  attitude  of  imploring  mercy  of  the 
spectators.  The  former,  armed  with  an 
helmet,  oblong  shield,  and  a  sword,  is  ad- 
vancing upon  his  conquered  adversary  to 
strike  the  final  blow.  The  costume  of  the 
combatants  is  in  correct  keeping  with  the 
well-known  equipments  of  the  classes  of 
gladiators  to  which  they  belong ;  and  the 
details,  worked  with  as  much  care  as  the 
material  would  admit,  are  evidently  not 
wanting  in  fidelity.  On  the  line  of  the  head 
of  the  secutor  is  inscribed  memn.n.bac. 
vim. ;  the  first  word  of  which  may  be 
Mtmnitu  or  Memnon.  Should  the  letter 
A  be  an  error  for  b  (which  is  not  un- 
likely), there  can  be  no  difficulty  in  inter- 
preting the  N.BAC.  to  signify  that  this 
gladiator  belonged  to  the  numenu  or  band 
secutores;  and  the  numerals  may  be  sup- 
posed to  indicate  that  he  had  previously 
triumphed  nine  times.  The  defeated  com- 
batant bears  above  his  head  yalbntint. 
LB010NI8.XXX.-— FalM/mtM  qf  the  30M 
Legion, 

"  The  inscriptions  are  cut  with  the  point 
of  a  style,  or  some  sharp  instrument,  and 
•re  therefore  posterior  in  date  to  the  manu- 
facture of  the  urn.  They  would  seem  tp 
have  been  so  placed  by  the  owner,  w^ui 
nmy  merelv  have  humoured  his  fancy  11^ 
tl^ns  applying  the  names  of  some  popular 
persons  who  assisted  in  the  games  of  the 
theatre  of  the  town  where  he  resided.  That 
this  town  vras  Camulodunum  is  possible ; 
and  althoiurh  the  30th  Legion  was  quar- 
tered in  defrmany,  and  Hot  is  Bnt^in, 


1854.] 


Foreign  News* 


71 


Videiitinas  may  have  left  and  settled  in  the 
latternroTince. 

'*  The  urn  belongs  to  that  peculiar  kind 
of  pottery  which  we  know  for  certain  was 
manufactured  on  the  banks  of  the  Nen,  in 
Northamptonshire.  It  is  very  rarely  met 
with  decorated  with  human  figures,  or  with 
other  ornaments  than  foliage  and  animals; 
and  in  the  latter  case  its  manufacture  does 
not  appear  to  have  been  restricted  to  I3ri- 
tain,  as  it  has  been  found  in  abundance  in 
Fiandersy  and  t  have  also  seen  specimens 
in  France.  With  figures  of  men  and  deities 
1  have  as  yet  seen  no  examples  but  such 
as  have  been  found  in  England.  All  the 
ornaments  on  this  ware  appear  to  have 
beeh  laid  on  after  the  vessels  were  formed, 
in  what  is  technically  called  tUpy  the  ap- 
plication of  which  was  performed  with 
much  skill,  and,  considering  the  material 


atid  the  process,  the  figures  are  usually 
very  spirited  and  characteristic. 

"  May  I  venture,  Sir,  to  take  this  oppor- 
tunity of  calling  the  attention  of  the  Town 
Council  of  Colchester  to  the  general  state 
of  the  more  important  ancient  remains 
which  render  your  town  so  attractive  to 
the  antiquary  and  to  the  historian  ?  Some 
of  them, — for  instance,  the  Town  Walls 
and  the  Castle,  might  be  increased  in  in- 
terest by  excavations  judiciously  con- 
ducted. A  small  grant  of  money,  placed 
under  the  control  of  one  or  two  of  the 
many  active  and  intelligent  antiauaries 
of  the  locality,  could  but  be  productive  of 
discoveries,  which,  while  they  would  espe- 
cially gratify  the  archteologist}  would 
doubtless  be  advantageous  to  the  town  at 
large,  and  increase  its  prosperity.'' 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


The  war  between  Russia  and  Turkey  is 
cdtatinned  with  nndiminished  vigour,  but 
hithekto  with  uncertain  t^ults.  On  the 
30th  Nov.  a  Russian  fleet,  commanded  by 
Admiral  Nachimoff,  consisting  of  three 
ships  of  the  line,  four  frigates,  six  cor- 
vettes, and  six  armed  steamers,  having  the 
wind  in  their  favour,  suddenly  attacked 
seven  Turkish  firigates  and  two  steamers, 
anchored  in  the  roadstead  at  Sinope,  in 
Anatolia,  on  the  southern  shore  of  the 
Black  Sea.  This  place  was  inefficiently 
fortified,  and  a  battery  beside  the  dockyard 
could  not  be  brought  into  play,  the  Turkish 
vessels  lying  between  it  and  the  Russians. 
The  Turks  resisted  gallantly  the  unequal 
attack,  but  in  a  few  hours  their  fleet  was 
completely  destroyed,  with  the  exception 
of  one  steamer,  the  Taif,  which  Succeeded 
in  breaking  through  the  Russian  line  and 
escaped  to  Constantinople.  The  Russian 
ships  sustained  serious  damage,  but  it  is 
uncertain  whether  any  were  lost.  It  ap- 
pears that  out  of  4,500  men  forming  the 
crews  of  the  Turkish  vessels,  more  than 
2,800  perished  in  the  battle;  they  fired 
first,  and  are  said  to  have  behaved  with 
great  bravery — the  Russians  with  great 
cruelty.  The  town  was  bombarded,  and 
much  injured  by  fire. 

An  unsuccessful  attack  has  been  made 
by  the  Russians  on  the  fort  of  Matschin, 
opposite  Brailow,  near  the  mouth  of  the 


Danube.  The  Porte  has  requested  that 
the  combined  fleets  should  enter  the  Black 
Sea.  The  fleets  however,  at  the  time  of 
the  last  advices,  remained  in  the  Bospho- 
rus,  with  the  exception  of  two  vessels,  one 
French  and  one  English,  which  were 
despatched  to  Sinope  with  assistance  for 
the  wounded  and  to  obtain  intelligence 
respecting  the  engagement. 

The  Turks  advanced  early  in  November 
to  Alexandropol  in  Georgia.  Their  attack 
upon  that  fortress  was  repulsed  by  Prince 
Beboutoff  about  the  14th  of  that  month. 
They  next  took  the  town  of  Akal-Tsiche 
and  blockaded  its  citadeL  At  this  place 
they  were  attacked  on  the  26th  of  Novem- 
ber by  a  Russian  force,  under  Gen. 
Andronnikoff,  and  according  to  Russian 
accounts  are  said  to  have  been  totally  die- 
feated  with  the  loss  of  1000  men.  On  the 
17th  of  Nov.  the  Russians  were  repulsed 
in  an  attempt  to  land  18,000  men  near 
Fort  St  Nicholas  (or  Chevketil).  The 
Mussulman  population  of  Georgia  has 
joined  the  Turks  in  considerable  numbers. 
On  the  2nd  of  Dec.  Prince  Beboutoff 
gained  another  victory  over  the  Turks 
near  Kars  in  Georgia,  and  took  22 
guns.  In  the  Caucasus,  Schlamyl  has 
taken  several  Russian  fortresses,  and 
is  said  to  have  also  defeated  15,000 
Russians  nnder  Gen.  Orlianoff.  Russian 
influence  at  the  court  of   Teheran  has 


72 


Foreign  News. 


[Jan. 


indaced  Persia  to  declare  war  against 
'  Turkey  ;  and  the  British  minister  has> 
consequently,  withdrawn.  Persia  has  sent 
30,000  auxiliaries  to  assist  the  Russians 
in  Georgia,  who  are  to  be  placed  under 
the  command  of  Gen.  Yermoloff. 

Efforts  are  still  made  by  the  western 
powers  to  restore  peace.  By  a  joint  pro- 
tocol, signed  at  Vienna  on  the  5th  of 
December  by  the  representatives  of  Eng- 
land,  France,  Austria,  and  Prussia,  the 
four  powers  declare  their  unanimity  on 
the  subject  of  the  differences  between 
Russia  and  Turkey,  their  resolution  to 
maintain  the  existing  territorial  divisions 
of  Europe,  and  offer  their  mediation  be- 
tween the  contending  parties.  Little  hope, 
however,  seems  to  be  now  entertained  by 
any  persons  of  a  satisfactory  result  of 
their  exertions. 

Spain.—  A  conflict  between  the  Ministry 
and  the  Opposition  in  the  Spanish  Senate, 
on  the  railway  question,  has  terminated 
unfavourably  to  the  Cabinet.  On  the 
division  they  only  mustered  69  votes 
against  105.  The  consequence  is,  that 
the  Cortes  have  been  suspended,  no  period 
being  fixed  for  their  re-assembling,  which 
is  tantamount  to  a  dissolution. 

Two  duels  have  taken  place  in  Madrid, 
arising  out  of  a  joke  made  at  a  ball  at  the 
French  ambassador's,  by  the  Duke  of  Alba 
on  the  dress  of  Madame  Soul^,  the  wife 
of  the  American  minister  at  the  Spanish 
Court.  The  first  duel  was  fought  with 
small  swords  between  the  Duke  of  Alba 
and  Mr.  Soul6,  inn.  Mr.  Soul6  was 
wounded,  and  the  Duke,  with  the  point  of 
his  sword  to  his  breast,  forced  him  to 
retract  The  principals  in  the  second 
duel  were  M.  de  Turgot,  French  ambas- 
sador, and  Mr.  SouU.  One  of  the  seconds 
of  the  former  was  Lord  Howden.  The 
duel  took  place  on  the  17th,  with  pistols, 
at  Chamartin,  a  league  from  Madrid.  On 
the  second  fire,  M.  de  Turgot  was  shot 
through  the  leg,  near  the  knee.  Mr. 
Soul6  was  not  wounded. 

United  8iale9.— The  President's  Mes- 
sage,  among  other  matters,  announces  that 
the  negotiations  with  Great  Britain  on  the 
subject  of  the  fisheries  are  progressing ; 
that  a  new  arrangement  is  likely  to  be 
made  between  the  two  Governments  with 
respect  to  Central  America ;  that  a  treaty 
of  commerce  is  being  negotiated  with 
France ;  and  that  the  authorities  will  pre- 
vent any  expedition  against  the  Spanish 
colonies.  The  excess  in  the  treasury 
amounts  to  thirty-two  million  dollars,  and 
modifications  of  the  tariff  are  proposed 
with  the  view  of  bringing  down  the  reve- 
nue to  the  requirements  of  the  State. 

A  party  of  Adventurers  have  invaded 
Lower  California,    On  the  3rd  of  Nov. 
9 


a  party  of  45  men  in  a  small  vessel,  under 
a  Col.  Walker,  anchored  opposite  the 
town  of  La  FiOfP^  In  less  than  half  an  hour 
a  party  had  landed,  secured  the  person  of 
the  Mexican  Governor  Espiruosa,  hauled 
down  the  Mexican  flag,  and  proclaimed 
the  independence  of  the  Republic  of  Lower 
California.  On  the  6th  of  Nov.  some  of 
the  adventurers  were  fired  upon  by  the 
citizens.  This  brought  on  a  general  fight, 
in  which  the  inhabitants  lost  six  or  seven 
men,  and  their  opponents  not  one.  A 
government  has  been  formed  with  Col. 
Walker  at  its  head  as  President.  The 
seat  of  government  is  proposed  to  be 
established  at  Magdalena  Bay. 

India. — The  latest  accounts  from  Bur- 
mah  are  of  a  more  satisfactory  nature. 
Pegu  is  tranquil,  and  most  of  the  bands  of 
robbers  which  infested  that  country  have 
been  put  down.  Famine,  no  longer  pre- 
vails. 

Cape  of  Oood  Hope. — Her  Majesty 
has  been  pleased  to  re-constitute  the  bi- 
shopric of  Cape  Town,  and  to  direct  that 
the  same  shall  comprise  the  western  dis- 
tricts of  the  colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  and  also  the  Island  of  St.  Helena, 
and  be  called  *'  The  Bishopric  of  Cape 
Town.'*  The  eastern  districts  of  the  Cape 
colony  and  the  territories  called  British 
Caffraria  are  to  be  a  diocese,  called  "  The 
Bishopric  of  Graham's  Town ;"  and  so 
much  of  the  present  diocese  of  Cape 
Town  as  comprises  the  district  of  Natal  is 
to  be  a  third  diocese,  to  be  called  *'  The 
Bishopric  of  Natal.*'  Her  Majesty  has 
further  appointed  that  the  Bishops  of 
Graham*s  Town  and  of  Natal  shall  be 
suffragan  bishops  to  the  Bishop  of  Cape 
Town.  The  Rev.  John  Armstrong,  D.D., 
is  the  first  Bishop  of  Graham's  Town,  and 
the  Rev.  John  William  Colenso,  D.D., 
the  first  Bishop  of  Natal ;  Dr.  Gray,  ap- 
pointed in  1847»  continuing  Bishop  of 
Cape  Town. 

Van  Diemen'*8  Land  rejoices  in  the 
abolition  of  transportation,  which  has  been 
celebrated  by  festivities  all  over  the  island. 
This  colony  is  represented  as  being  very 
prosperous  and  having  plenty  of  capital  to 
employ  a  large  additional  stock  of  labour, 
if  it  can  be  obtained. 

Auatralia.—The  following  extraordi- 
nary intelligence  has  been  received  from 
Hobart  Town :  —  "  September  8,  1853. 
A  great  discovery  has  again  been  made  on 
the  Geelong  side,  about  fifty-six  miles 
from  the  town.  They  have  been  digging 
very  deep,  and  have  come  on  a  table  of 
gold  about  100  feet  from  the  surface, 
apparently  inexhaustible.  Every  tubful 
of  earth  they  raise  from  these  holes  con- 
tains pounds  weight  of  gold ;  1 8,000  ounces 
have  been  taken  out  in  three  days  by  a 


1854.] 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


73 


few  persons y  and  one  person  has  got  a 
lump  weighing  190  pounds  in  one  solid 
piece.  At  Geelong  a  tumult  has  broken 
out  among  the  diggers.  The  Government 
has  sent  up  all  the  military  to  quell  the 
disturbances,    and    the  marines  of  Her 


Majesty *s  ship  Electra  are  mounting  guard 
at  the  Treasury,  and  the  sailors  of  the 
above  steamer  of  war  mount  sentry  at  the 
banks.  The  military  from  Van  Diemen's 
Land  are  about  to  be  despatched  to  Mel- 
bourne to  aid  the  military  already  there 


n 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


On  the  15th  Dec.  the  nation  was  sur- 
prised by  the  intelligence  that  Lord  Vis- 
count Palmerston  had  thought  proper  to 
resign  the  seals  of  the  Home  Department. 
His  resignation  was  attributed  by  the 
Times  and  Morning  Chronicle  to  his  non- 
accordance  in  the  measure  of  Parliamen- 
tary Reform  prepared  by  the  Cabinet; 
but  opponents  of  the  Ministry  were  more 
inclined  to  attribute  it  to  his  dissatisfac- 
tion with  the  present  state  of  our  foreign 
policy,  or  to  personal  difference  with  Lord 
John  Russell.  However,  on  the  26th,  it 
was  announced  that  his  Lordship  had  been 
induced  to  resume  his  former  position  in 
office. 

Intramural  Interment. — ^The  following 
are  the  results  of  the  movement  for  ter- 
minating the  practice  of  burying  in 
London: — 1.  Nearly  every  vault  under 
churches  and  chapels  has  been  or  is 
under  order  for  closing.  2.  Burials  have 
been  prohibited  within  every  church  and 
chapel  where  they  are  known  to  have 
taken  place.  3.  181  burial-grounds  have 
been  closed,  or  are  under  order  for  closing 
immediately.  4.  61  burial-grounds  are 
under  notice  or  order  for  closing  within  a 
limited  period,  almost  all  within  a  few 
months.  5.  16  burial-grounds  are  partially 
closed,  all  the  interments,  except  those  in 
private  vaults  and  graves,  being  prohibited. 
6.  13  burial-grounds  are  closed  under 
conditions  for  the  protection  of  the  public 
health.  Lastly.  Nearly  all  the  remaining 
grounds  within  the  metropolitan  districts 
are  now  under  inquiry.  The  regulations  to 
be  observed  in  the  new  burial-grounds  to 
be  established  under  the  Metropolitan  Act 
weie  issued  by  the  Home  Secretary  on  the 
14th.  Only  one  body  is  to  be  buried  in  a 
grave  (except  purchased  vaults  and  graves), 
but  after  a  period  of  from  10  to  24  years, 
according  to  the  age  of  the  person,  another 
interment  will  be  permitted.  The  ceme- 
teries are  to  surrounded  by  plantations  of 
shrubs  10  yards  in  width,  in  which  no  in- 
terments vrill  be  allowed.  Provision  is 
also  made  for  proper  drainage,  roads, 
pathways,  bcc. 

The  strikes  in  the  manufacturing  towns 
of  Lancashire  still  continue.    On  Monday, 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLL 


Dec.  19,  the  factory  owners  at  Wigan 
threw  open  their  mills  for  such  of  the 
operatives  as  would  return  at  old  prices, 
and  1 ,000,  or  about  a  sixth  of  the  whole, 
availed  themselves  of  the  opportunity. 
Many  more  would  probably  have  returned 
to  work,  but  trades'  delegates,  attended 
by  a  large  crowd,  were  in  the  streets  at  an 
early  hour  in  the  morning,  to  intercept, 
persuade,  and  intimidate  all  they  could 
out  of  going  to  work.  The  system  of  in- 
timidation does  not  apply  to  those  alone 
who  go  to  work  at  old  prices,  but  in  other 
towns  it  applies  to  persons  refusing  or 
neglecting  to  subscribe  funds  to  the  Preston 
and  other  strikes.  At  Stockport,  on  Mon- 
day, and  at  Ashton  on  the  same  day,  men 
were  brought  before  the  magistrates  for 
acts  of  intimidation,  and  it  is  to  be  feared 
that  a  wide-spread  system  of  tyranny  pre- 
vails throughout  the  whole  manufacturing 
districts  to  extort  money  from  the  opera- 
tives in  work  at  the  mills  to  support  those 
out  of  employment  through  the  strikes. 
The  state  of  things  at  Preston  remains  un- 
changed. Lord  Palmerston  has  replied  to 
a  request  of  government  interference  on 
behalf  of  the  workpeople  on  strike  by  a 
very  able  letter  which  appeared  in  the 
Times  of  Dec.  S7,  in  which  he  points  out 
the  impossibility  of  controlling  the  natural 
laws  which  regulate  the  remuneration  of 
labour,  and  the  injurious  consequences  that 
are  likely  to  result  to  all  classes  connected 
with  the  manufacturing  interests  of  this 
country  from  the  present  disputes. 

A  conference  on  the  subject  of  the  re- 
formation of  juvenile  criminals  was  held 
at  Birmingham  on  the  20th.  Sir  J.  Pak- 
ington  was  in  the  chair.  Addresses  were 
delivered  by  the  Earl  of  Shaftesbury  and 
Mr.  Adderley,  M.P.,  and  resolutions  passed 
in  favour  of  the  legislative  establishment 
of  reformatory  schools.  In  the  evening 
another  meeting  took  place  at  the  Town 
Hall,  at  which  Lord  Shaftesbury  presided 
and  spoke  at  great  length.  Sir  J.  Paking- 
ton,  Mr.  Adderley,  and  the  Rev.  J.  Clay 
also  addressed  the  meeting,  which  con«> 
sisted  of  above  3000  persons.  Petitions 
were  adopted  to  both  houses  of  Parlia- 
ment* 

L 


74 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS.  &c. 


Gazbttb  Prbfermbnts. 

Nov.  2.  Frederick  Glennie,  esq.  to  be  Ck)n- 
sul  at  Mexico. 

Nov.  15.  William  Thomas  Napier  Champ, 
esq.  to  be  Colonial  Secretary  for  V'an  Diemen^s 
Land.— Thomas  Birley,  6sq.  to  be  First  Writer 
in  the  office  of  the  Colonial  Secretary  for  the 
settlements  in  the  Gambia.— Rear- Adm.  Hous- 
ton Stewart.  C.B.  to  be  a  Member  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  Government  of  Malta.— Edward  Joseph 
Darley,  esq.  to  be  a  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  of  Ceylon.— Georgre  Price,  esq.  to  be  a 
Member  of  the  Council  of  Jamaica.— Charles 
Girdlestone,  esq.  to  be  a  Member  of  the  Council 
of  the  Virgin  Islands.- John  Work,  eso.  to  be 
a  Member  of  the  Council  of  Vancouver's  Island. 
—Ernest  Baudot,  esq.  to  be  a  Member  of  the 
Council  of  Government  in  Mauritius  during 
the  temporary  absence  of  Wm.  Forster,  esq. 

Nov.  16.  James  Ilannen,  esq.  to  be  wnt 
on  the  part  of  Great  Britain  in  the  Mixed  Com- 
mission established  under  the  convention, 
Feb.  8,  1853,  between  Her  Majesty  and  the 
United  States  of  America,  for  tne  settlement 
of  outstanding  claims. 

Nov.  23.  Tiie  Hon.  George  8.  Stafford-Jer- 
ningham  (now  Secretary  of  Embassy  at  Paris) 
to  be  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Ple- 
nipotentiary to  the  Kingof  Sweden  and  Norway. 

Nov.  25.  Knighted,  Oipt.  Stephen  Bartlett 
Lakeman,  late  Commander  of  Lakeman's 
Waterkloof  Rangers. 

Nov.  26.  William  Lonsdale,  esq.  to  be  Colo- 
nial Treasurer  for  the  colony  of  Victoria.— 
Edward  Stephens,  esq.  to  be  a  Member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  of  the  colony  of  South 
Australia.— Henry  Cadogan  Rothery,  esq.  M.A. 
(Registrar  of  the  High  Court  of  Admiralty),  to 
be  Registrar  of  Her  M.niesty  in  Ecclesiastical 
and  Maritime  Causes,  vice  Swabey,  resigned. 

Nov.  28.  David  Mure,  esq.  advocate,  to  be 
Sheriff  of  Perthshire,  vice  James  Crauford, 
esq.  Her  Maiesty's  Solicitor-Gen.  for  Scotland. 

Nov.  39-  The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  John  Romilly, 
Master  of  the  Rolls,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  John 
Jervis,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas, 
the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Ryan,  Charles  Hay 
Cameron,  esq.,  John  M'Pherson  M'Leod,  esq., 
John  Abraham  Francis  Hawkins,  esq.,  Thomas 
Flower  Ellis,  esq.,  and  Robert  Lowe,  esq.,  to 
be  Commissioners  in  England,  to  examine  and 
consider  the  reform  of  the  Judicial  Establish- 
ments, Judicial  Procedure,  and  Laws  of  India. 

Nov,  30.  The  Hon.  Henry  George  Howard 
(now  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Vienna)  to  be 
Secretary  of  Embassy  at  Paris. 

East  Kent  Yeomanry  Cavalrv,  Major  William 
Deedes  to  be  Lieut.-Colonei  Commandant ; 
Capt.  Sir  Edw.  C.  Uering,  Bart,  to  be  Major. 

Dec.  2.  I3th  Foot,  Sureeon  Thomas  D*Arcy, 
M.D.,  from  80th  Foot,  to  be  Surgeon,  vice  Sur- 
geon R.  R.  Dowse,  who  exchanges.— 5Sd  Foot. 
Capt.  John  M'Neill  Walter  to  be  M^or. 

Dec.  6.  Rear-Adm.  Sir  William  Edward 
Parry,  Knt.  to  be  Ueut.-Govemor  of  Green- 
wich Hospital.— Capt.  Sir  Charles  Hothan, 
R.N.,  K.C.B.  to  be  Ueut.-Govemor  of  the 
colony  of  Victoria. 

Dee.  7.  Hercules  James  Robertson,  esq. 
advocate,  to  be  one  of  the  Lords  of  B«Mlon  in 
Scotland.— Royal  Engineers,  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir 
Charles  W.  Pasley,  K.C.B.  to  be  Colonel-Com- 
mandant. 

Dee.  8.  Robert  Campbell,  esq.  (now  Consul 
at  Dunkirk)  to  be  Consul  at  Rhodes  and  the 
other  Turkish  Islands  in  the  Archipelago.— 


Niven  Kerr,  esq.  (now  Consul  at  Rhodes)  to  be 
Consul  at  Dunkirk. 

Dec.  9.  Migor-Gen.  Henry  Godwin,  C.B., 
Brig.-Gen.  Scudamore  Winde  Steel,  C.B.,  of 
the  Madras  Army,  and  Ck)mmodore  George 
Robert  Lambert.  R.N.,  to  be  Knights  Com- 
manders of  the  Bath :  and  Lieut.-Col.  Edward 
Alan  Holdich,  80th  Foot,  Capt.  John  Walter 
Tarleton,  R.N.,  and  Capt.  Charles  Fred.  Shad- 
well,  R.N.,  to  be  O)mpanions  of  the  said 
Order;  Lieut.-Col.  James Colley Tudor,  Bengal 
Fusiliers,  Lieut.-Col.  Hugh  Fraser,  Bengal 
Engineers,  and  Capt.  Henry  Blosse  Lynch,  of 
the  Indian  Navy,  to  be  extra  Companions  of 
the  same.- Lieut.*Ck)lonel  Archibald  Bogle,  of 
the  Bengal  Establishment,  Civil  Commissioner 
in  the  Tenasserim  and  Martaban  Provinces, 
knighted  by  patent.— 30th  Foot,  Major-Gen. 
Henry  Godwin,  C.B.  to  be  Colonel.— Brevet, 
Ck>l.  Sir  John  Cbeape,  K.C.B.,  of  the  Hon.  East 
India  Company's  Service,  to  be  an  Honorary 
Aide-de-Camp  to  Her  Majesty.— To  be  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonels in  the  Army:  Mi^oi^  Francis 
Wigston,  18th  Foot.  A.C.Brrington,51st  Foot, 
C.  A.  Edwards,  18th  Foot,  and  A.  T.  Rice,  51st 
Foot.— To  be  Majors  in  the  Army :  Capt.  A.  N. 
Campbell,  18th  Foot,  and  Capt.  W.  T.  Bruce, 
18th  Foot.— To  be  Lieut. -Colonels  in  the  Army 
in  the  East  indies:  Majors  Joseph  Tnrton, 
Bengal  Art.,  John  Welchman,  lOtb  Bengal 
N.  Inf.,  William  Hill,  1st  Madras  Fusiliers, 
J.  G.  Neill,  1st  Madras  Fusiliers.  J.  C.  Boul- 
derson,  85th  Madras  N.  Inf.,  Hugh  Fraser. 
Bengal  Eng.,  G-  C  Armstrom^,  47th  Bengal 
N.  Inf.,  Henry  Cotton,  67th  Bengal  N.  Inf., 
and  C.  S.  Reid,  Bengal  Art.— To  be  Majors  in 
the  Army  in  the  East  Indies :  Captains  W.  A.  J. 
Mayhew,  8th  Bengal  N.  Inf.,  S.  G.  C.  Renaud, 
1st  .Madras  Fusiliers.  Grant  Allan,  Sd  Madras 
N.  Inf.,  A.  R.  Dallas,  1st  Madras  N.  Inf., 
W.  F.  Nuthall,  I8th  Bengal  N.  Inf.,  and  Albert 
Fytclie,  70th  Bengal  N.  Inf. 

Dee.  IS.  Ck)ld8tream  Foot  Guards,  Lieut, 
and  Capt.  William  Mark  Wood  to  be  Capt.  and 
Lieut.-Colonel,  vice  Paffet. — 48th  Foot,  Lieut.- 
Col.  Ifenrv  McM anus.  Inspecting  Field  Officer 
of  the  Militia  in  the  Ionian  Islands,  to  be 
Lieut.-Cktionel.  Hc0  brevet  Col.  Hon.  A.  Dal- 
xell.  who  exchanges;  Mi^or  Benjamin  Riky 
to  be  Lieut. -Colonel,  rice  Mc.Manus;  Capt. 
Andrew  Green  to  be  Major. 

Dec.  13.  William  Brande  Pollard,  esq.  to  be 
Financial  Accountant  for  British  Guiana. 

Dee.  16.  Major-Gen.  the  Hon.  Sir  George 
Cathcart,  K.C.B.  (now serving  asa  Lieut.-Gen. 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,)  to  be  At^utant- 

Sineral  to  the  Forces,  vice  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir 
eorge  Brown,  K.C.B.  resigned.— 27th  Foot, 
Lieut.-Col.  Edward  St.  Maur.  from  51st  Foot, 
to  be  Lieut. -Colonel.— 80th  Foot,  Maior  W.  F. 
Uoey  to  be  Ueut.-Ck>lonel :  Capt.  J.  B.  Pa- 
tuUo  to  be  Mi^or.— 46th  Foot,  Capt.  David 
FyfTe  to  be  Mi^or. 

Mr.  Temple,  Mr.  Edward  James,  Mr.  Grove, 
and  Mr.  Montague  Smith,  all  of  the  common 
law  bar,  appointed  Qoeen's  Counsel. 

To  be  a  Committee  appointed  to  inquire  into 
the  establishment  of  the  Post  Office:  Lord 
RIcho.  M.P.,  one  of  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury ; 
Sir  SUIford  Nortbcote,  Bart. ;  Sir  Charies  Tre- 
velyan,  K.C.B.,  Assistant  Secretary  to  the 
Treasury ;  and  E.  A.  Hoffy.  esq.,  Inspector  of 
Naval  and  Military  Accounts  at  tne  Audit 
Office. 

W.  P.  Adam,  eiq.,  of  Blair  Adam,  to  be  Secre- 


1854.] 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments,^^Births. 


75 


tary  to  Lord  Blphinstone,  the  newly-appointed 
Governor  of  Bombay. 

John  J.  Dyer,  esq.  to  be  Chief  Clerk  of  the 
Admiralty. 

Joseph  Rolls,  esq.  to  be  Surveyor-General  of 
Customs  in  the  Port  of  London. 


Memhert  reimmed  to  serve  in  Parliament, 

Clcnmel.—John  0*ConneIl,  esq. 
Wmnrickth.  r^J— Evelyn  Philip  Shirley,  esq. 


Naval  Promotions. 

Dee.  5.  Capt.  the  Hon.  Montana  Stopford 
to  be  Rear- Admiral  of  the  Blue.— Retired  Capt. 
William  Hotham,  K.H.  to  be  retired  Rear- 
Admiral  on  the  terms  proposed  Ist  Sept.  1846. 

Rear-Adm.  Arthar  Fanshawe,  CB.  Super- 
intendent of  Portsmouth  Dockyard,  to  succeed 
Sir  George  Seymour.  K.CB.  in  the  Command- 
in-Chief  in  the  West  Indies.  — Rear-Adm. 
WiUiam  Fanshawe  Martin  to  succeed  his  uncle 
Rear-Adm.  Fanshawe  as  Superintendent  of 
Portamooth  Dockyard. 


Ecclesiastical  P&BFeaMBNTs. 

Rev.  W.  Atkinson,  (R.  of  Gateshead  Fell), 

Hon.  Canonry  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of 

Durham. 
Rev.  W.  F.  Kaye,  Hon.  Canonry  in  the  Cathe- 
dral Church  of  Lincoln. 
Rev.  W.  Procter  (P.a  of  Doddingfton),  Hon. 

Canonry  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Durham. 
Rev.  W.  Sberrard,  Prebend  and  Rectory  of 

Inniskenny.  dio.  Cork. 
Rev.  W.  C  Williamson,  Chancellorship  of  the 

Cathedral  Church  of  Cloyne. 
Rev.  H.  Alford,  Quebec  Chapel,  Marylebone. 
Rev.  C  A.  Alington,  Burwell  R.  w.  Walmsg^te 

C.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  F.  Bachelor,  Calstock  R.  Cornwall. 
Rev.  J.  Bartlett,  St.  Blazey  V.  Cornwall. 
Rev.  F.  H.  Bishop,  Grazelev  P.C.  Berks. 
Rev.  B.  Brumell,  Holt  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  S.  Churchill,  Boufhton  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  E.  M.  Clissold,  Wrentbam  R-  Suffolk. 
Rev.  J.  ConoUy,  Holy  Trinity  (or  ChristChurch) 

P.C.  Cork. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Croft,  Timberscombe  V.  Somerset. 
Rev-  J.  Da  vies,  Smallwood  P.C.  Cheshire. 
Rev.  T.  Davies,  Uanychaeron  P.C.  and  Dilhe- 

wyd  P.C.  Cardiganshire. 
Rev.  T.  H.  F.  P.  Davies,  Christ  Church  P.C. 

Ramsgate,  Kent. 
Rev.  W.  Dawson,  St.  John  the  Evangelist  P.C. 

Moor-Allerton,  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  J.  C.  D'Bvelyn,  East  Dean  P.C.  Hants. 
Rev.  C.  W.  Dew,  Evening  Lectureship  of  St. 

Cutbbert,  Carlisle. 
Rev.  N.  C.  Dunscombe,  St.  Nicholas  R.  and 

the  Chancellorship  of  the  Cathedral,  Cork. 
Rev.  T.  B.  Espin,  Hadleigh  R.  Essex. 
Rev.  H.  E.  Ffblkes,  Hillington  R.  (by  Castle- 

Ridinff)  Norfolk. 
Rev.  J.  Ford'Somerton  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  R.  E.  Formby,  Uythe  P.C.  Kent. 
Rev.  J.  S.  Gilmore,  Carrogh  R.  and  V.  dio. 

KUdare. 
Rev.  J.  C  Glaves,  Stonton-Wyville  R.  Leic. 
Rev.  T.  Gloster,  (^uivvy  P.C.  dio.  Kilmore. 
Rev.  F.  R.  Gorton,  Gunthorpe  C.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  J.  Grant,  Temple  Michael  de  Duagb  R. 

dio.  Cork. 
Rev.  R.  P.  Greaves,  St.  Peter  P.C.  Oldham 

Road,  Manchester  (New  Church). 
Hon.  and  Rev.  A.  A.  B.  Hanbury,  Shobdon  R. 

Herefordshire. 
Rev.  W.  Herbert,  Llanycrwys  P.C.  Carmar- 
thenshire. 


Rev.  S.  Hosegood,  Wayford  R.  Somerset. 
Rev.  C.  £.  Hosken,  Luxulian  V.  (Cornwall. 
Rev.  H.  S.  M.  Hubert,  Santon  House  R-  Norf. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Hull,  North  Muskham  V.  w.  Holme 

V.  Notts. 
Rev.A.E.Hulton,Ivej;ill,orHigb^adP.C.Cumb. 
Rev.  R.  P.  Mate,  Wimeswould  V.  Leic. 
Rev.  A.  Matthews,  Gumley  R.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Maxfield,  Norwell  V.  w.  (}arUon- 

on-Trent  C.  Notts. 
Rev.  T.  Miles,  Tough  R.  and  V.  dio.  Emly. 
Rev.  W.  T.  Newenham,  St.  John  P.C.  West 

Derby,  Lancashire. 
Rev.  W.  A.  Ormsby,  Smallburgh  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  6.  Phillips,  Penmorva  R.  w.  Ddlbenmaen 

C.  Carnarvonshire. 
Rev.  W.  J.  Pinwill,  Horley  V.  w.  Hornton  V. 

Oxfordshire. 
Rev.  E.  R.  Pitman,  Pipe-Ridware  P.C.  Staff. 
Rev.  T<  Rees,  Rumney  V.  Monmouthshire. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Ridout,  Bourn  V.  Cambridgeshire. 
Rev.  T.  Saulex,  All  Saints'  P.C.  Islington. 
Rev.  W.  Sayors,  St.  Paul  P.C.  Castlewellan, 

dio.  Down. 
Rev.  F.  T.  Scott,  Sibertswold  V.  w.  Coldred  V. 

Kent. 
Rev.  Q.  W.  Spooner,  St.  Mary  P.C.  Tuastall, 

Staflbrdshire. 
Rev.  M.  W.  F.  St.  John,  Frampton-upon-Sevem 

v.  Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  L.  Thomas,  Merthyr-Mawr  P.C.  Glam. 
Rev.  J.  T.  Walters,  Stradishall  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  A.  M.  Wilson,  Ainstable  V.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  B.  Wright,  Flockton  P.C.  Yorkshire. 

To  Chaplaincies, 

Rev.  A.  Browne,  H.M.S.  Arrogant. 

Rev.  J.  J.Cort,  St.  Michaers  Church,  in  the 

Cemetery,  Birmingham. 
Rev.  S.  V.  Edwards,  to  the  Central  London 

District    School,   Westow   Hill,  Norwood, 

Surrey. 
Rev.  F.  J.  M.  Evans,  H.M.S.  Boscawen. 
Rev.  J.  Gumey,  H.M.S.  Cressy. 
Rev.  C.  Hare,  to  the  Bishop  of  Limerick. 
Rev.  J.  J.  Harrison,  H.M.S.  Leopard. 
Rev.  J.  Rigaud,  Servants,  Magdalene  College, 

Oxford. 
Rev.  J.  Wjghtwick,  the  Union  Workhouse, 

Penrith,  Cumberland. 

Collegiaie  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 

Rev.  E.  B.  Chalmer,  jun.  (Senior  Curate  of 
Tintwistle),  Association  Secretary  for  the 
Northern  District  to  the  Colonial  Church  and 
School  Society. 

G.  W.  Dasent,  M.A.  Professorship  of  English 
Literature  and  Modern  History,  King's 
College,  London. 

Rev.  A.  McCaul,  D.D.  Professorship  of  Eccle- 
siastical History,  Kind's  College,  Loudon. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  L.  Neville,  Mastership  of  St. 
Mary  Magdalene  College,  Cambridge. 

Rev.  W.  B.  Smith,  Head-Mastership  of  the 
City  of  London  Freemen's  Orphan  School. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Swainson,  Principal  of  the  Theo- 
logical College,  Chichester. 

Rev.  R.  Whittington,  Assistant-Mastership, 
Merchant  Taylors'  School,  London. 


BIRTHS. 

Oct .  9.    At  Muree,  Punjab,  the  wife  of  Lieut.- 

Col.  Wellesley,  H.M.'s  lOth  Kegt.  a  dau. 

26.  At  Havannah,  Mrs.  George  Canning  Back- 
house,   a   son. 39.    At  Fourah-bay,  West 

Africa,  the  wife  of  the  Bishop  of  Sierra  Leone, 
a  dau. 

Nov.  10.  At  the  Deanery,  Windsor,  the  wife 
of  Ralph  Neville,  esq.  a  dan. 11.  At  Charl- 
ton Barrow,  Dorset,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  J. 
Dillon  Browne,  a  dau.— 19.    At  Hawswell 


76 


Marriages, 


[Jan. 


ball,  the  wife  of  Mtjor  Wade,  C.B.  a  son. 

At  Edinburgh,  Lady  Alicia  Hay,  a  (posthu- 
mous) son. ai.    At  East  hall,   Middleton 

Tyas,  tbe  Hon.  Mrs.  A mias  Charles Orde  Pow- 

lett,  a  dau. At  Kilkenny,  the  wife  of  the 

Bishop  of  Ossory,  a  son. 33.    At  Brighton, 

the  wife  of  Comin.  the  Hon.  Mark  Kerr,  RN. 

a  dau. At  Gracedieu  manor,  Leic.  the  wife 

of  Ambrose  Lisle  Pliillipps,  esq.  a  son. 

24.    At  Chorley  wood,  Herts,  tbe  wife  of  Wm. 

Longman,  esq.  a  dau. 26.    At  Barnes,  the 

wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Grove,  a  son. 27.    At 

Hollybank,  Hants,  the  wife  of  Major  R.  M. 

Mundy,  a  dau. 28.  At  the  Rectory,  Welwyn, 

Herts,  Lady  Boothby,  a  dau. At  Fornhnm 

ball,  near  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Lady  Manners, 
a  dau. 29.  At  Manchester,  Mrs.  R.  Glad- 
atone,  a  son. At  Hyde  park  gardens,  tbe 

Hon.  Mrs.  Arthur  Kinnaird,  a  dau. 
Dee.  2.    At  Grosvenor-sq.  the  wife  ot  William 

Brougham,  esq.  a  son. At  Neasham  ball, 

Darlington,  the  wife  of  James  Ck)okson,  esq.  a 

Bon. 4.    The  wife  of  John  Bourne,  esq.  of 

Hilderstone   hall,   Staffordshire,  a    dau. 

5.    The  Viscountess  Cranley,  a  dau. 7.    In 

St.  James's  sq.  the  wife  of  the  Re?.  George 

T.  Blomfield^  a  son. 8.    At  Canon  Froome 

Court,  the  wife  of  Charles  Guy  Trafford,  esq.  a 

■on. At  Walwyns  castle.  Pemb.  the  wife  of 

W.  F.  Synge,  esq.  a  son. At  Methven  castle, 

tbe  wife  of  Wm.  Smythe,  esq.  of  Methven,  a 

■on. 10.    At  Upper  Grosvenor  St.  London, 

Lady  Buxton,  a  dau. At  Edinburgh,  the 

wife  of  F.  L.  S.  Wedderburn,  esq   of  Wedder- 

burn  and  Birkbill,  a  dau. At  Wimbledon, 

the  wife  oi  George  F.  Pollock,  esq.  a  dau. 

At  Frickley  hall,  near  Doncaster,  the  wife  of 
W.  Aldam.  iun.  esq.  a  son. II.  At  Brigh- 
ton,  the  Viscountess   Downe,  a  son. In 

Orosrenor-pl.  the  wife  of  R.  B.  Sheridan,  esq. 

M.P.  a  son. 12.    At  Kiikea  castle,  co.  Kil- 

dare,  the  Marchioness  of  Kildare,  a  dau. 

At  Bottesham  hall,  Camb.  the  wife  of  John 

Dunn  Gardner,  esq.  a  son. 13.    At  Calde- 

cote  hall,  Warw.  the  wife  of  Kirkby  Fenton, 

esq.  a  dau. At  Chawton  house,  Hants,  the 

wife  of  Edw.  Knight,  esq.  a  dau. 14.    At 

Asfordby  grange,  Leic.  the  wife  of  Capt.  Ches- 
lyn,  a  son. — 18.    In  St.  James's  sq.  Lady 

Alfred  Harvey,  a  dau. In  Stamford  st.  the 

wife  ot  Thos.  Somers  Cocks,  iun.  esq.  M.P.  a 

dau. At  Torquay,    the  wife   of  Sir  Paul 

Hunter,  Bart,  a  son  and  heir. 


MARRIAGES. 

July  7.  At  Richmond.  Australia,  Septimus, 
younger  son  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  William  Mar- 
tin, Rector  of  Keston,  Kent,  to  Alice-Mackillop, 
youngest  dau.  of  James  Smith,  esq.  J.P.  Mel- 
bourne. 

Aug.  24.  At  Mussoorie,  E.I.  Julius  James 
Greene,  esq.  36th  Kegt.  BN.I.  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  Cecil  Greene.  M.A.  Rector  of 
Fishbourne,  Sussex,  to  Eleanor-Hope,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  W.  H.  Hall,  6tb  Bengal 
Light  Cav. 

Sept.\.  At  Pesbawnr,  Henry  Afelvill,esq. 
7th  Bengal  Li^:ht  Cav.  to  Elizabeth,  youngest 
dau.  of  C.  S.   Curling,  esq.  Superintending 

Surgeon,  PeshawurDivision. AtCapeTown, 

Robert  Kindereievt  esq.  Madras  Civil  Service, 
to  Emma,  third  dau.  of  tbe  Hon.  Ewan  Chris- 
tian, of  Cape  Town. 

12.  At  Nynee  Tal,  E.I.  Jocelyn  Pickard 
Cambridae,  Lieut.  2nd  Grenadiers,  third  son 
of  tbe  Rev.  G-  P.  Cambridge,  of  Blox worth, 
Dorset,  to  Adelina-Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Capt.  J.  C.  Lumsdaine,  58th  B.N.I,  and 
nranddau.  of  Lieut-Gen.  Sir  William  Richards, 

15.    Geo.  Sherman  Nunn,  eaq.  Royal  County 


Down  Regt.  eldest  son  of  tbe  late  Capt.  Nunn, 
to  Helen,  third  dau.  of  Lieut-Col.  Aplin,  86th 

Regt. At  Poona,  Ingram  Francis  vhapman. 

esq.  Quartermaster  and  Interpreter  of  the  3d 
Bombay  Native  Inf.  to  Louisa,  youngest  dau. 
of  Col.  Aplin,  commanding  H.M.'s  86th  Regt. 

At  Kurracbce,  Scinde,  W.  L.  Merevetker, 

esq.  second  in  command  ot  1st  Scinde  Irre- 
gular Horse,  to  Harriet,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  J.  Dale,  esq.  of  Coleshill. 

21.  Richard  Edmonde,  esq.  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  R.  Edmonds,  Rector  of  Woodleigh,  De- 
vonshire, to  Fanny-Caroline,  third  dau.  of  John 
Arnold,  esq.  of  Toronto. 

29.  At  Edinburgh,  Capt.  the  Hon.  Mon- 
tague Stoo/ordt  R.N.  to  Lucy,  youngest  dau. 
of^John  Cay,  esq.  of  North  Charlton,  Sheriff 

of  Linlithgowshire. At  Paris,  Henry  Flood, 

esq.  of  Viewmount,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  Ireland, 
to  Isabella,  youngest  dau.  of  tbe  late  Henry 

Flood,  esq.  of  Paulstown  castle. At  St. 

George's  Bloomsbury  square,  John  Mathew, 
esq.  CO.  of  Tipperary.  to  Janette,  only  dau.  of 

Colonel  MarsRck,  late  Gren.  Guards. At  St. 

George's  Hanover  sq.  Willoughby  Marshall 
BurtJem,  M.D.  to  Caroline-Belinda,  eldest  dau. 
of  Capt.  Browne,  Staff  Officer,  Shrewsbury. 

Oct.  1 .  At  Longdon,  Staff,  the  Rev.  Matthew 
AnetU,  M.A.  Fellow  of  Exeter  college,  Oxford, 
to  Maria-Elizabeth,  relict  of  Henry  Grimes, 
Jun.  esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  George  Cliet- 

wynd,  Bart. At  St.  Peter's,  Eaton  sq.  John 

Barthorp,  esq.  late  of  17th  Regt.  eldest  son  of 
John  Barthorp,  esq.  of  Hollesley,  Suffolk,  to 
Agnes-Adelaide,   youngest   dau.   of   Richard 

Loftus  Knight,  esq.  late  ot  75th  Regt. At 

St.  Giles's,  Camberwell,  the  Rev.  N.  G.  Char- 
rington,  M.A.  youngest  son  of  N.  Charrinffton, 
esq.  of  Ley  Spnnr  house,  Leytonstone,  to  Mary- 
Ashmore,  second  dau.  of  Joseph  IHiw,  esq.  of 

Camberwell  grove. At  TiVerton,  Sir  Robert 

Augustus  Fulford  Graves  Colleton,  Bart,  to 
Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  William  Comins,  esq. 

of  Witheridge. At  Ozleworth,  Glouc.  James 

Howard  Rolt,  esq.  to  bis  cousin,  Katberine- 
Brunsdon,  dau.  or  John  Rolt,  esq.  Q.C. 

3.  At  Clapbam,  Henry  J^ery,  esq.  of  Pim- 
lico,  to  Isabella,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Wm. 

Marven  Everett,  esq.  of   Heytesbury. At 

All  Saints*,  St.  John's  wood,  Marylebone, 
Carlo  C.  Riekette,  R.N.  to  Eliza,  dau.  of  Sir 
Augustus  West. 

4.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Richard  P. 
Long,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Walter  Long,  esq.  of 
Rood  Ashton,  M.P.  for  North  Wilts,  to  Char- 
lotte-Anna, only  child  ot  W.  W.  F  Hume,  esq. 

of  Hume  Wood,  iM.P.for  co.  of  Wicklow. 

At  St.  James's,  Westbourne  terrace.  Charles 
Otter,  esq.  M.A.  late  Fellow  of  Christ's  college, 
Cambridge,  to  Elinor-Shirecliffe,  eldest  dau.  of 

K.  S.  Parker,  esq.  Q.C. At  Harwich,  Dr. 

Henry  Amot,  R.N.  to  Georgiana- Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  the  late  George  Deane,  esq.  of  Harwich. 

At  Earl's  Croome,  John  Gaspard  Fanehawe, 

esq.  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  T.  L.  Fanshawe,  of 
Parslocs,  Essex,  and  Vicar  of  Dagenham.  to 
Barbara-FredericaBeaoJolois,  third  dau.  of  the 

Hon.   William   Coventry. At    Wilbraham, 

Camb.  John  Godfrey  Pkippe,  esq.  of  Chelten- 
ham, to  Charlotte,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Henry  King,  esq.  of  Bottisham. At  St.  An- 
drew's, Holborn,  Charles-George,  son  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Sparkes  Griffinharfe,  Vicar  of 
Aikesden,  Essex,  to  Susanna,  dau.  of  the  late 

F.  Hunter,  esq  of  Wye. At  St.  John's,  Not- 

ting  bill,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Temple,  Rector  of  Gay- 
ton,  Northamptonshire,  to  Sarah,  widow  of  the 
Rev.  E.  Whitehurst,  late  Vicar  of  Devynnock. 
At  Hanley,  Capt.  Babington,  ot  7th  Hus- 
sars, to  Augusta-Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  James 

MoncrieffMclville,esq^f  Hanley. AtNewn- 

baro.  Glouc.  tbe  Rev.  Thomas  Law  Monte/lore, 
Curate  of  Westbury  oa-Severn,  to  Catharine, 


1854.] 


Mai^'iagea. 


77 


dan.  of  the  Kev.  E.  C.  Brice,  Incumbent  of 
Newnhaoi. At  Greenwich,  the  Rev.  Frede- 
rick Metcalfe^  M.A.  third  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
W.  Metcal^,  Rector  of  Foulmire,  Cambridj^e, 
to  Harriet-Jane,  dau.  of  John  Kynaston,  esq. 

of  Groom's  hill,  Ulackheath. At  St.  PaiiVs, 

Knig^htsbridge,  Dugald  Stewart  Miller^  esq.  7th 
Roval  Fusiliers,  only  son  of  the  late  Matthew 
Miller,  esq.  of  Old  Cumnock,  Ayrshire,  to 
Marianne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  P. 

Carey. At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Charles 

Roberttf  esq.  of  Dulwich  common,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  William  Roberts,  esq.  M.l).  of 
Gloucester,  to  Louisa-Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of 

Sir  William  Leeson.of  Kingstown,  Dublin. 

At  St.  George's  Hanover  so.  Anthony  Perriert 
esq.  son  of  the  late  Sir  Anthony  Perrier,  Cork, 
to  Mrs.  Charlotte  Hickman,  of  Lotabe^,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Henry  Uoome, 
H.B.I.C.S. At  Little  Wilbraham,  John  God- 
frey Phippif  esq.  of  Cheltenham,  nephew  of  the 
late  Henry  Godfrey,  D.D.  President  of  Queen's 
college,  Cambridge,  to  Charlotte,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Henry  King,  esq.  of  Bottisham. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  Oeoi^e  Dean  Wood, 

esq.  of  Grantham,  Lincolnshire,  to  Isabella, 
youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Robert  Gosling,  esq. 

At  Brixton,  John  Montague  Hajfet,  esq, 

Comm.  R.N.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Rear- 
Adm.  John  Hayes,  C.B.  to  Julia,  second  dau. 
of  R.  A.  Coward,  esq. 

5.  At  Dedham,  the  Rev.  Robert  Lancaster 
Watton,  Head-Master  of  Kimbolton  Grammar 
School.  Hunts,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of 

Whitmore    Baker,   esq.  Dedham   hall. At 

Ilkley,  Yorkshire,  T.  Maylin  Theed,  esq. 
youngest  son  of  William  Theed.  esu.  of  Hilton 
ooose,  CO.  Huntingdon,  to  Charlotte- Alice, 
dau.  of  the  late  Thos.  Dykes,  esq.  of  Kingston- 

npoo-Hall At  West  MouUey,  Surrey,  the 

Rev.  Matthew  TToodteard,  Incumbent  of  Folke- 
stone, to  Rosamond,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  George 

Barrow,  Bart. At  Liverpool,  Leyson,  only 

son  of  Israel  H.  Lewis,  esq.  of  East  Farleigh, 
Kent,  to  Isabella,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  James  Mar- 
tineau,  of  Liverpool. —  At  Aghadoocy,  Wm. 
Ryan,  esq.  of  Lacken,  co.  Tipperary.  barrister- 
at-Iaw,  to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  R.  J. 
Fenwick,  esq.  Capt.  Royal  Engineers. 

6.  At  Hampstead^  George  Robert  Carter, 
esq.  of  Bromley,  Middlesex,  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Frederick  William  Carter,  esq.  of 
Southwark,  to  Christina,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Charles  L-  Robson,  esq.  of  Newcastle-on- 

Tyne. At   Paddington,    lleathcote,   eldest 

son  of  the  Rev.  Thos.  H.  Harding,  Rector  of 
Ashley,  Staffordshire,  to  Emily- Bayly,  dau.  of 
Henry  William  Marriott,  esq.  of  Grove  house. 

Bayswater. At  South  Hackney,  Fleetwood 

John  Richards,  esq.  Capt.  R.Ni.  to  Emily- 
Alicia,  dau.  of  the  late  Major  C<imcron,  U.  Art. 

Arthur  Anderson,  esq.  M.D.  surgeon  of 

the  Rifle  Brigade,  to  Juliana-Margaret,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Alexander  Renny,  esq.  of  Riga. 
At  Lillington,  the  Rev.  John  Vernon,  Rec- 
tor of  ShrawTey,  Wore  to  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
Thomas  Harris,  esq.  of  Sandown,  l.W.  dau.  of 
the  late  Thomas  Harris,  esq.  of  Llanstephan. 

At  Clifton,  Herbert  Francis  ilacktcorth, 

esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Herbert  Mack  worth, 
esq.  of  Wellingborough,  to  Julia-IIcnrietta, 
only  dau.  of  toe  late  Col.  Sir  Digby  Mack- 
worth,  Bart. At  Nettleham,  Line,  the  Rev. 

Watkin  Uomfray,  MA.  Curate  of  Weeford, 
near  Lichfield,    to    Elizabeth,  third   dau.  of 

John  Hood,  esq.  of  Nettleham  hall. At  St. 

George's  Hanover  sq.  George  Bradford  Elli- 
combe,  esq.  of  Chester  square,  to  Kuiilv-Grace, 
youngest  dau.  of  John  Wood,  es(|.  Chairman 

of  Inland  Revenue At  Edinburghi  Josiah 

Oake,  Capt.  R.N.  to  Mary-Charlotte-Hendy, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Erskine  Risk, 
M.D.I   R.N. At  New  Shoreham,  Thomas 


Fuller,  esq.  late  house-surgeon  to  the  County 
Hospital,  Brighton,  to  Nlary-Downing,  only 

dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.  Charles  Webb,  R.N. 

At  Braybrooke,  Nortbampt.  the  Rev.  William 
Henry  Hughes,  Rector  of  Kislingbury,  to  Mary, 
only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Field,  Rector  of 

Braybrooke. At  East  Retford,  Samuel  Jlfar- 

shall,  esi].  of  East  Retford,  to  Marian-Elizabeth, 

third  dau.  of  J.  Mee.  esq. At  St.  John's, 

Clapham  rise,  the  Rev.  Francis  Arthur  Bainet, 
M.A.  to  Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  M.  Ashley,  esq. 

At  St.  John's  Paddington,  Major  Robert 

Carmichael-Smyth,  to  Agnes- Rosina,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Harvey,  esq.  of  Cam- 
bridge  square. At  Dublin,  the  Rev.  H. 

Cotiingham,  Vicar  of  Ballymachue,  Cavan,  to 
Mary -Margaret,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  J.  R. 
Freeman,  esq.  formerly  of  Castlecorr,  Meath. 
8.  At  Newberry,  near  Mallow,  co.  of  Cork, 
Frederick  Robinson,  esq.  M.D.  of  the  Scots 
Fusilier  Guards,  to  Alice,  only  dau.  of  the  late 
Robert  Yarde  Foley,  esq.  of  Kinsale. 

11.  At  Oxford,  the  Rev.  Charies  Walter 
Payne  Crawfurd,  M.A.  second  son  of  Robert 
Crawford,  esq.  of  Saint  hill,  to  Mary,  fourth 
dau.  of  James  A.  Ogle,  M.D.  Regius  Professor 

of  Medicine. At  St.  Anne's,  Soho,  Robert 

Greig,  esq.  61st  Regt.  son  of  the  late  Dr. 
Greig,  32d  Dragoons,  to  Julia-Dorothea,  dan. 
of  Harvey  Combe,  esq.  late  Madras  Civil  Ser v. 
At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Edward  Har- 
nett, esq.  of  Stoke  Newington,  to  Jaquetta- 
Wright,  youngest  dau.  of  Nlaj.  Sanders,  K.C.S. 

of  Chilton. At  Portsea,  the  Rev.  Hargood 

B.  Snooke,  M.A.  Incumbent  of  All  Saints  ,  to 
Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas 
Morgan,  D.D.  Chaplain  of  Portsmouth  Dock- 
yard.— At  Ilfracombe,  Devon,  Joseph  Shep- 
pard  Draper,  esq.  Comm.  Indian  Navy,  young- 
est son  of  the  late  J.  S.  Draper,  esq.  of  Crew- 
kerne,  to  Binma-Montagu,  eldest  dau.  of  the 

late  John  Maule,  esq.  of  Bath. At  Gray's 

Thurrock,  Essex,  Henry  Shaw,  esq.  of  Bille- 
ricay,  to  Marion,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry 

Selby  Hele,  M.A. At  St.  Mary's  Maryle- 

bone,  Charles  Ironside,  esq.  of  Gloucester  pi. 
to  Elizabeth-Ann-Cossley,  eldest  dau.  of  Thos. 
James  Hall,  esq.  Police  Magistrate,  aud  widow 
of  Charles  G.  Hadfield,  esq. 

12.  At  Southrepps,  Norfolk,  Barziliai  A. 
Ilarling,  esq.  of  Stowmarket,  to  Caroline, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Ven.  George  Glover, 
Archd.  of  Sudbury,  and  Rector  of  Southrepps. 

At    Brighton,  George  Whitlock    NicholL 

esq.  barrister  at-law,  second  son  of  lltyd 
Nicholl,  esq.  of  Uske,  and  the  Ham,  Glam.  to 
Mary-Lewisa,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Wm. 

Nicholl,  esq.  Ml),  of  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight. 

At  Prcstwick,  Lane,  the  Hon  Capt.  Dudley  de 
Roos,  to  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Egerton,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Wilton,  of  Heaton  park, 
Manchester,  and  Egerton  lodge.  Melton  Mow- 
bray.  At  Tenterden,  Kent,  Alfred  Barry, 

fourth  son  of  Charles  Barry,  esq.  of  London, 
to  Ann-Lydia,  only  dau.  of  William  Curteis, 

esq.  of  Eastwell  house,  Tenterden. At  Va- 

letta,  Malta,  the  Kev.  Frederick  Hoekin,  M.A. 
Rector  of  Phillach,  Cornwall,  to  Susan-Ann, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Petty,  esq.  of 

Ulverstone,  Lane. At  Norwich,  James  Gay, 

esq.  of  Alborough  hall,  to  Elizabeth,  only  sur- 
viving child  of  the  late  John  Parker,  esq.  of 

Bildeston. At  Ferbaue,  the  Rev.  Sir  Wm, 

Vesey  Ross  Mahon,  Bart,  of  Castlegan  house, 
CO.  Galway,  Ireland,  and  Rector  of  Rawmarsh, 
Yorkshire,  to  Jane,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  King,  of  iiallylinn  house.  King's  co. 

13.  At  Lee,  Kent,  Robert,  eldest  son  of 
Robert  Slater,  esq.  of  Fore  street,  London,  to 
Laura-Martyn,  only  dau.  of  John  Sanders,  esq. 

Commander   R.N. At   Crediton,   Samuel 

Baker  Maclean,  esq.  of  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment, Tower,  London,  to  Elizabeth-Frances* 


78 


Marriages. 


[Jan. 


Ann,  eldest  dtu.  of  Mr.  Medland,  solicitor. 

At  Doncsster,  Capt.  Henry  ^^illism  Barlow, 
R.  Eug,  third  son  of  the  late  Robert  Barlow, 
esq.  and  g^randson  of  the  late  Adm.  Sir  Robert 
Barlow.G.CB.  to  Harriette- Rebecca-Elizabeth, 
only  child  of  John  Wm.  Sturges,  esq.  of  Beech- 
field,   Doucaster. At   St.  Clement   Danes, 

Ueot.  A.  8.  Warden,  14th  B.N.I,  to  Giorgina, 
dan.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Hatch,  Rector  of  Sut- 
ton, Surrey. At  Eastry,  Kent,  John  James 

Harvejf,  esq.  of  Harnden,  Eastry,  Kent,  to 
Roberta,  only  child  of  Capt.  Geo.  Sayer.  R.N. 

of  Statenboroag^h  house. At  Clifton,  Geore;e 

S.  AUnutt,  esq.   barrister-at-law,   to   Saran- 

Emma,  dan.  of  the  Rev.  P.  GuiUebaud. At 

Wicken,  Essex,  Geor^i^e  Duke,  eso.of  Drayton, 
Sussex,  to  Mary-Anne,  relict  of  tne  Rev.  John 

Greensall,  Vicar  of  Wimbish,  Essex. At 

Godstone,  the  Rev.  Arthur  M.  Uoare,  A.M. 
Rector  of  Colbourne.  in  the  Isle  of  Wight^  third 
son  of  the  Archd.  of  Surrey,  to  Maria- Faithful, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  C.  B.  Fanshawe,  anu 

niece  of  Rear-Adm.  Fanshawe. At  Arndilly, 

Banffshire,  Hamilton  Forbee,  esq.  Bengal  Cav. 
to  Elisabeth,  third  dan.  of  the  late  Hon.  Wm. 
Fraser,  and  sister  of  the  present  LordSaltoun. 

At    Littleton,   Tipperary,   Sampson   Ed- 

warde,  esq.  R.N.  of  Durmast  hill,  in  the  New 
Forest,  to  Jane-Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  Capt. 
Edward  Powell,  late  of  9th  Regt. 

14.  At  St.  James's.  Piccadilly,  William- 
Thomas,  eldest  son  of  G.  L.  Graves,  esq.  of 
Brompton,  to  Lucretia,  only  dau.  of  the  late 
Perry  St.  Quintin,  esq.  of  Great  Yarmouth. 

15.  At  Whippingham,  the  Rev.  Edwd.  Stan- 
ley JameM,  Vicar  of  Letcomb  Regis.  Berks, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Canon  James,  of  Win- 
chester, to  Sarah- Ren nell,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  James  Jolliffe^of  Padmore,  isle  of  Wight. 

At  Stepney,  Richard- Henry,  third  son  of 

Lieut.  Stephen  WUHnton,  R.N.  of  Sydney,  to 
Emily,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Chap- 
man,  esq.   Homerton. At  St.   George's 

Bloomsbury,  James  A.  Dyeon,  esq.  to  Maria, 
only  dau.  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Dyson,  H.E.l.C.S. 

17.  At  Bletchington,  William  LintkiU,  esq. 
of  Tyneroouth  lodge,  Northumberland,  to  the. 
Hon.  Frances  Annesley,  second  dau.  of  the 
Viscount  Valentia. 

18.  At  Paddington,  John-Edward,  eldest 
son  of  John  Buckle,  e.s^.  of  Bedale,  Yorkshire, 
to  Frances-Boutine,  widow  of  Wm.  llarker, 

esq.   of  Tbeakston. At  Trinity   church, 

Marylebone,  William  Henry  Mangle*,  esq. 
50th  Regt.  only  son  of  Robert  Mangles,  esq. 
of  Sunningdale,  to  Emily-Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of 

Capt.  Henry  Mangles   Denbam,   R.N. At 

Plympton,  Devon,  Charles  Rickctts  Carter, 
Comm.  R.N.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Vice-Adm. 
Carter,  to  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 

M*Killop. At  Balvarron,  in  Strathardle, 

Perthshire,  James  Mackie,  esq.  only  son  of 
John  Mackie,  esq.  of  Bargaley,  M.P.  for  the 
Stewartry  of  Kirkcudbright,  to  Jane-Wilson, 
only  dau.  of  Archibald  Home,  esu.  of  Inver- 

cbroskie   and   Whitefield. At   Edinburgh, 

William  Gwynne  Stedman  Thomas,  esq.  of 
Carmarthen,  to  Julia- Elisabeth,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  Hon.  John  Shafto  Vaughan,  of  Liberton, 

Biid  Lothian. At  New  York,  Robert  Bunek, 

esq.  British  Consul  for  Carolina,  eldest  son  of 
Robert  H.  Bunch,  esq.  of  New  Providence,  to 
Charlotte- Amelia,  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel 
Craig,  esq.  of  New  York. 

19.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  so.  Peter  Ger- 
hard Vander  Bjfl,  esq.  of  Cape  Town,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Hon.  Peter  Vander  Byl,  to 
Celina-Euphemia,  eldest  dau-  of  Philip  Patton 

Blyth,  esq.  of  Upper  Wimpole  st. At  St. 

Gorge's  Hanover  square,  Alfred  Smiik,  esq. 
of  Clapham,  youngest  son  of  James  Smith,  esq. 
of  Rochester,  to  Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  Wm. 
Lee,  esq-  M.P.  of  Holborough,  Kent. At 


Guernsey,  the  Rev.  John  Edward  Cooper,  Rec- 
tor of  Forncett  St.  Mary,  Norfolk,  to  Maria- 
Lydia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Si- 
mons, E.l.Co.'s  Service. At  Leamington, 

the  Rev.  Francis  Wheler  Molony,  second  son 
of  James  Molony,  esq.  of  Kiltanon,  co.  Clare, 
to  Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of  Capt.  George  Baker, 

R.N. At  Askam  Bryan,  Yorkshire,  the  Rev. 

T.  E.  W.  Blomefield.  eldest  son  of  Sir  T.  W. 
Blomefield,  Bart,  of  Egremont  lodge,  Brigh- 
ton, to  Fanny,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J. 
D'Arcy  J.  Preston,  of  Askam  Bryan  hall. 

20.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Hon. 
George  Augustus  Browne,  son  of  the  late  Lord 
Kilmaine,  to  Frances-Mary,  eldest  dau.  of 
Charles  Prideux  Brune.  esq.  of  Prideaux  place, 

Cornwall. At  Dublin.  G.  D.  Pakenhamt  4th 

B.  L.  C.  to  Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 

Robert  Hume. At  Oeckenham,  Kent,  James 

Lawrence  Man,  esq.  to  Annie,  eldest  dau.  of 

Henry  Desborough,  esq.  of  Beckeuharo. 

At  St.  James's  Paddington,  Henry,  eldest  son 
of  Philip  Cazenove,  esq.  of  Clapham  coram,  to 
Barbara-Constantia,  third  dau.  of  John  Robert 
Thomson,  esq.  of  Sussex  square,  Hyde  park. 

At  Papworth  Everard,  the  Rev.  William 

Keeling,  Rector  of  Barrow,  Suffolk,  to  Eliza, 
the  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Charles  Madryll, 

Cheere,  esq.  of  Papworth  hall,  Camb. At 

Lichfield,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Dickson  Claxton, 
M.A.  of  Liverpool,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of 
Thos.  Johnson,  esq.  of  Lichfield. At  Glou- 
cester, John  Whitcombe,  esq.  barrister-at-law, 
to  Eliza-Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Clark 

Loraine,  esq.  of  Longford  house,  Glouc. 

At  All  Saints',  Prince's  gate,  the  Rev.  Edward 
Lawsou,  second  son  of  William  Lawson,  esq. 
of  Longhirst,  Northumberland,  to  Mary,  dau. 
of  the  late  George  Maule,  esq.  Solicitor  of  the 

Treasury. At  Carlton  Colville,  Suff.  North 

Surridge,  esq.  solicitor,  of  Romford,  to  Anna- 
Maria,  only  dau.  of  William  Andrews,  esq.  of 

Romford. At  Cally,  Kirkcudbrightshire, 

Geo.  Hamilton  Whately,  esq.  to  Annie,  eldest 

dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Levinge,  K.H. 

At  Monymusk,  Aberdeenshire,  John  Gregson, 
esq.  of  Shottou  hall,  and  Burdon.  co.  of  Dur- 
ham, to  Mary -Jane- Forbes,  only  oau.  of  Robt. 
Grant,  esq.  of  Tillyfour. At  Orbe.  Switzer- 
land, Capt.  Brownlow  Cole  BourdUlou,  late 
Bengal  Cav.  to  Am^lie,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  J.  V.  D.  Jaques.  of  Montagny. 

35.  At  St.  John's,  Oxford  sq.  the  Rev.  Thos. 
Lee,  B.A.  Curate  of  St.  Mary's,  Bilston,  to 
Harriet-Ann,  third  dau.  of  the  late  James 
Ormond  Norman,  es().  of  Bloomsbury  sq.  and 

Brookside,   Sussex. At   Paddington.    Wil- 

Hams  Charles  Lane  Ryves.  esa.  I2tb  Bengal 
N.L  second  son  of  the  late  Hugn  Massy  Ryves, 
esq.  of  Limerick,  to  Louisa-Aune,  relict  of 
George  Widrington   Pipoo,   esq.  Capt.    I6th 

Lancers. At  Putney,  Capt-  George  G.  Wel- 

lesley,  R.N.  youngest  son  or  the  late  Hon.  and 
Rev.  Gerald  Wellesley,  D.D.  to  Elizabeth- 
Doughty,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Robert 

Lukin.  esq.  of  the  War  Office. At  St.  Peter's 

Pimlico,  William  Brodrick,  esq.  eldest  son  of 
the  Hon.  and  Rev.  W.  J.  Brodrick,  Rector  of 
Bath,  and  nephew  of  Viscount  Midleton.  to 
AugusU-Mary,  third  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon. 

Sir  T.  F.  Fremantle,  Bart. At  Ueds,  the 

Rev.  Arthur  John  Bmpson,  Rector  of  Eydon , 
Northamptonshire,  to  Anna  Delicia,  second 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  F.  Hook,  D.D.  Vicar  of 
Leeds. 

Nov.  29.  At  Lesbury  Church,  Northumber- 
land, by  the  Rev.  William  Proctor,  assisted 
by  the  Rev.  Court  Granville,  John-Atkinson, 
youngest  son  of  George  Wilson,  esq.  of  Aln- 
wick, to  Grace-Thorp,  second  dau.  of  Wm. 
Dickson,  esq.  of  Alnwick,  Clerk  of  the  Peace 
for  the  County. 


79 


OBITUARY. 


Thk  Qubkn  of  Portugal. 

Nov.  15.  At  Lisbon,  in  her  35th  year, 
her  Majesty  Dona  Maria  II.  Queen  of 
PortngaL 

Maria  da  Gloria,  danghter  of  the  late 
Emperor  of  Brazil,  Dom  Pedro  I.  (IV.  in 
the  series  of  the  IGogs  of  Portugal)  by  his 
first  consort,  the  Archduchess  Leopoldtna 
of  Anstria,  was  bom  at  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
April  4,  1819.  On  the  death  of  hergrand- 
fatiier,  John  VI.  she  was  designated  suc- 
cessor to  the  crown  of  Portugal,  by  virtue 
of  the  act  of  renunciation  executed  by 
Pedro,  one  of  the  provisions  of  which  was 
that,  upon  coming  of  age,  she  should 
marry  her  father's  brother,  Dom  Miguel, 
whom  it  was  desired,  as  a  dangerous  com- 
petitor for  the  throne,  to  satisfy  by  such 
arrangement.  Another  condition  was,  that 
she  and  her  future  husband  should  acknow- 
ledge the  new  constitution.  When  Dom 
Miguel  had  accepted  of  the  arrangement, 
had  sworn  to  the  constitution,  been  be- 
trothed to  the  child  Dona  Maria,  and  re- 
ceived the  regency,  the  young  Queen  left 
Brazil  in  1838,  to  sail  for  Europe.  Miguel 
had,  meanwhile  (June  30,  1838),  declared 
himself  absolute  King  of  Portugal,  and 
forbade  the  Queen  to  land.  She  was  now 
compelled  to  come  to  England,  where  she 
was  received  by  the  court  as  lawful  Queen 
of  Portugal,  but  found  no  actual  support, 
the  minbtry  of  the  day  secretly  favouring 
the  usurper.  In  1829  she  returned  to 
Rio  Janeiro,  with  Amelia  of  Leuchten- 
berg,  her  subsequent  stepmother,  and 
lived  there  until  1831,  when  her  father 
found  himself  compelled  to  resign  the 
crown  of  Brazil  to  his  son,  Pedro  II.  She 
then  resided  in  Paris,  wliile  her  father 
waged  war  for  her  rights  in  Portugal. 
After  the  taking  of  Lisbon,  in  September, 
1833,  she  made  her  entry  into  that  city. 
On  the  29th  of  May,  1834,  Miguel  re- 
nounced his  claims,  and  retired  to  Italy, 
where  he  recalled  his  renunciation,  and 
was  acknowledged  by  the  Pope  King  of 
Portugal.  Pedro  now  administered  the 
government  as  regent  and  guardian  of  his 
daughter.  His  power,  however,  was  soon 
exhausted  ;  and  when,  on  the  18th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1834,  he  announced  to  the  Cortes 
that  he  was  no  longer  able  to  conduct  the 
government,  that  assembly  declared  the 
Queen  at  full  age,  by  which  means  the  in- 
trigues of  the  competitors  for  the  Regency 
were  defeated. 

Maria  now  occupied  herself  with  thoughts 
of  marriage.  Her  choice  fell  upon  Duke 
Charles  -  Augustus  -  Eugene-Napoleon,  of 


Leuchteoberg,  who  already  had  won  her 
affections.  On  the  8th  of  Nov.  1834  she 
was  married  by  proxy,  at  Munich,  to  this 
prince;  and  on  January  27  of  the  fol- 
lowing year  in  person.  Dom  Augustus, 
Prince  of  Portugal,  as  he  was  named,  was 
made  commander  of  the  army,  and  was 
likely  to  become  popular,  when  he  died 
suddenly,  March  28,  1835.  On  the  9th  of 
April,  1836,  she  was  married  a  second  time 
to  Ferdinand,  son  of  Ferdinand  Duke  of 
Saxe- Cobourg- Cohary,  who,  upon  the 
birth  of  a  Crown  Prince,  was  named  King. 
In  the  course  of  the  next  ten  years  the  cor- 
ruptions of  the  government,  which  had  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  the  CabraU,  the  suppres- 
sion of  the  liberty  of  the  press,  and  the  in- 
crease of  taxes,  irritated  a  large  |>ortion  of 
the  nation.  In  May,  1846,  civil  war  broke 
out  in  the  Upper  Minho,  and  in  a  few 
weeks  several  districts  were  in  arms  against 
the  Cabral  ministry.  The  Cabrals  re- 
signed, and  retired  from  the  kingdom. 
The  Chamber  of  Deputies  was  dissolved, 
the  Grand  Cortes  extraordinarily  convoked, 
and  a  number  of  concessions  were  made. 
The  Duke  de  Palmella  was  called  to  power, 
and  held  office  with  Saldanha  for  four 
months,  when  his  cabinet  was  succeeded 
by  a  new  ministry  under  Saldanha's  pre- 
miership. Civil  war,  meanwhile,  con- 
tinued. Das  AntHS,  the  commander  no- 
minated by  the  Juntas,  and  supported  by 
Bandiera,  Louli,  and  Fournos,  gained  se- 
veral successes ;  and  it  was  feared  that 
the  Queen  and  King  would  have  to  leave 
Portugal  and  seek  safety  in  England.  In 
November,  however,  the  popular  party 
were  in  turn  defeated,  and  lost  two  whole 
regiments  by  desertion.  In  the  ensuing 
year  the  mediation  of  the  British  govern- 
ment was  offered,  and  accepted  by  the 
Queen,  but  declined  by  the  Junta.  Das 
Antas  now  prepared  to  evacuate  Oporto. 
The  British  fleet,  under  Sir  Thomas  Malt- 
land,  was  off  that  city.  Steamers  belong- 
ing to  the  Junta  were  permitted  to  enter 
and  embark  Das  Antas"  troopt.  On  the 
Slat  of  May,  1847,  a  corvette  and  three 
armed  steamers,  one  barque,  one  brig,  two 
schooners,  transports,  containing  in  all 
about  3000  troops,  left  the  port.  On 
crossing  the  bar  they  were  summoned  to 
surrender  to  the  British  ;  and  as  resist- 
ance would  have  been  useless,  they  did  so, 
without  firing  a  shot.  As  soon  as  he  was 
on  board  the  British  ship,  the  Conde  dai 
Antas  presented  to  the  commander  a  pro- 
test in  the  name  of  the  Portuguese  nation 
against  this  act  of  hostility,  without  de- 


80 


Obituary. — Queen  of  Portugal, — Duke  of  Seaufort    [Jan. 


claration  of  war,  or  any  pretext  for  the 
same.  By  these  means  resistance  to  the 
royal  authority  was  suppressed.  The 
Queen,  in  return  for  services  rendered  by 
Great  Britain,  signed  an  agreement  ex- 
cluding the  Cabrals  from  power ;  and  this 
was  all  the  opponents  of  the  court  gained 
by  the  insurrection.  As  soon,  however, 
as  quiet  had  been  restored,  the  Conde  de 
Thomar,  the  elder  of  the  Cabrals,  again 
became  premier  in  the  face  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, and  continued  a  career  of  oppression 
and  corruption  until,  in  1851,  the  Duke 
de  Saldanha  carried  out  a  military  revolu- 
tion and  reconstituted  the  government. 
Dona  Maria  yielded  with  a  very  bad  grace 
to  the  necessities  of  her  position.  Her 
husband  had  been  appointed  commander- 
in-chief  at  the  commencement  of  the  out- 
break, and  actually  advanced  against  Sal- 
danha, but  was  forced  to  make  a  speedy 
and  solitary  retreat  to  Lisbon,  his  troops 
having  deserted  him  on  his  march,  llie 
government  has  since  been  conducted  un- 
der the  presidency  of  Saldanha. 

Her  Majesty  has  left  seven  children  ; 
namely,  Dom  Pedro  d 'Alcantara,  Duke  of 
Braganza,  who  has  now  succeeded  to  the 
throne  as  Dom  Pedro  V.  born  Sept.  16, 
1837  ;  Dom  Louis  Philippe,  Duke  of 
Oporto,  born  Oct.  31,  1838  ;  Dom  Joao, 
Duke  of  Saxe  and  of  B^ja,  born  March  16, 
1842;  Dona  Maria- Anne,  born  July  21, 
1843  ;  Dona  Antonia,  born  Feb.  17,  1845 ; 
Dom  Ferdinand,  born  July  23,  1846  ;  and 
Dom  Augusto,  born  4,  1847. 

From  the  very  commencement  of  her 
late  gestation,  her  Majesty,  whose  untimely 
end  even  her  political  adversaries  deplore, 
felt,  as  she  often  expressed  to  those  around 
her,  a  foreboding  that  its  result  would  be 
fatal  to  her.  This  was  no  vague  and 
groundless  presentiment,  for  her  two  pre- 
ceding labours,  in  both  of  which  the  infant 
perished,  had  been  attended  with  great 
danger  to  herself,  and  her  medical  assist- 
ants had  plainly  intimated  their  fears  that, 
in  consequence  of  certain  functional  de- 
rangements of  an  irremediable  nature,  she 
could  never  again  give  birth  to  a  living 
child.  Fearing,  however,  on  this  last  oc- 
casion, that  the  disquietude  which  agitated 
her  mind  would  greatly  increase  the  danger 
of  the  coming  crisis,  they  advised  her  to 
divert  her  thoughts  as  much  as  possible 
from  the  subject  of  her  apprehensions, 
which  they  endeavoured  to  persuade  her 
were  but  the  phantoms  of  a  morbid  imagi- 
nation. But  it  was  all  in  vain.  She  fol- 
lowed their  advice,  indeed,  and  frequently 
visited  the  different  theatres,  but  no  words 
of  comfort  could  lay  the  spectre  that  in- 
cessantly haunted  her  soul.  On  the  night 
of  the  13th  she  went  to  the  Italian  Opera. 
On  Monday  night,  the  14th,  at  aboat  half- 
10 


past  nine,  the  first  indications  of  approach- 
ing labour  manifested  themselves,  and,  in 
accordance  with  the  established  custom  on 
such  occasions,  the  Councillors  of  State, 
the  Ministers,  and  the  great  officers  of  the 
royal  household,  were  summoned  to  the 
palace.     The  very  first  symptoms  were  so 
awfully  alarming,  that  the  medical  men  in 
attendance  felt  it  their  duty  to  advise  the 
sufferer — with  all  the  usual  precautions  of 
course — with  assurances  that  there  was  no 
immediate  danger — th^t  all  would  soon  be 
well  got  over — to  fortify  herself  with  the 
succours  of  religion.     On  receiving  this 
announcement  she  drooped  at  once,  and 
only  said,  "  I  see  how  it  is  ;  my  last  hour 
is  at  hand."     The  Sacraments  having  been 
administered  to  her  hastily,  the  medical 
men  began  their  work.     There  was  a  mal- 
presentation  of  the  infant  at  the  very  com- 
mencement, and  after  hours  of  fruitless 
endeavours  to  rectify  it,  forcible  and  piece- 
meal extraction  was  at  last  resolved  upon, 
the  baptism  of  the  child  having  been  pre- 
viously effected  in  utero  mairit.    At  about 
ten  o'clock  on  the  following  morning  the 
extraction  was  completed,  leaving  the  un- 
fortunate lady  in  a  state  of  exhaustion, 
under  which  she  finally  sank  in  less  than 
two  hours,  after   having  bid  a  last  and 
heart-rending  farewell   to   her   distracted 
husband  and  children. 

Her  Majesty  was  not  distinguished  for 
any  brilliant  qualities,  but  she  possessed 
the  quiet  unobtrusive  domestic  virtues  in 
a  high  degree.  A  good  wife,  a  fond 
mother,  and  a  kind  mistress  to  her  ser- 
vants, she  was  beloved  by  all  who  knew 
her  well ;  but  the  graces  by  which  enthu- 
siastic popularity  is  won  she  did  not  pos- 
sess. She  was,  however,  remarkable  for 
her  nice  sense  of  propriety,  and  for  that 
she  was  universally  respected. 

A  Council  of  State  was  held  immediately 
after  the  Queen's  death,  and  the  King 
Consort,  Dom  Fernando,  sworn  in  as 
Regent.  The  Regent  continues  the  Sal- 
danha-Magalhaens  Cabinet  in  power. 

Thb  Duke  of  Beaufort,  K.G. 

Nov,  17.  At  Badminton,  co.  Gloucester, 
in  his  62nd  year,  the  Most  Noble  Henry 
Somerset,  Duke  of  Beaufort  (1682),  Mar- 
quess of  Worcester  (1642),  Earl  of  Wor- 
cester (1514),  Earl  of  Glamorgan,  Viscount 
Grosroont,  and  Baron  Beaufort  of  Caldecot 
Castle  (1644),  Baron  Bottetant  (by  writ 
1308),  Baron  Herbert  (by  writ  1461),  and 
Baron  Herbert  of  Ragland,  Chepstow,  and 
Gower  (1506),  K.G.,  Lieut.-Colonel  Com- 
mander of  the  Gloucestershire  Yeomanry, 
and  High  Steward  of  Bristol. 

This  lineal  descendant  of  **  old  John  of 
Gaunt,  time-honoured  Lancaster,"  was 
born  on  the  5tb  Feb.  1 79S,  the  eldest  son 


1854.] 


Obituary. — The  Duke  of  Beaufort. 


81 


of  Heury. Charles  sixth  Duke  of  Beaufort, 
K.G.  by  Lady  Charlotte  Sophia  Leveson- 
Gower,  fifth  daughter  of  Granville  first 
Marquess  of  Stafford.  He  entered  the 
army  as  an  officer  in  the  10th  Hussars, 
and  served  in  the  Peninsula  on  the  staff  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  by  Marshal  Soult's  army,  but  re- 
mained captive  only  a  few  months. 

In  1813,  on  the  attainment  of  his  ma- 
jority, the  Marquess  of  Worcester  was 
returned  to  parliament  for  the  borough  of 
Monmouth,  for  which  he  continued  to  sit 
until  1832.  On  May  24, 1816,  he  accepted 
office  as  one  of  the  junior  Lords  of  the 
Admiralty,  and  he  held  that  post  until 
March  15,  181.9. 

In  1832,  at  the  first  election  after  the 
enactment  of  Reform,  he  was  opposed  at 
Monmouth  by  the  present  Sir  Benjamin 
Hall,  and  defeated  by  393  votes  to  355. 
The  Marquess  of  Worcester  was  not  a 
member  of  that  parliament ;  but  at  the 
next  general  election  in  Jan.  1835  he  was 
returned,  without  a  poll,  in  conjunction 
with  the  Hon.  G.  C.  Grantley  Berkeley 
(a  Liberal),  for  the  Western  Division  of 
Gloucestershire)  for  which  his  uncle  Lord 
Robert  Somerset  had  been  an  unsuccess- 
ful candidate  in  1832. 

On  the  23rd  November  following  the 
Marquess  succeeded  his  father  as  seventh 
Duke  of  Beaufort. 

He  became  Lieut.-Colonel-Commandant 
of  the  Gloucestershire  Yeomanry  Cavalry 
in  April  1834. 

Sir  Robert  Peel,  after  his  accession  to 
office  in  1841,  recommended  his  Grace  for 
the  second  Garter  that  became  vacant, 
and  he  was  invested  with  that  honour  to- 
gether with  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  and 
the  Marquess  of  Salisbury. 

There  was  not,  perhaps,  amongst  the 
aristocracy  of  England  one  whose  man- 
ners and  bearing  were  more  truly  noble 
than  those  of  the  late  Duke.  He  looked 
every  inch  what  he  was — one  of  the  most 
highly.bom  and  illustriously  -  descended 
members  of  the  British  peerage.  He  was 
an  excellent  landlord,  and  a  great  patron 
of  the  sports  of  the  field  ;  was  universally 
beloved  and  respected,  and  will  be  deeply 
regretted  by  all  to  whom  he  was  generally 
known.  It  was  impossible  to  have  the 
slightest  communication  with  his  Grace 
without  being  struck  with  his  inherent 
courtliness,  which  was  enhanced  by  a  fine 
port,  a  commanding  figure,  and  a  coun- 
tenance whose  features  were  cast  in  a  truly 
noble  mould.  He  was  a  consistent  sup- 
porter of  Conservative  politics.  As  a 
Master  of  Hounds  he  has  been  immor- 
talised on  canvass  in  the  paintings  of 
" The  Royal  Hunt,''  and  ''The  Badmin- 
ton Hunt;"  while,  upon  paper,  "Nirarod  '^ 

Gent.  Mag,  Vol.  XLI. 


has  perpetuated  his  character  in  terms  no 
more  eulogfstic  than  it  deserved.  In  the 
palmy  days  of  Melton,  when  "The  Old 
Club^'  flourished ,  a  discussion  arose  as  to 
who  was  the  most  popular  sportsman  in 
England,  and  it  was  at  once  unanimously 
conceded  that  the  Marquess  of  Worcester 
was  the  man  who  held  that  enviable  po- 
sition. As  a  charioteer  none  could  excel 
him,  and  when  the  Four-in-hand  Club 
was  started  some  twenty  years  back,  bis 
Grace's  team  of  skewballs  and  well-ap- 
pointed drag  was  always  considered  the 
crack  **  turn-out."  As  a  racing  man,  the 
calendar  shows  that  his  stud,  although 
never  very  extensive,  was  always  well 
selected.  To  the  professors  of  music  and 
the  drama  he  was  ever  a  warm  patron,  as 
evidenced  by  the  interest  he  took  in  the 
sons  of  the  lamented  Tyrone  Power,  and 
the  strenuous  exertions  he  used  to  pre- 
serve the  falling  fortunes  of  the  Queen's 
Theatre. 

The  Duke  of  Beaufort  was  twice  mar- 
ried, and  his  wives  were  sisters  by  their 
mother,  Lady  Anne  Wellesley,  daughter 
of  Garrett  first  Earl  of  Mornington,  and 
sister  to  the  late  Marquess  Wellesley  and 
the  Duke  of  Wellington.  His  first  wife» 
Georgiana-Frederica,  who  died  when  Mar- 
chioness of  Worcester,  was  Lady  Anne's 
only  child  by  her  first  husband  the  Hon. 
Henry  FitzRoy,  a  younger  son  of  Charles 
first  Lord  Southampton.  Her  marriage 
took  place  on  the  25th  July,  1814,  and 
her  death  on  the  10th  May,  1821.  His 
second  wife,  to  whom  he  was  married  on 
the  29th  June,  1822,  and  who  survives 
him,  was  Emily-Frances,  daughter  of  the 
late  Culling  Charles  Smith,  esq.  (of  whom 
a  memoir  was  given  in  the  Obituary  of 
our  Magazine  for  July  last).  By  his 
former  marriage  the  Duke  had  issue  two 
daughters  :  1.  Lady  Charlotte- Augusta- 
Frederica,  married  in  1844  to  the  late 
Philip  Baron  Nieumann,  sometime  Aus- 
trian Minister  in  this  country,  and  died 
Sept.  30,  1850  (her  husband  surviving  her 
only  to  the  16th  Jan.  following);  2.  Lady 
Georgiana-Charlotte-Anne,  married  in  1836 
to  Sir  Christopher  William  Codrington, 
Bart.  M.P.  for  Gloucestershire.  By  his 
second  marriage  the  Duke  had  issue  one 
son  and  six  daughters,  all  of  whom  survive 
him  :  3.  Henry  -  Chairles  -  FitzRoy,  now 
Duke  of  Beaufort;  4.  Emily-Blanche- 
Charlotte,  married  in  1848  to  George 
Viscount  Dupplin,  son  and  heir  apparent 
of  the  Earl  of  Kinnoull ;  5.  Lady  Rose 
Caroline  Mary,  married  in  1846  to  Francis 
Frederick  Lovcll,  esq.;  6.  Lady  Henrietta- 
Louisa- Priscilla  ;  7.  Lady  Geraldine- Har- 
riet-Anne  ;  8.  Lady  Katharine  -  Emily- 
Mary;  and  9.  Lady  Edith-Frances-WU- 
helmine.  born  in  1838. 

M 


82       Obituary.— Cown^e^j  of  Newburgh,'-^Lord  Cloncun^i/.     [Jan. 


The  present  Duke  is  Captain  in  the  7th 
Hussars,  and  Aide-de-Camp  to  the  Ge- 
neral Commanding  in  Chief;  and  has  sat 
for  East  Gloucestershire  in  the  present 
parliament.  He  was  born  in  1824,  and 
married  in  1845  Lady  Georgiana  Charlotte 
Cnrzon,  eldest  daughter  of  Earl  Howe,  by 
whom  he  has  issue  Hcnry-Adelbert-Wel- 
lington-FitzRoy  now  Marquess  of  Wor- 
cester, and  two  other  sons. 

The  late  Duke's  funeral  took  place  at 
Badminton  on  the  24 tb  Not.  It  was 
attended  by  the  present  Duke  and  the 
Marquess  of  Worcester,  by  his  sons-in-law 
Viscount  Dupplin  and  Mr.  LoTell,  by  the 
Marquess  of  Cholmondeley,  Earls  Howe, 
Galloway,  Granville,  and  Bathurst,  Lord 
Calthorpe,  Lord  Raglan,  and  most  of 
the  junior  members  of  the  Somerset 
family. 

The  Countess  of  Newburoh. 

Nov,  22.  At  her  seat,  Hassop,  co. 
Derby,  aged  65,  the  Right  Hon.  Mary- 
Dorothea  Eyre,  Countess  of  Newburgh, 
Viscountess  of  Kinnaird,  and  Baroness 
Livingstone  of  Flacraig,  in  the  peerage 
of  Scotland  (1660). 

Her  Ladyship  was  born  on  the  13th 
July,  1788,  the  eldest  cbild  of  Francis  the 
sixth  Earl,  by  Dorothy,  daughter  and  heir 
of  John  Gladwin,  esq.  She  was  married 
on  the  19th  July,  1836,  to  Colonel  Charles 
Albert  Leslie,  K.H.  of  Ballybay,  co. 
Monaghan,  who  died  in  1838,  without 
children. 

On  the  death  of  her  brother  Francis, 
the  eighth  Earl,  October  15,  1852,  she 
succeeded  to  the  peerage,  which  devolves 
on  females  in  the  absence  of  male 
heirs. 

The  mortal  remains  of  the  late  Countess 
were  deposited  in  the  mausoleum  in  Has- 
sop Park,  having  lain  in  state  during  the 
two  preceding  days  in  the  great  hall  of  the 
mansion,  where  a  temporary  altar  was 
arranged  for  the  occasion.  At  nine  o*clock, 
a.m.  a  funeral  mass  was  performed  in  the 
chapel  at  Uie  hall,  and  at  12  the  procession 
was  formed  to  proceed  to  the  cjiapel  in  the 
park,  in  the  following  order  : — 12  mutes 
with  hatbands,  two  and  two;  50  of  the 
tenants  in  scarfs  and  hatbands,  two  and 
two;  12  mutes  with  muffled  staves;  the  lid 
of  feathers;  the  coronet  of  the  deceased 
countess,  borne  on  a  cushion  by  a  pursui- 
vant, bareheaded ;  the  body,  in  a  hearse 
drawn  by  six  horses,  caparisoned  in  black 
velvet  and  plumes,  and  decorated  with  ar- 
morial bearings;  a  mourning  coach,  drawn 
by  four  horses,  containing  the  pall-bearers 
— namely,  the  Hon.  the  Master  of  Lovat, 
the  Hon.  George  Cavendish,  the  Count  De 
La  Fold,  and  Mr.  Philip  Howard,  of  Corby; 
a  mourning  coach,  containing  Colonel  Les- 


lie, as  chief  mourner,  supported  by  his  two 
nearest  relatives— Lord  Lovat  and  Mr. 
Charles  Leslie.  Four  other  mourning- 
coaches,  each  drawn  by  four  horses,  fol- 
lowed, containing  members  of  the  princi- 
pal families  in  the  neighbourhood.  There 
was  also  a  line  of  private  carriages,  which 
reached  entirely  from  the  hall  to  the 
chapel.  On  arriving  at  the  chapel,  the 
dirge  was  commenced  with  the  organ  from 
within ;  and,  the  service  being  completed, 
and  a  requiem  performed,  the  mortal  re- 
mains of  the  much-loved  lady  were  con- 
signed to  their  last  home,  amidst  the  tears 
and  sincere  regrets  of  the  crowd  who 
thronged  the  chapel,  many  of  whom  had 
come  from  a  great  distance  to  pay  this  mark 
of  respect  and  affection.  In  compliance 
with  an  ancient  custom,  at  the  conclusion 
of  the  ceremonial  a  distribution  of  loaves 
of  bread  to  the  poor  was  made,  according 
to  the  number  of  years  that  the  deceased 
had  lived. 


Lord  Clonourry. 

Oct.  28.  At  his  residence,  Maretimo, 
Blackrock,  near  Dublin,  aged  80,  the  Right 
Hon.  Valentine  Browne  Lawless,  second 
Baron  Cloncurry,  of  Cloncurry,  co.  Kil- 
dare  (1789),  and  a  Baron  of  the  United 
Kingdom  by  the  same  title  (1831),  a  Baro- 
net (1776),  and  a  Privy  Councillor  of 
Ireland. 

This  venerable  nobleman  (who  through- 
out his  life  was  a  man  of  some  influence 
in  respect  of  his  political  opinions,)  was 
born  in  Merrion-square,  Dublin,  on  the 
19th  Aug.  1773,  the  second  but  only  sur- 
viving son  of  Nicholas  Lawless,  esq.  who 
three  years  after,  in  1776,  was  created  a 
Baronet,  and  in  1789  was  raised  to  the 
peerage  in  Ireland.  He  was  originally  a 
Roman  Catholic,  and  in  early  life  had 
settled  in  France,  in  pursuit  of  those 
immunities  which  were  not  awarded  to 
his  own  community  at  home.  The  result, 
however,  was  different  to  his  expectations  : 
he  was  less  satisfied  with  France  than  with 
Ireland ;  he  returned  in  consequence  to 
his  native  country,  purchased  large  estates 
in  the  counties  of  Limerick,  Kildare,  and 
Dublin,  and  conformed  to  Protestantism. 
Lord  Cloncurry's  mother  was  Margaret, 
Only  daughter  of  Valentine  Browne,  esq. 
of  Dublin. 

Being  then  a  younger  son,  he  was  at 
eight  years  of  age  sent  to  a  public  school 
at  l^ortarlington,  where  he  was  treated 
roughly  enough,  and,  having  been  pushed 
by  another  boy  from  a  penthouse,  dislo- 
cated his  arm,  an  accident  which,  acting 
upon  a  constitution  originally  delicate, 
produced  a  weak  state  of  health  for  many 
years.  At  twelve  he  was  removed  to  a 
school  at  Blackrock,  near  his  father's  villa 


1854.] 


Obituary.— Zorrf  Cloncurry. 


83 


of  Maretimo,  where  the  Rev.  Dr.  Bur- 
rowes  educated  a  large  proportion  of  the 
jonng  Irish  nobility  of  that  day  ;  and  at 
fourteen  to  the  King's  School  at  Chester, 
then  presided  over  by  Dr.  Bancroft.  He 
liTed  at  Chester  in  the  family  of  Dr. 
Cleaver,  the  Bishop  of  that  see,  and 
Principal  of  Brazenose  college,  Oxford, 
llie  Bishop,  however,  could  not  persuade 
him  to  go  to  Oxford ;  but,  at  his  own 
solicitation,  his  father  allowed  him  to 
enter  the  university  of  his  native  city,  and 
be  there  graduated  in  arts  in  the  year 
1791.  On  the  same  d^y,  as  it  happened, 
his  father  entertained  the  then  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant, the  Earl  of  Westmoreland,  at 
Momington  House  (which  he  had  just 
purchased  from  the  late  Marquess  Welles- 
ley),  and  the  late  Duke  of  Wellington  was 
of  the  party  as  Aide-de>camp  to  his  Excel- 
lency. The  house,  for  which  his  father 
paid  8000/.  in  1791,  was  sold  the  year 
after  the  Union  for  2500/. 

Lord  Cloncurry,  when  at  college,  took 
an  active  part  in  the  Historical  Society, 
*'a  nursery  of  genius  and  patriotism,^* 
whicl^  was. at  length  suppressed  by  the 
bigotry  of  his  tutor,  Dr.  Elrington,  after- 
wards Bishop  of  Ferns.  In  179^  he  went 
to  Switzerland,  where  he  remained  for  two 
years,  which  were  divided  between  Keuf- 
chatel,  Geneva,  and  Lausanne.  Returning 
to  Irelatid  in  1795  he  took  up  house- 
Keeping  in  Merrion-row,  Dublin,  in  con- 
junction with  his  maternal  grandfather. 
At  that  period  his  father  was  a  peer  of 
patriotic  politics,  but  maintained  a  friendly 
and  respectful  intercourse  with  the  vice- 
regal court.  With  his  sanction,  Mr.  Law- 
less was  the  chief  promoter  of  the  Rath- 
down  Association,  a  voluntary  organization 
of  noblemen  and  gentlemen,  established 
for  the  purpose  o^  maintaining  the  public 

{)eace,  and  protecting  property  in  the  popu- 
ous  district  lying  between  Dublin  and 
Brav, — a  purpose  then  but  little  served 
by  the  imperfect  police  of  those  days.  He 
was  also  at  the  same  time  an  officer  in  a 
corps  of  yeomanry  cavalry,  commanded 
by  Colonel  Corry,  brother  to  the  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Irish  Exchequer,  and  acted 
with  him  at  the  time  of  the  threatened 
French  invasion,  on  which  occasion  his 
father  advanced  the  sum  of  45,000/.  to 
government,  by  which  timely  aid  it  was 
enabled  to  break  up  the  camp  at  Lough* 
linstown,  and  to  march  to  meet  the  inva- 
ders at  Bantry  Bay. 

Mr.  Lawless  went  a  further  length  in 
patriotum,  by  becoming  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  United  Irishmen,  which  had 
been  founded  in  1791,  in  •*  the  idea  of 
uniting  both  sects  (Catholics  and  Protes- 
tants) in  pursuit  of  the  same  objects,  a 
repeal  of  the  penal  laws,  and  a  reform, 


including  in  itself  an  extension  of  the  right 
of  suffrage  to  Catholics.**  He  was  not, 
however,  a  constant  resident  in  Dublin  ; 
for,  shortly  after  his  return  from  Switzer- 
land, he  entered  as  a  student  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  a  step  which  rendered  it  neces- 
sary for  him  to  pay  frequent  visits  to 
London.  During  one  of  them,  dining  at 
the  house  of  Mr.  John  Macnamara,  in 
Baker-street,  he  met  Mr.  Pitt,  and  on  that 
occasion  heard,  for  the  first  time,  of  the 
contemplated  project  of  a  Union  between 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  The  news 
acted  as  a  ferment  upon  his  notions  of 
patriotism  and  nationality,  and  induced 
him  to  publish  (in  1797)  a  pamphlet  under 
the  title  of  *<  Thoughts  on  the  Projected 
Union,*'  which  is  reprinted  at  the  close  of 
his  '*  Recollections,"  1849.  To  this  essay, 
which  was  honoured  by  a  special  reply  from 
Mr.  Edward  Cooke,  the  Under-Secretary 
for  Ireland,  Lord  Cloncurry  attributed  the 
motives  of  his  subsequent  prosecutions.  At 
the  same  period  he  made  the  acquaintance 
of  Home  Tooke,  Sir  Francis  Burdett,  and 
the  unfortunate  Colonel  Despard  ;  but 
formed  a  more  intimate  friendship  with  the 
Tory  partisan,  John  Reeves.  When  in 
Dublin  his  time  was  spent  in  the  society  of 
the  leaders  of  the  popular  movement — of 
his  beloved  friend  Lord  Edward  Fiti- 
gerald,  of  Arthur  O'Connor,  the  elder 
Emmett,  Sampson,  Curran,  Grattan,  and 
George  Ponsonby.  He  joined  in  the  sup- 
port of  The  Press  newspaper,  then  the 
organ  of  reform  and  popular  rights  ;  and 
in  the  autumn  of  1797  he  was  elected, 
though  without  his  desire  or  even  know- 
ledge, a  member  of  the  Executive  Direc- 
tory of  the  United  Irish  Society,  upon 
which  occasion,  for  the  first  but  only  time, 
he  attended  a  meeting  of  that  body.  Soon 
after  he  aided  in  preparing  the  Kildare 
petition  against  the  Union  and  in  favour 
of  Reform  and  Catholic  Emancipation, 
which  was  signed  bv  his  father,  as  well  as 
by  the  Duke  of  Lemster,  and  several  hun- 
dreds of  the  leading  men  of  the  country. 
It  was  followed  up  by  a  meeting  held  at 
the  Royal  Exchange,  at  which  he  presided: 
and  he  was  one  of  a  deputation,  with  Lord 
Edward  Fitzgerald  and  Arthur  O'Connor, 
appointed  to  carry  an  address  to  Messrs. 
Grattan,  Curran,  and  George  Ponsonby, 
requesting  them  to  discontinue  the  **mocK- 
ery"  of  attending  parliament, — a  request 
which  was  very  unwisely  complied  with. 
At  the  dissolution,  which  soon  after  fol- 
lowed, he  wrote  the  addresses  of  Lord 
Edward  Fitzgerald  and  Mr.  Henry  of 
StrafTan,  declining  (in  the  same  spirit)  to 
offer  themselves  as  candidates  for  the  i  e- 
presentation  of  Kildare.  Sach  were  the 
overt  acts  by  which  Mr.  Lawless  became 
an  object  of  suspicion,  and  several  intima- 


84 


Obituary.— Zorrf  Cloncurry, 


[Jan. 


tions  were  made  to  his  father  that  the  evil 
eye  of  the  Goyemment  was  upon  him. 

In  Not.  1797  Mr.  Lawless  returned  to 
London,  in  order  to  keep  his  term  at  the 
Temple.  At  that  time  there  were  many 
of  his  poorer  countrymen  "refugees''  in 
this  country,  in  consequence  of  having 
offended  the  laws  in  their  own  ;  and  in 
common  with  all  other  of  his  compatriots 
who  had  a  few  pounds  in  their  pockets,  he 
was  subject  to  continual  solicitations  for 
their  reUcf.  In  the  course  of  this  work  of 
charity  a  club  was  formed,  the  members 
of  which  were  chiefly  young  Templars,  and 
which  they  called  the  United  Irish.  This 
name  was  unfortunate,  as,  though  the  club 
had  no  connection  with  the  United  Irish 
Society  of  Ireland, "  and  had  the  character 
rather  of  a  debating  and  convivial  than  of 
a  political  body,V  yet  it  appears  to  have 
been  represented  to  government  as  being 
of  an  illegal  and  mischievous  complexion. 
Among  their  other  transgressions  they 
ventured  to  relieve  Peter  Finerty,  the 
ex-printer  of  the  Dublin  Press.  But 
Mr.  Lawless  did  more  than  this :  having 
been  accidentally  made  acquainted  with 
O'Coigly,  or  Quigley,  who  was  shortly 
after  arrested  with  Mr.  Arthur  O'Connor 
on  his  passage  to  France,  and  eventually 
hanged  at  Penenden  Heath  on  the  7  th  of 
May,  1798,  he  headed  the  subscription  for 
his  defence,  and  became  answerable  for  its 
cost.  On  this  subject  he  wrote  to  Mr. 
Broughall,  his  father's  agent  in  Dublin, 
and  that  gentleman  being  a  suspected 
person,  and  shortly  after  arrested  and  his 
papers  seized,  Mr.  Lawless's  letter  about 
O'Coigly  was  found  among  them.  The 
immediate  result  was  hit  >  vre^^y  ^^  ^^ 
lodgings  in  St.  Alban's  street,  and  at  the 
same  time  and  place  wereabo  captured  the 
Duke  of  Leinster,  John  Philpot  Curran, 
and  Henry  Grattan,  who  happened  at  the 
time  to  be  visiting  him.  They  were  all, 
however,  immediately  liberated ;  but  at 
the  same  time  the  Government  also  caused 
to  be  arrested  Mr.  Stewart  of  Acton, 
a  gentleman  of  large  fortune  in  the  north 
of  Ireland,  Mr.  Ag&Ti  a  relative  of  the 
Archbishop  of  Dublin,  Richard  Curran, 
eldest  son  of  the  future  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  and  Mr.  Trenor,  who  was  the 
secretary  of  Mr.  Lawless,  and  had  been 
formerly  his  tutor  at  Dr.  Burrowes's 
school.  All  these  persons  (wrote  Mr. 
Wickham,  an  under-secretary  of  state,  to 
Lord  Castlereagh,)  were  supposed  to  be 
*'  more  or  less  deeply  implicated  in  the 
treasonable  conspiracy  in  Ireland;  that 
they  had  all  knowledge  of  the  connection 
between  the  traitors  in  that  county  and 
the  French  Directory,  or  its  ministers; 
and  had  given  aid  and  countenance  to  the 
agents  who  have  at  different  times  been 


sent  over  from  one  country  to  the  other.' 
(Despatch  dated  8  June,  1798,  in  the 
Castlereagh  Memoirs,  i.  216.)  Lord  Clon- 
curry,  in  his  **  Recollections,"  denies  that 
any  of  the  party  were  engaged  in  corre- 
spondence with  the  French  Directory  or  its 
ministers,  and  that  the  only  aid  and  coun- 
tenance they  gave  to  any  suspected  persons 
were  limited  to  the  charitable  assistance  to 
their  poor  fellow-countrymen  already  de- 
scribed. 

His  restraint  on  this  occasion  lasted  for 
about  six  weeks,  during  which  he  was  con- 
fined at  the  house  of  a  king's  messenger 
in  Pimlico.  He  was  taken  before  the 
Privy  Council  several  times,  and  questioned 
by  Lord  Loughborough,  Mr.  Pitt,  and  the 
Duke  of  Portland.  At  length  he  was  re- 
leased, the  ministers  declaring  that  they  had 
a  great  regard  for  his  father,  and  hoped  here- 
after to  have  the  same  esteem  for  him.  H  is 
father  was  already  alarmed  at  the  progress 
of  political  events,  and  in  a  letter  to  Lord 
Loughborough  regretted  that  his  son  had 
been  influenced  by  persons  entertaining 
opinions  not  only  doubtful  but  dangerous, 
"  and  extremely  opposite  to  the  principles 
which  I  wish  him  to  entertain."'  In  truth, 
his  father  was  highly  displeased  with  him, 
and  on  his  liberation  Mr.  Lawless  did  not 
return  to  Ireland,  but  made  a  tour  on 
horseback  in  the  north  of  England,  re- 
maining partly  at  Harrowgate  and  Scar- 
borough, at  which  latter  place  he  formed 
a  matrimonial  engagement  with  the  sister- 
in-law  of  an  intimate  friend,  and  not,  ap- 
parently, with  his  father's  approbation. 

Lord  Cloncurry  does  not  plead  guilty  to 
any  fresh  political  provocation,  on  his  part, 
during  his  ensuing  residence  in  London. 
He  concludes,  however,  that  he  was  con- 
sidered a  good  subject  for  intimidation— 
"  sufficiently  known  and  loved  among  my 
fellow-countrymen  to  insure  notoriety  and 
fearful  sympathy  for  my  misfortunes,  I 
was  yet  not  sufficiently  powerful  for  self- 
defence,  or  to  cause  anxietv  in  the  minds 
of  my  oppressors,  from  the  lear  of  a  public 
reaction  against  their  illegal  conduct.  I 
was  also  young  and  active;  and,  above 
all,  enthusiastic  and  incorruptible  enough 
to  render  my  exertions  in  defence  of  the 
independence  of  Ireland  in  some  degree 
formidable ;  and  therefore  it  was  thought 
advisable  to  remove  me  from  the  scene  of 
conflict"  On  the  14th  April,  1799,  he 
was  again  arrested,  under  a  warrant  signed 
by  the  Duke  of  Portland,  the  Home-Se- 
cretary, issued  under  the  authority  of  the 
Habeas  Corpus  Suspension  Act :  the 
charge  was  merely  **  suspicion  of  treason- 
able practices."  On  his  arraignment  be- 
fore the  Council,  he  was  questioned  by 
Mr.  Pitt,  who  said  he  had  positive  in- 
formation that  Mr.  Lawleai  bad  been  at 


1854.] 


Obituary.— Zorrf  Cloncurty, 


85 


a  meeting  held  a  year  before  his  former 
arrest  when  a  plan  was  laid  for  making 
United  Irish  Societies  in  London.  Mr. 
Lawless  answered  that  it  was  not  so,  but 
that  he  would  answer  no  questions  whilst 
in  custody.  On  the  Bth  May  he  was  trans- 
ferred from  the  charge  of  a  King's  Mes« 
senger  to  the  Tower  of  London,  in  which 
prison  he  remained  until  the  expiration  of 
the  Habeas  Corpus  Suspension  Act  re- 
stored him  to  liberty  in  March,  1801.  We 
have  not  space  to  describe  the  various 
efforts  made  by  his  friends  for  his  enlarge- 
ment,  which  are  detailed  in  his  Memoirs. 
He  was  himself  too  proud  to  make  any 
concession  or  admission.  In  the  mean 
time,  on  the  20th  August,  1799,  by  the 
death  of  his  father,  he  became  Lord  Clou- 
curry.  Only  nine  days  before  his  death, 
Lord  Cloncurry  had  addressed  another 
appeal  to  the  Duke  of  Portland,  urging  his 
own  loyalty  and  his  support  of  the  Duke's 
administration  in  Ireland,  as  well  as  his 
recent  rote  in  favour  of  the  Union,  as 
claims  for  some  indulgence  on  behalf  of 
his  son.  Towards  the  close  of  his  life,  he 
altered  his  will,  and  left  away  from  his  son 
a  sum  of  between  60,000/.  and  70,000/.  in 
fear  it  might  become  subject  to  con^scation. 
The  following  August  (of  1800)  brought  to 
the  new  Lord  news  of  the  death  of  his 
affianced  bride:  whose  failing  state  of 
health  had  been  lypresented  to  the  Duke 
of  Portland,  but  without  any  effect  in  his 
fsvour. 

After  a  confinement  of  twenty-two 
months  he  was  released  by  the  expira- 
tion of  the  act  for  suspending  the  writ  of 
Habeas  Corpus,  without  the  slightest  al- 
teration of  circumstances,  in  reference  to 
the  charges  or  suspicions  against  him, 
having  taken  place  between  the  time  of 
his  arrest  and  that  of  his  discharge.  A 
few  days  after  he  had  a  note  from  Lord 
Castlereagh,  stating  that  there  was  no  im- 
pediment to  his  return  to  Ireland.  He 
commenced  actions  for  false  imprisonment 
against  the  Duke  of  Portland  and  Mr. 
Pitt,  but  they  were  stopped  by  an  act  of 
indemnity  passed  in  favour  of  those  minis- 
ters. At  a  subsequent  period  (in  1817) 
the  late  Lord  Holland  gave  his  written 
opinion  to  Lord  Cloncurry  that  the  cir- 
cumstance of  his  case,  especially  in  the 
latter  part  of  his  imprisonment,  "  ap- 
proached more  nearly  to  those  of  the 
Uilret  de  cachei^  in  old  France,  than  any 
that  occurred  under  Pitt's  suspension  of 
the  Habeas  Corpus.'' 

After  a  short  visit  to  Ireland,  Lord 
Cloncurry  determined  to  repair  his  health 
and  spirits  by  foreign  travel.  Upon  the 
peace  of  Amiens  he  immediately  went 
abroad,  accompanied  by  two  of  his  sisters. 
At  Paris  he  was  preseoted  to  the  First 


Consul,  who  entered  freely  into  conversa- 
tion with  him,  and  with  Lord  Holland, 
who  was  also  present.  He  passed  the 
winter  at  Nice,  and  then  proceeded  to 
Italy.  Whilst  at  Rome  he  married  the 
daughter  of  General  Morgan ;  and  his 
youngest  sister  became  the  wife  of  Colonel 
Edward  Plunkett,  afterwards  fourteenth 
Lord  Dunsany.  Lord  Cloncurry  resided 
in  Rome  for  more  than  two  years,  rent- 
ing, in  conjunction  with  this  brother-in- 
law,  the  Palazzo  Accaioli,  close  to  the 
Quirinal.  Whilst  at  Rome  he  formed,  by 
purchase  and  by  excavations,  a  valuable 
collection  of  antiquities,  which  is  now  at 
his  country  mansion  at  Lyons,  in  the 
county  Kildare.  He  returned  home  through 
Germany  and  Denmark,  and  was  again  in 
Ireland  at  the  close  of  1805.  At  this 
period  Lord  Redesdale,  who  was  then 
Lord  Chancellor  of  Ireland,  refused  to 
place  Lord  Cloncurry 's  name  on  the  com- 
mission of  the  peace  for  the  counties  of 
Kildare  and  Dublin;  but  the  Whig  ad- 
ministration, which  shortly  followed,  cor- 
rected this  grievance.  He  now  passed  his 
time  entirely  in  the  ordinary  employments 
of  a  country  gentieman  and  magistrate, 
until  his  quiet  was  painfully  disturbed  by 
occurrences  that  ended,  in  the  year  1811, 
in  a  dissolution  of  his  "hasty  and  impru- 
dent "  marriage.  In  the  same  year  he 
formed  a  "  more  fortunate  "  alliance  with 
Emily,  widow  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Leeson, 
and  mother  of  Joseph  Earl  of  Milltown, 
with  whom  he  lived  in  uninterrupted  hap- 
piness and  affection  for  thirty  years.  He 
describes  his  life  at  this  period  to  have 
been  as  happy  as  it  was  busy.  He  made 
a  fine  place  of  Lyons,  at  the  cost  of  at  least 
200,000/.  employing  a  prosperous  tenantry, 
and  usually  entertaining  four  or  five  friends 
from  among  those  who  sympathised,  or 
bore  with,  his  unfashionable  national  poli- 
tics. In  1815  he  received  another  mortifi- 
cation from  the  Tory  government,  in  being 
refused,  on  account  of  his  politics,  a  re- 
quest that  his  step-children  should  be 
raised  to  that  titular  rank  of  which  they 
had  been  accidentally  deprived  by  the  pre- 
mature death  of  their  father. 

We  have  space  very  briefly  to  allude  to 
Lord  Cloncurry' 8  subsequent  political  do- 
ings. Notwithstanding  he  had  taken  a 
prominent  part  in  defeating  a  loyal  ad- 
dress, proposed  to  have  been  sent  from 
the  county  of  Dublin  to  George  the  Fourth, 
he  was  included  in  the  general  peace- 
making which  attended  upon  the  King*s 
visit  to  Ireland  in  1821,  when  he  was  gra- 
ciously invited  to  the  royal  table,  and  even 
asked  his  Majesty  to  his  own  house,  an 
invitation  which  was  declined  in  the  most 
gracious  terms,  on  the  ground  of  the  short- 
ness of  his  Majesty's  stay. 


86 


Obituary.— Zorrf  Cloncurry. 


[Jan. 


With  Lord  Wellesley,  as  Lord  Lieute- 
nant, Lord  Cloncurry  was  on  terms  oF  in- 
timacy, but  still  more  so  with  the  Mar- 
quess of  Anglesey,  during  his  two  vice- 
royalties  ;  with  this  representative  of  the 
sovereign  Lord  Cloncurry  "  was  so  far 
honoured  by  his  confidence,  as  to  be  per- 
mitted to  form  a  sort  of  private  cabinet, 
to  which  he  frequently  referred  for  counsel 
and  assistance.*'  Whatever  may  be  thought 
of  this  assertion  upon  its  constitutional 
merits,  it  was  certainly  not  an  empty 
boast ;  many  letters  from  the  Marquess, 
which  are  printed  in  Lord  Cloncurry's 
Memoirs,  offer  materials  for  the  historian 
on  the  motives  and  policy  of  that  admi- 
nistration. In  1828  Lord  Anglesey  was 
called  to  order  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
for  having,  with  the  Lord  Chancellor  (Sir 
Anthony  Hart),  dined  wl,th  Lord  Clon- 
curry. His  Excellency  wrote  in  reply 
that  he  believed  Lord  Cloncurry  "  to  be 
a  loyal  subject,  a  good  man,  and  an  exem- 
plary magistrate ;  and  I  cannot  consent  to 
abandon  the  exercise  of  my  own  di9cretion 
in  selecting  those  with  whom  I  may  deem 
it  expedient  and  prudent  to  hold  an  inter- 
course." In  1831,  shortly  after  the  com- 
mencement of  Lord  Anglesey's  second 
vice-royalty,  Lord  Cloncurry  was  sworn  a 
Privy  Councillor  for  Ireland ;  and  in  Sep- 
tember of  the  same  year,  a  few  days  before 
the  coronation,  he  was  raised  to  a  peerage 
of  Great  Britain. 

For  the  less  important  incidents  of  his 
career,  such  as  his  entertainment  of  Mr. 
O'Connell,  his  quarrel  with  the  dema- 
gogue, who  denounced  him  as  essentially 
an  aristocrat,  and  their  subsequent  recon- 
ciliation, we  must  now  refer  to  the  Per- 
sonal Recollections  of  his  Life  and  Times, 
a  volume  published  in  1849»  and  which 
«)pears  to  have  been  suggested  by  the 
Castlereagh  Correspondence,  a  series  of 
papers  which  had  then  recently  laid  open 
the  secret  particulars  of  the  state  prosecu- 
tions which  he  had  suffered  in  early  life. 
The  Recollections  were  criticised  in  the 
Quarterly  Review  by  Mr.  Wilson  Croker ; 
and  very  severely  in  Fraser^s  Magazine. 
The  more  cordial  criticism  in  the  Dublin 
University  Magazine  b  supposed  to  have 
been  written  by  the  learned  Mr.  Butt, 
Q.C.  {  and  the  review  in  our  own  Miscel- 
lany (for  July,  1849)  was  accompanied  by 
some  interesting  comments  communicated 
by  the  late  Mr.  James  Roche  of  Cork. 

In  his  introductory  passages  Lord  Clon- 
curry remarked  : — "  I  hav&  lived  during 
many  years,  seen  many  men,  suffered  and 
prevailed,  been  persecuted  and  honoured ; 
and  now,  having  laboured  in  my  genera- 
tion with,  at  least,  a  hearty  desire  to  serve 
my  fellow-man,  I  look  at  the  past  without 
even  a  passing  feeling  of  unkmdness,  and 


at  the  present  with,  I  trust,  a  reverential 
gratitude  for  the  large  share  vouchsafed 
to  me  by  a  beneficent  Providence,  of  those 
three  cardinal  blessings  of  humanity, — 
health,  competence,  and  respect  of  men." 
It  is  remarked  in  the  Dublin  Evening 
Post,  that  "  few  men  who  had  mixed  so 
much  in  the  strife  of  politics  had  excited 
less  of  personal  hostility,  because  he  was 
gifted  with  a  kind  and  generous  disposi- 
tion ;  and  there  was  no  one  acquainted 
with  the  purity  of  his  motives,  and  the 
benevolence  of  his  nature,  who  could  fail 
to  esteem  the  man.  At  all  times  his  cha- 
rities, as  well  as  his  efforts  to  promote  and 
reward  merit  in  the  arts,  especially  wheu 
the  reputation  of  Ireland  was  to  be  ad- 
vanced, were  only  limited  by  his  resources. 
Particularly  during  the  closing  years  of  a 
long  and  honoured  life,  when  age  required 
repose  and  retirement,  Lord  Cloncurry 
devoted  himself  to  works  of  benevolence 
vrith  a  sincerity  which  avoided  all  ostenta- 
tion, and  with  a  discrimination  which  se- 
lected the  most  fitting  objects  for  his 
bounty." 

By  his  first  wife,  Eliza -Georgiana, 
youngest  daughter  of  Major-Gen.  George 
Morgan  (whose  divorce  took  place  in  1811 
in  consequence  of  proceedings  in  which 
Sir  John  Bennett  Piers  was  defendant,  and 
who  yras  remarried  in  1819  to  the  Rev. 
John  Sanford^,  his  ^rdship  had  two 
children,  1.  Mary-Margaret,  married  first 
in  1820  to  John-Michael-Henry  Baron  dc 
Robeck  (which  marriage  was  ^solved  in 
1828),  and  secondly  to  Lord  Sussex  Len- 
nox ;  and  3.  the  Hon.  Ann- Valentine,  a 
son,  who  died  in  1835,  in  his  twentieth 
year.  By  his  second  marriage,  with  Emily, 
third  daughter  of  Archibald  Douglas,  esq. 
of  Darnock,  and  widow  of  Joseph  Leeson, 
esq.  (by  whom  she  had  issue  the  present 
Earl  of  Milltown  and  two  other  children, 
both  now  deceased),  Lord  Cloncurry  had 
five  other  children,  of  whom  the  only  pre- 
sent survivor  is  his  successor.  They  were, 
3.  the  Hon.  Emily,  who  died  in  1825,  in 
her  nineteenth  year ;  4.  the  Hon.  Valen- 
tina  Maria,  who  died  young ;  5.  Edward, 
now  Lord  Cloncurry  ;  6.  the  Hon.  Frede- 
rick-William, who  died  in  1824,  in  his 
fifth  year;  and  7.  the  Hon.  Cecil-John 
Lawless,  who  is  dead  since  his  father  (see 
p.  87).  Lord  Cloncurry  became  a  second 
time  a  widower  in  1841. 

The  present  Lord  was  born  in  1816,  and 
married  in  1839  Elizabeth,  only  daughter 
of  John  Kirwan,  esq.  of  Castle  Hacket, 
eo.  Galway,  by  whom  he  has  a  numerous 
family. 

The  remains  of  Lord  Cloncurry  were 
interred  by  torchlight,  at  half-past  seven 
o'clock,  p.m.  with  much  solemnity,  in  the 
family-vault  within  the  walls  of  the  de- 


1854.]     Hon.  C,  Lawless, — Lord  Fullerion. — Sir  C.  Witham,      87 


mesne  at  Lyons.  It  haying  been  observed 
as  a  family  custom  that  its  deceased  mem- 
bers should  be  interred  by  torchlight,  his 
Lordship,  previous  to  his  decease,  directed 
that  a  similar  course  should  be  adopted  on 
the  occasion  of  his  interment. 


Hon.  Cecil  Lawless. 

Nov.  5.  Aged  33,  the  Hon.  Cecil  John 
Lawless,  M.P.  for  Clonmel. 

He  was  the  younger  son  and  youngest 
child  of  the  late  Lord  Cloncurry  (of  whom  a 
memoir  is  given  in  the  preceding  page),  by 
bis  second  wife,  Emily,  third  daughter  of 
Archibald  Douglas,  esq.  of  Damoch,  and 
widow  of  Joseph  Leeson,  esq.  He  was 
bom  on  the  1st  Aug.  1820. 

He  was  first  returned  to  Parliament  for 
Clonmel  in  Sept.  1846,  without  a  contest, 
on  Mr.  Pigot  becoming  Chief  Baron  of 
the  Irish  Exchequer.  At  the  general  elec- 
tion of  1847  he  was  opposed  by  Mr. 
James  K.  Monahan,  but  defeated  him  by 
298  votes  to  23. 

He  married,  Feb.  7,  1848,  Frances- 
Greorgiana,  widow  of  John  William  Digby, 
esq.  of  Landenstown,  co.  Kildare,  and 
daughter  of  Morris  Townsend,  esq.  of 
Sfaepperton,  co.  Cork;  but  has  died,  we 
believe,  without  issue. 

His  death  ensued  after  extreme  nervous 
excitement.  He  had  but  just  returned 
from  the  funeral  obsequies  of  his  excellent 
and  patriotic  father,  and  a  sudden  shock 
experienced  on  the  journey,  it  is  said,  was 
the  proximate  cause  of  his  illness. 


Lord  Fullerton. 

Dee,  3.  At  his  residence  in  Edinburgh, 
having  nearly  completed  his  78th  year, 
John  Fullerton,  esq.  late  a  Lord  of  Session. 

This  distinguished  lawyer  was  born  on 
the  16th  Dec.  1775  ;  and  was  admitted  an 
advocate  at  the  Scotish  bar  in  1798.  He 
was  called  to  the  bench  in  1828  through 
the  instrumentality  of  Sir  Robert  Peel, 
then  Home  Secretary,  and,  we  believe,  on 
the  earnest  representation  of  the  present 
Lord  Justice  Clerk,  then  Solicitor  General. 
Lord  Fullerton  well  justified  the  choice. 
At  the  bar,  and  where  he  was  surrounded 
by  a  phalanx  of  eminent  men — Erskine, 
Clerk,  Cranstoun,  Thomson,  Moncreiff, 
Jeffrey,  Cockburn,  Reay,  Jamieson,  and 
Skene — some  being  his  seniors  and  some 
his  juniors,  it  will  be  recollected  by  many 
that  Lord  Fullerton  was  still  deemed  one 
of  the  soundest,  most  learned,  and  accom- 
plished lawyers  ;  and,  in  the  latter  years 
of  liis  practice,  second  to  none  as  an  au- 
thority in  the  feudal  and  higher  branches 
of  the  law.  He  had  retired  from  the 
bench  only  three  weeks  before  his  death. 


Sir  Thomas  John  Claverino,  Bart. 

Nov.  18.  At  Clifton,  in  his  82d  year.  Sir 
Thomas  John  Clavering,  the  eighth  Bart., 
of  Axwell,  CO.  Durham  (1661). 

He  was  the  son  of  George  Clavering, 
esq.,  of  Greencroft,  by  his  second  wi^, 
Mary,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Palmer, 
of  Combe  Raleigh,  co.  Devon,  and  widow 
of  Sir  John  Pole,  Bart,  of  Shute  in  the 
same  county.  He  succeeded  his  uncle.  Sir 
James  Clavering,  LL.D.,  Oct.  14,  1794. 
In  1798  he  raised  a  troop  of  yeomanry  at 
his  own  expense,  for  the  defence  of  the 
country  from  invasion.  He  served  the 
office  of  High  Sheriff  of  Northumberland 
in  1817-18. 

He  married,  in  1791,  Clara,  daughter  of 
Jean  de  Gallais  de  la  Bemardine,  Comte 
de  la  Sable  in  Anjou,  and  had  issue  three 
sons  and  two  daughters.  His  two  elder 
sons  have  died  before  him,  and  he  is  suc- 
ceeded by  his  3roungest  son,  now  Sir  Wil- 
liam Aloysius  Clavering,  born  in  1830. 

Sir  Charles  Witham,  Knt. 

Nov.  30.  At  Higham,  Suffolk,  aged 
63,  Sir  Chairles  Witham,  Knt.  Lieut.  B.N. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  William  Witham, 
esq.  (a  younger  son  of  Thomas  Witham^ 
M.D.  of  Durham,  second  son  of  William 
Witham,  esq.  of  Cliffe,  co.  York,  by  Do- 
rothy, daughter  of  Thomas  Langdale,  esq.) ; 
and  was  born  in  London.  He  entered  the 
Navy  in  1808  as  first-class  volunteer  on 
board  the  Gibraltar,  stationed  in  the  Chan- 
nel ;  from  June  1810  to  March  1812  he 
was  in  the  Baltic  as  midshipman  in  the 
Courageux  74 ;  and  he  afterwards  served 
in  the  Cossack  22,  Druid  32,  Namur  74, 
and  Newcastle  60.  In  1806  he  was  ap- 
pointed acting  Lieutenant  of  the  Phaeton 
46 ;  he  was  confirmed  March  6,  1818,  and 
subsequently  appointed  to  the  Camelion 
10,  to  the  Apollo  Yacht  in  1821,  to  the 
Britannia  fiag-ship  at  Plymouth  in  1824, 
and  first  of  the  Philomel  10  in  1825.  He 
afterwards  served  in  the  same  capacity  in 
the  Semiramis  24,  the  flag-ship  at  Cork. 
He  had  been  on  half-pay  since  1831. 

He  married  Nov.  18,  1829,  Jane,  third 
daughter  of  John  Hoy,  esq.  of  Stoke-by- 
Nayland,  in  Suffolk;  and  he  was  knighted 
in  1830  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland. 


Rear-Admiral  Bell,  C.B. 

Oct.  16.  At  Aigburth  Ash,  near  Liver- 
pool, aged  70,  Rear-Admiral  Christopher 
Bell,  C.B.  formerly  of  Oulton,  near  Lowes- 
toft. 

Rear- Admiral  Bell  was  a  son  of  the  late 
J.  Baker  Bell,  esq.  of  Gorleston,  near 
Yarmouth. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  June  1793  as 
first-class  volunteer  on  board  the  Clyde  38 ; 
and  served  in   the  Channel,  North  Sea, 


88 


Obituauy.— i?^aa'-y4rfw.  Bell. — Rear-Adm,  Pases.         [Jan. 


and  oflf  the  Western  Islands  for  the  space 
of  six  years.  In  1799  he  assisted  at  the 
capture,  after  a  gallant  engagement  of 
nearly  two  hours,  of  the  French  frigate 
La  Vestale,  of  36  guns.  He  passed  his 
examination  in  April  1802  ;  and  sailed  in 
July  following  in  the  Chichester  storeship 
for  the  Jamaica  station,  where  he  was 
promoted  on  the  20th  Oct.  following, 
from  the  Leviathan  74  into  the  Shark  18  ; 
and  afterwards  joined  in  Oct.  1803  the 
Magnanime  18,  and  in  Sept.  1804  La 
Pique  36.  In  March  1806,  when  com- 
manding the  tender  of  the  latter  ship,  he 
aided  in  taking  the  two  French  16  gun- 
brigs  Phaeton  and  Voltigeur ;  and  on  the 
1st  Nov.  following,  as  first  of  La  Pique, 
with  her  barge  and  two  other  boats  under 
his  orders,  he  succeeded,  without  the  loss 
of  a  man,  in  cutting  out  from  the  harbour 
of  Cabaret,  Porto  Rico,  a  fine  new  Spanish 
brig,  pierced  for  1 2  guns,  completely  de- 
stroying at  the  same  time  a  3-gun  battery 
at  the  entrance  of  the  harbour.  While 
subsequently  employed  ashore  on  the  south 
side  of  St.  Domingo,  he  received  a  severe 
wound  in  an  attack  made  by  the  natives 
on  his  party,  and  in  consequence  he  re- 
ceived a  gratuity  from  the  Patriotic  Fund. 

On  the  13th  March,  1807,  he  was 
appointed  to  the  acting  command  of  the 
Shark  receiving-ship  at  Port  Royal ;  from 
which  he  was  confirmed  Commander 
April  1, 1808,  into  the  14-gun  brig  Phipps. 
On  the  16th  Nov.  1810  he  boarded  and 
sunk  Le  Barbier  de  Seville,  a  lugger  of 
16  guns,  off  Calais ;  and  received  the 
approbation  of  the  Admiralty.  He  re- 
moved in  June  1811  to  the  command  of 
the  Mosquito,  a  first-class  ship;  but  was 
superseded  on  advancement  to  post  rank, 
Feb.  7,  1812  ;  and  not  subsequently 
employed. 

He  was  nominated  a  Companion  of  the 
Bath  on  the  4th  July,  1840;  and  raised 
to  the  rank  of  a  retired  Rear- Admiral, 
Oct.  1,  1846. 


Rear-Admiral  Pasco. 

JVbi;.  ...  At  East  Stonehouse,  near 
Devonport,  aged  nearly  79,  Rear-Admiral 
John  Pasco. 

Rear-Admiral  Pasco  was  bom  Dec.  20, 
1774.  He  entered  the  navy,  June  4, 
1784,  on  board  the  Druid  32,  lying  at 
Plymouth.  In  1786  he  joined  the  Pega- 
sus 28,  commanded  by  H.R.H.  the  Duke 
of  Clarence,  with  whom  he  served  for  about 
twelve  months  in  the  West  Indies  and  on 
the  coast  of  North  America.  He  then  be- 
came attached  to  the  Impregnable  98,  flag- 
ship at  Plymouth  of  Adm.  Graves,  and  to 
the  Penelope  32,  on  the  Halifax  station. 
Between  1790  and  1795  he  was  employed 
as  midshipman  and  master's  mate,  princi- 
pally in  the  Channel  and  West  Indies,  on 
board  the  Syren  32,  Orion  74,  London  98, 
Caesar  80,  Minotaur  74,  Aimable  32,  and 
Beaulieu  38.  Attaining  the  rank  of  Lieu- 
tenant July  15,  1795,  he  was  appointed  to 
the  Majestic  74,  flag-ship  of  Sir  J.  Lafo- 
rey;  again  to  the  Beaulieu,  and  to  the 
Minotaur  74,  all  in  the  West  Indies;  Sept. 
27, 1796,  to  the  Raisonnable  64,  employed 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  in  the 
Channel;  Dec.  27,  1799,  as  first,  to  the 
Immortality  36,  on  the  latter  station;  and 
April  7,  1803  (after  six  months  of  half- 
pay),  to  the  Victory  100,  flag-ship  of  Lord 
Nelson.  When  senior  Lieutenant,  in  1796, 
of  the  Beaulieu,  Mr.  Pasco  landed  with  a 
battalion  of  seamen,  and  assisted  at  the 
reduction  of  St.  Lucie.  On  his  passage 
to  the  Mediterranean  in  May  1803,  Mr. 
Pasco,  then  in  the  Victory,  contributed  to 
the  capture  of  the  French  32-gun  frigate 
Embuscade.  He  afterwards  went  in  pur- 
suit of  the  combined  squadrons  to  the  West 
Indies;  and  on  his  return  he  shared,  Oct. 
21,  1805,  in  the  battle  of  Trafalgar.  It 
being  Lord  Nelson's  practice  to  make  the 
officer  first  on  his  list  for  promotion  do 
the  duty  of  signal-officer,*  and  the  junior 
that  of  first  Lieutenant,  Mr.  Pasco,  although 
senior  of  the  Victory  in  the  action,  was 


*  Lord  Nelson,  on  this  occasion,  gave  Mr.  Pasco  his  ever-memorable  order  in  these 
words:  "England  confides  that  every  man  will  do  his  duty:"  which  was  altered  to 
"  England  expects,'*  &c.  on  Mr.  Pasco's  suggestion,  in  order  to  save  time,  the  former 
word  not  being  in  the  telegraph  vocabulary,  and  therefore  requiring  to  be  spelt  letter 
by  letter.  This  story  has  been  improved  by  relating  that  the  alteration  was  from 
**  Nelson  expects,"  to  *'  England  expects;'*  but  the  fact  as  above  stated  is  given  on 
the  authority  of  Rear-Admiral  Pasco  himself,  in  a  letter  addressed  to  Robert  Cole, 
esq.,  F.S.A.,  dated  on  the  29th  Oct.,  1840  :— 

"His  Lordship  came  to  me  on  the  poop,  and  after  ordering  certain  signals  to  be 
made,  about  a  i  to  noon,  he  said,  *  Mr.  Pasco,  I  wish  to  say  to  the  fleet,  England  con- 
fides that  every  man  will  do  his  duty,''  and  he  added,  '  you  must  be  quick,  for  I  have 
one  more  to  make,  which  is  for  close  action. ' 

**  I  replied,  '  If  your  Lordship  will  permit  me  to  substitute  the  word  expects  for 
confides,  the  signal  will  soon  be  completed,  because  the  word  expects  is  in  the  vocabu- 
lary, and  the  word  confides  must  be  spelt.'  His  Lordship  replied  in  haste  and  with 
seeming  satisfaction,  '  That  will  do,  Pasco,  make  it  directly.*  When  it  had  been 
answered  by  a  few  ships  in  the  van,  he  ordered  me  to  make  the  signal  for  close  action 
11 


1854.]  Obituary. — CapL  Alexander  Ellivey  R.N. 


89 


obliged  to  submit  to  the  regulation  en- 
forced by  his  lordship,  through  whose  death 
he  in  consequence  lost  that  promotion  to 
which  his  rank  entitled  him.  He  had  thus 
the  mortification  of  only  receiving  a  Com- 
mander's commission,  dated  Dec.  24, 1805 ; 
while  Mr.  Quilliam,  the  sixth  Lieutenant, 
was  at  once  advanced  to  post  rank.  During 
the  battle  he  had  the  misfortune  to  be  very 
severely  wounded  by  a  grape-shot  in  the 
right  side  and  arm ;  for  which  he  received  a 
pension  of  250/.  per  amium,  besides  having 
at  the  time  obtained  a  grant  from  the  Patri- 
otic Fund. 

After  he  left  the  Victory,  Captain  Pasco 
remained  on  half-pay  until  May,  1808.  He 
then  obtained  the  command  of  the  Mediator 
33,  in  which  he  served  for  three  months  off 
Cadiz  and  Lisbon.  In  the  following  No> 
vember  he  joined  the  Hindostan  50,  armie- 
en-flute,  fitting  for  a  voyage  to  New  South 
Wales :  on  his  return  whence  he  was  ap- 
pointed, in  Nov.  1810,  to  the  Tartarus  20. 
In  that  ship,  in  which  he  was  made  post 
by  commission  bearing  date  April  3,  1811, 
Captain  Pasco  continued  employed  on  the 
Channel,  American,  and  Cork  stations  until 
May  1815.  In  the  ensuing  June  he  as- 
sumed command,  at  Lisbon,  of  the  Rota 
38;  and  he  next,  from  Aug.  30, 1815,  until 
paid  off  Sept.  3,  1818,  served  in  the  Lee 
30,  on  the  Channel  station,  where  he  made 
prize  of  several  smuggling  vessels.  On 
March  18,  1846,  he  was  admitted  into  the 
Royal  Hospital  at  Greenwich;  but,  resign- 
ing the  appointment  almost  immediately, 
be  was  placed  on  the  1st  of  April  follow- 
ing  in  command  of  his  old  ship  the  Victory 
stationed  at  Portsmouth.  He  had  been 
previously,  Feb.  19, 1842,  selected  as  a  re- 
cipient for  the  Captahi's  good-service  pen- 
sion. He  attained  the  rank  of  Rear- Ad- 
miral Sept.  22,  1847. 

Rear-Admiral  Pasco  married,  first.  Sept 
1,  1805,  Rebecca,  daughter  of  J.  L.  Pen- 
fold,  Esq.,  of  the  Royal  Dockyard  at  Ply- 
mouth; and,  secondly,  July  32, 1843,  Eliza, 
relict  of  Captain  John  Weaver,R.  M .( 1 826) . 
By  his  first  wife  he  had  issue  three  sons  and 
two  daughters.  -  Of  the  former,  the  eldest, 
William,  is  a  Commander,  and  the  second, 
Crauford,  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Navy. 
The  youngest  son,  George  Magrath  Ley 
Pasco,  was  a  Second  Lieutenant,  Royal 
Marines  (1841).     One  of  the  Rear-Admi- 


ral's daughters  is  married  to  Capt.  J.  B.  B. 
M4Iardy,  R.N.,  the  high  constable  of  Es- 
sex, the  other  to  Lieutenant  H.  M.  Kins- 
man, R.N. 

The  deceased  was  a  truly  gallant  sailor, 
and  a  mild  and  amiable  gentleman. 


Capt.  Alexander  Ellice,  R.N. 

Oct,  8.  At  Glenquoich,  N.B.  the  resi- 
dence of  his  brother  the  Right  Hon.  Ed- 
ward Ellice,  M.P.  Capt.  Alexander  Ellice, 
R.N.  Comptroller-General  of  the  Coast 
Guard. 

This  gentleman  entered  the  navy  Aug.  3, 
1 806,  as  a  volunteer  on  board  the  Croco- 
dile, Capt.  C.  E.  B.  Bettesworth;  and 
afterwards  joined,  as  a  midshipman,  the 
Tartar  32,  in  which  he  was  present  in  an 
action  with  the  Danish  flotilla  near  Bergen, 
May  15,  1808,  when  Capt  Bettesworth 
was  killed.  He  continued  to  serve  in  the 
Tartar,  under  Capt  Joseph  Baker,  until 
transferred  in  June  1809  to  the  Victory 
100,  then  the  flag. ship  in  the  Baltic  of 
Sir  James  Saumarez.  From  Jan.  1811 
to  June  1813  he  was  in  the  Mediterranean, 
in  the  Imperieuse  38,  and  among  other 
services  he  shared  in  the  skirmish  with  a 
Neapolitan  squadron  on  the  17th  May 
1813.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Lieutenant  from  the  Indus  74,  Oct  30, 
1813.  In  Jan.  following  he  joined  the 
Caledonia  130,  the  flag-ship  of  Lord  Ex- 
mouth  ;  and  was  afterwards  attached  to 
the  Cossack  33,  Tenedos  38,  and  Min- 
den  74.  In  the  last  he  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Algiers  ;  and  served  for  four 
years  in  the  East  Indies  under  the  flag  of 
Sir  Richard  King. 

In  1822  he  became  first  Lieut,  of  the 
Jupiter  50,  employed  on  particular  ser- 
vice. He  attained  the  rank  of  Commander 
Feb.  19,  1833.  In  1831  he  was  stationed 
for  some  months  off  Oporto,  in  the  Vic- 
tor 18  ;  and  on  the  30th  Dec.  in  that  year 
he  was  advanced  to  post  rank.  On  the 
I6th  Aug.  1834  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Ocean  80,  and  on  the  37th  Aug.  1835  to 
the  Howe  120,  both  flag-ships  at  Ports- 
mouth of  the  Hon.  Charles  E.  Fleming ; 
on  the  6th  Aug.  1841  to  the  Astrea  6  on 
the  Falmouth  station ;  and  on  the  10th 
Sept.  1843  to  the  packet  service  at  South- 
ampton, with  his  name  on  the  books  of  the 


and  to  keep  it  up  ;  accordingly,  I  hoisted  No.  16  at  the  top-gallant  mast-head,  and 
there  it  remained  until  shot  away.'' 

We  may  add  another  remarkable  anecdote  (also  from  a  letter  of  Captain  Pasco  to 
Mr.  Cole).  When  the  fresh  ships  from  England  joined  Nelson's  fleet,  they  had  the 
hoops  of  their  masts  painted  black.  As  this  was  a  common  practice  with  the  enemy, 
it  did  not  long  escape  Nelson's  penetrating  glance,  and  he  telegraphed  each  ship  to 
paint  her  hoops  yellow,  that  in  the  event  of  even  a  mast  being  distinguishable  in  the 
smoke,  no  mistaken  fire  might  be  poured  into  a  friend : — so  minute — so  far  seeing — 
so  decisive  were  the  arrangements  of  that  immortal  chief  1 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI.  N 


90 


Capt.  Napier. — Capt,  Gregory, — Capt,  Nort'is.         [Jan. 


Victory.  In  1846  he  was  placed  on  half- 
pay. 

On  the  28  Dec.  1846,  Capt.  Ellice  was 
appointed  to  succeed  Sir  "W.  E.  Parry  in 
the  Comptrollership  of  Steam  Machinery  ; 
from  which  he  was  remoYcd  to  the  Comp- 
trollership of  the  Coast  Guard. 

He  married  Sept.  28,  1826,  Lucy- 
Frances,  daughter  of  the  late  Charles 
Locke,  esq.  and  granddaughter  of  the  late 
Duchess  of  Leinster. 


Capt.  H.  E.  Napier,  R.N. 

Oct.  13.  In  Cadogan-place,  in  his  65th 
year,  Capt.  Henry  Edward  Napier,  R.N. 
F.R.S. 

This  officer  was  the  youngest  brother  of 
the  late  highly-distinguished  Sir  Charles 
James  Napier,  G.C.B.  (of  whom  our 
October  Magazine  contained  a  long  me- 
moir), being  the  seventh  son  of  the  Hon. 
George  Napier  (sixth  son  of  Francis  6th 
Lord  Napier),  by  his  second  marriage  with 
I^dy  Sarah  Lennox,  seventh  daughter  of 
Charles  second  Duke  of  Richmond  and 
Lennox,  K.G. 

He  entered  the  Royal  Naval  Academy, 
May  5,  1803,  and  embarked,  Sept.  20, 
1806,  as  first-class  volunteer  on  board  the 
Spencer  74,  in  which,  after  visiting  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  he  served  in  the  ex« 
pedition  against  Copenhagen,  and  assisted 
in  the  destruction  of  Fleckeroe  castle,  on 
the  coast  of  Norway.  From  Dec.  1808 
until  Sept  1811  he  served  in  the  East 
Indies  on  board  the  Clorinda  38,  Russell 
74,  and  Diomede  50,  and  in  the  last  was 
ordered  to  act  as  Lieutenant  Oct.  31, 
1809f  and  promoted  by  commission  to 
that  rank  May  4,  1810.  In  the  course 
of  1812-13  he  served  in  the  Chatham  74, 
Minerva  33,  and  Nymph  38,  on  the  North 
Sea  and  North  American  stations.  He 
was  promoted  to  the  command  of  the 
Goree  18,  at  Bermuda,  June  7, 1814, and, 
having  soon  after  removed  to  the  Rifleman 
1 8,  was  for  a  considerable  time  entrusted 
with  the  charge  of  the  trade  in  the  bay  of 
Fundy.  In  Aug.  1815  he  went  on  half- 
pay,  having  previously,  from  private  mo- 
tives, declined  accepting  a  piece  of  plate 
which  had  been  voted  to  him  for  his  care 
in  the  conduct  of  convoys  between  the 
port  of  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick,  and 
Castine. 

On  the  23d  Jan.  1821,  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Jaseur  18,  on  the  Halifax  station, 
whence  he  returned  in  July  1823.  In 
1826  he  commanded,  for  a  brief  period, 
the  Pelorus  18,  lying  at  Plymouth.  He 
attained  post  rank  on  the  3lBt  Dec.  1830. 

Captain  Napier  married,  Nov.  17 1  1823, 
Caroline-Bennet,  a  natural  daughter  of 
Charles  third  Duke  of  Richmond,  and  by 
that  lady,  who  died  at  Florence,  Sept.  5, 


1836,  he  had  issue  three  children,  Augusta- 
Sarah,  Charles  -  George,  and  Richard- 
Henry. 

Captain  William  Gregory,  R.E. 

Ntw.  ...  At  Woolwich,  Capt.  William 
Gregory,  R.E. 

He  was  a  brother  of  the  late  Hon.  John 
Gregory,  who  died  a  few  months  ago,  while 
Governor  of  the  Bahamas.  Both  these 
gentlemen  were  natives  of  Canterbury,  sons 
of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gregory,  of  the  Green 
Court  Precincts,  and  received  their  edu- 
cation at  the  King's  School. 

He  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant  in  the 
Royal  Engineers  in  1813,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  Captain  in  1831.  He  served  six 
years  in  Canada,  where  he  was  frost-bitten, 
and  lost  part  of  his  toes.  He  served  in 
Barbados  from  1826  to  1831,  and  while 
on  the  passage  to  that  station,  in  the  com- 
mand of  the  3d  company  of  Sappers  and 
Miners,  in  the  Shipley  transport  ship,  he 
was  wrecked  on  April  19  •  1826,  on  the 
Cobbler's  Rocks,  near  Kitridge  Head.  On 
that  occason  he  was  the  last  person  on 
board,  and  saw  every  man,  woman,  and 
child  safely  carried  to  the  rocks,  which  was 
effected  through  his  cool  and  judicious 
arrangements,  and  in  a  few  minutes  after 
he  quitted  the  vessel  she  became  a  total 
wreck.  H6  went  to  Ceylon  in  1834,  where 
he  remained  nearly  nine  years.  On  his  re- 
turn to  England  his  health  gave  way  to 
the  effect  of  the  climates  in  which  he  had 
served,  and  he  has  ever  since  been  unable 
to  leave  his  room  without  assistance.  Dur- 
ing his  military  service  he  had  been  ac- 
tively employed  in  superintending  several 
important  works,  both  at  home  and  abroad. 

Captain  Norris,  R.N. 

Nov.  2G.  At  his  residence,  in  Exeter, 
Captain  Norris,  of  the  Royal  Marines. 

This  gallant  officer  joined  the  Royal 
Marines  as  Second  Lieutenant  early  in 
the  late  war,  and  served  with  distinction 
in  many  of  its  hard-fought  and  brilliant 
actions.  He  was  present  at  the  attack 
and  capture  of  Guadaloupe  in  1810,  at  the 
storming  and  capture  of  St.  Sebastian  in 
1813,  in  the  battle  of  Algiers  in  1816,  and 
at  Navarino  in  1827.  He  was  awarded  a 
medal  with  four  clasps,  and  having  been 
severely  wounded,  and  his  health  declin- 
ing, he  was  reluctantly  compelled  to  retire 
on  half*pay.  He  was  much  and  deservedly 
esteemed  by  his  brother  officers,  and  in 
him  the  poor  of  Exeter  have  lost  a  kind 
friend.  For  many  years  he  had  devoted 
to  them  a  considerable  part  of  his  income, 
and  he  has  bequeathed  the  following  sums 
to  the  charities  of  Exeter.  The  Female 
Penitentiary,  400/.;  the  Refuge  for  Pri- 
soners discharged  from  the  Devon  County 


^; 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Bickham  Bscoti,  Esq. 


91 


Gaol,  400/.  ;  St.  Katharine's  Almshouses, 
Katharine-street,  500/. ;  Palmer's  Alms- 
houses, Magdalen  -  street,  400/. ;  Leth- 
bridge's  Almshouse,  James' -street,  200/. 
He  also  directed  that  the  twenty-five  poor 
old  women,  occupants  of  the  above  toree 
almshouses,  should  receive  mourning  to 
the  amount  of  30s,  each.  The  200/.  to 
Lethbridge's  Almshouses  is  to  be  paid 
free  of  legacy  duty,  and,  should  any  sur- 
plus remain  after  payment  of  the  specific 
legacies  given  by  the  will,  Lethbridge's 
Almshouses  will  receive  further  benefit. 


Bickham  Escott,  Esq. 

Nov.  4.  At  Hartrow  Manor,  Somer- 
setshire, in  his  52d  year,  Bickham  Escott, 
esq.  barrister- at- law,  and  a  county  magis- 
trate; formerly  M.P.  for  Winchester. 

This  gentleman  was  the  son  of  the  Rev. 
Bickham  Escott,  of  Hartrow. 

Perhaps  there  are  few  men  now  upon 
the  political  arena  who  entered  more  ener- 
getically or  more  keenly  into  the  parlia- 
mentary contests  of  the  last  twenty  years; 
certainly  none,  who  entering  into  them, 
met  witli  so  little  success.  In  May  1 833, 
Sir  John  Cam  Hobhouse  having  resigned 
his  seat  for  Westminster  (in  consequence 
of  not  being  able  as  a  minister  to  redeem 
bis  pledge  for  the  repeal  of  the  house  and 
window  taxes),  Mr.  Bickham  Escott  be- 
came a  candidate  for  that  city,  in  oppo- 
sition to  Colonel  De  Lacy  Evans.  He 
was  proposed  by  Dr.  Golding,  and  seconded 
by  Mr.  Dundas.  Colonel  Evans,  in  answer 
to  Mr.  Wakley,  promised  to  vote  for  the 
repeal  of  the  Septennial  Act,  for  the  repeal 
of  the  Com  Laws,  and  for  Vote  by  Ballot. 
Mr.  Escott  would  not  bind  himself  by  any 
pledges.  The  result  of  this  contest  was 
as  follows  : — for  Colonel  De  Lacy  Evans, 
2027;  Sir  John  Hobhouse,  1855  ;  Bickham 
Escott,  esq.  738.  At  the  General  Election 
in  1837  Mr.  Estcott  unsuccessfully  con- 
tested Winchester,  the  numbers  being  for 
James  BuUer  East,  esq.  258  ;  P.  St.  John 
Mildmay,  esq.  242  ;  Bickham  Escott,  esq. 
216.  Four  years  afterwards,  however,  at 
the  election  of  1841,  he  attained  the  ob- 
ject of  his  ambition,  beating  Mr.  R.  B. 
Crowder  by  above  a  hundred  votes,  the 
numbers  being — James  BuUer  East,  esq. 
320 ;  Bickham  Escott,  esq.  292  ;  R.  B. 
Crowder,  esq.  191  ;  F.  Pigott,  esq.  166. 
During  this  period  his  politics  underwent 
a  change.  On  presenting  himself  to  the 
electors  in  1847,  in  the  character  of  a 
Liberal  Conservative,  he  was  defeated  by 
the  Protectionist  interest,  in  the  person  of 
his  former  coliengue  Sir  J.  H.  East,  who 
polled  315  lo  Mr.  Kscott's  234 ;  Mr. 
Bonliam  Carter  (Liberal)  lieaUiug  the  poll 
with  336  votes.  Defeated  here,  Mr.  Es- 
cott turned  to  a  higher  prize,  which  his 


local  claims  should  have  obtained  him — 
a  seat  for  West  Somerset,  where,  as  an 
active  magistrate,  he  commanded  respect 
without  however  carrying  influence.  At 
that  period  party  fury  was  at  its  highest 
pitch ;  the  qualifications  of  men  were 
utterly  disregarded  ;  and  to  secure  success 
with  an  agricultural  constituency  it  was 
requisite  that  the  candidate  should  tie 
himself  neck  and  heels  to  the  system  of 
Protection.  Mr.  Escott  started  as  an 
independent  candidate  against  the  nomi- 
nees of  a  political  club,  which  had  been 
long  actively  and  secretly  working  on  the 
prejudices  of  the  landed  interest.  The 
result  of  the  poll  was — C.  A.  Moody,  esq. 
3603;  Sir  A.  Hood,  3311;  the  Hon. 
Philip  Bouverie,  2783  ;  Bickham  Escott, 
esq.  2624.  At  too  late  a  period  to 
be  effective,  Mr.  Escott  coalesced  with 
Mr.  Bouverie,  and,  considering  the  odds 
against  him,  fought  a  gallant  battle. 
With  better  arrangements  it  is  believed 
that  the  result  of  the  election  would 
have  been  different  from  what  it  was ; 
and  that  if  Mr.  Escott  had  come  for- 
ward again,  after  the  excitement  of  1847 
had  passed  away,  be  would  have  died 
a  member  for  the  Western  division  of 
Somerset.  In  the  August  of  the  following 
year,  however,  he  turned  aside  to  Chelten- 
ham, on  the  disqualification  of  Mr.  Craven 
Berkeley,  boldly  challenging  the  Berkeley 
interest,  and  polled  835  votes  against  Mr. 
Grenvilie  Berkeley's  986.  His  last  essay 
was  at  Plymouth,  at  the  late  general  elec- 
tion, and,  considering  the  exposures  which 
have  been  made  of  that  affair,  it  will  not 
be  wondered  at  that  Mr.  Escott,  standing 
on  independent  principles,  was  at  the  foot 
of  the  poll.  His  votes  numbered  only  372, 
whilst  Mr.  Braine  polled  906,  Mr.  Collier 
1004,  and  Mr.  Mare  1036.  In  the  result 
of  this  election  we  see  at  once  Mr.  Escott's 
character  and  his  general  unsuccess.  He 
harangued  large  meetings  with  great  effect 
(for  he  was  an  accomplished  orator)  ;  with 
the  people  he  was  an  immense  favourite, 
but  he  was  too  independent  to  bear  the 
shackles  of  either  party,  and  too  honest 
to  resort  to  illegal  methods  of  securing  an 
election.  He  spoke  from  the  heart,  un- 
daunted by  opposition,  and  his  fearless 
attacks  upon  the  Fee  system  in  Somerset- 
shire, and  his  manly  addresses  to  the 
farmers  at  the  Ilminster  and  other  Agri- 
cultural Societies,  will  long  bear  testimony 
to  the  honesty  and  frankness  of  his  dispo- 
sition. His  last  public  appearance  was  in 
January  last,  when,  in  a  most  eloquent 
oration  at  the  Somerset  County  Meeting, 
he  supported  the  proposition  for  restoriui; 
the  Wellington  monument. 

Mr.  Escott  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer 
of  the  fine  arts,  possessing  a  fine  taste  and 


92 


Obituary.— T'.  Ponton,  Esq. —  W.  Gardiner,  Esq,       [Jan. 


bkilful  talent  in  the  use  of  the  pencil.  To 
the  ardour  of  his  passion  for  the  art,  it  is 
thought,  may  he  ascrihed  the  unexpected 
close  of  his  energetic  life.  Intent  on 
sketching  an  attractive  landscape  feature, 
near  his  residence,  he  incautiously  ex- 
tended himself  on  the  damp  ground,  which 
occasioned  indisposition,  ultimately  termi- 
nating in  typhus  fever  and  death. 


Thomas  Ponton,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

April  13.  In  Hill-street,  Berkeley- 
square,  aged  73,  Thomas  Ponton,  esq. 
M.A.  F.S.A. 

Mr.  Ponton  was  a  member  of  Brasenose 
colhge,  Oxford,  where  he  was  created  M.A. 
on  the  28th  March,  1800.  He  was  called 
to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  Lincoln^s 
Inn.  April  26,  1804. 

Mr.  Ponton  was  the  possessor  of  a  very 
beautiful  library,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Roxburghe  Club.  It  ori- 
ginally consisted  of  thirty-one  members, 
of  whom  the  only  present  survivors  are  the 
Dukrs  of  Devonshire  and  Sutherland,  Mr. 
Markland,  and  Mr.  Uttereon  :  the  two 
latter  gentlemen  have  resigned.  Mr.  Pon- 
ton presented  to  the  members  of  the  Club 
in  1819  a  reprint  of  "  Le  Morte  Arthur. 
The  Adventures  of  Sir  Launcelot  du  Lake.^' 
During  the  greater  part  of  his  life  he  took 
a  warm  interest  in  the  affairs  of  Christ's 
Hospital,  of  which  noble  institution  he  was 
an  active  Governor. 


William  Gardineb,  Esq. 

Nov,  1 G.  At  Leicester,  in  his  84th  year, 
William  Gardiner,  esq.  a  member  of  the 
Academy  of  St.  Cecilia  at  Rome,  and  of 
the  class  of  Fine  Arts  of  the  Historical 
Institute  of  France,  author  of  "  Music 
and  Friends.*' 

We  so  recently  noticed  the  third  volume 
of  that  work,*  that  our  readers  must  have 
many  pleasant  recollections  of  this  intelli- 
gent and  agreeable  representative  of  the 
past  age. 

Mr.  Gardiner  was  bom  in  Leicester  in 
March,  1770,  and  was  the  only  son  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Gardiner,  a  manufacturer  in  Lei- 
cester. His  father  being  a  dissenter,  and 
leader  of  the  choir  at  the  Great  Meeting, 
young  Gardiner  was  early  familiar  with 
musical  performances  and  musical  persons. 
His  first  recollection  dated  back  in  the 
period  when  only  two  years  old  be  was 

Sicified  with  the  chimes  of  a  musical  clock, 
is  father's  neighbour.  Dr.  Arnold,  had 
noticed  the  child's  nanj^cen  suit,  and 
wished  to  have  it  tried  on  young  Arnold. 
Meanwhile,  young  Gardiner  was  stripped, 


^  In  our  Magazine  for  July,  1853, 


and  Mrs.  Macaulay  (the  sister  to  Mr. 
Arnold,  and  afterwards  the  authoress), 
being  in  her  chamber,  the  indignant  boy 
was  taken  to  her  bed,  and  soothed  with 
the  tones  of  the  musical  clock.  The  chimes 
so  delighted  the  infant  musician  that  Mr. 
Gardiner  always  considered  this  incident 
first  awakened  his  attention  to  the  beauty 
of  musical  sounds.  In  a  few  years  after 
this  a  grand  music  meeting  took  place  in 
Leicester,  under  the  auspices  of  Mr.  Cra- 
dock,  of  Gumley,  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Leicester  Infirmary  ;  and  on  this  occasion 
young  Gardiner  was  taken  into  the  or- 
chestra of  St.  Martin's  church  by  his 
father.  On  the  evening  of  the  same  day 
he  heard  the  "  full  and  prolonged  tones 
of  Giardini*s  violin,"  at  a  concert  held  in 
the  Castle.  At  five  or  six  years  of  age  he 
was  set  upon  a  seat  in  the  Great  Meeting 
and  sang  the  solo  in  Knapp's  Wedding 
Anthem,  on  the  nuptials  of  some  of  his 
father's  acquaintance  ;  and,  when  very 
young,  he  was  a  performer  on  the  viola 
and  the  piano.  At  the  conclusion  of  the 
American  war,  on  the  return  of  the  militia 
to  Leicester,  he  was  delighted  to  hear  the 
band  play  at  the  evening  parade,  and  then 
bis  youthful  ambition  prompted  him  to 
make  his  first  essay  at  musical  composi- 
tion, by  writing  a  march  and  quickstep  for 
them  to  perform.  These  were  presented 
to  the  master  as  the  composition  of  an- 
other, and  the  juvenile  composer  had  the 
gratification  of  standing  in  the  outer  ring 
of  persons  encircling  the  band  in  the  mar- 
ket-place to  hear  the  performance  of  his 
own  first  work,  which,  he  says,  filled  him 
with  a  secret  pride,  and  was  the  com- 
mencement of  his  pursuit  of  an  art  which 
occupied  the  leisure  hours  of  a  long  life. 

Mr.  Gardiner  had  but  scanty  education. 
On  leaving  a  dame  school,  kept  by  a  Mrs. 
Loseby,  he  was  entrusted  to  Mr.  Carrick, 
then  the  sole  instructor  of  "  Young  Lei- 
cester,'* who  taught  little  more  than  writ- 
ing and  the  first  rules  of  arithmetic.  But 
his  father's  dcquaintances  were  men  of 
talent,  and  he  was  allowed  to  listen  to 
their  conversation,  and  to  ask  them  ques- 
tions, which  thus  at  once  prompted  and 
satisfied  his  love  of  knowledge.  A  very 
slight  amount  of  teaching  in  Latin  and 
Greek,  completed  his  scholastic  course. 
The  circle  of  which  he  was  a  member  was, 
however,  intellectual  in  its  tastes,  and, 
though  limited  in  numbers,  they  were 
ardent  votaries  of  science  and  literature. 

At  this  time  a  stranger  came  to  Lei* 
cester,  who  very  soon  drew  round  him  all 
these  young  spirits.  He  was  a  school, 
master,  and  being  conversant  with  the 
higher  branches  of  mathematict ,  and  pos* 
sessing  some  knowledge  of  astronomy  and 
electricity,  he  became  the  leader  of  thia 


1854.] 


O  u  I T  u A  R Y . —  William  Gardiner,  Esq, 


93 


scientific  coterie.  This  stranger  was  after- 
wards Sir  Richard  Phillips »  a  well-known 
publisher  in  London  ;  and  the  band  of 
yoang  philosophers  constituted  themselves 
into  the  Adelphi  Philosophical  Society. 
Among  them  were,  besides  Gardiner  and 
Phillips,  Thomas  Lockwood,  the  late 
Thomas  Paget  (surgeon),  John  Coltman, 
junior,  Samuel  Coltman,  and  6.  Harley 
Vaughao.  Fourteen  out  of  the  seventeen 
members  were  minors.  Their  proceed- 
ings commenced  in  the  year  1789|  when 
Gardiner  was  nineteen  years  old  ;  and  he, 
and  Mr.  Phillips  and  Mr.  Paget,  seem  to 
have  been  the  leading  minds  of  the  society, 
for  they  were  the  authors  of  its  principal 
papers.  Young  Gardiner's  contributions 
were  thus  headed: — "Whether  all  the 
Celestial  Bodies  naturally  attract  each 
other  ?  ** — "  What  are  those  bodies  called 
Comets  ?  ** — *•  On  Matter  and  its  proper- 
ties.** One  among  their  modes  of  pro- 
secuting scientific  inquiry,  we  are  told, 
was  the  fixing  of  an  electric  conductor 
over  Phillips's  house,  and  this  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  local  authorities.  At 
this  time  the  French  Revolution  broke 
out,  and  whether  it  was  that  the  mayor 
and  magistrates  suspected  the  young 
savans  of  being  illuminati,  or  that  there 
was  treason  in  electricity,  was  never  re- 
vealed ;  but  it  is  recorded  in  a  volume  of 
their  proceedings,  in  the  handwriting  of 
the  subject  of  this  notice,  that  the  society 
was  dissolved  in  the  year  1790,  the  "  con- 
stituted authorities  of  Leicester  having 
expressed  their  opinion  that  its  object  was 
of  a  dangerous  tendency  !  " 

Pursuits  of  a  less  suspicious  character 
were  still  open  to  Mr.  Gardiner,  and  the 
arrival  of  a  German  emigrant  in  Leicester, 
the  Abbe  Dobler,  chaplain  to  the  Elector 
Palatine,  gave  a  stimulus  to  his  musical 
tastes,  which  formed  an  era  in  his  life. 
A  **  rough  black-headed  boy,"  the  son  of 
an  innkeeper  at  Bonn,  had  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  Abb^,  while  in  Germany, 
by  his  striking  talent  for  music.  The 
Elector  placed  the  youth  under  Haydn  at 
Vienna.  This  youth  was  the  extraordinary 
musical  genius,  Beethoven  ;  and,  just  pre- 
vious to  the  Abb6*s  departure,  he  had 
published  his  violin  trio  in  e  flat,  which 
the  Abb<^  had  put  into  his  trunk,  with 
some  quartetts  of  Haydn  and  Wranisky. 
On  arriving  in  Leicester  he  made  Mr. 
Gardiner's  acquaintance,  and,  with  his 
assistance,  and  that  of  Mr.  Valentine,  the 
strains  of  Beethoven's  music  were  first 
heard  in  that  town  in  1794,  before  they 
were  known  in  the  metropolis.  Tliis  com- 
position (according  to  Mr.  Gardiner's  own 
statement)  opened  a  fresh  view  of  the 
musical  art,  in  which  sounds  were  made 
to  excite  the  imagination  entirely  in  a 


different  way,  raising  it,  without  the  aid  of 
words,  to  the  highest  regions  of  thought. 

Early  in  life  Mr.  Gardiner  entered  into 
business  as  assistant  to  Mr.  Coltman,  a 
warehouseman  of  hosiery  (the  staple  manu- 
facture of  Leicester),  and  who  was  also 
known  as  a  coin -collector.  In  the  conrse 
of  his  duties  he  visited  various  parts  of  the 
country,  and  formed -a  large  circle  of  ac- 
quaintances and  friends,  as  well  by  his 
conversational  as  his  musical  talents. 

Excited,  like  so  many  ardent  spirits  at 
the  time,  by  the  events  of  the  French  Re- 
volution, he  took  a  lively  interest  in  the 
startling  events  of  its  progress,  and  in  his 
Memoirs  has  dwelt  at  length  on  its  more 
remarkable  passages,  and  the  sentiments  to 
which  they  successively  gave  birth.  His 
sympathies  were  throughout  with  the  po- 
pular party ;  but  at  length,  like  all  im- 
partial witnesses,  he  was  compelled  to 
condemn  the  excesses  of  the  republicans. 
At  the  first  blush  of  peace  in  1802,  he 
hastened  to  visit  Paris,  where  he  en- 
countered Mr.  Stone,  to  whom  and  to 
Miss  Helen  Maria  Williams  he  had  letters 
of  introduction.  The  lady  kindly  took 
him  through  the  city,  and  pointed  out  to 
him  the  memorable  spots  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. He  was  furnished  with  a  letter  to 
General  Mortier  from  a  Mr.  Silvester,  of 
Manchester,  with  whom  the  General  had 
served  his  clerkship  as  a  merchant ;  and 
he  dined  with  that  personage  at  the  Etat 
Major — the  Horse  Guards  of  the  French 
metropolis,  in  company  with  Madame 
Mortier,  and  the  general  officers,  Menou, 
Soult,  and  Lefevre.  On  the  evening  of 
the  same  day  he  went  to  the  opera,  and 
there  saw  the  First  Consul,  Buonaparte, 
dressed  in  his  robes  of  scarlet  and  gold — 
a  spectacle  which  Mr.  Gardiner  declared 
to  be  magnificent.  In  Paris  also  he  visited 
Denon,  the  traveller  in  Egypt ;  Didot,  the 
inventor  of  stereotypy ;  and  Pleyel,  the 
composer,  whose  invitation  to  dine  he 
declined,  in  order  that  he  might  not  fail  to 
be  present  at  the  exhibition  of  the  water- 
works at  Versailles.  A  few  days  after  he 
was  present  at  the  Anniversary  Fete  of  the 
Revolution,  and  again  saw  the  First  Consul, 
then  in  his  33nd  year,  as  he  was  descend- 
ing the  grand  staircase  of  the  Salle  det 
Ambassadeurs,  Mr.  Gardiner  passed  his 
evenings  in  Paris  agreeably  at  the  toireef 
of  Miss  Williams,  where  he  met  a  vast 
variety  of  characters  and  personages ;  but 
his  visit  was  abruptly  brought  to  a  close,  by 
his  landlord  informing  him  that  an  oflScer 
of  the  police  had  been  with  him  to  say, 
that  a  gentleman  in  the  hotel  had  been 
making  free  remarks  upon  the  consul  and 
the  government,  and  had  ordered  the  land- 
lord to  admonish  his  guest  not  to  open  his 
lips  again  upon  politics  during  his  stay  in 


94 


Obituary.— fTi/Ziaw  Gardiner ^  Esq. 


[Jan. 


Paris.  This  induced  Mr.  Gardiner  to  pro- 
cure his  passport  and  leave  the  city  next 
morning. 

Mr.  Gardiner  commenced  authorship  in 
1812,  by  the  publication  of  the  first  volume 
of  his  "Sacred  Melodies:"  which  finally 
extended  to  six  volumes.  The  first  two 
contain  a  selection  of  the  most  beautiful 
melodies  of  modem  art  adapted  to  the 
words  of  the  best  English  poets,  and  in- 
tended to  form  a  more  elevated  system  of 
psalmody  than  any  in  use.  The  third 
volume  contains  the  finest  anthems  by 
English  authors,  together  with  many  duets 
and'  trios,  accommodated  to  female  voices. 
The  fourth  volume  is,  with  the  exception 
of  five  pieces,  entirely  modern  music,  taken 
from  the  masses  of  Haydn,  Moaart,  and 
Beethoven,  but  adapted  to  English  words. 
The  fifth  contains  a  selection  from  Ros- 
sini's oratorio  of  Moses  in  Egypt,  Haydn^s 
La  Tempests,  the  Abramo  of  Cimarosa, 
and  the  posthumous  works  of  Beethoven. 
The  last  volume  includes  the  remainder  of 
Moses  in  Egypt,  the  Leicester  Charity 
Ode,  by  Dr.  Boyce,  **  a  composition  that 
(in  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Gardiner)  has  never 
been  surpassed  by  any  author,  ancient  or 
modem;"  together  with  several  inedited 
pieces  by  Haydn  and  Beethoven. 

Mr.  Gardiner  also  compiled  an  entire 
oratorio,  the  subject  of  which  was  Judah. 
It  was  a  concerto  of  the  finest  choruses  of 
Haydn,  Mozart,  and  Beethoven,  with  por- 
tions from  some  other  classic  masters,  in- 
terspersed with  occasional  pieces  of  his 
own,  in  order  to  complete  his  design.  This 
was  published  uniformly  with  his  Sacred 
Melodies. 

The  Lives  of  Haydn  and  Mozart  were 
translated  for  him  by  the  Rev.  C.  Berry 
and  Mr.  R.  Brewin,  and  it  was  not  until 
after  he  had  incurred  the  expenses  of  paper 
and  printing,  that  he  proceeded  to  seek  for 
a  publisher.  So  well,  however,  had  he 
managed  the  technical  part  of  this  busi- 
ness, which  is  generally  a  dangerous  step 
with  authors,  that  Mr.  Murray  was  in- 
duced to  adopt  the  work,  and  even  to 
allow  him  a  moderate  profit  on  the  ex- 
penses incurred.  He  afterwards  offered 
his  new  and  more  original  work  to  Mur- 
ray, but  his  hands  were  then  full,  and 
it  was  accepted  by  Longmans.  This  was 
entitled  "  The  Music  of  Nature  ;  or,  an 
attempt  to  prove  that  what  is  passionate 
and  pleasing  in  the  art  of  Singing,  Speak- 
ing, and  Performing  on  Musical  Instru- 
ments, is  derived  from  the  sounds  of  the 
Animated  World,"  a  thick  8vo.  volume, 
published  in  1832. 

In  1838  Mr.  Gardiner  produced  two 
volumes  of  "  Music  and  Friends ;  or  Plea- 
sant Recollections  of  a  Dillettante ;"  to 
which  a  third  and  final  volame  was  added 


early  last  year.  For  an  account  of  this 
work,  which  is  composed  in  part  of  music 
as  well  as  gossip,  we  may  refer  to  the 
ample  reviews  and  extracts  which  we  made 
at  each  period  of  its  publication.  It 
abounds  not  merely  with  pleasant  anec- 
dotes of  many  persons  of  rank  and  dis- 
tinction to  whom  his  talents  made  him  a 
welcome  visitor,  but  also  with  incidental 
notices  of  most  of  the  great  notorieties  of 
his  age,  for  he  had  a  strong  predilection 
for  seeking  out,  so  far  as  his  opportunities 
allowed  him,  those  persons  as  well  as  those 
places  which  are  best  worthy  of  attention 
and  of  remembrance. 

Another  work  by  Mr.  Gardiner,  but 
which  we  have  not  seen,  was  the  result  of 
his  travels  in  Southern  Europe,  and  is  en- 
titled <<  Sights  in  Italy.''  Like  the  rest,  it 
is  interspersed  with  music ;  and  altogether, 
in  his  three  literary  works,  there  are  more 
than  fifty  songs  composed  by  himself, 
besides  many  more  that  he  "  improved  by 
cutting  out  old-fiEUshioned  flourishes  now 
obsolete." 

In  1848  h6' repaired  to  the  inauguration 
of  Beethoven's  statue  at  Bonn,  when  Prof. 
Walter  of  the  university  observed  that  an 
English  gentleman  was  present  who  was 
bom  in  the  same  year  with  Beethoven,  and 
who  was  the  first  person  who  introduced 
his  music  into  that  country.  He  proposed 
that  that  gentleman  should  affix  his  name 
to  a  parchment  about  to  be  deposited  be- 
neath the  statue.  "  I  ascended  the  steps 
of  the  pedestal,  and,  with  a  trembling  hand 
would  have  written  my  name ;  but  there 
was  scarcely  room.  There  was,  however,  a 
space  just  under  Victoria  and  Albert,  when 
all  and  one  cried  out,  *  Anglais  !  Anglais  !^ 
and  I  was  ordered  to  write  my  name  there 
— an  honour  I  could  never  have  expected, 
and  the  greatest  I  ever  received  in  my 
life.''  A  chapter  in  the  last  volume  of 
"  Music  and  Friends,"  contains  a  long 
account  of  this  ceremonial. 

Mr.  Gardiner  attained  his  personal  dis- 
tinction and  reputation  principally  by  his 
agreeable  talents  in  conversation.  He 
possessed  an  exuberance  of  spirits,  and  a 
vivacity  which  , rendered  him  generally 
acceptable  in  socictv.  For  many  years — 
indeed,  throughout  his  life,— his  company 
was  courted  by  those  much  higher  in 
station  than  himself,  who  were  amused  by 
hu  originality  and  informed  by  his  intelli- 
gence. With  the  natural  vanity  of  a  man 
in  great  measure  self-educated,  he  had  the 
infirmity  to  be  too  easily  flattered  by  the 
notice  of  distinguished  persons;  yet,  on 
the  other  hand,  he  was  always  kind  and 
attentive  to  humble  individuals  who  showed 
any  indications  of  talent  and  a  wish  to 
leara.  Though  possessed  of  an  inexhaus- 
tible fund  of  humour  and  anecdote,  his 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Mrs.  Opie. 


95 


wit  was  never  pointed  with  malice.  He 
was  often  wild  in  his  opinions,  and  extra- 
vagant in  his  remarks ;  but,  considering  the 
disadvantages  of  his  early  education,  the 
extent  of  his  information  was  really  sur- 
prising. His  observations  upon  the  va- 
rious papers  read  before  the  Literary  and 
Philosophical  Society  were  bright  and 
amusing,  though  eccentric,  and  the  au- 
dience were  always  pleased  to  see  him 
rise.  In  religious  matters  his  theories 
were  hx  too  free ;  but  he  was  regularly 
to  be  seen  in  the  corner  of  the  pew  of  the 
chapel  to  which  he  had  been  accustomed 
from  his  childhood.  In  politics  he  always 
professed  and  maintained  opinions  of  even 
extreme  liberal  complexion.  In  his  per- 
sonal habits  he  was  temperate  and  frugal, 
his  means  never  having  been  large,  and 
his  expenses  never  exceeding  his  means. 
His  familiar  form,  and  elastic  step,  as  he 
passed  along  the  streets  with  a  book  under 
his  arm,  will  long  be  remembered  by  the 
denizens  of  Leicester. 

Among  his  weaknesses  was  that  of  too 
great  confidence  in  his  physical  as  well  as 
bis  mental  energies.  He  never  walked 
with  a  stick,  and  depended  upon  regular 
exercise  and  attention  to  diet  for  exemp- 
tion from  all  diseases.  His  father  by  a 
similar  mode  of  life  (as  he  presumed)  had 
attained  the  age  of  ninety-four :  and  he 
himself  reckoned,  with  too  much  presump- 
tion, on  attaining  at  least  the  same  period 
of  longevity.  Contrary  to  the  experience 
of  all  mankind  from  the  days  of  the 
Psalmist,  he  gravely  maintained  the  doc- 
trine that  it  was  not  too  extravagant  to 
suppose  that  the  duration  of  human  life 
might  be  extended  by  his  own  '*  taking 
thought,*'  to  the  term  of  two  hundred 
or  even  a  thousand  years.  (Music  and 
Friends,  vol.  iii.  chap,  xlviii.) 

Little  more  than  a  week  before  his 
death,  he  was  seen  in  the  town,  walking 
in  his  customary  active  manner.  A  car- 
buncle broke  out  on  the  back  of  his  neck; 
and  in  four  days  after  he  had  lain  himself 
upon  his  bed,  he  was  a  corpse.  His  body 
was  interred  in  the  new  cemetery,  on 
Monday  the  21st  Nov.  The  mourners 
were  T.  Stokes,  esq.  of  New  Park,  R. 
Brewin,  esq.  of  Birstall,  Mr.  A.  Paget, 
end  Mr.  6.  Toller.  A  large  number  of 
the  congregation  of  Great  Meeting,  mem- 
bers of  the  Literary  and  Philosophical 
Society,  and  of  the  townsmen  generally 
were  present.  The  funeral  service  was 
conducted  by  the  Rev.  C.  Berry. 

Mrs.  Opib. 

Dee.  2.  At  her  residence,  Castle  Mea- 
dow, Norwich,  in  her  85th  year,  Mrs. 
Amelia  Opie. 

The  last  two  years  have  been  fatal  to 


some  of  the  most  ancient  among  the  lite- 
rary women  of  our  land.  Harriet  Lee,  one 
(and  the  principal)  of  the  authoresses  of 
The  Canterbury  Tales  ;  Mrs.  Sherwood, 
of  large  repute  in  what  is  usually  called 
*'the  religious  world;"  Miss  Berry,  the 
friend  of  Horace  Walpole ;  and  now,  with 
Amelia  Opie's  time-honoured  name,  must 
close  the  record  of  deaths  for  1853. 

Mrs.  Opie  was  the  daughter  of  Dr. 
James  Alderson,  of  Norwich  ;  the  name  is 
best  known  at  the  bar  and  on  the  bench* 
where  still  its  representative  is  sitting ; 
but  Dr.  Alderson  was  a  popular  physician 
in  his  day,  practising  during  his  whole 
medical  career  in  Norwich,  and  particularly 
noted  for  his  kindness  and  attention  to  the 
poorer  class  of  patients.  He  had  literary 
tastes,  and  was  a  great  politician  of  the  radi- 
cal— almost  revolutionary — kind.  Ame- 
lia's mother  dying  in  her  infancy,  she  was 
left  as  the  sole  charge  of  her  father.  It  is 
clear  that  he  greatly  endeared  himself  to  her. 
With  the  exception  of  her  nine  years  of 
married  life,  he  was  her  companion  during 
nearly  the  whole  of  their  joint  career :  for 
she  did  not  marry  till  the  age  of  twenty- 
nine,  and  returned  to  live  with  him  on  the 
death  of  her  husband.  It  cannot  truly  be 
said  that  Dr.  Alderson  gave  his  daughter 
the  beat  education  which  her  time  might 
have  afforded,  since  we  have  instances  at 
that  day  of  women  much  more  solidly  in- 
formed and  better  grounded,  who  thus  be- 
came less  tolerant  of  imperfection  in  writing 
and  reasoning,  and  far  less  likely  to  be  mis- 
led by  outward  shows.  What  may,  however, 
fairly  be  stated  is,  that  he  showed  his  value 
for  sterling  principle  and  solid  attainments, 
by  promoting,  as  far  as  possible,  her  in- 
tercourse with  a  woman  eminent  for  both — 
domestic  and  simple  in  her  habits,  while 
keen  in  her  appreciation  of  excellence  in 
literature  and  art.  Still,  here  was  a  young 
lady, — brilliant,  winning,  and  popular, — of 
delightful  disposition,  but  not  at  all  unam- 
bitious— loving  society,  and  early  its  dar- 
ling— what  wonder  was  it  if  her  wit,  her 
gaiety,  her  poetical  and  her  musical  powers, 
(united  as  these  last  were  in  song,)  carried 
the  day,  and  filled  that  ground  with  flowers 
which  might  otherwise  have  more  richly 
abounded  in  fruits?  Fruits,  however,  there 
were — rich  and  precious  ones. 

Amelia  Alderson,  besides  the  early  cul- 
tivation of  her  natural  powers  and  tastes, 
seems  to  have  thrown  herself  warmly  into 
her  father's  political  feelings.  Being  in 
London  at  that  stirring  time  (in  Nov. 
1794)  when  the  trials  of  Hardy,  Home 
Tooke,  &c.  were  going  on,  she  accompanied 
some  of  her  friends  to  the  law  court,  and 
wrote  daily  accounts  of  the  proceedings 
home.  Her  letters  are  well  remembered  by 
those  who  heard  or  read  them,  as  chroni- 


96 


Obituary. — Mrs.  Opie. 


[Jan. 


cling  in  the  liveliest  manner  the  exciting 
incidents  to  which  each  day  gave  rise.  One 
cannot  help  regretting  their  destruction ; 
but  Dr.  Alderson,  as  a  member  of  the 
Norwich  **  Corresponding  Society,"  al- 
ready lay  under  suspicion.  The  Habeas 
Corpus  Act  being  suspended,  no  man 
could  tell  how  soon  his  house  might  be 
entered  and  his  correspondence  examined. 
He  read  the  letters  therefore  only  at  the 
fireside  of  the  friends  with  whom  his  most 
intimate  hours  were  passed,  and  then  burnt 
them  all. 

We  pass  on  to  Miss  Alderson's  marriage 
in  1798,  when,  as  has  been  said,  she  was 
twenty-nine  years  of  age.  She  had  written 
before  that  time,  but  not,  we  believe,  for 
the  press ;  unless,  possibly,  occasional 
songs :  for  here  must  be  mentioned,  what 
always  appeared  to  us  her  true  vocation 
in  poetry,  song-writing.  Her  exquisite  ear 
made  her  intolerant  always  of  inharmoni- 
ous verse  ;  she  adapted  well :  the  single 
thought  or  emotion  of  a  song  was  often 
beautifully  rendered.  We  have  under- 
stood that  many  unpublished  proofs  of  her 
genius  in  this  department  have  been  seen 
by  private  friends.  She  sang  these  songs 
finely.  In  interpreting,  &c.  a  lyrical  ballad, 
it  would  not  have  been  easy  to  find  her 
equaL  There  might  be  a  slight  shade  of 
exaggeration;  but  she  felt  deeply,  and 
threw  herself  into  the  feeling  or  thought 
she  represented; — the  power  and  pathos 
were  rare  and  unquestionable. 

We  do  not  pretend  to  enter  on  the 
question  of  the  tuiiableness  of  her  mar- 
riage connection :  no  one,  at  least,  could 
question  her  faithful,  unremitting,  earnest 
endeavours  to  forward  the  objects  of 
Opie's  life,  nor  her  warm  sympathy  in  his 
pains  and  pleasures.  We  cannot  read  the 
memoir  prefixed  to  his  Lectures,  and  not 
feel  both  her  attachment  for  and  her  un- 
derstanding of  him.  It  is  known  that 
she  bore  meekly  with  his  occasional 
roughness  —  shed  the  light  of  her  own 
charming  temper  on  his  somewhat  moody, 
anxious  turn  of  mind ; — was  helper,  com- 
forter, inspirer,  nurse.  He  died  in  1807, 
and  she,  after  her  nine  years  of  wedded 
life,  returned  to  Norwich,  never  thence- 
forth to  quit  it,  as  a  home.  It  is  right 
to  add,  that  during  her  married  years 
her  pen  was  frequently  under  exercise; 
not  vdthout  need,  for  the  painting-room 
successes  were  not  such  as  to  place  her  at 
her  ease,  and  her  love  of  society  could 
not  be  indulged  without  expense.  Of  her 
works,  ''The  Father  and  Daughter,"  pub- 
lished in  1801,  is  perhaps  the  most  strik- 
ing. It  was  translated  and  dramatised, 
and,  as  the  opera  "  Agncse/'  with  Paer's 
music  and  Ambrogetti's  acting  and  sing- 
ing, it  willy  as  a  contemporary  says, 
12 


"  connect  Amelia  Opie's  name  with  opera 
so  long  as  the  chronicles  of  music  shall 
be  written."  More  feeble  writings  fol- 
lowed ;  in  fact,  she  wrote  too  rapidly, 
and  with  a  careless  pen  ;  yet  among  her 
tales  are  some  of  real  power — "  Murder 
will  Out"  and  "The  Ruffian  Boy,*'  in 
*'  Simple  Tales,"  rest  in  our  recollection 
with  haunting  force.  The  "  Odd -tem- 
pered Man,"  in  a  different  style,  is 
seriously,  deeply,  impressively  pathetic. 
"Temper,"  "St.  Valentine's  Day,"  and 
her  later  "  Illustrations  of  Lying  "  and 
"Detraction  Displayed"  seem  to  us  far 
inferior.  In  the  last  two,  particularly, 
the  mode  of  summing  up,  as  if  the  two 
vices  were  on  their  trial — as  if  the  result 
of  their  reasonable  condemnation  would 
bring  us  in  real  life  one  step  farther  from 
their  contaminating  influences — was  surely 
unworthy  of  one  acquainted  with  human 
nature. 

Mr.  Opie*s  death  brought  his  widow 
only  to  the  age  of  thirty-eight,  and  she 
lived  forty-seven  years  longer.  She 
might,  we  are  assured,  have  married  again, 
but  she  remained  as  she  was,  her  father's 
inmate — the  friend, — the  cheerful,  lively 
guest,  whose  conversational  and  musicid 
powers  were  always  welcome ;  who  was 
ever  "  a  friend  in  need."  Her  father  died 
after  a  long  decline,  during  which  she 
tended  and  norsed  him  with  devoted 
affection.  It  was  during  the  long  con- 
finement of  that  time  that  religious  im- 
pressions were  certainly  deepened  and 
strengthened  in  her  heart.  Her  father, 
till  then  apparently  not  much  accustomed 
to  converse  upon  these  subjects,  now 
found  pleasure,  advantage,  and  comfort  in 
his  long  conversations  with  the  late  Mr. 
J.  J.  Gurney,  and,  by  his  own  desire,  was 
interred  in  the  burial-ground  of  the 
Friends. 

Her  own  after  assumption  of  the 
Quaker  faith,  garb,  and  speech,  excited  at 
the  time  a  degree  of  surprise  and  clamour, 
which  at  this  day  appears  quite  dispro- 
portioned  to  the  occasion.  Brought  up 
and  baptized  among  Unitarians,  Mrs.  Opie 
had  been  for  a  long  time,  as  we  know  from 
her  own  authority,  verging  toward)),  and, 
finally,  a  convert  to  orthodox  views. 

"  The  choice  of  a  religious  community," 
she  observed,  "  in  my  own  mind,  only  then 
lay  between  the  Wesleyan  Methodists  and 
the  Friends ;"  but  in  the  former  she  had 
scarcely  a  connection — in  the  latter  many 
and  dear  associates.  It  was  therefore  the 
least  possible  wonder,  excepting  in  so  far 
as  her  lively,  joyous  tendencies  could  not 
but  appear  unsuited  to  to  the  outward 
costume.  Such  broad  contrasts  between 
past  and  present,  in  minor  matters,  are 
always  undesirable-ndways  more  or  less 


1854.] 


Obituary — Mr.  Samuel  Williams. 


101 


the  Lad]r*8  Diary  and  other  periodicals 
were  enriched  by  his  contributions.  Of 
kte  years  he  was  a  regular  contributor,  as 
far  as  his  health  permitted,  to  the  Cam** 
bridge  and  Dublin  Mathematical  Journal, 
and  his  papers  will  not  suffer  iyi  compa- 
rison with  those  of  the  first  mathematicians 
of  the  age,  by  whom  that  journal  is  sup- 
ported. Though  cut  off  in  the  flower  of 
bis  age,  he  had  written  much.  .  If  all  his 
papers  were  collected  (as  they  well  deserve 
to  be),  they  would  fill  an  octavo  vulume 
of  between  four  and  five  hundred  pages  of 
entirely  original  matter.  This  shows  what 
might  have  been  expected  from  him  had 
he  lived. 

Mr.  Weddle  was  not  a  mere  mathema- 
tician :  he  was  also  a  well-informed  man, 
with  a  fine  taste  for  polite  literature,  with 
which  he  was  well  acquainted,  and  in  which 
he  took  great  delight.  He  was  an  acute 
metaphysician,  and  reasoned  as  well  on 
other  subjects  as  he  did  in  his  favourite 
science.  In  every  relation  of  life  he  was 
good  and  amiable :  an  excellent  husband,  a 
generous  son,  and  a  faithful  friend ;  so  that 
those  who  knew  him  best  will  most  lament 
that  he  has  been  laid  in  an  early  grave. 

Mr.  Samuel  Williams. 

Sept,  19.  In  his  65th  year,  Mr. 
Samuel  Williams,  Engraver  on  Wood. 

Mr.  Williams  was  born,  on  the  23d 
Feb.  1788,  at  Colchester,  of  poor  but  re- 
spectable parents.  A  love  of  Art  came 
very  learly  on  him,  and  be  was  a  mere  boy 
when  he  determined  on  becoming  a  painter. 
He  soon  obtained  materials  for  carrying 
out  the  bent  of  his  ambition,  and  his  early 
easel  works,  if  the  pictures  of  a  boy  may 
be  honoured  with  such  a  name,  are  said 
to  display  all  that  observation  of  nature, 
animate  and  inanimate,  which  his  wood- 
cuts in  after  life  never  fail  to  suggest.  His 
boyish  efforts,  however,  did  not  procure 
him  employment  as  a  painter ;  and  he  was 
apprenticed  to  Mr.  Marsden,  a  printer  in 
Colchester.  During  his  apprenticeship  he 
taught  himself  to  etch  on  copper ;  and,  a 
few  proofs  of  woodcuts  from  a  work  en- 
titled '<  Charlton  Nesbit*' falling  into  his 
hands,  he  was  induced  to  try  his  skill  in 
drawing  on  wood  and  engraving  his  designs. 
He  pursued  this  art  without  any  encou- 
ragement from  his  master,  and  on  the  ter- 
mination of  his  apprenticeship  at  once 
entered  upon  it  as  his  sole  business.  His 
earliest  patron  was  Mr.  Crosby,  a  London 
publisher,  who  had  seen  some  of  his  boyish 
efforts,  and  who  promised  that,  if  he  ever 
came  to  London,  he  should  draw  and  en- 
grave a  **  Natural  History  **  for  him.  Mr. 
Crosby  kept  his  promise,  and  a  series  of 
300  cuts  was  given  into  the  hands  of  the 
then  untried  cooatry  artist* 


His  skill  in  design  recommended  him 
to  Messrs.  Harvey  and  Darton,  and  to 
other  publishers,  who  were  glad  to  have 
a  design  and  an  engraving  from  the  same 
hand  at  a  cheaper  rate  than  they  could 
get  them  when  the  engraver  was  not 
designer  too.  He  executed  in  this  way 
many  anonymous  engravings,  evincing 
skill  in  design  and  dexterity  in  the  nicer 
touches  of  his  art.  His  name  was  first 
known  beyond  the  little  region  of  bis  own 
business  by  some  carefully  engraved  illus- 
trations to  the  Tasso  of  Mr.  Wiffen,  from 
the  designs  of  Henry  Corbould.  He  de« 
signed  as  well  as  engraved  some  cbarac« 
teristic  designs  for  Whittingham's  edition 
of  Robinson  Crusoe ;  but  some  of  hit 
cleverest  works  were  those  he  produced 
for  Hone's  Every  Day  Book,  particularly 
a  series  of  the  Months.  Shortly  after,  he 
supplied  the  illustrations  to  The  Olio  and  ^ 
The  Parterre,  two  periodical  publications 
which  were  msde  very  attractive  by  these 
embellishments,  and  which  in  point  of 
vigour  and  character  may  be  considered  to 
have  led  the  way  in  the  modern  school  of 
drawing  on  wood.  Mr.  Williams  was  the 
first  to  give  to  periodical  literature  spirited 
and  good  illustrations  from  wood  blocks, 
a  plan  that  is  now  carried  out  to  so  very 
great  an  extent.  In  Mr.  Scrope*s  very 
interesting  volumes  on  Salmon-Fishing  and 
Deer-Stalking  are  several  exquisite  en- 
gravings by  Mr.  Williams,  of  whom  the 
author  speaks  in  high  terms  of  praise  in 
his  preface  to  the  third  edition  of  the  latter 
work.  Mr.  Williams  also  engraved  several 
blocks  for  Mr.  Britton,  which  have  served 
to  adorn  the  Cathedral  Antiquities,  the 
Picturesque  Antiquities  of  English  Cities, 
the  Union  of  Architecture,  Sculpture,  and 
Painting  (Mr.  Britton's  account  of  the 
Soane  Museum),  the  History  and  Anti- 
quities of  Cashiobury,  and  an  edition  of 
Anstey's  Bath  Guide;  as  well  as  the  works 
of  the  Wiltshire  Topographical  Society. 

So  much  was  Mr.  W.  engaged  in  design- 
ing and  drawing  upon  wood,  that  for  many 
years  the  pencil  was  much  more  in  hit 
hands  than  the  graver.  He  took  particular 
pleasure  in  the  delineation  of  rurid  scenery, 
such  as  may  be  seen  in  his  edition  of 
Thomson*8  Seasons,  but  his  figure  draw- 
ings were  also  not  inferior  to  those  of  any 
of  his  fellow  labourers.  His  industry  was 
equal  to  his  talents ;  but  in  consequence 
of  his  numerous  engagements,  he  was  un- 
able to  accomplish, — what  had  been  his 
chief  ambition,  more  than  a  few  paintings 
in  oil-colours. 

His  eldest  son,  Mr.  Joseph  Lionel  Wil- 
liams, has  been  his  able  and  efficient  assist' 
ant ;  but  has  now  quitted  this  department 
of  art,  which,  however,  is  still  pursued  by 
his  two  brothers. 


102     Obituary. — Mr.  Willes  Maddox. — Dr.  W.  R.  Bexfield,     [Jan. 


M^.  WiiiLEs  Maddox. 

LaMy.  At  Pera,  near  Constantinople, 
Mr.  Willes  Maddox. 

.  Mr.  Muddox  was  bom  at  Bath,  in  1813. 
In  his  early  life  his  talent  attracted  the 
attention  of  Mr.  Beckford,  of  Fonthill 
Abbey,  for  whom  he  executed  several  pic- 
tures of  a  high  historical  class,  and  in  a 
manner  far  from  unworthy  of  the  subjects. 
The  principal  were  the  Annunciation,  the 
Temptation  on  the  Mount,  and  Christ's 
Agony  in  the  Garden.  It  was  doubtless 
owing  to  his  association  with  Mr.  Beck- 
ford,  the  author  of  the  gorgeous  Oriental 
tale  of  '*  Yathek,"  that  the  artist  became 
interested  in  subjects  borrowed  from  East- 
ern life,  which  were  among  his  best  pic- 
tures, such  as  the  Snake  Charmers,  Ama 
FeUek,  the  Light  of  the  Mirror,  &c.  and 
his  portraits  of,  distinguished  Turks — 
Mehemed  Pacha,  the  Turkish  Ambassador, 
and  of  Halil  Aga  Risk  Allah,  &c.  It  was 
while  in  Turkey  for  the  purpose  of  paint- 
ing some  portraits  of  the  Sultan,  who  had 
sat  several  times  to  him,  that  a  fever  ter- 
minated his  life  after  a  very  short  illness. 
The  honour  awarded  to  Mr.  Maddox  by 
the  Sultan  was  one  which,  we  believe,  was 
never  before  accorded  to  a  European  artist. 

Among  his  principal  works  not  already 
lAentioned,  we  may  refer  to  his  Beatrice 
Cenci  seeking  protection  from  the  Count 
her  Father,  The  Golden  Age,  The  Conta-. 
dinl^s  Last  Home,  Naomi,  Ruth,  and 
Orpah.  The  portraits  by  Mr.  Maddox 
were  examples  of  trulhful  and  vigorous 
painting ;  of  which  those  of  the  Duke  and 
Duchess  of  Hamilton  were  most  favour- 
able specimens.  Bath  and  its  vicinity 
possess  many  of  his  best  works.  For  seve- 
ral years  past  he  was  a  constant  exhibitor 
at  the  Iloyal  Academy  and  the  British 
Institution. — Art  Joumai. 


W.  R.  Bexfibld,  Mus.  D. 

Nov,  5.  In  London,  in  his  30th  year, 
William  Richard  Bextield,  Mus.  D. 

He  was  bom  in  Norfolk  on  the  27th 
April,  18S4,  and,  at  seven  years  of  age, 
b^me  one  of  the  choristers  at  the  Cathe- 
dral. Whilst  there  his  unusual  musical 
abilities  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
organist,  Dr.  Buck.  At  the  age  of  eleven 
he  composed  an  anthem  in  eight  parts, 
which,  though  full  of  grammatical  errors, 
fully  satisfied  Dr.  Buck  that  he  possessed 
extraordinary  talents,  and  he  accordingly 
determined  to  educate  him  for  the  profes- 
sion of  music.  During  the  eight  years  be 
continued  a  member  of  the  choir  his  sing- 
ing attracted  the  admiration  of  everybody, 
and  his  voice  (including  a  range  of  nearly 
four  octaves),  though  not  equal  to  many 
others,  gave  so  mudi  expression  and  cha- 


racter to  every  thing  he  sung,  that  he  was 
a  favourite  chorister  for  some  years. 

At  seventeen  he  played   Baches  pedal 
fugues  with  effect  and   precision  ;    and, 
deeming  that  a  composer  should  be  expe- 
rimentally acquainted  with  every  instru- 
ment for  which  he  proposes  to  write,  he 
gave   a  portion   of  his  attention  to  the 
trombone,  trumpet,  and  even  the  drums 
(upon  all  of  which  he  performed  publicly 
at    the    Norwich    concerts),  and    subse- 
quently prosecuted  his  study  of  the  violin. 
On  the  expiration  of  his  articles  with  Dr. 
Buck,  being  then  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
he  was  elected,  from  among  many  com- 
petitors, organist  to  the  parish  church  of 
Boston,   remarkable    for  its   fine  organ. 
During  the  same  year  he  published  his 
eight  Chorals  for  Voices  and  Organ.     In 
the  same  year  (Nov.  26,  1846)  he  gradu- 
ated Mus.  Bac.  at  Oxford.     The  exercise 
which  he  made  on  taking  his  degree  con- 
tained a  strict  Canon  in  five  real  parts. 
On  this  occasion  he  received  an  unwonted 
testimonial,  in  a  letter  from  Dr.  Crotch, 
the  examiner,  complimenting  him  on  the 
merit  of  his  performance.    Since  this  event 
he  has  published  his  Concert  Fugues  for 
the  Organ.    These  were  played  during  the 
Great  Exhibition,  to  the  listening  thousands 
who  thronged  the  aisles  of  the  Palace  of 
Glass.     To   his   intense   practice,   during 
this  period  especially,  is  due  that  extra- 
ordinary power  of  improvisation,  in  which 
he  seems  scarcely  to  have  been  excelled 
by   any   living  performer.     In    1847   he 
composed  his  Six  Songs  (which  caused 
him  to  be  spoken  of  as  the  "  Poet  Musi- 
cian ^'),  and  the  following  year  he  won  a 
prize  for  a  church  anthem,  against  a  hodt 
of  competitors.     Renouncing  his  provin- 
cial engagement,   he  declared  himself  a 
candidate  for  the  post  of  organist  at  St. 
Helen's,  Bishopsgate.    In  this  contest  Mr. 
Vincent  Novello  decided  for  him,  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  rival  claims  of  no  less  than 
thirty'five  candidates.     It  is  worthy  of 
remark,  that  throughout  the  contest  he 
played  entirely  from  memory,  without  the 
aid  of  notes.     About  this  time  he  pub- 
lished a  collection  of  pieces  under  the  title 
of  Musica  di  Camera,  and  not  long  after- 
wards (at  the  age  of  twenty-four)  took  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of   Music.     We   next 
meet  with  him  as  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  Church  Anthems,  which  now  form  part 
of  the  sacred  repertoire  of  most  of  our 
cathedrals.     In  1850  he  married.     At  a 
rather  later  period  his  Death  of  Hector 
obtained  the  prize  of  ten  guineas,  offered 
by  the  Huddersfield   Glee  Club  for  die 
best  serious  glee.  Sir  H.  Bishop  being  the 
adjudicator. 

But  the  work  on  which  his  reputation 
will  mainly  depend  it  the  oratorio  of  Israel 


1854.] 


Obituary. — M,  Deppmg. — M.  Fontaine. 


108 


Restored y  which  he  has  on  two  occasions 
conducted  in  St.  Andrew's  Hall,  Norwich, 
once  on  its  first  introduction  at  the  Choral 
Society's  Concerts  in  Oct.  185 1 ,  and  again 
at  the  Musical  Festival  last  year.  This 
oratorio  has  been  performed  several  times 
since,  and  received  with  the  most  gratiiy- 
ing  expressions  of  public  approbation. 

Dr.  Bexfield  leaves  a  widow  and  two 
children  to  lament  the  loss  of  one  who,  in 
every  relation  of  life,  was  distinguished 
by  great  simplicity  of  manner  and  single- 
ness of  heart,  and  who  was  beloved  by  all 
who  had  even  the  slightest  acquaintance 
with  him.  He  had  for  some  considerable 
time  been  labouring  under  a  painful  in- 
ternal disorder,  which,  during  the  last  few 
weeks,  had  increased ;  but,  undervaluing 
the  assistance  to  be  derived  from  medical 
advice,  neglected  to  avail  himself  of  such 
aid  until  it  was  unfortunately  too  late  to 
be  of  any  service.  Dr.  "Williams  and  Dr. 
Rutledge  have  been  for  the  last  two  months 
in  attendance  upon  him ;  but  the  latter, 
who  was  first  called  in,  expressed  his  fears 
that  the  chronic  form  of  the  disease,  to 
which  he  had  been  for  years  subject,  could 
not  be  prevented  from  lapsing  into  inflam- 
mation of  the  lower  bowel,  of  which  he 
died. — Norfolk  Chronicle. 


M.  Deppinu. 

Lately.  In  his  70th  year,  M.  George 
Bernard  Deppiog,  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  France,  and  of 
that  of  the  Antiquaries  of  the  North  in 
Copenhagen,  and  of  many  other  literary 
societies. 

He  was  born  in  1734  at  Munster  in 
Westphalia ;  whence  he  removed  in  1803 
to  settle  at  Paris.  He  was  not,  however, 
naturalised  in  France  until  the  year  1827. 
His  profession  was  that  of  a  teacher  of  the 
German  language ;  but  his  more  engrossing 
occupation  consisted  in  the  production  of 
literary  works,  both  original  and  trans- 
lated, and  he  also  contributed  largely  to 
the  Biographic  Universelle,  the  Annates 
des  Voyages,  the  Magasin  Encyclopedique, 
and  other  periodical  publications .  Am  ong 
his  more  important  works  are  a  History 
of  Spain,  in  two  volumes,  1811 ;  a  History 
of  the  Maritime  Expeditions  of  the  Nor- 
mans, and  their  establishment  in  France 
in  the  tenth  century,  1826,  two  volumes 
8vo. ;  a  History  of  the  Commerce  between 
the  Levant  and  Europe  from  the  period 
of  the  Crusades  to  the  foundation  of  the 
American  Colonies,  1830  (for  which  he 
had  obtained  a  prize  from  the  Academic 
des  Inscriptions  et  Belles  Lettres  in  1828)  ; 
an  historical  essay  on  the  Jews  in  the 
Middle  Ages,  1834  ;  the  History  of  Nor- 
mandy under  William  the  Conqueror  and 
his  successors,  until  the  re-union  of  Nor- 


mandy to  the  kingdom  of  France,  1835, 
two  volumes  8vo. ;  and  Administrative 
Correspondence  under  Louis  XIV. 

He  also  edited  '*  L'Angleterre,  ou  De> 
scription  Historique  et  Topographique  dn 
Royaume  Uni  de  la  Grande  Bretagne," 
1823,  6  vols.  18mo.  Second  ediUon,  1827; 
a  volume  on  the  Manners  and  Customs  of 
all  nations,  forming  a  volume  of  PEocy- 
clopedie  Portative,  in  1826 ;  and  several 
geographical  works,  among  which  was  one 
on  Greece,  derived  in  great  measure  from 
that  by  Dodwell,  (1823,  4  vols.  18mo.), 
and  a  translation  from  the  English  of  Bel- 
zoni's  Travels  in  Egypt  and  Nubia,  1821. 

M.  Fontaine. 

Oct,  10.'  At  Paris,  in  his  90th  year, 
M.  Louis  Fontaine,  architect,  the  oldest 
member  of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts. 

In  conjunction  with  Percier  and  with 
Bernier,  he  directed  public  works  under 
the  sovereigns  who  reigned  over  France 
during  more  than  half  a  century, — from 
the  time  of  Napoleon  to  the  revolution  of 
1848.  Even  then  he  might  have  retained 
his  position  as  architect  at  the  palace  of 
the  Tuileries  under  the  Provisional  Govern- 
ment, but  he  declined  to  do  so. 

His  body  was  buried  at  P^re  la  Chaise 
with  great  honour.  A  large  number  of 
the  members  of  the  French  Institute,  the 
great  majority  of  the  architects,  sculptors, 
and  painters  of  Paris,  and  a  countless  body 
of  contractors  and  workmen  of  all  classes, 
followed  his  body  to  the  grave,  and  mani- 
fested their  regard  and  regret. 

At  his  grave  eulogies  were  pronounced 
by  M.  Lebas,  M.  Achille  Leclere,  M. 
(^uthier,  and  our  countryman  Mr.  Do- 
naldson, who  had  long  been  on  terms  of 
intimacy  with  the  departed  artist  The 
few  words  which  the  latter  addressed  to 
the  assembled  crowd,  in  their  own  lan- 
guage, appear  to  have  gratified  them. 
*•  Permit,'*  said  he,  **  an  English  architect 
to  place  a  leaf  of  laurel  on  the  tomb  of 
his  brother  Academician.  The  architects 
of  England — the  artists  of  all  Europe — 
will  learn  with  the  most  lively  regret  the 
cruel  loss  which  the  French  school  has. 
suffered.  A  probity  without  reproach,  a 
noble  sincerity,  and  frank  and  honourable 
conduct,  have  gained  for  M.  Fontaine  the 
esteem  of  several  sovereigns.  His  name 
will  ever  be  united  in  the  history  of  archi- 
tecture with  that  of  his  illustrious  col- 
league Percier.  These  two  friends  have 
guided  the  studies  of  the  youth  of  your 
country,  and  have  led  them  to  follow  a 
course  which  has  produced  for  France 
monuments  of  which  you  may  well  be 
proud,  since  all  Europe  admires  them. 
Honour  to  France  1  Honour  to  her  great 
men  1" 


104 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


Mr.  John  Saville  Faucit. 

Nov.  8.  At  the  house  of  a  widowed 
daughter,  residing  near  Bishopsgate,  Mr. 
John  Sayille  Faucit. 

Mr.  Faucit  was  one  of  the  old  school  of 
provincial  managers,  and  an  actor  of  no 
ordinary  talent.  He  was  husband  of  the 
celebrated  Mrs.  Faucit,  of  fhe  Theatres 
Royal,  and  father  of  Miss  Helen  Faucit 
(now  Mrs.  Martin),  Mr.  E.  F.  Saville,  a 
popular  actor  of  the  Surrey,  Mr.  Alfred 
Saville,  now  of  the  Victorit,  and  Mr.  J.  F. 
Saville,  the  Derby  and  Nottingham  ma- 
nager. He  was  for  many  years  manager 
of  several  theatres  in  Kent,  and  last  held 
public  office  in  the  treasury  at  the  City  of 
London  Theatre,  under  Messrs.  Johnson 
and  Nelson  Lee.  His  last  appearance 
upon  the  stage  was  a  few  weeks  since  at 
Margate,  in  The  Illustrious  Stranger,  for 
the  benefit  of  his  son,  E.  F.  Saville,  the 
present  manager.  As  an  author,  he  wrote 
some  successful  dramas,  the  most  popular 
of  which  were  The  Miller's  Maid,  and 
Wapping  Old  Stairs.  A  clever  historical 
serial,  called  The  Heads  of  the  Headless, 
was  also  from  his  pen. 


DEATHS, 

ARRANOBD  IN  CURONOLOQICAL  ORDER. 

May  1850.  While  vrith  an  exploring  party  to 
the  Great  Lake,  South  Afirica,  aged  25,  Alfred, 
fourth  flon  of  the  late  W.  Rider,  esq.  of  Albion-st. 
Hyde-park  and  Leamington  Spa.  He  died  of  fever 
at  the  native  town  of  the  Batonana,  1 ,600  miles 
firom  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

JtUy  1 1 ,  1853.  Treacherously  murdered  by  the 
natives  of  Tabou,  Western  Africa,  on  board  the 
schooner  Heroine,  of  which  he  was  commander, 
aged  39,  Capt.  Daniel  Cormack,  of  Wick ;  and  at 
the  same  time,  aged  25,  John  Graham  Jackson, 
only  son  of  the  late  John  Hongh  Jackson,  esq.  of 
Cambcrwell.  They  were  joint  owners  of  the 
vessel,  devoted  friends,  and  had  sailed  together  for 
many  years. 

S^.  7.  At  Castlcbar,  Ireland,  Mr.  Matthew 
Arclideacon,  author  of  Connaught  Hangers,  1798, 
an  historical  tale  in  one  volume;  Kverard,  an 
Irish  tale  of  the  19th  century,  in  2  vols.  1835 ; 
Legends  of  Connaught,  1839 ;  and  Shawn  na 
So^arth,  the  Priest  Hunter,  a  Tale  of  the  Penal 
Times,  1844,  one  vol.  He  died  in  destitute  cir- 
cumstances, leaving  four  orphan  children. 

Sept.  20.  At  Contai,  East  Indies,  aged  40,  Alex- 
ander t^dward  Brown,  esq.  of  Dowlutpore,  Tirhoot, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Alexander  Brown,  esq.  of 
Famham,  Surrey. 

Sept.  24.  At  Saugor,  Captain  George  CoUing- 
wood  Dickson,  23rd  M.L.I. ,  son  of  the  late  Adm. 
Sir  Archibald  Collingwood  Dickson,  Bart. 

Sept.  30.  At  Mcrciura,  Madras,  Margaretta- 
Sarah,  wife  of  Capt.  Gustard,  Superintendent  of 
Coorg,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Itev.  John  White, 
Vlcor  of  Exminster,  Devon. 

Oct.  3.  By  an  accidental  fall  from  his  horse,  at 
3fadnra,  Lieut.  William  Marley  Burrouglis,  2d  Ma- 
dras N.I. 

Oct.  4.  At  Bombay,  Socond-Lieut.  Thomas  Wil- 
liam Grahame,  Bombay  Art.  son  of  Archibald 
Grohame,  esq.  of  Great  George-st.  Westminster, 
and  Brigtiton. 

Oct.  6.  At  Kurkee,  Bombay,  Herbert  Taylor 
Dickinson,  only  son  of  the  late  John  Dickinson, 
esq.  solicitor,  of  New  Broad-street. 

13 


Oct.  6.  With  her  infimt  dau.  bom  Sept.  5,  by 
the  foundering  of  a  boat  on  the  bar  of  the  Bancoot 
river,  near  Bombay,  aged  25,  Mary-Sophia-Marcia, 
wife  of  Arthur  Malet,  esq.  Chief  Secretary  of 
Bombay,  and  third  dau.  of  J.  P.  WUloughby,  esq. 
late  Member  of  Council  at  that  Presidency. 

Oct.  13.  In  Mount-st.  Grosvenor-sq.  aged  77, 
Alicia,  wife  of  Lieut.  Hanagan ;  and  Nov.  10,  aged 
74,  Lieut.  Michael  Hanagan,  late  of  H.M.'s  8th 
(King's  Own)  Regt. 

Oct.  14.  At  Strathaven,  Demerara,  aged  52, 
George  Quayle,  esq.  late  of  Liverpool. 

Oct.  16.  At  Bermuda,  aged  30,  Capt.  George 
Scott  Hanson,  of  H.M.  56th  Regt.  third  son  of  C. 
Hanson,  esq.  of  Dorset-square. 

Oct.  25.  In  Demerara,  aged  18,  Antonia-Sophia, 
youngest  child  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Stephen 
Goodman,  C.B.,  K.H. 

Oct.  27.  At  Madeira,  aged  17,  Henry-Rowlatt, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Alex.  J.  D.  D'Orsey. 

At  Madeira,  George  John  Thomas,  esq.  of  Clif- 
ton, esq.  son  of  the  late  Capt.  J.  Thomas,  and 
grandson  of  the  late  Gen.  George  Dick,  E.I.C. 
service. 

Oct.  31 .  At  Douglas,  Isle  of  Man,  aged  65,  Capt. 
George  Hill,  formerly  of  the  88th  Regt. 

Nov.  2.  At  Horpnce,  Capt.  Robert  Napier  Kel- 
lett,  late  of  the  Royal  Highlanders,  nephew  of  Sir 
Richard  Kellet,  Bart. 

Ifov.  3.  At  Winchester,  aged  69,  John  Davidson, 
esq.  of  Shuwford,  near  that  city. 

At  Malta,  in  her  24th  year,  Charlotte  Hope,  only 
dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  the  Lord  Justice  Clerk  for 
Scotland. 

Nov.  5.  Drowned  when  bathing  in  the  sea,  when 
on  a  visit  to  Ardgillan  castle,  near  Balbriggan,the 
residence  of  Colonel  Taylor,  aged  32,  the  Right 
Hon.  Louisa  Augusta,  Lady  Langford.  She  was 
the  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  £dw.  Michael  Conolly, 
esq.  3I.P.  for  co.  Donegal  (cousin  to  the  Earl  of 
Longford),  by  Catharine-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  C.  B. 
Ponsonby-Barker,  esq.  was  married  to  Lord  Lang- 
ford  in  1846,  and  has  left  issue. 

Nov.  6.  In  Southampton,  aged  77,  Edward  Le- 
veson  Gower,  esq. 

At  Camden-town,  aged  67,  Ellen-Louisa,  wife  of 
Richard  M.  Whichelo,  Paymaster  R.N. 

At  Stratford-green,  aged  87,  George  C.  Wilson, 
esq. 

Nov.  7.  At  Needham  Market,  SuflTolk,  aged  43, 
Mary-Isabella,  wife  of  the  Rev.  G.  Alex.  Paske. 

Annie,  dan.  of  the  late  H.  J.  F.  Rose,  esq.  of 
Melton  House,  Northamptonshire. 

At  Matthew  Clark's,  esq.  Brompton  House,  Isle 
of  Thanet,  aged  5,  Charles  Herbert-Channey,  quly 
son  of  the  late  Charles  Senior,  esq. 

At  Mountsorrel,  aged  87,  Joseph  Shaw.  He  re- 
tained the  whole  of  his  faculties  to  the  last.  Ho 
has  left  living  four  children,  thirty-seven  grand- 
children, and  forty-two  great-grandchildren,  and 
about  twenty  have  died  previously. 

At  St.  Anne's,  Stockton-on-Tees,  aged  41,  I^oo- 
nard  H.  Wilkinson,  esq.  of  Lemon's-terr.  Stopney- 
green,  London,  youngest  and  only  surviving  bro- 
ther of  Rev.  J.  Wilkinson,  Incumbent  of  Redcar. 

Nov.  8.    At  Starcross,  aged  59,  Wm.  Ash,  esq. 

At  Coombe,  Penzance,  aged  79,  Maria,  wife  of 
Thomas  Bolithio,  eaq. 

At  St.  Leonard's-on-Sea,  Sarah-Matilda,  wife  of 
the  Marchese  Brancaleone,  of  Gubbio,  in  the  Roman 
States,  sister  of  Lord  Broughton,  G.C.B.  She  was 
one  of  the  daughters  of  Sir  Benj.  Hobhouse,  Bart, 
by  his  second  wife  Amelia,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Joshua  Parry ;  and  was  married  in  1827. 

At  Southsea,  Eliza,  wife  of  Thomas  Dawney, 
esq.  H.E.I.C.S.  and  dau.  of  the  late  SU*  William 
I'oxton,  of  Middleton  Hall,  Carmarthcnsliire. 

Maria,  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Joseph  Drake,  esq. 
of  Highgate. 

At  lieaufort-buildings  ^West,  aged  85,  Hannah, 
relict  of  Wm.  Dyke,  esq.  of  Woodborough,  Wilts. 

James,  son  of  Richard  Greenhalgh,  esq.  of  Carr 
Bank,  Mansfield.  His  funeral  took  place  on  the 
19tb,  when  «U  the  shops  and  pabUc  institattons  in 


18S4.] 


Obituary. 


105 


the  town  were  closed  in  respect  to  his  memory. 
Among  the  carriages  which  followed  were  those 
of  Sir  Edward  Walker,  G.  Walkden.  R.  Wright, 
and  E.  Bnnting,  esqrs.  On  reaching  Teversal,  the 
body  was  borne  to  the  gprave  by  some  of  tlie  work- 
men of  the  deceased. 

At  Brlghtstone,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  36,  W.  J. 
Lambert,  M.D.  of  Thirsk,  Yorkshire. 

At  Fareham,  aged  30,  Douglas  H.  Lawson,  esq. 

At  Henbory,  near  Bristol,  Martha-Lucy,  wi/e  of 
Thomas  Pease,  esq. 

At  Berwick-npon-Tweed,  aged  63,  Amelia-Mar- 
garet, wife  of  John  Pratt,  esq.  and  only  dau.  of  the 
late  Lieut.-Col.  Forster. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  54,  Selina,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  late  Peter  Still,  esq.  of  Devonshire-pl.  and 
Lincoln's-inn. 

Very  suddenly,  at  his  residence.  Linden-villa, 
Letherhead,  Surriey,  Tobias  Walker  Sturge,  esq. 
late  of  Bensham  House,  Broad-green,  Croydon. 
His  remains  were  brought  to  Dorking  in  a  hearse 
followed  by  ten  carriagee,  and  interred  in  ttie 
burying  ground  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  Dork- 
ing. 

At  Cheltenham,  at  an  advanced  age,  Everilda, 
widow  of  Joshua  Williams,  esq.  of  Perridge  House, 
near  Exeter. 

Nov.  9.  At  Malrem-pl.  Bedminster,  aged  44, 
Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Ensign  Heiuy  Bowen, 
of  the  3rd  Royal  Veteran  Battalion. 

At  Kirkella,  near  Hull,  aged  72,  Anne-Eliza- 
beth, widow  of  J.  Broadley,  esq. 

At  Sowdon-yilla,  Lympstone,  Thomas  Harbottle, 
^q.  late  of  Manchester. 

At  Harrow-on-the-hlll,  aged  49,  Richard  Orford 
Holte,  esq. 

At  the  Royal  Hospital,  Haslar,  aged  47,  Lieut. 
B.  Jeffery,  R.N. 

In  Cadogan-pl.  Louisa,  only  surviving  dau.  of 
the  late'Capt.  John  Maude,  R.N. 

At  her  mother's  residence,  Queen's-road,  St. 
John's-wood,  Emily  FitzRoy,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Henry  Palmer,  of  Oare  rectory,  Sussex. 

At  the  house  of  her  brother,  H.  Vincent,  esq. 
Ripley,  Surrey,  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Robert  Vincent,  esq.  of  South  Mimms. 

In  Lanadowne-crescent,  Kensington-park,  Anne, 
wife  of  Captain  Samuel  Wyatt,  R.  A. 

Nov.  10.    At  Alton,  aged  75,  James  Curtis,  esq. 

At  Margate,  aged  88,  James  Dalgety,  esq. 

At  Greatworth  Rectory,  aged  55,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  Rev.  H.  Dyke. 

At  Douglas,  James  Holmes,  esq.  banker,  brother 
of  the  late  Mr.  Alderman  John  Holmes,  of  Liver- 
pool, who  died  three  weeks  ago.  The  family  pro- 
perty, which  is  said  to  be  worth  500,0001.  has  been 
left  to  the  deceased's  two  grand-nieces. 

At  Kingston  Cross,  Portsca,  aged  78,  Sukey, 
relict  of  Henry  Sabine,  esq. 

At  Thames  Ditton,  Surrey,  Anne,  relict  of  the 
late  Henry  Salkeld,  esq. 

At  Crabble  House,  near  Dover,  Elizabeth- Wood, 
relict  of  Leonard  Smith,  esq. 

At  Ealing  Park,  aged  64,  William  Studley,  esq. 

At  Bancroft's  Hospital,  Stepney,  aged  34,  Eliza- 
beth-Esther, wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  J.  F.  Thomas. 

In  Portland-road,  aged  90,  Thos.Tomkison,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  80,  Evarilda,  relict  of 
Joehua  Williams,  esq.  late  of  Perridge  House, 
Devon. 

Nov.  11.  In  Charterhouse-sq.  Catherine,  wife 
of  Edward  Complin,  esq. 

At  Hastings,  aged  82,  Miss  Mary  Crouch. 

At  Cheshunt,  aged  42,  Julia,  third  dau.  of  the 
late  Edward  Harrold,  esq. 

At  Evesham,  aged  40,  Henry  Hiron,  esq. 

At  Pitfour  Castte,  Perthshire,  aged  46,  the  Right 
Hon.  Montagu  Lady  Panmure.  She  was  the  elder 
dan.  of  the  second  Lord  Abercromby,  by  the 
Hon.  Montagu  Dundas,  third  dau.  of  Henry  1st 
Viscount  Mdville ;  and  was  married  to  Lord  Pan- 
mure,  then  the  Hon.  Fox  Maule,  in  1831.  She 
leaves  no  issue. 

At  Berlin,  General  Radowitz. 

Gknt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


In  Westboume  Park-terrace,  aged  53,  Caroline- 
Hurry,  wife  of  Dr.  Sabine,  M.D. 

At  Emscote,  aged  75,  Mrs.  Tatnall,  wife  of  the 
former  gaoler  of  Warwick.  For  more  than  23  years 
she  made  great  exertion  for  the  reformation  of  the 
female  and  Juvenile  offenders  placed  under  her 
care.  Respecting  the  usefulness  of  her  career, 
the  late  Sir  Eardley  WUmot  wrote :  "  To  Mrs. 
Tatnall's  meritorious  exertions  while  she  superin- 
tended the  female  ward,  and  the  education  of  the 
boys  in  the  gaol  at  Warwick,  the  public  at  large, 
as  well  as  the  county  itself,  are  deeply  indebted. 
She  gave  the  first  impulse  to  that  system  of  prison 
discipline  which  has  been  attended  with  the  hap- 
piest effect." 

At  Coventry,  aged  78,  John  Twist,  esq.  an  emi- 
nent solicitor  of  that  city. 

John  Luke  Wetten,  esq.  of  Style  House,  near 
Kew,  and  Condult-st.  solicitor. 

Nov.  12.  At  Leicester,  aged  66,  Richard  Boyer, 
esq. 

At  Dalston,  Frances,  wife  of  Charles  Cairns,  of 
the  East  India  House. 

At  Salisbury,  aged  65,  Phoebe,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  Luke  Dillon,  Rector  of  Lytchett  Matraven, 
CO.  Dorset. 

In  Brompton-crescent,  Harriet,  widow  of  Ed- 
ward Du  Bois,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 

At  Lee  Park,  Blackheath,  aged  82,  Charles 
Francis,  esq. 

Aged  72,  William  Hutton,  esq.  of  Betham  House, 
Milnthorpe,  Westmerland. 

At  Edmonton,  at  an  advanced  agf ,  Mrs.  Eirk- 
patrick,  for  many  years  of  Hackney. 

At  Teeton  House,  near  Northampton,  aged  87, 
Thos.  Langton,  esq. 

At  Camborne,  aged  45,  Rich.  Lanyon,  esq.  M.D. 

At  Hastings,  Mr.  Robert  W.  Lewis,  solicitor,  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  John  Lewis,  Ingatestone. 

Aged  110,  Jane  Macbeatb,  a  pauper,  belonging 
to  Wick,  Caithness. 

At  Crouch-end  House,  Miss  Ann  Lobb. 

In  Somerset-st.  Portman-sq.  Mrs.  McClea,  of 
Addison-road,  Notting-hill,  relict  of  Peter  McClea, 
esq.  of  Belfast. 

Aged  11,  Arthur-Edward,  the  son  of  John  Car- 
nac  Morris,  esq.  of  Mansfleld-st. 

At  Thames  Ditton,  Anne,  relict  of  Henry  Sal* 
keld,  esq. 

At  Combe  Fishacre,  near  Newton  Abbot,  aged 
67,  John  Shepherd,  esq. 

At  Exeter,  aged  75,  Benjamin  Sparrow,  esq 
upwards  of  50  years  lime-stone  merchant  at  Cattle 
Down. 

Nov.  13.  Aged  79,  Edward  I'Anson,  esq.  of  Ox- 
ford-terrace, Hyde  Park,  and  sometime  of  Lau- 
rence Pountney-lane,  surveyor. 

At  Liverpool,  aged  69,  Major  Richard  Axford* 
Bengal  Army,  recruiting  oflScer  in  that  town  for 
the  Hon.  East  India  Company's  Service. 

At  Castle  Huntly,  Perthshire,  William  Dandson, 
esq.  late  of  Bombay  Artillery. 

Catherine,  dau.  of  tiie  late  Rev.  Anthony  Gray« 
son,  D.D.  IMncipal  of  St.  Edmund  Hall,  Oxford. 

At  Kingston-upon-Thames,  Fanny,  eldest  sur<« 
viving  dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Lee,  esq.  of  Tra- 
more  Lodge,  co.  Waterford,  and  Sidmouth. 

At  Dover,  aged  80,  Jane-Craig,  widow  of  Arthur 
Manclark,  esq.  of  Rochester. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  23,  Edward-Risdon,  only 
son  of  James  Vanhouse,  esq. 

At  LitUeton,  Middlesex,  aged  37,  Arthur  W. 
Wood,  esq.  son  of  Col.  Wood. 

Nov.  14.  At  Brighton ,  George  William  Aylmer, 
esq.  of  Upper  Grosvenor-st. 

Aged  66,  Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  James  Bour<« 
dUlon,  esq. 

By  suicide,  at  Cork,  Dr.  Bull,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  surgeons  of  that  city.  The  unfortunate 
gentleman  had  been  labouring  under  an  aberra- 
tion of  intellect  for  some  time  past ;  and,  though 
a  watch  was  kept  over  him,  he  managed  to  elude 
the  vigilance  of  those  employed  for  that  purpose, 
and  hanged  himself  to  a  tree  in  his  own  gwrdea 


106  Obituabt.  Uaa 

im.  AdluUni  Eugg,  jaDgiU>n-upau-Tl]uucB,*iial  »B,  Wm  Ci»pa. 

At  BbUi.  ucd  ST.  WUIODgbtir  Hucouit  Outer,  At  UiUiird  Udow,  iimt  Fnrjtnidga,  ana  M, 

uq.DfMeirPuk,  CO.  Dublin.  GU»-Aiiu,«lAi  uI  Btaj.  CrosUnil,  cu.  <>DiT>iir- 

"      -    -   -      ■        -     if  Robert  Ouaon,  ttn-  of  TMiifflim,  of  RichBnll'atkLBj.e*!.  Qfliweni-iq. 


_.         . .                             i>  ChUBpEBys,  BIT-  Htebolu  KibirliMy.    Shu  wm  tin  Uil»  Suoh 

Rcon.  vtioconunttlcd  loklde  by  tnlloHlnE  pmt-  FnslBrloi  CoroUos  Vllliin,  iLmKblcc  of  Uiopn- 

■Ic  acid.    Verdict. "  Tempocary  Iniuity."  sgnl  1^1  of  Jectey,  by  Lady  Sanh  boplil*  I-'us, 

At  ClidtenhsBi,  liy  a  (all  from  faU  gig,  by  dangliler  of  Jolm  tenth  Eul  of  WoIiDorelanil. 

irblch  lih  Bkull  n>  fractured.  Mr.  Cnwnu,  loa  Stafti  nunled  In  I81S  la  NlcUolai  EUvliur 

of  the  Ulo  FleWan  Cruome,  «i|.  banker,  of  Clten-  von  Galanlta*.  only  wn  of  Paul  AnCioaj'  PrlBce 

cester.  Eatorbaxy.  many  yeiri  linpdrlal  Amlwwutor  t4 

Agedfil.HattlHwDavlei.  eit.DCTan-y-bwlcb.  Grmt   Briuln;  ami   boa  laft  Mvnml  etaUdien. 

near  AbeiVBiwlth,  eldest  non  of  lbs  bit*  War-  Having  loITSrcd  fronl  i  Udloaa  decUDC,  af^ltav- 

Gen,  Daiieg.  and  lOi  M  yean  Haciatnte  anit  Ivgirlnl  (lie  baUia  of  Iwbl  and  Exu.  aha  vaaant 

Uejinty  Lieut,  for  CardlgaiublrB,  by  lier  phyiiclanilo  bar  natlte  country,  In  Uw 

At  beaiiiigtaD,  aged  il,Urg.8anl  Longman.  ban,  tliat  Ucr  luUlie  ail  mlglitatraal  Dig  progteas 

J^ged  29.  at  BcdllngtoD,  NorttaumtHilalld,  EU-  olitae  diseiaa.and  aflec  re^ng  (gr  lonie  tuDoUu 

iabeih-Selby,wlhof  KobertB.  l.angrMge,aaq.  at  HuUngi. waa, u  ■  final  toKaicD,  naia?ed  to 

At  Clifton,  aged  $H,  llatbcn  Munt,  an.  biM  of  Toniiiay. 

Beaumont,  CUnbont,  In  Uorj'^t.  BlooDUbury,  SuUn*,  sldair -' "'^ 

..  w,i.. i-i — ,,jj^_  Q^(    MewdiaatB  ney  Hall.  sngraTer. 

f  Kei.  S.  Poynti,  late  Al  Walniar,  UargaretU,  ■xile  of  Ruir-A. 


K.  Bg«d  M,  nannab,  wUt  of  Dr,  lubella.  yuniiRctl  dau.  of 

t.LL.Il.  of  Ceonler-lilll.NnrDniaa,  gonr,  atq.  at  Wobum-pl.  i 

olio,  aged  37.  Mr.  Ricbard  OSaid  Stoart,  dMoilUn. 

K.U.  iMii  TruUgar.  Id  Camden-lown,  aged  Ct 

Ml.    AtChatliam.aged  79,  D.  Bamea,  eaq.  eaq.  lateaftbe  TltbeOAca. 

Id  Windsor,  Berlia,  aged  W,  HIa  Harvey  At  Qreenwlcb,   aged    II, 


■      -■ -—it  of  UeBt.-< 


At  SlonclnniU,   Devon,   aged    b3,    Caddngtou  At  [Ifraconibe,   E 

Parr,  esq,  Deputy-I.leat.  a  Uaglatrals,  and  Hlgb      William  Henry  Nev._... 
(.....,«,... ^.,^.^..  Christiana,  Hlfs  of  Cbarlee  Wflaeld,  «aq. 


"aS'S 


aged  96.  Jameg  Ray,  eaq, 
.place,   Bci4iblre,  agM  6: 


u,  laU  Capl. 


)(  William  Rewler,  omi.  oI  Bw-      «»tli  Hegl. 
burst-park,  lliuili.  Al  Cheliea  College,  Alletta-Fnocea,  dd*H  i 
-.-      ..            ...         —jm^ia  -      ■■ 


,  Charlei,  Bevenlb  ion  of  Wra.  SIra-  rirtng  dan.  of  Cbarlea  Beiell,  eaq. 

Ablwll'i  Baiton.  near  Wlncbeiter.  At  Warceater.  aged  BO,  Fraooa  E1eii)lng.  alilair 

ir->l,  Kegent'a  Faik,  aged  M,  WU-  oftlie  Hev,  J.  F.  S.  Fleming  St.  Jalin,  IM>.  of 

a  smeaaia,  eiq.  of  Ibe  Oidoance  Office,  and  Warceater.    Sbe  vaa  tfao  only  dwi.  of  BIcbard 

hop  MWdlehain  Hall.  Durliam.  Flaming,  laq.  of  Wnmore,  co.  Heref.  ma  manled 

II  Albany-et,  Regenl'a  Park,  aged  8I>,  Ann-  In   I7II8.  and  left  a  widow  hi  1M3,  baying  bid 

.  esq.  of  Kentlih  town.  At  Clyst  St.  Lawreuct,  aged  71,  Hr.  Jobn  Snail, 

it  Katli,  aged  93,  M\a  Wllkhuon.  noniaii.    The  deceaaed  wai  tilgbly  respacltd  by 

f.  HanllDg  Wijglit.  eaq.  of  Uulldliird-iit.  uid  hla  fellow-parUdanan,  and  bad  flllod  la  tifty 

:...  .c      ..  >.„>.  ._.,...  .._  >. >. jj^  jj^  MMT-Anne.  wlie  of  J.  E.  Spalrowa, 

•aa.  aoUcllor,  of  Ipnlch. 
iftt.  la.    At  Camberwell-graen,  aged  K,  Gi- 

Biq.  oi  Damea.  ^^nrrey.  mual  Gtoad.  eaq. 

Al  Clielaea,  aged  aa,  John  Cheelbam.  gent.  At  Itrlgbfam,  Fredeilca,  gUeal  dau.  of  Frtd*- 

Agcd  78,  taboUa.  wife  of  Henry  Thomaa  Dun-  rick  Howard  ColUna,  aaq. 

Met,  of  Tottenbam.  In  the  Iile  of  Thviet,aged  91.  Jamei  Dalaetr. 

At  Concord,  Uaaiacbntetta,  hi  her  84Uijear,  eaq.  of  Ualgety  Caalle,  N.B. 


Cokliestn,  aged  1),  Loulaa,  wife  of  the 

Ret.  T.  W,  David),  elleat  dan.  of  Bobert  Wlntn, 
eaq,  of  BadSinr-row, 

AgedM  -- 


tt  ]'ecUiain.aged99,lIn,PTna.  Al  Boln-bUI,  Hi 

I-..,.  ,„  ^^...^.  ' —- tnBBcoyeil,aaot.cadBt      lataWm.  Hlcholaiin, 


College,  Sandhunt,  £th  aoo  of  At  TanDeld,  anJ  It,  Jobn  9,  SlmpNO,  aeeond 

eaq,  of  Femay,  Btillorgu,  tad  i<B  «( (bt^tv.  W,  Bbnpaon. 

uapueif  ui  uiD  lioTBrnoc  UaaL-Ota,  Bir  0*oTge  At  the  elma,  Ealing,  EUiabetb,  widow  of  Jolm 

Aged  49.  Anna,  wlA  af  Hanty  AtwiBll  Bmltta,  At  jtrttton  Andky,  Oxrai,  BC*d  SI,  W,  Waltt, 

o»q.otGoibury-blll.n»«  Klngaton-ou-TbaiDM.  eaq, 

Al  UarlboroDgh  coUage,  aged  IB,  Paynlon-Lo-  Ifts.  I».    At  CouDtar-hDl,  Hew  Graaa,  igod  W, 

Harcbant.  yonngeat  aon  ol  tbe  Bar,  Joia  JantM  Jimn  AaUbrd,  eaq. 

Yangban,  hector  of  Gotham,  Notla.  Al  Stnabonrg,  Mia  Sanh  Brooke,  dan.  of  pa 

Al  Ihe  bouie  of  bla  aon-bi-biw  Charloa  Bowel*,  UI*  Henry  BrooLe,  eaq,  Clvi)  Senlce,  Uadna. 

eaq.  Yark-U,  Portmtn-aq,  Jamei  Eyn  Wataen,  At  H^and  HoDae,  Derb,  aged  »*,  EliiebaUi, 

een.  of  Fillooglv  Grange,  Warw.  raUcI  of  J«lab  CUngbton,  eaq, 

Atbliaon'a,  WeM  Derby,  near  LlTerpool,  aged  At  Coi^iige,  aged  M,  Bnaasnab,  wUa  of  J. 

Tl,  George  Wltbaca.e*q.  of  Brook  Houaa.  Herta,  EUlott,  eaq,  and  third  dai),  nf  the  Ula  Mr.  T.  Pu- 

lale  treaaurer  to  Ihe  LIrarpoid  Dock  EMale.  d»,  of  th*  Ubraiy,  SandgMe. 

A'si.  17,    At  KJnBilaBd^7atcnt,HBdn,WD,  lb.  W,  Heeler,  tbe  cUMt  InbabUut  of  Btnl- 

Bnnki,  eaq,  ford-an-ATon.    Ua  KiM  tM  A<   n^il^mi 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


107 


G6org9  tlio  lUrd  beiiif  crown^.  oonseqnently  be 
must  hvn  been  about  one  bunored  years  of  age. 
He  was  borne  to  bis  last  resting-place  on  Wednes- 
day by  eigbt  of  bis  companions  wbose  ages  are- 
raged  80  years  eacb. 

V  At  St  Leonard's,  Sussex,  Frances,  wife  of  Wm. 
Winstanly  Hall,  esq.  of  Tickwood,  near  Welling- 
ton, dan.  of  George  Rowe,  esq.  formerly  of  ICay- 
place,  near  LiverpooL 

.  At  Heme  Bay,  aged  41,  Beu|amin  Wm.  Raw- 
Ungt,  esq.  of  Romford,  Essex,  solicitor. 

In  Stonebonae,  aged  78,  Walter  Beid,  esq.  late 
of  Her  Mi^esty's  Paymaster-General's  Office. 

Ellen,  wiib  of  the  Rer.  Frederick  Rnssell,  in- 
cttinbent  of  St  Luke's,  Soutbampton. 

In  Bussell-pl.  Fitxroy-sq.  aged  76,  Ann,  reliet 
of  R.  W.  Satcbwell,  esq. 

At  Hanunersmitb,  Marsball,  eldest  son  of  Reu- 
ben Suren,  esq. 

At  Freelands,  near  Alnwick,  Margaret,  dan.  of 
Tbomas  SkeUy,  esq. 

Aged  79,  Mbu7-Anne,  wife  of  Jobn  Tattam,  esq. 
of  miitcbnrcb,  near  Aylesbary. 

At  Horringer,  Suffolk,  aged  32,  Catberine- 
I^wnces,  wife  of  Jobn  Turner,  esq.  and  youngest 
dau.  of  Wm.  Boper,  esq.  of  Qaybam,  Sussex. 

At  Plymoutb,  aged  90,  George  Harriss  Voss, 
youngest  son  of  tbe  late  J.  M.  voss,  of  Swansea, 
banker. 

At  Dawlisb,  aged  73,  Mary,  relict  of  Captain 
Watson,  R.N.  of  Exeter. 

JV0V.  SO.  At  Anstey  Cottage,  Alton,  Hants,  aged 
63,  Tbomas  Baldwin,  esq. 

At  Batb,  aged  41,  Erederic  Napier  Bower,  esq. 
of  Wireliscombe,  Somerset,  youi^Kest  son  of  tbe 
late  Rer.  Henry  Bower,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary  Magda- 
len«  Taunton. 

At  Buaby,  aged  69,  Mr.  Jobn  Colbran,  for  many 
Srears  page  to  her  late  Mafesty  Queen  Adelaide. 

At  Balbam,  aged  7Q,  Jobn  Constable,  esq. 

In  Yorkshire,  aged  60,  Philip  Davies  Cooke, 
esq.  of  Owston,  in  that  county,  and  Gwysaney, 
Flintshire. 

Mary-Ann,  wife  of  James  Dalton,  eeq.  mer- 
chant, of  Bures,  near  Colchester. 

In  Albert-st.  Camden-road  Villas,  Elixa,  wife  of 
Jobn  Edwards,  esq.  of  Lotbbury,  eldest  surviring 
dau.  of  tbe  late  Capt.  John  Bradly,  R  J7.  and 
niece  of  tbe  late  Vice-Adm.  Sir  John  Harrey, 
K.V.B. 

At  Tborp  Arch  Hall,  Yorkshire,  aged  63,  Ran- 
dall Hatfeild,  esq.  formerly  in  the  Scots  Fusilier 
Guards. 

At  his  brother's  in  Southsea,  aged  58,  George 
Bawden  Haymes,  esq.  many  years  resident  in 
Baenos  Ayres.  He  leaves  a  wife  and  numerous 
finnily. 

At  West  Brixton,  aged  83,  Heniy  Heylyn,  esq. 

At  Chelsea,  aged  60,  Benjamin  Jones,  esq. 

At  Poole,  aged  73,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  James 
Kemp,  esq. 

At  Soutbsea,  aged  90,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Lester, 
mother  of  Capt.  Lester,  R.N. 

At  St.  Leonard*s-on-Sea,  aged  74,  John  Plowes, 
esq.  of  Endsleigh-st.  Tavlstock-sq. 

At  tbe  Ticarage,  Harpford,  co.  Devon,  sgod  83, 
Cornelia,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Prat,  Vicar  of 
Llttlebam-cum-Exmoath. 

ifor.  31.  Aged  72,  Joseph  Benson,  esq.  late  of 
BradeneU-pl.  New  Nortb-road,  Member  of  tbe 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons. 

Aged  80,  Robert  Bristow,  esq.  of  Broxmore  Park, 
Wilts,  and  PlccadiUy. 

At  Blenklnsopp,  Alicia  Frances  Forth,  wife  of 
John  Blenkinaopp  Coulson,  esq.  of  Blenklnsopp 
Caatle. 

In  Hyde  Park-place  West,  aged  31,  WUliam 
Reginald,  eldbst  son  of  Lord  Courtcnay,  and 
nephew  to  Earl  Fortescne.  He  has  left  one 
brother,  bom  in  1836. 

At  Torquay,  aged  37,  William  M.  De  Butts,  late 
Capt.  88tb  Regt  second  surviving  son  of  the  Utte 
G«D.  ^  Augustus  Pe  Butts,  K.C.H. 

In  PresMent-et.  St.  Luke's,  aged  78,  Mr.  Jobn 


Fortune,  for  twenty-^slx  years  Clerk  of  tbe  Works 
at  tbe  General  Post  Offlce. 

At  Ferrybank,  co.  Wexford,  aged  104,  P.  Fur- 
long, esq. 

At  Dover,  aged  91,  Mr.  Joseph  Judge,  who 
nearly  thirty  years  filled  the  offlce  of  deputy  to 
tbe  clerk  of  the  peace  in  the  borough  of  Dover. 

Seymour-George,  infSuit  son  of  Sir  George  Lar- 
pent,Bart. 

At  Stratton,  Cornwall,  aged  33,  Mary,  wife  of 
William  Rowe,  esq.  Spanish  Vice-Consul,  agent 
for  Lloyd's,  ftc. 

At  Braboume,  Kent,  aged  67,  Frances,  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Sankey,  esq.  of  Hastingleigh. 

Elizabeth-Lucy,  eldest  dau.  of  Capt.  R.  Vivian, 
barrack  master.  Newbridge,  Ireland. 

ITcv.  33.  In  the  Lewisbam-road,  aged  53,  Rich- 
ard Fritb,  M.D.  late  of  the  Bombay  Est 

In  Eccleston-sq.  aged  88,  Jane,  relict  of  Samuel 
Gambler,  esq. 

At  her  son-in-law's,  II.  Percy  Taylor,  esq.  Bed- 
bampton,  Hants,  aged  53,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Wil- 
liam Gauntlett,  esq.  of  the  Brambles,  Hants,  and 
Brompton,  Middlesex. 

At  Devonport,  James  Halse,  esq.  paymaster  and 
purser  R.N.  He  accompanied  Sir  Edward  Parry 
throughout  all  bis  Arctic  voyages,  and  obtained  the 
unqualifled  approbation  of  that  officer. 

At  Great  Malvern,  Wore.  Margaret,  eldest  dau. 
of  tbe  late  Rev.  Edward  Irving,  MA. 

At  Claremont-terr.  New-road,  aged  33,  James 
George  Noble,  esq. 

At  Raylelgb,  Essex,  aged  83,  the  Rev.  James 
Pilkington,  after  baviiig  sustained  tbe  pastorate  of 
tbe  Baptist  Chapel  56  years. 

At  Laugharae,  Georgiana-BIadelina,  relict  of 
William  Spencer,  esq,  bsjrrister-at-law,  and  dan.  of 
tbe  bite  Lieut.-Col.  Hugh  Sutherland. 

James  Thoradike,  esq.  of  Ipswich. 

At  Bristol,  aged  44,  ElUa-HaU,  wife  of  Mr. 
W.  R.  Warren,  iron  merchant,  of  Bristol,  and 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert  Hall,  A.M. 

At  Exeter,  Mary-Ann,  second  surviving  dan. 
of  the  late  Rev.  Bourchier  Wm.  Wrey,  Rector  of 
Tawstock  andCombe-in-teign-head. 

At  Bowdon,  Cheshire,  Betty,  wife  of  James 
Simpson  Young,  esq.  and  only  dau.  of  Richard 
Rostron,  esq.  of  Altrincham. 

Nov.  23.  At  Edinburgh,  aged  78,  Mr.  David 
Anderson,  fether  of  James  Anderson,  esq.  one  of 
Her  Majesty'^  counsel. 

At  Devonport,  aged  80,  Henry  Kel way  Bamber, 
esq,  paymaster  and  purser  R.N. 

At  Chester,  aged  69,  Edward  Edwards,  esq.  of 
Wobum-sq.  and  Dolseiy,  Merionethshire. 

At  Islington,  aged  79,  Janet,  last  surviving 
sister  of  the  late  Sh:  Alex.  Ferrier,  K.G.H.,  H.B.M. 
Consul  at  Rotterdam. 

In  Hanley-road,  aged  80,  John  Gilman,  esq. 

At  Walmer,  Margaretta,  wife  of  Rear-Adm.  W. 
W.  Henderson,  C.B.,  K.H.  Commander-in-Chief  on 
the  south-east  coast  of  South  America. 

Elizabeth,  fourth  dau.  of  James  Paterson,  esq. 
Comwatl-terrace,  Regent's-park. 

At  South  Lambeth,  aged  H2,  John  James  Short, 
esq.  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Clifton,  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  Charles 
Smith. 

At  Edinburgh,  Robert  Thompson,  esq.  of  the 
firm  of  Russell,  Douglas,  and  Co.  Bradford. 

At  Brompton,  aged  86,  Jane,  widow  of  William 
Kirby  Trimmer,  F.R.S. 

Jfav.  34.  At  tbe  house  of  her  daughter  Mrs. 
Ash,  of  High  Garrett,  Becking,  Essex,  aged  93, 
Mrs.  Courtauld,  widow  of  George  Courtauld,  esq. 
formerly  of  Braintree. 

At  St.  Michael's  Hamlet,  near  Liverpool,  aged 
75,  David  Dockray,  esq. 

At  Charlton  King's,  aged  63,  Miss  Serena  Fres- 
ton,  dau.  of  tbe  Rev.  A.  Freston,  late  Rector  of 
Edgeworth,  Glouc. 

At  Wandsworth,  Pabner  Henry  Hurst,  esq.  only 
son  of  the  Ute  Palmer  Hurst,  esq.  lord  of  the 
manor  of  Walton-on-Thames. 


108 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


In  Roberi-st.  Hampstead-road,  aged  68,  John 
Kendrlck,  esq.  M.R.G.S. 

Charlotte-Anne,  wifb  of  William  Stone  Levris, 
esq.  of  Wood  Hall,  Shenley,  Herts. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  75,  Lieut.-Oen.  Duncan 
HcPherson,  of  the  Bengal  Army. 

In  London,  aged  66,  the  Hon.  Mary-Grace,  wife 
of  Sir  John  Henry  Palmer,  Bart,  of  Carlton-park, 
Northamptonshire,  and  sister  to  Lord  Sondes.  She 
was  the  eldest  child  of  Lewis-Thomas  the  2d  Lord, 
by  Mary-Elizabeth,  only  dan.  and  heir  of  Richard 
Milles,  esq.  of  North  Elmham,  Norfolk,  and  was 
married  in  1806. 

At  Chelsea,  aged  64,  J.  Sample,  esq.  of  the  Ord- 
nance Office,  Pall  Mall. 

At  Middleham,  aged  83,  Wm.  Sewell,  esq.  Regi- 
mental Qoartermaster  of  the  Staff  Corps  of  Ca- 
valry, who,  after  twenty-eight  years'  active  service 
In  the  4th  Light  Dragoons,  received  a  medal  of 
four  clasps  for  VittorLa,  Salamanca,  Albuera,  and 
Talavera. 

Nov.  86.  At  Powderham,  aged  64,  Henry  Bean, 
esq. 

At  Hastings,  aged  45,  Ghristian-Yorke,  wife  of 
fhe  Rev.  Edward  Bullen,  and  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Charles  Hutchins,  esq.  of  Clapham. 

At  Trowbridge,  aged  42,  Mr.  William  Clark, 
second  son  of  J.  N.  Clark,  esq. 

At  Membury,  Devon,  on  a  visit  to  Daniel  B. 
Davy,  esq.  aged  59,  Joseph  Green,  esq.  shipowner, 
Brixham. 

In  Ozford-«t.  aged  80,  Sarah,  relict  of  Mr.  Ni- 
cholas Isherwood,  late  of  Ludgate-hill. 

At  Landport,  Portsea,  aged  92,  Tbos.  Lyre,  esq. 

At  Wandsworth,  aged  78,  Maiy,  relict  of  Wm. 
Nottidge,  esq. 

At  Clifton,  Benjamin  Rickards,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  62,  the  Lady  Carolina  Anne 
Sanford,  vrife  of  Edward  Ayshford  Sanford,  esq. 
of  Nynehead,  Som.  sister  to  the  late  and  present 
Earls  of  Harrington,  the  Duchess  of  Bedford,  and 
the  Duchess  of  Leinster.  She  was  the  second 
dau.  of  Charles  third  Earl  of  Harrington,  by  Jane- 
Seymour,  dau.  and  cob.  of  Sir  John  Fleming,  Bart, 
and  became  the  second  wife  of  Mr.  Sanford  in 
1841.  Her  body  was  conveyed  to  Devonshire  for 
interment. 

At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  aged  88,  John  Stan- 
ton, esq. 

Nov.  26.  At  Cambridge-terrace,  Regent's-park, 
aged  66,  John  Clifford,  esq. 

At  St.  Andrew's  Court,  Holborn,  aged  69,  John 
Brown  Eyles,  esq. 

At  Blackheath,  agedSl,  J.  W.  M.  Pennington, 
esq.  only  son  of  the  late  John  Pennington,  esq. 
Jun.  of  Hindley,  Lane. 

Aged  38,  Poynder,  the  eldest  surviving  son  of 
the  Tate  James  Smith,  esq.  of  Coopers'  Hall. 

At  Paris,  aged  54.  William,  fifth  son  of  the  late 
John  Stride,  esq.  of  Austin  Friars,  London. 

At  Lyme,  the  vrife  of  H.  Tucker,  esq.  surgeon. 

At  D«ptford,  aged  43,  Marv,  the  wife  of  Capt. 
Henry  Van  Heythusen,  H.E.I.G.S.  and  dau.  of 
John  Sich,  esq.  of  Chiswick. 

JVov.  27.  Aged  76,  John  Barling,  esq.  of  Nonds, 
Lynsted,  Kent,  having  survived  his  wife  one 
month. 

At  St.  Ives,  CO.  Huntingdon,  aged  52,  James 
Osborne  Beck,  esq.  solicitor. 

At  Luton,  Beds,  aged  21,  Mary,  younger  dau.  of 
J.  K.  Blundell,  esq. 

Aged  74,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Cornelius  James 
Carter,  esq.  of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  solicitor. 

At  Seville,  in  her  1 15th  year,  Isabella  Chava. 

At  Totnes,  aged  32,  Henry  Dudley  Doran,  esq. 
of  Dublin. 

At  the  Parsonage,  St.  Mary  Key,  Ipswich,  John- 
Beaumont,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Dnnning- 
haro,  incumbent. 

Aged  21,  Manr-Ann,  second  dan.  of  the  late 
William  Lichfield,  esq.  of  Nursling,  Hants. 

At  Islip,  aged  67,  Martha,  eldest  dau.  of  Rev. 
Alexander  Litchfield,  Rector  of  Noke,  Oxon,  and 
Vicar  of  Wadhunt,  Sumox. 


At  Ripon,  aged  63,  Richard  Nicholson,  esq. 
thirty-four  years  Town  Clerk  of  that  city. 

At  Kentish-town,  aged  23,  Adelaide-Louisa,  wife 
of  Richard  B.  Postans,  esq.  solicitor. 

Aged  66,  Henrietta,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thos.  Brent,  of  Brent,  co.  Somerset,  and  widow  of 
Gen.  Sir  Charles  Wale,  K.C.B.  Colonel  of  the  33rd 
Regt. 

ir&v.  28.  At  Boughton  Lodge,  near  Chester, 
David  WUliam  Hughes,  esq.  eldest  and  only  sur- 
viving son  of  the  late  Rev.  David  Hughes,  M.A. 
Rector  of  Llanfyllin,  Montgomeryshire. 

Aged  68,  Joseph  Jackson,  esq.  late  of  March,  co. 
Cambridge. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Sarah  Roberts, 
sister  of  the  late  Samuel  Walker  Parker,  esq. 

At  Hutton,  Essex,  aged  84,  Elizabeth  relict  of 
Thomas  Townsend,  esq.  solicitor,  Romford. 

Nov.  29.  At  Southampton,  aged  85,  Jane,  relict 
of  William  Amor,  esq. 

At  Ipswich,  Mrs.  A.  C.  Barker,  widow  of  Tho- 
mas L.  Barker,  esq.  Capt.  East  Norfolk  Militia. 

At  Brixton,  aged  78,  Ann,  relict  of  Frederick 
Doggett,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

William  Holmes  Edwards,  esq.  barristcr-at-law, 
of  the  Middle  Temple,  and  Framlingham,  Suffolk. 

At  Whitby,  aged  72,  Mr.  John  EstiU,  son  of  the 
late  Ingram  Estill,  esq.  ship-builder. 

At  Bath,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Katharine  Nevile.  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Pate  Nevile,  esq.  of  Bads- 
worth. 

At  Swineshead-hall,  Line.  Elizabeth  Roberts, 
mother  of  Capt.  Jidius  Roberts,  U.M.A. 

At  Bath,  aged  66,  Mary- Anne,  relict  of  Robert 
Stone,  esq.  of  Efha-house,  Brixton,  Surrey,  many 
years  a  magistrate  for  that  county. 

Nov.  30.  In  London,  Cecil  Howard  Bury,  esq. 
second  son  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Bury,  St.  Anne's, 
Lancaster. 

At  Clifton-park  Villa,  Clifton,  aged  70,  Miss 
Thermulhis  Collinson. 

At  Broomfleld  House,  Handsworth,  near  Bir- 
mingham, aged  63,  Lieut.  Samuel  Eborall,  R.N. 
He  entered  the  navy  in  1805,  and  served  afloat 
about  eleven  vears.  Subsequently  he  commanded 
various  merchantmen  from  the  port  of  Liverpool, 
and  latterly  was  for  many  years  one  of  the  chief  of- 
cers  of  the  London  and  North  Western  Railway. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  77,  Charlotte,  relict 
of  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Harrison,  A.M.  Vicar  of  Goud- 
hurst,  Kent,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 
Tonkin,  R.N. 

At  Hamble,  near  Southampton,  Commander 
Henry  Hire,  R.N.  late  of  Bermuda. 

At  Leamington  tea,  aged  68,  Ann,  relict  of 
Thomas  Hiron,  esq.  formerly  of  Warwick. 

At  West  Hoathly,  aged  49,  Sarah,  wife  of  Mr. 
John  Hunter,  surgeon. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  77,  Sarah,  relict  of  John 
Mends,  esq.  and  mother  of  Lieut.-Col.  Herbert 
Mends,  2d  West  India  Reg.,  Assistant  Commissary- 
Gen.  William  Fisher  Mends,  and  Mrs.  Evans. 

At  Sunnybank,  near  Aberdeen,  Sarah,  eldest 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John  Paton,  esq.  of 
Grandholm,  Aberdeenshire. 

Aged  24,  Eliza,  dau.  of  Slhis  Stedman,  esq.  of 
Guildford-ct.  Russell-sq. 

LaMy.  AltnA  Abraham  Constable,  esq.  of  St. 
John's  Wood,  thhrd  son  of  the  late  John  Constable, 
R.A.  and  grandson  of  the  late  Golding  Constable, 
of  East  Bergholt-house,  and  of  the  late  Chas. 
Bicknell,  solicitor  to  the  Admiralty  and  King 
George  the  Fourth,  and  great-great-grandson  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Dnrrant  Rhudde,  Rector  of  East 
Bergholt. 

Aged  65,  James  Eddowes,  esq.  of  South  Shields. 

At  Shorwell,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  91,  Mrs. 
Grimes,  mother  of  the  late  Thomas  Grimes,  esq. 
of  Tafford-house,  Yorkshire. 

At  Churchill,  Haslemere,  Surrey,  aged  74, 
Sarah,  relict  of  the  Rev.  James  Freakes  Parson. 

At  Honnef,  on  the  Rhine,  aged  25,  Teresa,  wife 
of  Henrv  Thwaitas,  eeq.  and  youngest  dan.  of  the 
late  Beiyamin  Crocker,  eeq.  of  Bidgwiy,  Devon. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


109 


Edward  Wataon,  esq.  for  23  years  one  of  the 
Conunon  Council  for  Cheap  Ward,  and  an  active 
member  of  the  Commission  of  Sewers  for  the  city 
of  London.  At  a  wardmote  of  the  Cheap  Ward, 
Not.  18,  it  was  resolved,  "  That  the  Ward  felt 
deep  regret  at  his  decease,  on  accoont  of  the  zeal, 
ability,  and  integrity  which  characterised  his  pub- 
lic conduct,  and  the  courtesy,  urbanity,  and  amia- 
ble disposition  evinced  by  him  in  private  life,  as  a 
friend,  nei«:hbour,  and  tradesman." 

Walter  Newton,  esq.  of  Dunlechry,  co.  Carlow. 
He  married  in  1817  Anne,  fifth  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  George  Jocelyn,  second  son  of  ttie  first  Earl 
of  Roden,  by  whom  he  had  issue  a  son  and  a  dau. 
He  is  succeeded  by  his  son  Philip  Jocelyn  New- 
ton, esq. 

At  Southsea,  Surgeon  David  Cowan,  R.N.  (1800) 
many  years  a  surgeon  of  Portsmouth  Dockyard. 
The  deceased  served  as  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the 
Superb  at  the  taking  of  St.  Domingo,  and  was  for 
many  years  surgeon  to  the  household  of  the  Duke 
of  Clarence. 

Dee.  1.  Aged  83,  Henry  Allison,  esq.  of  Layton 
Fidds,  near  Richmond. 

At  East  Retford,  aged  81,  Wm.  Barker,  gentle- 
man. Mr.  Barker  was  for  upwards  of  thirty  years 
bailiff  to  the  master,  governor,  and  brethren  of 
the  Holy  Trinity  Hospital,  West  Retford. 

At  Chester,  aged  48,  Joshua  Coddington,  Capt. 
R.£ng. 

At  Rushbrooke  Park,  Suffolk,  (which  he  had 
hired  for  the  season.)  a^  37,  Robert  Elliott,  esq. 
of  Ooldington  House,  Beds. 

Aged  73,  Mrs.  Frances  Farqnharson,  widow  of  a 
gentleman  formerly  possessed  of  large  estates  in 
the  West  Indies.  Having  been  permitted  to  leave 
Lambeth  Workhouse,  of  which  die  was  an  inmate, 
for  a  holidav,  she  was  picked  up  dead  in  a  In- 
road the  following  morning,  and  there  is  every 
reason  to  believe  that  her  death  resulted  Arom 
want  of  food  and  firom  cold. 

In  London,  aged  S3,  Robert  Fookes,  esq.  of 
Stalbridge,  where  for  thirty  years  he  had  practised 
as  a  surgeon. 

At  Hanmiersmith,  aged  31,  Anne,  wife  of  Mr. 
Stephen  Gomme,  architect. 

At  Petworth,  aged  77,  Capt.  Thos.  Gregory,  late 
of  Turner's-hill,- Worth. 

At  Putney,  aged  64,  Thomas  Heath,  esq. 

At  Topeham,  aged  69,  Grace,  wifb  of  Admiral 
Hewson. 

At  Ipswich,  George  Mingay,  esq.  late  of  Orford, 
and  Croydon. 

At  Edinburgh,  Miss  Douglas  Moncrieff. 

John  Mulc^y,  esq.  LL.D.  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  Queen's  college,  Galway. 

At  Bath,  aged  71,  Mary,  relict  of  the  Rev.  R.  C. 
Rider,  of  Stoke,  Kent. 

At  Ravensden,  Ann,  relict  of  Thos.  Lane  Wood, 
esq.  of  Leighton  Buzzard. 

Dec.  2.  At  Dublin,  Harriet,  third  dau.  of  the 
late  James  B.  Boothby,  esq. 

At  Tonbridge,  Sarah,  relict  of  Edmund  Browne, 
esq.  of  Egerton. 

At  Islington,  aged  82,  Fanny,  relict  of  S.  Cooper, 
esq.  Ledbury. 

At  Morpeth,  Diana,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Ralph 
Errington,  Vicar  of  Mitford. 

At  North-end,  aired  64,  William  Rodolphus 
Ernst  Jackson,  esq.  late  Lieut.-Col.  of  Artillery. 

At  Portsea,  aged  69,  George  Kemp,  esq. 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  82,  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
Lient.-Col.  Long,  R.M. 

Aged  48,  Mr.  William  Oliver,  one  of  the  most 
industrious  members  of  the  Society  of  Painters  in 
Water  Colours.  His  works  are  chiefly  of  foreign 
scenery.    He  sometimes  painted  in  oil. 

Dec.  3.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  87,  Elizabeth 
Ackerley,  relict  of  John  Hawksey  Ackerley,  esq. 
barrister-at-law,  and  twin  sister  of  the  lute  Ed- 
mund John  Cbamberlayne,  esq.  of  Maugersbury 
Manor  House,  Gloucestershire. 

At  Gosport,  aged  54,  Caroline,  widow  of  Joseph 
Carter,  esq.  of  Forton  House,  and  third  dau.  of 


the  late  John  Cousens,  esq.  of  Prinsted  Lodge, 
Sussex. 

At  Stoneleigh,  aged  83,  Mr.  Thomas  Chapman, 
a  well-known  agriculturist,  and  formerly  steward 
to  Lord  Leigh  on  the  Stoneleigh  estate. 

Sarah,  wife  of  W.  Cross,  esq.  solicitor,  Prescot 

At  Winchester,  aged  69,  John  Davidson,  esq.  of 
Shawford. 

At  Bamet,  Herts,  Miss  Sarah  Esrton,  formerly  of 
Cheltenham. 

In  Upper  Brook-street,  aged  69,  Frederick 
Fielden,  esq. 

Aged  61,  Wm.  Hitchcock,  esq.  of  Winterboum 
Monkton. 

Aged  68,  Grace,  wife  of  William  NetUefold,  esq. 
of  Vine-st.  Westminster. 

At  Portsmouth,  aged  65,  Eliza,  wife  of  William 
Price,  esq.  surgeon  R.N.,  third  sister  of  the  late 
Vice-Adm.  Ross,  C.B. 

At  Bath,  aged  69,  Colonel  W.  Swinton,  Bengal 
establishment. 

Dec.  4.  At  Enfield,  aged  74,  Mary-Ann,  wife  of 
James  Bennett,  esq. 

Aged  90,  Abraham  Henry  Chambers,  esq.  of  the 
Cottage,  Paddington,  formerly  head  of  an  eminent 
Banking-house  in  New  Bond-street,  which  fUled 
many  years  ago,  and  its  affairs  have  been  in  liti^ 
tion  up  to  the  present  period.  Mr.  Chamben's 
case  and  that  of  his  daughter,  Miss  Chambers, 
have  excited  great  commiseration.  The  accounts 
of  the  bankruptcy  are  on  the  eve  of  being  settled. 

At  Stamford,  aged  77,  Martha,  widow  of  the 
Rev.  Christopher  Cookson. 

At  Wisbeach,  Thomas  Fawsett,  esq.  formerly  of 
Homcastle.  and  father  of  F.  Fawsett,  esq. 

At  Stratfbrd-on-Avon,  aged  69,  John  GUI,  esq. 
formerly  of  Avon  Dasset,  Warw. 

Dec.  5.  At  Bury,  Lane,  aged  82,  Arabella-Ca- 
tharine, widow  of  Henri  Johnson  Boutflower,  sur- 
geon Hon.  E.I.Co.'s  Service. 

At  Hoath,  aged  59,  James  Collard,  esq. 

At  Newport,  Shropshire,  aged  68,  Augustus 
Godby,  esq,  late  Secretary  to  the  General  Post 
Office  in  Ireland. 

At  Hoveringham,  Notts,  in  his  85th  year,  Lieut.- 
General  Henry  Huthwaite,  Colonel  of  the  42d 
Regt.  of  N.I.  Bengal  Presidency.  He  belonged  to 
a  texaily  of  high  respectability,  long  resident  at 
Nottingham.  Both  his  grandfather  Comeliua 
Huthwaite  and  his  father  William  Huthwaite,  each 
of  them  in  his  generation,  filled  the  office  of  chiti 
magistrate  of  that  town.  General  Huthwaite  en- 
tered the  Bengal  Array  in  1795,  and  attahied  his 
highest  promotion  11  Nov.  1851.  On  his  return 
from  India  in  1828  he  married  at  Gedling,  Notts. 
Miss  Anne  Elizabetli  Beaumont,  niece  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Beaumont,  B.A.  of  Bridgeford  Hill,  Notts, 
(who  died  at  an  advanced  age,  Aug.  25th,  1835). 
By  this  lady,  who  we  believe  still  survives  him, 
he  has  had  issue  three  sons  and  one  daughter,  viz. 
Henry-George-Beaumont,  Thomas-Walter,  Wal- 
tcr-Swete,  and  Francis-Anne.  Lieut.-Col.  Edward 
Huthwaite,  C.B.  who  so  highly  distinguished  him- 
self in  the  campaigns  of  the  SutleJ  and  the  Pun- 
Jaub,  is  a  nephew  of  the  deceased. 

At  Bloxham,  Oxon,  aged  37,  IVArchy  Hyde,  esq. 
of  Fritwell,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
Hyde,  Rector  of  Carfax,  Oxford. 

At  Kensington,  aged  79,  Rebecca- Anne,  relict  of 
George  Lord  Jackson,  esq.  of  Hammersmith. 

Arthur  Thomas  Morley,  esq.  R.N.  of  Newtown 
Hall,  Montgomer3r8hire,  and  Southsea,  Huits, 
grandson  of  the  late  Sir  Powell  Pryce,  Bart. 

At  Stoke  Newington-green,  aged  25,  Margaret- 
Maria,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Ridsdale,  for- 
merly of  Malabar. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son  Henry  Walker  Yeo- 
man, esq.  of  Richmond,  aged  85,  Anne,  relict  of 
(Cornelius  Smelt,  esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  Gen. 
John  Hale,  of  the  Plantation,  Yorkshire. 

At  the  house  of  his  brother  Walter  0.  Smith* 
esq.  Cheltenham,  aged  59,  Thomas  Smith,  esq. 

At  Boulogne,  aged  83,  Robert  Stevens,  esq.  for- 
merly of  Lloyd's. 


no 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


At  Stanehotue,  Aged  27,  Alex.  F.  Sutherland, 
eso.  Ist  Lieut.  R.M. 

Dec.  6.  Aged  79,  Helen-Langford,  vridow  of 
Capt.  R.  S.  Adams,  H.E.I.C.9. 

At  Brighton,  aged  76,  Valentine  Chaplin,  esq. 
of  BncUersbury. 

At  Guernsey,  aged  34,  George  Edward  Engle- 
heart,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  eldest  surytving  son 
of  N.  B.  Engleheu*t,  esq.  of  Doctors'  Commons 
and  Parle  House,  Blackheath. 

At  Carisbrooke,  I.W.  aged  7 1 ,  James  George,e8q. 

At  Dinton  vicarage,  near  Aylesbury,  Bucks, 
aged  88,  Euphemia,  only  child  of  the  late  Bcv. 
mchard  Gifford,  of  Duffleld  Bank  House,  co.  Derby. 

At  Brighton,  Jane,  youngest  dau.  of  the  lato 
John  Allen  Gillham,  esq. 

At  Kilbum  Priory,  Eliza,  wife  of  James  Henry 
Ctoetse,  esq.  of  Great  Tower-st. 

Aged  60,  Lieut.  Hackett,  R.N.  twenty  years  go- 
remor  of  the  county  gaol,  Reading. 

At  Chesterfield,  aged  67,  John  Hutchinson,  esq. 
eoroner  for  the  hundred  of  Scarsdale. 

At  Worcester,  aged  66,  Harriett,  relict  of  Thos. 
Little,  esq. 

.  At  Dorking,  aged  S7,  Douglas,  only  son  of  Ifr. 
John  Nicholson,  profiMSor  of  music.  The  de- 
ceased  was  a  very  promising  student  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Music. 

Miss  Cliarity  Frances  Ward,  dau.  of  the  late 
^rge  Ward,  esq.  and  eldest  sister  of  the  lata 
George  Henry  Ward,  esq.  of  Northwood  Park,  and 
aunt  to  the  present  owner  of  the  estate. 

Dee.  7.  AtCroxton  Park,  Cambridgeshire,  when 
on  a  risit  to  S.  Newton,  esq.  aged  23,  Robert  Jones 
Adeano,  esq.  of  Babraham  Hall,  in  the  same  co. 

At  the  house  of  her  sister-in-law  Mrs.  Whip- 
ham,  Russell-square,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  J.  At- 
kyns,  esq.  of  Babbicombe,  Deyon,  and  mother  of 
the  Rer.  John  Atkrns,  Vicar  of  Littlehampton. 

At  Neasham  Hall,  Darlington,  aged  3i,SybelIa- 
Frances,  wife  of  James  Cookson,  esq.  having  given 
birth  to  a  son  on  the  2d  instant. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  75,  Susan,  relict  of  Edw. 
Dawson,  esq.  of  Whattou  House,  Leic. 

At  Stodqport,  Kirby-Trimmer-Walpole,  only  son 
of  Qeorge  Downes,  esq. 

.  At  New  Brighton,  Cheshire,  aged  52,  William 
Henry  Gilliat,  esq.  of  LiverpooL 

At  Paddington-green,  aged  80,  Jane-Maria, 
felict  of  Bex^amhi  Edward  Hall,  of  Paddington, 
md  CQgwyn,  Cardiganshire,  esq.  J.  P.  and  De- 
puty Lieut,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Adm.  Richard 
Braithwaite. 

At  Exeter,  aged  75,  Elizabetli- Jesse,  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  William  Jesse,  of  West  Bromwich. 

At  Bishop's  Stortford,  aged  41,  Johtf  Johnstone, 
^.  solicitor. 

At  Thhrsk,  aged  79,  the  dow.  Lady  Johnstone. 
Slie  was  the  dan.  of  John  Scott,  esq.  of  Charter- 
|muse-sqnare,  London ;  became  the  second  wife 
m  Sir  Richard  Vanden-Bempde  Johnstone,  the 
flnt  Baronet,  of  EUickness  hall,  Yorkshire,  in  1790, 
and  his  widow  in  1807,  having  had  issue  the  pre- 
aeni  Sir  John  Vanden-Bempde  Jonnstone,  Bart, 
now  M.P.  for  Scarborough.  She  was  married  se- 
condly to  William  Gleadow,  esq.  Her  loss  wUl  be 
much  felt  by  the  poor  of  York  and  Thirak. 

At  Bognor,  Frances-Jemima  Lillie,  dan.  of  the 
late  Edward  Hall  tJllie,  esq.  of  Hackn^. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  81,  George  Mercer,  esq.  of 
Qorthy. 

At  Richmond,  Yorkshire,  aged  35,  Edward 
Wright,  esq. 

Dec.  8.  At  Ripon.  aged  84,  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
C$pt.  Coates^  of  Bisnopton,  and  niece  of  the  late 
Richard  Milbum,  esq.  of  Thorpfield,  Yorkshire. 

At  Dudley,  aged  67,  A.  B.  Cochrane,  esq.  an 
eminent  Ironmaster,  in  conseonence  of  being 
overturned  in  a  cab  in  driving  from  the  Dtidley 
station. 

,  At  Southsea,  £Hza,  wife  of  Thomas  Dawney,  esq. 
ri.E.LC.  Service,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  William 
Paxton,  of  IttiAAJM/m  HalL  Carm. 

At  Causey  Ware  Hall,  Lower  Edmonton,  aged 


96,  Qeoige  Gnilloimeaa,  esq.  eldest  ion  of  the  late 
David  Guillonneau,  esq.  notary  public,  of  Pope's 
Head-alley. 

At  Hackney,  aged  79,  Lucy,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Joseph  Hibbert,  esq.  of  Leyton,  Essex. 

At  Harmby  Lodge,  Leybom,  aged  82,  Mary, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  W .  Jones,  MA.  Vicar  of  East 
Witton,  youngest  dau.  of  Gideon  Dare,  esq.  of 
Cockspur-st.  and  Richmond,  Surrey,  descoided 
firom  the  Dares,  of  Toumay,  in  France. 

At  Birkenhead,  aged  71,  Agnes,  widow  of  Wil- 
liam Laird,  esq. 

At  Wem,  Shropshire,  aged  80,  Margaret,  relict 
of  the  Rev.  Richard  Parkes,  Vicar  of  Loppington, 
Shropshire,  mother  of  Dr.  Parkes,  Great  Marlbo- 
rough-st.  and  the  Rev.  F.  B.  Parkes,  Ilmington 
rectory,  Warw. 

At  Annhigton,  near  Steynlng,  Sussex,  Sarah, 
dan.  of  the  late  Hugh  Penfold,  esq. 

At  Woolwich-common,  Mary  Anne  Hall  Robe, 
eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Col.  Sfar  William  Robe, 
K.C.B.  K.T.S.  and  K.C.H.  of  the  Royal  Horse  Art. 
having  survived  her  sister,  Caroline,  only  nine 
months,  and  her  brother,  Lient.-Col.  T.  C.  Robe, 
R.A.  scarcely  three. 

At  York,  aged  70,  Christopher  Scarr,  esq. 

At  Duke-st.  Southwark,  aged  62,  Mrs.  Maria 
Skinner. 

Aged  79,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Joseph  Thompson, 
esq.  of  the  Bank,  Highgate. 

Dee.  9.  At  Torquay,  aged  24,  Stuart  Murray 
Anderson,  esq.  of  tiie  Madras  Civil  Service,  eldest 
surviving  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  S.  M.  Anderson, 
Preacher  of  Lincoln's-inn,  and  Rector  of  Tormar- 
ton,  Glouc. 

At  Aspal-hall,  Suffolk,  aged  81,  Miss  Sarali 
Bellman,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Rer.  Ray- 
ner  Bellman,  of  Wetheringsett 

At  Lyme  Regis,  Dorset,  Sarah,  wife  of  Captain 
Charles  Cowper  Benett,  R.N.  and  eldest  dau.  to 
the  Ute  William  Burleton,  esq.  of  Wykin  Hall, 
Leicestersh.  and  Donhead  Lodge,  Wilts. 

At  Eaton-place,  Arabella,  wife  of  George  Cary 
Elwes,  esq.  and  eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  Thomas  Fieschi 
and  the  Hon.  ArabelU  Heneage ;  also  on  the  10th, 
of  scarlet  fever,  aged  15,  Evelyn-Robert-Cary, 
their  ddest  son. 

In  Whiteliaven,  aged  89,  Isabella,  relict  of  John 
Falcon,  esq.  of  Garston,  Herts. 

At  Westerham,  Mary-Ann,  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  Edward  Gale,  esq.  of  Buxton  House,  Epping 
Forest. 

At  Great  Oakley,  Essex,  aged  28,  Ann,  only 
child  of  the  late  Rev.  Joseph  Harrison,  many  years 
Curate  of  that  place. 

At  Weary  Hall,  Cumberland,  aged  28,  J.  B. 
Paisley,  esq. 

At  Manchester,  suddenly,  when  at  breakfast, 
Mr.  John  Phillips,  only  surviving  son  of  Mr. 
Alderman  Phillips,  Manchester.  He  had  recently 
been  the  comp«uiion  of  Sir  John  Potter  on  a  tour 
1°  KfiTPt  and  other  parts  of  the  East,  and  returned 
complaining  occasionally  of  rheumatic  pains  in 
the  chest ;  but  with  this  exception  his  h^th  was 

Sod,  and  he  had  dined  at  his  club  on  the  previous 
y,  manifesting  his  usual  cheerfol  di^sition 
and  ehutlcity  of  spirits. 

At  Torquay,  aged  73,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Thomas 
Stares,  esq.  of  Wallington,  Hants,  and  the  youngest 
dau.  of  the  Ute  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Wm.  Parker.  Bart. 

Olivia,  dau.  of  James  Twycross,  esq.  Brook, 
Wokingham,  Berkshire. 

At  Sydenham,  aged  82,  Joseph  Wartnaby,  esq. 
of  Lloyd's. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  91,  Mrs.  Williams,  relict 
of  W.  Williams,  esq.  of  Whitlench. 

At  Stretton,  Staff.  Catherine,  eldest  surviving 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edw.  C.  Wright,  Rector  of 
titrfiord,  Northamptonshire. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  aged  25,  Mary,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Young,  liector  of 
Gilling,  Yorkshire. 

Dec  10.  At  Patrick  Brompton,  Yorkshire,  aged 
78,  Margaret,  widow  of  Richard  Atkinson,  esq. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


Ill 


At  New  Romney.  aged  27,  Sladden  Gardner,  esq. 

At  Sfalda-hill  West^a^  66,  Honor-Maria,  relict 
of  John  Jorden,  esq. 

At  Oakiield  House,  near  Honiton,  the  residence 
of  her  nieces  the  Misses  Radcliffe,  Margaret  Wehr, 
dan.  and  co-heiresa  with  her  late  sister,  Grace 
Radcliffe,  of  William  Floyde,  esq.  of  Exeter,  and 
cousin  of  Martha  Forsman  (n^e  Radcliffe),  wife  of 
the  Rev.  John  Fnrsman,  Chancdlor  and  Canon 
Residentiary  of  Exeter. 

At  his  sister's,  Leicester,  aged  45,  Wm.  Wood* 
cock,  M.D.  late  of  Eccleshill  Moorside,  Yorkshire. 

Dec.  11.  Aged  68,  Richard  Bourne,  esq.  surgeon, 
South-end,  Oroydon. 

At  Alpha-road,  Regent's-park,  aged  75,  Henry 
Foskett,  esq.  late  of  Tunhridge  Wells,  and  formerly 
Capt.  15th  Hussars. 

Aged  9,  Wedderhum,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Sir  John  HalkeU,  Bart. 

At  Stockton-on-Tees,  aged  37,  Martlia,  wife  of 
Thos.  Kay,  esq.  shipowner. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  44,  Edward  MulUns,  esq. 
of  Tokenhouse-yard. 

At  Eton,  Mrs.  Parker,  only  surviving  sister  of 
the  late  Rev.  G.  Williams,  Rector  of  Martin  Hus- 
singtree. 

iged  63,  James  Fincott,  esq.  of  Hamilton-ten*. 
St.  John's  Wood. 

At  Landport,  Portsea,  aged  78,  Mrs.  Mary  Ann 
Ridoutt,  mother  of  Isaac  Ridontt,  esq. 

Aged  75,  Joseph  Timmis,  esq.  of  Beoley,  Wore. 

At  Nortucote  House,  Uffeulme,  aged  81,  Miss 
Mary  Warren,  formerly  of  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

James  Watson,  esq.  of  the  Manor  House,  Swan- 
land,  and  formerly  of  Wauldhy. 

At  Norwood,  aged  47,  Ann,  relict  of  Charles 
Wooderson,  esq. 

Dee.  12.  At  Battersea-rlse,  aged  87,  George 
Asburst,  esq. 


At  Wandsworth,  aged  69,  Tbo.  Skegg  Driver,  esq. 

At  Carnarvon,  George-Baker,  iSdest  son  of 
Henry  Goddard,  esq.  architect,  Lincohi. 

At  Exeter,  aged  76,  Barbara-Maria,  wife  of 
Richard  Mence,  esq. 

At  Blackheath,  aged  20,  Walter- Augustus,  se- 
cond son  of  the  late  Rev.  Christopher  NeviU, 
Vicar  of  East  Grinstead. 

At  Combe  Raleigh,  Devon,  aged  78,  Maria 
Trosse  Pearse,  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Edward 
Pearse,  esq.  of  Greenway  House. 

In  Albert-st.  Camden-road,  Clari-Mary,  wifo  of 
Frederick  Crossley  Young,  esq.  and  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Paul  Sayer,  esq. 

Dec.  13.  At  Brighton,  aged  80,  Emily-Mary, 
wife  of  Hon.  and  Rev.  Geoige  T.  0.  Bridgeman, 
second  son  of  the  Earl  of  Bradford,  and  secpnd 
surviving  dau.  of  the  Hon.  Richard  Bagot,  DJ). 
Lord  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells.  She  was  married 
in  1850,  and  has  left  issue  two  sons. 

At  St.  Leonard's-on-Sea,  aged  80,  Theodosia- 
Sarah-Frances  Lady  Howden.  She  was  third  dau. 
of  John  first  Earl  of  Clanwilliam ;  was  married  in 
1798  to  Sir  John  Cradock,  G.C.B.  created  Lord 
Howden  in  1819  ;  and  was  left  his  widow  in  1839, 
having  had  issue  one  child  only,  the  present  Lord 
Howden. 

At  Pinner-grove,  Middlesex,  aged  62,  Eliza- 
beth-Hurry, wife  of  Sir  William  G.  Milman,  Bart. 
She  was  the  only  daughter  of  Robert  Alderson, 
esq.  Recorder  of  Norwich,  by  the  daughter  of  Sa- 
muel Harry,  esq.  of  Great  Yarmouth ;  and  sister 
to  Mr.  Baron  Alderson.  She  was  married  in  1809, 
and  has  left  issue. 

Dec.  14.  Aged  20,  Walden,  third  surviving  son 
of  the  Rev.  George  Alston,  late  Vicar  of  Homdon- 
on-the-Hill,  Essex. 

Dec.  16.  At  Bradninch,  aged  93,  Henry  Bow- 
den,  esq. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  issued  by  the  Registrar' Oeneral.) 


Deaths  Registered 

Births 
Registered. 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

Under 
15. 

15  to 
60. 

60  and 
upwards. 

Age  not 
specified. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Nov.       26  . 
Dec.          3  . 

»      10  . 

M       17  . 

652 
620 
579 
638 

409 

481 
418 
388 

278 
306 
296 
311 

10 
15 
16 

1339 
1417 
1308 
1353 

i 

634 
720 
654 

,       720 

706 

m 

654 
633 

1442 
1677 
1628 
1557 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Dec.  23. 


STheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

s.    d. 

s,    d. 

s,    d. 

s.    d. 

s,    d. 

f.   d. 

70    9 

38     9 

24  11 

44    7 

48  10 

51  10 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Dec.  23. 
Sussex  Pockets,  9/.  0«.  to  11/.  8«.— Kent  Pockets,  11/.  0«.  to  17/.  0«. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Dec  26. 

Hay,  4/.  0«.  to  5/.  10«.— Straw,  1/.  12«.  to  2/.  2<.—- Clover,  4/.  15«.  to  6/.  6f . 

SMITHFIELD,  Dec.  26.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Dec.  26. 


Mutton 3«. 

Veal 3*. 

* ori» ..•■  ■•»•  ••  •.  ••  «• . 


2d.  to  4«.  10^. 
Od.  to  5s,  2d, 
6d.  to  5«.  0^. 
4d.  to  4s.  lOd. 


Beasts 1,612    Calves  130 

Sheep  andLambs     7,600    Pigs      220 


COAL  MARKET,  Dec.  23. 
Walls  Ends,  &c.  23«.  M.  to  37«.  Od.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  26«.  Od.  to  27f.  Od. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.^Town  Tallow,  59«.  6d.     Yellow  Russia,  60«.  Od. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.CARY,  Steand 
From  NoptnOtr  26,  to  Zttetmbtr  S3,  1853,  both  inchultt. 

rcii)ieit>H  T\.eTm.  {  Falirenbelt'i  Tbenn. 


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n.i 

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V 

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7 

:« 

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Ml 

11) 

38 

43 

38 

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79 

47 

41    3C 

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4-( 

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17 

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I-" 

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JO,  05  i:r.in,  cl 

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,  07  l|«lig1it  n 

.07 

d..do. 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


ZRSI9 

29  21BI 

im 

30  219 

9:i 

91 

5219 

Of. 

7|2I9 

9b 

95 

96 

13  2201 

9:>( 

3S 

|.U 

W» 

OUj   5 

253 

4pn..    1 

.4  H 

253      3|jni. 

951    51 

n\    31 

250   par.  3  pa.. 

"!t    ^? 

971   51 

! p.r.4pm.| 

97i|  51 

9?    

99 1' 4  pm. 

: — ;  5^2P"- 

m ; 2  6  pm. 

Ml  H  — ;,,.,.»,,■. 

904   SJ  ' ,.,. 

,^,_i_,_:_,,.,,„. 

96*. j i 

96J.  H  1 1 

fl                 1        i 

1          [ 

9pni. 
Spm. 


J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Shm  Broker, 

3,  CopthallCbunben,  Angal  Coort, 

nmpaoitaii  StrMt,  Loadsa. 


f .  I.  mCBOU  AHP  ai 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

FEBRUARY  1854. 


CONTENTS. 

PA  OB 

HTNOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— The  Oxford  Septnagint— Memorials  of  Charles  I.— Literary  and 

Topographical  Queries— The  Great  Bell  of  Trim    114 

Thomas  Moore  and  the  Quarterly  Review 115 

The  Lady  Eliiabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock   122 

Shrines  and  Images  of  the  Virgin  Mary  :  by  J.  6.  Waller 129 

Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary :  by  Thomas  Wright,  F.S.A. — The  Saxon  Cemetery 

at  Osengall — ^The  Antiquities  of  Hythe  (with  Bngravingt)   1.35 

Letters  of  Rachel  Lady  Russell   140 

The  Galway  Brooch  {with  an  Bngratfing) 146 

The  Septuagint  of  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society 148 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  STL V ANUS  URBAN.— King  James's  Irish  Army  List  in  1689-90— 
Theological  Papers  of  the  elder  William  Bowyer  the  Printer— On  the  Particle  Zv  in 
Herodotus    159 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Rejection  by  the  British  Museum  of  the  Faussett  Collection  of 
Anglo-Saxon  Antiquities  and  of  the  I^rpent  Collection  of  Plays— Formation  of  the  Surrey 
Archaeological  Society,  and  of  an  Archssological  Society  at  Bristol— Incorporation  of  the 
Wellington  College— Jenny  Lind  School  at  Norwich— Reformatory  Asylums  for  Criminals 
—The  Fereday  Fellowships  at  Oxford—  Prize  Essays— English  and  Foreign  Literary  Intelli- 
gence— The  Book  Manufacturers  of  New  York— London  Booksellers— Biography  of  Lord 
Plunket — Recent  Curiosities  of  Book  Auctions— Memorial  Window  at  Bury  St.  Edmund's 
— Restoration  of  the  Church  of  Clyst  St.  George,  co.  Devon   162 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Akerman's  Remains  of  Pagan  Saxon- 
dom— Roach  Smith's  Collectanea  Antiqna,  166 ;  Hunter's  Essay  on  the  Connection  of 
Bath  with  the  Literature  and  Science  of  England,  167;  SauU's  Essay  on  the  Connection 
between  Astronomical  and  Geological  Phenomena— Once  upon  a  Time,  by  Chas.  Knight- 
Cooper's  Guide  to  Lynton  and  places  adjacent,  168 ;  Various  Tiieological  works— Dod's 
Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage,  and  Parliamentary  Companion,  for  1854— Adams's 
Parliamentary  Handbook,  169 ;  Ranke's  History  of  Servia  and  the  Servian  Revolution, 
translated  by  Mrs.  A.  Kerr— The  Slave  Son,  by  Mrs.  Wilkins,  170 ;  Robinson's  Summer- 
day's  Dream  and  other  Poems — Elwes's  Ocean  and  her  Rulers- Mrs.  Crosland's  Memora- 
ble Women— Emilie.von  Carlen's  John,  or  a  Cousin  in  Hand  worth  two  Counts  in  the  Bush        171 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  172 ;  Archaeological  Institute,  173  ; 

Suffolk  Institute  of  Archaeology  and  Natural  History 176 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  177  ;  Domestic  Occurrences 178 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  181 ;  Birtlis  and  Marriages I8S 

OBITUART ;  with  Memoirs  of  General  Von  Radowitz ;  Tlie  Marchioness  Wellesley ;  Earl  of 
Dartmouth  ;  Earl  of  Portsmoutli ;  Lord  Plunket ;  Sir  T.  Theophilus  Metcalfe,  Bart. ;  Sir 
Richard  G.  Simeon.  Bart. ;  Sir  Richard  Jenkins,  G.C.B. ;  James  Thomason,  Esq. ;  Colonel 
Mackeson,  C.B. ;  Mce-Admiral  Dacres;  Colonel  Muttlebury,  C.B.;  James  Ewing,  Esq. ; 
Mrs.  Hoare ;  Rev.  W.  II.  Mill,  D.D. ;  Rev.  R.  Harington,  D.D. ;  Henry  Gunning,  Esq. ;  Seth 
Wm.  Stevenson,  Esq. ;  William  Maltby,  Esq. ;  James  Gillkrest,  M.D. ;  Mons.  de  Gerville ; 
Dr.  Fischer  de  Waldheim  ;  Herr  J.  C.  F.  Schneider ;  Rev.  Richard  Gillow ;  Mrs.  Opie ....  187—214 

Ci:.sxoT  Decbaskd  214 

DiATBS,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order    217 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  223;   Meteorological 

Diary— DaUy  Price  of  Stocks 224 


By    SYLVANUS   URBAN,    Gent. 


114 


illNdR  bORRESPdNbENCE. 


The  writer  of  the  article  on  the  Septua- 
gint  in  our  present  Magazine  was  not  aware, 
till  it  was  too  late  to  notice  the  fact,  that 
the  last  edition  of  the  LXX.  printed  at  the 
Clarendon  press,  1848,  not  only  follows 
the  Romish  order  of  the  books,  byMnter- 
iningling  the  uncanonical,  but  actually  is 
guilty  of  placing  **  Susanna"  in  the  front, 
and  "  Bel  et  Draco*'  at  the  close  of 
Daniel !  The  empty  space,  p.  1 829,  forms 
the  only  hint  of  any  difference  between 
apocryphal  and  canonical  Scriptures. 
T£A02AANIHA  nt»0*HTOr,  MS.  Alex, 
i^orms  the  subscription  to  the  whole  book. 
We  leave  our  readers  to  make  the  applica- 
tion. It  remains  for  the  public  to  deter- 
mine whether  these  Romanising  tendencies 
shall  be  allowed  to  disgrace  future  editions 
of  the  LXX. — Oxonii,  e  typoorapheo 

ACADEMICO. 

,  .Many  of  our  readers  are  doubtless  well 
acquainted  with  the  numerous  badges  and 
memorials  of  Charles  the  First,  worn  by 
the  Cavalier  party,  immediately  after  tlie 
death  of  their  royal  master.  Mr.  Edward 
Hawkins  published  some  of  the  most  re- 
inarkable  of  these  in  a  recent  number  of 
the  •'Numismatic  Chronicle."  Several 
occur  in  the  early  volumes  of  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  (see  Mr.  St.  Barbe's 
Index  of  Plates,  p.  189.)  They  consist 
chiefly  of  oval  medals,  having  on  one  side 
the  portrait  of  Charles,  and  on  the  other 
that  of  his  Queen  or  his  Son.  Some  are 
fashioned  in  the  form  of  a  heart,  which  is 
made  hollow  to  receive  portions  of  the 
hair  of  the  unfortunate  monarch.  We  have 
recently  seen  in  the  shop  of  a  picture 
dealer  in  London,  a  portrait  which  plainly 
shows  how  these  badges  were  worn.  The 
portrait  has  an  inscription,  "  Sir  Robert 
Cooke  of  Highnam,  in  Gloucestershire, 
1629."  The  costume  is  that  of  a  cavalier 
of  the  period,  with  a  buff  coat  and  gorget, 
and  from  the  neck  depends,  on  a  black 
ribbon,  a  medal  of  the  kind  above  de- 
scribed.— Literary  Gazette, 

R.  J.  is  informed  that  the  memoir  of 
the  Rev.  Alexander  Crowcher  Schomberg 
in  Nichols's  "  Literary  Illustrations,"  vol. 
▼.  p.  278,  was  chiefly  taken  front  a  Bath 
newspaper  as  far  as  line  •  •  in  p.  280.  It  is 
not  known  who  was  the  author  of  that 
article.  It  certainly  was  not  the  Rev. 
Benj.  Forster.  The  latter  part  of  the 
^hombevg  article  was  from  the  pen  of  the 
Rev.  Sir  Herbert  Croft,  Bart,  of  whom 
there  is  a  memoir  in  thq  »ame  volume,  p. 
202.  These  dramas  are  not  noticed  in  the 
Biographia  Dramatica. — la  answer  to  R. 


J.'s  second  inquiry,  he  is  informed  that 
the  anecdotes  of  Dr.  John  Trusler,  in  our 
Magazine  for  1820,  ii.  p.  121,  were,  it  is 
believed,  written  by  Mr.  John  Nichols,  as 
h^  i;B  the  "veteran"  alluded  to  in  the 
agreernent  with  Dr.  Trusler  jointly  to  write 
a  tragedy  in  1767. 

J.  T.  M.  says,  "  In  *  M.  Sorbiere's 
Journey  to  London,'  1698,  it  is  said,  *  The 
squores  in  London  are  many  and  very 
beautiful,  as  St.  James's  Sohoe,  Blooms- 
bury,  Red  Lyon,  Devonshire,  none  of  the 
lai*ge8t, ,  and  Hogsdon,  not  yet  finished.' 
I*hi8  passage  nearly  gives  the  date  of  their 
building.  What  is  Hogsdon  Square? 
Further  on  the  writer  says,  *  Islington  is 
as  famous  for  calves  as  Stepney  is  for 
biinns.'  Has  the  memory  of  these  de- 
scended to  our  times  ?  West  of  London, 
Chelsea  has  latterly  had  a  reputation  for 
buns.  What  is  the  origin  of '  Horseguard 
Plum-pudding  ?'  Was  it  first  sold  at  a 
stall  near  the  Horseguards,  as  the  name 
would  indicate?'  Did  'Parliament  gin> 
gerbiead '  derive  its  name  from  a  similar 
cause  ? 

The  Great  Bell  qf  TVim.— The  late 
Duke  of  Wellington  spent  many  of  his 
early  days  in  the  town  of  Trim,  in  the 
county  of  Waterford,  and  when  scarcely 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  was  elected  one 
of  the  members  to  represent  it  in  the  par- 
liament of  Ireland.  When  the  news  of 
his  death  reached  Trimi  the  Very  Rev. 
Dean  Butler  caused  a  chime  to  be  tolled 
as  a  mark  of  respect  to  the  event.  The 
large  bell,  which  was  considered  one  of 
the  finest  and  sweetest  in  Ireland,  had 
scarcely  sounded  a  second  time,  when  it 
broke,  and  became  mute.  Singular  to  say, 
on  examining  the  bell,  it  was  found  to  have 
been  cast  by  Edmund  Blood  in  1769,  the 
very  year  in  which  the  Duke  wss  born. 
It  has  since  been  recast  at  the  factory  of 
Mr.  Hodges,  Abbey-street,  Dublin. — 
M9ath  Herald, 

In  the  memoir  of  Mr.  James  Ainsworth, 
Dec.  p.  645,  Lancastrian  notices  a  few 
verbal  errors.  "  Cliff'  Point"  is  in  Higher 
Broughton  (as  the  name  would  imply,  the 
whole  of  Lower  Broughton  being  a  level). 
"  Plessington"  is  usually  pronounced  and 
spelled  **  Pleasington.^*  Again,  "  Scot- 
land" should  be  *'  spotland,"  a  suburb  of 
the  town  of  Rochdale  ;  and  it  would  be 
more  accurate  to  describe  "  Woodgate" 
in  the  township  of  Clifton,  Eccles  parish. 

January.  P.  60,  col.  2,  line  17 1  for 
iSyng  read  Tyng, 


THE 

GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THOMAS  MOORE. 


Memoirs,  Journal,  and  Correspondence  of  Thomas  Moore.     Edited  by  the  Right  Hon. 

Lord  John  Russell,  M.P.    Vols.  V.  and  VI.  ' 

IN  our  last  notice  of  the  Memoirs  cessary  to  address  a  request  to  spare 
of  Moore  we  left  the  poet  in  joyous  a  friend ;  if  the  request  had  been  made 
company  with  Scott  at  Abbotsford.  to  the  other  party,  asking  him  to  spare 
The  fif\h  volume  introduces  him  again  Moore,  what  would  have  been  the  re- 
in the  same  brilliant  society,  and  with  suit?  Probably,  while  Moore  was  alive, 
nothing  heavier  to  oppress  the  bard  and  able  to  wield  his  pen,  it  might 
than  tne  weight,  gracefully  borne,  of  have  been  successful ;  had  Moore  been 
his  forty-six  years.  This  was  in  No-  dead,  it  woujd  have  served  only  to 
vember  1825.  The  sixth  volume  closes  give  an  additional  zest  to  the  pleasure 
with  October  1833.  of  safe  malignity."    No  one  will  read 

Here,  then,  we  have  the  chequered  this  sentence  without  instantly  recalling 

records  of  eight  years,  over  which,  if  to  mind  the  cruel  ru^anism  with  which 

there  was  much   sparkling  sunshine,  the  deceased  poet  has  been  assailed  by 

there  was  also  much  of  cloud  and  tcm-  the    Quarterly    Review.     We    have, 

pest,  and  during  which,  if  our  hero  happily,  never  seen  hatred  nursed  to 

proceeded   in   his  triumphant  career,  such  a  fiery  heat  as  in  the  savage  article 

there  stood  the  slave  by  the  wheel  of  in  question.     It  had  been  kept  bottled 

his  car  to  remind  him  that  man  was  up  during  the  poet's  lifetime,  ready  to 

the  heir  of  disappointment,  and  that  be  outpoured  over  his  good  name  when 

earth,  however  beautiful,  was  covered  death  should  have  sealed  his  lips  and 

with  tombs.     It  was  an  eight  years  of  rendered    retort    impossible.      When 

tears   and  smiles,  of  enjoyment  and  the  Irish  convicts  prepared  their  bot- 

suffering ;  and  not  only  does  the  bitter  ties  of  vitriol  they  at  least  intended  to. 

portion  abound,  but  in  his  gayest  mo-  fling  them  in  the  faces  of  living  men, 

ments  his   heart  was  often   inwardly  but  the  Quarterly  has  kept  its  corro- 

bleeding,  while  the  smile  was  in  his  sive  sublimate  till  the  bard  was  coffined, 

eyes  and  the  echoes  of  song  yet  upon  and  then  tearing  away  the  lid  it  scat- 

his  lips.  ters   its  poison   upon  the   body,   and 

But  his  heart  never  appears  to  have  having  created   hideous    ruin    impu- 

been  embittered  towards  others  by  his  dently  asserts  that  beauty  never  there 

own  severe  domestio  trials ;  and  the  existed. 

remembrance  of  this  fact  reminds  us  It  is  lamentable  to  see  how  prejudice 

of  an  entry  in  the  journal  for  the  7th  and  personal  hatred  have  blinded  the 

April,  1832.     It   is  to  the   following  Quarterly  to  the  actual  truth.   Against 

effect :    "  Barnes  begged  me,  in  any-  plain  and  palpable  facts,  it  has  elabo- 

thing  I  might  now  write  for  the  Times,  rately  endeavoured   to  persuade  the 

to  spare  Croker ;  which  I  told  him  was  world   that  Moore  was  vain  without 

an  unnecessary  caution,  as  Croker  and  having  ground  for  some  vanity,  that  he 

I  were  old  allies."     On  this  text  Lord  was  a  violator  of  truth,  without  honour 

John    Russell    writes    the    following  as  a  man,  and  void  of  affection  as  a 

comment :  **  To  Moore  it  was  unne-  husband.    Fortunately  the  arguments 


116 


Thomas  Moore. 


[Feb. 


of  the  Quarterly  are  like  a  flail  in  the 
hands  of  an  awkward  thresher,  break- 
ing the  head  occasionally  of  the  over- 
conceited  wielder. 

The  charge  of  vanity  is  founded  on 
the  records  made  in  his  Journal  of  the 
tributes  paid  him  by  society  in  his 
character  of  poet  and  minstrel.  These 
records  speak  of  the  praises  showered 
upon  him,  of  the  tears  that  fall  from 
fair  eyes  when  he  sings,  and  of  the 
honours  conferred  upon  him  whenever 
he  appeared  in  public.  Now  it  is  very 
clear  that  these  entries  are  made  in  a 
pure  spirit  of  modesty,  for  they  are 
almost  mvariably  phrased  so  as  to  show 
that  the  writer  could  hardly  believe 
that  he  had  achieved  the  greatness,  of 
which  these  honours  were  but  the 
testimony.  It  must  be  remembered, 
too,  that  if  he  registers  the  eulogy,  he 
also  as  honestly  and  candidly  journal- 
izes his  failures;  and  if  in  bis  private 
journal  he  notices  with  pleasurable 
emotion  the  roses  flung  in  his  path, 
the  verses  are  patent  to  all  the  world, 
wherein  he  asserts  that  the  golden 
rewards  of  his  graceful  song  were  like 
the  fortunes  that  tulip-fanciers  used 
to  cast  away  in  purchase  of  a  flower. 

The  homage  he  received  had  been 
well  earned,  and  if  he  were  at  last 
proud  of  it,  it  is  only  the  dunces  and 
the  inferior  wits  who  were  silenced  in 
his  presence  who  will  never  forgive 
him.  The  two  volumes  now  before 
us  speak  of  homage  that  might  have 
excused  more  vanity  than  influenced 
Moore.  We  read  of  priests  putting 
up  Lalla  Rookh  to  raflle,  and  building 
churches  with  the  proceeds.  We  hear 
of  grave  Scotch  presbyters  entering 
his  dressing-room  and  petitioning  for 
a  lock  of  his  hair.  From  him  pnysi- 
cians  would  not  take  fees,  and  the 
Koman  Catholic  Church  declared, 
through  its  primate,  that  he  rather 
than  Swift  was  the  glory  of  Ireland. 
We  see  him  leaving  chapel  in  Dublin, 
with  the  entire  congregation  escorting 
him  in  silence,  and  takine  ofi*  their 
hats  as  he  crossed  the  threshold  of  the 
happy  mother  who  witnessed  this  ova- 
tion of  her  well-deserving  son.  Prin- 
cesses begged  to  be  introduced  to  him, 
and  ladies  bestowed  on  him  the  pret- 
tiest flowers  of  their  bouquets;  and 
most  pleasant,  perhaps,  of  all,  when 
he  once  had  taken  a  chance  dinner 
with  a  bevy  of  bright  girls,  whose 


Earents  happened  to  be  absent  from 
ome,  he  heard  them,  as  he  went  on 
his  way,  singing  his  own  "Hip,  hip, 
hurrah ! "  by  way  of  parting  salute  to 
the  happiest  yet  not  the  vainest  of 
bards ! 

It  is  a  fact  susceptible  of  proof  that 
he  was  more  modest  with  respect  to 
his  own  productions  than  any  English 
poet  whom  we  can  call  to  mind.   Gold- 
smith told  Cradock  that  his  "  Hermit" 
defled  amendment.     Sou  the  v  compla- 
cently compared  his  epic  with  "  Para- 
dise Lost,"  and  prophesied  immortality 
for  his  deadly  heavy  histories.      He 
spoke  of  Joan  of  Arc  as  making  an 
epoch   in   the  history  of  poetry ;  he 
ranked  his  Thalaba  with  Orlando  Fu- 
rioso,  and  was  vain  enough  to  declare 
that  he  had  more  gold  and  less  dross 
in  his  verse  than  the  renowned  Ariosto. 
When    the    young   Templar   compli- 
mented Dryden  on  his  "Alexander's 
Feast,"  glorious  John  answered,  "  You 
are  right,  young  gentleman ;  a  nobler 
ode  never  was  produced,  nor  ever  will ! " 
Even   this  strong   assertion   in  weak 
English  may  not  have  been  inspired 
by  vanity,  but  by  a  conscious  convic- 
tion of  the  merits  of  the  piece  spoken 
of;  but,  however  this  may  be,  Moore 
never  uttered  an  opinion  so  forcibly  in 
recommendation  of  his  own  works  as 
those  of  Goldsmith,  Southey,  and  Dry- 
den, noticed  above.   As  for  Lis  sojourn- 
ing with  the  great,  and  often,  like  La 
Fontaine's   pigeon,   winging  his   way 
from  his  own  dove-cote,  he  was  more 
entitled  to  the  distinction  with  which 
he  was   treated,  by  Lord  and  Lady 
Lansdowne  especially,  than   indolent 
Gay  at  the  Queensberries,  or  leaden 
Whitehead  at  Lord  Jersey's.     His  ab- 
sences from  home  were  often  lamented 
by  himself,  but  they  were  commented 
upon,  with  respect  to  his  admirable  wife, 
after  a  more  afiectionate  fashion  than 
that  of  Dryden  in  similar  circumstances. 
Dryden,  without    being    tempted    to 
roam,  as  Moore  was,  constantly  resided 
in  one  place,  while  Lady  Elizabeth  was 
in  another ;  and  when  the  latter  ob- 
served that  she  wished  he  were  a  book, 
to  enioy  more  of  his  company,  the  poet 
ungallantly  remarked  that  he  wished 
she  were  an  almanack,  that  he  might 
change  her  once  a  year  !     Had  Moore 
ever  been  guilty  of  a  retort  like  this, 
then  the  Quarterly  mieht  have  had 
some  shadow  of  excuse  tor  its  barba- 


1854.] 


Thom(M  Moore. 


117 


rous  attempt  to  convince  the  mourning 
widow  of  the  bard  that  her  husband*s 
asserted  affection  for  her  was  a  mere 
sham.  It  might  as  well  be  said  that 
Dr.  Chalmers,  who  registers  in  his 
journal  all  the  praise  he  received  for 
his  sermons,  and  all  the  fits  of  passion 
with  which  he  visited  his  wife,  that  he 
was  the  slave  of  vanity,  and  the  tyrant 
of  one  whom  he  loved  and  esteemed. 
Imperfections  of  character  are  not  to 
be  taken  for  deliberate  wickedness. 

What  would  be  the  lot  of  the  veriest 
country  clown  who  should  rudely  go 
to  that  house  in  a  village  where  a 
widow  sat  alone  in  her  unobtrusive 
sorrow,  and,  smashing  in  the  windows, 
make  coarse  assertion  that  she  was 
weeping  for  one  who  was  worthless  ? 
why,  such  a  knave  would  be  carried  to 
the  pump,  to  be  afterwards  cudgelled 
into  dryness.  But  of  this  atrocious 
outrage  the  Quarterly  has  been  guilty, 
out  of  mere  malice  or  wantonness. 
Whenever  Moore  makes  affectionate 
mention  of  home  and  its  dearest  inha- 
bitants, the  Quarterly  Review  professes 
to  know  that  this  was  mere  lying  ;  and 
when  the  diarist  omits  to  speak  in  his 
journal  of  those  nearest  and  dearest 
to  him,  the  omission  itself  is  taken  as 
a  proof  that  he  cared  nothing  for  those 
whom,  it  is  really  clear,  he  cherished, 
absent  or  present,  in  his  heart  of  hearts. 
How  fierce  must  the  personal  hatred 
have  been  that  would  even  smite  the 
wife  rather  than  spare  the  husband 
whom  she  loved. 

No  ;  the  Quarterly  will  have  it  that 
Moore  lacked  feeling.  If  sorrow  visited 
him,  he  was  soon  after  to  be  found 
among  gay  crowds.  Why  not  ? — and 
what  does  it  prove  ?  Did  Evelyn  lack 
feeling  ?  In  a  time  of  public  conster- 
nation as  well  as  of  private  afiliction 
(1659)  Evelyn  went  "to  sec  a  new 
opera  after  the  Italian  way."  "My 
heart  smote  me  for  it,"  says  the  same 
diarist.  So  with  Moore;  we  meet  him, 
perhaps,  in  a  festive  throng  somewhat 
early  after  he  has  passed  through  a 
furnace  of  severe  trial,  and  "  bowed 
down  with  remorse "  is  the  accusing 
reconl  of  the  man  whom  the  deter- 
mined hatred  of  his  enemy  assails  as 
lacking  feeling.  In  this  respect  tlie 
Ileview  is  like  a  fellow  who  st'cing  a 
friend  bathing,  an<l  deteetini^  a  mole 
on  his  skin,  iunnediately  rn.s}H;s  home 
and  proclaims  that  he  is  a  leper  all 


over.  Strip  the  fellow  who  so  pro- 
claims, and  he  will  probably  be  found 
a  very  dirty  fellow  indeed.  But  the 
Aztecs  deemed  slave-dealing  and  other 
rascalities  honourable,  and  the  Quar- 
terly Review  would  seem  to  hold  that 
literary  assassination  is  among  the 
noblest  of  callings.  It  treats  character 
as  De  Pedroza  taught  his  countrymen 
to  test  emeralds, — hy  smashing  them. 

There  is  something  singularly  fiend- 
ish in  the  attempt  made  by  the  deceased 
poet's  assailant  to  shew  that  he  disre- 
garded truth  even  on  solemn  occasions. 
Moore  has  said  that  he  could  not  re- 
collect how  he  spent  a  certain  evening 
many  years  before,  but  he  states  some 
circumstances  which  occurred  therein. 
The  Quarterly  convicts  him  of  menda- 
city after  the  strangest  of  fashions.  It 
produces  a  letter  written  by  Moore  at 
the  remote  period  to  which  Moore*s 
memory  a  score  of  years  afterwards 
went  but  imperfectly  back,  and  by 
shewing  what  he  wrote  in  his  youth, 
thinks  that  the  forgetting  it  in  his  man- 
hood is  evidence  of  a  lie.  Why  what 
a  scurvy  assassin  of  reputation  is  this 
same  Quarterly ! — blinded  by  its  fero- 
city to  the  absurdity  as  well  as  the 
hideousness  of  its  proceeding. 

There  is  just  such  an  instance  of  for- 
getfulness,  but  less  natural,  in  Pepys's 
Diary.  On  the  22nd  March,  1665,  he 
says  he  was  at  Sir  William  Petty's, 
where  he  adds,  "  I  saw  Waller  the  poet, 
lohom  I  never  saw  before.^*  He  is  a 
dreadful  liar,  would  be  at  once  the 
assertion  and  argument  of  the  Quar- 
terly. And  why  ?  because  less  than  a 
year  before  he  had  made  an  entry,  the 
circumstances  of  which  he  doubtless 
subsequently  forgot.  It  is  to  this  effect. 
On  the  12th  Aiay,  1664,  he  relates 
having  attended  at  a  conference  be- 
tween the  Lords  and  Commons  in  the 
Painted  Chamber,  and  he  reports 
Waller  s  witty  sayings  there,  as  heard 
by  him,  on  a  question  of  granting  pri- 
vdeges  to  the  Lords,  which,  if  allowed 
by  tne  Commons,  would  be,  said  Wal- 
ler, like  a  man  who  allowed  his  neigh- 
bour to  pluck  out  the  hairs  of  his 
mare's  tail  one  by  one !  And  again, 
here  is  another  case  in  point  in  the 
sixth  volume  of  these  Memoirs.  Moore 
says  (July  5,  1829),  "Lord  Strang- 
ford  shewed  me  a  note  from  Can- 
ning, which  he  had  lately  found,  and 
which    oddly    enough,   notwithstand- 


118 


Thomas  Moore. 


[Feb. 


ing  his  own  admission  to  Napier  that 
the  despatch  was  written  in   Brnton 
Street,  proved,  that  after  all,  it  was 
written    in   Stanhope    Street.      This, 
though  of  no  consequence  otherwise, 
shows  at  least  how  little  memory  is  to 
be  depended  upon."    The  conclusion 
of  the  Quarterly  (at  least  if  it  were 
blinded  by  insane  hatred  of  Canning) 
would  be  that  the  statesman  was  de- 
cidedly subject  to  fits  of  mendacity ; 
and  that  this  was  the  lie  deliberate  I 
We  might  cite  many  other  instances 
from  the  Diary  to  show  that  a  man 
may  very  easily  fail  in  his  memory 
without  at  all  necessarily  failing  in  his 
truth.     As  for  the  Quarterly's  fruitless 
insinuation  that,  in  the  affair  of  Byron's 
papers,  Moore  was  not  so  honourable 
of  dealing  as  he  has  stated  in  his  Diary, 
the  insinuation  is  really  beneath  notice ; 
but  it  is  as  nastily  meant  ns  the  blus- 
tering assurances  of  respect  for  Mrs. 
Moore,  qualified  by  a  sort  of  starched 
horror,  worthy  of  Miss  MacTab,  that 
the  lady  in  question  was  once  connected 
with  the  drama !     In  similar  spirit  is 
the  sneer  at  a  poet  mingling  his  high 
professicm  with  a  registrarship  in  Ber- 
muda.    But  Wordsworth's  poems  are 
nothing  the   worse    for    the  writer's 
having  been  a  distributor  of  stamps. 
Still,    sneers    the   Quarterly,    Moore 
wrote  a  poor  operatic  play.     Well! 
that  was  more  to  his  credit  than  if  he 
had  united  with  two  other  great  wits, 
as  Pope  did  with  Gay  and  Arbuthnot, 
to  write  such   a  "beastly"' farce  as 
"  Three  Hours   after   MaiTiage,"   for 
laughing  at  which,  too.  Pope  took  such 
lasting  vengeance  upon  Cibber.     At 
all  events,  says  the  Quarterly,  deter- 
mined to  get  a  conviction  for  petty 
larceny,  if  it  cannot  for  murder,  Moore 
wrote  loose  rhymes.     He  did,  and  was 
sorry  for  it.    But  Pope,  who  wrote  the 
Universal  Prayer,  was  guilty  of  the 
epilogue  to  Jane  Shore;  and  Waller 
deified  dirty  passions  before  he  cele- 
brated Divine  Love.    The  offences  of 
Moore  were  more  refined  in  style,  and 
were  more  nobly  compensated  for.   He 
was  a  pensioner !  roars  the  Quarterly. 
60  was  Ben   Jonson,  and   with    less 
desert,   as  well   as   less  contentment, 
for  Moore  never,  like  Jonson,  deafened 
the  king's  ears  for  an  increase  in  his 
annuity. 

When  the  Quarterly  sneers  at  Moore 
as  a  mere  satirist  writing  for  pay,  it 


does  not  so  much  remind  us  of  the  ass 
kicking  the  dead  lion,  whose  roar  it  no 
longer  fears,  as  the  envenomed  hornet 
piercing  the  breast  of  the  now  mute 
nightingale,  and  exulting  in  the  death 
and  silence  of  the  minstrel.    As  for 
being  a  satirist,  it  is  well  indeed  for  his 
malignant  enemy  that  he  who  wielded 
the  light  but  cutting  shafts  of  satire 
can  no  longer  smite  those  whom  his 
death  alone  has  made  bravely  eloquent 
in  evil  speaking.    As  Dryden  remarks, 
"A  poet,  indeed,  must  live    by  the 
many"  (and  therefore  Moore  wrote  his 
lighter  pieces) ;  "  but  a  great  poet  will 
make  it  his  business  to  please  only  the 
few."     Such  was  the  bard's  aim  in  the 
creation  of  his  greater  works;  and  how 
his  success  even  surpassed  that  aim  is 
too  well  known  to  need   description 
here.     The  faint  praise  with  which  the 
Quarterly  candies  its  calumny  is  only 
adding  insult  to  injury.     It  reminds 
us  of  the  assassin  Pizarros,  who,  when- 
ever they  murdered  a  friend,  always 
attended  his  funeral  with  double  show 
of  mourning.     So  the  Quarterly  slays 
Moore's  reputation,  and  affects  to  be- 
wail its  own  act.    It  treats  him  as  poet 
even  more  unfairly  than  as  man ;  as 
though  what  he  had  built  in  m*aceful 
rhyme  was  not  in  itself  perrect,  but 
rather  like   those    Peruvian    temples 
whose  walls  indeed  were  of  solid  gold, 
but  carrying  a  roof  made  of  the  dirtiest 
thatch.     As  man  and  as  poet  the  de- 
ceased bard  merited  far  different  treat- 
ment  than   the  savage    and   fiendish 
brutality  which  he  haa  met  with  in  the 
pages  of  the  Quarterly.     In  chivalrous 
days  a  living  knight  would  have  cour- 
teously spoken  an  culogium  over  the 
bier  of  the  once  fiercest  of  his  adver- 
saries; but  the  days   of  chivalry  are 
past,  and  the  Quarterly,  tearing  from 
Its  cerements  the  body  of  the  lifeless 
poet,  fastens  upon  it  with  the  unclean 
ecstacy  of  an  Egyptian  embalmer,  and 
visits  with  pollution  that  which  should 
have  secured  at  least  respect. 

But  let  us  turn  again  to  the  volumes 
before  us.  They  give  the  almost  daily 
life  of  the  bard  during  a  period  marked 
by  the  production  of  some  of  the  best 
of  his  prose  writings,  and  some  of  the 
cleverest  of  his  satires.  Of  the  persons 
whom  he  encountered  during  that 
period,  or  with  whom  he  associated, 
ne  gives  slight  but  admirable  outline 
sketches,  sometimes,  indeed,  depicting 


1854.]  Th 

tliem  wip  a  touch.  We  may  instance, 
amon^  a  hundred  others,  the  portrait 
of  Miss  ^dgeworth,  so  pretty  in  books, 
and  so  prosj  in  pubhc;  a  lady  who 
talked  so  well  in  print  and  so  poorly 
in  the  parlour ;  who  would  fling,  as  the 
Grerinan  proverb  says,  her  parsley  into 
pvery  iuan*s  soup,  and  who  spoiled 
general  conversation  by  suqh  a  season- 
ing. We  leave  these  sketches,  the  wit 
and  the  stories  accompanying  them,  to 
the  daily  journals,  wnose  columns  are 
ieeming  with  them.  We  prefer  re- 
stricting ourselves,  as  in  a  previous 
'^rticlej  to  the  personal  character  and 
career  of  the  author — on  whose  brow, 
henceforth,  the  cypress  is  entwined 
with  the  laurel. 

In  1825  his  father  died — if  we  may 
so  speak  it, "  picturesquely."  The  Irish 
government  offered  to  transfer  the  old 
man's  pension  to  one  of  Moore's  sisters, 
but  the  poet,  if  comparatively  poor, 
was  proud  also,  and  he  declined  the 
offer,  taking  the  charge  of  the  old 
household  upon  himself.  His  mother 
survived  some  years  longer,  and  her 
almost  dying  words  were  as  a  crown 
on  the  deserts  of  so  good  a  son : — "Well, 
my  dear  Tom,  I  can  say,  with  my  dying 
breath,  that  you  have  from  the  first  to 
the  last  done  your  duty — and  far  more, 
indeed,  than  your  duty — by  me  and 
all  connected  with  you.  I  can  say  so 
from  my  heart." 

But  the  great  affliction  of  these 
years  of  Moore's  life  was  the  death  of 
his  daughter  Anastasia — the  rose  in  the 
chaplet  of  his  children.  The  Inevitable 
Angel  had  long  been  hovering  over 
this  Tair  child  before  she  was  finally 
summoned  away.  The  poet  records  a 
visit  made  to  her  at  school,  when  he  saw 
her  crowned  with  a  wreath  of  honour, 
and  as  full  of  smiles,  he  sadly  says,  as 
though  earth  contained  not  a  tomb. 
They  who  may  compare  Evelyn's  record 
of  the  decease  of  his  marvellous  boy, 
slain  by  too  much  knowledge,  with  that 
made  by  Moore  of  the  death  of  this 
sweet  girl,  will  see  how  the  same  pa- 
rental anguish  may  be  diversely  illus- 
trated. Evelyn,  at  the  death-bed  of 
his  little  son,  could  discourse  with  the 
poor  child  on  tremendous  mysteries 
which  even  man's  comprehension  can- 
not compass ;  but  the  infant  sufferer, 
afler  all,  had  his  death  accelerated 
through  the  carelessness  of  servants  to 
whose  ckre  he  was  confided,  br  to  whose 


m 


omas  Moore, 


119 


neglect  he  was  iriskcd.  The  path  of 
Anastasia,  on  the  other  hand,  was 
covered  with  flowers,  and  the  feigned 
smiles  of  the  parents  were  designed  to 
convejr  the  hope  which  did  not  reside 
in  their  own  hearts.  There  is  some- 
thing inexpressibly  touching  in  the 
simple  narrative  of  this  agonising  scene, 
— a  scene  wherein,  as  is  indeed  usually 
the  case,  the  necessary  heroism  was 
sustained  solely  by  the  mother.  Th^ 
aspect  of  death  In  a  beloved  child  oflen 
paralyses  a  father's  power  of  action. 
He  can  weep,  and  only  weep ;  but  it 
is  the  mission  of  woman  not  only  to 
mourn,  but  to  act :  to  provide  a  triple 
consolation, — comfort  for  the  depart- 
ing, solace  for  her  co-Survivors,  and 
bjum,  if  she  have  time  for  it,  for  her 
own  poor  heart.  Moore  does  ample 
justice  to  his  incomparable  wife  in  this 
respect.  Her  sorrows,  to  judge  from 
the  pages  of  the  diary,  never  made  her 
selfish :  but  true  women  are  ever  mo^t 
true  in  calamity.  It  is  generally  the 
season  when  man  ceases  tp  be  a  hero, 
and  Moore  was  not  so  in  presence  of 
this  crowning  sorrow  of  his  life ;  an^ 
yet  he  might  have  found  consolation. 
Years  before  he  had  stood  for  a  mo- 
ment beside  the  couch  of  his  sleeping 
child,  and,  as  he  gazed  upon  her,  had 
prayed  Heaven  to  keep  her  pure  and 
innocent.  Heaven  heard  his  prayer, 
and,  but  for  that  poor,  rebel  numan 
nature  that  will  shrink  at  such  visita- 
tions, and  will  not  comprehend  them, 
Moore  might  have  gratefully  resigned 
to  God  the  child  that  was  as  pure  and 
stainless  as  the  snowdrops  which  the  • 
poor  mother  placed  on  the  bosom  of 
the  unconscious  Anastasia. 

After  the  death  which  robbed  Moore 
of  the  last  of  his  daughters,  the  pages 
of  his  diary — as  the  record  of  an  active 
life  must  do — often  indeed  register  in? 
cidents  of  gaiety,  but  it  is  clear  that 
the  blow  was  felt  by  him  as  irrecover- 
able. He  fears  to  open  his  journal, 
lest  his  eye  should  fall  on  the  page  that 
holds  the  sad  entry  of  her  death.  He 
visits  the  tomb,  but  with  power  to  take 
but  a  hasty  glance.  Tears  well  up 
into  his  eyes,  and  sobs  choke  his  utter- 
ance, in  gay  saloons  where  all  else  is 
unbroken  festivity.  "When  shall  I 
sing  again?"  is  the  affecting  question 
written  down  by  him  long  after  the 
blow  had  fallen  which  haa  made  him 
silent  to  song  \  and  whon,  on  Qccasion 


120 


Thomas  Moore. 


[Feb. 


of  addressing  an  auditory  in  Dublin, 
he  suddenly  paused  and  turned  pale, 
his  sympathising  wife,  who  was  present, 
made  the  significant  remark,  **  He  is 
thinking  of  Anastasia." 

The  most  irreconcilable  circum- 
stances in  these  volumes  are  the  con- 
clusions at  which  he  arrives  in  his 
"  Travels  of  an  Irish  Gentleman  in 
search  of  a  Religion,**  duly  related, 
and  some  other  entries  made  on  dif- 
ferent occasions.  Moore  sat  down  to 
write  this  book  with  the  purpose  of 
showing  that  the  Roman  Catholic  Reli- 
gion was  the  only  religion  in  which 
there  was  salvation,  and  that  he  who 
did  not  hold  it  could  not  depend  upon 
safety  here  or  hereafter.  The  volume 
ends  with  a  passage  to  that  purpose ; 
and  in  one  of  the  entries  of  the  Diary, 
Moore  records  having  stated  to  Lord 
John  Russell  his  belief  that  Romanism 
was  identical  with  primitive  Chris- 
tianity, and  that  Protestantism  was  a 
departure  from  it.  Now  this  assertion 
is  m  deliberate  antagonism  with  others 
made  by  Moore  in  his  letters,  conver- 
sations, and  diary,  and,  we  need  not 
add,  that  his  practice  was  not  ac- 
cordant with  this  theory.  Our  readers 
will  recollect  the  opinions,  bitterly 
adverse  to  Romanism,  which  Moore 
expressed  to  Lady  Donegal.  At  a 
later  period,  when  standing  near  the 
body  of  his  deceased  father,  "  our  con- 
versation** (between  himself  and  sister) 
"  naturally  turned  upon  religion,  and 
my  sister  Kate,  who,  the  last  time  I 
saw  her,  was  more  than  half  inclined 
to  declare  herself  a  Protestant,  told 
me  she  had  since  taken  my  advice  and 
quietly  remained  a  Catholic.  For 
myself,**  he  adds,  "  my  having  married 
a  Protestant  wife  gave  me  an  oppor- 
tunity of  choosing  a  religion,  at  least 
for  my  children,  and  if  my  marriage 
had  no  other  advantage,  J  should  think 
this  quite  sufficient  to  be  grateful  for.** 
In  November  1827,  we  find  him  say- 
ing : — "  Went  to  church  at  Bessy *s 
particular  request :  would  go  oftener 
but  for  the  smging.**  An  unmusical 
service  set  his  very  nature  out  of  tune ; 
and  when  he  attends  the  service  of  the 
mass  at  Warwick  Street  Chapel,  he 
honestlv  avows  that  the  harmony  sub- 
dues his  very  reason,  and  that  good 
music  is  able  to  make  him  believe  any- 
thing. Thus,  April  1st,  1832,  "  Have 
always  intended  to  go  some  time  to 
1 


the  Warwick  Street  Chapel,  during 
my  visit  to  town,  the  music  there  is  so 
good,  but  something  has  always  pre- 
vented me.  Reserved  this  morning 
for  the  purpose ;  breakfasted  at 
Brookes*s,  and  went;  a  mass  of  Haydn*s 
performed ;  and  being  alone  I  had  my 
full  enjoyment  of  it.  M^  mind  being 
just  now  full  of  Catholic  reading,  I 
felt  myself  transported  back  to  the 
days  of  the  St.  Ambroses  and  St. 
Chrysostoms,  when  Christianity  was 
yet  in  the  first  glow  and  enthusiasm 
of  its  triumph  ;  and  while  the  Sanctus 
was  sin^ng,  *  that  dread  moment,*  as 
St.  Cyril  calls  it,  found  my  eves  full 
of  tears.  What  will  not  music  make 
me  feel  and  believe?**  This  entry 
only  proves  the  extreme  "  impres- 
sionability **  of  our  poet,  who  was  as 
little  of  a  Papist,  yet  certainlv  as  much 
of  a  Christian,  as  his  co-religionist  and 
brother  poet  the  didactic  Pope.  Moore 
had  the  same  sort  of  liberality  as  that 
which  the  Twickenham  Votes  has  ex- 
pressed in  the  Universal  Prayer.  He 
would  as  readily  have  worshipped  with 
Carlyle  in  the  latter*s  "  Cathedral  of 
Immensities,**  as  with  Bowles  in  Wilt- 
shire Churches,  or  with  the  Arundells 
and  Howards  in  their  private  chapels. 
His  creed  was  that  Goa  was  with  them 
that  sought  him  in  spirit  and  truth, 
and  that  forms  were  secondary  things 
where  the  heart  was  single  and  rested 
on  its  Maker.  It  was  because  of  such 
feelings  that  he  always  experienced  a 
nearer  sense  of  Heaven  when  he  was 
solitary  in  his  chamber,  or  abroad,  but 
still  alone,  and  sending  upward  from  his 
heart  winged  prayer  and  praise,  sacri- 
fices of  thanksgiving  to  the  Creator. 
And  in  such  faith  he  acknowledges  that 
he  finds  calmness  and  content,  fn  June 
1831,  "  Sydney  Smith  asked  me  how 
I  felt  about  dying  ?  Answered,  that  if 
my  mind  was  but  at  ease  about  the 
comfort  of  those  I  left  behind,  I  should 
leave  the  world  without  much  regret, 
having  passed  a  very  happy  life,  and 
enjoyed  (as  much  perhaps  as  ever  man 
did  yet)  all  that  is  enjoyable  in  it, 
the  only  single  thing  I  have  had  to 
complain  of  being  want  of  money ;  I 
could  therefore  die  with  the  same 
words  that  Jortin  died,  *  I  have  bad 
enough  of  every  thing.*  *'  Yes,  he  had 
enjoyed ;  and,  what  is  very  rare  in  the 
class  of  which  he  was  the  chief  and 
the  ornament,  hia  sense  of  enjoyment 


1854.] 


Thomas  Moore. 


121 


was  never  dashed  by  envy  of  the  repu- 
tation achieved  by  others.  He  could 
rejoice  in  fame  achieved  as  he  could 
sympathize  in  the  afflictions  encoun- 
tered by  his  tuneful  brothers  of  the 
lyre.  Is  not,  for  instance,  the  follow- 
ing an  evidence  of  a  human  heart 
healthily  beating : — 

Fear  that  poor  Scott's  share  in  the  ruin 
of  Constable^s  house  is  even  greater  than 
I  had  supposed.  Few  things  have  affected 
me  more  than  this.  I  almost  regret  in- 
deed having  been  brought  so  close  to 
Scott,  as  otherwise  I  might  have  been 
saved  the  deep  and  painful  sympathy  I 
now  feel  for  his  misfortune.  For  poor 
devils  like  me  (who  have  never  known 
better)  to  fag  and  to  be  pinched  for  means, 
becomes,  as  it  were,  a  second  nature  ;  but 
for  Scott,  whom  I  saw  living  in  such 
luxurious  comfort,  and  dispensing  such 
cordial  hospitality,  to  be  thus  suddenly 
reduced  to  the  necessity  of  working  his 
way,  is  too  bad,  and  I  grieve  for  him  from 
my  heart 

These  volumes  contain  many  addi- 
tional traits  of  Moore*s  method,  or 
manner  rather,  of  composition.  He 
complains  that  his  **Lord  Edward 
Fitzgerald  lingers  long  on  hand,  like 
everything  I  do ;"  and  he  proceeds  to 
show  wherefore,  attributing  it  to  the 
slowness  of  his  execution.  "  I  see 
rapidly,"  he  says,  "  how  the  thing  ought 
to  be,  and  will  be ;  but  to  make  it  so 
is  the  difficulty."  On  another  occasion 
we  find  him  curiously  engaged  while 
travelling  in  the  Marlborough  coach 
up  to  town.  He  was  "  alone  all  the 
way,  and  having  a  volume  of  Mosheim 
to  get  through,  made  the  most  of  my 
time,  despatched  the  four  hundred  and 
odd  pages  on  the  way,  besides  writing 
sixteen  lines  of  a  love  song  for  Power." 
The  mind  that  could  readily  turn,  after 
the  oppression  of  Mosheim,  to  make 
Cupias  Ijrre  discourse  such  music  as 
only  Moore  could  strike  from  it,  must 
have  been,  what  it  really  was,  a  mind 
of  rare  power.  What  would  have  ex- 
hausted others,  only  rendered  him 
braced  for  the  lighter  tasks  he  loved. 
He  could  wield  a  club  like  Hercules, 
and  lay  it  down  to  woo  the  Hebes  of 
his  brain,  appearing  at  either  occupa- 
tion as  if  he  had  been  designed  espe- 
cially for  that  and  no  other.  He  had 
more  patristic  knowledge  than  half  the 
Popes,  and  wore  with  dignity  the  sage's 
gown;  but  beneath  the  latter  were 
ever  borne  the  jewelled  sandals  and 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  XH. 


the  spangled  robe  of  his  gayer  vocation^ 
and  he  had  but  to  choose  his  part  in 
order  to  win  laurels  from  the  learned 
and  smiles  from  the  loving. 

Here,  too,  is  a  picturesque  anecdote^ 
which  we  insert  because  it  has  refer- 
ence to  this  matter  of  "  composition,** 
of  which  we  have  desired  to  say  a  word 
or  two. 

Called  upon  Mrs.  Norton  (April  1832)  ; 
found  her  preparing  to  go  to  Hayter's, 
who  is  painting  a  picture  of  her,  and 
offered  to  walk  with  her.  Had  accordingly 
a  very  brisk  and  agreeable  walk  across  the 
two  parks,  and  took  her  in  the  highest 
bloom  of  beauty  to  Hayter,  who  said  he 
wished  that  some  one  would  always  put 
her  through  this  process  before  she  sat  to 
him.  Happening  to  mention  that  almost 
every thiog  I  wrote  was  composed  in  my 
garden  or  the  fields,  "  One  would  guess 
that  of  your  poetry,"  said  Mrs.  Norton, 
**  it  quite  smells  of  them." 

We  have  no  doubt  that  the  erotic 
lines  pencilled  in  the  Marlborough 
coach  on  a  fly-leaf  of  Mosheim,  were 
as  redolent  of  the  garden,  as  though 
tliey  had  fallen  coined  from  the  brain 
beneath  a  clematis  when  its  rich  odour 
was  at  its  very  richest.  He  who  amtd 
Derbyshire  snows  could  so  warmly 
paint  the  summer  in  the  Vale  of  Cash- 
mere, could  not  have  found  any  diffi- 
culty in  giving  to  his  "  lay"  in  a  stage 
coach  as  fresh  an  air  as  though  it  had 
been  born  on  the  borders  of  Helicon, 
amid  a  circle  of  the  Muses  recumbent 
on  Ihe  grass. 

But  here  we  must  temporarily  pause, 
until  the  two  remaining  volumes  of 
this  interesting  series  be  given  to  the 
public.  Where  the  present  leaves  the 
poet,  it  is  still  as  a  happy  husband,  and 
a  happy  father  of  two  promising  boys. 
His  heart  is  still  young  in  the  warmth 
of  its  affection  for  the  mother  whom 
he  confesses  to  be  dearer  to  him  than 
even  those  dear  ones  whom  God  lent 
but  for  a  time,  too  soon  to  resume  the 
gift.  He  is  something  perhaps  sobered 
by  the  trials  through  which  he  has 
passed,  and  the  disappointments  which 
have  encumbered  his  path ;  but  if  his 
ho))es  be  of  a  less  rosy  hue  than  they 
were  wont  to  be  of  yore,  the  memories 
of  the  past  make  compensation,  and 
for  the  bliss  enjoyed  he  is  profoundly 
grateful;  too  wise  to  expect  too  much, 
and,  as  it  seems  to  us,  prophetic  in  his 
fears  of  visitations  and  chastcnings  yet 

R 


122 


7%tf  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock,         [Feb. 


to  come.  The  record  of  the  closing 
years  of  the  minstrel  will,  doubtless, 
be  the  most  touching  portion  of  his 
memoirs.  The  harp  will  be  hanging 
mute  as  that  on  Tara*s  walls ;  and  the 
chords,  like  those  of  the  youthful  bard 
he  has  himself  sung,  all  torn  asunder. 
But  the  sun  of  his  household  and  the 
light  of  his  hearth  will  be  mercifully 
spared  to  smooth  his  way,  and  to  have 
tne  solace,  when  that  duty  has  been 


accomplished,  of  knowing  that  the 
world  while  rendering,  from  generation 
to  generation,  honour  to  the  especial 
poet  of  the  lyre,  will  ever  pay  its  tri- 
bute of  admiring  respect  to  the  best 
friend  that  ever  lived  in  that  poet*s 
warm  heart.  In  these  volumes  alone 
there  is  enough  to  warrant  us  in  saying 
that  they  who  read  them  will  not  only 
admire  Moore,  but  will  also  love 
"  Bessy.** 


THE  LADY  ELIZABETH  A  PRISONER  AT  WOODSTOCK. 

{Continued  from  p,  10.) 


IN  the  former  part  of  this  paper  we 
left  the  Lady  Elizabeth  a  close  pri- 
soner at  Woodstock,  and  Queen  Mary 
on  her  bridal  journey  to  meet  Prince 
Philip,  her  thoughts  naturally  intent 
upon  her  own  future  prospects.  The 
Council  also  was  fully  occupied  in 
conducting  the  arrangements  required 
upon  so  great  an  event,  and  in  repress- 
ing the  many  indications  of  its  un- 
popularity; for  the  advent  of  the 
Spaniard  was  contemplated  with  dis- 
trust and  dread  by  all  classes  of 
Englishmen,  and  excited  their  repug- 
nance more  deeply  than  anything  that 
had  occurred  smce  the  dissolution  of 
religious  houses. 

Under  these  circumstances  there 
was  no  little  danger  of  the  cause  of 
the  Lady  Elizabeth  being  neglected, 
and  her  present  condition  disregarded. 
She  was  not,  however,  of  a  disposition 
to  submit  tamelj  to  the  state  of  a  for- 
gotten and  passive  prisoner.  Though 
debarred  from  personally  addressing 
the  Queen  without  previous  permis- 
iion,  she  had  perseveringly  urged  her 
Buit  to  do  so ;  and  at  length,  in  a  post- 
script to  the  letters  of  the  Council 
dated  from  Richmond  on  the  13th  of 
June,  1554,  Sir  Henry  Bedingfield  was 
informed  that  "  The  Queen*s  majesty 
k  pleased  that  the  Lady  Elizabeth  s 
grace  may  write  to  her  highness  ac- 
cording to  her  desire." 

Elizabeth  now,  we  may  be  sure, 
exerted  her  utmost  powers  to  vindicate 
her  loyalty.  The  letter  she  wrote  is 
not  extant— or,  if  it  be,  it  has  still  to 
be  discovered ;  it  may  probably  have 
been  more  elaborate,  but  surely  not 
more  positive  or  energetic,  than  that 


which  was  hastily  written  at  White- 
hall, when  the  lords  were  waiting  to 
hurry  her  to  the  Tower.  We  only 
know,  from  the  reception  which  the 
letter  received,  that  it  was  regarded  as 
representing  both  her  past  actions  and 
her  present  sentiments  in  a  false  and 
disguised  aspect. 

The  answer  was  not  written  by  the 
Queen  herself;  but  by  one  of  the 
Council,  very  probably  by  Gardiner. 
Nor  was  it  addressed  to  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  personally.  It  came  in  the 
form  of  a  letter  under  the  Queen*s 
si^et  and  sign-manual,  directed  to  Sir 
Ilenry  Bedingfield,  and  its  terms  were 
as  follow : 

Marts  the  Quenb. 
Trustie  and  well  beloved ,  wee  grete  yow 
well.  And  where  our  plesnre  was  oflF  late 
signified  unto  yow  for  the  Ladye  Eliza- 
beth to  have  licens  to  wryght  unto  us,  we 
have  now  receyved  her  letters,  contayneng 
onlye  certayne  arguments  devised  for  hir 
declaration  in  such  matters  aa  she  hath 
been  charged  withall  by  the  voluntarie  con- 
fessions of  divers  others  :  In  which  argu- 
ments she  wolde  seme  to  perswade  as  that 
the  testimonie  of  thoose  which  have  opened 
matters  ageynst  hir  eyther  were  not  sucbe 
as  theye  bee  or  being  suche  sholde  have 
no  credit  But,  as  wee  were  most  sorye 
at  the  begynnyng  to  have  enye  occasion  of 
suspicion,  so,  when  yt  appeared  unto  us 
that  the  copies  oflF  her  secrette  lettres  unto 
us  were  founde  in  the  pacquete  of  the 
French  imbassatour,  that  diverse  of  the 
most  notable  traytours  made  their  chief 
•ccompte  upon  hir,  wee  can  hardly  be 
broute  to  thynke  that  thei  wolde  have 
presumed  so  to  doo,  excepte  thei  hadde 
more  certayn  knowledge  off  hir  favour 
towards  their  unnaturaU  conspiracie  then 
ys  yet  by  hir  confessed.    And  therefore,    « 


1854.]  The  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock. 


123 


though  we  have  for  oar  parte,  consideryng 
the  matters  broute  to  our  knowledge 
ageynst  hir,  used  more  clemencie  and 
fayour  toward  bir  then  in  the  lyke  matters 
hath  been  accustumed,  yet  cannot  these 
fayr  words  so  moche  abuse  us  but  we 
dooe  well  understonde  how  thyngs  have 
been  wrought.  Conspiracies  be  secretlye 
practised,  and  thyngs  oflf  that  nature  be 
mannye  tymes  judged  by  probable  con- 
jectures and  other  suspicions  and  argu- 
ments, where  the  playne  directe  prove 
may  chaunse  to  fayle.  Even  as  wise 
Solomon  judged  who  was  the  true  mother 
of  the  chiide  by  the  woman's  behavour 
and  words,  when  other  prove  fay  led  and 
conlde  not  be  hadde.  By  the  argument 
and  circumstances  oflf  hir  sayde  lettre, 
with  other  articles  declared  on  your  behalf 
by  your  brother  to  our  privie  Counsell,  yt 
may  well  appere  hir  menyng  and  purpose 
to  be  farre  otherwise  then  hir  letters  pur- 
porteth ;  Wherfore  our  plesure  ys  not  to 
be  hereafter  anye  moore  molested  with 
•uch  hir  disguise  and  colourable  letters, 
but  wysh  for  hir  tEat  yt  may  plese  our 
Lorde  to  graunte  hir  his  grace  to  be  to- 
wards hym  as  shee  ought  to  be;  then 
■hall  shee  the  soner  be  towards  us  as  be- 
cummeth  hir.  Thus  moche  have  wee 
thought  goode'to  wryte  unto  yow,  to 
th'intenteye  myght  understonde  th^effecte 
oflf  those  letters,  and  so  continwe  your 
accustumed  diligence  in  the  charge  by  us 
committed  unto  yow.  Yeven  under  our 
signet  at  the  Castle  of  Farneham  the 
zxv^^  daye  of  June  the  fyrst  yere  off  our 
reigne. 

This  epistle,  it  cannot  be  disputed, 
was  anything  but  kind  or  sisterly. 
Though  evidently  not  dictated  by 
Mary  s  own  pen,  it  plainly  states  the 
impression  she  entertained  of  Eliza- 
beth's insincerity  and  duplicity,  and  a 
conviction  that  her  meaning  and  pur- 
pose was  still  far  different  from  her 
professions.  Moreover  it  cruelly  de- 
clares to  the  disgraced  princess  that 
**  it  was  the  Queen's  pleasure  not  to  be 
molested  any  more  with  such  her  dis- 
guise and  colourable  letters."  Whilst 
we  cannot  but  wish  that  Elizabeth's 
letter  had  been  preserved  for  our  per- 
usal, it  would  have  been  some  satis- 
faction only  to  know  that  Mary  had 
answered  her  with  her  own  hand,  in 


terms  of  natural  affection  and  of 
sisterly  remonstrance,  even  if  she  could 
not  entirely  relinquish  all  her  mis- 
trust. 

The  writer  of  the  Queen's  letter, 
however,  —  be  he  Gardiner  or  any 
other  of  the  Council, — undertakes  to 
justify  the  Lady  Elizabeth's  treatment 
by  repeating  the  grounds  of  suspicion 
upon  which  it  had  been  founded,  and 
which  he  asserts  were  still  unremoved. 
It  is  in  this  respect  that  this  letter  is 
the  most  important  of  any  in  Sir 
Henry  Bedingfield's  book:  for  whilst 
the  charges  amount  to  less  than  we 
find  them  in  other  places,  we  can 
trace  them  as  being  the  whole  that  the 
Council  were  realty  able  to  support. 
It  had  been  said  that  Elizabetn  had 
written  to  the  French  king,  and  she 
seems  herself  to  have  understood  that 
such  a  charge  was  brought  against  her  ;'^ 
but  in  this  document  we  find  the  dis- 
covery reduced  to  this — that  copies  of 
her  secret  letters  to  the  Queen  had 
been  found  in  the  pacquet  of  the 
French  ambassador.  The  "Ambas- 
sades  "  inform  us  when  this  happened, 
— for  it  happened  but  once, — m  the 
following  passage  of  the  despatch  of 
''M.  de  Noailles  au  Roy,  23  et  26 
Janvier,  1553:" 

J'ay  reconvert  le  double  d'une  lettre 
qu'elle  escripyoit  k  ladicte  royne,  que 
Tambassadeur  de  I'empereur  a  faict  tra- 
duire  en  Frangois,  qui  est  cy  enclose. 

Now,  this  passage  seems  to  show 
that  de  Noailles  had  obtained  the  letter 
from  the  despatches  of  the  Imperial 
ambassador.  If  so,  it  was  of  course 
by  treachery,  for  they  were  the  bit- 
terest foes;  and  consequently  it  had 
not  been  betrayed  by  Elizabeth  herself, 
nor  with  her  concurrence. 

Gardiner,  in  his  turn,  gained  the 
information  by  stopping  the  French 
ambassador's  pacquet^  as  he  relates  in 
a  letter  f  to  Sir  William  Petre,  dated 
the  27th  January : 

The  letter  written  from  my  Lady  Elizabeth 
to  the  Queen's  highness  now  late  in  her 
excuse  %  is  taken  a  matter  worthy  to  be 


•  — <<  as  for  the  copy  of  the  letter  sent  to  the  French  king,  I  pray  God  confound  me 
eternally  if  ever  I  sent  him  word,  message,  token,  or  letter  by  any  means.*'  (Letter 
written  on  her  committal  to  the  Tower.) 

t  Printed  in  The  Chronicle  of  Queen  Jane  and  Queen  Mary,  p.  184. 

X  The  letter  in  question  was  one  which  Elizabeth  wrote  from  Ashridge  when  first 
summoned  to  court.  It  is  mentioned  in  several  other  documents,  but  has  not  itseK 
been  preserved. 


124 


The  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodetock.         [Feb. 


sent  into  France,  for  I  hare  the  copy  of  it 
in  the  French  ambassador's  pacquet. 

The  truth,  as  thus  developed,  traces 
out  the  treacherous  practices  both  of 
the  French  ambassador  and  of  the 
English  minister,  but  afibrds  no  proof 
of  £Iizabeth*s  presumed  treason. 

To  proceed  with  the  Woodstock 
narrative.  The  Queen's  letter  was 
despatched  from  Farnham  on  the  25th 
of  June,  and  in  the  course  of  two  days 
at  most,  judging  from  what  occurred 
on  other  occasions,  it  must  have  come 
into  the  hands  of  Sir  Henry  Beding- 
field.  He  does  not  intimate  that  it 
had  met  with  any  unusual  delay ;  but 
it  bore,  he  says,  the  appearance  of 
having  been  opened  on  the  road,  and 
he  seems  to  have  suspected  that  this 
had  been  done  by  Mr.  Parry,  the  Lady 
Elizabeth's  cofferer,  who,  sorely  against 
Bedin^field's  will,  was,  with  others  of 
her  friends,  lodging  in  the  Bell  inn  at 
Woodstock.  If  so,  Elizabeth  may  have 
heard  the  effect  of  the  Queen's  and 
Council's  letters  some  days  before 
Bedingfield  delivered  them  to  her,  and 
therefore  may  have  been  the  better 
able  to  restrain  her  curiosity.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  worthy  knight, 
either  from  private  instructions  or  at 
his  own  suggestion,  determined  not  to 
impart  the  contents  of  the  despatch 
until  they  were  demanded  by  his 
prisoner.  Meanwhile,  he  prepared 
himself  for  the  occasion  by  drawing 
out  a  "report"  of  the  Queen's  letter, 
putting  the  original  very  carefully 
away. 

Whatever  was  the  cause  of  this  in- 
terval, whether  a  politic  delay  on  the 
part  of  the  cautious  knight  or  a  mood- 
ish  temper  on  that  of  the  mortified 
princess,  or  the  little  circumstance  that 
she  had  been  already  informed  through 
Parry,  so  it  was  that  the  communica- 
tion was  not  made  until  the  dd  of  July. 
On  the  morning  of  that  day  Sir  Henry 
Bedingfield  had  attended  the  perform- 
ance of  mass  in  her  Grace's  chamber ; 
and,  on  its  conclusion,  whilst  he  was 
*'  doing  his  duty  "  in  order  to  depart, 
her  Grace  called  him  and  asked  whether 
he  had  heard  of  any  answer  that  was 
or  should  be  made  by  the  Queen's 
Majesty  to  her  late  letters.  He  re- 
plied, that  he  had  to  declare  unto  her 
an    answer   on    the    Queen's    behalf 


whenever  she  pleased  to  command  him. 
"  Let  it  be  even  now,"  said  her  Grace. 
But  Bedingfield  was  afraid  to  trust 
himself  without  recourse  to  the  report 
which  he  had  prepared,  and  he  there- 
fore craved  leave  to  fetch  it.  This 
deferred  the  communication  until  after 
dinner ;  when,  taking  the  further  pre- 
caution to  have  Mr.  Thomeo  in  his 
company,  he  attended  to  make  it. 
Observing  the  formality  due  to  her 
royal  presence,  Bedingfield  read  the 
paper  kneeling,  with  Thomeo  in  the 
same  attitude  W  his  side.  After  once 
hearing  it  the  Lady  Elizabeth  uttered 
certain  words  bewailing  her  misfortune 
that  her  letter,  contrary  to  her  expecta- 
tions, had  taken  no  better  effect ;  and 
then  desired  to  hear  the  answer  again. 
This  done,  her  Grace  said,  "I  note 
especially,  to  my  great  discomfort, 
(which  I  shall  nevertheless  willingly 
obey,)  that  the  Queen's  Majesty  is  not 
pleased  that  I  should  molest  her  High- 
ness with  any  more  of  my  colourable 
letters ;  which,  although  they  be  termed 
colourable,  yet,  not  offending  the 
Queen's  Majesty,  I  must  say  for  my- 
self that  it  was  the  plain  truth,  even 
as  I  desire  to  be  saved  before  God 
Almighty ;  and  so  let  it  pass.  Yet, 
Mr.  Bedingfield,  if  you  think  you  may 
do  so  much  for  me,  I  would  have  you 
to  receive  an  answer  which  I  would 
make  unto  you  concerning  your  mes- 
sage, which  I  would  at  the  least  way 
that  my  Lords  of  the  Council  might 
understand ;  and  that  you  would  con- 
ceive it  upon  my  woras,  and  put  it  in 
writing  and  let  me  hear  it  agam  ;  and 
if  it  be  according  to  my  meaning,  so 
to  pass  it  to  my  Lords  for  my  better 
comfort  in  this  mine  adversity."  To 
this  Bedingfield  answered,  "  I  pray  you 
hold  me  excused,  that  I  do  not  grant 
your  request  in  the  same."  Then  she 
said,  "  It  is  like  that  I  shall  be  offered* 
more  than  ever  any  prisoner  was  in 
the  Tower;  for  the  prisoners  be  suf- 
fered to  open  their  mind  to  the  Lieu- 
tenant, and  he  to  declare  the  same  to 
the  Council ;  and  you  refuse  to  do  the 
like/'  Sir  Henry  made  some  excuse 
about  there  being  "  a  diversity  "  in  the 
two  cases ;  and  so  departed. 

The  next  morning,  however,  when 
walking  in  the  Little  Garden,  the  Lady 
Elizabeth   renewed    her  attack,   and 


*  This  word,  which  is  eo  in  the  MS.,  appears  to  be  a  mistake  for  some  other. 


1854*2  The  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  a/  Woodstock. 


125 


nid,  *«  I  remember  yesterday  ye  re- 
fused utterly  to  write  on  my  behalf 
unto  my  Lords  of  the  Council;  and 
therefore  if  you  continue  in  that  mind 
still,  I  shall  be  in  worse  case  than  the 
worst  prisoner  in  Newgate ;  for  they 
be  never  gainsayed,  in  the  time  of  their 
imprisonment,  by  one  friend  or  other 
to  have  their  cause'  opened  and  sued 
for ;  and  this  is  and  shall  be  a  conclu- 
sion unto  me  that  I  must  needs  con- 
tinue this  life  without  hope  worldly, 
wholly  resting  to  the  truth  of  my  cause, 
and  that  before  God  to  be  opened, 
arming  myself  against  what  so  ever 
shall  happen,  to  remain  the  Queen*s 
true  subject  as  I  have  done  during  my 
life.  It  waxeth  wet,  and  therefore  1 
will  depart  to  my  lodging  again ;  ^*  and 
so  she  did. 

In  these  terms  Sir  Henry,  though 
he  carefully  renounced  the  idea  of  un- 
dertaking any  part  of  the  message  or 
suit  which  the  Lady  Elizabeth  required 
of  him,  yet  made  a  faithful  report  to 
the  Council  of  her  sentiments  and 
wishes.  The  result  was  that,  by  letter 
dated  at  Farnham  on  the  7th  July, 
the  Lords  communicated  the  Queen's 
pleasure  that  he  mightwrite  such  things 
as  the  Lady  Elizabeth  should  desire 
him,  and  send  his  letters  touching  that 
matter  inclosed  in  some  paper  directed 
to  her  Highness,  so  as  she  might  herself 
have  the  first  sight  thereof.  This  ap- 
peared like  the  beginning  of  a  kindlier 
feeling  on  the  part  of  Mary.  Upon 
receipt  of  the  mtimadon,  Sir  Henry 
communicated  it  to  Elizabeth,  but  she 
did  not  immediately  avail  herself  of  it. 
She  was  perhaps  too  deeply  mortified 
by  her  late  ill-success  to  think  that  she 
could  immediately  make  a  more  effec- 
tive appeal,  or  she  might  well  imagine 
that  her  sister's  mind  was  fully  occupied 
with  the  object  of  her  journey,  and 
therefore  might  choose  to  defer  any 
further  application  until  that  important 
business  had  been  concluded. 

At  length,  on  the  SOth  July  (when 
she  had  of  course  heard  the  details  of 
the  royal  marriage  at  Winchester  on 
the  25th),  she  again  took  courage,  and 
required  Bedingfield  to  eonvey  "  a 
suit "  to  the  Queen's  Majesty.  It  was 
expressed  in  the  following  terms, — 
that,  upon  very  pity,  considering  her 
long  imprisonment  and  restraint  of 
liberty,  the  Queen  would  be  pleased 
either  to  oharge  her  with  special  matter 


to  be  answered  unto  and  tried,  or  to 
grant  her  liberty  to  come  unto  her 
Highness'  presence ;  which,  she  affirmed, 
she  would  not  desire  were  it  not  thai 
she  knew  herself  to  be  clear,  even 
before  Grod,  for  her  allegiance.  She 
entreated  that  such  of  the  Lords  of 
the  Council  as  were  executors  of  her 
father's  will  should  further  this  her 
suit.  And  if  neither  of  the  two  pro- 
positions so  solicited  should  be  granted, 
then  she  desired  that  some  of  the  Lords 
of  the  Council  should  have  leave  to 
repair  to  her,  and  to  receive  her  suits 
from  her  own  mouth ;  "  whereby  she 
may  take  a  release  not  to  think  herself 
utterly  desolate  of  all  refuge  in  this 
world." 

On  the  7th  of  August  the  Lord 
Chancellor,  the  Bishop  of  Ely,  and  Mr. 
Secretary  Bourne,  replied  from  Windsor 
that  the  Queen  had  seen  Bedingfield*s 
last  letters,  but  her  Highness  would 
take  time  to  consider,  and  make  the 
necessary  answer  at  convenient  leisure* 

On  the  10th  the  Lady  Elizabeth,  in 
her  usual  garden  walk,  again  opened 
her  lamentations  to  Bedingfield.  *^I 
have  very  slow  speed,"  she  said,  "  in 
the  answer  of  any  of  my  suits,  and  I 
know  it  is  ever  so,  when  that  there  is 
not  one  appointed  to  give  daily  attend- 
ance in  suit-making  for  answer ;  and 
therefore  I  pray  you  let  me  send  a 
servant  of  mine  own,  to  whom  I  will 
do  the  message  in  your  hearing  that 
he  shall  do  by  my  commandment ;  and 
this  I  think  is  not  against  the  order 
and  service  appointed  unto  you."  Be- 
dingfield, on  this  appeal,  again  made 
her  a  peremptory  refusal,  "  requiring 
her  Grace  to  be  contented,  for  I  neither 
could  nor  would  assent  to  any  such 
her  request."  "  Then  (said  she)  I  am 
at  a  marvellous  aflerdeal,  for  I  have 
known  that  the  wife  bath  been  received 
to  sue  for  her  husband,  the  kinsman, 
friend,  or  servant  for  them  that  hath 
been  in  the  case  I  now  am,  and  never 
denied."  To  this  Bedingfield  answered, 
"  I  myself  am  of  small  experience  in 
such  case.  That  notwithstanding,  I 
trust  it  shall  not  be  lon^  before  my 
Lords  of  the  Council  will  remember 
your  suit,  and  answer  the  same."  And 
so  her  Grace  ended. 

Bedingfield,  whilst  he  faithfully  re- 
ported the  princess's  complaints,  must 
have  been  perfectly  conscious  how 
completely  he  was  one  of  the  parties 


126 


The  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock,         [Feb. 


of  whom  she  had  most  reason  to  com- 

Elain.  It  was  certainly  in  no  pity  to 
er  that  he  made  this  last  communica- 
tion, for  it  was  not  until  Wednesday 
the  16th  that  he  reported  these  speeches 
of  Friday  the  10th ;  nor  was  it  until 
the  14th  Sept.  that  he  reported  the 
following  incident,  which  occurred  on 
the  26th  of  August.  On  that  day, 
when  after  confession,  in  due  Catholic 
form,  the  Lady  Elizabeth  received  the 
most  comfortable  sacrament,  before  her 
Grace  went  to  the  receipt  thereof,  she 
called  mistress  Thomeo  and  Bedingfield, 
and  when  they  knelt  before  her  to 
learn  what  she  wished  to  say,  she 
opened  her  mind  by  these  words,  pro- 
testing that  her  Grace,  "  in  all  her  life, 
had  done  nothing,  nor  intended  to  do, 
that  was  perilous  to  the  person  of  the 
Queen's  Highness  or  tne  CJommon- 
wealth  of  the  Realm,  as  God,  to  whose 
mercy  she  then  minded  to  commit 
htrself,  was  judge."  Having  said  this, 
she  received  the  sacrament. 

At  diverse  times  since,  the  princess 
had  made  further  attempts  to  persuade 
Bedingfield  to  forward  fresh  solicita- 
tions, and  said  she  was  sure  their  Lord- 
ships would  smile  in  their  sleeves  at 
his  excessive  scrupulousness;  but  he 
told  her  in  reply  that  he  had  rather 
adventure  to  bear  their  displeasure  for 
that  than  for  presumption. 

The  Council's  next  letter  contains  a 
characteristic  trait  of  the  Queen's  reli- 
gious fervour.  In  regard  to  what  had 
occurred  on  the  26th  of  August,  she 
expressed  herself  "  very  glad  that  the 
Lady  Elizabeth  doth  so  well  conform 
herself  in  the  receiving  of  the  most 
blessed  sacrament  of  the  altar."  She 
also  consented  that  Elizabeth  might 
write  to  her  by  one  of  her  own  ser- 
vants, if  the  letters  sent  were  inclosed 
with  Bedingfield's  own.  The  latter 
communicated  on  the  morning  of  the 
17th  September  these  glad  tidings,  as 
he  deemed  them.  Yet  Elizabeth  did 
not  take  immediate  advantage  of  the 
permission ;  nor  speak  again  upon  the 
subject  until  the  aflernoon  of  Sunday 
the  23rd :  when  she  commanded  him 
to  prepare  her  pen  and  ink  against  the 
next  aay.  The  writing  materials  were 
provided,  consisting  of  a  standish  and 
nve  pens,  two  sheets  of  fine  paper,  and 
one  coarse  sheet ;  and  were  accom- 
panied with  a  request  that  she  would 
not  use  them  except  in  the  sight  of 


mistress  Thomeo  or  of  mistress  Morton, 
another  of  the  Queen's  servants  then 
at  Woodstock.  The  letter  was  not 
finished  until  the  next  afternoon,  when 
Bedingfield  was  sent  for,  and  com- 
manded to  transcribe  it-,  her  Grace 
saying  that  she  never  wrote  to  the 
Lords  of  the  Council  but  by  a  Secre- 
tary, and  as  she  was  not  then  suffered 
to  have  one,  he  must  needs  do  it. 
Bedingfield  prayed  her  Grace  to  pardon 
him,  for  that  he  was  not  able ;  yet  at 
her  Grace's  importunate  commandment 
and  desire,  he  wrote  as  she  read  unto 
him  from  her  handwriting,  which  she 
retained  as  a  minute.  And  after  it 
was  dated  she  added  with  her  own 
hand  something  he  did  not  see,  and 
then  desired  him  to  direct  it ;  but  this 
he  left  undone.  This  is  the  same  in- 
cident upon  which  Foxe  has  enlarged 
at  considerable  length,  with  severe  re- 
flections upon  Bedingfield.  His  own 
account  of  it  is  obscure.  He  did  not 
choose  to  direct  the  letter;  he  took 
the  remaining  paper,  standish,  and 
pens  away,  and  so  departed.  But  we 
glean  from  the  subsequent  documents 
what  was  its  fate.  On  Wednesday  the 
26th,  eight  days  after  its  penning,  the 
letter  was  at  length  despatched  by 
the  Lady  Elizabeth's  servant  Francis 
Verney,  who  usually  lingered  with 
Parry  her  cofferer  at  the  Bell  inn  in 
Woodstock ;  and  on  the  7th  of  October 
the  Queen,  then  at  Westminster,  ac- 
knowledged its  safe  receipt.  It  had 
been  carried  direct  to  the  Queen's 
hand  on  account  of  jts  appearance,  for 
it  was  fast  sewed  without  any  endorse- 
ment on  the  outside.  But,  on  consi- 
dering its  contents,  the  Queen  expressed 
her  suxprise  that  the  Lady  Elizabeth 
should  have  imagined  that  her  former 
letters  had  been  kept  from  her  Ma- 
jesty's knowledge,  as  it  implied  so  ill 
an  opinion  of  the  Council,  no  one  of 
whom  (to  the  Queen's  knowledge)  had 
given  her  any  such  cause.  She  added, 
that  if  Elizabeth's  former  answers  had 
been  as  satisfactory  to  indifferent  ears 
as  they  appeared  to  be  to  her  own 
opinion,  she  might  have  fully  enjoyed 
the  Queen's  favour  before  a  great  many 
others  who  had  already  been  pardoned 
upon  their  submission.  The  royal  mis- 
sive concluded  in  these  words :  **  You 
may  therefore  declare  unto  her  these 
our  letters,  signifying  that  we  be  not 
unmindful  of^her  cause,  and  as  good 


1854.]  The  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Pt*%soner  at  Woodstock.  127 


occasion  shall  proceed  from  herself  in 
deeds,  so  will  we  have  such  further 
consideration  of  her  as  may  stand  with 
her  [our  ?]  honour  and  the  good  order 
of  the  Realm." 

Mary  was  now  relieved  from  the 
apprehensions  which  at  first  appeared 
to  justify  her  rigorous  treatment  of 
her  sister.  She  had  effected  the  object 
of  her  heart  in  accomplishing  her  mar- 
riage with  Philip,  and  the  scruples  and 
repu^ance  of  her  subjects  to  the 
Spanish  alliance  had  been  repressed 
and  overcome.  There  was  little  excuse 
lefl  for  keeping  Elizabeth  under  even 
moderate  restraint ;  but,  before  relax- 
ing her  bonds,  she  determined  to  put 
her  to  the  test  in  regard  to  religious 
conformity.  Such  were  the  "  deeds  " 
by  which  her  favour  was  to  be  regained. 
JBiedingfield,  though  too  rough  and 
blunt  for  a  mere  courtier,  was  from 
his  own  religious  sentiments  well  cal- 
culated to  second  his  mistress's  bigotry. 
On  the  4th  of  October  (during  the 
interval  of  the  correspondence  last  de- 
scribed) he  volunteered  a  statement  to 
the  Queen,  and  addressed  directly  to 
her '  Majesty,  which  it  is  difficult  to 
ascribe  to  any  other  motive  but  one  of 
petty  malice.    He  relates  that 

Her  chaplain  in  my  Lord  Chamberlain's 
tyme  [that  is,  whilst  she  remained  in  the 
Tower  in  the  custody  of  Sir  John  Gage, 
now  Lord  Chamberlain,]  did  say  the  suf- 
frages in  English,  .  .  .  and  in  these  suf- 
frages all  is  said,  saving  the  words  touching 
the  bishop  of  Rome.*  And  my  Lady 
Elizabeth's  grace  did  use  to  say  with  her 
chaplain  ;  so  that  all  that  did  wait  did 
hear  her  speak  the  words  plainly  after  the 

griest  Since  your  most  noble  marriage, 
y  and  by  after  which  the  same  her  chap- 
lun,  according  to  his  most  bounden  duty, 
did  pray  for  the  King  and  your  Majesty 
together,  her  Grace  hath  never  answered 
word  to  that  article,  that  could  be  heard 
or  perceived  by  any  means,  being  marked 
of  very  purpose  by  your  Highnesses  woman 
mistress  Morton  and  me. 

Thus  much  did  Bedingfield  conceive 
it  to  be  his  duty  to  communicate  to 
her  Majesty ;  and  at  the  same  date  he 
informed  the  Council  that  certain  of 
her  Grace*s  servants  did  not  at  any 
time  come  to  divine  service,  whilst  he 
prayed  God  that  all  the  rest  did  not 
observe  it  for  form  only. 


The  Queen's  letters  in  return  shewed 
that  he  had  touched  upon  the  right 
cord.  She  desired  that,  "  as  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  had  shown  herself  conform- 
able enough  in  all  other  things,  so  she 
should  be  induced  to  stand  content 
with  the  service  used  in  our  own  Chapel 
and  throughout  our  Realm,  and  no 
more  to  use  the  said  suffrages  and 
litany  in  English,  but  in  Latin,  accord- 
ing  to  the  ancient  and  laudable  custom 
of  the  Church."  The  Lady  Elizabeth 
submitted,  with  an  explanation  that 
the  practice  had  originated  with  her 
from  her  meeting  with  an  English 
primer  when  in  the  Tower ;  and  on  the 
Sunday  following  she  conveyed  her 
wishes  to  her  chaplain  in  these  words, 
"  Sir  William,  you  may  no  more  say 
the  suffrages  in  English." 

On  the  20th  October,  the  Lady  Eli- 
zabeth again  desired  to  have  writing 
materials  to  address  the  Council ;  but 
Bedingfield  again  refused  her,  until  he 
had  asKcd  for  fresh  permission :  '*  which 
she  took  in  so  ill  part,  that  her  Grace 
of  displeasure  therein  did  utter  mef 
with  more  words  of  reproach  of  this 
my  service  about  her  by  the  Queen's 
Highness'  commandment^  than  ever  I 
heard  her  speak  before — too  long  to 
write."  On  the  aflernoon  of  the  same 
day  she  repeated  a  request  she  had 
made  some  weeks  befoi'e  for  the  at- 
tendance of  some  of  the  Queen's  phy- 
sicians. She  desired  that  Doctors 
Wendy,  Owen,  and  Huick,  or  two  of 
them,  might  come  and  bring  with  them 
an  expert  surgeon  to  let  her  Grace's 
blood,  if  the  said  doctors  should  think 
it  desirable.  This  request  was  granted. 
Owen  and  Wendy  came,  bringing  the 
surgeon,  and  she  was  bled  both  in  the 
arm  and  in  the  foot. 

She  was  permitted  to  send  a  message 
to  the  Queen  by  the  physicians,  but 
another  month  had  nearly  elapsed  when 
Bedin^eld  wrote  by  her  desire  to  com- 
plain that  she  had  received  no  answer; 
and  she  requested  that,  if  she  was  to 
be  kept  longer  in  confinement,  she 
should  be  removed  to  some  place  nearer 
London  or  her  own  houses,  if  not  in 
respect  to  her  person  or  charges,  yet 
in  pity  of  the  poor  men  which  were 
daily  sore  travailed  with  extreme 
long  journeys  in  the  winter  weather. 


•  **  From  all  sedition  and  privy- conspiracy,  yrom  the  tyranny  of  the  Bishop  qfRomef 
and  all  hit  detestable  enormities t**  &c.     Litany  in  the  Prayer  Book  of  1552. 
t  **  did  utter  me,''  meaning  apparently,  dismissed  me. 


128 


Ills  Lady  Elizabeth  a  Prisoner  at  Woodstock,         [Feb. 


to  suppljr  her  household  with   pro- 
Tidions. 

This  letter,  dated  the  19th  of  No- 
vember, is  the  last  in  Sir  Henrj  Bed- 
ingfield*s  book,  with  the  exception  of 
one  from  the  Queen  dated  five  months 
ftiler  (on  the  17th  April,  1555),  sum- 
moning the  Lady  Elizabeth  to  join  the 
Queen  at  Hampton  Court.  According 
to  Miss  Aikin  and  Miss  Strickland, 
she  had  visited  the  same  roval  resi- 
dence during  the  preceding  Christmas. 
We  think,  however,  that  this  must  be 
a  mistake.  Foxe  describes  minutelv 
her  journey  from  Woodstock  in  April. 
She  travelled  on  the  first  day  to  Rycot, 
where  she  had  been  so  well  entertained 
by  the  Lord  Williams  on  her  former 
journey,  on  the  next  to  Mr.  Dormer's 
at  West  Wycombe,  on  the  third  to  the 
George  inn  at  Colnbrook,  and  on  the 
fourth  to  Hampton  Court. 

Foxe  tells  us  that  she  had  been  at 
Hampton  Court  a  fortnight  before  she 
was  admitted  to  an  interview  with  any 
of  the  Lords  of  the  Council.  She  was 
then  visited  by  Bishop  Gardiner,  the 
Earl  of  Arundel,  the  Earl  of  Shrews- 
bury, and  Secretary  Petre ;  when  the 
bishop  desired  her  ^'  to  submit  herself 
to  the  Queen's  grace,"  but  she  made 
answer  that,  rather  than  do  so,  she 
would  lie  in  prison  all  the  days  of  her 
life ;  adding  that  she  craved  no  mercy 
at  her  Majesty's  hand,  but  rather  de- 
sired the  law,  if  ever  she  did  ofifend 
her  Majesty  in  thought,  word,  or  deed. 

Another  week  passed  after  this  stout 
reply,  when,  one  night,  at  ten  o'clock, 
she  was  suddenly  summoned  to  the 
Queen's  presence.*  In  the  conversa- 
tion which  ensued  Foxe  represents  her 
as  standing  to  her  truth  as  stifiiy  and 
stoutly  as  ever,  and  at  last  departing 
with  very  few  comfortable  words  from 
the  Queen.  ^*  It  was  thought,"  he  adds, 
*'  that  king  Philip  was  there  behind  a 


cloth,  and  not  seen,  and  that  he  showed 
himself  a  very  friend  in  the  matter." 
It  was  now  currently  announced,  pro- 
bably with  a  view  to  king  Philip's  popu- 
larity in  England,  that  Elizabeth  owed 
the  mitigation  of  her  treatment  to  his 
intercession.  There  was,  however,  a 
still  deeper  policy  in  his  conduct :  for, 
so  long  as  Mary  had  no  children,  Eliza- 
beth was  the  only  heir  presumptive 
whose  claim  by  birth  stood  before  that 
of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  and  as  the 
latter  was  already  betrothed  to  the 
Dauphin  of  France,  her  possible  suc- 
cession would  have  produced  a  union 
of  England  and  Scotland  with  France, 
which  might  eventually  over-balance 
the  growing  power  of  Spain. 

After  one  week  more,  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  was  transferred  from  Sir 
Henry  Bedingfield  to  the  gentler  cus- 
tody of  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  who  was 
commissioned  to  attend  upon  her  at 
her  own  manor  of  Hatfield. 

To  any  reader  who  has  attentively 
perused  the  interesting  details  we  have 
now  recited,  it  will  be  scarcely  neces- 
sary to  discuss  the  character  or  conduct 
of  Sir  Henry  Bedingfield.  By  his  own 
account  he  was  certainly  harsh,  and  it 
is  probable  that  some  of  the  stories  told 
by  Foxe  of  his  ill-temper  and  severity 
were  not  destitute  of  foundation.  His 
rule  of  conduct  appears  to  have  been 
that  of  the  soldier, — never  to  exceed 
his  prescribed  instructions:  but,  if  some 
of  Foxe's  stories  be  true,  his  extreme 
caution  preserved  the  life  of  his  charge 
from  more  fanatical  enemies.  His  ad- 
ministration of  his  office  appears  to 
have  received  throughout  the  approval 
of  the  Queen  and  her  Council :  and  it 
is  said  to  have  been  more  substantially 
acknowledged  by  a  pension  of  100/.  a 
year,  and  a  portion  of  the  forfeited 
estates  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyat.  On  the 
17th  Dec.  1557,  Sir  Henry  Bedingfield 


♦  Foxe  adds, — "for  she  had  not  seen  her  in  two  years  before,*'  and  probably  Foxe 
is  right,  or  nearly  so.  From  the  time  that  Elizabeth  left  the  court  at  Whitehall  in 
Dec.  1553,  and  perhaps  for  some  period  before  (when  alienation  had  already  arisen  on 
religious  matters)  the  sisters  had  enjoyed  no  personal  intercourse.  Miss  Strickland 
(Lives  of  the  Queens,  1853,  iv.  100)  describes,  on  the  aathority  of  Nares^s  Life  of 
Burghley,  a  supposed  interview  between  them  at  Richmond,  on  Elizabeth's  way  from 
the  Tower  to  Woodstock,  in  which  she  is  represented  as  refusing  the  hand  of  the  Prince 
of  Piedmont;  and  (p.  107)  a  yisit  of  Elizabeth  to  Hampton  Court  at  Christmas  1554 
on  the  presumed  invitation  of  king  Philip ;  to  which  Miss  Strickland  appropriates  from 
Foxe  the  particulars  of  the  journey  in  April  1555  as  given  in  the  text  above.  But  we 
regard  both  these  supposed  interviews  as  imaginary :  and  that  notwithstanding  that 
Miss  Strickland  declares  (iii.  528)  that  **  Recent  diiscoveries  indubitably  prove,  that 
Mary  permitted  her  sister  to  appear  in  state  at  the  festi?ities  of  the  Christmas  of  1554.'* 
2 


1854-] 


Shi-ines  and  Images  of  the  Virgin  Mary. 


129 


was  appointe.l  to  the  (usually  com- 
bined) offices  of  Vice-Chamberlain  of 
the  Household  and  Captain  of  the  Yeo- 
men of  the  Guard.  It  is  said  that,  in 
after  jears.  during  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth, he  occasionall  J  appeared  at  Court, 
without  any  other  reflections  upon  him 
than  that  the  Queen  half-jestinglj 
calle<l  him  her  Jailor ;  and  he  died  an 
aged  man  in  the  year  1583,  the  Queen 
having  in  1578  visited  his  house  at 
Oxburgh, — a  fact  not  necessarily  indi- 
cative, however,  of  the  royal  favour, 
as  modem  writers  are  too  apt  to  regard 
it,  for  the  stages  of  the  Queen's  pro- 
gresses, being  usually  short,  were  re- 
gulated rather  by  motives  of  conve- 
nience than  with  any  idea  of  doing 
honour  to  the  parties  visited,  and  there 
was  one  memorable  instance  of  a 
gentleman  of  Suffolk, — a  recusant  like 
Sir  Henry  Bedingfield,  who  suffered 
severely  from  a  Government  prosecu- 
tion at  the  very  time  that  Elizabeth 


honoured  his  mansion  with  her  pre- 
sence. 

We  cannot  conclude  without  ex- 
pressing our  thanks  to  the  Rev.  C.  R. 
Manning  for  having  made  public  the 
Bedingfield  letter-book,  which,  though 
inclose"!  in  the  Transactions  of  a  local 
society,  cannot  hereafter  be  overlooked 
by  our  national  historians. 

Note. — In  p.  4  wc  have  inadvertently 
treated  the  £Url  of  Devonshire  of  Queen 
Mary's  time  as  a  grandson  of  King  Ed- 
ward the  Fourth y  instead  of  the  grent- 
grandson.  His  father  Henry  Marquess 
of  Exeter,  who  was  beheaded  in  1339,  was 
the  son  of  William  tenth  Elarl  of  Devon 
by  Katharine  of  York.  His  mother  Ger- 
trude Marchioness  of  Exeter,  living  at 
Mary's  accession,  was  a  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Blount,  Lord  Mountjoy. 

In  p.  7,  for  Edward  Bedingfield  read 
Edmund.  The  two  letters  were  carried  by 
him  and  Noreys,  having  been  writtea  by 
Sir  Henry  Bedingfield ;  but  they  are  not 
preserved  in  his  letter-book. 


SHRINES  AND  IMAGES  OF  THE  VIRGIN  MARY. 


IT  may  not  be  an  improper  sequel 
to  the  story  of  La  Salette,*  to  give 
some  general  information  respecting 
the  numerous  shrines  of  the  Virgin 
Mary,  celebrated  for  their  images  of 
wonder-working  power.  Few  persons 
are  aware  of  the  vast  number  of  them 
scattered  over  the  continent  of  Europe, 
without  noticing  those  in  other  parts 
of  the  world.  Loretto  is  well  known, 
on  account  of  its  celebrity;  Walsing- 
hani,  in  this  country,  bus  its  memory 
preserved  in  fragments  of  old  ballads, 
and  in  the  witty  account  of  it  by  Eras- 
mus.f  Scattered  notices  of  others  are 
occasionally  to  be  found  in  books  of 
travel ;  and  of  the  shrine  and  statue  of 
our  Lady  of  Boulogne  an  excellent 
notice  has  a[)peared  in  this  Magazine.J 
Still  there  is  a  general  want  of  informa- 
tion on  the  subject.  The  histories  of 
these  several  places  of  devotion  are  be- 
coming very  rare,  and  only  found,  now 
and  then,  m  catalogues  of  sales ;  yet 
are  they  exceedingly  numerous,  and 
worth  attentive  consideration.  A  Ger- 


man writer,  of  some  diligence,§  has  col- 
lected together  a  list  of  these  works, 
entitled  "  Iconographia  Mariana ;"  it  is 
not,  however,  pretended  to  be  other 
than  an  attempt  to  collect  materials, 
and  does  not  assume  to  be  complete  : 
indeed,  I  have  several  in  my  own  col- 
lection not  there  enumerated,  and 
others  I  have  found  in  catalogues.  Yet 
does  this  contain  a  list  of  44-5  publica- 
tions, giving  an  account  of  169  shrines, 
all  of  them,  l)e  it  remembered,  miracu- 
lous, and  claiming  power  little  less  than 
Loretto  itself,  it  will  be  interesting, 
perhaps,  to  note  the  dates  of  these  his- 
tories, for,  by  that,  we  obtain  a  clue  to 
the  mode  adopted  by  the  Church  of 
Rome,  to  regain  the  moral  power  which 
was  so  severely  shaken  by  the  Refor- 
mation. 

The  greater  proportion  of  these 
works  was  issued  from  the  press  dur- 
ing the  seventeenth,  and  the  first  part 
of  the  eighteenth  centuries ;  a  very  few 
in  the  sixteenth,  and  none  previous  to 
the  religious  revolt  just  mentioned. 


*  January  Magazine,  p.  10. 

f  See  the  Pilgrimages  to  Canterbury  and  WaltingluuDy  by  J.  6.  NichoU. 

t  May,  1852. 

§  Edouard  Maria  Oettiof^r.  , 

Ge^t,  Maq.  Vol.  XLL  S 


130 


Shrines  and  Images  of  the  Virgin  Mary. 


[Feb- 


They  were  not  so  frequent  at  the  era 
of  the  great  Revolution  in  France,  or 
immediately  after ;  but  they  increased 
when  the  ujrment  of  that  event  sub- 
sideii,  and  are  continued  up  to  the  pre- 
sent time  in  the  vicinities  of  the  sacred 
places.  The  Jesuits  appear  to  have 
written  the  greatest  number;  many 
are  in  Latin,  but  in  general  the  lan- 
guage of  the  country  has  been  pre- 
ferred, for  obvious  reasons.  Some  have 
pompous  dedications  to  people  of  rank 
and  eminence;  perhaps  the  most  in- 
teresting iq  Englishmen  is  one  dedi- 
cated to  the  Cardinal  Duke  of  York. 
This  is  the  story  of  the  image  of  "  Santa 
Maria  in  Portico  di  Campitelli,"  written 
by  Carlo  Antonio  Erra,  of  the  Congre- 
gation of  Regular  Clerks  of  the  Mother 
of  God,  and  is  addressed  **  a  sua  altezza 
realc  eminentissima."  The  reason  of 
the  dedication  appears,  in  that  His 
Royal  Highness  was  titulsir  of  the 
Church ;  it  was  printed  at  Rome  in 
1750,  four  years  after  the  conclusion 
of  the  unsuccessful  struggle  of  the  Pre- 
tender for  the  throne  of  England.  The 
writer  is  fulsome  in  his  praise,  and  en- 
titles him  the  "  glory  of  the  priesthood 
and  the  honour  of  the  sacred  college  ;** 
and  shews  the  same  fervour  towards 
his  ancestors  and  relatives,  James  TIT. 
King  of  Great  Britain  (as  he  styles 
him),  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  the 
Queen  Mary  Clementina  Sobieski,  then 
recently  dead.  It  will  be  readily  ima- 
gined that  the  dedications  arc  usually 
addressed  to  prelates  ;  but  a  work  by 
Wilhelm  Gumpenberg,  called  "  Atlas 
Marianus,"  &c.  published  at  Munich  in 
1657,  giving  an  account  of  the  miracu- 
lous images  in  the  Christian  world,  has 
the  singular  dedication  to  the  image  of 
"  Our  Lady  at  Loretto,"  but  I  do  not 
know  of  another  instance  of  such  a 
character.  A  later  edition  of  this  work, 
issued  in  1672,  gives  plates  and  ac- 
counts of  1,200  images,  or  pictures  of 
the  Virgin  Mary,  and  there  has  recently 
been  published  an  Italian  translation, 
called  "Atlante  Mariano." 

The  popularity  of  some  of  the  shrines 
may  be  gathered  from  the  regular  and 
continued  manner  in  which  accounts  of 
them  were  published.  Of  these.  Al- 
lotting, in  Bavaria,  has  an  unbroken 
chain  from  the  sixteenth  century ;  the 
earliest  being  in  1571,  and  the  latest 
in  1846.  Dr.  Dibdiii,  in  his  "Tour," 
gives  an  amusing  account  of  his  visit 


to  the  "  Black  Virgin  of  Altotting," 
which  has  gained  the  appellation  of  the 
"Loretto"  of  Germany.  Loretto  has 
a  pre-eminence  over  all  the  rest  in  the 
number  of  its  histories.  The  earliest 
is  dated  1575,  but  the  best  known 
work  is,  perhaps,  that  by  Horazio  Tor- 
sellino,  in  Latm,  printed  at  Rome  in 
1597,  at  Mayence  in  1598,  at  Venice 
in  1715  and  1727;  in  Italian,  at  the 
same  place,  in  1629  :  but  this  shrine 
has  furnished  matter  for  the  pen  down 
to  the  present  age. 

There  is  another,  however,  which,  in 
the  catalogue  above  noticed,  rivals 
Loretto  in  the  number  of  its  histories; 
and  from  1523,  which  is  about  the 
earliest  date  of  any  of  these  publica- 
tions, down  to  the  year  1847,  is  a  regu- 
lar succession  of  records.  This  is  the 
shrine  of  Czestochow,  in  Poland,  which 
also  has  the  additional  title  of  Cler- 
mont. Its  story  is  curious.  Czesto- 
chow lies  on  the  Klarenberg,  at  the 
crossing  of  the  roads  from  Posen  to 
Cracow,  where  is  a  convent  of  the  order 
of  St.  Paul.  In  this  convent  is  a  black 
image  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  which  is  said 
to  have  been  originally  at  Constantino- 
ple, in  the  possession  of  St.  Helena, 
mother  of  Cfonstantine  the  Great,  and 
there  noted  for  its  many  miracles. 
From  Constantinople  (the  legend  says) 
it  was  brought  to  Aix-la-Chapelle. 
Whilst  there,  a  Sclavonian  Duke,  serv- 
ing under  Charlemagne,  took  a  fancy 
to  it,  and  obtained  it  as  a  gifl  from 
that  Emperor.  From  Aix,  it  went  to 
Belitz,  in  Galicia,  and  it  remained  there 
until  1382,  whence  it  was  brought  by 
the  Prince  Wladislaw  Ozolsky,  Duke 
of  Oppeln,  to  Silesia,  in  order  to  pro- 
tect it  from  the  invading  Tartars. 
When  the  horses  which  drew  the 
image  arrived  at  the  Klarenberg,  near 
Czenstochow,  they  suddenly  stopped, 
nor  could  they  be  made  to  move  from 
the  spot.  Then  Prince  Wladislaw  re- 
collected a  dream  he  had  the  night 
before,  in  which  this  story  was  re- 
vealed ;  so  he  resolved  to  build  a  chapel 
on  the  spot,  and  consecrate  it  to  the 
service  of  the  Virgin,  and  which  should 
contain  the  miraculous  image.  Accord- 
ingly this  was  done,  and  to  tliis  day  it 
has  remained  there,  to  the  great  benefit 
of  all  who  are  in  the  vicinity. 

The  black  images  of  the  Virgin  con- 
stitute a  peculiar  feature  of  the  super- 
stition, as  it  is  almost  universal  that  a 


1854,]  Shi*ines  and  Images  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 


131 


miraculous  image  is  so  distinguished, — 
at  any  rate,  all  those  of  celebrity  are  so; 
and  it  may  be  as  well  to  mention  a  few 
of  the  most  famous.   Loretto,  of  course, 
is  first  on  this  list.     Allotting  in  Ba- 
varia.    At  Mariaeck,    in    the    same 
country,  are  two  wooden  images,  of  the 
life-size,  the  one  black,  the  other  white, 
placed  opposite  to  each   other.     At 
Wurzburg,  in  the  new  cathedral  church, 
the  image  is  black,  and  in  the  convent 
of  Emaus  at  Prague.     In  France  are 
several : — at  Chartres ;   at  Lyons ;  in 
the  church  of  St.  Peter  at  Orleans 
(with  a  white  one  side  by  side) ;  at  the 
chapel  of  Notre  Dame  de  Bon  Secours, 
near  Nancy;  at  Puy  en  Velay;  and  at 
the  church  of  Notre  Dame  de  Liesse 
one  of  great  celebrity.     In  Belgium, 
at  Hal,  Montaigu,  Walcour,  and  Ke- 
velaer,  as  well  as  others.     In   Spain 
that  of  Montserrat  is  most  celebrated. 
But  to  enumerate  all  would  be  but  to 
make  a  dry  and  monotonous  list.     It 
is   a  very  curious   question,  hitherto 
unanswered,  whence  this  idea  of  repre- 
senting the  Virgin  Mary  black  f     Or- 
dinary observers  have  always  ascribed 
it  to  the  smoke  of  tapers :  then  why 
are  some  white  ?     But  I  have  shown 
by  one  example — that  of  "  Our  Lady  of 
Ilal " — that  the  dark  colour  is  painted 
and  intentional,  not  fortuitous.     The 
early  Christian  writers  reproached  the 
pagans  for  their  images  of  Isis,  black- 
ened, as  they  asserted,  by  the  smoke 
of  tapers.      They  were   evidently   as 
much  in  error  as  modern  tourists  who 
so  speak  of  the  miraculous  images  of 
the  Virgin.     The  matter,  therefore,  is 
still  a  subject  for  investigation. 

In  two  great  systems  of  ancient  wor- 
ship, one  still  extant,  having  some  ana- 
logies with  each  other  in  their  deep 
mysticism,  and  both  Oriental,  viz.  that 
of  E^ypt  and  India,  are  two  female 
divinities — Isis  and  Maya.  Both  these 
have  peculiar  attributes,  and  are  re- 
presented nursing  a  babe;  both  are 
also  represented  black.  Now,  in  the 
deep  and  recondite  symbolism  of  those 
systems,  is  it  not  most  probable  that 
this  black  colour  has  a  mystic  signifi- 
cation ?  Black  is  a  natural  symbol 
for  profundity,  and  the  mysterious  and 
awful  character  of  the  worship,  or  the 
deity,  might  be  therein  attempted  to 
be  indicated. 

It  was  not  until  after  the  Council  of 
Ephesus,  in  which  Nestorius  was  con- 


demned, A.D.  431,  that  images  or  pic- 
tures of  the  Virgin  Mary  were  common. 
The  triumph  of  Christianity  had  not 
been,  at  this  time,  so  long  assured  that 
the  traditions,  or  even  remnants,  of  the 
old  worship  of  Isis  were  wholly  obli- 
terated from  the  minds  of  the  people. 
For  popular  worship  is  not  easily  era- 
dicated when  it  forms  a  part  of  the 
habits  of  a  community,  and,  even  when 
removed  entirely  from  recollection,  it 
will  sometimes  leave  its  memorials,  as 
in  the  common  oaths  of  Italy,  *^  Corpo 
di  Baccho,"  "  Per  Baccho,"  &c.  Sup- 
posing, therefore,  that  in  a  portion  of 
the  Roman  empire,  there  yet  remained 
communities  familiar  with  the  festivals 
and  processions  of  the  images  of  Isis, 
and  that  the  Church,  in  obedience  to 
that  spirit  which  caused  it  to  accom- 
modate heathen  observances  and  rites 
to  its  own,  altered  their  character,  but 
kept  their  forms,  it  is  iust  feasible, 
that  the  adoption  of  a  black  image  of 
the  Virgin  would  be  one- of  the  means 
employed.  Then  the  symbolists,  easer 
to  justify  such  a  change,  would  readily 
appeal  to  the  text  from  Solomon's 
Sonff,  "  Thou  art  blacky  but  comely." 

Mrs.  Jameson,  whose  writings  and 
research  on  Christian  art  are  well 
known,  has  some  interesting  remarks 
on  this  subject,  that  cannot  be  passed 
over.  She  hints,  that  Cyril  of  Alex- 
andria, who  so  violently  opposed  Nes- 
torius, might  have  been  instrumental 
in  engrafting  the  ancient  Egyptian 
type  of  Isis  nursing  Horus,  which  to 
him,  as  well  as  to  the  popular  mind, 
must  have  been  familiar,  upon  the 
orthodox  faith.  This  idea  is  extremely 
plausible:  the  ancient  type  was  well 
known,  not  only  in  Egypt,  but  in  other 
parts  of  the  Roman  empire,  and  it  was 
in  accordance  with  the  violent  and  hasty 
character  of  that  prelate  to  engage  the 
popular  voice,  by  an  appeal  to  ancient 
prejudices.  Thus  the  triumph,  which 
ensured  the  use  of  the  image,  was 
mainly  due  to  an  Egyptian  bishop. 
This  fact  seems  like  an  additional  link 
to  our  evidence,  and  the  traditions 
attached  to  some  of  the  black  images, 
of  having  been  brouglit  from  Egypt, 
are  another  support  to  a  theory  of  pro- 
babilities. 

Our  Lady  of  Liesse  was  brought 
from  Egypt,  though  indeed  said  to 
have  been  miraculously  sculptured  by 
three  Christian  prisoners,  quite  iguo- 


132 


Shrines  and  Images  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 


[Feb. 


rant  of  tbe  sculptor's  art.  That  of 
Our  Lady  of  Puy  in  Velay,  however, 
is  much  closer,  as  the  following  de- 
scription of  it  will  attest.  It  is  carved 
out  of  cedar,  but,  what  is  very  re- 
markable, covered  from  head  to  foot 
with  fine  cloth,  after  the  fashion  of 
Egyptian  mummies.  This  cloth  equally 
covers  both  faces,  and  hands  and  feet, 
80  that  neither  fingers  nor  toes  are 
visible.  The  faces  of  the  Virgin  and 
the  child  Jesus  are  painted  black,  and 
polished  like  ebony.  The  form  of  the 
visage  of  the  motiier  presents  an  ex- 
tremely long  oval,  the  nose  large,  and 
of  great  length,  the  mouth  small,  the 
chin  short,  and  the  eyebrows  strongly 
marked.  The  eyes  are  painted  and 
very  small,  whilst  the  ball  and  iris 
are  formed  of  common  glass,  being 
badly  assorted  in  respect  to  the  size  of 
the  face  ;  yet  as  striking  objects,  from 
the  sparkling  material  on  the  black 
colour,  they  give  the  figure  a  wild 
look,  which  inspires  surprise  and  even 
fear.  It  is  believed,  and  with  some 
reason,  that  this  may  be  even  an  Egyp- 
tian representation  of  Isis, — at  least 
such, an  opinion  was  given  by  Faujas 
de  Saint-Fond,  who  visited  the  shrme 
in  1777. 

In  a  history  of  Our  Lady  of  Puy, 
entitled,  "Discours  Ilistorique  de  la 
tr^s  Ancienne  Devotion  de  Notre  Dame 
du  Puy  en  Velay,  &c.  Lyon,  1620," 
by  Odo  de  Gissey,  the  origin  of  the 
holy  image  of  that  place  is  stated  to 
have  been  as  follows  : — 

The  illustrious  house  of  France,  some 
time  after  the  building  of  tbe  church, 
*'  Eglise  de  la  Chaise  Dieu,''  undertook  a 
journey  to  the  Holy  Land.  Before  the 
pious  prince  Louis  IX.  (called  the  Saint) 
began  bis  pilgrimage,  he  visited  this  church. 
He  then  journeyed  towards  Jerusalem, 
where  he  learnt  during  bis  residence  there, 
from  one  of  the  favourite  wives  of  the 
Sultan,  that,  in  the  treasury  of  the  place, 
was  an  image  of  tbe  Mother  of  God,  which 
had  been  executed  by  the  prophet  Jere- 
miah. He  begged  the  Sultan  to  give  him 
this  image,  assuring  him  that  it  should  be 
set  up  in  a  place  where  it  should  be  ho- 
noured for  ever.  Enriched  by  this  most 
costly  treasure  of  the  eartii,  the  King 
reached  his  dominions  in  safety.  One  of 
the  first  towns  which  he  passed  was  Puy, 
where,  amidst  hymns  of  praise,  he  set  up 
the  image  for  eternal  honour. 


Our  author  was  a  Jesuit,  and  his 
simplicity,  or  piety,  receives  no  shock 
at  the  idea  of  a  likeness  beins:  taken 
before  a  person  was  born.  He  also 
makes  St.  Louis  familiar  with  the  Sul- 
tan's harem,  to  a  degree  that  Moslems 
have  not  generally  accorded  to  "  Chris- 
tian dogs."  It  is  a  pity  he  did  not 
make  a  convert,  the  interest  would 
have  been  so  much  heightened ;  for  it 
is  difficult  to  understand,  how  a  con- 
temner of  images  should  be  influenced 
by  an  assurance  of  the  great  honour 
that  would  be  rendered  to  one. 

A  figure  of  "  Our  Lady "  at  Mar- 
seilles, also  black,  called  "  Our  Lady 
of  Confession,"  so  named  because  she 
was  surrounded  by  the  reliques  of 
saints  and  martyrs  of  the  faith,  is  said 
by  some  antiquaries  to  be  a  statue  of 
Isis.  This  is  one  of  those  ascribed  to 
St.  Luke.  At  Chartres  is  another  black 
figure  of  the  Virgin,  of  great  wonder- 
working power.  This  is  ascribed  to 
the  Druid^^  who,  they  say,  raised  an 
altar  to  the  Virgin  by  revelation,  and 
which  worked  miracles  anterior  to 
Christianity  itself.  They  thus  claim 
for  it  a  priority  in  antiquity  over  all 
others. 

Among  the  number  of  black  Ma- 
donnas one  must  not  forget  Our  Lady 
of  Atocha,  near  Madrid,  for  it  will  be 
in  the  recollection  of  my  readers  that 
it  was  to  this  shrine  that  the  Queen  of 
Spain  went  to  in  thanksgiving  for  her 
escape  from  tbe  knife  of  an  assassin. 
On  this  occasion,  she  presented  to  the 
image  the  royal  mantle,  and  the  costly 
jewels  she  wore  at  the  time  the  at- 
tempt was  made.*  This  shrine  was 
celebrated  for  its  riches,  and  its  nu- 
merous pilgrimages,  and  it  has  been, 
from  time  immemorial,  a  practice  for 
the  King  of  Spain  to  sing  a  Te  Deum 
before  it,  on  any  occasion  of  a  happy 
and  prosperous  character.  It  was,  ac- 
cordmg  to  the  author  of  the  "  Delices 
d'Espagne,"  surrounded  by  an  hundred 
lamps  of  gold  and  silver,  which  burned 
night  and  day.  On  fete  days  it  was 
covered  with  precious  stones,  and 
superb  vestments,  and  had  its  head 
crowned  with  a  sun  of  diamonds  of  in- 
calculable value.  Our  Lady  of  Atocha 
is  noted  for  preventing  fire  and  pesti- 
lence ;  it  weeps  over  public  calamities, 
and  gives  health  to  princes.    Atocha  is 


•  Times,  Feb.  27,  1852. 


1854.] 


Shrines  and  Images  of  the  Virgin  Mary. 


133 


said  to  be  a  corruption  from  Antioch, 
whence  the  image  came ;  another  tra- 
dition pointing  Eastward,  which  illus- 
tra:e8  the  origin  of  the  black  visage. 
There  are  several  histories  of  this 
image;  the  earliest  I  am  acquainted 
with  bears  the  date  1604,  and  was 
printed  at  Madrid. 

Facts  and  traditions  so  vague  are 
not  of  much  value  in  tiiemselves,  but 
when  we  find  them  tending  to  eluci- 
date a  question,  they  at  least  seem  to 
supply  a  broken  link  or  two  in  the 
cham  of  evidence. 

Among  the  numerous  pictures  and 
statues  of  the  Virgin  Mary  those 
ascribed  to  St.  Luke  are  the  most  cele- 
brated. Of  these  the  number  is  very 
considerable ;  although,  of  course,  there 
are  many  of  disputed  originality. 
Where  this  idea  arose,  of  St.  Luke 
being  an  artist,  is  perhaps  now  difficult 
of  research,  and  scarcely  repaying 
much  trouble  in  the  inquiry ;  certain 
it  is  that  it  has  been  a  very  anciently 
received  opinion.  According  to  some, 
however,  it  is  an  error  arising  from 
the  fact  that  a  noted  painter  lived  in 
Tuscany,  in  the  middle  of  the  eleventh 
century,  of  the  name  of  Luke,*  who, 
by  a  confusion  of  ideas,  has  been  con- 
founded with  the  Evangelist.  This 
artist,  however,  lived  at  least  a  century 
too  late  for  the  tradition,  which,  so  far 
as  I  am  aware,  is  at  first  recorded  by 
Simeon  Metaphrastes,  a  Greek  writer 
of  the  tenth  century.  Emeric  David 
considers  that  Lanzi  has  proved  that 
certain  portraits  of  the  \nrgin  Mary 
were  painted  by  a  Florentine,  named 
Luke,  which  is  not  improbable;  but 
Metaphrastes  states  the  received  opi- 
nion clearly,  and  that  at  once  over- 
throws the  idea  that  the  story  arose 
from  the  Tuscan  artist,  which  was 
scarcely  likely  to  have  originated  a 
tradition  so  widely  received  both  in 
the  Greek  and  Latin  church.  After 
s[>euking  of  the  attainments  of  St.  Luke 
in  philosophy,  rhetoric,  and  "all  the 
arts,"  the  legendary  writer  above- 
named  saysif — "But,  among  other 
things,  this  is  most  gratifying,  that  he 
drawing  with  lines  and  wax  the  type 
itself  of  the  assumed  humanity  of  my 
Christ,  and  that  sign  of  her  who  had 
brought  him  forth,  first  delivered  them 


to  us,  that,  down  to  these  times,  they 
should  be  honoured  in  their  images,  so 
that  he  did  not  consider  it  enough, 
unless  through  an  image  and  type  he 
should  converse  with  those  whom  he 
desired,  which  is  a  sign  of  the  most 
fervent  love."  I  have  given  a  literal 
rendering  of  the  passage,  so  that  the 
original  words  employed  may  be  un- 
derstood. Tlie  reference  to  wax  shows 
the  writer  either  had  the  encaustic 
mode  in  his  mind,  or  the  simpler  linear 
process  on  a  tablet  of  wax.  The  pas- 
sage is  interesting  in  more  cases  than 
one,  and  it  establishes  the  fact  that  the 
tradition  already  existed  in  the  tenth 
century,  an  hundred  years  before 
writers  above  named  supposed  the  idea 
to  have  had  its  origin. 

Mrs.  Jameson  has  observed,  as 
St.  Luke  was  early  regarded  as  the 
great  authority  with  respect  to  the 
life  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  that,  in  figu- 
rative language,  he  might  be  said  to 
have  painted  her  portrait.  This  view 
is  quite  in  harmony  with  the  common 
practice  of  legendary  writers  and  of 
popular  ignorance,  of  interpreting  me- 
taphors literally,  and  making  a  logical 
consequence  of  a  rhetorical  flourish. 
I  hesitate  to  say  that  it  was  entirely 
due  to  that  circumstance  that  the  idea 
arose,  but  it  is  extremely  probable  that 
it  lent  its  aid  to  form  the  tradition. 
If  one  might  adventure  a  guess  as  to 
the  period  when  it  first  arose,  I  think 
probability  would  point  to  the  time  of 
the  Iconoclastic  controversy,  as  what 
argument  so  convincing  as  to  assert 
that  one  of  the  Evangelists  was  him- 
self a  painter  and  maker  of  images? 

The  idea  of  St.  Luke  the  Evange- 
list being  a  painter,  is  then  a  far-re- 
ceived tradition, — but  how  a  sculptor? 
This  is  the  most  curious  point  of  all, 
as  the  most  celebrated  miraculous 
figures  are  said  to  be  the  work  of  St. 
Luke.  Of  these  I  will  enumerate  a 
few  of  the  most  renowned.  The  figure 
of  Our  Lady  of  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  de- 
stroyed by  the  revolutionists;  that  of 
Our  Lady  of  Loretto,  the  most  noted 
of  all.  Also  the  images  at  Santa  Maria 
Majxjiiore  in  Rome;  that  of  St.  Au- 
gustine  in  the  same  city ;  another  at 
the  Rotunda;  another  at  the  church 
of  St.  Sixtus,  (this  is  a  portrait,  not  a 


•  Vid.  Manni,  Dissert,  del  vero  pitt.  Luca  Santo. 
"f  Vid.  Lippomeno  de  Vitis  Sanctorum,  S.  Luca. 


184 


Shrines  and  Images  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 


[Feb. 


fi^re ;)  and  another  in  the  church  of 
St.  Maria  della  Consolazione.  That  of 
Edessa  had  a  wide  celebrity;  so  has 
that  near  Bolosna.  Our  Lady  of  Fri- 
singa,  in  Bavaria,  is  one  affirmed  to  be 
an  undoubted  original,  but  it  has  not 
a  very  creditable  pedigree.  It  was 
given  by  an  emperor  of  Constantinople 
to  Gian  Galeazzo,  Duke  of  Milan ;  he 
made  a  present  of  it  to  an  English 
courtesan,  she  to  a  lord  of  the  Scala 
family,  who  gave  it  to  his  brother, 
then  bishop  of  Frisinga.  I  am  not 
aware  if  it  ever  worked  miracles.  At 
Malta  is,  or  was,  a  veritable  work  by 
St.  Luke,  with  a  tawny  complexion, 
black  hair,  eyes,  and  eyebrows,  and 
aquiline  nose.  Another  at  St.  Hya- 
cinth, at  Venice,  totally  different.  At 
Cambray  also,  and  at  Briinn  in  Mora- 
via, ut  pie  creditvr,  St.  Luke*s  handi- 
craft is  visible.  The  image  of  the 
Polish  shrine,  before  named,  at  Czes- 
tochow,  is  not  only  said  to  be  by  St. 
Luke,  but  painted  in  the  bouse  at 
Nazareth  which  afterwards,  as  we  all 
know,  was  carried  by  angels  to  Lo- 
retto.  Perhaps,  the  picture,  which  St. 
Gregory  carried  in  procession,  during 
a  time  of  pestilence,  is  the  most  noted 
of  all  the  so-called  pictures  of  St. 
Luke.  The  plague  was  stayed,  and 
St.  Gregory  saw  an  angel  on  the  Mole 
of  Hadrian  sheath  a  bloody  sword,  in 
token  of  the  anger  of  God  being  ap- 
peased ;  hence  the  name  of  Santo  An^ 
gelo,  by  wl^ich  the  tower  has  since 
been  known.  Misson  mentions  another 
of  St.  Luke*s  Madonnas  at  St.  Maria 
della  Pace  in  Rome,  so  called  on  ac- 
count of  its  predicting  peace  between 
France  and  Spain  in  the  sixteenth 
century,  uttering  the  following  words, 
in  the  presence  of  some  monks :  '*  Et 
in  terra  pax.**  "  Our  Lady  of  the 
King,*'  in  tiie  church  of  St.  Maria,  in 
via  lata,  is  also  by  St.  Luke.  The 
church,  it  is  stated,  was  actually  built 
on  the  same  spot  in  which  that  Evan- 
gelist wrote  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles, 
and,  according  to  some,  it  possesses 
the  original  manuscript.*  St.  Luke 
painted  this  portrait  in  anticipation, 
and  by  revelation,  on  the  day  the 
Virgin  Mary  was   married,  although 


he  had  never  seen  her ;  thus  it  bears 
the  title  of  "  of  the  Rin^,**  and  is 
painted  with  a  ring  on  her  nnger. 

The  titles  given  to  some  of  the  cele- 
brated Madonnas  are  singularly  amus- 
ing. There  are  several  called  "  Weep- 
ing Madonnas,**  others  "  Talking  Ma-' 
donnas,**  according  to  certain  propen- 
sities which  the  image  is  saidoccasionally 
to  have  indulged  in:  there  is  even  a 
"  Screaming  Madonna.*'  Of  the  speak- 
ing images,  that  which  reprimanded 
Gregory  the  Great,  for  passing  it  with- 
out devotion,  must  be  considered  the 
most  famous.  Misson  ^ives  the  origi- 
nal dialogue  in  Latin  ;  tne  following  is 
a  translation : — 

Image,  Hey  1  where  are  you  going, 
rash  key -bearer  ?  hollo  you,  stop  ! 

Gregory,  What  voice  is  it  strikes  on 
my  ear  ?  Who  so  impious  to  use  an  im- 
pudent tongue  on  me,  vicegerent  of  the 
King  of  Heaven  ? 

Im.  Stop  1  turn  your  eyes  and  venerate 
her  who  calls  you. 

Greg.  Wonderful  !  prodigious  I  an 
image  speaks  !  but  perhaps  sleep  has  de- 
ceived my  dull  senses.  Do  you  call  me, 
O  Image  ?  I  see  the  lips  moving,  the 
head  nodding.  What  is  it  you  require, 
O  Image?  Thy  name,  Image,  may  it  be 
permitted  to  inquire  ? 

Im.  The  holy  Mother  of  thy  Lord.  Is 
it  unknown  to  thee,  Gregory  ?  A  virgin 
bringing  forth  without  knowing  a  man— of 
royal  descent — the  Mystic  Rose — the  Ark 
of  the  Covenant — Queen  of  Heaven — the 
Golden  House — Spouse  of  the  Thunderer 
— Mirror  of  Justice,  and  its  shield— the 
Tower  of  David  and  the  Gates  of  Heaven  1 
Am  I  unknown  to  thee,  Gregory  ? 

Greg,  I  ask  pardon  for  my  ignorance, 
worthy  Image.  I  have  never  before  seen 
the  Virgin  Mary  speaking. 

Im,  Let  it  paM  this  time ;  but  after  this 
bear  it  in  mind  to  give  the  due  salutation. 
Where  are  you  going  now  ? 

Greg.  Andrew, the  presbyter, celebrated 
a  sweet  mass  upon  thy  altar  ;  and,  behold, 
he  has  delivered  a  soul  frotn  purgatory, 
which,  impatient  and  half-roasted,  lies  at 
the  shut  gates :  it  waits  for  me  to  open 
them. 

Im,     Make  baste,  Gregory .f 

This  wretched  and  unseemly  jargon 
has  been  ascribed  by  some  to  the 
Venerable  Bede  4  an  insult  his  memory 


*  See  a  notice  of  the  supposed  autograph  MS.  of  Saint  Markka  Gospel,  at  Venice, 
in  our  Magazine  for  August  last,  p.  1 83. 
t  Voyage  d'ltalie,  tom.  ii.  146. 
X  Erasmus  alludes  to  this  circumstance  in  his  Dialogue  on  Pilgrimages. 


1854.] 


Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary, 


185 


does  not  deserve ;  nor  can  it  be  a 
matter  of  any  moment  to  inquire  into 
the  authorship.  This  image  was  "Our 
Lady  "  of  the  church  of  St.  Cosmo  and 
St.  Damian,  and  was  also  painted  by 
St.  Luke.  St.  Gregory  accorded  the 
privilege  of  delivering  a  soul  from 
purgatory,  to  every  priest  who  should 
perform  a  mass  upon  the  altar  of  the 
"Our  Lady"  which  had  spoken  to  him. 

At  Potsch,  in  Bohemia,  is  a  "  Weep- 
ing Madonna,"  that  is  to  say,  one  of 
such  lachrymose  tendencies  as  to  be 
specially  remarkable ;  for,  as  in  that  of 
Atocha,  "weeping"  formed  the  duty 
of  many.  There  is  also  another  iu 
Hungary  which  is  said  to  be  often  in 
tears  for  human  wickedness ;  it  is  at 
Tymau,  and  the  author  of  its  story 
speaks  of  it  as  scepius  lachrymata. 

The  origin  and  history  of  these 
shrines  contain  matter  so  far  removed 
from  all  ordinary  ideas  of  credibility, 
that  the  wonder  would  be,  how  they 
could  so  often  be  reproduced  as  they 
have  been  down  to  our  own  times,  if 
we  had  not,  every  now  and  then,  such 
strong  proofs  of  the  extreme  ease  with 
which  people  are  beguiled.  Not  only 
are  the  images  and  portraits  by  St. 


Luke  multiplied  to  a  degree  that  is 
absurd,  even  if  his  skill  and  profession 
were  acknowledged,  but  there  are 
many  not  made  at  all, — found  in  oaks, 
or  miraculously  dug  out  of  the  earth ; 
and  some  are  made  by  the  hands  of 
angels.  No  story  has  been  too  wild, 
or  extravagant;  and,  as  to  the  miracles, 
there  is  not  a  shrine,  however  humble, 
that  does  not  record  in  its  history  a 
larger  number  than  are  met  with  in 
the  whole  New-  Testament.  Hung 
round  the  altars  are  the  votive  offer- 
ings of  the  halt  and  the  blind ;  eyes, 
legs,  arms,  and  breasts,  in  silver  or  in 
wax,  according  to  the  wealth  of  the 
donor,  are  exhibited  to  the  faithful  in 
evidence  of  truth,  so  that  the  order  of 
nature  seems  so  often  disturbed  on 
trifling  occasions,  that  we  might  yield 
to  the  argument  of  a  learned  seceder, 
and  say,  that  these  disturbances  are 
rather  parts  of  laws,  and  belong  to  the 
eternal  order  of  things.  On  a  future 
occasion  I  will  present  to  the  reader 
some  of  the  narratives  of  the  celebrated 
shrines  in  Europe  which  yet  attract 
pilgrims  to  their  altars. 

J.  G.  Wallee. 


WANDERINGS  OF  AN  ANTIQUARY : 

Chiefly  upon  the  traces  of  the  Romans  in  Britain.     By  Thomas  Wright,  E^q.,  M.A., 

F.S.A.     London.    J.  B.  Nichols  and  Sons.  1854. 


AS  the  greater  part  of  the  contents 
of  this  volume  have  already  appeared 
in  our  columns,  which  implies  suf- 
ficiently our  favourable  opinion  of  it, 
we  shall  not  be  expected  on  the  pre- 
sent occasion  to  speak  of  it  critically. 
We  may,  h(»wever,  now  regard  it  as  a 
whole,  especially  as  the  chapters  printed 
in  our  Magazine  have  been  all  revised, 
some  of  them  considerably  enlarged, 
and  several  new  chapters  added. 

It  has  been  Mr.  Wright's  object  to 
convey  archaeological  information  under 
the  form  of  a  narrative  of  personal  in- 
vestigations on  remarkable  sites  which 
still  enshrine  some  of  the  most  inte- 
resting remains  of  the  Roman,  the 
early  British,  and  the  Saxon  periods. 
Many  of  these  monuments  are  com- 
paratively but  little  known,  while  re- 
8{)ecting  others   there  are  conflicting 


opinions,  prejudices,  and  errors.  To 
correct  mistakes,  to  clear  up  disputed 
points,  and  to  impart  knowledge  is  the 
author's  aim:  to  accomplish  these  objects 
no  medium  can  be  more  attractive  than 
that  which  includes  a  description  of 
localities  accompanied  by  illustrations. 
Had  Stukeley  possessed  the  advan- 
tages which  have  fallen  to  the  lot  of 
the  author  of  the  Wanderings^  his 
Itinemriwn  Curiosum  would  doubtless 
have  been  far  more  valuable  than  it 
really  is ;  he  evidently  saw  the  im- 
portance of  giving  the  reader  an  insight 
mto  the  features  of  the  country  sur- 
rounding the  remains  he  describes ; 
and,  though  he  does  not  always  show 
good  judgment  in  his  sketches,  he  not 
unfrequently  makes  them  useful,  and 
sometimes  they  serve  even  to  correct 
the  descriptive  text.     It  is  solely  in  re- 


136 


WandeHnga  of  an  Antiquary. 


[Feb. 


ference  to  the  great  advantage  of  the 
introduction  of  illustrations  that  we 
refer  to  Stukeley's  ponderous  folio.  It 
can  only  be  used  by  the  experienced 
antiquary,  who  knows  how  to  adopt 
and  how  to  reject.  Mr.  Wright  in  his 
portable  octavo  conveys  sound  antiqua- 
rian information  at  every  step  in  a 
pleasing  and  popular  manner,  which 
must  render  the  volume  a  grateful 
companion  to  all  who  have  not  made 
our  national  ancient  monuments  a  pro- 
fessed study :  and  even  the  experienced 
archaeologist  will  often  find  unsuspected 
new  views  of  old  opinions  which  it  may 
be  at  least  wholesome  to  revise  or  re- 
consider. 

In  directing  attention  to  the  Wan- 
derings we  may  particularise  the  novel 
information  anbrded  on  the  Roman 
ironworks  in  the  Forest  of  Dean  and  its 
neighbourhood,  a  subject  which  bos 
also  been  successfully  investigated,  in 
relation  to  similar  remains  in  Sussex, 
by  Mr.  M.  A.  Lower :  ancient  Veru- 
lamium,  the  chapter  devoted  to  which 
is  replete  with  interest  from  the  intro- 
duction of  much  curious  matter  taken 
from  the  early  Monkish  writers  :  the 
Kentish  coast  from  Deal  to  Dym- 
church :  the  Roman  potteries  on  the 
Medway  :  the  valley  of  Maidstone,  in- 
cluding Kits  Coty  House,  and  re- 
searches made  by  Mr.  Wright  in  its 
vicinity :  Goodmanham  and  its  tradi- 
tions :  the  Roman  villa  of  Bignor  in 
Sussex,  and  the  early  church  archi- 
tecture in  that  county,  and  in  other 
part^  of  England,  on  which  Mr.  Wright 
has  the  merit  of  contributing  some 
new  and  useful  sugjirestions :  and  the 
great  puzzle  of  antiquaries,  Stone- 
henge.  In  addition  to  these  and  nu- 
merous other  subjects  which  have  been 
discussed  in  our  Magazine,  the  volume 
contains  much  novel  matter.  We  may 
refer  especially  to  the  Saxon  remains 
at  Ozengall ;  the  ruins  of  Rutupise,  or 
Richborough  ;  and  the  Roman  Isurium, 
or  Aldborough,  in  Yorkshire.  The 
first  of  these  essays  is  entitled  "  A  Visit 
to  the  Graves  of  the  Followers  of  lien- 
gist  and  Horsa,"  and  opens  as  follows. 

It  was,  according  to  the  mo&t  probable 
calculations,  in  one  of  the  years  between 
440  and  450,  that  a  party  of  warriors  from 
the  coast  of  Friesland — '*  pirates*'  some 
call  them,  bat  in  those  days  the  diatinction 
was  not  very  easily  made,  and  we  can  now 
see  little  difference,  in  this  respect,  betweea 
3 


the  conquests  of  a  Ceesar  or  of  a  Hengist 
— swept  over  that  sea  which  their  own 
minstrels  designated  by  the  expressive 
epithet  of  the  "  whale's  bath,"  and  ob- 
tained possession  of  the  Isle  of  Thanet. 
The  tradition — perhaps  we  may  call  it  the 
fable — of  after-ages,  said  that  they  were 
led  by  two  chiefs  named  Hengist  and 
Horsa  ;  that  they  had  been  banished  from 
their  own  country;  and  that  they  came 
hither  at  the  invitation  of  the  Britons,  who 
sought  their  assistance  against  domestic 
enemies.  The  commonly  received  story  of 
Hengist  and  Horsa  will,  however,  hardly 
bear  a  critical  examination,  and  those 
worthies  appear  to  have  belonged  rather 
to  the  mythic  poetry  of  the  heroic  ages  of 
the  North,  than  to  the  sober  annals  of 
Saxon  warfare  in  our  island.  The  names 
are  nearly  synonymous  in  meaning,  each 
signifying  a  horse,  an  animal  reverenced 
by  the  people  of  whom  we  are  speaking, 
who  carried  it  on  their  standard,  and  in 
this  sense  it  may  be  perfectly  true  that  the 
settlers  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet  were,  in  this 
expedition  of  conquest  and  colonisation, 
the  followers  of  Hengist  and  of  Horsa. 

At  this  time,  England  had  been  for 
many  generations  a  Roman  province, 
covered  with  Roman  towns  and  villas,  and 
inhabited  by  Romans  and  Romanised  na- 
tives, who  used  Roman  manners  and  cus- 
toms, and  spoke  the  Latin  tongue.  The 
Isle  of  Thanet  was,  in  these  early  ages, 
separated  from  the  rest  of  Kent  by  a  more 
considerable  river  than  at  present,  and  by 
what  was  then  more  like  an  estuary  of  the 
sea  than  a  mere  succession  of  mar!»hes 
and  morasses.  On  the  south,  this,  was 
defended  by  the  strong  Roman  post  of 
Richborough,  or,  as  it  was  then  called, 
RutupiK,  the  grand  port  of  entry  of  the 
Romans  into  Britain,  and  the  spot  from 
whence  their  luxurious  tables  were  sup- 
plied with  the  choicest  oysters,  the  Hhells 
of  which  are  still  scattered  in  profusion 
among  the  pottery  and  other  remains 
which  the  spade  of  the  husbandman,  ur 
the  pick  of  the  "  navvy,"  is  constantly 
turning  up.  On  the  north  stood  the  no 
less  formidable  station  of  Regulbium,  the 
remains  of  which  are  now  known  by  the 
name  of  Reculver.  We  know  little  of  the 
manner  in  which  the  Isle  of  Thanet  was 
occupied  by  the  Romans ;  no  towns  are 
mentioned  there  in  their  itineraries,  but 
the  number  of  Roman  coins  and  other 
antiquities  found  in  laying  the  foundations 
of  Ramsgate  pier,  and  the  remains  of  the 
Roman  burial  places  in  the  neighbourhood, 
prove  that  that  great  people  must  have 
had  a  settlement  of  some  importance  at 
Ramsgate,  and  their  presence  has  been 
traced  by  Mmilar  memorials  in  tlie  neigh- 
bourhood of  Minster. 


1854.] 


AAer  continuing  tbe  histoncal  id- 
trodncCion  Mr.  Wright,  describea  mi- 
nutely the  scenery  and  the  journey 
frnm  Sandwich,  in  companj  with  Mr. 
Kolfe,  to  assist  in  opening  the  Saxon 
graves:— 

The  ride  from  Saadwich  to  Oseiii(Bl1,  on 
>  clear  dsj,  is  eiceedingly  fine.  The  dis- 
luice  ii  lomeHhot  less  than  six  milet.  At 
6nt  the  characler  of  the  icvDerf,  and 
especiallf  the  back  liew  upon  tbe  town  of 
Sandwich,  ii   purelj  Flemish.     The  only 


left.  < 


liabU  I 


lag  gro 


to  the 


combats  ID  which  the  RatopiiD  gsmaon 
had  partaken.  Hitherto  the  prospect  lies 
open   onlj  to  the   left ;  to  the  right  low 

muddy,  tortaoug  Stour  drags  its  eourse,  is 
easilf  concealed  b;  a  Tew  houses,  or 
stunted  plaiitatious.  But  as  these  disap- 
pear, and  the  road  suddenly  approaches 
nearer  the  sea  shore,  the  «Bt>;t9  of  Peg- 
well  Bay  open  berors  ns,  and  a  long  line 
of  distant  cliffs,  terminated  by  Ramagato 
Pier  and  the  shipping  in  Ramsgate  Har- 
bour, form  B  bold  Teotare  in  the  vie*.  A 
atrip  of  low  and  swampy  ground,  danger- 
ous at  some  periods  of  the  year  to  thoae 
who  are  betrayed  into  it,  and  even  now 
entiieaed  only  by  the  blue  dress  of  an 
occasional   coait-gunrdsiaan,   picking   1 ' 


able  mysterj.  When  we  visited 
of  Richhoroughoa  thepteceding 
'  a  lone  nightingale  was 


the  onlyw 

iiare  so  long  reposed  m  peace  nnaer  its 
green  sod.  This  morning,  as  we  passed  it 
on  onr  way,  a  long  line  of  while  curling 
lapoar  marked  the  progress  of  a  ballast 
train  on  the  milwiy  then  constructini'  im- 
mediately beneath  it  at  the  foot  of  the 
hill,  until  it  gradoatl;  diaappeared  among 
the  distant  trees,  over  which,  a  little  fur- 
ther on,  might  be  aern  the  tower  of  Min- 
ster  church.     Not    far    beyond    Richbo- 

ceired,  on  the  same  side  of  the  road,  a 
hu'ge  tumulus  or  barrow,  which  (as  this  is 
supposed  by  some  to  have  been  the  mode 
of  burial  with  which,  amocg  the  Romana, 
thosewhofellin  battle  were  inoreeipecially 
honoured),  perhaps  covers  the  bones  of  a 
Roman  officer  who  fell  in  some  of  the 
Gem.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


ellin. 


s,byw 


a  this 


a,  called  froi 


en  Sandwich  and  Rams- 
gale  the  Unlf-way  House,  tbe  road,  wliieh 
before  bad  no  other  hedge  than  a  few 
buehea  of  blackthorn,  on  thia  occasion 
whitened  with  blossom,  begins  to  be  bor- 
dered with  hawthorn  hedges,  and  we  com- 
mence a  gradual  ascent,  during  which  the 
prospect  to  the  left  is  cut  olT  by  tbe  rising 
hill,  but  to  the  right  aud  behind  us  the 
view  becomes  mnre  glorious  at  every  step. 
"    '  ■  "     present 


itself  a 


of  c 


d  beyon 


.    stretch 


9  Sandtti 


B  landsci 
and  the  lit 


Higher    . 

bill»  oSera  itself  to  our  view,  and  the  pros- 
pect extends  over  the  ees  to  the  Downs. 
and  to  tbe  remoter  coast  of  France  ;  and 
when,  at  length,  we  reach  the  apot   on 


138 


Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary, 


[Feb. 


which  the  followers  of  Hengist  and  Horsa 
were  buried,  with  the  same  mapiificent 
prospect  towards  the  sea,  the  line  of 
the  Kentish  hills  becomes  more  extensive 
inland,  and  the  towers  of  Canterbury  Ca- 
thedral are  added  to  the  intermediate 
landscape  ;  a  noble  burial-place  for  men 
whose  birthright  it  was  to  play  with  the 
ocean,  and  who  had  so  recently  made 
themselves  masters  of  the  valleys  that  lay 
extended  below. 

The  account  of  the  excavations  and 
the  scientific  results  will  be  perused 
with  much  interest  by  the  archaeolo- 
gist ;  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  many 
similar  researches  made  in  other  parts 
of  the  county  in  the  last  century  were 
not  thus  chronicled  for  the  advantage 
of  the  archajological  inquirer. 

The  chapter  on  Aldborough  (Isu- 
rium  )  is  the  best  guide  yet  published 
to  some  of  the  richest  Roman  remains 
in  this  country,  some  beautiful  plates 
of  which  were  put  forth,  a  few  years 
since,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.Ecroyd 
Smith.  Mr.  Wright  has  personally 
examined  the  pavements,  the  walls,  the 
buildings,  and  the  inscriptions,  and 
nothing  worthy  of  notice  appears  to 
have  escaped  his  eye.  Ahlborough, 
however,  rich  as  it  is  in  remains  of 
antiquity,  like  othor  Roman  sites,  is 
but  barely  mentioned  in  history  ;  its 
name  alone  occurs !  Local  historians 
have,  nevertheless,  connected  it  with 
events  and  with  historical  ])erson- 
ages.     After  quoting  a  recently-pub- 


lished local  History,  Mr.  Wright  ob- 
serves : — 

I  will  only  remark  that  all  this  pretended 
history  is  entirely  without  foundation ;  it 
is,  in  fact,  a  very  remarkable  instance  of 
the  manner  in  which  everything  relating 
to  the  early  history  of  our  island  has  been 
too  often  treated    by  writers   who   were 
eager  to  furnish   information    where  the 
want  of  knowledge  gave  an  opportunity  for 
specidation.  We  have  no  reason  for  stating 
that  Isurium  was  known  to  the  *'  Druids 
and  Britons"  by  the  name  of  Iseur  ;  the 
derivation  has  not  even  remote  probability 
in  its  favour,  and  there  is  not  the  least 
ground  for  supposing  that  Isis  was  ever 
worshipped  here  ;  we  have  not  the  slight- 
est reason  for  stating  that  it  was  the  seat 
of  the  Brigantian  kings,  and  its  connection 
with  Venutius  and  his  queen  is  a  mere 
creation   of  fancy  ;  neither  have  we  any 
reason  for  believing  that  it  was  ever  *•  the 
northern  metropolis  of  the  Romans,"  or 
that  they  removed  from  hence  to  Ebura- 
cum.     All  that  we  really  know  is  simply 
that  Isurium  must  have  been  one  of  the 
earlier  Roman  towns  in  Britain,  since  it 
is  mentioned  by  Ptolemy,  and  that  it  ex- 
isted at    the    time   when    the    Antonine 
Itinerary  was  compiled.     I  mention  this 
chiefly  to  warn  my   readers  against   the 
speculative    antiquarianism     which     thus 
builds  deceptive  edifices  without  founda- 
tions.*    Such  warning  is  not  unnecessary, 
for  there  are  still  many  stumbling-blocks 
of  this  kind  which  require  to  be  removed 
out  of  the  way  of  the  young  antiquary; 
and  I  hope  that  there  are  now  many  young 
antiquaries  in  this  country  to  receive  the 
hint  as  an  acceptable  one.f 


♦  I  regret  to  say  that  Mr.  Ecroyd  Smith,  the  most  recent  historian  of  Roman  Isu- 
rium, has  given  in  too  much  to  these  fanciful  statements  on  the  supposed  British  history 
of  this  city,  and  that  he  is  not  alwajs  quite  as  accurate  as  he  ought  to  be  in  quoting  his 
early  authorities.  He  says  that  Ptolemy  "occupies  the  city  by  a  portion  of  the  sixth 
legion  ;"  but  if  he  had  looked  at  Ptolemy  himself  he  would  see  that  Ptolemy  states 
merely  that  Eburacum  was  occupied  by  the  sixth  legion,  saying  nothing  of  any  part  of 
any  legion  being  connected  with  Isurium. 

t  It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  persons  should  venture  to  print  opinions  and 
conjectures  on  subjects  of  a  scientific  character,  of  the  science  of  which  they  are  not 
acquainted  with  the  first  rudiments  ;  especially  when  those  rudiments  are  now  not 
difficult  to  be  obtained.  We  have  some  strange  examples  in  the  book  of  which  we  have 
been  speaking.  I  think  there  can  be  few  persons  in  England  taking  any  interest  in 
the  early  antiquities  of  their  country  who  do  not  know  that  both  on  the  red  Roman 
pottery,  known  among  antiquaries  as  Samian  ware,  and  on  the  coarser  whitish  ware 
used  for  amphorae,  mortaria,  &c.  either  letters  or  complete  words  are  stHmpcd,  which 
are,  in  fact,  the  names  of  the  potters.  Hitherto  the  potters'  marks  on  the  white  ware 
have  not  been  so  carefully  collected  as  those  on  the  red  ware;  in  **The  Celt,  the  Roman, 
and  the  Saxon,"  1  have  given  a  list  of  about  a  thousand  varieties  of  the  latter.  Among 
them  is  the  name  of  COBNERTVS,  who  in  one  example  uses  the  mark  COBNERTI 
M.  (t.  e.  Cobnerti  manu,  by  the  hand  of  Cobnertns),  and  in  a  fragment  in  the  museum 
at  Aldborough  it  is  COB,  either  an  abbreviation  or  merely  a  fragment  of  the  mark  (I 
have  not  seen  it  to  be  able  to  say  which).  Mr.  Gill  has  printed  the  following  droll 
suggestion  on  what  he  describes  as  "  one  with  a  horse  and  a  child  playing  near  a  woman 


1854.] 


Among  the  additional  cuts  is  a  very 

Ketty  ore  of  Hythe,  from  a  sketch  by 
r.  Samuel  J.  Alackiei  of  Folkestone, 
which  we  lake  the  liberty  of  trans- 
fiirring  to  our  columns.  Tlic  view 
is  from  the  eastern  approach  to  the 
town,  in  which  the  church  presents 
itself  as  a  very  prominent  object.  It 
is  remarkable  for  its  collection  of  early 
Dkulls,  relatins  to  which  many  fables 
.  have  been  toM.  They  arc  of  consi- 
derable antiquity,  and  certainly  de- 
serve the  attention  of  ethnologiats.  Mr. 
Alexander  Walker,  in  his  "  Physiog- 
nomy founded  on  Physiology,"  slates 
that  these  skulld  may  be  divided  into 
two  classes — the  one  long  and  narrow, 
the  other  short  and  brood.    The  former 


fae  considers  to  be  Celtic  or  British, 
the  latter  Teutonic.     Mr.  Wright  ob- 

I  have  alna^s  suspected  that  tbeae  bones 


-  Bt  least  th 
uof  tt 


billed 


whid) 
which 


re  been  added 
times- — from  a  Saion  or  Roman  cemetery 
(probably  the  former),  which  may  have 
been  chosen  as  the  sice  of  the  original  church 
liere ;  and  this  suppoiition  seems  to  ha 
conHrmed  by  the  fact  (bat,  in  rearranging 
a  pan  of  the  stack  of  bonea,  the  sextcm 
recently  found  anderneatb  tliem  a  few 
pieces  of  broken  pottery  (now  in  the  pos- 
session of  Mr.  S.  3.  Mackie,  of  Polke- 
stonr),  some  of  which  are  of  a  very  early 

of  Anglo-Saxon  burial  urns.    Among  them 


having  a  head-dress  of  the  noted  f<i/i»ii«  or  helmet  fabhioa,  and  theinscriptioo,  C.O.B,, 
which  we  venture  to  interpret,  Conjugi  Oplimir  BrilanBiciP,  considering  it  as  a  token 
of  gallantry  from  a  Roman  soldier  to  his  Brittah  good  housewife."  ! !  1  This  writer  is 
still  more  ingenious  when  he  gets  among  the  amphora  and  mortaria.  The  following 
are  nearly  all  well-known  potters'  marks — the  first  is  the  commencement  of  the  name 
Valerius,  or  Valens,  both  uf  which  are  founii  in  some  instances  complete,  and  the 
secoadia  found  sometimes  with  an  additiousl  letter,  L.C.F.P.C.O.,  the  o  no  doubt 
standing  for  officind,  or,  "  from  the  worksliop"  of  the  individual  or  individuals  indi- 
cated by  the  letters  preceding.  ''  Piecea  of  rims  of  similar  paters,"  says  the  book 
alluded  to,  ■'  have  V.A.  on  one  side  ([rir.Vo.]  Viclrii  Aniiqua),  on  another  O.  On 
the  handle  of  the  large  ampliora  is  L.C.F.P.C.,  most  probably  a  contraction  of  Luciut 
CfTeatis/fcil  Prp/eclnt  caitrorum  [the  prtefclns  castrorum  turned  into  a  potter  I]  ; 
on  another  is  CM.I.B.,  a  contraction  of  Civilat  Indigma  hurii  Briganlum.  On  ano- 
ther, R.V.A.  (RomoHtt,  Valen;  Antiqoa,)  showing  that  Aldburgh,  at  the  moat  early 
period  to  which  we  can  refer,  boasted  of  its  antit|Uity."  <  I 

Truly,  to  ingenuity  which  could  make  such  discoveries  as  these,  we  might  recommend 
for  employment  some  of  those  mysterious  Cjmbinationa  of  letters,  such  ss  L.S.D. — 
M.P.~«.C.— F.S.A.— and  the  like,  which  are  not  uncommon  at  the  present  day.  We 
can  hardly,  indeed,  imagine  the  publication  of  such  remarks  as  those  we  have  just 
quoted  in  the  year  XHfil. 


140 


Rachel  Lady  Rttsselfs  Letters. 


[Feb. 


were  some  fragments  of  glazed  medieval 
pottery  of  a  later  period — probably  of  the 
sixteenth  century— which  the  sexton  in- 
geniously accounted  for  by  supposing  them 
to  be  the  remains  of  the  jugs  out  of  which 
the  men  who  collected  the  bones  drank 
their  beer  1  It  is  a  curious  circumstance 
that  there  was  once  a  similar  collection  of 
bones  in  Folkestone  church,  which  we  now 


know  to  have  stood  on  or  by  the  site  of  an 
early  Anglo-Saxon  cemetery. 

In  confirmation  of  Mr.  Wright's 
opinion,  we  may  add,  that  Saxon  se- 
pulchral remains  have  been  frequently 
found  on  the  high  ground  at  the  back 
of  Hythe  church. 


RACHEL  LADY  RUSSELL'S  LEITERS. 
Letters  of  Rachel  Lady  Russell.     In  2  Vols.      Longman. 


THE  name  of  Rachel  Russell  is  one 
for  which,  Protestants  as  we  are,  we  are 
well  nigh  tempted  to  demand  canoni- 
zation. Still,  with  ever  new  wonder 
and  admirini^  love,  do  we  return  to 
each  memorial  of  that  noble  woman ; 
to  the  proofs  of  a  submission  to  the 
Divine  Will,  and  fidelity  to  the  me- 
mory of  her  earthly  lord,  not  to  be 
read  only  in  expressions  of  pious  resig- 
nation and  of  faithful  love ;  but  in  the 
course  of  a  long  life,  filled,  as  few  lives 
have  been,  with  positive  acta  of  duty  : 
marked  also  by  the  cultivation  and 
exercise  of  a  sound  judgment  in  all 
things.  Who  is  there  whose  character, 
take  it  for  all  in  all,  is  richer  in  quali- 
ties which  seldom  meet  in  one  and  the 
same  person?  Gentleness  and  can- 
dour, combined  with  a  very  keen  sense 
of  indignation  against  moral  wrong, — 
sympathy  with  the  young, — tenderness 
to  the  weak, — with  severe  judgments 
of  herself.  Neitlier  soured,  nor  spoiled, 
nor  deadened  in  her  perceptions  by 
trial ;  ready  for  every  emergency ; 
humble,  but  not  to  be  diverted  from 
any  right  purpose ;  quiet,  brave,  sim- 

Ele,  just,  and  loving — can  this  j)icture 
e  thought  overcharged  ?  To  us,  in- 
deed, every  trace  of  this  remarkable 
woman  is  sacred,  and,  under  other  cir- 
cumstances, we  would  not  willingly 
have  been  among  those  who  have  made 
her  private  memorials  and  letters  com- 
mon to  all  the  world.  But  it  is  far  too 
late  in  the  day  for  reserve.  The  con- 
fidential outpourings  of  Rachel  Russell, 
the  loving  wife  and  mourning  widow, 
are  the  rich  inheritance  of  every  read- 
ing English  man  or  woman,  and  our 
testimony  of  gratitude  for  sucli  trea- 
sures is  all  that  remains  for  us  to 
bestow. 

In  order  to  explain  the  special  cha- 


racteristic of  this  new  edition  of  the 
famous  Letters,  it  is  necessary  to  go 
back  to  the  year  1819.  In  that  year 
Miss  Berry,  whose  decease,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  ninety,  w  e  but  lately  chro- 
nicled, was  appointed,  or  permitted, 
by  the  Duke  of  Devonshire  to  edit  a 
series  of  letters  from  Lady  Rachel 
Russell  to  her  Lord,  which,  preserved 
in  the  archives  of  Devonshire  House, 
had,  till  then,  never  been  published ; 
although  those  letters  which  were  writ- 
ten subsequent  to  Lord  Russell's  exe- 
cution had,  long  before,  been  familiar 
to  English  readers.  Miss  Berry  ac- 
companied this  edition  (in  4to.)  by  a 
Memoir,  the  best  which  has  appeared 
before  or  since,  which  was  afterwards 
reprinted  in  a  fragmentary  work  en- 
titled, *'  A  Comparative  View  of  Social 
Life  in  England  and  France,"  in  2  vols. 
1844.  Meanwhile  a  new  edition  of 
the  Life  of  William  Lord  Russell  by 
Lord  John  Russell  beinff  called  for,  it 
seems  to  have  struck  the  noble  bio- 
grapher of  the  husband,  that  a  complete 
edition  of  the  Letters  of  the  wife,  of 
corresponding  size,  would  be  advise- 
able,  and  we  nave  accordingly,  for  the 
first  time,  the  two  series  united — the 
letters  before  and  after  Lady  Russell's 
widowhood.  To  those  who  possess 
both  works  this  arrangement  is  useful ; 
yet  it  fails  in  the  desired  completeness, 
so  far  as  Lady  Russell  is  concerned. 
It  is  surely  to  be  complained  of,  not 
without  reason,  that  the  Letters  should 
have  been  thus  flung  upon  the  public, 
accompanied  merely  by  foot-notes  and 
a  very  short  introduction.  A  violence  is 
done  to  the  reader  s  feelings  by  passing, 
without  a  pause,  without  even  the  in- 
tervention of  a  significant  blank  page, 
from  a  fond,  endearing  letter  addressed 
to  the  living  husband,  in  which  the 


1854.] 


Rachel  Lady  RusselVs  Letters. 


141 


moments  that  were  to  pass  before  a 
happy  meeting  are  almost  counted, — 
and  one  from  the  widow  to  her  uncle, 
and  to  the  Lord  Privy  Seal.  Surely 
Lord  John  Russell,  if,  as  we  suppose, 
the  initials  J.  R.,  appended  to  the  in- 
troduction, mark  this  edition  as  being 
under  his  superintendence,  should  have 
looked  to  this  point.  It  is  revolting 
to  the  feelings  to  pass  from  a  picture 
of  pure  domestic  happiness  thus  at 
once  into  the  presence  of  utter  deso- 
lation ;  and  it  is  neither  truthful  nor 
natural  to  give  no  trace  of  the  dread- 
ful scenes  that  intervened.  We  like 
not  this  barbarous  mode  of  throwing 
down  original  documents  without  a 
connecting  link,  so  that  each  reader 
must  contrive  to  spell  out  the  true 
story  as  he  can.  A  question  will  also 
be  asked,  why,  if  there  be  no  better 
Memoir  than  Miss  Berry *s  (and  it  is 
very  sufficient,  reliable,  and  fairly  writ- 
ten,) it  should  not  have  been  appended 
or  interwoven  with  the  original  docu- 
ments?* 

In  making  these  observations,  let  it 
not  be  supposed  that  we  ^dervalue 
the  uses  of  the  foot-notes,  many  of 
which  are  by  Miss  Berry,  while  some 
have  been  added  by  Mr.  Martin,  the 
librarian  of  Woburn  Abbey.  A  few 
letters  not  before  published  at  all,  ap- 
pear also  in  this  edition  ;  but  the  most 
remarkable  new  contribution  is  a  letter 
addressed  by  Lady  Russell  to  her  chil- 
dren, and  dated  on  the  anniversary  of 
her  husband's  execution.  To  this  we 
shall  again  recur. 

First,  however,  we  must  say  a  few 
words  about  the  earlier  series,  when 
Lady  Russell,  still  bearing  her  first 
married  name  of  Vaughan,  writes  to 
her  husband,  yet  un-ennobled.  A  wife 
and  a  mother,  we  know,  she  had  been 
before ;  but  so  early  in  life,  according 
to  the  parental  orderings  of  that  time, 
that  it  18  fair  to  conclude  the  strength 
of  her  affections  had  not  been  called 
forth.  Her  baby  died  almost  imme- 
diately after  its  baptism,  and  Lord 
Vaughan  himself  soon  followed  :  so  she 
carried  her  wealth  of  soul,  and  person, 
and  purse,  to  Mr.  Russell,  second  son 
of  the  Earl  of  Bedford,  in  the  close  of 


the  year  16G9.  Her  parentage  and 
early  years  have  all  the  light  possible 
thrown  on  them  by  Miss  Berry,  to 
whose  Memoir  we  refer  the  reader,  as 
also  for  the  following  remarks  on  this 
series  of  the  Letters : — 

The  first  letters  in  the  following  series 
are  addressed  by  Lady  Vaughan  to  her 
husband,  Mr.  Russell,  in  the  spring  of  the 
year  1672.  They  are  continued,  at  distant 
intervals,  to  within  a  twelvemonth  of  his 
death.  They  are  few,  for  during  the  four- 
teen happy  years  of  their  union  they  were 
little  apart.  Their  only  moments  of  sepa- 
ration seem  to  have  been  some  visits  of 
duty  to  his  father  when  living  entirely  at 
Woburn,  or  during  his  elections  for  two 
successive  Parliaments ;  some  short  ab- 
sences in  London,  on  private  or  political 
business,  and  his  attendance  at  Oxford 
during  the  only  session  of  the  Parliament 
so  suddenly  dismissed  by  Charles. 

These  letters  are  written  with  such  a 
neglect  of  style,  and  often  of  grammar,  as 
may  disgust  the  admirers  of  well-turned 
periods,  and  they  contain  such  frequent 
repetitions  of  homely  tenderness  as  may 
sliojk  the  sentimental  readers  of  the  pre- 
sent day.  But  they  evince  the  enjoyment 
of  a  happiness,  built  on  such  rational 
foundations,  and  so  truly  appreciated  by 
its  possessors,  as  too  seldom  occurs  in  the 
history  of  the  human  heart.  They  are 
impressed  too  with  the  marks  of  a  cheer- 
ful mind,  a  social  spirit,  and  every  indi- 
cation of  a  character  prepared,  as  well  to 
enjoy  the  sunshine  as  to  meet  the  storms 
of  life. 

Thus  gifted,  and  thus  situated,  her 
tender  and  prophetic  exhortations  both  to 
her  Lord  and  herself,  to  merit  the  con- 
tinuance of  such  hoppiness,  and  to  secure 
its  perfect  enjoyment  by  being  prepared 
for  its  loss,  are  not  less  striking  than  his 
entire  and  absolute  confidence  in  her  cha- 
racter, and  attachment  to  her  society. 

The  death  of  Mr.  RusselFs  elder 
brother  in  1678,  caused  the  title  to 
devolve  on  Lord  William,  and  then  first 
the  well-koown  name  of  Rachel  Russell 
is  presented  to  the  reader,  for  hereto- 
fore she  had  retained  that  of  Vaughan. 
Two  daughters  and  a  son  were  born 
(luring  tiiese  fourteen  happy  years. 
Once,  at  least,  it  would  seem  in  the 
course  of  this  time  that  the  fond  wife 
had  an  alarm, — a  boding  of  what  might 


*  Since  the  above  was  written  we  have  seen  the  Memoir  included  in  Mrs.  Newton 
Crosland's  volume  of  Biographies  of  Remarkable  Women.  With  all  cespect  to  Mrs. 
C.  it  does  not  appear  to  us  equal  to  the  other  and  very  excellent  memoirs  contained  in 
that  interesting  book. 


142 


Rachel  Lady  RusselVs  Letters, 


[Feb. 


come.  She  heard  a  rumour  of  his 
intention  of  moving  in  the  House  of 
Lords  a  strong  resolution,  and  wrote  a 
short  letter  thereupon,  which  found 
him  in  his  place  in  the  House.  The 
letter  is  as  follows  : — 

March  1677- 8. 
My  sister  being  here  tells  me  she  over- 
heard you  tell  her  Lord  last  night,  that 
you  would  take  notice  of  the  business 
(you  know  what  I  mean)  in'the  House;* 
this  alarms  me,  and  I  do  earnestly  beg  of 
you  to  tell  me  truly  if  you  have  or  mean 
to  do  it.  If  you  do,  I  am  most  assured 
you  will  repent  it.  I  beg  once  more  to 
know  the  truth.  It  is  more  pain  to  be  in 
doubt,  and  to  your  sister  too ;  and  if  I 
have  any  interest,  I  use  it  to  beg  your 
silence  in  this  case,  at  least  to-day. 

R.   RUSSKLL. 

Excepting  this  momentary  alarm, 
the  picture  of  peace  and  affection  seems 
perfect.  Every  line  testifies  to  the 
deep  well-spring  of  happiness  within. 

London,  June  12,  1680. 

My  dearest  heart,  flesh  and  blood  can- 
not have  a  truer  and  greater  sense  of  their 
own  happiness  than  your  poor  but  honest 
wife  has.  I  am  glad  you  find  Stratton  so 
sweet;  may  you  live  to  do  so  one  fifty  years 
more  ;  and,  if  God  pleases,  I  shall  be  glad 
I  may  keep  your  company  most  of  those 
years,  unless  you  wi^ih  other  at  any  time  ; 
then  I  think  I  could  willingly  leave  all  in 
the  world,  knowing  you  would  take  care  of 
our  brats :  they  are  both  well,  and  your 
great  one's  letter  she  hopes  came  to  you. 

Again : — 

Stratton.  September  20  [30],  1681. 
To  see  anybody  preparing,  and  taking 
their  way  to  see  what  1  long  to  do  a  thou- 
sand times  more  than  they,  makes  me  not 
endure  to  suffer  their  going,  without 
saying  something  to  my  best  life ;  though 
it  is  a  kind  of  anticipating  my  joy  when 


we  shall  meet,  to  allow  myself  so  much 
before  the  time :  but  I  confess  1  feel  a 
great  deal,  that,  though  I  left  London 
with  great  reluctance,  (as  it  is  easy  to 
persuade  men  a  woman  does,)  yet  that  I 
am  not  like  to  leave  Stratton  with  greater. 
They  will  tell  you  how  well  I  got  hither, 
and  how  well  I  found  our  dear  treasure 
here  :  your  boy  will  please  you;  you  will, 
I  think,  find  him  improved,  though  I  tell 
you  so  beforehand.  They  fancy  he  wanted 
you ;  for,  as  soon  as  I  alighted,  he  fol- 
lowed, calling  Papa ;  but,  I  suppose  it  is 
the  word  be  has  most  command  of;  so 
wos  not  disobliged  by  the  little  fellow. 
The  girls  were  fine,  in  remembrance  of 
the  happy  29th  of  September  ;t  and  we 
drank  your  health,  after  a  red-deer  pie ; 
and  at  night  your  girls  and  I  supped  on  a 
sack  posset :  nay.  Master^  would  have  his 
room  ;  and  for  haste  burnt  his  fingers  in 
the  posset;  but  he  does  but  rub  his  hands 
for  it.  It  is  the  most  glorious  weather 
here  that  ever  was  seen.  The  coach  shall 
meet  you  at  the  cabbage-garden  :  be  there 
by  eight  o'clock,  or  a  little  after;  though 
I  guess  you  can  hardly  be  there  so  soon, 
day  breaks  so  late ;  and  indeed  the  morn- 
ings are  so  misty,  it  is  not  wholesome  to 
be  in  the  air  so  early.  I  do  propose  going 
to  my  neii;hbour  Worsley  to-day.  I  would 
fain  be  telling  my  heart  more  things — 
anything  to  be  in  a  kind  of  tilk  with  him  ; 
but  I  believe  Spencer  stays  for  my  dis- 
patch :  he  was  willing  to  go  early  ;  but 
this  was  to  be  the  delight  of  this  morning, 
and  the  support  of  the  day.  It  is  per- 
formed in  bed,  thy  pillow  at  my  back  ; 
where  thy  dear  head  shall  lie,  I  hope,  to- 
morrow night,  and  many  more,  I  trust  in 
His  mercy,  notwithstanding  all  our  ene- 
mies or  ill-wishers.  Love,  and  be  willing 
to  be  luved,  by  R.  Russell. 

Our  sources  of  information  throw 
little  new  light  on  the  conduct  of  Lady 
Kussell  on  the  seizure,  trial,  and  exe- 


*  On  the  14th  of  March  of  this  year,  the  House  of  Commons  had  resolved  itself 
into  a  committee  of  the  whole  House  to  consider  the  state  of  the  nation.  The  motion 
for  this  committee  was  made  by  Lord  Russell  in  the  following  words  : — "  I  move  that 
we  may  go  into  a  committee  of  the  whole  House  to  consider  of  the  sad  and  deplorable 
condition  we  are  in,  and  the  apprehensions  we  are  under  of  Popery  and  a  Standing 
Army,  and  that  we  may  consider  of  some  way  to  save  ourselves  from  ruin." 

Sir  John  Rcresby  mentions  the  great  exertions  made  by  the  Court  to  resist  these 
proceedings.  It  is  probable  that  this  note  was  meant  to  dissuade  Lord  Russell  from 
making  this  motion,  or  perhaps  from  some  other  of  a  stronger  nature  on  the  same 
subject,  in  which  she  was  successful.  Lord  Russell  having  kept  this  note,  and  endorsed 
it,  with  the  time  at  which  it  came  to  his  hands,  proves  the  strong  impression  which 
some  circumstance  about  it  had  made  on  his  miod. 

t  Tiic  birthday  of  Lord  Russell. — The  letter  was  evidently  written  on  the  following 
morning,  though  dated  in  the  book  Sept.  20. 

X  Her  son,  then  not  a  year  old,  having  been  bom  on  the  Ist  Nov,  1680.  Her  two 
girls  were  born  in  1664  and  1676. 


1854.] 


Rachel  Lady  RusselVs  Letters* 


143 


cutioii  of  this  beloved  husband.  He 
was  committed  to  the  Tower  on  the 
26th  of  June,  tried  on  the  13th  of  July, 
and  beheaded  in  Lincoln^s-Inn- Fields 
on  the  21st  of  the  same  month,  1683. 
Her  bearing  during  this  rapid  and 
frightful  passage  from  joy  to  grief  has 
been  so  often  the  subject  of  admira- 
tion, and  has  so  high  a  place  in  the 
annals  of  heroism,  that  we  can  add 
nothing  to  its  renown.  From  the  mo- 
ment of  his  committal  she  worked  with 
the  industry  of  a  practised  lawyer  in 
collecting  evidence  and  information  as 
to  the  course  likely  to  be  pursued 
against  him,  adopting  every  possible 
precaution  in  his  behalf.  It  is  said 
that  her  appearance  in  the  court  on 
his  trial  caused  a  thrill  and  murmur  of 
anguish  throughout  the  assembly ;  and 
when  the  prisoner  requested  leave  to 
employ  a  person  to  take  notes  at  the 
trial,  and  was  answered  that  a  servant 
would  be  allowed  him  for  the  purpose. 
Lord  Russcirs  immediate  rejoinder, 
"  My  wife^  my  lord,  is  here  to  do  it,** 
must  have  occasioned  yet  a  deeper  and 
more  thrilling  emotion.  We  pass  over 
the  cruel  scenes  that  ensued:  the  unjust 
verdict ;  the  unrelenting  tenacity  of 
the  King,  who  suffered  the  daughter 
of  his  old  friend  Southampton  to  kneel 
at  his  feet  in  vain ;  the  aggravated 
bitterness  of  the  Duke  of  York,  who, 
it  was  said,  wanted  to  have  the  execu- 
tion take  place  in  front  of  South- 
ampton House,  which  occupied  the 
north  side  of  what  is  now  Bloomsbury 
S<juare.  Thus  much  is  certain,  that, 
dear  as  was  the  life  of  her  lord  to  her. 
Lady  Kussell,  firmly  believing  in  his 
iimocence,  would  not,  any  more  than 
himself,  listen  to  any  abject  or  base 
compliance.  When  Tillotson  would 
fain  have  prevailed  on  him  to  own  that 
**  resistance  to  kingly  authority  was  in 
every  case  unlawful,"  he  replied  *'  that 
he  could  not  utter  a  lie."  "I  can  have 
no  conception,"  he  afterwards  added, 
"  of  a  limited  monarchy  which  has  not 
a  right  to  defend  its  own  limitations : 
my  conscience  will  not  permit  me  to 
say  otherwise  to  the  King."  *  That 
these  sentiments  were  partaken  by  his 
wife  Tillotson  knew  so  well,  as  that 
when,  after  all  was  over,  he  appeared 
for  the  first  time  in  her  presence,  his 
consciousness  of  ill  desert,  in  having 


pleaded  rather  for  the  life  that  now  is 
than  for  that  which  is  to  come,  op- 
pressed and  embarrassed  him.  To  tne 
nonour  of  her  candour  and  generous 
kindness,  she  forgave  freely;  and  only 
on  one  distant  occasion,  when  the  then 
Dean  consulted  her  as  to  the  propriety 
of  complying  with  Kin^  William  s  de-. 
sire  to  make  him  archbishop,  gently 
reminded  him  that  the  time  was  *^come 
when  Ae,  too,  must  practise  that  sub- 
mission which  he  had  so  powerfully 
tried  himself  and  instructed  others  to." 

How,  with  such  intense  love,  her 
unflinching  uprightness  gained  the  vic- 
tory, is  known  only  to  Him  at  whose 
throne  her  devout  spirit  sought  strength 
and  aid.  She  was  aware  that  plans  bad 
been  laid  for  his  escape,  even  at  the 
last ;  but,  knowing  that  he  deemed 
them  dangerous  and  likely  to  involve 
others,  it  does  not  appear  that  she 
troubled  him  with  any  entreaties  to 
avail  himself  of  them ;  and  at  her  final 
parting,  the  night  before  the  execu- 
tion, she  left  him  without  allowing  a 
single  sob  of  passion  to  disturb  his 
heavenly  composure.  And  so  she  re- 
turned to  her  home,  hopeless  of  earthly 
relief,  and  feeling  that  all  her  prayers 
must  now  be  for  the  future  meeting  in 
that  world  to  which  her  dearest  trea- 
sure was  going. 

A  very  few  days  had  passed  after 
the  cruel  event  ere  the  lion  spirit  in 
her  was  again  aroused  by  a  cruel  attack 
on  his  memory.  The  court  affected  to 
believe  that  the  pa];)er  delivered  by 
Lord  Russell  to  the  sheriffs  was  not 
his  own.  She  wrote  emphatically  to 
the  King — 

I  do  therefore  humbly  beg  your  Ma- 
jesty would  be  so  charitable  to  believe, 
that  he  who  in  all  his  life  was  observed 
to  act  with  the  greatest  clearness  and 
sincerity,  would  not  at  the  point  of  death 
do  so  disingenuous  and  false  a  thing  as  to 
deliver  for  his  own  what  was  not  properly 
and  expressly  so.  And  if,  after  the  loss 
in  such  a  manner  of  the  best  husband  in 
the  world,  I  were  capable  of  any  consola- 
tion, your  Majesty  only  could  afford  it  by 
having  better  thoughts  of  him,  which,  when 
I  was  so  importunate  to  speak  with  your 
Majesty,  I  thought  I  had  some  reason  to 
believe  I  should  have  inclined  you  to,  not 
from  the  credit  of  my  word,  but  upon  the 
evidence  of  what  1  had  to  say.  1  hope  I 
have  written  nothing  in  this  that  will  dis- 


*  Introduction  to  the  edition  of  Letters  published  iu  18u9,  p.  cxiz. 


144 


Rachel  Lady  Niisseirs  Letters. 


[Feb. 


please  your  Majesty.  If  I  have,  I  humbly 
beg  of  you  to  consider  it  as  coming  from  a 
woman  amazed  with  grief ;  and  that  you 
will  pardon  the  daughter  of  a  person  who 
served  your  Majesty's  father  in  his  greatest 
extremities  [and  your  Majesty  in  your 
greatest  posts],  and  one  that  is  not  con- 
scious of  having  ever  done  anything  to  of- 
fead  you  [before].  I  shall  ever  pray  for 
your  Majesty's  long  life  and  happy  reign. 

And  now  we  come  to  the  celebrated 
Letters,  which,  being  so  truly  part  of 
herself,  have  passed  into  the  catalogue 
of  our  most  precious  private  docu- 
ments. As  cotN/MsUiorut,  we  think  they 
have  been  over-rated.  They  are  often 
confused,  and  have  by  no  means  the 
easy  correctness  of  Mrs.  Hutchinson's. 
Moreover,  they  soniethnes  provoke  the 
reader  to  a  little  impatience  by  the 
over  deference  which  the  writer  pays 
to  her  spiritual  guides.  Dr.  Fitzwil- 
liam,  an  extremely  honest  man, — one 
whose  non-juring  scruples  afterwards 
occasioned  his  loss  not  merely  of  pre- 
ferment, but  of  the  living  he  was 
actually  holding, — having  been  her 
father's  chaplain,  was  ot  course  her 
confidential  friend,  and  conscientiously 

Eerformed  what  he  thought  his  duty 
y  her.*  But  his  long  sermons  of  con- 
solation ajmear  to  us  anything  but 
soothing.  Always  when  we  light  upon 
them  we  are  reminded  of  Milton — 

OmsolutoricR  writ 
With  studied  argument  und  i>crAU:u«ioii  wrou^lit, 
I<eniei)t  of  t;ricf  und  nnxiouN  thua;;lit. — 
But  with  th'  afflicted  in  his  i>angH  their  Hound 
Little  prevail,  <>r  rather  Kccnis  a  tune 
HofKh  and  of  diivtonant  iuoo<l  from  hiM  complaint ; 
Unlciw  he  feel  within 
Some  hource  of  consolation  from  above, 
Secret  refreuhinjrs,  that  reimir  his  strength 
And  fainting  Npiritj4  uphold. f 

Happily  for  Rachel  Russell,  these 
"secret  refreshings"  were  her  daily 
and  nightly  portion.  Afterwards  came 
the  outward  calls  of  duty.  Here  is  a 
letter  written  on  the  death  of  the  Earl 
of  Bedford's  wife — the  mother  of  Lord 
Russell. 

I  would  not  choose,  (she  says,  writing 


from  Woburn.)  to  leave  a  good  man  under 
a  new  oppression  of  sorrow,  that  has  been 
and  is  so  very  tender  to  me.  He  is  a 
stronger  Christian,  and  therefore  does  his 
duty  in  all  trials  better  than  I  can  do  ;  yet 
since  I  may  maintain  there  is  no  compa- 
rison in  our  losses,  though  it  is,  I  can 
easily  believe,  difficult  parting  from  a 
friend  one  has  lived  easily  with  near  fifty 
years.  Yet  when  it  falls  away,  like  ripe 
fruit  that  must  be  gathered,  or  if  it  remain 
hanging  some  time  longer  must  become 
insignificant,  sure  it  wants  the  aggrava- 
tions of  mine  ever  to  be  lamented  cala- 
mity. But  I  must  not,  you  tell  me,  give 
way,  or  too  much  time,  to  muse,  or  rather 
to  be  astonished  at  what  has  happened  to 
me.  I  do,  and  truly  think  do  so  sincerely. 
God's  **  will  be  done  in  earth  as  it  is  in 
heaven,"  but  the  interruption  I  find  is  — 
was  this  his  determination — had  we  not  a 
free  choice  ?  yes  sure  we  had,  but  it  is  as 
sure  He  permitted  it,  and  there  1  must 
rest,  and  meekly  submit  to  this  most 
heavy  dispensation.  I  do  confess,  and 
fear  I  have  not  thankfnlness  only^  for 
the  blessings  I  have  yet  remaining,  as  if  1 
could  relish  nothing  but  without  that 
sharer  of  my  joys  und  sorrows  ;  but  1  pray 
I  may,  and  in  God's  own  time,  shall  be 
heard:  he  will  not  suffer  the  eye  that  waits 
on  him  to  fail,  and  though  he  kill  me,  I 
will  trust  in  him. 

It  was  just  before  this  that  she  went 
for  the  tirst  time  to  see  the  burial 
place  of  her  husband :  "  1  have  ac- 
complished it  (she  says)  and  am  not 
the  worse,  having  satisfied  my  longing 
mind,  and  that  is  a  little  ease,  such 
degrees  as  I  must  look  for."  In  an- 
other place  she  again  alludes  to  this 
visit. 

Doctor  (»he  writes),  I  had  considered, 
I  went  not  to  seek  the  living  among  the 
dead  ;  I  knew  I  should  not  tee  him  any 
more  wherever  1  went,  and  had  made  a 
covenant  with  myself  not  to  break  out  in 
unreasonable  fruitless  passion,  but  quicken 
my  contemplation  whither  the  nobler  part 
was  fled,  to  a  country  afar  off,  where  no 
earthly  power  bears  any  sway,  nor  can  put 
an  end  to  a  happy  society.  There  1  would 
willingly  be,  but  we  must  not  limit  our 
time :  I  hope  to  wait  without  impatiency.§ 


•  He  was  Rector  of  Cottenham  and  a  Canon  of  Windsor,  but  lost  both  his  prefer- 
ments at  the  Revolution,  on  refusal  to  take  the  oaths  to  William  and  Mary. 

t  Samson  Agoni^^tes. 

X  For  "  only  "  read  probably  "  enough  :"  and  the  word  **  but,"  two  lines  after,  appears 
superfluous.  We  suspect  the  letters  are  not  very  carefully  edited.  In  the  letter  before 
eitracted  we  have  altered  the  passage  **  where  thy  dear  head,"  &c.  from  "  tahy.""— 
SvLv.  Urban. 

§  Vol.  i.  p.  135. 
4 


1854.] 


Rachel  Lady  RusselVs  Letters, 


145 


Her  children,  and  their  grandfather, 
are  now  her  great  cares.  We  know 
that  no  duty  to  them  was  neglected. 
Then  came  trials  in  her  sister's  family. 
Then  family  events  —  marriages  — 
christenings — interspersed  with  politi- 
cal interests,  which  never  fell  dead 
upon  her  mind  and  heart, — the  cru- 
elties of  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict 
of  Nantes,  the  tyrannies  nearer  home. 
Brightly  rose  upon  that  darkened  ho- 
rison  the  first  dawning  hope  of  our 
great  Revolution.  Lady  Russell  was 
already  on  terms  of  friendship  and 
confidence  with  the  Princess  of  Orange, 
and  to  witness  the  triumph  of  mode- 
ration in  politics,  and  of  toleration  in 
religion,  seems  to  have  given  her  almost 
a  new  life.  "  Those  who  have  lived 
the  longest  (she  says),  and  seen  the 
most  change,  can  scarce  believe  it  is 
more  than  a  dream,  yet  it  is  indeed 
real,  and  such  a  reality  of  mercy  as 
ouglit  to  melt  and  ravish  our  hearts 
into  subjection  to  Him  who  is  the  dis- 
penser of  all  providences."  From  this 
time  may  be  dated  a  return  to  all 
those  kinds  of  worldly  prosperity  which 
rest  on  kindly  and  national  favour. 
The  old  Earl  of  Bedford  was  elevated 
to  the  dukedom,  not  less  for  his  own 
sake  than  for  that  of  his  slaughtered  son. 
Before  all,  however,  was  the  reversal 
of  the  attainder  of  Lord  Russell,  whose 
death  was  plainly  called  "  murder,*'  in 
the  preamble  to  the  act  passed  for  that 
purpose.  As  Lady  Russell's  daughters 
grew  up,  she  married  them,  it  appears, 
well  and  happily  ;  and  her  son,  though 
for  some  time  unguarded  in  his  habits, 
and  embarrassing  his  mother  by  an 
unfortunate  fondness  for  play,  seems 
to  have  returned  in  no  long  time  to  an 
exemplary  course,  rigorously  denying 
himself  pleasures,  and  even  the  cus- 
tomary appendages  of  his  rank,  for  the 
sake  of  fully  discharging  his  debts. 
Old  as  these  tales  are,  they  are  re- 
curred to,  as  marking  the  gentleness, 
skill,  and  prudence,  with  which  Lady 
Russell  performed  some  difficult  duties. 
The  letter   to  her    husband's  father 


(vol.  IL  p.  161),  pleading  for  indul- 
gence to  his  grandson,  under  the  im- 
Erudences  we  have  mentioned,  is  a 
eautiful  specimen  of  this  wisdom  and 
kindness.  And  when  this  cherished 
son,  now  the  inheritor  by  his  grand- 
father's decease  of  a  dukedom,  himself 
lay  on  the  bed  of  death,  she  was  there 
too,  the  good  angel  ministering  to  his 
peace  and  comfort. 

Alas  !  (she  writes)  my  dear  Lord  Gal- 
way,  my  thoughts  are  yet  all  disorder, 
confusioD,  and  amazement ;  and  I  think 
I  am  very  incapable  of  saying  or  doing 
what  I  should.* 

I  did  not  know  the  greatness  of  my  love 
to  his  person,  till  I  could  see  it  no  more. 
When  nature,  who  will  be  mistress,  has  in 
some  measure,  with  time,  relieved  herself, 
then,  and  not  till  then,  I  trust  the  Good- 
ness, which  hath  no  bounds,  and  whose 
power  is  irresistible,  will  assist  me  by  his 
grace  to  rest  contented  with  what  his  un- 
erring providence  has  appointed  and  per- 
mitted. And  I  shall  feel  ease  in  this  con- 
templation, that  there  was  nothing  uncom- 
fortable in  his  death,  but  the  loaing  him. 
His  God  was,  I  verily  believe,  ever  in  his 
thoughts.  Towards  his  last  hours  he  called 
upon  Him,  and  complained  he  could  not 
pray  his  prayers.  To  what  I  answered, 
he  said,  he  wished  for  more  time  to  make 
up  his  accounts  with  God.  Then  with 
remembrance  to  his  sisters,  and  telling  me 
how  good  and  kind  his  wife  had  been  to 
him,  and  that  he  should  have  been  glad 
to  have  expressed  himself  to  her,  said 
something  to  me  of  my  double  kindness 
to  his  wife,  and  so  died  away.  There 
seemed  no  reluctancy  to  leave  this  world, 
patient  and  easy  the  whole  time,  and  I 
believe  knew  his  danger,  but  loth  to  grieve 
those  by  him,  delayed  what  he  might  have 
said.  But  why  all  this  ?  The  decree  is 
past.  I  do  not  ask  your  prayers  ;  I  know 
you  offer  them  with  sincerity  to  our  Al- 
mighty God  for 

Your  afflicted  kinswoman. 

June,  1711. 

Other  trials  were  hers.  Blindness, 
from  which  she  was  relieved  by  couch- 
ing ;  then  the  death  of  one  of  her 
daughters,  the  Duchess  of  Rutland,  in 
child-bed.    This  last  most  sad  event 


*  To  this  affliction  succeeded,  six  months  after,  the  loss  of  her  daughter,  the  Duchess 
of  Rutland,  who  died  in  child-bed.  Lady  Russell,  after  seeing  her  in  the  coffin,  went 
to  her  other  daughter,  married  to  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  from  whom  it  was  necessary 
to  conceal  her  grief,  she  being  at  that  time  in  child-bed  likewise  ;  therefore  she  assumed 
a  cheerful  air,  and,  with  astonishing  resolution,  yet  agreeably  to  truth,  answered  her 
anxious  daughter's  inquiries  with  these  words — **  I  have  seen  your  sister  out  of  bed 
to-day." 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI.  U 


146 


The  Galway  Brooch, 


[Feb. 


occurred  in  the  month  of  Oct.  1711. 
Lady  Kussell  survived  it  thirteen  more 
years,  and  closed  her  own  unsullied 
life,  in  her  87th  year,  Sept.  29,  1723. 
Of  those  whose  avocations  now  lead 
them  through  Bloomsbury  Square  few 
perhaps  know  or  remember,  though 
little  more  than  half  a  century  has 
passed  since  its  demolition,  that  on  its 
northern  side  once  stood  the  princely 
mansion  where  Lord  William  and  Lady 
Rachel  Kussell  lived,  and  where  the 
widowed  and  Ion*;  mournino^  woman 
jrielded  up  her  breath.  The  vignette 
in  the  title  of  these  volumes  shows  it 
to  have  been  a  stately  palace- like 
structure,  with  noble  trees  on  each 
side,  and  open  terrace  before,  where 
now  the  blackened  statue  of  Fox  sits 
looking  towards  the  desecrated  spot 
The  ground-plan  shows  also  that  it  was 


open  to  fields  and  country  behind.  Li 
1759,  Gray,  writing  from  the  imme- 
diate neighbourhood,  Southampton 
Row,  speaks  of  the  pleasant  Bedford 
Gardens,  and  the  Uampstead  and 
Ilighgate  views  beyond.  Southamp- 
ton House  (latterly  called  Bedford 
House,  and  pulled  down  in  1800)  was 
one  of  those  monuments  of  the  past  to 
the  loss  of  which  nothing  can  recon- 
cile us.  The  design,  we  are  told,  was 
given  by  Inigo  Jones.  How  ill  do 
squares  and  modern  streets,  and  Eli- 
zabethan fancies,  replace  one  such 
true  historical  monument  as  this ! 

In  the  vault  of  the  Russells  at 
Chenies,  Buckinghamshire,  by  the  side 
of  her  husband,  after  their  forty  years* 
separation,  rest  the  remains  of  Rachel 
Russell.  There  let  them  lie  till  the 
Resurrection  of  the  Just !  * 


THE  GALWAY  BROOCH. 


OUR  antiquarian  friends,  and  we 
may  add  our  fair  friends,  are  now  fa- 
miliar with  the  forms  of  some  of  the 
elegant  antique  brooches  which  have 
been  discovered  in  Ireland  :  so  many 
beautiful  copies  of  which  have  been 
made  by  modern  jewellers,  particularly 
by  the  houses  of  West  and  Waterhouse 
of  Dublin.  They  could  scarcely  be 
overlooked  among  the  multifarious 
treasures  of  the  Great  Exhibition  of 
1851  ;  and  of  last  yearns  Exhibition  at 
Dublin  they  formed  a  very  interesting 
feature,  where  they  ap()eared  in  juxta- 


position with  most  of  the  originals. 
We  have  now  the  pleasure  to  exhibit 
to  our  readers  a  reprcsentaticm  of  a 
newly  -  discovered  Anti(iue  Brooch, 
which  was  found  only  in  .June  last, 
near  the  town  of  Galway,  and  has  con- 
sequently been  named  The  (jalwat 
Brooch.  It  is  of  silver,  iewelled  with 
ambers ;  and  is  now  in  the  possession 
of  Edward  Hoare,  esq.  of  Cork,  who 
has  favoured  us  with  the  following  ac- 
count of  his  acquisition  of  this  anti- 
quarian treasure : — 

*^  Owing  to  the  Dublin  Exhibition 


*  We  have  left  ourselves  no  room  to  do  justice  to  the  letter  we  had  referred  to, 

"  to  her  Children.''     Some  few  striking  passages,  by  way  of  specimen,  shall  here  be 

given  : — *'  And  now,  my  child,  beheve  your  mother,  there  is  nothing  now  in  this  world 

can  touch  me  very  sorely  but  my  children*s  concerns  (bating  religion)  ;  and,  although 

I  love  your  bodies  but  too  well,  yet  if  my  heart  deceive  me  not  'tis  as  nothing  in  com- 

pnrison  of  your  more  precious  souls.     When  I  have  the  leaiit  jealousy  that  any  of  you 

have   ill  inclinations,  or  not  so  good  as  I  would  gladly  have  them,  or  fear  that  you 

tread  though  never  ho  little  out  of  the  right  path,  O,  bow  it  pierces  my  soul  in  fear  and 

anguish  for  yours  I     If  you  love  or  bear  any  respect  for  the  memory  of  your  futher,  do 

not  endanger  a  separation  from  him  and  me  in  the  next  life.     But  infinitely  above  nil 

other  argument  is  this ;  that  we  should  not  be  ungrateful  to  that  God  that  made  us  and 

preserves  us, — made  us  be  born  into  this  world,  that  wo  might  be  capable  of  a  life  to  all 

Eternity,  where  innocence  and  happiness  last  for  ever.     To  this  place  of  joy  and  bliss 

this  is  our  passage,  and  is  to  8ome  a  more  rugged  than  'tis  to  others,  for  wise  ends,  by 

Providence  hid  from  us  now  ;  but,  when  we  shall  have  put  oflf  these  tabernacles  of  clay, 

our  clarified  spirits  shall  then  understand,  and  admire,  adore,  and  love,  the  wisdom  and 

power  and  love  of  God  lo  his  creatures.    How  lovely  will  the  beauty  of  Providence  be  to 

us  then,  though  now  that  we  see  but  the  dark  side  of  the  cloud  'tis  often  veiy  black  and 

gloomy  to  us.     Remember,  my  child,  and  often  turn  in  your  mind  all  God*8  benefits  as 

far  as  you  are  able  to  recount  them;  remember  his  sending  his  Son  to  die  for  our  sakes, — 

his  leaving  us  an  example  bow  we  should  lead  our  lives." 


Isit  Tvar.  1  wan  iv:Ji)i?nl  uU  [lie  i^uiQDiur 
ami  auluuin  in  Dublin,  occasional Ij 
lAiiij!  lillU  niiii<iu:iHuii  tuurg,  Uunii^ 
one  M  wliicb.  Ijsl  Au^u^t,  I  incl  witb 
llii.'  intervFliiij:  rdic.  It  was  iJisco- 
vtovd  in  ihe  laircr  jari  of  lUe  monib 
(if  June,  in  rcniovin)!  from  a  fluid,  fur 
ihe  purpiMe  of  ■■  top-ilrcSflu;;,''  ti  lirpe 
■uountl  of  earrL,  wiiich  Liil  eviilentlj 
Iwen  the  rciunaDI?  of  a  tumulus.  The 
Lnnn'L  fvll  into  tlie  bauds  of  a  Gutbic 
wuti-hmaki.'r.  wlio,  nut  kutiiring  what 
liimi  of  metal  it  was  (for  it  is  <juite 
Uack,  witb  a  line  cncrustetl  oxide), 
bniiiL-  I  hi;  pin  imrlion  into  three  parts 
anil  tiKjk  out  ihu  auiberf,  ••uppufiiijT 
iheiii  t(i  bu  V Hi uablf  jewels.  iMiorllj 
after.  I  cuaie  across  it  ami  purchased  it, 
and  bad  the  pio  corefullj  repaired  and 
the  ambers  ri.>set.  The  urnnmenlalioD 
of  tbc  wiilvcF  heads  (for  I  believe  ihem 
to  be  :Uch)  I!,  if  so,  of  gr«at  interest. 
I  ilii  not  know  cerlainlj,  as  jou  ask 
me,*  if  wolves'  beads  ore  found  in  an; 
■  ither  ornaments  of  the  same  period. 
I  U'llcvc  nut :  bul  we  r^d,  all  through 
tbe  u[inals  of  Ireland,  that  it  was  over- 
run with  wolves:  and  that  the  Irish 
wtilf-dug  was  useil  for  the  purpose  of 
their  extermination,  is  well  known.  We 
need  not  Ibcrcfiire  be  ii^tonjsfaed  that 
an  animal  so  common  and  so  feared 
should  be  made  the  sulject  of  orna- 

nieai-ure  assist  in  proving  that  llic 
O/tuM  Hibrrnleum  was  really  and  in 
fact  tbe  work  of  Irish  artificers.     This 


is  a  subject  questioned,  and  I  would 
therefore  like  to  bive this  broiich  made 
use  of  in  su[>iHirt  of  (h>>  argument. 
A  friend  and  relative  of  uiv  own,  on  ac 
count  of  the  ambers  thinks  it  of  Scan- 
dinavian workmanship,  and  that  the 
heads  are  those  <if  the  Xorse  whale,  or 
scat.  This  1  cannot  say,  as  I  am  not 
skilled  in  zonliigy,  neither  du  I  know 
the  appearance  of  that  animal ;  but  I 
think  it  right  to  menlion  the  hlea  to 
you.  I  think  aU  the  arran^'ement  of 
the  beads  b:is  been  borrowed  from  the 
trefoil,  or  thamrock,  Ireland's  national 
emblem,  though  siii'b  mar  be  perhaiw 
doubllul.  The  brooch  iis<.-lt;  as  you 
wfll  know,  is  one  of  great  rarity,  and 
the  more  so  in  nirer,  very  few  being 
known  of  that  metal.  They  are  more 
known  in  bronze  than  any  other  metal, 
and  the  celebnileil  'i'ura  brooch  is  of 
while  bruJtze.  The  penannular  form 
has  been  generally  considered  as  pe- 
culiar to  Ireland  and  Scotland,  though 
an  example  or  two  of  such  have  been 
found  in  England.  The  workinan^^hip 
of  nij  brooch  is  very  elegant,  and  the 
ornamentation  very  cleverly  exccule<l. 
The  back  fwrtion  is  perfectly  plain, 
llie  silver  is  much  alloyed,  and,  from 
its  Ion);  burial  in  the  earth,  has  become 
quite  brittle.  The  ^t  where  it  was 
fiiund  is  in  county  Galway,  about  three 
miles  from  the  town  of  Galway,  in  n 
siiuth-caslerly  direction.  I  have  there- 
fore termed  it  "  The  Galtoay  Brooch." 


as  to  the  iilenlitj  of  the  wolves'  htadt.  imagioing 
We  ex|insteJ  our  donbli  tu  Mr.  Htwre,  and 


that  the  f.gnrrs  nther  resmbtnl 
(he  aboce  is  bin  reply.— £<£>'. 


148 


THE  SEPTUAGINT  OF  THE  CHRISTIAN  KNOWLEDGE  SOCIETY. 

'H  OAAAIA  AIAOIIKII  KATA  TOYS  'EBAOMIIKONTA— 'E*:  tov 
l:v  Motrx^i,  abeiijf.  Tijs  lepds  biottcovarjs  Ilvyobov  Truffwy  Twy  'Pwaatwyy 
eKrvTrwOeyros  up\aiov  aXe^aybpiyov  Kwbriicos  fieTarvTrioOeitra,  evboKtff.  fi^v 
Kai  avyepyeiq.  tT}s  *Iepas  ^vyobov  tov  BacriXe/ov  r)/$  'FAXci^os,  bairavij 
bk  Tijs  ev  *Ayy\i(jf.  'Eraipias  rys  irpos  Aidboaiv  rffs  XpitTTiaviKiis  Ilac^eiaS) 
tva  bwpeay  toIs  etc  rov  iepov  KXi/pou  binyifiriTai.  'AGHNIISIN,  ev  t^ 
TvTToypaipeif^  ?/  Mvj;/io<rui'»y  X,  NuoXat^ov  ^iXabeXtpitos,  'Ev  erei  atarri' 
plo)  (/.tofiy — q.ti)fxs — (^w^O — (j^wy^ 


THE  Greek  version  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, which  commonly  passes  under 
the  name  of  the  Septuagint,  forms  the 
biblical  link  between  Judaism  and 
Christianity.  It  is  the  public  evidence 
of  providential  design  in  preparing  the 
world  for  the  advent  of  the  Redeemer. 
Empires  have  passed  away,  the  con- 
quests of  Alexander  and  the  thrones 
of  the  Ptolemies  arc  no  more ;  but  that 
record  endures  for  which  Alexander 
con(iuered  and  the  Ptolemies  reigned. 
The  pharos  of  Alexandria  still  diffuses 
its  imperishable  lustre.  It  originally 
conducted  the  more  candid  and  in- 
quiring amongst  the  Jews  and  Gen- 
tiles, to  the  vestibule  of  the  Christian 
temple.  It  enabled  the  Hellenistic 
Jews,  scattered  over  every  part  of 
the  East,  to  become  the  heralds  and 
forerunners  of  the  Gospel.  It  trans- 
planted the  Old  Testament  from  the 
Hebraic  stereotype,  intelligible  only  to 
the  worshipper  at  Jerusalem,  into  that 
cursive  letter,  which  has  run  into  all 
lands,  and  which  has  sounded  to  the 
ends  of  the  world.  Its  voice  was  heard 
even  where  its  pages  were  never  read. 
Its  echoes  toned  upon  the  citadel  of 
Rome,  and  reached  the  court  of  Augus- 
tus. It  was  whispered  that  some  great 
prince  or  deliverer  was  about  to  ap- 
pear. These  whispers  were  conveyed 
bv  the  Alexandrian  version  of  the  Old 
Testament. 

Amongst  the  presumptive  evidence 
for  the  truth  of  Christianity  from  its 
connection  with  the  records  of  profane 
history,  there  is  nothing  more  calcu- 
lated to  produce  honest  and  impartial 
conviction,  than  a  calm  and  compre- 
hensive survey  of  the  origin,  progress, 
and  cfTocts  of  this  mighty  machine,  for 
the  instruction  of  the  i)eoples,  whether 
ancient  or  modern.  Its  agency  com- 
menced soon  ajflcr  the  death  of  Alex- 


ander. Of  his  mighty  conquests,  Egypt 
fell  to  the  lot  of  the  Ptolemies,  a 
dynasty  remarkably  devoted  to  the 
encouragement  of  literature.  It  waa 
to  grace  the  library  of  Alexandria  that 
this  version  was  professedly  undertaken. 
Callimachus,  the  poet,  was  the  chief 
librarian. 

The  designs  of  Providence,  which 
are  generally  so  obscure  and  mysteri- 
ous, that  it  is  presumptuous  to  even 
attempt  their  interpretation,  were  here 
so  clear  and  transparent,  that  "  he  who 
runs  may  read  them.**  It  is  therefore 
not  surprising,  that  the  learned  trans- 
lators of  our  English  Bible  should  have 
intimated  their  conviction,  that  the 
heart  of  Ptolemy  was  divinely  influ- 
ence<l  to  favour  the  request  of  his 
Jewish  subjects.  The  maxims  of  sound 
policy  would  also  contribute  their  co- 
operation. 

The  period  selected  was  exactly 
fitted  to  the  design.  It  was  about  an 
equal  distance  from  the  great  dis[)er- 
sion  of  the  Jews  by  the  Babylonish 
captivity,  and  the  coming  of  Messias. 
It  was  adjacent  to  those  coniiuests 
which  had  brought  the  East  and  West 
into  one  focus.  The  learning  and  lite- 
rature of  Greece  were  now  associated 
with  the  learning  and  literature  of 
Egypt. 

The  peculiar  idiom  of  this  version 
forms  tne  incontestable  proof  of  its 
authenticity.  None  but  Jews  could 
have  written  it,  and  few  but  Jews  could 
thoroughly  understand  it.  Tlie  phrase- 
ology is  Hebrew,  whilst  the  language 
is  Ureek.  Had  it  been  composed  in 
pure  and  classic  Greek,  its  authenticity 
would  have  been  dubious,  and  its  value 
demolished.  It  would  have  resembled 
the  version  of  Castalio,  as  compareil 
with  the  Latin  vulgatc,  or  that  oi*  Boza. 
It  could  then  never  have  co-operated 


1854.]         Septuagint  of  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society, 


149 


with  the  intentions  of  Providence.  It 
could  not  have  formed  the  leader,  the 
guide,  the  conductor  to  the  New  Testa- 
ment. 

The  chief  difficulty  in  the  tradition 
of  any  doctrinal,  or,  as  the  Germans 
love  to  call  it,  dogmatic^  religion,  con- 
sists in  the  exact  transmission  of  doc- 
trinal terms.  We  all  know  the  endless 
disputes  which  have  taken  place  in  the 
Eastern  and  Western  Churches,  re- 
specting the  precise  scriptural  import 
of  such  terms  as  righteousness,  justifica- 
tion, atonement,  &c.  This  arises  partly 
from  their  composite  signification,  con- 
sisting, as  they  do,  of  what  Locke  calls 
mixed  modes,  or  complex  ideas.  But 
it  is  still  further  aggravated  by  the 
novelty  of  meaning  which  is  included 
under  old  expressions.  Now,  it  was  to 
meet  this  difficulty,  in  the  transmission 
of  a  written  revelation,  that  it  was 
wisely  ordered  that  the  very  same  terms 
which  are  employed  in  the  New  Tes- 
tament to  express  it^  peculiar  doctrines, 
should  have  been  translated  from  He- 
brew into  Greek  by  Hellenistic  Jews, 
long  before  the  Christian  era,  and  should 
then  be  adopted  by  Christ,  his  Evan- 
gelists and  Apostles,  to  ratify  their  own 
credentials. 

Let  us  imagine  the  absence  of  the 
Septuagint — that  the  New  Testament 
had  been  based  in  its  style  and  phrase- 
ology immediately  upon  the  Hebrew 
of  the  Old,  without  any  intermediate 
interpretation.  This  kmd  of  Greek 
would  have  appeared  like  a  broken 
jargon — a  Babylonish  dialect.  It  would 
have  been  "  darkness  visible.**  Yet  a 
far  more  serious  difficulty  would  have 
followed.  The  Scribes  and  Pharisees, 
the  doctors  and  teachers  of  the  law, 
would  have  protested  against  this  novel 
and  unheard-of  interpretation  of  He- 
brew words.  This  difficulty  would 
have  been  felt  as  almost  insurmount- 
able ;  for  who  could  be  supposed  such 
)j;(K>d  judges,  it  would  have  been  said, 
of  the  meaning  of  Hebrew  terms  as 
Jews,  who  were  constantly  and  officially 
engaged  in  their  study  ? 

The  wisdom  of  Divine  Providence 
anticipated  the  difficulty,  and  provided 
the  remedy.  By  scattering  the  Jews 
far  and  wide  amongst  the  Gentiles, 
whbse  common  medium  of  commercial 
intercourse  in  the  East  was  in  Greek, 
more  or  less  tainted  with  their  native 
dialects,  it  brought  about  amongst  them 


that  peculiar  phraseology,  which  we 
term  the  Hellenistic  dialect,  and  which 
is  so  well  adapted  to  convey  the  exact 
import  of  the  Hebrew  original.  It 
thus  not  only  rendered  the  preaching 
and  doctrines  of  the  apostles  univer- 
sally intelligible  throughout  Greece 
and  Asia  Minor,  and  the  shores  of  the 
Mediterranean,  and  thus  contributed 
to  the  rapid  spread  of  Christianity  on 
lis  first  publication ;  but  it  has  autnen- 
ticated  its  claims  as  a  genuine  docu- 
ment, written  by  Hellenistic  Jews,  and 
written  in  that  age  and  country  to 
which  alone  it  can  be  satisfactorily 
ascribed. 

We  should  really  apologise  for  these 
self-evident  observations,  if  the  preju- 
dices of  Protestants,  and  the  opposition 
of  classical  purists,  had  not,  in  a  great 
measure,  blinded  our  scholars  and 
divines  to  the  real  character  and  claims 
of  the  Septuagint  version.  Instead  of 
hailing  with  gratitude  this  great  me- 
dium of  intercourse  between  the  Old 
and  New  Testament,  it  has  been  the 
business  and  delight  of  many  to  mag- 
nify the  discrepancies  which  exist  be- 
tween the  version  and  the  original,  and 
to  represent  the  study  of  the  LXX. 
as  derogatory  to  the  dignity  of  the 
Hebrew  text.  Others  have  affi^cted 
to  smile  at  the  improprieties  of  its  dic- 
tion, and  to  tremble  at  the  solecisms  of 
its  expressions.  Like  Bembo,  afraid 
of  corrupting  the  purity  of  his  Latinity 
by  the  study  of  the  Vulgate,  they  forego 
the  knowledge  and  delight  of  compa- 
ring the  Hellenistic  with  the  Hebrew, 
lest  it  should  taint  their  Attic  purity, 
or  spoil  their  immaculate  iambics. 

It  might  have  been  supposed  that 
the  sanction  of  the  New  Testament, 
the  overwhelming  majority  of  its  Sep- 
tuagintal  quotations,  and  the  continu- 
ous incorporation  of  its  words  and 
idioms,  would  have  prevented,  or  si- 
lenced, such  perilous  and  unreasonable 
prejudices.  But  the  fact  remains  in- 
dubitable and  uncontradicted,  that  the 
study  of  the  Septuagint  does  not  engage 
the  attention  of  our  schools  or  colleges. 
The  late  eminent  Dr.  Arnold  intro- 
duced it  amongst  the  seniors  at  Rugby, 
but  it  has  been  since  withdrawn.  So 
little  care  and  attention  have  been  paid 
to  bringing  out  a  pure  and  uninterpo- 
lated  edition  of  the  LXX.  that  no  such 
edition  has  appeared  since  the  days  of 
Bishop  Pearson.     There  is,  we  repeat, 


150 


The  Septuagint 


[Feb. 


no  recent  edition,  except  Bagster*8 
Polyglot,  that  has  not  incorporated  the 
large  mass  of  apocryphal  matter  in  the 
book  of  Esther,  which  is  found  in  an 
English  Bible  under  the  name  of  "  The 
rest  of  Esther." 

It  is  the  misfortune  of  the  Septua- 
gint, that  its  MSS.  from  the  earliest 
ages  of  Christianity,  if  not  before  the 
Christian  era,  should  have  been  con- 
taminated with  those  apocryphal  addi- 
tions and  intcrpolaticms  which  con- 
tinue to  deform  its  pa£res.  It  was 
this  mixture  of  base  alloy  with  the 
pure  Word  of  God,  which  led  so  many 
of  the  ancient  Fathers  into  loose  and 
indistinct  notions  respecting  the  scrip- 
tural canon.  Theauthority of  theLXX. 
was  so  great  in  the  Primitive  Church, 
that  its  admixture  of  the  Word  of 
God  with  the  word  of  man  lent  an 
authority  to  writings,  which  they  could 
never  otherwise  have  attained.  The 
Church  of  Home  and  the  Eastern 
Church  encouraged "  this  love  of  the 
R[>ocryphal  booKs,  as  favourable  to 
many  of  their  errors  and  superstitions. 
Hence  it  wa8,that  the  Septuagint  Daniel 
was  expelled  to  admit  that  of  Theo- 
dotion.  But  when  the  light  of  the 
Reformation  had  dispelled  this  igno- 
rance, an  undue  prejudice  remained 
in  the  eyes  of  Protestants  against  the 
Septuagint,  as  if  it  had  really  contained 
these  apocryphal  writings,  and  as  if 
they  had  originally  formed  part  of 
the  Greek  Old  Testament.  This  pre- 
judice was  still  further  aggravated  by 
the  absurd  attempt  of  the  Romanists 
to  exalt  its  value  by  a  depreciation  of 
the  Hebrew  original.  Hence  the  Pro- 
testants turned  into  the  opposite  ex- 
treme, and  strove  to  disparage  the 
version.  It  remains  for  the  good  sense 
and  discretion  of  the  present  age  to 
mediate  between  these  opposit«s,  and 
to  |)lace  the  original  and  version  in 
their  proper  and  relative  attitude. 
But  this  can  never  be  accomplished, 
till  we  rid  the  Septuagint  of  its  inter- 
polations, anil  reduce  it  strictly  to  its 
original  dimensions,  by  brinm'ng  it 
into  correspondence  witli  the  Hebrew 
text. 

As  it  is  the  first  duty  of  every  editor 
to  secure  a  pure  and  unadulterated 
text,  had  the  editors  of  the  LXX. 
acted  as  sound  and  judicious  critics, 
they  would  at  once  have  exi)elUMl  all 
extraneous  matter   not    belonging  to 


the  version,  whether  incorporated 
with  the  text,  or  interspersed  as  dis* 
tinct  compilations.  The  title  should 
have  reminded  them  of  their  duty,  *H 
DAAAIA  AIAeHKH  KATA  TOYS 
*EBAOMHKONTA.  The  text  could 
comprehend  neither  more  or  less  than 
the  Old  Testament.  The  books  were 
to  follow  in  the  same  order  as  the 
Hebrew  original.  But,  instead  of 
adopting  this  plain  and  self-evident 
course,  they  became  servile  co{)yists 
of  all  the  errors  and  interpolations  of 
their  MSS.  This  is  just  as  absurd  as 
if  the  editors  of  the  New  Testament 
had  added  the  euistle  of  Clemens  Ro- 
man us,  because  it  is  oflen  appended  to 
the  New  Testament  MSS.  Some  ajK)- 
logy  may  be  found  for  the  traditions 
of  the  Greek  and  Romish  Churches, 
but  it  cannot  extend  to  Protestant 
editions  of  the  LXX.  Much  less  can 
it  be  offered  on  behalf  of  English  Uni- 
versities or  of  religious  societies  iden- 
tified with  the  English  Church.  We 
have  the  canon  of  Scripture  distinctly 
laid  down  in  our  Articles,  and  exhi- 
bited in  an  authorised  English  Bible. 
It  is  not  an  open  question,  whether 
we  may  follow  that  prescribed  by  our 
Reformers  or  select  those  of  the  Eastern 
or  Western  Church.  As  members  of 
the  Church  of  England,  we  are  bound 
to  conform  to  the  canon  of  Scripture 
laid  down  in  the  Sixth  Article.  The 
traditions  of  Greece  or  Rome  cannot 
absolve  us  from  our  prescribed  duty. 

It  would  be  difiicult,  if  not  imi>os- 
sible,  to  ascertain  the  exact  period 
when  these  additionals  to  Esther  were 
incorporated  with  the  LXX.  version, 
or  to  discover  the  source  from  whence 
they  are  derived.  Certain  it  is,  they 
are  so  found  in  all  the  MSS.  collated 
by  Holmes  and  Parsons,  and  that 
Origen  found  them  in  his  MSS.  for  he 
has  distinguished  them  by  obeli  (-f-)  to 
point  out  their  apocryphal  character, 
lie  does  not  apjiear  to  have  inserted 
them  in  the  Hexapla.  The  corres(K)nd- 
ing  column  of  the  Hebrew  would  for- 
bid their  intro<luction.  They  existed 
in  the  old  Italic  version,  but  Jerome 
excluded  them  from  his  translation. 
The  Vulgate  exhibits  them  at  the  close 
of  Esther  and  Daniel.  It  is  only  jus- 
tice, however,  to  the  Romanists  to 
admit,  they  are  always  distinctly 
p>intcd  out  to  the  reader,  as  not  being 
in  the  original  text,  "  Non  est  in  lle^ 


1854.] 


of  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society* 


151 


brao^  &c.  But  no  such  cautions  are 
annexed  to  the  Alexandrian  MSS.,  at 
least  none  appear  in  their  printed 
editions.  The  sole  distinction  arises 
from  their  not  being  numbered  with 
the  rest  of  the  verses.  In  the  Frank- 
fort edit,  of  the  LXX.  1597,  we  have 
the  following  explicit  notice :  *'  In  h^ 
editione,  Romana,  aliis,  cum  scripture 
authentica  hujus  libri,  quam  prisca 
Judasorum  Ecclesia  coluit,  adjectiones 
apocryphse  simul  permistse  sunt.  Sed 
eas  diverso  charactere  jussimus    ex* 

Erimi,  ne  religiosee  mentes  fallantur 
4c  confusione  scriptorum  apocrypho- 
rum  cum  iis  quse  vere  atque  divinitiis 
sunt  in  auctoritate  canonis.  * — They  are 
strongly  denounced  by  Jerome  in  his 
Prologue  to  Esther. 

Fortunately  there  was  a  strong  bar- 
rier against  these  apocryphal  interpola- 
tions, whether  in  Esther  or  Daniel,  by 
the  periodical  publication  of  Polyglot 
bibles.  Neither  in  the  Complutensian, 
the  Antwerp,  the  Paris,  or  the  London 
Polyglot,  do  these  apocryphal  portions 
appear  in  the  text.  In  the  Complu- 
tensian, 1514,  immediately  before  the 
Adjectiones  is  a  note  commencing  thus : 
''  Quse  habentur  in  Uebrseo  plena  fide 
expressi,  hsec  autem  qusB  sequuntur," 
&c.  "Csetera  quae  sequuntur,**  says 
Lyra,  **  non  intendo  exponere,  quia 
non  in  Uebrseo  sunt,**  &c.  Scxtus  Se- 
nensis  agrees  with  Lyra.  They  are 
esteemed  apocryphal  by  many  eminent 
modern  Romish  divines.  See  Jahn*8 
**  Einleitung.**  In  the  Antwerp,  they 
are  entitled  Adjectiones  ad  JEst.  et 
Daniel^  as  they  appear  in  our  English 
bibles.  It  was  to  Luther  the  Pro- 
testants were  first  indebted  for  the 
separation  of  the  apocryphal  from  the 
canonical  books  of  the  Old  Testament, 
and  in  all  the  Protestant  versions  of 
the  Continent  the  same  order  is  ob- 
served as  in  our  English  bibles.  But 
this  change  did  not  extend  to  the  Pro- 
testant editions  of  the  LXX.  for  a  con- 
siderable time,  and  then  only  partially. 
In  the  LXX.  of  Cephalseus,  Argent. 
1526,  professing  to  follow  the  order  of 
Luther,  the  apocryphal  books  are 
printed  separately  for  the  first  time, 
but  the  Adjectiones  of  Esther  have 
continued  to  hold  their  place  to  the 
present  day,  except  in  a  very  few 
editions,  viz.  those  of  Daniel,  London, 
1653  ;  Pearson,  1658, 1665, 1685  ;  and 
the  Amst.  edit.  1683.     With  these  rare 


exceptions,  no  pure  and  uncontami- 
nated  edition  of  the  LXX.  has  been 
hitherto  published. 

We  are  irresistibly  led  by  this  re- 
mark to  advert  to  that  edition  of  the 
LXX.  which  appears  at  the  head  of 
this  article.  It  is  an  edition  printed 
at  the  expense  of  "The  Society  for 
Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,**  to 
supply  the  wants  of  the  clergy  in 
the  Greek  Church,  and  to  be  distri- 
buted amongst  them  gratuitously. 
The  design  was  praiseworthy,  noble, 
and  beneficent,  and  we  can  only  la- 
ment that  its  execution  should  have 
been  so  faulty  and  imperfect,  or,  as 
some  would  say,  so  mischievous  and 
hazardous. 

The  first  precaution  which  should 
have  been  adopted,  was  to  secure  a 
text  free  from  those  apocryphal  inter- 
polations, which,  from  the  earliest  ages, 
had  deformed  the  canon  of  the  Eastern 
Church.  For  this  end,  a  copy  of  the 
Moscow  edition,  which  "  The  Sacred 
Synod  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece**  pro- 
posed as  their  exemplar,  should  have 
been  transmitted  to  the  Board  in  Lon* 
don.  Those  important  violations  of 
our  own  Protestant  canon  of  Scrip- 
ture, which  we  shall  presently  notice, 
would  then  have  been  at  once  appa- 
rent, and  an  injunction  should  have 
been  laid  against  their  appearance  in 
the  forthcoming  edition  of  the  Chris- 
tian Knowledge  Society. 

Instead  of  this  safe  and  business-like 
method  of  dealing  with  the  unknown 
and  irresponsible  Synod  of  Attica,  it 
would  appear,  that  it  was  only  generally 
stated  that  the  apocryphal  books  should 
be  printed  apart,  at  the  end  of  the 
canonical;  but  no  care  was  taken  to 
exclude  the  apocryphal  matter,  which, 
from  time  immemorial,  had  been  in- 
corporated with  the  text  of  Esther  and 
Daniel.  Still,  as  this  edition  was  no 
less  than  seven  years  in  passing  through 
the  press,  ample  time  and  opportunity 
were  afforded  to  "  The  Committee  of 
Foreign  Translation,^*  for  correcting 
their  first  error,  by  noticing  these 
apocryphal  interpolations  as  they  pe- 
riodically appeared.  The  first  volume 
was  completed  in  1843,  the  second  in 
1846,  the  third  in  1849,  and  the  fourth, 
containing  distinct  apocryphal  books, 
in  1850.  As  it  was  in  the  second 
volume,  that  the  large  mass  of  apocry- 
phal matter  appears,  which  is  described 


152 


TTie  Septuagint 


[Feb. 


by  our  translators  "  The  rest  of  the 
chapters  of  the  Book  of  Esther,  which 
are  found  neither  in  the  Hebrew  nor 
in  the  Chaldee/*  no  less  than  three 
years  were  allowed  for  remonstrating 
with  the  Synod,  before  the  arrival  of 
the  concluding  volume.  It  does  not 
appear  that  any  such  remonstrance 
was  made,  and  the  Synod  went  forward 
without  any  rebuke. 

The  manner  in  which  these  apocry- 
phal additions  to  Esther  are  blended 
with  the  original   text  renders  them 

Peculiarly  dangerous  and  obnoxious, 
'he  first  chapter  begins  with  the  second 
verse  of  our  Apocrypha.  It  is  not 
distinguished  by  oheli^  as  in  Origen*s 
edition,  published  by  Ussher.  The 
next  portion  occurs  in  chap,  iii.,  com- 
mencmg  at  verse  13,  and  having  two 
canonical  verses  at  the  end.  Chap.  iv. 
consists  of  about  half  and  half.  Chap.  v. 
the  like.  Smaller  strips  are  inter- 
woven with  chap.  vi.  In  chap.  viii. 
we  have  that  long  concluding  portion, 
which  is  found  m  chap.  xvi.  in  our 
Apocrypha.  Chap.  x.  is  altogether 
apocryphal,  after  the  first  three  verses. 
— It  thus  becomes  very  difficult  to  dis- 
criminate between  the  canonical  and 
uncanonical  divisions.  Such  is  the 
style  of  all  the  editions  of  Esther  which 
have  appeared  in  England  or  the  con- 
tinent, for  the  last  200  years. 

Yet,  whilst  these  interpolations  of 
Esther  are  uniformly  the  same,  they 
differ  much  in  the  Book  of  Daniel. 
Thus,  in  some  editions,  "  Susanna " 
begins,  and  "Bel  and  the  Dragon" 
conclude;  in  others,  they  form  two 
distinct  chapters,  and  thus  increase  the 
chapters  from  xii.  to  xiv.  So  "  The 
Song  of  the  Three  Children"  and  "  The 
Prayer  of  Azarias  "  are  sometimes  in- 
corporated with  Daniel,  and  in  others 
found  apart.  This  shifting  plainly  dis- 
covers their  uncanonical  origin,  and 
that  they  were  transferred  from  place 
to  place  at  the  caprice  of  the  copyists. 
At  the  end  of  the  Psalms,  vol.  iii. 
pp.  1051 — 1064,  is  introduced  a  large 
body  of  supplement,  consisting  of  four- 
teen prayers  and  hymns.  The  first 
seven  are  portions  of  the  canonical 
books,  such  as  The  Song  of  Moses, 
The  Prayer  of  Hannah,  of  Esaias,  of 
Jonah,  &c. ;   but  at  No.  8  they  de- 


viate into  confessed  apocrypha.  We 
have  "  The  Prayer  of  Manasses,"  of 
Azarias,  and  of  the  Three  Children. 
We  next  arrive  at  hymns  and  prayers, 
selected  from  the  New  Testament.  The 
first  is  the  Magnificat^  headed  with  the 
ominous  title  nPOSEYXH  Mapias  ttjs 
deoTOKov*  Next  follow  those  of  Si- 
meon and  Zacharias.  The  whole  con- 
cludes with  the  'YMNOS  €ai6iv6s,  which 
is  partly  incorporated  with  our  sacra- 
mental service.  These  interpolations, 
as  Grabe  has  observed,  arose  from  the 
custom  of  certain  colleges  in  Egypt  to 
sing  and  chaunt  these  hymns  and  psalms 
in  their  public  worship,  whence  they 
were  transferred  into  tne  Alexandrian 
MSS.  of  the  LXX.  The  ignorance 
of  former  ages  may  have  pleaded  as  an 
apology  for  their  being  thrust  into  the 
sacred  canon ;  but  such  ignorance,  it 
is  hoped,  can  now  no  longer  be  pleaded, 
even  by  the  "Sacred  Synod"  of  Athens. 
At  any  rate,  it  forms  no  plea  for  their 
being  printed  and  published  with  the 
sanction  of  the  Church  of  England. 

As  to  the  objectionable  title  before 
the  Magnificat^  it  is  only  the  ordinary 
language  of  the  Greek  Church  in  their 
addresses  to  the  Virgin,  which  are 
quite  as  frequent  and  unscriptural  as 
in  the  Church  of  Rome.  Whoever 
will  look  into  "  Smith's  Account  of  the 
Greek  Church,"  will  be  at  no  loss  to 
discover  the  same  language  in  their 
public  and  private  devotions.  We  se- 
lect the  following  out  of  many : — "  In 
Thee,  O  Mother  of  God  (OfoTOKt), 
have  I  put  all  my  trust.  Save  me  by 
Thy  intercession,  and  grant  nie  pardon 
of  my  sins."  P.  233.  "  O,  blessed 
Mother  of  God  (BforoKc),  open  to  us 
the  gate  of  Thy  mercy.  Let  not  us, 
who  nope  in  Thee,  err ;  but  let  us  be 
delivered  from  all  dangers  by  Thee, 
for  Thou  art  the  safety  of  all  Chris- 
tians."— Ibid, 

Again,  we  must  remonstr.ite  with 
"  The  Committee  of  Foreign  Transla- 
tion," for  allowing  this  extraneous  and 
uncanonical  matter  to  be  inserted  in 
any  edition  of  the  Greek  Bible  pub- 
lished under  their  auspices,  and  pro- 
vided at  the  expense  of  the  Society *8 
funds.  It  is  in  vain  to  urge  they  ap- 
pear in  Grabe,  they  arc  found  m  all 
the  MSS.  of  the  Eastern  Church,  they 


*  In  the  Aldiue  edit.  1518,  this  title  stands  thus : — Auf(ai£  ayvjjs  firjrpof  naftOtuov 

KOplJf. 

5 


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of  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society • 


153 


may  be  traced  to  the  age  of  Origen, 
&c.  The  question  is,  are  they  really 
belon^ng^to  the  Septuaffint  version  of 
the  Old  Testament  r  Have  they  any 
Hebrew,  or  Chaldee  authority  ? 

But  we  are  unwillingly  obliged  to 
notice  still  more  important  deviations 
from  our  Protestant  canon.  We  are 
shocked  to  find,  that  the  first  chapter 
and  first  vision  of  Daniel  consists  of 
the  apocryphal,  and  not  very  edifying, 
book  of  **  Susanna  and  the  Elders ;" 
whilst  the  last  chapter  and  the  twelfth 
vision  is  no  other  than  what  Cranmer 
styled  "The  fable  of  Bel  and  the 
Dragon."  And  this  is  the  end  of 
Daniel  the  Prophet ! 

TEA02  AANIHA  nP04»HT0Y. 

Now,  when  it  is  remembered  that  the 
Greek  Church  venerates  the  Septuagint 
as  authentic,  and  regards  the  Alex- 
andrian version  as  equivalent  to  the 
original,  we  are  sure  we  speak  the 
language  of  every  sincere  Protestant, 
that  these  are  great  and  grievous 
offences  against  our  biblical  canon. 
It  is  but  a  few  years  since  tlie  Athe- 
nian Oiconomos,  the  most  celebrated 
of  their  modern  divines,  composed  an 
elaborate  work  in  four  volumes  to 
establish  the  inspiration  of  the  LXX. ; 
whilst  the  "Sacred  Synod"  in  their 
preface  to  this  edition  congratulates 
the  reader  on  the  possession  of  the 
genuine  and  unadulterated  Divine 
Oracles, — leai  c^ftf  ?5»;,  J  (f)ik6d€€,  to. 
6tla  ravra  Xoyta  yvr](Tid  re  Koi  aKi^drjXa, 

It  is  curious  and  remarkable  that 
Origen  should  have  disclaimed  the 
History  of  Susanna  almost  in  the  oppo- 
site language  of  these  Athenian  editors. 
He  calls  it  Ki^drjXou  tov  /9i/9XioO  fiepos, 
a  si)urious  part  of  Daniel.  (Epist.  ad 
African.  See  also  Grabc,  De  Vitiis 
LXX.)  The  offence  here  committed 
is,  therefore,  very  different,  and  of  a 
much  higher  order  from  that  which  con- 
cerns any  modern  continental  version. 

Even  amongst  those,  who  refuse  to 
concede  direct  inspiration  to  the  ver- 
sion of  the  LXX.  there  are  few  who 
cannot  regard  with  signal  reverence 
the  book,  which  has  been  so  frequently 
quoted  by  Christ  and  the  Apostles — 
the  book,  which,  like  the  star  of  the 
East,  conducted  the  Gentiles  into  the 
church,  and  which,  during  the  first  four 
hundred  years  of  the  Christian  era, 
constituted  the  only  text  of  the  Old 

Cteht.  Maq.  Vol.  ^&LL 


Testament  that  was  accessible  to  be- 
lievers. It  was  from  the  LXX.  that 
all  the  Fathers,  with  the  exception  of 
Origen,  drew  their  knowledge  of  Moses 
and  the  Prophets,  till  the  time  of 
Jerome.  Such  a  book  demands,  not 
only  our  reverence  and  esteem,  but 
our  labour  and  study  to  preserve  it  in 
all  integrity.  It  is  the  same  insult 
to  add  "Susanna,"  or  "Bel  and  the 
Dragon,"  to  the  Greek  of  Daniel,  as  it 
would  be  to  print  some  fictitious  rabbi- 
nical story  in  the  Hebrew  canon.  It 
is  derogatory  to  the  character  of  our 
Universities,  that  they  should  have  so 
long  intermingled  the  apocryphal,  with 
the  canonical  parts  of  Esther.  Such 
an  edition  (1848)  has  been  recently 
published  at  the  Clarendon  Press.  But 
it  is  still  more  painful  to  reflect, 
that  the  book  which  employed  the 
learning  of  Mede,  which  exercised  the 
genius  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton  and  the 
good  sense  of  his  episcopal  namesake, 
which  forms  the  basis  of  prophetic 
hope,  of  millennial  expectation, — that 
this  book  should  have  been  printed 
and  published  at  the  expense  of  "  The 
Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Know- 
ledge,* with  the  head  of  "  SUsanna," 
and  the  tail  of  "  the  Dragon." 

The  best  atonement  which  the 
Society  can  now  offer  for  this  unfor- 
tunate transaction  is  to  publish  forth- 
with a  pure  and  portable  edition  of 
the  Alexandrian  text  of  the  LXX. 
and  to  substitute  it,  as  far  as  possible, 
in  the  place  of  this  corrupt  edition. 
We  think  also  that  some  explanation 
should  be  given  of  the  dubious  con- 
duct of  their  correspondents  at  Athens. 
It  could  scarcely  have  been  expected, 
that  the  ancient  "  Graecia  mendax" 
should  have  found  such  legitimate 
descendants  amongst  the  members  of 
"  the  Sacred  Synod  of  the  kingdom  of 
Greece."  But  we  trust  it  will  teach 
those  zealous  Anglo- Catholics  amongst 
us,  who  are  so  ardently  desirous  of  an 
ecclesiastical  concordat  with  the  East, 
that  it  is  just  as  hopeless  to  look  for 
an  agreement  of  the  Church  of  England 
with  the  Greek  Church  as  with  that  of 
Rome.  These  two  churches  may  pos- 
sibly hereafter  shake  hands  together ; 
they  may  cease  to  dispute  about  the 
^^fUioque;*^  they  will  never  frater- 
nize with  the  Church  of  England  or 
with  any  other  branch  of  the  Protestant 
family. 

X 


154 


The  S^tuagint 


[Feb. 


Whilst  we  entirely  acquit  the  Chris- 
tlAii  Kiiowledge  Sbdety  of  any  in- 
lentioh  of  favouring  the  unauthorised 
protest  which  was  receritly  signed  by 
some  leading  members  of  the  Puseylte 
ttartjr,  we  cannot  shut  our  eyes  to  the 
inevitable  ihfluence  which  this  canoni- 
cal blunder  must  produce  on  the  ques- 
tion, as  relative  to  our  Protestant 
Bishop  at  Jerusalem.  The  circulation  of 
more  than  two  thousand  copies  of  this 
interpolated  edition  of  the  Old  Tcsta- 
inent  amongst  the  Eastern  clergy,  with 
the  cost  and  sanction  so  paraded  on 
the  title-page  and  eulogised  in  the 
pteface,  cannot  fail  to  weaKcn  the  arms 
of  Bishop  Gobat,  and  to  strengthen  his 
opponents,  whether  at  home  or  abroad. 
It  Will  be  naturally  thought,  that  the 
difference  of  canon  is  of  small  import- 
ance, when  the  funds  df  a  Society,  which 
numbers  the  entire  hierarchy  of  our 
Church  amongst  its  members,  can  thus 
expend  its  treasures  on  the  publication 
of  this  anti-Protestant  edition  of  the 
L^X.  Though  not  intended,  it  will 
have  all  the  effect  df  a  movement 
against  Bishop  Gobat  in  favour  of  the 
'fi'actarians.  We  think  it,  therefore, 
the  duty  of  the  members  and  the 
public  to  see  that  ample  reparation  be 
made  of  the  injury,  and  full  apology  be 
tendered  of  the  error.  No  private  cdn  - 
fession  can  suffice.  It  is  public  amend- 
ment which  must  rectify  the  wrong. 

Kot  is  this  inroad  on  our  canon  with- 
out peril  in  our  coritrovcrsied  with  the 
Papist.  It  will  not  be  long  before 
Cardinal  Wiseman  and  his  provincials 
find  out  the  blunder.  They  will  ex- 
clalrii,— "  The  Protestants  have  ceased 
to  tnaintain  the  contest  of  Luther  re- 
specting the  canon  of  Scripture.  They 
now  are  disposed  to  acknowledge  the 
danon  of  Komish  and  Greek  churches. 
*  The  Societv  for  Promoting  Christian 
Knowledge,  with  all  the  archbishops 
ftnd  bishops  of  the  Church  of  England, 
have  given  in  their  adhesion.  They 
r^ard  it  as  a  matter  of  Indifference, 
whether  the  book  of  Esther  contains 
the  additlonals  or  not,  whether  the 
blessed  Virgin  be  saluted  as  0€ot6kos, 
and  whether  'Susanna'  and  *  Bel  and 
the  Dragon'  be  admitted  to  form  parts 
of  Daniel  the  prophet." — Such  are  the 
sneers  and  reproaches  which  we  may 
expect  from  "The  Tablet,"  "The  Ram- 
bler," or  "The  Dublin  Review." 

Alas !  wc  also  tremble  to  reflect  upon 


its  wretched  effects  on  unbelievers, 
and  those  "  who  sit  in  the  seat  of  the 
scorner."  How  would  Toni  Paine,  or 
Carlisle,  have  rejoiced  to  witniess  this 
confusion  of  canonical  and  uncanonical 
scripture!  How  would  they  have 
triumphed  to  behold  the  funds  of  "  The 
Christian  Knowledge  Society"  expend- 
ed on  blfending  "Bel  ahd  theDr^on," 
with  the  visions  of  the  prophet,  "  the 
greatly  beloved !"  We  should  not  be 
thus  severe,  if  official  ignorance  could 
bfe  pleaded — but  it  Is  an  obstinate  per- 
sistance  in  detected  error.  More  than 
three  years  ago,  these  offences  against 
our  Protestant  cdnon  were  brought 
before  the  committee.  They  refused 
to  recal  their,  edition ; ,  they  refused  to 
cancel  the  objectionable  pages;  they 
turned  a  deaf  ear  to  the  idolatrous  as- 
cription to  the  Virgin.  They  now  assert, 
it  is  too  late  to  amend  these  errors ; 
that  two-thirds  of  the  copies  are  In  cir- 
culation in  the  East.— What  then  re- 
mains but  this  earhest  appeal  to  the 
public  ? 

The  Church  of  England  and  the 
cause  of  Protestants  stand  at  this  mo- 
ment in  the  most  critical  pdsltldh.  We 
are  menaced  with  Romanists  without, 
and  with  Romanists  within  oUr  walls. 
Thete  is  an  open  schism  amotigst  out 
bishops  and  our  clergy.  The  Primate 
has  been  teviled  and  denounced  as 
schisniatical.  The  Protestant  Bishop 
at  Jerusalem  has  been  attacked  as  a 
proselytinff  intruder  on  the  Greek 
Church.  It  is  at  this  critical  juncture 
this  corrupt  edition  of  the  Septuagint 
is  published  by  "  The  Christian  Kttbw- 
\cdse  Society,  to  illuminate  the  minds 
of  tile  clergy  at  Athens.  We  shall  find 
out  apology  in  the  danger  of  our  times, 
and  In  the  strength  of  oUr  cause.  We 
caniiot  cry  "ftace,  peace,"  in  the 
midst  of  Wars,  and  dangers,  and  cdm- 
motions.  We  cannot  adopt  the  lan- 
guage of  flatterers  and  fiuse  friends. 
We  have  is  much  Idve  for  "  The  Sd- 
clely,"  as  any  of  Its  methbers :  we  have 
worked  hard  and  long  to  farove  our 
attachment;  but  the  time  nas  come 
when  silence  would  be  consent,  and 
when  Consent  would  be  treason : — 
"  Faithful  are  the  wounds  of  a  friend ; 
but  the  kisses  of  an  enemy  are  deceit- 
ftil." 

Having  thus  discharged  a  very  pain- 
ful and  unpalatable  duty,  we  cannot 
coiiclade  tuid  article,  Irithoat  chdea- 


i«54.] 


of  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society. 


155 


youring  \o  renew  and  reinforce  our 
introdoctorj  arguments  for  a  more 
steady,  direct,  and  comprehensive  study 
of  the  Greejc  version  of  the  Old  Tes- 
tament. It  IS,  indeed,  almost  hopeless 
to  expect  success  in  a  cause  where 
Bis^op^earsbn  has  failed.  It  is  now 
almost  two  centuries  ago,  since  he  wro^e 
his  admirable  preface  to  the  Septuagint. 
Itiias  been  frequently  reprinted ;  but 
few  have  a^f^en^ed  to  its  monitions,  and 
none  have  copied  his  example. 

"We  repeat,  that  nothing  can  more 
fprcibjy  exhibit  our  neglect  and  in- 
attention to  the  Alexandrian  version 
of  t^e  Qld  Testament  than  the  fact, 
ti^at  so  late  as  1848  the  edition  of  the 
liXX.  at  the  Clarendon  press,  con- 
taine4  that  large  mass  of  interpolation 
which  is  to  be  found  in  our  English 
Apocrypha,  under  the  name  of  "  The 
Rest  of  Esther,"  &c.  Had  such  negli- 
gence been  shown  in  reprinting,  from 
time  ^o  time,  the  works  of  Homer, 
Virffil,  or  any  other  classic  author,  the 
w}iole  University  would  have  risen  up 
as  one  man  to  denounce  the  forgery. 
Some  Bentjey,  or  Porson,  or  Gaisford, 
would  have  indignantly  demanded  its 
instant  expulsion.  And  why  is  the 
venerable  version  of  the  LXX.  to  be 
treated  with  less  respect  than  the  works 
of  pagan  antiquity  ?  Why  is  it  that 
things  sacred  should  be  esteemed  of 
less  consequence  than  things  profane  ? 
True  it  is,  that  thi?  University  of 
Oxford  only  shares  this  blunder  in 
common  with  most,  if  not  all,  the  con- 
tinental editions  of  the  LXX. :  true  it 
is,  that  in  1822  a  similar  edition  was 
published  at  Glasgow,  Ex  Preh  Aca^ 
demico ;  true  it  is,  that  the  late  admi- 
rable edition  of  Tischendorf  (Lips. 
1850)  is  deformed  with  "The  Rest  of 
Esther"  in  the  text.  But  antiquity 
and  good  company  can  give  no  suffi- 
cient warrant  to  error  and  absurdity. 
It  now  remains  for  the  syndics  of  Cam- 
bridge and  the  curators  of  the  Claren- 
don to  hang  up  this  notice  in  their 
printing  office:  "N.B.  The  Additional 
of  Esther  are  henceforth  to  be  placed 
in  the  Apocrypha  of  all  our  editions  of 
the  LXX." 

Yet  this  purification  of  the  text  would 

f)rove  of  small  importance,  if  not  fol- 
owed  by  a  more  general  study  of  the 
entire  volume.  U  is  really  time  that 
the  advice  of  Bishop  Pearson  should  be 
carried  into  effi^t,  and  that  the  study 


of  the  LXX.  should  be  regarded  as 
essential  to  tlie  discipline  for  holy 
orders.  How  is  it  possible  to  under- 
stand the  Greek  of  the  New  Testament, 
witjiout  attending  to  that  of  t|ie  Qld  ? 
What  can  oe  more  irrational  than  to 
explain  ihe  phraseology  of  the  evan- 
gelists or  apostles,  by  phrases  picked 
from  Xenpphon  or  Herodotus  ?  Even 
when  the  words  are  the  same,  they 
have  generally  a  very  different  mean- 
ing, and,  after  all,  the  correspondence 
is  accidental.  But  in  the  LXX.  you 
have  ^he  same  words,  with  the  same 
peculiar  meaning.  The  subject-matter 
is  the  same — they  are  parts  of  the  same 
Bible. 

In  any  reforms  which  may  hereafter 
be  ihti-oduced  into  the  modes  of  study 
at  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  it  is  ear- 
nestly to  be  hopedj  that  ample  means 
should  be  provided  for  the  regular  and 
continuous  study  of  the  LXX.  as 
essential  to  university  honours,  and 
to  the  taking  of  any  academical  degree 
in  arts.  It  should  also  essentially 
enter  into  the  episcopal  examinations 
for  orders.'  It  is  the  easiest  and  most 
natural  of  all  subsequent  application 
to  the  Hebrew  original.  By  a  strange 
anomaly,  there  are,  in  some  colleges; 
prizes  and  scholarships  for  Hebrew ; 
there  are  none  for  the  knowledge  of 
the  LXX ! 

Now,  it  is  plain,  that  either  the  study 
of  the  Septuagintal  and  New  Testa- 
ment Greek  should  be  united  to  the 
existing  Professorships  of  Hebrew  and 
Greek,  or  that  some  distinct  professor- 
ship should  be  established.  We  are 
inclined  to  the  last,  as  a  better  division 
of  academical  labour.  There  is  ample 
scope  in  the  study  of  Septuagintal 
Greek,  as  connected  with  that  of  th6 
New  Testament,  for  the  labours  of  a 
distinct  professor.  His  lectures  should 
be  fret^uent,  and  open  to  all  the 
members  of  the  university.  In  the 
Annotations  of  Grotius  and  the  Pre- 
lections of  Valckenaer,  he  would  find 
inexhaustible  mines  of  Hellenistic  trea- 
sure. 

The  numberless  and  beautiful  cor- 
respondences between  the  Greek  of 
the  Old  and  New  Testament  would 
prove  highly  attractive,  and  tlius  the 
studies  of  sacred  philology  would  be 
leagued  to  those  of  divinity — nay,  even 
to  the  evidences  of  Divine  Revela- 
tion.   Instead  of  viewing  the  Greek  of 


156 


TThe  Septuagint 


[Feb. 


the  New  Testament  as  false  and  semi- 
barbarous,  the  young  student  would 
soon  form  a  taste  for  that  Hebrew- 
Greek,  which  has  been  consecrated  to 
the  service  of  theology.  He  would  soon 
acquire,  with  Valcknaer,  a  taste  for 
the  beauties  of  Hellenistic  phraseology, 
and  would  rank  the  eloquence  of  Paul 
as  piirallel  to  that  of  Demosthenes. 
It  IS  true  their  characteristics  are 
"magis  pares  (juam  similes;"  but  in 
awful  majesty  (fictj/tJr?;?)  the  speech  of 
Paul  at  Athens  is  equal  to  the  highest 
specimen  of  the  Grecian  orator,  whilst 
in  suavity  it  would  be  difficult  to  rival 
his  eulogies  of  charity. 

How  charming  is  Divine  philosophy ! 

Not  harsh  and  crabbed  as  dull  fools  suppose, 

Dut  musical.  Milton. 

Ill  regard  to  the  text  of  the  LXX.,  it 
seems  now  settled  by  general  consent 
that  the  Roman  is  to  be  preferred.  It 
is  generally  called  the  Vatican,  Ex- 
emplar  Vaticanum.  Yet  the  Sixtine 
Kdition  did  not  rigidly  adhere  to  that 
MS.  but  called  in  the  aid  of  others. 
Of  the  value  of  the  Com'plutensian 
little  is  known,  as  the  MSS.  which  it 
followed  have  long  since  perished. 
The  Aldine  was  compiled  from  a 
variety  of  ancient  MSS.;  it  differs  con- 
siderably from  the  Roman,  and  often 
approacnes  the  Complutensian.  The 
Alexandrine  MS.  diners  from  all  the 

E receding,  and  was  once  supposed  to 
ave  been  superior  to  the  rest ;  but  its 
estimation  has  considerably  fallen  since 
the  time  of  Grabe,  and  it  has  never 
been  reprinted  in  England. 

It  is,  however,  the  only  authorised 
text  of  the  Eastern  Church,  and,  tis 
such,  has  been  adopted  by  the  Sacred 
Synod  in  the  edition  brought  out  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Christian  Know- 
ledge Society.  The  Moscow  MS.  ap- 
pears to  differ  very  little  from  that 
which  the  patriarch  Cyril  presented  to 
Charles  the  First,  and  which  Grabe 
very  inaccurately  edited — of  which  Mr. 
Baber  has  given  an  entire  facsimile. 
It  would  be  verjr  desirable  that  neat 
and  portable  editions  of  this  text  should 
be  printed  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge, 
and  circulated  as  much  as  possible  in 
the  East.  The  text  should  be  pure 
and  unadulterated,  a  co[>y  of  what  the 
Alexandrine  translators  really  ex- 
ecuted. That  they  only  translated  the 
Canonical  books  of   the  Old  Testa- 


ment, and  that  the  Apocryphal  were 
subsequently  added  by  the  Hellenists, 
is  a  fact  which  no  one  can  doubt,  who 
confides  on  the  account  of  Josephus, 
or  who  trusts  to  the  authority  of 
Origen,  Jerome,  and  the  concurrent 
testimony  of  the  ancient  fathers.  A 
pure  edition  of  the  Septuagint,  there- 
fore, should  contain  no  Apocrypha,  any 
more  than  a  Hebrew  Bible;  at  the 
most,  it  can  be  regarded  only  as  an 
Appendix,  devoid  of  any  biblical  au- 
thority. We  cannot  admit  it  to  be 
named  Deidero- Canonical,  It  forms 
no  part  of  the  Old  or  New  Testament. 

But,  after  all,  it  is  probable  that  it 
must  be  left  to  the  Bible  Society  to 
carry  out  these  comprehensive  designs. 
Unfettered  by  ecclesiastical  etiquette, 
that  Society  will  seek  no  alliance  with 
the  "  Sacred  Synod  "  of  Attica.  With 
its  eagle-eye  fixed  on  the  East,  it  will 
send  numerous  copies  of  the  Alex- 
andrine text  of  the  LXX.  into  every 
part  of  Greece,  Asia  Minor,  Egypt,  and 
Palestine  for  the  use  of  the  Oriental 
clergy,  whilst  it  will  provide  the  laity 
with  cheap  and  portable  editions  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testament  in  the  spoken 
Romaic.  We  feel  convinced,  that  if 
the  LXX.  were  thus  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  Greeks  and  Jews  in  a 
readable  modern-Greek  version,  it 
would  produce  extraordinary  effects. 
None  of  the  modern  Jews,  except 
their  priests  and  rabbis,  can  read  the 
Hebrew  text ;  but  multitudes  amongst 
their  merchants  and  traders  would 
eagerly  devour  the  Old  Testament  in 
Romaic.  We  earnestly  advise  the 
Directors  of  the  Bible  Society  to  lose 
no  time  in  prosecuting  this  object — 
now  that  the  crisis  is  fast  approaching 
between  Russia  and  Turkey. 

Nor  can  we  conclude,  without  ex- 
pressing feelings  of  joy  and  triumph 
m  thus  anticipating  the  glorious  destiny 
of  that  version,  which  first  opened  the 
door  of  Christianity  to  the  Jew  and 
Greek,  again  renewing  its  pristine 
energies  by  carrying  the  tidings  of 
salvation  to  its  Eastern  cradle.  When 
the  New  Testament  adopted  the  lan- 
guage of  the  LXX.  it  gave  a  virtual 
pledtje,  that  the  promise  to  Abraham 
should  be  substantially  fulfilled  and 
maile  known  through  the  same  channel. 
It  is  by  the  Greek  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment th.at  the  tidings  of  the  Gospel 
will  hereafter  be  heai^  over  every  part 


1854.] 


of  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society. 


157 


of  the  East.  Let  them  at  jQrst  be  ex- 
hibited in  modern  Romaic  for  the  use 
of  the  laity,  they  will  soon  pass  into 
their  original  forms.  But  let  no  Apo- 
crypha be  mingled  with  the  text.  It 
were  an  insult  to  the  Jew,  to  present 
him  with  anything  not  contamed  in 
Moses  and  the  Prophets.  Even  the 
Mahometan  has  too  much  reverence 
for  the  Old  Testament  not  to  feel  in- 
dignant that  "  Susanna,**  or  "  Bel  and 
the  Dragon"  should  be  blended  with 
the  Bible.  Let  the  Septuagint  there- 
fore be  freed  from  all  such  base  inter- 
polations, and  it  will  once  more  recover 
its  primeval  rank  and  dignity.  No  man 
can  read  the  Septuagint,  without  at 
the  same  time  being  enabled  to  under- 
stand the  New  Testament.  The  Jew 
and  the  Greek  wpuld  be  insensibly 
led  from  the  one  to  the  other.  "  Many 
would  run  to  and  fro,  and  knowledge 
would  be  increased." 

We  have  established  a  Protestant 
Bishop  at  Jerusalem,  and  we  should  arm 
him  with  pure  and  Protestant  copies 
of  the  LaX.  It  is  not  by  insidious 
treaties  with  the  "  Sacred  Synod"  of 
Attica,  it  is  not  by  blending  apocry- 
phal with  canonical  Scriptures,  it  is 
not  by  salutinff  the  Virgin  as  "the 
Mother  of  God,'  that  we  can  hope  to 
erect  the  standard  of  the  Protestant 
Church  in  the  East.  We  must  hoist 
the  flag  of  our  own  Reformers.  We 
must  adhere  to  the  canon  of  our  Sixth 
Article.  We  must  have  "  the  Bible, 
the  whole  Bible,  and  nothing  but  the 
Bible,"  as  the  groundwork  of  our  re- 
ligion. The  superstitious  ceremonials 
o  ithe  Greek  Church  would  then  gra- 
dually pass  away.  A  simpler  and 
purer  form  of  worship  would  be 
adopted.  The  Greek  mind,  now  in 
chains,  would  then  gradually  be  eman- 
cipated from  priestcraft  and  idolatry. 
Till  this  is  in  some  measure  accom- 
plished, it  is  in  vain  to  look  for  the 
introduction  of  free  and  popular  insti- 
tutions. Either  the  Turk,  or  the  Rus- 
sian, must  dictate,  till  the  people  of 
Greece  can  be  brought  to  embrace  the 
freedom  and  independence  of  Protest- 
ants.   Magna  est  Veritas  et  prwixdehit. 

Since  the  above  article  was  written, 
a  printed  "  Statement"  has  been  issued 
by  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society, 
which  attempts,  not  to  invalidate  the 
facts  we  have  recorded,  but  to  apolo- 


gise for  the  Royal  Synod,  as  having 
committed  no  breach  of  trust.  It  re- 
presents these  gross  violations  of  our 
Protestant  canon  merely  as  "  an  over- 
sight," on  the  part  of  their  own  agent. 
We  here  insert  it  entire  : 

In  consequence  of  certain  communica- 
tions which  they  have  recently  received, 
in  reference  to  the  edition  of  the  Greek 
Septuagint  printed  by  the  Society  for  the 
use  of  the  Greek  Church,  the  Foreign 
Translation  Committee  beg  to  make  the 
following  statement  on  the  subject  to  the 
Standing  Committee : — 

It  was  determined  in  the  year  1841,  with 
the  sanction  of  his  Grace  the  President  of 
the  Society  and  the  approval  of  the  Board, 
to  undertake  this,  and  certain  other  pub- 
lications, for  the  benefit  of  the  Greek 
Church.  The  proposal  was  gratefully  re- 
ceived by  the  Royal  Synod  of  Attica ;  and 
the  Foreign  Translation  Committee  were 
informed,  in  reply  to  their  inquiries  on 
that  subject,  that  the  Moscow  edition  of 
the  Septuagint,  which  follows  the  Codex 
Alezandrinus,  was  the  one  in  common  use 
in  the  East,  and  might,  consequently,  be 
considered  as  exhibiting  the  authorised 
text  of  the  Greek  Church.  It  was  there- 
fore resolved  to  adopt  this  text,  and  to 
print  the  proposed  edition,  in  four  volumes 
8vo.  at  Athens.  The  Synod  of  Attica  ap- 
pointed a  committee  of  their  own  body  to 
superintend  the  work,  in  conjunction  with 
a  literary  gentleman,  long  resident  at 
Athens,  whom  the  Foreign  Translation 
Committee  engaged  to  employ  as  their 
agent  for  this  purpose.  It  was  resolved 
to  print  an  edition  of  3,000  copies,  vdth 
an  understanding  that  1,500  copies  of  each 
volume,  as  it  was  completed,  should  be 
placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Synod  for 
gratuitous  distribution  among  the  Greek 
clergy  ;  and  that,  with  the  exception  of 
about  250  copies  to  be  sent  to  London, 
the  rest  of  the  impression  should  be  de- 
posited with  the  Bishop  of  Gibraltar,  at 
Malta,  for  sale  or  distribution  in  Greece, 
or  in  other  parts  of  the  Levant,  as  oc- 
casions might  arise.  The  Synod  of  Attica 
made  no  difficulty  in  acceding  to  the  de- 
mand of  the  Foreign  Translation  Com- 
mittee, that  the  apocryphal  books,  which 
in  the  Moscow  edition  of  the  Septuagint 
are  mixed  up  with  the  canonical  Scrip- 
tures, should  in  this  edition  be  printed 
separately,  so  as  to  make  up  by  themselves 
the  whole  of  the  proposed  fourth  volume. 

In  1844-5  circumstances  unfortunately 
arose  which  prevented  the  agent  of  the 
Foreign  Translation  Committee  at  Athens 
from  giving  to  the  work  that  attention 
upon  which  they  had  relied.  In  conse- 
quence of  these  circumstances,  and  under 


158         The  Septuagint  of  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society.      [Feb. 


difficulties  which  arose  out  of  them,  after 
many  and  long  interruptions  in  the  wor)Cf 
another  gentleman  kindly  undertook  the 
labour  of  superintendence  on  behalf  of  the 
Society,  and  the  whole  edition  was  at  last 
completed  in  the  year  1851. 

In  the  mean  time,  however,  some  copies 
of  the  first  three  volumes  had  successively 
been  sent  to  London,  and  had  been  sup- 
plied to  such  members  of  the  Society  as 
applied  for  them;  and  towards  the  end  of 
the  year   1850,  the  Rev.  E.  W.  Grinfield 
drew  the  attention  of  the  Foreign  Transla- 
tion Committee  to  the  second  and  third 
volumes,  in  which  he  had  observed,  that 
the   apocryphal  portions   of   Esther  and 
Daniel  had  been  incorporated  with  the 
chapters  of  the  canonical  books ;  and  that 
certain  Church  hymns,  most  of  them  taken 
from  other  parts  of  Scripture,  but  some 
apocryphal,  were  appended  to  the  Psalms, 
and  the  whole  book,  with  this  appendix, 
called  **  i:he  Psalter  "  {^aKr^piov).  Upon 
receiving  this  communication,  the  Com- 
mittee instructed  the  Secretaries  to  examine 
the  whole  three  volumes  carefully,    and 
report  to  them  on  the  subject.     This  was 
accordingly  done ;  and  a  careful  analysis 
of  the  work,  as  far  as  it  was  then  com- 
pleted, was  entered  upon  the  minutes  of 
the  Committee,  under  date  of  December 
9,  1850.     From  this  analysis  it  appeared 
that,  in  this  edition,  the  apoqryphal  inter- 
polations were  easily  distinguished  from 
the  canonical  Scriptures;  as,  in  the  case 
of  the  Psalter,  the  additional  '*  hymns," 
as.  they  were  called,  which  follow  the  150th 
Psalm,  were  not  consecutively  numbered, 
as  if  they  formed   a  continuation  of  the 
same  book ;  and  where  these  interpolations 
occurred  in   the    Books  of    Esther  and 
Daniel,  they  either  were  not  divided  into 
verses  at  all,  or  were  versed  separately, 
and  independently  of  the  versing  of  the 
chapters  into  which  they  were  inserted. 
The  Committee,  moreover,  saw  no  reason 
to  charge  the    Greek   Synod    with   any 
breach  of  faith  in  this  matter ;  as  in  the 
I^oscow  edition,  which,  in  this  particular, 
follows  exactly  the  Alexandrian  MS.,  these 
interpolations  do  not  form  separate  and 
distinct  books.  They  rather  attributed  the 
oversight  to  the  want  of  proper  supervision 
op  the  part  of  their  own  agent,  under  the 
circumstances  to  which  they  have  already 
alluded. 

They  at  first  contemplated  cancelling 
the  objectionable  pages  ;  but  the  arrival  of 
the  fourth  volume  in  London  was  daily 
expected,  and  they  thought  it  prudent  to 
examine  that,  before  coming  to  a  final  de- 
cision on  the  subject.  Unfortunately, 
owing  to  an  accident  which  could  not  be 
foreseen  or  provided  against,  the  fourth 
volume  was  detained  on  its  way  for  some 


months,  and  did  not  come  to  hand  till  the 
vacation  of  1851.  It  was  found  to  contain 
all  ^he  separate  and  distinct  books,  alone, 
of  the  Apocrypha.  When  the  Committee 
met  to  consider  the  subject  again,  i(  ap- 
peared to  them  that  so  large  a  portion  of 
the  edition  had  been  already  distributed, 
that  no  cancels  could  tie  ojf  any  avail  to- 
wards the  correction  of  the  mistake',  thus 
inadvertently  made,  in  the  present  editiod ; 
and  they  came  to  the  resolution  that '  the 
best  thing  to  be  done,  under  the  drcum- 
stances,  was  to  advise  that  the  work  should 
not  be  placed  upon  the  Society's  Cata- 
logue. 

On  considering  the  above  8ta^me^t, 
the  Standing  Committee  had  recommended 
the  Foreign  Translation  Conimittee  to  un- 
dertake, immed!iaicly,  a  new  edition  of 
the  Septuagint,  to  be  printed  wa^ti  their 
own  superintendence  in  London,  and  to 
inform  the  Royal  Synod  6f  Attica  of  this 
undei'takiug,  and  the  causes  whibh  hive 
led  to  its  adoption. 

This  **  Statement "  is  by  no  means 
satisfactory,  and  it  employs  a  language 
about  the  introduction  of  apocryphal 
matter  into  the  text  of  the  Bible,  ^hicb 
must  alarm  all  considerate  Protestants, 
It  places  the  defence  of  canonical  from 
uncanonical  matter,  on  the  presence  or 
absence  of  verses,  or  what  is  called  the 
Stichomctnr.  If  so,  we  may  be  satisfied 
with  the  Vulgate,  or  with  any  of  the 
editions  of  the  LXX.  published  by  the 
Church  of  Rome,  so  far  as  relates  to 
Esther.  But  in  Daniel,  even  this  poor 
distinction  is  dropped  in  the  Society's 
Septuagint.  "  Susanna"  at  the  begm- 
ning,  and  "  Bel  and  tie  Dragon  a( 
the  close  of  Daniel  are  arranged  in 
verses.  It  is  true  the  versification 
begins  afresh  in  the  last,  but  it  forms 
the  twelfth  vision,  and  commences  in 
the  middle  of  a  line  I  Unlike  the  Vul- 
gate, there  is  no  caution  given  in  the 
margin. 

"The  Statement "  makes  no  allusion 
to  the  objectionable  title  bestowed  on 
the  Virgin — Ocort^xor.  This  silence 
may  be  prudent,  but  it  is  not  ingenuous. 

From  "The  Statement"  it  would 
appear  as  if  our  English  canon  was  not 
to  be  regarded  as  the  test  of  canonical 
integrity.  It  is  thought  sufficient,  that 
the  Moscow  edition,  or  the  Alexandrian 
MS.  should  warrant  these  interpola- 
tions. Such  were  the  views  of  "  The 
Foreign  Translation  Committee."  They 
received,  however,  a  pretty  strong  re- 
buke from  "  The  Standing  Committee," 


18«4.] 


Co^^re^pondence  of  Sylm'nus  Urban. 


159 


who  recomtxletided  that  a  new  editioh 
should  be  immediately  printed,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Society  at  honte, 
and  that  the  "  Sacred  Synod  "  should 
be  informed  of  the  cause  for  this  re- 
action. 

But  there  is  no  sufficient  security  in 
such  matters,  without  publicity.  We 
deem .  it  right,  therefore,  that .  these 
official  proceedings  should  be  laid  open 
to  public  view.  Nor  does  the  blame 
rest  exclusively  on  "  The  Society,"  or 
on  "  The  Sacred  Synod  of  Attica."  A 
large  portion  must  fall  on  our  learned 
universities,,  which,  for  the  last  200 
years,  have  disseminated  these  false  and 
uncanonical  editions  of  the  LXX. 

Not  only  hate  large  interpolations 
been  permitted  to  remain  in  the  text 
of  Esther,  but  neairly  the  whole  of  Je- 
remiah has  exhibited  a  mass  of  dislo- 
cation. Chapter  upon  chapter  has  fol- 
lowed in  Babylonish  disarray.  Instead 
of  bringing  the  version  to  correspond 
with  the  original,the  blunders  of  copy  ists 
have  been  propagated  from  generation 


to  getieritibn.  In  viiiti  have  Polyglots 
been  published  to  exhibit  the  natural 
and  necessary  order.  Ih  vain  has 
Bibhop  Pearson  plahhjed  put  a  correqt 
edition.  In  vain  has  the  Sixth  Article 
proclaimed  the  Protestant  canon,  and 
the  English  Bible  exhibited  the  He- 
braic sequence  of  chapter  and  verse. 
The  Syndics  of  Cambridge,  and  thfe 
Delegates  of  the  Clarendon,  and  the 
Curators  of  the  Glasgow  University 
Pl*ess,  have  combined  to  perbfetuate  this 
mass  of  scriptiirkl  confusion. 

We  shall  have  performed  an  accept- 
able behefit  to  the  biblical  3tudent, 
when  this  article  has  done  its .  duty, 
when  these  gross  anomalies  no  longer 
disgrace  our  editions  of  the  LXX. 
It  IS  the  cause  of  sound  criticism,  as 
well  as  of  Protestant  truth,  which  de- 
mands this  reform.  It  is  full  time,  that 
the  obeli  of  Origen,  and  the  stern  re«- 
monstrances  of  Jerome;  should  cast  out 
henceforth  and  for  ever  these  iifaScriJ)- 
tural  ihtrtisions— 

— *EkA2  'EKA2  E2TE  BEfetlAdl. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

King  James's  Irish  Army  List  in  1689-90— Theobgical  Papers  of  the  elder  William  Bowyer  the  PrinWr 

—On  the  Particle  uv  in  Herodotus. 

King  James's  Irish  Army  List  in  1689-90. 


Mn.  Urban, — I  am  in  poasession  of 
the  Army  List  of  King  James  II.  in  Ire- 
land in  1689-90.  The  manuscript  list 
extends  over  thirty-four  pages  octavo.  The 
two  first  are  filled  with  the  names  of  all  the 
Colonels ;  the  four  ensuing  are  rolls  of  the 
regiments  of  Horse ;  the  four  next,  of  the 
Dragoons ;  and  the  remaining  twenty-four 
record  the  Foot:  each  regiment  being 
arranged  with  the  Colonel,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  and  Major  at  head,  and  the  Cap- 
tains^  Lieutenants,  Cornets,  or  Ensigns, 
and  Quarter-masters,  in  columns,  on  each 
respectively. 

This  list,  comprising  as  it  does  scions 
of  most  of  the  aristocracy  of  Ireland  at 
that  day,  and  of  whose  representatives 
many,  in  this  transition  age,  have  passed, 
and  are  now  passing  to  foreign  lands,  should 
be  a  memorial  of  the  highest  ancestral  and 
national  interest ;  and  if  I  am  able,  and 
encouraged  adequately,  to  illustrate  the 
families  with  which  it  is  connected,  from 
the  extensive  manuscripts  I  have  gathei'ed 
in,  during  forty  years  of  my  life,  a  volume 
of  perhaps  8bO  pages  8vo.  may  (without 
book-making  effort)  be  legitimately  eom- 
piled— no  Uiiacceptlible  tadtiioridl  of  de- 


parted honours  and  achievements.  Tb 
every  regiment  1  propose  to  append  iio- 
tices,  historic  and  genealogical.  The  whole 
scope  of  these  illustrations,  the  timf,  labour, 
and  research  they  demand,  I  feel  it  due  tb 
the  cause  to  describe  in  detail. 

I  shall  furnish  such  notices  of  each  fa- 
mily, under  whomsoever  of  the  name  ranks 
highest  on  the  List.  The  Colonel  givies 
precedence  for  his  family  to  that  of  the 
Lieutenant-Colonel^  he  to  the  Major's^  and 
so  down  to  the  Ensi^n^s  and  Quarterinas- 
ter's ;  but  all  the  scattered  ofiicers  of  the  same 
name  will  be  collected  in  that  one  article. 

After  an  especial  and  full  notice  of  siich 
officer,  to  whom  the  family  article  is  ilt- 
tachedy  his  parentage,  individual  achieve- 
ments, descendants,  ^c.  each  illustration 
will  briefly  glance  at  the  genealogy  of  that 
family  ;  if  an  Irish  s^p^,  its  fmqient  locali- 
ties ;  if  an  English  or  Scotch,  the  county 
from  whence  it  branched,  and  the  period 
when  it  settled  in  Ireland. 

I  would  next  identify  each  family,  so 
illustrated,  with  its  attainders  and  forfei- 
tures in  1641 ; 

With  the  great  Assembly  of  Confederate 
Catholics  at  Kilkenny,  in  1646; 


160 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[Feb. 


With  the  persons  denounced  bj  name 
in  Cromwell's  Ordinance  of  1652,  '*for 
setlling  Ireland  ;*' 

With  the  declaration  of  royal  gratitude 
to  the  Irish  exiles  who  served  King  Charles 
the  Second  "  in  parts  beyond  the  seas," 
as  contained  in  the  Act  of  Explanation  of 
1665; 

With  (if  space  allowable)  those  advanced 
by  James  the  Second  to  civil  offices,  as 
Sheriffs,  &c.  or  members  of  his  new  Cor- 
porations ; 

With  those  who  represented  Irish  coun- 
ties or  boroughs  in  the  Parliament  of 
Dublin  in  1689  ; 

With  the  several  outlawries  and  confis- 
cations of  1691,  &c. ; 

With  the  claims  that  were  subsequently 
(in  1703)  preferred  as  charges  on  these 
forfeitures,  and  how  far  allowed  or  dis- 
missed ; 

And,  lastly,  as  far  as  attainable,  their 
achievements  in  the  glorious  engagements 
of  the  Spanish  and  French  brigades ;  all 
statements  throughout  being  verified  by 
authorities. 

Such  a  list  will  comprise,  in  truth,  scions 
of  the  whole  aristocracy  of  Ireland  at  the 
period  when  that  army  was  called  into  ser- 
vice, as  well  of  the  ancient  native  septs  as 
of  the  Anglo-Irish  settlers.     Upon  it  are 


O'Bryan 

0*Byme 

O'Cahan 

O'Callaghan 

O' Carroll 

O'Cavanagh 

0*Connell 

O'Conor 

O'Dea 

O'Dempsey 

O'Donellan 

O'Donelly 

O'Donnell 

O'Donoghue 

O' Donovan 

O'Doughertie 

O'Driscoll 

O'Dwyer 

O'Flahertie 

O'Gara 

O'Grady 

O'Hagan 


O'Hanlon 

O'Hara 

O'Hurley 

O'Keeffe 

O'Kelly 

O'Leary 

O'Lyne 

O'Mahony 

O' Meagher 

O'Meara 

O'Mulloy 

O'Neill 

O'Nolan 

O'Regan 

O'Reilly 

O'Riordan 

O'Rourke 

O'Ryan 

O'Shaughnessy 

O'Shea 

O'Sullivan 

O'Toole,  &c. 


These   generally    with   their    Milesian 
prefix,  sometimes  without  it. 


M'Cabe 

M*Gowran 

M*Carthy 

M'Guinness 

M'Cogblan 

M'Guire 

M'Dermott 

M*  Kennedy 

M'Donnell 

M*Mahon 

M'Donough 

M'Manus 

M'Geoghegan 

M^Namara 

M'Gettigan 

M*Sweeny,  &c. 

M'Gillicuddy 

Of  the  Anglo- 

Irish  appear  in  com  mis 

sion  : — 

Aylmer 

Keatinge 

Barnwell 

Lacy 

Barry 

Nagle 

Bellew 

Nangle 

Bermingham 

Netterville 

Burke 

Nugent 

Butler 

Plunkett 

Cheevers 

Power 

Cruise 

Preston 

Cusack 

Purcel 

D'Alton 

Redmond 

Daly 

Rice 

D'Arcy 

Roche 

Dillon 

Russell 

Dowdall 

Sarsfield 

Eustace 

Savage 

Everard 

Segrave 

Fagan 

Sheldon 

FitzGerald 

Synnott 

Fitz  Maurice 

Taaffe 

FitzPatrick 

Talbot 

Fleming 

Trant 

Grace 

Tyrrell 

Hamilton 

Wogan 

Cum  multit  a/iit. 

Already  have  I  compiled  and  arranged 
the  materials  for  illustrating  the  Eight 
Regiments  of  Horse  upon  this  roll,  viz. 
Tyrconnel's,  Galmoy's,  Sarsfield's,  Aber- 
corn's,  Henry  Luttrell^s,  Sutherland's, 
Parker's,  and  Purcel's  ;  also  those  for  the 
six  Regiments  of  Dragoons,  Lord  Don- 
gan's.  Sir  Neill  O'Neill's,  Lord  Clare's, 
Colonel  Simon  Luttrell's,  Colonel  Robert 
Clifford's,  and  Colonel  Francis  Carroll's. 

This  portion  of  the  work  (about  200 
pages)  is  open  to  inspection  or  inquiry ; 
and  I  do  solicit  such  literary  aid  as  the 
readers  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  can 
and  may  be  willing  to  afford  ;  while  I  in 
return  shall  be  desirous  to  answer  promptly 
any  inquiries  that  may  be  directed  to  me. 

John  D'Alton. 

48,  Summer  Hill^  Dublin, 


Theological  Papers  of  the  elder  William  Bowter,  the  Printer. 


Mr,  Urban, — In  Nichols's  Literary 
Anecdotes,  vol.  I.  p.  3,  it  is  stated  that 
the  elder  Mr.  William  Bowyer,  the  printer, 
was  bom  in  1663,  the  only  son  of  Mr. 
John  Bowyer,  who  died  shortly  after  his 
birth,  when  the  widow  and  child  were 
taken  by  her  only  brother,  William  King» 
6 


It  would  thus  be  pre- 
John   Bowyer  had  no 


to  his  own  home, 
sumed  that  Mr. 
other  child. 

But,  on  pemsing  the  History  of  Cleve- 
land, by  Mr.  John  Walker  Ord,  mention 
is  thus  made  of  a  very  curious  collection 
of  pi^en  found  by  that  gentleman  among 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


161 


the  title-deeds  of  aa  estate  in  the  parish  of 
Danby,  which  had  been  the  property  of 
Ann  Prudhome,  who  married  the  younger 
W.  Bowyer,  the  learned  printer,  and  which 
passed  by  the  will  of  his  son,  Mr.  T.  Bow- 
yer,  to  Mr.  Francis  Mewburn  of  Durham, 
and  is  now  the  property  of  his  son,  Francis 
Mewburn,  esq.  of  Darlington — 

"  That  the  elder  Mr.  William  Bowyer, 
the  printer,  was  a  man  of  considerable 
ability,  is  evident  from  the  controversial 
skill  displayed  in  a  theological  controversy 
with  his  sister,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  priest 
who  assisted  and  defended  her.^' 

The  originals  of  this  controversy  were, 
in  1845,  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Ord, 
who  thus  notices  them  in  his  History,  p. 
340. 

Attached  to  the  first  letter  to  his  sister, 
in  the  handwriting  of  his  grandson,  are 
these  memoranda :  — 

"  Papers  that  passed  between  W.  Bowyer, 
printer,  in  White  Friars,  Fleet- street, 
London,  and  his  sister,  who  died  a  pro- 
fessed nun  of  the  order  of  Poor  Clares,  at 
Dunkirk. 

''  Remain  in  the  hands  of  Tho.  Bowyer, 
grandson  of  the  above  W.  Bowyer. 

''1.  Small  box,  representing  the  history 
of  the  Prodigal. 

**2.  The  coat  of  arms,  and  the  crest 
thereto,  of  W.  Bowyer  and  the  Prudhome 
family. 

''3.  A  pocket-book  with  the  coat  of 
arms  of  the  Bowyer  family;  the  arms 
much  defaced  by  time. 

"  A  green  silk  purse  with  a  steel  spring, 
worked. 

*'  The  above  articles,  all  done  by  the  said 
nun,  and  presented  to  the  Bowyer  family; 
who  went  by  the  name  of  Elizabeth  Ross.*' 

Mr.  Ord  kindly  communicated  to  me 
^he    subject-matter  of  the  letters,  which 
are  dated  from  Oct.  1696  to  June,  1697, 
and  comprise — 

"  I.  W.  Bowyer' s  first  letter  to  his 
sister,  which  is  taken  up  chiefiy  with  a 
reply  to  certain  points  mooted  at  a  Con- 
ference which  had  taken  place,  wherein 
Mr.  Duncomb,  probably  a  Roman  Ca- 
tholic priest,  had  taken  up  the  cudgels  for 
Popery.     It  argues   the  main  errors   of 


Rome  —  infallibility,    transubstantiation, 
purgatory,  tradition,  &c. 

"  II.  A  reply  to  Letter  I.  ably  written  ; 
the  argument  conducted  with  great  care  by 
Mr.  Duncomb,  or  some  learned  friend,  and 
discharges  very  heavy  artillery  against  Mr. 
Bowyer. 

"III.  W.  Bowyer's  reply.  A  work  of 
immense  care  and  labour.  Part  of  this  is 
imperfect ;  the  leaves  were  all  thrown 
about  and  disarranged.  I  have  succeeded 
in  classifying  the  greater  part,  but  a  few 
leaves  at  the  conclusion  are  wanting,  and 
a  small  portion  is  injured.  The  whole  of 
the  MS.  which  treats  of  the  pretended 
lenity  of  the  Roman  Church,  and  transub- 
stantiation,  is  quite  perfect ;  also,  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  discussion  of  '  tradi- 
tion,' with  numerous  notes  and  headings." 

"  Some  brief,  powerful,  learned  letters, 
addressed  to  Mr.  Bowyer  ;  on  one  of 
them,  to  *  Mr.  Bowyer,  at  Mr.  Daniel 
Sheldon's,  in  St.  Bartholomew's  Close, 
near  West  Smithfield,  London,*  dated 
from  Jan.  to  June,  1697>  the  period  of 
this  controversy.  These  letters  are  written 
by  A.  Hodgson,  apptirently  a  clergyman." 

It  would  thus  appear  that  Mr.  John 
Bowyer  and  Mary  King,  noticed  in  the 
Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  I.  p.  3,  had  a 
daughter  as  well  as  their  only  son  William. 
This,  it  seems,  was  unknown  to  Mr.  Ni- 
chols, as  no  mention  is  made  of  her  in 
the  ••  Memoirs  of  Bowyer."  She  was  evi- 
dentlv  a  woman  of  considerable  mind,  but 
was  unfortunately  drawn  over  to  Popery — 
a  subject  much  in  discussion  at  the  close 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  died  a  poor 
nun  of  St.  Clare,  where  she  appears,  in 
Mr.  T.  Bowyer's  memoranda,  to  have 
been  known  by  the  name  of  Elizabeth  Ross. 
Is  it  usual  for  nuns  to  assume  a  different 
surname,  as  well  as  Christian  name,  on 
their  profession  ? 

Any  information  relative  to  this  lady, 
and  to  her  connexion  with  the  family  of 
Bowyer,  would  be  particularly  accept- 
able ;  as  I  entertain  serious  doubts  whether 
Mr.  Ord  may  not  have  been  mistaken  in 
supposing  the  nun  to  have  been  really  a 
sister-in^blood  of  W.  Bowyer. 

Yours,  &c.  J.  B.  N. 


On  the  particle  Zf  in  Herodotus. 


Mr.  Urban, — I  find  in  Herodotus 
the  particle  Jv  used  in  a  connection  in 
which,  so  far  as  I  can  see,  it  has  no 
force  whatever :  I  mean  in  the  case  of 
verbs  compounded  with  a  preposition  it  is 
inserted  between  the  preposition  and  the 
verb :  thus  an  cJv  tbovro.  ii.  39 ;  i^  a>u 
eTkoif.  ii.  40 ;  Kar*  mv  €/itaXv>^c.  ii.  47 ; 
cV  Jv  tTrKi)aav,  ii.  87 ;  Kar  (ov  tbr)aav, 
ii.   122;  av'  Jv  €<f)dinj.  iii.  82;  an   Jv 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLi. 


fKjjpv^u.  i.  194;  7r€p\  (Sv  t^aXc.  iv.  60; 
8i  <ov  €^6dpr]a-av,  vii.  10.  §5,  and  I 
believe  by  a  careful  perusal  of  the  work 
other  instances  might  be  found.  On  re- 
ferring to  Schweighseuser's  Lexicon  Hero- 
doteum  I  find  the  following.  •*  Prsesertim 
vero  in  verbis  compositis  amat  Herodotus 
mediam  inter  prsepositionem  et  simplex 
verbum  particulam  iSv  per  pleonusmum 
intersertum,"  and  he  then  cites  a  few  in- 

Y 


162 


Notei  of  the  Month, 


[Feb. 


•Uncei.  Now  this  throws  no  light  what- 
ever on  the  subject. 

I  should  baviB  supposed  that  Herodotus 
had  in  these  cases  used  the  particle  merel  j 
Tor  the  sake  of  euphony,  if  it  had  not  been 
for  one  consideration — that  in  all  the  in- 
stances I  have  adduced,  the  verb  to  which 
the  particle  is  attached  is  in  the  aorist, 
whilb  those  which  precede  and  follow  it 
Are  in  the  present  tense.  Thus  the  first 
passage  I  have  referred  to,  given  at  length, 
is  as  follows :  KedxAfj  bi  K€linj  rroKkh 
Kdraptja-dfifvoi  ffyepovci,  rdlai  fitv  hv  ^ 
iyopfj,  Kol  "EWrjv^s  fT(f)i  Zaxri  (niirjfiioi 
tunopoi,  ol  dc  (f)€povr(s  cr  rfiv  dyop^v 
aTT*  oJv  €dovro,  roitn  de  av  fir)  napiaai 
"fiXXi/i/cff,  oi  d*  €K  pdWovari  is  tov 
voTOfidif,  ii.  39. 

A  similar  peculiarity  is  observable  in 
i.  133,  where  the  particle  is  used  with  a 
simple  verb,  KarevxtTai  —  tSijKe  av  — 
iira€l^€Lf  and  f^om  this  I  am  led  to  infer 
there  may  be  something  more  in  the 
matter  than  mere  sound. 


In  iii.  138,  the  particle  is  used  in  this 
way  with  a  verb  in  the  imperfect,  which 
is  followed  and  preceded  by  verbs  in  the 
imperfect,  fVeXiPve  —  ovk  dv  tfntiBov — 
dbvvarot  IjaaUj  which  is  the  only  exception 
to  the  peculiarity  I  have  mentioned  that  I 
have  been  able  to  find  in  Herodotus.  In 
the  Ranse  of  Aristophanes  we  have  the 
particle  interposed  in  a  similar  manner, 
icar*  <Ji/  tfiaXtv,  Ran.  1048.  Perhaps, 
through  the  medium  of  your  pages,  similar 
instances  from  other  writers  may  be  brought 
together,  or  some  suggestion  made  as  to  the 
force  of  ^the  particle.  The  work  of  He- 
rodotus being  at  all  times  interesting,  has 
lately  gained  fresh  attractions  from  the 
discoveries  of  Mr.  Layard  and  Colonel 
Rawlinson,  and  the  minutest  peculiarity 
in  his  diction  seems  to  me  not  altogether 
unworthy  of  attention.  Hoping  you  will 
deem  this  a  sufficient  apology  for  my  in- 
truding on  your  valuable  columns,  I  re- 
main, Sir, 

Yours  obediently,        F.  J.  Vipan. 

10,  Orsett  Terrace,  Dee.  26. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

IU|)ection  by  the  British  Museum  bf  the  Faussett  Collection  of  Anglo-Saxon  Antiquitlea  and  of  the 
Larpent  Collection  of  Plays— Fonnatlon  of  the  Surrey  Archceological  Society,  and  of  an  Archaeo- 
logical Society  at  Bristol-  Incorporation  of  the  Wellington  College— Jenny  Lind^liool  at  Norwich 
—Refonnatory  Asylums  for  Criminals— The  Fereday  Fellowships  at  Oxford— Prize  Essays— English 
.  and  Foreign  Literary  Intelligence- Tlie  Book  Manufacturers  of  New  York— London  Booksellers — 
Biography  of  Lord  Plunket— Recent  Curiosities  of  Book  Auctions — Memorial  Window  at  Bury 
St.  Edmund's — Restoration  of  the  Churcli  of  Clyst  St.  Goorge,  co.  Devon. 


We  regret  to  have  to  state  that  the 
Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  have 
come  to  a  final  determination  to  reject  the 
purchase  of  the  Famseit  collection  of 
Anglo-Saxon  Antiquities,  which  had  been 
oflfered  to  them  for  the  sum  of  700/.  and 
have  therebv  also  lost  the  contingent  offer 
of  Mr.  Wylie's  valuable  collection,  which 
would  hate  been  presented  to  the  nation 
gratuitously.  (See  our  Report  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute.)  It  is  really  dis- 
heartening when  we  reflect  on  the  tens  of 
thousands  which  have  been  expended  on 
all  sorts  of  exotic  monstrosities,  from 
Assyria  to  Owhyhee,  to  find  how  in- 
accessible a  set  of  men  in  regard  to  our 
native  archaeology  the  present  managers 
bf  our  National  Museum  inust  be.  In 
ttiis  respect  we  are  shamed  by  France,  by 
Denmark,  and  even  by  our  sister  island, 
Hibernia. 

The  same  body  have  also  recently 
lignalised  their  injudicious  economy  in  a 
literary  matter.  Many  hundred  Mann- 
script  Plai/8,  which  had  been  submitted 
to   the    Liceuscr  of    Dramatic  Compo- 


sitions between  the  years  1737  and  1824, 
had  been  preserved  by  the  late  Mr.  Lar- 
pent, and  sold  by  his  widow  for  180/. 
The  owner  offered  them  for  the  same  suorT 
to  the  British  Museum,  where  tliey  would 
have  formed  a  very  appropriate  sequel  to 
the  Garrick  Collection.  Trifling  as  was 
the  proposed  outlay,  the  Trustees  declined 
to  accept  them.  They  have  been  pur- 
chased by  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere,  and  will 
be  placed  in  the  library  of  his  mansion  in 
the  Green  Park. 

The  great  success  which  has  attended 
the  Sussex  Archaeological  Society,  has  en- 
couraged the  formation  of  a  similar  body 
in  the  adjoining  county  of  Surrey.  The 
objects  of  the  Surrey  ArckcBological  So- 
clety  are  stated  to  be,  to  collect  and  pub- 
lish historical  information  ;  to  watch  and 
preserve  antiquities  discovered  in  the  pro- 
gress of  public  or  other  works ;  to  pro- 
mote and  encourage  researches  and  exca- 
vations ;  and  to  preserve  monuments  of 
every  description.  The  annual  subscrip- 
tion is  fixed  at  lOf^  and  the  principal  return 
in  contemplation  if  «i  annual  TolumOf  after 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


163 


the  model  of  that  of  the  Sussex  Society ; 
and|  should  that  proposition  be  carried  out 
with  equal  efficacy,  the  Association  will  be 
well  worthy  of  support.  The  Duke  of 
Norfolk  has  accepted  the  post  of  President, 
the  Earl  of  Lovelace  (Lord  Lieutenant  of 
the  County),  and  many  other  noblemen, 
are  nominated  Vice-Presidents ;  and  alto- 
gether 327  members  have  been  enrolled — 
of  whom  32  have  paid  a  composition  of  5/. 
each,  forming  a  capital  fund  of  160/.  The 
honorary  and  officiating  Secretary  is  George 
Bish  Webb,  esq.  46,  Addison  Road  North, 
Netting  Hill. 

We  are  also  informed  that  a  new  Ar- 
cheological  Society  is  under  progress  of 
formation  at  Brittoi—9.  city  which  affords 
one  of  the  best  fields  in  England  for  the 
exercise  of  such  industry  as  may  be  ex- 
pected from  a  body  of  zealous  antiquaries 
and  explorers.  The  Somersetshire  Ar- 
chaeological and  Natural  History  Society, 
though  a  watchful  and  an  able  body  on 
some  points  of  their  line  of  observation, 
is  not  strong  enough  to  cover,  vigilantly 
and  effectively,  every  object  of  historic  in- 
terest in  so  large  a  county. 

Her  Majesty  has  granted  a  Charter  of 
Incorporation  to  the  Wellington  College ^ 
established  as  a  Testimonial  to  the  late 
Duke  of  Wellington,  and  intended  for  the 
education  of  children  of  deceased  military 
officers.  The  following  are  named  in  the 
Charter  as  Governors  of  the  Colbge  : — 
His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert,  H.  R.  H. 
the  Duke  of  Cambridge,  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  the  Duke  of  Bucclench, 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  the  Duke 
of  Wellington,  the  Marquess  of  Lans- 
downe,  the  Marquess  of  Salisbury,  the 
Marquess  of  Anglesey,  the  Marquess  of 
Dalhousie,  the  Earl  of  Derby,  the  Earl  of 
Aberdeen,  the  Earl  of  Ellenborough,  the 
E^l  of  EUesmere,  Lord  John  Russell, 
Viscount  Hardinge,  Viscount  Gough,  the 
Bishop  of  London,  Lord  Seaton,  Lord 
Raglan,  the  Right  Hon.  Sidney  Herbert, 
Sir  James  Graham,  the  Right  Hon.  Spencer 
Horatio  Walpole,  Sir  Howard  Douglas, 
Sir  Edmund  Antrobus,  Sir  James  Weir 
Hogg,  Sir  Alexander  Woodford,  Henry 
Richard  Cox,  esq.,  Peter  Richard  Hoare, 
esq.,  and  the  Rev.  George  Robert  Gleig, 
Chaplain  General  of  the  Forces.  Pro- 
visions are  also  made  for  the  appointment 
of  other  Governors  as  they  become  ncces- 
sary. 

When  Madame  Goldschmidt  (then  Jenny 
Lind)  visited  Norwich  in  Jan.  1849  she, 
with  her  wonted  benevolence,  gave  her 
gratuitous  services  at  two  concerts,  for 
charitable  purposes,  in  St.  Andrew's  Hall. 
The  fame  of  the  great  vocalist  attracted 
numerous  audiences,  and  1200/.  remained, 
after  the  liquidation  of  all  expenses  attend- 


ing the  entertainments,  at  the  disposal  of 
the  committee  who  originated  them.  Con- 
siderable difference  of  opinion,  howeveri 
subsequently  prevailed  as  to  the  disposal 
of  this  fund,  some  contending  that  it 
should  be  devoted  to  the  establishment  of 
baths  and  washhouses,  and  others  advo- 
eating  the  erection  of  a  terrace  of  alms* 
houses.  The  controversy  was  at  last 
happily  set  at  rest  by  the  publication  of 
an  agreeable  paper  in  the  fifth  volume  of 
**  Household  Words,*'  entitled  '*  Drooping 
Buds,''  and  in  May  last  it  was  agreed  at 
a  public  meeting,  on  the  recommendation 
of  J.G.  Johnson,  esq.  to  found  an  Hospital 
for  Sick  Children,  between  the  ages  of  two 
and  ten  years.  For  this  purpose  the  com- 
mittee have  taken  a  large  house  in  Potter- 
gate -street,  formerly  the  residence  of  Mr. 
Henry  Willett,  which  they  have  fitted  up 
with  every  convenience,  and  they  have  also 
made  arrangements  with  the  Lying-in- 
Charity  for  the  occupation  of  a  part  of  the 
same  premises.  The  number  of  patients 
which  the  Institution  will  accommodate  is 
about  70.  The  occupation  of  the  In- 
firmary has  been  deferred  from  an  alarm 
suggested  by  two  of  the  medical  gentlemen 
of  the  city  that  the  assemblage  of  children 
labouring  under  infectious  or  contagious 
diseases  in  a  populous  neighbourhood  would 
be  dangerous  to  the  general  health  of  the 
city  ;  but  the  Committee  have  replied  that 
the  laws  provide  for  the  admission  of 
children  not  suffering  from  such  diseases, 
and  that  any  subsequently  so  affected  will 
be  placed  in  a  separate  department. 

The  inhabitants  of  Norwich  have  also 
recently  set  on  foot  a  Reformatory  Aiylum 
for  Criminals,  for  the  purpose  of  reclaiming 
discharged  prisoners  from  the  city  gaol, 
on  the  model  of  an  institution  now  in  opera- 
tion at  Buxton  in  the  same  county,  under 
the  guidance  of  Mr.  Wright. 

The  bequest  of  the  late  Dudley  Feredap, 
esq.  of  Ettingshall  Park,  Staff,  (see  our  vol. 
XXXIII.  p.  92),  having  been  refused  by 
Magdalene  College,  Oxford,  has  been 
settled  upon  St.  John^s  College,  by  Vice- 
Chancellor  Kindersley.  The  testator  left 
20,000/.  to  four  trustees  to  found  fellow- 
ships in  Magdalene  College,  and,  if  refused, 
to  any  other  college  in  Oxford;  in  the 
choice  of  fellows  the  next  of  kin  of  the  tes^ 
tator  and  natives  of  the  county  of  Stafford 
to  be  preferred.  Magdalene  College  twice 
refused  to  take  the  money  on  those  terms, 
both  before  and  after  the  Master  in  Chan- 
cery had  settled  the  scheme  upon  which 
the  fund  was  to  be  administered.  We 
presume  this  refusal  is  connected  with  the 
present  opposition  of  sentiment  to  colle- 
giate foundations  limited  by  preferences  ; 
but  it  is  obvious  that,  without  some  such 
privileges  of  future  direction  being  per* 


164 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


[Feb. 


mitted  to  benefactors, — and  not  only  per- 
mitted, but  honestly  observed,  all  such 
bequests  are  likely  to  cease  altogether. 

At  Cambridge  the  Huhean  prize  (100/.) 
for  the  best  dissertation  on  "  The  Position 
and  History  of  the  Christian  Bishops,  and 
especially  of  the  Bishop  of  Rome,  during 
the  first  three  centuries,''  has  been  ad- 
judged to  the  Rev.  6.  M.  Gorham,  B.A. 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College. 

In  pursuance  of  the  bequest  of  the  late 
Dr.  Swiney,  on  the  10th  Jan.,  at  a  joint 
meeting  of  the  members  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  the 
Swiney  prize  (of  100/.  contained  in  a 
silver  goblet  of  the  same  value,)  for  the  best 
treatise  on  jurisprudence  relating  to  Arts 
and  Sciences,  was  adjudged  to  the  work 
entitled  The  Commercial  Law  of  the 
World,  by  Mr.  Leone  Levi.  The  Swiney 
lectures  on  Geology  are  now  in  the  course 
of  delivery  by  Dr.  Grant,  in  the  theatre 
of  the  Russell  Institution. 

When  the  Anti- Corn-Law  League  re- 
organized itself  on  the  accession  of  the 
Derby  Ministry,  its  Council  offered  prizes 
for  essays  "  showing  the  results  of  the 
repeal  of  the  corn  laws  and  the  free  trade 
policy  upon  the  moral,  the  social,  the 
commercial,  and  the  political  interests  of 
the  United  Kingdom,'*— 250/.  for  the 
best  essay,  and  50/.  for  the  next  best.  The 
first  prize  has  been  awarded  to  the  Rev. 
Henry  Dunckley,  M.A.  Baptist  minister, 
Salford,  who  won  the  first  prize  of  100/. 
offered  by  the  Religious  Tract  Society  in 
1850,  for  an  essay  on  the  social  and  moral 
condition  of  the  working  classes,  and  which 
has  since  been  published  under  the  title  of 
The  Glory  and  Shame  of  Britain.  The 
prize  of  50/.  for  the  second  best  essay  is 
awarded  to  Mr.  James  Grant,  of  Plowden- 
buildings.  Temple. 

The  Earl  of  Aberdeen  has  renewed  the 
grant  made  by  Lord  John  Russell  to  Mr. 
£.  W.  Lane,  from  the  Fund  for  special 
service,  for  the  furtherance  of  his  Arabic 
Lexicon. 

Mr.  Peto  has  placed  2,000/.  annually  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  So- 
ciety for  the  next  seven  years. 

The  scholars  of  Norway  have  made 
public  two  more  monuments  of  their  olden 
tongue.  The  one  is  the  important  and 
celebrated  old  Norse  text  of  the  Saga  of 
King  Didrik  of  Bern  (Theodoric  of  Ve- 
rona), commonly  called  the  Vilkina-Saga, 
compiled  in  Norway  in  the  first  half  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  edited,  with  notes,  in- 
troductions, various  readings,  and  fac- 
similes, by  Professor  C.  R.  Unger.  The 
other  is  the  Sfjornt  a  biblical  historical 
comment,  composed  towards  the  beginning 
of  the  fourtf  enth  century,  partly  from  Pe- 
trus   Comestor  and  .Vincentius   Bellova- 


censls,  and  partly  from  various  other 
written  and  unwritten  sources,  and  abound- 
ing in  legends,  traditions,  natural  history, 
&c.  in  the  style  of  that  age.  It  goes  from 
the  Creation  down  to  the  Babylonian  cap- 
tivity. This  latter  work  will  appear  in 
eight  parts,  under  the  same  admirable 
editorship. 

The  first  part  of  the  far-famed  work  of 
Bunyan,  **  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,"  trans- 
lated into  Chinese  by  the  Scotish  mis- 
sionary the  Rev.  W.  C.  Bums,  has  just 
passed  through  the  press.  The  cost  is  five 
pence  per  copy.  The  Chinese  are  remark- 
ably fond  of  works  of  fancy  and  imagina- 
tion, and  are  sure  to  appreciate  the  dream 
of  the  prisoner  of  Bedford  gaol. 

American  papers  report  of  a  new  MS. 
series  of  Shaksperean  discoveries.  One 
Mr.  Quincy,  of  Boston,  asserts  that  his 
copy  of  the  fourth  folio  of  the  dramas 
contains  four  hundred  manuscript  emen- 
dations. They  are  said  to  be  by  an  un- 
known hand,  and  that  they  occur  with 
more  or  less  frequency  through  sixteen  of 
the  plays.  Many  of  them  coincide  with 
the  corrections  found  in  Mr.  Collier's 
folio. 

One  of  the  most  destructive  fires  ever 
known  in  New  York  has  consumed  an  im- 
mense stock  of  English  reprints  in  the 
warehouses  of  the  Messrs.  Harper  Brothers. 
The  occurrence  has  led  to  the  publication 
of  some  wonderful  details  respecting  this 
great  literary  manufactory.  It  was  founded 
by  James  Harper,  the  eldest  of  the  four 
brothers  who  now  constitute  the  firm. 
He  came  to  New  York  in  1810,  a  lad  15 
years  old,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  of 
six  years  to  Paul  and  Thomas,  the  leading 
printers  of  that  day.  His  brother  John 
soon  followed  him,  and  learned  his  trade 
of  Mr.  Seymour,  a  printer  in  John- street. 
In  1817,  with  the  small  capital  that  James 
had  saved,  the  brothers  opened  a  book 
and  job  office  in  Dover-street.  The  first 
book  they  printed  was  Seneca's  Morals  ; 
the  second  an  edition  of  the  Methodist 
Catechism.  The  first  they  published  on 
their  own  account  was  Locke's  Essay  on 
the  Human  Understanding.  In  1^20  a 
third  brother,  Joseph- Wesley,  joined  them, 
and  six  years  later  Fletcher  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm.  From  that  time  until  now 
they  have  carried  on  the  business  with  un- 
remitting industry  and  well-directed  energy. 
They  removed  to  Cliff-street  about  1820, 
and  have  added  one  building  after  another 
to  their  establishment,  as  the  demands  of 
their  business  required.  The  amount  of 
books  they  have  issued  is  almost  incidcu- 
1  ablet  It  is  asserted  that  for  the  last 
few  years  they  have  published,  on  an  aver- 
age, 25,000  volumes  a  minute  for  ten  hours 
a  day ;  and  from  three  to  four  thousand 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


165 


persons  hare  obtained  a  livelihood  from 
their  emplo3rnient 

From  the  Transatlantic  book-producers 
we  may  return  to  those  of  London,  of 
whom  the  following  particulars  have  been 
recently  published,  suggested  by  the  dis- 
appearance of  the  ancient  firm  of  the  Riv- 
ingtons  from  Paternoster  Row  and  St. 
Paul's  Churchyard.  The  remarks  are 
taken  from  a  recent  number  of  The  Morn- 
ing Advertiser.  The  old  shop,  where 
Horsley  and  Tomline,  Warburton  and 
Hnrd,  used  in  old  times  to  meet,  is  about 
to  become  a  *  Shawl  Emporium,'  and  the 
firm  of  Rivingtons'  will  no  more  be  found 
in  London  city.  It  adds  one  more  to  a 
thousand  past  proofs  of  the  change  which 
is  taking  place  in  London.  The  business 
of  Messrs.  Rivingtons  will  be  in  future 
carried  on  in  Waterloo-place.  There  are, 
probably,  few  branches  of  trade  which  have 
suffered  so  many  changes  and  losses  of 
late  as  that  of  bookselling^  The  firms  of 
Cadell  and  Davies,  and  of  Johnson,  in  St. 
Paul's  Churchyard,  have  entirely  faded 
away.  In  Messrs.  Simpkin  and  Marshall's 
house,  there  is  now  no  '  Simpkin,'  and  no 
'  Marshall.'  In  Messrs.  Whittaker  and 
Co.'s  house  there  is  no  '  Whittaker.'  In 
Messrs.  Hamilton  and  Co.'s  house  there 
is  no  '  Hamilton.'  Even  westward  the 
same  thing  prevails ;  for  at  Messrs.  Nisbet 
and  Co.'s,  in  Bcmers- street,  there  is  now 
no  '  Nisbet.'  Mr.  Colburu  has  retired, 
and  is  succeeded  by  Messrs.  Hurst  and 
Blackett.  Mr.  Pickering  has  closed  bis 
accounts  in  Piccadilly,  and  is  succeeded 
by  his  late  assistant  Mr.  Craven,  whilst 
his  son  Mr.  Basil  Pickering  has  joined 
Mr.  Toovey.  Another  striking  feature  of 
modem  publishing  is,  that  of  the  rise  of 
great  and  cheap  railway  publishers.  Of 
these.  Chambers,  of  Edinburgh,  and  Sims 
andM*Intyre,ofBelfast,have  filled  the  fore- 
most place  ;  but  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn,  Messrs. 
Ingram  and  Co.  and,  still  more,  Messrs. 
Routledge  and  Co.  bid  fair  to  overpass 
their  provincial  forerunners.  The  rapid 
rise  of  this  last  house  is  one  of  the  most 
renuurkable  facts  in  the  whole  history  of 
bookselling.  It  was  first  heard  of  about 
a  dozen  years  ago,  in  Soho-square,  and 
now  it  copes  with  the  very  first  in  town, 
for  the  large  extent  of  its  transactions. 

A  very  curious  incident  in  the  life  of  the 
late  Lord  Plunket  is  talked  of  in  well- 
informed  circles  of  Dublin  society.  It 
appears  that  in  his  declining  years  be  had 
occupied  himself  with  drawing  up  some 
particulars  of  events  in  his  public  career. 
But  his  mind,  as  was  not  unnatural  at  his 
protracted  years,  was  subject  to  aberration ; 
and  not  long  since  he  chanced  one  day  to 
come  on  the  papers,  which  he  had  com- 
posed in  perfect  health,  and  seizing  them 


he  suddenly  cast  them  into  the  fire  and 
destroyed  them  all  1  We  are  not  informed 
as  to  whether  the  papers  were  a  retro- 
spective record  of  his  varied  life,  or  whether 
it  was  a  journal  kept  in  his  later  years. 
The  name  of  Mr.  Edward  Berwick,  the 
President  of  Queen^s  College,  Galway  (and 
grand-nephew  of  the  late  Henry  Grattan), 
has  been  mentioned  as  that  of  Lord 
Plunket's  biographer. — Aiheneum. 

The  library  of  Mr.  Smyth  Pigotl,  of 
Brockley  Hall,  Somerset,  recently  sold  by 
Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson,  contained 
a  valuable  collection  of  English  history, 
topography,  and  genealogy,  and  many 
curious  books  in  the  occult  sciences,  jest- 
books,  and  early  English  literature.  Hey- 
don's  Theomagia  sold  for  4/.  19«. ;  Eld's 
Merry  Jests  16*17,  6/.;  Royston's  Banquet 
of  Jests  1657,  G/.  8«.  Gd. ;  Charles  the 
First's  copy  of  the  Annals  of  Tacitus,  5/. 
Among  the  manuscripts  were, — Heraldic 
Collections  for  Somersetshire,  formed  by 
Wm.  Raphael  Eginton,  F.A.S.E.  about 
the  year  1828,  21/. ;  Seyer's  Collections 
for  Bristol,  20/. ;  the  original  manuscript 
of  Byron's  Curse  of  Minerva,  22/.  10*. ;  a 
fragment  by  Chatterton,  6/.  The  black- 
stone  speculum  said  to  have  been  used  by 
the  astrologer  Dr.  Dee  was  sold  for  13/., 
and  his  magic  crystal  for  15/.  10*.  The 
former  was  sold  at  the  Strawberry  Hill 
Sale  in  1842  for  12/.  12*. :  see  some  re- 
marks upon  it  in  our  vol.  xviii.  p.  603. 

In  the  Second  Portion  of  the  Library 
of  Dr.  Hawtreyt  (now  Provost  of  Eton,) 
sold  by  the  same  auctioneers,  occurred, 
Lot  (j,  Adagia  Grsecorum,  with  the  auto- 
graph and  motto  of  Ben  Jonson,  which  was 
sold  for  4/. ;  and  Lot  470,  Congreve's 
Works,  a  presentation  copy  to  the  Duchess 
of  Marlborough,  for  6/.  6'*. 

In  a  sale  by  Messrs.  Puttick  and  Co. 
on  the  18th  Jan.  occurred  two  lots  which 
are  worthy  of  note.  Lot  258  was  a  volume 
relating  to  the  City  of  London,  containing 
some  remarkable  items  connected  with  the 
Cutlers'  Company,  the  Bell  Savage,  Lud- 
gate  Hill,  and  some  singular  gifts,  &c. 
connected  with  the  family  of  the  Crathornes. 
It  appears  by  the  announcement  in  the 
Catalogue  to  have  been  the  account-book 
of  one  Thomas  By  water.  Ix>t  592  was  a 
volume  of  the  original  sketches  and  draw- 
ings of  that  elaborate  work,  John  Carter's 
"  Ancient  Architecture  of  England.'*  It  was 
sold  for  4/.  10*.  and  bought  by  Mr.  Boone. 

A  very  beautiful  window,  in  memory  of 
the  late  Mr.  Arthur  Haggitt,  has  been 
placed  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  of 
St.  James's  Church,  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
opposite  to  the  similar  memorial  of  his 
father,  the  long  respected  Lecturer  of  the 
parish.  The  six  bays,  or  principal  com- 
partments, are  filled  with  scriptural  sub- 


166 


Miscellaneous  Reviews » 


[Feb. 


jects,  the  lower  tier  representing  the  Shun- 
amite's  son  raised  by  Elisha,  Christ  raising 
the  Widow's  son,  and  the  raising  of  La- 
zarus ;  and  the  upper  tier  the  Crucifijuon, 
Resurrection,  and  Ascension.  The  head- 
ing of  the  window  is  filled  with  angels 
bearing  scrolls  ioscribed  with  texts  from 
1  Corinthiaus,  xv.  At  the  base  is  this  in- 
scription: "To  the  memory  of  Arthur 
Haggitt,  who  died  November  23rd,  1852, 
aged  20  years/' 

The  chaDcel  at  Clyst  Si,  Oeorge,  co. 
Devon,  which  has  lately  been  restored  by 
the  Rector,  the  Rev.  H.  T.  EUacombe, 
in  the  style  which  prevailed  in  1300  (with 
which  date  the  original  three  light  east 
window  accorded,  and  which  has  been 
copied  in  the  restoration),  has  been  further 
improved  by  the  addition  of  stained  glass, 
from  the  establishment  of  Mr.  Ward,  of 
Frith-street,  London.  The  glass  employed 
has  been  manufactured  by  Messrs.  Powell, 
of  W^hitefriars,  after  long  and  repeated 
experiments  made  by  analyses  of  the  glass 
of  the  thirteenth  century,  by  Mr.  Medlock, 
late  of  the  Royal  College  of  Chemistry, 
under  the  superintendence  of  Charles  Win- 
ston, esq.  who  has  been  indefatigable  in 
his  exertions  to  restore  this  beautiful  art 
to  its  pristine  celebrity.  Judging  from  this 
specimen  (which  is  the  fifth  window  yet 
made  of  the  newly  discovered  material), 
the  efforts  of  all  these  gentlemen  appear 
to  have  been  most  successful.  The  tone 
of  the  whole  is  rich  and  harmonious,  evi- 
dently arising  from  the  use  of  materials 


different  from  those  hitherto  employed  in 
modern  glass.  It  has  a  more  sabstantial 
appearance  even  than  "  rolled  glasi," 
without  any  of  its  dulness ;  and  its  quiet 
and  rich,  though  brilliant  appearance,  pre- 
sents a  favourable  contrast  to  the  raw  and 
flimsy,  though  smudged  glass,  of  some 
modern  Manufacturers.  The  blue,  in  par- 
ticular, is  soft  and  intense;  and  the  white, 
the  green,  and  the  pot-metal  yellow  are, 
in  hue,  exactly  like  the  old.  The  design 
of  this  very  handsome  window  consists  of 
six  groups  of  figures,  dabbed  on  a  running 
floriated  quarry  work,  with  a  rich  border 
by  the  sides,  which  also  adorns  the  tracery 
of  the  head.  Each  light  has  two  of  these 
medallions  or  groups.  In  the  centre 
light  there  is  the  Nativity  of  our  Lord, 
with  the  Crucifixion  over  it  In  the  left- 
hand  light  a  miracle  is  represented  (Christ 
Healing  the  Sick),  and  over  it  the  Resur- 
rection; and  in  the  right  hand  light  a 
Parable  (the  Sower),  with  the  Ascension 
over.  All  the  subjects  are  well  treated, 
and  have  been  designed  and  painted  by 
Mr.  Hughes,  in  connection  with  Mr.Ward. 
The  first  window  executed  in  this  new 
material,  was  set  up  in  the  Temple  Church ; 
simultaneously  with  which  another  was 
done  for  a  church  in  Staffordshire,  in 
memory  of  J.  Clarke,  esq.  K.C. ;  the  east 
window  of  Buckland  church,  near  Dover, 
is  the  third ;  the  fourth  in  Sharrow  church, 
Yorkshire,  was  painted  by  Mr.  G.  Hedge- 
land,  for  Colonel  Mason  ;  and  the  present, 
as  before  stated,  is  the  fifth. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Mr.  Akerman  has  proceeded  as  far  as 
Part  VIII.  with  his  Remaim  qf  Pagan 
Sasondom.  The  objects  delineated  are  re- 
presented with  admirable  precision,  and 
show  to  advantage  the  experienced  hand  of 
Mr.  Basire  as  an  antiquarian  draughts- 
man and  engraver ;  whilst  the  care  with 
which  the  plates  are  coloured  brings  each 
article  before  the  view  with  scarcely  less 
satisfaction  than  if  the  originals  were  col* 
lected  together.  It  was  not  conceived  that 
so  many  and  such  elaborate  specimens  of 
Anglo-Saxon  workmanship  were  still  ex- 
tant, until  the  well-directed  excavations 
of  recent  years  at  once  added  largely  to 
the  stores  of  the  inquirer,  and  ascertained 
the  identity  of  such  as  were  scattered  in 
various  private  hands.  The  last  number 
presents  some  remarkable  articles  that 
have  occurred  in  the  latter  way,  in  the 
counties  of  Leicester  and  Lincoln. 


Collectanea  Antigua,  Etchinge  and 
Noticee  qf  Ancient  BemainSf  illutirative 
qf  the  Habitit  Cuetomt,  and  Hittorg  qf 
Patt  Aget.  By  Charles  Roach  Smith. 
VoL  IIL  part  2.  Boo. — This  is  a  peculiarly 
interesting  number  of  Mr.  Roach  Smith's 
privately-printed  collection  of  antiquarian 
essays,  and  will,  we  are  sure,  be  prized  by 
all  lovers  of  archseological  pursuits.  The 
first  article  of  its  contents  is  an  account  of 
the  curiouf  Roman  coffin  and  sarcophagus 
recently  discovered  near  the  Minories  in 
London,  which — both  text  and  illustrative 
engravings — place  that  discovery  in  a  very 
different  light  from  the  poor  reports  which 
had  previously  appeared.  Mr.  Smith, 
moreover,  is  not  content  with  giving  a  bare 
report  of  this  discovery,  bnt  he  makes  it 
the  groundwork  of  an  elaborate  and  useful 
essay  on  the  whole  class  of  similar  sepuU 
chral  interments  of  the  Roman  period,  as 
they  have  baea  found  in  Great  Britain,  and 


18d4.] 


MiiceUaneotu  Rettiewi. 


167 


which,  though  very  numeroui,  have  hitherto 
been  only  recorded  separately,  and  some- 
times d^cribed  erroneously.  He  has  fur- 
ther illustrated  them  by  notices  of  similar 
objects  found  in  Gaul.  The  second  article 
is  a  description,  with  a  plate,  of  a  rather 
late  medicTal  brass  trumpet  found  at  Rom- 
ney  in  Kent,  and  believed  to  be  a  ship 
trumpet  This  is  followed  by  a  notice^ 
similarly  illustrated,  of  a  fine  Saxon  sword 
and  scabbard,  recently  obtained  from  the 
river  Thames,  aud  now  in  the  collection 
of  Lord  Londesborottgh  at  Grimston  Park 
in  Yorkshire, 

The  largest  portion  of  this  number  of 
the  Collectanea  Antiqua  is,  however,  de- 
voted to  a  survey  of  the  Roman  antiquities 
of  some  of  the  cities  of  ancient  Gaul,  exa- 
mined by  Mr.  Roach  Smith  during  a  recent 
visit  to  Normandy.  This  survey,  which 
it  very  profusely  illustrated  with  engra- 
vings, possesses  a  very  peculiar  value  to 
English  antiquaries,  as  affording  an  inte- 
resting point  of  comparison  with  the  simi- 
lar remains  found  in  so  many  parts  of  out 
own  island.  The  French  monuments  are 
more  extensive,  more  continuous,  and  in 
better  condition  than  ours,  and  therefore 
they  fireqnently  enable  us  to  understand 
objects  which  we  find  imperfect  at  home. 
Moreover,  the  sitfcs  visited  by  Mr.  Smith 
have  furnished  monuments  which  have  a 
direct  relstion  with  our  own  monuments 
of  the  Roman  period,  and  show  the  imme- 
diate connection  between  the  two  provinces 
of  the  vast  Roman  empire.  He  commences 
with  the  very  remarkable  monuments  of 
the  Roman  period  at  Lillebonne,  the  site 
of  the  ancient  city  of  Juliobona,  one  of  the 
most  prominent  of  which  is  a  fine  Roman 
theatre,  which  may  be  compared  with  that 
of  somewhat  less  extent  at  Verulam  in  Eng- 
land. Many  parts  of  the  theatre  at  Lille- 
bonne are  exceedingly  perfect ;  and  Mr. 
Smith  has  given  engravings  of  numerous 
sculptures  and  other  architectural  remains 
which  help  to  supply  a  notion  of  the  magni- 
ficence of  the  ancient  city.  Among  these 
is  the  remarkably  fine  statue  of  AnoUo, 
whieh,  after  long  remaining  in  the  hands 
of  a  dealer  in  I^ndon,  has  recently  been 
purchased  by  the  French  government  and 
carried  back  to  France.  Vieux,  which  oc- 
cupies the  site  of  the  ancient  capital  of 
the  Viducasses,  next  engaged  Mr.  Smith's 
attention,  and  no  less  fruitfully  than  Lille- 
bonne. Here  he  found  a  series  of  very 
curious  inscriptions  relating  mainly  to  .a 
previously  unknown  Roman  governor  of 
Britain,  Claudius  Paulinus,  who  flourished 
apparently  in  the  reign  of  Severus,  and 
which  illustrate  in  a  remarkable  manner 
the  political  and  social  position  of  the 
western  provinces.  These  inscriptions  are 
here  given  in  full,  with  fiDglish  transla- 


tions and  explanations  which  will  make 
them  more  valuable  to  the  general  reader. 
Vieux  has  also  furnished  a  considerable 
number  of  sculptures  and  other  remains  of 
antiquity  of  an  interesting  character.  Next 
comes  Jublanis,  ascertained  to  occupy  the 
site  of  the  capital  of  the  Diablinxes,  and 
no  less  remarkable  than  the  others  for  the 
remains  of  its  former  magnificence.  The 
ruins  of  the  Roman  dwellings  are  mixed 
in  the  present  villages  among  the  modern 
houses.  Among  these  are  some  curious 
examples  of  the  arrangements  and  con- 
veniences of  the  domestic  architecture  df 
the  ancients,  which  are  well  deserving  of 
our  study.  The  account  of  Jublanis  is 
only  commenced  in  the  present  number  of 
Mr.  Smith's  work,  and  as  we  have  but  one 
plate  out  of  four  that  are  promised  to  il- 
iustrate  it,  we  may  expect  that  it  will 
occupy  a  considerable  portion  of  the  next 
part.  We  can  only  say  that  what  is  given 
in  the  present  number  makes  us  look  for- 
ward impatiently  to  that  which  is  to  come; 
and  that,  instead  of  flagging  in  his  zealona 
labours,  Mh  Smith  seems  to  us  to  improve 
his  work  materially  as  he  goes  on.  The 
present  volume  promises  to  be  fully  equal 
to,  if  not  to  excel,  the  two  which  pre- 
ceded it. 


We  are  happy  to  find  that  the  Bath 
Literary  Club  have  had  the  good  taste  to 
request  a  reprint  of  Mr.  Hunter's  Essay  on 
The  Connection  of  Bath  with  the  Litera* 
iure  and  Science  of  England t  which  was 
read  before  the  Literary  and  Philosophical 
Association  of  the  Bath  Institution  in  the 
year  1826,  and  a  small  edition  then  printed 
for  private  circulation.  Of  that  small  im- 
pression it  was  scarcely  possible  to  procure 
a  copy ;  and  consequently  the  present 
supply  must  be  very  acceptable  to  the  new 
generation  which  will  now  take  an  interest 
in  the  literary  annals  and  associations  of 
Bath  :  particularly  accompanied,  as  it  is, 
with  notes  in  continuation  of  the  subject 
fbr  another  quarter  of  a  century,  and  with 
a  historical  narrative  of  the  formation  of 
the  Bath  Institution,  in  which  Mr.  Hunter 
took  an  active  part.  Of  the  original  essay 
large  extracts  were  given  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  1827,1.347,544.  "Six- 
and-twenty  years  have  since  passed,  and 
there  is  the  building,  the  library,  the 
musuem,  the  public  lectures,  and  there 
are  the  friends  and  supporters  also,  some 
of  the  old  stock, — now  the  Nestors  of  the 
Institution,  others  who  have  since  taken 
up  their  abode  in  Bath,  and  who  show 
themselves  not  inferior  to  the  founders  in 
the  interest  which  they  take  in  its  pros- 
perity.'' (p.  71.)  Some  of  the  most  re* 
markable  of  its  benefactions  are  thus  ena- 
nierated :  "  The  foundution  of  its  Cabinet 


168 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Feb. 


of  Coins  was  laid  by  Mr.  Wiltshire,  of 
Shocker  wick,  and  to  his  collection  was 
soon  added  the  numerous  consular  and 
family  medals,  the  gift  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Nott,  who  happened  to  be  an  invalid 
▼isitor  of  Bath  soon  after  the  opening,  if 
not  at  the  time  of  the  opening.  The  re- 
markably curious  collection  of  foreign 
matrixes  of  seals  was  the  gift  of  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Battel]  :  it  may  be  added  as  a  fact  in 
their  history  that  they  were  bought  by  him 
at  the  sale  of  Mr.  Tyssen's  museum.  Mr. 
Leman,  the  eminent  student  in  the  Roman 
Antiquities  of  Britain,  bequeathed  to  the 
library  his  annotated  Horsley  and  other 
topographical  writings,  as  well  as  a  large 
collection  of  manuscript  county  genealogies. 
The  library  also  contains  two  quarto 
volumes  of  Annotations  on  Shakespeare, 
by  Dr.  Sherwin,  the  adventurous  defender 
of  the  authenticity  of  Rowley.  Add  to 
these,  that  the  remains  of  Bath  in  the  time 
of  the  Romans,  an  extraordinary  collection 
for  England,  are  now  deposited  within  the 
walls  of  the  Institution.^* 

Mr.  Hunter's  "annotation''  is  full  of 
interesting  facts  and  remarks,  particularly 
as  hints  for  biography. 


to  come.  This  explains  why  no  material 
alteration  in  the  general  level  of  the  ocean 
has  taken  place  during  the  past  4000  years ; 
but  when  the  Perihelion  enters  the  ecliptic, 
in  the  sign  of  Pisces,  then  the  waters  will 
again  be  elevated,  and  advance  on  terra 
firmoy  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  de- 
creasing in  a  corresponding  ratio  in  the 
south,  where  the  preponderance  is  at  pre- 
sent. Geological  facts  incontestably  prove 
that  such  changes  have  occurred  a  vast 
number  of  times,  and  clearly  indicate,  and 
foreshadow,  that  similar  results  must  pro* 
ceed  from  a  similar  change  of  circum- 
stances." (p.  19.) 


An  Eitay  on  the  Connexion  between 
Astronomical  and  Geological  Phenomena t 
addreaed  to  the  Geologiett  of  Europe  and 
America,  By  W.  Devonshire  SauU,  Fel- 
low of  the  Royal  Astronomical  and  Geo- 
logical Societies,  Sfc. — Mr.  SauU  pub- 
lished in  1836  a  pamphlet  On  the  Coinci- 
dence of  Astronomical  and  Geological  Phe- 
nomena ;  and  since  that  time  he  has  de- 
voted his  attention  to  the  collection  of 
further  observations  on  this  important 
subject.  Some  of  these  he  embodied  in  a 
paper  which  was  read  before  the  Geologi . 
cal  Society  in  Feb.  1848,  which,  with  ad- 
ditional notes,  is  included  in  the  present 
pamphlet.  Its  principal  object  is  to  elu- 
cidate the  successive  changes  of  tempera- 
ture, and  the  levels  of  the  Oceanic  Waters 
upon  the  Earth's  surface,  in  harmony  with 
geological  evidences.  Mr.  Saull  has  evi- 
dently collected  and  arranged  his  facts 
with  much  care,  and  his  essay  will  be  read 
with  interest,  even  if  his  readers  do  not 
coincide  in  all  his  conclusions.  Accord- 
ing to  his  calculation,  *'  about  4000  years 
ago,  when  the  Perihelion  entered  the  sign 
of  Scorpio  in  its  ecliptic  round,  a  very 
considerable  change  in  the  oceanic  level 
took  place  ;  but  since  that  period  it  has 
been  progressing  onward  to  the  sign  of 
Capricorn,  in  its  course  nearly  parallel  to 
the  Equator,  and  now  making  but  a  tri- 
fling angle  with  it.  Hence  then  the  state 
of  comparative  quiescence  during  the  his- 
toric period ;  which  state  of  repose  will 
probably  continiie  for  nearly  3000  yean 


Once  upon  a  Time,  By  Chas.  Knight. 
S  vols.  12mo. — These  are  two  volumes  of 
very  pleasant  reading  indeed.  They  con- 
sist of  a  selection  of  some  of  the  best  of 
Mr.  Knight's  historical  essays,  many  of 
which  have  heretofore  appeared  in  his  own 
periodica]  publications  and  in  Dickens's 
Household  Words,  and  which,  with  cer- 
tain additions  and  modifications,  are  now 
arranged  in  somewhat  of  a  chronological 
order.  The  sketches  of  his  own  early  ex- 
perience ,  in  the  world  of  letters,  of 
"  Windsor,  as  it  was," — in  the  Castle ; 
and  of  '*  Items  of  the  Obsolete,"  in  the 
borough  of  Windsor ;  of  "  The  Eton 
Montem," — and  other  early  recollections 
of  the  present  century,  are  especially  in- 
teresting and  valuable.  These  essays  are 
the  mature  result  of  a  taste  originally  good, 
a  well-directed  pursuit  of  the  soundest  in- 
formation, and  a  long  experience. 


A  GuidCf  containing  a  short  Historical 
Sketch  of  Lynlon  and  places  adjacent  in 
North  Devon,  including  Jffracombe,  By 
Thomas  Henry  Cooper.  12mo. — A  useful 
hand-book  to  the  whole  of  the  beautiful 
north  coast  of  Devon :  accompanied  by  a 
large  map  of  North  Devon  and  part  of 
Somersetshire,  reduced  from  the  Ordnance 
survey,  on  the  scale  of  one  inch  to  a  mile. 
The  book  is  founded  upon  that  of  the  old 
topographer  Westcote,  and  illustrated  with 
some  original  historical  papers,  particu- 
larly several  ancient  subsidy  rolls.  The 
author  enters  a  good  deal  into  the  folk-lore 
of  the  district,  and  in  pp.  53-60  are  some 
interesting  particulars  not  before  published 
relative  to  the  fugitives  from  the  battle  of 
Sedgmoor.  The  second  examination  of 
Major  Nathaniel  Wade  is  the  staple  of 
Fox's  narrative  of  Monmouth's  career,  and 
is  the  basis  of  that  by  Macaulay :  and  they 
both  imagined  that  his  first  examination 
was  lost.  It  is,  however,  quoted  by  Mr. 
Cooper  as  existing  in  the  Lansdowne  MS. 
1152;    the  other  it  in  MS.  Harl.  6845. 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


169 


The  account  given  by  Mr.  Cooper  of  the 
silTer  mines  of  Comb  Martin  is  also  in- 
teresting. 


Theology.    1 .  Burnetts  Discourse  on  the 
Pastoral  Care,      \2mo,  pp.  Ivi.   171. — 
This  neat  little  volume  is  introduced  by  a 
preface  from  the  pen  of  the  Rev.  T.  Dale, 
showing  that  the  abuses  of  which    the 
Bishop  complained,  in  the  sale  of  church 
patronage,  still  exist  to  a  great  amount. 
In  reading  the  remarks  on  Clerical  Edu- 
cation, we  found  ourselves  within  sight  of 
the  question  on  *'  Church  Parties,*'  and 
accordingly  drew  back.     The  treatise  is 
stated  to  be  "  carefully  revised,  with  notes 
and  references  to  the  Fathers,  by  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  University  of  Cambridge."  All 
this  might  have  been  expressed  in  three 
words,   "  revised,  with  references,"  and 
the   epithet  car^lly  would  have  come 
with  a  better  grace  from  a  reviewer  than 
an  editor.— 2.    A    Valedictory   Offering. 
By   C.  P.    Mcllvaine,  D,D,     Fcp.    Svo, 
pp.  107.      This   volume  consists   of  five 
sermons,  designed  by  the  Bishop  of  Ohio, 
as  a  token  "  of  Christian  love  and  remem- 
brance towards  his  brethren  in  England." 
It  is  not  said  that  these  sermons  consti- 
tute a  course,  but  something  of  such  an 
intention  appears  to  be  discernible.     In 
the  first,  ^the  objection   of    "  difficulties 
which  some  men  find  in  the  Scriptures," 
is  met  by  the  plain  fact,  that  they  "  give 
understanding  to  the  simple,''  in  the  words 
of  Ps.  cxix.    130,   which   form   the  text 
(p.  24).     The  whole  is  a  consistent  and 
worthy  addition  to  the  author's  former 
valuable   publications.  —  3.   A  Series  of 
Sermons.  By  Isaac  Williams,  B.  D.  2  vols. 
Jcp.  %r>o.     These  discourses  are   on   the 
Epistles  and  Gospels  of  the  several  Sun- 
days, and  on  some  of  the  chief  festivals. 
They  "  are  sometimes  formed  on  the  Pa- 
tristic Lectures,  such  as  are  found  in  the 
Breviaries  for  these    Sundays."    (p.  vi.) 
Thus  apprised,  the  reader  can  judge  whe- 
ther they  suit  him  or  not.     They  differ 
from  the  author^s  Commentaries,  in  ex- 
cluding the  "  multiplicity  of  opinions," 
which,  "  however  desirable  for  the  student 
and  critical  inquirer,"  are  perplexing  to 
the  practical  reader,  a  distinction  which  all 
will  allow  to  be  judicious. — 4.  The  Family 
Altar ;  a  Series  of  Prayers/or  every  day 
in  the  month.   By  W.  Daltoo,  B.D.  Fcp. 
Svo.  pp.  xvi.  314.     The  remark  may  ap- 
pear hypercritical,  but  this  collection  ap- 
pears more  suited  to  personal  than  do- 
mestic use.     The  language  is  too  florid, 
and  the  choice  of  subjects  is  often  such  as 
rather  befits  an  individual  of  similar  feel- 
ings, than  the  mixed  assemblage  in  a  fa- 
mily.    Doctrines,   which  may  enter  into 
the  hopes  and   expectations   of  an  indi* 
G  ENT.  Mag.  Vol.  XLL 


vidual,  are  sometimes  beyond  the  sphere 
of  general  topics  for  prayer.  At  the  same 
time  this  fault  (if  we  may  so  call  it)  is  so 
closely  connected  with  excellence,  in  this 
kind  of  composition,  that  it  places  the 
book  in  a  most  favourable  light,  compared 
with  the  tame  and  lifeless  productions 
which  sometimes  appear  under  the  same 
title.  The  author  may  overshoot  hii 
mark,  but  he  never  falls  short  of  it. 

Mr.  Don's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and 
Knightage  Jbr  1854,  comes  forth  as  usual, 
with  a  variety  of  improvements  upon  the 
last  edition.  The  Editor's  endeavours  to 
procure  information  as  to  birth-places 
have  been  successful  in  many  hundred  ad- 
ditional cases,  and  further  progress  has 
been  made  in  commemorating  the  surviving 
dowagers.  Several  additional  articles  have 
arisen  from  promotions  to  episcopal  and 
judicial  dignities,  to  the  privy  council, 
and  to  baronetcies  and  knighthoods  ;  and 
these,  together  with  successions  from 
deaths,  have  produced  no  less  than  seventy- 
seven  fresh  articles.  We  still  hope  that 
Mr.  Dod  will  hereafter  find  room  for  the 
Christian  names  of  wives  and  mothers, 
which  would  be  an  undeniable  improvement 

Mr.  Don  has  also  published  his  Pariia- 
mentary  Companion  for  1854,  being  its 
twenty- second  annual  appearance.  Be- 
sides the  alterations  attendant  upon  indi- 
viduals, there  are  forty-four  fresh  members 
introduced  into  the  House  of  Commons 
since  the  edition  of  1853.  Pains  have  been 
taken  to  record  pledges  and  the  most  recent 
votes  upon  the  great  questions  of  Reform 
in  Parliament,  the  Ballot,  the  Maynooth 
Grant,  National  Education,  Free  Trade,  &c. 


Adams's  Parliamentary  Handbook 
(Second  Edition,  1853,)  will  be  found  a 
useful  companion  to  attendants  upon  the 
Debates  or  the  business  of  either  House, 
as  it  contains  copious  particulars  of  the 
political  and  genealogical  history  of  both 
the  Peers  and  the  Commons.  We  must 
warn  the  Editor,  however,  that  he  must 
use  indefatigable  vigilance  if  he  thinks 
successfully  to  rival  the  annual  work  of 
Mr.  Dod  on  the  same  subject.  It  is  now 
many  years  since  the  present  Premier  was 
President  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
and  we  were  puzzled  to  know  what  is  meant 
by  terming  him  '^  President  of  the  British 
Institute,"  until,  on  consulting  Mr.  Dod, 
we  find  it  should  be  the  British  Institu- 
tion. Of  Mr.  D' Israeli's  ancestors  it  is 
said  that  they  "  were  Spanish  Jews,  having 
been  driven  from  that  country  at  the  end 
of  the  15th  century."  it  may  be  so  ;  but 
whither  were  they  driven  to  ?  Not  imme- 
diately to  this  country  ?  The  present  form 
of  the  name  is  apparently  Italian. 

Z 


170 


Misoellaneoui  Reviews, 


[Feb. 


Th9  Lau>8  of  AriUiio  Copyright  and 
their  Dejkets.     By  D.  Robertson  Blaine, 
Barritter'at-Law^^li  is  often  forgotten 
by  Writers  on  the  law  of  patenttand  copy- 
rights  that  there  are  two  interests  to  be 
considered,  that  of  the  anthor  or  inventor, 
and  that  of  the  public.     Still  less  is  it 
generally  borne  in  mind  that  the  primary 
object  of  such  laws  is  public,  and  not  in- 
dividual,   adyantage.      It    is    agreeable, 
therefore,  to  meet  with  a  treatise  on  this 
subject,  written  in  a  fair  and  impartial 
spirit.      Mr.  Blaine  gives  us  a  careful 
analysis  of  the  present  laws  of  artistic 
copyright,  with  a  statement  of  their  de- 
fects, and  suggestions  for  their  amend- 
ment.    He  appends  to  this  the  test  of  the 
statutes  on  the  subject.     One  of  the  prin- 
cipal defects  of  the  law  is  the  uncertainty 
hanging  over  it,  from  conflicting  statutes 
and  contradictory  judicial  decisions.    The 
obvious  remedy  is  the  consolidation  of  the 
law  in  a  single  Act.     He  states  the  other 
defects  to  be,  that  the  protection  extends 
only  to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland ;  the 
terih  of  copyright  too  short ;  the  copy- 
right of  pictures  and  proofs  before  letters 
unprotected  }  the  penalties  for  piracy  too 
small ;  copyright  can  only  be  transferred 
by  deed  or  will ;   the  ruinous  cost  and 
delay  of  proceedings  in  case  of  piracy,  and 
some  other  minor  objections.     We  must, 
however,  differ  from  him  in  considering  a 
term  of  twenty-eight  years  too  short.     It 
appears  to  us  ample  for  the  purpose  of 
securing  to  an  artist  an  adequate  return 
for  his  invention  and  industry.      In  all 
other  respects  we  fully  agree  with  him, 
and  recommend  his  pamphlet  to  the  atten- 
tive consideration  of  all  interested  in  the 
subject,    whether    commercially,    or    as 
Artists  and  engravers. 

The  Hittory  of  Servia  and  the  Servian 
lUvolutiant  with  a  eketch  uf  the  Jneur- 
rection  at  Boenia.  By  Leopold  Ranke. 
Dranelaied  from  the  Oerman  by  Mrt, 
Alexander  Kerr.  7b  which  ie  added  the 
Sclave  Provincee  of  Turkey »  chiefly  from 
the  French  of  Cyprian  Robert. — For  a 
work  to  be  aptly  timed  as  well  as  ably 
written  is  an  additional  element  towards 
its  success.  This  is  the  case  with  this 
well-executed  translation  of  Ranke's  dash- 
ing historical  sketch  of  Servia.  Sketch 
though  it  be,  it  is  complete  in  itself,  and 
does  not  lack  what  painters  call  acces- 
sories. The  subject  is  interesting,  and  is 
picturesquely  handled,  more  especially  that 
portion  of  it  having  reference  to  the  social 
customs  of  the  Servians— a  race  at  once 
simply  pious  and  ferociously  brave.  The 
author  wrote  his  history  before  the  present 
aspect  of  Eastern  politics  was  even  to  be 
detected  as  ^Mooming  in  the  distance," 


but  we  soarody  can  read  any  of  the  daily 
records  of  the  crimes  now  being  committed 
by  the  mendacious  Czar  and  his  cowardly 
lieutenants,  without  finding  that  they  have 
been  foreseen  by  the  prophetic  vision  of 
Ranke,  who,  be  it  said,  is  usually  more 
successful  in  describing  the  past  than  in 
throwing  light  on  the  future.  The  adapta- 
tion of  Cyprian  Robert's  dissertation  on 
the  Sclave  provinces  of  Turkey  is  not 
without  interest ;  but  it  appears  to  us  that 
this  volume  would  have  been  more  com- 
plete if,  in  place  of  this  dissertation,  the 
editor  had  suostituted  Count  Valerian  Kra- 
sinski's  masterly  sketches  of  these  same 
provinces.  The  latter  are  perfect,  both 
for  the  amount  of  information  conveyed, 
and  for  their  remarkable  and  rare  power 
of  condensation*  The  essay  of  the  French 
author,  however,  is  clever  though  light, 
and  has  the  attraction  which  ready  French 
writers  can  give,  when  they  will,  to  almost 
any  subject  upon  which  they  choose  to 
display  Uieir  peculiar  power. 

The  Slave  Son.     By  Mrt,  W.   Noy 
Wilkios.     1  vol,   (Chapman  and  Hall.)— 
Next  to   Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,  so  far  as 
powerful  and  vivid  description  of  slave  life 
is  concerned,  we  must  certainly  rank  The 
Slave  Son.     Mrs.  Wilkins^s  experience 
has  been  obtained  in  the  island  of  Trinidad, 
of  which  she  was  for  a  length  of  time  an 
inhabitant.    The  greater  part  of  the  work, 
she  tells  us,  was  written  long  ago,  when 
her  mind  was  freshly  impressed  by  what 
she  had  herself  seen  and  heard ;  but  many 
circumstances  occurred  to  prevent  her  pur- 
suing any  plan  of  authorship,  and  only 
since  the  publication    of    Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin  has  the  strong  revival  of  interest  in 
the  slave  in  the  public  mind  induced  her 
to  look  over  and  finally  bring  out  the  tale, 
which,  in  all  its  leading  points  and  many 
of  its  details,  is  sketched  from  the  life. 
We  may  most  conscientiously  add,  that  it 
is  no  mere  picture  of  what  many  have  told 
before  concerning  masters  and  slaves.     It 
is  throughout  an  original  work  of  very  con- 
siderable talent.    Tbe  negro  superstitions 
are  well  portrayed,  and  the  descriptions 
of  natural  scenery  are  eloquently  given. 
As  the  English  is  by  no  means  pure,  but 
mixed,  and  rendered,  if  not  disagreeable, 
certainly   very  peculiar,  by    its    foreign 
idiom,  we  suppose  Mrs.  Wilkins  to  be  of 
Spanish  birth  and  education.  In  the  com- 
mencement of  the  work  are  many  well- 
timed  and  strong  remarks  on  prejudice  of 
colour  and  race,  on  the  wicked  and  absurd 
treatment  to  which,  in  the  case  of  the  half 
casts  or  quadroons,  the  slightest  possible 
infusion  of  negro  blood  gives  rise  on  the 
part  of  the  whites  in  America,  even  in  its 
free  states.   On  the  whole,  the  reader  may 


18540 


Miscellaneous  Reviews* 


171 


be  sure  of  meeting  with  what  will  strongly 
arrest  his  attention  and  arouse  bis  moral  in- 
dignation, but  he  must  anticipate  horroe, 
that  great  weapon  of  punishment  with  which 
the  wrongs  done  by  the  white  man  to  the 
black  arms  every  portrajer  of  truth  on 
this  dreadful  subject.  The  whips  of  the 
negro  are  scorpions  lacerating  the  mind 
and  heart  of  the  race  which  has  so  long 
tormented  him.  We  would  not  have  the 
sting  less  sharp  or  severe,  until  its  multi- 
plied inflictions  have  wrought  out  full 
repentance  and  a  putting  away  the  evil 
thing  from  all  lands  calling  themselves 
Christian. 


A  Summer -day*  8  Dream:  with  other 
Poemt,  By  Henry  Francis  Robinson. — 
The  frontispiece  to  this  volume  exhibits 
to  our  view  the  figure  of  a  gentleman  in 
very  tight  pantaloons,  lying  recumbent  and 
evidenUy  uneasy,  and  perpetrating,  as  we 
suppose,  this  Summer-day's  Dream.  That 
a  dreamer  so  uncomfortably  disposed  of 
should  discharge  his  bosom  of  such  perilous 
stuff  as  the  doggrel  which  is  muttered  by 
way  of  introduction  to  the  subsequent 
rhymes,  by  no  means  surprises  us.  We 
are  glad  to  find,  however,  that  his  visions 
became  gradually  plaasanter  to  bear,  and 
that  they  are  more  gracefully  told.  StiUi 
Mr.  Robinson  needs  study  and  training 
before  he  can  even  call  himself  a  rhymer. 
Let  him,  for  instance,  read  his  Belsbaz2ar's 
Feast,  and  then  peruse  Mr.  Arnold^s  poem 
on  the  same  subject ;  and,  if  he  have  wit, 
he  will  at  once  see  how  much  may  be  said 
in  a  small  space  and  to  great  purpose,  and 
how  Lord  Duberly's  apophthegm  touching 
fine  words,  butter,  and  parsnips  might  be 
not  unfairly  applied  to  his  own  illustration 
of  the  same  subject. 


information  conveyed  in  its  pages  is  valu- 
able, derived  from  many  scattered  sources, 
and  agreeably  im{)arted.  Many  older 
readers  who  may  be  desirous  to  refresh 
their  memories  upon  subjects  treated  of 
in  this  volume  will  find  it  useful  as  a  book 
to  be  consulted.  Its  hnving  been  written 
for  the  amusement  of  the  young  does  not 
diminish  its  value  for  the  purposes  and 
parties  above  mentioned. 


Ocean  and  her  Rulers :  a  Narrative  qf 
the  Nations  who  have  from  the  earliest 
ages  held  dominion  over  the  Sea,  By 
Alfred  Elwes. — A  brief  history  of  naviga- 
tion,  from  the  remotest  periods  to  the 
present  time,  forms  the  fitting  introduction 
to  this  pleasant  and  useful  volume.  The 
idea  of  such  a  work  as  the  present  was  an 
excellent  one,  and  the  execution  docs  not 
fall  short  of  the  idea.  The  volume  will 
doubtless  be  an  especial  favourite  with 
boys,  for  whom  it  has  probably  been  espe- 
cially written.  But  it  merits  and  will 
command  a  wider  circle  of  readers,  for  the 


Memorable  Women  :  the  Story  qf  their 
Lives,  By  Mrs,  Newton  Croslana.  {David 
Bogue.)—Theae  bioerapbies  are  eight  in 
number — Lady  Rachel  Russell,  Madame 
D*Arblay  and  Mrs.  Piozzi  (included  in 
one),  Mary  Ware,  Mrs.  Hutchinson  an4 
Lady  Fanshawe,  Margaret  Fuller  and 
Lady  Sale.  They  are  well  written,  ana 
convey  many  wholesome  truths  in  a  verr 
interesting  manner.  The  second,  in  whioB 
the  characters  and  fortunes  of  Mrs.  PiOzzi 
and  Madame  D'Arblay  are  portrayed  is, 
on  the  whole,  our  favourite.  But -the 
authoress  has  also  shewn  skill  and  judg- 
ment in  her  memoir  of  the  gifted,  eccentitip 
Margaret  Fuller.  She  has  not  pretended 
to  moralise  largely  upon  it,  and  yet  has 
caught  some  at  least  of  the  most  striking 
lessons  it  teaches,  while  her  own  personal 
acquaintance,  limited  as  it  was,  adds  an 
interest  to  the  notice.  Mary  Ware's 
character  and  life  is  a  valuable  contriba* 
tion.  In  the  published  volume  it  reads 
tediously,  and  has  a  sectarian  cast  which 
Mrs.  Crosland  has  dropped.  Some  will 
doubtless  think  that  in  so  doing  she  has 
missed  one  essential  part  of  the  portrait, 
since  the  religious  views  of  Mrs.  Ware 
were  to  herself  and  those  around  her  very 
important.  Yet  no  one  can  say  that  the 
heroine  looks  less  Christian  than  before. 
We  are  sure  this  volume  will  be  very  «c« 
ceptable. 

John  ;  ort  is  not  a  Cousin  in  hand  worth 
two  Counts  in  the  Bush,  By  Emilie  von 
Carlen.  2  vols, — Miss  Bremer  never 
penned  a  better  and  brighter  piece  of 
fiction  than  **  John.*'  The  interest  never 
flags  for  one  moment.  It  is  eminently 
dramatic,  and  could  be  easily  adapted  for 
stage  representation.  We  say  no  more, 
for  to  tell  the  story  or  to  make  an  extract 
would  be  doing  the  author  and  the  public 
an  injury. 


172 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

Jan,  12.  Rear-Adm.  W.  H.  Smyth,  V.P. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
Fellows — John  Martin,  esq.  Librarian  to 
his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  Samuel 
Lucas,  esq.  M .A.  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
barrister-at-law,  Mr.  Thomas  Mackinlay, 
music-publisher,  of  Soho-square  and  Brigh- 
ton, Joseph  Joseph,  esq.  of  Brecon,  banker, 
John  Richard  Walbran,  esq.  of  Ripon, 
author  of  the  History  of  Gainford,  &c. 
Henry  Salusbury  Milman,  esq.  B.C.L. 
barrister-at-law,  Wm.  George  Carter,  esq. 
of  Gray's  Inn,  and  John  Marriot  Devon- 
port,  esq.  clerk  of  the  peace  for  the  county 
of  Oxford.  M.  Hildebrand,  curator  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Antiquities  at  Stock- 
holm, was  elected  an  Honorary  or  Foreign 
Member. 

Herr  Bodcke  exhibited  several  fine  speci- 
mens of  antique  and  mediaeval  rings,  and 
a  gold  cup  set  with  precious  stones,  and 
bearing  a  Sclavonic  inscription  shewing  it 
to  have  belonged  to  the  empress  of  Ivan 
Bassilivich,  czar  of  Russia  in  the  latter 
half  of  the  sixteenth  century.  Mr.  Farrer 
exhibited  some  beautiful  examples  of  cups 
and  unguentaries  in  Roman  glass,  and  an 
ivory  casket  from  Cordova,  noticed  in  our 
report  of  the  Archaeological  Institute. 

Mr.  Akerraan  communicated  a  note  on 
some  coins  said  to  have  been  found  in  the 
ruins  of  Old  Panama.  He  was  convinced 
from  their  appearance  that  they  were 
not  part  of  a  very  ancient  deposit,  and 
suggested  that,  if  really  discovered  in  the 
way  described,  they  may  have  formed  part 
of  a  collection  made  in  the  seventeenth 
century.  They  consisted  of  the  common 
third-brass  of  the  family  of  Constantine 
the  Great,  two,  however,  being  Greek,  and 
of  the  type  attributed  to  Panormus  in 
Sicily. 

A  communication  was  read  from  W.  M. 
Wylie,  esq.  F.S.A.  on  Certain  Christian 
Sepulchral  Usages  of  Early  Times.  About 
fourteen  years  ago  several  skeletons  were 
found  in  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  church 
of  Butteiles,  near  Dieppe.  On  the  breast 
of  each  was  placed  a  cross,  rudely  cut  out 
of  sheet  lead,  on  which  a  simple  form  of 
absolution  was  engraved,  little  differing 
from  the  formula  now  in  use.  The  Abb^ 
Cochet  also  forwarded  for  exhibition  a 
similar  leaden  cross,  found  in  the  old 
cemetery  of  Quiberville,  near  Dieppe,  but 
the  inscription  of  this  example  is  illegible. 
These  crosses  appear  to  date  from  about 
the  eleventh  century,  and  some  have  been 
found  in  the  tombs  of  the  Bishops  of  Mets 


of  that  date.  Two  have  also  been  met 
with  in  the  precincts  of  the  cathedral 
churches  of  Chichester  and  Lincoln.  That 
of  Chichester  was  found  in  the  tomb  of 
Godefridus,  a  bishop  of  the  time  of  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror,  and  bears  a  very  de- 
cided form  of  absolution,  commencing 
'*  Absolvimus  te  Godefride,"  &c.  These 
crosses  were  probably  employed  as  amu> 
lets  against  demoniacal  possession.  An 
instance  of  the  sepulchral  use  of  such 
forms  of  absolution  is  recorded  in  Mabil- 
lon's  Annals  of  the  Benedictine  Order,  on 
the  death  of  the  celebrated  Abelard,  a.d. 
1142,  when  Heloise  applies  to  the  Abbat 
of  Cluny  for  such  a  formula,  "  ut  sepul- 
cro  ejus  suspendatur.*'  It  was  granted 
apparently  as  a  matter  of  course,  and  it 
may  Hence  be  inferred  that  the  custom 
was  not  unusual.  Another  early  usage 
was  that  of  interring  with  the  dead  earthen 
vessels  containing  holy  water  and  charcoal 
on  which  incense  had  been  sprinkled,  a 
rite  savouring  strongly  of  paganism.  These 
earthen  vessels  have  repeatedly  been  found 
in  old  interments,  and  the  practice  was 
partially  continued  down  to  the  sixteenth 
century.  In  the  Rationale  of  Durandus 
it  is  described  at  length,  and  advocated  as 
good  against  demoniac  possession.  In  the 
capitularies  of  Charlemagne  and  his  son 
Louis,  the  bishops  are  charged  to  eradi- 
cate superstitious  sepulchral  practices  pre- 
vailing in  certain  districts.  These  are  not 
further  described,  but  were  probably  the 
same  which  in  the  preceding  century  were 
forbidden  as  pagan  ceremonies,  at  the 
Council  of  Liptinae,  a.d.  743,  and  arc 
enumerated  in  the  well-known  "  Indicu- 
lus.'' 

Jan.  19.     Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Pres. 

Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide,  Philip  John 
Darell,  esq.  of  Calehill,  Kent,  Kenrick 
Robert  Henderson  Mackenzie,  esq.  of 
Mortimer-st.  Cavendish-square,  Mr.  Co- 
ryndon  Henry  Luxmoore,  of  St.  John's 
Wood -road,  surgeon-dentist,  and  Mr.  Hy. 
Glassford  Potter,  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
and  Pall  Mall  East,  surgeon,  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society;  and  Samuel  Birch, 
esq.  of  the  British  Museum,  was  re-elected. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis,  Director,  exhibited 
casts  of  two  seals,  one  of  Richard  de 
Humet,  the  other  of  William  his  son.  The 
former  is  from  a  deed  in  the  Harleian  col- 
lection, in  which  Richard  de  Humet  is 
styled  Constable  of  the  King  of  England. 
It  was,  however,  in  Normandy,  not  in 
England,  that  he  held  that  office.  He  was 
one  of  the  witnesses  to  the  accord  which 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


173 


Stephen  in  the  19th  year  of  his  reign 
made  with  Henry  Duke  of  Normandy, 
afterwards  Henry  II.  His  son  William 
succeeded  him  as  Constable  of  Normandy. 
His  seal  (preserved  in  the  Dachy  of  Lan- 
caster Office,)  so  closely  resembles  the 
former,  except  in  its  legend,  that  it  ap- 
pears to  be  impressed  from  the  same 
matrix. 

J.  Y.  Akerman,  esq.  Secretary,  com- 
municated a  note  on  the  ancient  Cemetery 
of  Kingsholm  near  Gloucester,  accompa- 
nied by  a  ground-plan,  showing  the  spots 
in  which  the  remains  of  very  early  inter- 
ments, chiefly  of  the  Roman  period,  had 
been  discovered.  Among  these  were  many 
Roman  coins  from  the  earliest  emperors 
down  to  the  period  of  the  Romans  leaving 
Britain ;  the  most  remarkable  of  which  were 
certain  pieces  in  middle-brass,  bearing  the 
head  of  Claadius,  of  colonial  fabric,  and 
possibly  coined  by  the  colonists  at  Glou- 
cester. With  regard  to  the  name  of  Kings- 
holme,  it  had  been  generaUy  attributed  to 
the  former  existence  of  an  Anglo-Saxon 
palace  on  the  spot;  but  Mr.  Akerman 
was  inclined  to  consider  it  as  a  memorial 
of  the  contemplated  single  combat  between 
Cannte  and  Edmund  Ironside,  which  is 
mentioned  in  the  chronicles.  It  is  remark- 
able that  the  Danes  gave  the  name  of 
Holmgang  to  combats  of  that  description. 

Edward  Foss,  esq.  F.S.A.  read  some 
remarks  on  the  relationship  (hitherto  un- 
known) between  Richard  Fitzjames,  bishop 
of  London,  and  the  Chief  Justice  Sir  John 
Fitzjames.  He  has  ascertained  that  the 
latter  was  nephew  to  the  former,  and  not 
a  brother  as  some  writers  have  supposed. 

Jan,  26.     Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Pres. 

A  ballot  was  taken  for  granting  a  salary 
of  200/.  to  the  Secretary,  which  was  passed 
all  but  unanimously. 

William  Sells,  esq.  of  Guildford,exhibited 
three  sketches  of  an  idol  figure,  of  Mexican 
appearance,  the  material  quartz ;  found 
some  years  ago  in  a  mountain-stream  or 
gnlley  of  the  Rio  Minho,  Clarendon  moun- 
tains, Jamaica. 

J.  Y.  Akerman,  esq.  Secretary,  com- 
municated two  historical  papers,  1.  a  letter 
from  the  Parliamentarian  colonel,  Bethell, 
dated  Scarborough,  8  Oct.  1649,  giving  an 
account  of  the  audacity  of  the  pirates  that 
at  that  lime  infested  the  Yorkshire  coast ; 
and  3.  an  order  signed  by  Major-Gen. 
Lambert,  licensing  certain  officers,  "  at- 
torneys for  the  Northern  Brigade,  and 
other  Supernumerarie  Originall  Creditors," 
to  contract  for  the  purchase  of  some  of  the 
King's  lands  in  various  counties,  dated 
27  March,  1650. 

The  Secretary  then  read  the  concluding 
remarks  of  Dr.  Lukis  on  the  Primaeval 
Monuments  of  Britain,  France,  and  the 


Channel  Islands,  which  were  the  snbject  of 
his  two  Lectures  to  the  Society  in  the 
spring  of  last  year.  (See  our  vol.  xxxix. 
p.  412.) 

THE  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTE. 

Dec.  2.    The  Hon.  Richard  NeviUe,  V.P. 

The  Rev.  G.  Tucker,  Rector  of  Mus- 
bury,  Devon,  communicated  an  account  of 
a  tessellated  pavement  discovered  by  him 
at  Uplyme,  in  that  county  ;  and  he  sent  a 
large  coloured  representation  of  the  floor, 
which  displays  considerable  richness  of 
design.  It  was  found  in  a  close  known 
as  the  "  Church  Field,"  in  which  exists  a 
large  heap  of  ruins  overgrown  with  brush- 
wood, and  traditionally  supposed  to  have 
been  the  site  of  a  church.  These  remains, 
however,  on  recent  examination,  proved 
to  be  those  of  a  Roman  structure.  Frag- 
ments of  urns  and  bones,  as  also  a  great 
number  of  roofing  tiles  of  pentagonal  form, 
were  found  upon  the  floor.  No  other 
vestiges  of  Roman  occupation  appear  to 
have  been  noticed  in  this  locality. 

The  Hon.  R.  NevUle  laid  before  the 
meeting  a  large  collection  of  relics  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  period,  disinterred  in  the 
course  of  his  researches  in  the  winter  of 
1853,  on  Linton  Heath,  Cambridgeshire, 
and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Bartlow, 
and  the  remarkable  sepulchral  hills  at  that 
place.  This  site  appears  to  have  been  a 
cemetery,  of  nearly  the  same  age  and  people 
as  that  investigated  so  successfully  by  Mr. 
Neville  at  Little  Wilbraham,  as  shown  in 
his  beautiful  work,  the  "  Saxon  Obsequies 
Illustrated."  The  objects  disinterred  at 
Bartlow  comprised  the  iron  weapons  of 
the  Saxon  race,  swords,  spears  of  great 
length,  knives,  &c.,  and  numerous  iron 
bosses  of  their  shields,  which  were  pro- 
bably of  wood.  The  ornaments  most 
striking  for  richness  of  workmanship  and 
perfect  preservation  are  brooches  of  gilt 
bronze,  of  large  dimensions,  chased  in  high 
relief,  and  occasionally  enriched  with  a 
kind  of  enamel.  Several  examples  occur 
of  the  remarkable  wooden  pails  mounted 
in  ornamental  frames  of  bronze,  occasion- 
ally found  with  Saxon  interments,  and  sup- 
posed by  some  antiquaries  to  have  been 
the  vessels  used  for  ale  and  mead  in  the 
carousiogs  of  that  people.  A  single  vessel, 
of  very  thin  pellucid  glass,  was  found,  ele- 
gantly fashioned,  and  bearing  some  resem- 
blance to  those  discovered  in  Kent,  pre- 
served in  Dr.  Faussett's  museum,  which 
contains  the  best  and  most  perfect  speci- 
mens of  Anglo< Saxon  glass  ever  brought 
together  in  England.  Numerous  minor 
personal  ornaments  were  obtained  by  Mr. 
Neville,  some  of  them  unique — beads  of 
coloured  glass,  amber,  and  crystal,  in  large 
numbers,  and  apparently  worn  by  either: 


174 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Feb. 


lex.  A  few  urns  were  also  disinterred^ 
bat  they  were  comparatively  rare.  Several 
objects,  apparently  of  Roman  workman- 
ship, with  twenty  coins  of  Vespasian  and 
later  emperors,  sufficed  to  indicate  that 
some  relics  of  the  Roman  age  had  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  the  Teutonic  invaders  of 
the  fifth  century.  The  same  fact  is  shown 
in  the  notices  of  tumuli  examined  in  Kent, 
as  related  by  Douglas  in  his  Nenia ;  and 
it  is  interesting  to  compare  the  objects 
collected  through  Mr.  Neville's  exertions 
with  the  remarkable  assemblage  of  Kentish 
antiquities  preserved  in  the  museum  of  the 
late  Dr.  Faussett.  Mr.  Neville  expressed 
his  opinion  that  the  Bartlow  cemetery 
must  be  regarded  as  that  of  a  tribe  there 
settled,  and  not,  as  some  had  conceived,  as 
the  scene  of  some  great  conflict,  such  as 
the  battle  between  Edmund  Ironside  and 
Hardicanute,  which  occurred  in  those  parts 
of  England. 

Mr.  Westmacott  stated  his  concurrence 
in  this  opinion ;  and,  after  some  remarks 
on  the  high  value  of  such  a  collection  as 
had  been  formed  by  Mr.  Neville,  and  the 
almost  total  deficiency  of  Saxon  antiquities 
in  the  British  Museum,  Mr.  Westmacott 
■aid  that  he  had  been  informed  that  the 
invaluable  Faussett  collections,  of  which 
mention  had  been  made,  had  been  offered 
at  a  very  moderate  price  to  the  Trustees  of 
the  national  depository,  and  he  was  anxious 
to  learn  whether  they  had  been  secured 
for  the  benefit  of  the  public.  In  the  con- 
versation which  ensued,  it  appeared  that 
the  Central  Committee  of  the  Institute 
had  addressed  to  the  Trustees  an  appeal 
expressive  of  their  strong  sense  of  the  im- 
portance of  those  collections,  as  an  acces- 
sion to  the  series  which  had  been  com- 
menced at  the  British  Museum,  and  their 
earnest  hope  that  the  occasion  now  offered 
might  not  be  lost.  To  this  appeal  the 
reply  had  been  received  that  there  were 
no  fUnds  available  for  making  the  purchase. 
It  was  then  unanimously  carried,  on  the 
proposition  of  Mr.  Westmacott,  seconded 
Dy  Mr.  Westwood,  that  a  requisition  should 
be  addressed  to  the  Trustees  from  the  So- 
ciety at  large,  and  prepared  forthwith  for 
signature,  in  the  hope  that  when  they  were 
made  aware  of  the  earnest  desire  of  anti- 
quaries that  so  invaluable  an  accession  to 
the  national  series  should  not  be  lost,  the 
purchase  might  be  effected  by  some  extra- 
ordinary supplies  on  the  part  of  the  Go- 
vernment. Mr.  J.  T.  Akerman  remarked 
that  a  requisition  to  the  same  purpose  had 
been  addressed  to  the  Trustees  by  the  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries;  the  assurance  had 
also  been  received  by  their  President,  Lord 
Mahon,  that,  in  the  event  of  the  porohaie 
being  effected  by  the  Museum,  Mr.  Wylie, 
who  had  formed  an  extenaive  coUection  of 


Saxon  antiquities  in  Gloucestershire,  had 
liberally  pledged  himself  to  present  tiie 
whole  to  the  British  Museum.  It  was 
further  affirmed  that  negotiations  had  been 
commenced  for  the  purchase  of  the  Faus- 
sett antiquities  for  some  foreign  collection ; 
and  it  would  be  a  disgrace  if  they  should 
be  allowed  to  leave  the  country  whilst  the 
deficiency  exists  in  the  national  depository 
which  they  are  so  well  suited  to  supply. 

Mr.  Yates  gave  an  account  of  a  remark- 
able Roman  casket,  of  bone  or  ivory,  fbund 
at  Mayence,  and  lately  brought  to  this 
country.  It  appears  to  have  been  dedi- 
cated to  Neptune,  in  honour  of  the  Impe- 
rial house,  by  Lucius  Verus,  Procurator 
of  Germany  and  Britain,  with  his  wifs  and 
sons ;  possibly  they  had  made  a  vOw  daring 
the  perils  of  some  storm  at  sea,  and  pro- 
mised a  donation  to  the  temple  of  Neptune. 

At  the  next  meeting  Mr.  Yates  produced 
a  plate  from  the  work  on  Roman  sculpture 
by  Bartoli,  which  shows  another  repre* 
sentation  of  the  subject  ooeurriog  on  the 
casket,  but  slightly  varied  in  the  gesture  of 
the  figures.  It  appears  to  be  the  rape  of 
Theophane  by  Neptune. 

Mr.  Yates  exhibited  also  a  drawing  of  a 
fine  gold  torque  found  during  the  last 
summer  at  Stanton,  Staffordshire,  and 
closely  resembling  that  in  the  possession 
of  the  Marquess  of  Westminster.  The 
weight  is  five  ounces.  The  finder,  Mr. 
Yates  stated,  when  the  buried  treasure 
was  revealed  to  view,  like  a  glittering 
serpent,  [ran  away  in  alarm,  and  it  waa 
some  time  before  he  could  summon  up 
courage  to  return  and  secure  the  prize. 

Mr.  Dickenson  sent  a  notice  of  various 
ancient  relics  lately  found  in  the  bed  of 
the  river  Sherborne,  at  Coventry,  and  now 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Hampden,  of 
Leamington.  Mr.  Westwood  brought  a 
splendid  volume  of  facsimiles  from  various 
Saxon  and  Irish  illuminated  MSS.,  and 
displaying  a  finer  series  of  illustrations  of 
the  progress  of  art,  and  peculiar  types  of 
ornamentation,  than  has  ever  been  col- 
lected. The  binding  of  this  remarkable 
book  is  enriched  with  facsimiles  of  several 
Saxon  ornaments  and  elaborate  metal- work. 
Mr.  Franks  exhibited  several  Irish  anti- 
quities of  stone,  gold,  and  bronxe,  of  forms 
unknown  in  England;  and  Mr.  Edward 
Hoare  communicated  a  notice  of  some 
specimens  of  Irish  **  ring-money,*^  of  silver, 
of  considerable  rarity,  whilst  such  rings  of 
gold  are  of  more  frequent  occurrence.  Mr. 
Bartlett  sent  some  ancient  objects  found 
at  Silchester,  mostly  of  the  Roman  age  ; 
and  Mr.  Fitch  exhibited  a  miniatnre  bronxe 
bust,  found  at  Castor,  near  Norwich,  of 
admirable  workmanship  and  design.  Mr. 
Le  Keaz  brought  a  collection  of  drawings, 
representing  Stonehenge  in  all  ita  ▼ariooa 


1854] 


The  ArchcBological  Institute. 


176 


Bipecta ;  alto  Tiews  of  buildings  and  ob- 
jeets  of  ittterest  in  Wiltohire.  Mr.  Bright 
produced  a  very  rich  brooGh,  of  the  Saxon 
age»  set  with  ruby-coloured  gems,  and 
elaborately  wrought  in  filagree  of  gold.  It 
is  supposed  to  have  been  found  in  England, 
but  the  precise  locality  has  not  been  asoer- 
tai&ed. 

Jan,  6.     In  opening  the  proceedings  of 
the  meeting,  the  noble  President,  Lord 
Talbot  de  Malahide,  took  occasion  to  ad- 
vert to  the  success  which  had  attended  the 
collections  illastratite  of  antiquity  and  art, 
in  connection  with  the  recent  Industrial 
Exhibition  at  Dublin.     He  had  witnessed 
with  great  satisfaction   the   gratification 
afforded  to  many  members  of  the  Institute 
and  other  English  antiquaries  who  had 
^ittd  Dublin,  and  availed  themselves  of 
the  opportunity,  for  the  first  time  pre- 
sented to  them,  of  examining  the  antiqui- 
ties of  the  sister  kingdom,  and  forming  a 
comparison  with  those  more  familiar  to 
them.     He  expressed  his  conviction  that 
essential  advantages  would  accrue  in  the 
extension  of  archeeological  science  from 
the  impulse  thus  given,  and  he  looked  for- 
ward with  much  pleasure  to  the  prospect 
that  on  an  early  occasion  the  Institute 
might  extend  the  range  of  their  annual 
meetings  and  visit  Dublin,  with  the  nume- 
rous archseological  attractions  i^dthin  reach 
from  that  city. 

The  Hon.  W.  Fox  Strangways  sent  an 
account  of  Castel  del  Monte,  in  Apulia, 
an  ancient  hunting- seat  of  the  Emperor 
Frederic  II.,  of  which  he  exhibited  several 
views  and  plans,  taken  by  a  Neapolitan 
artist  for  the  late  Hon.  Keppel  Craven. 
This  picturesque  structure,  which  com- 
mauds  an  extensive  view  of  the  Adriatic, 
presents  a  link  between  the  castle  and  the 
tasteful  residence  of  comparatively  peacefiil 
times.  It  is  octagonal,  with  a  central 
court,  and  the  decorations  show  an  inten- 
tional approach  to  the  classical  styles.  The 
chambers  are  partly  lined  with  marble. 

An  account  was  communicated  by  Mr. 
Spencer  Hall  and  Mr.  Hey  Dykes  of  the 
paintings  in  Pickering  Church,  Yorkshire, 
described  in  our  last  number,  at  p.  69. 

The  Rev.  £.  TroUope  produced  drawings 
of  paintings  lately  brought  to  light  in 
Raticeby  Church,  Lincolnshire.  They 
displayed  considerable  merit  in  their  de- 
sign; and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that,  like 
those  at  Pickering,  they  were  speedily  con- 
demned to  be  again  concealed  from  view. 
Mr.  West  wood  brought  a  series  of  ex- 
amples illustratife  of  the  peculiarities  in 
the  representations  of  the  Saviour  crucified, 
as  shown  by  the  earliest  works  of  sculp- 
ture and  chasings  in  metal  produced  in 
Ireland.  It  had  been  affirmed  that  scarcely 
•ny  representation  of  this  subject  exists  of 


earlier  date  than  the  ninth  century ;  Mr. 
Westwood,  however,  pointed  out  an  ex- 
ample in  Italy  as  early  as  the  fifth  century, 
together  with  certain  points  of  confbrmi^ 
between  that  and  the  designs  which  occur 
in  Ireland.  In  the  conversation  which 
ensued.  Lord  Talbot  stated  that  the  casts 
of  sculptured  crosses  which  had  excited  so 
much  attention  in  the  Dublin  Exhibition, 
as  also  the  cast  of  the  great  sculptured 
arch  of  Tuam  Cathedral,  the  circular  win- 
dow at  Rahan,  and  other  characteristip 
examples  of  architectural  decoration,  had 
been  transferred  to  the  collections  formed 
for  the  Crystal  Palace  at  Sydenham. 

Mr.  Westwood  gave  also  a  short  account 
of  a  sculptured  fragment  now  preserved  la 
tbe  Architectural  Museum,  Canon-row; 
it  is  ornamented  with  the  interlaced  ribbon- 
work  and  other  details  of  early  character. 
Mr.  Franks  stated  that  this  relic  had  been 
found  some  years  since  at  Cambridge,  in 
the  mound  on  which  the  Norman  castle 
was  placed,  and  be  expressed  the  hope  that 
it  might  be  transferred  to  the  collection 
formed  at  the  Fitzwilliam  Museum,  where 
other  curious  sculptures  found  near  the 
castle  had  been  deposited. 

Mr.  W.  Figg  sent  a  notice  of  the  dis- 
covery of  a  large  British  urn  in  a  tumulus 
near  Mount  Harry,  one  of  the  heights 
around  Lewes.  Its  form  resembles  that 
of  other  cinerary  urns  found  in  Sussex, 
but  the  impressed  ornament  is  varied. 

A  communication  from  the  Hon.  R. 
Neville  was  read,  giving  an  account  of  the 
progress  of  his  excavations  near  Audley 
End,  at  Wenden,  and  at  Chesterfora. 
Numerous  antiquities  have  been  foimd, 
and  amongst  the  coins  lately  added  to  Mr. 
Neville's  cabinet  is  one  of  Cunobeline, 
which  the  Rev.  Beale  Poste  considers  to 
be  an  unpublished  type. 

Mr.  Burtt  produced  a  remarkable  docu- 
ment, being  a  grant  to  the  monastery  of 
St.  Martin  des  Champs  at  Paris,  by  Peter 
de  Blois,  the  warrior  bishop  of  Beauvais, 
who  was  taken  prisoner  in  battle  by  Rich- 
ard Coeur  de  Lion.  This  grant,  which 
bears  his  seal,  appears  to  have  been  un- 
noticed by  French  writers. 

Mr.  Le  Keux  brought  a  vessel  of  glazed 
ware,  stated  to  have  been  found  filled  with 
coins  in  excavations  for  building  a  church 
at  Ealing.  The  labourers  who  brought  to 
light  this  treasure  had  decamped,  and  no 
clue  to  the  age  of  the  coins  could  be  ob- 
tained. 

Mr.  Farrer  exhibited  a  beautiful  ivory 
casket  of  elaborately  pierced  work,  with 
spread  eagles,  and  other  curious  ornaments. 
It  is  of  Saracenic  work,  and  appears,  by 
an  inscription  in  Cufic  character,  to  be  a 
production  of  the  tenth  century,  as  it  bears 
the  name  of  a  khalif  who  reigned  at  Cor- 


176 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


[Feb. 


dova  in  961.  Mr.  Farrer  brought  also  a 
beautiful  coffer  or  reliquary  of  gilt  metal, 
set  with  gems  and  enamels ;  it  was  recently 
brought  from  Maestricht.  Mr.  Hoare,  of 
Cork,  sent  a  representation  of  a  singular 
ring  brooch,  found  near  Galway,  and  or- 
namented with  amber  (engraved  in  our  pre- 
sent number,  p.  147.)  Mr.  Franks  exhi- 
bited a  beauti^l  dish  of  Italian  majolica, 
bearing  the  arms  of  Guidobaldo  II.,  Duke 
of  Urbino.  The  subject  represented  is 
Phalaris  placed  in  the  brazen  bull.  Mr. 
Desborough  Bedford  brought  a  curious 
vessel  of  red  ware,  of  unknown  manufac- 
ture, found  at  a  considerable  depth  near 
Haberdashers*  Hall,  in  the  city  of  London. 
Mr.  Hailstone  communicated  the  recent 
finding  of  a  seal  at  Fen  Ditton,  Cambridge- 
shire, supposed  to  have  been  used  by  a 
canon  of  the  cathedral  at  Toulouse,  in  the 
fourteenth  century.  Several  diptychs  and 
sculptured  objects  of  ivory  were  brought 
by  Mr.  Way  ;  an  impression  from  a  gold 
ring,  stated  to  have  been  found  in  one  of 
the  piers  of  old  London  Bridge,  during 
its  demolition,  and  inscribed  '*  In  God  I 
trust,''  by  Mr.  C.  Halsted  ;  and  a  singu- 
lar Spanish  seal,  in  form  of  a  blackamoor^s 
head,  of  polished  jet,  the  impress  being  a 
spread  eagle,  inscribed,  **  Eso  es  de  aguila 
reale,''  from  the  collection  of  Mr.  Rohde 
Hawkins. 


SUFFOLK  INSTITUTE  OF  ARCHiEOLOOY 
AND  NATURAL  HISTORY. 

Dec.  22.  At  the  Quarterly  General 
Meeting  the  Rev.  Lord  Arthur  Hervey, 
President  of  the  Society,  took  the  chair. 
On  the  table  were  a  number  of  interesting 
objects  of  antiquity  and  natural  history ; 
and  on  the  walls  of  the  room  were  hung 
tome  admirable  copies  and  tracings,  made 
by  Mr.  Bacon,  of  Bury,  and  Mr.  E. 
Walden,  of  the  curious  mural  paintings 
discovered  on  the  walls  of  the  nave  of 
Bardwell  church  during  the  recent  restora- 
tion of  that  edifice.  Papers  explanatory 
of  the  subjects  were  read  from  the  Rev. 
A.  P.  Dunlap,  Rector  of  Bardwell,  and  the 
Rev.  J.  W.  Burgon,  Fellow  of  Oriel  col- 
lege, Oxford.  The  stories  depicted  were 
the  Legend  of  St.  Katharine  ;  a  group  of 
Minstrels ;  the  tree  of  the  Seven  Deadly 
Sins  ;  St.  Christopher ;  the  King  of  Ter- 
rors, a  hideous  representation  of  Death ; 
and  the  Last  Judgment,  which  exhibited 
considerable  skill  and  taste.  The  three 
former  paintings  were  of  a  much  earlier 
date  than  the  latter.  The  first  represents 
the  orators  disputing  with  Saint  Katharine, 
by  order  of  the  Emperor  Maximinus;  the 
burning  of  one  of  the  converted  orators ; 
the  Saint's  exposure  to  the  torture  of  the 
wheel  and  miraculous  deliverance;  and 
finally  her  decapitation. 
8 


A  paper  on  the  Court  Leet  of  the  bo- 
rough of  Clare,  vrith  some  curious  and 
amusing  extracts  from  the  verdicts  of  the 
Headboroughs,  communicated  by  Mr.  J. 
B.  Armstead,  local  secretary,  was  also  read. 

Mr.  N.  S.  Hodson  presented  two  leaden 
sepulchral  crosses  from  the  churchyard. 
Bury  ;  a  richly-engraved  bronze  spur,  and 
other  objects  found  in  the  Botanic  Gardens. 

Mr.  C.  Downs  presented  the  metal 
framework  of  a  purse  or  bag  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  inscribed  *'  Ave  Maria  Gracia 
plena  Dominus  tecum,**  with  the  mono- 
gram IHS.  on  one  side  of  the  centre  shield, 
and  the  letter  M.  on  the  other. 

Mr.  Pace  presented  a  groat  of  Philip 
and  Mary,  of  the  first  mintage  after  their 
marriage ;  a  penny  of  King  John,  struck 
at  Dublin,  by  order  of  John  Gray,  Bishop 
of  Norwich  and  Justiciar  of  Ireland  ;  a 
penny  of  Henry  III.  being  the  first  in- 
stance of  numerals  on  any  coin  in  the 
series  of  the  Kings  of  England ;  and  ano- 
ther penny  of  the  same  monarch  of  similar 
design,  but  a  different  money er's  name. 
Both  are  of  the  second  coinage.  Mr.  Pace 
also  presented  two  pennies  of  the  first 
coinage  of  the  same  king. 

Mr.  Harriss  presented  two  local  half- 
pence :  one  of  them  of  Richard  Prime, 
grocer,  at  Berry,  1660 ;  the  other  payable 
at  Charlet  Gue8t*»,  Auctioneer,  Bury — 
with  an  arm  holding  an  auctioneer's  ham- 
mer, and  the  words  *'  Going  a  Going,  1795.** 

Mr.  Bromley  exhibited  the  original  em- 
blazoned grant  of  arms,  dated  July  28, 
1558,  from  Wm.  Hervy,  esq.  Clarencieulx 
King  of  Arms,  unto  Thomas  Huys,  of 
Kenmerton,  co.  Gloucester,  esq.  one  of 
the  Physicians  in  Ordinary  to  Queen  Mary, 
"  in  consideration  of  his  trew  and  faythfull 
seruyce  done  vnto  owr  Souereigne  Lady 
the  Queues  Ma*'* " — to  wit,  "  Gules,  a 
bend  betwene  two  demy  lyons  argent,  on 
the  bend  thre  flouredeluces  sables,  and  to 
his  crest  uppon  the  helme  a  storke  in  his 
proper  coulers,  that  is  sylver,  membryd 
and  bekyd  gules,  holding  in  his  beke  a 
mary  gold,  the  flowre  gold,  the  stalke  vert, 
standing  on  a  mownt  whereon  growyth 
wyld  margerom  vert,  on  a  wreth  argent 
and  sable  mantelyd  gules  dobled  argent." 
Also  an  original  warrant  of  Oliver  Crom- 
well for  the  immediate  payment  of  1,500/. 
to  William  Jessop,  esq.  dated  1654.  It 
has  the  signature  of  the  Lord  Protector  at 
the  head  of  the  warrant,  and  to  the  in- 
dorsement **  Our  will  and  pleasure  is  this 
passe  by  y mediate  warrant."  Four  silver 
pieces  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  found  in  1844 
on  the  removal  of  the  old  floor  of  the 
dining-room  of  Bansfield  Hall.  A  small 
bronze  figure  and  the  handle  of  some 
weapon  ornamented  with  four  faces,  which, 
as  well  as  several  Roman  coins,  were  dog 


1854.] 


Foreign  News. 


177 


up  a  few  years  since,  when  draining  in  a 
field  called  '*  Honey-comb  ''  (near  which 
there  is  said  to  have  been  a  Roman  en- 
campment), belonging  to  Mr.  Bromley,  in 
the  parish  of  Lidgate,  part  of  Wickham- 
brooK  Lodge  Farm,  and  formerly  (as  shown 
by  a  valuable  old  map,  dated  1595,  in  Mr. 
Bromley's  possession)  part  of  Badmondis- 
field  Park.  Other  Roman  relics  ate  re- 
corded as  having  been  found  in  the  same 
field  in  1788. 

Mr.  Tymms  exhibited  a  drawing  of  a 
small  golden  whistle  found  at  Newmarket 
Heath,  fourteen  years  since,  now  in  the 
possession  of  Miss  Evans,  of  Ely.  It  is 
of  fine  gold,  of  beautiful  workmanship. 


and,  from  the  enamelled  cross  on  either 
side,  may  have  been  worn  by  a  dignified 
ecclesiastic. 

Mr.  J.  Johnson  exhibited  an  enamelled 
reliquary  of  the  time  of  the  Lower  Greek 
Empire. 

Mr.  Dark  in  exhibited  two  curious  ridge- 
tiles  of  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury, surmounted  with  figures  of  a  bear 
and  his  keeper.  They  were  taken  from  a 
house  lately  pulled  down  in  Guildhall- 
street,  Bury. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Arrostead  exhibited  a  bulls, 
or  seal  of  lead,  of  Pope  Innocent  VI.  found 
in  the  churchyard  at  Clare ;  and  a  Nu- 
remberg token,  also  found  at  Clare. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


Active  operations  have  been  resumed  in 
Wallaekia.  On  the  2nd  Jan.  Gen.  Aurep 
left  Bucharest  with  22,000  men,  for  the 
purpose  of  attacking  the  Turks  at  Kalafat. 
A  contest,  which  lasted  five  days  without 
producing  any  decisive  results,  commenced 
on  the  6th  of  Jan.  by  an  attack  on  the 
part  of  the  Turks  on  the  village  of  Citate, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Kalafat,  which 
was  occupied  by  Russian  troops.  After  a 
severe  struggle  the  village  was  gained,  but 
the  victors  were  immediately  attacked  by 
a  body  of  10,000  Russians,  who  were  sent 
to  reinforce  their  countrymen.  In  the 
battle  which  ensued  the  Russians  are  said 
to  have  suffered  severely.  Their  attack 
was  unsuccessful,  and  both  hides  retired  in 
the  evening  to  their  intrenchments.  The 
engagement  was  renewed  on  the  7th,  8th, 
9th,  and  10th.  The  number  of  troops 
engaged  is  stated  at  18,000  on  the  side  of 
the  Turks,  and  about  the  same  number 
on  that  of  the  Russians.  The  loss  of  the 
latter  has  been  reported  at  1,000  killed 
and  4,000  wounded,  among  them  being 
Gen.  Aurep,  the  Russian  commander.  As 
at  Oltenitza,  the  Russian  officers  are  stated 
to  have  suffered  severely  from  the  Mini^ 
rifles  of  the  Turkish  chasseurs.  Notwith- 
standing these  repulses,  the  Russians  were 
preparing  for  an  attack  on  Kalafat  on  the 
I9th,  and  for  this  purpose  were  concen- 
trating all  their  available  force  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Krajova.  On  the  12tli  Gen. 
Engelbardt,  with  2,000  men,  crossed  the 
Danube  in  boats  from  Galatz,  ami,  having 
set  fire  to  two  Turkish  village!*,  proceeded 
to  throw  up  intrenchments.  It  lins  been 
since  reported  that  on  the  appearance  of 
Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLl. 


some  Turkish  troops  the  Russians  returned 
to  Galatz. 

The  intelligence  from  Atia  has  been  less 
favourable  of  late  to  the  Turkish  cause, 
though  nothing  is  distinctly  known  of  oc- 
currences since  the  battles  of  Akal  Tsiche 
and  Alexandropol.  The  army  is  said  to  be 
much  disorganised,  and  the  last  reports  state 
that  Kars  has  fallen  into  the  bands  of  the 
Russians.  Schamyl  has  received  a  supply 
of  arms  and  ammunition  from  Constanti- 
nople, and  is  supposed  to  be  preparing  for 
a  descent  upon  Teflis.  The  report  that 
Persia  had  declared  war  against  Turkey 
has  been  contradicted,  and  the  British 
envoy  has  resumed  diplomatic  relations 
with  that  court,  and  is  said  to  have  ac- 
quired a  paramount  influence.  The  army 
which  was  supposed  to  be  destined  to  act 
against  the  Turks, is  declared  by  the  Persian 
government  to  be  intended  only  for  the 
protection  of  their  own  frontiers. 

In  consequence  of  the  disaster  at  Sinope, 
orders  were  immediately  issued  by  the 
French  and  English  governments  that  the 
combined  fleet  should  enter  the  Black  Sea 
to  protect  the  vessels  and  shores  belonging 
to  Turkey.  The  English  frigate  Retri- 
bution was  at  the  same  time  despatched 
to  Sebastopol  to  warn  the  Russian  com- 
mander that  no  further  attacks  upon  the 
Turks  would  be  permitted  ;  but  that  no 
hostile  measures  would  be  taken  against 
the  Russian  vessels  except  in  self-defence. 
Under  the  convoy  of  the  fleets  reinforce- 
ments have  been  sent  to  Batoum  for  the 
army  of  A>ia. 

While  the  war  is  being  actively  carried 
on,  negociations  for  the  renewal  of  peace 

2  A 


178 


Domestic  Occuv^ences. 


[Feb. 


ar0  pQt  droppe4.  On  the  SSnd  Dec.  the 
Divan  i^dopted  ^he  proposals  made  by  the 
ambassadors  of  the  four  western  powefs ; 
and  the  Porte  has  signified  its  consent  to 
send  a  representative  to  treat  at  a  neutral 
capital  (not  being  Vienna)  on  the  following 
basis : — 1.  The  evacuation  of  the  princi- 
palities as  soon  as  possible.  2.  The  re- 
newal of  the  treaties.  3.  The  communica- 
tion of  the  firmans  relative  to  the  religious 
liberties  of  the  non-Mussulman  subjects 
of  the  Porte  to  the  five  powers,  includmg 
Russia.  Before  the  communication  of 
these  terms  could  have  reached  St.  Peters- 
burg, the  intelligence  of  the  entry  of  the 
fleet  into  the  31ack  Sea,  called  forth  a 
communication  from  the  Emperor,  which 
was  addressed  to  Austria,  and  to  the  effect 
that  the  Emperor  would  send  no  repre- 
sentative to  any  congress  of  the  powers, 
as  the  present  question  was  between  Russia 
and  Turkey  alone ;  but  that,  if  the  Turks 
desired  to  treat,  he  had  appointed  Prince 
Menschikoff  plenipotentiary  for  that  pur- 
pose. To  the  communication  of  the  entry 
of  the  fleets  the  Emperor  has  replied  to 
the  English  and  French  governments  by 
the  question,  whether  the  presence  of  the 
fleets  was  intended  to  be  perfectly  neutral. 
The  sole  object  of  such  a  question  would 
appear  to  be  to  throw  the  odium  of  a  de- 
claration of  war  upon  the  western  powers, 
and  thereby  sever  if  possjble  the  connec- 
tion between  them  and  the  German  courts. 

Sweden  and  Denmark  have  declared 
their  intention  to  remain  neutral  if  war 
should  ensue,  bi^t  it  is  stated  that  the 
Emperor  of  Russia  has  notified  to  the  latter 
state  that  it  must  take  one  side  or  the 
other. 

Baden, — Negotiations  have  taken  place 
concerning  the  controversy  that  has  sprung 
up  between  the  Government  and  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Freiburg,  under  the  auspices  of 
Austria.  The  Baden  envoy,  Herr  von 
Meyseoberg,  a  Roman  Catholic  himself, 
went  to  Vienna  to  confer  with  the  Austrian 
Nuncio.  The  priests  who  were  arrested 
on  the  24th  Dec.  for  having  obeyed  the 
Archbishop,  were  released  before  the  term 
of  their  imprisonment  had  expired,  to 
enable  them  to  perform  their  pastoral 
duties  during  the  Christmas  festival.  On 
the  opening  of  the  Diet  the  Regent  ex- 


pressed a  hope  that  the  differences  were 
likely  to  be  accommodated ;  but  it  is  since 
stated  that  the  negotiations  have  been  un- 
successful, the  Archbishop  having  refused 
to  abate  an  iota  of  his  pretensions. 

Turtr^y  Dec,  31. — There  have  been  some 
rather  serious  disturbances  in  the  Val 
d*Aosta.  The  ostensible  ground  of  the 
movement  was  opposition  to  the  property- 
tax  recently  imposed  by  the  Government. 
The  body  of  insurgents  marphed  upon 
Aosta.  But  early  intelli(;ence  of  the  move- 
ment having  reached  the  Intendente  of 
Ivrea,  he  proceeded  at  once  with  a  body  of 
sharpshooters  and  a  few  gendarmes,  and 
with  the  assistance  of  the  Bishop  of  Aosta 
induced  the  rabble  to  lay  down  their  arms, 
without  any  conflict  actually  taking  place. 
About  200  of  the  most  active  of  them 
were  arrested,  and  among  them  6  priests. 
Order  is  now  quite  re-established. 

iSpain. — On  the  5th  of  January  the 
Queen  of  Spain  was  safely  delivered  of  a 
daughter,  and  has  since  been  doing  well, 
but  the  Infanta  died  on  the  8th.  A  sort 
of  coup  d'^Hat  has  been  executed  by  the 
Ministry  in  the  arrest  of  several  leaders 
of  the  opposition. 

United  States. — The  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  has  given  notice  that  he  would  re- 
deem up  to  the  1st  June  next,  67,000,000 
of  United  States'  Stocks.  On  the  3d.  Jan. 
some  correspondence  on  the  Bulwer  and 
Clayton  treaty  was  presented  to  the  Senate. 
General  Cass  s  resolutions  on  this  subject 
were  brought  up  in  the  Senate  on  the  10th; 
much  debate  ensued,  which  was  not  coYi* 
eluded  at  the  date  of  our  last  advices.  We 
hear  of  the  probable  departure  of  another 
expedition  for  Cuba,  it  is  stated  that  it 
will  consist  of  two  detachments — one  to 
leave  New  Vork  and  the  other  to  start 
from  New  Orleans. 

Jamaica. — Prior  to  the  adjournment  for 
the  Christmas  recess,  the  Assembly  deter- 
mined that  a  Bill  should  be  introduced 
authorising  the  Governor  to  appoint  two 
or  three  gentlemen  from  the  Assembly  and 
one  from  the  Council  to  act  as  Ministers  ; 
each  gentleman  is  to  receive  800/.  per 
annum,  and  500/.  are  to  be  allowed  the 
Ministry  for  the  expenses  of  office.  This 
scheme  seems  to  have  given  very  general 
satisfaction. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


Proposed  Removal  of  Thirty  City 
Churches. — The  Bishop  of  London  has 
approved  a  plan  which  has  been  submitted 
to  him  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Hume,  M.A* 
Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Wood-street,  for 
niBOfing  some  of  the  churches  in  the  City 


with  a  view  to  a  supply  of  some  of  the 
suburbs.  The  reverend  gentleman  states 
that  a  small  number  only  of  the  City 
churches  have  considerable  and  encou- 
raging congregations,  two  or  three  of  them 
amounting  to  nearly  300,    On  tb«  oU^v 


1854.] 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


in 


hand,  the  attendance  at  some  falls  below 
16,  and  there  are  many  at  which  it  does 
not  amount  to  50 — the  average  attendance 
at  the  churches  proposed  to  be  removed 
being  only  33.  While  such  is  the  state 
of  things  in  tjiie  City,  it  has  been  shown 
by  a  return  made  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons by  the  sub-division  of  parish  com- 
missioners that  no  fewer  than  58  new 
churches  are  required  in  the  diocese  of 
London.  Of  this  number  49  are  required 
for  the  metropolitan  district  and  immediate 
suburbs,  and  nine  for  towns  and  districts 
within  eight  miles  of  St.  Paul's.  Mr. 
Hume  contends  that  less  than  20  churches 
would  meet  the  wants  of  the  population 
resident  within  the  City  of  London  Union, 
and  consequently  at  least  38  churches 
might  be  advantageously  taken  down  and 
rebuilt  in  such  other  parts  of  the  metro- 
polis and  its  environs  as  are  deficient  in 
church  accommodation. 

The  following  are  the  details  of  the 
plan  : — The  number  of  Churches  proposed 
to  be  dealt  with  is  50 ;  it  is  proposed  to 
remove  (at  present)  30,  and  to  retain  20 — 
the  parishes  whose  churches  are  moved  to 
be  consolidated  with  those  which  are  left 
standing.  In  arranging  the  incomes  for 
the  consolidated  parishes,  the  rule  would 
be  this  : — To  every  parish  the  population 
of  which  exceeds  1,000,  450/.  per  annum 
to  be  assigned  ;  for  every  additional  100 
parishioners  add  12/.  a-year.  The  aggre- 
gate income  of  the  50  churches  is  20,560/.; 
the  aggregate  income  of  the  20  proposed 
consolidated  parishes  would  be  11,353/.; 
there  would  remain  to  the  30  churches  to 
be  removed  y,207/.  giving  3Q6/.  and  a 
fraction  for  each.  The  additional  sum  re- 
quired to  make  up  a  sufficient  income  for 
a  clergyman,  from  500/.  to  700/.,  should 
be  made  up  in  the  new  locality  to  which 
the  church  is  removed. 

In  the  following  list  the  first  church  in 
every  group  is  that  wbich  it  is  suggested 
should '  be  retained  as  the  sole  parish 
church  of  the  consolidated  parishes ;  the 
others  in  each  group  wouldf  then  be  re- 
moved to  some  other  part  of  the  metro- 
polis, or  suburbs  : — 1.  St.  Vedast's  Foster- 
lane  ;  St  Michael's  Wood-street  ;  St. 
Ann's  and  St.  Agnes.  2.  St.  Lawrence 
Jewry ;  St.  Michael  Bassishaw.  3.  St. 
Faith's  ;     St.     Matthew's    Friday-street. 

4.  St.  Benet's  Paurs-wharf;  St.  Mary 
Northaw  ;     St.     Nicholas    Cole    Abbey. 

5.  St.  Mary's  Old  Fish-street-hill.  6.  St. 
James's  Garlick-hill;  St.  Michael's  Queen- 
hilhe.  7.  St.  Stephen's  Coleman-strcet. 
8.  St.  Margaret's  Lothbury ;  St.  01ave*8 
Jewry;  St.  Peter-le-Poer,  and  St.  Mil- 
dred's Poultry.  9.  St.  Stephen's  Wal- 
brook  ;  St.  Mary's  Abchurch-lane ;  St. 
Swithin's.    10.  St.  Mary's  Woolnoth ;  St. 


Edmund  King  ;  AUhallows  Lombard- 
street ;  St.  Clement's  Eastcheap.  II.  St 
Mary-le-Bow ;  AUhallows  Bread-street; 
St.  Mildred's  Bread-street ;  St.  Maty 
Aldermary  ;  St.  Antholin's.  12.  AUhal- 
lows Great  and  Less  ;  St.  Michael  Royal. 

13.  StDunstan'sEast;  St  Mary-at-Hill. 

14.  St.  Magnus  Martyr;  St  George's 
Botolph-lane.  15.  St.  Andrew  Under- 
shaft;  Great  St.  Helen's.  16.  St  OIave*S 
Hart-street ;  St.  Katharine  Coleman  ;  All- 
hallows  Staining.  17.  St  Dionis  Back- 
church  ;  St.  Benet's  Gracechurch-strcei ; 
St.  Margaret  Pattens.  18.  St.  Mary  Al- 
dermanbury;  St.  Michael's  Wood-street. 
19.  St.  Michael's  CornhUl ;  St  Petfer'ij 
Cornhill ;  St.  Martin  Outwich.  20.  St. 
Katharine  Crce.  The  Churches  withiti 
the  City  which  are  not  to  be  interfered 
with  are  the  following : — St.  Bride's  Fleet- 
street  ;  St.  Andrew's  Holborn ;  St  Dhii- 
stan's  West ;  St  Anne's  Blackfriars ;  St. 
Sepulchre  Snow-hill;  AUhallows  Barking; 
St.  Alphage's;  St  Bar tholomew-the- Great; 
Chrlstchurch  Newgate-street  ;  and  St. 
Martin's  Ludgate. 

Inasmuch  as  the  presentation  to  t1i<i 
churches  proposed  to  be  dealt  with  is  Itt 
different  hands,  it  is  suggested  that  eacH 
patron  shall  have  a  turn  of  presentation. 
The  patrons  of  the  churches  left  standing 
wiU  present  to  them  on  each  vacancy  id 
the  order  they  do  now.  The  patronage, 
however,  wUl  be  more  valuable ;  as,  tii($ 
parish  being  a  consolidation  of  two  or 
more  existing  parishes,  the  income  wiU  b6 
increased  to  the  amount  of  500/.  or  600/. 
a-year.  The  patrons  of  the  churches  to 
be  removed  will  present  to  them  in  thi^ 
order  they  do  now,  the  only  difference  will 
be,  that  they  wiU  ai)point  to  those  churchei 
for  new  localities,  and  with  increased  in- 
comes. This  may  be  made  still  plainer 
by  supposing  a  case.  It  might  be  decidect 
to  remove  St.  Alban's  Wood-street,  add 
St.  Michael  Bassishaw,  and  to  leave  St. 
Mary's  Aldermanbury  standing  to  be  thel 
parish  church  for  the  three  consoUdated 
parishes.  Tlie  particulars  of  these  thr^ 
parishes  at  present  are  : — St.  Michael  Bas- 
sishaw, patrons,  0ean  and  Chapter  of  St. 
Paul's,  value  230/. ;  St.  Mary  Alderman- 
bury, patrons,  parishioners,  value  255/.  ; 
St.  Alban's  Wood-street,  patrons,  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's  and  Eton  Col- 
lege alternately,  value  247/.  When  these 
three  parishes  are  united  into  one,  to  b6 
still  called  St  Mary's  Aldermanbury,  and 
St.  Michael's  is  removed  with  its  incum^ 
bent  to  Paddington,  and  St  Alban's  t6 
Stepney,  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St. 
Paul's  will  present  on  every  vacancy  to 
St.  Michael's  Paddington,  with  a  house, 
and  the  income  guaranteed  from  resources 
in  its  new  locality  to  600/.  a-year,  wiCh  • 


180 


Domestic  Occun'ences. 


[Feb. 


considerable  parish,  and  a  good  congrega- 
tion. The  parishioners  will  still  regularly 
present  to  St  Mary  Aidermanbury,  with 
an  income  made  up  from  part  of  the  tithes 
of  the  other  parishes  to  600/.  and  house- 
rent.  And  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St. 
Paul's  and  Eton  College  will  alternately 
present  to  St.  Alban*s  Stepney,  the  income 
of  which  will  also  be  increased  from  local 
reyenues  to  600/.  a-year,  with  the  addition 
of  a  rectory -house. 

The  advantages  of  the  scheme,  the  prin- 
ciple of  which  has  received  the  assent  of 
the  Prime  Minister  and  the  Diocesan,  are 
stated  to  be  the  following: — 1.  The  ano- 
malous position  of  the  Church  in  the  city 
would  be  diminished.  2.  The  want  of 
spiritual  instruction  from  which  many  dis- 
tricts are  suffering  would,  to  a  considerable 
extent,  be  supplied.  3.  The  clergy  in  the 
city,  who  have  nominal  cures  and  small 
congregations,  would  have  real  charges  and 
large  congregations.  4.  The  city  clergy 
remaining  would  have  larger  incomes  than 
they  had  before.  5.  The  city  clergy  re- 
moved would  obtain  comfortable  houses, 
larger  incomes,  large  congregations,  and 
real  pastoral  charges.  6.  The  new  parishes 
or  districts  would  get  good  churches  with- 
out the  expense  of  building  them,  and 
ministers  to  whom  they  would  only  pay 
part  of  a  sufficient  income. 

In  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Times  dated 
Jan.  10,  the  Bishop  of  London  desires  it 
to  be  understood  that,  whilst  he  has  ex- 
pressed his  approval  of  the  principle  which 
the  proposal  embodies,  he  has  not  sanc- 
tioned any  plan  with  regard  to  the  number 
of  churches  to  which  it  may  be  applied. 
"  That  principle  is  (he  states)  that,  in  any 
case  where  it  can  be  clearly  shown  that  a 
church  is  not  required,  it  may  be  advan- 
tageously removed  to  a  place  where  it  is. 
Each  particular  case  must,  of  course,  be 
dealt  with  by  itself,  after  careful  inquiry, 
and  with  full  consideration  of  all  its  cir- 
cumstances.'' 

"  The  Catholic  and  Apostolic  Church." 
In  the  Parliamentary  volume  just  published 
on  religious  worship  an  account  is  given 
of  this  body,  which  has  erected  a  splendid 
Cathedral  in  Gordon -square,  St.  Pancras. 
In  England  there  were,  at  the  time  of  the 
census,  about  30  congregations,  comprising 
nearly  6,000  communicants,  and  the  num- 
ber was  then  gradually  on  the  increase. 
There  were  also  congregations  in  Scotland 
and  Ireland,  a  considerable  number  in 
Germany,  and  several  in  France  and  Ame- 
rica. The  body  to  which  the  name  "  Ca- 
tholic and  Apostolic  Church"  is  applied, 
makes  no  exclusive  claim  to  it ;  they  simply 
object  to  be  called  by  any  other.  They 
acknowledge  it  to  be  the  common  title  of 
the  one  Church,  baptized  into  Christ,  which 


has  existed  in  all  ages,  and  of  which  they 
claim  to  be  members.  They  have  always 
protested  against  the  application  to  them 
of  the  term  "  Irvingites,"  which  appella- 
tion they  consider  to  be  untrue  and  offen- 
sive, though  derived  from  one  who  when 
living  they  held  in  high  regard  as  a  de- 
voted minister  of  Christ.  Tbe  attendance 
on  Census  Sunday  (30th  of  March,  1851) 
was  morning,  3,176;  afternoon,  1,659; 
and  evening,  2,707.  The  new  church  was 
opened  for  worship  on  the  Ist  Jan.  1854. 
The  chief  officer  of  the  church — "The 
Angel,"  as  he  is  termed,  was  magnificently 
clad,  wearing  a  purple  cape,  the  colour 
denoting  authority.  The  next  order  of 
the  ministry,  designated  "  Prophets," 
wore  blue  stoles,  typical  of  the  skies, 
whence  they  are  supposed  to  draw  their 
inspiration.  Following  these  were  "  Evan- 
gelists," habited  in  red,  the  colour  de- 
noting the  blood  which  flowed  on  the 
Cross.  Then  came  Pasturs,  Elders,  and 
other  officers.  A  liturgy  is  used  very 
similar  to  that  of  the  Church  of  England. 
A  sermon  was  preached  by  one  of  the 
Elders.  Attached  to  the  church  is  a  small 
but  very  elegant  chapel,  to  be  used  on  rare 
occasions,  and  which  was  raised  by  the 
piety  of  two  ladies,  who  contributed  the 
munificent  sum  of  4000/.  in  aid  of  the 
work.  The  chief  beauty  of  the  church, 
however,  is  the  altar,  which  is  carved  out 
of  all  sorts  of  coloured  marble,  and  is 
superbly  decorated.  Those  who  join  this 
church  offer  a  tenth  part  of  their  annual 
income  towards  its  support  and  extension. 
Amongst  the  office-bearers  are, — Admiral 
Gambler;  Mr.  H.  Drummond,  M.P. ;  the 
Hon.  Henry  Parnell ;  Mr.  J.  P.  Knight, 
R.A. ;  Mr.  Cooke,  a  barrister ;  and  Major 
Macdonald ;  while  Lady  Dawson,  Lady 
Bateman,  Lady  Anderson,  and  other  ladies 
of  distinction,  are  amongst  its  members. 

Roman  Catholics, — According  to  the 
census  tables  on  religious  worship,  there 
were  in  1853  1 1  colleges  and  88  religious 
houses,  of  which  15  were  for  men  and  13 
for  women,  while  the  number  of  the  priests 
was  875.  The  estimated  attendance  on 
Census  Sunday  was— morning,  352,783  ; 
afternoon,  53,967;  and  evening,  76,880. 

Jan.  2.  The  new  Victoria  Bridge  at 
Glasgow  was  opened  for  traffic  by  the  Lord 
Provost  and  other  officials.  This  bridge, 
the  most  spacious  bridge  in  the  British 
dominions,  reflects  no  small  credit  on  Mr. 
Walker,  divil  engineer,  of  London,  and  its 
builder,  Mr.  W.  York.  It  stands  upon 
the  site  of  Stockwell-bridge,  (built  in  1345,) 
which  for  centuries  was  the  only  bridge 
over  the  Clyde  at  Glasgow,  and  formed  the 
principal  line  of  communication  between 
the  western  counties  and  the  south.  Vic- 
toria-bridge is  built  of  granite,  and  consists 


1854.] 


Promotions  and  Preferments. 


181 


of  five  great  arches,  each  a  very  flat  seg- 
ment of  a  circle,  the  span  of  the  centre 
arch  being  no  less  than  80  feet,  and  the 
roadway  fully  60  feet  wide  within  the 
parapets.  (London  Bridge  is  53  feet  wide, 
Soathwark  and  Waterloo  42,  and  West- 
minster 41.)  The  length  of  the  piers  at 
the  foundation  is  80  feet.  It  is  altogether 
considered  a  more  massive  work  than  the 
Broomielaw-bridge  adjoining,  which  was 
built  by  Telfer. 

Jan.  3.  This  morning,  at  half  p.  5, 
a  serious  failure  occurred  in  the  Docks  at 
Southampton.  A  large  portion  of  the  wall 
on  the  north-east  side  of  the  Old  Dock,  or 
tidal  basin,  124  feet  in  length  and  five  feet 
thick,  suddenly  gave  way,  and  slid  into  the 
basin,  carrying  with  it  the  lofty  shears, 
which  cost  1300/.  when  erected  ten  years 
ago.  The  wall  itself  was  one  year  older. 
Mr.  Alfred  Giles,  the  engineer  to  the 
Company,  has  estimated  that  the  cost  of 
reinstating  the  works  will  be  about  10,000/. 

Jan.  21.  The  John  Tayieur,  a  ship  of 
more  than  2000  tons  burden,  carrying  a 
valuable  cargo,  and  freighted  with  nearly 
600  emigrants,  which  had  sailed  from 
Liverpool  for  Australia  on  the  19th,  was 
wrecked  on  the  Nose  of  Lambay  island, 
near  Dublin,  and  immediately  broke  to 
pieces.  She  was  constructed  of  iron,  and 
entirely  new.  The  most  accurate  accounts 
give  660  as  the  whole  number  of  souls  on 
board,  of  whom  only  282  were  saved.  Of 
250  women  and  children  all  but  three  were 
drowned. 

Middlesex  Hospital. — During  the  last 
autumn  this  hospital  has  been  again  con- 
siderably enlarged.  Two  wards  have  been 
added  to  the  female  cancer  establishment, 
and  room  has  been  provided  for  an  in- 
creased number  of  male  cancer  patients. 


The  enlargement  of  this  branch  of  the 
charity  has  been  made  in  order  to  carry 
out  the  beneficent  intentions  of  the  late 
Sir  Joseph  de  Courcy  LafTan,  Bart.,  who, 
by  his  will,  desired  that  the  remainder  of 
his  personal  property  should  be  laid  out  in 
the  purchase  of  an  annual  income  in  the 
3  per  Cent.  Consols,  for  the  purpose  of  a 
Cancer  Ward  in  the  Middlesex  Hospital. 
In  consequence  of  the  general  enlargement 
and  improvement  the  Hospital  is  ren- 
dered capable  of  receiving  310  in-patients. 
During  the  last  year  the  total  number  of 
2,305  in-patients,  and  12,622  out-door 
patients,  received  relief  from  the  institu- 
tion. 

Land  occupied  by  Railways. — Out  of 
8,537,763  acres  of  land  in  the  several  coun- 
ties in  England,  61,496  acres  are  occupied 
by  railways  ;  and  in  Wales,  out  of  639,427 
acres,  3,550  acres  are  so  occupied. 

Ireland. — At  the  recent  meeting  of  the 
Irish  Church  Mission  Society,  the  Rev.  E. 
Bickersteth  made  the  following  statement : 
— "  It  had  been  confidently  stated,  and  on 
no  less  authority  than  that  of  the  Bishop 
of  Ossory  himself,  that  there  had  been  not 
less  than  30,000  converts  from  Romanism 
within  the  last  few  years  in  Ireland.  There 
had  unquestionably  been  that  number  of 
converts  who  had  come  out  from  Roman- 
ism during  the  last  four  or  five  years,  and 
adopted  the  creed  of  the  Scriptures,  which 
w^as  the  creed  of  Protestants  ;  but  he  be- 
lieved, at  the  same  time,  that  that  number 
was  a  most  inadequate  representation  of 
the  real  extent  of  the  work  ;  and  that, 
when  they  spoke  of  30,000  known  con- 
verts, they  might  take  that  fact  as  by 
itself  an  indication  of  many  thousands 
more  of  whom  they  knew  nothing." 


PROxMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Preferments. 

Dec  13.  Niven  Moore,  esq.,  now  Consul  at 
Beyrout,  to  be  Consul-Geiieral  in  Syria. 

Dec.  71.  Robert  Macfarlane,  esq.  advocate, 
to  be  SheriflTof  the  shire  of  Renfrew. 

Dee.  23.  The  Hon.  Henry  Elliot,  now  Secre- 
tary of  Legation  at  the  Hai^ue,  to  be  Secretary 
of  Legation  at  Vienna.— 60lh  Foot,  Major  C.  H. 
Spence  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt.  the  Hon. 
H.  L.  Powys  to  be  Major.— 63d  Foot,  Major 
E.  S.  T.  Swyny  to  be  Lieut.  Colonel ;  Capt. 
Patrick  Lindesay  to  be  Major.- Staff,  Lieut.- 
Col.  A.  C.  V.  Pole,  from  63d  Foot,  to  be  In- 
specting  Field  Officer  of  a  Recruiting  District, 
vice  Lieut.-C^l.  J.  Stoyte,  who  exchanges. 

Dec.  34.  John  Bowring,  es(|.,  now  Consul 
at  Canton,  to  be  Plenipotentiary  and  Chief 
Superintendent  of  British  Trade  in  China. 

Dec.  37.  Joseph  Burnley  Hume,  esq.  bar- 
rister-at-law,   John    Simon,   esq.,  and   John 


Frederic  Bateman,  esq.,  to  be  Commissioners 
for  inquiring  into  the  causes  which  have  led 
to  and  have  aj^gravated  the  late  outbreak  of 
cholera  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Gateshead, 
and  Tynemouth. 

Dec.  30.  4th  Foot,  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  John 
Bell,  K.C.B  ,  from  9Sth  Regt.  to  be  Colonel.— 
20th  Foot,  Maior-Gen.  Nathaniel  Thorn,  C.B. 
to  be  Colonel.— 95th  Foot,  Major-Gen.  Sir 
Francis  Cockburn  to  be  Colonel.— 14th  Light 
Dragoons,  brevet  Major  William  VVilmer  to  be 
Major.— 20th  Foot,  Capt.  F.  C.  Evelejfh  to  be 
Major.— S4th  Foot,  Lieut. -Col.  C.  F.  Maxwell, 
from  82d  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel.  —  68th 
Foot,  Major  Henry  Smyth  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel ; 
Capt.  H.  G.  Wynne  to  be  Major.— 82d  Foot, 
Lieut.-Col.  Nicholas  R.  Brown,  from  34tli  Foot, 
to  be  Lieut.-Colonel.— 67th  Foot,  Capt.  Alex. 
Murray  to  be  Major.— Ceylon  Rifle  Regt.  Major 
Lord  Mark  Kerr,  from  20th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel. 


182 


Ecclesiastical  Prefei^ments. 


[Feb. 


8d  Middlesex  Militia,  Capt.  J.  J.  Olossop  to 
be  Major.— 6th  West  Yoric  Militia,  Mi^or 
Charles  Hind,  late  of  45tli  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Commandant. 

Jan.  4.  Lieut.-Col.  Conyngbam,  h.  p.  51st 
Lig^ht  Inf.  to  be  Aide-de-Carop  to  Lord  Har* 
dinge,  vice  Capt.  the  Earl  of  March,  res.— 
Capt.  Robert  Bickerstaff  ^Carabineers)  and 
Lieut.  W.  H.  Orme  (3d  Lig^ht  Dragoons)  to  be 
Aides-de-Camp  to  Major-Gen.  Jackson,  K.H. 
Commander  of  the  Forces  at  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope. 

Jan.  f).  ad  West  India  Regt.  Major  S.  J. 
Hill  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt.  John  Miller 
to  be  Major.— Hospital  Staff,  Staff-Surgeon  of 
the  First  Class  Charles  Whyte  to  be  Deputy 
Inspector-General  of  Hospitals.— Bretet  Capt. 
6.  F.  Duckett,  of  3d  West  India  Regt.,  to  be 


10.    John  Bowring,  esq.  to  be  Governor 


Major  in  the  Army. 

Jan.  10.  John  Bownng,  esq. 
and  Commander- in-Chief  of  Hongkong  and  its 
dependencies.  — Willoughby  Shortland,  esq. 
(some  time  President  and  Senior  Member  of 
Council  of  Nevis,)  to  be  Lieut.-Qovernor  of 
Tobago —Frederick  Seymour,  esq.  to  be  Pre- 
sident and  Senior  Member  of  Council  of  Nevis. 
William  Robert  Ipglis,  esq.  to  be  President  of 
Council  of  the  Turks  and  Caicos  Islands.— 
George  Cream,  esq.  to  be  surgeon  and  medical 
attendant  of  the  convict  settlement  at  Mas- 
serony,  British  Guiana.— To  be  members  of 
the  Legislative  Council  of  Victoria:  Hugh 
Culling  Kardley  Childers,  es<i.,  John  Vesey 
Fitzgerald  Foster,  commonly  called  John  Fitz- 
gerald Leslie  Foster,  esq.,  James  Horatio  Nel- 
son Casseli,  esq.,  Andrew  Clarke,  esq.,  William 
Henry  Fanconrt  Mitchell,  esq.,  William  Henry 
Wright,  esq.,  James  Graham,  esq.,  William 
Hignett,  esq..  Dr.  Andrew  Aldcorn,  £dward 
^tone  Parker,  esq.,  and  Andrew  Halley  Knight, 
esq.— Lieut.  William  Langdon,  R.N.  to  be  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Van 
Diemen*s  Land. — David  C.  Smith,  esq.  to  be  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the  Turks 
and  Caicos  Islanos— Earl  Spencer.  K.G.  to  be 
Lord  Steward  of  Her  Majesty's  Household, 
vice  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  resigned. 

Jan.  11.  Charles  Elliot,  esq.  Capt.  R.N. 
(now  Governor  of  the  Bermudas,)  to  be  Go- 
vernor and  (Commander-in-Chief  of  Trinidad. 

Jan.  13.  Unattached.  Capt.  J.  P.  Hardy, 
from  58th  Foot,  to  be  Major.— Deputy  (Com- 
missary-General Henry  James  Wild  to  be 
Commissary-General. 

Jan.  23.  Wm.  H.  F.  Cavendish,  esq.  to  be 
one  of  the  Grooms  in  Waiting  in  Ordmary  to 
her  Majesty,  tnce  Lieut.-Col.  Hoyle. 

Jan.  25.  Cuthbert  VAvr.  Ellison,  esq.  to  be 
A  Police  Magistrate  and  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  Newcastle-upon-Tvnc. 

Jan.  27.  Lieut.  Andrew  Clarke,  R.  Eng.,  to 
be  Surveyor-General  for  the  colony  of  Victoria. 


Viscount  Melville,  K.C.B.  to  command  the 
Sirhind  division,  in  the  room  of  the  hite  Ge- 
neral Godwin,  C.B. 

John  Ck}lvin,  esq.  late  Judge  of  the  Sudder 
Adawlut,  and  Commissioner  for  the  Tenas- 
serim  Provinces,  to  be  Lient.-Governor  of  the 
North- West  Provinces  of  India. 


Naval  Preferments. 

Dec.  19.  Capt.  R.  L.  Warren  to  command 
tIkeCressy  80,  screw-steamship,  commissioned 
it  Sheerness. 

Dec.  21.  Comm.  John  W.  Dorville  to  the 
Cressy. 

Dec.  23.  Capt.  Thomas  S.  Brock  additional 
to  the  Britannia  120,  flagship  on  the  Mediter- 
nnean  station. 

Dee.  28.  Capt.  John  Shepherd  (1840)  to  the 
Fiagard  flagship,  for  service  aa  Commodore- 


Superintendent  of  Woolwich  Dockyard.— Capt. 
George  Ramsay  to  the  Euryalus  SO,  screw 
steam-frigate,  commissioned  at  Chatham.— 
Capt.  Sir  Fred.  W.  E.  Nicolson,  Bart,  to  the 
Pique  40,  commissioned  at  Devonport.— Capt. 
A.  P.  Ryder,  to  the  Dauntless  24,  screw  steam- 
frigate,  commissioned  at  Portsmouth.— (Capt. 
Chas.  Graham,  C.B.  to  be  Naval  Aide-decamp 
to  the  Queen. 

To  be  Captains.— George  A.  Bedford,  James 
N.  Strange,  James  Stoddart,  and  George  A. 
Seymour. 

To  be  Commanders.— Frederick  H.  Stevens, 
George  P.  Mends,  Charles  H.  May,  Fred.  A.  B. 
Craufurd,  and  Francis  H.  Shortt. 

To  be  Captains  on  the  Reserved  List.— R.  S. 
Hay,  W.  C.  Browne.  Felix  Edwin,  J.  L.  Parkin, 
S.  C.  Umfreville,  H.  D.  Twysden,  T.  P.  Dobree, 
T.  Baldock,  and  H.  M.  EUicombe. 

To  be  (Commanders  on  the  Reserved  List.— 
W.  P.  Newenham,  H.  J.  Clifford. Thos.  Strover, 
John  Bowden,  William  Luce,  Henry  Lawless, 
John  Parsons.  G.  Raymond,  and  Peter  Barnes. 

Jan.  6.  (Comm.  W.  H.  Kennedy,  to  be  Post 
Captain. 

Jan.  16.  Lieut.  Wm.  Greet,  commanding  the 
Crocodile  8,  receiving  ship,  to  be  Commander. 

Jan.  17.  Capt.  Sir  Thomas  Maitland,  C.B. 
to  command  the  Excellent  guonery-ship  at 
Portsmouth. 

Jan.  19.  Rear-Adm.  Sir  James  Stirling,  to 
be  Commander-in-chief  on  the  East  Indies 
station.— Capt.  J.  C.  Dalrymple  Hay  (1860)  to 
be  Flag-CCaptain  at  Portsmouth. 

Jan.  20.  Capt.  George  Elliot  to  command  the 
James  Watt  90,  screw  steam-sloop,  commis- 
sioned at  Devonport.— Capt.  Robert  Harris,  to 
command  the  Illustrious  72,  commissioned  at 
Portsmouth. 

Jan.  21.  Adm.  James  (Carthew  to  receive  a 
pension  of  190/.  and  to  be  removed  to  the  re- 
served half-pay  list}  Vice-Adm.  Sir  J.  A.  Gor- 
don, K.C.B.  to  be  Admiral  of  the  Blue;  Rear- 
Adm.  Sir  Phipps  Hornby.  K.C.B.  to  be  Vice- 
Admiral  of  tne  Blue;  Capt.  Sir  George  R. 
Lambert,  K.C.B.  to  be  Rear-Admiral  of  the 
Blue ;  (Captains  John  Gore  and  Charles  Bbwer 
to  be  retired  Rear-Admirals  on  the  terms  pro- 
posed 1  Sept.  1816. 


Ecclesiastical  Prbfermbnts. 

Rev.  J.  Aldous,  Wicker  P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  A.  E.  Aldridge,  Worton  w.  Marston  P.C. 

Wilts. 
Rev.  R.  Allen,  St.  James  P.C.  Halifax,  Yorksh. 
Rev.  J.  Anderson,  Lea  Marston  P.C.  Warw. 
Rev.  D.  N.  Aston,  St.  Silas  P.C.  Lozells.  Warw. 
Rev.  J.  E.  Austen-Leigh,  Bray  V.  Berks. 
Rev.  H.  F.  Bacon,  Castleton  V.  Derb. 
Rev.  H.  A.  Barrett,  Chedgrave  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  L.  C.  Bathurst,  Wytholl  P.C.  Wore. 
Rev.  E.  Bayley.  Woborn  P.C.  Btda. 
Rev.  F.  Bennett,  Shrewton  V.  Wilts. 
Rev.  J.  T.  Bennett,  St.  Mary  Aldermary  w.  St. 

Thomas  the  Apostle  R.  London. 
Rev.  W.  M.  Beresford,  Walton  PC.  Bocks. 
Rev.  G.    M.  firaone.  Long  Acre  Episcopal 

Chapel.  London. 
Rev.  B.  G.  Bridges,  Blankney  R.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  A.  Brooks,  Bast  Retford  V.  Notts. 
Rev.  F.  Broome,  Adderley  R.  Salop. 
Rev.  W.  R.  Brown,  Cottered  R.  w.  Broadfield 

R.  Herts. 
Rev.  G.  Burd,  Sheinton  R.  Salop. 
Rev.  H.  Butler,  Villierstown  Chapel  P.C.  dio. 

Cashel. 
Rev.  H.  Caddell,  Atwick  V.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  T.  Caine,  Kirk-Lonan  V.  Isle  of  Man. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Comptoo,  Kidmore-End  P.C.  Berks. 
Rev.  S.  (Cooke,  Faston  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  J.  Crofts,  Little  Tey  R.  Essex. 
Rer.  W.  Cnmby,  Beadnell  P.C.  Nortbnmb. 


1854.] 


Eccltsiiulical  PrefermfnU,^Birlks. 


Bn.  A.  p.  Coat.  ChedJJDKtdn  R.  Bnckg. 
R**-  H.  OsU,  nilbylt.  Northimptoiiahlr 
RCT.  W.  jiDMIW.  Aiheo  R.  Eisn. 
Rer.  J.  Dcnoell,  Alderahotl  P.C.  Hints. 
Bar.J.  W.  Doren,  LI..D.B«itonSt.  Uhi 

i.  Norfolk. 
Has.  and  So.  A.  Douglu,  Curry  Mallet 

Carlind  C.  Someratl. 
Kei.  W.  1>oy1e,  St.   Steplien   P.C.   Choi 

opon-Medlock,  Lanoshire. 
Rbt.  W.  C.  Evtm,  CMorssll  PC.  Yorksh 
n«>.  H.  M.  Fletcher,  N'ort))  Stoke  R.  Som. 
Bex.  K.  B.  Forniby,  Hylhe  PC.  Kent. 
Rbt.  H.  Foi-StrinEw>y9,  KtlminKloa  R.  Soio. 
Btv.  3.  Gamlen,  Kirkby- Mai  lory  K.  w.  EtrU 

Shlltnn  C.  and  Elmnthorpe  R.  Ulceatersh. 
Key.  H-  9  Gill,  St.  Luke  P.C.  Baldwin,  Isle  of 

Uan. 
Rer.  Vr.  Gill.  Pultoihill  V.  Delia. 
Bcr.  R.  Ooldham,  Calilecote  R.  and  N'ewnlulm 

V.  Hett*. 
Rer,  F.  j>.  Gourrier,  Chritt  Church  P.C.  Clap. 

Ret.  j'.  Uraliaoi.  St.  Chad  P.C.  LichllrUI. 

Rev.  J,  (iiglrli,  Kenawor'h  V.  Heits. 

KMt  J.  Grifflibt,  Holy  Tfinity  P.C.  Drlt(iiton. 

B«t.  G.  Hirrlaon,  Suleanibe  R.  Deioa. 

Ber-  J.  Hart,  aanerby  H.  w.  Humbj  C.  Line. 

Str.  J.  Harvey.  TrentVile  P.C.  SlaffonUhire. 
c\:  R.  llaniis.  TMnsUll  P.f,  auffiiiWilM. 


163 

Rev,  P.  Somerville.  Milton  P.C.  Hanla. 

Rev.  J.  fl.  sparrour,  OtAon  V.  w.  Little  Brieelt 

R.  SulToIk. 
Rev,  W.  J.  Sprinjelt,  Dunkirk  P.C.  Kent. 
Rev.  J.  C.  T.  Stretch,  Christ  Church,  Geelong. 
Rev.  J.  H.  R.  Sumner.  Dratted  R.  Keut. 
Rev.  a.  M.  S<kes,  East  Hatley  R.  and  Tadloir 

V.  Cambridfesliire. 
Rev.  E.  SynEC,  frinity  P.C.  Matlock.  Derb. 
Rev.  J.  N,  TbaropaoD,  St.  Stephen  P.CSulby, 

Rev.  R.J.  S.  Valentine,  Ko!y  Trinity  P.C.  Port- 
T.Valpy,Sl,Jolin-the-l!aptistP.C,  Leen- 
'6.  Vernon,  Graflon-Underwood  R,  N'p'n. 
J.  N.  Vlieland.-Chriat  Church  P.C.  Turn- 
nam  Green.  Middlesex. 
Rev.  P.  J.  Walker,  Finmere  R.  Oifordihira. 
Btv.  G.  K.  Weston,  Toller- Fratrum  V.  w.  Win- 
ford  Eacle  C.  Dorset. 
Rev.  F.  tVbeler,  Duncburch  V.  Wanr. 
Rer.  E.  Whitehead.  Goilnianatoiie  11.  Dornt. 
Rev.  W.  Wilkinson.  St.  Msry  P.C.  Sheffield. 
Rev.  D.  F.  Wilaon,  to  Ihechargeof  Serampore, 

Rer. J. Wool [ey,  at.  George  P.C.  Portsea,  Hants. 

Tb  Cbaplaiacifi. 
R«*.  i.  C,  Cox,  to  the  Dcitiah  Reiidenls,  l^aa- 

tllly. 
Rer,  i.  A.  Croiier,  to  the  Forces.  Corli. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Dickson,   H.U.   Steam    Frigate 

Enryalus. 
Ilev.T.R.  Hamilton,  H. M.S.  the  Royal  GeorEe. 


It  Chap 


Rev.  D.  T.  Hobson,  Reckingham  V.  Notts. 
Rer.  J.  Hodires,  Uiddlelonl'.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  W,  Hooper,  Mariiinaleiih  PC.  Devon. 
Rev.  W.  Hulnie,Carfe  P.C.  Sumernel. 
Key.  M.  JelTerys,  Suuth.Thoreaby  R.  Line. 
-       "    ^-  J?^     -  ■■ 


Rev.  I 


.  J.  Rid) 


,.,., jleighP 

ne,  Corfe  P.C.  Sumernel. 
rys,  South'Thoresby  R.  Lii 

Rev.  L.  W.  Jeffray,  Aldford  B.  OieHhire. 

Rev.  C.  Jenkin.  D.D.  Uerrinfswell  R.  SuHb 


k.  G.  Woolwird,  to  Earl  Urownloir. 

Callegiate  and  Scholastic  Appainlmsntt. 

Rev.  E.  H.  Cradock,  MA.  Frincipai  of  lira- 

senose  Cal1e?e,  Ot/ord. 
Rer.  W.S.  Harvey,  Naval  InstruclortoH.M.S. 

Frincesa  Royal  S.S.  at  Portapnouth. 


Rev.J.K.Lung^ 


laH.M.S, 


i— i — .--;i.  — -.-,-     .  ..le  Royal  Georite  S.S.  at  Devonport. 

5*'iyj;^?''S.9«John'aa'apel,Soutliwark.  Rev.T.Markby,  Head-Hastershipof8t.  John's 

RM.T.GM-Luckock.I.iltlcDerwickP-C.Salop,  Wood  Proiviata     "■      ■•       ■ 

Rev.SW.  Mant,  Br»mror<IV.».BurataliC.Suff.  Rev  J  "  '  "^     " 


Rev.  j.  PowninE, 


11  shop  Hat- 
ofTotnes  Gram- 


Bev.  B.  Mercer.  Ecckabill  PC.  Yorkabire. 
RcT.J.  Uillpr.OrcopU.C.  Ilerefordiliire. 
Bev.T.Uilcbell,9t.Panl  P.C.Ven  inEtDn,Snrrc 
Bei.  W.  L.  Marian,  Bndnha*  P.C.  Torkah. 
Rev.  W.  Morton,  Penkhnll  P.C.  Stiflbrdihin 


...ilcKhlre. 

Nicholson,  Weston-by-Welland  V.  « 
L  Baisett  V.  NorthamnlnosUire. 
Nult,  East  Harplree  V.  Som- 
S.  Pittrick,  Weston- Dccard  V.  Herd 
W.  Pnrai'.  GavHOOd  K.  Nor/olk. 

irch    P.C 


Rev.  I 


.   _  .  .  nine,  Maaterabi 

inarScliooi.  iKevon. 
Itev.  J,  SoiaUpeicc,  Vice- Prloci pal  of  the  Dio- 

Bcv.  A.  Smith,  Principal  or  the  Cvlleglate 
School,  Hudderafteld. 

J.  J.  Bates,  B.A.  Assistant  Classical  and  Ma- 
tbemalical  Muster.  Queen  Kliiibetli'a  Gram- 
mar School,  Colcheater. 

K.  C.  Cbristie,  B.A.  Professorship  of  History, 
l>iren's  CaHeice,  Manchester. 

E.  U.  Finlay,  B.A.  Second-Masle rship  at  Ded- 
ham  Giuumar  School,  Rase! 

H.  Godfray,  F  "   "   '    ' 


„ nnefather,    Christ 

Barnet,  Herts. 
Rev.  C.  J.  Penny.  Hunn Ingham  P.C.  Wore. 
"—  "    ■■    "hilpoit,  Christ  Chutcli  P.C.  Clay 
n,  Surrey. 

.._.    e,  Kllybebill  B.  Glamorganshire. 

Rev.  J.  L.  Prior.  Papplenick  P.C.  Notts. 
~  V.  G.  Rainier,  NinSeld  V.  Sussex. 


Hill,'epaom,aurri 
Rev.  H.  Price,  Kllvb 


Rer.  L.  C.  Raniiolph _     . 

Rer.  W.  B.  RichardHin,  Linslade 
Rer.  T.  Rowley,  D.D.  Wtlby  R.  Si  -,. 
Rer.  J.  Rntlier^ord,  Egdean  R.  Sussex. 
Rev.  H.  J.  Sawyer,  Bunningwell  R,  Berl 
Rer,  H.  C.  Seller,  Troll  P.C.  Somerset. 
Rev.  S.  O.  Selwyn,  Millon-a*vedon  V, 
Rev.  T  Smith,  Ostinrton  Ii.C.  Notta. 
Rev.  W.  Smith,  Conl^  P.C.  Yorkahire. 


Berks. 


BiaTHS. 
D(t.  M.    At  Skeffington  hall,  Leic.  the  wife 
Richard  Huiion.eau.  a  son.— ai.  At  Hythe, 

le  ffire  of  Lieut.-Cof.  Hay.  a  dau. U.     In 

ubiin,  Lady  Naas,  a  aon. M.    At  Anlooy, 


,C.  Bucks.       son,-^ — n 


.e  Rev.  W.  Ilrodie, 


Leic.  the  Hon.  Mrs 
Green  at.  Lady 


-Tli 


Paria,  the  wife  iif  Liei 


184 


Marriages, 


[Feb. 


Jan.  I.    In  Hyde  park  g^ardens,  the  wife  of 

Thomas  Dent,  esq.  a  son. 3.    At  Dover,  the 

wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Farrinipton,    K.L.S.,  late 

H.M.  CtkhTfr^  d'Affkires  in  Persia,  a  son. 

At  Weymouth,    Mrs.  Eveleigh  Wyndham,  a 
dau.— — 4.    The  wife  of  James  Morrell,  jun. 

esq.  Hirh  Sheriff  of  Oxfordshire,  a  dau. 

6.    In   tipper  Harley-st.  Lady  Caroline  Gar- 

nier,  a  son. 7.    At  Leamin^on,  the  wife  of 

Chandos  Wren  Hoskyns,  esq.  a  dau. 8.    At 

Herriard  park,  Hants,  the  wife  of  F.  J.  E.  Jer- 

voise,  esq.  a  dau. At  Tackley,  Oxf.  the  wife 

of  the  Rev.  L.  A.  Sharpe,  a  son. 10.    In 

Sussex  square,  Hyde  park,  thewifeof  R.  Han- 
bury,  jun.  esq.  a  son. 13.    At  Edinburgh, 

the  Countess  of  Kintore,  a  son. 16.     In 

Upper  Seymour  st.  Lady  Caroline  Lister  Kaye, 

a  son. 17.  At  Claybrooke  hall,  Leic.  the  wife 

of  H.  Sholto  Douj^las,  esq.  a  son. The  wife 

of  Capt.  Hatton,  Gren.  Guards,  a   dau. 

In  Bryanston-st.  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Tom- 

kinson,  of  Welling^ton,  Cheshire,  a  dau. 

18.    At  Buckhurst  park,  Lady  Elizabeth  Rus- 
sell, a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

March  31, 1853.  In  New  Zealand,  Aagrastus 
Moore,  esq.  youni^est  son  of  W.  Bury  Moore, 
esq.  of  Broadclist,  Devon,  to  Louisa-Ann, 
eldest  dau.  of  Charles  B.  Fooks,  esq. 

Hay  25.  At  Sydney,  Montagu-Consett.  se- 
cond son  of  Sir  Alfred  Stephen,  Chief  Justice 
of  New  South  Wales,  to  Emilie-CIara.  third 
dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Jennings  Smith, 
M.A.  Incumbent  of  Paterson. 

Sept.  23.  At  Subathoo,  East  Indies,  Lieut. 
Henry  Knigrhtley  Burne,  3nd  B.N.I.  Deputy 
Judge- Advocate-Gen.  Sirhind  Division,  eldest 
son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  T.  Burne,  M.A.  of  Bath, 
to  Fanny,  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Spens.  esq. 
Bengal  Medical  Service. 

Oct.  S.  At  Meean  Meer,  Lahore,  Capt.  Phi- 
lipe,  18th  Irreg^ular  Cavalry,  to  Mary-Ann- 
datherine-Eliza,  younfrest  dau.  of  the  late  Mr. 
O.  H.  Parry,  of  Reading. 

35.  At  Plymouth,  Charles-Henry  Elphin- 
stone  HoUoway,  esq.  late  68th  Royal  Rifles, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Col.  E.  Holloway,  C.B., 
R.E.  to  Sarah-Bryant-Whitchurch,  younj^est 

dau.  of  James  Bryant,  esq. At    Reading, 

Mr.  Thomas  C  Gougk,  son  of  John  Gough, 
esq.  of  Nottingham,  to  Elizabeth-Cuff,  second 
dau.  of  John  Gutch,  esq.  of  Corsley,  Wilts, 
and  granddau.  of  the  late  George   Hancock, 

esq.  J.P.  of  Poole. At   Leigh,  Wore  the 

Hon.  the  Rev.  George  Robert  Giffbrd.  to 
Mary-Ann-Danet,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas  Nor- 

bury,  esq.  of  Sherridge. At  Llanelly,  Sir 

Goafrey  TkonuUt  Bart,  of  Glamorgan  house, 
Clifton,  to  Emily,  eldest  dau.  of  wm  Cham- 
bers, jun.  of  Llanelly  house,  Carmarthenshire. 

At  Llandegley,  the  Rev.  John  Davie,  B.D. 

Vicar  of  Llandelog  and  Llanhowell,  Pemb.  to 
Gwen,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  Jones,  Baileybedw, 
near  Carmarthen,  and  Vicar  of  Llandegley, 

Radnorshire. At  Ardleigh,  Vicary,  second 

son  of  the  late  Edward  Keilv,  esq.  Capt.  R.N. 
to  Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Sandford 
Lambe,  esq.  Capt.  in  the  Essex  Rifle  Militia. 

At  Whitburn,  the    Rev.   James   Milner, 

M.A.  Rector  of  Elton,  to  Elizabeth,  only  dau. 
of  Joseph  Simpson,  esq.  of  Whitburn   West 

bouse,  Durham. At  BriRhton,  K.  Campbell 

Macrae,  es<).of  Moulmem,  East  Indies,  to  Jane- 
Eliza,  dau.  of  Capt.  M.  J.  Currie,  R.N. 

At  Forglen  house,  Banffshire,  Fxlwin  Hare 
Daehwood,  esq.  late  of  H.M.N  10th  Foot,  now 
of  New  Zealand,  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Edwin 
Dashwood,  Royal  Horse  Guards  Blue,  to  Ro- 
berta-Henrietta, third  surviving^  dau.  of  Sir 
Robert  Abercromby,   Bart. At  Kingston, 

9 


Portsea,  Charles  Maitnoarina,  esq.  R.  Art. 
eldest  son  of  Capt.  G.  R.  P.  Mainwaring,  R.N. 
to  Isabella,  fourth  dau.  of  Capt.  T.  R.  Agnew, 
Tipner. 

36.  At  Hexham,  at  the  Roman  Catholic 
Chapel,  and  afterwards  at  the  Abbey  Church, 
John  Errington,  esq.  of  High  Warden,  to  Caro- 
line-Hope, eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  J.  D. 

Waddilove,  of  the  Beacon  grange. At  St. 

George's  Bloomsbury,  Capt.  Joseph  Tucker 
GeiU,  EI.C.  service,  of  Geilston,  Cardross, 
N.B.  to  Hester- Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  Col. 
N.  Wilson,  K.H.  and  widow  of  Pierre  Armand 
Bessis,  of  Boulogne. 

37-  At  St.  George's  Hanover  square.  Lord 
Frederick  James  Fittroy,  third  son  of  the  Duke 
of  Grafton,  to  Catherine-Sarah- Wilhelmina, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Wm.  Wescomb, 

Rector  of  Langford,  Essex. At  Loch  Gilp- 

head,  Clarke  Stoughton, esq. of  Sparham,  Norf. 
to  Mary- Ann-Dora,  only  dau.  of  William  Hal- 
lett,  esq.  of  Eling  grove,  Hants,  and  grand- 
dau. of  Robert  Radclyffe,  esq.  of  Foxdenton 
hall,  Lane. At  Great  Saling,  Arthur  Robert- 
eon,  esq.  to  Louisa- Margaret,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  Bartlet  Goodrich,  Vicar  of  Great 

Saling,  Essex. At  Elm,  Camb.  Augustus 

Edgar  Bwrck,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  voungett 
son  of  T.  L.  Burch,  esq.  of  Canterbury,  to 
Emily,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Jackson,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Elm-cum-Bm- 

neth. At  Bath,  Capt.  Mountague  CAo/im^, 

H.E.I.C.S.  to  Adelaide- Mary,  youngest  dau.  of 

the  Rev.  F.  Kilvert,  M.A At  St.  Mark's 

Kennington,  H.  Leopold  Nazer,  esq.  of  Wive- 
lescombe,  Somersetsh.  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Capt.  Nazer,  R.N.  of  Ipswich,  to  Emma,  dau. 
of  the  late  Edw.  Aug.  Gibbons,  esq.  of  Wands- 
worth road. At  Stoke.  William  Fert  Sweet, 

M.A.  to  Lavinia,  eldest  aau  uf  the  Rev.  John 
Lampen,  M.A.  Incumbent  ofSt.  John's  Chapel, 

Plymouth. At   Monkstnwn,  Dublin.  John 

Heteett,  esq.  B.A.  Clare  hall,  Cambridge,  to 
Anna-Louisa,  younger  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 

Hammon. At    Salisbury,    Henry-William, 

younger  son  of  the  late  John  Benson  Gale,  esq. 
of  Weyhill.  Hants,  to  Ellen-Mary,  eldest  dau. 
of  James  Cobb,  esq.  of  Salisbury. At  New- 
cast  le-on-Tyne,  George- Barras,  youngest  son 
of  Stephen  Reed,  esq.  of  Newcastle,  to  Louisa- 
Catherine,  youngest  dau.  of  Aubone  Surtees, 

es<j. At  St.  Ames's,  Westbourne  terrace, 

William-Alexander,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Major-Gen.  Cockbum,  R.  Art.  to  Julia-Clemen- 
tina, youngest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Sant, 
esq.  of  Botwell,  Middlesex. —  At  Great  Ilford, 
the  Rev.  Frederick  French,  M.A.  Rector  of 
Worlingworth-with-Southoll,  Suffolk,  to  Anne- 
Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Davis,  ¥sq.  of  Cran- 
brook e  park,  Essex. 

38.  At  Geneva,  Sir  Charles  Montolien  Lamb, 
Bart,  to  Frances,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Margesson,  of  Oakhurst,  Surrey. 

39.  The  Rev.  Arthur  Pane,  Vicar  of  War- 
minster, Wilts,  to  Charlotte,  widow  of  Har- 
rington  Hudson,  of  Bessingby  hall.  Yorksh. 

At  Trinity  church,  Gloucester  gardens, 

Francis  L.  DowHng,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  to 
Frances- Harriet,  fourth  dau.  of  U.  H.  Smart, 
esq. 

Nov.  1.  At  St.  Stephen's,  near  St.  Alban's, 
Herts,  Robert  Diwudale,  esq.  only  son  of  Chas. 
John  Dimsdale.  esq.  of  Essenaon  place,  to 
Cecilia.Jane,  elder  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Marcus  R. 

Southwell,  Vicar  of  St.  Stephen's. At 

Bredfield,  the  Rev.  Charles  Spackman,  Vicar 
of  Long  Itchington.  Warwickshire,  to  Katha- 
rine, second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  George  Crabbe. 

At  Montreal,    Ueut.  Alex.   Ross  Clarke, 

Roval  Eng.  to  Frances- Maria,  youngest  dau. 
of  Col.  Matthew  C.  Dixon,  Comm.  Royal  Bng. 
Canada. 

8.   At  Dartmouth,  the  Rev.  Charles  B.  Parry, 


1854.] 


Mai 


riages. 


185 


Curate  of  St.  Paul's,  Knig^htsbridge,  to  Mary- 
Hunt,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  C.  Holds- 
worth,   Vicar   of  Stokenham,    Devon. At 

Stratton,  Hampshire,  the  Rev.  Archdall  BuU 
temer,  youngest  son  of  R.  W.  Uuttemer,  esq. 
of  West  lodge,  Clapham  common,  to  Georgiana- 
Mary-Tharp,  only  surviving  child  of  the  Rev. 

Charles  R.  K.  Dallas,  Curate  of  Stratton. 

At  Maidstone,  the  Rev.  John  White,  Rector  of 
Grayingham,  Line,  son  of  George  White,  esq. 
Grantham,  to  Emily,  fourth  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Beale  Poste,  of  By  dews  place,  near  Maidstone. 

At    Plymouth,    William  Boiitho,  esq.  of 

Ponsondaue,  Penzance,  to  Anne-Gordon,  third 

dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Henwood,  of  Honiton. 

At  St.  Michael's,  Pimlico,  Sir  Henry  Thomas 
TynohitU  Bart,  of  Stanley  hall,  Shropshire,  to 
Emma-Harriet,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  and 
Rev.   Robert  Wilson,  of  Ashwelthorpe  hall, 

Norfolk. At  Hove,  Brighton,  the  Rev.  Henry 

Oamble.  Incumbent  of  Cnfton,  Derb.  to  Caro- 
line Fisgard,-  widow  of  Thomas  Tayspill,  esq. 

of  Colchester. At    Sephton,    Lane.    Capt. 

Starkey,  late  Comm.  3d  Sikh  Inf.  eldest  son  of 
J.  C.  Starkey,  esq.  of  Wrenbury  hall,  Cheshire, 
to  Eleanor,  second  dau.  of  C.  R.  Simpson,  esa. 

Waterloo.  At    Newport,    Rhode    Island, 

Daniel  Sargent  Curtis,  esq.  of  Boston,  U.S.  to 
Ariana- Randolph,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Rear-Adm.  R.  R.  Wormeley,  R.N. 

4.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Frederick 
Augustus  Cattle,  to  Theresa-Tayleure,  fourth 
dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Topham,  esq. 

5.  At  Stockbury,  Kent,  James  d'Esterre 
Taylor,  esq.  R.M.  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Taylor, 
R.N.  and  grandson  of  the  late  Richard  Taylor, 
esq.  of  Rock  abbey,  co.  Limerick,  to  Maria- 
Louisa,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Cattey, 

Royal  Eng. At  Clifton,  the  Rev.  O.  Sadler, 

Rector  of  Brancaster,  Norfolk,  to  Lucy-Ann, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  R.  B.  Hankin,  esq.  of 
Bedford. 

8.  At  St.  Martin's-in-the-fields,  Richard 
Vicars  Boyle,  esq.  son  of  Vicars  Boyle,  esq.  of 
Dublin,  to  Eleonore-Anne,  relict  of  Senor  Don 
Jacinto  de  Salas  y  Quiroga,  and  dau.  of  William 

Hack,  esq.  of  Dieppe. At   Stoke,  Devon, 

Valentine  Gardener  Detuten,  esq.  only  son  of 
the  late  V.  Deusten,  esq.  R.N.  of  Padstow,  to 
Mary,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Jonathan  Peter, 

esq.  of  Stephs.  near  Bodmin. At  Trinity 

Church,  Paddington,  Charles  Case,  esq.  of 
Hailey,  Herts,  to  Mary-Georgiana.  second  dau. 
of  John  Bingley  Garland,  esq.  of  Leeson  house, 

Dorset,  and  of  Eastbourne  terr. At  Becken- 

ham,  U.  P.  Goodenou&^h,  esq.  Capt.  R.  Art.  to 

Mary,  second  dau.  of  J.  W.  ^>gle,  esq. At 

Weybridge,  Albert  Vaillant,  Capt.  Bombay 
Army,  second  surviving  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Philip  Vaillant,  Rector  of  Stoke  D'Alborne, 
Surrey,  to  Giulia- Isabella,  younger  dau.  of  the 

late  Col.  Maceroni,  of  Weybridge. At  the 

Roman  Catholic  Chapel,  Reading,  Henry  Bov- 
don,  esq.  of  Southgate  house,  Derb.  to  Hen- 
rietta-Matilda, fourth  dau.  of  Michael  H. 
Blount,  esq.  of  Mapledurham,  and  granddan. 

of  Robert  lOth  Lord  Petre. At  St.  John's, 

Westminster,  James  Lys  Seager,  esa.  of  South 
Lambeth,  to  Caroline,  widow  of  Jotin  Clode, 
esq.  of  Windsor. 

9.  At  Balcombe,  Sus.sex,  Henry  Bury,  esq. 
of  Moorfield,  near  Manchester,  to  Janet- Anne, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  II.  R.  Sarel,  Rector  of 

Balcombe. At   Chilthorne   Domer,    Som. 

Joseph,  only  son  of  Joseph  Page,  esq.  of  Little 
Bromley,  Essex,  to  Mary-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  W.  Burton  l,each,  M.A.  Rector  of 
Sutton  Montis,  and  Vicar  ot  Chilthorne  Domer. 
At  Mvlor,  W'm.  HusseyB/oom/f^W,  young- 
est son  of  Capt.  Kempe,  esq.  of  Higher  Town, 
near  Truro,  to  Lydia-Jane-Usticke,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  T.  S.  Beauchant,  esq.  R.M.  Art. 
At   Walcot  Church,   the   Rev.  Harcourt 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


Skrine,  of  Sunbury,  Middx.  to  Louisa,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  William  Greenlaw,  Rector 
of  Woolwich,  Kent. 

10.  At  Purleigh,  Essex,  James  Frtuer,  esq. 
of  Croydon,  to  Lydia,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Rolf  Tamplin,  esq.  of  Lewes,  Sussex. 

At  Keigate,  William-Zachariah,  second  son 

ofW.  Kingdon,  esq.  of  New  Bank  buildings, 
to  Emilia-Ann  San-Martin,  youngest  dau.  ox 
F.  De  Lisle,  esq.  of  Gatton  villa,  Redhill,  Sur- 
rey.  At  Walcot,  Bath,  the  Rev.  G.  D'Arcy 

Irvine,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Rev.  G.  D'Arcy 
Irvine,  LL.D.,  and  grandson  of  the  late  Sir 
Gorges  D'Arcy  Irvine,  Bart,  to  Harriet,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Qen.  Strover,  of  Bath. 

At  Brighton,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Keane,  Perp. 

Curate  of  Whitby,  to  Elizabeth,  third  dau.  of 
theHon.  John  Fryer  Thomas,  Member  of  Coun- 
cil Madras. At  Swallow,  Line.  George-Wil- 
liam, second  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert  Gor- 
don.  Rector  of  Scampton,  and  grandson  of  the 
late  Dean  of  Lincoln,  to  Georgiana-Diana, 
second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  G.  M.  Holiwell,  Rector 

of  Swallow. At  Tamworth,  the  Rev.  Arthur 

Dalton,  Curate  of  Tamworth,  to  Mary- Anne, 
widow  of  Robert  Hanbury,  esq.  of  Bolehall 
house,  Tamworth,  and  dau  of  Major  Bamford, 

of  Wilnecote  hall. At  Bushey,  the  Rev.  W. 

Henry  Fotole,  Minister  of  St.  Mary's,  Port 
Elizabeth,  to  Mary- Anne-Gertrude,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Edward  Allen,  of  Bushey  lodge, 

Herts. At  St.  George's  Bloomsbury,  Col. 

Grantham,  R.  Art.  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Jenkin   Llewelyn,  esq.  and  relict  of 

Fails  Hartt,  esq.  H.E.I.C.S. At  Edinburgh, 

the  Hon,  George  Grey  Dalrymple,  Scots  Fusi- 
liers, youngest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Stair,  to  the 
Hon.  Ellinor  Alice  Napier,  fifth  dau.  of  the  late 

Lord  Napier. At  All  Saints',  St.  John's 

wood,  Robert,  fifth  son  of  the  late  Joseph 
Henry,  esq.  of  Dublin,  to  Ann,  second  dau.  of 
the   late  Nathaniel  Thomas  Ramsey,  esq.  of 

Barbados. At    Dibden,    Hants,    Frederick 

Hotcee,  esq.  son  of  the  Rev.  George  Howes,  of 
Spixworth,  Norfolk,  to  Isabel,  dan.  of  John 
Hollingworth,  esq.  late  of  Boxley,  Kent. 

11.  At  Adbaston,  Aston  Lewie,  esq.  M.D. 
of  Fulbeck,  eldest  son  of  William  Lewis,  esq. 
of  Alderley,  Cheshire,  to  Georgina  E.  Rose, 

youngest  dau.  of  Sir  George  Denys,  Bart. 

At  Beckenham,  Kent,  David  Maxwell  Aitken, 
esq.  M.D.  of  Kingslaiid,  to  Mary-Ann,  young- 
est dau.  of  Thomas  Washington,  esq.  of  Lewis- 
ham. 

12.  At  Islington,  Claudius-William,  son  of 
John  A.  Heraud,  esq.  to  Mary-Susannah, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  A.  Carpenter,  esq.  of 
Blacklands,  Wilts. 

15.  At  St.  Pancras,  James  Coyte,  esq.  of 
Lincoln's  inn  fields,  son  of  the  Rev.  James 
Coyte.  Rector  of  Polstead,  Suffolk,  to  Elleo- 
Manners,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph  Calrow, 

esq.  Lincoln's  inn  fields. At  Chelsea,  Capt. 

James  Douglas,  60th  Rifles,  eldest  son  of  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Sir  James  Douglas,  K.C.B.  toGeorgiana- 
Agnes,  only  surviving  child  of  the  late  Col. 
VVilliam  Beresford,  of  Stapleford  hall,  Notts. 

16.  At  Aylestone.  the  Rev.  Robert  Graves 
Walker,  Curate  of  Newtown  Linford,  to  Emily 

Caroline   Pochin,   of  Misterton    hall. At 

Stonehouse,  Richard  Drake,  esq.  of  Richmond 
park,  Clifton,  to  Sarah-Ann,  second  dau.  of 

the  late  Lieut.  Charles  Conner,  R.N. At 

Manchester,  Sir  Thomas  Deane,  Dundanion 
castle,  Cork,  to  Harriett,  only<  dau.  of  the  late 

Major  Williams,  Cheltenham. In  Guernsey, 

Nicholas,  eldest  son  of  Nicholas  Dendall,  esq. 
of  Felyn,  M.P.  for  F^ist  Cornwall,  to  Dora  de 
Haviland,  dau.  of  Joshua  Priaulx,  esq. 

17-  At  St.  Giles's,  Camberwell,  the  Rev. 
Edwin  Giles,  to  Emily-Isabel,  eldest  dau.  of 

Edward  Edwards,  esq.  of  Rye  hill,  Surrey. 

At  Ilfracombe,  the  Rev.  John  Lynes,  Vicar  of 

2B 


186 


Marriages. 


[Feb. 


Buckland  Monaclioram,  eldest  son  of  Thomas 
Lynes,  esq.  of  Hackleton  lioase,  co.  Npn.  to 
Mary-Campion,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Booth 

Hod^etts,  esq.  of  Dover. At  St.  George's 

Bloomsbury,  G-  B.  Austen  Lefroy,  esq.  only 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  B.  Lefroy,  Rector  of  Ashe, 
to  Emma,  third  dau.  of  the  late  T.  R.  Cracroft, 
esq.  of  West  Keal  hall,  Line,  and  niece  to  Rear- 

Adm.  Sir  John  Franklin,  KC.H. At  Merst- 

ham,  Grenville  G.  Welltt  esq.  son  of  the  late 
William  Wells,  esq.  of  Holme  wood,  Hunts,  to 
Allada-Harriott,  second  dau.  of  Sir  W.  G.  H. 

Jolliffe,    Bart. At   Edinburgh,   Cockavne 

Frith,  esq.  late  Capt.  38th  Regt.  to  Amelia- 
Margaret- Macdonald,  widow  of  John  Dennis 

de  Vitrd,  esq.  Bombay  Civil  Service. At 

Evesham,  the  Rev.  Edmund  Markbam  Heale^ 
R.  Mil.  College,  Sandhurst,  to  Mary-Procter, 
second  dau.  of  John  Clark,  esu.  of  Lanesfield. 
At  Gloucester,  the  Rev.  w.  Keyt,  of  Mans- 
field, to  Elizabeth- Wells,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Gervas  Wells  Cole,  esq.  of  Fenton,  Line. 

At  Uampstead,  the  Rev.  Henry  Holme 

Wettmore,  Minor  Canon  of  Manchester,  to 
Fanny,  second  dau.  of  Sir  James  Cosmo  Mel- 
Vill. 

19.  At  Mountstuart,  Rothesay,  the  residence 
of  the  Marchioness  of  Bute,  Lieut.-Col.  C.  C. 
Yarborough,  C.B.  3lst  Regt.  third  son  of  the 
late  J.  C.  Yarborough,  esq.  of  Campsmount, 
Doncaster,  to  Flora-Sophia-Emma,  only  dnu. 
of  David  Grant,  esq.  of  Notting  hill,  and  grand- 
dau.  of  the  late  Nicoll  Raynsford,  esq.  of  Brix- 

worth  hall,  co.  Npn. At  St.  James's  Pad- 

dington,  Joseph  Hankey  Dobree,  esq.  of  Nor- 
folk street.  Park  lane,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
J.  G.  Dobree,  to  Joseph ine-Codrington,  third 
dau.  of  B.  B.  Williams,  esq.  of  Buscot  park, 

Berks,  and  Westbourne  terr. At  Uplyme, 

Devon,  the  Rev.  John  Prouer,  MA.  Vicar  of 
Church  Minshull,  Cheshire,  to  Elizabeth-Kel- 

laway,  eldest  dau.  of  James  Boon,  esq. At 

All  Saints',  the  Rev.  Gerald  deCourcy  O* Grady ^ 
M.A.  Incumbent  of  Hemniingford,  to  Char- 
lotte-Knox, voungest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  Agar 
Adamson,  D  D.  Chaplain  to  the  Legislative 
Council  of  Canada. 

20.  At  Wakefield,  the  Rev.  George  S.  Bayne, 
Magdalen  coll.  Camb.  to  Jane- Frances,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  Th«maa  Tayler,  esq.  sofi- 
citor. 

22.  At  Dublin,  the  Hon.  Edward  Stop/ord, 
to  Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edward 

Nixon. At  St.  George's    Hanover  sq.  the 

Marcliese  Don  Odoardo  Frederic  Francois  Raf- 
facle  GadaMa,  second  son  of  the  Marchese  di 
Martano,  of  Naples,  to  Thomasina,  only  dau. 
of  the  late  Walter  Newton,  esq.  of  Dunleckney 

house,  CO.  Carlow. At  Raintor,  Durham, 

John-George-ToUemache,  only  son  of  George 
Sinciair,  Bart,  to  Emma-Isabella-Harriett- 
Carr,  eldest  dau.  of  W.  S.  Standish,  esq.  of 
Duxbury  park,  Lane,  and  Cocken  hall,  Dur- 
ham.  At  Easthope,  Salop,  the  Rev.  Frede- 
rick J.  Richards,  Vicar  of  Boxley,  Kent,  second 
son  of  W.  P.  Richards,  esq.  of  Park  crescent, 
Portland  place,  to  Dora-Georgina-Harington, 
eldest  dau.  of  M.  G.  Benson,  esq.  of  Lutwych 

hall. At  Burwash.  Sussex,  lienry  Dixon, 

esq.  of  Frankham,  to  Lydia,  eldest  dau.  of  the 

Rev.  Joseph  Gould,  Rector  of  Burwash 

At  Bampton,Oxon,  the  Rev.  William  Boutiield, 
Rector  of  Cublington,  Bucks,  to  Amelia-Frede- 
rick, fourth  dau.  of  Frederick  Whitaker,  esq. 

of  Hampton. At  Chelsea,  Edmund  Rodney 

Pollexfeii  Rattard,  esq.  of  Kitley,  Devon,  to 
Florence-Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  Simon  Scrope, 

esq.  of  Danby,  Yorkshire. At  Christ  Church 

Marylebone,  Henry  Everest,  esq.  of  Rochester, 
Kent,  to  Anna-Maria-Eliza,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Ynyr  Burges,  esq.  Bengal  Civil  Service, 
and  relict  of  Rev.C.  W.  Ireland  Jooes,  of  Lod- 
diswell,  Devon. 

33.    At  Eileanacb,  Inverness-sbire,  ChArles- 


Addington,  second  son  of  Robert  Hanbwy, 
esq.  of  Poles,  Herts,   to  Christine-Isabella, 

second  dau.  of  John  Mackenzie,  esq.  M.D. 

At  Hove,  Geo.  Crawford  Rew,  esq.  third  son  of 
William  Pell  Rew,  esq.  of  Finchley,  Middx.  to 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  John  Lansdell,  esq. 
At  Newton  Purcell,  Capt.  Edward  Row- 
land Forman,  Rifle  Brigade,  son  of  the  late 
Edw.  Forman,  esq.  and  nepnew  of  Rowland 
Fothergill.  esq.  of  Hensol  castle,  Glam.  to 
Louisa- Mary- Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  and  Lady 
Louisa  Slater  Harrison,   of  Shelswell  Park, 

Oxf. At  Chipping,  Richard  Snead  Cojr,esq. 

of  Broxwood  and  Eaton  Bishop,  Heref.  and 
Souldern,  Oxon,  to  Maria-Teresa,  third  dau. 

of  G.  Weld,  esq.  Leagram  hall.  Lane. At 

Eastington,  Glouc.  Robert  Snaith  Hichens,  esq. 
Madras  Army,  eldest  son  of  Robert  Hichens, 
esq.  of  East  Dulwich,  to  Elizabeth,  second  dau. 

of  H.  H.  Wilton,  esq. At  Wrotham,  Kent, 

Arthur  Davies  Berrlngtoji,  esq.  son  of  J.  D. 
Berrington,  esq.  of  Woodland  castle,  Glam.  to 
Frances-I^unox-Heneage,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Charles  Lane,  Rector  of  Wrotham. 

24.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Rev. 
Freeman  Heatbcote  Bishop,  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Charles  Bishop,  esq.  Procurator-Gen. 
to  Geo.  III.  to  Emily-Huskisson,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Evan  Nepean,  Chaplain  in  Ordi- 
nary  to  Her  Majesty. At  St.  George's  Hano- 
ver sq.  Edward  Hustev,  esq.  of  Scotney  castle^ 
Sussex,  to  Henrietta-sarah,  eldest  dau.  of  Mr. 

and    Lady   Harriet  Clive. At    Chichester, 

William  Legge  Reid.  M.D.  of  Her  Majesty's 
service,  son  of  the  late  Charles  Hope  Reld, 
R.N.  of  Grange  Mill,  Ayrshire,  to  Sophia, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  C.  C.  Dendy,  esq.  of 

Southgate  house. At  All  Souls'  Marylebone, 

John-Thomas,  sun  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  Adanu, 
D.D.  Vicar  of  Halstead,  Essex,  tu  Catherine- 
Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.J.  Hume.  Vicar 

of   West  Kington,  Wilts. At   St.    Mary'a 

Bryanston  sq.  the  Rev.  Charles TroUope  Swan, 
Vicar  of  Dunholme,  second  son  of  the  Rev. 
Francis  Swan,  of  Sausthorpe,  to  Grace,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Martin,  Vicar  of 
Lincoln  Cathedral. The  Rev.  John  Spear- 
man Wasey,  Vicar  of  Compton,  Berks,  third 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  George  Wasey,  Rector  of 
Ulcombc,  Kent,  to  Harriet-Jemima,  eldest  dau. 
of  Edward  Cockburn  Kindersley,  esq.  of  Har- 

ley  St. At  Stoke-next-Guildford.  the  Rev. 

William  Henry  Stevens,  Curate  of  the  parish, 
to  Sarah-Martha,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Drake,  Rector  of  Intwood-cum- Kes- 
wick, Norf. At  Stokenchurch,Oxon,George, 

eldest  son  of  the  late  George  Stratton,  esq. 
Member  of  Council  of  Fort  St.  George,  Madras, 
to  Ellen,  dau.  of  John  W.  Fane,  esq.  Wormsley, 

Oxon. At  Kilnwick-JuxU- Walton,  the  Rev. 

John  F.  Moor,  to  Frances-Dorothy,   second 

dau.  of  Charles  Grimston,  esq. At  Diddle- 

bury,  Salop,  Samuel  Hopkins  Steel,  esq.  M.B. 
Lond.  eldest  son  of  William  Steel,  esq.  of  Aber- 
gavenny, to  Mary-Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the 

Rev.  T.  Underwood,  Vicar  of  Diddlebury. 

At  Duffield,  James,  son  of  the  late  Cnarles 
Mathias,  esq.  of  Laraphey  court.  Pemb.  to 
Maria- Harriet,  dan.  of  the  late  William  Raw- 
storne,  esq.  of  Ho  wick,  Lane. 

26.  At  Rugby,  I.  Spooner,  esq.  of  Lincoln's 
inn,  to  Charlotte- Augusta,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  J.  C.  'l>ler,  esq.  of  the  Forelands,  near 

Bromsgrove. At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq. 

Thomas  Mav,  esq.  of  Exeter,  to  Emily,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Ibbetson,  esq.  of  Ealing, 
Middlesex. 

29.  At  Wakefield,  the  Rev.  George  S.  Bayne, 
Magdalen  coll.  Camb.  to  Jane-Frances,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Tayler,  esq.  soli- 
citor.  At  Upper  Chelsea,  the  Rev.  Henry 

Hopwood^  Rector  of  Bothal,  Northamb.  to 
Frances,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Alex.  R.  Side- 
bottom,  esq.  of  Linooln'a  inn. 


187 


OBITUARY. 


General  Von  Radowitz. 

Dec.  25.  At  Berlin,  in  his  57th  year, 
General  Von  Radowitz. 

Joseph  Von  Radowitz  was  born  Feb.  6, 
1797,  at  Blandenberg,  among  the  Hartz 
mountains.  His  family  belonged  origin- 
ally to  the  small  nobility  of  Hungary ; 
but  his  grandfather  had  settled  in  Ger- 
many,  and  his  father,  who  had  studied  law 
at  GOttingen,  enjoyed  the  title  of  State 
Councillor  in  the  Duchy  of  Brunswick. 
Joseph  received  his  early  education  at  a 
school  in  Altenberg,  and,  until  the  age  of 
fourteen,  was  brought  up  as  a  Protestant, 
his  mother  being  of  that  faith.  After- 
wards his  father,  a  Roman -Catholic,  be- 
came his  instructor  until  he  was  old 
enough  to  commence  the  military  career 
for  which  he  had  been  destined  in  the  ser- 
vice of  Westphalia.  That  country  was 
then  ruled  by  Jerome  Bonaparte,  and 
young  Radowitz  was  sent  to  France  to 
perfect  his  military  studies,  and  learn 
French.  In  1812  he  entered  active  ser- 
vice as  an  artillery  officer,  having  become 
highly  proficient  in  mathematical  science. 

At  the  battle  of  Leipsic  he  commanded 
a  "Westphalian  battery,  was  wounded,  and 
taken  prisoner.  Previous  exhibitions  of 
bravery  had  procured  for  his  name  a  place 
in  the  roll  of  the  Legion  of  Honour. 
Upon  the  dissolution  of  the  Westphalian 
kingdom,  and  the  return  of  the  Elector  of 
Hcsse-Cassel,  Radowitz  entered  the  ser- 
vice of  the  latter,  and  made  with  the 
Hessian  artillery  the  campaign  against 
France.  His  talents  quickly  commanded 
the  attention  of  his  superiors,  and  in  1815 
(being  then  only  eighteen)  he  was  ap- 
pointed first  teacher  of  mathematics  and 
the  military  sciences  to  the  school  for  ca- 
dets at  Cassel.  In  1823  he  had  risen  to 
the  rank  of  Captain,  and  was  attached  to 
the  Electoral  Court  as  military  and  ma- 
thematical teacher  of  the  heir  apparent. 
This  was  the  turning  point  of  his  destiny  ; 
and  his  conduct  at  this  period,  under  very 
trying  circumstances,  may  be  cited  as  an 
unanswerable  proof  of  the  high  sense  of 
duty,  the  chivalrous  honour,  the  unbend- 
ing firmness,  the  moral  courage,  and  the 
lofty  independence  of  character,  which 
never  left  him.  The  Elector  of  Hesse, 
who  was  married  to  the  sister  of  William 
III.  of  Prussia,  peremptorily  insisted  that 
his  mistress,  Emily  Ortlenp,  on  whom  he 
had  bestowed  the  title  of  Countess,  should 
receive  some  mark  of  personal  recognition 
or  attention  from  his  royal  consort.  The 
Electress  consulted  Radowitz,  who  boldly 


advised  her  not  to  submit  to  the  degrada- 
tion. One  of  his  letters  on  this  delicate 
topic  fell  into  the  Elector's  hands,  and  he 
instantly  became  a  marked  and  ruined  man 
so  long  as  he  remained  in  Hesse.  He  re- 
paired to  Berlin,  where  the  sacrifices  he 
had  incurred  in  the  cause  of  truth  and 
honour  for  a  daughter  of  Prussia,  natu- 
rally formed  a  very  high  recommendation. 
He  was  immediately  indemnified,  so  far  as 
military  rank  and  employment  were  con- 
cerned, by  receiving  exact  equivalents  in 
the  Prussian  service  for  what  he  had  lost. 
He  became  mathematical  tutor  to  Prince 
Albrecht  of  Prussia,  and  was  made  a 
Captain  on  the  staff.  He  published  two 
works  on  geometry  and  one  on  ricochet 
during  the  ten  first  years  of  his  new  ca- 
reer. He  was  elected  member  of  the 
highest  military  board,  a  professor  of  the 
military  academy,  and  an  examiner  of 
artillery  students.  In  1828  he  became 
Major,  and  in  1830  chief  of  the  artillery 
general's  staff. 

While  thus  advancing  through  the  grades 
of  military  preferment  he  was  forming  a 
relation  of  a  yet  more  important  kind. 
A  religious  mystic  and  enthusiast,  his  dis- 
position agreed  exactly  with  that  of  the 
Crown  Prince,  now  the  King  of  Prussia ; 
and  this  geniality  of  temper  and  habit 
proved  of  far  greater  power  than  the  di- 
versity of  the  dogmas  which,  as  Protestant 
and  Catholic,  the  one  and  the  other  held. 

In  1828  Radowitz  married  the  Countess 
Maria  Voss,  daughter  of  the  ambassador. 
He  was  now,  despite  of  his  origin,  a  recog- 
nised member  of  the  court,  and,  without 
any  of  the  cares  or  responsibilities  of  office, 
shared  all  its  counsels.  In  the  year  1829 
he  published  two  books  remarkable  for  the 
contrast  of  their  subjects.  The  first  of 
these  was  '*  Iconography  of  the  Saints," 
containing  historic  notices  of  all  the  re- 
presentations of  the  saints  which  have  come 
down  to  posterity  in  pictures,  coins,  and 
other  memorials ;  with  remarks  on  the 
meaning  of  the  emblems,  attitudes,  and 
other  characteristics  with  which  they  have 
been  invested.  The  other  work  was  called 
"  The  Theatre  of  War  in  Turkey,"  being 
an  application  of  strategetical  principles 
to  the  topographical  features  of  the  coun- 
try between  the  Danube  and  the  Balkan. 

In  18.36  Radowitz  was  named  Military 
Plenipotentiary  of  Prussia  at  the  Germanic 
Diet.  This  appointment,  a  kind  of  hon- 
ourable banishment,  he  owed  to  the  influ- 
ence of  his  opponents  at  court  and  in  the 
ministry. 


188 


Gen,  Von  Radowitz, —  The  Marchioness  Wellesley,       [Feb. 


In  1840  the  prospect  of  war  with  France 
upon  the  accession  of  M.  Thiers  led  to  the 
recall  of  Radowitz  to  Berlin,  whence  he 
was  shortly  after  sent  with  General  von 
der  Groben  to  Vienna,  to  stir  up  the 
government  of  Austria  to  the  defence  of 
Germany.  The  war  never  came  ;  Rado- 
witz brought  about  a  series  of  reforms, 
which  greatly  contributed  to  the  efficiency 
of  the  federal  army,  and  also  did  more 
than  any  other  man  towards  promoting 
the  erection  of  the  existing  fortresses  of 
Ulm  and  Rastall,  and  the  extension  and 
greater  strengthening  of  Mayencc  and 
Luxemburg. 

In  1847  the  present  King  called  Rado- 
witz from  Frankfort,  and  commissioned 
him  to  draw  up  a  memorandum  upon  the 
reconstitution  of  the  Confederation.  This 
was  done,  and  the  memorandum  handed 
to  the  King,  Nov.  20  of  the  same  year. 
l*he  next  day  Radowitz  went  to  Vienna, 
to  make  good  his  views  with  Prince  Met- 
ternich.  A  second  journey  was  undertaken 
to  Vienna  on  the  following  March,  when 
the  revolution  broke  out.  The  memo- 
randum proposed  a  compacter  organization 
of  the  federal  army,  a  supreme  judicial 
court  for  all  Germany,  one  criminal  law, 
one  commercial  and  bankruptcy  code,  one 
customs  union,  one  railway  and  post-office 
system,  free  trade  in  all  provisions,  aboli- 
tion of  river  tuUs  and  of  the  censure,  and, 
finally,  the  publication  of  tlie  proceedings 
of  the  Buud.  In  April,  1848,  Radowitz 
retired  from  the  Prussian  service  in  con- 
sequence of  the  outbreak  and  the  changed 
f  tate  of  affairs. 

In  the  elections  to  the  National  Assem- 
bly, which  was  to  meet  at  Frankfort,  he 
was  returned  for  Arnsberg,  in  Westphalia. 
He  took  his  seat  in  the  Assembly,  hoping 
that  the  public  spirit  of  Germany  would 
put  an  end  to  the  revolution  by  accepting 
the  new  power  it  bad  given  to  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  nation  as  the  basis  of  those 
tangible  reforms  which  had,  up  to  that 
time,  been  attempted  in  vain.  He  spoke 
and  voted  with  the  extreme  right,  desiring 
to  see  the  thirty -nine  sovereignties  formed 
into  one  state,  of  which  Prussia  must  be 
the  head.  The  melancholy  end  of  the 
Assembly,  upon  which  Germany  had  built 
so  many  hopes,  is  only  too  well  known. 
To  the  last,  Radowitz  was  faithful  to  the 
principles  which  had  always  guided  him, 
and  sought  the  unity  of  Germany  by  a 
voluntary  arrangement  between  the  govern- 
ments and  peoples.  When  his  hopes  in 
the  Assembly  had  been  frustrated,  he  re- 
turned to  Berlin  by  desire  of  tiie  King,  and 
became  the  author  of  the  scheme  called 
the  Union.  In  accordance  with  this,  a 
kind  of  federal  body  was  formed  of  about 
eighteen  states,  the  princes  of  which  met 


in  a  congress,  while  the  people  were  repre- 
sented in  a  parliament  which  was  convoked 
at  Erfurt.  A  constitution  was  framed, 
and  the  princes  were  summoned  to  Berlin 
to  adopt  it.  Delays  and  hesitation  took 
place — and  when,  as  was  to  be  expected, 
Austria  opposed  with  growing  strength 
the  establishment  of  a  league  against  her, 
the  sovereigns  of  the  Union  states  found 
that  their  conduct  bad  lost  them  the  con- 
fidence of  the  people.  As  the  crisis  ap- 
proached, it  was  felt  that  Radowitz  was 
bound  to  come  forward  and  assume  the 
responsibility  of  his  own  measures.  He 
accordingly  entered  the  cabinet  in  1850. 
The  Prussian  army  was  mobilised,  and  the 
Landwehr  called  out :  troops  occupied  the 
Etappen-strasse  through  Hesse  Cassel,  in 
which  Austria  had  intervened.  Shots  were 
actually  exchanged  between  Austria  and 
Prussia,  when  the  King  gave  way,  and 
sacrificed,  with  expressions  doubtless  of 
sincere  regret,  his  minister  and  friend. 
Since  then  Von  Radowitz  has  lived  in  com- 
parative retirement. 

His  conversational  powers  made  a  highly 
favourable  impression  in  the  literary  and 
fashionable  world  of  London  during  the 
short  visit  which  he  paid  to  this  country 
about  three  years  since.  He  was  also  emi- 
nently distinguished  as  an  author  on  a 
great  variety  of  subjects.  A  complete  edi- 
tion of  his  works  is  now  in  process  of  pub- 
lication, the  fifth  volume  having  appeared 
shortly  before  his  death. 

His  Countess,  a  beautiful,  amiable,  and 
accomplished  woman,  survives  him. 

His  funeral  was  conducted  at  Berlin 
with  almost  regal  pomp.  On  the  4th 
Jan.  before  the  body  was  sent  to  Erfurt 
for  interment,  there  was  a  religious  ser- 
vice in  the  church  of  the  garrison,  at 
which  the  King  was  present.  His  Ma- 
jesty  approached  the  cofiln,  and  prayed  in 
a  low  voice,  after  which  he  kissed  on  the 
forehead  the  four  sons  of  the  deceased, 
two  of  whom  are  officers  in  the  Prussian 
army. 


The  Marchioness  Wellesley. 

Dec,  17.  Atiier  apartments  in  the  palace 
of  Hampton  Court,  after  a  short  illness, 
the  Most  Hon.  Marianne  Marchioness 
Wellesley. 

Her  Ladyship  was  the  eldest  daughter 
and  coheiress  of  Richard  Caton,  esq.  of 
Maryland,  in  the  United  States  of  America, 
and  sister  to  the  Duchess  of  Leeds  and 
the  dowager  Lady  Stafford. 

She  was  first  married  to  Robert  Patttr- 
son,  esq.  a  merchant  of  New  York. 

On  the  29th  Oct.  1835,  she  became  the 
second  wife  of  Richard  Marquess  Welles- 
ley, K.6.  and  K.P.  This  was  after  the 
period  of  Lord  Wellesley 's  vice-royalty  in 


1854.] 


Obituary.— 7%e  Earl  of  Dartmouth. 


189 


Ireland,  and  whilst  he  was  living  in  re- 
tirement from  public  life.  He  left  her  a 
second  time  a  widow  on  the  26th  Sept. 
1843  (see  his  memoir  in  our  vol.  xviii.  p. 
537). 

In  1830  her  Ladyship  was  appointed  a 
Lady  of  the  Bedchamber  to  her  Majesty 
Queen  Adelaide,  which  office  she  retained 
for  several  years. 

Her  Ladyship's  remains  were  conveyed 
on  Friday,  Dec.  23,  for  interment  to 
Costessy,  near  Norwich,  the  seat  of  Lord 
Stafford.  They  were  received  at  the  chapel, 
and  conducted  to  a  space  before  the  altar, 
where,  after  the  chaunting  of  the  Miserere 
Psalm  and  the  prescribed  prayers,  they 
were  deposited  for  the  night.  The  funeral 
obsequies  began  at  half- past  eight  on 
Saturday  morning.  The  service  consisted 
of  the  Office  for  the  Dead,  the  Mass  of 
Requiem,  with  solemn  music,  and  the 
Final  Absolution  or  Burial  Service,  which 
was  performed  by  the  Very  Rev.  Dr. 
Husenbeth,  many  years  chaplain  to  the 
noble  family  at  Costessy  Hall.  The  funeral 
was  attended  by  Lord  Staff^ord,  Alexander 
Mactavish,  Alfred  Montgomery,  John  Y. 
Down,  esqs.  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Smith. 
There  were  also  present  her  Grace  the 
Duchess  of  Leeds  and  the  dowager  Lady 
Stafford,  sisters  of  the  departed.  The 
funeral  being  private,  the  attendance  of 
several  noble  relatives  was  respectfully  de- 
clined. In  accordance  with  the  good  old 
charitable  practice,  a  dole  of  bread  was 
given  to  the  poor  of  Costessy  on  the  oc- 
casion of  tlie  funeral. 


The  Earl  of  Dartmouth. 

Nov.  22.  At  Patshull,  co.  Stafford, 
having  nearly  completed  his  69th  year,  tiie 
Right  Hon.  William  Legge,  fourth  Earl  of 
Dartmouth  and  Viscount  Lewisham,  co. 
Kent  (1711),  fifth  Baron  Dartmouth,  of 
Dartmouth,  co.  Devon  (1G82),  a  Vice- 
Lieutenant  of  Staffordshire,  Colonel  of  the 
Staffordshire  Militia,  a  Director  of  the 
British  Institution,  and  Councillor  of 
King's  College,  London,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S., 
and  F.S.A. 

Lord  Dartmouth  was  born  in  the  parish 
of  St.  George,  Hanover-square,  on  the 
29th  Nov.  1784,  the  eldest  son  of  George 
third  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  K.G.  sometime 
Lord  Chamberlain  to  King  George  the 
Third,  by  Lady  Frances  Finch,  second 
daughter  of  Heneage  third  Earl  of  Ayles- 
ford.  He  was  a  member  of  Christchurch, 
Oxford,  where  he  graduated  B.A.  in  1805, 
and  was  created  D.C.L.  in  1834. 

On  the  1st  Nov.  1810,  he  succeeded  to 
the  peerage  on  the  death  of  his  father. 

Lord  Dartmouth  was  warmly  attached 
to  the  throne  and  the  principles  of  the 


constitution.  He  adhered  to  the  Conser- 
vative party,  but  was  in  no  degree  an  op- 
poser  of  those  necessary  practical  improye- 
ments  which  an  advanced  stage  of  social 
progress,  a  vastly  increased  manufacturing 
system,  and  an  enormously  extended  com- 
merce, require.  His  objections,  therefore, 
were  rather  to  the  details  than  to  the  prin- 
ciples of  several  public  measure^  which  he 
opposed.  In  Parliament,  however,  beyond 
voting,  his  lordship  did  not  take  any  active 
part.  In  the  country  he  was  vigilant,  yet 
not  ostentatious,  in  the  performance  of 
every  duty ;  and  his  regular  attendance  on 
the  magisterial  bench,  and  his  appearance 
generally  at  the  meetings  of  the  many 
charities  in  the  county  and  the  district,  to 
which  he  contributed,  produced  a  large 
amount  of  good  ;  his  decisions  as  a  magis- 
trate being  sound  and  discriminative,  and 
his  advice  as  a  friend  of  the  institutions 
he  supported  always  of  the  most  valuable 
kind.  H  is  lordship  never  made  any  attempt 
at  oratorical  display  ;  but  a  prominent  fea- 
ture of  his  character,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
illustrious  Duke  of  Wellington,  was  a  con- 
stant sense  of  duty,  and  an  earnest  desire 
to  perform  it,  always  feeling  his  deep 
responsibility  as  an  English  peer,  a  gentle- 
man, and  a  Christian.  In  Birmingham 
and  its  neighbourhood  especially,  his  lord- . 
ship  took  an  active  part  in  all  public  mat- 
ters. By  his  presence,  advice,  and  liberal 
pecuniary  assistance,  he  identified  his  name 
with  every  institution  of  a  benevolent  cha- 
racter, and  his  private  munificence,  we 
may  safely  say,  knew  no  limits.  It  would 
be  impossible  to  particularise  the  instances 
in  which  the  noble  Earl's  liberality  was 
manifested  ;  but  his  constant  connection 
with  the  General  Hospital,  and  the  part 
he  took  in  establbhing  the  School  of  Me- 
dicine, since  expanded  into  the  Queen's 
College,  the  Botanical  Gardens  at  Edg- 
baston,  and  the  Society  of  Arts,  testifies 
to  the  interest  he  felt  in  the  welfare  of  the 
town ;  he  was  amongst  the  earliest  promo- 
ters of  the  Church  of  England  Cemetery, 
and  only  a  few  weeks  ago  indicated  his 
continued  interest  by  a  handsome  donation 
towards  opening  its  church  for  divine 
service.  He  likewise  materially  aided  in 
founding  the  late  Philosophical  Institu- 
tion, and  subscribed  most  liberally  towards 
the  proposed  Midland  Institute. 

His  sympathy  with  the  working  classes 
was  strong,  and  his  efforts  for  their  im- 
provement earnest  and  continuous  *,  nor 
in  promoting  their  good  did  he  seek  to 
prevent  judicious  pastimes.  Bull-baiting 
and  dog-fighting  were  common  amuse- 
ments when  West  Bromwich  was  a  village, 
not  a  very  great  many  years  ago :  his  lord- 
ship interfered  to  stop  these  discreditable 
proceedings,  but,  doing  this,  he  gave  the 


190 


Obitoary.— 7%tf  Earl  of  Portsmouth. 


[Feb. 


inhabitants  the  privilege  of  access  to  five 
acres  of  land  which  he  inclosed,  for  cricket, 
trapball,  racket,  running,  leaping,  and 
other  games  and  exercises  in  which  its 
frequenters  might  please  to  indulge ;  thus, 
with  a  benevolent  foresight,  anticipating, 
in  some  degree,  the  present  movement  in 
favour  of  parks  and  grounds  for  popular 
recreation.  His  acquaintance  with  many 
of  the  branches  of  abstract  and  experi- 
mental science  was  familiar  and  profound, 
and  not  only  in  England,  but  in  trans- 
atlantic states,  bis  patronage,  pecuniary 
and  otherwise,  was  freely  bestowed. 

From  an  early  period  of  his  life,  his 
lordship  took  a  lively  interest  in  the  Kiug^8 
Own  Regiment  of  Staffordshire  Militia. 
He  was  appointed  Major  in  that  regiment 
the  23  rd  Oct.  1805,  and  succeeded  to  the 
command  as  Colonel  on  the  death  of  its 
Colonel,  the  Earl  of  Uxbridge,  by  com- 
mission dated  I5tb  April,  \H\2.  In  1813, 
when  a  revolutionary  movement  broke  out 
in  Holland,  after  the  destructive  battle  of 
Leipsic,  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth  set  an  ex- 
ample to  the  domestic  branch  of  the  military 
force  by  offering  his  personal  service,  and 
endeavouring,  in  conjunction  with  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Newdigate,  to  induce  the  regiment 
to  volunteer  as  a  provisional  battalion,  in 
aid  of  the  general  army,  for  foreign  ser- 
vice. His  lordship's  gallant  and  generous 
offer  not  having  received  a  very  extensive 
response  in  the  regiment,  the  project  was 
abandoned  ;  but  507  men,  with  a  full  pro- 
portion of  officers,  were  accepted  by  the 
Government,  and  joined  the  Guards,  and 
other  infantry  regiments,  which  distin- 
guished themselves  at  the  crowning  struggle 
on  the  plains  of  Waterloo.  The  regiment 
under  his  command  in  1814  would  bear 
comparison,  both  in  numbers  and  efficiency, 
with  any  regiment  in  the  service  ;  and  the 
mildness  with  which  he  enforced  the  vari- 
ous parts  of  military  discipline,  together 
with  his  courteous  demeanour  towards  the 
officers,  irrespective  of  rank  or  other  social 
considerations,  gave  him  an  advantage  be« 
yond  ordinary  comparison.  In  1814  the 
regiment  was  disembodied,  and  so  re- 
mained until  the  escape  of  Buonaparte 
from  Elba,  in  the  spring  of  the  following 
year,  when  it  replaced  the  troops  of  the  line 
in  Ireland,  and  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth  was 
on  duty  with  the  regiment  until  1816.  On 
the  revival  of  this  useful  and  constitutional 
force,  last  year,  his  lordship  entered  with 
great  zeal  upon  the  work  of  its  organiza- 
tion ;  and  to  the  last  his  lordship  cherished 
the  greatest  solicitude  that  the  re* organised 
battalion  which  had  been  placed  under  his 
charge  should  become  as  effective  as  the 
one,  which,  in  the  more  palmy  days  of  its 
history  had  been  proudly  distinguished  as 
the  personal  guard  of  his  Majesty  George 


the  Third,  and  flatteringly  recorded  in  the 
annals  of  the  Horse  Guards. 

So  late  as  Saturday,  the  5th  Nov.  he  at- 
tended a  meeting  in  Stafford,  at  which 
some  of  the  principal  officers  of  the  Staf- 
fordshire MUitia  regiments  assembled,  to 
confer  with  the  Deputy  Lieutenants  on  the 
subject  of  the  accommodation  required  for 
the  dep6ts  of  the  three  regiments,  at  Staf- 
ford, Lichfield,  and  Newcastle.  It  was 
remarked  on  that  occasion  that  Lord 
Dartmouth  seemed  to  feel  the  influence  of 
the  cold  more  than  usual ;  but  no  one 
ascribed  it  to  any  more  serious  cause  than 
slight  temporary  indisposition,  nor  antici- 
pated that  the  county,  and  the  large  district 
through  which  the  influence  of  his  charac- 
ter was  felt,  would  ^o  soon  be  deprived  of 
his  valuable  services  and  example. 

Lord  Dartmouth  had  usually  resided  at 
Sandwell,  near  Birmingham.  The  Patshull 
estate,  in  the  same  county,  was  purchased 
by  him  from  Sir  Robert  Pigot,  Bart,  about 
Ave  years  since;  and  though  he  had  occa- 
sionally resided  there,  it  was  only  durine 
the  last  summer  that  his  lordship  and 
family  had  removed  to  it  from  Sandwell, 
with  the  intention  of  making  it  a  perma- 
nent residence. 

Lord  Dartmouth  was  twice  married : 
first,  on  the  5th  April,  1821,  to  Lady 
Frances  Charlotte  Talbot,  eldest  daughter 
of  Charles -Chetwynd  second  Earl  Tal- 
bot. By  that  lady,  who  died  on  the  4th 
Oct.  1823,  he  had  issue  two  sons,  George 
Viscount  Lewisham,  who  died  in  18?3, 
aged  sixteen  months ;  and  William- Walter, 
now  Earl  of  Dartmouth. 

The  Earl  married  secondly,  Oct.  25, 
1828,  the  Hon.  Frances  Barrington, second 
daughter  of  George  5th  Viscount  Barring- 
ton  ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  died  Aug.  11, 
1849,  he  had  further  issue  fifteen  children, 
six  sons  and  nine  daughters,  who  are  all 
living,  and  at  present  unmarried.  The 
Hon.  George  Barrington  Legge,  the  eldest 
son  of  this  family,  is  a  Second  Lieutenant 
in  the  Rifle  Brigade. 

The  present  Earl  was  born  in  1823,  and 
married  in  1846  his  second-cousin  Lady 
Augusta  Finch,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Earl 
of  Aylesford,  by  whom  he  has  issue  Wil- 
liam-Heneage  now  Viscount  Lewisham, 
born  in  1851,  and  other  children.  His 
lordship  has  been  M.P.  for  South  Staf- 
fordshire in  the  present  Parliament. 


The  Earl  of  Portsmouth. 
Jan,  9.  At  Eggesford,  in  Devonshire, 
in  his  82d  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Newton 
Fellowes,  fourth  Earl  of  Portsmouth  (1743), 
Viscount  Lymington,  co.  Southampton, 
and  Baron  Wallop  of  Wallop  in  the  same 
connty  (1730),  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of 
Devonshire. 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Lord  Plunket. 


191 


His  Lordship  was  the  third  son  of  John 
the  second  Earl  by  Urania,  daughter  of 
Coolson  Fellowes,  esq.  of  Hampstead, 
Middlesex,  and  Eggesford,  co.  De?on.  He 
Tfas  born  at  Hurstbourne  Park  in  Hamp- 
shire  on  the  26th  June,  1772,  and  was 
edncated  at  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
where  the  degree  of  M.A.  was  conferred 
upon  him  in  1792. 

On  succeeding  to  the  estates  of  his 
maternal  uncle  Henry  Arthur  Fellowes, 
esq.  of  Eggesford,  he  took  the  name  and 
arms  of  Fellowes,  (in  lieu  of  his  own  pa- 
tronymic of  "Wallop,')  by  his  Majesty's 
license  dated  August  9,  1794. 

In  1807  he  was  returned  to  Parliament 
for  Andover,  and  he  continued  to  repre- 
sent that  borough  during  several  parlia- 
ments until  1820.  In  1832,  on  the  increase 
of  the  members  for  the  county  of  Devon 
by  the  Reform  Act,  he  was  selected  to 
represent  its  Northern  Division,  and  was 
returned  without  opposition  in  conjunction 
with  his  brother-in-law  Lord  Ebrington 
(the  present  Earl  Fortescue).  They  were 
re-elected  in  1835  ;  but  in  1837  Mr.  New- 
ton Fellowes  retired,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Sir  Thomas  Dyke  Acland,  Bart,  a 
Conservative.  After  that  period,  Mr. 
Newton  Fellowes  was  out  of  Parliament ; 
until  he  succeeded  to  the  peerage  on  the 
death  of  his  brother  the  late  eccentric 
Earl  on  the  14th  July,  1853  (see  our  last 
volume,  p.  307.) 

Mr.  Newton  Fellowes  was  always  a 
zealous  and  energetic  supporter  of  Liberal 
politics,  but  at  the  same  time  his  manners 
were  cordial  and  conciliatory  to  all  parties. 
He  was  an  active  promoter  of  local  im- 
provements. The  beautiful  road  which 
connects  Exeter  with  Barnstaple  was 
mainly  formed  by  his  exertions,  and  with 
the  aid  of  his  pecuniary  advances ;  and 
when  a  railroad  communication  was  hrst 
proposed  for  the  north  of  Devon  he  pro- 
moted its  formation  with  great  public - 
spirit  and  self-sacrifice.  In  former  days 
Eggesford  was  the  very  focus  of  hospitality, 
as  well  as  of  employment  for  his  poorer 
neighbours ;  and  in  all  his  beneficent 
efforts  he  was  warmly  seconded  by  his 
amiable  wife. 

The  late  Earl  was  twice  married,  and 
had  issue  by  both  marriages.  His  first 
wife  was  Frasces,  fourth  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Castcll  Sherard,  of  Glatton,  co. 
Huntingdon,  and  a  cousin  of  the  Earl  of 
Harborough.  By  that  lady,  who  died 
March  15,  1819,  he  had  issue  two  sons  and 
three  daughters:  1.  Fanny- Jane- Urania, 
who  died  in  1814,  in  her  1 8th  year;  2. 
Lady  Henrietta- Caroline,  married  in  182G 
to  Joseph  Chichester  Nagle,  esq.  of  Calver- 
leigh  Court,  Devon ;  3.  Henry  Arthur 
Wallop  Fellowes,  esq.  M.P.  for  Andover 


in  1832>5 ;  who  died  unmarried  in  1847, 
in  his  48th  year ;  4.  Newton-Johu-Alez- 
ander,  who  died  an  infant  in  1801  ;  and 
5.  Louisa-Maria,  who  died  an  infant  in 
1803. 

His  Lordship  married  secondly,  June 
^24, 1820,  Lady  Catharine  Fortescue,  second 
daughter  of  Hugh  first  Earl  Fortescue. 
and  by  that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he  had 
further  issue  one  son  and  three  daughters: 
G.  Lady  Catharine,  married  in  1843  to 
Seymour  Phillips  Allen,  esq.  son  of  (he 
late  John  Hensleigh  Allen,  esq.  of  Cres- 
sellcy,  CO.  Pembroke,  and  grandson  of  the 
late  Lord  Robert  Seymour ;  7.  Lady 
Hester-Urania,  married  in  1847  to  Ralph 
Merrick  Lceke,  esq.  of  Longford  Hall, 
Shropshire ;  8.  the  Right  Hon.  Isaac* 
Newton  now  Earl  of  Portsmouth  ;  and  9. 
Lady  Camilla-Eleanor,  married  in  1852  to 
her  cousin  the  Hon:  Dudley  Francis  For- 
tescue, youngest  son  of  Earl  Fortescue. 

The  present  Earl  of  Portsmouth  was 
born  in  1825,  and  is  unmarried.  He  was 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Andover  in 
1847. 


Lord  Plunket. 

Jan.  5.  At  his  seat,  Old  Connaught, 
CO.  Wicklow,  in  his  90th  year,  the  Right 
Hon.  William  Conyngham  Plunket,  Baron 
Plunket  of  Newtown,  co.  Cork,  in  the 
Peerage  of  the  United  i^ingdom,  a  Privy 
Councillor  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
and  LL.D. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Plunket,  the  pastor 
of  a  Presbyterian  congregation  in  Ennis- 
killen,  had  two  sons,  the  eldest  of  whom 
was  I'atrick  ;  the  second,  considerably 
junior  to  his  brother,  was  the  celebrated 
man  whose  death  we  have  just  recorded. 
Lord  Plunket  was  born  in  that  town  in 
July,  17C1.  In  a  pecuniary  sense  his 
prospect  of  inlieritancc  was  small,  but  na- 
ture compensated  him  by  the  most  pre- 
cious of  her  gifts — a  sound  mind  in  a 
vigorous  frame.  A  few  of  the  north  of 
Ireland  Presbyterians  doubt  the  doctrine 
of  the  Trinity,  as  it  is  generally  received 
in  Christian  churches,  and  of  that  number 
was  Mr.  Thomas  Plunket.  While  yet  a 
comparatively  young  man  he  removed  with 
his  family  to  Dublin,  where  he  became 
the  minister  of  Strand-street  Chapel.  This 
change  greatly  facilitated  an  object  very 
dear  to  his  heart,  that  of  giving  a  liberal 
education  and  learned  professions  to  both 
his  sons.  Patrick,  the  eldest,  became  a 
physician,  died  childless,  and,  we  believe, 
unmarried,  more  than  forty  years  ago, 
bequeathing  to  his  brother  William  Plun- 
ket a  large  library  and  a  very  considerable 
fortune.  William  was,  however,  yet  a 
boy  when  death  removed  his  father  from  a 
world,  in  which  his  struggles  were  at  once 


192 


Obituary.— Zorf^  Plunket, 


[Feb. 


severe  and  unsuccessful.  He  died  in  em- 
barrassed circumstances,  and  left  to  his 
congregation  the  care  of  his  family.  This 
appeal  was  handsomely  responded  to,  and, 
though  the  Unitarians  in  Dublin  were 
neither  numerous  nor  wealthy,  still  a  suf- 
ficient sum  was  subscribed  to. pay  Mr. 
Plunket's  debts,  as  well  as  to  defray  the 
expense  of  keeping  the  younger  son  at 
school,  and  completing  the  education  of 
the  elder,  who  soon  found  himself  in  a 
condition  to  return  their  assistance  as 
well  as  to  contribute  to  the  expenses  of 
William  Plunket,  who  had  resolved  to  en- 
gage in  the  profession  of  the  law,  upon 
which  he  entered  in  Hilary  Term,  1787, 
having  previously  obtained  a  scholarship 
and  graduated  with  considerable  credit  at 
Trinity  College,  Dublin.  He  was  there 
the  contemporary  of  the  well-known  Arch- 
bishop Magee  :  they  were  both  natives  of 
the  same  county,  both  of  humble  origin, 
both  the  architects  of  their  own  fortunes, 
both  men  who  reached  the  highest  digni- 
ties in  their  respective  professions,  and 
both  **  sworn  friends  and  true,"  who  as- 
sisted each  other  in  the  race  of  life  till  all 
its  difficulties  were  subdued.  Mr.  Plun- 
ket was  called  to  the  bar  in  1787.  He 
had  already  acquired  no  small  fame  for 
oratory  in  a  debating  club  called  the  His- 
torical Society,  which  in  those  days  held 
its  meetings  within  the  walls  of  the  Dublin 
University.  Lord  Charlemont,  who  was 
then  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Irish  Liberal 
party,  immediately  brought  him  into  the 
Irish  House  of  Commons  for  his  own  bo- 
rough of  Charlemont,  and  Mr.  Plunket 
at  once  commenced  his  political  career. 
He  was  bold,  sarcastic,  unsparing :  at 
once  witty  and  logical,  popular  and  pru- 
dent. Stimulated  by  narrow  circumstances 
and  boundless  ambition,  he  gave  all  his 
days,  and  almost  all  his  nights,  to  toils 
which  politicians  "  court,  and  think  them 
joy  ;  ^'  but,  though  capable  of  speaking  at 
the  shortest  notice,  he  yet  was  a  holiday 
orator.  He  could  indeed  speak  with  ease 
and  effect  about  anything  or  nothing  ;  but 
he  never  relished  small  skirmishing,  and 
almost  always  reserved  himself  for  great 
occasions.  Not  that  he  ever  was  in  the 
habit  of  writing  pamphlets  and  commit- 
ting them  to  memory,  but  it  seemed  as  if 
the  fervour  necessary  to  his  nobler  efforts 
could  only  be  excited  by  profound  emo- 
tions long  indulged,  supported  by  reason- 
ings so  cherished  and  nurtured  as  to  have 
become  a  part  of  his  being.  With  the 
every -day  business  of  legislation  his  name 
is  therefore  little  associated,  while  the 
fame  which  he  acquired  in  the  Irish  House 
of  Commons  is  due  principally  to  the 
power  which  he  displayed  in  resisting  the 
Legislative  Union.  He  scarcely  could  be 
10 


said  to  have  brought  to  its  discussion  the 
views  of  a  philosopher  or  the  experience 
of  a  statesman ;  but  from  night  to  night, 
during  the  debates  on  the  Union,  he  di- 
rected against  the  Treasury  Bench  a  per- 
fect hurricane  of  wrath.  Although  these 
efforts  conferred  no  benefit  on  his  coun- 
try, they  tended  greatly  to  advance  his 
own  reputation ;  although  the  Viceregal 
Castle  would  not  capitulate,  he  took  the 
Four  Courts  by  storm.  The  palace  of  the 
Lord-Lieutenant  closed  its  gates,  but  in 
the  Temple  of  Justice  he  was  received  as 
her  most  favoured  son ;  a  professional 
income,  which  had  been  reckoned  by 
hundreds  soon  rose  to  be  computed  by 
thousands,  and  the  legal  circles  of  Dublin, 
not  less  than  those  of  the  North -West 
Circuit,  still  cherish  the  traditions  of  his 
forensic  victories.  Every  faculty  of  his 
vigorous  mind,  as  well  as  every  feature  of 
his  extraordinary  character,  were  disci- 
plined and  developed  by  the  Union  de- 
bates ;  and  most  especially  did  he  acquire 
fame  from  the  boldness — we  had  almost 
said  the  audacity — with  which  he  con- 
fronted his  political  adversaries.  On  one 
occasion  Sir  Jonah  Barrington  insinuated 
that  corruption  had  been  attempted  ;  mi- 
nisters threatened  to  move  that  his  words 
be  taken  down  ;  Plunket  instantly  con- 
verted the  insinuation  into  a  specific  charge, 
accompanied  with  the  bitterest  revilings, 
and  at  every  interval  in  the  long  series  of 
his  reproaches  he  challenged  the  Treasury 
to  *•  lake  down  his  words."  These  suc- 
cessive cartels,  however,  were  not  accepted. 
It  was  in  this  speech  that  he  uttered  the 
schoolboy  declaration  of  which  Mr.  O'Con- 
nell  and  Mr.  Cobbett  many  years  after- 
wards made  frequent  use  to  raise  an  occa- 
sional laugh,  both  in  Conciliation-hall  and 
the  House  of  Commons.  The  matter  on 
both  sides  is  abundantly  absurd,  and  only 
worth  recording  as  an  illustration  of  the 
puerilities  which  were  then  in  fashion. 
Mr.  Plunket  said  he  should  imitate  the 
father  of  Hannibal,  and  enjoin  his  sons  to 
"  swear  eternal  vengeance  against  the  ene- 
mies of  their  country,** — viz.  the  Saxons. 
Mr.  0*Connell,  taking  advantage  of  this, 
always  called  the  junior  Plunkets  "  young 
Hannibals.** 

The  extinction  of  the  Irish  Parliament 
seemed  for  a  time  to  extinguish  Mr. 
Plunket's  hopes  of  building  up  the  cha- 
racter of  a  statesman  ;  but  he  *'  improved 
the  occasion  **  by  creating  the  greatest 
forensic  reputation  that  any  Irishman  ever 
attained.  He  was  a  man  of  thirteen  years' 
standing  in  his  profession  and  a  King^s 
Counsel  when  the  Union  took  place,  while 
it  is  well  known  that  in  a  short  time  after 
his  **  call  *'  he  had  obtained  business  suf- 
ficient to  justify  his  being  allied  in  marriage 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Lord  Plunket, 


193 


to  a  lady  of  good  fortune,  and  descended 
from  an  ancient  family.  The  wife  of  Mr. 
Plunket  was  Catherine,  only  dau.  of  John 
M'Causland,  esq.  of  Strabane,  who  had 
represented  the  county  of  Donegal  in  four 
Parliaments.  The  union  of  Mr.  Plunket 
with  Miss  M*Cau8land  took  place  in  1791, 
and  a  numerous  family  were  the  issue  of 
that  marriage.  Anxious  as  he  must  neces- 
sarily have  been  at  this  period  of  his  life 
to  provide  for  the  necessities  of  his  position, 
yet  he  cordially  united  with  his  brother 
Dr.  Plunket  in  returning  to  those  members 
of  bis  father^s  congregation  who  subscribed 
to  pay  that  gentleman's  debts  and  main- 
tain his  family  the  amount  of  all  their 
contributions,  with  full  interest,  so  that 
the  Unitarians  of  Strand-street  lost  no 
money  and  gained  much  honour  by  their 
connexion  with  the  Plunkets. 

When  the  rebellion  of  1798  burst  forth, 
Mr.  Plunket  was  a  member  of  Parliament, 
a  rising  roan  at  the  bar,  and  the  father  of 
a  family — all  excellent  reasons,  even  if 
higher  motives  were  wanting,  to  restrain 
him  from  abetting  that  sanguinary  move- 
ment ;  though  he  subsequently  gave  his 
professional  aid  to  some  few  among  its 
leaders  and  victims.  Many  years  before 
that  fatal  period,  at  the  time  when  Parisian 
savans  were  indoctrinating  all  Europe,  it 
was  said  that  Mr.  Plunket  did  not  quite 
escape  their  influence,  and  that  among  the 
Irish  Liberals  of  1789 — more  especially 
at  the  houses  of  Dr.  Emmett  and  his  son 
Thomas,  Mr.  Plunket  was  accustomed  to 
proclaim  that  *'  all  the  sovereigns  of  Eu- 
rope were  malefactors,  and  all  the  nations 
of  Europe  enslaved."  This  charge  was 
urged  with  sufficient  pertinacity  to  render 
Mr.  Plunket  very  desirous  of  some  signal 
and  public  opportunity  to  give  it  a  prac- 
tical refutation.  An  occasion  favourable 
for  that  purpose  presented  itself  in  August, 
1803,  upon  the  trial  of  Robert  Emmett, 
whose  followers  murdered  the  Irish  Chief 
Justice,  Lord  Kilwarden,  when  Mr.  Plunket 
appeared,  in  addition  to  the  law  officers  of 
the  Crown,  as  counsel  for  the  prosecution. 
There  are  those  who  have  thought  and 
said  that  he  discharged  his  duty  during 
that  painful  trial  in  a  manner  more  remark- 
able for  zeal  in  his  cause  than  for  humane 
consideration  towards  the  culprit.  The 
immediate  conviction  and  ultimate  fate  of 
the  prisoner  were  regarded  as  matters  of 
certainty.  The  earnest  address  of  Mr. 
Plunket  to  the  jury  was  therefore  calcu- 
lated to  promote  no  other  object  than  the 
very  superfluous  purpose  of  dissociating 
himself  from  the  frantic  and  criminal  author 
of  the  cmenie  in  which  Lord  Kilwarden 
fell.  Mr.  Emmett  in  return  assailed  him 
with  the  measureless  sarcasm  of  which  Mr. 
Plunket  himself  had  set  many  examples, 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol,  XLI. 


accusing  him  of  having  inculcated  popular 
resistance  and  physical  force  in  his  speeches 
both  at  the  bar  and  in  Parliament ;  while 
the  adversaries  of  established  order,  im- 
mediately after  the  trial,  charged  him  with 
ingratitude  and  treachery  in  volunteering 
to  assail  the  son  and  brother  of  men  with 
whom  he  had  lived  on  terms  of  intimacy, 
and  with  whom  he  once  had  shared  those 
sentiments  which,  on  the  trial  of  Robert 
Emmett  in  1803,  he  indignantly  repro- 
bated. That  this  accusation  was  utterly 
false  Mr.  Plunket  proved  long  afterwards, 
upon  the  trial  of  an  action  which  he  brought 
against  William  Cobbett  for  propagating 
that  unfounded  charge. 

On  the  22d  Oct.  1803,  Mr.  Plunket  was 
advanced  to  the  office  of  Solicitor- General 
for  Ireland,  and  on  the  15th  Oct.  1805,  to 
that  of  Attorney- General.  From  this  time 
forward  he  naturally  sought  to  extend  his 
sphere  of  action,  and  he  therefore  resolved 
to  connect  himself  with  one  of  the  great 
political  parties  into  which  the  candidates 
for  office  were  then  divided.  That  section 
of  public  men  who  acknowledged  the  late 
Lord  Grenville  for  their  leader  received 
Mr.  Plunket's  co-operation  as  an  accession 
of  strength  well  worthy  of  acceptance ; 
and  in  1806,  when  the  ministry  called 
**  All  the  Talents  "  forced  themselves  upon 
George  III.  Mr.  Plunket  continued  to  be 
the  first  law  officer  of  the  Crown  in  Ire- 
land. By  the  arrangements  then  made, 
Mr.  Plunket's  patron.  Lord  Grenville,  was 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  Government, 
and  Mr.  Fox  as  leader  in  the  House  of 
Commons.  For  the  mistakes  which  that 
ministry  committed  in  England  during 
their  brief  possession  of  power  Mr.  Plunket 
was  in  no  respect  responsible.  The  ad- 
ministration of  Irish  affairs  proceeded  at 
that  time  rather  smoothly  and  speciously  ; 
Irish  produce  was  much  in  demand,  rents 
were  comparatively  well  paid  during  the 
war,  and  the  minds  of  the  populace  were 
fixed  upon  the  single  object  of  Roman 
Catholic  Emancipation,  which  they  hoped 
to  see  achieved  by  a  Liberal  ministry. 
The  death  of  Mr.  Fox,  however,  and  the 
pressure  on  the  King  respecting  Roman 
Catholic  claims  broke  up  the  Government, 
and  Mr.  Plunket  resigned,  after  holding 
the  office  of  Attorney-General  from  Oct. 
1805  till  May  1807.  He  had  now  ceased 
to  go  circuit ;  in  a  great  measure  he  with- 
drew from  the  Common  Law  courts,  and 
gave  himself  up  to  the  pursuit  of  Chancery 
practice,  which  he  seemed  to  prefer  upon 
the  obvious  ground  of  minimum  labour 
with  maximum  reward — certainly  not  from 
any  inaptitude  for  other  departments  of 
his  profession,  since  he  was  in  all  respects 
at  the  head  of  the  Irish  bar.  In  every 
Chancery  suit    he    appeared   as  leading 

2C 


194 


Obituary.— Zorrf  Plunket. 


[Feb. 


counsel,  and  coniiuued  in  the  undisputed 
enjoyment  of  that  position  from  1807  till 
1827,  in  the  course  of  which  period  his 
fees,  exclusive  of  professional  gains  during 
the  preceding  twenty  years,  could  not  have 
amounted  to  less  than  an  average  income 
of  6,000/.  per  annum. 

Lord  Grenville  and  the  late  Lord  Grey 
were  members  of  the  Whig  cabinet   of 
1 806-7 .    When  that  Government  resigned, 
both  those  noble  lords,  followed  by  their 
respective  adherents,  formed  a  combination 
of  political  interests  which-  lasted  fifteen 
years,  but  which  never  amounted  to  perfect 
amalgation.     The  Grenville  section  of  that 
party  continued  to  include  Mr.  Plunket, 
and  to  receive  from  him  all   the  support 
which  a  man  neither  in  office  nor  in  Par- 
liament was  capable  of  yielding.     At  that 
time  the  franchise  of  the  Dublin  University 
was  vested  in  a  very  limited  number  of 
electors,  so  restricted  that  they  could  not 
exceed  93,  viz.  the  provost,  7  senior  fel- 
lows, 16  junior  fellows — which  was  then 
their  utmost  number, — and  70  "  scholars 
of  the  house. '^     Of  this  latter  class  some 
were  minors,  so  that  rarely  so  many  as  80 
electors  ever  came  to  the  poll.     Over  this 
body  Dr.  Magee,  the  old  companion  and 
faithful  ally  of  Plunket,  exercised  con- 
siderable influence.     Still,  neither  the  in- 
fluence  of  Dr.  Magee  nor  the  fame  of  Mr. 
Plunket  could  secure  a  favourable  result 
till  the  general  election  of  1812,  for  he 
was  known  to  be  favourable  to  Roman 
Catholic  claims,  and  it  was  then  for  the 
first  time  Mr.  Plunket  took  his  seat  in 
the  British  House  of  Commons  as  repre- 
sentative of  the  learning  and  orthodoxy  of 
Ireland.     He  had  previously  sat  for  Mid- 
hurst  from  January  1807  till  April  in  the 
same  year.      Mr.   Plunket   came  to  this 
country  with  a  reputation  for  eloquence  ; 
but   Irish   oratory  was,  even  then,  at  a 
discount,  and  there  existed  no  predispo- 
sition to  think  favourably  of  Mr.  Plunket's 
powers.    A  single  speech,  however,  sufficed 
to  set  him  right  with  the  House.     When 
he  first  rose  no  one  knew  what  sort  of 
oration  to  expect — a  dry  lawyer-like  dis- 
quisition or  a  burst  of  Celtic  declama- 
tion.     No    one    was   prepared   for,   and 
therefore  everybody   listened    with   sur- 
prise  and    attention    to    a    man    whose 
quiet,  self-possessed,  grave,  and  studious 
mien  bore  no  trace  of  Hibernian  origin; 
a  startling  array  of  facts,  reasoning,  in- 
genious, severe,   and  eminently  forcible, 
a  masterly  grasp  of  the  whole  subject, 
felicity  of  illustration,  variety,  condensa- 
tion, freshness,  the  choicest  diction  ren- 
dered doubly  expressive    by   a  delivery 
earnest,  impressive,  and  unaffected,  pro- 
cured for  his  dibut  an  amount  of  favour 
•0  great  that  the  wonder  is  he  should  hare 


socceeded   in    preserving    it  unimpaired 
throughout  the  fifteen  years  that  he  sat  in 
our  House  of  Commons.    His  exterior 
certainly  presented  nothing  prepossessing; 
his  stature  was  short,  his  limbs  clumsy, 
his  countenance  a  small  and  unfavourable 
specimen   of  the   Scotish    physiognomy, 
aggravated  by  a  true  **  vinegar  aspect;" 
yet  his    parliamentary  success  was    not 
merely  remarkable— it  was  brilliant.    The 
great  men  of  that  day  vied  with  each  other 
in  complimenting  their  new  companion ; 
and   Mr.    Canning  was  bold  enough  to 
affirm  that  the  advent    of  such   a  man 
brought  back  the  days  of  Burke  and  Pitt, 
of  Fox  and  Sheridan.     Fortunately,  this 
stimulating  incense  did  not  subsequently 
tempt  him  into  the  freaks,  the  fustian,  or 
the  passionate  exaggeration  of  the  Irish 
school.     As  Macau  lay  says  of  Hampden, 
"  his  eloquence  was   of  the   kind    most 
esteemed  in  Parliament — ready,  weighty, 
perspicuous,  condensed."     Though  by  no 
means  destitute  of  imagination  and  sensi- 
bility, he  never  yielded  to  slight,  tempo- 
rary, or  false  emotions  ;  usually  masculine 
and  dignified,  not  often  petulant,  irascible, 
or  coarse,  the  peculiar  and  distinguishing 
characteristic  of  his  eloquence  was  a  sus- 
tained intensity— -**  Strong  without  rage, 
without  o'erflowing  full."     He  always  en- 
joyed  the  reputation  of  being   **  a  good 
hater,"  ever  ready  to  sacrifice  collateral 
and  inferior  objects  to  the  main  purpose 
of  crushing  hostile  forces,  and  not  merely 
achieving,  but  reaping  the  fruits  of  victory, 
while  his  speeches  seemed  almost  to  de- 
serve  all   the  praise    bestowed  by  Ben 
Jonson  on  Lord  Bacon,  when   he  says, 
**  no  man  ever  spoke  more  neatly,  more 
pressly,  or  suffered  less  emptiness,   less 
idleness  in   what  he  uttered."     In   the 
world  of  politics  he  rarely  conceded  any 
advantage,  and  never  spared  an  adversary, 
but  in  private  life  he  was  placable,  rather 
generous,  and  even  kind-hearted.     Amid 
bis  domestic  circle  he  is  said  to  have  been 
most  amiable. 

At  the  general  election  of  1818  Mr. 
Plunket's  claim  to  the  representation  of 
Dublin  University  was  contested  by  Mr. 
John  Wilson  Croker,  then  Secretary  to 
the  ^Admiralty,  who  was  supported  by  the 
government  influence,  and  stood  upon  the 
old  Tory  and  anti- Catholic  interest,  but 
was  on  that  occasion  unsuccessful.  Dr. 
Maree,  then  Dean  of  Cork,  as  usual  *'  came 
to  the  rescue,"  and  materially  assisted  In 
securing  the  return  of  Mr.  Plunket,  though 
by  a  very  small  majority,  the  numbers 
being  30  and  34. 

The  '*  Manchester  Massacre,**  combined 
with  a  prodigious  amount  of  discontent 
throughout  the  country,  rendered  Lord 
LiTerpool*s  goremment  very  senalble  of 


1854.] 


Obituary.— Zorrf  Plunket. 


195 


the  Talne  of  such  an  auxiliary  as  Mr. 
Plonket  Upon  that  occasion  he  defended 
their  policy,  or  at  least  extenuated  their 
errors ;  and,  when  the  proper  opportunity 
arrlTedy  they  were  by  no  means  unprepared 
to  manifest  their  gratitude.  The  death  of 
the  Marquess  of  Londonderry  in  1822  led 
to  a  variety  of  ministerial  changes  ;  and, 
though  Lord  Liverpool  continued  to  be 
Prime  Minister*  and  Lord  Eldon  still  held 
the  Great  Seal,  yet  the  intense  Toryism  of 
the  government  was  mitigated.  Mr.  Can- 
ning took  the  management  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  Mr.  Huskisson  became  Pre- 
sident of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  several 
members  of  the  Grenville  party  joined  the 
Administration,  Mr.  Plunk etl'eceiving  the 
o^ce  of  Attorney- General  for  Ireland. 

The  Marquess  Wellesley  was  then  Vice- 
roy. Conciliation  was  to  be  the  principle 
of  his  government,  impartiality  his  uni- 
versal rule  of  action.  The  Orange  party 
were  to  be  curbed,  and  Popish  agitation 
discountenanced.  He  was  to  be  the  paci- 
ficator of  a  land  which  had  never  known 
tranquillity  for  600  years ;  and  the  brilliant 
success  with  which  he  had  governed  India 
was  to  be  revived  in  the  Castle  at  Dublin. 
Such  were  the  fond  hopes  with  which  Lord 
Wellesley's  countrymen  hailed  his  vice- 
regal advent,  hopes  which,  in  their  minds, 
were  converted  into  realities  when  Mr. 
Plaoket — the  great  advocate  of  emancipa- 
tion— ^became  the  first  law  oflBcer  of  the 
Irish  Government.  Those  expectations 
were  grievously  disappointed.  The  Mar- 
quess and  Mr.  Piunket  were  great  men, 
but  no  workers  of  miracles,  and  when  his 
Excellency  visited  the  theatre  in  State  he 
was  pelted  from  the  gallery  ;  the  Orange- 
meh  hooted  him  in  the  streets,  and  the 
Liberal  agitators  denied  him  a  cordial  sup- 
port with  the  multitude.  Whiteboyisra, 
beginning  its  outrages  in  the  south,  almost 
reached  the  suburbs  of  the  capital.  The 
legal  proceedings  against  the  Orange  party 
were  defeated  in  the  courts  of  law,  and 
the  country  gentlemen  once  more  began 
to  fortify  their  houses.  A  special  commis- 
sion was  issued,  and  the  Attorney -General 
in  person  prosecuted  the  insurgents  at 
Cork  and  other  assize  towns  throughout 
Munster.  With  the  Dublin  Orangemen 
who  pelted  Lord  Wellesley  Mr.  Piunket 
was  remarkably  unsuccessful.  His  pro- 
secutions neither  inspired  the  one  party 
with  alarm,  nor  the  other  with  gratitude. 

But  in  the  House  of  Commons  he  con- 
tinued to  hold  a  position  among  the  highest 
order  of  public  men.  Mr.  Canning  more 
than  once  said,  that  no  individual  whatever 
contributed  so  much  as  Mr.  Piunket  had 
done  to  the  success  of  Roman  Catholic 
claims.  The  names  of  Grattan,  O^Connell, 
and  Sidney  Smith  were  mentioned ;  but 


Mr.  Canning  repeated  his  deliberate  opi- 
nion that  Mr.  Piunket  was  the  most 
efficient  labourer  that  ever  toiled  in  that 
cause  ;  for  this  reason — that  he  gained  over 
adversaries  by  persuading  them  that  a 
repeal  of  the  penal  laws  would  strengthen 
the  established  church  in  Ireland.  But 
he  ceased  to  have  a  seat  in  the  Lower 
House  before  that  great  change  in  our 
constitution  was  consummated.  In  1827 
the  state  of  Lord  Liverpool's  health  ren- 
dered his  retirement  indispensable,  and 
Mr.  Piunket,  being  then  in  the  63d  year 
of  his  age,  and  having  been  five  years  in 
the  office  of  Attorney-General,  thought  he 
had  a  fair  claim  to  a  seat  on  the  bench. 
Mr.  Canning,  at  that  time  Prime  Minister, 
did  not  like  to  lose  his  services  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  proposed  to  ap- 
point him  Master  of  the  Rolls  in  England. 
This  plan,  however,  was,  after  a  little  con- 
sultation, abandoned,  and  Mr.  Piunket 
was,  in  the  month  of  June,  1827,  raised 
to  the  peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom  by 
the  title  of  Baron  Piunket,  being  at  the 
same  time  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas  in  Ireland  ;  and  in  that 
important  office  he  continued  till  the  close 
of  the  Wellington  administration,  a  period 
of  somewhat  more  than  three  years.  The 
new  Chief  Baron  (Joy)  had  been  Solicitor- 
General  under  Lord  Piunket,  and  Chief 
Justice  Bushe,  of  the  King's  Bench,  was 
his  most  intimate  friend.  While  at  the 
bar  they  had  frequent  encounters  as  counsel 
on  opposite  sides,  and  none  was  more 
stoutly  contested  than  that  in  which  the 
Crown  proceeded  by  writ  of  quo  warranto 
against  Chief  Baron  O'Grady.  Mr.  Piun- 
ket called  it  **a  Jacobinical  procedure." 
Mr.  Bushe  replied,  *'  If  it  be  so,  impeach 
us.  I  adjure  you  by  our  ancient  friendship 
and  our  common  country  to  arraign  us," 
&c.  "Ah,"  said  Mr.  O'Connell,  "their 
ancient  friendship  was  a  league  between 
two  robbers,  and  their  common  country 
has  been  the  common  prey  of  both." 
This  may  be  received  as  one  among  many 
occurrences  which  illustrate  the  sort  of 
warfare  that  Lord  Piunket  was  required 
to  wage  in  Ireland ;  but  the  moment  he 
quitted  the  Irish  shore  he  accommodated 
himself  at  once  to  the  tone  of  English 
society ;  though,  when  he  returned  to  his 
native  country,  he  was  still  a  match  for 
any  Irishman,  even  at  his  own  peculiar 
weapons. 

While  Lord  Piunket  presided  in  the 
Common  Pleas — namely,  from  June  1827 
till  November  1830,  his  judicial  career, 
though  attended  with  much  success,  was 
not  marked  by  any  very  extraordinary 
events.  Not  so,  however,  his  position  ai 
a  member  of  the  Upper  House.  No  one 
can  forget  that  the  great  feature  of  the 


196 


Obituary.— Zorrf  PlunkeU 


[Feb. 


Wellin|3^on  Ministry  was  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic Relief  Bill.  While  that  measure 
was  under  discussion  in  the  House  of  Lords, 
the  Duke  invited  Lord  Plunket  to  sit  with 
him  on  the  Treasury  Bench,  to  advise  him 
step  by  step,  ''  to  take  charge  of  the  bill," 
as  the  phrase  is,  and  see  it  fairly  through 
the  House.  This  is  not  a  usual  course, 
nor  is  such  a  practice  generally  thought 
expedient,  but  the  Duke  evidently  felt  that 
without  the  cordial  and  unceasing  efforts 
of  Lord  Plunket  the  chances  of  success  in 
the  House  of  Lords  would  be  exceedingly 
doubtfuL 

The  measure  called  "  Emancipation  *^ 
having  been  carried,  the  labours  of  Lord 
Plunket  as  a  legislator  reached  their  close. 
Occasionally  he  made  a  few  remarks  in 
Parliament,  but  he  scarcely  ever  again  de- 
livered  a  speech  or  earnestly  engaged  in 
any  discussion.  With  the  exception  of 
five  months,  between  November  1834  and 
April  1835,  the  Whigs  remained  in  pos- 
session of  the  Cabinet,  and  Lord  Plunket 
was  their  Irish  Chancellor,  until  a  short 
time  before  their  withdrawal  from  office, 
when  he  reluctantly  resigned,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Lord  Campbell. 

During  the  last  Whig  Ministry  Lord 
Plunket  occasionally  came  over  to  London ; 
but  he  was  full  66  years  of  age  before 
he  took  his  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  Court 
of  Chancery  in  Ireland,  and  it  may  fairly 
be  considered  that  at  that  advanced  period 
of  his  life  he  was  entitled  to  withdraw 
from  Parliamentary  labours ;  nor  even  was 
it  expected  that,  as  a  judge.  Lord  Plunket 
could  add  much  to  the  fame  which  he  had 
previously  acquired.  His  reputation  shot 
upwards  from  a  narrow  ground-work.  His 
speeches  were  at  once  few  and  famous ; 
they  excited  the  unqualified  applause  of 
the  age  in  which  he  flourished,  while  the 
men  who  have  survived  those  days  feel 
that,  even  after  the  lapse  of  thirty  years, 
his  celebrity  has  scarcely  waned,  and  that 
Plunket^s  is  still  a  conspicuous  name  amid 
the  orators  of  the  nineteenth  century.  But 
the  great  principles  of  legislation  which 
men  seek  and  find  in  the  speeches  of  Pitt 
and  the  writings  of  Burke  do  not  abound 
in  the  startling  orations  of  Plunket.  He 
could  scarcely  be  called  a  statesman — 
hardly,  even,  a  sound  practical  politician ; 
abler  judges  than  he  were  among  his 
brethren  of  the  Irish  bench,  though  his 
judicial  qualities  were  of  a  very  high  order; 
and  at  the  bar,  though  he  received  a  large 
income  and  was  a  peerless  advocate,  there 
were  men  of  greater  learning,  and  one 
unquestionably  of  greater  eloquence.  But, 
on  the  whole,  nature  was  most  bountiful 
to  Lord  Plunket,  and  accident  favoured 
him  at  almost  every  step  of  his  long  and 
noble  career.    His  public  life  may  be  con- 


sidered as  terminating  in  1841 ;  still,  for 
some  years  after  its  close,  he  continued  to 
visit  his  friends  and  to  diffuse  the  charms 
of  his  conversation.  At  length  he  became 
oppressed  with  the  weight  of  human  in- 
firmity, yet  even  in  that  night  of  life  were 
occasionally  seen  many  bright  gleams  of 
his  once  clear  and  powerful  intellect. 

By  the  lady  already  mentioned,  who 
died  on  the  14th  March  1821 ,  Lord  Plunket 
had  issue  six  sons  and  five  daughters,  all 
of  whom,  excepting  the  eldest  daughter, 
are  still  living.  Their  names  are  as  follow : 
I.  the  Right  Hon.  and  Right  Rev.  Thomas 
now  Lord  Plunket,  Lord  Bishop  ofTuara, 
Killala,  and  Achonry ;  2.  the  Hon.  John 
Plunket,  a  Queen's  Counsel,  who  married 
in  1824  Charlotte  daughter  of  the  late 
Right  Hon.  Charles  Kendall  Bushe,  and 
has  issue  a  numerous  family ;  3.  the  Hon. 
David  Plunket,  Commissioner  of  Bank- 
ruptcy, who  married  in  1837  Louisa, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Robert  Ald- 
ridge,  esq.  but  has  no  issue;  4.  Mary, 
who  died  unmarried  in  1814 ;  5.  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  William  Conyngham  Plun- 
ket, Vicar  of  Bray,  co.  Dublin ;  6.  the 
Hon.  Elizabeth,  married  in  1824  to  the 
Rev.  Francis  Lynch-Blosse,  Bart,  and 
left  his  widow  in  1840;  7.  the  Hon. 
Patrick  Plunket,  a  Commissioner  of  Bank- 
rupts in  Ireland,  who  married  in  1838 
Maria,  daughter  of  John  Atkinson,  esq. 
and  has  issue  ;  8.  the  Hon.  and  Very  Rev. 
Robert  Plunket,  Dean  of  Tuam,  who  mar- 
ried in  1830  Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
late  Sir  Robert  Lynch-Blosse,  Bart,  and 
has  issue ;  9.  the  Hon.  Catharine,  un- 
married; 10.  the  Hon.  Isabella,  married 
in  1846  to  Henry  Quin,  esq.  of  Burleigh, 
CO.  Wexford,  andWingfield,  co.  Wicklow; 
and  1 1 .  the  Hon.  Louisa  Plunket. 

The  Bishop  of  Tuam  married  in  1819 
Louisa-Jane,  second  daughter  of  the  late 
John  William  Foster,  esq.  of  Fanevalley, 
CO.  Louth,  by  whom  he  has  issue  four 
daughters.  The  next  brother,  the  Hon. 
John  Plunket,  Q.C.  has  five  surviving 
sons,  of  whom  the  eldest,  William  Co- 
nyngham Plunket,  esq.  was  born  in  1828, 
but  is  at  present  unmarried. 

Lord  Plunket's  funeral  took  place  on 
the  7th  Jan.  when  his  body  was  conveyed 
for  interment  to  the  Mount  Jerome  Ceme- 
tery. It  was  attended  by  all  his  sons, 
his  sons-in-law,  his  grandson  Sir  Robert 
Lynch-Blosse,  Bart.,  by  Sir  John  J.  Cog- 
hill,  Bart.,  Thomas  Edward  Barton,  esq., 
and  Richard  J.  Greene,  esq.,  the  husbands 
of  his  granddaughters,  by  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellor, the  Hon.  Justice  Perrin,  the  Right 
Hon.  Baron  Greene,  Hon.  Commissioner 
Macan,  Master  Litton,  Master  Henn, 
Surgeon  Cusack,  Dr.  Whistler,  &c.  &c. 


1854.]    Sir  T.  T.  Metcalfe.— Sir  JR.  G.  Simeon.— Sir  JR.  Jenkins.    197 


Sir  T.  Theophilus  Metcalfe,  Bart. 

Nov.  3.  At  Delhi,  aged  58,  Sir  Thomas 
Theophilus  Metcalfe,  the  fourth  Baronet, 
of  Fera  Hill,  Bucks  (1802),  Commis- 
sioner of  Delhi. 

Sir  Theophilus  was  the  brother  and  heir 
of  the  late  Sir  Charles  Metcalfe,  G.C.B. 
who  was  created  a  Peer  by  the  title  of 
Lord  Metcalfe  in  1845,  and  died  in  1846, 
when  the  peerage  became  extinct  (see  the 
memoir  of  him  in  our  vol.  xxvi.  p.  534). 
He  was  the  third  son  of  Sir  Thomas,  the 
first  Baronet,  by  Susannah>Sophia,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Debonnaire,  esq.  and  widow 
of  Major  John  Smith;  and  was  born  on 
the  2d  Jan.  1795. 

He  proceeded  to  India  as  a  writer  in 
1813,  and  was  immediately  appointed  As- 
sistant to  his  brother  Sir  Charles,  then 
Resident  at  Delhi ;  which  station  he  never 
afterwards  quitted.  He  was  promoted  to 
be  Head  Assistant  in  the  centre  division 
of  the  Delhi  territories  in  1823;  Collector 
of  Revenue  and  Customs  1828  ;  Civil  and 
Sessions  Judge  of  the  city  and  territory  of 
Delhi  1832  ;  Commissioner  of  Revenue 
and  Circuit  1835;  and  Agent  to  the  Lient.- 
Governor  of  Delhi  in  the  same  year.  He 
succeeded  his  brother  in  the  baronetcy,  in 
September,  1846. 

Sir  Theophilus  was  twice  married  ;  first 
to  Grace,  eldest  daughter  of  Alexander 
Clarke,  esq.  of  Ruthven,  N.B.  she  died  in 
1824;  and  secondly  to  Felicit<^-Anne,  eldest 
daughter  of  John  Browne,  esq.  M.D.  of 
the  Bengal  medical  board  ;  she  died  in 
1843.  By  the  former  lady  he  had  issue 
two  sons,  Theophilus- Macphersoui  who 
died  in  1841  ;  and  Charles-Theophilus- 
Rideout,  who  died  in  1820.  By  the  latter 
he  had  issue  two  sons  and  four  daughters. 
He  is  succeeded  by  his  elder  son  by  the 
second  marriage,  now  Sir  Theophilus  John 
Metcalfe,  who  is  also  in  the  civil  service  of 
the  East  India  Company.  He  was  bom 
at  Delhi  in  1828,  and  married  in  1851  the 
eldest  daughter  of  Colonel  John  Low, 
C.B.  of  Clatto,  CO.  Fife. 


Sir  Richard  G.  Simeon,  Bart. 

Jan.  11.  At  his  seat,  Swanston,  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  in  his  70th  year,  Sir  Rich- 
ard Godin  Simeon,  the  second  Baronet 
(1815),  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  Hamp- 
shire. 

He  was  born  in  London  May  21,  1784, 
and  was  the  son  of  Sir  John  Simeon  the 
first  Baronet,  a  Master  in  Chancery,  and 
M.P.  for  Reading,  by  Rebecca,  eldest 
daughter  of  John  Cornwall,  esq.  of  Hen- 
don  House,  Middlesex.  He  succeeded  to 
the  title  on  the  death  of  his  father  in  Feb. 
1824. 

He  was  the  first  member  returned  to 
Parliament  for  the  Isle  of  Wight^  on  its 


receiving  the  privilege  of  returning  one 
member  by  the  Reform  Act  of  1832.  He 
stood  on  the  Liberal  interest,  and  Mr. 
Alexander  Glynn  Campbell  on  the  Con- 
servative side ;  and  obtained  his  election 
by  712  votes  to  112.  At  the  election  of 
1835  he  was  opposed  by  Mr.  George  Henry 
Ward,  and  had  the  smaller  majority  of  483 
to  337  ;  and  at  the  next  election  in  1837 
he  retired  from  the  contest ;  when  the 
Liberal  candidate  Capt.  the  Hon.  C.  D. 
Pelham  was  defeated  by  Mr.  A' Court 
Holmes. 

He  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  Hamp> 
shire  in  1845,  and  was  appointed  a  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  that  county  in  1847.  He 
was  well  known  as  a  scientific  and  practical 
agriculturist. 

He  married,  April  8,  1813,  Louisa- 
Edith,  eldest  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  Fitz- 
william  Barrington,  Bart,  of  Barrington 
hall,  Essex  ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  died  in 
1847,  he  had  issue  three  sons  and  two 
daughters.  The  former  were,  1.  Sir  John, 
his  successor ;  2.  Charles,  Lieut.  45th  regt. 
who  married  in  1842  Sarah-Jane,  only 
child  of  Philip  Williams,  esq.  of  Woolley 
Green,  Hants ;  3.  Cornwall,  M.A.  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford.  The  latter:  Louisa  Mary; 
and  Jane-Elizabeth,  married  in  1846  to 
the  Rev.  Robert  Sumner,  son  of  the  Bishop 
of  Winchester,  and  died  in  1851. 

The  present  Baronet  was  bom  in  1815, 
and  married  in  1840  the  only  daughter  of 
the  late  Sir  Frederick  Francis  Baker,  Bart, 
of  Loventor,  co.  Devon.  He  was  M.P. 
for  the  Isle  of  Wight  from  1847  to  1851, 
when  he  resigned  on  becoming  a  Roman 
Catholic. 


Sir  Richard  Jenkins,  G.C.B. 

Dec.  30.  At  his  residence,  Gothic  Cot- 
tage, Black  heath.  Sir  Richard  Jenkins, 
G.C.B.  of  Bicton  Hall,  Salop,  a  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  that  county,  and  G.C.B. 

Sir  Richard  was  born  at  Cruckton,  near 
Shrewsbury,  February  18th,  1785,  and  was 
the  eldest  son  of  Richard  Jenkins,  esq.  of 
Bicton,  Salop,  by  Constantia-Harriot, 
daughter  of  George  Ravenscroft,  esq.  of 
Wrexliam.  His  ancestors  appear  to  have 
settled  in  Shropsiiire,  and  resided  at 
Charlton  Hill,  under  the  Earl  of  Bradford, 
some  time  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II. ; 
the  Bicton  estate  having  come  into  the 
family  by  the  marriage  of  his  great-grand- 
father, Richard  Jenkins,  esq.  with  the 
heiress  of  John  Muckleston,  esq. 

The  name  of  Sir  Richard  Jenkins  will 
long  be  distinguished  in  the  annals  of 
India,  as  a  statesman  of  sound  and  strict 
ability,  and  whose  honourable  conduct 
secured  for  him,  whilst  resident  there,  the 
respect  not  only  of  the  native  princes  and 
inhabitants,  but  of  every  one  with  whom 


198 


Obituary.— aS'iV  Richard  Jenkins^  G.C.B, 


[Feb, 


the  official  duties  of  his  situation  brought 
him  into  connection. 

In  the  year  1800  he  was  appointed  a 
writer  on  the  Bombay  establishment,  when 
his  aptitude  for  acquiring  the  Arabic  and 
Persian  languages  having  attracted  the 
notice  of  the  governing  authorities,  he  was 
in  1 805  chosen  assistant  Secretary  to  Sir 
Barry  Close,  Bart.  Resident  at  the  Poona 
Durbar.  Afterwards  he  was  elected  Pre- 
sident at  Scindia's  Court,  where  he  conti- 
nued some  years  ;  and  then  transferred  to 
the  Residency  at  Nagpore,  in  Berat.  At 
this  place  he  distinguished  himself  in  1817 
by  brave  and  admirable  conduct  and  deci- 
sion, added  to  no  small  share  of  personal 
prowess ;  having,  as  the  despatch  notifies, 
"  been  present  during  the  whole  of  an 
action, ^^  which  it  was  requisite  to  under- 
take for  the  protection  of  the  Residency, 
and  as  tending,  by  his  animated  conduct, 
in  a  very  considerable  degree  to  excite  the 
troops  to  their  duty.  His  exertions  on 
this  occasion  were  acknowledged  by  the 
late  Mr.  Canning  in  1817-18  with  the 
highest  encomiums,  and  will  be  found 
fully  detailed  in  the  account  of  the  battle 
of  Seetabuldee.  His  transactions  also  with 
the  Boosla  Rajah  are  recorded  in  Mr. 
Princep's  Narrative  of  the  Affairs  of  Bri- 
tish India  under  the  Marquess  of  Hastings. 

During  nearly  the  whole  of  the  period 
Mr.  Jenkins  was  located  in  India  he  was 
employed  in  the  first  diplomatic  situations, 
and  for  the  last  nine  years  of  his  residence 
there  in  the  still  higher  functions  of  direct- 
ing under  the  Supreme  Government  the 
entire  administration  of  an  extensive  conn- 
try  during  the  minority  of  its  native 
princes. 

His  further  proceedings,  from  the  period 
of  the  outbreak  with  the  Rajah  at  Nag- 
pore, are  thus  alluded  to  in  a  Minute  of 
the  Governor- General  in  1822  :  "  His 
situation  has  been  rather  assimilated  to 
that  of  a  ruler  of  a  considerable  State, 
than  a  political  agent  representing  one 
Government  at  the  Court  of  another.  The 
several  reports  of  Mr.  Jenkins's  proceed- 
ings, which  are  on  record,  will  attest  the 
magnitude  of  the  concern  he  has  had  to 
manage,  the  difficulties  he  had  to  contend 
with  in  the  outset,  and  the  sagacity,  skill, 
and  perseverance  with  which  he  overcame 
them ;  the  serious  responsibility  he  was 
obliged  to  incur,  in  consequence  of  the  oc- 
casion of  sudden  and  unexpected  exigen- 
cies, for  which  he  could  not  be  provided 
with  instructions,  and  the  ultimate  success 
of  his  labours  in  restoring  the  dilapidated 
resources  of  the  country,  in  placing  the 
financial  and  fiscal  interests  of  the  State 
on  a  stable  foundation,  and  introducing  a 
system  of  order,  economy,  and  purity  into 
the  administration,  which  will  enable  us 


to  transfer  the  country  to  the  Rajah,  on 
his  reaching  his  majority,  in  a  state  of  pro- 
sperity not  attainable  by  any  other  means.*' 

After  an  absence  of  twenty-seven  years 
Mr.  Jenkins  returned  to  England,  and  on 
his  way  to  his  patrimonial  estate  at  Bicton 
he  was  met  by  a  numerous  party  of  gen* 
tlemen  of  the  county  of  Salop  at  Charlton 
Hill,  to  congratulate  him  on  his  return  to 
his  native  country,  and  who  accompanied 
him  from  thence  to  the  confines  of  the 
borough  of  Shrewsbury,  where  a  large 
concourse  of  the  inhabitants  were  assem- 
bled to  greet  his  arrival,  and  from  whence 
he  was  escorted  through  the  town  with  all 
the  honours  attendant  upon  a  triumphant 
progress. 

Mr.  Jenkins  being  resident  at  his  man- 
sion, Abbeyforegate,  Shrewsbury,  was  soli- 
cited, at  the  general  election  in  1830,  to 
offer  himself  as  a  candidate  on  the  Tory 
interest  to  represent  that  town  in  parlia- 
ment, and  was  successful  after  three  days' 
polling,  the  numbers  being — 

Richard  Jenkins,  esq.     .     .     .     754 

R.  A.  Slaney,  esq 563 

Fanton  Corbett,  esq 445 

Parliament  being  dissolved  in  the  follow- 
ing year,  he  was  again  returned  after  a 
slight  contest  in  conjunction  with  Mr. 
Slaney.  At  the  elections  of  1832  and 
1834  he  did  not  offer  himself.  But  in 
1837  he  again  came  forward,  when  after  a 
severe  struggle  the  election  terminated 
thus — 

Richard  Jenkins,  esq.      .     .  .  700 

Robert  Aglionby  Slaney,  esq.  .  697 

John  Cressett  Pelham,  esq.  .  657 

G.  H.  Dash  wood,  esq.    .     .  .  537 

At  the  dissolution  of  1841  he  retired 
from  parliamentary  duties,  having  dis- 
charged them  diligently  and  conscien- 
tiously, as  an  honest  agent,  watching  over 
the  local  and  political  rights  of  his  con- 
stituents. 

In  1838  he  had  conferred  upon  him  in 
reward  for  his  public  services  the  distin- 
guished Order  of  the  Grand  Cross  of  the 
Bath.  This  was  accompanied  by  a  letter 
from  the  late  Marquess  Wellesley,  in 
which  he  states  that  the  **  honour  conferred 
far  exceeds  a  baronetage  in  lustre,  and  is 
much  more  suitable  to  the  serrices  you 
have  rendered  to  the  empire.  Besides,  it 
is  the  first  conferred  on  the  civil  service 
in  India  in  any  instance  below  the  rank  of 
Governor;  and  you  are  the  first  on  this 
new  foundation  of  honour  for  that  service, 
of  which  all  must  allow  you  to  be  a  prin- 
cipal ornament."  ^*  I  feel  a  personal  and 
a  parental  pride,"  the  Marquess  further 
adds,  <'in  this  most  noble  act  of  justice 
towards  genuine  merit  fostered  under  my 
own  eyes  and  led  by  my  own  hands  into 


1834.] 


Obituary. — Hoti.  James  Thomason. 


199 


the  path  of  glory  ;"  and  "  It  is  most  credit- 
able to  the  governmetit  generally  to  ha?e 
moved  above  the  low  track  of  ordinary 
patronage  on  this  occasion,  and  to  have 
taught  the  civil  servants  of  India  by  this 
example,  that  their  merits  will  be  rewarded 
by  their  country,  without  any  regard  to 
differences  of  opinion  or  to  considerations 
of  party.*' 

It  should  also  be  mentioned  that  soon 
after  his  return  from  India  he  was  elected 
a  Director  of  the  Hon.  K.  I.  Company *s 
board,  of  which  his  long  experience  and 
knowledge  of  eastern  affairs  rendered  him 
an  efficient  and  intelligent  member.  He 
subsequently  filled  the  office  of  chairman 
to  that  body. 

Many  inhabitants  of  the  town  and 
county  of  Salop  are  indebted  to  the  gentle- 
man now  under  notice  for  considerable 
patronage  in  the  nature  of  cadetships  and 
other  civil  appointments,  and  it  is  a  source 
of  satisfaction  and  congratulation  to  know, 
that  most  of  these  gentlemen  have  done 
credit  in  their  several  situations  and  be- 
come faithful  and  able  servants  of  the 
Company  and  of  their  country ;  a  brilliant 
example  of  which  may  be  instanced  in  that 
gallant  and  successfiil  soldier  Major  £d- 
wardes,  now  Political  Resident  at  Pe- 
shawar. 

In  the  various  duties  of  his  public  life 
the  conduct  of  Sir  Richard  Jenkins  was 
consistent  and  honest.  To  every  sordid 
and  selfish  feeling,  or  mean  artifice,  he 
was  an  utter  stranger.  There  was  no  for- 
ward intrusion, — no  desire  of  dictation,  or 
of  attracting  popularity  ;  but  rather,  a 
retiring  simplicity  of  manners,  governing 
an  open  and  frank  disposition,  that  could 
win  and  conciliate  those  who  might  not 
otherwise  acquiesce  with  him  in  opinion. 
At  the  same  time,  when,  on  any  occasion 
his  services  could  be  beneficially  employed, 
he  exerted  himself  with  a  promptitude  and 
disinterestedness  that  set  forth  the  be- 
nevolence of  his  heart,  and  developed  the 
true  gentleman — the  amenities  of  which 
especially  adorned  his  private  character. 

Mr.  Jenkins  married  in  1824  Eliza- 
Helen,  eldest  daughter  of  Hugh  Spottls- 
wode,  esq.  by  whom  he  has  left  a  family  of 
nine  children.  He  was  created  a  Doctor 
of  Civil  Law  at  Oxford,  June  13,  1834. 

The  remains  of  Sir  Richard  Jenkins 
arrived  in  Shrewsbury,  on  their  way  for 
interment  in  the  fomlly  vault  at  Bicton, 
(three  miles  from  that  town)  on  Friday, 
Jan.  Gth,  when  the  mayor  and  corporation 
and  a  respectable  number  of  friends  met 
the  funeral  cortege  and  accompanied  it  to 
the  Welsh  Bridge,  as  a  fitting  murk  of 
respect  to  the  memory  of  a  gentleman, 
who,  as  a  former  representative  of  the 
borough  in  parliameDt,  bad  by  his  public 


conduct  and  many  acts  of  considerate  kind- 
ness to  the  town  obtained  for  himself  their 
respect  and  gratitude.  H.  P. 

Hon.  James  Thomason. 

Sept.  27.  At  Bareilly,  Agra,  the  Hon. 
James  Thomason,  Lieut. -Governor  of  the 
North-West  Provinces  of  India. 

Mr.  Thomason  was  only  surviving  son 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Truebody  Thomason, 
formerly  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Queen's 
college,  Cambridge,  who,  after  having 
been  Curate  to  Mr.  Simeon  at  Cambridge, 
and  also  at  Shelford  near  that  town, — 
where  the  subject  of  this  memoir  was 
bom, — went  out  to  India  in  the  year  1808, 
and  died  a  Senior  Chaplain  in  the  Hon. 
Company's  service  in  1829  (see  Gent. 
Mag.  xcix.  i.  647).  His  Life  was  after- 
wards  published  by  the  Rev.  J.  Sargent. 

In  1814  his  son  James  was  sent  home, 
and  placed  under  the  guardianship  of  Mr. 
Simeon,  whose  devotion  to  the  well-being 
of  his  young  charge  is  touchingly  por- 
trayed in  several  of  his  letters  published 
in  the  Rev.  Mr.  Carus's  Memoir  of  him. 
At  that  early  age,  young  Thomason  mani- 
fested an  extraordinary  "  spirit  of  inquiry, 
and  many  of  his  questions  were  such  as  a 
man,  a  traveller  of  sound  sense  and  judg- 
ment, would  have  asked.'* 

In  1822,  having  finished  his  preliminary 
education  under  Mr.  Preston,  and  at 
llaileybury  college,  he  returned  to  India 
in  the  civil  service  of  the  Hon.  Company; 
in  which  he  distinguished  himself  by  an 
unwearying  assiduity  and  devotion  to  his 
varied  duties,  as  he  rose,  step  by  step,  to 
the  highest  offices  to  which  a  servant  of 
the  Company  can  aspire.  Though  at  first 
located  in  an  unhealthy  and  unpromising 
jungle-station,  his  administrative  talenU 
and  distinguished  ability  brought  him  un- 
avoidably under  the  notice  of  the  Supreme 
Government,  and  in  consequence  Lord 
Auckland,  then  Governor-General,  made 
him  his  Secretary. 

Soon  after,  the  desperate  state  of  his 
wife's  health  induced  him  to  run  a  very 
great  risk,  and  to  accompany  her  suddenly 
to  England  without  waiting  for  the  need- 
ful leave.  His  appointment,  however,  was 
kept  open  for  him  for  a  few  months,  and 
he  returned  to  India  to  run,  self-reliant, 
an  unbroken  caieer  of  peaceful  success. 

Mr.  Thomason  was  selected  for  his  last 
responsible  office  by  Lord  Ellenborough, 
who,  when  Governor- General, always  chose 
the  man  he  deemed  best  for  every  post, 
irrespective  of  private  influence  or  official 
seniority.  Under  his  direction  the  natural 
resources  of  the  north-west  provinces  have 
been  rapidly  developed,  public  works  on 
an  immense  scale  were  vigorously  carried 
ODf  and  the  districts  under  his  rule  were 


200 


Obituary.— Ztew/.- Co/one/  MackeBon^  C.B. 


[Feb. 


familiarly  spoken  of  as  **  the  model  pre- 
sidency/' Of  the  cause  of  education  he 
was  a  zealous  promoter,  and  schools  for 
the  natives  were  established  throughout 
his  territories.  He  also  founded  a  college 
for  engineers  which  has  already  proved  of 
great  benefit,  and  in  many  other  ways 
successfully  laboured  for  the  religious, 
intellectual,  and  industrial  advancement 
of  the  people  of  his  government. 

Shortly  before  his  death  the  present 
Governor-General  appointed  him  Governor 
of  Madras  Presidency  ;  but  he  did  not  live 
to  undertake  the  duties  of  that  high  and 
honourable  post. 

On  receipt  of  the  intelligence  of  his 
death  the  Governor-General  issued  a  noti- 
fication of  the  event,  dated  from  Fort 
William,  Oct.  3,  1853,  in  which  the  follow- 
ing testimony  is  borne  to  his  merits  : — 

"The  Lieut. -Governor  has  long  since 
earned  for  himself  a  name,  which  ranks 
him  high  among  the  most  distinguished 
servants  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Company. 

"  Conspicuous  ability,  devotion  to  the 
public  service,  and  a  conscientious  dis- 
charge of  every  duty  have  marked  each 
step  of  his  honourable  course ;  while  his 
surpassing  administrative  capacity,  his  ex- 
tended knowledge  of  affairs,  his  clear  judg- 
ment, his  benevolence  of  character  and 
suavity  of  demeanour,  have  adorned  and 
exalted  the  high  position  which  he  was 
wisely  selected  to  fill. 

"The  Governor- General  in  Council  de- 
plores his  loss  with  a  sorrow  deep  and 
unfeigned,  with  a  sorrow  aggravated  by  the 
regret  that  his  career  should  have  been 
thus  untimely  closed,  when  all  had  hoped 
that  opportunities  for  extended  usefulness 
were  still  before  him,  and  that  fresh  honour 
might  be  added  to  his  name.'' 


LIEUT.-COLONEL  MaCKESON,  C.B. 

Sept,  10.  At  Peshawur,  Lahore,  Lieut. - 
Colonel  Frederic  Mockeson,  C.B.  Com- 
missioner of  the  Peshawur  division. 

Colonel  Mackeson  was  a  native  of  Kent, 
and  his  relations  are  resident  at  Canterbury. 
He  received  his  education  at  a  military 
seminary  in  France,  and  his  perfect  ac- 
quaintance with  the  language  of  that 
country  led  to  bis  preferment.  He  en- 
tered the  Hon.  Company's  service  in 
1825,  and  served  ten  or  twelve  years  with 
the  14th  Bengal  Native  Infantry.  While 
he  was  stationed  at  Loodianah  in  1831 
the  foreign  officers  in  Runjeet  Singh's 
service  frequently  visited  the  Political 
Agent,  Sir  C.  M.  Wade,  and  Mackcson's 
fluency  in  French  was  turned  to  good 
account.  This,  in  spite  of  that  mudest 
and  retiring  disposition  for  which  he  was 
remarkable  to  the  last,  brought  the  young 
officer  into  notice,  and  led  to  his  being  ap- 
11 


pointed  Assistant  Political  Agent.  Sub- 
sequently he  was  detached  to  Bahwulpore 
and  Mithunkote,  to  survey  the  Sutlej  and 
Indus,  and  to  facilitate  their  navigation. 
For  several  years  be  was  stationed  in  that 
neighbourhood,  variously  employed,  now 
exercising  his  talents  as  an  accomplished 
surveyor,  now  unravelling  the  tortuous 
politics  of  the  Punjab.  He  paid  a  visit 
to  Cashmere  with  Dr.  Falconer,  and 
with  his  assistance  measured  a  base  line 
near  the  city,  and  completed  a  survey 
of  the  valley.  In  1837  he  went  with 
Sir  Alexander  Burnes  to  Cabul,  and  in 
1838-9  was  occupied  in  forwarding  the 
march  of  the  army  of  the  Indus  along  the 
banks  of  that  river.  Then  he  accompanied 
Sir  C.  M.  Wade  with  Prince  Timoor,  and 
displayed  courage  and  energy  of  the  highest 
order  in  the  various  affairs  which  oc- 
curred on  the  march  to  Cabul.  From 
that  time  till  the  close  of  operations  in 
Affghanistan  and  the  final  withdrawal  of 
our  forces  in  1842-3,  Captain  Mackeson 
conducted  the  political  relations  of  our 
government  at  the  important  post  of 
Peshawur.  His  services  at  that  period 
are  now  matter  of  history.  A  young  un- 
assuming officer,  without  interest  or  favour, 
while  yet  a  subaltern,  he  was  promoted  to 
the  local  rank  of  Major  (June  19,  1840), 
to  qualify  him  for  the  honour  of  C.B.,  never 
bestowed  on  one  of  more  noble  or  more 
chivalrous  character. 

We  find  Mackeson  next  at  Sirsa,  em- 
ployed during  the  Sikh  invasion  of  1845, 
when  his  services  were  made  available  in 
the  delicate  office  of  Commissioner  in  the 
Cis-Sutlej  states  (March  16,  1846).  In 
this  capacity  he  was  politically  attached 
to  Sir  Harry  Smith's  force,  who  testified 
to  the  soldierly  service  which  he  did  at 
Aliwal. 

The  army  of  the  Punjab  saw  Mackeson 
again  in  the  field  as  Governor-General's 
agent,  in  which  office  he  won  the  high 
approval  and  respect  of  Lord  Dalhousie 
and  Lord  Gough.  Then  also,  when  as- 
sociated in  his  political  capacity  with  the 
late  Sir  Walter  Gilbert  on  tbre  advance  to 
Peshawur,  he  received  the  unqualified  and 
handsomely  expressed  admiration  of  that 
distinguished  soldier. 

After  the  battle  of  Chillian wallah,  when 
Shere  Singh  turned  Lord  Gough's  flank 
and  was  marching  on  Lahore,  the  brigade 
under  Brigadier  Burns  on  this  side  of  the 
Jhelum  was  considered  in  imminent  danger. 
It  was  necessary  to  acquaint  them  with 
the  approach  of  the  Sikhs,  and  the  duty 
was  entrusted  to  Colonel  Mackeson.  On 
reaching  the  Jhelum  he  found  neither  boat 
nor  ford.  The  river,  the  worst  in  the 
Punjab,  was  running  like  a  torrent  and  as 
broad  as  the  Kooghly  at  Calcutta.    With- 


1854.] 


Obituary.—  Vice-Admiral  Dacres* 


201 


out  an  instant's  hesitation  he  abandoned 
his  horse,  sprang  into  the  torrent,  and, 
half  dead  with  exhaustion,  reached  the 
opposite  bank  and  delivered  his  instruc- 
tions. They  saved  the  brigade.  The  in- 
cident is  an  epitome  of  his  career,  and 
the  best  illustration  of  the  causes  of  his 
success. 

He  received  the  local  rank  of  Lieut.- 
Colonel  in  the  East  Indies,  June  7,  1849; 
and  at  the  end  of  1851  Captain  and  brevet 
Lieut-Colonel  Mackesou,  C.B.  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  ofiSce  of  Commissioner  at 
Peshawur,  a  post  of  honour  and  of  danger, 
as  his  untimely  fate  has  proved."^  Thus, 
during  an  active  service  of  twenty  years, 
embracing  the  most  eventful  period  in  the 
history  of  British  India,  Mackeson  was 
ever  placed  where  the  high  qualities  of 
calm  courage  and  perfect  self-possession 
were  essential  to  that  success  which  in- 
variably attended  the  discharge  of  his  im- 
portant duties.  Large  and  strong  in  mind 
and  frame,  all  his  acts  were  marked  by 
the  coolest  intrepidity,  a  matchless  energy, 
and  the  soundest  discretion.  Wise  in 
council,  gallant  and  devoted  in  battle, 
amiable  and  unpretending  in  private  life, 
he  was  beloved  by  his  associates  and  re- 
verenced as  a  superior  being  by  the  wild 
tribes  with  whom  his  duties  so  frequently 
placed  him  in  contact,  and  over  whom  his 
attainments  as  a  linguist  gave  him  great 
control. 

"  Colonel  Mackeson  was  a  fine  example 
of  the  peculiar  race  of  public  servants 
created  by  our  system  of  rule  in  India. 
Half  soldiers,  half  civilians,  with  the  per- 
sonal activity  and  readiness  of  resource 
produced  by  the  training  of  the  camp,  and 
the  cool  thought  and  judgment  which  are 
the  attributes  of  the  lawyer,  the  much 
abused  Political  Agents  have  done  more 
to  consolidate  the  empire  than  their  ene- 
mies are  willing  to  acknowledge.  Among 
them  Colonel  Mackeson,  though  more  of 
a  soldier  than  an  administrator,  was  cer- 
tainly not  the  least." — Globe. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  10th  Sept.  as 
the  Colonel  was  sitting  in  his  verandah, 
having  just  dismissed  his  kucheree  people, 
a  religious  fanatic  from  Koncr  suddenly 
rushed  in  and  endeavoured  to  stab  him. 
Colonel  Mackeson,  who  was  a  very  power- 
ful man,  seized  the  knife,  but  received  such 
severe  injuries  in  his  hand  that  he  was 
obliged  to  release  his  hold,  when  the  vil- 
lain inflicted  a  deep  wound  in  the  breast 
of  his  victim,  which,  after  some  hours, 
occasioned  death.  The  miscreant  was  im- 
mediately arrested ;  he  expressed  to  the 
deputy  commissioners  his  intention  of 
killing  both  Colonel  Mackeson  and  Cap- 
tain James  in  his  capacity  of  a  disciple  of 
the  Akh^od  of  Swat.    A  man  of  the  name 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


of  Ata  Mahomed,  formerly  kotwal  of 
Peshawur,  rushed  to  the  rescue,  and  re- 
ceived a  wound  in  his  stomach.  None  of 
the  chuprasies  were  armed,  or  the  mur- 
derer would  probably  have  been  cut  to 
pieces  on  the  spot.  He  came  direct  from 
Jelalabad  because  he  had  heard  that  a 
mountain«train  had  been  organised  prepa- 
ratory to  the  invasion  of  Swat,  in  which 
country  he  had  many  friends;  and  thought 
the  best  plan  to  stay  the  invasion  was  to 
murder  the  instigators  of  the  intended 
movement. 

In  a  General  Order  published  in  the 
Calcutta  Gafcette  Extraordinary  of  Tuesday 
Oct.  4,  the  Governor- General  in  CouncU 
has  home  public  testimony  to  the  merits 
and  character  of  the  gallant  deceased  in 
the  following  terms  : — '*  The  reputation  of 
Lieutenant- Colonel  Mackeson,  as  a  soldier, 
is  known  to  and  honoured  by  all.  His 
value  as  a  political  servant  of  the  State  is 
known  to  none  better  than  the  Governor- 
General  himself,  who,  in  a  difficult  and 
eventful  time,  had  cause  to  mark  his  great 
ability,  and  the  admirable  prudence,  dis- 
cretion, and  temper  which  added  tenfold 
value  to  the  high  soldierly  qualities  of  his 
public  character.  The  loss  of  Colonel 
Mackeson's  life  would  have  dimmed  a 
victory.  To  lose  him  thus,  by  the  hand  of 
a  foul  assassin,  is  a  misfortune  of  the 
heaviest  gloom  for  the  Government,  which 
counted  him  amongst  its  bravest  and  best." 

The  murderer  of  Colonel  Mackeson  was 
hung  at  Peshawur  on  the  Ist  Oct.  and 
his  body  afterwards  burned,  and  the  ashes 
thrown  into  a  watercourse,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  Mussulmans  from  burying  it  with 
honour,  and  possibly  erecting  a  tomb  as 
to  a  martyr  of  their  faith.  There  was  a 
large  crowd  to  witness  the  execution,  but 
no  disturbance  of  the  peace,  every  pre- 
caution having  been  taken  to  overawe  the 
populace. 

Vice-Admiral  Dacres. 

Dec,  4.  At  Catisfield  Lodge,  near  Fare- 
ham,  Hants,  aged  65,  James  Richard 
Dacres,  esq.  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Red. 

This  officer  was  the  only  surviving  son 
of  the  late  James  Richard  Dacres,  esq. 
Vice-Admiral  of  the  Red,  by  Miss  Eleanor 
Blandford  Pearce,  of  Cambridge ;  nephew 
of  the  late  Vice-Admiral  Sir  Richard 
Dacres,  G.C.H.;  and  first-cousin  of  Capt. 
Sidney  Colpoys  Dacres,  R.N.  He  entered 
the  Navy  in  179G,  as  first-class  volunteer, 
on  board  the  Sceptre  G4,  commanded  by 
his  father  ;  with  whom  he  also  served  in 
the  Barfleur  98,  from  August,  1800,  until 
the  receipt  of  his  first  commission,  which 
bore  date  15th  Nov.  1804.  When  Lieu- 
tenant in  the  Impetucux  74  he  accompanied 
the  expedition  against  Ferrol  in  Aug.  1800; 

2D 


'202 


Obituary. — Colonel  Muttlebury,  C.B, 


[Feb. 


and  he  was  present  in  the  Boadicea  in  a 
short  action  with  the  French  74  Dugnay- 
xnouin^  29th  Aug.  1803.  He  sabsequenUy 
performed  the  daties  of  flag- Lieutenant  in 
the  Theseus  and  Hercules  to  his  father, 
then  the  Commander-in-chief  on  the  Ja- 
maica station,  and  was  promoted  in  1805 
to  the  command  of  the  Elk  sloop,  from 
which  he  waj  posted,  Jan.  14,  1806,  into 
the  Bacchante,  of  24  guns.  On  Feb.  14, 
1807,  he  captured,  off  St.  Domingo,  the 
French  national  schooner  Dauphin,  of  3 
guns  and  71  men  ;  and,  associating  him- 
self with  Capt.  W.  F.  Wise,  of  the  Me- 
diator 32,  succeeded,  by  a  well-conducted 
Stratagem,  in  approaching,  through  a  most 
difficult  navigation,  the  fort  of  Samana,  a 
notorious  nest  for  privateers,  which,  after 
a  cannonade  of  four  hours,  and  a  loss  to 
the  British  of  two  men  killed  and  sixteen 
wounded,  was  stormed  and  carried  with 
great  gallantry  by  the  boats  of  the  two 
ships.  On  his  return  to  England,  in  the 
Mediator,  Captain  Dacres,  in  Dec.  1807, 
was  placed  on  half-pay. 

He  was  appointed,  March  18,  1811,  to 
the  Gucrri^re,  an  old  worn-out  frigate, 
carrying  48  guns  (yieldiug  a  broadside 
weight  of  517  lb.)  and  244  men.  On  Aug. 
19»  1812,  being  on  her  way  to  Halifax 
after  a  very  long  cruise,  this  vessel  encoun- 
tered and  came  to  close  action  with  the 
United  States  ship  Constitution,  of  .'iG 
guns  (throwing  a  broadside  weight  of 
7G8  lb.)  Mnd  460  men.  After  nobly  strug- 
gling with  her  huge  antagonist  for  nearly 
an  hour  and  three-quarters,  the  Gucrrit^re, 
having  lost  15  men  killed  and  63  wounded, 
and  being  rendered  quite  ungovernable, 
with  the  loss  of  all  lier  masts,  was  at  length 
obliged  to  surrender,  in  so  shattered  a 
condition,  indeed,  thnt  on  the  following 
morning  she  was  set  on  fire  and  blown  up. 
Among  the  badly  wounded  on  board  the 
Guerritire  was  Captain  Dacres  himself, 
who  received  a  musket-bull  in  the  back 
while  standing  on  the  starboard  forecastle 
hammocks  animating  his  crew,  but  was 
not  prevailed  upon  to  leave  the  deck.  By 
the  court-martial  which  assembled  at  Ha- 
lifax, in  the  following  October,  to  try  Cap- 
tain Dacres  for  surrendering  his  ship,  he 
was  "  unanimously  and  honourably  ac- 
quitted of  all  blame  on  account  of  her 
capture."  He  received  a  gratuity  from  the 
Patriotic  Fund  at  Lloyd's  in  consideration 
of  his  wound. 

He  afterwards  commanded  the  Tiber  38 
from  the  23rd  July,  1814,  to  the  18th  Sept. 
1818,  on  the  Cork,  Newfoundland,  and 
Channel  stations;  and  the  Edinburgh  74, 
in  the  Mediterranean,  from  the  28th  Oct. 
1833,  until  1837.  In  the  former  ship 
Captain  Dacres  took,  on  the  8th  March, 
1815,  the  Leo,  American  privateer,  of  7 


guns  and  93  men.  He  attained  flag  rank 
on  the  28th  June,  1838 ;  and,  on  the  9th 
August,  1845,  was  appointed  Commander- 
in-chief  on  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  which 
was  his  last  employment.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Vice- Admiral  In 
1851. 

Rear-Admiral  Dacres  married,  April  25, 
1810,  Arabella-Boyd,  sister  of  the  present 
Sir  Adolphus  John  Dalrymple,  and  sister- 
in-law  of  the  late  Yice-Adm.  Sir  John 
Chambers  White,  K.C.B.  By  that  lady, 
who  died  April  11,  1828,  h3  has  left,  with 
other  iyue,  two  daughters,  of  whom  one 
is  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Butler,  and  the 
other  of  Lieut.  Thomas  Belgrave,  R.N. 

His  body  was  conveyed  for  interment 
to  the  family  vault  at  Tetbury  in  Glouces- 
tershire. 

He  was  always  popular  in  the  service. 
His  ships  were  fully  manned,  and  seamen 
would  wait  for  vacancies  in  them.  When 
the  President  was  commissioned  for  his 
flag-ship  for  the  Cape  station,  she  was  so 
quickly  manned  at  Portsmouth  that  when 
the  seamen  who  had  entered  for  her  at 
other  ports  arrived,  there  were  no  vacancies 
for  them.  At  the  Cape  he  was  so  esteemed 
by  all  classes  that  he  received  the  unpre- 
cedented compliment  of  a  public  dinner 
on  his  resigning  the  command. 


COLONKL  MUTTLEBURY,  C.B. 

Jan,  11.  At  Maida  Hill,  aged  78, 
Colonel  George  Muttlebury,  C.B.  and 
K.W.,  who  for  many  years  commanded 
the  69th  regiment. 

The  Colonel  was  descended  from  a  good 
Somersetshire  family,  who  were  formerly 
owners  of  property  near  Ilminster,  called 
"  Jordans,"  but  which  was  forfeited  to  the 
crown  in  consequence  of  the  adherence  of 
the  ColonePs  ancestor  to  the  unfortunate 
Monmouth. 

Colonel  Muttlebury  was  bom  at  Brigh- 
ton, and  the  following  sketch  of  his  career 
will  show  tiiat  his  military  service  was 
more  varied  than  falls  to  the  lot  of  most 
soldiers,  while,  as  we  believe,  few  have 
stood  higher  in  the  opinion  of  all  who 
knew  him  than  this  distinguished  officer, 
polished  gentleman,  and,  we  may  truly 
add,  good  Christian  man. 

He  joined  the  55th  regt.  as  an  Ensign 
at  the  camp  before  Nimegucn ;  served 
through  the  severe  winter  campaign  of 
1794-1795,  in  Holland,  and  was  engaged 
in  several  actions  with  the  enemy.  During 
the  marches  many  of  the  soldiers  were 
frozen  to  death,  and  Colonel  Muttlebury 
owed  the  preservation  of  his  life,  on  one 
ocoasion,  to  the  friendly  aid  of  a  serjeant, 
who  kept  shaking  him  whenever  symp- 
toms of  drowsiness  appeared.    He  shortly 


1854.] 


Obituary. — James-  Ewing,  Esq. 


203 


afterwards  accompanied  his  regiment  to 
the  West  Indies,  and  was  nearly  lost  in 
the  tremendous  gales  which  Admiral  Chris- 
tian's fleet  encountered,  during  which  a 
large  portion  of  the  ships  foundered.  The 
55th  was  present  at  the  capture  of  St. 
Lucie,  and  was  subsequently  employed 
against  what  were  called  the  brigands  in 
that  island  for  almost  a  twelvemonth,  a 
service  of  the  most  harassing  and  destruc- 
tive character.  For  months  together 
neither  officers  nor  men  took  off  their 
clothes  ;  whenever  they  lay  down  it  was 
with  their  arms  beside  them,  in  preparation 
for  the  sudden  attacks  which  were  of  daily 
occurrence ;  and  the  regiment  actually  lost 
twenty-five  officers  and  more  than  six 
hundred  men  in  that  short  period. 

Lieutenant  Muttlebury's  next  service 
with  the  55th  was  in  the  expedition  to  the 
Helder,  under  Sir  Ralph  Abercromby, 
which  was  of  short  duration ;  but  scarcely 
had  the  regiment  set  foot  in  England  once 
more,  when  it  was  despatched,  in  all  baste, 
to  the  West  Indies  again,  in  consequence 
of  the  mutiny  of  the  8th  West  India  Regi- 
ment at  Dominica. 

Having  attained  the  rank  of  Captain, 
the  subject  of  this  memoir  was  removed 
to  the  G9th,  and  sailed  for  the  East  Indies 
in  1804,  where  he  remained  till  the  end  of 
1807,  when  ill -health  drove  him  home. 
In  Nov.  1813,  when  a  Major,  he  accom- 
panied the  2d  battalion  of  the  69th  to 
Holland,  was  present  at  the  bombardment 
of  the  French  fleet  lying  at  Antwerp,  and 
the  storming  of  the  celebrated  fortress  of 
Bergen>op-Zoom,  on  which  occasion  his 
distinguished  conduct  and  intrepidity  drew 
forth  high  commendation  from  Sir  Thomas 
Graham  in  his  despatch,  and  procured  him 
the  rank  of  Lieut.-Colonel  by  brevet,  the 
only  instance  within  our  recollection  where 
promotion  has  been  conferred  after  a 
failure. 

In  the  brief  but  glorious  and  important 
campaign  of  1 8 1 5,  the  69th  was  one  of  those 
regiments  which  came  up  so  opportunely 
early  in  the  battle  of  Quatre  Bras,  in  which 
it  suffered  very  severely  by  the  overwhelm- 
ing attack  of  a  large  body  of  French 
Cuirassiers,  when  in  the  act  of  deploying, 
by  a  mistaken  order  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  who  commanded  in  that  part  of 
the  field  ;  but  this  did  not  prevent  the 
brave  little  battalion  from  sharing  in  the 
glory  of  Waterloo,  where  its  post  was  on 
the  right  centre  of  our  position,  and, 
combined  with  the  33rd,  which  was  also 
very  weak,  formed  together  a  respectable 
battalion.  Events  proved  its  station  to  be 
one  of  the  most  exposed  in  the  line. 
Colonel  Morice,  who  commanded  the  69th, 
being  early  killed,  was  succeeded  by  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Muttlebury,  whose  energies  were 


severely  taxed  to  maintain  the  ground. 
Section  after  section  was  swept  off  by  the 
destructive  fire  of  the  enemy's  artillery, 
whilst  their  cavalry  repeatedly  surrounded 
and  seemed  determined  to  make  mince- 
meat of  the  remnant,  but  whenever  the 
smoke  cleared  oflf  there  it  stood,  firm  and 
undoubted.  At  the  last  grand  attack, 
however,  one  of  Ney's  masses,  as  it  neared 
the  crest  of  our  position,  poured  in  such 
a  storm  of  fire  as  mortal  man  could  not 
withstand,  and  the  soldiers  gave  way  ;  bat 
the  disorder  was  happily  of  short  duration, 
as  the  example  and  efforts  of  Colonel 
Muttlebnry  succeeded  immediately  in  ral- 
lying the  69th,  while  the  commander  of 
the  33rd  did  the  same  with  his  men.  This 
occurred  only  a  few  minutes  before  the 
Guards  and  General  Adams'  brigade  de- 
livered their  fire  on  the  most  advanced  of 
Ney's  columns  of  attack,  which  was,  in  fact, 
the  great  crisis  of  the  day.  Every  body 
knows  that  the  enemy  was  instantly  thrown 
into  disorder,  which  Ney  and  his  brave 
officers  failed  to  remedy,  and  the  battle 
was  over. 

In  1818  Colonel  Muttlebury  sailed  once 
more  for  Madras  with  his  old  69th,  where 
he  remained  till  1821,  holding  for  a  short 
time  command  of  the  provinces  of  Malabar 
and  Canara ;  but  ill  health  again  com- 
pelled him  to  leave  India,  and  he  was  put 
on  board  ship  in  an  apparently  dying  con- 
dition. He  rallied  however  during  the 
voyage  home,  and  recovered  his  usual 
health  after  a  short  residence  in  Eng*- 
land. 

In  1824  he  was  placed  in  command  of  a 
provisional  battalion  of  1 ,500  men  at  Ports- 
mouth ;  but  on  the  arrival  from  India  of 
the  69th,  which  occurred  soon  after,  he 
resumed  the  charge  of  his  old  comrades  in 
arms,  with  whom  he  remained  until  1826, 
when  a  return  of  bad  health  forced  him  to 
retire  from  the  service ;  the  esteem  of  his 
brother  officers  of  the  69th  being  testified 
by  a  handsome  present  of  plate. 


James  Ewing,  Eso. 

Dec.  6.  At  his  town  residence,  West 
George-street,  Glasgow,  in  his  78th  year, 
James  Ewing,  esq. 

Mr.  Ewing  was  the  leader  of  the  well- 
known  firm  of  J.  Ewing  and  Co.  West 
India  merchants.  Like  the  majority  of 
our  merchant  princes,  he  was  the  artificer 
of  his  own  fortune.  For  many  years  Mr. 
Ewing  took  a  leading  part  in  the  muni- 
cipal affairs  of  Glasgow,  and  served  the 
office  of  Lord  Provost.  At  the  general 
election  of  1832  (the  first  after  the  enact- 
ment of  Reform)  Mr.  Ewing  was  returned 
as  one  of  the  members  for  that   city* 


204 


Obituary. — Mrs.  Hoare. 


[Feb. 


There  were  so  many  as  six  candidates,  and 
the  poll  terminated  as  follows : — 

James  Ewing,  esq.     .     .  3,214 

James  Oswald,  esq.    .     .  2,838 

Sir  Daniel  K.  Sandford  .  2,168 

John  Crawford,  esq.       .  1,850 

John  Douglas,  esq.    .     .  1,340 

Joseph  Dixon,  esq.    .     .  995 

Up  to  that  period  Mr.  Ewing  was  recog- 
nised as  a  memher  of  the  Conservative 
I)arty,  but  he  made  some  concession  of 
his  views.  It  was  not,  however,  sufficient 
in  the  opinion  of  the  Liberal  party  in 
Glasgow,  and  at  the  next  election,  in  1835, 
he  lost  his  seat  by  a  poll  which  termi- 
nated thus  : — 


James  Oswald,  esq. 
Colin  Dunlop,  esq. 
James  Ewing,  esq. 


3,832 
3,267 
2,297 


Mr.  Ewing  was  a  man  of  considerable 
literary  attainment.  He  was  also  a  man  of 
refined  taste  in  high  art,  of  which  he  was 
a  generous  patron.  A  considerable  time 
ago  he  retired  from  active  life,  but  his  in- 
terest in  every  philanthropic  movement 
continued  unflagging.  A  large  portion  of 
the  princely  fortune  which  he  had  amassed 
was  devoted  to  charitable  purposes.  Last 
summer  he  gave  a  munificent  donation  of 
10,000/.  as  the  nucleus  of  a  permanent 
sustentation  fund  for  the  support  of  the 
ministers  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland. 
He  has  left  upwards  of  400,000/. ;  and  in 
addition  to  handsome  bequests  to  gentle- 
men who  were  in  his  employment,  he  has 
made  donations  of  20,000/.  to  the  Mer- 
chants' House,  10,000/.  to  the  Royal  In- 
firmary, 5,000/.  to  the  town  of  Dumbarton 
to  build  an  infirmary,  a  considerable 
amount  to  the  funds  of  the  Glasgow 
Asylum  for  the  Blind,  and  the  following 
benefactions  to  the  Free  Church,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  liberal  gifts  during  his  life  : — 
Education  of  students,  5,000/.  ;  New  Col- 
lege, Edinburgh,  2,000/.;  proposed  Free 
Church  College  in  Glasgow,  5,000/. ; 
Church  building,  1,000/.;  Manse  Fund, 
1,000/.;  500/.  each  to  the  Five  Schemes 
ef  the  Church,  2,500/.;  Bonhill  Free 
Church,  500/. ;  Dunbarton  Free  Church, 
500/. ;  Kilmarnock  Free  Church,  500/. ; 
and  100/.  a-year  to  the  Sustentation  Fund. 

His  second  daughter,  Caroline,  was  mar- 
ried in  1843  to  Caledon  Duprd  Alexander, 
esq.  a  great- nephew  of  the  first  Earl  of 
Caledon. 


Mrs.  Hoare. 

Dec.  7.  At  Luscombe  Castle,  near  Daw- 
lish,  in  her  H5th  year,  Frances-Dorothea, 
widow  of  Charles  Hoare,  esq. 

She  was  the  eldest  daughter  of  Sir 
George  Robinson,  of  Cranford,  co.  North- 


ampton, Bart.  M.P.  for  Northampton,  by 
Dorothea,  daughter  of  John  Chester,  esq. 
Her  marriage  took  place  on  the  7th  May, 
1790  ;  and  she  was  left  a  widow  on  the 
16th  Nov.  1852,  when  Mr.  Hoare  died 
at  the  age  of  85,  and  a  biographical  notice 
and  character  of  him  appeared  in  our  vol. 
XXXVII.  p.  191. 

Mrs.  Hoare  first  arrived  in  Dawlish  in 
1796,  having  been  recommended  to  the 
place  on  account  of  the  salubrity  of  its 
climate.  She  was  naturally  delicate,  and 
to  the  surprise  of  her  family  and  friends, 
after  sojourning  a  brief  space  there,  her 
health  became  speedily  restored.  This 
result,  as  well  as  the  delightful  scenery  of 
the  neighbourhood,  induced  Mr.  Hoare  to 
purchase  a  large  extent  of  land  in  the  vale 
of  Coombe,  where  he  commenced  the 
erection  of  Luscombe  Castle,  and  it  was 
here  the  deceased  lady  lived  in  peaceful  re- 
tirement and  unostentatious  charity.  Her 
many  acts  of  benevolence,  even  though 
briefly  told,  would  fill  no  scanty  page  in 
the  history  of  Christian  philanthropy. 
Was  a  school  to  be  built,  she  gave  a  build- 
ing site,  and  something  towards  its  en- 
dowment ;  was  want,  misery,  or  affliction 
known  to  exist  among  her  poorer  neigh- 
bours, she  listened  to  their  tale  of  sorrow, 
and  her  wealth  and  her  prayers  were  spent 
in  endeavours  to  assuage  their  suffering 
and  distress.  To  the  Teignmouth  and 
Dawlish  Dispensary  she  contribtited  very 
material  aid,  and  the  poor  have  been  ac- 
customed to  look  with  great  interest  to 
her  periodical  gifts  of  clothing.  The  sites 
of  three  schools  in  Dawlish — the  boys', 
girls*,  and  infants',  with  the  teachers' 
residences — and  contributions  of  a  sub- 
stantial kind,  are  owing  to  her  liberality; 
while  the  parishioners  will  ever  remember 
the  great  boon  of  a  public  clock  recently 
erected  at  her  sole  expense  in  the  tower  of 
St.  Mark's  Chapel.  The  servants  of  the 
family,  and  the  tradesmen  of  Dawlish,  have 
to  regret  the  loss  of  a  kind  mistress  and 
considerate  employer;  and  the  example  of 
the  deceased  lady  will  go  down  to  future 
ages  as  one  who,  in  patient  resignation  to 
the  Divine  will,  through  much  physical 
suffering,  did  what  she  could  in  His  name 
to  alleviate  the  privations  of  honest  poverty 
and  sickness.  The  mansion  and  estates 
(in  default  of  issue)  descend  to  a  nephew 
of  the  late  Mr.  Hoare,  Peter  Hoare,  esq. 
of  the  eminent  firm  of  Hoare  and  Co. 
bankers,  Fleet-street 

The  funeral  of  Mrs.  Hoare  took  place 
at  Dawlish  church  on  Thursday,  the  15tb 
Dec.  The  chief  mourners  were  Mr.  R. 
Blencowe,  Sir  Thomas  Acland,  Bart,  and 
Mr.  D.  A.  Troyte,  followed  by  the  Rev. 
Rev.  L.  Acland,  Mr.  T.  Acland,  and  Mr. 
H.    Merridale;    the   pall -bearers    were 


1854.]        Obituary— i?«;.  William  Hodge  Mill,  D.D. 


205 


Messrs.  J.  Blencowe,  A.  Hoare,  Framp- 
ton,  H.  Grant,  Mills,  and  the  Rev.  N. 
Gould. 


Rev.  W.  H.  Mill,  D.D. 

Dec.  25.  At  Brasted,  Kent,  in  his  62nd 
year,  the  Rev.  William  Hodge  Mill,  D.D. 
Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge,  Canon  of  Ely,  Rector 
of  Brasted,  and  F.R.A.S. 

Dr.  Mill  entered  at  Trinity  college  in 
1809,  graduated  as  sixth  wrangler  in  1813, 
and  was  elected  Fellow  of  Trinity  Oct.  1 , 
1814,  together  with  the  present  Dean  of 
Ely,  both  at  their  first  sitting,  there  being 
only  two  vacancies.  He  proceeded  M.A. 
1816;  was  ordained  deacon  at  Norwich  in 
1817,  and  priest  at  Wells  in  the  following 
year.  In  1820  he  went  out  to  India  as 
the  first  Principal  of  Bishop^s  College, 
Calcutta,  the  noble  foundation  of  Bishop 
Middleton.  The  following  is  an  extract 
from  the  '*  Life  of  Bishop  Middleton  :  '* — 

*'  On  his  return  to  Calcutta,  the  Bishop 
had  the  satisfaction  of  finding  there  Mr. 
Mill  and  Mr.  Alt,  who  had  arrived  from 
England  the  February  preceding,  the  one 
to  fill  the  office  of  Principal,  the  other  that 
of  a  Professor,  at  Bishop's  College.  To 
these  appointments  the  Bishop  had  long 
looked  forward  with  a  very  natural  anxiety, 
more  especially  the  former,  since  the  fu- 
ture  prosperity  aud  honour  of  the  institu- 
tion might,  in  a  considerable  measure, 
depend  upon  the  character  of  its  first  Pre- 
sident. In  Mr.  Mill  he  had  the  satisfac- 
tion to  find  (as  he  bad  anticipated)  a  person 
admirably  fitted  to  do  justice  to  his  own 
exalted  views  respecting  the  duties  and 
capacities  of  the  establishment.  He  de- 
scribes that  gentleman  as  a  man  of  noble 
attainments,  such  as  he  had  never  before 
met  with  in  India.  Every  thing  he  saw  of 
the  new  Principal  impressed  him  with  a 
high  opinion  of  his  powers.  And  it  may 
be  here  added  that  all  their  subsequent  in- 
tercourse gave  his  lordship  the  amplest 
cause  for  rejoicing  that  the  Society  had 
provided  him  with  so  able,  accomplished, 
and  zealous  a  co-operator.''  In  a  letter 
(Oct.  29,  1821)  the  Bishop  writes  thus  of 
Mr.  Mill : — "  His  attainments  are,  indeed, 
pre-eminent.  It  would  be  an  honour  to 
any  learned  establishment  to  have  such  a 
man  at  the  head  of  it.  I  sometimes  con- 
verse with  him — two  or  three  hours  to- 
gether, upon  books,  and  their  subjects,  and 
knowing  pretty  well  as  I  do  the  measure 
of  men^s  minds  here,  I  will  take  upon  me 
to  say,  that  his  knowledge,  both  in  area 
and  in  depihj  has  nothing  equal  to  it  in 
India." 

Dr.  Mill  returned  home  on  account  of 
impaired  health,  in  1838.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Domestic  and  Examining  Chap- 


lain to  Archbishop  Howley  in  1839,  and 
Christian  Advocate  in  the  University  of 
Cambridge  in  1840.  Having  proceeded 
D.D.  he  was  admitted  ad  eundem  at  Ox- 
ford, May  11,  1839,  being  presented 
thereto  by  the  Provost  of  Oriel. 

In  1843  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  Re- 
gius Professorship  of  Divinity  at  Cam- 
bridge, but  the  election  was  in  favour  of 
Dr.  Ollivant,  the  present  Bishop  of  Llan- 
daff,  who  had  four  votes ;  Dr.  Christopher 
Wordsworth  having  two  votes,  and  Dr.  Mill 
one.  In  the  same  year  Archbishop  Howley 
presented  him  to  the  living  of  Brasted, 
Kent ;  and  in  1848,  on  the  retirement  of 
Professor  Lee,  he  was  elected  Regius  Pro- 
fessor of  Hebrew,  to  which  office  a  Canonry 
at  Ely  is  attached. 

As  a  mathematician  and  scholar.  Dr. 
Mill's  attainments  were  of  the  very  highest 
order;  and  the  pursuits  of  his  youth  he 
continued  as  the  relaxation  of  his  maturer 
years.  His  acquirements  in  Sanscrit  have 
won  him  an  European  reputation  ;  and,  as 
a  contribution  to  the  evangelizing  of  India, 
as  well  as  a  classical  production  in  that 
great  language,  his  Chris  fa  Sangrita  is  a 
work  unparalleled  in  modern  literature. 

During  the  five  years  of  his  Professor- 
ship he  had  gone  through  in  his  Lectures 
the  whole  Book  of  Psalms,  and  had  com- 
menced, during  the  last  term,  the  Minor 
Prophets,  leaving  off  at  the  fifth  chapter  of 
Hosea.  In  these  studies  he  frequently 
consumed  a  great  part  of  the  night,  sparing 
no  labour  in  investigating  the  sacred  text 
and  the  true  interpretation  of  Scripture. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  his  published 
works : — 

Christa  Sangrita,  the  Life  of  Christ  in 
Sanskrit. 

Analysis  of  Pearson  on  the  Creed. 

Arabic  Translation  of  Bridge's  Algebra 
(published  at  Calcutta.) 

Four  Volumes  of  Sermons,  chiefly 
preached  before  the  University. 

Observations  on  the  attempted  applica- 
tion of  Pantheistic  Principles  to  the  Theory 
and  Historic  Criticism  of  the  Gospel. 
Part  I.  being  the  Christian  Advocate's 
Publication  for  1840. 

An  Annual  Volume  as  Christian  Ad- 
vocate, from  1841  to  1844. 

Latin  Preelection  as  Candidate  for  the 
Regius  Professorship  of  Divinity. 

Besides  several  occasional  sermons,  and 
other  publications  in  India, and  in  England; 
and  papers  in  the  Aeiatic  Joumalj  and  in 
English  periodicals. 

Dr.  Mill  has  departed  amidst  the  sin- 
cere regrets  of  a  very  numerous  private 
acquaintance.  He  leaves  a  widow  and 
surviving  daughter,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Benjamin  Webb,  of  Sheen. 

On  Monday,  the  18th  Dec.  he  came  up 


Obituary.— 7?tft;.  Richard  Harington,  D.D,  [Feb. 

of  the  Quarter  Sessions,  acting  with  the 
strictest  impartiality,  and  on  a  knowledge 
of  the  law  obtained  by  diligent  study. 
In  1842  he  was  elected  Principal  of  his 
college  after  a  severe  contest,  the  other 
candidates  being  the  Rev.  T.  T.  Churton, 
one  of  the  college  tutors,  and  the  Rev. 
T.  T.  Bazeley,  Rector  of  Poplar.  He  then 
proceeded  to  the  degrees  of  B.  and  D.D. 
Since  his  cjevatton  to  the  headship,  he  was 
always  most  diligently  employed,  both  in 
collegiate  and  university  business.  He 
was  at  the  time  of  his  death  Pro-Vicc- 
Chancellor,  Delegate  of  Appeals  in  Con- 
gregation, and  Commissioner  of  the  Market. 
He  was  employed  upon  most  delegacies, 
among  others  on  that  which  undertook 
the  restoration  of  St.  Mary's  spire,  and 
that  which  recently  considered  the  details 
of  the  New  Museum.  He  was  Select 
Preacher  in  1848>9,  and  was  an  active 
patron  and  more  than  once  President  of 
the  Oxford  Architectural  Society.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Liberal  Conservative, 
having  always  given  a  consistent  support 
to  Mr.  Gladstone,  and  at  the  last  election 
proposed  him  as  a  fit  and  proper  person 
to  represent  the  University.  In  him  the 
movement  party  in  the  University  loses  a 
staunch  supporter,  one  of  his  latest  acts 
having  been,  it  is  said,  to  support  a  pro- 
position in  the  committee  on  the  subject 
of  University  reform,  in  favour  of  substi- 
tuting a  new  governing  branch  of  twelve 
Heads  of  Houses  and  twelve  elected  repre- 
sentatives of  Convocation  for  the  present 
Hebdomadal  Board. 

Whatever  he  undertook  he  did  well,  for 
he  gave  his  whole  heart  to  it ;  and  he 
never  undertook  anything  but  in  the  spirit 
of  a  true  gentleman.  When  a  tutor  at 
Brasenose  he  worked  in  term-time  witli  all 
the  diligence  which  he  knew  his  college 
had  a  right  to  demand ;  and  yet,  in  his 
vacations,  he  was  known  to  a  large  circle 
as  one  who  eotered  with  zest  into  all  the 
refined  amusements  of  London  society. 
His  attention  to  the  pupils  confided  to  his 
care  was  not  only  conscientious  but  even 
kind  and  affectionate ;  and  his  manners 
were  always  those  of  the  well-bred  gentle- 
man. 

Dr.  Harington  married,  Aug.  1,  1833, 
Cecilia,  fourth  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Smith,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of  Durham,  and 
by  that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he  has 
left  four  children.  The  eldest,  a  ton,  is 
now  at  Christ  church. 

His  death  occurred  after  a  brief  illness 
of  three  days.  His  funeral  took  place  in 
the  College  chapel  on  the  20th  December. 
The  service  was  read  by  the  Vice -Principal 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Chaffers,  M.A.  and  the 
pall  was  borne  by  the  six  Fellows  next  to 
bim  in  rotation.    BetidM  the  ooUog*  aa- 


206 


to  London  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the 
Foreign  Translation  Committee  of  the  So- 
ciety for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge. 
The  extreme  cold  of  the  day  brought  on  an 
obstruction,  which  no  medical  skill  could 
counteract,  and  he  died  without  pain,  and 
with  all  such  consolations  as  his  friends 
could  wish,  on  the  evening  of  Christmas 
Day. 

His  body  was  interred  in  Ely  Cathedral 
on  Saturday  the  Slst  Dec.  Among  the 
mourners  were  his  intimate  friend  and 
contemporary  the  Dean,  Canons  E.  Sparke 
and  Thompson  (Greek  Professor),  the  Ven. 
Archdeacon  Harrison,  of  Maidstone  (for- 
merly co-chaplain  with  the  deceased  to  the 
late  Archbishop  of  Canterbury),  the  Rev. 
J.  J.  Blunt  (Lady  Margaret's  Professor), 
the  Rev.  G.  Williams,  Fellow  of  King's, 
and  the  Rev.  Ernest  Hawkins,  Secretary  to 
the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gos- 
pel (on  the  part  of  that  venerable  Society). 
The  body  was  met  by  the  Dean  at  the 
entrance  of  the  cathedral ;  and  the  senior 
Canon  in  residence,  the  Rev.  Canon  Sel- 
wyn,  officiated.  After  the  body  followed 
the  family  of  the  deceased,  consisting  of 
his  widow,  his  daughter,  his  brother,  and 
his  son-in-law ;  and  J.  G.  Maitland,  esq. 
barrister-at-law,  as  executor.  There  were 
also  many  fellows  of  colleges  and  other 
members  of  the  university  of  Cambridge 
present,  including  a  large  number  of 
undergraduates.  The  body  was  depo- 
sited in  a  vault  immediately  behind  the 
beautiful  reredos  lately  erected  at  the  back 
of  the  altar. 


Rev.  Richard  Harington,  D.D. 

Dec.  13.  At  his  residence  in  High- 
street,  Oxford,  aged  53,  the  Rev.  Richard 
Harington,  D.D.  Principal  of  Brasenose 
college,  and  Pro-Vice-Chancellor  of  the 
University. 

Dr.  Harington  was  bom  on  the  2Cth 
April,  1800,  the  third  son  of  Sir  John- 
Edward  Harington  the  eighth  Baronet,  of 
Ridliugton,  co.  Rutland,  by  Marianne, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Philpot,  esq. 

He  was  originally  a  member  of  Christ 
Church,  and  graduated  as  B.A.  in  the  year 
1831,  when  he  was  placed  in  the  first  class 
In  Literia  Humanioribut  with  four  others. 
Shortly  afterwards  he  was  elected  to  a 
fellowship  in  Brasenose  college,  where  he 
remained  till  the  year  1833,  serving  in 
several  of  the  more  important  college 
offices.  In  that  year  he  accepted  the  rec- 
tory of  Oulde,  Northamptonshire,  on  the 
presentation  of  the  Principal  and  Fellows, 
and  retired  to  that  living,  where  he  was 
well-known   as  a   hard  •  working    parish 

Sriest,  and  a  most  active  magistrate.     He 
eld  for  8om«  years  the  office  of  Chairman 


1854.] 


Obituary.^— iTenry  Gunning,  Esq. 


207 


thorities,  there  were  only  present  the  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  the  University,  the  Mayor 
of  Oxford,  the  Heads  of  Houses  who 
hold  the  office  of  Pro-Vice-Chancellor, 
and  a  few  of  the  immediate  friends  of  the 
deceased,  among  whom  was  his  nephew, 
Sir  John  Edward  Harington,  Bart,  the 
representatire  of  this  ancient  family. 

The  Society  of  Brasenose  heing  desirous 
to  erect  in  their  chapel  some  memorial  to 
their  late  Principal,  it  is  in  contemplation 
to  devote  whatever  sum  may  be  subscribed 
for  this  purpose  to  filling  with  stained 
glass  one  or  more  of  the  windows.  This 
will  be  in  harmony  with  the  known  wishes 
of  the  deceased,  who,  some  years  ago, 
drew  up  a  plan  for  adorning  the  chapel  in 
this  way,  and  was  very  anxious  to  see  it 
carried  into  effect.  His  library  is  an- 
nounced for  sale  by  auction  by  Messrs. 
Sotheby  and  Wilkinson. 

Henry  Gunning,  Esa. 

Jan.  4.  At  Brighton,  in  the  86th  year 
of  his  age,  Henry  Gunning,  esq.  M.A. 
Senior  Esquire  Bedell  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  and  probably  the  oldest 
member  of  that  body. 

Mr.  Gunning  was  born  at  Newton,  near 
Cambridge  (of  which  parish  his  father, 
the  Rev.  Francis  Gunning,*  was  Vicar), 
on  the  13th  Feb.  1768.  He  was  entered 
of  Christ's  college,  1784,  became  a  Scho- 
lar of  the  House,  and  took  his  degree  of 
B.A.  as  fifth  Wrangler,  in  1788.  On  the 
13th  Oct.  1789,  he  was  elected  one  of  the 
Esquire  Bedells  of  the  University  (after  a 
contest,  in  which  he  polled  105  votes 
against  58  recorded  for  his  competitor, 
Mr.  Eamonson,  of  St.  Catharine's  Hall). 
He  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  1791,  but  it 
was  not  till  1827  that  he  became  Senior 
Bedell.  In  that  capacity  he  had  the  hon9ur 
to  receive  gold  chains  from  three  succes- 
sive Chancellors  of  the  University,  viz. 
the  Marquess  of  Camden  (1834),  the  Duke 
of  Northumberland  (1844),  and  His  Royal 
Highness  Prince  Albert  (1847).  Mr. 
Gunning,  in  1827,  published  a  new  and 
improved  edition  of  Adam  Wall's  *'  Cere- 
monies of  the  University  ;"  and  in  1850 
a  small  pamphlet  on  the  subject  of  "  Com- 
positions for  Degrees." 

In  1852  Mr.  Gunning  announced  his 
intention  of  publishing  {hj  subscription), 
"  Reminiscences  of  the  University,  Town, 
and  County  of  Cambridge,  from    1789." 


•  The  Rev.  Francis  Gunning  (who  was 
Vicar  also  of  the  adjacent  parishes  of 
Thriplow  and  Hauxton),  was  grandson  of 
William  Gunning,  the  first  cousin  of  and 
secretary  to  that  distinguished  prelate  Peter 
Gunning,  successively  Bishop  of  Chichester 
and  Ely. 


This  work,  which  would  no  doubt  have 
been  most  interesting,  was  to  have  been 
dedicated  to  the  Dean  of  Ely  and  the 
Rev.  Professor  Sedgwick:  the  Dukes  of 
Rutland,  Somerset,  and  Buccleugh,  the 
Marquess  of  Lansdowne,  Earl  FitzwiUiam, 
the  Earls  of  Burlington  and  Stamford, 
Lord  Monteagle,  the  Lord  Chief  Baron, 
Lord  Palmerston,  the  Bishops  of  London, 
Durham,  Winchester,  Lincoln,  Gloucester, 
Bangor,  Carlisle,  Peterborough,  Worces- 
ter, St.  David's,  Lichfield,  Ely,  Chester, 
and  Llandaff,  were  amongst  its  patrons. 
Mr.  Gunning's  subsequent  illness  pre- 
vented the  completion  of  his  design,  but 
we  have  heard  it  stated  that  a  large  portion 
of  the  work  had  been  prepared  for  the 
press.  On  the  announcement  of  these 
**  Reminiscences,*'  Mr.  Gunning  received 
a  number  of  very  kind  and  most  interest- 
ing letters.  In  one,  written  by  Dr.  Gra- 
ham the  present  Bishop  of  Chester,  occurs 
the  following  passage : 

*'  Among  my  own  recollections  of  Cam* 
bridge,  not  the  least  pleasing  is  the  me- 
mory of  our  agreeable  intercourse  during 
each  of  the  years  when  I  held  the  office  of 
Vice-Chancellor.  I  well  recall  to  mind 
how  often  in  our  official  hospitalities  the 
social  hour  was  enlivened  by  the  flow  of 
your  cheerful  conversation  and  the  variety 
of  your  interesting  anecdotes,  many  of 
which,  no  doubt,  will  find  a  permanent 
place  in  your  forthcoming  volume.  I  only 
wish  it  were  possible  to  impart  to  the 
written  page  something  of  the  charm  which 
your  own  voice  and  manner  gave  to  every 
subject,  whether  grave  or  gay." 

From  a  very  early  period  till  he  was 
about  80  years  of  age  Mr.  Gunning  took 
an  active  part  in  local  politics.  His  sup- 
port of  the  Reform  Bill  was  strenuous  and 
effective,  and  soon  after  it  passed  he  was 
presented  by  many  of  the  electors  of  Cam- 
bridge with  a  handsome  gold  medal.  When 
the  Municipal  Corporations  Act  came  into 
force,  Mr.  Gunning  was  elected  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  Town  Council  of  Cambridge, 
which  position  he  retained  till  1841. 
The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  letter 
dated  Oct.  11,  1852,  written  by  the  Rev. 
Profesor  Sedgwick  to  an  intimate  friend 
of  the  deceased : — 

**  Say  everything  that  is  kind  on  my 
part  to  Mr.  Gunning.  Tell  him  that  he 
is  one  of  my  oldest  and  most  valued 
friends  ;  that  I  have  now  known  him  for 
considerably  more  than  forty  years,  in- 
deed, almost  fifty  ;  for  I  came  up  Fresh- 
man in  1804,  and  I  have  known  him  almost 
ever  since.  I  always  respected  him  as  a 
gentleman  of  high  and  honourable  feeiines; 
and  I  admired  that  independence  of  his 
character  which  led  him  to  do  homage  to 
what  he  believed  truth,  and  to  seek  what 


208 


Obituary. — Seth  William  Stevenson^  Esq,  F.S.A.      [Feb. 


he  believed  the  best  social  and  political 
interests  of  his  country  without  fear, 
favour,  or  affection;  and  above  all  with- 
out any  regard  to  his  own  private  interests. 
That  one  who  felt  so  strongly  should  be 
always  right  would  be  out  of  human  na- 
ture; but  in  most  of  his  views  I  sympa- 
thised with  him ;  and  I  always  liked  bis 
detestation  of  that  base  coin  of  sham  and 
humbug,  by  which  so  many  men  in  former 
times  (for  I  do  think  men  are  more  sincere 
now,  though  still  bad  enough) ,  paid  their 
way  through  the  world,  and  cut  a  pom- 
pous figure  in  it.'' 

Though  of  very  decided  political  princi- 
ples, and  not  slow  in  expressing  his  opi- 
nions with  warmth  and  earnestness,  it  is 
gratifying  to  add  that  Mr.  Gunning  en- 
joyed the  friendship  of  many  excellent 
persons,  whose  sentiments  differed  very 
widely  from  his  own. 

His  long  official  position  in  the  Uni- 
versity brought  him  into  frequent  contact 
with  many  members  of  that  body,  by 
whom  he  was  very  highly  respected  for  his 
courtesy,  gentlemanly  bearing,  and  the 
great  liberality  with  which  he  communi- 
cated to  others  his  extensive  and  peculiar 
knowledge  respecting  the  privileges  and 
constitution  of  the  University. 

A  few  years  since  Mr.  Gunning,  by  an 
accidental  fall,  fractured  his  hip-joint, 
and  became  incurably  lame.  We  regret  to 
add  that  his  subsequent  sufferings  were 
very  severe  and  protracted,  though  borne 
with  the  fortitude  and  hope  of  a  sincere 
Christian. 

Mr.  Gunning  married  in  1794  Miss 
Bertram,  whom  he  survived  many  years. 
His  eldest  and  only  surviving  son,  Henry 
Bertram  Gunning,  esq.  of  Little  Sbelford 
in  Cambridgeshire,  was  formerly  a  Charity 
Commissioner,  and  an  Assistant  Tithe 
Commissioner.  Another  son,  Francis  John 
Gunning,  was  an  eminent  solicitor  in 
Cambridge,  and  held  the  office  of  Town 
Clerk  from  1836  to  1840;  and  a  third  son, 
Frederick  Gunning,  esq.  was  at  the  bar, 
having  extensive  practice  on  the  Norfolk 
Circuit,  and  was  the  author  of  a  treatise 
on  the  «*  Law  of  Tolls." 

A  fine  portrait  of  Mr.  Gunning,  by  his 
friend  the  late  Dr.  Woodhouse,  is  in  the 
possession  of  C.  H.  Cooper,  esq.  F.S.A. 
the  present  Town  Clerk  of  Cambridge. 

It  was  intended,  on  Mr.  Gunning's 
death,  to  reduce  the  number  of  Esquire 
Bedells  to  two.  A  Grace  to  that  effect 
was,  however,  rejected  by  the  Senate  in 
February  1853. 


Seth  Wm.  Stevenson,  Esq.  F.S.A. 
Dec.  22,    At  the  house  of  his  son-in- 
law  Mr.  John  Deighton,  at  Cambridge,  in 
IS 


his  69th  year,  Seth  William  Stevenson, 
esq.  of  Norwich,  F.S.A.  and  M.N.S. 

This  gentleman  was  the  only  son  of 
William  Stevenson,  esq.  F.S.A.  who  edited 
the  Second  Edition  of  Bentham's  History 
of  Ely  1812  ;  to  which  he  added  a  Sup- 
plemental Volume  in  1817;  and  of  whom 
a  memoir  will  be  found  in  our  Magazine 
for  May,  1821,  p.  472.  Mr.  Steven- 
son's father  and  himself  had  been  pro* 
prietors  of  The  Norfolk  Chronicle  for 
nearly  70  years,  and  the  subject  of  this 
notice  had  been  a  member  of  the  firm  45 
years,  occupying  a  most  important  and 
prominent  position  in  its  proprietary  and 
editorial  management.  "  We  lose  (re- 
mark his  coadjutors  in  that  journal) 
his  clear,  comprehensive,  and  directing 
mind — his  vigorous  intellect  and  cultivated 
taste— the  ready  pen  of  the  accomplished 
scholar — the  needed  advice  in  difficulty 
and  emergency  of  such  a  matured  age — 
and  the  high  privilege  of  habitual  inter- 
course with  a  noble-hearted  English  gentle- 
man and  Christian.  A  rare  concentration 
of  qualities,  bestowed  by  Providence  in  a 
position  of  life  especially  needing  them, 
and  ever  used  by  their  possessor  for  the 
worthiest  and  holiest  of  purposes.^' 

Although  Mr.  Stevenson  devoted  to  the 
calling  of  his  adoption  the  largest  and  most 
valuable  portion  of  his  time  and  talents, 
and  though  naturally  of  a  retiring  disposi- 
tion, he,  as  a  good  citizen,  hesitated  not 
to  make  large  sacrifices  of  personal  ease, 
in  order  to  fill  the  most  important  muni- 
cipal offices  under  the  old  corporation. 
He  was  elected  City  Sheriff  in  1828,  con- 
jointly with  G.  Grout,  esq.  In  the  same 
year  he  became  an  Alderman,  and  in  1832 
he  was  unanimously  elected  to  serve  the 
office  of  Mayor.  The  exemplary  manner 
in  which  every  appointment  was  filled  is 
still  fresh  in  the  recollection  of  his  con- 
temporaries ;  the  varied  functions  of  the 
respective  offices  were  discharged  with 
great  ability  and  honesty  of  purpose,  their 
dignity  maintained  by  carrying  them  out 
in  a  wise  and  enlightened  spirit,  dispensing 
at  the  same  time  the  ancient  hospitalities 
with  his  usual  liberality.  Within  the  last 
year  or  two  Mr.  S.  was  elected  a  Charity 
Trustee. 

Literary  pursuits,  and  especially  anti- 
quarian subjects,  engrossed  nearly  the 
entire  portion  of  leisure  which  the  more 
pressing  claims  of  business  permitted  to  be 
thus  appropriated.  In  early  life  Mr.  Ste- 
venson made  several  continental  tours, 
principally  with  the  view  to  enlarge  and 
cultivate  bis  taste,  and  certainly  without 
any  intention  of  ever  publishing  the  results 
of  his  observation.  The  year  after  the 
battle  of  Waterloo  he  visited,  in  company 
with  Captain  Moneys  the  scene  of  Eog* 


1854.J 


Obituary. —  William  Malthy,  Esq. 


209 


land's  proudest  military  triumph,  the  re- 
sult of  which  was  the  circulation,  amongst 
his  private  friends,  of  a  very  graphically 
written  book,  under  the  title  of  a  "  Journal 
of  a  Tour  through  part  of  France,  Flan- 
ders, and  Holland,   including   a  visit  to 
Paris,  and  a  walk  over  the  field  of  Water- 
loo, in  the  summer  of  1816."     This  was 
dedicated  to  the  Friars'  Society  of  Nor- 
wich,* of  which  literary  body  he  was  almost 
the  last  surviving  member.     In  1828  ap- 
peared a  second  Tour  in  Italy,  Switzerland, 
Germany,  and  the   Netherlands,  in  two 
octavo  volumes,  which  was  very  favourably 
received  by  the  reviewers.     But  the  book 
to  which  he  devoted  no  inconsiderable  por- 
tion of  the  last  ten  years,  and  which  it  was 
his  most  fondly  cherished  and  latest  desire 
to  have  published  during  his  lifetime,  was 
a  complete  ^*  Dictionary  of  Roman  Coins." 
It  is  devoted  wholly  to  the  Roman  series, 
including  the  Colonial  coins,  and  will  be 
well  illustrated  with  drawings  by  Mr.  Fair- 
holt.     Though  founded  on  the  great  works 
of  Eckhel,  Banduri,  and  others,  it  is  any- 
thing but  a  slavish  compilation,  as  Mr. 
Stevenson  has  freely  used  his  own  know- 
ledge of  coins  and  that  of  some  of  his 
friends,    and    introduced  much   original 
matter.    All  the  illustrations  have  been 
made  from  the  coins  themselves,  and  he 
spared  no  pains  or  cost  to  secure  them  or 
authenticated  casts.     We  are  happy  to  be 
able  to  add  that  half  of  this  work  is  already 
printed,  and  the  MS.  of  the  remainder  is 
in  a  sufficiently  forward  state  to  warrant  a 
hope  that  at  no  distant  period  the  book 
may  be  completed,  if  not  precisely  as  in- 
tended by  its  author,  at  least  so  as  to  form 
an   invaluable   compendium    of    what   is 
known  in  reference  to  this  department  of 
antiquarian  research. 

Mr.  Stevenson  made  several  communi- 
cations to  the  Numismatic  Society,  and 
among  the  rest  an  account  of  the  very  re- 
markable enchased  gold  coin  of  Mauricius, 
found  at  Bacton,  in  Norfolk.  To  the  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries  he  contributed  in  1847 
a  description  of  a  very  beautiful  carved 
ivory  casket  of  the  14th  century,  which 
was  in  his  own  possession,  and  which  was 
afterwards  the  subject  of  a  paper  by  Mr. 
Wright,  printed  in  the  Journal  of  the 
British  Archaeological  Association. 

Mr.  Stevenson  was  deeply  imbued  with 
true  Conservative  principles,  ardently  at- 
tached to  our  venerable  institutions  in 
Church  and  State,  but  especially  anxious 
that  our  national  Protestantism  should  be 
preserved  inviolate  alike  from  the  insidious 

*  Of  this  society  some  account  was 
given  appended  to  the  memoir  of  the  late 
R.  C.  Taylor,  esq.  in  our  Magazine  for 
Feb.  1852,  p.  209. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


attacks  of  Dissent,  and  the  more  violent  ag- 
gression of  Rome.  Whilst  he  viewed  with 
considerable  alarm  the  schisms  caused  in 
the  bosom  of  our  Church  by  an  excessive 
ritualism,  he  equally  feared  and  deplored 
that  widely-spread  laxity  and  latttudinari- 
anism  which  destroys  its  unity  by  treating 
creeds  and  formularies  as  things  indiffer- 
ent. He  felt,  indeed,  that  the  middle 
course  was  the  only  one  consistent  with 
wisdom  and  safety. 

In  every  social  and  domestic  relation  of 
life  he  has  left  a  bright  example.  Exem- 
plary in  the  performance  of  every  filial  and 
parental  obligation,  he  was  alike  distin- 
guished by  unsullied  honour  and  the  strict- 
est integrity  in  the  most  subordinate,  as 
well  as  the  most  important,  transactions 
in  which  he  was  engaged.  As  the  head  of 
a  large  establishment  he  was  esteemed  by 
every  person  in  his  employment,  for  the 
uniform  kindness  and  courtesy  displayed 
towards  them,  and  for  the  considerate 
feeling  exhibited  on  all  occasions  of  afflic- 
tion and  distress.  Full  of  intelligence, 
with  a  fine  retentive  memory,  his  conver- 
sation was  both  amusing  and  instructive, 
his  manners  were  polished  and  preposses- 
ing,  and  he  was  endowed  with  a  large 
measure  of  Christian  charity  for  the  tempt- 
ations and  failings  of  others.  But,  above 
all,  he  was  blessed  with  a  share  of  that 
wisdom  which  is  from  above,  with  the  sure 
and  steadfast  hope  of  the  Christian, — a  hope 
which  disarmed  death  of  its  terrors,  and 
lighted  up  the  dark  valley  through  which 
he  was  permitted  tranquilly  and  peacefully 
to  pass. 

Indisposition  in  the  summer,  but  not  of 
a  character  to  excite  alarm,  induced  him 
to  try  the  effects  of  a  change  of  scene  and 
air  by  visiting  his  son-in-law,  Mr.  John 
Deighton,  surgeon,  of  Cambridge.  Here 
a  general  and  premature  decay  of  the  sys- 
tem soon  developed  itself;  a  gradual  pros- 
tration of  physical  energy  rendered  it 
hazardous,  if  not  impossible,  to  remove 
him  home,  and  after  lying  several  weeks 
in  a  hopeless  but  comparatively  painless 
state,  surrounded  by  his  family,  he  peace- 
fully, and  almost  imperceptibly,  slept  the 
long  sleep  of  death. 

Mr.  Stevenson  became  a  widower  in 
1848.  He  has  left  three  children,  the 
Rev.  Seth  Wm.  Stevenson,  M.A.,  Mr. 
Henry  Stevenson,  and  Adelaide,  the  wife 
of  Mr.  John  Deighton  of  Cambridge. 

William  Maltbt,  Esa. 
Jan,  5.  At  the  house  of  the  Institution, 
in  the  close  of  his  Ninetieth  year,  William 
Maltby,  esq.  formerly  Principal  and  late 
Honorary  Librarian  of  The  London  In- 
stitution. 

He  was  the  youngest  of  the  ten  children 

2E 


210 


Obituary.— /awitf^  Gillkresty  MJ). 


[Feb. 


of  Mr.  Brough  Maltby,  a  wholesale-draper 
of  Mansion  House- street,  London,  where 
he  is  believed  to  have  been  bom  January 
nth,  1 763.  Though  he  was  thus  essentially 
a  citizen,  his  family  was  connected  by 
marriage  with  Seeker,  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, and  Tomline,  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, the  present  Bishop  of  Durham 
being  his  first  cousin.  Mr.  Maltby  was 
originally  educated  at  the  academy  of  the 
Rev.  James  Pickburn,  of  Grove-street, 
Hackney,  a  dissenting  minister,  and  author 
of  a  well-known  **  Dissertation  on  the 
English  Verb."  He  there  became  ac- 
quainted with  the  venerable  poet  Samuel 
Rogers,  who  was  about  six  months  his 
junior,  and  the  intimacy  thus  commenced 
between  them  at  the  age  of  nine  years,  con- 
tinued to  exist  unabated  and  uninterrupted 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  extended  life 
of  Mr.  Maltby,  in  the  closest  and  warmest 
intercourse. 

After  this  early  education,  Mr.  Maltby 
was  subsequently  entered  of  Gonville  and 
Caius  College,  Cambridge ;  and,  though  he 
quitted  it  without  taking  any  degree,  his 
University  residence  contributed  more  to 
extend  his  classical  tastes  and  literary  ac- 
quaintance than  to  fit  him  for  any  ordinary 
professional  pursuits.  He  engaged,  how- 
ever, in  the  study  of  the  law,  and  even 
practised  it  for  several  years  in  connection 
with  his  elder  brother,  Mr.  Rowland 
Maltby,  formerly  clerk  to  the  Fish- 
mongers^ Company.  He  was  also  entered 
of  Gray's-Inn,  and,  at  the  time  of  his  de- 
cease, he  was  almost  the  oldest  surviving 
member  of  both  those  Societies.  His  at- 
tachment to  literature,  however,  led  him 
to  resign  the  legal  profession,  and  he  was 
at  length  happily  provided  with  an  occu- 
pation completely  in  accordance  with  his 
tastes  by  his  appointment  at  The  London 
Institution. 

Mr.  Maltby  first  became  connected  with 
that  Establishment  on  the  decease  of  Pro- 
fessor Porson,  the  original  Principal  Libra- 
rian, whom  he  succeeded  Feb.  1st,  1809. 
In  the  earlier  years  of  his  appointment  he 
rendered  the  Library  the  most  valuable  and 
lasting  services,  by  carefully  examining  all 
the  best  catalogues  of  the  numerous  ex- 
cellent book-sales  which  were  continually 
occurring  about  that  period ;  from  which 
he  recommended  many  most  important 
aelections  to  the  Library-committee  of  the 
time,  and  he  also  attended  the  auctions  to 
secure  them.  For  these  occupations  he  was 
peculiarly  fitted  by  bis  extensive  acquaint- 
ance with  the  contents  of  books  ;  and  the 
result  of  his  exertions  was  the  addition  to 
tiie  library  of  many  valuable  works,  which 
would  probably  never  have  been  otherwise 
procured  for  it  at  all.  He  thus  led  to  the 
gradual  rearing  up  of  that  noble  biblio- 


graphical collection  which  the  Institution 
i^ow  possesses  ;  and  in  the  legitimate  im- 
provement of  the  Library,  and  the  exten- 
sion of  its  usefulness,  no  person  rejoiced 
more  sincerely  or  ardently  than  himself. 

In  the  discharge  of  the  other  duties  of 
his  o^ce,  he  must  always  be  remembefed 
as  a  friendly  and  excellent  adviser  pf  the 
younger  visitors  to  the  Library,  as  to  t)ip 
books  most  advantageous  for  them  to  read 
in  connection  with  their  particular  studies; 
and  many  of  them  have  no  doubt  grate- 
fully recollected  in  after-life  that  he  first 
introduced  them  to  the  best  words  of  the 
best  authors.  To  the  elder  visitors  Mr. 
Maltby  made  his  conversation  especially 
interesting  and  entertaining,  by  his  anec- 
dotes of  the  numerous  public  characters 
with  whom  he  had  been  intimately  associ- 
ated; and  also  by  an  extraordinary  me- 
mory, knowledge  of  books,  and  facility  of 
Quotation,  equadlv  from  Classical  and  £^g- 
bsh  literature,  which  he  retained  even  |p 
bis  very  latest  days. 

In  the  course  of  his  connection  with 
the  London  Institution,  Mr.  lyialtby  twice 
superintended  the  removal  of  the  Library, 
and  twice  directed  its  re-arrangement  t'^in 
1811  from  Sir  Robert  Clayton's  house  |p 
the  Old  Jewry  to  Kind's  Arms  Yard,  Co^(|- 
man  Street;  and,  in  1818,  to  the  present 
edifice  in  Finshury  Circus.  He  also  ma- 
terially assisted  in  the  compilation  of  i^p 
original  Catalogue,  as  well  as  in  the  fifst 
volume  of  the  present  series. 

On  the  re -modelling  of  the  appoint- 
ments in  the  Library  in  1834,  Mr.  Maltby 
was  superannuated  from  aU  duty;  but  for 
a  long  time  he  continued  regularly  to  fre- 
quent the  apartments,  and  to  couDse)  ai^d 
converse  as  usual.  His  departure  from  Ijfe 
was  apparently  quite  free  from  pain,  p^- 
fectly  tranquil,  like  an  approaching  sleep; 
the  mental  faculties  continuing  unimpaired 
to  the  last. 

His  remains  were  interred  in  the  family 
grave  of  his  nephew,  B.  G.  Maltby,  esq.  one 
of  his  executors,  at  the  Norwood  cemetery* 

James  Gillkbbbt,  M.D. 

Dec.  25.  In  Alban's  place,  James  Gill- 
krest,  M.D.  Inspector-General  of  Army 
Hospitals,  and  Corresponding  Member  of 
the  National  Academy  of  Medicine  of 
France. 

This  veteran  officer  entered  the  medical 
department  of  the  army  in  1801,  apd 
served  in  the  West  Indies  with  the  expedi- 
tion under  Sir  Thomas  Trigge.  ^s  Surgeon 
of  the  43d,  throughout  thePeninsnlar  war, 
he  was  present  with  the  Light  Division  at 
various  affairs  of  ontposts  and  minor  ac- 
tions, such  as  Sabugal  and  the  Coa  ;  be- 
sides the  battles  of  Yimiera,  Corunn^, 
Bosaco,  Fuentes  d'Onor,  SaUmanca,  Til- 


1854.]      Obituary.— Jlfon«ef*r  de  GerviUe,  Hoiu  F.S»A. 


211 


torift,  the  Pyrenees,  Nivelle,  Nire,  and 
Tonlonse,  the  siege  of  Ciadad  Rodrigo, 
and  storming  of  St.  Sebastian  (as  medical 
officer  to  the  volunteers  from  the  Light 
Division).  For  these  services  Dr.  Gillkrest 
received  a  medal  with  twelve  clasps. 

On  the  close  of  that  war  in  1814,  he 
embarked  with  his  regiment  for  America, 
and  served  in  the  affairs  which  terminated 
with  the  fmitless  assault  of  the  American 
intrenchments  below  New  Orleans.  In 
1815  his  regiment  rejoined  the  army  under 
the  Duke  on  the  advance  to  Paris.  In 
1827  he  accompanied  the  expedition  to 
Portugal  under  Sir  W.  Clinton.  In  1828 
he  served  in  Gibraltar  during  the  yellow 
fever  epidemic  of  that  year,  and  was 
shortly  after  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Deputy-Inspector,  and  placed  on  half-pay. 
In  Paris,  during  the  three  days  of  July, 
1830,  he  gave  the  benefit  of  his  mature 
experience  as  a  military  surgeon  to  the 
wounded  of  both  parties.  In  1832,  during 
the  prevalence  of  cholera  in  London,  he 
was  indefatigable  in  his  exertions  among 
the  poor,  and  in  a  series  of  letters  to  The 
THmes  gave  a  graphic  sketch  of  the  pro- 
gress of  that  epidemic.  In  1833  he  was 
recalled  to  active  service  as  principal 
medical  officer  at  Gibraltar,  where  his  ex« 
periencein  cholera  became  again  available 
during  its  prevalence  in  that  garrison  in 
1834.  A^r  an  arduous  and  eventful 
career  of  forty-one  years'  active  service,  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Inspector- 
General  of  Hospitals,  and  placed  on  the 
retired  list  in  December,  1846. 

Since  his  retirement  lie  presented  to  the 
French  Academy  of  Medicine  a  work  on 
yellow  fever,  which  called  forth  a  high 
eulogium  from  that  learned  body,  and  he 
contributed  to  the  General  Board  of  Health 
a  valuable  monograph  on  the  same  subject, 
published  in  the  board's  second  report  on 
quarantine.  On  various  occasions  Dr. 
Gillkrest  had  also  published  papers  on 
cholera  calculated  to  dispel  the  fears  of  the 
timid  when  called  upon,  in  the  exercise  of 
the  ordinary  duties  of  humanity,  to  assist 
patients  suffering  from  this  disease,  having 
convinced  himself  by  careful  observation 
that  panic  during  pestilence  is  scarcely 
less  disastrous  than  on  the  field  of  battle. 


Monsieur  de  Gervillb,  Hon.  F.S.A. 

July  26,  1853.  At  Valognes  in  Nor- 
mandy, aged  84,  Monsieur  de  Gerville, 
Member  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
Normandy,  Foreign  Member  of  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries  of  London,  &c. 

Charles-Alexis-Adrien  Duh^rissier  was 
born  at  Gerville  on  the  19th  September, 
1769.  His  father,  being  lord  of  the  manor 
of  that  parish,  assumed  the  name  of  that 
seigniory. 


He  commenced  his  scholastic  education 
in  the  college  of  Coutances  in  October, 
1776,  where  he  remained  nine  yean. 
Young  as  he  then  was,  he  signalised  him- 
self by  his  application,  by  a  love  for  the 
classic  authors,  and  by  a  quick  perception 
of  their  beauties  and  spirit.  Leaving  col- 
lege he  entered  the  University  of  Caen  for 
two  years,  and  then  returned  to  his  father*! 
roof,  where  he  divided  his  time  between 
the  study  of  languages,  gardening,  and 
other  country  amusements.  Here  he  im- 
bibed and  established  a  taste  for  botany, 
which  in  after  years  he  studied  as  a  scienc^ 
The  French  Revolution  put  a  sudden  stop 
to  these  peaceful  occupations,  and  the 
young  Duh^rissier  was  soon  doomed  to  bo 
a  wanderer  in  a  strange  land. 

When  the  Revolution  came  M.  de  Ger- 
ville decided  at  once  on  his  future  course. 
In  1792  he  set  out  for  Liege  and  enrolled 
himself  in  the  army  ef  the  Duo  de 
Bourbon.  At  the  close  of  that  year  he 
and  othei's  obtained  leave  of  absence,  on 
condition  of  rejoining  when  called  upon; 
an  eventuality  which  never  occurred.  In 
the  beginning  of  1793,  he  embarked  from 
Holland  and  landed  at  Harwich,  and,  ob 
foot,  proceeded  through  Colchester  and 
Chelmsford  to  London,  putting  up  at  the 
Black  Bull  in  Leadenhall  Street.  Ram- 
bling in  the  city  he  met  a  fellow  emigrant^ 
with  whom  he  had  become  acquainted  at 
Berncastel,  and  who  was  domiciled  in 
Spitalfields  as  a  silk-weaver  with  numerous 
other  emigrants.  With  him  he  lodged, 
and  there  daily  a  part  of  his  occupation 
was  to  translate  the  English  papers  to  hie 
fellow-countrymen.  In  the  spring  of  thif 
year,  M.  de  Gerville  was  enrolled  in  a 
corps  named  the  Loyal  Emigrant  Regiment, 
which  joined  the  disastrous  expedition 
under  the  Duke  of  York,  and  formed  part 
of  the  garrison  of  Menin  when  it  capitu- 
lated under  General  Hammerstein.  Sub- 
sequently this  corps  returned  to  England, 
and,  reinforced  with  four  English  regif 
roents,  was  embarked  under  Admiral 
Harvey  for  Quiberon.  The  futile  result  of 
this  expedition  is  well  known  :  the  troopi 
were  taken  to  Jersey,  and  ultimately  back 
to  England.  For  some  time  they  were 
quartered  at  Ryde  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
In  1796  we  find  M.  de  Gerville  at  Col- 
chester giving  instruction  to  pupils  hi 
Italian  and  Latin.  While  here  he  be- 
came acquainted  with  the  Rev.  John 
Hildyard,  who  resided  near  Hadleigh,  and, 
as  one  of  the  family,  when  he  removed  to 
Barton  -  upon  -  Humber,  M.  de  Gerville 
accompanied  him.  He  always  referred 
with  great  delight  to  this  period  of  hit 
life.  At  Barton  he  was  enabled  to  study 
his  favourite  science  of  botany  with  great 
advantage,  and  the  severity  of  exile  wtf 


212 


Obituary.— Z)r.  Fischer  de  Waldheim. 


[Feb. 


softened  by  a  welcome  admission  into  the 
best  society  of  the  neighbourhood;  and  he 
experienced  sach  kindness  and  attention 
from  all,  that  in  after  days  he  was  always 
proud  to  refer  to  the  hospitality  and  com- 
fort of  his  English  home.  One  of  his 
constant  amusements  while  at  Barton  was 
engrafting  roses  on  the  thorn  hedges.  -  He 
himself  states  that  he  budded  six  thousand 
in  the  gardens  and  hedges.  His  old  friend 
Mr.  Heselden  informs  us  that  in  1850  a 
full-blown  rose  was  taken  from  an  old 
hedge  near  Barton,  probably  the  last 
blossom  of  the  exile's  labours.  We  be- 
lieve we  are  correct  in  saying  that  one  of 
M.  de  Genrille's  pupils  is  Miss  Hildyard, 
who  is  or  was  governess  in  the  family  of 
Her  Majesty,  Queen  Victona. 

On  his  return  from  England  he  fixed  his 
abode  at  Gerville,  and  in  1811  removed  to 
Yalognes.  Here  he  incessantly  occupied 
himself  in  the  study  of  the  natural  sciences, 
of  history,  and  of  archaeology.  He  popu- 
larised the  study  of  botany  in  Normandy 
by  the  publication  of  a  catalogue  of  plants 
in  1827,  and  by  the  copious  notes  he  fur- 
nished to  M.  de  Brebisson  for  his  ^ore 
de  Normandie, 

M.  de  Gerville  did  still  more  for  geology 
than  for  botany.  It  is  to  him  that  the 
beds  of  Cotentin  owe  their  European  ce- 
lebrity. His  observations  on  their  forma- 
tions, on  their  relative  positions,  and  on 
the  fossil  remains  they  aflford,  have  been 
received  by  the  aavans  with  the  greatest 
interest;  and  some  of  the  most  eminent 
geologists  of  England  and  of  France  have 
visited  Normandy  to  study  on  the  spot  the 
phenomena  pointed  out  by  M.  de  Ger- 
ville. 

In  archaeology  he  has  not  less  distin- 
guished himself.  He  was  especially  de- 
voted to  the  examination  of  ancient  mo- 
nastic archives.  With  indefatigable  per- 
severance, he  searched  out  the  cbartularies 
of  the  religious  houses  of  Normandy,  and 
recovered  many  of  these  registers,  which 
the  disorders  of  the  Revolutions  bad  scat- 
tered here  and  there.  These  he  read, 
studied,  and  published  incessantly. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Normandy 
drew  great  credit  from  the  labours  of  M. 
de  Gerville,  and  many  of  his  communica- 
to  its  Mimoirea  are  elaborate  and  valuable. 
We  may  instance  : 

Recherches  sur  les  Abbayes  du  D^- 
partement  de  la  Manche. 

Notice  sur  les  Camps  Romains,  dont  on 
remarque  encore  les  Traces  dans  le  D^* 
partement  de  la  Manche. 

M^moire  sur  T^tat  des  Ports  de  Cher- 
bourg et  de  Barfleur,  pendant  le  moyen  &ge. 

Recherches  sur  le  Mont  Saint-Michel. 

M^moire  sur  les  Villes  et  Voies  Ro- 
maines  du  Cotentin. 


Recherches  sur  le  Hague-Dike  et  let 
premiers  Etablissements  Militaires  des 
Normands  sur  nos  c6t^s. 

Sur  les  Noms  de  Lieu  et  les  Noma 
d'Homme  en  Normandie. 

These  are  only  a  few  of  many  essays 
by  M.  de  Gerville  published  by  the  So- 
ciety. There  are  numerous  other  trea- 
tises ;  such  as, 

Monuments  Romains  d'Alleaurae. 

Recherches  sur  les  ties  du  Cotentin  et 
sur  la  mission  de  Saint  Magloire. 

Lettres  sur  le  Communication  entre  les 
deux  Bretagoes,  addresses  a  M.  Roach 
Smith. 

Lettres  k  M.  Defrance  sur  les  Fossiles 
du  D^partement  de  la  Manche,  etc. 

M.  de  Gerville  also  communicated  some 
papers  to  his  friend  Mr.  Roach  Smith, 
which  are  printed  in  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Archaeological  Association.  One  of 
these  is  entitled,  '*  Notes  on  Monastic  es- 
tates in  Hampshire  and  other  counties  in 
the  south  of  England,  from  Cbartularies 
in  Normandy." 

The  Academic  des  Itueriptiona  conferred 
on  him,  in  1833,  one  of  its  medals  and 
the  title  of  Correspondent.  In  the  same 
year  he  was  elected  an  Honorary  Fellow 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London. 
The  Antiquaries  of  the  North,  and  other 
foreign  bodies,  recognised  his  claims  by 
associating  him  as  foreign  member.  The 
decoration  of  the  Legion  d'Honneur  was 
oflfered  him,  but  political  convictions  com- 
pelled him  to  decline  this  flattering  dis- 
tinction. 

M.  de  Gerville  in  past  years  was  in 
constant  and  friendly  communication  with 
Mr.  Sowerby,  Mr.  Cotman,  Mr.  Wiffin, 
Mr.  Stapleton,  and  Mr.  Gage  Rokewode. 
After  the  death  of  Mr.  Rokewode  he  be- 
came acquainted  with  Mr.  Roach  Smith, 
and  a  friendship  of  rapid  growth  was  the 
result,  which  terminated  only  with  the 
death  of  M.  de  Gerville.  It  was  at  the 
request  of  Mr.  Roach  Smith  that  he  com- 
mitted to  writing  some  interesting  details 
of  his  early  life,  which  form  part  of  a 
**  Notice  sur  la  Vie  et  les  Ouvrages  de  M. 
de  Gerville,"  (Valognes,  1853),  by  M.  L^ 
pold  Delisle,  one  of  his  favourite  pupils, 
whose  successful  studies  in  medieval  ar- 
chaeology and  literature,  H  is  probable, 
received  considerable  impulse  from  the 
veteran  antiquary,  whom  M.  Delisle  grate- 
fully and  gracefiilly  calls  his  master. 


Dr.  Fischer  db  Waldhkim. 

Lately,  At  Moscow,  aged  82,  Dr. 
Fischer  de  Waldheim,  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  naturalists  of  Europe. 

With  the  exception  of  Baron  A.  Hum- 
boldt, he  was  the  last  of  the  glorioos  band 


1854.]  Herr  J.  C.F.  Schneider. -^Rw.  R.  Gillow.—Mrs.  Opie.      218 


ottavuns  who  began  to  appear  prominently 
on  the  scientific  scene  at  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century.  He  was  born  near 
Leipsic,  and  in  1797  went  to  Vienna  with 
Humboldt  to  practise  medicine,  but  ga?e 
himself  up  entirely  to  the  study  of  natural 
history,  and  especially  to  that  of  the  fishes 
of  the  Danube.  He  afterwards  made  a 
scientific  journey  through  Germany  and 
Switzerland,  and  then  went  to  Paris,  where 
he  aided  Cuvier  in  his  work  on  fossils. 
In  1804  he  accepted  the  situation  of  pro- 
fessor and  director  of  the  museum  at 
Moscow,  and  continued  to  occupy  this  to 
his  death.  He  founded  the  Imperial  So- 
ciety of  Naturalists  of  Moscow,  contributed 
largely  to  the  Russian  Annals  of  Natural 
History,  and  occupied  himself  most  in> 
defatigably  with  all  branches  of  his  be- 
loved science.  His  writings  are  numerous, 
and  amongst  them  is  a  curious  and  valuable 
topographical  history  of  the  Bible.  He 
was  a  member  of  more  than  eighty  learned 
societies,  and  was  knight  of  the  principal 
Russian  orders. 


commemorated  as  a  worthy  and  thoroughly- 
trained  artist  belonging  to  the  great  period 
of  German  music. 


Hbrr  J.  C.  F.  Schneider. 

Nov,  29.  At  Dessau,  aged  67)  Herr 
John  Christian  Frederick  Schneider,  for 
many  years  Chapelmaster  to  the  Duke  of 
Anhalt-Dessau. 

His  birthplace  was  the  neighbourhood 
of  Zittau,  where  music  was  a  good  deal 
cultivated  among  "  simple  folk  ^*  as  well  as 
professors — since  the  father  of  the  family, 
who  began  life  as  a  weaver,  is  said,  by  the 
force  of  perseverance,  to  have  gained  an 
appointment  of  organist  at  Watersdorf  and 
elsewhere,  and  to  have  himself  superin- 
tended the  education  of  his  boys.  The 
subject  of  this  notice  became  early  dis- 
tinguished from  among  "  the  many,'*  not 
merely  as  a  pianoforte  player,  but  as  a 
composer.  He  was  at  one  time  organist 
of  the  University  Church  at  Leipsic,  after- 
wards director  of  the  Opera  at  Leipsic, 
and,  later  still,  director  of  the  Royal  Opera 
House  at  Dresden. 

The  list  of  his  works  is  long,  and  in- 
cludes almost  every  form  of  musical  com- 
position, theatrical  writing  alone  excepted. 
His  oratorios,  which  have  taken  their  turn 
among  other  oratorios  of  the  second  class 
at  the  German  musical  festivals,  are  the 
works  by  which  he  is  best  known  in  Eng- 
land. Portions  of  his  Deluge  and  Last 
Judgment  were,  some  quarter  of  a  century 
ago,  introduced  at  our  oratorios.  The 
list,  besides,  contains  oratorios  entitled 
Paradise  Lost,  Pharaoh,  Christ  the  Master, 
Absalom,  Christ  the  Child,  Gideon,  Gethse- 
raaue  and  Golgotha — also  cantatas,  psalms, 
hymns,  and  other  service- music.  Alto- 
gether Herr  Frederick  Schneider  may  be 


Rev.  Richard  Gillow. 

Nov,  18.  In  Gillow-pl.  North  Shields^ 
aged  42,  the  Rev.  Richard  Gillow,  the 
officiating  Roman  Catholic  Priest  in  that 
town,  and  Canon  in  St.  Mary's  Cathedral 
in  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Mr.  Gillow  belonged  to  an  ancient. 
Roman  Catholic  family  in  Lancashire,  was 
educated  in  St.  Cuthbert*s  college,  Ushaw, 
and  ordained  in  Stoneyhurst,  in  1832.  He 
laboured  in  Stockport  until  1842,  when  he 
exchanged  to  North  Shields  to  assist  hii 
venerable  uncle,  who  was  at  the  head  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  mission  there  about 
thirty  years.  He  still  lives,  86  years  of 
age  and  blind. 

The  deceased  was  of  an  exceedingly  be« 
nevolent  and  humane  disposition,  and  was 
not  only  beloved  by  his  own  people,  but 
respected  by  persons  of  all  persuasions  in 
the  town  and  neighbourhood.  His  last 
illness  was  hastened  by  over-exertion 
during  the  prevalence  of  cholera  in  hii 
district. 

His  funeral  obsequies  were  performed 
with  all  the  solemn  pomp  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church.  The  body  had  lain  in 
the  chapel  two  days,  and  on  Sunday  morn- 
ing, Nov.  37,  Dr.  Hogarth,  Roman  Catho- 
lic Bishop  of  Hexham,  assisted  by  nearly 
all  the  clergy  of  his  diocese,  sung  a  solemn 
requiem  mass.  He  was  attended  by  the 
Revs.  Messrs.  Humble  and  Gibson,  dea- 
cons. Canons  Kenny,  from  Sunderland, 
Piatt,  from  Stella,  Smith,  from  Dumfries, 
and  Humble,  from  Newcastle,  and  the 
Vicar  and  General,  from  Durham.  The 
Rev.  F.  Beetham  officiated  as  master  of 
the  ceremonies.  Mr.  Fenton,  of  New- 
castle, and  several  choristers  from  St. 
Mary's,  assisted  in  the  chaunting.  After 
mass,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Brown,  of  St.  An- 
drew's, Newcastle,  ascended  the  pulpit, 
and  delivered  an  appropriate  discourse. 
The  Bishop  then  performed  the  usual 
funeral  services  by  Uie  side  of  the  coffin, 
when  a  procession  was  formed,  the  priests 
and  bishops  walking  before  the  coffin 
chaunting,  and  bearing  lighted  candles  in 
their  hands.  The  chief  mourner  was  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Gillow,  the  deceased's  uncle  ; 
and  the  scene  was  probably  such  as  has 
never  been  witnessed  in  North  Shields 
before.  The  body  was  interred  in  a  vault 
in  the  chapel-yard,  in  the  presence  of 
some  thousands  of  spectators. 


Mrs.  Opie. 
The  writer  of  the  Obituary  article  on 
Mrs.    Opie  in   the  last   Number  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  begs  to  add  a  few 


2l4 


Clergy  Deceased. 


[Feb. 


more  words  of  passing  notice  fontided  on 
a  short  biographical  sketch,  with  a  portrait 
of  Mrs.  Opie,  which  appeared  in  "  The 
Cabinet,  or  Monthly  Report  of  Polite  Lite- 
rature," vol.  I.  p.  S17f  published  in  1807. 

This  sketch  was  written,  as  the  present 
writer  understands,  by  the  lady  alluded  to 
in  the  notice, — Mrs.  John  Taylor  of  Nor- 
wich,— ^whose  name  there  can  be  no  object 
in  concealing,  as  it  was  borne  by  one  well 
known  and  highly  respected  in  life,  and 
deeply  honoured  in  death.  Mrs.  Taylor, 
whose  remarkable  powers  of  mind  were 
attested  by  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  Dr. 
Parr,  Mr.  Basil  Montague,  and  many  more, 
was  the  friend  of  Mrs.  Opie's  early  years, 
— one  to  whom  she  owed  very  much  of 
what  was  valuable  in  her  after-character. 

It  appeal^  by  the  sketch  in  "  The  Ca- 
binet/'that  Amelia's  mother  did  no^  die 
in  hei"  daughter's  infancy,  but  in  her  early 
youth.  "  Frequent  proofs,"  says  the 
sketch,  "  appeared  of  the  poetical  genius 
and  taste  of  Miss  Alderson,  before  the 
death  of  her  mother,  while  she  might  yet 
be  called  a  child.  Some  of  her  single  com- 
positions were  printed  separately  in  news- 
papers or  magazines,  or  in  a  periodical 
miscellany  called  The  Cabinet."* 

The  first  edition  of  the  "  Father  and 
Daughter,"  we  arc  further  told,  appeared 
soon  after  her  marriage. 

Mrs.  Opie's  first  musical  instructor  was 
Mr.  Michel  Sharp  of  Norwich;  but  in 
London  she  afterwards  received  many  les- 
sons from  Mr.  Biggs  and  other  masters. 

The  conclusion  of  "  The  Sketch  "  is  one 
which  will  not  fail  to  be  valued  by  those 
who  could  appreciate  the  perfectly  sincere, 
high  principled  character  of  the  writer. 
We  will  therefore  give  it  without  abridge- 
ment : — 

**'  Such  accomplishments  as  we  have  enu- 
merated form  merely  the  embellishments 
of  a  character,  and  sometimes,  through  the 
intoxication  of  vanity  and  the  delusions  of 
flattery,  greatly  lessen  its  intrinsic  value. 
Sometimes  they  cast  a  thin  veil  over  dis- 
^sitions  naturally  selfish  and  assuming, 
while  they  can  never  wholly  conceal  them. 

'*  In  Mrs.  Opie  they  bestow  additional 
charms  upon  a  heart  and  mind  distin- 
giiished  by  frankness,  probity,  and  the 
most  diffusive  kindness.  I  n  her  own  house, 
where  Mr.  Opie's  talents  drew  a  constant 
succession  of  the  learned,  the  gay,  and  the 
fashionable,  she  delighted  all  by  the  sweet- 
ness of  her  manners,  and  the  unstudied 
and  benevolent  politeness  with  which  she 
adapted  herself  to  the  taste  of  each  indi- 
vidual. 

**  Such  is  the  testimony  of  the  many  : 

*  A  previoni  series  of  th^  work  bearing 
the  above  name. 


let  the  few  bear  witness  to  those  sympa- 
thies which  make  the  happiness  of  her 
friends  her  own  ;  and  the  unremitting  ar- 
dour with  which  she  labours  to  remove 
the  miseries  that  come  within  her  know- 
ledge or  influence ;  they  are  confident  that 
in  the  hour  of  trial  f  her  conduct  will  prove 
that  the  qualities  and  propensities  which 
can  preserve  a  character  unspoiled  through 
the  brilliant  periods  of  life,  will  dignify 
and  support  it  in  those  seasons  when  feel- 
ings of  self-approbation  and  conscious  rec- 
titude are  of  more  value  than  the  applause 
of  millions." 


CLERGY  DECEASfeD. 

May  19.  At  Papinul  ChrUtchorch,  New  Zea- 
land, aged  50,  the  Rev.  George  Dunnage^  M.A. 
He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  George  Dunnage, 
esq.  of  the  Mall,  Hammersmith,  and  a  member  of 
Downing  college,  Cambridge,  U.A.  1828,  MJ\..1832. 

June  25.  In  Nottingham-place,  Marylebone, 
aged  62,  the  Yen.  Bei\jamin  Bailey^  D.D.  Arch- 
deacon of  Col  umbo.  In  1819  he  was  presented  to 
the  vicarage  of  Dallington,  in  tlie  county  of  North- 
ampton, by  Miss  Wrighte,  of  Sidmouth. 

June  27.  At  White  Koothing,  Essex,  aged  60, 
the  Kev.  Henry  Budd^  Uector  of  that  parish,  and 
for  31  years  chaplain  of  Bridewell  hospital,  Lon- 
don. Uc  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1798,  M.A.  1801 ;  and  was  presented  to 
White  Roothing  in  1808  by  Sir  T.  M.  Wilson,  Bart. 
Mr.  Budd  was  the  anthor  of,  A  Petition  to  the 
Legislature  on  Church  Reform,  witli  an  Address 
to  the  Ministers  and  Membcrii  of  the  Established 
Church,  1833;  and  of  a  work  on  Inficint  Baptism. 
— Since  Mr.  Budd's  death  news  has  arrived  of  the 
death  of  his  fonrth  son,  Edward- W^dron,  at  Mel- 
bourne, N.  S.  Wales,  on  the  12th  i/orcA,  aged  17. 

July  28.  At  Spanish  Town.  Jamaica,  aged  23, 
tlie  Rev.  Ilenry  Coates^  late  of  Worcester  college, 
Oxford. 

July  30.  At  Lynton,  Devonshire,  aged  83,  the 
Rev.  II.  II.  Hayes.  In  giving  an  account  of  the 
formation  of  the  librar>'  of  the  Bath  Institute  in 
1824,  Mr.  Hunter  says :  "  We  had  presents  of 
books  from  various  persons ;  and  here  honoorabks 
mention  ought  to  bo  made  of  the  Rev.  U.  U. 
Hayes,  of  Swainswick,  who  presented  to  the 
library  many  volumes  of  great  curiosity  and  value, 
and  made  a  deposit  of  others  for  the  use  of  the 
members."  (Connection  of  Bath  with  the  Litera- 
ture and  Science  of  England,  edit.  1853,  p.  15.) 

Auy.  1 .  Tlie  Rev.  lUchard  Bod,  Rector  of  Heet. 
Lincolnsnire,  to  which  benefice,  being  in  his  own 
patronage,  ho  was  instituted  in  1807. 

At  Calcutta,  the  Rev.  WUUam  Ord  Ruspinif 
M.A.  after  twenty-four  years*  service  as  a  chaplain 
of  the  Hon.  E.l.  Company.  He  was  of  Clare  hall, 
Cambridge,  B JV..  1826,  M.A.  1828  $  and  was  for- 
merly Curate  of  St.  James's,  Standard  hill,  Not- 
tingham. He  was  grandson  of  the  first  Chevalier 
Ru-^ini. 

Aug.  3.  At  the  parsonage,  Orillia,  Canada 
West,  aged  35,  the  Rev.  Oeorge  Bourn. 

Aug.b.  At  Courteenhall,  Northamptonshire, 
aged  89,  the  Rev.  Miles  Walker,  Head  Master  of 
tlie  Endowed  Grammar  School. 

Aug.  11.  At  Llanarth,  co.  Carm.  the  Rev. 
David  Evans,  B.D.  Vicar  of  that  parish  (1822). 
Perp.  Curate  of  Llan-y-chaeron  (1824),  and  of 
Dilhewyd  (1824). 

Aug.  22.  At  his  residence  in  Plymouth,  aged 
79,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Nod,  M.A.  for  fifty-five  years 
Rector  of  Kirkby  Malory,  co.  Leic.  to  which  church 


t  Mr.  Opie's  death  had  just  oocnrred. 


1834.] 


Clergy  Deceased. 


215 


he  was  presented  by  Thomas  Noel,  Lord  Viscount 
Wentworth,  in  1798. 

Aug.  25.  At  Prahran,  near  Melbourne,  Austra- 
lia, the  Rev.  TT.  /.  Hope,  M.A.  formerly  Head 
Master  of  the  Congregational  School,  Lewisham. 

Aug.  26.  At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  aged  82, 
the  Kev.  Ralph  Henry  Brandling^  M.A.  of  Gos- 
forth,  CO.  Nortlmmberland.  He  was  the  second 
son  of  Charles  Brandling,  esq.  M.P.  for  Newcastle, 
by  Elizabeth,  dau.  and  heir  of  John  Thompson, 
esq.  of  Shotton,  co.  Durham ;  and  succeeded  to 
the  representation  of  his  ancient  family  on  the 
death  of  his  brother  Charles  John  Branifling,  esq. 
sometime  M.P.  for  Northumberland,  in  1826.  He 
was  a  member  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1793,  M.A.  1796.  He  married  in  17%  Emma, 
fourth  dau.  of  Oldfleld  Bowles,  esq.  of  North 
Aston,  in  Oxfordshire;  and  had  issue  one  son 
Charles  John  Brandling,  esq.  who  married  Hen- 
rietta, youngest  dau.  of  Sir  George  Armitage, 
Cart,  of  Kirklees,  and  has  issue ;  and  three  daugh- 
ters, Elizabeth,  married  to  tlie  late  Col.  Sir  Tho- 
mas Henry  Browne,  of  Bronwyllia,  co.  Hint; 
Emma;  and  Mary,  married  to  her  cousin  Capt. 
Charles  BeU,  It.N. 

Sept.  4.  At  Rickmanswortli,  Herts,  aged  79, 
the  Rev,  Edicai-d  Ilodgson^  Vicar  of  that  pari.sh, 
and  Rector  of  Laindon,  Essex.  He  was  formerly 
Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  college.  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1797,  as  16Ui  Wrangler,  M.A.  1800;  was  col- 
lated to  Laindon  in  1803  by  Dr.  Porteus,  then 
Bishop  of  London,  and  to  Rickmansworth  In  1805 
by  the  same  patron. 

Sfj>t.  5.  At  Blankney,  Line,  aged  86,  the  Rev. 
Edtcard  Chaplin,  Rector  of  that  parish,  and  Vicar 
of  Norwell,  Notts.  He  was  of  Trinity  college, 
Cambridge.  B.A.  1793,  M.A.  1796;  was  presented 
to  Norwell  in  1797  by  the  Collegiate  Church  of 
Southwell,  and  to  Blankney  in  1800. 

Sept.  6.  At  Vevay,  Switzerhind,  aged  65,  the 
Rev.  EdMord  Barke,  Rector  of  Worlingworth,  Suf- 
folk (1815). 

S'^t.  15.  The  Rev.  Samuel  Rovce,  Vicar  of  Cre- 
diton,  and  Perp.  Curate  of  Posbury  St.  Luke,  De- 
vonshire. He  was  of  Jesus  college,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1826,  M.A.  1833.  He  was  elected  Vicar  of  Cre- 
dlton  by  the  twelve  governors  of  that  church  in 
1837,  and  presented  at  the  same  time  to  Posbury 
by  J.  H.  Uippesley,  esq.  He  was  deeply  devoted 
to  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  and  his  ministerial 
services  were  highly  appreciated  by  his  flock.  He 
devoted  much  attention  to  advocating  and  pro- 
moting foreign  missions.  His  funeral  was  at- 
tended by  about  fifty  of  the  neighbouring  clergy. 
He  has  left  a  widow  and  six  children. 

Sept.  28.  Aged  75,  the  Rev.  WOUam  Jocelyn 
Palmer,  Rector  of  Finraere  and  of  Mixbury,  Ox- 
fordshire. He  was  of  Brasenose  college,  Ojdbrd, 
B.A.  1799,  M.A.  1802,  B.D.  1811.  Ho  was  pre- 
sented to  Mixbury  by  the  Bishop  of  Rochester,  in 
1802,  and  to  Finmere  m  1814  by  the  Duke  of 
Buckiuf^ham.  He  was  the  oldest  beneficed  cler- 
gyman m  the  diocese  of  Oxford.  He  married  in 
IHIO  Dorothea-Richardson,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Roundel],  of  Gledstone,  co.  York ;  and  had 
issue  five  sons— 1.  the  Rev.  William  Palmer,  Fel- 
low of  Magdalen  collie.  Oxford ;  2.  Roundell 
Palmer,  esq.  Q.C.  and  M.P.  for  Plymouth,  late 
lellow  of  the  same  college ;  3.  Henry ;  4.  George- 
Ilorsley ;  5.  Edwin ;  and  several  daughters. 

Oct.  8.  The  Rev.  George  AuquMus  Browne, 
Chaplain  of  Magdalene  college,  Oxford,  and  Chap- 
lain to  the  Oxford  City  and  County  gaols.  He  was 
of  All  Souls'  college,  B.A.  1829,  M.A.  1831. 

At  Rcigate,  aged  32,  the  Rev.  Edward  Waring 
OAireU,  of  Christchurch,  Oxford,  B.A.  1843,  M.A. 
184.). 

Oct.  9.  At  DruracoUogher,  the  Rev.  John 
Brvwne,  Vicar  of  KUlaliathan,  and  Private  Chap- 
lain to  the  Earl  of  Clare  and  Lord  Muskerry. 

At  his  father's,  aged  26,  the  Rev.  George 
Sejctus  WiUii,  Curate  of  St.  Saviour's,  Chelsea,  Uto 
of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  and  late  Head 
Master  of  the  Proteetaot  College,  Malta.    He  was 


the   fifth   son  of  M.  Willis,   esq.  of  Newbury, 
Berlcs. 

Oct.  14.  At  North  Huish,  co.  Devon,  aged  40,  the 
Rev.  John  Allen,  Rector  of  that  parish,  and  Master 
of  St.  Mary  Magdalene's  Hospit&l,  Bath.  He  has 
left  a  widow  and  six  children. 

Oct.  17.  At  Gratwlch,  Staffordshire,  aged  53, 
the  Rev.  Thomas  PotceU  Brourne,  B.A.  Rector  of 
that  pari.sh  and  Perpetual  Curate  of  Kingston,  to 
both  of  which  he  was  presented  by  Earl  Talbot  In 
1828.  He  was  of  St.  Edmund's  hall,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1823. 

Oct.  18.  At  SunningMell,  Berks,  aged  68,  the 
Kev.  Uenry  Boiryer,  Rector  of  that  parish  (1819). 
He  was  the  tliird  [son  of  the  late  Admiral  Sir 
George  Bowyer,  Bart,  by  his  second  wife  Hen- 
rietta, only  dau.  and  heir  of  Sir  Piercy  Brett,  Knt. 
M.P.  He  was  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  B.A.  18(J9. 

At  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  aged  68,  the  Rev. 
Andrews  Norton. 

Aged  70,  the  Rev.  Charles  PhUipps,  Vicar  of 
Pembroke,  Treasurer  and  a  Canon  of  St.  David's. 
He  was  of  Jesus  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1805,  M.i^. 
1807,  B.D.  1815;  was  pre.sented  to  the  Perpetual 
Curacy  of  Llanginning,  co.  Carm.  1808,  to  the 
vicarage  of  Pembroke  1809,  and  to  that  of  St. 
IVinnels,  co.  Pemb.  1837. 

Oct.  19.  At  Bath,  the  Rev.  John  Abraham  BO', 
herts.  Rector  of  St.  Alban's,  Wood-street,  London 
( 1 833) .  He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  K ing's  college, 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1820,  M.A.  1823. 

Oct.  24.  At  the  house  of  his  father  John  Black- 
all,  M.D.  Exeter,  the  Rev.  Uenry  BtackaU,  M.A. 
Vicar  of  South  Littleton,  Worcestershire  (1845). 
He  was  a  Student  of  Christ  CJhurch,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1832, M.A. 1835. 

At  Batli,  in  his  72d  year,  tlie  Rev.  Leuia  Bower* 
hank,  Curate  of  Duntsbourne  Rouse,  Glouc.  late 
Rector  of  St.  Catharine's,  Jamaica.  He  was  of 
Trinity  college,  Camb.  B.A.  1804,  M.A.  1823.  He 
was  brother  to  the  Rev.  T.  F.  Bowerbank,  Vicar  of 
Chiswick,  Middlesex. 

Oct.  28.  At  his  residence,  Duncannon  Fort, 
aged  81,  the  Rev.  John  Lymhery,  Chaplain  to  the 
garrison,  and  Vicai*  of  Kilbarry-meaden,  dioc. 
Lismore. 

At  Norwich,  aged  73,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Pitman, 
of  Oulton  hall,  near  Aylsliam,  for  many  years  a 
magistrate  and  Deputy-Lieutenant  of  Norfolk. 
He  was  of  Christ's  college,  Camb.  B.A.  1803,  as 
fourth  Junior  Optime,  M.A.  1806. 

In  St.  Jamcs's-square,  London,  the  Rev.  WUlicm 
Kaye  Reeve,  Senior  Fellow  of  Clare  hall,  Camb. 
He  was  the  second  son  of  the  late  William  Reeve, 
esq.  of  Lcadenham,  co.  Lincoln.  He  graduated 
B.A.  1807,  as  third  Junior  Optime,  M.A.  1810. 

Oct.  29.  At  Enniscorthy,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Cranfidd,  for  fifty-five  years  Curate  and  Rector  of 
Templescobin.  He  was  the  author  of  a  Harmony 
of  the  Gospels,  and  has  left  other  learned  works 
in  manuscript. 

Oct.  30.  At  Darreen,co.  Cork,  the  seat  of  his 
brother-in-law  William  Crooke,  esq.  the  Rev. 
Robert  Warren  Qihbs,  youngest  and  last  surviving 
son  of  tlie  late  Daniel  Gibbs,  esq.  of  Derry,  co. 
Cork,  and  grandson  of  the  late  Sir  Robert  Warren, 
Bart. 

Oct.  31 .  In  Pimlico,  aged  44 ,  the  Hon.  and  Rev, 
James  Norton,  of  Annesley  Park,  Chertsey ;  Pot- 
nells,  Vhrginia  Water;  and  Vatchery,  Cranleyi 
brother  to  Lord  Grantley.  He  was  the  fourth  and 
youngest  son  of  the  Hon.  Fletcher  Norton,  Baron 
of  the  Exchequer  in  Scotland  (second  son  of  the 
first  Lord  Grantley,)  by  Caroline  Elizabeth,  only 
daughter  of  James  Balmain,  esq. ;  and  he  ranked 
as  the  son  of  a  Baron,  by  warrant  of  precedence, 
dated  15  Nov.  1831.  He  was  of  University  college, 
Oxford,  B.A.  1831,  M.A.  1835.  He  married  In 
1838  IsabelU,  only  child  of  Tliomas  Lowndes,  esq. 
of  Barrington  hall,  Essex ;  and  by  that  lady,  who 
survives  him,  has  left  issue. 

At  Spalding,  aged  24,  the  Rev.  WiBiam  Taylor 
WiMnson,  Curate  of  St.  Peter's  Eastgate,  Lincoln* 
He  was  of  Lincoln  college,  Oxford,  B  Jk.  1850. 


216 


Clergy  Deceased. 


[Feb. 


Laidy.  The  Rev.  John  McAthevus^  Vicar  of 
Shrewton  (1823)  and  of  Stapleton  (1806),  Wilts. 

At  Sunny  Bank,  aged  49,  the  Rev.  Jchn  WH- 
UamSf  Vicar  of  Llowes,  co.  Radnor. 

Nov.  2.  Suddenly  at  the  Railway  station,  Co- 
ventry, the  Walter  H.  Bury^  brother  to  Mr.  Bury, 
surgeon,  of  that  city. 

Aged  55,  the  Rev.  Archibald  IlamiUon  Duthie^ 
Rector  of  Deal,  Kent  (1846).  He  was  of  Trinity 
college,  Camb.  B.A.  1822,  M.A.  1825. 

Nov.  3.  At  Brighton,  aged  25,  the  Rev.  Edtcin 
Henry  Beck,  late  Curate  of  East  Clilltington,  Sus- 
sex ;  son  of  Mr.  Edward  Beck  of  Lambeth,  sur- 
geon. 

At  Ninfleld,  Sussex,  aged  63,  the  Rev.  John 
PhiUipSt  Vicar  of  that  parish,  to  which  lie  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Canterbury 
In  1832. 

Nov.  6.  At  Ballyrashane,  aged  64,  the  Rev. 
Thonuu  Cupples,  pector  of  that  parish. 

Nov.  7.  At  Little  Plurastead,  Norfolk,  aged  62, 
the  Rev.  Charles  Penrice,  Rector  of  that  parish, 
and  Vicar  of  Neatishead,  in  the  same  county.  He 
was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1813, 
M.A.  1816.  He  was  instituted  to  Little  Plumstead, 
which  was  in  his  own  patronage,  in  1821  ;  and 
subsequently  collated  to  Neatishead  by  the  Bishop 
of  Norwich. 

Nov.  8.  Aged  81,  the  Rev.  John  Jlaydon  Carden, 
Rector  of  Curry  Malet,  Sora.  (1797),  and  of  Sal- 
combo  Regis,  Devon  (1813).  He  was  the  eldest 
son  of  the  Rev.  Cornelius  Carden,  D.D.  of  St. 
Ermo,  Cornwall ;  and  was  formerly  Fellow  of 
Exeter  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1794,  M.A.  1797, 
B.D.  1813. 

Nov.  11.  At  Poulton  le  Sands,  Lancashire,  the 
Rev.  John  StoaiMon^  Rector  of  Eppcrstone,  Notts, 
to  which  he  was  presented  by  Holme's  trustees 
in  1849. 

Nov.  16.  At  Mount  Bnres,  Essex,  aged  61,  the 
Rev.  John  Brett,  Rector  of  that  parish.  He  was  of 
Queen's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1803,  as  first 
Senior  Optlme,  M.A.  1811  ;  and  was  instituted  to 
his  living,  which  was  in  his  own  patronage,  in 
1818. 

Nov.  18.  In  King's  Bench  Walk,  Temple,  aged 
69,  the  Rev.  John  Bassett  Campbell,  also  of  Lans- 
downe  Villa,  Finchley  New  Uoad,  Senior  Fellow  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  and  formerly  Usher  of 
Westminster  School.  He  was  admitted  into  St. 
Peter's  college,  Westminster,  in  1794,  and  thence 
elected  to  lYinity  college,  in  1798,  when  he  was 
captain  of  the  school.  He  graduated  B.A.  1802  as 
fifth  Senior  Optime,  M.A.  1805.  He  was  an  usher 
at  Westminster  from  1805  to  1818.  Latterly  he  had 
resided  in  the  utmost  seclusion. 

The  Rev.  Gri^h  Owen,  Ymwlch,  Rector  of  Dol- 
bonmaen  and  Penmorfa,  (in  the  patronage  of  the 
Bishop  of  Bangor,)  and  Rural  Dean  of  Eivonydd. 

Nov.  19.  At  Antwerp,  aged  84,  tlic  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Palmer,  for  fifty-three  years  Vicar  of  Yar- 
combo,  Devon.  He  was  of  Baliol  college,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1791,  M.A.  1794,  B.  &  D.D.  1812.  He  was 
presented  to  his  living,  which  is  of  the  value  of 
650/.  per  ann.,  by  the  Crown  in  1800. 

Nov.  21.  At  Scarborough,  aged  70,  the  Rev. 
Francis  Lundy,  Rector  of  Lockington,  and  Perp. 
Curate  of  Kilnwick-on-the- Wolds ;  to  botli  of 
which  he  was  instituted  in  1817,  the  former  being 
in  his  own  patronage. 

At  the  residence  of  his  father,  in  Pimlico,  the 
the  Rev.  James  Mantle  Pratt,  Incumbent  of  St. 
Paul's,  Derby  (1844).  He  was  of  St.  John's  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  B.A.  1842,  M.A.  1845. 

Nov.  22.  At  Sidmouth,  aged  74,  the  Rev.  Nea- 
ton  Dickinson  Hand  Newton,  Vicar  of  Bredwardine, 
and  Rector  of  Brobury,  Ileref.  to  both  which  bene- 
fices, being  In  his  own  patronage,  he  was  instituted 
in  1829.  He  was  of  St.  Mary  hall,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1806.  He  has  left  two  sons,  the  Rev.  William 
Newton,  Rector  of  New  Radnor,  and  Charles 
Newton,  esq.  late  of  the  British  Museum,  now 
Vice-Consnl  at  Mitylene ;  and  also  two  daughters, 
both  unmanled. 

13 


Nov.  25.  At  Brighton,  aged  69,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Simpson,  Rector  of  Little  Horsted,  Sussex.  He 
was  of  St.  Mary  hall,  Oxford,  B.A.  1809,  M.A. 
1812 ;  and  was  instituted  to  his  living,  which  was 
in  his  own  patronage,  in  1830.  His  body  was  con- 
veyed to  Little  Horsted  for  interment. 

Nov.  27.  At  Edermlne,  co.  Wexford,  aged  61, 
the  Rev.  Plunket  Preston,  for  21  years  Rector  of 
that  parish. 

Nov.  28.  In  London,  aged  87,  the  Rev.  John 
Septimus  Orover,  Fellow  and  late  Vice-Provost  of 
Eton  college,  and  Rector  of  Famham  Royal,  Bucks. 
He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  King's  college,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1791,  M.A.  1798;  was  elected  a  Fel- 
low of  Eton  on  the  9th  Feb.  1814,  and  presented 
by  the  College  to  the  rectory  of  Famham  in  1817. 
In  private  life  Mr.  Grover  was  as  amiable  and 
kind-hearted  a  man  as  ever  lived,  utterly  incapa- 
ble of  doing  an  unkind  or  unhandsome  action.  In 
theology  he  was  essentially  one  of  the  old  school — 
a  clergyman  of  the  last  century.  In  his  youth  he 
was  remarkably  fond  of  athletic  sports,  in  which 
he  joined  with  great  zest,  and  in  later  years  few 
men  looked  with  keener  interest  upon  a  well- 
played  match  at  cricket.  About  a  year  and  a  half 
ago,  in  cx)nsequence  of  increasing  years  and  infir- 
mities, he  was  compelled  to  resign  the  office  of 
Vice-Provost,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bethell  was  ap- 
pointed in  his  stead. 

Nov.  29.  In  Ireland,  the  Rev.  Gorges  Marcus 
D'Arcy  Irvine,  LL.D. 

Nov.  30.  At  Cork,  aged  47,  the  Rev.  Otway 
John  Herbert.  Minister  of  St.  Luke's  in  that  city, 
and  chaplain  to  the  garrison. 

At  Cottered,  Herts,  the  Rev.  John  Walker, 
Rector  of  that  place,  and  Vicar  of  Wethersfield, 
Essex.  He  was  formerly  of  St.  Peter's  college, 
Cambridge,  and  graduated  B.A.  1797,  as  q^th 
Wrangler,  M.A.  1800 ;  and  afterwards  became  a 
Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Trinity  hall.  He  was  pre- 
sented to  Cottered  in  1806  by  R.  F.  Forester,  esq. 
and  to  Wethersfield  in  1814  by  Trinity  hall. 

■  Dec.  2.  At  Fethard,  co.  Tipperary,  aged  26,  the 
Rev.  Isaiah  Breakey. 

At  Fennor  glebe,  co.  Tipperary,  the  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Edward  Lloyd,  Rector  of  Fennor. 

Dec.  3.  At  Little  Tey,  Essex,  aged  83,  the  Rev. 
George  Paufson,  Rector  of  that  parish  (1805).  Ho 
was  of  St.  Peter's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1794. 
Dec.  5.  At  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  in  his  74th 
year,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Barnes,  Vicar  of  that  parish. 
He  was  born  at  Curthwaite  hall,  in  Cumberland, 
educated  at  St.  Bee's,  el(K:tcd  Master  of  the  Gram- 
mar School  at  Berwick  in  1801,  and  presented  to 
that  vicarage  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Dur- 
ham in  1805.  At  Michaelmas  1815  he  was  chosen 
mayor  of  the  borough,  and  he  held  the  ofllce  of 
alderman  and  justice  of  Uie  peace  for  twenty  years, 
until  the  Municipal  Reform  Act  introduced  a  new 
order  of  things  in  1835.  In  Oct.  1844  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  Justice  of  the  peace  for  North  Durham 
and  Northumberland,  in  all  these  capacities  Mr. 
Barnes  distinguished  himself  by  an  assiduons  at- 
tention to  his  duties. 

Dec.  7.  The  Rev.  Edmund  Smyth,  Vicar  of 
North  Elkington,  Line.  (1823)  and  of  East  Had- 
don,  CO.  Normampton  (1830),  and  a  Rural  Dean. 
He  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A. 
1822, M.A.  1825. 

Dee.  9.  At  Aldford,  Cheshire,  aged  59,  the  Rev. 
Francis  Brandt,  Rector  of  that  parish  (1814).  and 
Dom.  Chaplain  to  the  Marquess  of  Westminster. 
He  was  of  Brasenose  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1815, 
M.A. 1818. 

At  Liverpool,  aged  47,  the  Rev.  Thonuu  ffalton. 
Curate  of  St.  Peter's.  He  was  of  Brasenose  col- 
lege, Oxford,  B.A.  1830,  M.A.  1832. 

At  St.  Heller's,  Jersey,  aged  69,  the  Rev. 
G0)rffe  Burgeu  WUdig,  Rector  of  Norton-in-the- 
Moors,  Staffordshire,  to  which  church  he  was  in- 
stituted in  182G,  it  being  in  his  own  patronage. 
He  was  of  Caius  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1815, 
as  sixth  Senior  Optime,  M.A.  1818. 
Dh.  12.    At  Instow,  Deronahire,  aged  66,  the 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


217 


Rev.  Arthur  Johnson  DcuUdly  late  of  Rampisham 
Manor,  Dorset,  and  Hampton  Honae,  Devon. 

Dee.  13.  At  Bath,  aged  61,  the  Rev.  Owrgt 
Bjfthesea,  late  Rector  of  Freshford,  Somerset,  to 
which  he  was  instituted  on  his  own  presentation 
in  1818. 

Dec.  22.  Aged  31 ,  the  Rev.  Henry  Bayer,  Rector 
of  St.  Athan,  Glamorganshire. 

Dec.  24.  At  Eastry,  Kent,  the  Rev.  Ralph 
Drake  Backhouse,  Vicar  of  Eastry  with  Worth,  and 
a  Rural  Dean. 


DEATHS, 

▲RRANOBD  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER. 

June  20.  In  New  South  Wales,  Frances- Ann, 
wife  of  Mr.  James  Burfltt,  and  niece  of  the  late 
Rev.  James  Ingram,  D.C.L.  l*resident  of  Trinity 
college,  Oxford,  leaving  seven  children. 

July  26.  Aged  34,  Thomson,  only  son  of  the 
Hon.  Thomson  Vanneck,  cousin  to  the  present 
Lord  Huntingfleld,  of  Heveningham  Hall,  Suf- 
folk, and  Aide-de-camp  to  the  late  Lord  Syden- 
ham, Gov.-Gen.  of  Canada.  He  married  in  1841 
Catharine  Anne,  dan.  of  J.  Torrance,  esq. 

Aug.  28.  At  Hobart  Town,  Van  Diemen's  Land, 
Archibald  Shanks,  Deputy  Inspector-gen.  of  Army 
Hospitals,  and  principal  medical  officer  in  the 
colony. 

Aug.  31 .  At  Bendigo,  Australia,  aged  30,  Edw. 
Pryer  Round,  youngest  son  of  tlie  late  W.  N. 
Round,  esq.  of  the  Old  Kent-road. 

Sept.  16.  At  Adelaide,  aged  32,  Mary,  wifb  of 
Nathaniel  Oldham,  esq.  manager  of  the  Union 
Bank  of  Australia. 

Sept.  29.  At  Melbourne,  Victoria,  aged  44, 
Alexander  Wilson,  esq.  of  the  firm  of  Alexander 
Wilson,  Nephew,  and  Co.,  of  that  city,  formerly  of 
Milk-st.  Cheapside. 

Oct.  4.  Lieut.-Col.  Cosby  Lewis  Nesbitt,  60th 
Rifles,  in  the  command  of  British  Cafflrarla. 
When  on  a  tour  of  inspection  in  attempting  to 
cross  the  river  Keiskamma,  he  was  carried  away 
by  the  stream. 

Oct.  6.  At  Windsor,  near  Sydney,  New  South 
Wales,  Catherine-Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  David 
Roxburgh,  esq.  of  Blomfleld-road,  Maida-hill. 

Oct.  11.  At  Moscow,  Peter  Sosnowsky,  aged 
122  years,  one  month,  and  25  days. 

Oct.  24.  At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  George 
Melville  Swlnton,  esq.  of  the  Madras  Civil  Service, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Samuel  Svirinton,  esq.  of 
Swinton.    He  was  appointed  a  writer  in  1831.    ' 

Oct.  26.  At  Dinapore,  from  an  accident  while 
bathing,  aged  24,  HenrV  William  Day,  esq.  13th 
Bengal  N.I.  sixth  son  ofthe  late  Charles  Day,  esq. 
of  Southampton. 

Oct.  28.  At  Madras,  aged  47,  Lieut.-Col.  Robert 
Gordon,  Adj. -Gen.  fourth  son  of  the  late  Colonel 
Gordon,  29th  Dragoons. 

Nov.  2.  At  Peterborough,  West  Canada,  Charles 
Thomson  Bayley,  esq.  only  surviving  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  Henry  Bayley,  of  Tansor,  Northampton- 
!«hire,  and  of  the  late  Mrs.  Anderton,  of  New 
Brid(;e-st.  Blackfriars. 

Nov.  5.  At  Landour,  India,  Lieut.-Col.  Brad- 
.^haw  York  Reilly,  Boigal  Eng.  He  was  present 
at  the  taking  of  Bhurtpore  and  Gwalior,  the  battle 
of  Sobraon,  and  the  campaigns  in  the  north  of 
India. 

Nov.  9.  At  Fernando  Po,  Charles  Saycr  Hugo, 
surgeon  of  H.M.  steam-sloop  Alecto,  brother  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  Senior  Curate  of  St.  Bo- 
tolph,  Bishopsgate. 

At  Valparaiso,  George  Maughan.esq.  chief  Eng. 
of  the  Santiago  and  Valparaiso  Railway,  son  of  W. 
K.  Maughan,  esq.  of  Hackney. 

Nov.  10.  At  Madra.H,  Wm.  Touch,  esq.  Lieut. 
2d  M.N.I.  Assistant- Adj. -Gen.  of  the  army. 

Nov.  II.  At  Adairville,  Kentucky,  aged  28, 
Kingsmill  Henry  Drury,  second  surviving  son  of 
the  late  Capt.  C.  J.  Cheshyre  Drury,  32d  Regt. 

Nov.  13.    In  Cork,  aged  74,  Miss  Louisa  Moore, 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLl. 


fifth  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  and  Rev.  Rol>ert  Moore, 
of  Moore-hlll,  co.  Waterford,  and  granddanghter 
of  the  first  Viscount  Mount  Cashell. 

Nov.  19.  In  Jamaica,  Lieut  George  Bloomfldd 
Garvey,  R.A.  eldest  son  of  George  Garvey,  esq.  of 
Thomvale,  King's  County. 

Aged  99,  T.  Gray,  of  Morton,  near  Bourne,  oo. 
Lincoln,  cottager. 

At  Shepton  Mallet,  at  an  advanced  age,  Maria, 
last  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Charles  Hyde  Hyde, 
esq.  of  Hyde-end,  Berkshire. 

Nov.  21.  At  Stratford-upon-Avon,  aged  67, 
Mary  Margaret  Faulkner,  dau.  of  the  late  Beqja- 
min  Faulkner,  esq.  of  Little  Chelsea. 

Nov.  23.  Aged  67,  Mary,  relict  of  Robert  K»- 
nyon,  esq.  ofthe  Strand. 

Nov.  25.  At  Stableford,  Frances,  relict  of  Capt. 
T.  Smith,  82d  Regt.  tMrd  dan.  of  the  late  John 
Jasper,  esq. 

Nov.  27.  At  Grove-end-road,  St.  John*8-wood, 
aged  48,  Johannah,  widow  of  J.  P.  Ralph,  esq.  for- 
merly of  Euston-sq.  and  Gibraltar. 

Nov.  28.  At  Union-pl.  New-road,  Capt  John 
Bradshaw,  G.S.  formerly  of  Fotheringhay. 

At  Highworth,  aged  71,  James  Crowdy,  esq. 
J.P.  for  Wilts  and  Gloucester,  and  a  Deputy-Lient. 
of  the  former  county. 

At  Cheltenham,  Bfr.  Lancelot  Dent,  head  of  the 
eminent  house  in  China  which  bore  his  name. 
He  was  the  type  of  a  true  English  merchant,  and 
leaves  behind  him  property  to  the  amount  of 
500,0001. 

In  York-8t.  Westminster,  aged  59,  Robert  Ham- 
mond, esq. 

Nov.  29.  Major  James  Cruickshank,  of  Park- 
hurst,  Bexley,  late  of  the  Bombay  army,  flrom 
which  he  retired  in  1831. 

At  Funchal,  Madeira,  aged  26,  Louisa,  wifs  of 
George  Charles  Dolbiac,  esq.  late  of  the  4th 
(Queen's  Own)  Light  Dragoons. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  78,  Mary-Ann,  relict  of 
Henry  Tollner,  esq. 

Nov.  30.  At  Liverpool,  aged  74,  Thomas  Bnl- 
ley,  esq. 

At  Marian's,  Elstree,  Herts,  aged  78,  Alexander 
Way  Mason,  esq.  formerly  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany's Home  Establishment. 

At  Lee,  Blackheath,  Mary-Nccrasoff,  wife  of 
George  H.  Penney,  esq. 

At  Leckhampstead,  Bucks,  Sarah,  relict  of  J. 
Sutcliffe,  esq.  Dawley  Gap,  near  Bingley,  Yorkah. 

Dec.  I.  At  Brixton,  aged  79,  William  Edward 
King,  esq.  late  of  Pall  Mall. 

At  Kingston,  Canada,  Lieut.  Wilmot  H.  Moody, 
Royal  Art.  seventh  and  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Col.  Thomas  Moody,  Royal  Eng. 

At  Guernsey,  aged  61,  Capt.  H.  S.  Price,  R.N. 
late  of  Pentewan,  near  St.  Austell. 

At  Wappenham,  co.  Northampton,  aged  68,  En- 
phemia,  widow  of  Rev.  Thomas  Scott,  for  many 
years  Perp.  Curate  of  Gawcott,  and  afterwards 
Rector  of  Wappenham. 

Dec.  2.  In  Mortimer-st.  Cavendish-sq.  aged  65 
Mrs.  Blagrove. 

Dec.  3.  At  Frome,  aged  62,  William  Hamwood 
Frampton,  esq.  late  of  Gray's-inn,  last  surviving 
son  of  the  late  Jame.i  Frampton,  esq.  of  Frome. 

At  Northstoke,  Oxfordsh.  aged  73,  Harriet  Gib- 
bon.s  Longden,  niece  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  Long- 
den,  Rector  of  Rockboum-cum-Whitchbury, Wilts, 
many  years  a  resident  at  Millbrook,  Southampton. 

Dec.  6.  At  Paris,  aged  42,  Benjamin  Lewis,  esq. 
late  of  Carlton-villas,  Maida-vale. 

At  Pailton  House,  Rugby,  Caroline,  wife  of  Capt. 
Robert  Tryon,  R.N. 

Dee.  7.  At  Fakenham,  aged  15,  Anna,  youngest 
dau.  ofthe  late  P.  S.  Cole,  esq.  of  Sculthorpe. 

In  New  Manor-pl.  Chelsea,  aged  7^,  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Harrison. 

At  Douglas,  Isle  of  Man,  Jane,  widow  of  Captain 
WUliam  Ince,  38th  Regt. 

In  Eden-place,  Old  Kent-roed,  aged  72,  Nancy, 
relict  of  Henry  Leete,  esq.  of  Thrapeton. 

Dec.  8.    At  Cawood,  Yorksh.  aged  75,  Dorothy, 

2F 


216 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


vidow  of  WlUiam  Dobson,  esq.  of  Bishop  Wear- 
month,  Durham. 

Dec.  9.  At  Aspall  Hall,  SufToUc,  aged  80,  Kiss 
Sarah  Bellman,  only  surviving  daa.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Rayner  Bellman,  of  Wetheringsett. 

At  Gibraltar,  Sir  John  Eyton  Campbell,  Bart,  of 
Auchinbreck,  Kildallolg,  Argyleshire. 

In  New-inn,  aged  G3,  Robert  Langslofr,  esq. 
sometime  Attomey-Creneral  of  Malta,  afterwards  a 
District  Jud;re  in  Ceylon.  He  was  called  to^the 
bar  at  the  Middle  Temple,  Feb.  7, 1823.  He  be- 
came a  widower  on  the  Btli  April,  1847. 

At  Letherhead,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Eliz.  Nethercoat. 

At  Sheffield,  James  Winterbottom,  esq.  of  the 
8rd  Dragoon  Guards. 

Dec.  10.  At  Bath,  aged  87,  Lucretia,  eldest  and 
last  surviving  dau.  of  John  Smith  Budgen,  esq. 
late  of  Dorking  and  Twickenham. 

At  Leicester,  aged  85,  Susannah,  relict  of  George 
Davis,  esq. 

Dee.  11.  At  Mordiford,  Heref.  aged  64,  Rachel, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  C.  I.  Bhrd,  Rector  of  that  parish, 
and  third  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Glover,  of 
Banner,  Norfolk. 

Aged  78,  John  Morgan  Bletsoe,  LL  J),  of  Badby 
Cottage,  Daventry. 

In  Alpha-road,  Regent's-park,  aged  75,  Henry 
Foskett,  esq.  late  of  Tunbridge  Wells,  and  formerly 
Capt.  in  the  15th  Hussars. 

At  Budleigh  Salterton,  Mrs.  Sophia  Blllward, 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Milward,  esq.  of  Bromley, 
Middlesex. 

At  Clevedon,  aged  71,  Anne,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
Noblett  Ruddock,  Vicar  of  Stockland-Bristol  and 
of  Westbury-cum-Priddy,  Somerset. 

Henry  John  Scrope,  esq.  Lieut,  in  the  Royal 
Regiment,  second  son  of  S.  T.  Scrope,  esq.  of 
Danby,  Yorkshire. 

At  Kensington,  aged  81,  Mary,  widow  of  Rear- 
Adm.  de  Starck. 

At  Croydon,  aged  47,  Ann,  widow  of  Charles 
Wooderson,  esq. 

Dec.  12.  At  Dublin,  aged  27,  Frances,  wife  of 
Henry  Allnutt,  esq.  late  of  Henley-on-Thames. 

John  George  Behrends,  esq.  of  Upper  Clapton. 

At  St.  Peter's-alley,  Cornhill,  aged  26,  Henry 
Hooper,  M.D.  second  son  of  Mr.  James  Thomas 
Hooper. 

In  Momington-pl.  aged  73,  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
Rowley  Lascelles,  esq.  Bencher  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  who  died  March  19, 1841.  (See  Vol.  XVI. 
p.  323.) 

In  Camberwell,  Capt.  William  Rannie,  late  of 
10th  Foot. 

At  Florence,  In  her  68th  year,  the  lion.  Mrs. 
ToUey,  widow  of  Msjor-Gen.  H.  D.  ToUey,  C.B., 
and  sister  to  Lord  Viscount  Midleton,  and  to  tiie 
Countess  of  Bandon.  She  was  Frances  the  4th 
dau.  of  George  the  3d  Viscount,  by  Mary,  dau.  of 
the  Rt.  Rev.  Richard  Woodward^  Lord  Bishop  of 
Cloyne ;  was  married  in  1827,  and  left  a  widow 
In  1837. 

Aged  74,  Eliza-Dorothea,  relict  of  Capt.  Syden- 
ham T.  Wylde,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late 
Penystone  Portlock  Powney,  esq.  of  Ives-place, 
Maidenhead,  Berks,  M.P.  for  Windsor. 

Dec.  13.    At  Streatham,  aged  84,  Mrs.  CofBn. 

At  Brompton,  Eliza,  wife  of  W.  W.  Collins,  esq. 

James  Gee,  esq.  of  Hollywood,  near  Stockport. 

At  Edinburgh,  Dr.  John  Macwhhrter,  Ute  of  the 
Bengal  Medical  Service. 

AtColeshill-st.  £aton-sq.  Emma,  wife  of  Augusta 
H.  Mandron,  M.A. 

In  Hanovcr-sq.  Eliza-Gertrude,  wife  of  Gilbert 
Farquhar  Mathlson,  esq.  of  the  Old  Palace,  Rich- 
mond,  and  late  of  the  Ro}*al  Mint. 

Francis  Meagher,  esq.  of  the  Irish  bar.  He  was 
only  called  in  1845,  yet  he  had  a  very  extensive 
practice  in  both  law  and  equity. 

At  Blackheath-hill,  aged  21,  Walter  Augustas 
Kevill,  of  the  Bank  of  England,  second  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  Christopher  Nevill,  Vicar  of  East  Grin- 
■tead,  Sussex. 

In  Cork-st.  Emily,  dau.  of  Joslah  Rees,  esq. 


In  Grosvenor-pl.  the  in&nt  son  of  R.  B.  Sheri- 
dan, esq.  M.P. 

Aged  75,  Frances  Ann  Wadd,  only  dan.  of  the 
late  Solomon  Wadd,  esq.  surg^,  Bashighall^st. 
who  died  Jan.  29,  1821.    (See  Vol.  XCH.  i.  184.) 

Dec.  14.  At  Stutland,  Dorset,  aged  19,  Walden, 
third  survivbig  son  of  the  Rev.  George  Alston, 
late  Vicar  of  Homdon-on-the-Hill,  Essex. 

At  Hampton  Court  Palace,  aged  78,  Charles  Na- 
thaniel Bayley,  esq.  brother-in-law  to  the  Earl  of 
Jersey.  He  married  Lady  Sarah  Villiers  in  1799, 
and  was  left  a  widower  in  May,  1852. 

At  Straffan,  in  consequence  of  the  dreadful  in- 
juries she  received  by  the  collision  of  a  railway 
train,  by  which  she  was  a  passenger,  Oct.  5,  1853, 
Mrs.  Latham  Blacker,  wife  of  Mr.  Latham  Blacker, 
of  Gloucester-ter.  Hyde-park,  Solicitor  of  Customs. 

At  Bracklyn,  co.  Westmeath,  aged  63,  Thomas 
James  Fetherstonhaugh,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late 
James  Fetherstonhaugh.  He  married  the  Lady 
Eleanor  Howard,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Eaf  1  of 
Wicklow ;  and  Is  succeeded  in  his  estates  by  his 
only  son,  Howard  Fetherstonhaugh,  late  Captain 
llthRegt. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  76,  Mrs.  Nancy  Fortescne, 
sister  of  the  late  Robert  Fortescue,  esq,  surgeon, 
of  Plymouth. 

At  Farrington  Gnmey,  near  Bristol,  aged  86, 
John  S.  Hasted,  esq.  R.N. 

At  Bath,  aged  46  (one  week  after  his  marriage), 
Thomas  Stokes  Hodge,  esq.  of  Sidmouth.  iJso, 
at  Sidmouth,  aged  71,  his  mother,  Mary-Anne, 
relict  of  Thomas  Stokes  Hodge,  esq.  formerly  sur- 
geon of  that  place. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  William  Honldsworth,  esq. 
of  Glasgow. 

At  Mallow  Castle,  Cork,  Dame  Catherine  Ca- 
cilia  Jane,  wife  of  Sir  Denham  Jephson  Norreys, 
Bart.  She  was  the  dau.  of  William  Franks,  esq. 
of  C^arrig,  co.  Cork,  and  was  married  in  1831,  and 
leaves  issue. 

At  Weymouth,  Julia-Maria,  widow  of  John 
Of&ey,  esq. 

At  Eastbourne-terrace,  Hyde  Park,  aged  68,  W. 
Rawes,  esq.  M.D.- 

At  his  son's,  H.  M.  Salomons,  esq.  Plymouth- 
grove,  Manchester,  aged  93,  M.  S.  Salomons,  esq. 
formerly  of  London. 

Aged  G9,  Eleanor,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Ciyprian 
Thompson,  Incumbent  of  Fazeley,  Staffordshire. 

At  Pan,  aged  3*2,  Rpbert-Charles-Courtenay, 
eldest  son  of  Sir  Robert  Throckmorton,  Bart. 

In  Kennington  Oval,  aged  43,  Nicholas  Trant, 
esq.  surgeon,  late  of  County-terr.  New  Kent-road. 

At  Hoxton,  aged  67,  Charles  Wood,  esq.  of  the 
St.  John  del  Rey  Mining  Company. 

At  Richmond,  Yorkshire,  aged  35,  Edward 
Wright,  esq.  grandson  of  the  late  John  Wright, 
MO.  of  Kelvedon  Hall,  Essex. 

Dec.  15.  At  Lumley  Thicks,  aged  63,  James 
Bainbridge,  esq.  son  of  the  late  Joseph  Bain- 
bridge,  esq.  of  Newcastle. 

At  the  residence  of  his  brother-in-law,  Dildawn, 
near  (Castle  Douglas,  N.  B.  Henry  Beckwith,  esq. 
of  Stainton  Grange,  Cleveland. 

At  Koborough,  Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  land  agent. 

~ki  Eton,  aged  13,  Montague-George,  thhrd  son 
of  the  late  Ctoorge  Lear  Curtis,  esq.  of  Harley-st. 

At  Chelsea,  Harriet-Matilda,  widow  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Denniss,  43d  Regt.  Barrackmaster-Cten.  at 
the  Cape  of  Ciood  Hope. 

Aged  77,  John  Dnnlngham,  esq.  upwards  of  fifty 
years  a  solicitor  of  Ipswich. 

In  Devonshire-pl.  Old  Kent-road,  Ann,  relict  of 
James  Fisher,  esq.  and  tideat  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Forrance,  esq.  of  Norwood,  Surrey. 

At  Prince*s-gate,  Hyde-park,  Maria,  wife  of  John 
Harris,  esq.  formerly  of  St.  Paul's  Churchyard. 

At  Cottingham,  near  Hull,  aged  94,  John  WU- 
liam  Hentig,  esq.  for  upwards  of  forty-three  years 
Consul  at  the  port  of  Hull  for  their  Majesties  the 
Kings  of  Prusoa ;  also,  at  Melbourne,  Aug.  81,  of 
a  compound  fracture  of  the  leg.  agisd  41,  John 
William,  his  third  son. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


219 


At  Fair  Lawn,  near  Ripon,  EUcabetb,  widow  of 
John  Hodgson,  esq.  of  Norton  Conyers. 

At  Beaofoy-terr.  Maida-vale,  aged  68,  Rich- 
ard Hetley,  esq. 

At  Edgbaston,  aged  61,  Caroline,  wife  of  Jolin 
Keep,  esq. 

At  Brixton,  aged  16,  Forbes-Henry,  second  son 
of  the  late  Forbes  H'NeiU,  esq. 

At  AUoa  House,  Clackmannanshire,  the  Right 
Hon.  Philadelphia-Stnart  Coontess  of  Marr  and 
Kellie.  She  was  the  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Sir 
Charles  Oranville  Stuart  Menteath,  of  Closebnm. 
Her  marriage  with  the  Earl  of  Marr  took  place  on 
the  24th  of  April,  1827.  She  leaves  no  issue.  Her 
body  was  interred  in  Alloa  churchyard  on  the 
22nd,  attended  by  her  brothers,  the  Rev.  Francis 
Stuart  Menteath,  and  Alex.  Stuart  Menteath,  esq. 
and  other  relatives. 

At  Park -village  East,  Regent's-park,  aged  90, 
Gaetano  Folidori. 

At  Ilkeston  Park,  Sarah,  wife  of  Sam.  Potter,  esq. 

At  the  parsonage,  Down  St.  Mary,  aged  68, 
Mary,  wife  of  B.  T.  Radford,  esq.  St.  David*s-hill, 
Exeter. 

At  Boulogne,  aged  52,  Edward,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Lord  William  Seymour. 

At  Champion-hill,  Jemima-Duncan,  widow  of 
James  Thompson,  esq.  of  Edinburgh. 

At  Kenning^n-common,  aged  76,  Warwick 
Weston,  esq. 

Dec.  16.  At  Goole,  aged  52,  Anne-Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Mr.  Thomas  Uawksley  Capes,  solicitor,  and 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Scholfleld,  esq.  Faxfleet  Hall. 

At  Highgate,  aged  66,  Anne,  relict  of  G.  W. 
Carpenter,  esq.  of  Hartley  House,  BaUi. 

At  Eglinton  Castle,  the  Right.  Hon.  Theresa 
Countess  of  Eglinton  and  Winton.  She  ivas  the 
dan.  of  Charles  Newcomen,  esq.  was  married  first 
to  Richard  Howe  Cockerell,  esq.  Comm.  R.N.,  and 
secondly,  in  1841 ,  to  the  Earl  of  Eglinton,  by  whom 
she  has  left  issue  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 
Her  ladyship's  benefactions  to  the  poor,  and  pa- 
tronage of  all  charitable  institutions,  were  on  the 
most  liberal  scale,  and  during  the  Earl's  vioeroy- 
alty  in  Ireland  in  1852  her  popularity  was  un- 
bounded. Her  body  was  privately  interred  at 
Kilwinning  on  the  23d. 

At  Bath,  aged  87,  Mrs.  ThoophiU  Ellis. 

At  Beccles,  aged  76,  Sarah,  wife  of  H.  Read,  esq. 

At  North-bank,  St.  John's-wood,  aged  100,  John 
Rose,  esq.  lie  was  born  at  Nairn  ;  had  general 
good  healtti ;  came  from  Scotland  in  early  life ; 
was  a  tradesman  in  the  Strand  about  54  years, 
and  had  retired  from  business  17^  years,  during 
the  last  16  of  which  he  resided  in  North-bank, 
Regent's-park. 

At  Tynemouth,  at  an  advanced  age,  Ann-Eliza- 
beth, dau.  of  the  late  Francis  Smyub,  esq.  of  New 
Building,  Yorkshire. 

Dec.  17.  At  Worthing,  aged  86,  AbigaU,  relict 
of  David  Brandon,  esq. 

At  Flesk  Lodge,  Killamey,  aged  50,  Major  Wil- 
liam Scijeantson  Dalton,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
John  Dalton,  esq.  of  Sleningford  Park,  Yorkshire, 
and  Fillingliam  Castle,  Lincolnshire. 

At  Dundas,  Canada  West,  aged  52,  James  B. 
Ewart,  esq. 

At  Ripon,  aged  64,  Ann,  wife  of  Charles  Judson, 
esq.  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Daniel  Brown,  esq. 

At  Watford,  Susannah,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
Jonathan  King,  esq. 

Harriett,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Lewis, 
Rector  of  Gillingham,  Norfolk. 

At  Clifton,  Clifton  Wintringham  Loscombe,  esq. 
formerly  of  IMckwick  House,  near  Corsham. 

At  Windsor,  aged  26,  Janet-Agnes,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Francis  Henry  Morgan,  M.A. 

At  Hazcley,  the  Hon.  Frances  Mary  Waldegrave, 
infant  dau.  of  Viscount  Chewton. 

Dec.  18.  At  Sutton  Coldfield,  aged  93,  Phoebe- 
Ann,  widow  of  Grant  Broughton,  esq.  and  mother 
of  the  late  Bishop  of  Sydney. 

At  Weedon,  aged  23,  Sarah,  wife  of  George 
Brown,  esq.  Adjutant  95Ui  Begt. 


At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  88,  Robert  Ed- 
wards, esq.  late  of  Topsham,  ]>eyon. 

At  Clifton,  aged  32,  William  Edwards,  esq.  lata 
Capt.  17th  Foot. 

In  Regent-st.  aged  36,  Ann,  widow  of  Walter 
Gillman,  esq.  of  Castle  Park,  co.  Cork. 

At  Tottenham,  Caroline,  wife  of  Samuel  Lloyd 
Howard,  esq.  youngest  dau.  of  Richard  Ball,  esq. 
of  Bristol. 

At  Kensington,  at  an  advanced  age,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  William  Johnston,  esq.  R.N.  late  of  Bou- 
logne-sur-Mer. 

At  Moor  Grange,  Headingley,  near  Leeds,  aged 
64,  Jane,  relict  of  John  Pollard,  of  Newlay  Honso 
near  Leeds,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  76,  Anthony  Rosenhagen, 
esq. 

At  his  sou's,  Manchester,  John  Stirling,  esq.  fA 
Eldershaw,  late  of  St.  Andrew's,  Fife. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  87,  Henry  Tiddeman,  esq. 
late  of  75th  Foot. 

At  Streatham-hill,  aged  72,  Wm.  Ogle  West,  esq. 

At  Heronden  Hall,  Tenterden,  Kent,  and  of 
Montagu-st.  Russell-sq.  aged  80,  Mrs.  Whelan. 

At  Galway,  George  Hume  Wilcox,  esq.  lata 
Collector  of  Her  Majesty's  Customs,  Leith. 

Dec.  19.  Aged  51,  Jklary-Elizabeth,  wife  of  John 
Barthorpe,  esq.  of  HoUesley. 

In  Mount-st.  Grosvenor-sq.  aged  57,  Mrs.  Fttz^ 
of  Huddersfleld. 

At  Ottery  St.  Mary,  aged  92,  Thomas  Glanvill, 
esq.  formerly  an  eminent  solicitor,  and  one  of  the 
oldest  inhabitants  of  ttie  parish. 

At  her  brother-in-law's,  William  Price,  eaq. 
Woodhatch,  Reigate,  Miss  Haines,  of  Brighton, 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Haynes,  esq.  of  Croydon. 

At  Bristol,  aged  46,  Thornhill  Heatlicote,  eaq. 

At  Edinburgh,  Christopher  Howey,  esq.  late  of 
Ilderton,  the  representative  of  a  family  long  held 
in  the  highest  respect  in  Northumberland. 

At  Weymouth,  aged  62,  Capt.  Kellaway,  late  of 
the  H.E.I.  Company's  Maritime  Service. 

At  Nice,  aged  59,  Sir  William  Luwthrop,  Knt. 
of  Hull,  and  of  Alga  House,  Scarborough.  He  waa 
the  2d  son  of  James  Lowthrop,  esq.  of  Wettenhall, 
Yorkshire,  and  was  knighted  when  Mayor  of  Hull 
in  1840.  He  was  an  active  borougli  magistrate, 
and  a  zealous  i>olitical  and  free  trade  reformer. 
He  nuuried  in  18 18  the  fourth  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Riddell,  esq.  of  Kingston-upon-Thames. 

At  Ashfield,  Taunton,  aged  70,  Mary,  wife  of 
William  Norman,  esq.  formerly  of  Langport. 

Dec.  20.  In  Margaret-st.  Cavendish-sq.  Frede- 
rick George  Body,  esq.  of  the  Admiralty,  Somerset 
House. 

.  At  Hare  Hatch,  Berks,  aged  51 ,  Harriet,  wife  of 
Major  James  Brand,  late  16th  Regt.  eldest  dan.  of 
the  late  Robert  Phipps,  esq.  of  Demerara. 

At  Southampton,  Mary,  wife  of  Wilham  Cole- 
man, esq. 

At  her  son's,  the  Rev.  Charles  J.  Garrard,  South 
Lambeth,  aged  68,  Martha,  relict  of  Lieut.-CoI. 
Garrard,  Madras  Eng. 

At  Croydon,  aged  70,  Thomas  Hamer,  esq. 

At  St.  Leonard's,  aged  52,  Grace,  wife  of  CoL 
Hardy. 

At  Paris,  aged  20,  Marion-Frances-Jane,  onlj 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev  .Thomas  Harvey,  M.A.  Minister 
of  the  Upper  Town  Church,  Boulogne-sur-Mer. 

At  New  Brompton,  Anna,  relict  of  Thomas 
Jarvis,  esq.  of  Queenhithe. 

At  Stonehouse,  aged  31,  William  Thompson 
Kay,  esq.  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Royal  Marine 
Division  at  Pljrmouth. 

At  her  son-in-law's,  Mr.  Thomas  De  la  Court, 
Camberwell,  aged  70,  Mary,  relict  of  Capt.  Wm. 
Mitchell,  P.M.  Royal  Regiment. 

Dec.1\.  At  Thorpe  next  Norwich,  aged  70, 
Hannah,  wife  of  John  Brightwen,  esq. 

At  Dulwich,  aged  38,  Margaret-Sarah  Brooke, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Zachary  Brooke. 

At  Nancy,  aged  61,  James  William  Croft,  esq. 
second  sou  of  the  late  James  Croft,  esq.  of  Cbreeo- 
ham  Lodge,  Berka. 


220 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


At  High  Harrogate,  at  a  very  advanced  age, 
Jane,  relict  of  John  Jaqnes,  esq.  M.D.  dan.  of  the 
late  Francis  Meeke,  esq.  of  Kirk  Hammerton  Hall, 
Torkshire. 

In  Nottingham-place,  aged  65,  Matthias  Koops 
Knight,  esq.  Secretary  of  the  West  Middlesex 
Waterworks. 

At  Exeter,  aged  60,  Major  George  Lee,  Madras 
establishment,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Hnckell  Lee,  esq.  of  Ehford  Barton. 

At  Darlin^^on,  aged  70,  Margaret,  widow  of 
George  Ornsby,  esq.  of  Lanchester-lodge.Dnrham 

At  Ulverston,  aged  60,  Mary,  wife  of  William 
Postlethwaite,  esq.  banker. 

At  Came  House,  Dorsetshire,  Francis  Richard 
Price,  esq. 

At  Lympsham,  Somerset,  aged  41,  Adam  Rid- 
dell,  esq.  shipowner. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  71,  Elizabeth-ItYances, 
relict  of  John  Taylor,  esq.  of  Manchester. 

Dec.  22.  At  Bridgend,  aged  69,  Thomas  Bowen, 
esq.  of  Carmarthen,  Poor  Law  Auditor  for  South 
Wales.    He  was  formerly  in  the  10th  Hussars. 

In  Milton-st.  Dorset-sq.  aged  74,  Catherine 
widow  of  David  D.  Davis,  M.D. 

In  Upper  George-st.  Br3ranston-sq.  aged  71, 
Letitia,  wife  of  Charles  Fortnnm,  esq. 

At  Exeter,  aged  41,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John 
Arthur  Gardner,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 

At  Clifton,  Emily-Anne,  eldest  and  sole  surviv- 
ing dau.  of  Major  Mairis,  relict  of  Robert  Haynes, 
esq.  lute  of  Barbados. 

Aged  73,  Chas.  Mander,  esq.  of  Wolverhampton. 

In  Great  Portiand-st.  in  her  90th  year,  Mrs. 
Elisabeth  Ogborne.  Tills  lady,  in  the  year  1814, 
commenced  the  production  of  a  History  of  Essex  ; 
her  brother,  who  was  an  able  line-engraver,  con- 
tributing the  plates.  It  was  printed  in  quarto,  but 
only  the  first  volume  was  published,  containing 
twenty-two  parishes,  in  the  Hundreds  of  Becon- 
tree.  Havering,  Waltham,  and  Ongar.  From  want 
of  aidequate  encouragement,  and  the  impaired 
means  of  the  Ogbomes,  it  did  not  proceed  further : 
although  creditable  to  both  the  artist  and  the 
author. 

At  Ramsey,  Hunt,  aged  77,  Tliomas  Pooley,  esq. 

At  Leicester,  aged  43,  James  Rawson,  esq.  of 
Sainton,  near  Stamford. 

At  Child  Okeforcl,  Dorset,  at  a  very  advanced 
age,  Harriet,  relict  of  Henry  Ker-Seymer,  esq. 
of  Hanford  House,  Dorset.  She  was  the  daughter 
of  Peter  Beckford,  esq.  of  Stap1eton,co.  Dorset,  by 
the  Hon.  Louisa  Pitt,  second  dau.  of  George  first 
Lord  Rivers,  of  Strathfieldsaye ;  was  married  in 
1807,  and  left  a  widow  in  1834,  having  had  issue 
the  present  Henry  Ker-Seymer,  esq.  M.l*.  for  Dor- 
setsltire ;  another  son ;  and  two  daughters,  Harriet- 
Maria,  wife  of  the  Rev.  James  Duff  Ward,  and 
Louisa,  the  first  wife  of  Dr.  Denison,  Bishop  of 
SaliKbnry  ;  she  died  in  1841. 

At  Elliston  House,  Roxburghshire,  Robt.  Henry 
Tulloh,  esq.  of  Elliston. 

At  Clifton,  aged  88,  Mary,  relict  of  Wm.  Walton, 
esq.  Bencher  of  Lincoln's-inn,  and  late  of  Bradsted, 
Kent. 

At  Peck  ham,  Mary-Bartlett,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Capt.  Warden,  H.E.I.C.S. 

At  Haverstock-hill,  I^uisa-Madelon,  relict  of 
James  Wetenhall,  esq.  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

Dee.  23.  At  Kensington  Gore,  Emily,  wife  of 
Thomas  Bates,  esq.  of  Lincoln's-inn,  and  Heddon, 
Nortliumberland,  and  late  Fellow  of  Jesus  college, 
Cambridge,  only  dau.  of  John  Batten,  e.sq.  of  Hol- 
lands, Yeovil. 

At  Stepney,  at  an  advanced  age,  Charlotte- 
Solby,  relict  of  Robt.  Boyle,  esq.  Upper  Thames-st. 

Aged  67,  Mr.  Benjamin  Butterworth,  of  the 
Bank  of  England. 

At  Peckham,  aged  84,  Mary,  relict  of  Jacob 
Oapadose,  esq.  formerly  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

In  Blandford-pl.  Regent's-park.aged  56,  Walter 
Welland  Carrington,  esq. 

At  Horsham,  aged  82,  William  Thomas  Coleman, 
esq.  late  Comptroller  H.M.  Customs  at  Gloucester. 


At  Brixton,  aged  86,  Mrs.  Harriet  Corp. 

In  Bedford-sq.  aged  72,  Miss  Anna  Maria  Creed. 

Aged  15,  Elizabeth- Alice,  eldest  dau.  of  ProfiBfleor 
De  Morgan,  of  University  college,  London. 

At  the  rectory,  West  Ilsley,  Berks,  aged  35, 
Thomas  Edlin,  esq. 

At  Polbathick,  near  St.  German's,  Cornwall, 
aged  71,  Assistant-Surgeon  WUliam  Eyre  (1811), 
on  the  retired  list.  He  was  for  upwards  of  thirty- 
two  years  a.ssistant-surgeon  of  the  Royal  Naval 
Hospital,  Stonehouse. 

At  Brighton,  aged  3,  Frances-Margaret,  young- 
est dan.  of  Sir  Thomas  Gladstone. 

At  Mount  Pleasant,  Plymouth,  aged  70,  Major 
James  Hull  Harrison,  late  Royal  Marino  Artillery. 

At  Bisliop  Auckland,  aged  67,  Anna,  dau.  of  the 
late  Dr.  Hutchinson,  of  Richmond,  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends. 

Aged  87,  George  William  Leigh,  esq.  of  Basing- 
stoke, and  formerly  of  Overton,  Hants. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  71,  John  Pedler.esq.  Master 
B.N.  for  many  years  a  magistrate  for  Devonshire. 

At  Preston  Court,  near  Wingham,  Kent,  the  re- 
sidence of  his  son-in-law  the  Rev.  S.  E.  Toomer, 
aged  93,  Mr.  Joseph  Toomer,  sen.  late  of  Newbury, 
Berks. 

In  Suffolk-street,  PalUmall,  the  Dowager  Lady 
Winnington.  She  was  Isabella,  second  dau.  of 
John  Taylor,  esq.  of  Moseley  Hall,  co.  Wore. ;  was 
married  in  1810  to  Sir  Thomas  Winnington,  the 
third  Bart,  of  Stanford  Court  in  that  county,  and 
left  his  widow  in  1839,  having  had  issue  the  pre- 
sent Baronet  and  other  children. 

Dec.  24  At  the  house  of  his  son-in-law  Harvey 
Lewis,  esq.  in  Dublin,  aged  75,  George  Ball,  esq. 
late  of  Richmond-hill,  Surrey. 

In  Norfolk -crescent,  Hyde  Park,  Henry  Black- 
den,  esq. 

At  Clifton,  aged  87,  Mary- Anne,  relict  of  Samuel 
Jellicoe,  esq.  late  of  Uplands. 

At  Newton  Bushel,  aged  39,  Charles  Butler 
Lane,  esq.  M.D.  late  of  Ewell. 

At  Dover,  Walter,  eldest  son  of  W.  L.  Lawrence, 
esq.  of  Sandi well-park,  Glouc. 

At  Broadwater,  near  Godalming,  aged  64,  George 
Marshall,  esq. 

At  Wisbeach,  aged  83,  Charles  Metcalfie,  esq. 
one  of  the  magistrates  for  the  Isle  of  Ely. 

At  Islington,  Mr.  Wm.  Osman,  for  thirty  years 
an  attendant  of  the  reading  room  of  the  Britiiih 
Museum. 

At  Sandwich,  aged  33,  James  S.  Solly,  esq.  sol. 

At  Redbridge,  aged  80,  Nancy,  relict  of  Richard 
Stride,  esq. 

At  Taunton,  aged  63,  Susannah,  relict  of  Samuel 
Charles  Turner,  of  Child  Okeford,  Dorsetshire. 

At  UpperClapton,  aged  72,  James  Wadmore,  esq. 

At  Dover.  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Capt.  Whittle,  and 
youngest  dan.  of  Col.  Uutcheson,  R.  Art. 

At  Emsworth,  Hants,  aged  60,  Elizabeth,  relict 
of  Thomas  Scholes  Withington,  esq. 

Dec.  25.  At  Reddish  House,  near  Stockport, 
aged  13,  Elizabeth -Dreghom,  eldest  dau.  of  Hugh 
Beaver,  esq.  of  Bryn-Glas,  Montgomeryshire,  and 
granddau.  of  the  late  Sir  Duncan  Campbell,  Bart, 
of  Barcaldine,  Argyleshire. 

At  Fittleworth,  aged  77,  Mary,  relict  of  Edward 
Bushby,  esq. 

At  Copthall-court,  Throgmorton-st.  aged  68, 
Robert  William  Buttemer,  esq.  of  West  Lodge, 
Clapham -common. 

At  Scotsbrig,  near  Ecclefechan,  Mrs.  Carlyle, 
mother  of  Thomas  Carlyle  the  author,  and  another 
son  who  is  a  doctor  residing  in  London. 

At  the  Rectory,  Fisherton,  aged  30,  Georgiana- 
Ward,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  H.  G.  De  Starck. 

At  Leamington,  Charlotte,  voungest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  John  Holt,  Vicar  of  Wrawby,  Lincoln- 
shire, and  Rector  of  Elston,  Notts. 

At  Ethy  House,  Loatwitliiel,  Cornwall,  aged  25, 
David  Henry  Howell,  esq.  late  Lieut.  2d  (Queen's) 
Dragoon  Guards. 

At  Edinburgh,  James  Hunter,  esq.  of  Ilafton. 

In  Duke-nt.  Portland-pl.  aged  76,  (jonlclia,  wife 


1854.] 


OfilTUART. 


221 


of  Sir  George  Jackson,  K.C.H.  her  Majeitfa  Com- 
miflsary  Judge  at  St.  Paul  de  Loando,  Africa. 
She  was  the  eldest  dau.  of  Christopher  Savill,  esq. 
and  was  married  in  1812. 

At  Paddington,  aged  67,  William  Thornton,  esq. 

In  Somerset-st.  Portman-sq.  aged  63,  Thomas 
Whitfield,  esq. 

At  Alphington-road,  aged  77,  Captain  James 
Williams,  h.p.  44th  Regt. 

Dec.  26.  At  Dover,  aged  64,  Mary,  relict  of  the 
Ven.  Edward  Bather,  Archdeacon  of  Salop,  dau. 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Butler,  late  Lord  Bishop  of  Lichfield. 

Aged  85,  Benjamin  Mortier  Foakes,  asq.  of 
Great  Dunmow,  Essex. 

Aged  73,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Robert  Harrild, 
esq.  of  Round-hill,  Sydenham. 

Elizabeth-Margaret-Ann,  wife  of  the  Rev.  H. 
Holden,  Head  Master  of  the  Grammar  School, 
Durham. 

On  his  64th  birthday,  Nathaniel  Lloyd,  esq.  He 
was  of  the  old  family  of  Lloyd  of  Wheatenhurst, 
whose  pedigree  is  in  the  Visitations  of  Gloucester- 
shire. His  grandfather  and  father,  bearing  both 
his  names,  established  and  carried  on  with  great 
success  the  clothing  manufacture  in  the  adjoining 
parish  of  Uley  for  nearly  a  century ;  the  brothers 
Daniel  and  Nathaniel,  who  died  in  1808,  leaving 
fortunes  amounting  to  180,000/.  The  deceased, 
who  died  single,  was  the  eldest;  the  second  was 
William  Freeman  Lloyd,  also  a  bachelor,  whose 
death  (in  1853)  and  labours  for  the  rising  genera- 
tion are  recorded  in  our  Vol.  xxxix.  p.  668  ;  the 
third.  Rev.  Sam.  Lloyd,  M.A.  late  Vicar  of  Horsley; 
fourth,  Elizabeth-Head,  the  wife  of  Edward  Dal  ton, 
esq.  D.C.L.  F.S.A.,  of  Dunkirk  Manor-house; 
fifth,  Rev.  J.  D.  Lloyd,  M.A.  Rector  of  the  Clare 
portion  of  Tiverton,  to  which  he  was  presented  in 
1 837  by  his  sister  Mrs.  Dalton's  trustees. 

At  Maidstone,  at  the  house  of  her  son  C.  Morgan, 
esq.  solicitor,  aged  83,  Mrs.  Ann  Morgan,  relict  of 
Joseph  Langdon  Morgan,  esq. 

Aged  20,  Louisa-Anne,  second  dau.  of  Joseph 
Salkeld,  esq,  of  Upper  Wobum-pl. 

At  Hammersmith,  Ann,  relict  of  John  Shar- 
man,  esq. 

Aged  80,  Matilda,  relict  of  John  Stanford,  esq. 
of  Framlingham. 

At  St.  Margaret's-at-Cliff,  near  Rochester,  aged 
63,  Maria,  relict  of  Thomas  Kingsford  Wood,  esq. 

Dec.  27.   At  Norwich,  aged  83,  John  Flower, esq. 

At  Westbourne-green,  aged  60,  Mary,  relict  of 
John  Hodson,  esq.  of  the  Audit  Office,  Somerset 
House,  and  niece  of  the  late  William  Moore,  At- 
torney-General of  Barbados. 

At  Henley-in-Arden,  aged  74,  Robert  Pargiter 
Humphrey,  esq.  of  Tl\orpe  Mandeville,  Northamp. 

Aged  75,  Mr.  James  Hurst,  an  old  inhabitant  of 
Milk-street,  London,  and  for  many  years  solicitor 
to  the  St.  Ann's  Society.  He  hung  himself  to  his 
bedpost  during  temporary  insanity. 

At  Ringwood,  aged  79,  William  Jones,  esq.  He 
was  a  native  of  Wales,  and  in  his  youth  served  in 
the  army.  Many  years  ago  he  came  to  reside  at 
Ringwood,  and  was  distinguished  for  his  largo  ex- 
penditure in  public  and  private  charity.  He  laid 
the  foundation  stone  of  the  in&nt  school,  and  also, 
more  recently,  tliat  of  the  church. 

At  Collumpton,  at  the  residence  of  her  aunt 
Mrs.  Isaac  Davy,  Mary-Frank,  wife  of  William 
Matthews,  esq. 

At  Hawkhurst,  aged  71,  Edward  Poynder,  esq. 

At  Paris,  aged  71,  Andrew  Charles  Rea,  esq. 
R.M.  of  Ljrmden,  Sussex,  and  formerly  of  Park 
Lodge,  Blackheath. 

At  Harewood-sq.  aged  69,  Ann,relict  of  John 
Routh,  esq. 

At  Kensington,  Louisa,  third  dau.  of  the  late 
Major  Symonds,  of  Stonehouse,  Devon. 

At  North  Grimston,  near  Malton,  aged  53,  Mr. 
William  Tate,  for  thirty-one  years  principal  of  a 
commercial  school  at  Rillington,  near  Malton. 

Dec.  28.  At  Cold  Harbour,  near  Wallingford, 
aged  61.  Robert  Mayne  Clarke,  esq. 

At  New  llampton,  Middlesex,  the  wif)B  of  William 


James  Lane,  esq.  and  dati.  of  WilliAm  Witliall^esq. 

Parliament-st. 

At  East-hill,  Wandsworth,  aged  86,  Joshna 
Saunders,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  aged  24,  Alexander,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Alexander  Sharman,  esq.  of  Bedford. 

Aged  69,  Charles  Stokes,  esq.  F.R.S.  of  Veru- 
lam-buildlngs  and  the  Stock  Exchange.  He  was 
a  collector  of  coins,  drawings,  and  natural  history, 
a  contributor  to  the  Transactions  of  the  Geolo^- 
cal  Society,  and  one  of  the  executors  of  the  sculp- 
tor Chantrey. 

At  Lee  Park  House,  Kent,  aged  80,  Frances, 
widow  of  WUliam  Tatlock,  R.N. 

At  Nonvich,  aged  86,  Harriet-Louisa,  relict  of 
Wm.  Warren,  esq.  of  Caistor,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Scott,  of  Diss. 

At  Kew-green,  Caroline  Wilson,  last  surviving 
child  of  the  late  Lady  Anno  Townshend  Wilson. 

In  Upper  Wimpole-st.  Mary-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of 
WUliam  Kelly  de  Wilton,  esq.  of  Ballycurra,  Co. 
Galway,and  grandniece  of  the  late  Richard  Martin, 
of  BalUnahinch  Castle,  esq.  many  years  M.P.  for 
the  same  county. 

Dec.  29.  At  Edinburgh,  Hugh  Melville  Balfour, 
M.D.  Assistant  Surgeon  84th  Regt. 

At  Guernsey,  aged  71,  Eleanor,  widow  of  Capt. 
Mark  Bayfield. 

Aged  67,  Thomas  Baylis,  esq.  of  Beaumont-sq. 
Mile-end. 

At  Nether  Wlnchendon,  Bucks,  aged  23,  David 
Williams  Bernard,  esq.  only  surviving  son  of  Tho- 
mas Tyringham  Bernard,  esq. 

In  Bath-pl.  Dalston,  aged  77,  Samuel  Chant, 
esq.  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Charborough  Park,  Dorsetsh.  Jane-Frances, 
wife  of  John  S.  Sawbridge  Erie  Drax,  esq.  M.F. 
She  was  the  only  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Erie 
Drax  Grosvenor,  esq.  M.P.  nephew  to  Richard 
Erie  Grosvenor,  by  Sarali-Frances,  only  dau.  and 
heiress  of  Edward  Drax",  esq.  of  Charborough ;  and 
was  heiress  to  her  brother  Richard  Edward  Erie 
Drax,  esq.  who  died  unmarried  in  1828.  She  was 
married  to  Mr.  Sawbridge  in  1827,  and  they  took 
the  names  of  Erle-Drax  the  following  year.  She 
leaves  issue  two  daughters. 

At  St.  Leonard's-on-Sea,  aged  34,  Fanny,  wife  of 
F.  M.  Faulkner,  esq.  of  Folkestone,  Kent,  and  dau. 
of  L.  M.  Shnon,  esq.  Paragon,  Blackheath. 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  72,  Charlotte  HinchlifTe, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Bishop  of  Peterborough. 

At  Wallon,  Drewsteignton,  Devonshire,  aged  73, 
Wm.  Lambert,  esq. 

In  Ann-st.  Edinburgh,  aged  78,  Lillias,  dan.  of 
the  late  John  M'Neill,  esq.  of  Gigha. 

At  Hove,  Brighton,  aged  76,  Chs.  Newman,  esq. 

At  Dorchester,  Joseph  Stone,  esq.  the  Coun^ 
Treasurer,  &c.  &c. 

Dec.  30.  At  Tynemouth,  aged  48,  Juliet,  wife  of 
Charles  Amndale,  esq.  and  third  dau.  of  the  late 
Dr.  Drury,  of  North  Shields. 

Aged  22,  Henry,  youngest  son  of  Robert  Bicker- 
stcth,  esq.  surgeon,  Liverpool. 

At  Esher,  Anne,  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Frederick 
Browne. 

At  Torquay,  Elizabeth- Wilson,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
W.  M.  H.  Church,  Vicar  of  Geddingtori. 

At  Torquay,  Caroline,  wife  of  John  Eraser,  esq. 
of  Achnagaim,  Inverness-shire,  and  Ardwick, 
Manchester. 

At  Cheltenham,  Rose,  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Gray, 
R.Art. 

At  North-end,  Fulham,  Harriot,  widow  of  James 
Lammin,  esq.  of  Shorrolds,  Fulliam. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  86,  Caroline,  widow  of 
John  LeGrand,  esq.  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Christo- 
pher Naylor,  Head  Master  of  the  King's  School. 

At  Brompton,  Middx.  aged  73,  Edw.  Martin,  esq. 

At  Brasted,  Kent,  aged  76,  John  Pollard  Mayers, 
esq.  Bencher  of  the  filiddle  Temple,  and  late  agent 
for  Barbados. 

In  Eaton-pl.  Elizabeth-Caroline,  fifth  dau.  of  Sir 
Charles  Price,  of  Spring-grove,  the  first  Baronet. 

At  Cbester-le-Street,  at  his  brother's,  aged  44, 


222 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


Peter  Ralph  Shield,  esq.  one  of  Her  UMj9eltj*B  Hon. 

Corps  of  Gentlemen- at- Arms. 

At  Brixton,  Ann,  fourth  dan.  of  the  late  John 
Stewart,  esq.  of  Skelmnir,  Aberdeenshire. 

At  Islington,  a^ed  19,  Frederick  Chaston  War- 
ren, late  of  H.M.S.  Hastings,  third  son  of  BIr. 
Nathaniel  Warren,  Jnn.  formerly  of  Bury  St.  Ed- 
mund's ;  and  on  Jan.  2,  at  Finsbory,  aged  76,  Mr. 
Nathaniel  Warren,  sen.  formerly  of  Bury,  his 
grandfather. 

Dec.  31 .  At  Cambervell,  aged  69,  Richard  Berry, 
esq.  late  of  the  75th  Regiment. 

At  his  son's,  the  vicarage,  Hardingstone,  near 
Northampton,  aged  68,  Robert  Stewart  Blucke, 
esq.  R.M.  son  of  the  Rev.  R.  Blncke,  late  Vicar  of 
Eddlesborough,  Bucks. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Brown,  Rec- 
tor of  Christchnrch,  Sonthwark. 

At  Wimborne  Minster,  aged  45,  Isaac  Bryant, 
esq.  solicitor,  many  years  clerk  to  the  magistrates 
for  this  division  ;  also  to  the  guardians  of  the  Wim- 
borne and  Cranborne  Union  and  the  trustees  of 
the  Cranborne  Turnpike. 

At  Gwysaney,  Flintshire,  aged  67,  Julia-Char- 
lotte, relict  of  the  late  Charles  Montgomery  Camp- 
hell,  esq.  of  Bennington-park,  Herts. 

At  Brompton-cresc.  aged  78,  Sarah,  relict  of 
James  Castorton,  esq.  of  Chelsea,  and  of  the  Stock 
Exchange. 

Frances-Maria,  wife  of  W.  H.  Dease,  esq.  of 
Baker-st 

At  Mount  House,  Lewisham-road,  aged  72, 
Judith,  relict  of  John  Downes,  esq.  of  Lawrence 
Pountney-Iane. 

Aged  73,  Susannah,  wife  of  Mr.  Francis  Qraham, 
I  of  Ludgate-hill. 

At  Newcastle,  aged  75,  Alfired  Hall,  esq.  one  of 
the  directors  on  the  formation  of  the  Newcastle 
and  Carlisle  Company,  for  many  years  a  member 
of  tiie  corporation  of  Ne^n-castle,  and  sheriff  in 
1821  and  1826.  His  connection  with  municipal 
afPairs  ceased  upon  the  passing  of  the  Municipal 
Corporations  Act. 

At  B<Min,  Helen,  wifo  of  the  Rev.  Ridley  H. 
Herschell. 

At  Westlawn,  Devon,  Catherine,  relict  of  Charles 
Kelson,  esq.  of  Bath,  and  Stonehouse,  co.  Glouc. 

In  London,  aged  68,  Comm.  James  Lamont, 
R.N.  Ho  entered  the  navy  in  1798  ;  was  in  the 
Charon  44,  at  the  evacuation  of  the  Holder ;  a  mid- 
shipman of  the  Hebe,  in  the  expedition  to  Egypt, 
in  1801 ;  and  was  made  Lieutenant  in  1805.  Three 
years  afterwards,  whilst  boarding  an  enemy's  ves- 
sel in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  he  received  a  sliot 
through  the  lungs,  and  was  obliged  to  invalid; 
but  although  a  great  sufferer  for  twenty  years  in 
consequence,  he  nevertheless  sought,  but  could  not 
procure,  further  employment,  and  therefore  ac- 
cepted his  retired  rank  in  1838.  He  was  in  receipt 
of  a  pension  for  wounds. 

At  Ashford,  Kent,  aged  70,  Capt.  John  Stoddart, 
R.N.  (1825),  on  the  retireil  list  of  1846.  He  en- 
tered the  navy  in  1797  and  served  17  years  afloat. 
In  the  Adamant  50,  with  the  Tremendous  74,  he 
assisted  in  driving  the  French  frigate  la  Preneuso 
on  shore,  under  a  lieavy  flre  from  the  batteries  of 
Port  LouiH,  lale  of  France.  He  was  made  a  Lieut, 
in  1804.  In  the  Melampus  36,  he  assisted  in  cap- 
turing two  brigs  and  a  Spanish  privateer,  and  also 
in  the  destruction,  off  Cape  Henry,  of  the  Frencli 
74  rimpetueux.  As  Commander  of  the  Stromboli, 
bomb,  he  actively  co-operated  with  the  Catalonian 
patriots,  and  assisted  at  the  capture  of  the  Fort 
St.  Philippe.  He  also  commanded  the  Crocus  and 
Primrose  sloops,  but  has  not  been  afloat  since  he 
was  posted  in  1825. 

In  Aldersgate-«t.  aged  69,  Dhiah,  the  wife  of 
Richard  Vines,  esq. 

At  Needingworth,  suddenly,  aged  82,  Benjamin 
Vlpan,  esq.,  a  fine  specimen  of  the  old  English 
gentleman,  a  liberal  benefactor  to  the  poor,  and  a 
kind  and  constant  friend. 

Latelif.  At  her  mother's,  in  Welbeck-st.  EUm- 
beth-Clottlda»  wife  of  Capt.  Owtts,  tth  Madns 


N.I.  eldest  dM.  of  the  Ute  Dr.  MonAt,  sorgeon 
15th  Hussars. 

At  Galveston,  Texas,  Mr.  John  Randolph  Re- 
mington, of  Alabama,  U.S.  who  spent  several  years 
in  England  in  the  construction  of  novel  and  useful 
inventions,  particularly  in  Wolverhampton  and 
Birmingham,  where  he  was  much  respected  byi 
the  merchants  and  manufacturers.  Mr.  Reming- 
ton while  in  this  country  demonstrated  the  stabi- 
lity of  firagile-looking  bridges,  built  of  thin  strips 
of  wood,  on  the  principle  of  the  longitudinal  adhe- 
sion of  tlie  flbres  of  tiie  timber.  He  erected  a 
beautiful  model  of  his  extraordinary  bridge  in  the 
Surrey  2k)ological  Garden's  about  five  years  ago  ; 
and  about  two  months  afterwards  constructed  a 
permanent  bridge  on  the  same  plan,  250  feet  span, 
over  tho  Trent,  at  Ingestre  Park,  Staffordshire. 

Jan.  1.  At  Teignmouth,  aged  78,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Jacob  Bartlett,  esq. 

At  Twickenham,  aged  36,  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
George  Duckett  Barber  Beaumont,  esq.  of  Lin* 
coln's-inn. 

At  Acomb,  near  York,  ag^  |5,  Edward-Boyd, 
third  son  of  P.  Hague,  esq.  H  J).M.  Consul,  Ning- 
po,  China. 

At  Somerstown,  Southsea,  Charlotte-Lney-Ann, 
wife  of  William  Nance,  esq. 

At  Chichester,  Henry  Newland,  esq.  solicitor, 
clerk  to  the  magistrates  of  that  city. 

At  Foxley-terrace,  Kensington,  aged  82,  Francis 
Place,  sen.  formerly  a  tailor  at  Charing  Cross,  and 
for  many  years  one  of  the  best  known  political 
characters  of  the  metropolis.  He  hega,xk  his  public 
life  in  1793,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  as  Secretary 
to  the  Constitutional  Association,  and  participated 
at  its  close  in  the  active  operations  of  the  Anti- 
Corn-Law  League,  and  in  the  Penny  Postage  agi- 
tation. He  was  generally  supposed  to  have  con- 
siderable influence  among  the  lower  classes  of  the 
electors  of  Westminster. 

At  Florence,  Lieut.-Col.  Charles  Plenderleath, 
C.B.  formerly  of  the  49th  Regt.  He  became  En- 
sign in  the  89th  Foot  17%,  Lieut.  49th  1797.  Cap- 
tain  1799,  M^jor  1806,  and  Lieut -Col.  1812.  He 
served  in  America,  and  received  a  medal  for  the 
action  of  Chrystlcr's  Farm,  1813. 

Aged  54,  Thos.  R utter,  esq.  of  Mitcham,  Surrey. 

At  his  residence,  Hessle,  near  Hull,  Edward 
Wallis,  esq. 

Jan.  2.  At  her  residence,  Bridge,  aged  84,  Ele- 
anor, relict  of  Thomas  Andrews,  esq.  of  Willcsbo- 
rough. 

Elizabeth,  6th  dan.  of  the  kite  Chas.  Battye,  esq. 

At  Porchester,  Hants,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Adm. 
Cumberland. 

Aged  95,  Mrs.  Sarali  Curds,  of  Chelmsford. 

At  Leamington,  John  Fletcher,  esq.  formerly  of 
Liverpool. 

At  Brixton,  William  Hall,  esq.  of  Wood-street. 

At  Torquay,  Catharine-Maria,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
W.  F.  Harrison,  Rector  of  Whiterbome  Bassett, 
Wilts,  dau.  of  J.  B.  Sladen,  esq.  Ripple  Court, 
Kent. 

At  Killarney,  Frances-Jane,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
Robert  Hewson,  M.A.  of  Ennismore  House,  Kerry, 
mother  of  the  Rev.  Frank  Hewson,  of  Hudacott, 
and  only  legitimate  dau.  of  Francis  Bland,  esq. 
father  of  the  celebrated  Mrs.  Jordan. 

In  Jermyn-st,  aged  69,  Edward  Laws,  esq.  of 
the  Royal  Dockyard,  Pembroke. 

At  Clapham-park,  Surrey,  aged  50,  Mary  Cater, 
wife  of  Geo.  Long,  of  Clapham-park,  and  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Ebeneser  Smith,  esq.  of  Chester- 
fleld. 

At  Bath,  aged  88,  Margaret,  widow  of  John 
Osborne,  esq.  of  Mclchet-park,  Hants. 

In  Limerick,  aged  59,  George  Pallia,  esq.  vete- 
rinary surgeon,  son  of  the  late  William  Pallis,  esq. 
ofDymchurdi. 

Aged  79,  Mr.  Thomas  Pymar,  for  nearly  sixty 
years  organist  of  Beocles. 

At  Manchester,  aged  86,  George,  son  of  Riduurd 
Simpson,  esq.  of  Douglas,  Isle  of  Man. 

At  West  Bihiey,  NorfeUc,  «g«d  34,  Robert  Ho- 


1854] 


Obituary. 


223 


ratio,  eldest  son  of  William  Walpole,  esq.  of  Bey- 
ton,  Bury  St.  Edmund's. 

Jan.  3.  At  Penryn,  aged  90,  Bridjj^EIlxabeth, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  William  Baker,  of  Gerrans, 
Cornwall. 

At  Elham.  aged  73,  John  Garland,  esq. 

At  Stratford-on-Aron,  Thomas-Deacle,  third  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Gill,  Rector  of  Avon  Das- 
sett,  Warwickshire. 

Aged  72,  Sophia- Anna,  widow  of  John  Milner, 
esq.  of  Chadwell-heath,  Essex. 

Aged  64,  Jane,  wife  of  Richard  Owens,  esq,  of 
Westboume-^ove  West,  Bayswater. 

Aged  81,  at  the  residence  of  her  son,  the  Chan- 
try, Bishop's  Stortford,  Mrs.  Sarah  Hodson,  relict 
of  Edward  Hodson,  esq.  formerly  of  Islington. 

At  Catherine  House,  Blackheath-road,  aged  G9, 
Miss  Elizabeth  Sophia  WUkins. 

Jan.  4.  Aged  72,  John  Alexander,  esq.  of  New- 
town Limavady,  co.  of  Londonderry,  and  Dorset- 
pi.  Dorset-sq. 

At  Hozelrigg,  near  Belford,  William  Bailey,  esq. 

At  Olive-mount,  Wavertree,  near  Liverpool, 
aged  69,  Charles  Barber,  esq. 

At  Guernsey,  aged  56,  Charles  Brownrigg,  esq. 
of  the  Ceylon  Civil  Service,  second  son  of  the  late 
Gen.  Sir  Robert  Brownrigg,  Bart.  G.C.B.  of  Hil- 
stone  House,  Monmouthshire. 

William-Lionel,  son  of  Edmund  De  Witt,  esq. 

At  Batli,  aged  78,  John  William  Hicks,  esq. 

In  Koseberry-pl.  Dalston,  aged  69,  Elizabeth- 
Frances,  wife  of  Capt.  William  James  Hughes,  R.N. 

At  Wrington,  Somerset,  aged  87,  Mary,  relict  of 
Samuel  Loscombe  James,  esq. 

At  Nantwich,  aged  74,  Anne,  relict  of  Richard 
Kent,  esq.  Surgeon  R.N. 

At  Pau,  in  consequence  of  a  tall  firom  his  horse, 
aged  54,  Richard  Torin,  esq.  of  Sanquhar  House, 
near  Forres,  formerly  of  Englefleld-green,  Surrey. 


Jan.  6.  At  Upper  Clapton,  aged  61,  SnsannA, 
widow  of  Francis  ae  Berckem,  esq. 

At  Pakyns  Manor,  HurstpierpoSnt,  Mary-Anne, 
wife  of  Nathaniel  Borrer,  eaq. 

At  Croydon,  aged  82,  Henry  Burtenshaw,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  80,  Emelia,  relict  of  Edmund 
Filmer,  esq.  Capt.  4th  Foot,  and  mother  of  Sir 
Edmund  Filmer,  Bart.  M.P.  for  West  Kent. 

In  Southampton-pl.  Euston-sq.  aged  55,  Elisa- 
beth-Ann, wife  of  Jeremiah  Waring  Finch,  esq.  of 
Staines. 

Aged  37,  Mary,  wife  of  David  Gray,  esq.  of  Hbl- 
loway,  and  Lincoln's-inn-fields. 

At  Whittlesea,  Isle  of  Ely,  aged  89,  Miss  Alice 
Johnson. 

At  Healing,  Lincolnsh.  Marion-Jemima,  widow 
of  Brigade-Major  Spearman,  R.  Art.  youngest  dan. 
of  the  late  James  Morton,  esq.  of  Bonan-hill,  co. 
Lanark,  and  last  surviving  sister  of  the  late  Agnes 
Spearman. 

At  Bishop's  Stortford,  aged  77,  Frederick  John 
Nash,  esq. 

At  Whimple,  Elizabeth  Brooke,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Buller  Pearse,  esq.  of  Honiton. 

Aged  73,  Emma,  relict  of  Capt.  Pedlar,  R.N. 

In  Bishopsgate-8t.  Without,  aged  61,  Thomas 
Porter,  esq.  M.D. 

At  Hastuigs,  aged  18,  Emlly-Louiiia,  second  dan. 
of  the  late  Frederick  Tanner,  esq.  formerly  of 
CoUeton-crescent,  Exeter. 

At  the  residence  of  John  Flint  South,  esq.  Black- 
heath,  aged  33,  John  Money  Wrench,  esq.  of  King 
William-st.  London,  and  of  Banstead,  Surrey,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  John  Wrench,  esq.  of  Camberwell. 

Jan.  14.  Of  puerperal  fever,  aged  28,  Sarah- 
Maria,  wife  of  Josepn  Lievesey,  esq.  of  Stourton 
Hall,  Line.  leaving  three  children ;  and  on  the 
19th,  of  scarlet  fever,  aged  41,  her  husband,  Joseph 
Lievesey,  esq.  High  Sheriff  of  Lincolnshire. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
(From  the  Returns  issued  by  the  Registrar 'General.) 


• 

Deaths  Registered 

Births 
Registered. 

Week  ending 

Saturday, 

Under 

15  to 

60  and 

Age  not 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

15. 

60. 

upwards. 

specified. 

1 

Dec.        24  . 

595 

477 

326 

1 

1399 

742 

657 

1545 

„      31  . 

700 

539 

387 

30 

1656 

861 

795 

1566 

Jan.           7  . 

656 

431 

353 

5 

1445 

!       704 

741 

1373 

M      14  . 

643 

448 

398 

7 

1496 

760 

736 

1768 

»      21  . 

505 

365 

309 

6 

1185 

607 

578 

1700 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Jan.  20. 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

s,    d. 

s.    d. 

s,    d. 

a,    d. 

9,    d. 

»,    d. 

78  10 

42    0   ' 

26    4 

47    7 

48     9 

51     9 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Jan.  23. 
Sassex  Pockets,  9/.  9«.  to  11/.  8#.— Kent  Pockets,  11/.  0«.  to  17/.  0#. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Jan.  23. 

Hay,  4/.  0*.  to  5/.  10».— Straw,  1/.  12#.  to  2/.  2#.— Clover,  4/.  15#.  to  6/.  Gs, 

SMITHFIELD,  Jan.  23.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81b8. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Jan.  23. 


Beef 3*.    2rf.  to  4#.    6rf. 

Mutton 3«.    2cf.  to  5#.    2d. 

Veal Zs,  10<f.  to  hs,    6d. 

Pork 38.    0d.to4a,  lOd. 


Beasts 4,513    Calves    61 

Sheep  and  Lambs   17,240   Pigs      S43 


COAL  MARKET,  Jan.  20. 
Walls  Ends,  &c.  35«.  Od.  to  44t.  Od.  per  ton.    Other  sorts,  30«.  Od.  to  40«.  Od. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  64#.  Od.     TeOow  Rofda,  64#.  6d, 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  GARY,  Strand. 
A'am  Dteimttr  26,  1853,  to  January  2i,  IS51,  both  inchitive. 


Fi.hr 

nheit'8  1 

herm 

li 

5Z 

i 

Fatonhe 

■^4  tt 

t'a  Therm. 

£■1 

IV' 

s 

:3 

Wcntber. 

«'!4^:pji 

Wcaiher. 

Bee. 

»   = 

IH.  l)t«. 

jliTi  '  !  =  !  °  iii.pts. 

as 

36  !  34 

31  !30,"09rcdy.soow,ni. 

11   ,  35      38      35    29,  79  I'cloudj,  rain 

27 

se     33 

28   29.  8G  "do. 

12      :i5  !  41      41        ,  74   'raio 

26      33 

2<> 

30,  01    fair,  snow 

J3  '  3G  ;  4.1   1  40  1     ,02  l.fair,  cloudy 

29 

25  1  31 

22 

,  17  ,  cloudy,  snow 

U     3B 

42      38  1     ,06    cloudy,  fair 

ao 

28  ,  31 

29 

29,  52  '  rn.  bry.  mow 

]3     3S 

40  '  40  1     ,  C5  'rain,  cloudy 

31 

22  1  31 

31 

,  41    di>.  enow 

16     40 

47  1  45  1     ,79  Icloudj 

J.  I 

22  i^ 

20 

17     42 

49      10   30,  01     do.  rain 

26      31 

20 

',20 

cloudy,  anew 

J8     43 

50  1  la  1     ,15  Ido. 

3 

20      31 

29 

.25 

do.  do. 

19     35 

39  1  41   '29,  09  Ido. 

4 

89      33 

33 

28,90 

do. 

20     44 

40      45  1     ,  05  (  raio,  fair 

3 

31      35 

3\ 

,88 

21   1  40 

IS     44       .  95    do.  do. 

G 

33     33 

sr 

29.  Oi 

22     30 

50     43  '30,  34 

cldj.  fair,  rn. 

7 

38     W 

42 

28,93 

23     30 

50  .  40  1    ,00 

dado. 

8 

'11     <\^ 

38 

29,01 

24     40 

46     W  '29,  57 

cldy.  lity.  rn. 

9 

3a     U 

S7 

,  12 

raio,  cloudy 

25     39     4fi     4,1    30,  1 1 

do.  rain 

JO 

39     10 

37 

,46 

cloudy 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


lf;?l 

■  g  I  ^^  ; 


■   951    5i    1 1    3  pm. 


31' 

m 

2218 

3|2i;, 

OH 

s| 

6,218 

i 

33 

9:219 

92) 

lll!l7i 

??t 

93 

93  i 

93} 

14  217 

93} 

l«217j 

94 

93i 

17|218 

53! 

18  2171 

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24  216 

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94i 111 

g3f  i|  I '11 

931' 1 j_ 


93|i- 


jlOD)  I 


•M  5 

*    5J 

92i ■ ■ 

m   5J  ' llo 

923  5J    '"Oi — 
ARNULL,  Stock 
3,  Copthsll 


Ei 

BUIs 

.£1000. 

8  pm 

Spm 

10  pm 

10  pm 

10  pm 

10  pm 

Upm 

10  pm 

11  pm 

10  pm 

lUpm 

10  pm 

10  pm 

10  pm. 

Upm 

12  pm 

__  Share  Broker, 
Chunben,  Angel  Court, 
Throgmorton  Street,  London. 


I,  25,  PAKLtAMENT  11 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

MARCH,  1854. 


CONTENTS. 

PA  OK 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— Mansion  of  the  Dennia  Family  at  Pucklechurch,  co.  Qlonc— 

Explanation  of  the  term  "  joiyng,"  or  Jouring—TmeBis  used  by  Herodotns— The  S«ptaagint       S96 

Lord  John  RusBell's  Life  of  Charles  James  Fox ^ 227 

Groiias  on  the  Rights  of  War  and  Peace 236 

Rhine-Land  and  its  Romance 240 

Early  Female  Asceticism— Paula  and  Eustochium 246 

The  Oxford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint    • 952 

Monuments  of  the  English  Republican  Refugees  in  the  Church  of  Vevay  in 

Switzerland    S60 

On  the  Character  of  Cervantes  and  his  Writings 264 

The  New  Patron  Saint  of  Amiens • 270 

Ruined  Cities  in  America 274 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.  — Origin  and  Antiquity  of  the  expression 
"  Merrie  England  "—Seal  recently  found  at  Youghal  {mth  an  Engraving.) — Emendation 
of  a  Passage  in  Shalcspere's  Coriolaniis    276 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Destination  of  the  Faussett  Collection  of  Anglo-Saxon  Antiquities— 
The  New  England  Historic  Genealogical  Society — The  Caerleon  Archseok^cal  Association 
—  The  Palestine  Archaeological  Society  —  The  Public  Records  of  Scotiand  —  Proposed 
School  of  Navigation— Conference  for  a  Universal  Alphabet — Anniversaries  of  the  Insti- 
tute of  Civil  Engineers  and  the  Chronol(^cal  Institute— Dr.  Layard — Sir  David  Brewster 
— Marochetti's  Statue  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion — Statue  of  Sir  Francis  Drake  at  Offenburg 
—Statue  of  Jefferson — Shrine  of  St.  Radegonde  of  Poitiers — Pictures  in  the  Council  House 
at  Bristol— Sale  of  Lord  Macartney's  IManuscripts — Sir  William  Betham's  MSS.— Messrs. 
Maw's  Encaustic  Tiles — Foreign  Literary  Intelligence 280 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.- Dr.  Wordsworth's  Notes  at  Paris,  284  ; 
Bungener's  France  before  the  Revolution,  286 ;  Memoir  of  Dr.  A.  Judson,  ib. ;  Memoir  of 
the  Rev.  Richard  Heme  Shepherd,  287  ;  Wickes's  Towers  and  Spires  of  England,  289 ; 
.Tenkinit  and  Cutts  on  Colchester  Castle,  290 :  Bell's  Annotated  Edition  of  the  English 
Poets— Dryden,  Surrey,  &c.  291 ;  Works  of  Dr.  Edward  Young,  with  Life  by  Dr.  Doran, 
293 ;  Routiedge's  Poets,  295 ;  Pictorial  Book  of  Ballad  Poetry,  t6. ;  The  Song  of  Roland, 
i6. ;  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Iacobin,  296  ;  Autobiography  of  William  Jordan,  ib. ;  Hill's  Essays 
on  Jnvenile  Delinquency,  ib. ;  WHlich's  new  Succt^ou  and  L^;acy  Duty  Tables,  297  ; 
Curiosities  of  Bristol  and  its  Neighbourhood 297 

ANTiqUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  298  ;    The  Archfleological  Institute,    " 

299 ;  British  Archreological  Association,  300 ;  Numismatic  Society 802 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News 304 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  305 ;  Births,  307  ;  3Iarriages   30^ 

OBITUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  General  Lord  Beresford ;  General  Sir  Alexander  Mackenzie, 
Bart. ;  General  Sir  Thomas  Bradford ;  General  Sir  Augustus  De  Butts ;  Admiral  Nesham ; 
Rear-Admiral  Ramsden  ;  Major-General  T.  W.  Taylor,  C.B.;  Hon.  Robert  Henry  Cllve,  M.P.; 
Richard  Hanbunr  Gumey,  Esq. ;  E.  C.  Lister  Kay,  Esq. ;  William  Rickford,  Esq. ;  William 
Pawson,  Esq. ;  W.  A.  Roberts,  Esq. ;  Charles  John  Tindal,  Esq. ;  Rev.  F.  A.  Cox,  D.D. ; 
Kev.  William  Jay ;  Benj.  Lewis  Vulliamy,  Esq. ;  Dr.  (Jrotefend ;  Francis  Arundale,Esq. ; 
Mr.  .James  S.  Storer ;  J.  Van  Eycken  ;  Mr.  Charles  Barber ;  Mr.  Philip  Klitz  311— 328 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order   328 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  .335;   Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 33C 


By   SYLVANUS  URBAN,   Gbnt. 


226 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mr.  Urban, — Records  of  what  exists 
no  longer  are  as  much  within  the  pro- 
Tince  of  archaeology  as  those  of  what  is 
still  existing.  The  ancient  mansion  of 
the  Dennis  family  at  Puckleohurch,  in 
Gloacestershire,  long  desecrated  to  the 
uses  of  a  school,  was  pulled  down,  and 
its  materials  sold  and  dispersed,  in  De- 
cember last.  It  is  alluded  to  in  the  His- 
tory of  the  County  by  Atkyns,  and  par- 
tially noticed  by  Rudder,  but  of  the  in- 
terior nothing  is  said.  There  was  a  good 
oak  staircase,  and  some  rich  paneling, 
and  there  were  also  two  elaborately  carved 
chimney-pieces,  but  these  latter  were 
much  mutilated.  Drawings  of  the  whole 
have,  however,  beeft  preserved,  and  are,  I 
believe,  still  in  the  possession  of  Messrs. 
Trinder  and  Eyre,  1,  John  Street,  Bed- 
ford Row.  On  one  appears  the  coat  of 
Dennis  impaling  two  bars ;  over  all  an 
eagle  displayed   double-headed    (Speke). 

On  one  side  are  the  initials  i  m  ;  on  the 
other  the  date  1652.  This  is  remarkable, 
inasmuch  as  the  initials  and  date  are 
commemorative  of  John  Dennis  the  son, 
while  the  arms  are  those  of  Henry  Dennis 
the  father.  The  latter  married  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Sir  George  Speke,  of  White- 
Lackington,  co.  Somerset,  K.B.  and  died 
in  1638.  The  former  married  Maria, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  Still,  of  Hutton, 
CO.  Somerset,  son  of  Bishop  Still,  and 
died  in  1660,  aged  forty-one  ;  and  on  the 
second  chimney-piece  appear  his  arms, 
viz. :  Dennis,  impaling,  Ermine,  three 
roses,  two  and  one  (Still).  The  eldest 
daughter  and  co-heir  of  William  Dennis, 
the  son  (as  we  believe)  of  John,  and  the 
last  owner  of  that  ancient  family  seat, 
who  died  in  1701,  married  a  Mr.  Butler, 
of  Ireland,  and  sold  the  property. 

Yours,  &c.  L. 

Mr.  Urban, — By  the  courtesy  of  your 
correspondent  J.  B.  I  have  been  enabled 
to  consult  the  document  containing  the 
strange  word  "joryng,"  to  which  I 
alluded  in  the  few  observations  I  made  on 
the  Duke  of  Richmond's  Council,  in  a 
former  number,  p.  50.  I  certainly  find  the 
word  there  as  he  printed  it— "joryng;" 
but  I  beg  to  submit  a  very  different 
meaning  to  that  which  he  assigned  to  it. 
He  interpreted  it  "  swearing,"  but  I  sug- 
gest its  meaning  to  be  that  of  "  a  daily 
sitting,"  from  the  common  word  "jour.'* 
Every  member  of  the  Council  was  paid 
for  the  days  of  his  attendance,  sitting  or 
jouring  in  council,  exactly  on  the  same 
principle  that  many  of  the  directors  of 
commercial  companies  are  now  remune- 


rated, and  as  all  the  members  of  the  legis- 
lative assemblies  of  the  colonies  of 
America  were  paid  before  the  Indepen- 
dence of  the  United  States.  This  view  of 
the  meaning  of  the  word  is  confirmed  by 
the  document  itself,  where  a  synonym 
leads  to  its  true  signification.  Opposite 
to  the  enumeration  of  the  names  of  cer- 
tain members  of  the  Duke's  Council,  is 
this  statement  of  the  pay  assigned  to 
them  : — 

•*  Every  of  theis  hadde  4".  by  the  day 
for  hym  selfe  and  12'*.  for  every  of  ther 
servauntes  in  the  tyme  of  joryng  or  set- 
ting in  the  causes  of  justyce." 
With  thanks  to  your  correspondent  J.  B. 
I  remain  yours,  &c.  R.  L. 

Mr.  Urban, — Allow  me  to  refer  your 
correspondent  Mr.  Yipan  (p.  161)  to  a 
note  on  the  English  translation  of  Mat- 
thiie's  Greek  Grammar,  5th  ed.  p.  1117. 
"  The  true  nature  of  this  tmesis  of  a  com- 
pounded verb  with  Zvf  was  first  explained 
by  Mr.  Cogan  in  Dr.  Aikin*s  Athenaeum, 
vol.  i.  p.  478.  It  takes  place  only  with 
the  aorist  when  used  in  the  frequentative 
sense  ;  »<r'  Zt  ihvr^, "  they  are  accustomed 
to  selL"  This  will  sufficiently  explain 
why  present  tenses  are  intermixed  with 
the  aorist  so  used  ;  the  present  having  a 
frequentative  sense.  In  two  passages 
quoted  by  Mr.  Yipan  (Her.  1,  132,  3, 
138),  there  is  no  tmesis  nor  is  the  sense 
frequentative.  In  Aristophanes, Ran.  1048, 
there  is  a  tmesis^  and  the  sense  is  frequen- 
tative, Bacchus  having  fallen  more  than 
once  or  twice  under  the  power  of  the  other 
divinity.  Yours,  &c.     John  Kknrick. 

J.  T.  M.  says,  with  reference  to  a  para- 
graph at  p.  114,  and  the  article  on  the 
Christian  Knowledge  Society's  Septuagiut, 
the  LXX.  of  Bagster's  Polyglott  (1«21) 
omits  the  apocryphal  books,  and  conse- 
quently copies  are  interleaved  with  the 
Hebrew.  This  is  exactly  in  the  spirit  of 
your  Reviewer's  suggestions,  or  rather  in 
anticipation  of  them.  Mr.  B.  has  issued 
a  separate  edition  of  those  books,  which 
is  noticed  in  Gent.  Mag.  Jan.  1853,  p.  64. 

In  p.  254  of  our  present  Number,  col.  2, 
the  statement  that  "  the  transpositions  of 
Jeremiah  were  not  rectified,"  is  an  error : 
Bishop  Pearson  arranged  the  chapters 
according  to  the  Hebrew. 


February,  p.  114,  col.  2,  I.  11,  place  a 
comma  between  St.  James's,  and  oohoe  ; 
1.  15,  Hogsdetif  is  Hoxton  Square,  in 
Shoreditch  parish;  and  at  1.  17y  for 
"  calves  "  read  **  cakes.'  P.  167,  IL  6  and 
16,  for  '<  Jublanis  *'  read  *<  Jublains ;"  and 
I.  7,  for  **  DiabliDzes  "  read  "  Diablintes." 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


▲NI> 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


LIFE  OF  CHARLES  JAMES  FOX,  1749-1799. 

Memorials  and  Correspondence  of  Charles  James  Fox.   Edited  by  Lord  John  RnssdL 

3  Tols.  8vo.    Bentlej. 


DEATH  has  impressed  upon  this 
work  a  curious  rather  than  a  pleasing 
form.  It  was  b^un  by  Lord  Hol- 
land. On  his  death  it  was  conti- 
nued bj  Mr.  Allen.  On  Mr.  Allen's 
death  it  came  into  the  possession  of 
Lord  John  Russell,  who  has  now  pub- 
lished it  with  an  array  of  initials, 
brackets,  and  asterisks,  which  assign 
to  each  of  the  successiTe  labourers  the 
passages  for  which  he  is  responsible. 
An  arrangement  so  unusual,  and  so 
Inelegant,  nas  one  advantaffe.  It  gives 
us  the  benefit  of  Lord  John  Russell's 
comments  on  the  labours  of  his  prede- 
cessors, and,  in  that  way,  on  some  of  the 
most  imjportant  and  the  most  debate- 
able  actions  of  the  great  subject  of  all 
their  labours.  We  shall  hereafter  hare 
occasion  to  shew  that  these  comments 
arc  as  much  distinguished  by  candour 
as  by  freedom. 

The  fatnily  of  Fox,  ''  notwithstand- 
ing," remarks  Lord  Holland,  "some 
little  venial  endearours  to  conceal  the 
fact,**  was  of  recent  and  humble  origin. 
Stephen  Fox,  a  **  young  man  bred,"  says 
Lord  Clarendon,  "under  the  severe 
discipline  of  Lord  Percy  now  Lord 
Chamberlain,"  was  appointed,  in  1652, 
to  the  general  management  of  the 
finances  of  Charles  11.  whilst  an  exile. 
The  "  young  man  was  verv  well  quali- 
fied with  languages,  and  all  other  parts 
of  clerkship,  honesty  and  discretion," 
and  executed  his  tmst  with  so  "  great 
industry,  modesty,  and  prudence,"  as 
to  acquire  an  eminent  d^ee  of  con- 
sideration in  the  royal  household. 
After  the  Restoration,  the  lacratiye 


office  of  paymaster  of  the  forces  soon 
yielded  hun  a  large  fortune,  wluch  it 
appears  from  Pepys  he  was  CfureM  to 
increase,  as,  for  example,  by  selliitt 
land  and  "putting  out   the  proceeds 
at  the  even  then  unwonted  interest  bf 
ten  per  cent,  per  annum.   Nor  did  Sir 
Stephen — ^for  ne  was  knighted  in  1660 
— ^neglect  in  fiis  own  household  those 
humbler  virtues  of  prudence  and  good 
management  which  ne  had  introduoed 
with  such  excellent  effect  into  the  esta* 
blishment  of  his  careless,  spenddirift 
sovereign.    Pepys  describes  Fox  him- 
self as  "  a  very  fine  gentleman,'*  and 
his  wife  who,  as  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Whit- 
tle, had  been  an  old  acquaintance,  if 
not  a  flame,  of  the  Diarist,  as  "  a  vdry 
fine  lady  and  mother  to  fine  children. 
Fox  was  one  of  Pepys's  guests  at  his  first 
dinner  in  the  Navy  Office.    The  feast 
cost  him,  as  he  tells  us,  "above 51., 
and  merry  we  were— only  ikiy  chimnojr 
smokes !    To  bed,  being  elsid  that  the 
trouble  is  over."    Fox's  dinners  elidt 
the  admiration  of  Pepys,  and  it  is  evi- 
dent from  "the  special  company **  he 
met  at  the  paymaster's,  that  the  clerk 
of  the  acts  looked  up  to  Sir  Stephen  as 
livins  in  the  best  society,  and  enjoyinj| 
all  we  comforts  of  a  well-regulated 
home.    James  II.  dismissed  him  from 
his  employment,  and  forbade  him  the 
courts  for  daring  to  give  an  uncom- 

Eliant  vote  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
ut  these  penalties  of  honesty  neither 
destroyed  his  health  nor  his  fortune. 
In  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  and  at  the 
age  of  77,  he  married  a  second  time^ 
and  died  in  1716  at  the  age  of  89> 


L'28 


Life  of  Charles  James  Pox,  1749—1792.  [March, 


Sir  Stephen  is  entitled  to  the  honour, 
oflt^n  assigned  to  Nell  Gwynne,  who 
perhaps  threw  out  the  idea,  of  being 
the  real  projector  of  Chelsea  Hospital. 
He  contributed  to  the  design  above 
13,000Z. ;  and  this  was  but  one  of  very 
many  acts  of  munificent  charity.  In 
his  liberality,  his  money-getting,  and 
in  some  particular  incidents  of  his  life, 
he  resembled  another  of  Charles  n.*s 
foreign  household,  Tobias  Hustat,  and, 
if  a  story  which  appears  in  these  pages 
respecting  his  second  marriage  be  cor- 
rect, he  possessed  also  some  of  the  sly 
practical  humour  which  is  said  to  have 
distinguished  the  art-loving  and  Stuart- 
loving  Tobias.  Sir  Stephen's  second 
wife  was  a  Mbs  Hope,  to  whom  he  had 
been  godfather.  She  was  the  child  of 
a  poor  clergyman.  For  some  time 
their  marriage  was  kept  a  secret.  The 
lady  was  still  living  in  the  capacity  of 
companion  with  the  wife  of  Sir  Ste- 

I)hen's  only  surviving  son  Charles.  A 
etter  arrived  at  the  house  addressed  to 
"Lady  Fox."  It  became  a  subject  of 
speculation  and  wonderment.  It  was 
in  the  handwriting  of  Sir  Stephen,  who 
had  been  then  a  widower  for  eight 
years.  For  whom  could  it  be  intended  ? 
Forth  stepped  "Miss  Hope,"  and  added 
to  the  astonishment  by  claiming  the 
letter,  and,  by  consequence,  her  aged 
bridegroom,  and  her  honours ! 

I'here  were  four  children  by  Sir 
Stephen's  second  marriage,  two  sons 
and  two  daughters.  The  second  son, 
born  in  1705,  was  Henry,  afterwards 
the  first  Lord  Holland,  and  father  of 
Charles  James  Fox.  The  mother  of 
the  great  Whig  statesman  (by  a  stolen 
match)  was  Lady  Gcorgina  Caroline 
Lennox,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Duke 
of  Richmond.  Henry  Fox  held  in 
quick  succession  many  ofifices  in  the 
government,  and  was  unciuestionably 
a  man  of  very  considerable  practical 
talent,  which  was  set  off  by  infinite 
good  temper.  But,  conjoined  with 
these  excellent  Qualities,  were  others 
which  threw  a  shade  over  his  whole 
character,  and  compel  us  to  conclude, 
that  his  example  as  a  parent,  and  the 
influence  which  in  that  character  he 
was  likely  to  exercise  over  the  mind 
of  a  clever  boy  like  his  son  Charles, 
must  have  been  in  the  highest  degree 
prejudicial.  Public  virtue,  principle 
of  any  kind,  or  even  regularity  in  money 
transactions  (a  quality  which  one  might 


have  hoped  he  would  have  inherited 
from  his  accurate  and  methodical 
father),  were  properties  which  Henry 
Fox  never  made  a  pretence  of  possess- 
ing ;  he  was  even  apt  to  turn  into  ridi- 
cme  those  happier  men  in  whom  they 
were  found.  Expensive  in  his  tastes 
and  habits,  given  to  the  most  costly 
pleasures,  or  rather  vices,  of  the  day, 
and  especially  to  that  vice  of  vices, 
gambling,  one  can  scarcely  imagine  a 
person  less  fitted  to  guide  the  studies 
or  form  the  character  of  a  youthful 
statesman, — any  one  from  whom  there 
could  be  imbibed  a  greater  mass  of 
mental  aliment  which,  if  there  were  to 
be  any  peace,  or  happiness,  or  respect- 
ability in  after  life,  it  was  necessary  to 
forswear,  forsake,  and  even  to  forget. 
In  excuse  for  Lord  Holland  it  must 
not  be  forgotten  that  he  lost  his  father, 
and  the  oenefit  of  parental  control, 
when  at  the  age  of  ten. 

Charles  James  Fox  was  born  in 
Conduit  Street  on  the  24th  January, 
1748-9.  His  quickness  began  to  shew 
itself  even  at  the  very  earliest  age,  and 
was  appreciated  by  his  parents  as  none 
but  parents  can  appreciate  the  good 
qualities  of  their  children.  It  was  re- 
warded, as  is  too  commonly  the  case, 
with  excessive  indulgence ;  that  kind 
of  foolish  indulgence  which  operates  in 
every  way  injuriously,  and  peculiarly 
so  when  parents  are  surrounded  by 
persons  anxious  to  obtain  their  favour. 
Such  persons  court  the  parents  by 
out-heroding  the  parental  indulgence 
and  flattery  of  the  children,  who  con- 
sequently never  hear  the  truth,  nor 
are  ever  taught  the  customary  lessons 
of  self-control.  Such  was  tlie  infancy 
and  youth  of  Charles  James  Fox.  His 
early  manhood  exhibited  the  results. 

At  the  age  of  seven  he  was  sent,  or, 
in  the  language  of  his  father,  "he 
determined  to  go,"  to  a  preparatory 
school  at  Wandsworth,  Kept  by  a 
Frenchman  of  the  name  of  Pampel- 
lonne.  After  two  years  he  passed  to 
Eton,  where  he  was  assisted  in  his  les- 
sons by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Francis,  the 
translator  of  Horace,  and  father  of  the 
Junius  Sir  PhUip.  In  1763  "the fond- 
ness and  mistaken  indulgence  of  his 
father  took  him  from  school  and  car- 
ried him  first  to  Paris  and  then  to  Spa." 
After  four  months*  idleness  and  in- 
struction in  foreign  vice,  he  returned, 
by  his  own  choice,  to  Eton,  where  the 


1 854.]            Life  of  Charles  James  ^ox,  1749—1792.  229 

reception  of  the  young  traveller  was  he  was  little  more  than  twenty  yeai*s 

anything  but  flattering.  of  age. 

He  was  quizzed  by  the  boys,  rallied  by  ^^  *^®  ^^™e  of  his  return  to  parlia- 
Dr.  Bernard  the  head  master,  and  actually  ment  he  was  evidently  a  gay,  light- 
flogged  while  fresh  from  the  brilliant  so-  hearted,  and  good-tempered  young  fel- 
ciety  he  had  jast  quitted.  At  Spa  he  had  low,  well  skilled  in  French  and  Italian, 
been  initiated  in  play;  and  his  father  is  competently  acquainted  with  Latin  and 
said  to  have  instigated  and  encouraged  Greek,  fond  of  society,  a  lover  of  active 
liim  in  a  propensity  which  became  the  exercise,  a  great  walker,  and,  above  all 
source  of  much  future  unhappiness  to  things,  passionately  attached  to  acting 
J*'  in  private  theatricals.  The  ability  he 
In  October  1764,  Fox  was  trans-  displayed  in  this  last  accomplishment 
ferred  from  Eton  to  Oxford,  where  he  was  probably  one  of  the  main  grounds 
was  entered  of  Hertford  College  (since  upon  which  his  friends  anticipated  his 
extinct)  in  order  that  he  might  be  success  in  parliament,  and  there  is  no 
under  the  care  of  Dr.  afterwards  Arch-  doubt  that  whilst  the  practice  of  speak- 
bishop  Newcome.  He  finally  lefl  Ox-  ing  in  plays  was  to  a  certain  extent  a 
ibrd  jn  the  spring  of  1766.  Both  at  preparation  for  debate,  tie  course  of 
school  and  college  his  reputation  was  reading  into  which  he  was  led  by  his 
established  for  very  extraordinary  fondness  for  theatricals,  not  only  made 
quickness  and  vigour  of  intellect ;  and  him  critical  in  language,  but  stored  his 
Lord  Holland  has  been  at  some  pains  mind  and  memory  with  many  passages 
to  collect  evidence  that  he  at  that  pe-  of  which  in  after  life  his  use  was  most 
riod  of  his  life  exhibited  considerable  felicitous.  Lord  Holland  mentions  that 
powers  of  application.  But  his  inherent  he  had  heard  Mr.  Fox  say  that  there 
excellences  were  all  interfered  with  was  no  play  extant  written  and  pub- 
by  injudicious  management  at  home,  lished  before  the  Restoration  whicli  he 
Every  great  sight  was  esteemed  cause  had  not  read  attentively.  But,  in  truth, 
enough  to  withdraw  him  from  studv  ;  whatever  had  been  Fox's  selected  course 
ftyirs  were  entertained  lest  over-appli-  of  life  he  would  have  succeeded.  He 
cation  should  injure  the  health  of  a  possessed  that  determination  to  do 
young  gentleman  who  could  walk  from  everything  well,  which  is  thfe  secret 
Oxford  to  London  on  a  sultry  sum-  and  sure  foundation  of  excellence, 
nier's  day,  and  even  the  pleasures  of  Upon  this  subject  Lord  Holland  makes 
u  trip  with  his  sisters  to  Paris,  from  the  following  remarks  :— 
April  to  July,  were   thought  of  too 

much  moment  to  be  sacrificed  to  the  This  propensity  to  labour  at  excellence, 
jealous  demands  of  his  Oxford  alma  even  in  his  amuseiEjnts,  distinguished  him 
"L  .  throughout  bfe.  Not  only  would  he  turn 
,,  *  CI  i  t-  i^/^/»  X  xi_  the  terse,  in  every  jeu  d 'esprit  of  his  com- 
Irom  September  1766  to  near  the  position,  fifty  ways,  but  at  every  little 
eiidol  1768  he  was  absent  in  i?  ranee  diversion  or  employment— chess,  cards, 
Jiiid  Italy,  passing  two  winters  in  the  carving  at  dinner— would  he  exercise  his 
latter  country,  and  visiting  Voltaire,  faculties  with  wonderful  assiduity  and  at- 
the  great  literary  lion  of  tne  day,  at  tention  till  he  had  attained  the  degree  of 
Ferney,  on  his  return  towards  home,  perfection  he  aimed  at.  It  was  this  pecu- 
In  the  meantime  his  father,  who  had  liarity  which  led  him,  many  years  after- 
conceived  a  high  idea  of  his  talents  as  wards,  when  asked  how  he  contrived,  being 
an  orator,  had  purchased  the  borough  ^o  corpulent,  to  pick  up  the  cut  balls  at 
of  Midhurst,  and  procured  him  to  be  *«"°«  J°  ^^"'  *^  *°^^«.'^'  playfully,  -  Be- 

returned  to  narliament      The  oarlia-  *^^'^  ^  ^^  *  ^^'^JT  painstaking  man."  * 

returnea  to  parliament,     ine  pariia-  g^  ^j^^  ^^  j^.^  appointment  to  the  Secre- 

inent  met  on  the  10th  May,  1768,  but  ^^     ^ip  of  SUte  in  1782,  piqued  at  an  ob- 

the  young  member  being  then  abroad  gervation  on  hU  bad  writing,  he  actually 

did  not  take  his  seat  until  probably  took  a  writing-master  and  wrote  copies 

January  1768-9.    His  first  speech  was  like  a  schoolboy.     In  the  same  spirit, 

made  on  the  9th  March,  1768-9,  when  when  he  determined    on   living    in  the 


*  Cut  balls  are  balls  which  pass  just  over  the  net,  and  do  not  rise  high  above  the 
floor  of  the  tennis-court.  It  was  Lord  Holland  who  asked  Mr.  Fox  this  question. 
The  answer  is  only  valuable  as  showing  that  in  no  art  is  excellence  attained  without 
labour.  J.  R. 


230 


Life  of  Charles  James  Fox,  174U— 1792.  [March, 


country,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  practi- 
cal work  of  a  gardener  ;  and,  in  like  man- 
ner, in  order  to  qualify  himself  for  carv- 
ing, he  used  to  have  a  small  book  of  in- 
structions of  that  art  at  table,  and  ex- 
ecuted the  problems  laid  down  in  the  en- 
gravings. 

As  to  politico,  he  knew  little  about 
them.  He  was  ignorant  of  the  state  and 
wants  of  the  nation,  and  of  course  had 
never  formed  any  opinions  as  to  the 
policy  by  which  they  were  to  be  reme- 
died. He  went  into  parliament  to  make 
a  display  and  acquire  a  name — ho  threw 
himself  naturany  into  the  party  to 
which  his  father  was  attached — he  im- 
bibed all  their  low  and  narrow  views — 
he  looked  up,  as  his  father  did,  to  stars 
and  ribbons  as  the  most  enviable  of 
human  distinctions,  and  in  pursuit  of 
them  he  was  prepared  to  go  all  lengths, 
not  only  against  Wilkes,  but  against  all 
friends  of  liberty  or  patriotism.  Lord 
Chatham  not  excepted.  His  maiden 
speech  was  made,  ns  we  have  said,  on  the 
9th  March,  1768-9.  This  was  merely 
a  few  words  on  a  point  of  order.  On 
the  14th  April  he  spoke  in  support  of 
the  expulsion  of  Wilkes,  and  on  the 
8th  May  in  reply  to  Burke  and  We<l- 
derburne,  in  favour  of  the  return  of 
Colonel  Luttrell  lor  Mi«ldlesex.  This 
third  speech  told  extremely  well.  Sir 
Kichard  Heron  says,  that  the  young 
orator  "  made  a  great  figure  .  .  .  spoke 
with  great  spirit,  in  very  parliamentary 
language,  and  entered  very  deeply  into 
the  question  of  constitutional  princi- 
ples. Horace  Walpole  admits  that 
he  "  answered  Burke  with  great  quick- 
ness and  parts,  but,"  he  adds,  "  with 
confidence  equally  premature."  His 
father.  Lord  Holland,  writes,  in  great 
delight,  that  Charles  spoke  "  extremely 
well.  It  was  all  off-hand,  all  argu- 
mentative .  .  .  and  excessively  well  in- 
deed. 1  hear  it  spoke  of  by  every 
body  as  a  most  extraordinary  thing." 

His  father's  description  of  his  "  ofl- 
hand"  mode  of  speaking  will  enable  us 
to  introduce  another  valuable  quota- 
tion from  Lord  Holland,  as  to  the  way 
in  which  Fox's  customary  style  of  ora- 
tory was  influenced  by  his  early  pas- 
sion for  theatricals. 

Perhaps  his  practice  of  actiug  was  not 
less  useful  to  him  as  an  orator  in  the  mo- 
dulation of  his  voice.  His  delivery  was 
indeed  too  natural  and  too  rapid  to  con- 
vey to  a  common  observer  any  appearance 


of  art.  Yet  the  power  of  expressing  pas- 
sion by  the  tones  of  his  voice  had  no 
doubt  been  brought  to  perfection  by  his 
exertions  on  the  stage.  For,  notwith- 
standing some  unpleasing  shrillness,  unhar- 
monious  cadences,  and  occasional  screams 
beyond  the  scope  of  his  organ,  he  pos- 
sessed the  faculty  of  touching  the  heart 
by  his  voice  without  deviating  into  any 
thing  like  theatrical  display,  beyond  any 
orator  I  ever  heard  in  public.  His  deep 
tones,  which  occurred  very  rarely,  and 
very  shortly,  and  only  in  solemn  appeals 
to  the  feelings  and  justice  of  his  audience, 
had  the  most  thrilling  effect,  and  could 
scarcely  have  been  attained  by  any  one 
who  had  not  disciplined  his  voice,  at  tome 
period  of  his  life,  to  such  a  purpose  by 
the  recital  of  sublime  or  impassioned  pai- 
sages  of  poetry.  It  was,  indeed,  if  not  a 
peculiar,  a  striking  feature  in  Mr.  Fox'a 
oratory,  that  it  bore  along  with  it,  as  it 
flowed  naturally  from  him,  a  great  variety 
of  manner  as  well  as  matter. 

The  parliamentary  recess  of  1769 
was  an  unfortunate  ajra  in  the  life  of 
Charles  James  Fox.  He  and  one  of 
his  brothers  accompanied  his  father 
and  mother,  with  an  invalid  aunt,  to 
the  continent.  Their  intention  was  to 
have  gone  direct  to  the  South  of 
France,  but  on  arriving  at  Paris  the 
invalid  became  much  worse,  and  finally 
died.  This  occasioned  a  stay  of  seve- 
ral months  in  dissolute  Paris,  at  that 
time  in  the  very  height  and  extrava- 
gance of  its  pre-revolution  madness  of 
vicious  excess.  The  Foxes  were  every 
where  received  with  open  doors,  and 
all  the  more  so  that  they  entered  deeply 
into  the  fashionable  vices  by  whicn 
they  were  surrounded.  All  of  them 
were  delighted  with  their  reception, 
but  they  bought  the  hospitality  which 
so  pleased  them  at  aii  enormous  sacri- 
fice. Charles's  losses  at  play  were  es- 
pecially remarked  as  excessive. 

On  his  return  to  England  the  love 
of  play  seemed  to  have  Tired  his  blood, 
and  for  several  years  he  delivered  him- 
self up  entirely  to  the  daily  and  nightly 
excitements  of  the  gambling  table  and 
the  debate.  In  tlie  latter  he  shone 
more  and  more,  and  gained  continually 
on  the  favour  of  the  House.  Even 
Walpole  is  compelled  to  note  that 
"  the  House  roared  with  applause " 
when  young  Fox  outfaced  Wedder- 
burne  with  law  cases,  and  that  the 
young  Lord  of  the  Admiralty  (for  he 
was  appointed  to  that  office  early  in 


1834.] 


Life  of  Charles  James  Fox,  1749 — 1792. 


231 


1770)  "  the  phenomenon  of  the  age," 
as  he  terms  him,  gave  as  much  satis- 
faction to  Lord  North  as  he  did  dis- 
gust to  the  Opposition,  by  the  great 
talents  he  brought  to  bear  in  defence 
of  the  measures  of  the  court.  The 
other  side  of  his  character  is  not  left 
without  its  due  illustration  by  the  same 
lively  chronicler. 

As  the  gaming  and  extravagance  of  young 
men  of  quality  had  arrived  now  at  a  pitch 
never  lieard  of,  it  is  worth  while  to  give 
some  account  of  it.  They  had  a  club  at 
Almack's  in  Pall  Mall,  where  they  played 
only  for  rouleaus  of  50/.  each,  and  gene- 
rally there  was  10,000/.  in  specie  on  the 
table.  Lord  Holland  had  paid  above 
20,000/.  for  his  two  sons.  Nor  were  the 
manners  of  the  gamesters,  or  even  their 
dresses  for  play,  undeserving  notice.  They 
began  by  pulling  off  their  embroidered 
clothes  and  put  on  frieze  great  coats,  or 
turned  their  coats  inside  outwards  for 
lack.  They  put  on  pieces  of  leather  (such 
as  are  worn  by  footmen  when  they  clean 
knives)  to  save  their  laced  ruffles ;  and  to 
guard  their  eyes  from  the  light,  and  to 
prevent  tumbling  their  hair,  wore  high- 
crowned  straw  hats,  with  broad  brims 
and  adorned  with  flowers  and  ribbons  ; 
masks  to  conceal  their  emotions  when 
they  played  at  quinze.  Each  gamester 
had  a  small  neat  stand  by  him,  to  hold 
their  tea,  or  a  wooden  bowl  with  an  edge 
of  or-molu  to  hold  their  rouleaus.  They 
borrowed  great  sums  of  Jews  at  exorbitant 
premiums.  Charles  Fox  called  his  out- 
ward room,  where  those  Jews  waited  till 
he  rose,  his  Jerusalem  Chamber. 

The  sum  mentioned  by  Horace  Wal- 
pole,  as  advanced  by  Lord  Holland  for 
"  his  two  sons,"  was  but  a  trifle  in 
comparison  with  what  he  ultimately 
paid  for  Charles  alone.  In  1773  Fox  s 
])ecuniary  embarrassments  reached 
their  climax.  At  Newmarket — for 
card-playing  and  horse-racing  went 
generally  together  —  he  was  usually 
successful,  but  nothing  could  counter- 
balance his  losses  at  Almack^s.  Lord 
Egremont  informed  Lord  Holland,  in 
1823,  that  he  was  convinced, 

by  reflection,  aided  by  his  subsequent  ex- 
perience of  the  world,  that  there  was  at 
that  time  some  unfair  confederacy  among 
some  of  the  players,  and  that  the  great 
losers,  especially  Mr.  Fox,  were  actually 
duped  and  cheated.  He  should,  he  said, 
have  been  torn  to  pieces  and  stoned  by  the 
losers  themselves  for  hinting  such  a  thing 
at  the  time ;  and  even  now  those  of  them, 
himself  excepted,    who   survived,    would 


exclaim  at  such  a  supposition ;  but  he  was 
nevertheless  satisfied,  that  the  immoderate, 
constant,  and  unparalleled  advantages  over 
Charles  Fox,  and  other  young  men,  were 
not  to  be  accounted  for  merely  by  the  dif- 
ference of  passing  or  holding  the  box,  or 
the  hazard  of  the  dice.  He  had  indeed  no 
suspicions  (any  more  than  the  rest  had)  at 
the  time,  but  he  had  thought  it  much  over 
since,  and  he  now  had. 

The  resources  of  Fox*s  "  Jerusalem 
Chamber"  came  at  last  to  an  end. 
Granting  annuities  was  no  longer  avail- 
able. The  chances  of  play  were  so  con- 
stantly adverse  that  the  annuities  which 
had  been  already  granted  were  fall- 
ing into  arrear.  Duns  were  clamorous, 
credit  was  gone,  and  the  world  rang 
with  tales  of  Fox*s  extravagance  and 
dissipation.  At  this  time  his  father 
purchased  him  a  partial  relief  by  buy- 
ing up  his  annuities,  which  was  done 
to  the  extent  of  140,000/. 

At  this  very  time,  when  all  the  pru- 
dent people  in  the  world  shook  their 
heads  at  him,  and  careful  men  but- 
toned up  their  pockets  if  they  did  but 
chance  to  meet  him  in  the  street, 
Charles  Fox  resigned  his  office  rather 
than  concur  in  the  new  Royal  Mar- 
riage Bill,  brought  in  upon  the  express 
command  of  George  III.  "  I  expect," 
wrote  the  King  to  Lord  North,  "  every 
nerve  to  be  strained  to  carry  the  bill. 
It  is  not  a  question  relating  to  admi- 
nistration, but  personally  to  myself; 
therefore  I  have  a  right  to  expect  a 
hearty  support  from  every  one  m  my 
service,  and  I  shall  remember  de- 
faulters." The  royal  promise  was  not 
broken.  Fox  was  "  remembered  " 
with  implacable  and  constantly  in- 
creasing aversion. 

But  Fox's  opposition  to  this  parti- 
cular bill  was  not  considered  by  others, 
nor  intended  by  himself,  as  a  prelude 
to  his  going  into  general  opposition  to 
the  administration  of  Lord  North.  It 
brought  upon  him  the  dislike  of  the 
king,  but  his  talents  were  needed  by 
the  minister,  and,  the  Marriage  Biu 
once  passed.  Fox  rejoined  the  admi- 
nistration as  one  of  the  Lords  of  the 
Treasury.  But  he  now  proved  a  very 
unmanageable  subordinate.  In  a  cri- 
tical debate  he  took  upon  him  to  lead 
his  leader.  Lord  North,  in  a  course 
which  terminated  in  ignominious  de- 
feat. The  king  fanned  the  natural 
dissatisfaction  of  the  premier,  and  in 


232 


Life  of  Charles  James  Fox,  1749—1792.  [March, 


February,  1774,  Fox  was  summarily 
dismissed  by  **  the  most  courteous  and 
good-natured  of  prime  ministers,"  *  in 
the  most  uncourtcous  and  offensive 
way. 

At  this  period  of  his  life  Fox*s  posi- 
tion was  very  singular.  The  Icing 
personally  disliked  him  strongly,  partly 
on  account  of  his  opposition  to  the 
lloyal  Marriage  Bill,  and  the  general 
unruliness  of  his  conduct  in  office,  and 
partly  also  as  partaking  of  the  aver- 
sion with  which  the  moral  and  prudent 
portion  of  society  regarded  a  young 
man  the  irregularities  of  whose  private 
life  were  in  a  very  high  degree  scan- 
dalous and  notorious.  It  cannot  be 
denied,  nor  ought  it  to  be  concealed, 
that  at  this  time  he  was  living  the  life 
of  an  open  rake,  and  a  leader  amongst 
rakes.  True,  the  peculiar  excellences 
of  his  disposition,  liis  artless,  candid, 
guileless  temper  of  mind,  his  warm- 
hearted, affectionate,  unsuspicious  cha- 
racter, marked  him  out  as  a  person 
framed  by  nature  to  be  the  dupe  of 
the  hideous  tribe  who  live  by  pander- 
ing to  the  passions  and  vices  of  the 
unwary;  all  this  is  true,  and,  when 
known,  it  turns  one*s  feelings  with 
respect  to  Fox  himself,  and  to  this 
portion  of  his  life,  into  the  channels  of 
sorrow  and  compassion,  rather  than 
into  those  of  anger  and  disgust ;  but 
vet,  it  must  be  admitted,  in  justice  to 
his  contemporaries,  that  to  the  multi- 
tude, who  did  not  know  him  intimately, 
and  especially  to  the  many  who  dis- 
liked his  politics,  his  conduct  in  pri- 
vate life  could  only  have  presented  the 
appearance  of  great  viciousncss  united 
to  the  most  immodest  openness  in  the 
practice  of  dissipation.  Whilst  such 
was  his  character  in  St.  James's,  in  St. 
Stephen's  he  extorted  unwilling  but 
universal  admiration.  Aflcr  spending 
the  night  at  a  gambling  table,  the  fol- 
lowing day  beheld  him  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  catching  as  it  were  by  in- 
tuition not  only  the  spirit  of  the  scene, 
but  the  results,  at  which  other  men 
had  painfully  arrived  by  a  long  course 
of  study,  and  showering  the  sharp 
arrows  of  his  eloquence  right  and  left. 
No  one's  sophistries  were  safe  when 


Fox  undertook  to  unravel  them.  With 
an  audacious  boldness,  which  made 
sober  men  look  aghast,  this  mere  dash- 
ing young  profligate,  as  he  was  gene- 
rally esteemed,  faced  every  body,  and 
by  a  peculiar  simplicity  of  expression, 
united  to  the  greatest  clearness  in 
argument,  and  the  most  attractive 
straightforwardness  and  bonhommie  in 
manner,  secured  that  attention  of  the 
House  which  was  often  denied  to  men 
long  supposed  to  be  greatly  his  supe* 
riors  in  every  way. 

Up  to  this  time  Fox  had  given  com- 
paratively little  serious  attention  to 
politics.  He  moved  to  repeal  the  Mar- 
riage Bill  without  ever  having  read  if, 
and  was  ready  at  a  minute's  notice  to 
move  any  thing,  or  to  answer  any 
body.  The  knowledge  of  his  oppo- 
nents was  his  political  capital,  ana  nis 
greatest  dexterity  consisted  in  turning 
the  facts  and  arguments  of  other 
men  against  themselves.  It  was  impos- 
sible that  such  a  man  could  hang  loose 
upon  the  world  of  politics.  !^nomini- 
ously  dismissed  by  Lord  North,  he 
soon  formed  connections  with  the  op- 
posite party.  The  political  philosophy 
of  Burke  won  upon  him ;  he  began  to 
perceive  what  were  the  true  objects  of 
government,  and  to  give  a  welcome  in 
his  heart  to  a  more  generous  course  of 
policy  than  had  ever  been  dreamt  of 
in  the  philosophy  of  his  father  or  of 
his  party.  Ere  long  his  conversion 
was  complete,  and  with  an  impetuosity 
as  much  mistrusted  by  his  new  friends 
as  it  was  dreaded  by  the  party  which 
had  cast  him  out,  he  rushed  into  the 
arena  against  Lord  North. 

The  American  War  gave  him  fertile 
and  everchanging  political  themes. 
AV^ith  an  ardour  which  added  greatly 
to  the  anger  of  the  King,  he  de- 
fended the  cause  of  the  revolted  colo- 
nists, and  at  every  stage  of  the  unfor- 
tunate contest  became  more  vehement 
in  condemnation  of  Lord  North.  Lan- 
guage has  seldom  been  put  into  forms 
of  condemnation  more  severe  than 
those  which  Fox^s  indignation  hurled 
against  the  minister  and  his  policy 
from  1774  to  1782.  Lord  John  Rus- 
sell informs  us  that  Mr.  Grattan,  who 


*  Lord  Mahon's  England,  v.  498.     Lord  John  Raisell  speaks  of  the  advantage  he 
has  deriTed  from  "  the  calm  and  steady  light"  thrown  upon  these  times  and  trantactlooi 
by  Lord  Mahon. 
1 


1854.]  Life  of  Charles  James  Fox,  1749—1792. 


233 


had  heard  Mr.  Fox  at  various  periods, 
declared  his  preference  for  the  speeches 
delivered  at  this  time  to  all  the  other 
efforts  of  hb  eloquence.  During  Lord 
Eockingham*8  short  administration  Fox 
held  office  as  one  of  the  Secretaries  of 
State.  Awaking  to  the  duties  and 
dignities  of  his  post,  he  withdrew  him- 
self at  once  from  his  customary  asso- 
ciates, never  touched  a  card,  gave 
himself  up  to  the  demands  of  his  new 
employment,  and  charmed  every  body 
with  whom  he  transacted  business  by 
his  good  humour,  frankness,  and  sin- 
cerity. Even  the  King  seems  not  to 
have  been  altogether  unsusceptible  to 
the  hearty  and  unaffected  manliness 
which  subdued  every  other  person  who 
came  within  its  influence. 

During  the  ninie  months  of  Lord 
Eockingham*s  administration,  misun- 
derstandings arose  between  Fox  and 
his  CO- Secretary,  Lord  Shelburne,  a 
man  in  many  respects  Fox's  opposite. 
On  Lord  Rockingham's  death.  Fox  and 
his  friends  in  the  cabinet  desired  to 
have  the  Duke  of  Portland  as  his  suc- 
cessor. The  King  preferred  Lord 
Shelburne.  Fox  retired ;  but  several 
of  the  Rockingham  party  adhered  to 
Lord  Shelburne,  and  William  Pitt, 
then  only  24  years  of  age,  was  appointed 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer.  Lord 
John  Russell  justifies  Fox's  retirement, 
on  the  ground  of  his  want  of  cordiality 
with  Lord  Shelburne ;  but  in  other 
respect^s  condemns  the  course  adopted 
by  the  Whig  party  on  this  occasion  : — 

Whether  (he  says)  Mr.  Burke  or  Lord 
John  Cavendish  were  the  adviser,  the  field 
of  battle  was  the  worst  that  could  be  chosen. 
Lord  Shelburne,  the  friend  and  colleague 
of  Lord  Chatham,  a  Secretary  of  State 
under  Lord  Rockingham,  a  man  of  varied 
acquirements  and  undoubted  abilities,  was, 
personally,  far  superior  to  the  Duke  of 
Portland  as  a  candidate  for  the  office  of 
Prime  Minister.  The  King,  therefore, 
had  a  great  advantage  over  Mr.  Fox  in  the 
apparent  ground  of  the  quarrel. 

Had  Mr.  Fox  declared  that  he  would 
not  serve  under  any  one,  or  at  all  events 
not  under  Lord  Shelburne,  who  had  with- 
held from  him  knowledge  indispensable  to 
his  performance  of  the  duties  of  Secretary 
of  State,  he  would  have  stood  on  firm 
ground.  The  choice  of  a  Prime  Minister 
against  the  choice  of  the  Crown,  and  that 
in  the  person  of  a  man  whose  rank  and 
fair  character  were  his  only  recommenda- 
tions,  appeared  to  the  public  an  unwar- 

Gemt.  Mag.  Vol.  XLL 


rantable  pretension,  inspired  by  narrow 
jealousies  and  aristocratic  prejudices. 

Parties  now  stood  thus.  Lerrd  Shel- 
burne, with  a  section  of  the  Whigs, 
remained  in  office;  Fox,  Burke,  and 
the  remainder  of  the  ^Vhigs,  under  the 
nominal  leadership  of  the  Duke  of 
Portland,  were  again  in  opposition, 
where  they  found  themselves  side  by 
side  with  their  old  enemy  Lord  North 
and  the  Tory  party  whom  they  had  so 
recently  driven  from  office  with  infi- 
nite disgrace.  Shelburne  tried  in  vain 
to  unite  first  with  the  Whigs  and  after- 
wards with  Lord  North.  William  Pitt, 
himself  a  host,  was  the  only  recruit  he 
could  obtain. 

The  administration  concurred  in  the 

Ereliminaries  for  a  peace  with  America, 
ut  the  terms  were  in  many  respects 
most  objectionable  and  unpopular. 
Both  Whigs  and  Tories — the  followers 
of  the  Duke  of  Portland  and  those  of 
Lord  North — united  in  their  condem- 
tion.  By  their  junction  they  carried 
motions  against]the  ministry,  and  drove 
Lord  Shelburne  from  office.  Then 
ensued  the  famous  broad-bottomed 
coalition  administration,  under  which 
the  King  was  compelled  to  accept  the 
Duke  of  Portland  as  Prime  Minister, 
and  Fox  and  North  as  joint  Secre- 
taries of  State.  No  party  arrangement 
that  has  taken  place  in  this  country 
ever  created  such  an  uproar  in  the 
minds  of  the  people  as  this  ill-fated 
and  unjustifiable  union.  That  Lord 
North  should  consent  to  act  in  concert 
with  Fox,  who  had  exhausted  against 
him  the  whole  vocabulary  of  vitupera- 
tion, was  deemed  by  our  grandfathers 
the  very  extreme  of  baseness.  We, 
caring  less  about  Lord  North,  judge 
the  question  in  these  days  more  with 
reference  to  Fox,  and  are  astonished 
that  he  should  have  dreamed  of  coales- 
cing with  a  public  man  whose  conduct 
he  had  condemned  with  violence  un- 
paralleled. At  first  sight  such  a  union 
strikes  at  the  root  of  all  our  impres- 
sions of  Fox*s  real  character,  for  it 
seems  inconsistent  with  the  sincerity 
of  his  previous  conduct.  The  circum- 
stances under  which  it  was  brought 
about  are  fully  detailed  in  these  vo- 
lumes, and  few  persons  will  now  hesi- 
tate in  admitting,  that,  however  much 
mistaken,  both  parties  to  this  arrange- 
ment acted  honourably.  In  truth  this 
very  coalition  offers  the  strongest  evi- 

1  11 


234 


Life  of  Charles  James  Fox,  1749—1792.  [March, 

as  well  as  General  Cohwfty,  is  to  be  added 
to  the  statesmen  I  have  named,  tt  was 
an  nnnatnral  combination  which  united 
Mr.  t'ox  with  Lord  North  and  Lord  Stor- 
mont,  and  even  dispensed  patronage  to 
Lord  Sandwich ;  while  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond, General  Conway,  and  Lord  Camden, 
were  left  to  defend  prerogative  against  a 
constitutional  ministry. 

Thus  it  appears  that  the  failure  of  the 
coalition  was  not  an  accident,  but  a  result 
involved  in  the  elements  of  which  it  was 
composed.  The  King,  forced  by  a  violent 
wrench  to  take  back  Mr.  Fox,  was  an 
enemy  constantly  on  the  watch  against  his 
Ministers.  The  nation  was  not  very  par- 
tial either  to  Lord  North  or  to  Mr.  Fox. 
The  continued  miscarriages  of  the  one  had 
humbled  the  national  pride;  the  private 
life  of  the  other  alarmed  public  morality. 
Nor  did  men  readily  ^ive  their  confidence 
to  a  man  so  vehement  in  his  language  as 
Mr.  Fox.  Sir  Samuel  Romilly  remarks, 
that  men  rather  blamed  Lord  North  for 
joining  Mr.  Fox  than  Mr.  Fox  for  joining 
Lord  North.  At  a  later  period,  the  people 
readily  responded  to  the  severe  reflection 
of  Mr.  Wilberforce,  "that  the  Coalition 
partook  of  the  vices  bf  both  its  parents : 
the  corruption  of  the  one,  and  the  violence 
of  the  other." 

The  official  conduct  of  Fox  was  again 
the  subject  of  universal  praise;  but 
the  dislike  entertained  for  him  by  the 
King,  so  far  from  diminishing,  was  now 
strengthened  by  new  considerations. 
The  Prince  of  Wales,  between  whom 
and  his  father  there  had  for  sonie  time 
past  existed  a  very  uneasy  feeling,  had 
Decohie  intimate  with,  and  even  strongly 
attached  to.  Fox,  whose  advice  he  took 
on  various  matters  in  dispute  between 
himself  and  his  royal  father.  Nothing 
could  be  more  unfortunate  for  Fox. 
All  the  wildnesses  and  vices  of  the 
heir- apparent  were  attributed  by  his 
father  to  his  intimacy  with  Fox.  Thus 
the  old  prejudices  were  deepened,  and 
the  King,  although  outwardly  civil  and 
even  cordial,  came  to  view  himself  as 
In  the  hands  of  enemies,  so  long  as 
Fox  and  his  friends  were  his  official 
servants.  Even  the  King's  partiality 
for  Lord  North  was  now  totally  lost, 
because  that  minister  by  the  coali- 
tion was  thought  by  his  Majesty  to 
have  "  delivered  him  up  to  Mr.  Fox." 
The  King's  conduct  in  authorising  his 
name  to  be  used  in  a  canvass  against 
the  ministers,  was  clearly  unconstitu- 
tional, and  is  emphatically  condemned 
by  Lord  John  Rufl8«ll.     Hanj  new 


dence  to  the  good  temper  of  Lord 
North,  and  the  absence  oi  malevolence 
in  Fox.  Lord  Holland  has  placed  the 
coalition  in  the  most  favourable  light ; 
but  the  adverse  judgment  of  Lord 
John  Russell  will  probably  be  more 
generally  acquiescea  in : — 

The  reasons  against  it  (he  says)  were 
many  and  weighty.  First,  Mr.  Fox's  in- 
vectives] against  Lord  North  were  cither 
well  or  ill-founded.  If  well-founded,  he 
was  not  justified  in  joining  a  man  branded 
not  only  with  incapacity,  but  with  du- 
plicity,  treachery,  and  falsehood.  If  ill- 
founded,  which  is  nearer  the  truth,  Mr. 
Fox  owed  it  to  public  decorum  not  to  pro- 
claim to  the  world  that  his  invectives  were 
the  offspring  of  an  unreasoning  passion. 
He  would  have  found  some  better  means 
of  retracting  or  thitigating  his  invectives 
than  by  a  political  junction  with  the  object 
of  them.  Nor  was  his  reflection  "  Inimi- 
citiie  breves,  amicitiie  sempiternEe,^*  a  just 
defence.  The  enmities  he  had  engaged  in 
were  not  private  but  public  quarrels,  and, 
as  they  were  not  incurred,  so  they  ought 
not  to  have  been  dropped,  from  placability 
and  good.nature.  Mr.  Prior  remarks  truly 
that  Lord  North  readily  forgave  the  utter- 
ing of  these  invectives,  but  the  public  never 
forgave  their  being  retracted. 

Secondly,  the  particular  occasion  chosen 
for  the  coalition  was  very  unfortunate. 
The  peace  of  1783  was  a  very  bad  one, 
but  it  was  not  more  so  than  might  have 
been  expected  from  the  misgovemment  of 
Lord  North.  Any  peace  which  saved  the 
honour  of  the  country  should  have  ap- 
peared venial  to  Mr.  Fox ;  at  all  events 
the  blame,  if  blame  was  justly  due,  should 
have  fallen  rather  on  the  head  of  Lord 
North,  than  on  that  of  Lord  Shelburne. 
In  the  previous  ministry  of  Lord  Rock- 
ingham, Mr.  Fox  had  strongly  expressed, 
both  in  Parliament  and  in  his  letter  to  the 
King  of  Prussia,  his  sense  of  the  calami- 
tons  state  to  which  the  country  had  been 
reduced.  The  author  of  those  misfortunes, 
Mr.  Fox  thought  at  that  time,  ought  to  be 
punished ;  he  now  aided  him  to  return  to 
power. 

Thirdly,  although  it  might  be  alleged 
that  the  American  war  was  over,  and  that 
Economical  Reform  had  been  carried,  the 
great  distinctions  of  the  Whig  and  Tory 
parties  had  not  been  effaced.  The  Duke 
of  Richmond,  Lord  Camden,  Mr.  Fox, 
Lord  John  Cavendish,  and  Mr.  Pitt,  were 
favourable  to  Reform  of  Parliament ;  Lord 
North  and  Mr.  Dundas  were  against  it ; 
and,  although  Mr.  Burke  dififered  from  his 
friends  on  this  subject,  yet  on  the  great 
constitutional  doctrines  of  a  control  of  the 
Crown  by  popular  institutions,  Mr.  Burke 


1854.]  Life  of  Charley  James  FoXy  1749—1792. 


235 


facts  are  here  stated,  not  only  respect- 
ing the  fatal  India  Bill  which  threw  out 
the  ministry,  but  also  as  to  the  settle- 
ment of  the  household  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  the  conclusion  of  a  general 
peace,  and  the  other  acts  of  Fox's  second 
administration.  Fox*s  correspondence 
at  this  time  as  here  printed  is  most 
important.  It  is  clear  that  his  san- 
gume  temperament  deceived  him  with 
regard  to  his  actual  position,  that  at 
the  liist  his  defeat  took  him  by  sur- 

Erise,  and  that  eveu  when  defeated 
e  did  not  see  the  actual  character  of 
the  difficulty  into  which  he  had  been 
driven.  "We  are  beat  in  the  House 
of  Lords,"  he  writes  in  December  1783, 
"  by  such  treachery  on  the  part  of  the 
King,  and  such  meanness  on  the  part 
oi  h\s  friends  \n  the  House  of  Lords, 
as  one  could  not  expect  from  either 
him  or  them.  I  will  write  to  you  more 
in  a  day  or  two.  We  are  not  yet  out, 
but  I  suppose  we  shall  be  to-morrow. 
However  we  are  so  strong  that  nobody 
can  undertake  without  madness ;  and  if 
they  do,  I  think  we  shall  destroy  them 
almost  as  soon  as  they  are  formed.** 
Strong  he  might  appear  to  be  within 
the  House  of  Commons,  but  the  im- 
policy, or  even  factiousness,  of  his  con- 
duct in  that  assembly  immediately  after 
the  break-up  of  his  administration  soon 
lessened  his  strength  even  there,  and 
the  King*s  name  and  influence,  largely 
used  against  him,  secured  the  hearts 
and  voices  of  the  people.  William 
Pitt  assumed  the  helm.  Fox  and  he 
were  severed  for  ever.  The  parliament 
was  dissolved,  and  the  Whig  power  was 
so  shattered  at  the  new  elections,  that 
it  did  not  recover  itself  for  more  than 
forty  years.  Lord  John  Russell's  ob- 
servations on  Fox's  rash  and  unwise 
conduct  in  the  House  of  Commons  be- 
fore the  dissolution,  are  of  great  weight 
and  moment,  nor  less  so  his  praises  of 
the  boldness,  calmness,  and  perseve- 
rance of  Mr.  Pitt.  "  He  committed  a 
great  fault,"  remarks  Lord  John,  "  in 
accepting  office  as  the  price  of  an  un- 
worthy mtrigue.  He  thus  became 
*  the  child  and  champion'  of  that  secret 
influence  which  his  father  had  de- 
nounced. But,  having  accepted  a  post 
he  ought  to  have  declined,  he  raised 
and  dignified  the  position  he  had  as- 
sumed." 
The  subsequent  portions  of  this  book 


embrace  Fox's  advice  to  the  Prince  of 
Wales  on  his  liaison  with  Mi*s.  Fitz- 
herbert ;  his  conduct  on  the  claim  of 
the  regency  for  the  Prince  on  the 
King's  first  avowed  illness ;  and,  last, 
the  commencement,  in  1791,  of  a  cor- 
respondence with  the  late  Lord  Hol- 
land, "which  will,"  remarks  Lord  John 
Russell,  "  in  future  give  the  chief  in- 
terest to  these  volumes."  We  have  no 
further  room  for  comment,  but  we  can- 
not close  our  notice  of  this  work 
without  giving  one  specimen  of  Fox's 
letters.  The  one  we  select  was  written 
a  few  weeks  after  the  attack  on  the 
Tuilleries  of  the  10th  August,  1792. 
It  will  give  a  clue  to  Fox's  opinions  on 
the  French  Revolution.  This  letter 
was  addressed  to  the  late  Lord  Holland, 
then  on  a  foreign  tour. 

St.  Ann's  Hill,  September  3rd,  1792. 
My  dear  Henry, — Although  I  now  ex- 
pect a  letter  from  you  in  a  very  few  days, 
yet  I  am  resolved  to  keep  my  promise  of 
not  letting  a  fortnight  pass  without  writing. 
There  is  nothing  new  here,  and  indeed  if 
there  were  I  am  not  in  the  way  of  hearing 
it ;  but  I  helieve  French  news  now  is  what 
all  the  world  is  principally  interested  about 
I  do  not  think  near  so  ill  of  the  business 
of  the  10th  of  August  as  I  did  upon  first 
hearing  it.  If  the  King  and  his  Ministers 
were  really  determined  not  to  act  in  con- 
cert with  the  Assembly  ;  and  still  more  if 
they  secretly  favoured  the  Invasion  of  the 
Barbarians ;  it  was  necessary,  at  any  rate, 
to  begin  by  getting  rid  of  him  and  them. 
Indeed  you  know  that  from  the  moment 
of  the  dismission  of  the  Jacobin  Ministry, 
I  have  thought  that  it  was  absolutely  ne- 
cessary either  that  the  Assembly  should 
come  round  to  the  Feuillans,  or  (which 
seemed  most  according  to  our  Whig  ideas) 
that  the  King  should  be  forced  to  have 
Ministers  of  the  same  complexion  with  the 
Assembly.  However,  it  is  impossible  not 
to  look  with  disgust  at  the  bloody  means 
which  have  been  taken,  even  supposing 
the  end  to  be  good,  and  I  cannot  help 
fearing  that  we  are  not  yet  near  the  end 
of  these  trials  and  executions.  Many  ac- 
counts give  me  great  uneasiness  for  the 
Queen,  and  I  am  more  and  more  sorry 
every  day  that  they  did  not  (as  I  think 
they  ought  to  have  done)  either  shut  her 
up  or  send  her  away  (the  last  best)  after 
the  King's  escape  last  year.  The  capture 
of  Longwy,  especially  if  it  is  true  that  the 
municipality  forced  the  garrison  to  sur- 
render, is  a  very  bad  beginning  of  the  war; 
and,  indeed,  the  way  in  which  the  news  of 
it  was  received  in  the  National  Assembly 


236 


Gr otitis  on  the  Rights  of  War  and  Peace*         [March, 

deal  at  tennis  since  I  wrote,  and  have  quite 
got  np  my  old  play. — Yonrs  most  affec- 
tionately, C.  J.  F. 

Fox*s  memory  owes  much  gratitude 
to  Lord  John  Russell  for  these  import- 
ant and  valuable  volumes.  They  give 
us  vivid  glimpses  of  his  genius  as  an 
orator,  of  his  greatness  as  a  statesman, 
of  the  many  attractive  qualities  in  his 
personal  character.  As  justice  re- 
quires, they  also  brins  before  us  his 
faults ;  when  considering  them,  let  us 
remember  the  judgment  of  Burke  : — 
"  they  arc  faults  which,  although  they 
may  in  a  small  degree  tarnish  the  lustre, 
and  sometimes  impede  the  march  of 
his  abilities,  have  nothing  in  them  to 
extinguish  the  fire  of  great  virtues. 
In  those  faults  there  is  no  mixture  of 
deceit,  of  hypocrisy,  of  pride,  of  fero- 
city, of  complexional  despotism,  or 
want  of  feeling  for  the  distresses  of 
mankind.  His  are  faults  which  might 
exist  in  a  descendant  of  Henry  IV.  of 
France  I "  "  Perhaps  no  human  being," 
wrote  Gibbon,  "was  ever  more  per- 
fectly exempt  from  the  taint  of  male- 
volence, vanity,  or  falsehood." 


does  not  appear  very  magnanimous.  There 
is  a  want  of  dignity  and  propriety  in  etery- 
thiog  they  do.  When  the  enemy  is  in  a 
manner  at  their  doors,  to  be  amusing  them- 
selves with  funerals  and  inscriptions,  and 
demolitions  of  statues,  and  creations  of 
honorary  citizens,  is  quite  intolerable;  and 
to  talk  so  pompously  of  dying  for  liberty 
and  their  country,  before  one  single  gal- 
lant action  has  been  performed  by  any  part 
of  their  army  against  the  enemy,  is  worse 
than  ridiculous.  And  yet,  with  all  their 
faults  and  all  their  nonsense,  I  do  interest 
myself  for  their  success  to  the  greatest 
degree.  It  is  a  great  crisis  for  the  real 
cause  of  liberty,  whatever  we  may  think  of 
the  particular  people  who  are  to  fight  the 
present  battle.  I  wish  they  were  like  our 
old  friends,  the  Americans,  and  I  should 
scarcely  be  afraid  of  them.  I  hear  from 
good  authority  that  the  Duke  of  Bruns- 
wick means  to  quit  the  command  as  soon 
as  he  has  taken  Paris,  which  I  think  very 
prudent,  as  certainly  the  most  difficult 
part  of  the  business  will  be  to  come  after- 
wards. I  am  heartily  glad  La  Fayette  has 
escaped  ;  for,  though  I  very  much  disap- 
prove his  conduct,  I  believe  him  to  be  an 
honest  man ;  but,  escaped  though  he  be, 
his  situation  is  very  unpleasant,  and  I  sin- 
cerely pity  him.     I  have  played  a  good 


GROTIUS  ON  THE  RIGHTS  OF  WAR  AND  PEACE. 

Uugonis  Grotii  De  Jure  Belli  et  Pacis ;  accompanied  by  an  abridged  translation  by 
William  Whewell,  D.D.  Master  of  Trinity  College,  &c.  3  vols,  octavo.  Cam- 
bridge. 


WHEN  the  learned  Selden  in  1640 

f)ublished  his  treatise  DeJure  Naturally 
le  chose  for  his  motto  the  boast  of 
Lucretius,  that  he  was  entering  upon 
untrodden  ground ; 

Loca  nullius  ante 
Trita  solo  ;  juvat  integros  acccdere  fonteis 
Atque  haurire. 

The  novelty  of  his  work,  as  he  ex- 
plains in  his  preface,  consisted  in  his 
treatment  of  the  subject  with  a  pure 
reference  to  the  Hebrew  Common- 
wealth and  Jurisprudence.  The  same 
circumstance  which  constituted  its 
novelty,  destroyed  its  interest,  and,  in 
spite  of  Milton^s  eulogiura  of  the 
**  ex(iuisit  reasons  and  theorems  almost 
mathenintically  demonstrative  of  the 
chief  of  learned  men  reputed  in  this 


land,"*  the  labours  of  Selden  rest  un- 
disturbed upon  their  shelf,  while  the 
treatise  of  his  more  illustrious  rival, 
Grotius,  still  finds  editors,  translators, 
and  even  readers. 

But  the  great  work  of  Grotius  has  also 
shared  in  this  country  the  neglect  which 
from  various  causes  has  accompanied 
the  whole  subject  of  general,  as  distin- 
guished from  civil,  jurisprudence.  We 
are  not  aware  of  any  complete  edition 
of  the  Latin  text  having  appeared  in 
England,  before  the  present  publica- 
tion of  Dr.  Whewell.  It  is  not  of 
course  to  b^  expected  that  this  book 
should  at  so  late  a  season  find  a  popu- 
larity which  was  denied  to  its  younger 
years.  Ifthe  theory  of  natural  and  inter- 
national law  should  in  the  revolutions 


*  Milton,  Arcop.igitica.  See  also  his  Doctrine  and  Discipline  of  Divorce,  cap.  xzii. 


1854.]  Gvotius  on  the  Rights  of  War  and  Peace. 


237 


of  speculation,  or  by  the  exigency  of 
the  times,  attract  a  greater  number  of 
minds  in  this  country,  there  are  other 
and  later  writers,  who  may  give  a  more 
systematized  account  of  the  science, 
with  all  the  advantages  furnished  by  a 
larger  experience  of  a  state  of  society, 
in  which  the  rights  of  peace  and  war 
have  received  the  conscious  and  de- 
liberate sanction  of  nations.  But  we 
will  venture  to  say,  that  the  science 
will  never  be  illustrated  by  a  professor, 
who  will  bring  more  varied  learning, 
a  more  earnest  intention,  or  a  purer 
conscience  to  the  discussion  ot  the 
problems  of  national  ethics,  than  Hugh 
de  Groot. 

It  would  probably  be  impossible  to 
produce  an  instance  in  whicn  a  science 
or  an  invention  has  been  originated  in 
anything  like  a  perfect  form  by  a 
single  mind.  Different  portions  of  the 
whole  have  been  anticipated  by  pre- 
vious discoverers.  The  ground  has 
been  cleared  by  the  investigation  of 
principles,  and  the  soil  prepared  by  the 
j;eneral  stream  of  thought  of  the  age. 
We  give  the  name  of  inventors  to  those 
who  first  present  an  art  to  the  world 
in  a  complete  form.  Hugo  Grotius 
fills  the  same  position  with  relation  to 
the  science  of  international  law,  that 
is  occupied  by  Adam  Smith  in  that  of 
Political  Economy.  He  himself  claims 
in  his  Preface  the  honour  of  being  the 
first  to  invest  his  subject  with  a  scien- 
tific form.  Certain  it  is,  that  the  im- 
mediate effect  of  his  work  was  the 
ecneral  recognition  of  international 
law  as  a  distinct  and  important  branch 
of  knowledge,  and  his  dicta  became  at 
once  the  maxims  of  statesmen  and  di- 

?lomatists.  "This  book,"  says  Mr. 
[allam,  "  may  be  considered  as  nearly 
original  in  its  general  plan  and  form  as 
any  work  of  man  in  an  advanced  stage 
of  civilisation  and  learning  can  be.  It 
is  more  so,  perhaps,  than  those  of  Mon- 
tesquieu and  Smith." 

In  one  of  his  letters  written  in  1623, 
two  years  before  the  publication  of  his 
great  work,  Grotius  recommends  to  his 
correspondent  the  study  of  "  interna- 
tional and  public  law,"  and  points  out 
the  writers  who  up  to  that  time  had 
touched  upon  the  subject.  In  the  same 
letter  he  quotes  the  sentence  from 
Cicero's  Oration  forBalbus,  in  which  the 
orator  attributes  to  Pompey  "  praesta- 
bilem  scientiam  in  federibus,  pactioni- 


bus,  conditionibus  populorum,  regum, 
exterarum(|ue  nationum,  in  omni  de- 
nique  belli  jure  et  pacis,^*  It  is  from  this 
passage  that  Grotius  appears  to  have 
adopted  the  title  of  his  treatise.  It  was 
a  title  well  calculated  to  concentrate 
the  attention  of  the  civilized  world, 
harassed  as  it  then  was  by  a  long  war 
carried  on  with  unscrupulous  obstinacy 
and  lawless  rigour.  "I  saw,"  says 
Grotius,  in  his  Prolegomena, "  prevail- 
ing throughout  the  Christian  world,  a 
license  of  warfare  of  which  even  bar- 
barous nations  might  be  ashamed; 
recourse  had  to  arms  for  slight  reasons 
or  for  none ;  and  when  arms  were  once 
taken  up,  no  reverence  was  left  for 
divine  or  human  law,  as  though  by  one 
edict  the  passions  of  mankina  were  let 
loose  for  the  commission  of  every 
crime. 

This  special  reference  to  the  neces- 
sities of  the  age  may  perhaps  account 
for  Grotius*  arrangement  of  his  subject, 
with  which  Sir  James  Mackintosh  has 
found  fault.  Making  war  his  central 
idea,  he  starts  in  his  First  Book,  after  a 
short  discussion  upon  the  origin  of  the 
notion  of  right,  with  the  question 
whether  war  is  ever  justifiable.  He 
then  proceeds  to  distinguish  between 
public  and  private,  national  and  civil, 
wars  ;  and,  for  this  purpose,  he  has  to 
inquire  what  constitutes  sovereignty, 
and  to  define  the  relations  between 
governments  and  subjects.  In  the  same 
way  the  subject  of  his  Second  Book, 
the  lawful  causes  of  war,  leads  him  into 
the  discussion  of  the  principles  of  pro- 
perty and  the  nature  of  punishments, 
as  well  as  the  rights  of  ambassadors 
and  the  obligations  of  treaties.  The 
Third  Book  relates  to  the  rights  of 
parties  engaged  in  war,  which  intro- 
duces, amongst  other  questions,  that  of 
slavery,  and  the  mode  of  concluding 
wars  by  treaties  and  conventions. 

It  is  manifest,  even  in  this  short  ac- 
count of  the  scheme  of  this  work,  that 
the  questions  which  belong  to  that 
which  has  been  called  national  juris- 
prudence, or  the  science  of  the  foun- 
dations of  laws,  are  treated  merely  as 
subsidiary  to  the  determination  of  the 
rights  of  war,  whereas  a  more  natural 
and  logical  arrangement  might  demand, 
that  they  should  be  the  subject  of  a 
separate  and  preliminary  discussion. 
The  latter  is  the  method  adopted  by 
Pufendorf ;  but  we  think  we  see  suf- 


288 


Grotius  on  the  Bights  of  War  and  Peace,        [March, 


ficient  reason,  in  the  prevailing  idea 
and  general  object  of  the  lat)ours  of 
Grotius,  for  his  choice  of  a  less  syn- 
thetical, but  perhaps  more  attractive 
method. 

!N'othing  is  more  striking  in  the  spe- 
culations of  Grotius  than  the  scrupu- 
lous morality  and  tenderness  of  con- 
science, which  he  brings  to  the  discus- 
sion of  every  question  of  political 
casuistry.  The  whole  work  is  ani- 
mated by  the  sincerest  love  of  peace 
and  the  most  noble  spirit  of  humanity ; 
and  his  most  manifest  errors  are  fail- 
ings which  "  lean  to  virtue's  side."  We 
do  i^ot  think,  for  example,  that  it  is  a 
i^nable  position  that  subjects  are  bound 
to  abstam  from  assisting  their  rulers  in 
a  war,  of  the  justice  of  which  they  have 
not  satisfied  their  consciences.*  Gro- 
tius goes  even  so  far  ns  to  assert,  that 
an  executioner  ought  not  to  execute  a 
criminal,  until  he  is  satisfied  of  his  guilt, 
cither  by  attention  to  the  legal  proof, 
or  by  the  culprit's  own  confession.  In 
the  same  spirit  he  thinks  it  not  be- 
coming for  a  Christian  to  seek  for  those 
positions,  which  involve  the  necessity 
of  determining  upon  the  life  or  death 
of  a  fellow-creature,  and  reminds  his 
readers  of  the  saying  of  Christ,  "Judge 
not  that  ye  be  not  judged."!  Ilis 
warning  to  sovereigns  and  nations  not 
to  engage  precipitately  in  war,  u(itil  all 
means  of  negotiation  have  been  ex- 
hausted, is  a  lesson  which  two  centu- 
ries have  not  rendered  obsolete  or  un- 
necessary. He  even  recommends  the 
establishment  of  a  "  Congress  of  Chris- 
tian powers,  in  which  all  the  contro- 
versies which  arise  among  them  should 
be  decided  by  others  who  are  not  in- 
terested."}; 

How  far  these  sentiments  were  in 
advance  of  the  general  current  of 
thought  of  the  age,  may  be  judged  by 
any  one  who  calls  to  mmd  the  remarks 
of  Lord  Bacon  in  his  Essay  on  the 
Greatness  of  Nations;  where  he  re- 
commends those  states,  that  aim  at  great- 
ness, to  have  such  laws  or  customs  as 
may  reach  forth  unto  them  just  occa- 
sions, as  may  be  pretended,  of  war. 
**  Let  it  suffice,"  he  concludes,  "  that 
no  estate  expect  to  be  great,  that  is 


not  awake  upon  any  just  occasion  of 
arming.** 

In  his  discussion  of  the  rights  of 
those  engaged  in  war,  Grotius  treats  as 
rights  all  those  customs  which  are 
sanctioned  by  the  usages  of  nations  in 
such  cases,  reserving  for  a  subsequent 
chapter  the  moral  limitations,  o;*  "  tem- 
peraments," which  are  binding  on  the 
consciences  of  the  belligerents.  This 
mode  of  treatment  gave  occasion  to 
Housseau  to  accuse  hi|n  of  confound- 
ing fact  with  ri^^ht,  and  the  duties  of 
natipns  wit,h  their  practice.  Mr.  Hal- 
lam  has  nobly  vindicated  him  from 
this  charge.  "  Scrupulous  as  a  casuist) 
to  an  excess  hardly  reconcileable  with 
the  security  and  welfare  of  good  men, 
he  was  the  first,  beyond  the  precinctd 
of  the  confessional  or  the  church,  to 
pour  the  dictates  of  a  saintlike  con- 
science into  the  ears  of  princes."  § 

At  the  present  time,  when  the  sym- 
pathies and  alliance  of  England  are 
engaged  in  favour  of  a  Mussulman 
against  a  Christian  power,  it  is  not  un- 
interesting to  observe,  that  Grotius, 
while  he  admits  that  "  there  is  no  in- 
herent or  universal  pravity  in  an  al- 
liance with  unbelievers,"  yet  remain^ 
so  fur  inllucnced  by  the  general  feeling 
of  his  time,  that  he  recommends  to 
princes  and  peoples  "  that  pious  and 
liberal  saying,"  addressed  to  Charles  tho 
Simple  by  the  Archbishop  of  Kheims, 
which  placed  an  alliance  with  the  infidel 
on  a  par  with  idolatry:  "Nihil  enim 
distat  utrum  quis  se  paganis  societ,  an 
abnegato  Deo  idola  colat."|| 

One  of  the  most  obvious  criticisms 
upon  the  style  and  manner  of  Grotius 
is  directed  to  his  lavish  employment  of 
passages  from  the  classical  orators  and 
poets,  in  proof  or  illustration  of  his 
political  and  social  theorems.  These 
are  poured  forth  throughout  all  his 
arguments  with  a  profusion,  and,  we 
must  acknowledge,  with  an  apposite- 
ness, which  exact  our  admiration  equally 
for  the  extent  and  readiness  of  his 
learning.  We  cannot  but  sympathise 
in  the  noble  feeling,  with  which  Sir 
James  Mackintosh  defends  this  cha- 
racteristic of  the-  work  of  Grotius. 
"  I  own  (he  says)  that  such  richness 


*  Grotius  de  Jure,  &c.  lib.  ii.  c.  26. 
\  Grotius,  lib.  ii.  c.  23,  §  8. 
li  Grotius,  lib.  ii.  c.  15,  §  11. 


t  Grotius,  Ub.  u.  c.  20,  §  16. 

§  Literature  of  Europe,  vol.  iit.  p.  448. 


1854.]  Gr otitis  on  the  Rights  of  War  and  Peace. 


239 


and  splendour  of  literature  have  a 
powerful  charm  for  me.  They  fill  the 
mind  with  an  endless  variety  of  die- 
lightful  recollections  and  associations. 
They  relieve  the  understanding  in  its 
progress  through  a  vast  science,  by 
calhng  up  the  memory  of  great  men 
and  of  interesting  events.  Even  virtue 
and  wisdom  themselves  acquire  new 
majesty  in  my  eyes,  when  I  thus  see 
all  the  great  masters ,  of  thinking  and 
writing  called  together,  as  it  were, 
from  all  times  and  countries  to  do 
them  homage,  and  to  appear  in  their 
train."  * 

fiut  we  must  confess  thai  this  species 
of  illustration  is  carried  to  an  excess 
unsuitable  to  a  philosophic  and  argu- 
mentative treatise.  Where  a  jurist 
cites  passage  after  passage  from  Greek 
writers,  in  disapprobation  of  alliances 
between  Greeks  and  Barbarians,  in 
order  to  support  his  views  of  the  rela- 
tions of  Christian  with  infidel  powers, 
we  acknowledge  the  fitness  of  the  illus- 
tration, but  we  do  not  find  ourselves 
advanced  in  the  argument.  When  he 
appeals  to  Ovid's  -£:t  of  Love, — 

Armaque  in  armatos  sumere  jura  sinunt, — 

in  corroboration  of  the  justifiablcness 
01  war,  our  fancy  is  pleased  with  the 
associations  which  these  words  bring 
with  them,  but  our  reason  is  as  much, 
and  no  more,  convinced  than  if  he  had 
written  the  single  word,  self-defence. 
It  is  just  to  observe,  that  our  author 
has  anticipated  this  criticism  by  the 
remark,  that  he  employs  the  sentences 
of  poets  and  orators  not  so  much  for 
authority,  as  for  ornament.  But  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  his  quotations 
are  drawn  up  in  numbers  and  array 
unsuitable  for  ornament,  and  that  they 
tend  in  some  degree  to  distract  the 
attention  of  his  reader,  and  thus  to 
weaken  the  force  of  the  reasonings 
which  they  are  adduced  to  confirm. 

It  is  also  a  subject  of  regret,  that 
Grotius  draws  his  examples  of  the  re- 
lations of  states  too  exclusively  from 
ancient  history.  He  may  probably 
have  felt,  that  this  was  necessary  in 


order  to  secure  general  acceptance  for 
his  theories.  An  exile  from  his  coun- 
try, he  was  dependent  for  his  safety 
on  the  favours  of  foreign  princes, 
whom  he  could  not  offend  without 
risk,  and  whom  he  would  not  stoop  to 
flatter.  I^ui  by  this  exclusive  use  oif 
ancient  history  for  illustration,  lie 
seems  to  be  led  sometimes  to  lay  down 
rules  applicable  rather  to  ancient  than 
to  modern  society.  For  example,  he 
devotes  a  chapter  f  to  the  customarj 
right  of  making  slaves  of  prisoners  of 
war,  and  only  at  the  end  of  it  remarks  j 
that  it  has  Seen  established  as  a  rule 
among  Christian  nations  not  to  enslave 
their  captives.  His  long  chapter  on 
the  Postliminium^  or  reinstation  of  re- 
turned prisoners  in  their  old  liberties 
and  rignts,  is  another  instance  to  the 
same  effect. 

To  our  taste  the  work  of  Grotiu^  is 
far  more  attractive,  more  readable, 
than  the  generality  of  books  upon  the 
same  aiid  similar  subjects.  His  lan- 
guage is  simple,  tis  reasoning  intelll- 
gibil  and  sound,  his  learning  universal, 
his  illustrations  only  too  copious,  and 
his  philosophical  and  dialectic  system 
remarkably  free,  considering  the  time 
in  which  he  lived,  from  scholastic  pe- 
dantry and  verbal  subtleties. 

It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  the 
originator  of  a  new  science  should 
leave  no  imperfections  to  be  cori'ebied 
by  his  followers;  much  less,  thai  a 
writer  upon  political  or  moral  subjects 
should  meet  with  a  complete  acqui- 
escence in  the  minds  of  readers  two 
centuries  afler  his  death.  Still,  in 
spite  of  all  deductions,  the  volume  of 
Grotius,  both  on  account  of  its  posi- 
tion in  the  history  of  the  science  of 
jurisprudence,  and  from  its  intrinsic 
authority  and  merit,  must  even  in  the 
present  day  command  the  attention  of 
all  who  interest  themselves  in  the  prd- 
blems  of  national  law,  or  in  the  history 
of  the  progress  of  thought.  The  edi- 
tion, which  the  Master  of  Trinity  has 
prepared  for  the  Cambridge  press, 
will  we  think  be  found  of  use  to  the 
English  student. 


♦  Mackintosh's  Works,  vol.  i.  p.  354, 


t  Grotius,  lib.  iii.  c.  7. 


240 


RHINE-LAND  AND  ITS  ROMANCE. 


A  MATTER-OF-FACT  river  is  our 
river  Thames,  and  all  its  legends  are 
more  connected  with  money-making 
than  with  magic,  though  there  has  been 
much  of  the  latter  even  in  the  common- 
place matter  of  money-making.  We 
must  cross  the  water,  if  we  would  be- 
come acquainted  with  romance,  and 
he  who  docs  so,  looks  upon  Walcheren, 
when  first  it  is  seen  looming  in  the 
future,  as  though  it  were  the  portals  of 
the  fairy  region.  But  the  legends  of 
Walcheren  are  not  of  a  rairpr-like 
aspect,  and  they  are  not  attractive  to 
an  Englishman.  In  the  revolutionary 
wars  we  sent  Lord  Chatham  and  Sir 
Richard  Strachan  to  Walcheren  for 
the  double  purpose  of  serving  Austria 
(who  never  was  grateful  for  service) 
and  ultimatelpr  occupying  Antwerp. 
The  project  failed  through  the  peculiar 
system  adopted  hy  the  respective  com- 
manders, and  which  is  well-illustrated 
in  the  popular  epigram  made  at  the 
time. 

Great  Chatham,  with  his  sabre  drawn, 
Stood  waiting  for  Sir  Richard  Strachan, 
Sir  Richard,  longing  to  be  at  'em, 
Stood  waiting  for  the  Earl  of  Chatham ! 

The  fact  is,  that  wc  must  traverse 
Belgium  before  we  can  reach  the 
frontiers  of  fairy  land.  We  approach 
it  when  we  come  in  sight  of  the  tomb 
of  Charlemagne  and  the  towers  of  Aix 
la  Chapelle — that  city  of  noble  me- 
mories, but  we  are  not  fairly  over  the 
threshold  until  we  enter  the  old  "  Stadt 
Koln,"  when  we  at  once  succumb  to 
evil  smells,  endless  legends,  and  the 
odour  of  Eau  do  Col(»gne. 

The  Rhine,  from  Rotterdam  to 
Cologne,  has  never  been  inhabited  by 
spirits.  The  favourite  locality  of  the 
latter  lies  between  Cologne  and  May- 
ence.  AH  beyond  is  common-place 
shore  and  wave.  But  within  these 
limits,  every  reach  in  the  stream  re- 
echoes a  story  of  an  elf  or  an  imp,  and 
every  meadow  on  its  shores  is  danced 
upon  by  gossamer  fairies  or  gallopped 
over  at  the  witching  hour  of  night  by 

fhastly  ritters  and    skeleton    steeds. 
Ivery  mill  has  its  kobbold,  and  every 
building  its  household   spirit.    From 
the  cathedral   at  Koln   to   the  most 
wretched  Rhine-washed    hut,  beings 
2 


supernatural  rule  and  possess.  From 
the  devil, "  first  in  bad  eminence,**  down 
to  the  ghost  of  some  erring  deacon, 
every  nook  acknowledges  the  deep 
mysterious  sway.  Churchman  and 
knight,  trembling  nuns  and  ladies  fair, 
truculent  bishops  and  stiff-necked 
burghers,  lord  and  peasant,  emperor 
and  beggar,  in  short  whole  visionary 
multitudes  of  deceased  generations 
elbow  one  another  on  the  land,  or  swim 
in  unsubstantial  vessels,  with  trans- 
parent sails,  upon  the  water.  A  ma- 
jesty of  gloom  hangs  over  the  spots 
where  these  spirits  of  the  past  most  do 
congregate.  Cologne  itself  lives  upon 
a  crowd  of  traditions  more  numerous 
than  its  steeples,  of  which  there  are 
said  to  have  once  been  as  many  as  there 
are  days  in  the  year.  Not  the  least  of 
them  is,  that  Judas  Maccabeus  and  his 
brother  lie  therein  entombed.  Stone 
figures  of  saints  in  Cologne  have  been 
known  to  accept  half-munched  apples 
from  pious  little  boys,  who  afterwards 
studied  hard,  read  much,  and,  as  the 
old  joke  says,  "nobody  the  wiser." 
Here  lived  Albertus  Magnus  the  monk, 
who  possessed  the  power  of  turning 
winter  into  summer,  and  of  being  plea- 
santly independent  of  the  coal  market 
and  its  tariffs.  Here  too  existed  mer- 
chants who  built  churches  by  calcula- 
tion, that  the  weight  of  the  stones 
would  exceed  the  ponderosity  of  their 
sins,  and  that  the  recording  angel  would 
strike  a  balance  in  their  favour  ac- 
cordingly. Finally,  here  dwelt  the 
famous  Maternus,  who  was  elected 
Bishop  afler  his  death,  and  who  walked 
from  his  grave  rather  than  render  the 
election  void  by  non-appearance,  and 
kept  possession  of  the  episcopal  chair 
for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
To  do  the  honest  man  justice,  he  always 
averred,  after  his  attainment  to  the 
mitre,  that  he  had  never  yet  died — as 
far  as  he  could  recollect.  But  they 
who  wanted  a  miracle  had  more  con- 
venient memories,  and  they  ever  as- 
serted that  Bishop  Maternus  was,  in 
good  truth,  the  most  ghostly  of  pre- 
lates. 

Legend  has  paid  the  greatest  [)ossible 
coropument  to  Satan,  by  attributing 
to  him  the  honour  of  ))cing  the  original 


1854.] 


Rhine*land  and  Us  Romance* 


241 


designer  of  the  plan  for  that  still  un- 
finished cathedral  at  Cologne,  of  which 
Hood  says  so  finely,  that  it  looks  like 
a  broken  promise  made  to  God.  Tra* 
dition  says  that  the  devil  drew  the 
plan  for  a  monk  who  cheated  the  de- 
signer out  of  his  stipulated  recompense. 
Satan,  it  is  said,  bit  right  through  his 
newly-painted  green  tail,  out  of  pure 
vexation,  and  that  he,  further,  not  only 
frightened  the  name  of  the  architect 
out  of  people*s  memories,  but  that  he 
has  ever  since  successfully  interfered 
to  obstruct  the  completion  of  the 
edifice.  In  proof  of  this,  the  prints  of 
his  claws  are  still  visible  on  a  stone 
lying  near  the  western  door,  against 
which  he  is  said  to  have  fiung  the  mis- 
sile, in  a  rage.  The  fire-bell  in  the 
belfry  has  a  horribly  discordant  sound, 
because  it  was  baptized  in  the  Evil 
One's  name,  after  the  mould  had  twice 
cracked  as  the  liquid  metal  was  flow- 
ing into  it  under  a  sacred  appellation. 
Fortunately,  there  are  only  two  other 
places  on  the  Rhine  where  the  Father 
of  Lies  still  retains  occupation.  One 
is  at  Fahr,  where  he  has  a  "  Devil's 
House,"  in  which  he  may  be  seen  at 
night,  drinking  horribly  hot-spiced 
wine  with  a  long  since  deceased  Prince 
of  Neuwied.  The  exemplary  pair  often 
issue  forth  at  night,  after  their  orgy  is 
over,  and  in  the  disguise  of  monks 
make  convent  cloisters  hideous  with 
the  howling  of  their  gaiUard  songs,  or 
play  such  tricks  with  the  ferrymen  and 
their  boats  upon  the  river  that  when 
morning  dawns  there  is  no  man  at  his 
right  station,  and  every  boat  is  drift- 
ing towards  the  sea.  fiut  the  Devil  of 
the  Rhine  is  sometimes  of  a  better 
(quality  than  is  here  implied.  The  per- 
pendicular staircase  in  the  rock  at  Loch 
was  cut  by  him  in  a  night,  expressly  to 
enable  a  knight  to  rescue  his  daughter 
from  the  lord  of  a  castle  in  his  eyrie 
above.  Cavalier  and  steed  trotted  up 
at  right  angles  to  the  surface ;  and  in 
prooi  of  the  fact  the  people  show  you 
the  saddle ! 

The  legendary  Ritters  are  as  restless 
as  the  traditionary  Satan.  At  Rheid, 
if  you  only  go  when  they  are  to  be 
seen,  you  may  discern  a  host  of  them 
in  the  tournament  field  there,  engaged 
in  passages  of  arms,  charging  fiercely  at 
each  other,  and  galloping  about  **  like 
mad,"'  but  all  so  silently  and  lightly 
that  no  sound  reaches  the  car,  not  a 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


hare-bell  bends  beneath  the  chargers* 
hoofs, — and  indeed,  if  nothing  be  heard 
or  felt,  the  legend  can  only  be  per- 
fected by  adding  that  there  is  quite  as 
little  to  be  seen.  But  do  not  attempt 
to  say  so  to  the  people  of  Loch. 

The  Drachenfels,  rock  of  the  dragon, 
introduces  us  to  the  chivalrous  Sieg- 
fried, who  found  it  an  easier  task  to 
overcome  the  dragon,  that  carried  off 
maidens  by  night  and  breakfasted  off 
young  ladies  in  the  morning,  than  to 
subdue  the  truculetft  queen  of  the 
Burgundians  to  the  reasonable  will  of 
that  melancholy  man  her  husband.  Al- 
together Siegfried,  the  homed  knight, 
was  more  creditable  to  chivalry  than 
his  brother  Ritter,  Graf  Hurman.  He 
used  to  take  delight  in  riding  through 
his  tenants'  com,  and,  if  any  of  these 
complained,  he  took  the  funniest  ima- 
ginable way  of  intimating  that  he  felt 
hurt  at  the  little  liberty  they  took 
with  him.  In  fact,  he  had  the  offender 
tied  to  the  antlers  of  a  wild  stag,  and 
hunted  to  death  by  hungry  dogs.  But 
there  is  a  Nemesis — and  Graf  Hurman 
is  now  nightly  chased  out  of  his  grave 
by  the  vengeful  spirits  of  his  tenants, 
in  the  form  of  hounds,  and  these  lead 
him  such  a  life  of  it  that  it  is  a  pity 
his  descendants  do  not  lay  out  a  few 
kreutzers  in  masses,  to  insure  his  repose. 

A  knight  of  another  class  and  repu- 
tation is  he  who  has  given  fame  to  the 
height  at  Roland's  £ck.  There  still 
stands  the  window  whence  he  used  to 
watch  the  nun  he  loved,  in  the  island 
below ;  from  which  he  beheld  her 
borne  to  the  grave,  and  at  which  he 
gently  died — the  spectacle  being  too 
much  for  the  nerves  of  a  man  who  had 
scattered  legions  of  paynim  Saracens 
by  the  might  of  his  single  arm. 

At  Daltenberg  we  meet  with  another 
love- stricken  knight,  who,  after  dinner, 
made  a  promise  of  marriage  to  a  dead 
lady  in  a  deserted  castle.  He  subse- 
quently found  himself,  he  knew  not 
how,  in  a  ruined  chapel,  and  when  he 
beheld  his  cold  bride  with  him  at  the 
altar,  the  ghost  of  her  father  rising 
complaisantly  from  the  grave  to  give 
her  away,  and  a  bronze  bishop  begin- 
ning to  read  the  marriage-service  aloud, 
he  became  so  alarmed  that  he  had  but  just 
sufficient  strength  to  call  for  help  upon 
the  saints  above,  and  barely  sufficient 
power  of  vision  to  see  the  whole  party 
disappear  in  snap-dragon  flames,  and 

21 


242 


Rhine-land  and  its  Romance. 


[March, 


a  very  suspicious  smell  of  sulphur.  At 
other  points  we  fall  in  with  Ri iters 
who  are  t(»ssing  their  father*s  bones 
out  of  their  graves  in  search  of  trea- 
sure, and  expressing  great  sorrow  at 
finding  nothing.  Others,  in  times  of 
famine,  play  at  nine-pins,  with  loaves 
for  balls,  and  baked  pastry  pins  to 
bowl  at.  Above  Lnhneck  we  entev 
the  ground  where  the  two  brothers 
slew  each  other  for  the  sake  of  a  worth- 
less woman  who  cared  for  neither  of 
them.  At  Sonneck  a  company  of 
ghostly  Ritters  meet  twice  a  month,  at 
hours  known  to  the  initiated ;  their 
purpose  is  convivial,  and  their  place  of 
meeting  a  cavern,  wherein,  seated  at 
an  unearthly  banquet,  they  eat  fire, 
like  conjurors,  and  drink  boiling  wine 
out  of  red-hot  goblets.  At  I^lken- 
berg  there  is  a  ghostly  knight  of  more 
solitary  habits.  When  he  was  alive 
he  used  to  spend  his  nights  with  a  dead 
lady,  much  after  the  fashion  of  G^the*ii 
young  heathen  with  the  Christian  bride 
of  Corinth.  The  knight,  however,  un- 
like the  impetuous  young,  pagan  of 
the  ballad,  ultimately  espoused  a  lady 
— alive,  pretty,  and  as  substantial  as 
graceful  brides  of  upper  earth  should 
be.  The  result  may  serve  as  a  warn- 
ing to  all  young  gentlemen  not  to  enter 
into  rash  engagements,  and  to  tako 
care,  according  to  the  excellent  advice 
of  the  moral  old  song,  to  be  off  with 
the  old  love  before  they  are  on  with 
the  new.  The  newly  married  couple 
speedily  died  of  affright ;  and  I  am  not 
surprised  at  it,  for  every  night  the 
cold  form  of  the  others  the  dead  but 
betrothed  lady,  lay  between  them,  by 
way  of  mutely  annoying  reproach  upon 
the  infidelity  of  the  bridegroom.  The 
penalty  of  the  latter  beyond  the  grave 
IS  to  wander  for  ever  in  search  of  both 
wives,  and  fall  in  with  neither.  One 
would  think  that  Belphegor  had  had 
compassion  upon  him. 

The  well-known  legend  of  the  Mouse 
Tower  may  be  classed  with  the  Ritters* 
traditions,  for  Hatto  was  as  much 
knight  as  bishop.  He  was  a  monopo- 
liser and  a  forestaller  of  corn,  but  an 
army  of  rats  devoured  the  greedy  ca- 
yalier-prieat.  Truth  will  have  it  that 
it  was  the  corn  and  not  the  owner  that 
was  devoured, — but  that  would  not 
have  been  half  so  interesting  a  ciroum* 
stance  to  register.  I  prefer  the  legend, 
and  invoke  the  fate  of  ita  hero  vpon 


the  monopolisers  of  corn,  who  are  now 
making  bread  dear  for  the  people  of 
England. 

The  ladies  are  especially  lively  in  the 
legends  of  the  Rhine,  ifngland  alone 
furnishes  eleven  thousand  for  the  single 
story  of  Ursula  and  her  companions, 
who  crossed  the  seas  to  marry  as  many 
German  princes,  and  who  were  mi»aa* 
cred  at  Cologne  by  a  host  of  ferocious 
Huns,  whose  rough  wooing  had  been 
deeply  decline<l  by  these  resolute  ladiea. 
The  shy  Kordula  alone  remained,  and 
half  a  hundred  Huns  offered  her  their 
very  dirty  hands;  but  Kordula  hap- 
pened to  look  up,  and  as  she  saw  all 
her  headless  sisters  gaily  scaling  the 
heights  of  Heaven,  she  selected  to  be 
of  tne  company,  and  was  (qualified  ac- 
cordingly. The  Huns,  nothmg  daunted 
by  their  ill  success,  broke  into  the  nun- 
nery at  Niedeswerth,  where  they  found 
the  entire  establishment  of  noble  ladiee 
locked  in  each  others*  arms,  fast  asleep. 
The  intruders  were  proceeding  to  rude 
measures,  when  a  discriminating  wind 
blew  the  Huns  into  the  river,  and  the 
nuns  into  swiA  sailing-boats  u|)on  it« 
in  which  thev  descended  the  stream 
and  found  safety  at  Bonn.  The  tin- 
quietness  of  the  nuns  of  Grau  Rhein- 
dorf  is,  perhaps,  in  alltision  to  their 
particular  peccadillo.  They  were  ex- 
cessively ^iven  to  gluttony,  especially 
in  the  article  of  fish ;  and  fearfully  did 
they  suffer  in  consequence,  from  sleeps 
less  nights  and  indigestion.  They  reit 
as  ill  in  their  graves,  but  have  not  the 
same  motive  for  leaving  it  as  the  phan- 
tom mother  of  Furstenberg,  who  issnee 
nightly  from  the  tomb  m  order  to 
*^  nurse  "  an  imaginary  baby  which  she 
fancies  is  enoradled  in  the  neighbour- 
ing castle.  Well !  the  poor  mother  is 
impelled  by  better  motives  than  that 
terrible  dead  lady-in-waiting  to  a  de- 
ceased duchess  of  Nassau,  who  uriU. 
enter  the  young  ofiicers*  rooms,  where 
she  says  such  di^eadfully  unexpected 
things  that  it  turns  grey  the  fair  or 
sable  locks  of  all  who  hear  them.  And 
this  I  readily  believe. 

How  Genevieve  of  Brabant  roalned 
about  these  banks,  with  no.  other  dress 
than  her  long  golden  hair,  and  with  no 
other  purpose  than  to  relieve  herself  of 
the  affliction  of  a  suspicious  husband, 
is  too  popularly  known  to  need  reca- 
pitulation, lliere  is  a  more  livelj 
oompan J  of  ghostl j  ladiei  at  Aber* 


1854.] 


Rhine'iand  and  its  Romance* 


24d 


werth.  It  comprises  a  troop  of  un- 
nmrried  damsels  who  are  doomed  to 
dance  fiir  ever  uutil  they  find  lovers 
willing  to  marry  them.  Poor  things ! 
It  is  something  too  hard  upon  them 
that  they  should  be  condemned,  when 
defunct,  to  endure  the  same  round  of 
toil  fbr  the  same  foolish  purpose  that 
moved  them  when  living,  but,  the 
penalty  is  retribution.  It  implies  that 
had  the  maidens  waited  to  be  wooed 
at  their  fathers*  hearths,  rather  than 
bound  about  a  ball-room  to  entice  the 
wooers  that  would  not  come,  their  mis- 
sion would  have  been  better  fulfilled. 
And  there  is  something  in  that. 

Of  the  other  ladies  who  linger  perforce 
by  the  Rhine,  and  there  visit  the  pale 
glimpses  of  the  moon,  I  can  only  allude 
to  the  lovely  legion  en  masse.  Their 
separate  tales  are  too  many  to  tell,  and 
what  re(|uircs  to  be  told  is  not  always 
"  tellable."  Some  of  these  spirits  lead 
awfully  immoral  lives,  and  very  few 
are  exemplary  characters.  I  suppose 
that  originally  their  legends,  like  that 
of  Hatto  and  the  rat- tower,  had  some 
significance ;  but  it  were  as  profitable 
to  try  and  weave  ropes  out  of  sand,  or 
squeeze  moisture  from  dust,  as  to  ex- 
tract edification  from  myths  which  deal 
in  ladies  and  gentlemen  who  are  em- 
ployed in  disreputable  proceedings, 
which,  had  they  indulged  in  them  upon 
earth,  would  have  made  society  snun 
them.  Ghosts,  at  least  German  ghosts, 
do  not  ap|)ear  to  be  half  so  particular; 
and  grave  Ko.  3,  inhabited  by  the  most 
serious  of  spirits,  does  not  shake  to  its 
foundation  at  the  character  of  its 
neighbours,  Nos.  2  and  4.  On  the 
contrary,  the  spirits  in  all  three  roam 
abroad  in  company,  and  No.  3  sings 
hymns,  and  looks  calmly  on,  while  2 
and  4  are  comporting  themselves  with 
anything  but  tne  strictest  propriety. 

The  best  of  the  ladies  is  one  who 

Eartakes  both  of  light  legend  and  true 
istory.  I  allude  to  tne  prophetess 
Hildegard,  who  was  one  of  the  nine 
wives  of  Karloman,  and  who  went  tri- 
umphantly through  the  process  of  being 
unjustly  suspected  by  her  husband. 
She  traversed  Europe,  preaching  the 
crusades,  and  uttering  prophecies  which 
will  be  fulfilled  whenever  they  come  to 
pass.  She  was  famous  for  her  heal- 
ing powers,  and  inyented  "  spermaceti 
ointment  for  an  inward  bruise;**  (an 
invention  which  was    patronized    as 


**  the  8overeign*8t  thing  on  earth,**  by 
Hotspur's  carpet  cayalier ;)  she,  further, 
spread  plaisters,  invented  pills,  and 
may  be  altogether  considered  as  the 
patron  saint  presiding  over  patent  me- 
dicines. 

The  legendary  monks  do  not  make 
so  conspicuous  a  figure  in  the  Rhine 
romances  as  the  legendary  ladies.  Their 
spirits  rather  linger  among  the  distant 
and  inland  castles  and  convents  which, 
in  the  olden  time,  were  renowned  for 
their  freedom  from  danger,  and  their 
abundance  of  good  cheer.  But,  how 
ever,  the  river  legends  are  not  entirely 
silent  with  regard  to  the  sons  of  the 
church.  At  Heisterbach,  the  last  Abbat 
of  the  community  still  wanders  about 
the  ruins  of  the  aobey,  looking  in  vain 
for  the  grave  which  is  denied  to  his 
canonized  bones,  until  every  vestige  of 
the  edifice  shall  have  disappeared.  The 
dead  monks  at  Kreuzburg,  who  lie  in 
the  vault  there  uncoffined,  garmented 
as  when  they  lived,  and  who  look  so 
very  dry  and  dusty,  are  accused  of 
being  rather  given  to  jollity  and  illicit 
sports  about  midnight.  "No  one  who 
has  seen  them  would,  for  a  moment, 
suspect  them  of  levity.  Even  the  old 
dead  gardener,  with  his  withered  wreath 
about  his  skull,  the  last  of  the  brother- 
hood there  laid  out  to  rest,  has  as 
severe  a  look  in  his  silent  solemnity  as 
any  of  his  more  reverend  brethren; 
and  yet  is  it  snid  of  him  that  he  sits 
upright  on  his  stone  seat  at  nights,  and 
trolls  such  catches  and  tells  such 
stories,  and  is  so  comic  in  manner  as 
well  as  matter,  that  the  dead  monks 
regularly  die  of  laughing, — until  the 
descent  of  the  night-dew  awakens  them 
again  to  their  nightly  revel. 

What  a  far  more  respectable,  de- 
ceased, churchman  is  the  defunct  and 
gigantic  monk  of  Rheinbreitbach !  His 
name  is  Hammerling,  and  his  ofiice  is 
to  nurse  and  feed  poor  miners  who 
happen  to  get  imprisoned  by  accident 
in  tne  course  of  their  perilous  voca- 
tion. He  is  somewhat  capricious  and 
hasty,  but  compassionate  withal, — and 
he  keeps  a  good  larder  too,  or  how 
could  he  have  maintained  alive,  and 
even  made  fat,  those  seven  miners  who, 
by  the  falling  in  of  their  cavernous 
workshop,  were  confined  seven  years, 
and  were  fo^'*'^  •^uch  better  than 
could  be  r  *    At  Stron- 

berg,  a  said  to 


244 


Rhine-lcmd  and  iU  Romance, 


[March, 


"walk,"  waiting  to  be  married;  the 
walking  and  waiting  being  their  punish- 
ment for  expressmg  a  desire  to  be 
married  when  they  were  in  the  flesh. 
In  the  castle  of  Kheinfels,  there  is  a 
more  ghastly  sight  than  that  of  two 
youthful  novices  wandering  in  cold 
affection.  The  sight  I  allude  to  is  that 
of  the  old  chaplam  of  the  Ck)untess  of 
Katzenellenbogen,  who  poisoned  his 
mistress  by  putting  arsenic  into  the 
sacramental  cup.  The  penalty  of  the 
old  murderer  is  to  be  always  mixing 
the  draught  and  drinking  it  himself. 
There  are  numberless  spectral  abbats 
too  about  this  district  who  bore  no 
very  good  reputation  when  living,  and 
who  are  a  perfect  nuisance  now  they 
are  dead ;  active  in  mischief,  and  ter- 
ribly seductive ;  and  there  is  not  a  poor 
peasant  girl  who  leans  solitarily  against 
a  gate,  with  her  apron  to  her  eyes, 
and  something  at  her  heart  to  keep  it 
aching,  who  does  not  lay  ttie  blame 
upon  these  terribly  Juanic  ghosts,  who 
go  about  in  cowls  and  are  as  licentious 
as  when  they  were  living  I  At  St. 
Goar,  we  meet,  however,  with  the 
name,  if  not  the  spirit,  of  a  respectable 
saint ;  it  is  said  of  him  that  he  could 
hang  his  cloak  on  a  sunbeam  and  pass 
a  whole  year  without  food.  The  un- 
seen spirit  is  active  though  invisible, 
and  once,  when  Karloman  passed  the 
8aint*s  grave  without  stopping  to  hear 
a  mass,  St.  Goar  was  so  irritated  that, 
with  a  breath  which  seemed  to  descend, 
like  a  hurricane,  from  the  hills,  he  over- 
turned the  boat  in  which  the  emperor 
and  his  courtiers  were  seated,  and 
nearly  drowned  the  illustrious  pas- 
sengers in  return  for  their  alleged  im- 
piety. Pepin,  the  son  of  Karloman, 
did  not  forget  the  insult,  and  when,  at 
a  subsequent  period,  his  queen  Ber- 
truda  visited  the  shrine  of  the  saint 
and  was  left  without  refreshment  till 
she  almost  fainted,  Pepin  was  so  in- 
dignant thereat  that  he  went  down  and 
horsewhipped  the  prior!  Karloman 
had  shewn  less  resentment  than  his  son, 
and  returned  good  for  evil.  He  made 
a  present  to  the  monastery  of  that 
wonderful  butt  of  wine,  the  liquor  in 
which  never  ^rew  less,  although  it  was 
for  ever  runnmg  at  the  spigot. 

Karloman  shines  among  the  legendary 
emperors,  of  whose  domes,  however, 
less  is  said  than  we  might  have  ex- 
pected.   Even  the  Kiinigstuhl,  or  coro- 


nation seat,  at  Rhens  has  disappeared, 
solid  masonry  as  it  was ;  it  could  not 
withstand  the  hammering  of  the  French 
republicans.  Marksburg  has  its  true 
stories  more  terrible  than  romance. 
It  was  there  that  Lewis  the  Severe 
murdered  his  wife,  in  a  fit  of  jealousy 
as  ungovernable  as  it  was  unfounded. 
He  beheaded  the  poor  lady  in  her  own 
bed-room,  and  then  flung  all  her  ser- 
vants from  the  highest  turret  of  the 
castle,  as  accomplices  in  a  crime  which 
existed  only  in  his  imagination.  With 
the  exception  of  this  trifling  weak- 
ness, Lewis  was  an  exceedingly  proper 
knight;  stern,  and  apt  to  kill  upon 
contradiction;  but  such  little  foibles 
tarnished  not  the  lustre  of  his  cuirass, 
though  they  have  rather  dulled  the  glory 
of  his  name.  Heymon  of  Dordone 
was  worthy  of  bearing  arms  under  such 
a  master.  This  mirror  of  chivalry,  ac- 
cording to  the  legend,  once  struck  his 
wife  to  the  ground  with  his  gauntleted 
hand,  and  strode  across  her  body  to 
greet  his  newly-discovered  son  Rey- 
nold, whom  he  embraced  with  such  a 
paternal  hug  that  he  laid  the  cartilage 
of  the  young  fellow*s  nose  flat  upon  his 
face  I  Turning  from  him,  he  addressed 
himself  to  the  countess,  whom  he  had 
stretched  upon  the  ground,  and,  with 
the  appellation  of  "  heart's  love,"  po- 
litely requested  her  to  arise.  Reynold, 
in  the  meantime,  smarting  under  his 
smashed  nose,  aflectionatdy  returned 
the  excess  of  his  father's  warmth  by 
protesting,  "  so  help  him  Heaven,  he 
was  well-minded  to  lay  his  sire  dead 
at  his  feet!" 

There  is  nothing  lefl  of  the  palace 
of  Karloman  at  Ingelheim,  save  two  of 
the  hundred  porphyry  columns  blessed 
by  the  pope.  One  of  these  is  in  the 
church ;  the  other  in  a  gateway,  which 
is  itself  a  ruin.  Tradition  speaks  of 
the  great  emperor  riding  out  from 
hence  nightly,  in  disguise,  and  exhibit- 
ing his  imperial  sense  of  humour  in 
the  practical  joke  of  silently  breaking 
open  his  subjects*  houses,  and  carrying 
otf  their  property.  His  sons  are  said 
to  have  played  for  the  succession  to 
his  magnificent  throne,  at  Kempton, 
where  the  young  gamblers  fought  a 
main  of  cocks  for  the  purpose.  The 
game  was  won  by  Ludwig,  and  there- 
with the  terribly  uneasy  throne. 

But  it  is,  afler  all,  the  tricksy  spirits 
that  lend  life  and  loveliness  to  the 


1854.] 


jRhine-land  and  its  Romance. 


245 


Rhine  and  its  legends.  Who  would 
not  have  liked  to  have  belonged  to  the 
monastery  at  Gunsdorf,  that  used  to  be 
visited  every  night  by  fairies  of  the 
most  exquisite  beauty  and  the  lightest 
of  garments,  and  who  used  to  keep  the 
reluctant  old  gentlemen  up  and  feast- 
ing till  cock-crow  ?  Another  fairy  took 
the  form  and  name  of  the  Wondrous 
Harp  of  Luladorf,  in  the  vicinity  of 
which  she  was  to  be  heard  discussing 
such  music  as  might  melt  the  soul. 
There  were  other  fays  whose  homes 
were  beneath  the  waters,  and  who  were 
very  much  given  to  entice  young 
knights  into  the  stream,  and  set  up 
unblessed  households  with  them  in 
bowers  below  the  crystal  waves.  The 
Lurley  Berg 'is  a  height,  the  home- 
place  of  a  million  echoes.  In  the  vici- 
nity once  dwelt  a  maid  who  was  so 
exquisitely  beautiful  that  she  turned 
mad  all  who  looked  upon  her,  and  de- 
spairing husbands  of  the  mravest  cast 
committed  suicide  after  beholding  her. 
The  fatal  siren  was  thereupon  tried  for 
manifold  murder  and  witchcraft,  but 
the  archiepiscopal  judge,  the  lawyers, 
the  witnesses,  and  the  spectators  fell 
80  deeply  in  love  with  her,  that,  like 
the  tribunal  that  absolved  Phryne  when 
the  nymph  was  unveiled  before  it,  the 
court  acquitted  the  accused  by  accla- 
mation. Lurley  still  survives,  in  le- 
gend at  least ;  and  no  pilot  who  steers 
hb  bark  round  the  headland  called  by 
her  name  is  safe  from  being  swept 
overboard,  if  he  raises  his  eyes  as  his 
ears  recognise  the  sound  of  her  harp, 
and  beholds  her  sitting  in  seductive 
beauty,  singing  him  invitations  to  land. 
There  is  no  more  dangerous  place  upon 
the  river — save,  indeed,  in  the  Whisper 
Dell  at  Lorcb,  which  is  noted  for  its 
perils  to  youths  of  tender  hearts  from 
the  tongues  of  sweet-voiced  ladies.  It 
was  at  Lorch  that  the  first  red  wine 
was  made,  and  the  influence  of  the 
grape  is  said  to  be  strong  on  the  lips 
of  either  spirit  or  mortal  who,  having 
drunk  of  the  eloquent  juice,  is  led  by 
his  destiny  to  the  fatal  Valley  of  Whis- 
pers. No  doubt.  It  must  be  confessed 
that  generous  wine,  a  fair  face,  and  a 
pleasant  vale,  form  a  combination  of 
charms  very  suitable  to  put  a  man,  as 
Mr.  Lumpkin  says,  "  in  a  concatena- 
tion accordingly.' 

The  male  followers  of  Oberon  are, 
as  might  be  expected,  rather  rougher 


in  their  moods  than  the  ladies  who  wait 
upon  Titania.  Their  duties,  too,  are 
sometimes  droll,  but  without  signifi- 
cance. There  is  one  whose  mission  it 
is  to  go  in  quest  of  young  ladies  and 
old  nurses ;  and,  when  these  have  per- 
formed the  ofiices  required  at  their 
hands,  they  are  straightway  deprived 
of  their  souls,  which  are  fastened  down 
for  ever,  in  duly  ticketed  pipkins! 
There  are  water- wolfs  and  bottle- imps, 
and  there  are  the  jolly  elf  fraternity  at 
Ehrenthal,  whose  sole  business  it  is, 
like  Chaucer*s  friends,  to 


hold  their  hippes  and  loffe. 


Werlau  is  the  residence  of  the  gnome 
king  of  shadows.  In  the  valley  is  his 
dwelling-place,  and  it  is  said  that  when 
two  young  persons  of  the  locality  be- 
come attached  to  each  other,  there 
spring  up  in  the  valley  two  flowers, 
called  "  soul-flowers."  These  flowers 
may  be  made  an  unerring  test  of  the 
afiection  that  inspires  the  enamoured 

Eair,  by  applying  them  to  the  heart, 
fthe  love  be  true  and  stedfast,  the 
flower  is  instantly  reduced  to  ashes ! 

Stedfast  heart  o*er  Cnpid's  flower 
Hath  such  force  and  blessed  power ! 

With  us,  in  the  olden  time  of  England, 
our  romantic  youth  employed  the 
ranunculus  hulbosus  as  a  test  of  strength 
of  afiection.  In  those  days,  a  swain 
was  wont  to  stufi*  his  pockets  full  of 
"  bachelor's  buttons,"  and,  as  they  flou- 
rished or  withered,  so  did  he  judge  of 
his  lady's  love.  Thus  mine  Host,  in 
the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  says  of 
Fenton's  love  for  sweet  Anne  Page, 
"  He  writes  verses ;  he  speaks  holyday ; 
he  smells  April  and  May ;  he  will  carry 
't !  he  will  carry  't !  'tis  in  his  buttons ; 
he  will  carry  't ! " 

The  Rhine  has  more  legends  than 
those  I  have  told ;  but  such  as  I  have 
cited  of  each  class  will  enable  my  read- 
ers to  conjecture  (if  they  care  to  do 
so)  the  quality  of  the  rest.  I  will, 
therefore,  conclude  with  an  incident 
that  belongs  rather  to  history  than 
romance.  Baccharach  is  the  scene 
where  passed  the  bloody  feuds  main- 
tained by  the  Palatine  Herman  and 
the  Archbishop  Arnold  of  Mainz :  the 
Diet  interfered,  and  condemned  each 
to  carry  a  dog  on  his  shoulders  a  cer- 
tain distance.  The  Palatine  performed 
his  share  of  the  penalty,  with  many  a 
wry  face ;  but  the  Archbishop,  being 


246       Early  Female  Aiceticism'^Paula  and  Eustochium.     [March, 


by  far  too  venerable  a  person  to  be 
punished  in  any  way  but  by  deputy,  a 
certain  number  or  his  vassals  were 
compelled,  to  their  'great  edification, 
to  do  this  good  service  for  their  lord ! 
This  species  of  punishment  was  not 
uncommonly  inflicted  upon  those  who 
broke  the  peace  of  the  empire,  or  who 
were  notoriously  tyrannical  as  vice- 
gerents of  the  emperor.    The  nobles 


were  compelled  to  carry  a  cur-dog, 
vassals  a  stool,  and  peasants  a  plough- 
wheel,  on  their  shoulders,  to  the  bounds 
of  the  adjacent  lordship,  and  to  endure 
patiently  every  insult  offered  them 
DY  the  way.  As  we  have  seen,  high 
churchmen  could  pay  the  penalty  by 
representatives, — twenty  vassals  l)eing 
accounted  equivalent  to  one  arch- 
bishop !  J.  DoSAN. 


EARLY  FEMALE  ASCETICISM— PAULA  ANP  EUSTOCHIUM. 


THE  tender  admiration  with  which 
females  regard  their  spiritual  directors, 
is  a  subject  which  in  all  ages  has 
aroused  the  mirth  of  those  who  sit  in 
the  seat  of  the  scorner — a  mirth  which 
we  confess  finds  no  response  in  our  own 
bosoms.  The  fact,  indeed,  that  women 
are,  from  their  organization,  more  sus- 
ceptible of  religious  impressions  than 
the  coarser  sex,  is  one  which  no  psycho* 
loffist  will  hesitate  to  acknowleage,  and 
this  being  admitted,  it  cannot  very 
much  excite  our  surprise  that  the 
preachers  and  teachers  of  religion 
should  obtain  a  large  share  in  the  vene- 
ration awakened  by  the  doctrines  they 
hnpart. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  instances 
of  these  spiritual  liaisons  that  we  find 
recorded  in  the  pages  of  history,  is  that 
which  existed  between  St.  Jerome  and 
the  devout  coterie  by  which  he  was 
surrounded.  To  his  works  we  are  al- 
ready indebted  ;*  and  we  design  now  to 
borrow  from  them  some  of  the  epitaphs 
by  which  he  rewarded  the  most  emi- 
nent of  his  female  followers  for  their 
enthusiastic  respect  for  his  person,  and 
diligent  observance  of  his  tenets.  We 
must  here,  however,  warn  the  reader 
that,  by  epitaphs,  he  is  not  to  undcr^ 
stand  those  orief  inscriptions  on  the 
tomb  which  are  signified  by  that  term 
hi  modern  times :  these  epitaphs  were 
epistles  addressed  to  some  mourning 
relative  or  friend,  which,  while  they 
give  a  short  history  of  the  deceased, 
and  eulogise  her  virtues,  not  only  urge 
the  survivor  to  emulate  the  bright  ex- 
ample, but,  in  some  instances,  combine 
a  gentle  chastisement  with  the  exhor- 


tation which  the  subject  naturally  gives 
rise  to. 

In  entering  upon  this  task,  it  is  urith 
pleasure  that  we  leave  below  us  the 
mists  of  fiction,  and  ascend  to  the  purer 
atmosphere  of  historical  truth.  Here 
we  find  no  idle  tales  of  wild  beasts  con- 
tradicting their  nature ;  but  we  have 
revealed  to  us  conflicts  between  pas- 
sion and  principle  that  really  occurred, 
and  sorrows  which  the  heart  only  too 
well  knew.  Perhaps,  indeed,  the  par- 
tiality of  the  Director  for  his  disciples, 
and  the  friend  for  his  friends,  has  led 
the  Saint  to  touch  somewhat  too  lightly 
on  the  follies  and  weaknesses  of  these 
devout  ladies,  and  to  paint  in  colours 
too  vivid  their  constancy  and  virtue. 
Perhaps,  too,  not  unfreauently  when 
their  oiographer  sees  their  highest 
triumph,  the  Protestant  reader  will, 
accordinff  to  bis  mood,  find  occasion 
for  the  sigh  of  compassion,  or  the  smile 
of  contempt :  but,  notwithstanding  this, 
we  have  no  reason  to  doubt  that  in 
these  epitaphs  we  have  before  us  a  por- 
traiture, on  the  whole  not  unfaithful, 
of  the  lives  and  conversation  of  several 
Christian  ladies  of  rank  in  the  second 
half  of  the  fourth  century. 

The  name  which  first  strikes  the  eye 
in  the  long  catalogue  of  female  excel- 
lence, is  that  of  the  widow  Paula.  Her 
biographer's  admiration  for  this  lady 
was  such  as  to  induce  hiqi  to  sound 
her  praises  in  language  of  hyperbole, 
which,  almost  overstepping  even  poeti- 
cal licence,  is  altogether  unsuited  to 
the  stricter  decorum  of  the  historical 
muse.  "  Were  all  my  members,**  criet 
he,  "changed  into  tongues,  all  ani- 


MalchuB  the  Captin  Mopk,  in  ovr  Number  for  Oct.  p.  874. 


1854.]     Early  Female  Aacetidsm'^Paula  and  Euitochium,         247 


mated  with  a  human  voice,  my  praises 
would  still  be  unequal  to  the  merits  of 
the  holy  and  venerable  Paula." 

Nature  and  fortune,  indeed,  had 
conspired  to  pour  forth  their  choicest 
gifts  on  the  subject  of  his  memoir.  On 
the  score  of  high  birth — an  advantage 
which  Jerome  openly  extols — her  pre- 
tensions were  singularly  lofty,  though 
perhaps  they  would  shrink  from  a 
searching  examination :  *  her  father, 
indeed,  traced  his  origin  from  Aga- 
memnon, king  of  men,  and  her  mother 
claimed  connection  with  iEmilius 
Paulus,  the  Gracchi,  and  the  Scipios. 
The  more  certain  advantages  of  wealth 
and  beauty  the  lady  certainly  possessed, 
and  was  happily  married  to  Toxotius, 
whose  lineage,  derived  from  ^Eneas, 
was  scarcely  less  illustrious  than  her 
own ;  and  five  children,  four  daughters, 
and  the  youngest  a  son  who  inheriteil 
the  name  of  his  father,  blessed  the 
nuptial  couch.  While  her  husband 
lived,  the  behaviour  of  Paula  and  her 
daughters  was  but  little  distinguished 
from  that  of  the  other  noble  and  weal- 
thy matrons  of  Rome ;  but  no  sooner 
was  he  gathered  to  his  fathers,  than  a 
marked  change  came  over  the  spirit 
of  the  widow  and  orphans,  who  now 
exhibited  the  same  zeal  in  almsgiving 
and  other  good  works  which  they  had 
previously  displayed  in  the  pursuit  of 
vanities  and  frivolities.  Already  in 
the  midst  of  a  crowded  and  luxurious 
city  had  the  saintly  Marcella  set  the  ex- 
ample of  monastic  austerity ;  and  at  her 
instigation,  and  under  her  tuition,  Paula 
and  the  little  Eustochium  adopted  the 
same  severe  rule.  Monasticism,  how- 
ever, for  some  time  made  no  great  way 
in  the  Italian  peninsula,  until,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  372,  a  synod  was 
convened  at  Rome  by  imperial  letters, 
for  the  purpose  of  composing  the  dis- 
sensions which  had  for  near  forty  years 
distracted  the  Antiochene  Church. 
Among  the  mitred  throng  were  Epi- 
phanius  of  Constantia  and  Paulinus  of 
Antioch,  and  in  the  train  of  the  latter 
came  Jerome,  the  true  founder  of 
western  asceticism.  To  the  pious  Paula 
was  conceded  the  envied  honour  of 
receiving  in  her  house  the  Bishop  of 
Constantia,  while  Paulinus  and  Jerome, 
though  lodging  in  another  mansion. 


oame  in  for  no  small  share  of  her  hos« 
pitable  attention.  Puring  the  resi« 
dence  of  the  latter  in  Rome,  his  seal 
and  eloquence  gained  him  golden  opi- 
nions from  all  sort^  of  persons,  and 
many-tongued  rumour  named  him  as 
probable  successor  to  the  papal  chair. 
Among  his  most  ardent  partisans  he 
might  boast  many  high-born  dames,  of 
whom  we  will  only  name  the  subjects 
of  our  notice,  Paula  and  Eustochium^ 
along  with  Marcella,  Feliciana,  and  the 
more  celebrated  Melania^ 

Under  the  gnidance  of  the  popular 
preacher,  those  who  had  already  en« 
tered  on  a  recluse  life,  sought  out  a 
still  closer  retirement;  and,  the  new 
sect  having  now  gained  the  prestige  of 
fashion,  each  day  brought  fresh  con* 
verts  to  its  ranks.  And  this  way  of 
life,  though  perhaps  adopted  in  the 
first  instance  from  caprice  or  tfimtlt. 
was  by  no  means  one  of  light  or  trivial 
sacrifice.  The  easy  indolence  of  mo* 
dern  devotion  would  shrink  appalled 
from  the  labours  and  sufferings  which 
these  pious  women  imposed  on  them- 
selves. With  practices  of  self-denial 
the  most  abhorrent  to  our  nature,  they 
combined  a  depth  of  learning  whiob 
posterity  will  be  content  to  admire^ 
without  attempting  to  emulate.  Not 
only  did  their  eager  spirit  of  inqnirjr 
penetrate  the  most  abstruse  mysteries 
of  theology,  but  the  difiiculties  pt^» 
sented  by  tde  study  of  languages  formed 
no  barrier  to  their  active  research* 
The  Hebrew  tongue  is  known  to  pre- 
sent these  to  the  learner  in  a  remark- 
able degree.  In  earlier  times,  indeed, 
Origen,  whose  unwearied  application 
gained  him  the  surnames  of  the  Ada* 
mantine  and  Braisen-bowels,  had  more 
than  once  thrown  aside  his  books  ill 
despair ;  and,  subsequently,  the  acute 
and  learned  Jerome  found  the  trial  al- 
most too  great  even  for  Aw  perseverance. 
Where,  however,  these  ripe  and  able 
scholars  encountered  stumbling-blocks, 
the  new  devotees  found  only  such  ob* 
stacles  as  enhanced  the  pleasure  of 
success.  A  mere  enumeration  of  the 
titles  of  Jerome*8  letters  to  Marcella 
would  exhibit  the  variety  of  subjects 
which  occupied  the  minds  of  the  re- 
cluses, and  would,  we  think,  make 
modern  ascetics  hide  their  heads  In 


*  On  the  pedigrees  of  the  Roman  senators  nnder  the  later  emperors,  see  Gibbon's 
Decline  and  Fall,  iii.  195. 


248        Early  Female  Asceticism^^Paula  and  Eustochium.      [March, 


humble  acknowledgment  of  their  own 
inferiority.  As  a  specimen  we  give  the 
following : — The  Ten  Hebrew  Names 
of  the  Deity,  Certain  Hebrew  Words, 
The  Word  Diapsalma,  The  Ephod  and 
Teraphim,  The  Commentaries  of  Rhe- 
ticius,  The  Montanists,  The  Novatian 
Heretics,  and  The  Hebrew  Alphabet ; 
with  which,  though  more  remain  be- 
hind, we  close  the  appalling  cata- 
logue. 

The  strict-est  life,  however,  will  have 
its  moments  of  relaxation,  the  austerest 
persons  their  outbreaks  of  gaiety;  and 
so  it  was  with  the'Koman  recluses. 
One  of  those  melancholy  attempts  at 
mirth  we  shall  give,  not  as  bein^  ex- 
cellent in  its  kind,  but  as  the  briefest 
we  can  select.  It  must  be  premised 
that  Marcella  and  her  friends  have 
sent  some  presents  to  Paula  and  Eu- 
stochium,  and  that  the  latter,  in  acknow- 
ledging the  receipt  of  the  gif1»,  are 
supposed  to  have  called  to  their  aid  the 
more  practised  pen  of  their  director. 
The  letter  inins  as  follows : — 

Paula  and  Eustochium  to  Marcella  and 

the  ladies  of  her  Society. 

Our  persons  being  separated,  our  sole 

consolation  is  in  the  intercourse  of  the 

ioul,  and  in  this  friendly  duty  we  do,  each 

and  all  of  us,  what  we  can.     You  send  us 

Presents,  and  we  give  you  letters  in  return, 
n  doing  so,  however,  we  must  not  for- 
get we  are  veiled  nuns,  and  as  such  are 
bound  to  prove  that  some  mysteries  are 
latent  in  your  gifts.  The  sackcloth  sig- 
nifies fasting  and  prayer,  while  the  chairs 
remind  us  that  nuns  out  of  doors  are  out 
of  place  ;  the  candles,  that  we  should  keep 
our  lights  burning,  and  so  await  the  coming 
of  the  Bridegroom ;  the  cups  indicate  mor- 
tification of  the  flesh,  and  a  mind  ever 
prepared  for  martyrdom,— ^r  the  irUoxi' 
eating  cup  qf  the  Lord,  how  glorious  is 
it/  Your  offering  us  little  fly-flaps  ele- 
gantly intimates  that  we  should  lose  no 
time  in  extinguishing  the  lusts  of  the  flesh; 
for  flies  perish  in  an  hour,  and  dry  up  the 
oil  of  sweetness.  Let  this  be  a  model  for 
virgins — this  an  example  for  matrons.  Us, 
however,  your  gifts  suit  only  too  well, 
though  in  another  and  worse  sense.  We 
are  idle,  so  have  use  for  your  chairs ;  we 
are  penitents,  so  need  your  sackcloth ;  we 
drink  wine,  so  require  your  cups.  Again, 
too,  our  terrors  by  night,  and  our  minds 
kept  always  alarmed  by  the  consciousness 
of  guilt,  make  your  candles  when  lighted 
most  pleasant  companions  by  our  bed-side. 

In  such  innocent  occupations  passed 
monotonously,  but  not  tediously,  the 
3 


hours  of  the  ascetics.  But,  in  a  city 
like  Rome,  innocence  and  piety  formed 
no  protection  against  the  envenomed 
tooth  of  malice.  There,  as  Jerome 
with  some  bitterness  remarks,  people 
deemed  it  the  highest  triumph  to  defile 
what  was  pure,  and  bring  down  the 
reputation  of  others  to  the  level  of 
their  own.  The  Roman  clergy  had 
long  repined  at  Jerome*s  brilliant  suc- 
cess, and  now  found  a  ready  instru- 
ment of  their  malice  in  a  worthless 
wretch,  who  ventured  obscurely  to  in- 
timate that  he  had  been  witness  of 
some  unseemly  conduct  on  the  part  of 
Jerome  and  the  saintly  Paula.  A  ju- 
dicial investigation  ensued,  the  exact 
nature  of  which  we  know  not ;  but  the 
man,  being  put  to  the  torture,  retracted 
his  previous  statement.  The  historian 
of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman 
Empire  expresses  himself  satisfied  of 
the  innocence  of  the  lady  and  her  di- 
rector; and  the  evidence  which  in  such 
a  case  is  sufficient  for  him,  will  easily 
find  acceptance  with  others. 

Though  acquitted  of  this  charge,  the 
public  voice  brought  another  against 
the  preacher  of  asceticism,  from  which 
he  could  not  so  easily  clear  himself. 
It  was  urged  that  from  him  his  prose- 
lytes had  learnt,  in  the  observance  of 
useless  practices  of  superfluous  self- 
denial,  to  neglect  the  xluties  of  that 
station  to  which  Providence  had  called 
them ;  and  on  more  than  one  occa- 
sion the  murmurs  of  the  people  were 
near  breaking  out  into  open  violence. 
Paula's  eldest  daughter,  Blsesilla,  had 
been  left  a  widow  at  the  age  of  twenty, 
upon  which  she  betook  herself  to  se- 
clusion, and  by  study  and  fasting  soon 
brought  herself  to  an  untimely  end. 
The  grief  of  Paula  for  her  loss  was  so 
excessive  as  somewhat  to  scandalise  the 
devout  sect  to  which  she  belonged. 
When  her  daughter  was  laid  in  the 
tomb,  she  was  borne  away  insensible — 
a  sight  which  exasperated  the  by- 
standers to  such  a  degree  that  Jerome 
was  in  danger  from  their  fury.  They 
muttered  to  one  another,  he  tells  us, 
**  Is  not  this  just  what  we  said  ?  The 
lady  hoped  to  have  seen  her  daughter 
happy  in  a  second  marriage,  and  now 
she  sees  her  brought  to  the  grave  by 
those  execrable  fasts.  Had  we  but  the 
spirit  of  men,  we  should  drive  this  de- 
testable race  of  monks  from  the  city, 
if  we  did  not  rather  stone  them  to 


1854.]     Early  Female  Asceticism — Paula  and  Buitochium.  249 


death,  or  fling  them  headlong  into  the 
Tiber." 

The  hatred  of  the  rival  clergy  might 
be  endured,  but  the  animosity  of  the 
populace  made  Jerome*s  position  so 
pamful,  that  he  determined  on  quitting 
the  city,  and  seeking  in  the  holy  regions 
of  Palestine  a  refuge  from  the  angry 
passions  of  men.  The  natural  aftec- 
tions — lively  as  they  were  in  the  breast 
of  Paula — gave  way  to  her  desire  of 
relisious  perfection,  and  her  veneration 
for  her  spiritual  suide.  Leaving  her 
two  youngest  children  to  the  care  of 
their  relations,  she  embarked  with 
Eustochium  and  some  female  attend- 
ants on  board  the  vessel  which,  in  the 
August  of  the  year  375,  bore  Jerome 
from  the  shores  of  Italy.  We  are  told 
that,  while  the  gaze  of  the  other  pas- 
sengers was  bent  on  the  shores  from 
which  they  were  fast  receding,  Paula, 
as  a  final  triumph  of  resignation  and 
self-sacrifice,  kept  her  eyes  averted 
from  the  strand,  on  which  her  young 
children  stood  weeping,  and  pitifully 
imploring  her  return. 

Arrived  in  Syria,  the  pilgrims  under 
the  guidance  of  Jerome  visited  all  the 
spots  ia  the  Holy  Land  which  the  Old 
and  New  Testament  have  consecrated 
to  memory.  "We  shall  not  follow  them 
closely  in  their  route.  The  scenes  of 
the  Birth  and  Passion  of  our  Saviour 
naturally  excited  in  Paula's  ardent 
mind  the  tenderest  emotion.  In  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  her 
pious  transports  were  such  that  she  not 
only  kissed  the  stone  which,  if  we  may 
trust  tradition,  the  angel  rolled  away 
from  the  mouth  of  the  tomb,  but 
actually  licked  the  site  on  which  our 
Lord's  body  is  said  to  have  reposed. 
In  the  Cave  of  Bethlehem,  the  en- 
thusiastic matron  fell  into  a  trance  in 
which  were  revealed  to  her  waking 
eyes  the  early  incidents  of  the  gospel- 
narrative  :  the  Holy  Babe  lying  in  the 
manger  tended  by  his  Virgin-Mother, 
the  visit  of  the  Magi,  the  slaughter  of 
the  Innocents,  and  the  flight  of  the 
Holy  Family  into  Egypt.  Having 
wandered  over  Palestine,  the  travellers 
made  their  way  to  the  realm  of  the 
Pharaohs,  and  visited  the  cells  of  Nitria, 
where,  as  the  Saint  plays  upon  the 
word,  the  filth  of  the  sms  of  many  was 
daily  washed  away  by  the  pure  nitre  of 
virtue.  The  courteous  reception  of  the 
lady  and  her  retinue  by  Isiaore  Bishop 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  aLI. 


and  Confessor  and  other  pillars  of  Che 
Church  almost  determined  her  to  end 
her  days  in  that  **  town  of  the  Lord  ;*' 
but  the  Quick  eye  of  her  Director  dis- 
cerned that  even  in  that  peaceful  re- 
tirement "vipers"  lay  hidden,  by 
which  we  are  to  understand  that  some 
of  the  Solitaries  were  infected  with  the 
errors  of  Orisen.  This  discovery  of 
Jerome's  and  ner  own  longing  for  the 
scenes  of  the  Grospel-narrative  induced 
the  widow  to  adhere  to  her  original 
design,  and,  returning  by  sea  to  Pa- 
lestine, she  fixed  her  abode  at  Beth- 
lehem, where,  as  we  have  before  had 
occasion  to  mention,  in  the  course  of 
the  three  following  years,  she  built  four 
monasteries,  three  for  nuns,  which  she 
directed  herself,  and  one  for  monks, 
which  she  entrusted  to  the  conduct  of 
Jerome;  and,  not  satisfied  with  this,  on 
that  very  spot  where  four  hundred 
years  before  Joseph  and  Mary  had  in 
vain  sought  for  shelter,  she  erected  a 
hospice  or  lodging-house  for  the  re- 
ception of  wa^pvorn  pilgrims.  Though 
herself  Superior  of  these  houses,  she 
and  her  daughter  did  not  shrink  from 
performing  with  their  own  hands  the 
very  lowest  menial  ofiices  which  their 
management  required.  They  who  had 
once  shuddered  at  the  filth  and  in- 
equalities of  the  public  streets,  and  had 
been  borne  aloft  in  luxurious  indolence 
on  the  shoulders  of  eunuchs — who  had 
found  their  silken  robes  almost  too 
great  a  burden  for  their  delicate  firames, 
might  now  be  seen  trimming  the  lamp, 
kindling  the  fire,  shelling  legumes, 
boiling  potherbs,  and  spreading  the 
board  with  their  scanty  meal. 

Zeal  b'ke  this  will  ever  find  cavillers. 
A  whisperer — one  of  a  most  pernicious 
class  of  men,  as  the  Saint  justly  ob- 
serves— intimated  to  the  enthusiast  that 
the  public  voice  proclaimed  her  to  be 
a  madwoman.  The  lady,  however,  was 
not  for  a  moment  at  a  loss  for  an 
answer.  "We  are  fools  for  Christ's 
sake,"  returned  she,  "  and  the  wisdom 
of  God  is  the  foolishness  of  men." 

The  rules  which  she  laid  down  for 
the  management  of  her  nunneries  aflbrd 
a  striking  instance  of  the  singular  prac- 
tical ability  which  we  find  not  unfre- 
quently  combined  with  extraordinary 
religious  zeal;  but  this  subject  we  must 
pass  over,  contenting  ourselves  with 
remarking  that  to  govern  by  example 
rather  than  precept  was  Uie  comer- 

2K 


250       Earfy  Female  Asceticietn — Paula  and  Eustochium*     [March, 


stone  of  her  system .  With  respect  to  her 
diet,  its  meagreness  was  such  as  to  call 
forth  the  censure  of  her  spiritual  ad- 
visers. In  the  heats  of  July  she  was  at- 
tacked by  a  fever,  and  for  some  time  her 
life  was  despaired  of,  but  the  disorder 
taking  a  favourable  turn,  her  medical 
attendants  recommended  the  use  of  a 
little  thin  wine;  the  patient,  however, 
was  resolute  in  refusing  it,  and  Jerome, 
thinking  that  Episeopalau  thority  would 
be  more  likely  to  prevail,  requested 
Epiphanius  to  expostulate  with  the  re- 
fractory ascetic.  The  Bishop  undertook 
the  task,  and,  on  his  leaving  the  invalid's 
chamber,  was  questioned  by  Jerome  as 
to  his  success,  **  My  success  has  been 
great  truly,"  replied  Epiphanius  with 
a  smile;  ^*she  has  almost  persuaded 
me  myself  to  give  up  the  use  of  wine, 
though  none  would  refuse  the  in- 
dulgence to  my  advanced  years." 

The  heresy  of  Origen  had  now  for 
many  years    distracted    the  Eastern 
Churches ;  and  it  was  not  to  be  sup- 
posed that   the  leaders   of  that  sect 
Would  leave  unattempted  a  conquest 
so  important  as  Paula.    An  Origenist 
endeavoured  to  perplex  the  mind  of 
the  widow  with  same  of  those  questions 
which  occupied  in  the  middle  ages  the 
restless  ingenuity  of  the  schoolmen, 
and  which  Charles  Lamb  has  happily 
termed  the  "  rottenest  part  of  the  core 
of  the  fruit  that  fell  from  the  tree  of 
knowledge."    Their  profanity  and  in- 
decorum arc  such  that  there  are  only 
two  of  the  number  which  we  can  cite 
with  a  clear  conscience,  the  one  being, 
''What  sin  has  an  infant  committed 
that  it  should  be  possessed  by  a  demon  ?" 
and  the  other,  "In  the  resurrection 
what  will  be  the  age  of  those  who  rise 
again  ? — that  at  which  they  died  ? — if 
80,  deceased  infants  will  have  need  of  a 
nurse ;  but  if  of  a  different  age,  in  that 
case  the  resurrection  of  the  dead,  as  it 
is  called,  will  be  a  transformation  into 
other  persons."   The  conclusion  sought 
to  be  established  was,  that  creatures 
endowed  with  reason  had  been  guilty 
of  sin  in  a  state  of  pre- existence,  and 
80  had  been  condemned  to  imprison- 
ment in  human  bodies,  and  that  their 
condition  in  this  world  was  more  or 
less  tolerable  according  to  the  magni- 
tude of  the  offences  they^had  committed 
before  they  entered  it.    The  lady  re- 
ferred these  hard  questions  to    her 
Director,  who  at  once  hastened  to  en* 


counter  the  "pestilent  viper  and  deadly 
beast,"  as  in  his  forcible  language  he 
terms  him ;  and  his  triumphant  r^u- 
tation  of  the  quibbles  of  the  Origenist 
quickly  brought  satisfaction  to  himself, 
and  serenity  to  the  mind  of  his  disciple. 
In  the  meanwhile,  the  narrow  cell 
of  the  recluse  could  not  entirely  shut 
out  the  alternate  joys   and  sorrows 
which  fall  to  the  lot  of  those  who  take 
upon  themselves  the  cares  and  duties 
of  maternity.    In  the  year  397  died 
Paula's  second  daughter  Paulina,  wife 
of  that  Pammachius  who  in  early  life 
had  been  Jerome's  fellow-student  at 
Treves  ;  but  this  loss  was  perhaps 
more  than   compensated  to  the  sor- 
rowing relatives  by  the  widower's  em- 
bracing the  monastic  profession.    The 
domestic  circumstances  of  ToxoUus, 
on  the  contrary,  brought  unmixed  plea- 
sure to  the  heart  of  his  mother.    In 
the  pride  and  thoughtlessness  of  youth 
he  had  irreverently  scoffed  at  the  saintly 
Jerome  as  a  fool  and  a  madman  ;  but 
becoming  the  husband  of  LaBta,  who, 
though  daughter  of  the  Heathen  Pontiff, 
was  herself  an  eminent  example  of 
Christian    piety,    a    salutary   change 
was  quickly  wrought  upon  his  way- 
ward spirit.    The  devout  Lata,  like  a 
second  Hannah,  had  dedicated  to  God, 
even  before  its  birth,  the  first  offspring 
of  the  marriage,  and  it  proving  to  be 
a  girl,  she  gave  it  the  name  of  its 
ascetic  ^randam.     The  joy  which  this 
event  diffused  throughout  the  Nun- 
neries of  Bethlehem  was  destined  soon 
to  receive  an  increase.      Jerome,  on 
hearing  of  the  child's  birth,  wrote  an 
epistle  to  its  mother,  giving  precepts 
for  its  instruction  in  morality  and  reli- 
gion :  the  letter  concluding  with  the 
remark,  that  such  instruction  was  best 
to  be  found  in  the  retirement  of  Beth- 
lehem ;  and  promisinff  that,  if  the  child 
were  sent  thither,  the  writer  would 
himself  act  as  its  governor  and  nurse 
— would  bear  it  on  his  aged  shotdders, 
and  teach  its  lisping  tongue  to  utter 
the  accents  of  praise ;  and  would  deem 
himself  made  more  glorioxis  by  such  a 
charge,  than  if,  like  Aristotle,  he  had 
the  future  Master  of  the  World  en- 
trusted to  his  guidance.    Thus  sum- 
moned, the  fond  parents  did  not  hesitate 
to  expose  their  nrst-bom  to  the  perils 
of  the  ocean.    The  infant  arrived  at 
Bethlehem ;  and,  to  the  delight  of  the 
doting  Paula,  it  was  heard,  while  /et 


1854.]    Early  Female  Ascetidsnv^Paula  and  Eustochium.  251 


in  its  cradle,  to  murmur  an  indistinct 
Hallelujah — a  precocity  which  the  re- 
cluses around  were  disposed  to  ascribe 
to  miraculous  interposition. 

The  expenses  of  building  and  main- 
taining four  monasteries  and  a  hospice 
were  heavy  enough  to  exhaust  even 
the  large  property  of  the  heiress  of 
Agamemnon  and  the  Graccbi.  To  the 
latter,  in  especial,  great  crowds  re- 
sorted, drawn  thither  not  only  by  the 
desire  of  viewing  the  holy  places  around, 
but  also  by  the  world-wide  celebrity 
of  the  foundress ;  and  the  burden  at 
length  became  so  great  that  Jerome  in 
the  year  397  sent  his  young  brother, 
Faulious,  to  their  birthplace  in  Pan- 
nonia,  with  instructions  to  make  some- 
thing, if  possible,  of" the  ruined  farm- 
houses which,  after  the  ravages  of  the 
Goths,  were  all  that  remained  to  them 
of  their  paternal  property ;  at  the  same 
time,  in  a  letter  to  Fammachius,  he 
expresses  his  fears  that  himself  and 
Paula  would  be  found  like  the  man  in 
the  gospel,  who  began  to  build  a  tower 
and  cotmted  not  the  cost.  The  widow's 
liberality  indeed  exceeded  all  reason- 
sible  bounds,  for,  not  satisfied  with  ex- 
hausting her  own  resources,  she  bor- 
rowed large  sums  of  money,  with  no 
prospect  of  repaying  them.  Her  more 
prudent  Director  reminded  her  that  our 
Saviour  enjoins  him  only  that  hath  two 
coats  to  give  to  him  that  hath  none ; 
but  was  met  by  a  sophism,  which  does 
no  great  credit  to  the  judgment  of 
Paula.  "  If  I  ask  for  money,"  argued 
the  lady,  "  there  are  many  who  will 
readily  lend  it  me  :  but  for  this  beggar, 
unless  I  relieve  his  wants,  as  I  can  do 
by  borrowing  elsewhere,  he  will  per- 
haps die,  and  then  at  whose  hands  will 
his  soul  be  required  ?  "  The  result  of 
this  unfair  reasoning  was,  that  at  her 
decease  there  devoWed  upon  Jerome 
and  Eustochium  the  burden  of  her 
debts,  and  the  charge  of  maintaining 
vast  crowds  of  pilgrmis,  whom,  as  her 
biographer  remarks,  it  was  all  but  im- 
possible to  support,  yet  impious  to  cast 
off. 


At  length,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
404,  and  m  the  55  th  of  her  age,  Paula 
fell  into  a  languishing  disorder,  and 
before  long  it  was  evident  that  her  laat 
hour  was  approaching.  By  her  bed- 
side stood  Jerome  and  Eustochium, 
John  of  Jerusalem,  and  many  other 
bishops,  while  the  apartment  was 
crowded  with  presbyters  and  monks, 
mingled  with  the  nuns  of  the  con- 
vents she  had  founded.  Her  Direc- 
tor observing  that  for  some  time  she 
had  lain  silent,  thought  she  was  in 
pain,  and  asking  if  anything  ailed  her, 
received  for  answer  that  she  had  now 
nothing  to  trouble  her — every  thing 
seemed  quiet  and  tranquil.  After  this 
she  kept  repeating  in  a  faint  voice  some 
verses  of  the  Psalms,  and  at  length, 
making  the  sign  of  the  cross,  breathed 
her  last  breath  in  sounding  the  praises 
of  the  Lord.  The  crowd  around  fol- 
lowed her  example,  and  at  the  solemn 
moment  of  her  departure  broke  out 
into  no  idle  lamentations,  but  endea- 
voured to  console  their  grief  by  holy 
chaunts  and  hymns.  Bishops  bore  her 
body  to  the  tomb,  and  her  remains 
were  laid  in  the  Church  of  the  Cave  of 
the  Nativity,  where  the  wail  of  the 
mourners  in  the  Latin,  the  Greek,  and 
the  Syrian  tongues,  continued  during 
a  whole  week  without  ceasing. 

The  learned  pen  of  Jerome  has  in- 
dited some  hexameter  lines  in  praise 
of  his  disciple,  which  were  inscribed  on 
her  tomb,  and  of  which  we  will  only 
say  that  the  execution  is  altogether 
unequal  to  the  pious  affection  that 
inspired  them.  In  better  taste  he  com- 
posed her  epitaph,  being  an  epistle  to 
the  bereaved  Eustochium,  which  was,  as 
he  tells  us,  dictated  to  an  amanuensis, 
for,  when  he  attempted  to  write,  his  hand 
sank,  unnerved  by  grief,  and  refused 
the  mournful  office.  To  that  record  it  is 
that  we  are  indebted  for  the  preceding 
brief  detail  of  the  life  and  conversation 
of  the  ascetic  Paula,  in  which,  if  there 
is  much  we  may  blame  or  may  cavil 
at,  there  is  assuredly  no  less  that  com- 
mands our  respect  and  admiration. 


F.  J.  V. 


252 


THE  OXFORD  EDITION  OF  THE  SEPTUAGINT. 

H IIAAAIA  AIAOHKH  KATA  TOT2  EBAOMHKONTA.  Vetus  Testamentum  ex  Versione 
Septuaginta  Interpretum,  secandam  exemplar  Vaticanum  Rome  editum.  Accedit 
Potior  Varietal  Codicis  Alexandrini.  Oxonii,  E  Typographeo  Academico.  1848. 
3  torn.  12ino. 

H  nAAAlA  AIAOHKH.  Vet.  Test,  et  Libb.  Apoc.  ex  Versione  LXX.  Interpp.  ex 
edit.  Bos.    4  toIs.  8vo.     Oxod.  1805. 

H  IIAAAIA  AIAOHKH  ».  r.  X.  Accedunt  Varis  Lectiones  e  Cod.  Alex.  Necnon 
Introduct.  J.  B.  CarpzoT.     Oxon.  1817.  6  vols.  8vo. 

H  DAAAIA  AIAOHKH  x.  r.  X.  LoDdini,  Excudebat  Rogerus  Daniel,  &c.  1653.  IN 
SACRA  BIBLIA  GRiECA  ex  Versione  LXX.  Interpp.  SCHOLIA;  simul  et 
Interpp.  Ceeterorum  Lectiones  Variantes.     Excudebat  Rogerus  Daniel.     1653. 

H  IIAAAIA  AlAeHKH  «.  r.  X.  Cantab.  Excusum  per  Joannem  Field,  Typographum 
Academicum.     1665.     16mo. 


IN  our  last  number  we  devoted  a 
considerable  space  to  the  notice  of  the 
edition  of  the  Septuagint,  lately  pub- 
lished by  the  Christian  Knowledge 
Society  for  the  benefit  of  the  Greek 
clergy.  We  now  propose  to  take  a 
more  summary  review  of  the  last  edition 
of  the  LXX.  which  issued  from  the 
Oxford  Press.  We  fear  our  readers 
will  find  it  even  more  exceptionable 
and  blameworthy  than  that  of  the  So- 
ciety. It  is  not  pleasant  to  find  fault 
with  our  Alma  Afater,  for  whom  we 
entertain  sincere  love  and  profound 
veneration,  and  we  shall  forfeit  every 
claim  to  public  confidence,  unless  we 
substantiate  the  charges  we  advance. 

It  should  be  premised,  that  when 
the  former  article  was  written,  we  were 
not  in  possession  of  this  Oxford  edition 
of  the  LXX.  We  had  heard  that  it 
contained  the  spurious  parts  of  Esther, 
and  we  condemned  it  accordingly  on 
that  account.  But  it  was  not  till  after 
that  article  was  printed,  that  we  were 
enabled  to  appreciate  its  entire  cha- 
racter, which  we  shall  now  endeavour 
to  place  before  our  readers. 

From  the  time  of  the  Reformation, 
there  have  been  two  distinct  orders  of 
arrangiD<7  the  books  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment. The  one  is  the  ancient  order, 
which  dates  from  the  days  of  Origen 
and  Jerome,  and  which  intermixes  the 
apocryphal  with  the  canonical  books. 
It  is  not  pretended  that  this  is  critically 
correct,  or  that  this  order  existed  in 
the  days  of  Christ  and  his  apostles.  It 
is  not  pretended  that  it  is  contemporary 
with  the  version  of  the  LXX.  or  that 
any  of  these  apocryphal  writings  were 
made,  or  introduced,  by  the  translators. 
Having  no  Hebraic  original,  they  can- 


not really  form  part  of  the  Septuagint. 
They  can  be  regarded  in  no  other  Tieht 
than  as  ancient  Hellenistic  interpola- 
tions, by  unknown  writers. 

When  Luther  arose,  he  disclaimed 
these  intrusive  encroachments  on  the 
Word  of  God,  and  relegated  the  apo- 
cryphal writings  to  a  separate  appendix. 
In  this  deed  of  separation  he  was  war- 
ranted by  the  authority  of  Origen  and 
Jerome,  who  had  denounced  them  as 
extra  -  canonical,  and  branded  them 
as  having  no  claim  to  divine  inspira- 
tion. With  that  intuitive  decision 
which  characterised  the  leader  of  the 
Reformation,  he  banished  them  from 
the  body  of  the  Bible,  to  follow  in 
its  train,  as  menials  and  attendants. 
His  entire  version  appeared  in  1530, 
but  previously  it  had  been  published 
in  parts.  This  is  apparent  from  the 
preface  to  the  first  edition  of  the  LXX. 
which  adopted  his  arrangement,  Ar- 
gent. 1526: — Ratio  Partitionis.  Pro 
inde  in  partitione  et  serie  voluminum 
seqtmti  sumus  M.  Ltdherum,  unum  ilium 
et  prcBstantissimum  sacramm  literarum 
Phoenicem,  qui  eum  ordinem^  quern  hie 
vides,  in  Germanica  sua  Bibliorum  ver^ 
sione^  ohservaoit.  Unde  et  quos  Apo- 
crypkos  vacant  libros,  omnes  adfinem  in 
unum/ascem  coUegimus ;  sunt  enim  tales^ 
qui  in  HehrcRis  Bihliis  non  sunt  quique 
in  ordinem  redacti,  in  omnibus  fide 
digni  non  sunt*  Quos  et  eo  consilio  se^ 
junximuSj  ut  qui  volet  in  privum  libellum 
seponere  queat. 

This  critically  correct  and  reformed 
order  was  immediately  followed  by  all 
the  vernacular  versions  amongst  the 
continental  Protestants,  and  was  also 
more  gradually  introduced  into  their 
editionf  of  the  LXX.    It  became  the 


1854.] 


The  Oxford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint, 


253 


great  meridian  line  between  the  Papal 
and  Protestant  editions;  nor,  till  we 
recently  became  possessed  of  the  edi- 
tions at  the  head  of  this  article,  could 
we  have  doubted  that  it  was  likewise 
adopted  by  the  Protestant  University 
of  Oxford.  What  then  was  our  amaze- 
ment and  disappointment,  to  find  that 
the  Delegates  of  the  Clarendon  in  1848 
still  adhered  to  the  Septuagint  of  the 
old  style!  And  this,  be  it  remembered, 
does  not  apply  to  some  scholastic 
edition,  like  that  of  Grabe,  or  to  the 
facsimile  editions  of  Kipling,  Woide, 
or  Baber,  but  to  the  ordinary  stock 
editions,  which  appear  from  time  to 
time  for  the  use  of  the  country  clergy, 
and  which  are  so  cheap,  that  even  the 
poorest  curate  may  afford  to  purchase. 
We  say,  this  is  a  deliberate  insult  to 
our  Protestant  canon,  and  a  direct 
violation  of  our  Sixth  Article.  It  is 
also  an  offence  against  critical  pro- 
priety, and  such  an  offence,  as  would 
not  be  tolerated  in  any  ordinary  edition 
of  a  profane  author.  Who  would  print 
the  works  of  Cicero  or  Caesar,  with  in- 
terpolations which  Cicero  or  Caesar 
never  wrote,  nor  could  have  written  ? 
^''Luce  clanus  est^''  says  Walton,  "  libros 
omnes  Apocryphos  aim  reliquis  Canonicis 
versos  non  Juisse,  ciim  eorum  quidam 
tunc  temporis  non  exstiterint^  sea  longo 
post  tempore  scripti  sint^  —  But  the 
question  at  issue  relates  to  the  Word 
of  GOD,  as  distinguished  from  the 
word  of  man.  How  painful  to  every 
serious  and  devotional  student,  to  find 
Nehemiah  followed  by  Tobit  and  his 
dog ;  to  find  the  apocryphal  Wisdom 
of  Solomon,  and  Sirach,  preceding  the 
evangelic  Isaiah,  and  all  the  prophets ; 
to  find  Judith  before  the  Psalms  of 
David,  and  the  spurious  Epistle  of 
Jeremiah  introducing  us  to  the  Visions 
of  Ezekiell  What  a  Babel  is  here 
placed  before  our  eyes !  Can  the  mis- 
takes of  copyists,  or  the  confusion  of 
MSS.  or  the  traditions  of  antiquity, 
be  pleaded  as  any  apology  for  this 
offensive  spectacle  r 

From  the  order,  or  rather  disorder, 
of  the  Books,  we  advert  to  the  far 
more  important  subject  of  the  text. 
Strange  to  tell,  the  text  of  the  LXX.  has 
never  been  critically  revised  amongst 
us  by  any  collation  of  MSS.  Some  one 
MS. — the  Vatican,  or  the  Alexandrian, 
has  been  doggedly  followed;  large 
lacuncPy  which  could  have  been  efisuy 


supplied,  have  been  left  unreplenished ; 
manifest  blunders  and  falsities  have 
been  retained  in  the  text;  numerous 
dislocations  have  been  left  unrectified : 
nay,  even  the  common  rules  of  arith- 
metic have  been  frequently  set  at 
nought,  in  the  natural  sequence  of 
chapter  and  verse. 

We  shall  now  endeavour  to  justify 
these  charges,  by  some  few  illustrations 
and  examples, — premising,  that  they 
are  only  a  few  out  of  many,  rari  narUes 
in  gurgite  vasto.  It  would  tire  the  pen 
of  the  writer,  and  the  eye  of  the  reader, 
if  we  attempted  to  exhibit  them  in' 
extenso. 

AVhcn  we  afiirm  that  the  text  of  the 
LXX.  has  not  been  formed  by  a  col- 
lation of  MSS.  the  assertion  must  be 
understood  with  some  limitations.  The 
Vatican  MS.  or,  to  speak  more  cor- 
rectly, the  Sixtine  or  Roman  Exem- 
plar of  the  Vatican,  is  compelled  to 
borrow  the  first  forty-seven  chapters 
of  Genesis,  chiefly  from  the  Compluten- 
sian  text.  It  is  also  compelled  to  adopt 
that  text,  in  several  of  the  last  chapters 
of  the  third  book  of  Kings,  and  from 
the  105th  to  the  138th  Psalm.  With- 
out such  insertions  of  the  Compluten- 
sian,  the  Vatican  would  have  exhibited 
its  own  tremendous  vacuities.  But 
we  mean,  that  the  text  has  never  been 
rectified  and  adjusted  by  any  joint 
collation  of  MSS.  similar  to  that  which 
Mill  and  Griesbach  have  employed 
on  the  New  Testament.  We  submit, 
that  the  duty  of  collation  is  precisely 
parallel  in  both  cases,  but  that  it  has 
never  yet  been  practically  extended 
to  the  LXX.  Take  e.  g.  the  spurious 
verse  introduced  into  the  Vatican, 
Deut.  xxvii.  23,  which  interdicts — ^a 
question  now  so  much  agitated — the 
marriage  of  the  deceased  wife's  sister. 
It  is  left  in  the  Oxford  edition  just  as 
if  it  had  a  right  to  be  there,  whereas 
it  ought  either  to  have  been  totidly 
expunged,  or  at  least  stigmatbed  with 
obeli.  So  in  Ps.  xiii.  3,  an  interpo- 
lation from  Rom.  iii.  13  continues  to 
astonish  and  confound  the  collator  of 
the  Hebrew.  Even  the  mass  of  apo- 
cryphal prayers  and  hymns — not  for- 
getting npocrcvx^  Mapias  TrjsBeorSKOv — 
IS  scrupulously  exhibited  at  p.  1259  of 
this  edition.  Perhaps  this  may  pass 
with  the  Delegates,  as  collation ;  at 
any  rate,  it  ranks  as  Potior  Varietas  Co' 
dicis  Alexandrini, — Surely  the  editors 


254 


The  Oxford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint.  [March, 

of  the  Vulgate.  It  is  also  given  in  Bos, 
but  never  m  the  edit.  1848. — ^Even  the 
table  for  rectifying  the  dislocated 
chapters  in  Jeremiah  is  omitted. 

It  is  our  full  belief  that  Bishop 
Pearson,  who  was  deeply  conversant 
with  the  LXX.  appreciated  this  diffi- 
culty, and  applied  his  learning  and 
talents  to  provide  the  remedy.  When 
about  forty  years  of  age,  he  was  minister 
of  St.  Clement's  Eastcheap.  It  was  at 
this  time,  1653,  that  a  handsome  edi- 
tion of  the  Septuagint  appeared  from 
the  press  of  Roger  Daniel.  It  was, 
strange  to  say,  the  tirbt  which  had 
appeared  in  England.  It  was  the 
Edith  Princeps  Anglicana.  It  adopted 
the  Reformed  order  of  the  books,  like 
that  of  the  foreign  Protestant  editions 
of  the  LXX.  and  like  our  English 
Bible.  It  was  in  harmony  with  our 
biblical  canon,  as  laid  down  in  the 
sixth  Article.  It  ignored  the  old  Ro- 
mish order,  and  threw  the  apocryphal 
books  into  appendix.  It  omitted  the 
apocryphal  parts  of  Esther.  It  purified 
Daniel  from  Susanna  and  Bel;  in  short, 
to  a  great  extent,  it  harmonized  the 
order  of  the  books  and  chapters  ac- 
cording to  the  original.  We  say,  to  a 
great  extent,  for  it  left  much  to  carry 
out  its  plan.  The  transpositions  of 
Jeremiah  were  not  rectified.  In  the 
Third  Book  of  Kings,  large  portions 
remained  uncorrected  (these  are  easily 
distinguished  by  the  absence  of  sticho- 
metry),  but  most,  if  not  all,  are  noticed 
and  corrected  in  the  Scholia.  The 
object  and  design  of  the  Scholia  are 
plainly  intimated  in  the  concluding  ob- 
servations : — In  Notationibus  citatur  in^ 
terdum  Texttts  Scripturaj  non  id  jnxta 
Codicem  Vat.  impressus  est^  sed  id  est  in 
aliis  MSS.  ex  quibus  plertBque  notationea 
sumta:  sunt:  idque  constdtd  factum^  ut 
ea  varietas,  prcetermissa  in  notationilms, 
tamen  extaret.  The  same  remark  is  still 
more  plainly  repeated  in  a  short  address 
"To  the  Reader,"  (Lectori^)  in  which 
this  plan  of  filling  up  the  lacuna  of  the 
Roman  edition  is  briefly  delineated 
and  exemplified.  It  is  dedicated  to 
the  Westminster  Scholars,  who  were 
then  under  the  care  of  Busby,  the 
intimate  friend  of  Pearson. — Now,  it 
is  plain,  that  such  a  plan  required 
the  hand  of  a  master.  It  was  no 
ordinary  mind  which  could  devise, 
or  execute,  this  renovation  of  the  text 
of  the  LXX.    In  short,  no  one  then 


would  have  acted  far  more  wisely,  had 
such  extraneous  matter  been  altogether 
omitted. 

If,  instead  of  placing  all  this  mass 
of  error  and  confiision  before  the 
reader,  sometimes  in  the  text,  at  others 
in  the  notes,  a  faithful  and  critical  in- 
vestigation of  the  text  had  been  adopted, 
on  the  plan  of  Griesbach's  edition  of 
the  New  Testament,  we  should  enjoy 
some  prospect  of  ultimately  obtaining 
the  natural  concord  between  the  ver- 
sion and  the  original.  The  general 
rule  to  be  observed  would  have  been 
to  prefer,  cceteris  paribus,  the  reading 
which  answered  best  with  the  Hebrew, 
and  which  thus  rendered  the  version  its 
faithful  representative.  By  this  method, 
the  numerous  MSS.  collated  by  Holmes 
and  Parsons  might  have  been  brought 
to  shed  lustre  and  improvement  on 
the  text.  It  would  have  been  a  work 
of  much  skill  and  labour,  of  profound 
learning,  and  of  great  critical  sagacity ; 
but  the  objectwould  have  justified  the 
dedication  of  the  highest  talent.  It  is 
just  that  species  of  labour  and  talent 
which  may  be  demanded  from  well- 
endowed  professors  of  Greek,  Hebrew, 
and  Divinity,  at  our  universities. 

But  even  supposing  this  demand  to 
be  too  high,  as  requiring  some  Pear- 
son's extraordinary  conjunction  of  zeal 
and  learning  to  fulfil  the  task,  yet 
surely  we  might  reasonably  look  for 
an  improved  edition  of  the  LXX., 
from  a  collation  of  the  Complutensian, 
Vatican,  and  Alexandrian  texts.  It  is 
fortunate,  we  had  almost  said  provi- 
dential, that  whatever  is  false  or  defec- 
tive in  the  one,  may  be  easily  rectified 
by  the  other.  But  this  result  can  never 
be  obtained  by  merely  placing  them 
in  juxtaposition.  It  is  by  the  substitu- 
tion of  one  for  the  other,  that  the  only 
practical  improvements  can  be  made 
in  the  text.  All  else  terminates  in 
darkness  and  confusion.  Let  a  man 
sit  down  to  studv  the  Septuagint  in 
the  edition  of  Holmes  and  Parsons, 
and  he  will  soon  feel  the  truth  of  this 
assertion.  The  same  effect,  on  a  smaller 
scale,  results  from  the  study  of  the  last 
Oxford  Septuagint.  The  student  has 
no  critical  guide  to  aid  and  direct  him 
in  the  choice  of  lections.  Nor  has  be 
any  friendly  hint,  as  Morinus  often 
supplies  from  the  notes  of  Nobilins,  to 
inform  him — non  est  in  Hebrao*  This 
hint  is  common  in  all  the  ancient  edits. 


1854.]               The  Oxford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint  255 

in  England  but  John  Pearson  could  to  print  a  correct  Septuagint,  so  many 
have  ventured  on  the  labour.  We  are  the  peculiatrities  of  grammar  and 
assert  that  the  Preface,  short  as  it  is,  orthography.  Nor  does  it  impair 
betokens  the  hand  of  a  master,  and  the  this  chain  of  circumstantial  evidence, 
Scholia  contain  irrefragable  evidence  that  Bishop  Walton  has  spoken  some- 
they  were  composed  by  the  author  of  what  disparagingly  of  both  these  edi- 
the  Prefatio  Parisnetica,  which  ap-  tions,  as  being  too  much  accommodated 
geared  twelve  years  afterwards,  when  to  the  existing  Hebrew  text.*  It  is 
Pearson  had  become  the  Master  of  difficult  to  reconcile  this  objection  with 
Trinity  at  Cambridge.  We  forbear  to  other  parts  of  his  Prolegomena,  In 
enlarge  on  the  merits  of  that  Preface  sect.  ix.  3  (p.  139,  edit.  Wrarigham), 
— they  are  universally  acknowledged,  he  mentions  the  numerous  transposi- 
In  the  concluding  paragraph,  he  again  tions  in  the  text  of  the  LXX.,  and 
avows  his  desire  of  a  revisal  of  the  text :  accounts  for  them  sive  ex  schedarum  con- 
Qiwniam  auiem  Jkec  Seniorum  Versio,  fusione — sive  ex  sciolorum  andacia^  &c. 
etiam  S.  Hieronymi  tempore  corrupta  but  vindicates  the  original  order  and 
fuit  atquc  violata,  danda  est  opera,  ut  authority  of  the  translators.  Now,  this 
ei  pristina  puritas  restitui  et  rediitteg'  was  all  that  Bishop  Pearson  required 
ran  possitj  &c.  He  closes,  by  wishing  to  sanction  his  adjustment  of  chapter 
that  Isaac  Vossius  would  undertake  the  and  verse,  to  the  order  of  the  origmal, 
work.  But,  as  Grabe  has  sagaciously  and  it  exactly  corresponds  to  the  plan 
hinted,  it  had  been  much  better,  if  laid  down  in  both  the  London  and 
Pearson  himself  had  executed  his  own  Cambridge  editions :  nor,  indeed,  does 
wishes.  He  had  equal  erudition,  and  Walton  himself  appear  to  have  any 
far  superior  judgment. — It  should  be  other  object  in  view.  JEt  in  hoc  maxime 
distinctly  remembered,  that  this  Cam-  lahorandum,  si  qui  nam  in  ipsa  (vev' 
bridge  edition  copies  that  of  London,  sione)  occurrant,  tit  ex  diligenti  colUt' 
even  in  its  typographical  errata.  That  tione  cum  Hehrao  aliisque  Vett,  monll' 
the  Master  of  Trinity,  under  the  well-  mentis^  et  distinguendo  inter  lihrariorum 
known  initials  J.  P.  would  not  have  errata  et  glossemata  in  textum  illapsa 
written  a  preface,  or  given  his  sanction  qu(e  prorsus  ejicienda,  et  alia  quce  IH" 
to  any  edition  of  the  LXX.  of  which  terpp.  lapsui  trihuuntur,  cum  textti  Heh, 
he  did  not  approve  the  order  and  conciliatio  fiat,  et  ifa  tandem  pristino 
arrangement,  is  a  self-evident  truth,  nitori  Versio  hcec  nobilissima  et  anti' 
The  natural  inference  again  follows,  quissima  restituatur. — Sec.  5^,  p.  167, 
that  Pearson  was  the  real  and  respon-  edit.  Wrangham. 
sible  editor  of  both  these  editions  of  Such  were  the  comprehensive  yi^irs 
the  LXX.  We  possess  a  copy  of  the  of  these  master  critics.  But  there  ai'e, 
Scholia,  from  the  biblical  collection  and  always  have  been,  editors  of  an- 
of  the  Duke  of  Sussex,  on  the  fly-leaf  other  spirit  ;  men  servilely  cleavitig 
of  which  this  fact  is  recognised  m  the  to  the  MS.  or  adhering  to  the  mis- 
following  inscription  written  in  a  very  takes  of  transcribers ;  who  convert 
old  hand — Joannis  Pearson,  Ep.  CoU  errors  into  various  lections,  and  who 
htio,  exhibit  and  amplify  their  erudition  by 
Nor  does  it  at  all  affect  the  force  enormous  piles  of  antiquated  blunders, 
of  this  conclusion,  that  these  editions  These  "  black-letter  dogs,"  as  they 
are  somewhat  incorrectly  printed,  were  facetiously  called  by  the  author 
Pearson  had  too  much  on  his  hands  to  of  "  The  Pursuits  of  Literature,"  caii 
turn  corrector  of  the  press,  and  it  was  never  let  an  old  blunder  be  forgotten, 
then  no  easy  matter,  for  the  first  time,  They  delight  to  immortalize  errata  and 


*  There  is,  indeed,  some  apology  for  Walton  and  Bos  ia  their  animadversions. 
This  edition  was  falsely  characterised  on  the  title-page— Jujr/a  Exemplar  Vaticanum 
Roma  editum,  accuraiinsimt  et  ad  amussim  recusum. — Now,  such  a  description 
of  it  could  never  have  been  given  by  the  real  editor ;  for  it  did  not  follow  the 
Roman,  even  in  the  order  of  the  books,  much  less  in  numerous  portions  of  the  text. 
The  inference,  therefore,  is,  that  the  tille-paye  was  left  solely  to  the  printer  and  his 
assistants,  who  strove  to  recommend  the  work  by  a  false  but  plausible  assertion.  It 
was  the  publisher,  not  the  editor,  who  could  alone  have  been  guilty  of  such  a  palpable 
misstatement. 


256 


The  Oxford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint.  [March, 


ad)dKfjLaTa ;  they  justify  the  rebuke  of 
Time  on  the  ola  Oxford  antiquary — 

Fie  OD  yoar  memory,  Master  Hearne ! 
Whatever  I  forget,  you  learn. 

Such  men  find  an  inexhaustible  charm  in 
the  lacuTUB — the  transposition — the  in- 
terpolation of  the  M»S.  of  the  LXX. 
What  is  it  to  them  that  The  Additamenta 
JSsth,  have  not  a  shadow  of  authenticity  ? 
Are  not  they  as  old  as  the  days  of 
Origen  and  Jerome  ?  What  to  them 
that  "Susanna"  and  "Bel"  have  no 
more  right  to  form  parts  of  Daniel, 
than  if  we  were  to  deform  our  English 
Bibles  by  some  monkish  legend  or 
mediaeval  fable  ?  It  is  true  "  The  Song 
of  the  Three  Children"  was  never 
intoned  in  the  flames,  that  it  was 
probably  the  exercise  of  some  ingeni- 
ous Hellenistic  student — but  it  existed 
long  before  the  era  of  the  Reformation 
— ergo,  we  have  no  critical  right  to 
denounce  such  ancient  forgeries. 

Now,  really  we  should  apologise  for 
this  sarcastic  language,  had  we  any 
hope  of  reclaiming  these  learned  scho- 
liasts from  their  perverse  obliquities. 
But  centuries  have  passed  away,  and 
the  Oxford  text  of  the  LXX.  a.d. 
1848  remains  unaltered  and  unim- 
proved. It  is  in  vain  that  all  the  Pro- 
testant editions  of  the  Septuagint  in 
Germany  and  Holland — in  vam  that 
Pearson  at  home,  and  Bos  and  Brei- 
tinger  abroad,  have  followed  the  ex- 
ample of  Luther  and  the  Reformers, — 
the  old  Apocryphal  order  is  stereo- 
typed in  their  esteem.  They  prize  their 
Septuagints  chiefly  for  their  deformities. 
Like  the  devotees  of  Gatton  and  Old 
Sarum,  they  view  them  as  the  stars  of 
the  constitution ;  or  rather  like  old 
Blenkinsop,  who,  when  at  work  on  his 
last  periwig,  pronounced  the  death- 
warrant  of  the  schools — the  downfal 
of  academical  learning. — Quousque  tan- 
dem dbutere  patierUia  nostra  ? 

We  must  again  revert  to  the  text 
of  the  edition  at  the  head  of  this  article 
for  our  defence  and  apology.  In 
Exodus,  the  chapters  xxxvi. — xxxix. 
are  grossly  transposed.  They  are  all 
correct,  and  corresponding  to  the 
Hebrew  in  the  Complutensian.  But 
rather  than  rectify  them  by  this 
standard,  they  are  left  in  all  their  anti- 
quated confusion.  Their  sole  mark  is 
toe  want  of  stichometry.  What  is  the 
apology  for  this  gross  negligence? 
4 


The  answer  is  to  be  found  in  the 
title-page.  It  is  Secundum  Exemplar 
Vaticanum  Ronus  Editum*  The  same 
remark  will  apply  to  the  third  book 
of  Kings,  chapters  iii.  iv.  v.,  to  Jere- 
miah from  the  25th  chapter  to  the  51st, 
and  to  various  minor  transpositions  in 
the  Proverbs,  &c.  But  even  this  does 
not  reach  the  height  and  depth  and 
breadth  of  these  anomalies.  In  nu- 
merous instances,  even  the  transposi- 
tions of  verses  in  the  same  chapter  are 
left  unrectified.  Take  e,  g.  3  Kings, 
chap.  vi. ;  the  stichometry  stands  thus  : 
1,  17,  18,  1,  38,  2,  3.  In  chap.  vii. 
18,  21,  19,  23.  Or  turn  to  Jer.  xxx. 
and  xxxiv.  &c.  This  kind  of  numera- 
tion is  also  very  frequent  in  the 
Attic  edition  of  the  Christian  Know- 
ledge Society.  We  could  not  have 
believed  in  such  rebellions  against 
Cocker,  without  ocular  witness.  Had 
it  been  the  direct  intention  of  the 
editors  to  turn  the  Word  of  God  into 
ridicule,  they  could  not  have  pursued 
any  more  disastrous  course,  or  played 
more  ludicrous  antics.  But  all  this, 
we  presume,  is  justifiable.  Secundum 
Exemplar  Vaticanum  JRoince  Editum,  or 
Potior  Varietas  Codicis  Alexandrini. 

It  is  no  marvel  that  the  reputation 
of  the  LXX.  should  rank  but  very 
low  amongst  Protestants,  or  that  their 
version  should  be  incessantly  con- 
trasted with  the  original,  whilst  the  text 
remains  in  this  forlorn  condition.  Cer- 
tain it  is,  that  such  afironts  were  never 
oflered  to  any  classic  author.  To  leave 
large  unfilled  lacuna,  to  interpose  nu- 
merous and  strange  interpolations — 
to  leave  chapters  and  verses  misplaced 
and  misnumbered  —  to  leave  large 
spaces  devoid  of  stichometry, — such  is 
the  singular  treatment  which  has  been 
reserved  for  that  version,  from  which 
our  Blessed  Saviour  in  all  probability 
was  taught  to  read,  when  a  child  at 
Nazareth — that  version,  which  he  loved 
to  quote,  if  i\ot  to  the  Pharisees  and 
doctors  of  the  law,  to  "  the  common 
people,  who  heard  him  gladly," — that 
version,  which  formed  the  text-book  of 
Apostolic  preaching — from  which  all 
the  ancient  versions,  except  the  Syriac, 
were  made — which  constituted  the  sole 
Scriptures  of  the  Old  Testament  for 
the  first  four  centuries;  from  which 
Augustine  drew  his  Meditations,  and 
Chrysostom  his  Homilies.  Forgive  us, 
gentle  reader,  if  our  remonstrances 


1854.] 


The  Oxford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint. 


257 


sound  somewhat  harsh  and  severe. 
These  are  ancient  and  obstinate  ulcers : 
they  demand  the  probe ;  no  mild 
emollients  could  effect  the  cure. 

It  is  asserted  by  many,  there  is  a 
wide  and  essential  difference  between 
the  canon  of  the  Greek  and  Homan 
Church,  and  that  the  superiority  is  all 
on  the  side  of  the  former.    But  this  is 
a  great  mistake.     The  difference   is 
very  slight  and  unimportant.    It  chiefly 
consists  in  the  admission  of  the  fourth 
book  of  Esdras,  and  the  fourth  book 
of  Llaccabees,  and  in  a  trifling  change 
in  the  position  of  the  books.    But  their 
real  agreement  is  essential  and  radical. 
They  agree  in  blending  the  apocry- 
phal with  the  canonical  Scriptures — 
the  spurious  parts  of  Esther  with  the 
genume — the  fables  of  Susanna  and 
Bel  with  the  Visions  of  Daniel.     It 
makes  no  practical  difference,  that,  in 
the  East,  they  read   Susanna  at  the 
beginning,   and   Draco    at    the    end, 
whereas,  in  the  West,  they  place  both 
at  the  close  of  the  prophet.   It  makes  no 
difference,  whether  we  find  the  Prayer 
of  Azarias  in  the  midst  of  Daniel,  or 
at  the  end  of  the  Psalms.     Nor  can 
we  discover,  that  the  relative  estima- 
tion, in  which  the  apocryphal  books 
are  held,  differs  in  the  slightest  degree. 
When  Oiconoraus,  the  most  eminent 
of  the  living  Athenian  divines,  heard 
of  the  proposed  alteration  of  order  in 
the  books,  he  threatened  to  denounce 
the  whole  design,  as  dangerous  and 
unscriptural.     Now,  this  conduct  ex- 
actly corresponds   to   the   dogmas  of 
Rome.      It  is  thus   the   note   of  the 
Douay  stands  at  the  tenth  chapter  of 
Esther :  "  Ilere  St.  Jerome  advertizeth 
the  reader,  that  what  follows  is  not  in 
the   Hebrew;    but   is   found    in    the 
Septuagint  Greek  edition,  which  the 
LaXII.  interpreters  translated  out  of 
the  Hebrew,  or  added  by  the  inspira- 
tion  of  the   Holy   Ghost."      So   also 
chap.  xiii.  of  Daniel :    "  This  history 
of  Susanna,  in  all  the  ancient  Greek 
and  Latin  Bibles,  was  placed  in  the 
beginning  of  the  Book  of  Daniel,  till 
Jerome,  in  his  translation,  detached  it 
from  thence ;  which  is  also  the  case  of 
the  history  of  Bel   and  the  Dragon. 
But  both  the  one  and  the  other  are 
received  by  the  Catholic  Church,  and 
was  from  the  beginning  a  part  of  the 
Christian  Bible."—When  the  Oxford 
editors  of  the  LXX.  resolved  to  expel 
GtNT.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


the  Protestant  order  of  Bos,  Franeq. 
1709,  and  to  substitute  the  papal  order 
of  the  Six  tine  Exemplar,  "  Roma; 
editum,"  1586,  they  virtually  put  their 
hand  and  seal  to  these  dogmas  of  the 
Romish  Church  on  the  canon,  as  op- 
posed to  the  Anglican.  And  when,  in 
1848,  they  included  the  strange  assem- 
blage of  apocryphal  hymns  at  the  close 
of  the  Psalms,  with  the  ascription  of 
the  title  eenrSKos  to  the  Virgin  Mary, 
as  the  Potior  Varietas  Codicis  Alex' 
andrini,  they  virtually  indorsed  the 
ignorance  and  superstition  of  the  Greek 
Church,  as  superior  "  to  that  pure  and 
apostolical  part  of  the  Catholic  Church 
which  is  established  in  these  realms," — 
as  they  constantly  profess  before  ser- 
mon at  St.  Mary's. 

Nor  is  this  edition  creditable  to  the 
University  Press,  from  the  careless 
and  desultory  manner  in  which  the 
Alexandrian  is  adduced  to  supply  the 
defects  of  the  Vatican  MS.  or  rather 
the  Roman  Exemplar.  Take,  eg. 
Jeremiah,  chap.  In.  verses  27 — 31. 
Three  verses  are  here  wanting.  Why 
are  they  not  supplied  from  the  Alex- 
andrian text? — Nor  should  the  dele- 
gates have  confined  their  collation  to 
the  Alexandrian.  It  should  have  em- 
braced the  Complutensian,  whenever 
the  defects  of  the  Vatican  could  not  be 
otherwise  amended.  Thus,  in  Exodus, 
chapters  xxvii.  26 — 28,  xxxvi.  5 — 28, 
XXX vii. — xl.  large  lacunce,  large  spaces 
without  stichometry,  may  be  rectified. 
From  the  same  source,  all  the  disloca- 
tions of  Jeremiah  may  be  adjusted  to 
the  Hebrew  original.  Such  correc- 
tions of  the  text  are  worth  all  the  cart- 
loads of  various  readings  in  Holmes 
and  Parsons — which  Schleusner  has 
justly  denominated  rudqim  illam  et  in- 
digestam  variarum  lectionum,  aut  potius 
meiidarum  farraginem.  This  farrago^ 
however,  has  cost  about  7,000/. !  As 
to  its  real  value,  perhaps,  Tischendorf, 
the  last  editor  of  the  LXX.  (Lips. 
1850),  has  formed  a  reasonable  esti- 
mate :  Eae  (coUationes)  verb,  querhad' 
modum  in  editis  habentur,  non  modo  uni- 
verses  graviter  differunt  inter  se  fide 
atque  accuratione,  sedadipsosprincipales 
testes  tarn  negligenter  tamque  nuilefactce 
sunt,  tit  ctiam  atque  etiam  dolendum  sit 
tantos  nummos  rard  liber alitate  per  An-, 
glium  suppeditatos,  critivce  sacra  pariim 
rofuisse,  Proleg.  xxxv.  Lex.  Vet. 
"est.  Glasg.  1822. 

2L 


f 


258 


The  Oaf  or  d  Edition  of  the  Septuagint. 


[March, 


The  grave  question  now  arises,  whe- 
ther the  University  of  Oxford,  in  its 
editions  of  the  LxiX.  or  of  any  other 
Bibles  ancient  or  modern,  has  the  right 
to  depart  from  our  biblical  canon,  as 
stated  in  the  Sixth  Article  of  our 
Church? — The  answer  to  this  question 
is  greatly  narrowed  by  the  knowledge 
that  this  change  is  recent.  It  is  vir- 
tually answered  by  the  apostacy  of 
the  Oxford  Press.  Till  the  year  1817, 
the  delegates  felt  they  were  subject  to 
our  Protestant  canon  in  their  editions 
of  the  Septuagint.  They  then,  for 
the  first  time,  ventured  to  apostatize 
from  the  English  canon  —  to  ignore 
the  Reformation — to  forget  Bos  and 
all  the  Protestant  editors  of  the  LXX. 
and  to  hoist  the  flag  of  the  Greek  and 
Romish  Church  on  the  Alexandrian 
pharos.  Let  a  case  be  forthwith  sub- 
mitted to  Dr.  Phillimorc  or  Dr.  Twiss, 
to  ascertain,  whether  they  are  bound,  or 
not,  to  conform  to  the  authority  of  the 
Sixth  Article,  in  the  publication  of 
their  Greek  Bibles,  as  well  as  of  all 
other  Bibles,  printed  at  the  University 
Press. 

But,  whatever  be  the  legal  opinion  of 
civilians  at  Doctors*  Commons,  there 
can  be  but  one  decision,  respecting  this 
uncanonical  and  Romanizing  conduct, 
in  the  minds  of  all  sound  and  ortho- 
dox Protestants,  whether  in,  or  out, 
of  the  University  of  Oxford.  Some 
years  ago,  a  violent  outcry  was  raised 
against  the  Unitarians,  for  altering  and 
mutilating  a  popular  religious  work, 
entitled  MelmotKs  Great  Importance 
of  a  Religious  Life,  But  what  is  such 
a  violation,  compared  to  the  silent  and 
unauthorised  introduction  of  another 
order,  in  the  academical  edition  of  the 
LXX.  at  the  University  Press  ?  Read 
the  Monitum  to  this  edition — we  give 
it  entire ; — 

"Desideratur  versionis  LXX.  inter- 
pretum  editio  quae  nee  mole  gravis  esset 
nee  pretio  iramodico  veniret.  Huic 
igitur  incommode  obviam  ituri  recudi 
fecimus  contextura  secundum  exemplar 
Roma3  a.  1586  vulgatum,  positis  in 
inferiore  margine  Icctionibus  variis 
codicis  Alexandrini,  non  omnibus  qui- 
dem,  ne  nimis  excresceret  opus,  nullis 
tamen  recisis,  quas  lectoribus  usui  fore 
existimaviraus.  Quod  vero  ad  librum 
Danielis  spectat,  non  modo  Theodo- 
tionis  versionem  exhibuimus,  sed  etiam 
gcnuinam  illam  rwy  6,  e  codice  Chigi- 


ano  Romse  a.  1772,  publici  juris  factam. 
Oxonii  die  xxx°  Junii  BfDcccxLvm." 

We  ask,  whether  any  inference  could 
be  drawn  from  this  mordtum,  that  the 
delegates  had  departed  from  the  order 
of  the  books,  as  tiiey  are  usually  edited 
by  Protestants,  and  as  they  were  edited 
at  Oxford  till  1817?  It  should  be 
remembered  that  Bos  professes  to  fol- 
low the  Vatican  edition,  as  well  as 
these  Oxford  editors — Secundum  Ex' 
emplar  Vaticanum  Roma  editum — but 
he  adopts  the  Protestant  order  of  the 
books,  and  places  all  the  apocryphal 
writings,  after  Malachi,  as  they  are 
found  in  our  English  bibles,  with  the 
sole  exception  of  the  Additamenta  Esth. 
which  still  linger  in  his  text.  It  would 
have  been  only  upright  and  honour- 
able that  this  change  should  have  been 
distinctly  noticed  in  the  Monitum.  It 
is  true  that  a  more  accurate  notice  had 
been  given — not  of  any  change — but 
of  the  Exemplar  Vaticanum  Roma 
editum,  1586,  in  the  edition  1817. 
But,  the  Monitum  of  the  last  edition  is 
substituted  instead  of  this  notice.  This 
is  the  edition  now  in  general  circula- 
tion. The  former  was  more  expensive, 
and  intended  for  the  library — the  last 
is  cheap.  It  may  serve  to  accustom 
the  oi  noXKoi  to  the  order  of  the  Vul- 
gate, or  remind  them  of  their  old  school- 
book  Sacra  de  Profanis, 

But  this  brief  Monitum  is  also  guilty 
of  another  fraud.  It  professes  to  give 
the  more  valuable  portion  of  the  rart- 
ous  lections  of  the  Alexandrian  Codex. 
Now,  we  again  ask,  how  can  this  large 
mass  of  interpolation  at  the  close  of 
the  Psalms  be  reckoned  amongst  the 
various  readings  of  the  Alexandrian 
Codex  ?  How  can  "  The  Prayer  of 
Manasses,"  or  "  the  Prayer  of  Azarias,** 
"  The  Hymn  of  our  Fathers,"  or  "  The 
Morning  Hymn,"  be  included  under 
the  "  varits  Isctioties  f  "  But  the  motive 
for  introducing  this  ^^  nostri  farrago 
lihelli "  is  plain  and  obvious.  It  was  to 
accustom  the  student  to  the  Popish 
title  of  Mary — Upoa-tv^  Maplas  rrjt 
0€ot6kov.  Such  is  the  Potior  Varietae 
Codicis  Alexandrini.  It  now  remains 
for  the  rulers  of  our  Church,  or  the  in- 
dependent members  of  Convocation, 
to  take  measures  for  calling  the  dele- 
gates to  account  for  the  past,  and  to 
enter  into  sufficient  recognisance  for 
the  future. 

From  this  scene  of  wasteful  expcp- 


1854.] 


The  Oxford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint, 


259 


diture  and  of  critical  negligence,  we 
gladly  and  hopefully  turn  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pearson — to  the  University 
of  Cambridge.  We  entreat  that  learned 
Academy  to  shew  itself  worthy  of  its 
vocation,  by  accomplishing  this  great 
desideratum.  There  are  many  emment 
biblical  scholars  in  that  University, 
who  are  fully  able  to  carry  this  noble 
design  into  effect.  We  have  minutely 
and  critically  examined  the  question, 
and  tested  it  by  the  collation  of  the 
Complutensian,  the  Vatican,  and  the 
Alexandrian  texts.  We  are  prepared 
to  prove,  that  all  the  lacunce,  the  dislo- 
cations, and  the  interpolations  of  the 
Vatican  MS.  may  be  supplied,  and 
amended,  by  a  recurrence  either  to  the 
Alexandrian,  or  the  Complutensian. 
Take  the  following,  as  specimens  : — 
3  Kings,  ii.  35-45, — ten  verses  are  here 
deficient.  Supply  these  from  the  fol- 
lowing chapter,  verses  36-46,  where 
they  are  interpolated,  and  all  will  be 
right.  So  chap.  x.  verse  22,  is  a  large 
interpolation  belonging  to  the  preced- 
ing chapter,  verses  14-26.  Q.  E.  D. 
Now,  these  and  similar  passages  may 
be  at  once  rectified  by  the  Compluten- 
sian. 

What  renders  the  Oxford  edition  of 
1848  without  excuse,  is  this — that  Bos 
has  supplied  them  in  his  Notes ;  and 
that  he  found  them  in  the  Scholia  of 
Nobilius.  The  same  assertion  may  be 
made  of  the  Alexandrian  text.  It  may 
be  rectified  either  by  the  Vatican,  or 
the  Complutensian.  The  value  of  the 
Complutensian,  when  either  or  both 
of  the  others  are  erroneous,  has  never 
been  sufficiently  estimated.  We  ear- 
nestly wish  that  some  cheap  and  port- 
able edition  of  that  text  were  imme- 
diately published.  It  would  enable  the 
student  to  collate  the  version  with  the 
original,  without  any  interruption  or 
difficulty.  It  would  prove  a  singular 
help  to  the  study  of  the  Hebrew  and 
Greek  Bible. 

At  the  end  of  the  canonical  Daniel 
of  the  LXX.,  edit.  Roraae  1772,  is  the 
following  subscription :  AANIHA  KATA 
TOYS  O.  Ey pdcpT)  i^  avriypdcpov  €^ovtos 
TTJp  v7rocrr]fi€iu>criu  rdvTijv.  *'Eypa(f)jj  €K 
rcov  T€Tpa7rX(i)u  e^  <av  /cat  TraptTiBr].  This 
subscription  intimates  that  the  canoni- 
cal text  here  concluded.  At  the  end 
of  the  two  apocryphal  chapters,  con- 


taining "  Susanna  and  Bel "  (the  last 
entitled,  EK  HPO^HTEIAS  AMBA- 
KOYM  YIOY  IH20Y  EK  TH2  *YAHS 
AEYI),  is  the  repetition,  AavirjK  Kara 
Tovs  6.  As  the  learned  editor  remarks, 
the  former  designated  the  end  of  the 
archetypal  text,  the  latter  merely  sig- 
nified, that  the  two  apocryphal  chap- 
ters were  found  in  the  same  docu- 
ment. It  would  have  been  only  fair 
if  the  Oxford  editors  of  the  edit.  1848 
had  inserted  both  these  subscriptions, 
since  they  clearly  discriminate  the  ori- 

S'nal,  from  the  adscititious  portions  of 
aniel. 


A^oie. — The  former  article  contained  a 
mistatement  which  we  are  desirous  to 
correct.  It  attributed  inadvertently  to 
Origen  the  opinion  of  his  correspondent 
Africanus,  respecting  the  Book  of  Susanna. 
In  place  of  Origen,  we  now  substitute  the 
authority,  or  rather  wit,  of  Jerome.  "  Hsbc 
idcirc6  refero,  ut  difficultatem  nobis  Da- 
nielis  ostenderem,*qui  apud  Hebrseos  nee 
Susannee  habet  historiam,  nee  Hymnum 
Trium  Puerorum,  nee  Belis  et  Draconii 
fabulas,  quas  nos,  quia  in  toto  orbe  dia- 
per sse  sunt,  veru  antsposito  casque  jugu- 
lante  subjecimus,  ne  videremur  apud  im- 
peritos  magnam  partem  voluminis  detrun- 
casse." — "  Deinde  tan  turn  fuisse  ocii  Tribus 
pueris  cavillabatur,  ut  in  camino  eestuantis 
incendii  metro  luderent,  et  per  ordinem 
ad  laud  em  Dei  omnia  elementa  provo- 
carent.  Aut  quod  miraculum  divineeque 
aspirationis  indicium,  vel  draconem  inter- 
fectum  oSk  picis,''  &c.  &c.  Perhaps  it  is 
better  to  omit  the  remainder,  as  too  jocose 
even  for  apocryphal  censures.  But  we 
cannot  forbear  the  following  extract  from 
his  Prologue  to  Esther  :  •*  Librum  Esther 
variis  translatoribus  constat  esse  vitiatum, 
quem  ego  de  archivis  Heb.  revelans,  ver- 
bum  ^  verbo  expressius  transtuli.  Quem 
librum  editio  vulgata  laciniosis  hinc  inde 
verbonim  finibus  trahit,  addens  ea  quee  ex 
tempore  dici  poteraut  et  audiri,  sicut  soli- 
tum  est  scholaribus  disciplinis,  sumpto 
themate,  excogitare,  &c. — Vos  autem,  O 
Paula  et  Eustochium,  quoniam  et  biblio- 
thecas  Heb.  studuistis  intrare,  et  interpp. 
certamina  comprobastis,  tcnentes  Esther 
Hebraicum  librum  per  singula  verba, 
nostram  translationem  aspicite,"  &c. — It 
should  also  have  been  noted,  that  the 
Syriac  version  of  the  Book  of  Esther  is 
free  from  these  apocryphal  interpolations. 
Of  all  the  ancient  versions,  this  alone  was 
made  immediately  from  the  Hebrew,  the 
rest  being  taken  from  the  LXX. 


'260 


MONUMENTS  OF  THE  ENGLISH  REPUBLICAN  REFUGEES  IN  THE 

CHURCH  AT  VEVAY  IN  SWITZERLAND. 


IT  has  long  been  known  that  two  of 
the  parties  implicated  in  the  trial  and 
execution  of  Charles  the  First  lie  buried 
within  the  church  at  Vevay  in  Swit- 
zerland, and  that  the  inscriptions  to 
their  memory  have  heretofore  appeared 
in  print.  One  is  the  mural  monument 
of  the  celebrated  Edmund  Ludlow, 
placed  against  the  north  wall  of  a 
small  chapel  on  the  same  side  of  the 
church ;  the  other  is  a  monumental 
slab  in  the  north  aisle,  adjoining  the 
chapel  in  question,  and  covering  the 
remains  of  Andrew  Broughton. 

I  had,  many  years  ago,  remarked  two 
other  monumental  slabs,  of  similar  de- 
sign, close  by,  and  which,  as  it  appeared 
to  me,  would,  if  examined,  be  dis- 
covered to  record  the  decease  of  two 
of  their  exiled  companions.  One  of 
these,  from  being  able  to  read  the  word 
"  NicoLAi,"  would",  I  concluded,  be 
found  to  be  commemorative  of  Nicholas 
Love.  Being,  during  the  autumn  of 
the  last  year,  for  a  short  time  resident 
at  Vevay,  I  determined,  if  practicable, 
to  solve  this  (juestion,  and  accordingly, 
with  the  permission  of  the  Syndic,  very 
readily  and  courteously  granted,  1  was 
enabled  to  do  so.  It  became  necessary 
to  remove  two  fixed  ranges  of  strong 
wooden  seats,  and  the  disclosure  was 
effected.  But,  before  I  proceed  to 
give  copies  of  these  newly-found  in- 


scriptions, I  must  shortly  advert  to 
the  two  that  had  been  previously  ob- 
served and  recorded.  The  first  notice 
of  them  is  contained  in  Addison's 
Travels.  He  began  his  continental 
tour  in  December,  1699,  and  appears 
to  have  been  at  Vevay  during  the  winter 
of  the  following  year.  He  copied 
both  inscriptions,  namely  Ludlow's  and 
Broughton  s,  but  makes  no  mention  of 
the  other  two,  and,  from  the  fact  of 
his  conjecturing  that  Broughton  had 
been  clerk  to  the  High  Court  of  Justice, 
it  may  be  inferred  that  he  had  not  seen 
the   interesting  work,   then    recently 

Srinted  at  Vevay,  called  "  Ludlow  8 
iemoirs,"  inasmuch  as  Ludlow  dis- 
tinctly states  that  Broughton  was  the 
clerk  of  that  court. 

Coxe,  in  his  Tour  through  Switzer- 
land, merely  mentions  Ludlow's  monu- 
ment, remarking  that  Addison  had  al- 
ready recorded  it.  He  makes  no  allusion 
to  the  other  monumental  slabs,  not  even 
to  Broughton's.  Copies  of  the  inscrip- 
tions to  Ludlow  and  Broughton  were 
given  in  the  77th  volume  of  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  and  they  have  probably 
been  reprinted  in  many  other  places, 
but,  as  the  arrangement  of  the  lines 
was  not  preserved  in  those  copies,  I 
now  give  them  as  they  appear  on  the 
stones : 


[Above  is  a  shield  bearing  his  crest,  tiz.  a  lion  rampant.] 

Siste  gradum,  et  respice. 
Hie  jacet  Edmund  Ludlow,  Anglus  natione,  provincia  Wiltonicnsis,  filius  Hen- 
rici  Equestris  ordinis,  senatorisque  Parliamenti,  cujus  quoque  fuit  ipse  membmm,  patrum  stem- 
mate  clarus  et  nobilis,  virtute  proprift  nobilior,  religione  protestans,  et  insigni  pietate  corms- 
cus  setatis  anno  xxiii,  tribunus  militnm,  paul6  post  exercitiis  prstor  primarius, 

Tunc  Hybcrnorum  domitor. 

In  pugn&  intrepidus  et  vitae  prodigus,  in  victoriA  clemens  et  mansuetus,  patriae  libertatis 

Defensor,  et  potestatis  arbitrarise  propugnator  acerrimus, 

cuJQB  causA  ab  ekdem  patria  xxxii  annis  extorris,  melioriqne  fortan&  dignus,  apud  Helvetica 

se  recepit;  ibique  setatis  anno  lxxiii  moriens,  omnibus  sui  desiderium  relinquens,  sedes  Ktemaa 

Ltetus  advolavit. 

Hocce  monumentum,  in  perpetuam  verse  et  sincerse  erga  maritum  defunctum  amicitise 

memoriam,  dicat  et  vovet  Domina  Elizabeth  de  Thomas,  ejus  strenua  et  moestissima 

tarn  in  infortuniis  quam  in  matrimonio  consors  dilectissima ;  qase,  animi  magnitudine  et 

vi  amoris  conjugalis  mota,  cum  in  exilium  ad  obitum  usque  constanter  secuta  est, 

Anoo  Domini  1693. 


1854.]  Monuments  of  English  Republican  Refugees* 

Depositoriam 

ANDREiE  Brouohton  Armigeii 

ADglicani  MaydstoDensis 

Comitatu  Cantii 

Ubi  bis  Prsetor  urbanus 

Dignatusque  etiam  fuit  sen- 

tentiam  Regis  Regnm  profari 

Quam  ob  causam  ex  pulsus  patri&  su^ 

Peregrinatione  ejus  finitA 

Solo  senectutis  morbo  affectus 

RequiesceDS  a  laboribus  suis 

In  Domino  obdormivit 

23  die  Feb:  Addo  Dom:   1687. 

^tatis  suse  84. 


261 


0MNE-50LVMR)RTiB\TRlA 

Qyi  a-FatrIsad  ♦  <J'6M 


s<*?s3Ks:s:s^^i>^c$!S^^^S5^S! 


KiJ?«:^^;^<;^>??JJ5; 


The  well  known  inscription,  *'  Omi9£ 

SOLUM    FOBTI    PATBIA,    QUIA    PATBI8," 

which  had  been  placed  by  Ludlow  over 
the  door  of  his  house  at  Vevay,  ap- 
pears to  be  now  at  Ileywood  House 
near  Westbury,  whither  it  was  con- 
veyed, with  far  more  of  enthusiasm 
than  of  good  taste,  by  a  gentleman  of 
the  name,*  but  not,  as  appears  from 
the  pedigree,  of  the  lineage  of  the 
Ludlows  of  Hill  Deverell,  of  which 
family  our  Parliamentarian  was  so  dis- 
tinguished a  member. 

The  good  work  done  by  Sir  Richard 
Hoare  in  undertaking  the  history  of 
his  county,  deserves  all  possible  praise, 
yet  one  cannot  repress  a  smile  at  his 
simplicity  where  he  tells  us  that  "  the 
inscription  would  have  been  more 
a  propos  if  the  latter  part  of  it,  quia 
patria,  had  been  omitted,  for  his  (Lud- 


low's) father  resided  in  Wilts  "  ! ! !  Sir 
Richard,  too,  like  some  former  writers 
in  this  Magazine,t  seems  strangely  to 
have  puzzled  over  what  appears  to  me 
a  very  simple  translation.  The  first 
clause  of  the  motto  is  from  Ovid, J  and 
the  addition  of  quia  patbis  to  the 
poet's  words  was,  no  doubt,  intended 
to  convey  the  following  meaning, — 
"  because  it  is  the  land  of  Grod,  his  Cre- 
ator, the  Father  of  all."  Shakspere's 
lines  in  Richard  the  Second  are  some- 
what similar — 

ah  places  that  the  eye  of  Heaven  viaits. 
Are  to  the  wise  man  iwrts  and  happy  havens. 

But  that  Ovid  was  a  plagiarist  has 
been  suggested  to  me  by  the  contri- 
butor of  a  paper  for  the  Archwologia 
hereafter  mentioned,  and  we  find  in 
a  Fragment  of  Euripides, 


*  This  board  was  brought  from  the  house  of  Monsieur  Louis  Grcnier  at  Vevay, 
an  old  mansion  with  walls  looped  for  defence  on  the  side  next  the  lake,  shortly  before 
1821,  and  placed  over  a  chimney  in  the  hall  of  Hey  wood-house,  near  Westbury, 
Wilts,  the  residence  of  Abraham  Ludlow,  esq.  who  is  designated  by  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare 
a  descendant  of  his  (the  General's)  family."— History  of  Modern  Wilts,  Heytes- 


as 


bury  Hundred,  p.  26,  and  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  Sept.  1821,  p.  232. 

t  Addison's  observation  on  the  motto  is,  that  "  the  first  part  is  a  piece  of  a  verse  in 
Ovid,  as  the  last  is  a  cant  of  his  own." 

Omne  solum  forti  patria  est ;  ut  piscibus  nquor  ; 
Vt  volocri,  vacuo  qQicquid  in  orbe  patet. 

(Fasti,  Lib.  i.  v.  493.) 


Monumetih  of  English  Repuhlkan  Refvgees         [March, 

mounted  by  a  crest,  are  placed  within 
a  larger  shield.  The  centre  shield  is 
charged  with  a  chevron  ermine  be- 
tween three  swans*  heads — the  coat  of 
Cawley,  and  the  crest  a  demi-griflbn 
issuing  from  a  wreath.  The  dexter 
shield  has  a  blank  with  an  impalement, 
viz  : — three  bull's  heads,  two  and  one. 
The  sinister  shield  has  also  a  blank 
with  an  impalement,  seemingly  like  two 
bends.  These  were,  no  doubt,  the  coats 
of  the  two  wives  of  Cawle^. 

The  first  of  these  exiles  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Dr.  Nicholas  Love,  one 
of  the  king's  chaplains,  and  master  of 
Winchester,  by  his  wife  Dowsabella, 
daughter  of  Barnabas  Colnett,  of  Comb- 
hay,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  by  Elizabeth, 
sister  and  heir  of  Sir  Richard  MiUes, 
of  Grove  Place,  in  Hampshire.  The 
father  of  Dr.  Love  was  John  Love,  of 
Basing,  in  the  same  county,  and  that 
property  remained  in  the  descendants 
of  the  elder  son  until  sold  by  the  late 
Francis  Love  Beckford,  whose  mother, 
Susanna,  was  sole  daughter  and  heir 
of  Richard  Love,  of  Basing.  It  ap- 
pears from  the  Heralds*  Visitations  pf 
the  county  that  the  exiled  son  was 
fourteen  in  1622,  and  this  accords  with 
the  date  on  his  tombstone.  From  one 
Visitation  he  would  seem  to  have  been 
married,  but  the  name  of  the  wife  is  not 
recorded.  He  is  described  as  of  Nor- 
ton, in  Hants,  and  of  Lincoln's  Inn. 

Cawley  was  of  a  Sussex  family,  es- 
tablished at  Chichester,  and  there  is 
some  account  of  him,  together  with  a 
pedigree,  given  by  Dallaway  in  that 
portion  of  his  History  of  Sussex,  but 
with  this  error,  that  be  is  there  stated 
to  have  died  at  Bruges.  Both  Love 
and  Cawley  were  members  of  the 
Rump  Parliament,  but  the  latter  alone 
signed  the  king's  death-warrant. 

All  the  above  parties,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Broughton,  are,  of  course, 
noticed  in  Noble's  work,  called,  by 
courtesy,  the  "  Lives  of  the  Regicides, 
a  most  meagre  production,  oftentimes 
incorrect,  and  where  every  name  ap- 
pears  as  if  intended  as  a  peg  on  which 
to  hang  a  string  of  scurrilous  epithets 
to  be  applied  to  the  subjects  of  his  so- 
called  biographies.  Coxe  speaks  fairly 
of  Ludlow.  He  was  a  staunch  repub- 
lican, no  doubt.  Had  he  lived  in  these 
halcyon  days  of  constitutional  mo- 
narchy, he  might  have  been  a  liberal 
Whig.  The  opening  lines  of  his  memoirs 
bare  a  dignined  grandeur  that  at  once 


262 


arras  /xci/  aj]p  dtcra>  Trepacifios, 

arraa'a  bi  \6<ou  dt^Spl  yevyaltii  irarpis. 

Omnis  quidem  a&r  aquilec  permeabilis. 
Omnis  vero  terra  forti  viro  patria. 

See  Vol.  7,  p.  685,  Edit.  Glasg.  1821. 

There  is  also  a  passage,  of  which  I 
am  reminded,  in  Thucydides  (lib.  i. 
c.  43)  somewhat  similar  : — 

avhpSiv  yap  iinffiavaiu  naaa  yr^  tox^os. 

Of  Broughton's  parentage  we  know 
nothing.  It  will  be  seen  that  he  is 
described  on  his  monument  as  of  Maid- 
stone in  Kent,  and  there  is  some  ac- 
count of  him  in  Newton's  History  and 
Antiquities  of  that  place,  but  the  Re- 
gister of  Baptisms  contains  no  entry  to 
show  that  he  was  a  native. 

We  now  come  to  the  two  monu- 
mental slabs  which  t  succeeded  in 
bringing  to  light,  and  of  the  inscrip- 
tions on  which  the  following  are  copies. 

D.  O.  M. 

Hie  jacet 

Corpus  NicoLAi  Love  Armig'. 

Anglicani  de  Wintonia  ia 

Comitata  Southamptooiee 

Q  ui  post  discrimina  rerum 

Et  pngnam  pro  patria 

Tandem  in  Domino  requievit 

a  laboribns  in  spe  resurgendi 

gloriose  in  adventum  D'ai 

Nostri  Je    .     .     .     . 

Sanctis  suis 

5^.  die  Nov:  An:  Dom:  1G82 

^tatis  suae  74. 


Hie  jacet 

Tabernaeulum  terrestre 

GuLiELMi  Cawley 

Armigeri 

Nuper  de  Cieestr  .     . 

In  comitatu 

Sussexiae 


[Here  a  shield  of  arms  is  interposed.] 

Qui  postquam  aetate 

Sua  inservifit 

Dei  coneilio 

ohdormivit 

1666. 
.... 

The  chasms  in  the  above,  but  which, 
with  the  exception  of  the  presumed  age 
of  Cawley,  are  immaterial,  were  the 
result  of  a  difficulty  in  detaching  the 
beams  supporting  the  benches.  The 
word  Anglicani  seemed,  by  the  touch,  to 
follow  Armigeri  in  Cawley's  inscription. 

The  arms  on  this  latter  slao  are 
carved  in  a  somewhat  uncouth  fashion. 
Three  shields,  the  centre  one  sar- 


1854.] 


in  the  Church  at  Vevay. 


enchains  the  reader  in  sympathy  with 
his  sufferings  and  his  cause.  "  Having 
(he  says)  seen  our  cause  betrayed,  and 
the  most  solemn  promises  that  could 
be  made  to  the  asserters  of  it,  openly 
violated,  I  departed  from  my  native 
country." 

Whatever  acts  of  violence  the  Parli- 
amentary party  may  have  perpetrated, 
and  we  will  admit  the  King's  behead- 
ing to  be  the  most  flagrant,  they  may 
now  be  placed  on  our  bookshelves  in 
juxta-position  with  the  narrative  of 
the  judicial  murders  of  Russell  and 
Sidney,  and  the  bloody  tale  of  the 
shambles  of  Jeffreys.  Had  Charles 
succeeded,  does  his  most  infatuated 
apologist  suppose  that  the  scaffolds  on 
which  flowed  his  and  his  archbishop's 
blood  would  not  have  given  place  to 
one  vast  slaughter-house  reeking  with 
that  of  his  opponents  ?  In  these  hap- 
pily less  sanguinary  days  we  are  dis- 
|)osed  to  shudder  at  almost  any  judi- 
cial sacrifice  of  life ;  but  in  reading 
history  I  have  yet  to  learn  why  the 
martyr's  crown  should  be  placed  on  the 
brow  of  a  bad  monarch,  rather  than  on 
that  of  a  worthy  subject,  and  the  blood 
of  a  Russell  be  deemed  a  holier  offer- 
ing to  justice  than  that  of  a  Stuart. 

A  paper  was  read  about  a  year  ago, 
at  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,*  com- 
municating a  copy  of  the  address  made 
by  Ludlow  to  the  authorities  of  Vevay, 
on  his  return  to  England  after  the 
Revolution  of  1688 ;  but  it  was  an  er- 
ror in  the  contributor  to  assert  that  the 
epitaph  to  Love  was  "well  known," 
as,  until  I  had  the  boarding  removed, 
the  inscription  was  merely  conjectured 
— and  that  too  by  myself  The  docu- 
ment, which,  as  the  writer  says,  is 
"  curious,  as  presenting  a  specimen  of 
puritanical  phraseology  in  a  French 
dress,"  is  preserved,  "  with  its  obsolete 
orthography,"  as  follows  : — 

Adieu  de  M^  le  General  Ludlow. 

Lejeudi,  25  Juillet,  1689 — estants  as- 
semblez  a  I'ord'"  Mens''  le  Banderet, 
Mess'»  les  Con"  de  Toffray,  De  la  Fon- 
taine, Dufresne,  De  Montel,  Moret,  Du 
Tour,  Command"  Debolaz,  Giguillac, 
Hugonin,  Scanavin,  et  Moy. 

Mon'  le  General  Ludlow,  ayant  fait 
Tbonneur  k  ce  corps  de  venir  en  prendre 
cong^  pour  son  depart  d'Angleterre,  a 
produit  par  ecrit  le  complim*  cy  apres. 


263 

Le  Scig',  qui  m'a  pourveu  avec  plu- 
sieurs  autres  de  mes  cdpagnons  en  mes 
souff'rances  ct  ezil,  pour  sa  paroUe  et  le 
temognage  de  Jesus,  d'un  asyle  tres  fa- 
vorable en  nous  coaduisant  par  la  colomne 
de  feu  scabs  v're  benin  et  eq'table  gou- 
TernemS  m'appelant  aujoordbui  p»  faire 
un  tour  en  mon  pays  d'etat,  your  y  faire 
mon  possible  p'  fortiffier  les  mains  de 
n're  Gedcon,  q*  est  miraculeusem'  suscit^ 
p'  nous  retirer  de  la  maison  de  serritade, 
et  demolir  Taatel  de  Baal  contre  ceux  q' 
preanent  la  querelle  p'  lay  et  choisissent 
plustost  de  se  mettre  soabs  Tobre  de 
I'cpine  que  soubs  Peq*table  domina*on  da 
Roy  de  la  Justice,  et  du  prince  de  paix, 
ayant  par  la  grande  bont^  de  Dieu  depuis 
plusieurs  anneea,  entre  autres  providences 
signal^es  et  speciales,  aplem*  et  pleinem* 
experiraente  les  effets  de  la  tres  gracieuse 
reception  k  n're  j"  arriv6e  en  cette  ville, 
q*  vous  a  plu  de  nous  signifier  par  feu  M' 
le  Banderet  de  Montel  de  vVe  part,  comme 
membre  du  meme  corps  avec  vous,  doquel 
Christ  est  le  chef,  je  me  troave  oblig^ 
devant  que  je  parte  p'  I'Angleterre,  igno- 
rant les  choses  q'  m'y  doivent  arriver,  de 
vous  temogner  ma  tres  humble  reconnols- 
sance,  vous  suppliant  de  I'accepter  jusqaes 
a  ce  que  roccasion  se  pr'te  p'  le  mani« 
fester  plus  reellement.  Vous  assarant  qui 
je  ne  manqueray  pas  de  s'en  prevaloir  poar 
vous  faire  voir  a  tous  en  general  et  a 
chacun  en  particulier  que  je  seray  toute 
ma  vie  comme  oblig^  d'etre,  Tr^s  honno- 
rez  Seig",  votre  tres  humble,  tres  fidelle, 
et  tres  obeissant  serviteur, 

(Sign.)        Edm.  Ludlowb. 

Sur  ce  ord'  d'aller  prendre  cong^  du  lay 
en  corps,  et  s'il  le  souhaitte  lay  donner  an 
certificat  au  plus  ample. 

Among  the  records  from  which  Lud- 
low's address  was  extracted  I  found 
the  following,  which,  as  will  be  seen  by 
the  date,  refers  to  the  death  of  Nicholas 
Love : — 

Le  Lundi  6  Q*"*,  1682. 

Mons'  le  Commandant  et  Mons'  Dufour 
iront  complimenter  Mess'*  les  Anglaia  sur 

la  mort  de  Mon^' leur  com- 

patriote,  et  leur   accorderont  de  pouvoir 
I'ensevelir  dans  Teglise. 

There  is  also  a  notice  of  a  permission 
to  Ludlow's  wife  to  disinter  her  hus- 
band's remains,  to  remove  them  to 
another  chapel,  and  to  put  up  an  epi- 
taph. The  register  of  burials  preserved 
at  the  Hotel  de  Ville  commences  in 
1704,  the  older  records  having,  un- 
fortunately, been  destroyed  by  a  fire. 

L. 


Printed  in  the  Arcbseologia,  vol.  xxzv.  p.  1 U. 


264 


ON  THE  CHARACTER  OF  CERVANTES  AND  HIS  WRITINGS. 


AMONGST  the  celebrated  names 
in  the  annals  of  the  great  revival  of 
literature  in  Europe,  in  tlie  sixteenth 
century,  there  are  few  more  worthy 
to  be  Known  and  admired  than  Cer- 
vantes ;  yet,  among  the  great  number 
of  readers  in  this  country  conversant 
with  the  authors  of  that  period,  how 
few  are  there  who  could  tell  more  than 
that  he  wrote  Don  Quixote!  There 
have,  nevertheless,  been  many  lives 
written  of  him,  and  enough  is  known 
of  his  history  to  make  us  feel  that  we 
can  form  a  distinct  idea  of  the  genius 
and  character  of  the  man.  What 
would  we  not  give  to  possess  as  many 
facts  respecting  the  life  of  our  own 
Shakspere !  The  lives  most  esteemed 
of  Cervantes  are  that  by  Vicente  de 
los  Rios,  which  is  prefixed  to  the  edi- 
tion of  Don  Quixote  by  the  Spanish 
Academy,  Madrid,  1780,  4  tom.  fol. ; 
one  by  Juan  Antonio  Pellicer,  which 
was  first  printed  in  1778,  but  after- 
wards, with  large  additions,  introduced 
in  his  edition  of  Don  Quixote,  Madrid, 
1797, 1798, 5  tom.8vo.;  and  one  by  Don 
Martin  Fernandez  de  Navarrete,  pub- 
lished by  the  Spanish  Academy,  Madrid, 
1819.  This  is  the  life  which  Ticknor 
mentions  as  the  best  of  all  in  his 
opinion. 

The  family  of  Cervantes  was  noble, 
but  decayed.  Miguel  was  born  early 
in  October,  1547.  The  little  town  of 
Alcala  de  Henares,  about  twenty  miles 
from  Madrid,  has  the  honour  of  being 
his  birthplace.  His  parents  were  Rod- 
rigo  de  Cervantes  and  Donna  Leonora 
de  Cortinas.  By  nature  he  was  gifted 
with  a  brilliant  genius,  a  rare  imagina- 
tion, and  a  clear  judgment,  says  one 
of  his  biographers,*  and  so  vehement 
a  love  of  literature  that  he  read  every- 
thing that  came  within  his  reach.  He 
sou^t  to  gather  information  from 
every  source,  even  from  the  torn  papers 
he  met  with  in  the  streets,  as  he  tells 
us  himself.  His  parents  early  encou- 
raged his  love  of  learning,  and  he  was 
taught  grammar  and  reading  by  Master 
Juan  Lopez  de  Hoyos.  Li  the  year 
1568  it  appears  that  Cervantes  was  in 
Madrid  when   Queen   Isabella  died ; 


but  in  1570  he  was  living  at  Rome, 
acting  as  Chamberlain  to  the  Cardinal 
Acquaviva.  Julius  Acquavivahad  been 
sent  into  Spain  by  Pope  Pius  the  Fifth, 
to  obtain  satisfaction  from  Philip  the 
Second  touching  certain  ecclesiastical 
matters  at  Milan.  When  he  returned 
to  Rome  he  was  made  a  Cardinal,  and 
carried  Miguel  away  with  him,  beins 

Erobably  pleased  with  the  grace  and 
eauty  of  his  person  and  mind. 
The  holy  Pontiff,  Philip  the  Second, 
and  the  Republic  of  Venice  united  to- 
gether, soon  after  this,  against  Selim, 
the  Emperor  of  the  Turks,  which 
league  was  concluded  on  the  29th  of 
May,  1571 ;  and  Cervantes,  dissatisfied 
with  the  idle  life  of  a  court,  longing 
for  glory,  to  which  his  disposition  in- 
clined him,  felt  an  ambition  to  become 
a  soldier.  "  There  are  no  better  sol- 
diers than  those  transplanted  from  the 
seats  of  learning  to  the  fields  of  war," 
as  he  observes  long  afterwards  in  one 
of  his  works.f  This  joint  armament 
was  commanded  by  Don  John  of  Aus- 
tria, a  natural  son  of  the  Emperor 
Charles  the  Fifth,  and  who  would  him- 
self make  an  admirable  hero  for  a  ro- 
mance. It  was  at  Lepanto,  fighting 
under  him,  that  Cervantes  received 
the  wound  which  deprived  him  of  the 
use  of  his  left  hand  and  arm  for  the 
rest  of  his  life.  But  upon  this  and  other 
details  of  his  career  in  the  paths  of 
glory,  of  his  captivity  among  the  Moors 
at  Algiers,  his  sufferings  and  trials, 
his  many  adventures,  and  finally  his 
release  and  restoration  to  his  own 
country,  having  gained  the  love  and 
admiration  of  all  who  knew  him  by  his 
noble,  brave,  and  unselfish  character, 
we  have  not  present  time  or  space  to 
dwell  further,  our  object  here  being  to 
give  some  account  of  his  literary  la- 
bours rather  than  his  personal  history. 
He  returned  to  Spain  in  1580,  after 
a  ten  years'  absence,  poor,  and  without 
a  friend  to  assist  bis  career  in  life. 
His  mother  had  impoverished  herself 
by  paying  the  ransom  for  her  sons, 
Miguel  and  an  elder  brother,  who  had 
been  released  three  years  before  him. 
His  father  was  dead. 


•  Pellicer. 


t  Periiles,  book  iii.  chap.  10. 


1854.]         The  Character  of  Cervantes  and  his  Writings. 


265 


The  first  work  we  hear  of  is  his 
Galatea,  a  pastoral  romance,  or  eclogue, 
made  familiar  to  us,  though  somewhat 
abridged  and  altered,  by  Florian.  It 
is  said  that  Cervantes  wrote  it  to  win 
the  favour  of  a  fair  lady  of  good  family 
who  lived  at  Esquivias,  a  village  near 
Madrid,  and  that  she  is  celebrated  in  it 
as  the  shepherdess  Amaryllis.  Be  this  as 
it  may,  before  it  was  finished  he  married 
Donna  Catalina  de  Salazar,  of  Esqui- 
vias, whereby  he  seems  to  have  gained 
happiness,  but  not  wealth,  though  she 
was  the  possessor  of  a  small  property 
at  that  place ;  and,  in  order  to  subsist 
and  maintain  a  family,  he  turned  his 
attention  to  the  drama.  At  this  period 
it  was  in  a  rude  and  unformed  state. 
He  tells  us  of  twenty  or  thirty  plays 
which  were  acted  with  applause :  of 
these  but  ei^ht  or  nine  are  known. 
Sismondi,  in  his  Litterature  du  Midi, 
has  given  a  curious  extract  from  the 
preface  to  his  plays,  in  which  Cer- 
vantes narrates  what  he  had  done  for 
the  improvement  of  the  drama,  and 
describes  the  state  he  found  it  in  ; 
modestly  speaks  of  his  own  success, 
and  of  the  two  most  celebrated  of  his 
works  in  this  line — the  Life  in  Algiers 
and  Numantia:  *'I  was  at  length," 
says  he,  "  occupied  with  other  matters, 
and  I  laid  down  my  pen  and  forsook 
the  drama.  In  the  meantime  appeared 
that  prodigy  Lope  de  Vega,  who  imme- 
diately assumed  the  dramatic  crown."* 
Of  these  plays  both  Sismondi  and 
Ticknor  have  given  us  a  full  and  ex- 
cellent account.  Schlegel  speaks  of 
the  Nuniantia  as  if  it  were  not  merely 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  efforts 
of  the  early  Spanish  theatre,  but  one 
of  the  most  striking  exhibitions  of 
modern  poetry.  It  does  not,  however, 
appear  that  this  was  profitable  enough 
to  go  on  with.  He  had  a  sister  de- 
pendent upon  him  as  well  as  a  wife  to 
maintain.  No  mention  is  ever  made 
of  children  ;  it  is  probable,  therefore, 
that  he  had  none.  In  his  last  work, 
Pcrsiles  and  Sigismunda,  which  we 
shall  notice  by  and  by,  he  introduces 
a  poet,  in  whom  we  plainly  see  he 
means  to  describe  himself,  "  who  came 
with  the  company  (a  party  of  travel- 
ling comedians)  on  purpose  to  help  and 
patch  up  and  mend  old  plays,  and  also 
write  new  ones,  an  occupation  that 


brought  him  more  work  than  profit, 
and  more  amusement  than  honour. 
However,"  continues  he,  "good poetry 
is  always  like  clear  water;  it  improves 
all  unclean  things.  Like  the  sun,  it 
passes  over  all  impurities  without  being 
defiled  by  them.  It  is  a  gleam  of  light 
that  shines  forth  from  a  dark  corner, 
not  burning,  but  illumining,  all  it  meets 
with."  Thus  he  consoled  himself  for 
the  lack  of  any  profit  in  his  pursuit,  in 
his  usual  gay  and  cheerful  manner  of 
looking  into  all  things, — thus  does  he, 
with  a  lively  and  bright  spirit,  make 
even  adversity  smile. 

He  went  next  to  Seville,  which  he 
calls  in  one  of  his  noveb  "  a  shelter  for 
the  poor  and  a  refuge  for  the  unfortu- 
nate." He  tried  a  quite  different  trade 
here,  acting  as  one  of  the  agents  of 
Antonio  de  Guevara,  a  royal  commis- 
sary for  the  American  fleets,  and  after- 
wards as  a  collector  of  moneys  due  to 
the  government  and  to  private  indi- 
viduals. It  was  during  the  time  he 
held  these  employments  that  he  had 
to  travel  in  different  parts  of  Anda- 
lusia and  Granada,  by  which  means  he 
became  acquainted  thorough^  with 
life,  manners,  and  scenery  in  those 
beautiful  parts  of  his  native  country ; 
and  we  perceive  the  result  in  the  fide- 
lity and  truth  with  which  he  describes 
places  and  persons  in  the  tales  he 
wrote  afterwards. 

But  still  his  evil  star  pursued  him ; 
he  again  fell  into  trouble  and  a  second 
captivity,  though  not  this  time  among 
the  Moors,  but  in  a  prison  at  Seville. 
Different  accounts  are  given  of  the 
cause  of  this  new  misfortune.  Ticknor*s, 
however,  is  probably  the  true  one, — 
"  some  debts  incurred,  partly  owing  to 
the  failure  of  a  person  to  whose  care 
he  had  entrusted  money,  partly,  per- 
haps, to  his  own  negligence.  The  sum 
was  so  small  that  it  seems  to  mark  a 
more  severe  degree  of  poverty  than  he 
had  yet  suffered."  He  was  released 
after  about  three  months*  imprison- 
ment. His  residence  at  Seville  ex- 
tended from  1588  to  1598,  or  perhaps 
longer.  Besides  this  imprisonment  at 
Seville  for  debt  in  1597,  he  seems  asain 
to  have  been  in  confinement  at  Valla- 
dolid.  Pellicer  enters  very  fully  into 
all  the  particulars  of  this ;  he  says  that 
it  was  in  1605,  and,  after  quoting  a 


Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLL 


*  Roscoe's  Translation. 


2M 


266 


The  Character  of  Cervantes  and  his  Writings.      [March, 


passage  from  the  Prologue  to  Don 
Quixote,  which  seems  to  prove  that  it 
was  planned  and  partly  written  in  a 
prison,  he  goes  on  to  say, 

In  a  prison,  then,  and  without  books  or 
any  oilier  assistance  except  that  which  he 
could  command  from  his  own  memory  and 
fertile  imagination,  he  composed  a  work 
original,  delightful,  elegant  in  style,  in- 
structive, of  a  marvellous  invention,  mas- 
terly good  taste,  and  matter  for  never- 
ending  and  pleasant  diversion :  a  work  ^ 
which  displays  the  liveliness  of  his  fancy, 
the  richness  of  his  genius  and  of  his 
learning,  and  yet  more  of  his  Christian 
philosophy ;  for,  though  the  prison  was 
inconvenient  and  melancholy,  yet  neither 
did  his  imagination  grow  dull,  nor  Ins 
invention  fail,  nor  did  his  miud  grow 
depressed. 

He  tried,  but  in  vain,  to  obtain  from 
the  King  an  appointment  in  America, 
setting  forth,  by  exact  documents  which 
now  constitute  the  most  valuable  ma- 
terials for  bis  biography,  a  general 
account  of  his  adventures,  services, 
and  sufferings,  while  a  soldier  in  the 
Levant,  and  of  the  miseries  of  his  life 
while  a  slave  in  Algiers.  This  was  in 
1590.*  Ticknor  takes  his  authority 
from  the  Life  by  Navarretc.  He  never 
got  any  thing  but  a  formal  answer  to 
his  application. 

It  nas  been  said  above  that  the  Don 
Quixote  was  written  in  a  prison.  It 
is  not  exactly  clear  when  it  was  begun, 
but  certainly  during  part  of  this  time 
when  he  was  overwhelmed  with  trouble 
and  vexation  of  every  sort.  Cervantes 
was  in  Seville  when  King  Philip  the 
Second  died,  1598.  Pcllicer  says  that 
nothing  is  known  of  his  refuge  or 
dwelling-place  from  this  time  till  we 
find  him  in  Valladolid  in  the  year  1604. 
Did  he  move  at  once  from  Seville  to 
this  town,  where  Philip  the  Third  held 
his  new  court  ?  or  was  he  wandering 
in  other  kingdoms  and  provinces? 
This  is  exactly  what  we  know  nothing 
of.  Pellicer  is  disposed  to  believe  that 
he  was,  during  this  time,  acquiring  that 
knowledge  of  La  Mancha,  which  soon 
after  shone  forth  in  the  Don  Quixote. 
However,  we  have  not  space  to  pursue 
the  inquiry  here. 

In  spite  of  the  extraordinary  success 
of  the  new  production,  which  was 
printed  at  Madrid  in  1605,  and  of  the 
universal  admiration  it  excited,  we  do 


not  find  the  condition  of  its  author  at 
all  improved.  He  was  now  a  courtier, 
and  followed  the  court  to  Madrid ;  but 
still  poor,  unfriended,  and  necessitous. 
His  book  was  translated  into  all  lan- 
guages, and  read  by  every  body ;  but 
neither  Philip  the  Third,  nor  any  of 
the  great  men  of  his  court,  once  thought 
of  extending  the  hand  of  assistance  to 
a  man  whose  name  was  to  live  for  ever 
as  an  honour  and  a  glory  to  the  un- 
grateful country  which  was  unworthy 
to  call  him  her  son. 

Eight  years  after  this,  in  1613,  he 
published  his  Novelas  Exemplares,  or 
Instructive  Tales,  twelve  in  number ; 
and  in  the  preface  he  announces  a 
second  part  of  Don  Quixote.  Before 
it  could  be  published,  a  person  calling 
himself  Avellaneda,  who  is  suspected 
of  being  a  Dominican  monk,  came  out 
with  an  imi>ertinent  and  affronting 
production  which  he  called,  the  secona 
volume  of  the  ingenious  Knight  Don 
Quixote  de  hi  Mancha.  It  i^  singular 
that  the  real  author  of  this  was  never 
known,  though  all  manner  of  conjec- 
tures were  afloat  at  the  time.  Pellicer 
and  Navarrete  give  the  whole  discus- 
sion at  length.  Cervantes  brought  his 
second  part  out  earlier  than  he  had  in- 
tended m  consequence.  It  was  finished 
in  February,  1615,  and  published  the 
autumn  following.  As  the  Duchess 
said  in  Don  Quixote,  chap.  32,  it  went 
forth  into  the  full  daylight  of  the  world 
with  the  greatest  applause  of  all  men. 

It  has  been  said  that  Cervantes 
wrote  the  little  work  called  The  Bus- 
capie  or  Squih^  because  he  saw  that 
his  book  was  read  by  those  who  could 
not  understand  it,  and  that  those  who 
could,  did  not  read  it ;  and  that  in  it 
he  pointed  out  that  his  Don  Quixote 
was  a  neat  and  veiled  satire  upon  many 
well  known  and  great  personages, 
amongst  whom  were  the  Emperor 
Charles  the  Fifth  and  the  Dute  of 
Lerma.  In  the  Life  by  Pellicer,  many 
pages  are  devoted  to  shew  the  ab- 
surdity of  such  a  belief,  and  to  prove 
that  it  never  was  written  by  Cervantes, 
and  cert^iinly  not  retjuired  by  way  of 
enhancing  the  value  of  his  book.  It 
would  be  far  too  long  for  us  to  enter  into 
it  at  present.  Any  one  who  ever  read 
the  Buscapie,  at  least  the  short  story 
that  has  been  published  under  that 


*  Ticknor,  voh  ii. 


1854.]         The  Character  of  Cervantes  and  his  Writings* 


267 


name,  must  feel  perfectly  satisfied  that 
Pellicer  is  in  the  right.  A  full  account 
of  the  Buscapie  discussions  may  be 
perused  in  the  Appendix  to  Ticknor's 
History  of  Spanish  Literature.  In 
fact,  it  is  clearly  a  mere  imitation, 
written  by  an  anonymous  author.  The 
success  of  Don  Quixote  was  proved 
incontestably  by  the  number  of  its 
editions ;  three  if  not  four  were  made 
in  the   year   1605,   in   which   it  was 

Sublished.  Such  an  awakener  as  the 
luscapie  was  consequently  not  needed. 
The  Novelas  Exemplarcs  have  never 
been  well  translated.  They  are  writ- 
ten, says  Mr.  Ticknor,  with  an  idio- 
matic richness,  a  spirit  and  a  grace 
which,  though  they  are  the  oldest  tales 
of  their  class  in  Spain,  have  left  them 
ever  since  without  successful  rivals. 
Some  of  the  tales  were  translated  into 
English  in  1640.  There  is  an  abridge- 
ment of  one  of  them  in  Florian — The 
Fuerza  de  la  Sangre,  under  the  name 
of  Leocadie — an  English  translation 
by  Mabbe,  London,  1640,  folio.  A 
good  many  of  the  talcs  were  included 
in  an  old  Collection  of  Novels  and 
Romances,  1729.  In  the  year  1742 
an  English  translation  by  Shelton  was 
republished,  and  a  note  in  Roscoe's 
translation  of  Sismondi's  Litterature 
de  Midi  mentions  a  newer  translation 
in  2  vols.  12mo.  1822.  The  year  after 
Cervantes  had  brought  his  Novelas 
before  the  public,  he  printed  his  Jour- 
ney to  Parnassus,  a  satire;  and  in  1615, 
the  same  year  in  which  the  second  part 
of  Don  Quixote  appeared,  some  come- 
dies were  printed  which  were  never 
acted,  and  he  found  a  publisher  for 
them  with  difficulty. 

There  remains  now  only  one,  and 
that  his  last  work,  to  notice,  and  we 
must  hasten  to  bring  the  life  of  our 
author  to  a  close.  In  the  Dedication 
to  the  Count  de  Lemos  which  is  affixed 
to  the  second  part  of  his  Don  Quixote, 
he  alludes  to  his  failing  health.  By  the 
manner  in  which  he  writes  to  this  noble- 
man, it  may  be  inferred  that  towards  the 
end  of  his  liie  some  favour  and  patronage 
was  bestowed  upon  him  by  the  Count. 
In  the  Dedication  to  the  Count  de 
Lemos,  which  we  find  in  his  "Persiles 
and  Sigismunda,"  (the  work  alluded 
to  above,)  he  speaks  of  "  the  hopes  he 


has  e  ntertained  of  his  lordship*s  good- 
ness." We  would  fain  hope  tnat  some 
"  goodness  '*  was  intended  to  cheer  his 
old  age,  had  his  life  been  longer  spared 
to  benefit  by  it.  The  preface  to  this 
romance  was  written  afler  his  return 
from  Esquivias,  where  he  had  gone, 
probably  for  change  of  air,  and  to 
enjoy  more  quiet  than  he  could  do  in 
Madrid;  and  we  may  consider  it  as 
almost  a  last  legacy  from  him,  and 
containing  his  farewell  words. 

He  was  not  very  far  from  seventy 
years  of  age,  and  his  health  was  rapidly 
failing  under  the  influence  of  disease 
and  worn-out  strength ;  yet  still  his 
lively  spirits  and  cheerful  good-humour 
were  unabated,  as  may  be  seen  by  any 
one  who  takes  the  trouble  to  read  this 
very  remarkable  preface ;  and  those 
who  take  still  further  trouble  and  read 
the  romance  itself,  will  perceive  that 
the  brightness  of  his  fancy  and  the 
fertility  of  his  imagination,  were  like- 
wise uuchanged  and  undiminished. 

We  have  seen  with  pleasure  that 
this  work,  hitherto  almost  entirely  un- 
known in  this  country,  has  iust  been 
presented  to  the  English  public* 

It  was  not  published  till  six  months 
after  the  death  of  its  author,  which 
took  place  on  the  23rd  of  April, 
1616. 

The  dedication  is  dated  the  19th  of 
the  same  month ;  he  had  received  ex- 
treme unction  only  the  day  before. 
"  My  time,"  says  he,  "  is  short,  my 
fears  increase,  my  hopes  diminish ;  yet 
do  I  greatly  wish  that  my  life  could  be 
prolonged,  so  that  I  might  have  the 
great  delight  of  seeing  your  Excellency 
once  again  in  Spain  ;  it  would  almost 
be  new  life  to  me  ;  but  if  it  be  decreed 
that  I  am  to  lose  it,  the  will  of  heaven 
be  done." 

The  Count  de  Lemos  was  then  on 
his  way  home  from  Naples,  but  before 
he  arrived  the  great  and  noble  spirit 
of  Cervantes  was  released. 

The  number  of  editions  through  which 
"Persiles  and  Sigismunda"  has  gone 
in  Spain,  prove  the  estimation  in  which 
it  was  held  in  that  country ;  and  it  ap- 
pears that  not  only  Cervantes  himself, 
but  his  friends,  thought  it  admirable, 
and  Joseph  de  Valdivieso  said  he  had 
equalled  or    surpassed  in  it  all  his 


*  The  Wanderings  of  Persiles  and  Sigismunda,    A  northern  story,  by  Miguel  de 
Cervantes  Saavedra.     London.     Cundall,  1854. 


Hie  Character  of  Cervantes  and  his  Writings.      [March, 

princess  of  Friesland  for  his  hero  and 
heroine,  Cervantes-  had  got  into  safe 
ground  for  the  display  of  any  amount 
of  imagination,  and  might  talk  ahout 
snowy  islands  and  frozen  seas  without 
any  necessity  for  keeping  within  the 
bounds  of  reality ;  but,  with  the  care- 
lessness and  inconsistency  for  which 
he  is  so  remarkable,  and  which  he  has 
shewn  to  a  great  degree  also  in  his 
Don  Quixote,  he  suddenly  forgets  that 
he  must  keep  to  the  dreamland  he  has 
chosen,  and,  by  bringing  in  persons  and 
events  that  belong  to  his  own  time, 
fixes  the  date  exactly. 

It  is  impossible  to  suppose  that  he 
was  ignorant  of  the  manners  and  habits 
of  England  and  Ireland  at  a  time  when 
the  history  of  both  was  closely  con- 
nected with  that  of  Spain ;  we  know, 
indeed,  that  he  was  not.  Even  after 
the  death  of  Mary,  who  had  espoused 
Philip  U.  a  Spanish  ambassador  was 
living  at  Elizabeth*s  court.  Cervantes 
returned  from  his  Moorish  captivity 
in  1580.  He  must  have  been  per- 
fectly aware  of  all  the  intrigues  and 
plots  of  the  Duke  of  Alva,  who  for  so 
many  years  endeavoured  to  excite  the 
subjects  of  the  Protestant  queen  to 
rebellion  and  treason.  He  must  have 
known  that  Don  John  of  Austria,  the 
hero  of  Lepanto,  was  plotting  with  the 
Pope  and  the  Guises  to  depose  her, 
marry  the  Queen  of  Scots,  and  obtain 
for  himself  the  crown  of  England.f 
Death,  indeed,  ended  the  prmects,  and 
stayed  the  ambition  of  Don  John ;  but 
still  the  Pope  and  Philip  the  Second 
continued  to  plan  and  plot  against 
Elizabeth,  whose  wise  and  steady  reign 
was  the  main  support  of  the  Protestant 
Reformation.  At  the  time  of  the  cele- 
brated expedition  to  Cadiz,  where 
Drake  with  his  little  fleet  of  four-and- 
twenty  vessels,  burnt,  sunk,  and  de- 
stroyed above  a  hundred  of  the  Spanish 
ships,  Cervantes  was  living  at  Seville, 
and  in  1598  he  seems  to  have  been 
there  also  ;  at  any  rate  Pellicer  gives 
us  a  sonnet,  which  he  wrote  after  the 
sacking  of  Cadiz  by  Essex  and  How- 
ard. And  doubtless,  from  the  accounts 
of  the  survivors  who  returned  to  Spain 


268 


former  efforts.*  In  this  opinion  we 
do  not  think  English  readers  of  these 
days  will  be  inclined  to  agree.  Still 
it  well  deserves  to  be  known,  and  read, 
and  appreciated.  It  has  been  said  that 
he  looked  to  the  Greek  romances,  and 
took  the  Thea^enes  and  Chariclea  of 
Heliodorus  as  his  model.  It  is  proba- 
ble that  this  was  so,  but  the  chief 
likeness  consists  in  his  taking  a  pair 
of  lovers  of  superhuman  beauty,  and 
carrying  them  through  a  variety  of  the 
most  marvellous  adventures ;  but  here 
the  comparison  ceases.  We  question 
whether  any  modern  reader  would  have 
patience  to  read  through  many  chapters 
of  the  ^thiopic  adventures,  and  yet 
that  work  has  not  been  without  its 
meed  of  praise ;  and  its  author,  we  are 
told  by  Heylin,  chose  rather  to  lose 
his  bishoprick  than  consent  to  the 
burning  of  his  book,  which  a  'pro- 
vincial synod  had  adjudged  to  the  fire. 
In  the  romance  of  "  Persiles,"  although 
there  is  an  abundance  of  improbabili- 
ties and  absurdities,  yet  the  adventures 
and  incidents  are  so  rapidly  and  spirit- 
edly told  as  to  make  it  attractive  and 
entertaining.  Although  the  story  is 
wild  and  fantastic,  yet  the  style  is  ex- 
tremely beautiful  and  graceful,  and 
some  of  the  stories  have  an  especial 
interest,  because  we  can  plainly  dis- 
cern in  them  traces  of  Cervantes'  own 
experience  in  life,  and  passages  which 
belong  to  his  own  history.  In  many 
parts  we  find  the  knowledge  of  the 
world  and  of  human  nature,  in  which 
he  so  eminently  excelled ;  and  flashes 
of  his  own  bright  and  sunny  humour 
are  not  unfrequent. 

With  all  these  merits,  it  is  the  more 
extraordinary  that  there  should  be 
mingled  in  this  remarkable  composi- 
tion such  striking  absurdities.  In  the 
beginning  of  his  story  it  is  plain  that 
he  meant  to  throw  the  date  of  it  so  far 
back  that  he  might  carry  his  pilgrims 
through  a  sort  of  imaginary  land,  such 
as  was  inhabited  by  the  princes  and 
princesses  and  knights  errant  of  the 
old  romances  he  had  himself  sought  to 
put  down  and  cast  ridicule  upon.  By 
fixing  upon  a  prince  of  Iceland  and  a 


*  In  the  approbation  given  at  Madrid  when  the  book  was  to  be  printed,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1616  : — 

Que  de  qaaatos  dej6  escritos,  ninguno  es  mas  ingenioso, 
Mas  Culto,  ni  mas  entretenido. 

t  Modern  History  of  England.    Turner. 


1854.]        The  Character  of  Cervantes  and  his  Writings. 


269 


afler  the  dispersion  of  the  Invincible 
Armada,  he  collected  his  ideas  of  the 
wild  xocks  and  dangerous  shores  that 
were  to  be  found  among  the  northern 
seas.  But,  setting  all  truth  and  pro- 
bability aside,  he  chose  to  let  his  fancy 
wander  and  create  imaginary  king- 
doms, and  people  the  islands  that  lie 
around  the  coasts  of  Great  Britain 
with  barbarians  and  savages,  at  its 
own  sweet  will. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  third  book 
of  Fersiles  and  Sigismunda,  he  brings 
his  wandering  pilgrims  into  Portugal, 
and  we  know  that  the  time  must  be  in 
the  reign  of  either  Philip  the  Second 
or  Third,  when  Spain  and  Portugal 
were  (as  we  may  even  in  our  present 
time  possibly  again  see  them)  united 
as  one  kingdom,  and  a  Spanish  viceroy 
reigned  in  Lisbon. 

The  apparent  ignorance  of  England 
and  English  history  which  he  displays, 
proves  most  distinctly  that  it  was  not 
his  intention  to  describe  that  country 
or  her  neighbouring  islands  as  they 
actually  were,  and  he  maintains  the 
same  sort  of  ignorance  in  speaking  of 
Denmark  or  Norway,  or  indeed  any  of 
the  northern  countries;  evidently  his 
descriptions  are  taken  from  the  wild 
tales  and  exaggerated  accounts  he  had 
read  in  the  voyages  and  travels  among 
the  northern  seas.  Ramusio,  a  Ve- 
netian, published  in  1550  the  1st  vo- 
lume of  his  collection  of  travels,  his 
2nd  volume  came  out  in  1559,  and 
his  3rd  in  1565.  In  this  collection  was 
included  the  Travels  of  Marco  Polo, 
and  also  the  curious  voyages  of  the 
Zeni  Brothers. 

Several  enterprising  navigators  had 
found  their  way  into  the  frozen  seas  of 
hitherto  unknown  regions,  but  geo- 
graphical knowledge  even  at  the  end 
of  the  sixteenth  century  was  very 
small  and  scanty. 

But,  with  respect  to  the  corsair  or 
irate  vessels,  which  he  represents  in 
is  romance,  as  cruizing  about  the 
seas  in  search  of  spoil,  and  vet  as  being 
under  the  command  of  highly  respect* 
able  personages,  as  for  instance,  one 
captain  is  spoken  of  as  being  a  par- 
ticular friend  of  the  Prince  of  Den- 
mark, and  another  aspires  to  gain  the 
love  of  a  King's  daughter,  we  need 
only  look  back  to  the  history  of  those 
times  and  we  shall  see  that  such  things 
were,  and  that  a  gentleman  well  born 


I 


and  needy  might  fit  out  a  vessel  and 
sail  upon  an  expedition  to  which  perhaps 
in  these  days  we  might  give  a  very 
different  name  and  view  in  quite  another 
light.  In  fact  it  was  to  the  sins  of 
Spain  that  these  gentlemen  pirates 
owed  their  existence.  The  jealousy  of 
the  Spaniards  would  not  allow  any 
other  nation  to  trade  or  settle  in  the 
West  Indies.  About  the  year  1524 
those  associations  were  begun  which 
ended  in  the  terrible  history  of  the 
buccaneers. 

At  that  time  and  long  afterwards  Spain, 
in  right  of  her  priority  of  discovery,  con- 
sidered the  whole  of  the  New  World  as 
treasure- trove,  of  which  she  was  lawfully 
and  exclusively  the  mistress.  Every  fo- 
reigner found  on  the  coasts  of  the  vast 
American  continent  or  among  the  islands 
was  treated  as  a  robber ;  and  this  being  the 
case,  it  is  no  wonder  that  seafaring  ad- 
venturers became  notorious  for  their  pre- 
datory or  ferocious  habits,  and  returned 
cruelty  for  cruelty.  But  the  enterprising 
nations  of  Europe  were  not  to  be  checked 
by  the  tyranny  of  Spain.  The  mariners 
of  Europe  considered  the  New  World  as  an 
Eldorado,  where  gold  and  treasures  were 
to  be  had  for  the  fetching.  The  barbarities 
and  cruelties  committed  by  the  Spaniards 
were  circulated  as  popular  stories  and  pro- 
duced a  great  sensation.  A  Frenchman  of 
the  name  of  Mont  Bar  became  a  buccaneer 
on  purpose  to  avenge  his  nation,  and  killed 
so  many  Spaniards  in  the  West  Indies  that 
he  obtained  the  name  of  the  Exterminator. 
Another  took  up  the  trade  because  he  was 
in  debt  and  wished  to  pay  his  creditors ; 
by  degrees,  many  respectable  men  joined 
the  association,  generally  dropping  their 
own  name  and  assuming  a  new  one — Peter 
of  Dieppe,  Bartolomeo  Portuguez,  Fran9ois 
rOlonnais,  and  Mansvelt  were  distinguished 
captains  of  buccaneer  or  pirate  ships  in 
those  days;  but  the  fame  of  the  well  known 
Henry  Morgan,  a  Welshman,  eclipsed 
them  all;  he  was  knighted  by  Charles  the 
Second,  and  made  Deputy- Governor  of 
Jamaica.  (P.  Cycl.  art.  Buccaneers.) 

Sir  Francis  Drake,  our  own  great 
circumnavigator,  may  be  considered 
as  one  of  the  greatest  in  this  line  :  of 
low  birth,  only  a  common  seaman  at 
first,  embarking  his  whole  small  fortune 
on  a  private  venture  to  the  West 
Indies,  a  rover  on  the  wide  seas  in 
search  of  gain,  not  over  particular  about 
the  means  whereby  it  was  obtained 
(Camden  says  that  he  got  some  store  of 
money  in  ^he  West  Indies  "  by  play- 
ing tiic  softiuan  and  the  pirate "),  but 


270 


The  New  Patron  Saint  of  Amiens. 


[March, 


chivalrous,  brave,  and  attentive  to  all 
the  decorums  of  society, — his  name  was 
long  a  word  of  dread  in  Spanish  ears ; 
Lope  de  Vega  devoted  a  whole  poem 
to  the  subject  of  The  Dragon,  as  he  is 
called  through  the  whole  of  it.  His 
enterprises  in  South  America  would 
now  be  termed  piratical;  but  at  the 
time  he  lived,  such  deeds  were  but  the 
steps  leading  to  the  highest  dignities. 

Thus,  Cervantes  is  not  romancing 
when  he  sends  Periander  forth  upon 
an  expedition  as  captain  of  a  pirate 
ship  to  scour  the  seas  in  search  of  his 
lost  Auristella. 

We  have  digressed  far  away  from 
our  author,  and  to  him  we  must  now 
return.  It  has  already  been  said  that 
Cervantes  did  not  live  to  see  his  patron 
the  Count  de  Lemos,  nor  to  publish 
his  romance.  On  the  2nd  of  April  he 
had  entered  the  Order  of  Franciscan 
Friars ;  it  is  said  that  he  had  adopted 
their  habit  three  years  before;  it  was  a 
frequent  practice  in  those  days.  His 
mind,  though  still  full  of  life  and  vi* 
vacity,  was  perfectly  calm  and  serene ; 
he  was  prepared  and  ready  to  leave  a 
world  where  life  had  been  to  him  a 
perpetual  struggle ;  and  yet  to  the  last 
we  find  evidence  of  that  bright  gay 
spirit  which  continual  disappomtment 


could  never  sour,  nor  captivity,  poverty, 
or  sickness  ever  quell. 

On  the  23d  April,  1616,  when  68 
years  of  age,  he  died  at  Madrid.  Ac- 
cording to  his  own  desire,  he  was 
buried  in  the  Convent  of  the  Nuns  of 
the  Trinity,  which  was  near  the  street 
of  Leon  where  he  lived.  The  poverty 
of  his  funeral,  and  the  obscurity  in 
which  he  lived  to  the  last,  seem  to 
prove  that  the  gratitude  he  expresses 
for  favours  and  Kindness  shewn  to  him 
by  the  Count  de  Lemos,  was  more  for 
what  he  trusted  might  be  in  store  for 
him  than  for  anything  he  had  hitherto 
received. 

Possibly  some  pecuniary  assistance 
may  have  been  vouchsafed  which  pre- 
served him  from  absolute  want.  It 
is  painful  to  reflect  that  neglect  through 
life  should  have  been  the  fate  of  this 
great  man,  and  that  he  was  allowed  to 
lie  down  at  last  in  an  unhonoured 
grave,  without  a  stone  or  epitaph  to 
mark  the  spot  where  his  remains  were 
laid.  A  few  years  afterwards  (as  we 
learn  from  Mr.  Ticknor)  the  very  con- 
vent in  which  he  had  been  buried  was 
removed  to  some  other  part  of  the 
city,  and  no  one  in  Spain  can  point  to 
the  spot  where  Cervantes  found  at 
last  a  peaceful  resting-place. 


THE  NEW  PATRON  SAINT  OF  AMIENS. 


FROM  "  Notes  at  Paris,  particuUrly  od 
the  State  and  Prospects  of  Religion/'  a 
book  of  which  further  notice  will  be  found 
among  the  Reviews  iu  our  present  Maga- 
zine, we  make  the  following  extract  rela- 
tive to  an  extraordinary  scene  which  took 
place  in  one  of  the  principal  cities  of 
France  in  the  month  of  October  last 
Among  the  numerous  practices  as  well  as 
doctrines  which  show  forth  the  revival  of 
the  spirit  of  Mediievalism  at  the  present 
time,  the  author  states,  that  "  We  behold 
the  Catacombs  of  Rome  worked  with  in- 
creased activity,  as  if  they  were  a  spiritual 
California.  Bones  and  skeletons  are  ex- 
humed from  their  quiet  abodes,  and  carried 
to  the  sacred  Mint  of  Reliques  at  Rome ; 
thence,  when  stamped  with  Papal  authority, 
they  are  issued  throughout  the  world,  and 
are  received  with  pomp  and  homage  in  the 
principal  cities  of  France,  and  are  displayed 
to  the  devotion  of  crowded  congr^ations 
bowing  before  them. 


**  An  aneient  Latin  inscription  was  dis- 
covered some  time  ago  in  the  Catacombs  at 
Rome,  near  the  Via  Salaria :  it  is  as  follows: 

AUBELIAE  ThBUDOSIAR 

Benionissimae  et 
Tncomparabili  Feminab 

AURELIUS  OpTATUS 

CoNJuoi  Innocbntissimae 

Depos.  Pa.  Kal.  D&c. 

Nat.  Ambiana 

B.  M.  F* 

i.  e. : — 

Tb  Aurelia  Theudotia, 

a  most  benign 

and  incomparable  Woman, 

Aurelius  Oplalus, 

to  his  moat  innocent  Wife, 

buried  xxxth  November , 

To  her  well- deserving 

he  placed  this  monument. 

I  reserve  the  words  '  Nat.  Ambiana'  to 
be  noticed  by  and  by. 


•  i.  e.  Bene  merenti/ecit. 


1854.] 


The  New  Patron  Saint  of  Amiens, 


271 


''This  inscription,  which  is  engraven 
on  a  marble  slab,  and  is  still  extant,  records 
the  burial  of  a  certain  Theudosia.  Near 
it  were  found  some  bones,  which  were 
supposed  to  be  her  mortal  remains.  As 
she  was  interred  in  the  Catacombs,  she 
was  presumed  to  be  a  Christian.  A  phial, 
supposed  to  hafve  once  contained  blood, 
was  found  near  the  remains.  Hence  Theu- 
dosia was  believed  by  some  to  have  been  a 
Christian  martyr.  Antiquaries  are  divided 
in  opinion  as  to  the  nature  and  puqjort  of 
this  evidence.  Some  maintain  that  wherever 
a  phial  is  found  in  the  Catacombs,  there 
is  the  grave  of  a  martyr.  Other  archaeo- 
logists are  of  opinion  that  '  what  in  these 
phials  is  called  blood  is  the  deposit  of  the 
wine  used  in  the  communion.'* 

"  However  this  may  be,  these  remains, 
supposed  to  be  the  relics  of  Aurelia  Theu- 
dosia, were  not  allowed  to  remain  unmo- 
lested in  the  peaceful  dormitory  of  the 
dead.  No  heed  was  paid  to  the  solemn 
language  of  that  other  Christian  inscrip- 
tion t  once  seen  in  the  Catacombs  at 
Rome : — 

Male  Pereat 

INSEPULTnS  JACEAT 

NGN  RESUROAT 

CUM  JUDA  PARTEM  HABEAT 

SI  QUis  Sepulcrum  hoc  viola VERIT. 

i.  e.  : — 

May  that  man  perish  miserably  t 

May  he  lie  unburied, 

May  he  not  rise  again. 

May  he  have  his  portion  with  Judas, 

Who  violates  this  Grave, 

"  The  grave  trflt*  rifled  of  its  contents. 
The  sacred  remains  of  this  reputed  Chris- 


tian woman — this  beloved  wife — this  sup- 
posed Christian  martyr,  Theudosia,  were 
exhumed  from  the  privacy  of  the  tomb, 
and  were  exposed  to  the  gaze  of  a  morbid 
curiosity.  The  sepulchral  tablet  waii  torn 
from  its  place.  They  were  subjected  to 
the  critical  scrutiny  of  a  Roman  tribunal 
— the  *  Congregation  of  Relics.'  A  pos- 
thumous inquest  was  held  on  the  body  by 
this  tribunal  more  than  1300  years  after 
its  decease,  and  a  verdict  was  pronounced 
— that  the  remains  in  question  were  those 
of  Theudosia — that  Theudosia  was  a  Chris- 
tian— a  saint — a  martyr — and  a  native  of 
Amiens  in  France, 

"  This  judicial  sentence  of  the  Roman 
tribunal  was  ratified  by  the  Bishop  of  Rome 
himself.  Nor  was  this  all.  The  Pope 
decreed  that  the  name  of  Theudosia  should 
now  be  added  to  the  ritual  of  the  church 
of  Amiens  ;  X  that  an  office  should  be  in- 
serted there  in  her  honour ;  and  that  hence- 
forth masses  should  be  said  in  her  name 
in  all  the  parishes  of  the  diocese  of  Amiens, 
and  an  annual  festival  be  celebrated  in  her 
memory. 

"  The  matter  did  not  rest  here.  These 
mortal  remains,  having  been  disinterred 
from  the  Catacombs  of  Rome,  must  now 
take  a  longer  journey  :  they  must  be  trans- 
ported to  Amiens  in  France.  Accordingly 
to  Amiens  they  came,  where  they  were 
received,  on  the  12th  October  last,  with 
extraordinary  pomp  of  music,  and  banners, 
and  illuminations,  and  processions,  and 
triumphal  arches,  and  with  a  large  con- 
course of  cardinals,  archbishops,  and  bi- 
shops,§  twenty-eight  in  number;  and  they 
were  carried  in  a  magnificent  car  of  tri- 
umph to  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Amiens, 


*  Bunsen,  Hippolytus,  i.  p.  227. 

t  Arringhi  Roma  Subterranea,  iii.  c.  23,  p.  43(>,  ed.  Arnhem,  1671. 

t  M.  I'Abb^'  Gerbet,  Vicar-General  of  Amiens,  thus  writes:  '•  Le  Souverain- 
Pontife  a  fait  plus  encore  pour  notre  saintc  Amienoise  :  il  a  voulu  que  son  office  fClt 
insere  dans  notre  liturgie,  qu'on  c416br&t  la  messe  en  son  honneur  dans  toutes  les 
paroisses,  qu'on  lui  consacrUt  une  f^te  annuelle  qui  prtt  place  parmi  nos  solennit^s  les 
plus  saintes.  L^assistance  divine,  qui  dirige  le  Saint-Si^ge  dans  les  prescriptions  du 
calte  si  etroitement  lie  k  la  foi,  vient  sceller  en  quelque  sorte  les  autres  garanties, 
appuyees  sur  les  precautions  les  plus  scrupuleuses  que  la  prudence  humaine  puisse 
inspirer." 

And  the  Bishop  of  Amiens  has  published  the  following  words  :  "  Sainte  Theudosie 
est  pour  nous  la  premiere-n6e  peut-^tre  de  cette  Eglise,  qui  paya  notre  ranpon,  qui 
mtrita  le  don  de  la  foi  apportk  bient6t  apres  elle  h.  nos  aieux  par  saint  Firman.  Nous 
sommes  n^s  de  son  sang  ;  cite  nous  enfanta  par  sa  mart  a  l*immortalite," 

§  See  Univers,  Oct.  21.  •'  On  pent  se  figurer  cette  ville  chang^e  en  un  temple, 
ces  arcs  de  triomphe,  cette  foule  inclinee,  les  bannieres,  les  reliquaires  pr^cieux,  et 
prdcddant  le  char  triomphal  de  la  Martyre,  a  la  suite  duquel  marchaient,  le  bftton 
pastoral  k  la  main,  vingt-huit  Evtques.*' 

Oct.  15.  "Nous  voulons  d'abord  placer  en  t6te  de  ce  compte — rendu  les  noms  des 
princes  de  1' Eglise  dont  la  presence  a  donn^  tant  de  lustre  k  cette  c^r^monie. 

"  LL.    Em.  les  Cardinaux  Wiseman  Arch^v^que  de  Westminster,  Gousset  Arch6. 

v^que  de  Reims,  et  Morlot  Arch^v^que  de  Tours On  remarquait  la  robe  et  le 

manteau  violet  d«B  Chanoines  de  Westminster." 


272 


The  New  Patron  Saint  of  Amiens. 


[March, 


and  sermons*  were  there  preached  to 
immense  congregations,  congratulating  the 
inhabitants  of  that  city  on  the  acquisition 
of  the  body  of  a  saint  and  martyr  bom 
within  their  walls,  and  assuring  them  that 
these  relics  might  be  regarded  by  them  as 
a  pledge  of  the  Divine  favour  and  protec- 
tion to  the  city,  and  exhorting  them  to 
imitate  Theudosia  in  their  lives,  and  to 
invoke  Theudosia  in  their  prayers. 

*<  Such  are  the  results  of  the  discovery. 

'*  Having  been  brought  to  this  conclu- 
sion, let  us  now  pause  a  moment,  and 
review  the  process  of  evidence  by  which 
we  have  been  conducted  thither.  What 
is  the  basis  of  demonstration  on  which 
this  grand  superstructure  rests  ?  Is  any 
thing  known  of  Theudosia  ?  Absolutely 
nothing.  No  record  has  been  cited  to 
show  that  she  was  a  Christian,  none  that 
she  was  a  mart  jr.  The  belief  that  she 
was  so  rests  solely  on  the  nature  of  the 
place  in  which  she  was  found,  and  on  the 
phial  discovered  near  the  remains.  None 
has  been  adduced  that  she  was  a  native  of 
Amiens. 

'*  Her  history  is  confined  to  the  Latin 
inscription  quoted  above.  It  has,  indeed, 
been  argued  by  Roman  antiquaries,  it  has 
been  resolved  by  the  Roman  Congregation 
of  Relics,  and  by  the  Bishop  of  Rome 
himself,  that  this  inscription  is  sufficient 
to  evince  that  Theudosia  was  a  native  of 
Amiens.  And,  relying  on  their  authority, 
the  Vicar-General  of  Amiens,  M.  I'Abb^ 
Gerbet  (now  nominated  to  the  Episcopal 
See  of  Perpignan),  has  written  a  treatise 
in  honour  of  Theudosia,  as  a  patron  saint 
of  Amiens ;   and  the  Bishop  of  Amiens 


has  received  her  as  such  in  the  cathedral 
of  that  city,  and  a  large  number  of  bishops, 
clergy,  and  people  flocked  to  Amiens  to 
welcome  her  on  the  12th  October  last; 
and  her  name  has  been  added  to  the  Ca- 
lendar of  Saints,  and  will  be  venerated 
year  after  year  on  a  solemn  anniversary 
of  the  Church. 

"  All  this  is  true.  And  here  is  a  sad  and 
striking  example  (may  it  prove  a  salutary 
warning!)  of  the  unbounded  confidence 
and  reckless  audacity  with  which  the 
Church  of  Rome  now  speculates  on  the 
credulity  of  Europe,  and  dictates  acts  of 
worship  and  articles  of  faith.  Is  it  not 
also  an  evidence  of  her  infatuation,  and, 
perhaps,  an  omen  of  her  fall  ? 

"  Let  the  candid  reader  examine  the  in- 
scription in  question.  There  he  will  see 
the  words  Nat.  Ambiana.  The  anti- 
quaries of  Rome  translate  them  thus, 
*  Born  at  Ambianum  or  Amiens.'  And 
they  apply  them  to  Theudosia.  And  the 
Bishop  of  Rome  sanctions  this  translation; 
he  authorises  this  application  ;  and  the 
Bishop  of  Amiens,  and  many  of  his  col- 
leagues and  clergy  and  people  act  upon 
it.  It  has  force  to  modify  their  Liturgy, 
and  is  made  the  groundwork    of   their 

?rayers.  But  is  this  a  correct  translation  ? 
n  the  Solemn  work  of  religious  worship 
wise  men  will  proceed  warily.  And  is 
this  translation  so  manifestly  true  that  a 
reasonable  inquirer  can  be  satisfied  with 
it  ?  And,  much  more  (on  the  supposition 
that  the  adoration  of  saints  is  in  any  case 
not  unlawful),  is  this  translation  so  cer- 
tain, is  it  so  incontrovertible,  that  the 
church  and  diocese  of  Amiens,  and  the 


*  The  first  was  preached  by  Cardinal  Wiseman,  and  in  the  published  report  of  his 
Discourse  are  the  following  words  :  "  EUe  porte  done  avec  elle  le  flambeau  de  la  foi 
primitive  pour  eclairer  et  pour  fortifier  la  notre ;  que  cette  lumiere  c<l'lesce  p^n^tre 
dans  les  coeurs  non  moins  que  dans  I'intelligence  des  fideles.  Oui,  Theudosie,  vous 
Tavez  dej&  fait.  Yos  ossements  humilids  pour  J^us  Christ  out  tressailli  aujourd'hui 
diQ yoit fBxultabunt  ossa  humiliata,  et  nous  ont  communique  leurs  transports  d'all^gresse. 
Et  cette  joie,  cette  f^te  auront  des  r^sultats  durables,  elles  jettent  pour  I'avenir  lea 
fondements  d*unc  plus  solide  et  plus  ferme  pi^t^.  Ce  qu* est  Lucie  pour  Syracute, 
Agathe  pour  Catane,  Genevieve  pour  Parity  Agnhs  pour  Hornet  Theudosie  le  sera. 
Vest  dCja  pour  Amiens.  Elle  deviendra  I'objet  d'une  devotion  chaque  jour  plus 
tendre,  h  laquelle  cette  v^ndration  profonde  qu'inspire  la  m^moire  des  saints  pontifes 
et  martyrs  des  premiers  temps  donne  un  caractcre  particulier.  Et  si  jnsqu'a  present, 
inconnue  des  v6tres,  vous  avez  cependant  pri6  pour  eux,  combien  plus  desormais 
invoqu^e  par  eux,  avec  ferveur  et  confiance,  ne  redoublerez-vous  pas  vos  puissantes 
intercessions  aupr^s  du  Dieu  des  martyrs  ?  Commencez  done  d^s  aujourd'hui  a  benir 
votre  ville  et  votre  peuple,  au  milieu  desquels  vous  allez  reposer  jusqu'k  votre 
glorieuse  resurrection.'' 

By  a  remarkable  coincidence,  the  f^te  at  Amiens,  for  the  translation  of  Tbeudoiia, 
in  which  the  Roman  Ecclesiastic  who  has  assumed  the  title  of  Archbishop  of  West- 
minster took  so  prominent  a  part,  occurred  on  the  eve  of  the  anniversary  of  the  trans- 
lation of  King  Edward  the  Confessor,  the  day  on  which  some  who  acknowledge  the 
Cardinal  as  their  Archbishop  presented  themselves  at  Westminster  Abbey  in  order  to 
worship  at  the  shrine  of  Edward  the  Confessor.  The  scene  at  Amiens  is  a  rehearsal  of 
what  would  be  enacted  in  England,  if  their  will  were  complied  with. 

Let  us  be  thankful  for  the  timely  warning. 
6 


18640 


The  New  Patron  Saint  of  Amiens, 


273 


whole  Christian  world  may  safely  accept 
it  as  a  sufficient  warrant  for  acts  of  reli- 
gions feneration  to  Theudosia,  as  a  saint 
born  at  Amiens,  and  as  a  patron  of  that 
city  ? 

"  Assuredly  not.  It  is  by  no  means  clear 
that  the  words  Nat.  Ambiana  refer  to 
Theudosia  at  all.  Indeed  the  laws  of 
grammatical  construction  would  seem  to 
forbid  such  an  application.  Whatever 
may  be  the  powers  of  the  Papacy,  spiritual 
or  temporal,  it  cannot  cancel  the  canons 
of  criticism.  Whatever  it  may  do  for  the 
unity  of  the  Church,  it  cannot  destroy  the 
concords  of  grammar.  It  cannot  convert 
Ambiana  into  a  dative  case  and  make  it 
agree  with  Theudosiae.  It  cannot  force 
Ambiana  to  follow  the  word  *  fecit'  A 
grammarian  of  old  said  to  a  Roman  Em- 
peror, *  Your  Majesty  may  give  the  free- 
dom of  city  to  men,  but  not  to  words."* 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  Pope. 

'*  But  suppose  that  Nat.  Ambiana 
dots  refer  to  Theudosia.  What  follows  ? 
Rome  would  gain  nothing  from  that  con- 
cession. She  can  never  prove  thereby 
that  Theudosia  was  lorn  in  the  city  qf 
Amiens,  She  can  never  justify  herself  in 
propounding  Theudosia  as  a  saint  of 
Amiens,  to  be  venerated  as  such  in  the 
offices  of  religion,  with  the  homage  of  its 
inhabitants. 

'*  It  is,  indeed,  strange  that  any  who 
have  breathed  the  air  of  Italy  and  Rome 
should  ever  have  translated  the  words 
*■  Nat.  Ambiana  '  bom  at  Amiens.  A 
native  of  France,  tempted  by  the  specious 
analogies  of  language,  might,  perhaps,  be 
betrayed  into  the  error  of  rendering  them 
'  nie  Amienoise.'  And  this  the  vene- 
rable Bishop  of  Amiens  has  done:  this 
the  Vicar-General  of  Amiens  has  done.* 


Let  them  be  pardoned  for  it.     But  that  a 

*  Roman  Congregation  of  Relics  *  should 
do  this  ;  that  a  Bishop  of  Rome,  calling 
himself  infallible,  should  do  it — this  would 
surpass  belief,  if  we  did  not  know  by 
experience  into  what  illusions  men  are 
betrayed,  when  they  have  wrought  them- 
selves up  to  the  presumptuous  imagination 
that  they  cannot  err. 

Nihil  est  quod  credere  de  se 
Non  possit,  qaum  laudatur  Dis  »qiia  potestaa. 

"  But  what  would  Pope  Gregory  the  First 
have  said,  if  some  Anglo- Saxon  convert, 
seeing  the  words  Nat.  Romana  in  a 
Latin    inscription,    had    rendered    them 

*  bom  at  Rome  ? ' 

"  The  fact  is,  that  in  this  inscription 
concerning  Theudosia  the  word  Nat.  is 
not  an  abbreviation  for  Nata^  but  for 
Aaiione,  And  marvellous  it  is,  that  the 
'  Congregation  of  Relics,*  and  the  Roman 
Archaeologists,  and  the  Bishop  of  Rome, 
should  have  forgotten  this,  when  they  had 
before  them  several  examples  of  the  same 
abbreviation  in  old  Latin  inscriptions, 
collected  even  in  such  common  books  as 
those  of  Gerrard,  Ursatus,  and  others. 
Nat.  Ambiana  does  not  signify  *  bom  at 
Amiens'  (a  miserable  solecism),  but  it 
signifies  *an  Ambian  by  Nation;'  just  as 
*Nat.  Pan.*  signifies  *a  Pannonian  by 
Nation,'  and  '  Nat.   Dalm.'  signifies  a 

*  Dalmatian  by  Nation  ;*  and  other  similar 
instances  which  may  be  seen  in  the  volumes 
just  mentioned.f 

**  Besides,  t/*  Theudosia  was  a  saint  and  a 
martyr  (as  the  Roman  antiquaries  imagine), 
it  may  easily  be  shown  from  other  con- 
siderations that  Nat.  Ambiana  could  not 
mean  *  born  at  Ambianum  or  Amiens.' 
For  the  age  of  martyrs  had  passed  away 


*  M.  L'Abb^  Gerbet,  in  his  recent  publication  on  Saintb  Theudosie,  translates 
the  Inscription  above  quoted  as  follows : — 

A  Aurilie  Theudosie, 

Tris  benigne  et 

Incomparable  Femme, 

Aurelius  Optaius 

A  Son  Epouse  tres  innocente, 

Dipos6e  la  veilie  des  Kalendes  de  Decembre, 

Nie  Amienoise, 

II  a  fait  (cette  epitaphe  h.  elle)  bien  miritante. 

Thus  making   "Ambiana"   agree   with  "Theudosiae;'*    and    rendering  "Nat. 

Ambiana  "  **  N^e  Amienoise.'* 

The  Abbe  frankly  allows  that  this  Inscription  is  the  only  extant  document  concern- 
ing Theudosia.  "  Nous  n'avons  aucun  monument  historique  qui  renferme  quelques 
details  sur  Sainte  Theudosie.  Les  anciens  Martyrologes  Remains  et  (rallicans  n'ont  pas 
recueilli  son  nora."  He  states  as  the  general  opinion  of  t\i%  present  Antiquarians  of 
Rome  that  she  was  martyred  between  a.d.  253  and  a.d.  275. 

The  Bishop  of  Amiens,  in  the  *<  Avertissement "  he  has  published  on  the  subject 
writes  thus,  "  Nous  ne  nous  arr^terons  k  prouver  que  Sainte  Theudosie  est  une  fille 
d' Amiens.     C'est  son  mari,  Aurelius  Optatus,  qui  nous  Tatteste  '  Nat.  Ambiana,' 
JVee  Amienoise,^* 
t  Ursati  Explan.  Notarum,  Paris,  1723,  p.  162. 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI.  2  N 


274 


Ruined  Cities  in  America, 


[March, 


before  Amiens  received  the  name  of  Am- 
bianum.  In  the  age  of  martyrs  it  was 
called  Samanobria,  Samanobriva,  or  Sama- 
robriva  (the  name  by  which  Cicero  calls 
it),  and  was  not  called  Ambianum  till  late 
in  the  fourth  century,*  probably  not  so 
soon. 

*'  Let  it  then  be  granted  for  argument's 
sake,  that  the  words  Nat.  Ambiana  do  refer 
to  Theudosia,  then  all  that  can  reasonably 
be  inferred  from  them  is  this,  that  she  was 
an  Ambian  by  na/ion.  Now,  the  Ambiani 
inhabited  a  wide  tract  of  country  (as  the 
readers  of  Ceesar  and  Strabo  will  remem- 
ber), and  it  would  be  as  absurd  to  infer 
that  a  man  was  born  at  York,  because  he 
was  born  in  Yorkshire,  as  to  conclude 
that  a  woman  was  bom  at  Ambianum  (or 
Amiens),  because  she  was  an  Ambianian 
by  nation.  Indeed,  there  is  nothing  what- 
ever to  show  that  Theudosia  might  not 
have  been  born  of  Ambian  parents  at 
Rome,  where  she  was  buried,  and  where, 
if  the  Church  of  Rome  had  not  been  blinded 
by  a  spirit  of  delusion,  and  if  she  had  not 
desired  to  blind  others,  the  mortal  remains 
of  Theudosia  would  still  be  resting  in 
peace. 

*'  The  fact  that  such  scenes  as  this  which 
has  now  been  described  should  be  enacted 
in  a  large  mercantile  city  like  Amiens,  in 
the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century,  and 
in  the  presence,  and  with  the  co-operation, 
of  nearly  thirty  of  the  most  distinguished 
members  of  the  Roman  hierarchy,  and  with 
a  vast  concourse  and  applause  of  number- 
less spectators,  and  that  no  voice  should 
have  been  lifted  up  as  yet  to  reveal  its  true 
character,  and  that  some  expressions  of 
desire  have  even  been  uttered  in  England 
that  such  scenes  should  be  imitated  here, 
is  one  which  may  well  suggest  sober,  seri- 
ous, and  solemn  reflections. 

"  The  present  age  boasts  itself  an  age  of 
intellectual  illumination.      It  vaunts  its 


own  shrewdness  and  sagacity.  It  seems 
to  suppose  that  by  means  of  mechanical 
skill,  and  scientific  attainments,  and  com- 
mercial activity,  and  diffusion  of  secular 
knowledge,  it  may  laugh  to  scorn  the 
attempts  of  superstition.  Vain-glorious 
imagination !  Sach  an  assurance  is  re- 
futed by  the  recent  f^te  of  Amiens,  and 
by  other  similar  phsenomena,  which  would 
almost  seem  to  indicate  that,  instead  of 
making  true  progress,  Europe  is  relapsing 
into  the  ignorance  and  barbarism  of  the 
Dark  Ages.  May  it  not  be  feared  that, 
as  a  punishment  lor  our  own  intellectual 
arrogance,  presumption,  and  pride,  Al- 
mighty God  is  blinding  the  eyes  of  those 
who  think  they  see  most  clearly,  that  the 
spiritual  vision  of  Europe  is  becoming 
dimmer  and  darker,  so  that  it  cannot  be- 
hold the  things  which  belong  to  its  peace  ? 

*'  In  the  mean  time,  however,  it  is  cer- 
tain that  sooner  or  later  such  delusions  as 
these  will  be  exposed  to  the  eyes  of  the 
world.  Then  what  a  triumph  will  have 
been  given  by  them  to  scepticism  !  And 
what  a  retribution  will  then  ensue  I  The 
joys  of  the  recent  f^te  at  Amiens,  and  of 
other  festivals  like  them,  will  be  turned  to 
shame  and  sorrow.  The  infidel  will  point 
to  them  and  say,  with  a  sneer  of  savage 
scorn,  You  have  attempted  to  cheat  us. 
You  have  endeavoured — you  teachers  of 
religion — to  palm  a  fraud  upon  us  in  the 
name  of  Christianity  !  Talk  not  to  us  of 
Christianity.  If  preached  by  you,  it  mast 
be  false.  You  have  deluded  us  enough. 
Now  we  are  free.  We  despise  and  defy 
you.    And  r«  rtc/iff  /    Look  to  yourselves. 

"  What  a  powerful  force  of  reaction  may 
thus  recoil  on  religion  I  What  a  sudden 
shock  to  the  faith  of  the  world  from  such 
superstitions  as  these !  .  .  .  .  May  the 
God  of  Truth  and  Peace  avert  their  con- 
sequences !     He  only  can.'* 


RUINED  CITIES  IN  AMERICA. 
{From  the  San  Franciico  Herald.) 


The  great  basin  in  the  middle  of  our 
territory,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Wahsatch  Mountains  and  the  settlements 
of  the  Mormons  in  Utah,  on  the  east  by 
the  Rocky  Mountains  skirting  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  on  the  south  by 


the  Gila,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  is  a  region  still  almost  unknown. 
Trappers  and  mountaineers  have  passed 
all  round  the  inner  side  of  its  rim,  bat 
none  have  ever  crossed  it,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Mr.  Beale,  who  traversed  on  his 


*  Sigebert,  ad  a.d.  382.  Civitatem  quam  Antoninus  Samanobriam  (sive  Samano- 
brivam)  ab  adjacente  flumine  appellavit  Gratianus  mutato  nomine  Ambianis  fedt 
vocari. 

It  appears,  therefore,  that  the  name  of  Amiens,  which  had  been  Samanobria  or 
Samanobriva  till  the  time  of  Gratian,  circ.  a.d.  382,  was  then  changed  to  AmMw»9, 
and  that  Ambianum  is  a  still  later  name. 


1854.] 


Ruined  Cities  in  America, 


275 


recent  trip  its  northern  slope,  and  Captain 
Joe  Walker,  the  famous  mountaineer,  who 
passed  nearly  through  its  centre  in  the 
winter  of  1850.  But  little,  therefore,  is 
known  regarding  it ;  but  that  little  is  ex- 
ceedingly interesting,  and  fills  the  mind 
with  eagerness  to  know  more.  From  Cap- 
tain Walker  we  have  gathered  many  par- 
ticulars regarding  his  celebrated  trip,  and 
the  character  of  this  mysterious  land, 
which  have  never  before  been  brought  to 
light.  There  is  no  lack  of  streams  within 
it ;  the  Rio  Colorado  Chiquito,  or  Little 
Red  River,  runs  entirely  across  it,  about 
100  miles  to  the  north  of  the  Gila,  and 
almost  parallel  to  it,  and  empties  into  the 
Colorado.  About  120  miles  still  further 
north  the  San  Juan  follows  exactly  the 
same  course  as  the  Little  Red  River,  and 
empties  in  Grand  River,  the  most  im- 
portant branch  of  the  Colorado.  Grand 
River  itself  pursues  a  course  a  little  south 
of  west  across  the  northern  part  of  the 
basin ;  while  the  Avonkaree,  a  large  river 
discovered  by  Mr.  Beale,  Green  River, 
and  the  Rio  Virgen,  are  all  large  streams, 
which  drain  the  northern  mountain  rim, 
and  run  in  a  southerly  direction  into  the 
Colorado. 

The  great  basin  between  the  Colorado 
and  the  Rio  Grande  is  an  immense  table- 
land, broken  towards  the  Gila  and  the  Rio 
Grande  by  detached  sierras.  Almost  all 
the  streams  run  through  deep  canons. 
The  country  is  barren  and  desolate,  and 
entirely  uninhabited.  But  though  now  so 
bleak  and  forbidding,  strewn  all  around 
may  be  seen  the  evidence  that  it  was  once 
peopled  by  a  civilised  and  thickly  settled 
population.  They  have  long  since  disap- 
peared, but  their  handiwork  still  remains 
to  attest  their  former  greatness.  Captain 
Walker  assures  us  that  the  country  from 
the  Colorado  to  the  Rio  Grande,  between 
the  Gila  and  San  Juan,  is  full  of  ruined 
habitations  and  cities,  most  of  which  are 
on  the  table -land.  Although  he  had  fre- 
quently met  with  crumbling  masses  of 
masonry  and  numberless  specimens  of 
antique  pottery,  such  as  have  been  noticed 
in  the  immigrant  trail  south  of  the  Gila, 
it  was  not  until  his  last  trip  across  that 
he  ever  saw  a  structure  standing.  On  that 
occasion  he  had  penetrated  about  midway 
from  the  Colorado  into  the  wilderness,  and 
had  encamped  near  the  Little  Red  River, 
with  the  Sierra  Blanca  looming  up  to  the 
south,  when  he  noticed  at  a  little  distance 
an  object  that  induced  him  to  examine 
further.  As  he  approached,  he  found  it 
to  be  a  kind  of  citadel,  around  which  lay 
the  ruins  of  a  city  more  than  a  mile  in 
length.  It  was  located  on  a  gentle  de- 
clivity that  sloped  towards  Red  River,  and 
the  lines  of  the  streets  could  be  distinctly 


traced,  running  regularly  at  right  angles 
with  each  other.  "Hie  houses  had  all  been 
built  of  stones,  but  had  been  reduced  to 
ruins  by  the  action  of  some  great  heat, 
which  had  evidently  passed  over  the  whole 
country.  It  was  not  an  ordinary  confla- 
gration, but  must  have  been  some  fierce 
furnace-like  blast  of  fire,  similar  to  that 
issuing  from  a  volcano,  as  the  stones  were 
burnt  —  some  of  them  almost  cindered, 
others  glazed,  as  if  melted.  This  appear- 
ance was  visible  in  every  ruin  he  met  with. 
A  storm  of  fire  seemed  to  have  swept  over 
the  whole  face  of  the  country,  and  the 
inhabitants  must  have  fallen  before  it.  In 
the  centre  of  this  city  we  refer  to  rose 
abruptly  a  rock  twenty  or  thirty  feet  high, 
upon  the  top  of  which  stood  a  portion  of  the 
walls  of  what  had  once  been  an  immense 
building.  The  outline  of  the  building  was 
still  distinct,  although  only  the  northern 
angle,  with  walls  fifteen  or  eighteen  feet 
long,  and  ten  feet  high,  were  standing. 
These  walls  were  constructed  of  stone,  well 
quarried  and  well  built.  All  the  south  end 
of  the  building  seemed  to  have  been  burnt 
to  cinders,  and  to  have  sunk  to  a  mere 
pile  of  rubbish.  Even  the  rock  on  which 
it  was  built  appeared  to  have  been  partially 
fused  by  the  heat.  Captain  Walker  spent 
some  time  in  examining  the  interesting 
spot.  He  traced  many  of  the  streets  and 
the  outlines  of  the  houses,  but  could  find 
no  other  wall  standing.  As  often  as  he 
had  seen  ruins  of  this  character,  he  had 
never  until  this  occasion  discovered  any  of 
the  implements  of  the  ancient  people. 
Here  he  found  a  number  of  handmills, 
similar  to  those  still  used  by  the  Pueblas 
and  the  Mexicans  for  grinding  their  corn. 
They  were  made  of  light  porous  rock,  and 
consisted  of  two  pieces  about  two  feet 
long  and  ten  inches  wide,  the  one  hollowed 
out,  and  the  other  made  convex  like  a 
roller  to  fit  the  concavity.  They  were  the 
only  articles  that  had  resisted  the  heat. 
No  metals  of  any  kind  were  found.  Strewn 
all  around  might  be  seen  numerous  frag- 
ments of  crockery,  sometimes  beautifully 
carved,  at  others  painted.  This,  however, 
was  not  peculiar  to  this  spot,  as  he  had 
seen  antique  pottery  in  every  part  of  the 
country,  from  San  Juan  to  the  Gila. 

Captain  Walker  continued  his  journey, 
and  noticed  several  more  ruins  a  little  off 
his  route  next  day,  hut  he  could  not  stop 
to  examine  them.  On  this  side  of  the 
Colorado  he  has  never  seen  any  remains, 
except  of  the  present  races.  The  Indians 
have  no  traditions  relative  to  the  ancient 
people  once  thickly  settled  in  this  region. 
They  look  with  wonder  upon  these  re- 
mains, but  know  nothing  of  their  origin. 
Captain  Walker,  who,  we  may  remark,  is 
a  most  intelligent  and  close  observer,  far 


276 


Correspondence  of  Sfflvanua  Urban. 


[March, 


superior  to  the  generality  of  the  old 
trappers,  and  with  a  wonderfully  retentive 
memory,  is  of  opinion  that  this  basin,  now 
so  barren,  was  once  a  charming  country, 
sustaining  millions  of  people,  and  that  its 
present  desolation  has  been  wronght  by 
the  action  of  volcanic  fires.  The  mill  dis- 
covered proves  that  the  ancient  race  once 
farmed ;  the  country,  as  it  now  appears, 
never  could  be  tilled,  hence  it  is  inferred 
it  must  have  been  different  in  early  days. 
They  must  have  had  sheep,  too,  for  the 
representation  of  that  useful  animal  was 
found  carved  upon  a  piece  of  pottery. 

Lieutenant  Beale  states  that  on  his  first 
trip  across  the  continent  he  discovered  in 
the  midst  of  the  wilderness  north  of  the 
Gila  what  appeared  to  be  a  strong  fort, 
the  walls  of  great  thickness,  built  of  stone. 
He  traversed  it,  and  found  it  contained 
forty-two  rooms.  In  the  vicinity  numerous 
balls  of  hard  clay,  from  the  size  of  a 
bullet  to  that  of  a  grape  shot,  were  met 
with.  What  was  singular  about  them  was 
the  fact  that  frequently  ten  or  twenty  were 
stuck  together  like  a  number  of  bullets 
run  out  of  half-a-dozen  connecting  moulds, 
or  like  a  whole  baking  of  rolls.  It  is 
difficult  to  say  what  these  were  intended 


for.  They  were  so  hard,  however,  that 
the  smaller  ones  could  be  discharged  from 
a  gun.  And  now  it  remains  for  the  anti- 
quary to  explore  this  most  interesting 
region  in  the  very  heart  of  our  country, 
and  to  say  who  were  the  people  that  in- 
habited it.  They  may  have  been  the  an- 
cestors of  the  Aztecs  whom  Cortes  found 
in  Mexico,  for  they  were  known  to  have 
come  from  the  north.  Tradition  relates 
that  they  sailed  out  from  their  northern 
homes  directed  by  their  prophets  not  to 
cease  their  march  till  they  came  across  an 
eagle  sitting  upon  a  cactus  with  a  serpent 
in  its  claws.  This  they  found  where  the 
city  of  Mexico  now  stands,  and  there  they 
established  their  dominion.  The  legend  is 
still  preserved  in  the  device  upon  the 
Mexican  dollar.  Some  remnants  of  the 
Aitecs  still  remained  within  a  few  years 
past  at  the  ruined  city  of  Grand  Qui  vera, 
or  Pecos,  in  the  wilderness  of  New  Mexico. 
Here,  in  deep  caverns,  they  kept  alive, 
with  reverential  care,  the  sacred  fire, 
which  was  always  to  bum  until  the  return 
of  Montezuma.  It  only  went  out  about 
ten  years  ago,  when  the  last  Indian  of  the 
tribe  expired. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN, 

"  Merrie  England  "—Ancient  Monastic  Seal  discovered  at  Yougbal— Emendation  of  a  Passage  in 

Sbakspere's  Coriolanus. 

''Mbrrib  England.'' 


Mr.  Urban, — There  is  no  epithet  ap- 
propriated by  more  established  consent  to 
its  subject,  than  that  used  in  the  expres- 
sion "  Merry  England.'*''  Perhaps  some 
of  your  correspondents  can  inform  me,  at 
what  time  and  in  what  manner  this  appro- 
priation arose.  I  do  not  remember  the 
phrase  in  any  of  our  elder  writers.  It  may 
be  observed,  that  the  word  merry  is  used 
in  all  our  old  authors  with  the  sense  of 
pleasant  f  as  well  as  that  of  joy/ul. 

That  made  tlicm  in  a  citee  for  to  tarie, 
Tliat  stood  tal  mery  upon  an  haven  side. 

(Chancer,  Nonnes  Preestes  Tale.) 

The  expression  "merry  weather,"  with 
the  surname  derived  from  it,  is  another 
instance  of  this. 

There  elce  mjr  feeble  bark  awhile  may  stay, 
Till  mery  wind  and  weather  call  her  thence  away. 
(Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  lib.  i.  canto  12.) 

But  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  in 


the  phrase  "  Merry  England,"  the  epithet 
was  intended  to  describe,  not  the  agreeable- 
ness  of  the  country,  but  the  wealth  and 
prosperity  of  its  inhabitants,  as  exhibited 
especially  in  their  fondness  for  social  en- 
joyments. Various  writers  during  the 
middle  ages  bear  testimony  to  the  pros- 
perity enjoyed  by  the  mass  of  the  people 
of  England,  as  compared  with  the  condi- 
tion of  the  same  classes  abroad.  Of  the 
convivial  habits  of  our  ancestors  of  the 
reign  of  Henry  VII.  the  following  curious 
notice  occurs  in  the  Italian  description  of 
England  prepared  by  the  Venetian  em- 
bassy of  1 496,  and  published  by  the  Camden 
Society.  "  The  English  take  great  plea- 
sure in  having  a  quantity  of  excellent 
victuals,  and  also  in  remaining  a  long  time 
at  table,  but  are  sparing  of  wine,  when 
they  drink  it  at  their  own  expense.  Few 
people  keep  wine  in  their  own  houses,  but 
they  buy  it,  for  the  most  part,  at  a  tavern ; 
and  when  theymeiin  to  drink  wine  in  abond^ 


1854.} 


CorreipondenM  ofSylvanva  Urban. 


anw  thej  go  to  tbe  tavern,  and  thii  is 
done  Dot  aaXj  hj  tbs  men  but  bj  women 
of  good  repute.  The  iefiataaj  of  wine 
howEVer  IB  amply  lupplied  by  the  abund- 
ance of  ale  and  beer,  to  the  uie  of  whicb 
thete people  are  become  bo  habitaated.that, 
at  an  entertaiament  where  there  a  plenty 
of  wine,  tbef  will  drink  tbem  Id  preference 
to  it,  and  in  great  quanCitiei.  Like  dis- 
creet people,  however,  they  da  not  offer 
tbem  to  Italians  anleas  they  ask  for  tbem. 
They  think  no  greater  honour  can  be  con- 
ferred or  receired  than  to  invite  otherg  to 
eat  with  them,  or  to  be  invited  Ibem- 
aelves ,'  and  tbey  will  ipend  five  or  liz 
dorats  to  entertain  i  aingle  perioo,  while 
to  help  him  In  diatretB  they  noald  not 
gire  him  a  groat."* 

The  propensity  of  onr  countrymen  for 
plentiful  living,  and  their  repatation  for 
eieeeding  rather  on  the  side  of  "  good 
eating"  than  of  "good  drinking,"  is  cele- 
brated by  Scaliger  in  one  of  bis  epigrams. 
Tmnint  canHvB.Gennaniu,  Flinder,  et  Anglusi 
Die  qili  edit  meliui,  quia  mellusva  blbat  ? 
Hon  Hunadis,  Genoins,  \ii\Aa :  tu  nanblbis,  Angle, 
Sfld  comedia ;  ccmedlg,  Flondre,  tiibEsqne  tIfiQe. 
Which  may  be  rendered  in  Engliah  thos  i 


Vonr  Engliiliman  will  eal  Iha  m«l : 
With  Eparkltug  wine  All  high  the  flaflon, 

Tbo  nemiBg,  to  Ihem  both  sworn  brother, 
Will  drink  wltb  one  and  eat  Hlih  I'olhBr. 
The   epithet   of  merry    is    applied,    in  a 
marked  way,  by  Spenser  to  London,   that 
land  of  Cockaigne,  always  famous  for  its 
feasting  and  pages atry. 


At  tengtb  tbef  all  te  man?  Lonilan  cams. 
To  merrr  London,  aj  moat  klndl;  Hune, 
That  to  me  g*>e  thli  L1(H  Orat  native  HDraS! 
llioiigh  from  another  place  1  take  m;  name, 

(Spemer,  Prolluilamlfni.) 
The  fallowing  lines,  which  appear  to  be 
an  amplification  of  tbe  eipression  "  Merry 
England,"  are  quoted  by  Sir  Edward  Coke 
in  his  Institutes,  "  from  an  antient  Poet." 
Anglla,  terra  feni,  et  fBrtllU  angulni  orMa, 

Et  cujna  total  huUget  orbla  ope. 
AtlgUi,  plena  jociM^  gear  Hbfra  /i  tip^ajocari, 
Libera  gena,  cui  libera  mena  el  libera  lingua, 

The  marginal  reference  is  to  Bariholtmcait. 
The  linea  are  to  be  found  in  the  work  of 
BarthotemteuB  de  GlanvilU,  an  English 
Franciscan  of  the  fourteenth  century,  ■ 
tranilation  of  whose  principal  book,  en- 
titled De  pri)pritltxtibiiir»niBi,-wta  printed 
as  Engliah  by  Wynken  de  'Worde,  and  aab> 
sequently,  in  15BS,  re-edited  by  a  Dr. 
Batman,  under  the  title  of  "  Batman  upon 
Bartholome  bis  booke  do  proprietatlbiu 
remm,"  in  which  form  it  probably  occu- 
pied I  ahelf,  irlth  other  volnmea  of  an 
eqoaJly  lively  character, — the  light  lltera. 
tnre  of  tbe  day,— in  tlie  great  lawyer'! 
study.  "  Hie  verses  shew,"  «aya  the  old 
traailfttor,  "  that  England  it  a  strong  land 
and  a  sturdie,  the  plenteonst  comer  of  the 
world,  so  rich  aland  that  unneth  it  needelh 
belpe  of  any  land,  and  every  other  land 
needeth  heipe  of  England.  England  is 
fall  of  mirth  and  of  game,  and  men  oft 
times  able  to  mirth  and  game,  free  men  of 
heart  and  tongue,  hut  deir  hand  ia  mora 
better  and  more  free  than  their  tongue." 

The  above  lines  are  not  by  Baithole- 
maua,  but  are  cited  by  bim  from  some 
older  author.     Yonrs,  &e.      F.  H,  N. 


Ancient  Honi 


:bkd  at  Yovohal. 


Mb.  Urhan.— The  accompanying  Mo<  The  mslrix  ia  of  bronze,  and  Is  in  good 

na<itic  Seal  was  found  at  Yuughal,  CO.  Cork,  preservation.   The  device  is  a  human  Heart, 

on  the  3lBt  December,  IS53,  by  a  labourer  pierced  From  above,  through  the  midat,  by 

who  was  working  in  the  itarden  of  Richard  a  perpendicular  aword-blade,  and  reating 

Henry  Rogers,  Esq.  at  Devonshire  Place,  on  s  mass  of  coagnlated  blood,  ths  whole 

*  Julian  Kelalioii  of  Englandj  p,  21. 


278 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanut  Urban. 


[March, 


being  incloied  within  an  ecclesiastical 
frame-work  or  border.  Around  is  the 
inscription  :— 

+  S>  +  fr'w .  loj*  +  +  tjgngjul  + 

THE  SEAL  OF  BROTHER  JOHN  THYNGHUL. 

Who  this  individual  was,  it  may  be  difficult 
now  to  discover  ;  but  the  name,  or  a  very 
similar  one,  is  not  wholly  unknown  in 
Irish  monastic  history.  About  the  year 
1159,  TuNDAL,  or  TuNGAL,  a  native  of 
Cork,  though  some  say  of  Cashel,  fell  into 
an  ecstasy  for  three  days,  and  on  his  re- 
covery dictated  to  his  friends  around  him 
an  account  of  his  visions  (Sanctiolog.  MS. 
in  Bibl.  Cott.  referred  to  in  Smith's  Cork, 
vol.  ii.  p.  420  and  note).  The  owner  of 
the  seal  before  us  lived  two  centuries  after- 
wards, and  of  course  cannot  be  identified 
with  him. 

The  garden  in  which  this  seal  was  dis- 
covered forms  part  of  the  site  of  the  dis- 
solved Franciscan  friary,  commonly  called 
the  South  Abbey,  of  Youghal.  This  house 
was  the  first  of  its  kind  in  Ireland,  and, 
according  to  the  Four  Masters,  was  founded 
in  the  year  1224  by  Maurice  FitzGerald, 
second  Baron  Ophaley.  It  is  said  that  he 
originally  designed  the  building  fgr  a  castle, 
but  changed  it  into  a  religious  foundation 
from  the  following  circumstance :  the 
workmen  who  were  digging  for  the  castle- 
iite,  on  the  eve  of  a  festival,  begged  of 
their  employer  a  piece  of  money  to  drink 
bis  health,  and  he  directed  his  eldest  son 
to  give  it.  But  the  young  man,  so  far 
from  obeying  his  father's  command,  sternly 
reproved  the  poor  labourers ;  and  his  father 
became  so  concerned  for  this  opening  pres- 
tige, that  he  altered  his  design,  and  re- 
solved to  erect  a  house  for  Grey  Friars. 
At  the  Dissolution,  this  Franciscan  friary 
was  granted  to  George  Isham,  by  letters 
patent  bearing  date  16  June,  1597,  which 
grant  was  soon  after  purchased  of  him  by 
Richard  Boyle,  the  first  Earl  of  Cork. 

The  seal,  having  been  discovered  on  the 
site  of  a  house  of  Franciscans,  might  natu- 
rally be  assigned  to  a  member  of  that 
order ;  and  we  would,  at  the  first  impulse, 
conjecture  that  it  was  lost  by  its  owner  as 
he  walked  or  worked  in  the  gardens  of  his 
monastery.  The  Sacred  Heart,  however, 
was  the  emblem  of  the  Augustinians  (see 
"  Die  Attribute  der  Heiligen.''  Hanover, 
1843),  who  for  the  most  part  bore  it 
**  flaming,''  but  sometimes  pierced  with 


a  single  arrow,  and  sometimes  with  two 
arrows  saltier  -  wise.*  The  wedge -like 
sword,  as  here,  is  another  variation,  mark- 
ing, perhaps,  some  distinction  of  ruley 
though  not  of  order. 

And  now  the  inquiry  is,  What  do  we 
know  of  the  Augustinians  of  Youghal  ? 
Archdall  does  not  mention  any  establish- 
ment of  theirs  at  this  place,  yet  there  is 
every  reason  for  believing  that  such  existed. 
Friar  Lubin,  in  his  valuable  history  of  the 
body,  the  Orbis  Auguatinianua,  gives  us  a 
map  of  Ireland,t  specifying  the  localities 
where  houses  of  the  order  existed.  In 
Munster  we  have  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Black  water  "  VoalenaU/*  i.e.  The  Friary 
at  Youghal,  marked  along  with  the  adjoin- 
ing monasteries  of  Ardmore,  Lismore,  and 
Dungarvan,  but  the  historian  gives  us  no 
particulars.  The  existence  of  the  esta- 
blishment at  Youghal,  it  is  true,  is  contro- 
verted by  the  able  anonymous  compiler  of 
an  Irish  Monasticon,  printed  in  London 
by  William  Mears,  in  1722,  who,  speaking 
of  houses  erroneously  assigned  to  Augus- 
tinians (p.  333),  writes  t  <*  Youghill  mo- 
nastery is  likewise  only  of  the  aforesaid 
Friar  Lubin's  discovering,  without  men- 
tioning the  founder,  or  the  time  of  its 
foundation ;  and  I  am  well  assured  that 
there  were  never  any  convents  of  religious 
men  at  Yougil,  besides  those  of  the  Domi- 
nicans and  Franciscans."  But  the  writer 
previously  (p.  311)  had  admitted  a  self- 
evident  truth,  which  must  weigh  with  us 
in  receiving  his  authority,  especially  when 
so  dogmatically  given  :  **  It  is  possible," 
he  says,  *'  that  Friar  Lubin  might  have 
had  some  informations  which  are  unknown 
to  me."  Let  us  now  see  how  far  Lubin*i 
record  is  borne  out  by  fact. 

The  religious  edifices  of  Youghal  have 
occupied  your  correspondent's  attention 
for  the  last  four  years,  and  have  been 
repeatedly  subjected  to  minute  investiga- 
tion, with  the  object  of  compiling  a  Afo- 
nasticon  Eoehollerue.  In  the  course  of 
these  researches,  the  name  of  an  old  un- 
frequented road  attracted  attention,  and 
ultimately  led  to  the  discovery  of  what  he 
believes  to  be  the  ruins  of  the  house  alluded 
to  by  the  Augustinian  writer  Friar  Lubin. 
The  road  is  near  the  town  of  Youghal,  at 
the  south  side,  and  is  called  Kilcoran,  t.  e. 
cm  Kuarain,  The  Church  of  Koran,  Cur- 
vinus  or  The  Bowed.  This  saint  was  called 
"  the  wise"  son  of  Netseman,and  his  fes- 


*  Of  the  last  disposition,  a  fine  specimen  is  in  the  collection  of  my  gifted  friend, 
Thomas  Crofton  Croker.  It  is  the  silver  seal  of  the  Augustinians  of  Ballinrobe,  co. 
Mayo.  Here  the  two  arrows  are  arranged  cross-wise,  and  the  inscription  reads  :— 
"The  Seal  of  the  Convent  of  the  Augustinian  Eremites  of  Balenrob." 

t  This  map  is  very  curious.  It  is  lettered,  *•  Provincia  Hiberniae  Ordinis  Eremi- 
tarum  Sancti  Augustini,  F.  August.  Lubin  Ordinis  Chorograph.  delin.  et  sculp.  Cam 
Priuilegio  Regis  Chr.     Paris,  1659." 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


279 


tival  is  set  down  in  the  Irish  calendars  at 
the  9th  of  February.  He  was  of  Deisi  in 
MaDster,  a  district  in  the  county  of  Water- 
ford,  immediately  opposite  the  harbour  of 
Yougbal.  In  the  Festilogium  of  jflngus, 
the  Culdee,  he  is  called  "  Mochuaroc," 
*'  Mens  parvulus  Curvinus,**  He  was 
probably  a  Tortillard  or  Humpetto. 

The  Kilcoran  road,  when  followed  for 
about  one  mile,  leads  past  a  little  field 
called  The  Shanavine,  a  curious  name,  which 
next  attracted  notice.  The  appellation  is, 
of  course,  Irish,  and  may  be  rendered 
Sean-minf  or  Sean-maigin,  t.  e.  The  Old 
Little  Plain,  or  The  Old  Asylum  or  Sanc- 
tuary. In  the  old  Irish  laws,  the  word 
Maigin  or  Moyne  signified  a  plain  or  lawn 
attached  to  a  chieftain's  house,  which  was 
considered  a  place  of  sanctuary.  An  exa- 
mination of  this  field  brought  to  light  a 
holy  well,  stopped  up  with  stones,  and 
overshadowed  by  a  gigantic  gnarled  old 
thorn-tree ;  and  near  it  several  moss-grown 
and -weather-worn  pieces  of  worked  free- 
stone, evidently  fragments  of  a  religious 
building.  Five  of  these  stones  were  mould- 
ed, three  with  Norman  beads.  Two  were 
parts  of  door-jambs,  the  rest  were  pieces 
of  windows,  a  jamb,  a  mullion,  aud  part 
of  a  circular  arch.  Around  spread  a 
burial-ground,  often  used  in  the  recollec- 


tion of  the  peasants  as  a  place  of  sepulture 
for  unbaptized  infants,  like  the  calluragha 
or  keeU  of  Ireland,  which  are  deemed  un- 
consecrated  ground.  The  patriarch  of  the 
locality,  a  farmer  named  Magner,  now  in 
his  84th  year,  declared  that  he  always 
heard  that  an  Augustinian  monastery  ex- 
isted here,  and  named  that  order  of  Ere- 
mites, without  any  leading  question  being 
put  to  him.  The  site  is  very  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Black  water. 

But  how  came  a  seal  of  the  Augustinians 
into  the  garden  or  grounds  of  the  Fran- 
ciscan friary  ?  It  is  well  known  that  those 
early  Irish  establishments  which  followed 
the  rule  of  Columba,  Colombanus,  Ailbe, 
or  Declan,  were  compelled,  after  the 
Anglo-Norman  conquest,  to  incorporate 
themselves  with  houses  more  immediately 
under  the  control  of  the  papacy;  and  the 
Kilcoran,  or  Shanavine,  monastery  may 
have  been  subjected  to  this  change.  Per- 
haps the  brethren  were  "  drafted,**  aS  we 
might  say,  into  the  Franciscan  house;  and 
then  brother  John  Thynghul  brought 
his  seal  with  him,  and  lost  it  or  threw  it 
moodily  away  in  the  nook  where  it  was 
recently  found.  The  seal  may  be  assigned 
to  the  early  part  of  the  14th  century. 

Yours,  &c.   Samuel  Hatman,  Clk. 

South  Abbey,  Voughal,  Jan,  26M,  1854. 


Emendation  of  a  Passage  in  Shakspere's  Coriolanus. 


Mr.  Urban, — So  much  knowledge  and 
ingenuity  has  been  expended  on  the  dis- 
puted passages  of  Shakspere  that  it  re- 
quires some  daring  to  bring  forward  any 
conjecture  that  may  flash  across  one's 
mind,  as  one  can  hardly  feel  sure  that  it 
has  not  been  anticipated  and  rejected  as 
unworthy  of  notice.  Even  with  this  fear 
before  my  eyes,  I  venture  to  lay  before 
you  an  emendation  that  has  occurred  to 
me  of  a  much-vexed  passage  in  Coriolanus. 

Aufidius  (Act  V.  Scene  5),  speaking  of 
Conolanus,  says, 

I  took  hiui : 
Made  him  joint  servant  with  me  :  gave  liim  way 
In  all  his  own  desires  :  nay,  let  him  choose 
Out  of  my  files,  his  projects  to  accomplish, 
My  best  and  freshest  men  :  serv'd  his  designraeuts 
In  my  own  person  :  ?iolp  to  reap  the  fame 
Whkh  he  did  end  all  his. 

These  two  last  lines  have  given  much 
trouble  to  the  commentators.  One  of 
them  substitutes  ear  (plough)  for  end; 
another  (writing,  if  I  mistake  not,  in  a 
late  number  of  Blackwood's  Magazine) 
adopts  the  reading  ear,  but  transposes  it 
with  reap  ;  so  that  the  lines  run  thus  : 


holp  to  ear  tlie  fiune 
Which  he  did  reap  all  his. 

Now,  in  Airs  Well  that  Ends  Well 
(Act  I.  Scene  3),  the  Clown,  speaking  of 
the  friends  who  he  expects  will  save  him 
the  trouble  of  begetting  his  own  children, 
uses  the  same  metaphor.  '*  He  that  eati 
my  land,  spares  my  team,  and  gives  me 
leave  to  inn  the  crop.*'  - 

May  we  not  from  this  speech  of  the 
Clown  borrow  the  word  inn  and  substitute 
it  for  end  in  the  speech  of  Aufidius,  which 
will  then  ran  thus  ? 

holp  to  reap  the  fiune 
Which  he  did  inn  all  his. 

Possibly, — though  this  I  advance  with 
great  hesitation,  as  the  next  ensuing  word 
begins  with  a  vowel, — we  might  for  the 
sake  of  euphony  write  ind,  which  is  a 
yet  nearer  approach  to  the  original  read- 
ing. I  do  not,  however,  lay  much  stress 
on  the  orthography ;  the  meaning  of  the 
word,  which  Johnson  gives  as  "  house, 
put  under  cover,"  will  render  the  expres- 
sion of  Aufidius  perfectly  intelligible. 

Yours,  ace.  F.  J.  V. 


280 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Destination  of  the  Fauasett  Ck>lIection  of  Anglo-Saxon  Antiquities— The  New  England  Historic  Genealo- 
gical Society— The  Caerleon  Archsological  Association— The  Palesttoe  Archaeological  Society- The 
Public  liecords  of  Scotland-  Proposed  School  of  Navigation— Conference  for  a  Universal  Alphabet 
—Anniversaries  of  the  Institute  of  Civil  Engineers  and  the  Chronological  Institute— Dr.  Layard— 
Sir  David  Brewster— Marochetti's  Statue  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion— Statue  of  Sir  Francis  Drake  at 
Offenbnrg— Statue  of  Jeffierson— Shrine  of  St.  Radegonde  of  Poitiers— Pictures  in  the  Council  House 
at  Bristol— Sale  of  Lord  Macartney's  Manuscripts— Sir  William  Betham's  MSS.— Messrs.  Maw's 
Encaustic  Tiles— Foreign  Literary  Intelligence. 


The  varioas  memorials  which  hare  been 
made  to  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum to  induce  them  to  purchase  for  the 
nation  the  unriTalled  Fausseit  Collection 
qf  Anglo-Saxon  Anliquities,  have  had  no 
weight  with  that  impassive  body.  Though 
addressed  in  the  most  urgent  terms  by  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  the  Archaeological 
Institute,  and  by  their  own  officers  of  the 
Department  of  Antiquities,  they  have  de- 
murred to  the  expenditure  of  a  sum  which 
would  be  deemed  insignificant  in  the  pur- 
chase of  a  single  picture  or  statue  of  any 
importance,  and  that  in  the  case  of  the 
very  department  of  our  National  Antiqui- 
ties which  has  recently  been  opened  with 
much  congratulation,  but  with  empty 
shelves,  and  which  required  some  sUch 
nucleus  to  set  it  forward  on  a  respectable 
footing.  The  part  in  which  the  constituted 
guardians  of  our  national  collections  have 
so  signally  failed  has  been  supplied  by  the 
patriotism  of  Mr.  Joseph  Mayer  of  Liver- 
pool, whose  museum  is  at  all  times  libe- 
rally opened  to  the  public.  We  understand 
that  the  sum  he  has  generously  expended 
on  this  object  is  800/.,  and  we  are  happy  to 
hear  that  he  has  placed  the  disposal  of  the 
collection,  and  of  the  valuable  MS.  books 
in  which  the  whole  is  carefully  and  ex- 
actly described,  in  the  experienced  hands 
of  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith. 

It  is  very  pleasing  to  observe  the  great 
and  general  interest  which  our  American 
cousins  now  take  in  tracing  their  English 
ancestry.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  New 
England  Hitioric  Genealogical  Society 
was  held  at  Boston  on  the  4th  of  January. 
Wm.  Whiting,  esq.  the  President,  con- 
gratulated the  members  on  their  increase 
of  number,  and  referred  to  the  very  valuable 
additions  to  the  library  during  the  past 
year.  *' Every  one  who  could  trace  his 
descent  to  the  early  New  Englanders 
should  (he  said)  feel  an  honest  pride  at 
having  sprung  from  any  of  those  who  came 
to  either  of  the  colonies  in  the  early  vessels. 
Tbe  study  of  the  genealogy  of  families 
tended  to  perpetuate  a  reverence  for  the 
characters  of  our  ancestors,  and  to  awaken 
the  endeavour  to  imitate  their  inflexible 
virtues."  The  Society  has  published  seven 
7 


volumes  of  the  **  New  England  Historical 
and  Genealogical  Register,"  containing  a 
large  amount  of  valuable  historical  matter. 
This  work  is  under  the  editorial  charge  of 
Samuel  G.  Drake,  esq.  author  of  the  His- 
tory of  Boston.  Several  Committees  were 
chosen :  one  for  the  purpose  of  procuring 
funds  to  purchase  English  local  histories, 
for  which  there  is  a  daily  increasing  in- 
quiry. Another  was  appointed  to  under- 
take the  compilation  of  an  extensive  Ge- 
nealogical Dictionary  of  New  England  for 
the  seventeenth  century. 

Mr.  J.  £.  Lee,  the  founder  and  main 
supporter  of  the  Caerleon  Antiquarian 
Atsociationt  is  making  an  effort  to  liqui- 
date the  debt  remaining  upon  the  erection 
of  the  convenient  and  appropriate  Museum 
in  that  town.  It  amounts  only  to  fifty 
pounds,  and  we  should  be  glad  if  by  direct- 
ing attention  to  his  proposals  we  can  at 
all  further  the  object  he  has  in  view.  He 
requests  on  the  one  hand  the  contribution 
of  objects  of  art,  books,  pictures,  prints, 
&c.  and  on  the  other  proposes  that  the 
same  shall  be  dispersed  again  by  100  tickets 
to  be  issued  at  ten  shillings  each.  As 
upwards  of  sixty  tickets  are  already  taken, 
we  trust  that  a  little  more  of  that  per- 
severance for  which  Mr.  Lee  is  so  well 
known,  will  accomplish  his  wishes.  When 
that  is  done,  he  promises  that  the  Society 
shall  be  gratified  by  the  publication  of  the 
proceedings  of  their  meeting  in  August 
last  at  Caldicot  Castle,  accompanied  by 
several  etchings,  illustrative  of  its  archi- 
tecture. 

A  Society  has  been  formed  under  the 
secretaryship  of  Mr.  W.  F.  Ainsworth, 
Dr.  Benisch,  and  Dr.  Tumbull,  with  the 
title  of  The  Palestine  Archteological  ^#- 
sociationf  having  for  its  object  the  explo- 
ring of  the  ancient  and  modem  cities  and 
towns,  or  other  places  of  historical  import- 
ance, in  Palestine  and  the  adjacent  coun- 
tries, with  a  view  to  the  discovery  of 
monuments  and  objects  of  antiquity,  by 
means  of  researches  on  the  spot  The 
prospectus  runs  as  follows : — *'  Arch«oIo- 
logical  Research  in  the  East  having  now 
attained  such  important  results,  in  the  dis- 
covery and  acquisition  of  splendid  menu* 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


281 


ments,  both  Egyptian  and  Assyrian ;  and 
a  great  arcbeeological  chain  of  inquiry 
having  been  thus  established,  from  Egyp- 
tian Thebes  to  the  site  of  Nineveh,  it  has 
been  suggested  that  Palestine  presents  it- 
self the  middle  link  in  this  chain,  as  being 
full  of  rich  promise  to  researches  and 
inquiries  of  a  similar  character.  If  Egypt 
and  Assyria/^  says  the  prospectus  of  the 
Society,  **  have  afforded  so  many  valuable 
monuments  to  the  truth  of  history  and 
tradition,  it  may  reasonably  be  expected 
that  Palestine  would  yield  as  rich  a  harvest. 
Why  should  not  the  sites  of  the  ancient 
cities  and  towns  of  the  Hebrews,  and  of 
the  aboriginal  inhabitants  of  Canaan,  be 
explored  ?  And  why  might  not  the  lo- 
calities of  important  monuments  —  espe- 
cially of  the  Hebrews — be  sought  for, 
under  the  guidance  of  scriptural  authority 
and  of  tradition; — as,  for  instance,  the 
Egyptian  CO flSns  of  the  Patriarchs  at  Hebron 
and  Sichem — the  twelve  stones  set  up  by 
Joshua  at  Gilgal  and  in  the  Jordan — the 
monumental  record  of  the  Law  in  the 
Stone  of  Sichem — the  Sacred  Ark,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  concealed  by  the  pro- 
phet Jeremiah  in  some  recess — with  many 
others,  which  will  suggest  themselves  to 
the  biblical  reader  ?  The  discovery,  if 
not  also  the  recovery,  of  these  precious 
relics  of  Hebrew  antiquity,  might  be  ac- 
companied or  followed  by  the  acquisition 
of  various  objects  of  historical  importance, 
—as  coins,  vessels,  implements,  sculpture, 
inscriptions,  manuscripts,  and  other  docu- 
ments, all  illustrative  of  the  most  interest- 
ing periods  of  remotest  antiquity;  and 
that  in  the  Holy  Land,  the  laud  of  the 
Bible,  such  a  treasure  of  archseological 
knowledge  would  possess  a  high  degree  of 
importance,  as  corroborative  of  the  sacred 
writings,  and  would  doubtless  be  so  es- 
teemed, as  well  by  the  learned  as  by  the 
religious  world.*' — The  idea  of  the  Pales- 
tine Archaeological  Association  seems  to 
have  arisen  in  the  body  of  the  Syro- 
Egyptian  Society, — with  which  Society  it 
would  appear  to  have  the  most  friendly 
relations. 

Five  or  six  years  ago,  the  more  ancient 
Records  in  her  Majesty's  General  Register 
House  Jor  Scotland,  at  Edinburgh,  were 
made  accessible,  free  of  any  charge,  for 
purposes  of  historical,  antiquarian,  and 
literary  research.  The  privilege  has  been 
highly  appreciated — the  liberal  example 
thus  set  in  Scotland  having  since  been  fol- 
lowed in  England ;  and,  in  order  to  make 
it  more  generally  available,  an  officer  has 
now,  we  hear,  been  appointed  to  the  spe- 
cial charge  of  this  department  of  the  public 
service.  The  gentleman  nominated  to  the 
office,  Mr.  Joseph  Robertson,  has  entered 
on  his  duties ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  that 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


he  will  afford  to  men  of  letters,  and  to  all 
others  who  may  be  engaged  in  archseolo- 
gical inquiries  of  a  literary  character,  every 
facility  for  consulting  the  national  records 
of  Scotland  which  is  consistent  with  their 
safe  custody  and  proper  preservation. 

John  Disney,  esq.  F.S. A.  who  has  lately 
so  munificently  founded  a  professorship 
and  museum  of  archaeology  at  Cambridge, 
has  signified  his  intention  of  founding,  in 
connexion  with  the  Cosmos  Institute,  a 
School  of  Navigaiion,  There  is  at  present 
only  one  public  school  of  this  kind  for  the 
first  port  in  the  world. 

A  Conference  has  been  held  at  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Chevalier  Bunsen,  on  the 
subject  of  a  Unwertal  Alphabet.  Among 
those  present  were  Sir  John  Herschel,  Sir 
Charles  Trevelyan,  Professor  Owen,  Dr. 
Max  Mtiller,  Dr.  Pertz  of  Berlin,  and  other 
distinguished  men  of  science  and  literature, 
with  Uie  Revs.  Henry  Venn,  Trestrail,  and 
other  representatives  of  missionary  socie- 
ties. The  Chevalier  Bunsen  stated  the 
object  of  the  Conference,  which  was  to 
consult  as  to  the  practicability  of  adopting 
a  uniform  system  of  expressing  foreign 
alphabets  by  Roman  characters.  The  ad- 
vantages of  such  a  system,  both  scientific 
and  practical,  were  urged,  the  former  in 
connection  with  the  study  of  ethnology  and 
philology,  and  the  latter  chiefly  in  connec- 
tion with  the  great  Protestant  missionary 
enterprises  of  the  present  time.  Professor 
Lepsius  and  Dr.  Max  Mtiller  have  devoted 
much  time  to  the  subject,  founding  their 
phonology  on  the  physiological  principles 
ably  expounded  by  Dr.  Johannes  MQUer, 
and  published  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Berlin. 
To  the  soundness  of  Dr.  J.  MCiller*8 
researches  Professor  Owen  bore  testi- 
mony, and  expressed  his  agreement  with 
the  results.  Any  differences  in  the  organs 
of  speech  in  various  races  of  men  were 
too  trivial  to  present  any  difficulty  for 
practical  arrangement  of  alphabets.  Sir 
John  Herschel,  in  the  course  of  his  ob- 
servations, said  that  too  much  exactness 
must  not  be  attempted  in  defining  the 
phonetic  symbols,  for  the  vowel  sounds 
were  practically  infinite,  from  the  flexibility 
of  the  organs  of  voice.  In  English  he 
thought  we  had  at  least  thirteen  vowels. 
Mr.  Norris  thought  there  were  more;  and 
Mr.  Cull  seventeen.  Sir  John  Herschel 
thought  that  a  certain  definite  number  of 
typical  signs  must  be  selected,  leaving 
each  nation  or  province  to  attach  to  them 
their  own  shades  and  variety  of  sound.  A 
distinct  graphic  sign  for  every  sound  would 
be  impossible.  Dr.  Max  Mailer's  pro- 
posal is  to  use  the  Roman  alphabet,  with 
the  addition  of  italics,  for  certain  modifi- 
cations of  vowel  sounds,  and  also  som^ 

20 


282 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


[March, 


consonants.  The  use  of  italics  has  the 
advantage  over  points,  or  other  diacritical 
signs,  of  being  universally  understood  and 
in  general  use.  The  first  practical  point 
to  be  settled  is  that  referred  to  by  Sir 
John  Herschel — the  adoption  of  the  pri- 
mary alphabet,  the  letters  or  sounds  of 
which  must  be  selected  for  the  widest  pos- 
sible range  of  use. 

The  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the 
Intiiiution  qf  Civil  Engineers  took  place 
Dec.  20,  James  Meadows  Rendel,  esq. 
President,  in  the  chair.  The  report  re- 
viewed the  progress  of  engineering  at  home 
and  abroad;  and  the  great  works,  both  of 
public  utility  and  of  architectural  embeU 
lishment,  proceeding  in  France,  under  the 
present  energetic  ruler  of  that  kingdom, 
were  pointed  out  as  worthy  of  exciting  our 
national  emulation.  Telford  medals  were 
presented  to  Messrs.  Coode,  Clerk,  Brooks, 
Huntington,  Burt,  Duncan,  Siemens,  Che- 
yerton,  and  Barrett ;  and  premiums  of 
books  to  Messrs.  Richardson,  Armstrong, 
Rawlinson,  and  Sewell.  The  financial 
statement  showed  that,  though  there  was  a 
heavy  debt  for  printing,  yet  the  annual  in- 
come now,  for  the  first  time,  exceeded  the 
ordinary  expenditure.  This  statement,  as 
to  the  printing  debt,  produced  a  length- 
ened discussion,  which  resulted  in  the  de- 
termination that  contributions  should  be 
collected  from  members  of  all  classes,  on 
the  following  scale :  President,  30 guineas; 

Sast  presidents,  vice-presidents,  and  mem- 
ers  and  associates  of  the  council,  20  gui- 
nea! each ;  members  5  guineas  each,  and 
associates  1  guinea  each.  This  assessment 
was  cheerfully  agreed  to,  and  several  mem- 
bers and  associates  present  doubled  the 
amount  of  their  contributions.  The  fol- 
lowing gentlemen  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year: — Messrs.  James  Simpson, 
President ;  G.  P.  Bidder,  I.  K.  Brunei,  J. 
Locke,  M.P.,  R.  Stephenson,  M.P.,  Vice- 
Presidents;  J.  Cttbitt,  J.  £.  Errington, 
J.  Fowler,  C.  H.  Gregory,  J.  Hawkshaw, 
T.  Hawksley,  J.  R.  M'Clean,  C.  May,  J. 
Penn,  and  J.  S.  Russell,  members ;  and 
H.  A.  Hunt,  and  C.  Geach,  M.P.,  asso- 
ciates of  the  Council.  Mr.  Rendel  has 
occupied  the  chair  for  two  years. 

The  anniversary  meeting  of  the  Chrono- 
logical Inttitule  was  held  on  the  21st  Dec 
being  the  winter  solstice.  Dr.  John  Lee, 
LL.D.  President  elect,  in  the  chair.  Dr. 
Lee  has  held  the  office  of  treasurer  of  the 
institute  for  the  last  three  years.  Dr. 
William  Camps  is  his  successor,  Thomas 
Joseph  Pettigrew,  esq.  F.R.S.  being  noBii- 
nated  to  the  office  of  Vice-Preeident.  The 
following  communications  were  made  to 
the  meeting: — 1.  ♦•  On  the  Chronological 
Study  of  History,''  by  Dr.  BeU,  illustrated 
by  reference  to  his  chart,  '*  The  Stream  of 


Time.'*  2.  "  On  the  order  of  the  Genera- 
tion,'^  an  ancient  chronological  tract,  by 
Mr.  Asher  and  Mr.  Black,  the  registrar  of 
the  institute,  accompanied  with  the  exhibi- 
tion of  a  Hebrew  manuscript  thereof. 
3.  '*  On  the  Evidence  in  favour  of  the 
shortest  Period  for  the  Ministry  of  Jesni 
Christ,"  by  Mr.  Mardon.  4.  "  On  the 
Date  of  the  Battle  of  Cremona,  fought 
between  the  Armies  of  Vitellius  and  Ves- 
pasian,'' by  the  Rev.  S.  D.  Halkett. 
5.  A  short  notice  on  the  dates  of  the  Py- 
ramids at  Ghizeh  and  Abousseir,  by  Mr. 
John  Freeman.  The  Institute  has  pub- 
lished the  first  part  of  its  Transactions. 

On  the  9th  Feb.  in  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Council,  the  freedom  of  the  City  of 
London  was  presented  to  Auelen  Henry 
Layardy  D.C.L.  and  M.P.,  in  a  box  ap- 
propriately carved  with  the  most  remark- 
able symbols  derived  from  the  Assyrian 
sculptures. 

The  Italian  Society  of  Sciences,  at  their 
last  general  meeting,  elected  Sir  David 
Brewtter  to  the  place  of  one  of  its  twelve 
foreign  members,  vacant  by  the  death  of 
M.  Arago. 

Baron  Marochetti's  Slaiue  qf  Richard 
Cceur  de  lAon^  which  had  so  fine  an  aspect 
at  the  western  end  of  the  Great  Exhibi- 
tion of  1851,  has  been  placed  on  a  tempo- 
rary pedestal  in  New  Palace  Yard,  in  front 
of  the  door  of  Westminster  Hall.  The 
great  masses  of  the  contiguous  buildings 
here  detract  much  from  its  effect.  It 
appears  as  if  placed  in  a  square  bandbox. 
It  is  stated  also  that  Sir  Charles  Barry 
complains  that  it  does  not  harmonise  with 
the  architectural  features  around  it. 

A  statue  qf  Sir  Francis  Drake  has  been 
presented  to  the  town  of  Offenburg  by 
Herr  Andreas  Friederich,  a  sculptor  living 
in  Strasburg.  It  is  executed  in  fine-grained 
red  sandstone,  nine  feet  high,  and  has  been 
erected  on  a  handsome  pedestal  of  sand- 
stone fourteen  feet  high,  in  one  of  the 
best  situations  in  the  town.  Sir  Francis 
Drake  is  represented  standing  on  his  ship 
at  Deptford,  on  the  4th  April,  1587)  hay- 
ing just  been  made  a  knight  by  the  Queen. 
The  sculptor,  having  no  idea  of  the  plain 
knighthood  by  the  sword,  still  retained  in 
England,  and  in  England  only,  has  placed 
some  imaginary  insignia  of  knighthood, 
with  a  portrait  of  the  Queen,  suspended 
by  a  massive  chain  from  his  neck.  He 
holds  in  his  right  hand  a  map  of  America, 
and  in  his  left  a  bundle  of  potato-stalks, 
with  the  roots,  leaves,  flowers,  and  berriei 
attached.  His  arm  leans  on  an  anchor, 
ovtr  which  a  mantle  falls  in  ample  folde. 
On  each  side  of  the  pedestal  are  inscrip- 
tions, the  first  being,  "  Sir  Francis  Drake, 
the  introducer  of  potatoes  into  Europe  in 
the  year  of  our  Lord  1686  ;"  the  lecotidy 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


288 


'*  The  thanks  of  the  town  of  Offenborg  to 
Andreas  Friederich  of  Strasburg,  the  exe- 
cutor and  founder  of  the  statue  ;^'  the 
third,  *'  The  blessings  of  millions  of  men 
who  cultivate  the  globe  of  the  earth  is  thy 
most  imperishable  glory  ;*'  and  the  fourth, 
*'  The  precious  gift  of  God,  as  the  help  of 
the  poor  against  need,  prevents  bitter 
want."  The  citizens  of  Offenburg  have 
presented  the  artist  with  a  silver  goblet, 
on  the  lid  of  which  stands  a  model,  in  the 
same  metal,  of  the  statue  to  Drake. 

A  statue  of  Jefferson^  third  President 
of  the  United  States,  was  cast  on  the  25th 
Jan.  at  the  royal  foundry  at  Munich.  It 
is  thirteen  feet  high,  and  has  taken  ten 
tons  of  metal.  This  is  one  of  the  iive 
statues  which  will  surround  the  equestrian 
one  of  Washington,  at  Richmond,  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  which  is  twenty-two  feet  in 
height.  The  model  of  the  statue  is  by 
Hiram  Powers. 

A  valuable  purchase  has  just  been  made 
for  the  Louvre.  It  is  an  enamelled  chest 
of  the  twelfth  or  thirteenth  century,  ori- 
ginally destined  to  contain  the  remains  of 
St.  Radegonde,  patron  of  the  town  of 
Poitiers.  The  colours  are  very  brilliant, 
and  the  chest  is  exquisitely  finished,  even 
to  the  minutest  chasing  of  the  four  groups 
which  fill  its  several  compartments. 

Some  of  the  old  Portraits  of  Kings  and 
councillors  in  the  Bristol  Council  House 
have  of  late  been  undergoing  the  process 
of  cleaning,  when  tbey  were  found  to  have 
been  most  extravagantly  and  absurdly  be- 
daubed at  some  former  period.  A  very 
indiflFerent  portrait  of  Charles  the  First, 
of  which  the  external  surface  has  been 
nearly  removed,  has  proved  to  be  an  ex- 
cellent picture,  worthy  of  Cornelius  Jan- 
son.  One  of  Charles  the  Second  is  re- 
stored by  the  same  process  into  his  brother 
James,  having  apparently  been  translated 
into  the  more  popular  monarch  after  the 
.Revolution.  Its  original  purchase  is  sup- 
posed to  be  recorded  in  the  following 
items  :  "  1686.  April  7.  Paid  John  Hos- 
kins  for  the  King^s  picture,  10/.  bs.  Paid 
for  gilding  frame,  13*."  These  restora- 
tions have  been  performed  by  Mr.  Cur- 
nock,  portrait-painter. 

Messrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson,  of  Picca- 
dilly, have  sold  by  auction  the  library  and 
manuscripts  collected  by  George ^  Earl  qf 
Macartney,  whose  important  diplomatic 
engagements  in  China  and  at  the  Court  of 
St.  Petersburg  have  given  his  name  no 
mean  place  in  history.  Lord  Macartney 
died  in  1806,  and  the  external  condition 
of  his  books  would  seem  to  indicate  that 
his  library  has  Iain  dormant  from  that  time 
to  the  present.  The  printed  books  con- 
sisted of  such  historical  and  topographical 
works  as  may  be  found  in  the  best  fur- 


nished libraries,  with  others  relating  to  the 
histories  of  those  countries  which  were 
the  scenes  of  the  Earl's  diplomatic  ser- 
vices.      The    manuscripts,    which    were 
numerous  and  important,  elicited  spirited 
competition.     Among  them  were  the  fol- 
lowing : — A  Collection  of  Original  Manu- 
scripts   and   Autograph    Letters   of   and 
relating  to  Francis  Atterbury,  Bishop  of 
Rochester,    sold     for    30/.      Two    folio 
volumes  of  Letters  and  Documents  ad- 
dressed to  Sir  G.  Downing,  British  Minis- 
ter to  the   Netherlands,    1644   to   1682, 
152/.     In  this  collection  were  two  holo- 
graph letters  of  Andrew  Marvel,  and  many 
other  interesting  papers.      Hobbes'    Le- 
viathan, a  curious  manuscript,  said  to  be 
the  identical  one  presented  to  Charles  II. 
by  the  author,  15/.  10«.     A  notice  of  this 
MS.  will  be  found    in  the   Gentleman's 
Magazine    fof    18 13.       An   unpublished 
MS.  of  Sir  Kenelm  Digby's  Journal  of 
his  proceedings  against  the  Algerines,  and 
afterwards  against  the  Venetians,  21/.  lOt. 
Among    the    Heraldic    MSS.    were,    A 
Visitation    of    Essex,     13/.       Visitation 
of  Essex  and  Norfolk,  10/.  10«.     Visita- 
tion   of   Hertfordshire,  12/.      Visitation 
of  Lancashire,  16/.    Visitation  of  Norfolk 
and   Worcestershire,   22/.     Visitation   of 
Oxfordshire,  12/.   Visitation  of  Somerset- 
shire, 10/.     A  large  collection  of  Cases,' 
Pedigrees,  Petitions,  and  Rolls  of  Nobility, 
14/.  10«.     Ralph  Brook's  Account  of  the 
Seymour   Family,   9/.  lO*.      Anstis   and 
Dale^s  Collections  of  Pedigrees,  &c.  of  the 
Powlet  Family,  10/.  10*.     Peerage  Cases, 
a  large  collection,  MS.  and  printed,  formed 
by  John  Anstis,  Garter-King-at-Arms,  24/. 
Arms  of  the  Gentry  of  Staffordshire,  as 
they  are  entered  in  visitation  of  1663,  made 
by  W.  Dugdale,  &c.  32/.  10«.    Sir  Erasmus 
Gower's  Journal  of  the  Proceedings  of  Her 
Majesty's  ship  Lion,  commencing  Aug. 
1793,  and  ending  Jan.  1794,  on  a  voyage 
to  China,  26/.     Proceedings  and  Corres- 
pondence of  the  Select  Committee  at  Fort 
St.  George,  during  the  Government  of  Earl 
Macartney,  9/.  10;.    Letters  during  Sir  G. 
Macartney's   residence  in    Russia,    from 
1764  to  1767,  with  the  then  Secretary  of 
State,  and  two  other  lots  of  MSS.  relating 
to  Russia,  21/.     Proceedings  of  Messrs. 
Sadleir,  Staunton,  and  Hudleston,  for  the 
Negotiation  of  Peace  with  Tippoo  Sultaun, 
7/.  bs.     Copies  of  the  Correspondence  at 
Bengal  and  Madras  between  the  Earl  of 
Macartney,  Warren  Hastings,  and  others, 
7/.  5«. 

We  regret  to  see  an  announcement  that 
the  Library  and  MSS,  of  the  late  Sir 
William  Bethanif  Ulster  King-of-Arms, 
are  likely  to  be  dispersed  by  auction. 
The  collection  is  so  important  to  the  family 
and  general  history  of  Ireland,  that  it  is 


284 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[March, 


very  desirable  that  it  should  be  kept  entire, 
and  placed  in  some  public  library  in  Dublin. 
The  last  Pattern -Book  of  Bneausiie 
Tiles,  manufactured  by  Maw  and  Com- 
pany,  at  Benthall,  near  Broseley,  offers  a 
great  variety  of  choice  to  those  who  are 
inclined  to  adopt  this  elegant  and  conve- 
nient mode  of  pavement.  Besides  the  nu- 
merous ecclesiastical  patterns  which  have 
now  been  repeated  in  various  ways,  the 
book  contains  several  adaptations  of 
Greek,  Italian,  and  Moresque  ornamenta- 
tion, which  have  been  designed  by  Mr. 
H.  B.  Garling,  architect.  These  will  be 
useful  for  domestic  use.  For  churches 
people  cannot  do  better  than  select  some 
of  the  direct  copies  of  the  ancient  tiles. 


which  cannot  easily  be  surpassed.  This 
pattern-book  is  further  remarkable  for  its 
very  excellent  examples  of  arrangement. 
It  is  transmitted  stamped  from  the  manu- 
facturers, and  specimen  tiles  are  to  be 
seen  at  11,  Aldersgate-street. 

The  public  library  at  Vienne,  in  France, 
has  been  totally  destroyed  by  fire ;  8000 
volumes  and  some  very  valuable  old  MSS. 
were  burnt  to  cinders,  and  a  painting  by 
Claude  Lorraine,  representing  The  Dsugh- 
iert  of  Loif  was  a  good  deal  damaged. 

The  Rev.  Peter  Brown  of  Wishaw  has 
collected  a  quantity  of  unpublished  mate- 
rials with  reference  to  Oliver  Cromwell's 
visits  to  Scotland,  which  he  proposes 
to  publish. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Noieg  at  Paris, particularly  on  the  State 
and  Proepects  q/*  Religion,  Post  Svo, — 
This  book  contains  the  substance  of  a 
journal  kept  during  a  visit  to  Paris  in  the 
autumn  of  Isst  year;  and,  though  no  name 
appears  on  the  title-page,  we  gather  from 
a  note  in  p.  \2  that  it  proceeds  from  a 
dignitary  of  the  abbey-church  of  West- 
minster,— well  known  for  his  active  zeal 
in  the  cause  of  the  Church  of  England  and 
in  every  good  work  connected  therewith, 
— who  previously,  in  1845,  published  *' A 
Diary  in  France,"  written  during  the  reign 
of  Louis- Philippe.  Dr.  Wordsworth's 
primary  object  in  his  last  visit  to  Paris 
appears  to  have  been  to  examine  the  MS.  of 
the  Philosophumena,  attributed  to  Hippo- 
lytus,  which  is  preserved  in  the  National 
Library;  but  he  also  made  it  his  business 
to  visit  churches  and  schools,  and  other 
institutions,  and  to  make  serious  inquiries 
in  every  accessible  or  opportune  quarter, 
which  could  afford  him  information  on  the 
present  state  of  religion  in  France.  The 
result  is  by  no  means  encouraging  to  those 
who  aspire  for  the  progress  of  Christianity, 
and  for  the  future  peace  and  amendment 
of  society. 

**  It  would  appear  (he  remarks)  that  at 
the  present  critical  period  a  large  class  of 
the  French  people  imagines  that  the  na- 
tional religion — the  Roman  Catholic  creed 
— is  not  fostered  by  the  higher  powers 
because  they  believe  in  it  as  a  revelation 
from  heaven,  and  therefore  true,  and  ne- 
cessary to  be  received  and  propagated ; 
but  is  worn  by  them  as  a  mask,  and  used 
as  an  instrument  of  government — an  in- 
genious and  effective  machine  of  Machia- 
velian  policy.  They  suspect  the  civil  and 
ecclesiastical  powers  of  acting  a  political 
part,  in  order  to  serve  their  own  secular 


ends ;  they  charge  the  higher  classes  with 
hypocrisy  and  duplicity.  Thus  the  moral 
influence  of  the  State  and  Church  may 
perhaps  be  silently  declining,  even  at  a 
time  when,  by  their  combination,  they 
seem  to  be  strong.  And  there  may  be 
reason  to  think  that  the  time  may  not  be 
distant,  when  the  people  may  rise  against 
those  who,  as  they  suppose,  have  conspired 
together  to  delude  and  oppress  them. 

**  The  papal  element  in  the  French 
Church  makes  it  very  difficult  for  the  civil 
power  to  deal  with  it.  Louis-Philippe 
feared  and  persecuted  it  as  an  enemy,  and, 
in  order  to  disarm  and  cripple  it,  pa- 
tronised liberal  measures  and  developed 
liberal  powers,  which  eventually  became 
too  strong  for  his  own  government ;  and 
so  he  precipitated  his  own  fall.  Napo- 
leon III.  pursues  a  different  policy;  he 
favours  the  hierarchy  and  the  church,  and 
encourages  it  to  develop  its  own  principles. 
But  is  it  not  to  be  apprehended  that  the  < 
same  papal  element  which  made  Louis- 
Philippe  jealous  of  the  Church,  will  now, 
being  cherished  by  the  State,  render  the 
government  of  Napoleon  III.  obnoxious 
to  the  nation,  and,  by  its  extravagances 
and  impostures,  provoke  and  strengthen 
the  cause  of  infidelity  and  revolution,  and 
prepare  the  way  for  the  downfall  of  his 
dynasty  ?  Until  the  papal  element  is 
eliminated  from  the  Church  of  France,  the 
church  can  never  be  a  source  of  strength 
to  the  throne  ;  it  will  rather  be  a  cause  of 
peril  to  it.  But  if  that  were  done,  then 
the  church  and  throne  might  aid  each 
other,  and  flourish  together.' ' 

In  a  subsequent  place  Dr.  Wordsworth 
remarks : 

"  It  seems  that  the  present  crisis  is  re- 
markable in  this  respect :   now,  in  tiie 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


285 


middle  of  the  nineteenth  centary,  France, 
and  a  considerable  portion  of  Europe,  is 
falling  back  into  the  modes  of  thought 
and  action  of  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth 
centuries  with  regard  to  the  papacy.  This 
may  be  instanced  in  the  following  par- 
ticulars : 

**  I.  The  reproduction  of  the  Ultra- 
montane theory,  even  in  temporal  matters, 
concerning  the  powers  of  the  papacy — its 
supremacy  and  infallibility. 

*'  II.  In  the  estimate  of  the  actions  of 
individual  popes.  We  are  now  called  upon 
by  Romanist  writers  in  France  to  unlearn 
our  history.  Not  merely  (we  are  assured) 
do  the  characters  of  such  popes  as  Boni- 
face VIII.,  Gregory  VII.,  Innocent  III., 
and  Pius  V.  require  no  apology,  but  these 
pontiffs  are  to  be  ^regarded  as  models  for 
imitation,  as  patterns  for  popes,  and  as 
objects  of  special  veneration  to  the  clergy 
and  laity  for  faith,  saintliness,  and  courage. 

**III.  The  documents  of  Roman  eccle- 
siastical history,  which  were  rejected  as 
spurious  by  such  learned  R.  C.  writers  of 
the  French  Church  as  Fleury,  Dupin,  and 
Tillemont  (who  would  now,  I  suppose,  be 
proscribed  as  Jansenists),  are  not  only  re- 
ceived as  genuine  and  true,  however  late 
may  be  their  origin,  and  however  incon- 
sistent they  may  be  with  known  historical 
facts,  but  they  are  to  be  made  the  ground- 
work of  church  history,  and  all  other  do- 
cuments are  to  be  corrected  by  them  and 
conformed  to  them. 

**  IV.  This  revival  of  the  spirit  of  me- 
disevalism  shows  itself  in  numerous  prac- 
tices as  well  as  doctrines.     For  example — 

1.  We  now  see  a  band  of  pilgrims  set- 
ting out  from  Paris  to  the  Holy  Land  to 
worship  at  the  Holy  Sepulchre. 

2.  We  behold  the  Catacombs  of  Rome 
worked  with  increased  activity,  as  if  they 
were  a  spiritual  California. 

[On  this  subject  we  have  extracted  in 
a  former  portion  of  this  Magazine  Dr. 
Wordsworth's  able  exposure  of  the  recent 
erection  of  a  new  Patron  Saint  at  Amiens.] 

"3.  The  worship  of  the  Blessed  Virgin, 
superseding  the  religion  of  Christ,  is  too 
obvious  to  be  insisted  upon. 

'*4.  Again,  we  see  reports  of  miracles, 
apparitions,  &c.  promulgated  by  the  church 
with  great  contidence  and  activity.  In 
fact,  the  Apocalyptic  prophecy  appears 
to  be  receiving  a  complete  fulfilment ;  the 
mysterious  power,  there  foreshadowed,  of 
'  the  faithless  church,'  whose  seat  is  on 
the  Seven  Hills,  is  labouring  with  restless 
energy  to  make  every  one  receive  its  mark, 
and  with  marvellous  success." 

Dr.  Wordsworth  has  also  made  various 
inquiries  as  to  the  present  state  of  Pro- 
testantism in  France.  It  is,  unhappily,  di- 
vided into  two  discordant  parties.   Whilst 


the  Roman  Catholics  have  almost  entirely 
relinquished  their  Gallicanism,  the  Pro- 
testants are  still  separated  into  Calvinista 
and  Lutherans.  *'  But  what  is  very  re- 
markable, is,  that  the  Parisian  R.  C.  press 
does  not  wage  a  systematic  warfare  with 
Parisian  Protestantism,  or  with  French 
Protestantism ;  but  almost  all  its  anti- 
Protest&nt  artillery  is  levelled  across  the 
Channel  against  the  Church  of  England, 
This  is,  perhaps,  the  strongest  testimony 
that  could  be  given,  and  the  noblest  homage 
that  could  be  paid  to  that  church — as  the 
strongest  bulwark  of  the  Reformation." 

When  a  pastor  of  the  Evang^lique  or 
Reformed  Protestant  party  was  asked, 
"  '  What  is  the  state  of  your  own  churches  ? 
Do  you  make  much  progress  ?'  he  replied 
'  Yes,  we  make  some :  but  the  circum- 
stance I  mentioned  is  one  of  our  hinder- 
ances.  The  people  lovef/?0c/ac/ein  religion, 
and  we  have  little  of  that  to  offer  in  our 
churches ;  hence,  I  candidly  own,'  said  he, 
*  that  Protestantism  in  our  form  is  not 
suited  for  France  as  she  is  now.  It  is  too 
dry,  too  cold.  There  are  other  things 
against  us.  The  name  of  Protestant  in 
France  is  regarded  as  synonymous  with 
that  of  rebellCf  it  excites  souvenirs  de  la 
guerre.  Then  our  divisions  tell  greatly 
against  us.  Still  there  is  a  considerable 
demand  in  the  communes  of  France  for 
Protestant  instructors,  qui  sont  tres  aim^s. 
I  was  pasteur  in  a  certain  commune,  where 
I  had  five  instituteure  under  me  ;  our  in- 
struction is  generally  preferred  to  that  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  schools.  But  the 
government  is  now  opposed  to  us,  and  we 
have  great  difficulties  thrown  in  our  way 
by  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical  powers.  AH 
the  weight  of  the  authority  of  the  country 
is  cast  into  the  scale  of  Rome." 

The  same  speaker  gave  it  as  his  opinion 
that  in  the  north  of  France  there  was  little 
religious  faith  of  any  kind  among  the 
middle  and  lower  classes, — in  the  south, 
some  little.  The  author,  of  course,  makes 
some  reflections  upon  the  measures  which 
may  best  tend  to  remedy  this  lamentable 
state  of  things.  *'  And  next  to  Divine 
Grace,  and  the  Divine  Word,  we  must  look 
to  sound  learning,  and  especially  to  an 
accurate  study  of  early  church  history,  for 
the  manifestation  of  the  truth,  and  for  the 
exposure  of  the  cheats  and  impostures  now 
palmed  upon  an  unsuspecting  world  under 
the  venerable  name  of  Christian  antiquity. 
The  Church  of  Rome  has  now  many  hearts 
and  hands  stirred  by  a  spirit  similar  to 
that  which  actuated  the  mind,  and  pro- 
duced the  works,  of  her  illustrious  an- 
nalist Cardinal  Baronius ;  and  it  will  fare 
ill  for  the  cause  of  Christianity  in  England 
if  our  Universities  and  capitular  bodies  do 
hot  endeavour  to  raise  a  race  of  students. 


286 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[March, 


animated  by  the  temper,  and  instigated  bj 
the  zeal,  and  endowed  with  the  erudition, 
of  Isaac  Casaubon." 


France  before  the  Revolution ;  or^ 
Princes t  InfldeUf  and  Huguenots,  By 
L.  F.  Bongener,  Author  qf  the  History 
of  the  Council  of  Trent,  2  ro/».— This 
is  a  translation  of  the  well 'known  work 
"  Trois  Sermons  sous  Louis  XV.''  It  is 
the  most  skilfully  constructed  of  the  au- 
thor's stories,  while  the  argumentative 
part  of  the  book  is  in  no  respect  inferior 
to  that  in  the  History  of  the  Council  of 
Trent — a  volume  which  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  student  of  history. 

The  volumes  before  us  are  divided  be- 
tween the  court,  the  city,  and  the  desert, 
as  the  locality  of  the  proscribed  Protestant 
Church  in  France  was  called.  The  scenes 
at  court  are  the  most  brilliantly  painted, 
those  in  the  city  the  most  graphically 
described,  and  those  in  the  desert  the 
most  touching.  It  is  all,  too,  history  and 
not  fiction;  and  history,  moreover,  more 
startling  than  anything  ever  dreamed  of 
by  weavers  of  romance.  The  author's 
powers  of  condensation  are  really  marvel- 
lous, and  for  brilliant  power  of  narrative 
he  has  no  one  that  can  be  compared  with 
him  but  Lamartine.  We  see  that  the 
present  is  called  the  "  authorised  edition," 
but  it  appears  to  us  to  contain  less  matter 
than  that  in  TrUbner's  American  transla- 
tion, published  under  the  title  of  "  The 
Priest  and  the  Huguenot."  In  both  in- 
stances the  original  has  been  most  skil- 
fully translated. 

The  ablest  of  Bungener's  works  has  not 
yet  found  a  translator,  we  allude  to  his 
**  Esquisses  du  17°*  Siecle,"  in  which 
Voltaire  is  the  central  figure.  That 
wretched  deity  of  those  who  denied  all 
other  gods  is  splendidly  annihilated  in 
that  incomparable  work  ;  and  we  counsel 
all  who  read  systematically  to  peruse  it 
before  they  venture  upon  Bungener's 
forthcoming  volume  *'  Julien,  ou  la  fin 
d'un  Siecle." 


A  Memoir  of  the  Life  and  Labours  qf 
Dr.  A,  Judson.  By  Francis  Wayland, 
D,D.  2  vols,  iVtf^e/.— It  is  unfortunate 
that  some  of  the  best  of  our  new  books  do 
occasionally  get  thrust  aside  to  make  way 
for  the  importunate  claims  of  such  as  treat 
on  subjects  of  a  great,  but  temporary, 
interest.  Among  those  recently  placed 
before  us,  let  us  now  particularly  make  the 
honourable  mention  to  which  they  are  so 
well  entitled,  of  two  volumes  which  come 
to  us  from  America,  though  reprinted,  and 
with  good  success,  in  London.  Dr.  Way- 
land^s  Memoirs  of  the  celebrated  American 
Baptist  missionary  in  Burmab,  Dr.  Jud- 


son, owe  their  interest  to  yarioos  causes : 
— chiefly,  indeed,  to  the  rare  singleness  of 
heart  and  purpose  which  pervaded  Dr. 
Judson' s  whole  career, — ^but  also  from  the 
remarkable  aid  his  labours  received  from 
no  less  than  three  admirable  women,  suc- 
cessively the  partakers  of  the  missionary's 
counsels,  and  most  effective  partners  in 
his  toils.  The  name  of  the  first  Mrs. 
*  Judson — of  that  heroic  woman  who  minis- 
tered to  her  husband  and  his  companions' 
wants  throughout  their  cruel  captivity  of 
twenty-one  months  in  Ava, — is  tolerably 
well  known.  To  Anne  Judson,  indeed, 
the  missionary  path  was  almost  wholly  one 
of  sorrow  and  discouragement.  For  seven 
years  the  church  at  Rangoon  could  num- 
ber only  three  native  converts ;  and,  after 
the  terrible  persecutions  of  Ava,  the  shat- 
tered health  of  the  brate  wife  gave  way. 
After  fourteen  years  of  married  life,  thir- 
teen of  which  had  been  passed  in  foreign 
climes,  the  path  had  just  begun  to  look 
brighter,  and  the  hope  of  better  success  to 
dawn  on  them,  when  an  illness  of  a  few 
days,  in  her  husband's  absence,  carried 
her  off,  leaving  one  motherless  babe,  soon 
to  follow  her.  Strange  as  it  may  seem, 
her  merits  seem  to  have  been  fully 
equalled,  in  many  respects  surpassed,  by 
her  successor,  who,  herself  the  widow  of 
an  excellent  missionary,  married  Dr.  Jud- 
son eight  years  after  the  death  of  his  first 
wife.  To  this  companion,  indeed,  was  owing 
much  even  of  that  influence  among  the 
heathen  which  might  be  ascribed  to  bis 
own  efforts,  since  it  is  clear  that,  during  a 
great  part  of  his  widowerhood,  habits  of 
asceticism  and  a  diseased  aversion  to  society 
had  been  growing  upon  him.  From  these 
notions  and  habits,  which  might  have  eaten 
the  heart  out  of  his  noble  enterprises,  his 
second  marriage  entirely  freed  him.  He 
was  now  made  the  father  of  living  and 
promising  children  His  wife,  a  learned, 
talented,  energetic,  loving  Christian  wo- 
man, speaking  and  writing  the  native  lan- 
guages fluently,  holding  his  work  dearer 
than  life,  raised  his  heart,  his  mind, 
and  hope.  With  her  he  had  the  blessing 
of  living  ten  years,  when  a  disease,  whose 
symptoms  had  threatened  her,  became 
more  decidedly  developed,  and  her  husband 
was  told  that  the  only  chance  for  protracted 
life  was  in  a  sea- voyage  and  a  northern  cli* 
mate.  As  she  was  too  ill  to  go  alone,  Dr. 
Judson,  unwilling  as  he  was  to  leave  his 
work,  felt  constrained  to  accompany  her. 
They  reached  the  Isle  of  France.  There 
her  health  appeared  to  be  so  far  improved, 
as  that  both  made  up  their  minds  that  it 
was  possible  for  her  to  proceed  withoat 
him ;  and  he  determined  to  return  to  the 
mission.  We  recollect  no  more  touching 
instance  of  quiet  heroism  and  fidelity  to 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


287 


daty  tban  this.  They  might  have  hoped 
to  meet  again,  but  the  hazard  and  the  sepa- 
ration were  dreadful.  Happily,  however, 
as  it  must  be  said,  the  deceptive  appear- 
ances  of  recovery  quickly  gave  place  to 
realities,  about  which  there  could  be  no 
mistake.  They  proceeded  together,  when, 
just  off  the  Island  of  St.  Helena,  the  de- 
voted and  beloved  Sarah  Judson  breathed 
her  last.  There  was  time  to  carry  the  body 
on  shore,  and  to  bury  her  by  the  side  of  a 
sister  labourer  in  the  Christian  field.  It  was 
during  the  few  days  of  sojourn  near  the 
Isle  of  France,  while  their  separation  ap- 
peared to  be  decided  on,  that  she  wrote 
the  beautiful  lines  which  follow : — 

We  part  on  this  green  islet,  love. 

Thou  for  the  eastern  main ; 
I  for  the  setting  sun,  love, 

Oh,  when  to  meet  again  ? 

My  heart  is  sad  for  thee,  love. 

For  lone  thy  way  will  be  : 
And  oft  thy  tears  will  fall,  love., 

For  tby  children  and  for  me. 

The  music  of  thy  daughter's  voice 
Thou'l't  miss  for  many  a  year ; 

And  the  merry  sliout  of  thine  elder  boys, 
Thou'l't  list  in  vain  to  hear. 

When  we  knelt  to  see  our  Henry  die, 
And  heard  his  last  faint  moan. 

Each  wipM  the  tear  from  other's  eye; 
Now  each  must  weep  alone. 

My  tears  fall  fast  for  thee,  love; 

How  can  I  say,  farewell  1 
But  go — thy  God  be  with  thee,  love, 

Thy  heart's  deep  grief  to  quell. 

Yet  my  spirit  clings  to  thee,  love, 

Thy  soul  remains  with  me; 
And  oft  we'll  hold  communion  sweet 

Over  the  distant  sea. 

And  who  can  paint  our  mutual  joy. 
When,  all  our  wand'rings  o'er, 

We  both  shall  clasp  our  infants  three 
At  home,  on  Burmah's  shore  I 

But  higher  shall  our  raptures  glow. 

On  yon  celestial  plain. 
When  the  lov'd  and  parted  here  below 

Meet,  ne'er  to  part  again  I 

Then  gird  thine  armour  on,  love  ; 

Nor  faint  thou  by  the  way. 
Till  Boodh  shall  fall,  and  Burmah's  sons 

Shall  own  Messiah's  sway  1 

One  can  hardly  realise  the  fact  of  a  third 
marriage  ;  and  yet  this  affectionate  man, 
wrung  to  the  heart  by  his  losses  and  the 
desolation  of  his  prospects,  could  not  con- 
template a  return  to  his  work  alone. 
Wonderful  to  say,  in  this  case  also  the 
choice  seems  to  have  been  dictated  by 
sound  wisdom,  and  to  have  been  produc- 
tive of  blessings  to  the  full  as  rare  and 
precious  as  those  he  had  previously  known. 


He  had  pursued  his  sad  voyage  after  the 
death  of  Sarah  Judson,  and  for  the  first 
and  last  time  revisited  the  land  of  his  birth, 
since  that  time  when  (in  1815)  he  sailed 
from  its  shores  to  found  the  Burmah  mis- 
sion. He  remained  some  months  in  New 
York  and  Boston ;  and  set  sail  with  his 
third  partner  on  the  11th  of  July,  1846, 
on  his  last  labours  in  Rangoon,  where  first 
he  had  preached  the  Gospel.  Those  la- 
bours, however,  were  not  destined  to  be 
long  protracted ;  and  we  are  indebted  to 
the  pen  of  his  faithful  wife  for  the  beautiful 
and  touching  account  of  his  last  hours, 
when  on  a  voyage  positively  ordered  as 
the  only  chance  for  prolonged  life.  It  is 
a  blessing  to  know  that,  during  a  large  por- 
tion of  that  life,  he  had  been  permitted  to 
see  many  fruits  of  his  missionary  toils.  For 
thirty-seven  years  he  laboured  in  Burmah 
— he  gathered  together  its  first  Christian 
congregation — tried  by  intense  suffering,  • 
bodily  and  mental— labouring  with  his  pen 
and  voice — completing  his  translation  of 
the  Bible,  his  Dictionary,  and  his  Tracts. 
And  now  we  have  it  to  say,  that,  whereas 
during  the  first  seven  years  of  his  mission 
three  converts  only  had  been  brought  in, 
the  number  of  Burmese  and  of  Karens 
who  were,  at  the  close  of  his  life,  constant, 
and  for  the  most  part  consistent,  worship- 
pers in  Christian  churches  and  readers  of 
the  Christian  Scriptures,  exceeded  eight 
thousand  I 

Of  all  the  good  soldiers  that  have  proved 
their  armour  on  this  field,  Dr.  Judson  is 
the  pioneer.  His  talent  for  the  acquisition 
of  languages,  his  fluent,  powerful  use  of  that 
language,  his  tact, — above  all,  his  indo- 
mitable patience  and  courage,  have  cleared 
the  way  for  all  followers  ;  and  to  him  must 
ever  be  ascribed,  under  Providence,  what- 
ever of  true  and  Christian  character  may 
hereafter  be  developed  in  that  land  of  fear- 
ful and  cruel  superstition. 

Memoir  of  the  Rev,  Richard  Heme 
Shepherd,  late  Minister  of  Ranelagh 
Chapel,  Chelsea :  with  a  Selectionfrom  his 
Publications  and  Correspondence.  Edited 
by  his  Sons  the  Rev.  Richard  Shepherd  and 
Samuel  Shepherd,  Esq.  F.S,A.  Nisbet, 
Svo. — When  the  celebrated  Rotunda  at 
Ranelagh,  once  the  resort  of  all  the  gayest 
of  the  gay,  was  taken  down  and  sold  piece- 
meal in  1805,  it  occurred  to  some  benevo- 
lent people,  that  it  would  be  a  good  and 
Christian  deed  to  establish  schools  and  a 
place  of  worship  amongst  the  neglected 
and  dissolute  population  who  had  settled 
in  that  neighbourhood,  once  set  apart  for 
the  indulgence  of  fashionable  dissipation. 
One  of  the  refreshment  rooms  of  Ranelagh 
was  accordingly  hired  for  the  purpose.  It 
was  first  opened  as  a  school-room,  and 


288 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[  March, 


after  a  time  for  worship  on  Sandays.     In 
those  days  the  extensive  parish  of  Chelsea, 
in  which  this  transaction  took  place,  al- 
though it  contained  about  15,000  inhabit- 
ants, had  only  one  small  church,  which 
was  crowded  up  with  ancient  monuments, 
and  an  Episcopal  chapel,  which  was  then 
and  is  still  in  private  hands.     Both  these 
places  of  worship  were  situate  on  the  side 
of  the  parish  at  the  farthest  distance  from 
Ranelagh.    The  need  of  some  addition  to 
these  scanty  means  of  religious  instruction 
may  therefore  be  well  conceived.     Many 
good  men  encouraged  the  work  at  Rane- 
lagh, although  done  in  a  way  which  neces- 
sarily, so  far  as  concerned  external  order, 
disconnected     it    with    the     Established 
Church.    The  great  difficulty  was  to  find 
persons  willing  and  able  to  devote  them- 
^  selves  to  the  ministerial  portion  of  the 
work,  which  it  is  obvious  was  essentially 
of  a  missionary  character.     For  several 
years  the  Sunday  services  were  performed 
by  ministers  of  various  evangelical  dissent- 
ing bodies,  and  by  such  lay  members  of 
their  congregations  as,  having  "  the  gift  of 
teaching,'^'  were  permitted  to  preach,  al- 
though never  formally  set  apart  to  the 
ministerial  office.     Amongst  them  was  the 
subject  of  the  present  biography.    Bom  at 
Bicester  in  1775,  he  had  come  early  in  life 
to  London  with  his  parents,  and  had  been 
brought  up  to  some  commercial  pursuit. 
It  is  not  stated  in  the  Memoir  what  it  was, 
but  we  believe  he  occupied  the  post  of 
clerk  or  book-keeper  to  a  tradesman  in  an 
extensive  way  of  business  in  St.  James's 
Street.     Thrown  in  the  way  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Scott  the  commentator,  who  was 
then  chaplain  at  the  Lock,  and  also  of 
Cowper's  friend  John  Newton,   he  had 
imbibed  their  doctrines  and  their  spirit, 
and  was  anxious  to  devote  himself  to  the 
ministry.     Friends  who  were  persuaded  of 
his  ability  and  conscientiousness  offered  to 
assist  him  in  going  to  Oxford,  and  obtain- 
ing a  degree ;  but  Scott  on  being  consulted 
seems   to   have   thought  the   difficulties, 
arising  probably  from  the  deficiency  in  Mr. 
Shepherd^s  early  education,  too  formidable 
to  be  encountered  at  the  age  of  thirty,  and 
thus  the  Established  Church  lost  the  ser- 
vices of  a  good  and  able  man  who  was 
anxious  to  have  devoted  himself  to  her 
cause.     Embarking  with  characteristic  ar-' 
dour  in  the  labour  commenced  at  Rane- 
lagh, he  made  himself  so  useful  there,  that 
after  some  years  the  work  fell  entirely 
into  his  hands,  and  on  the  14th  January, 
1814,  he  was  set  apart  to  the  ministry  over 
the  congregation  which  he  had  been  one 
principal  means  of  forming  and  keeping 
together.    The  establishment  of  Sunday 
schools,  and  the  other  customary  adjuncts 
to  an  active  Christian  congregation  under 
8 


the  superinteadeuce  of  a  settled  pastor, 
soon  raised  the  importance  of  the  church. 
The  Ranelagh  refreshment- room  ceased  to 
be  large  enough  for  their  accommodation. 
A  handsome  building  was  erected  in  George 
Street,  Sloane  Square,  which  was  termed, 
in  memory  of  its  small  beginning,  "  Rane- 
la>i;h"  Chapel,  and  there  Mr.  Shepherd 
officiated  from  1818  to  1848.  He  died  on 
the  16th  May,  1850,  in  his  75th  year. 

The  Memoir  put  forth  by  his  sons  con- 
tains evidence  of  the  general  respect  in 
which  he  was  held,  not  only  by  the  minis- 
ters of  Dissenting  congregations,  and  by 
his  early  acquaintances  Scott  and  Newton, 
but  by  Leigh  Richmond,  whom  he  assisted 
in  the  collation  of  some  of  the  works  pub- 
lished in  •*The  Fathers  of  the  Church,"  and 
by  the  Rev.  Henry  Blunt,  who  himself  la- 
boiired  in  what  he  terms  the  same  "  moral 
wilderness"  with  Mr.  Shepherd.  Three 
letters  of  Mr.  Blunt*s  are  here  printed.  One, 
in  which  he  acknowledges  the  receipt  of 
an  "  interesting  and  truly  scriptural  ad- 
dress'" from  Mr.  Shepherd  to  his  *'  Church 
and  Congregation,"'  contains  the  following : 
"  If  all  who  differ  from  the  Establishment 
in  doctrine  or  polity  were  to  speak  and 
think  and  act  in  the  spirit  in  which  that 
truly  pastoral  letter  is  expressed,  there 
would,  I  am  convinced,  never  have  been 
the  separation  in  feelings  and  interests 
which  you  lament  in  your  note.  I  believe 
no  one  has  a  more  entirely  catholic  feeling 
with  respect  to  all  orthodox  Dissenters 
than  myself.  I  can  from  my  heart,  and  I 
do  daily  on  my  knees,  wish  them  God 
speed  ;  but  how  to  remedy  the  grievance 
of  which  you  very  justly  complain,  I  con- 
fess I  see  not" 

The  book  also  contains  some  spirited 
lines  by  James  Montgomery,  contributed 
for  a  special  service  at  Ranelagh  Chapel 
on  the  Abolition  of  Slavery.  They  com- 
mence— 

Ages,  ages  !  have  departed. 
Since  the  first  dark  vessel  bore 

Afric's  children,  broken-hearted. 
To  the  Caribbean  shore : — 
She,  like  Rachel, 

Weeping  for  they  were  no  more. 

Millions,  millions  !  have  been  slaughtered. 

In  the  fight  and  on  the  deep ; 
Millions,  millions  more,  have  watered, 

With  such  tears  as  captives  weep, 
Fields  of  travail. 
Where  their  bones  till  judgment  sleep. 

We  must  refer  to  the  book  itself  for  the 
remainder. 

Our  recollections  of  Mr.  Shepherd  and 
his  ministry,  which  have  been  refreshed 
by  the  perusal  of  this  volume,  although 
not  leading  us  to  attribute  to  him  the  poe« 
session  of  any  high  intellectual  qualitieti 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


289 


distinctly  picture  him  as  no  common  man. 
His  Tiews  were  all  of  the  bright  side  of 
religion.  It  was  not  his  to  terrify  a  guilty 
conscience,  like  a  Whitefield  or  a  Wesley, 
but  gently,  mildly,  lovingly,  to 

Allure  to  brighter  worlds,  and  lead  the  way. 

Well  read  in  ordinary  English  literature, 
he  had  a  retentiTe  memory  for  facts  and 
anecdotes,  and  great  skill  in  the  introduc- 
tion and  application  of  them,  not  only  in 
his  conversation,  but  also  in  his  sermons. 
Snatches  of  verse,  too,  were  of  especial 
use  to  him.  His  memory  was  stored  with 
them,  and  he  had  a  happy  talent  in  pour- 
ing them  out.  Thrown,  as  it  would  seem 
against  his  will,  into  the  formal  position 
of  a  Dissenter,  he  did  not  carry  with  him 
the  slightest  animosity  against  the  Church. 
Indeed,  in  all  things,  and  towards  all  men, 
his  religion  was  that  of  cheerfulness  and 
good  will.  Besides  the  special  claims  which 
his  memory  has  upon  the  congregation 
amongst  whom  he  ministered,  he  is  entitled 
to  universal  regard  as  having  kept  alive  a 
sense  of  religion  in  a  neighbourhood  which, 
at  that  time,  was  entirely  overlooked  by 
the  Established  Church.  He  thus  pre- 
pared the  way  for  that  better  state  of  things 
which  has  since  succeeded. 


Illuitraiiont  of  the  Spires  and  Towers 
of  the  MediiBval  Churches  of  Rnglandt 
preceded  by  some  Observations  on  the  Ar- 
chitecture of  the  Middle  Ages  and  its  Spire 
Growth,  By  Charles  Wickes,  Architect. 
Vol.  I. :  Spires.  Atlas  and  Imp.  Fblio. — 
This  really  magnificent  book  was  com- 
menced by  Mr.  Wickes  in  all  the  energy 
of  youth,  and,  after  some  years*  perse- 
verance, he  has  proceeded  to  the  extent  of 
a  volume,  which  contains  forty-one  sub- 
jects of  Spires,  comprised  in  twenty-six 
plates.  The  second  volume,  of  similar  ex- 
tent, is  to  be  devoted  to  Towers.  Mr. 
Wickes's  drawings  are  characterised  at 
once  by  boldness  and  precision.  The  Spires 
rise  before  us  in  the  majesty  and  the  truth 
of  their  originals.  His  plates  are  executed 
in  simple  but  effective  outline;  and  it  is 
announced  that  another  edition,  in  shaded 
and  tinted  lithography,  will  be  issued,  at 
the  same  prices,  for  those  who  prefer  the 
higher  pictorial  effect  so  produced.  The 
outline  edition  is  offered  more  especially 
to  architects  and  to  those  who  are  anxious 
to  study  details  for  instruction  ;  and  on 
this  point  we  cannot  repress  some  inti- 
mation of  regret  that  Mr.  Wickes  has  not 
further  facilitated  such  researches  by  in- 
serting internal  sections  of  some  of  the 
most  remarkable  examples  of  the  mcdiseval 
principles  of  construction.  His  external 
views  are  truly  admirable  ;  and,  so  far  as 
they  are  calculated  to  educate  the  eye  in 
Gent.  Mag,  Vol.  XLI. 


the  beauties  of  outline  and  contour,  they 
cannot  fail  of  producing  a  beneficial  effect 
on  the  taste  of  ecclesiastical  architects. 
It  was  especially  in  the  stone  countries  of 
Northamptonshire,  Lincolnshire,  and  Ox- 
fordshire that  the  mediaeval  Spires  attained 
their  exquisite  perfection.  In  the  present 
day  they  are  arising  thickly  upon  the  clay 
of  Middlesex  and  amidst  the  humble  cam- 
paniles of  Surrey  and  Sussex,  and  indeed 
wherever  a  railway  can  bring  the  material. 
One  of  the  most  beautiful  of  modem  spires 
has  been  erected  with  stone  brought  from 
Bath  near  the  railway  station  at  Ealing. 
The  more  liberal  spirit  that  has  arisen  in 
recent  years  in  the  erection  of  the  superior 
class  of  churches  has  made  the  Spire  a 
decidedly  favourite  feature,  and  therefore 
Mr.  Wickes's  work  is  exceedingly  well 
timed.^  He  has  classed  his  examples  under 
the  three  chronological  heads  of  Early- 
English,  1200—1272;  Decorated,  1272— 
1377;  and  Perpendicular,  1377—1546. 
Of  the  Early-English  we  have  five  speci- 
mens, of  which,  however,  two  only  belong 
entirely  to  this  period,  Witney,  and  Sutton, 
CO.  Northampton.  The  three  others  are 
Early- English  only  so  far  as  the  towers 
are  concerned,  the  spires  belonging  to  the 
second  period.  They  are  St.  Mary's  at 
Stamford,  and  Raunds  and  Ketton,  both 
in  Northamptonshire,  of  which  the  second 
is  the  most  remarkable  for  the  harmony  of 
its  design.  Of  the  Decorated  style  thir- 
teen further  examples  are  given ;  among 
which  are  the  Cathedrals  of  Lichfield, 
Salisbury,  and  Peterborough,  St.  Mary  at 
Oxford,  St.  Mary  Redcliffe  at  Bristol,  and, 
scarcely  inferior  to  these  in  beauty,  St. 
Wolfran's  at  Grantham  ;  to  which  may  be 
added,  as  favourable  specimens  of  a  sim- 
pler style,  Bloxham  and  Oakham,  while 
Lostwithiel  is  remarkable  on  account  of 
its  peculiarity.  The  specimens  of  the 
Perpendicular  style  are  twenty-three  in 
number ;  the  most  beautiful  of  them  being 
Oundle,  Rushton,  and  King's  Sutton,  all 
in  Northamptonshire,  and  St.  Michael's 
at  Coventry,  while  Kenstone,  Wallcott, 
and  Oakham  commend  themselves  by  their 
simplicity;  All  Saints'  Stamford,  St. 
James's  at  Louth,  and  Moulton,  co.  Lin- 
coln, by  the  exquisite  style  of  their  deco- 
rations ;  and  Patrington,  St.  Nicholas' 
at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Graffham,  co. 
Huntingdon,  and  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 
at  Exeter,  by  peculiarities  of  structure. 
These  various  specimens  of  style  suffi- 
ciently establish  the  author's  judgment  in 
the  selection  of  his  subjects.  His  intro- 
ductory remarks  present  a  rapid  but  highly 
interesting  sketch  of  the  history  of  medi- 
aeval Church  architecture ;  and  are  to  be 
followed  in  the  second  volume  by  a  more 
complete  essay  on  steeple  architecture. 

2P 


290 


MUeellaneom  Bev%ew$. 


[March, 


1.  An  AppendUf  to  the  Lecture  on  Coh' 
ehetter  Ctutle,  together  with  a  Reply  to 
the  Animadvereione  qf  the  Rev.  E.  L, 
Cutte.  By  the  Rev.  Henry  Jenkins,  B,D. 
Rector  qf  Stanway^  Beeex,  890.  pp,  47. — 
2.  Colchester  Caetle  not  a  Roman  Temple: 
being  a  Review  of  **  A  lecture  on  CoU 
cheater  Castle^  by  (he  Rev.  H.  Jenkine, 
B.D.  :'*  reprinted f  with  addilione,  from 
the  Eeeex  and  West  St^folk  Gazette  of 
Jan.  1th  and  Sept.  9M  1853.  To  which 
is  added  an  Appendix.  By  the  Rev. 
Edward  L.  Cutts,  B.A.  Honorary  SecrC' 
tary  qf  the  Essex  Archesological  Society. 
8t;o.  pp.  39. — It  is  a  twelvemonth  since 
we  noticed  Mr.  Jenkins's  Lecture,  in  our 
Magazine  for  Feb.  1853,' p.  180.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  answered  once  and 
again  by  Mr.  Cutts  in  the  columns  of  a 
local  paper,  and  now  we  have  the  whole 
controversy  before  us  in  the  pamphlets 
above  described.  It  is  one  which  we  can- 
not but  regard  with  listonishment  in  our 
present  advanced  state  of  architectural 
knowledge,  but  it  will  not  be  without  its 
use  in  the  learned  information  it  has  drawn 
forth,  we  may  say  from  both  combatants, 
though  we  must  award  to  Mr.  Cutts  the 
the  merit  of  having  used  bis  weapons  to 
the  better  purpose.  Mr.  Jenkins  has 
relied  too  implicitly  on  the  dicta  of  anti- 
quaries of  a  bye-gone  generation — the  men 
of  the  **  ingenious  hypothesis**  and"  happy 
conjecture,''  who  appealed  more  to  books 
than  to  things,  and  to  authorities  rather 
than  facts,  just  reversing  the  independent 
maxim  of  Juvenal,  the  motto  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  London,  and  of  all  true  Bacon- 
ian philosopers, 

Nullius  in  verba. 

To  appeal  to  the  great  names  of  Roy,  and 
King,  and  Stukeley,  is,  as  Mr.  Cutts  has 
well  remarked,  tantamount  to  preferring 
the  conclusions  of  Ptolemy  to  those  of 
Newton,  or  of  Paracelsus  to  Faraday. 
The  theory  of  General  Roy,  here  adopted 
by  Mr.  Jenkins,  is,  it  will  be  recollected, 
that  Colchester  Castle  is  the  identical 
Temple  which,  according  to  Tacitus,  was 
erected  by  the  colonists  of  Camulodunum 
in  honour  of  their  deified  Emperor  Clau- 
dius. Mr.  Jenkins  conjectures  that  it  was 
subsequently  converted  into  a  castle  by 
the  Ropoans ;  then  became  the  cathedral 
church  of  the  earliest  bishops  of  Colches- 
^r;  and  lastly  was  converted  into  a  Norman 
pastle.  The  arguments  employed  in  sup- 
porting this  theory  are  to  the  effect  that 
the  materials  of  the  building  and  its  mode 
of  construction  are  Roman,  that  its  plan 
and  general  features  are  different  from 
those  of  a  Norman  keep,  and  that  the  part 
usually  called  the  Chapel  corresponds  with 
the  ordinary  plan  of  a  Roman  temple, — 
the  remaining  portions  of  the  structure 


being  appropriated  as  priests*  lodgings, 
guard-towers,  &c.  Mr.  Cutts,  in  reply, 
has  triumphantly  proved  that,  whilst  its 
materials  are  in  great  measure  Roman,  its 
construction  is  essentially  Norman,  bear- 
ing a  striking  resemblance  to  many  other 
Norman  castles,  and  particularly  to  the 
"White  Tower  of  the  Tower  of  London ; 
whereas  the  similarity  to  a  Roman  temple 
is  perfectly  visionary  and  fantasticaL  The 
only  circumstance  that  has  given  the  castle 
of  Colchester  a  different  appearance  from 
those  of  Hedingham,  Rochester,  Norwich, 
Newcastle,  and  many  more  of  the  same 
Norman  sera,  is  that  of  its  upper  story  hav- 
ing been  removed  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 
The  former  existence  of  this  is  amply 
proved,  not  merely  by  the  analogy  of  o^er 
buildings  of  the  kind,  but  by  the  actual  re- 
main of  a  portion  of  the  west  wall,  forming 
tiie  jamb  of  a  window,  and  shewing  the  turn- 
ing of  a  window-arch  of  the  second  story, 
adjoining  the  north-west  tower.  Of  this 
Mr.  Cutts  has  given  an  etching,  and  he 
has  also  placed  in  juxta-position  the  plans 
of  1.  the  ground-floors  of  the  White 
Tower  of  London  and  of  Colchester  Castle ; 
2.  their  first  floors;  and  3.  their  second 
floors — having,  by  investigation  within 
the  present  roof  of  Colchester  Castle,  reco- 
vered a  good  part  of  the  plan  of  that  story. 
In  the  position  of  the  chapel,  with  its  pro- 

i'ecting  semi-circular  end,  the  castles  of 
Liondon  and  Colchester  are  remarkably 
similar ;  and  again  in  having  a  main  wall 
running  across  the  building,  north  and 
south,  from  the  west  end  of  the  chapel, 
and  extending  through  each  floor  of  the 
structure.  Their  great  doors  are  also  in 
the  same  position,  contiguous  to  a  staircase 
in  the  south-western  comer  of  the  struc- 
ture, and  approached  externally  by  a 
straight  staircase.  The  Tower  of  London 
is  said  to  have  been  erected  in  1078.  As 
no  castle  at  Colchester  is  mentioned  in 
Domesday  book,  compiled  in  1085,  and  as 
a  charter  of  William  Rufus,  dated  Christ- 
mas 1091,  grants  "  the  tower  and  castle  of 
Colchester*'  to  his  steward  Eudo,  Mr. 
Cutts  concludes  that  Colchester  Castle  was 
built  between  those  two  dates :  but  whe- 
ther its  age  is  actually  to  be  limited  be- 
tween those  two  dates  or  not,  its  ara  is 
unquestionable.  We  do  not  for  our  parts 
attach  importance  to  the  omission  of  the 
castle  in  Domesday  book  :  for  we  think, 
in  any  case,  there  was  then  probably  some 
castle  at  Colchester,  if  not  this  Norman 
tower  ;  but  Mr.  Jenkins*s  theory  of  adopt- 
ing Godric's  church  (mentioned  in  the 
Domesday  survey)  as  meaning  the  castle 
is  manifestly  absurd.  Mr.  Cutts  shews 
that  the  entry  belongs  to  the  church  of  the 
Holy  Trinity.  With  regard  to  the  Roman 
materials  employed  in  building  the  castle, 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reinews* 


201 


Dr.  Dnnean  of  Colchester  (to  whom  Mr. 
Cutts  is  indebted  for  his  etchings) ,  has 
examined  them  with  attention.  In  a  letter 
addressed  to  the  Essex  Gazette  (Sept.  29), 
he  states  that  he  has  carefally  measured 
some  hundreds  of  tiles  in  the  castle,  in  the 
town  walls,  the  conduit,  St.  Botolph's,  and 
Trinity  tower,  and  he  is  decidedly  of  opi- 
nion that  greater  irregularity  of  tiles  exists 
in  the  casue  than  in  the  other  buildings  of 
the  city.  The  Roman  tiles  are  frequently 
identified  by  portions  still  adhering  to 
them  of  the  peculiar  red  mortar  which  was 
used  at  that  sera,  and  which  is  in  colour 
contrasted  with  the  Norman  mortah  It 
is  not  at  all  improbable,  howeyer,  that  the 
manufacture  of  tiles  or  bricks  of  the 
Roman  form  was  continued  on  the  spot 
for  centuries  after  the  Romans  themseWes 
were  departed,  their  manufacture  having 
been  more  prevalent  in  mediaeval  times 
than  has  been  generally  supposed,  and 
never  wholly  abandoned  in  places  where 
they  were  required  from  theabsence  of  stone. 
Lastly,  as  to  what  has  been  observed  be- 
neath the  soil,  we  need  scarcely  remind 
our  readers  how  abundantly  Roman  re- 
mains exist  throughout  the  site  of  Colches- 
ter, and  that  it  is  but  natural  that  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  the  castle  should  have 
its  share.  It  appears  not  improbable  that 
some  Roman  building  stood  on  the  spot, 
as  foundations  apparently  Roman  have 
been  traced ;  but  they  were  evidently 
treated  with  contempt  by  the  Norman 
architects,  whose  walls  cross  them  ob- 
liquely, as  shown  in  Mr.  Jenkins's  own 
plan.  It  may  possibly  have  been  the  tem- 
ple of  Claudius;  but  nothing  has  occurred 
to  shew  that  it  was  more  than  an  ordinary 
villa,  which  had  been  destroyed  centuries 
before  the  castle  was  built. 

Mr.  Cutts^  Appendix  consists  of  a  cir- 
cumstantial survey  of  the  Castle,  which 
will  be  acceptable  as  a  guide  in  visiting  its 
remains. 


The  Annotated  Edition  of  the 
English  Poets.  Edited  by  Robert  Bell, 
Author  of  The  History  of  Russia,  Lives  qf 
the  English  Poets,  8fc,  {To  be  published 
in  Monthly  Volumes.)  Poetical  Works  of 
John  Dryden,  in  Two  Volumes. — Poetical 
Works  (if  Henry  Howard  Earl  qf  Surrey, 
Minor  Contemporary  Poets,  and  Thomas 
*  SackviUe,Lord  Buckhurst.  12mo.  (J.W. 
Parker.) — Annotated  editions  have  grown 
somewhat  into  disfavour,  and  not  without 
reason  :  for  when  annotators  overload  their 
author,  either  with  impertinent  and  tedious 
commentaries,  or  with  histories  and  bio- 
graphies where  mere  explanations  are 
required,  or  with  centoes  of  verbal  criti- 
cism, or,  worse  than  all,  with  prolonged 
contradictions  of  their  predecessors;  bear- 


ing little  if  any  relation  to  the  author*! 
text,  then  it  is  no  wonder  if  the  reader  is 
tired  and  disgusted.  On  the  other  hand, 
nothing  is  more  certain  than  this,  that  our 
older  poets  can  neither  be  appreciated  nor 
even  understood  without  some  notes :  and 
we  will  venture  to  say  that  explanatory 
notes  can  scarcely  be  too  numerous, 
though  they  may  easily  be  too  long.  Even 
when  not  aosolutely  required  by  the  majo- 
rity of  readers,  they  may  be  pardoned, 
when  short  and  correct  The  Editor  of 
the  Collection  of  Poets,  the  commence- 
ment of  which  we  now  notice,  proposes 
that  it  shall  be  characterised  by  the  com* 
pleteness  of  its  notes,  biographical,  critical, 
and  historical.  He  enters  upon  his  task 
in  an  historical  spirit,  with  the  evident  aim 
of  instructing  as  well  as  pleasing  the  lover 
of  English  Poetry :  hayine  adopted  for  his 
motto  some  right-minded  sentiments  of 
Sir  James  Stephen,  which  set  forth  how 
that  our  national  poets  are  the  greatest  and 
the  best  commentators  on  our  history, 
"  and  often  throw  more  rich  and  brilliant 
colours,  and  sometimes  even  more  clear 
and  steady  lights,  on  the  times  and  doings 
of  our  forefathers,  than  are  to  be  gathered 
out  of  all  the  chroniclers  together,  (torn 
the  Venerable  Bede  to  the  Philosophical 
Hume."  Mr.  Bell  promises  also  to  en- 
hance the  value  of  his  edition  by  a  scrupu* 
lous  collation  of  its  text.  It  is  further  to 
be  distinguished  from  preceding  collective 
editions  by  including  the  works  of  several 
poets  which  have  been  entirely  omitted 
from  them,  "  especially  those  stores  of 
Lyrical  and  Ballad  Poetry  in  which  our 
literature  is  richer  than  that  of  any  other 
country,  and  which,  independently  of  their 
poetical  claims,  are  peculiarly  interesting  as 
illustrations  of  historical  events  and  national 
customs."  This  object  is  to  be  effected, 
in  part,  by  the  publication  of  occasional 
volumes,  which  will  contain,  "  according 
to  circumstances,  poetry  of  a  particular 
class  or  period ;  collections  illustrative  of 
customs,  manners,  and  historical  events ; 
or  specimens,  with  critical  annotations,  of 
the  Minor  Poets."  These  volumes  will 
be  complete  in  themselves,  as  will  be  the 
works  of  the  principal  Poets.  An  Intro- 
ductory Volume  will  be  devoted  to  the 
early  history  of  English  Poetry ;  whilst  in 
regard  to  the  Lives  of  the  Poets,  we  con- 
clude, judging  from  the  examples  before 
us,  that  it  is  Mr.  Bell's  intention  to  make 
them  both  full  and  satisfactory.  It  is  true 
that,  in  the  cases  both  of  Surrey  and  Dry- 
den,  he  has  tiiie  advantage  to  follow  in  the 
wake  of  very  painstaking  predecessors,  who 
have  devoted  much  time  and  labour  to 
their  researches;  but  we  rely  upon  his 
efforts  to  make  his  future  biographies  of 
correspondent  quality,  as  well  by  the  ac« 


292 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[March, 


quisition  of  new  materials  as  by  the  dae  em- 
ployment of  such  as  have  been  gathered  by 
the  assiduity  of  previous  inquirers. 

The  poetry  of  Henry  Howard  Earl  of 
Surrey  is  more  remarkable  for  some  fine 
passages  than  its  general  attractiveness. 
Its  **  Beauties  "  might  be  comprised  in  a 
very  few  pages  indeed.  But  it  is  impos- 
sible not  to  perceive  its  important  effects 
in  the  developement  of  English  poetry* 
when  we  read  how  exceedingly  popular  it 
was  in  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  bow  much  it  modelled  the  style  of  his 
successors.  **  The  influence  (remarks 
Mr.  Bell,  which)  Surrey  exercised  over 
English  poetry  cannot  be  estimated  by  the 
extent  of  his  contributions,  or  by  their  re- 
ception in  our  times.  He  founded  a  new 
era  in  versification,  purified  and  strength- 
ened our  poetical  diction,  and,  carefully 
shunning  the  vices  of  his  predecessors,  set 
the  example  of  a  style  in  which,  for  the 
first  time,  verbal  pedantry  and  fantastical 
devices  were  wholly  ignored.  He  was  also 
the  first  writer  of  English  blank  verse,  and 
the  first  English  poet  who  understood  and 
exemplified  the  art  of  translation.  It  is 
strictly  true,  as  Mr.  Hallam  observes,  that 
'  the  taste  of  this  accomplished  man  is 
more  striking  than  his  genius  ;*  but  it 
should  be  remembered  that  it  is  to  this 
very  circumstance  we  are  indebted  to  him 
for  the  services  he  rendered  to  our  poetical 
literature.*' 

Mr.  Bell  has  wholly  rejected  the  fan- 
tastic notion  of  Dr.  Nott  that  all  Surrey's 
love  poems — a  description  which  com- 
prises nearly  the  whole  of  his  smaller 
pieces — have  reference  to  his  passion  for 
"the  fair  Geraldine."  the  exiled  daughter 
of  the  Earl  of  Kildare.  The  poet's  sonnet 
specially  descriptive  of  that  young  lady  is 
well  known;  and  there  is  one  other  in 
which  he  addresses  her  by  her  Anglicised 
surname  of  Garrett ;  but  the  utmost  in- 
genuity  of  the  most  attentive  reader  has 
been  unable  to  gather  from  any  of  the 
other  poems  a  single  positive  fact  identify- 
ing the  party  to  whom  they  are  addressed. 
From  their  deficiency  of  personal  allusions 
they  afford  (as  Mr.  Bell  remarks)  no 
means  of  determining  whether  they  repre- 
sent a  constant  passion,  or  a  succession  of  ' 
passing  impressions,  or  whether  they  were 
not  for  the  most  part  studies  of  love  or 
exercises  of  a  poetical  gallantry.  Mr.  Bell 
inclines  to  the  latter  view,  whilst  one  or 
two  of  them,  as  he  thinks,  are  distinct  in 
their  relation  to  the  legitimate  object  of 
the  Poet's  affections,  the  Countess  of 
Surrey.  He  refers  particularly  to  two 
poems  which  were  composed  at  sea  when 
the  Earl  was  crossing  over  to  France.  It 
is  our  impression  that  several  of  the  other 
poems  were  written  during  another  period 


of  leisure,  namely  that  which  was  forced 
upon  the  writer  by  his  imprisonment  at 
Windsor — which  place  is  mentioned  in  at 
least  three  pieces ;  and  we  think  that  in 
those  poems  the  fair  Geraldine  was  his  lady- 
love. At  any  event,  Mr.  Bell  has  done 
quite  right  in  restoring  the  whole  collection 
to  the  order  it  had  in  the  early  editions, 
which  may  at  least  imply  some  connection 
in  respect  to  the  time  of  their  composition, 
as  their  sequence  in  the  author's  manu- 
script may  very  probably  still  be  pre- 
served; whereas  that  formed  by  Dr.  Nott 
was  entirely  fictitious  and  fantastical,  in- 
vented to  support  his  own  romance  of 
Surrey  and  Geraldine. 

In  his  Life  qf  Dryden  Mr.  Bell  comes 
after  three  able  and  diligent  predecessors, 
Johnson,  Malone,  and  Sir  Walter  Scott : 
yet  he  has  not  cultivated  the  field  in  vain, 
nor  without  more  than  a  gleaning  of  new 
and  interesting  materials.  For  most  of 
these  he  is  indebted  to  Sir  Henry  Dryden 
the  present  representative  of  the  family, 
to  Mr.  Beville  Dryden,  and  to  Sir  Thomas 
Phillipps  of  Middlehill.  The  communica- 
tions of  the  last  are  of  most  value.  They 
consist  of  five  inedited  letters  of  the  Poet, 
written  to  his  friend  William  Walsh 
esquire,  of  Abberley  in  Worcestershire, 
forming  part  of  a  series  of  sixteen,  of  which 
the  other  eleven  were  published  by  Malone 
in  Dryden's  Miscellaneous  Prose  Works. 
In  his  first  letter  Dryden  addressed  this 
gentleman,  who  was  more  than  thirty  yean 
his  junior,  with  absurd  flattery  and  ser- 
vility. In  those  days,  it  is  true,  the  same 
want  of  truth  which  still  attaches  to  the 
concluding  formula  of  "Your  obedient 
humble  servant "  was  not  unfrequently  the 
pervading  spirit  of  an  entire  complimentary 
epistle ;  it  is  necessary  to  bear  this  circum- 
stance fully  in  mind  to  be  able  to  credit 
the  reality  of  such  a  production  as  the 
following : — 

**My  deare  Patron, — Nothing  con'd 
please  me  better  than  to  know  you  as  well 
by  the  endowments  of  your  mind  as  by 
those  of  your  person.  I  knew  before  thia 
discovery  that  you  were  ingenious,  but  not 
that  you  were  a  Poet,  and  one  of  the  best 
that  these  times  produce,  or  the  succeed- 
ing times  can  expect.  Give  me  leave  not 
onely  to  honour  but  to  love  you ;  and  I 
shall  endeavour  on  my  part  to  make  more 
advances  to  you  than  you  have  made  to 
me,  who  are  both  by  gratitude  and  by  in- 
clination Your  most  faithfull  humble  Ser- 
vant, John  Dryden.*' 
>!  The  other  letters  to  this  correspondent 
are,  however,  in  a  totally  different  strain. 
They  are  composed  in  terms  of  familiar 
friendship,  and  are  filled  with  news,  both 
political  and  literary.  We  take  a  few  paaa- 
ages  from  one  which  was  written  wbikt 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


2dd 


Dryden  wm  engaged  on  his  last  (and  un- 
successful) play,  "  LoTe  Triumpliant  :'* 

''  Dorfey  has  brought  another  farce  upon 
the  stage :  but  his  luck  has  left  him  :  it 
was  suffered  but  four  days,  and  then  kicked 
off  for  eTer.  Yet  his  second  act  was  wonder- 
fully diverting,  where  the  scene  was  in 
Bedlam,  and  Mrs.  Bracegirdle  and  Solon 
were  mad ;  the  singing  was  wonderfully 
good,  and  the  two  whom  I  have  named 
sung  better  than  Redding  and  Mrs.  Ayloff, 
whose  trade  it  was, — at  least  our  partiality 
carried  it  for  them.  The  rest  was  woefid 
stuff,  and  concluded  with  catcalls ;  of  which 
the  two  noble  Dukes  of  Richmond  and 
St.  Alban's  were  chief  managers. 

(These  noble  leaders  of  the  catcalls  were 
two  of  the  natural  sons  of  King  Charles 
the  Second.  Could  not  Mr.  Bell  have  told 
us  the  name  of  Durfey's  farce  ?) 

**  The  play  I  am  now  writing  is  a  feigned 
story,  and  a  tragicomedy,  of  the  name  of 
The  Spanish  Fryer;  and  I  am  sure  the 
tale  of  it  is  likely  to  be  diverting  enough. 
I  have  plotted  it  all,  and  written  two  acts 
of  it  This  morning  I  had  their  chief  co- 
median, whom  they  call  Solon,  with  me, 
to  consult  with  him  concerning  his  own 
character:  and  truly  I  think  he  has  the 
best  understanding  of  any  man  in  the  Play- 
house. 

"  Mr.  Wycherley's  Poems  will  not  come 
out  till  Michaelmas  term.  If  his  versifica- 
tion prove  as  well  as  his  wit  I  shall  believe 
it  will  be  extraordinary.  However,  Con- 
greve  and  Southern  and  I  shall  not  fail  to 
appear  before  it,  and  if  you  will  come  in 
he  will  have  reason  to  acknowledge  it  as  a 
favour,  and  on  our  sides  you  shall  be  very 
welcome  to  makeup  the  mess." 

There  is  a  hearty  good-fellowship  in  this 
co-operation  of  the  poets,  in  order  to  re- 
commend to  the  world  a  new-comer,  which 
is  creditable  to  the  fraternity,  and  to  its 
Teteran  exponent, the  honest  and  "glorious 
John."  jflis  next  letter  thus  announces 
his  greatest  poetical  enterprise  : — 

*'  I  have  undertaken  to  translate  all 
Virgil,  and  as  an  essay  have  already  para- 
phrased the  Third  Gcorgic  as  an  example. 
It  will  be  published  in  Tonson's  next 
Miscellanies,  in  Hilary  term.  I  propose 
to  do  it  by  subscription,  having  an  hundred 
and  two  brass  cutts  (nc),  with  the  coat  of 
arms  of  the  subscriber  to  each  cutt ;  every 
subscriber  to  pay  five  guineys,  half  in 
hand  ;  besides  another  inferior  subscrip- 
tion of  two  guineys  for  the  rest,  whose 
names  are  only  written  in  a  catalogue, 
printed  with  the  book." 

Besides  these  letters,  Mr.  Bell  has  ac- 
quired two  documents  of  some  importance 
relative  to  the  biography  of  Dryden.  The 
one  has  reference  to  his  marriage,  and  the 
other  to  his  pensions  :  but  both  of  these 


rather  suggest  than  dispense  with  further 
inquiry.  The  former,  which  is  Dryden's 
marriage-licence,  granted  in  the  office  of 
the  Vicar-general  of  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  on  the  last  day  of  Nov.  1663, 
declares  that  Dame  Elizabeth  Howard  in- 
tended to  marry  "  with  the  consent  of  her 
father  Thomas  Earle  of  Berkes,^'  a  fact 
which  former  biographers  have  doubted : 
but  it  does  not  explain  why,  she  being  a 
parishioner  of  St.  Martinis  in  the  Fields, 
and  Dryden  of  St.  Clement  Danes,  the 
wedding  should  have  been  celebrated  in 
the  church  of  St.  Swithen's  by  London 
Stone.  The  licence  was  obtained  only  the 
day  before  the  marriage.  There  is  still, 
therefore,  some  suspicion  upon  the  publi- 
city of  this  marriage. 

With  respect  to  Dryden's  pension  Mr. 
Bell  has  recovered  an  imperfect  Treasury 
warrant,  dated  May  6,  1684,  directing  the 
payment  of  50/.  for  one  quarter  of  bis 
pension  of  300/.  due  at  Midsummer  1680, 
and  of  25/.  for  one  quarter  of  his  addi- 
tional annuity  of  100/.  due  at  Lady-day 
in  the  same  year.  Mr.  Bell  has  in  some 
degree  misunderstood  this  document,  when 
he  states  that  it  shows  that  Dryden's  ad- 
ditional pension  was  "  directed  to  take 
effect  from  the  quarter  ending  at  Lady- 
day,  1680  ; "  inasmuch  as  it  proves,  at 
least,  that  this  addition  to  his  income  was 
granted  at  some  prior  date,  a  quarter  being 
actually  "  due  at  Lady-day,  1680."  The 
document  therefore  does  not  appear  to 
have  that  relation  to  Dryden's  conversion 
to  the  Church  of  Rome  which  Mr.  Bell  is 
inclined  to  ascribe  to  it :  nor  can  it  be  posi- 
tively connected  with  Dryden's  appeal  to 
Lord  Rochester,  which  Malone  supposed 
to  have  been  written  in  August  1683.  It 
may  not  have  been  the  first  quarterly 
order  of  the  kind :  and  possibly  some  other 
of  those  sibylline  leaves,  the  mutilated 
Exchequer  papers,  may  still  throw  further 
light  upon  this  question. 

The  Complete  Workt,  Poetry  and  Proses 
of  the  Rev,  Edward  Youngs  LL.D.  for- 
merly Rector  tf  Welwytiy  Hertfordshire , 
fifc.  revised  and  collated  with  the  earliest 
editions.  To  which  it  prefixed  a  Ljfe  qf 
the  Author,  by  John  Doran,  LL,D,  In 
two  volumeif  12mo.  (Teyg.) — Mr.  Bell's 
task  on  one  of  the  most  popular  poets  of 
the  last  century  is,  we  may  say,  antici- 
pated in  the  very  complete  and  careful 
edition  of  Young  which  is  now  before  us. 
The  work  of  its  editorial  revision  has  been 
zealously  performed  by  the  printer,  Mr. 
James  Nichols,  of  Hoxton- square,  who 
has  prefixed  a  preface,  containing  some 
very  interesting  bibliographical  particulars, 
especially  in  regard  to  the  various  editions 
of  Dr.  Young's  most  celebrated  work,  the 


294 


Miscellaneous  ttemews. 


[Marck, 


Night  Thoughts.  For  his  own  text  he  has 
preferred  that  of  the  edition  of  1762,  which 
had  the  benefit  of  the  author^s  final  emen- 
dations. Having  placed,  in  sequence  to 
the  Night  Thoughts,  the  author^s  Para- 
phrase of  Job  and  his  Poem  on  the  Last 
Day,  the  editor  gives  Young's  o&er  writ- 
ings in  strictly  chronological  order  :  intro- 
ducing, in  their  proper  places,  all  the 
pieces  which,  after  Dr.  Young  had  himself 
made  a  selection  (in  four  volumes,  1762), 
were  afterwards  brought  together  in  a  fifth 
volume  in  1767,  and  a  sixth  in  1778.  Mr. 
Nichols  has  also  assembled  a  series  of  let- 
ters written  by  Young,  and  some  of  them 
at  an  earlier  period  than  any  before  pub- 
lished. These  are  addressed  to  Mr.  John 
Williams,  who  was  afterwards  secretary 
and  son-in-law  of  Richard  West,  Lord 
Chancellor  of  Ireland,  but  who  was  at 
the  time  (in  1 739)  travelling  on  the  conti- 
nent, in  charge  of  some  young  gentlemen 
of  quality.  These  letters  are  more  cha- 
racterised by  a  frivolous  levity  than  any 
more  valuable  ingredient :  but  they  supply 
at  least  testimony  for  which  the  poet's 
biographers  were  at  some  loss,  that  he  had 
himself  travelled  abroad  in  early  life.  He 
says  that  when  at  Nice,  '*  I  contracted  a 
great  intimacy  with  the  Mediterranean, 
Every  day  I  made  him  a  solemn  visit.  He 
roared  very  agreeably.  ...  If  you  visit 
my  quondam  habitation,  you  will  pass  a 
solemn  assembly  of  cypresses.  I  have 
great  regard  for  their  memory  and  welfare; 
they  took  up  my  quarrel  against  the  sun, 
and  often  defended  me  from  his  insults, 
when  he  was  much  more  furious  than  you 
now  represent  him."  Mr.  Nichols,  how- 
ever, mentions  another  circumstance  which 
may  make  Mr.  Bell  prick  up  his  ears  :  he 
states  that  Dr.  Young's  directions  for  the 
posthumous  destruction  of  his  papers,  were 
not  carried  into  effect ;  "  that  they  are  still 
in  existence  in  his  son's  family,  and  may 
ere  long  be  given  to  the  world,  are  subjects 
of  common  belief  in  literary  circles.'" 

Dr.  Doran  has  performed  the  task  of 
delineating  the  life  of  Young  with  his 
wonted  vivacity  and  variety  of  illustration. 
Few  literary  biographies  have  taken  so 
agreeable  a  form.  Dr.  Doran  is  not,  how- 
ever, one  of  those  writers  who  unavoidably 
become  enamoured  of  their  subject.  He 
is  perhaps* rather  severe,  than  otherwise, 
on  Dr.  Young's  personal  frailties  and  in- 
consistencies ;  and  very  impartially  critical 
on  his  literary  productions.  The  leading 
points  of  his  remarks  on  the  Night 
Thoughts  are  as  follow  :  **  Although  some 
have  called  its  sublimity  'fustian,'  and  its 
melancholy  artificial,  its  combinations  gro- 
tesque, its  phraseology  involved,  and  its 
reasoning  sometimes  confused,  it  stands, 
on  the  whole,  as  a  monument  of  the  inex- 


haustible wit  (in  the  proper  sense  of  the 
word)  and  genius  of  the  author.  Its  moral 
is  expressly  directed  against  that  of  Pope 
in  his  Essay  on  Man,  wherein  the  world 
was  taught  to  be  content  with  the  present, 
without  troubling  itself  about  the  here- 
after. A  great  portion  of  Pope's  poem 
consists  merely  of  a  versified  translation  of 
Pascal's  Thoughts  and  Maxims ;  but  the 
sentiments  of  Young  are,  with  one  or  two 
exceptions,  entirely  original.  Too  many 
of  the  similes  are  drawn  from  the  play- 
house and  the  stage;  from  the  actors, 
dressed  and  undressed ;  even  Death  him- 
self, on  one  occasion,  appears  as  a  door- 
keeper. .  .  .  The  majestic  melancholy 
that  reigns  throughout  the  poem  is  too 
often  interrupted  by  trivial,  satirical,  or 
sarcastic  passages,  to  admit  of  our  belief 
that  the  author  was  much  in  love  with  the 
sadness  he  commends.  ...  It  is  a  fact, 
however,  that  Young  made  melancholy 
<  modish.'  Young  gentlemen  could,  like 
Prince  Arthur,  become  sad  as  night,  oat 
of  mere  wantonness.  His  poem  is  said  to 
have  induced  physicians  to  prohibit  deli- 
cate patients  from  perusing  it.  Beattie, 
writing  to  the  Duchess  of  Gordon,  trusts 
that  her  Grace  will  not  think  of  reading  so 
dull  a  book  '  as  Young's  Night  Thoughts.* 
The  grave  gentleman  gallantly  protests 
that  the  lady  is  far  too  bright  for  such  sad 
themes  ;  that  the  author  only  intoxicates 
people,  and  that  intoxication  of  any  sort 
is  prejudicial  to  health.  He  asserts,  more- 
over, that  the  poet  was  himself  too  wise  to 
be  sad,  and  that,  when  he  commended 
mournful  meditations,  he  was  himself  as 
gay  as  it  was  his  wont  to  be.  '  Believe 
me,'  he  adds, 

'  Believe  me,  the  shepherd  but  feigns ; 
He's  wretched  to  show  he  has  wit.' 

There  is,  no  doubt,  some  truth  in  this.'' 

To  Young's  Satires  Dr.  Doran  awards 
more  unequivocal  praise.  He  remarks 
that  "  The  Satires  will  live  for  ever,  be- 
cause, in  description,  they  are  true  reflexes 
of  the  times,  and  in  sentiment  applicable 
to  all  other  ages;  individual  in  aUusiont 
yet  general  in  application.  ...  In  Gold- 
smith's time  these  Satires  had  fallen  below 
their  originally  great  reputation.  They 
mprit,  however,  complete  restoration  to 
public  favour.  In  spite  of  some  uncouth 
rhymes  and  awkward  phrases,  they  con- 
tain lines  of  great  elegance,  wit  sparkling 
and  rapid,  ease  of  expression,  indisputable 
common  sense,  and  an  endless  good-nature 
even  when  the  scourge  is  being  most 
lustily  applied."  In  one  trifling  point  of 
Young's  biography  we  suspect  that  Dr. 
Doran  has  been  embarrassed  in  a  vray 
which  is  not  unusual  with  those  who  & 
keep  themselves  constantly  alive  to  so 


1854.] 


Miscellaneow  Reviewt, 


296 


frequent  a  cause  of  error.  On  the  24th 
of  March,  1719,  the  Duke  of  Wharton 
grafted  to  Young  an  annuity  of  100/., 
stating  in  the  bond  "  that  the  public  good 
is  advanced  by  the  encouragement  of  learn- 
ing and  the  polite  arts,  and  that  his  Grace 
had  derived  pleasure  from  Dr.  Young's 
attempts  therein ;"  upon  which  the  bio- 
grapher  remarks  that  he  does  not  see  how 
that  could  well  be,  inasmuch  as  Young 
did  not  take  his  degree  of  "Dr.''  until 
the  10th  of  June  in  the  same  year,  and  he 
adds,  that  "the  degree  may  have  been 
assumed  by  anticipation,  or  by  some  aca- 
demical usage  to  me  unknown.''  But  any 
such  mysterious  explanation  is  rendered 
unnecessary  when  we  recollect  that  the 
24th  of  March  was  then  the  last  day  of 
the  year. 


TAe  Poetical  Works  qf  John  Dryden, 
With  Illustrations  by  John  Franklin. 
12mo.  (Routledge), — This  is  a  portion  of 
another  series  of  the  Poets,  now  in  course 
of  publication.  To  those  who  are  content 
with  a  non-annotated  edition,  but  which 
is  recommended  by  a  clear  print  and  good 
paper,  and  moreover  by  excellent  illustra- 
tive designs,  which  are  as  ably  engraved 
by  Mr.  Dalziel  as  they  are  designed  by 
Mr.  Franklin,  we  can  conscientiously  in- 
troduce Messrs.  Routledge's  edition.  The 
works  of  Chaucer,  Spenser,  Milton,  Dry- 
den, Pope,  Thomson,  and  Beattie,  have 
already  appeared  in  this  series  :  and  Mr. 
Robert  Aris  Willmott  is  engaged  to  super- 
intend those  whieh  are  to  follow. 


The  Pictorial  Book  of  Ancient  Ballad 
Poetry  qf  Great  Britain^  Historical ^  TVa- 
diiional,  and  Romantic^  to  which  are 
added  A  Selection  qf  Modem  Imitations 
and  some  Translations,  Edited  6y  J.  S. 
Moore,  esq,  A  New  Edition,  (Wash- 
bourne.)  8vo. — This  collection  presents, 
in  a  comprehensive  and  attractive  form, 
a  greater  body  of  our  popular  ballads  than 
can  be  elsewhere  so  readily  met  with.  The 
ancient  ballads  are  the  best  from  those 
assembled  by  Percy,  Ritson,  £vans,  Scott, 
Jamieson,  Buchan,  and  others,  as  well  as 
some  more  recently  edited  by  the  Percy 
Society :  the  modern  imitations  are  from 
the  pens  of  Scott,  Southey,  Coleridge, 
Taylor,  Percy,  Chatterton,  &c.  The  latter 
division  forms  a  second  volume,  or  other- 
wise, as  the  owner  of  the  book  may  prefer. 
The  present  edition  is  improved  by  a  more 
correctly  chronological  arrangement  of  the 
earlier  pieces  ;  it  is  furnished  with  a  glos- 
sary of  obsolete  words,  and  it  is  altogether 
well  adapted  for  popular  use. 


J%e  Song  qfjlolandt  as  chanted  btfore 
the  Battle  qf  Bastings,  by  the  Minstrel 
Taillefer,  Translated  by  the  Author  of 
"Emilia  Wyndham.''  Small  4to.— Amidst 
the  cycle  of  romance  connected  with  the 
feats  of  Charlemagne  and  his  Paladins,  one 
of  the  most  popular  was  the  lay  of  the 
Battle  of  Roncesvalles,  where  Roland  the 
nephew  of  the  great  Emperor,  and  his 
faithful  companion  Olivier,  were  slain  by 
the  infidel  Moors  of  Spain.  The  chro- 
niclers state  that  this  story  was  sung  by 
the  minstrel  Taillefer,  and  repeated  by  the 
Norman  soldiers,  on  the  eve  of  the  battle 
of  Hastings.  In  the  words  of  the  author 
before  us,  "  It  had  become  a  qqestion  of 
considerable  interest  among  antiquaries 
whether  the  identical  song  of  Roland,  as 
chanted  at  the  battle  of  Hastings,  were 
still  in  existence.  At  length  (it  is  added) 
it  has  been  discovered : '' — that  is  to  say, 
a  poem  on  this  subject,  preserved  in  the 
Bodleian  Library,  after  having  been  noticed 
by  Tyrwhitt  in  his  edition  of  Chaucer,  and 
by  the  Abb6  de  la  Rue  in  his  essay  on  the 
Norman  Trouveres,  was  transcribed  under 
the  patronage  of  M.  Guizot,  and  edited 
by  M.  Fr.  Michel,  in  1837.    But  that  this 

{)oem,  consisting  of  aboat  four  thousand 
ines,  was  the  veritable  ballad  **  chanted 
before  the  battle  of  Hastings,"  is  in  the 
first  place  highly  improbable,  from  its 
great  length ;  and,  in  the  next,  it  is  con- 
tradicted by  its  style.  Mr.  Wright  (in  his 
Biographia  Britannica  Literaria,  ii.  120) 
believes  that  its  writer,  Turold,  flourished 
in  England  about  the  time  of  King  Stephen. 
Mr.  Wright,  however,  assigns  to  the  poet 
the  merit  of  describing  battle-scenes  with 
somewhat  of  Homeric  vigour,  and  of  intro- 
ducing pathetic  traits  which  sometimes 
possess  considerable  beauty.  It  appears 
that  ten  years  after  the  original  poem  was 
published  by  M.  Michel,  it  was  translated 
by  M.  G^nin  into  the  French  language  as 
it  existed  in  the  time  of  Amyot,  and  more 
recently  a  modem  version  has  been  given 
by  M.  Yitet,  in  the  Revue  des  Deux 
Mondes.  The  latter,  however,  is  an  abridg- 
ment of  the  original,  and  it  is  from  this 
abridgment  by  M.  Yitet  that  the  English 
translation  before  us  has  been  made.  It 
is  an  edition  de  luxe,  handsomely  printed 
on  fine  paper,  with  red  borders.  We  give 
one  brief  specimen,  the  description  of  the 
court  of  Charles  at  Cordova  : — ''He  is  in 
his  orchard,  and  at  his  side  are  seen  Rolan(|, 
Olivier,  Geoffrey  of  Anjou,  and  many 
others — all  sons  of  sweet  France.  There 
are  fifteen  thousand  of  them  and  more. 
Seated  on  the  silken  stuffs,  they  pass  the 
time  in  play.  The  more  sage  and  aged  at 
the  chess,  the  young  bachelors  lightly  skir- 
mishing among  themselves.  The  Emperor 
is  seated  in  a  golden  chair  under  the  shade 


296 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[March, 


of  an  eglantine  and  a  pine  tree.  His 
beard  is  white  as  the  driven  snow;  bis 
body  is  nobly  shaped  and  framed;  his 
brow  of  majesty.  Whoso  seeketh  him, 
needs  none  to  point  him  oat."  Now,  Mr. 
Wright  has  selected  this  same  passage  as 
a  specimen  from  the  original.  The  trans- 
lation abridges  it,  and  not  to  advantage. 
Thus,  in  the  enumeration  of  the  peers  of 
the  Emperor y  it  says,  **  With  him  were 
Roland  and  Oliver,  Sansun  the  mild,  and 
Anseis  the  fierce,  Geoffrey  of  Anjou  the 
royal  Gonfalonier ;  and  there  were  also 
Warin  and  Geners ;  where  these  were, 
were  also  many  more ;  from  sweet  France 
were  assembled  fifteen  thousand.""  Surely, 
there  is  some  picturesqueness  in  this  that 
has  escaped  "  the  Author  of  Emilia  Wynd- 
ham.''  Moreover,  some  of  the  courtiers 
were  playing  at  tables,  t.  e,  drafts,  others 
at  chess,  which  forms  an  interesting  notice 
of  old  **  sports  and  pastimes."  So  im- 
perfect a  translation  is  by  no  means  satis- 
factory. 


Poetry  qf  the  Anii-Jaeobin :  with  Ex- 
planatory  Notes  by  Charles    Edmonds. 
Second  Edition,  considerably   enlarged, 
12mo. — The  poetry  of  the  Anti- Jacobin  is 
worth  every  one's  perusal  on  two  accounts, 
—as  a  masterpiece  of  wit,  and  as  a  vivid 
mirror  of  political  history.    M  r.  Edmonds's 
former  edition  (which  we  noticed  in  our 
Magazine  for  July  1852)  was  received  with 
so  much  favour,  that  he  has  redoubled  his 
exertions  to  render  the  present  still  more 
complete.     His  excellent  preface  and  his 
continuous  illustrations  raise  this  produc- 
tion into  the  rank  of  an  historical  work. 
The  hints  of  various   contributors  have 
improved  his  notes,  and  he  particularly 
acknowledges  those  of  the  veteran  Sir  Ro- 
bert Adair,  now  the  sole  surviving  hero  of 
the  Anti- Jacobin,  and  one  of  the  writers 
in  its  counterpart,  The  Rolliad.     In  order 
that  the  parodies  may  be  readily  appre- 
ciated, the  Editor  has  placed  their  ori- 
ginals in  juxtaposition  ;  and  he  has  further 
illustrated  the  book  by  six  etchings,  re- 
duced from  the  caricatures  of  James  Gill- 
ray  which  were  originally  designed  to  ac- 
company the  verses.     The  **  Prospectus 
of  the  Anti- Jacobin,  a  Weekly  Examiner,"" 
which  was  written  by  Mr.  Canning,  is  also 
for  the  first  time  prefixed  to  the  collected 
Poetry.    We  cannot  wonder  that  in  the 
present  generation,  whose  taste  for  poli- 
tical satire  is  continually  sharpened  by  its 
favourite  Punch,  the  Poetry  of  the  Anti- 
Jacobin   should  again  be   popular ;    but 
there  is  still  a  deficiency  which,  regarding 
the  book  as  an  historical  one,  we  should 
wish  to  see  supplied  :  it  ought  to  have  an 
Index  of  names. 

9 


J^e  Autobiography  of  William  Jerdtm, 
Sec.  Sfc.  With  his  Literary,  Political,  and 
Social  Reminiscences  and  Correspondence 
during  the  last  fifty  years.  Vol.  IV. — 
With  this  volume,  Mr.  Jerdan  closes  the 
record  of  his  literary  and  social  career,  and 
he  closes  it  with  a  spirit  of  mingled  hope- 
fulness, cheerfulness,  complaint,  and  de- 
spondency, which  leaves  on  the  mind  of 
the  reader  only  a  feeling  of  melancholy. 
It  is  indeed  inspiriting  to  find  an  old 
literary  soldier  like  the  Autiobiographer, 
refusing  to  be  ranked  as  an  emeritus,  and 
declaring  his  power  as  well  as  his  ability 
to  don  his  harness  and  serve  the  republic 
of  letters  even  as  he  did  of  old.  It  is  in- 
spiriting, but  we  could  wish  that  it  were 
not  necessary.  That  the  power  has  not 
gone  is  evidenced  by  the  volume  before 
us,  which  contains,  besides  personal  nar- 
rative, many  anecdotes  illustrative  of  social 
life  that  have  with  them  an  historical  value. 


T\oo  Prize  Essays  on  Juvenile  DeliU' 
quency.    By  Micaiah  HiU,  Esq ;  and  by 
C.  F.  Comwallis. — It  is  quite  a  duty  to 
notice  these  striking  and  valuable  Essays. 
Lady  Noel  Byron,  whose  generous  offer 
called  them  forth,  has  been  very  willingly 
induced  to  add  another  hundred  pounds 
to  the  two  hundred  originally  proffered, 
and  has  thereby  secured  for  the  public  two 
essays  of  a  widely  different  character,  but 
equally  effective,  instead  of  one.    There  is 
not  anything  very  new  in  the  volume ; 
but  a  good  and  useful  arrangement  of 
many  facts  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Hill,  and  a 
clearly-stated  argument  from  Miss  Com- 
wallisi     The  fault  which  strikes  us,  mean- 
while, in  all  the  projects  of  juvenile  re* 
formation  we  have  as  yet  seen,  is  the  want 
of  provision  for  the  regular  payment  of 
industry  in  the  schools   now  instituting 
throughout  the  country  for  this  class  of 
boys  and  girls.     We  have  had  the  subject 
very  much  before  us,  and  really  cannot 
see  how  so  obvious  a  means  of  counteract- 
ing the  love  of  stimulus  which  leads  to 
eagerness   after  unlawful  gains  can  ever 
be  fairly  and  suitably  met,   save  by  an 
education  into  the  calm  and  steady  pur- 
suits of  lawful  objects  of  interest.     In- 
dustry— the  fixed  habit  of  working  for  a 
visible  result,  however  small — is  surely 
the  simplest,  safest,  and  most  rational  mode 
of  overcoming  idlers  and  vagabonds.  That 
in  many  cases  it  would  be  troublesome  and 
difficult  we  allow ;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
it  surely  would  greatly  facilitate  the  mas- 
ter's power,  by  enabling  him  sometimes  to 
punish,  simply  by  withholding  for  a  time 
the  offender's  power  of  working  on  his 
own  account.     If  the  labour  can  be  in 
itself  interesting,  and  its  results  attended 
with  fluctuation,  and  dependent  on  care, 


1854.] 


MiiC€llan9<mi 


M7 


so  much  the  better,  as  in  the  case  of  agri- 
caltnral  schools,  where  boys  cultivate  a 
portion  of  the  ground  themaelTes,  after 
having  given  part  of  the  labour  of  the  day 
to  the  sdiool  fields.  Under  other  circum- 
stances might  not  a  scale  of  marks  or 
tickets  be  arranged  for  the  furtherance  of 
industry,  attaching  a  certain  value  to  a 
number  of  these  ? 

We  cannot  believe  that  so  rational  a 
mode  of  dealing  with  young  people,  so 
perfectly  natural  moreover,  and  in  accord- 
ance with  that  whidi  would  have  fallen  to 
their  lot  in  the  event  of  their  having  pur- 
sued a  course  of  steady  conduct  at  home, 
can  be  rejected,  simply  on  account  of 
expense.  Rate  the  rewards  of  such  labour 
very  low,  of  course ;  but  how  small  an  ad- 
dition would  the  rent  of  another  acre  or 
two  of  land  for  gardens  be  to  most  of  these 
establishments :  when  compared  with  the 
good  moral  effects,  it  is  scarcely  to  be 
thought  of.  In  no  case,  perhaps,  is  it 
desirable  that  reformatory  schools  should 
be  large  establishments.  The  more  widely 
dispened  the  better.  Let  them  approa^ 
as  nearly  as  may  be  to  households,  o^y 
let  them  be  ruled  upon  such  ordinary 
principles  of  labour  and  moderate  gain  as 
may  initiate  their  inmates  into  a  healthy 
mode  of  living  and  acting.  It  cannot  of 
course  be  said  that  the  common  every-day 
motives  to  useful  employment  thus  set 
before  the  young  delinquents  are  of  the 
highest  sort ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  they 
do  not  interfere  with  the  most  exalted 
principles.  The  boy  who  labours  soberly 
and  diligently  for  a  time  will  almost  always 
be  the  boy  most  docile,  most  intelligent, 
most  alive  to  better  principles  of  action. 
It  is  a  hard,  almost  a  hopeless  labour  to 
light  against  roving  propensities  simply 
with  the  weapons  of  moral  argument ;  and 
the  few  instances  brought  forward  of  radi- 
cal  improvement  are  largely  over-balanced 
by  the  numerous  failures.  Would  this  be 
the  case  if  the  practical  and  tangible  re- 
sults of  industry  were  made  clearer  ? 

The  new  Sueeeenon  and  Legacy  Duty 
Tables,  By  C.  M.  Willich.— We  have 
already  noticed  the  useful  series  of  popular 
tables,  to  which  the  present  appear  as  a 
supplement.  No  one  who  hss  been  placed 
in  the  position  of  an  executor  will  foil  to 
recognise  the  advantage  of  a  ready  manual 
for  reference  as  to  the  duties  payable  upon 
l^acies  and  annuities  even  under  the  old 
law,  but  this  has  become  still  more  neces- 
sary from  the  unavoidably  complex  cha- 
racter of  the  new  Succession  Duties  Act. 
This  Act  came  into  operation  from  the  19th 
May,  1853.  It  imposes  duties  to  the  same 
amount  as  the  Legacy  Duty  Acts  according 
to  consanguinity,  except  that  the  brother 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


or  sister  of  a  grandfatfaer  or  grandmother 
of  the  deceafed  or  their  deeoendants  will 
pay  six  per  cent.  InstMd  of  ten.  This 
alteration  is  also  introduced  in  the  scalo 
for  legacy  duties.  The  interest  of  every 
successor  to  real  property  (in  which  are 
included  leaseholds  of  all  denominattons) 
is  considered  to  be  the  value  of  an  annuity 
equal  to  tlie  eurreot  value  of  such  pro- 
perty daring  Uie  residue  of  his  life,  or  any 
less  period  daring  whidi  he  shall  be  en- 
titled to  it.  The  Ubles  appended  to  the 
Act  are  of  great  length,  which  was  neoee- 
sary  in  order  to  establish  the  mode  of 
estimating  the  value  of  property  held  upon 
any  number  of  jomt  lives.  Mr.  WilUch 
has  confined  himself  in  the  tables  before 
ns  to  the  case  where  there  is  only  one  life, 
that  of  the  soccessor,  to  be  taken  into 
consideration ;  but  as  this  oonstitates  the 
general  rule,  they  will  be  found  in  almost 
every  instance  to  provide  all  the  informa- 
tion required. 

CurUmtiki  qfBH9ioi€HdU9Neiffkb9ur^ 
hood.  Nos.  1—6.  Royal  8vo.^Montfaly 
penny  sheets  commenced  in  Septembw 
last.  Th^  are  filled  with  historiettes  of 
the  by-gone  annals  of  Bristol,  descriptiona 
of  its  localities  and  of  the  neighbonrinc 
places,  a  biographical  catalogue  of  Bristol 
worUiies,  and  a  variety  of  notes  and  memo- 
randa. We  are  told  that  the  dtixens  of 
Bristowe  have  found  these  papers  suf- 
ficiently interesting  to  bay  them  eagerij ; 
and  we  add  our  own  verdict  that  they  ds- 
serve  preservation  and  a  good  leather  cover 
hereafter.  To  one  note  we  most  demar : 
it  is  that  which  derives  the  Blanket  of  our 
beds  firom  the  name  of  a  fiimily  of  woollen 
manufSM^rera  in  Bristol:  **The  pro- 
prietors were  three  brothers  —  Edward, 
Edmond,  and  Thomas  Blanket.  They  were 
enterprising,  skilful,  and  suooessfol  men» 
and  were  the  first  to  manufacture  the  useful 
article  of  bed-furniture  which  has  im- 
mortalised their  name,— the  Blanket  Tho- 
mas Blanket  was  one  of  the  bailiffs  in 
1341,  and  Edward  Blanket  was  member  in 
Parliament  for  Bristol  in  the  year  1363." 
Mr.  Way,  hi  his  edition  of  the  Promp- 
torium  Parvulorum,  tells  us  tiiat  "  Blanket 
is  taken  from  the  French  bUmehei,  woollen 
cloth,  no  doubt  of  a  white  colour.  Xon- 
geui,  Umgait,  blanehet^  drop  da  lame* 
Roquefort."  And  the  Promptorium  itself 
cUstingulshes  two  acceptations  of  the  word^ 
— the  blanket  of  a  bed,  and  blanket,  white 
cloth.  We  would  suggest  that  the  records 
respecting  the  Bristol  manufacturers  have 
been  misread  so  far  as  this,  the  termina- 
ting contraction  for  the  letters  er  has  been 
overlooked.  Like  other  traders  at  tiiat 
time,  they  were  named  firom  their  handi- 
craft, Blanketers,  f.  e.  makers  of  blankets. 

3Q 


208 


ANTiaUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

Feb,  2.     J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P. 

Joseph  Jackson  Howard,  esq.  of  Trinity 
Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Lee  Road,  Black- 
heath  ;  George  A.  Carthew,  esq.  solicitor, 
of  East  Dereham,  Norfolk  ;  Tattersall 
Auckland,  esq.  solicitor,  Lewes ;  and  the 
Rev.  Thomas  King,  of  Adelaide  Row, 
Haverstock  Hill,  were  elected  Fellows. 

Mr.  Collier  presented  a  copy  of  a  Pro- 
rclamation  issued  in  the  reign  of  James  I. 
authorising  the  collection  of  subscriptions 
for  the  relief  of  the  inhabitants  of  Strat- 
ford-on-Avon,  after  the  great  fire  that 
consumed  many  houses  in  that  town. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo  exhibited  some 
mediaeval  knives  and  an  iron  axe-head, 
recently  found  in  the  Thames,  near  Fleet 
ditch. 

Mr.  BOOcke  exhibited  several  leaden 
slinK-buUets,  one  of  which  was  inscribed 
CiESAR  R.  L.  II.  and  another  NIKH . 
AeHNI2,  with  the  figure  of  a  thunder- 
bolt;  a  die  for  the  reverse  of  the  well- 
known  coins  of  Berenice,  Queen  of  Pto- 
lehiy  king  of  Egypt,  bearing  the  Qaeen*8 
name  and  a  cornucopia  filled  with  fruits ; 
a  Greek  and  a  Roman  comb,  the  former 
found  at  Pompeii,  the  latter  near  Co- 
blentz  ;  also  a  fine  ivory  comb,  carved 
with  two  figures  of  men  fighting  and  a 
third  blowing  a  horn,  said  to  have  been 
found  in  Wales,  and  apparently  of  the 
twelfth  century  ;  and  a  seal  in  steel,  said 
to  be  the  work  of  Cellini,  engraved  and 
set  with  the  arms  of  Cosmo  de  Medici. 

Capt.  B.  Williams  exhibited  two  Roman 
coins  and  a  bronze  head  of  a  javelin, 
lately  discovered  in  digging  a  foundation 
at  Cote,  near  Bampton,  Oxfordshire.  The 
coins  were  of  Trajan  and  Hadrian. 

The  Rev.  Edward  TroUope  exhibited 
drawings  of  some  mural  paintings,  dis- 
covered a  short  time  since  in  the  church 
of  Rauceby,  in  Lincolnshire.  The  por- 
tion which  Mr.  Trollope  had  copied  ex- 
hibited the  figure  of  an  aged  man,  his 
head  surrounded  by  a  nimbus,  holding  in 
his  band  an  object  which  had  been  partly 
defaced,  but  which  is  either  a  purse  or  a 
bell;  if  the  latter  object,  Mr.  Trollope 
supposed  the  figure  to  be  that  of  St.  An- 
thony. Before  the  saint  is  part  of  an 
animal  resembling  a  tiger  or  a  panther, 
which  may  be  considered  as  representing 
the  devil.  [Qu.  was  not  the  figure  Saint 
Giles  with  his  hare,  and  the  supposed  purse 
the  wound  laid  bare  on  bis  thigh  ?] 

Mr.  Shaw  exhibited  a  drawing  of  a  very 
beautiful  comb,  formed  of  ivory  and  orna- 
mented with  precious  stones,  having  a 


semicircular  plate  of  silver,  inscribed 
PECTBN .  s  .  LVPi.  It  is  preserved  in  the 
treasury  of  the  Cathedral  of  Sens,  which 
also  contains  a  portion  of  the  vestments 
of  St.  Thomas  a  Becket,  who  resided  in 
that  city  when  he  fled  from  England. 
St.  Lupus  was  the  18th  Archbishop  of 
Sens,  and  died  in  628. 

The  first  portion  was  then  read  of  a 
communication  from  Sir  Henry  Ellis,  Di- 
rector, *'  Upon  the  Early  History  of  Lord 
Lieutenants  of  Counties,''  introductory 
to  two  sets  of  instructions  directed  to  the 
Earl  of  Bedford,  the  first  in  the  reign  of 
Philip  and  Mary,  and  the  second  in  that  of 
Elizabeth,  in  the  year  1574.  The  latter, 
were  suggested  by  the  doubtful  proceed- 
ings of  the  French  King,  and  the  great 
preparations  then  making  by  the  King  of 
Spain  in  the  Low  Countries. 

Fkb,  9.  John  Bruce,  esq.  Treasurer,  in 
the  chair. 

A  picture  in  oil  of  Ralph  Thoresby, 
F.R.S.  the  historian  of  Leeds,  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Society  by  John  Bowyer 
Nichols,  esq.  F.S.A. 

Mr.  Edward  Pretty  exhibited  drawings 
of  various  relics  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  pe- 
riod, found  about  thirty  years  since  in 
widening  and  repairing  the  road  on  the 
line  of  the  ancient  Watling- street,  about 
a  mile  from  Rugby.  They  consisted  of 
urns,  beads,  fibulae,  and  a  variety  of  per- 
sonal ornaments  and  implements,  with  the 
usual  description  of  weapons  characteristic 
of  pagan  interment. 

The  Secretary  communicated  a  letter, 
written  by  Anne  Countess  of  Pembroke  to 
Capt.  Adam  Baynes,  in  London.  The 
letter  is  dated  from  Skipton  Castle,  a  short 
time  after  the  death  of  Cromwell,  and  it 
shows  how  jealously  every  act  of  the 
Royalists  was  regarded  by  their  enemies 
at  that  period.  The  writer  complains  that 
the  repairs  she  is  making  to  her  castle 
have  attracted  the  attention  and  aroused 
the  suspicions  of  some  of  her  ill-disposed 
neighbours,  and  protests  that  what  she  is 
doing  is  for  no  other  purpose  than  the  con- 
venience of  herself  and  household.  She 
speaks  of  a  letter  inclosed  to  "  Lord  Lam- 
bert," and  exclaims  very  warmly  against 
the  unjust  suspicions  of  her  enemies. 

Feb.  16.     Sir  R.  H.  Inglis,  Bart.  V.P. 

Charles  Parker,  esq.  of  the  Grove,  Bin- 
field,  Berkshire,  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Society;  and  Jared  Sparkes,  esq.  late 
President  of  Cambridge  University,  U.S. 
was  elected  an  Honorary  Member. 

Fred.  Ouvry,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented 
four  drawings  representing  the  grotesquely 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Rggearchis. 


299 


eaired  bench-encU  in  the  church  of  South 
Brent,  co.  Somerset. 

Mr.  Samuel  Anderson,  of  Whitby,  com- 
municated an  account  of  the  opening  of 
a  British  barrow,  known  as  the  Swarth- 
hone,  which  is  situated  upon  a  lofty  ridge 
of  land  about  four  miles  from  Whitby,  on 
the  high  road  leading  to  Guisborough. 
It  is  the  central  and  largest  of  three,  which 
were  formerly  connected  by  a  Hoe  of  large 
stones ;  and  it  measures  in  the  circumfer- 
ence of  its  base  no  less  than  280  feet. 
Vestiges  of  several  interments  were  found; 
in  one  instance  the  body  had  been  buried 
entire,  in  another  in  a  cist  or  coffin;  and 
also  some  urns.  The  barrow  was  further 
remarkable  from  being  divided  by  walls, 
running  across  it  from  north  to  south, 
about  three  feet  apart,  and  five  in  length; 
in  height  four  feet,  and  in  thickness  about 
two,  many  of  the  stones  being  so  large 
that  they  could  be  barely  lifted  by  two 
strong  men. 

The  first  portion  was  then  read  of  a 
letter  from  Henry  H.  Breen,  esq.  F.S.A. 
containing  some  account  of  the  Caribs, 
or  aboriginal  inhabitants  of  the  Lesser 
Antilles. 


THB  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTE. 

Fib,  3.  The  Hon.  Richard  Neville,  V.P. 

Mr.  J.  Rogers  described  some  remark- 
able examples  of  the  peculiar  arrangements 
in  church  architecture  designated  as  ^*  Lych- 
noscopes.'^  They  exist  in  a  remote  district 
of  Cornwall,  near  the  Lizard  Point,  in  the 
churches  of  Mawgan,  Grade,  Cury,  and 
Wendron.  He  exhibited  drawings  and 
plans  in  illustration  of  these  curious  details, 
situated  in  a  locality  little  known  to  anti- 
quaries. 

An  account  of  discoveries  of  sepulchral 
urns  on  Ballon  Hill,  co.  Carlow,  by  Mr. 
Richardson  Smith,  was  read.  They  are 
of  remarkably  elaborate  workmanship,  and 
highly  ornamented.  A  cemetery  of  great 
extent  appears  to  have  existed  at  the  spot, 
and  urns  have  been  found  at  various  times 
in  great  numbers.  Many  of  them  have 
been  wantonly  destroyed  or  through  super- 
stitious notions,  under  the  belief  that  they 
were  fabricated  by  witches.  In  some  in- 
stances the  urns  were  placed  within  a  kind 
of  cromlech,  and  skeletons  were  found 
mixed  amongst  the  interments,  which  in- 
dicated the  practice  of  cremation.  Some 
of  the  urns  from  Ballon  Hill  were  placed 
in  the  Archaeological  Court  at  the  Dublin 
Industrial  Exhibition,  and  excited  much 
attention  on  account  of  their  curious  de- 
coration. 

Mr.  H.  O'Neill  produced  a  series  of 
rubbings  from  the  most  characteristic  de- 
itigns  on  certain  sculptured  crosses  of  stone 


in  Ireland.  The  notice  of  antiquaries  hai 
been  called  to  this  class  of  early  Christian 
monuments  by  the  recent  exhibition  of 
several  casts  at  Dublin,  which  have  bean 
transferred  to  the  Sydenham  collections. 
Mr.  O^Neill  offered  some  remarks  on  the 
peculiarities  of  ornamentation,  and  stated 
that  these  crosses  are  sculptured  in  granite 
or  some  material  obtained  in  Ireland.  He 
exhibited  several  drawings  of  examples  at 
Monasterboice,  Kells,  Kilklispeen,  &c. 
and  stated  that  the  continuation  of  his 
Illustrations  of  these  remarkable  sculpture! 
would  forthwith  be  published. — Mr.  West- 
wood  remarked  that  it  was  important  to 
trace  the  origin  of  these  productions,  form- 
ing a  remarkable  section  in  the  history  of 
art.  It  had  been  imagined  that  these 
crosses  were  brought  from  Italy  or  some 
foreign  country;  and  one  of  the  recent 
writers  on  Irish  antiquities  had  even  de- 
nied the  possibility  of  their  having  been 
produced  by  Irish  workmen.  The  fiEiot 
that  they  are  composed  of  materials  indi- 
genous to  the  country  deserves  notice. 
The  conjecture  that  they  had  been  brought 
from  Rome  was,  however,  sufficiently  dis- 
proved by  comparison  with  Irish  illumina- 
tions and  other  works  of  an  early  period 
in  the  sister  kingdom. — In  reference  to 
the  same  subject  of  inquiry,  Mr.  Westma* 
cott  remarked  that  it  deserved  careful  con- 
sideration, as  leading  to  a  question  of  great 
interest  in  regard  to  the  history  of  Art. 
The  character  of  the  relievi  and  the  style 
of  ornament  showed  points  of  essential 
difference  from  the  features  of  Italian  de- 
sign, in  examples  which  might  be  assigned 
to  contemporary  dates.  The  ornament  of 
these  Irish  sculptures  is  very  peculiar,  and 
bears  little  or  no  resemblance  to  that  found 
in  early  works  in  Italy;  but  it  presents 
sufficient  analogy  with  the  types  occurring* 
in  the  East  to  make  it  worth  inquiry 
whether  the  design  of  these  crosses  may 
not  have  been  derived,  directly  or  indi- 
rectly, from  that  source.  Amongst  consi« 
derations  which  would  somewhat  strengthen 
this  supposition,  the  stiff  and  ugly  forms 
given  to  the  human  figure  may  be  men- 
tioned as  deserving  especial  notice.  At 
an  early  period  there  was  great  variance 
of  opinion  in  regard  to  the  character  of 
form  suitable  for  the  representation  of 
sacred  persons  ;  and  according  to  one 
party,  chiefly  of  the  Eastern  Church,  it 
was  considered  that  the  Saviour  ought  not 
to  be  portrayed  under  a  form  of  beantyi 
but,  on  the  contrary,  of  a  repulsive  cha- 
racter. This  strange  opinion  seems  to 
have  been  founded  on  the  expressions  of 
the  prophet  Isaiah — **'  He  hath  no  form  or 
comeliness,"'  and,  ''There  is  no  beanty 
that  we  should  desire  him."  from  the 
preralanoe  of  this  notioDi  a  peculiar  stif  « 


300 


Antiquarian  Researches^ 


[March, 


nets  and  eveu  deformity  of  design  appears 
in  the  Art  of  the  Eastern  schools,  as  well 
as  wherever  the  same  influence  extended. 
The  Western  Church,  however,  happily 
for  Art,  took  a  different  view  of  the  ques- 
tion, rejecting  the  arguments  of  the  Eastern 
divines,  and  adopting  the  more  philoso- 
phical principle  that  beauty  of  sentiment 
should  be  illustrated  by  beauty  of  form. 
They  argued  that  no  beauty  could  be  too 
great  to  represent  the  founder  of  Christi- 
anity, or  illustrate  so  divine  and  perfect  a 
faith  as  that  which  he  had  taught.  The 
influence  of  Pope  Adrian  I.  and  the 
high  authority  of  St.  Ambrose  went  far 
to  establish  this  opinion,  and  fixed  that 
type  or  character  of  representation  which 
has  prevailed  in  the  Latin  or  Western 
Church ;  thus  leading  to  those  beautiful 
and  aflectiog  representations  of  the  Saviour, 
^  the  Virgin,  the  Apostles,  and  other  holy 
persons  which  characterise  the  productions 
of  the  Italian  schools  in  the  purer  times 
of  Christian  art.  In  reference  to  many  of 
the  strange  adaptations  of  the  human 
figure  to  the  tortuous  shapes  of  ornaments 
on  the  Irish  Crosses,  Mr.  Westmacott 
was  disposed  to  think  there  was  no  par- 
ticular meaning  intended  by  the  sculptor. 
This  feature  is  probably  only  the  result  of 
caprice,  or  an  effort  of  ingenuity  in  the 
endeavour  to  adapt  such  forms  so  as  to 
fill  or  fit  the  contracted  spaces  upon  these 
curious  crosses. 

Mr.  Ashurst  Majendie  brought  drawings 
of  several  effigies  of  the  De  Veres,  pre- 
served at  Earl's  Colne,  Essex,  and  valu- 
able as  illustrations  of  early  costume  :  in 
addition  to  his  observations  on  these  me- 
morials, he  gave  an  account  of  certain 
recent  discoveries  at  Hedingham  Castle. 

Mr.  Greorge  Vulliamy  produced  two 
mallets  and  the  ball,  used  formerly  in  the 
fashionable  game  of  Pall  Mall,  or  paille 
mailte,  which  gave  its  name  to  the  street 
so  called.  The  malls  are  of  wood,  with 
long  thin  handles,  the  portion  which  struck 
the  ball  being  strongly  hooped  with  iron. 
These  objects,  probably  the  only  existing 
relics  of  the  game  in  England,  had  been 
recently  found  in  the  house  of  the  late 
Mr.  Vulliamy,  in  Pall  Mall,  which  had 
been  in  the  possession  of  his  family  for 
130  years.  The  game  was  introduced 
about  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  an  alley  appears  to  have  been  formed 
for  the  enjoyment  of  such  disport,  where 
Fkll  Mall  is  now  situated  :  at  the  time  of 
the  Commonwealth  it  fell  into  disuse,  and 
booses  were  by  degrees  erected  along  the 
mall.  At  the  Restoration  a  new  mall 
was  formed  in  the  park  by  Charles  II. 
who  took  great  delight  in  this  game  :  and 
many  allusions  occur  in  Pepys*B  Memoirs 
regarding  the  new  mall,  and  the  amuse- 


ments of  the  Merry  Monarch.  Mr.  Cun- 
ningham has  collected  various  notices  re- 
garding this  subject  in  his  useful  Hand- 
book of  London. 

Amongst  objects  exhibited  were,  a 
bronze  weapon  of  rare  form,  and  a  gold 
pomander,  both  found  in  the  Thames,  and 
brought  by  Mr.  Franks ;  several  curious 
weapons  by  Mr.  Bemhard  Smith  ;  a  very 
choice  example  of  Majolica,  painted  by 
Francesca  Xanto  Avello,  in  1533 ;  some 
curious  representations  of  the  emblems  of 
the  Passion,  found  at  an  ancient  castle,  in 
CO.  Cork,  by  Mr.  6.  Dunoyer  ;  several 
documents  relating  to  property  in  the  West 
of  England,  by  Mr.  Norris  ;  and  several 
valuable  manuscripts  by  Mr.  6.  Des- 
borough  Bedford. 


BRITISH  ARCH^OLOOICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Jan,  25.  Ralph  Bernal,  esq.  M.A. 
President. 

Mr.  Clarke,  of  Easton,  reported  the 
discovery  of  some  coins  at  Brandeston,  in 
Suffolk,  consisting  of  a  penny  of  Edw.  I. 
a  half-groat  of  Elizabeth,  a  shilling  of 
Charles  II.  and  a  sixpence  of  Willi  am  III. 
A  fetterlock  had  also  been  found  at  the 
same  place,  having  a  rib  of  brass  on  each 
side  of  the  barrel,  passing  through  the 
loop  of  the  bow  to  form  the  joint.  At 
Letheringham  a  discovery  of  coins  had 
also  been  made,  among  which  were  many 
tokens  of  various  traders,  specimens  of  the 
silver  coinage  of  Henry  VIII.  Charles  1. 
and  James  II. 

Mr.  Walter  Hawkins,  F.S.A.  exhibited 
a  Roman  Christian  lamp,  and  Mr.  H. 
Syer  Cuming  read  a  short  paper  upon  that 
and  other  specimens  which  he  exhibited 
on  the  occasion.  They  were  all  of  terra 
cotta.  One  had,  in  low  relief,  a  peacock 
with  its  tail  spread  out,  and  over  it  were 
three  nimbi,  emblematic  of  the  Trinity. 
The  peacock  is  an  early  Christian  emblem, 
and  is  met  with  in  the  Roman  catacombs, 
both  alone  and  in  conjunction  with  the 
Cross.  Another  specimen  was  found  at 
Colchester,  bearing  the  sacred  monogram, 
and  a  crux  gemmata,  the  floriated  cross  of 
Triumph.  It  is  also  ornamented  with  re- 
presentations of  doves,  presumed  to  be 
typical  of  the  seven  gifts  of  the  Holy 
Spirit.  This  lamp  is  of  Byzantine  work- 
manship. 

Mr.  Pretty  produced  notices  of  the  dis- 
covery of  Roman  remains  at  Hardingstone, 
in  Northamptonshire.  The  pottery  found 
resembled  that  described  by  the  late  Mr. 
Artis,  as  having  been  obtained  at  Castor. 

Mr.  George  Vere  Irving  read  the  first 
part  of  an  elaborate  paper  '*  On  the  Chro- 
nology and  Geography  of  the  Wars  be- 
tween  the  Saxons  of  Northumberland  and 
the  Northern  Britons,  from  the  Battle  of 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


301 


Argoed  to  that  of  Kaltraez."  With  the 
exception  of  the  Count  de  la  Villemarqu^, 
authors  have  merely  treated  of  this  period 
as  an  episode  in  works  of  a  more  extended 
nature,  while  the  attention  of  the  learned 
author  of  the  Formes  des  Bardes  Bretons 
du  vj"**  Si^ele  has  been  so  much  directed 
to  the  literature  of  Britany  and  Wales, 
that  he  is  naturally  led  to  attach  too  little 
weight  to  the  information  obtainable  from 
other  sources, — such  as  the  Saxon  chro- 
nicles, the  Ecclesiastical  writings,  and  the 
Irish  annals.  It  might,  however,  be  con- 
fidently maintained  that  no  chronology 
could  be  satisfactory  which  did  not  unite 
the  facts  contained  in  these  independent 
authorities  into  something  like  a  consistent 
whole. 

After  briefly  enumerating  the  various 
battles  recorded  by  the  three  bards, — 
Taliesin,  Llywarch,  and  Aneurin,  with 
the  dates  assigned  to  them  by  Villemarqu^, 
viz.  the  battle  of  Argoed,  in  which  Urien 
of  Reghed  and  his  son  Owen  defeated  the 
Saxon  leader  known  as  the  Flamebearer, 
circa  a.d.  547;  the  battle  of  Gwenn  Ys- 
trad,  between  547-579;  the  combat  of 
Menao,  in  which  a  Saxon  leader,  conjec- 
tured by  Villemarqu^  to  be  the  Flame- 
bearer,  was  killed  a.d.  5G0;  a  battle  in 
which  Urien  was  killed,  between  572-579, 
(this  Villemarque  identifies  with  the  siege 
of  Theodoric  of  Northumberland,  in  the 
island  of  Medeant,  mentioned  by  Nennius,) 
and  lastly,  the  battle  of  Kaltraez,  a.d. 
572-580,  when  the  Saxons  successfully 
attacked  the  British  kingdom  of  Strath - 
Clyde,  and  captured  Dumbarton,  its  capital 
city, — Mr.  Irving  proceeded  to  examine 
the  grounds  on  which  that  chronology  was 
based.  In  its  main  features  it  rested  on 
the  identity  of  the  Flamebearer  with  Ida, 
the  founder  of  the  Northumberland  king- 
dom. To  this,  however,  he  objected — 
1st,  that  the  chief  reason  of  identification 
was  the  supposed  fact  that  Ida  was  the 
most  warlike  King  of  the  Saxons,  and  the 
most  severe  ravager  of  the  Britons,  but  no 
corroboration  of  this  was  to  be  found  in 
the  Saxon  historians;  on  the  contrary,  he 
proved  by  several  quotations  from  Bede, 
and  William  of  Malmesbury,  that  they  all 
concur  in  assigning  this  pre-eminence  to 
Ethelfrid,  his  grandson  and  successor. 
2nd.  In  a  poem  of  Taliesin  it  is  stated 
that,  when  the  Flamebearer  was  killed,  he 
was  taken  by  surprise.  No  historian  re- 
lates such  an  incident  in  connexion  with 
Ida,  but  they  all  agree  that  this  was  a 
feature  in  the  death  of  Ethelfrid.  3rd. 
Bun,  or  Bebba,  was  the  wife  of  the  Flame- 
bearer. She  was  killed  at  Kaltraez.  If, 
however,  she  was  the  wife  of  Ida  she  would 
hardly  have  survived  him  so  long,  more 
especially  if  the  date  of  the  battle  is  found 


to  be  much  later  than  the  period  aatigned 
to  it  by  Villemarque.  Independent  of 
which  we  have  the  direct  evidence  of  Nen- 
nius, that  she  was  the  wife  of  Ethelfrid, 
who  gave  iier  the  town  of  Bamborongh 
in  Northumberland,  which  from  her  was 
called  Bebbenberg.  The  idea  that  Urien 
was  killed  when  beseiging  Theodoric  ap- 
pears to  be  founded  on  an  erroneous  inter- 
pretation of  the  passage  in  Nennius.  For 
this  opinion  several  reasons  were  given, 
and,  inter  alia,  the  fact  that  Urien  is  there 
stated  to  have  fought  not  only  against 
Theodoric,  but  also  against  his  successors 
Freothwulf  and  Hussa.  The  date  assigned 
to  the  battle  of  Kaltraez,  it  was  contended, 
was  much  too  early,  because  Aneurin, 
who  celebrates  this  contest,  expressly 
mentions  the  fall  in  it  of  Domna!  Brec, 
King  of  the  Scots,  and  it  was  shown  that 
this  event  appears  in  the  annals  of  Ulster 
under  a.d.  641;  while  the  accuracy  of 
this  record  is  corroborated  by  the  season 
of  the  year  when  his  death  occurred,  and 
also  by  the  Dnbradlc  Duan  and  the  annals 
of  Tyhearnac. 

After  stating  these  objections  to  the 
received  chronology,  Mr.  Irving  pro- 
ceeded to  explain  that  which  he  proposed 
to  substitute  for  it ;  and,  as  a  preliminary 
step,  entered  into  an  examination  of  the 
light  which  might  be  thrown  on  the  sub- 
ject by  an  identification  of  three  com- 
panions in  arms  of  Urien,  enumerated  in 
Nennius  —  Ryderthen,  Morgan,  and 
Gwallog  —  with  persons  of  whom  notice 
is  met  with  in  the  other  records. 

Ryderthen  he  agreed  with  most  of  the 
previous  authors  must  be  identified  with 
Roderick  the  Bountiful,  the  King  of 
Strathclyde,  and  the  patron  of  St.  Ken- 
tigeru,  who  reigned  from  550  to  601. 
Morgan  had  sometimes  been  supposed 
to  be  Morkern,  the  predecessor  of  Ro- 
derick ;  but  the  facts  recorded  in  the 
life  of  St.  Kentigern  render  this  idea 
untenable.  Villemarque  points  to  a  Mor- 
gan, King  of  Glamorgan;  but  the  evidence 
in  the  Liber  Llandavensis,  though  it 
proves  his  existence  at  the  time,  in  no 
way  connects  him  with  these  northern 
wars :  on  the  contrary,  it  appears  impro- 
bable that  a  king  of  South  Wales  should 
be  mixed  up  in  a  struggle  so  far  from 
home,  while  it  is  curious  that  in  only  one 
passage  do  any  of  the  bards  refer  to  a 
warrior  undoubtedly  from  Wales  proper, 
and  in  it  Morien  of  Powis  is  called  a 
stranger.  From  these  reasons  Mr.  Irving 
was  induced  to  seek  the  kingdom  of 
Morgan  in  the  North,  and  believes  he  has 
found  it  in  the  Scots  of  Argyleshire,  who 
are  proved  by  passages  in  Adamnanns 
and  the  Annals  of  Ulster  to  have  invaded 
Northumberland  in   company  with    the 


302 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[March, 


Northern  Britong,  and  that  Morgan  re- 
presents Aidan,  the  most  powerful  king 
of  this  nation,  the  name  being  a  cor- 
ruption of  hb  patronymic  Mac  Gowran. 

Gwallog,  Mr.  Irving  was  inclined  to 
consider  with  Chalmers  the  King  of  the 
Lilgovse  and  Novantes,  which  would 
render  complete  the  league  of  the  whole 
Macatse  or  intramural  Britons ;  but  of 
this  he  admitted  he  could  bring  no  direct 
proof. 

In  conclusion  of  the  paper,  Mr.  Irving 
contended  that  none  of  the  battles  cele- 
brated  by  the  bards  could  be  assigned 
to  an  earlier  period  than  the  reign  of 
Freothwulf,  and  that  of  those  recorded 
by  them  the  combat  of  Menao  was  pro- 
bably the  first  in  date,  identifying  it  with 
the  battle  in  the  annals  of  Ulster,  a.d.  581, 
Bellum  Manan  in  quo  victor  erat  Aodhan 
Mae  Gawran.  As  this  year  corresponds 
with  that  in  which  Freothwulf  died,  he 
thought  it  probable  he  was  the  Saxon 
leader  mentioned  in  that  poem. 

The  lay  of  the  battle  of  Gwenn  Ostrad 
contains  no  data  by  which  the  year  of  this 
engagement  can  be  ascertained. 

The  battle  of  Argoed  Mr.  Irving  thought 
was  fought  some  time  after  the  accession 
of  Ethelfrid  in  a.d.  593,  considering  this 
king  to  have  been  the  Flamebearer  of  the 
bards. 

The  contest  in  which  Urien  was  killed 
Mr.  Irving  identified  with  the  battle  of 
Egesanstane,  recorded  by  Bede  and  the 
Saxon  Chronicle  as  having  been  fought 
A.D.  603. 

The  war  of  Kaltraez  Mr.  Irving  placed, 
for  the  reasons  already  stated,  in  a.d.  641  ; 
but  observed  that  there  were  many  pas- 
sages in  the  poem  of  Aneurin  which 
seemed  to  allude  to  a  later  contest, 
although  that  occurred  in  a.d.  649,  and 
pointed  out  the  curious  light  which  the 
record  of  the  latter  in  the  Annals  of 
Ulster  throw  upon  an  obscure  passage  in 
Nennius  relative  to  Penda  of  Alercia  and 
the  city  of  Jaden. 

Mr.  Irving  supported  these  dates  by 
much  minute  criticism. 

Feb.S,  T.  J.  Pettigrew,  esq.  F.R.S. 
F.S.A.,  \  >if» 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  F.S.A.  ex- 
hibited three  interesting  fibulee  found 
at  Ratcliffe  Highway  in  the  autumn  of 
1853  ;  one  of  these  was  considered  to  bo 
Danish,  another  was  what  is  termed  a 
decade  brooch,  having  ten  points,  at  the 
extremity  of  each  of  which  had  formerly 
been  inserted  some  ornament,  now  dis- 
appeared, and  the  third  a  circular  one, 
with  different  coloured  substances  intro- 
duced. The  latter  two  are  esteemed  to  be- 
long either  to  a  late  Roman  or  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  period.     Mr.  Clarke  exhibited  a 


brass  coin  of  Faustina  the  Elder  found  at 
Framlingham,  in  Suffolk.  Mr.  Wim- 
bridge,  F.S.A.  exhibited  rubbings  from 
two  sepulchral  brasses,  one  of  which  is  at 
Chishall,  near  Saffron  Walden,  in  Essex, 
and  represents  Sir  John  de  la  Pole  and 
Joan  his  wife,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
John  Lord  Cobham.  This  is  of  a  date 
between  1370  and  1375.  It  bad  long 
been  obscured  beneath  a  pew,  but  has 
now  been  placed  near  the  altar.  It  is 
probable  that  Sir  John  de  la  Pole  assisted 
in  rebuilding  the  church,  and  his  armo- 
rial bearings  are  found  on  the  south  door. 
A  fragment  only  of  the  inscription  re- 
mains, and  gives  ta  ftme  priez.  The 
other  rubbing  was  from  the  brass  of 
Nicholas  de  Aumbedine,  fishmonger  of 
London,  at  Taplow,  Bucks.  It  is  an 
elegant  cross  (circa  1350),  and  is  en- 
graved in  Gough's  Sepulchral  Monuments. 

Mr.  Brent,  jun.  F.S.A.  exhibited  draw- 
ings of  a  sepulchral  slab  and  a  stone  cross, 
contained  in  the  Dover  Museum.  The  for- 
mer was  that  of  Peter  de  Creon,  supposed 
to  be  an  Anglo-Norman  poet,  in  the  reign 
of  John.  His  father  Maurice  was  also  a 
poet,  and  held  offices  at  the  close  of  the 
12th  and  beginning  of  the  I3th  century. 
The  cross  has  been  figured  in  the  Aroh»o- 
iQgia,  Vol.  XXV.  and  has  Runic  charae- 
ters  ;  respecting  these  however  there  was 
much  difference  of  opinion  in  regard  to 
their  interpretation,  and  the  subject  was 
referred  for  further  inquiry. 

Mr.  F.  J.  Baigent  communicated  draw- 
ings of  some  discoveries  recently  made  by 
him  at  Winchester  College.  They  are 
sculptured  ornaments,  displayed  by  tlie 
removal  of  pannelling  and  whitewash  in 
what  is  the  Library.  This,  until  the  tiine 
of  the  Reformation,  was  a  chantry,  erected 
and  endowed  by  John  Fromond,  of  Spar- 
sholt,  Hants,  as  is  shown  by  a  document 
in  the  Augmentation  Office,  being  a  sur- 
vey taken  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 
Fromond  was  a  benefactor  to  both  of 
Wykeham's  colleges,  and  be  founded  the 
chantry  in  1430.  The  ornaments  dia- 
covered  by  Mr.  Baigent  consist  of — 1. 
A  representation  of  the  royal  lion  (need 
as  a  crest  of  the  British  Sovereigns  since 
the  time  of  Edw.  III.)  made  to  do  the 
office  of  a  shield-bearer,  having  the  arma 
of  Fromond,  Azure,  a  chevron  or  be- 
tween three  fieurs  de  lys  argent.  2.  A 
richly-sculptured  mitre  placed  upon  a 
heart,  the  whole  being  surrounded  by  a 
wreath  of  entwined  branches  and  flowerit 
This  is  the  emblem  of  William  WaynlleU^ 
sometime  master  of  Winchester  School* 
and  bishop  of  the  diocese  from  1447  to 
1486.  The  emblem  appears  onhia  mono* 
mental  effigy  in  Winchester  CathednL 
3.  Two  animals  quarreling  and  contendiii| 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


dOd 


with  each  other.  4.  A  warder  blowing  a 
trampet  and  wielding  a  battle-axe ;  be- 
hind him  are  the  hinder  parts  of  an 
animal,  probably  a  lion,  belonging  to 
another  compartment,  and  from  his  neck 
is  suspended  a  shield  with  the  Fromond 
armorial  bearings.  The  cap  on  his  head 
is  highly  ornamented,  and  the  sleeves  of 
his  dress  are  slashed  or  indented,  and  be- 
long  to  the  15th  century. 

Mr.  A.  H.  Bnrkitt,  F.S.A.  delivered 
the  concluding  part  of  his  paper  on  the 
Tradesmen's  Signs  of  London  ;  and  an 
interesting  conversation  on  the  ancient 
houses  of  the  city  terminated  the  business 
of  the  evening. 


red  the  Second,  Cnut,  and  Edward  the 
Confessor. 


NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY. 

Jan.  26.  Mr.  Gibbs  communicated 
suggestions  "  On  an  unpublished  Shilling 
of  Queen  Anne  of  the  Second  Issue  of  the 
Edinburgh  Mint/*  His  object  was  to 
show  that  the  shilUng  marked  "  1707  E»" 
which  has  hitherto  escaped  notice,  does 
not  interfere  with  the  account  given  by 
Ruding  of  the  second  coinage  of  Queen 
Anne  in  Scotland.  Tlie  main  difficulty  is 
the  date,  which  Mr.  Gibbs  suggests  is  ob- 
viated by  the  use  of  the  old  style. 

A  paper  by  Mr.  R.  S.  Poole  was  read 
**  On  a  Copper  Coin  (called  Kas-begi) 
struck  by  Feth  'Alee,  Shah  of  Persia." 
The  peculiarity  of  this  class  of  money  is 
that  it  bears  various  animals,  probably 
with  symbolic  meanings.  On  the  coin  in 
question  is  a  lion  seizing  a  stag,  the  same 
type  as  is  found  on  the  coins  of  ancient 
Persia,  described  by  the  Due  de  Luynes, 
in  his  work  on  the  "  Money  of  the  Satra- 
pies and  of  Phoenicia."  On  these,  the 
most  frequent  types  are  a  lion  devouring 
a  bull  and  a  lion  devouring  a  stag.  Mr. 
Poole  showed  that  the  lion  devouring  a 
stag  may  be  considered  as  one  of  the 
national  types  of  Persia.  Many  ancient 
States,  which  were,  more  or  less,  con- 
nected with  that  country,  had  coins  simi- 
larly impressed,  as  Acanthus  in  Macedonia, 
and  Velia  in  Lucania ;  while  some  other 
coins,  as  those  of  Tarsus  in  Cilicia,  and  of 
Bocchus  king  of  Mauritania,  exhibit  what 
may  be  called  finalogous  types. 

Mr.  Webster  sent  some  **  Remarks  on 
the  Blundered  Legends  found  on  Anglo- 
Saxon  Coins."  Mr.  Webster  considers 
that  the  coins  of  this  class,  which  have 
led  to  much  discussion,  and  have  been 
carefully  investigated  by  M.  Thomsen  the 
curator  of  the  Museum  at  Copenhagen,  in 
an  article  in  the  sixty-second  number  of 
the  Numismatic  Chronicle,  were  forgeries, 
executed  in  all  probability  by  the  Danes, 
who  committed  many  depredations  in  Kent 
and  eliewhere  during  the  reigns  of  Ethel- 


A  discovery,  very  interesting  to  English 
numismatists,  has  been  made  on  the  small 
Danish  island  Yhrlen,  situate  between  the 
islands  of  Thorseng  and  Fyen,  close  to 
Fuhnen.  Some  persons,  observing  near  a 
few  moleholes  in  the  ground  several  coins 
lying  about,  commenced  digging  up  the 
soil  close  thereto ;  when,  to  their  surprise, 
they  found  the  remains  of  a  leathern  bag, 
which  had  been  decorated  with  gold  orna- 
ments, in  which,  and  round  about  it,  were 
a  quantity  of  broken  necklaces  and  brace- 
lets of  silver  of  very  curious  workmanship, 
and  250  pieces  of  silver  coins.  These 
coins  in  part  contained  on  the  obverse  side 
a  head,  with  and  without  a  sceptre,  with 
the  inscription,  "  Adelred  Rx  Anglo ;" 
and  on  the  reverse  a  cross,  with  an  inscrip- 
tion, but  which  as  yet  has  not  been  made 
out.  It  is  thought  that  these  coins  be- 
longed to  some  portion  of  the  Danegeld, 
by  which  King  *'Ethelred  the  Unwise," 
at  the  conclusion  of  the  tenth  century, 
sought  to  compromise  the  devastating  in- 
cursions of  the  Danish  King,  Svend 
Tveskjog.  Besides  these  coins,  there  were 
others,  bearing  Byzantine  and  Latin  in- 
scriptions, with  busts  and  Bishop's  mitres 
on  them.  In  all,  there  are  thirty  different 
sorts  of  coins  found,  which  have  been  for- 
warded to  the  Ancient  Northern  Museum 
at  Copenhagen.  The  island  in  question  has 
never  been  touched  by  the  ploughshare ; 
and  it  appears  that  this  store  has  been  the 
result  of  some  former  plunder,  which,  for 
security's  sake,  was  placed  in  the  position 
in  which  it  was  found. 


The  fine  cabinet  of  coins  formed  by  the 
late  Mr.  Christopher  Edmonds  has  just 
been  sold  by  Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkin- 
son. It  comprised  only  270  specimens, 
collected  with  judgment  and  great  taste, 
and  contained  some  of  the  choicest  exam- 
ples in  point  of  artistic  merit  and  beauty 
of  preservation.  The  following  were  some 
of  the  more  important  and  interesting  lots. 
Lot  32,  Mithridates  King  of  Pontus,  60/.; 
lot  df  a  coin  of  Syracuse,  13/.  15f . ;  lot  1 1, 
another  with  the  laureatcd  head  of  Apollo, 
14/.  5«. ;  lot  16,  a  coinof  Tarentum,  14/.  5«. ; 
lot  lit  Athens,  with  galeated  head  of  Mi- 
nerva, 26/. ;  lot  19,  a  Persian  daric,5/.  10«.; 
lot  25,  coin  of  Lysimachus,  10/.  5«. ;  lot 
29,  Ptolemy  Soter  and  Berenice,  13/.  13«.; 
lot  30,  Ptolemy  Lathyrus,  13/.  13«. ;  lot 
31,  Arsino^,  11/.  hs. ;  lot  37 »  Cunobeline, 
10/. ;  lot  .08,  S.  Severus,  with  full-faced 
bust  of  Domna  between  the  profile  busts 
of  her  sons  Caracalla  and  Geta,  15/. ;  lot 
59»  Severus,  Domna,  and  Caracalla,  a  rare 
coin  struck  in  Syria,  14/.;  lot  88,  the 


304 


Foreign  News. 


[Mairch, 


George  noble  of  Henry  VIII.,  13/.  15«. ; 
lot  89»  sovereign  of  Henry  VII.,  24/. ;  lot 
93,  the  double-sovereign  of  Edward  VI., 
45/.  lOff. ;  lot  116,  the  50-8billing  piece 
of  Oliver  Cromwell,  considered  the  finest 
known,  67/.;  lot  117,  another  specimen 
slightly  iDferior,  49/.  lOs. ;  lot  120,  the 
lO-shiUing  piece  of  the  same  period,  30/. ; 
lot  129,  pattern  for  a  60-8hilUng  piece 
(Scotch)  of  James  II.,  7/. ;  lot  143,  pat- 
tern for  guinea  of  Anne,  121.  15». ;  lot 
157,  the  rare  pattern  for  a  5-gninea  piece 


of  George  III.,  16/.  5«. ;  lot  159,  Pistnieci's 
beautifiol  pattern  for  a  5-pound  piece, 
20/.  58. ;  lot  175,  Wyon*8  pattern  for  the 
crown  of  George  III.  in  gold,  11/.  5«. ; 
lot  206,  Wyon*8  proof  of  the  Victoria 
crown  in  gold,  21/.  ;  lot  214,  a  medallioa 
of  William  IV.  by  Chantrey  and  Wyon, 
25/.  10«. ;  lot  223,  the  SO-shilling  piece  of 
Charles  I.,  10/.  The  sale  was  conducted 
with  much  spirit,  and  the  S70  coins  pro- 
duced the  large  sum  of  I  ,S04/.  9s^ 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


The  explanations  given  to  the  Rusiiem 
Ministers  at  London  and  Paris  of  the  at- 
titude of  the  combined  fieets  in  the  Black 
Sea  not  being  considered  satisfactory, 
those  ministers  have  withdrawn  from  their 
respective  missions.  Baron  Brunow  had 
an  interview  with  Lord  Clarendon  on  the 
6th  of  Feb.  for  the  purpose  of  formally 
suspending  diplomatic  relations,  and  left 
London  for  Brussels  on  the  8th.  M. 
KisselefT  quited  Paris  on  the  6th. 

Orders  were  immediately  sent  to  Sir 
Hamilton  Seymour  and  Gen.  Castelbajac 
by  the  respective  governments  of  England 
and  France  to  leave  St.  Petersburg,  and 
active  preparations  for  war  with  Russia 
are  now  proceeding  in  both  countries. 

The  Emperor  Nicholas,  after  declining 
the  terms  offered  by  the  Vienna  Conference 
and  assented  to  by  Turkey,  proposed  other 
terms,  the  basis  of  which  was  that  a 
Turkish  plenipotentiary  should  go  to  St. 
Petersburg  and  advise  with  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  four  courts,  but  that 
there  should  be  no  formal  conference. 
The  demands  of  Prince  M enschikoff  were 
likewise  renewed,  and  a  treaty  against 
affording  asylum  to  revolutionists  de- 
manded. These  terms  were  unanimously 
considered  by  the  conference  as  not  suit- 
able to  be  proposed  to  Turkey.  The 
Emperor  also  sent  Count  Orloff  on  a 
special  mission  to  the  Courts  of  Vienna 
and  Berlin  to  endeavour  to  detach  them 
from  the  western  powers,  and  induce 
them  to  form  some  treaty  either  of  alliance 
or  neutrality.  His  efforts,  however,  are 
understood  to  have  been  completely  un- 
successful, and  a  similar  proposal  through 
Count  Budberg,  the  Russian  Minister  at 
Berlin,  to  the  Prussian  Government,  ac- 
companied nf  a  promise  of  protection  on 
the  part  of  the  Emperor,  has  been  rejected 
with  some  indignation.  The  Prince  of 
10 


Prussia  has  declared  openly  for  an  alliance 
with  France  and  England. 

On  the  S9th  of  January,  the  Emperor 
Napoleon  addressed  an  autograph  letter 
to  the  Emperor  of  Russia,  stating  his 
anxious  desire  for  peace,  and  offering  to 
reopen  the  negociations  and  withdraw  the 
fleet  from  the  Black  Sea,  on  condition  of 
the  simultaneous  evacuation  of  the  Princi- 
palities. This  letter  appears  to  have  been 
rather  intended  as  a  manifesto  to  the 
French  people  than  with  any  hope  of  suc- 
cess in  bringing  about  a  peace.  The  reply 
of  the  Czar  has  been  a  positive  refusal, 
and  is  said  to  be  couched  in  terms  not 
over  courteous  to  the  French  Emperor. 

Prince  Napoleon,  cousin  of  the  Em- 
peror, is  on  a  state  visit  to  Belgium,  by 
the  invitation  of  King  Leopold.  This 
fact  is  held  to  prove  the  adhesion  of  the 
Belgian  Court  to  the  side  of  France  and 
England. 

The  French  contingent  of  the  army 
destined  for  service  in  Turkey  will  be 
70,000  men ;  the  first  two  divisions,  under 
Generals  Canrobert  and  Bosequet,  will 
leave  Toulon  and  Algiers  on  the  1st  of 
March. 

Since  the  Battle  of  Citate  the  military 
operations  in  Wallachia  have  not  been 
important.  A  letter  of  Omar  Pasha, 
published  in  the  Moniteur,  states  the 
number  of  Russians  killed  in  that  battle 
at  3,000,  including  three  colonels  and 
many  other  officers.  Gen.  OrlofT,  the  Rus- 
sian commander  (.'  Gen.  Aurep),  has  since 
died  of  his  wounds.  The  Turks  had  300 
men  killed  and  700  wounded,  among  the 
latter  Ismail  and  Mustapha  Pasha.  Skir- 
mishes are  constantly  taking  place  be- 
tween the  outposts  along  the  whole  line  of 
the  Danube,  and  the  Turks  have  several 
times  bombarded  Giurgevo  from  Rnsts- 
chuk.    On  the  other  hand,  the  RnssiaBf 


1854.] 


Promotiotis  and  Preferments, 


305 


have  bombarded  Isaktcbi,  but  witbout 
mach  effect,  and  have  been  repulsed  in  an 
attempt  to  establish  fortifications  on  an 
island  opposite  Matschin.  Omar  Pasha 
estimates  the  Russian  force  on  the  Danube 
somewhat  under  87,000,  from  which  losses 
and  sickness  must  make  a  large  deduction. 
He  states  the  Turkish  loss  in  Asia  in  the 
two  battles  (Akal  Tsiche  and  Alexandropol 
or  Gumri)  al  about  2000  men  and  14  guns, 
with  about  4000  wounded;  this  he  at- 
tributes to  bad  generalship.  The  Russian 
loss,  however,  appears  to  have  been  con- 
siderable, and  no  important  advantage  has 
been  obtained  by  these  successes. 

The  Turkish  army  is  now  being  brought 
into  better  discipline  and  reorganized  un- 
der Kurschid  Pasha  or  Gen.  Guyon,  an 
Englishman. 

The  combined  fleets  returned  to  the 
Bosphorus  after  a  short  cruise  in  the 
Black  Sea  on  account  of  the  want  of  safe 
anchorage,  and  the  storminess  of  the 
season.  Further  reinforcements  for  the 
army  of  Asia  have  since  been  sent  to 
Batoum,  under  the  escort  of  French  and 
English  steamers. 

A  serious  insurrection  has  broken  out 
among  the  Greek  population  in  Albania. 
The  insurgents  are  said  to  be  3000  strong 
and  are  threatening  the  town  of  Janina. 

France, — The  Minister  of  Finance,  M. 


Bineau,  has  published  a  report  on  the 
financial  results  of  the  year  1853.  With- 
out any  new  tax  or  loan  1 50,000,000f. 
have  been  spent  in  public  works,  and  the 
reduction  of  the  Five  per  Cents,  to  Four- 
and-a-Half  per  Cent.  Stock  has  enabled 
the  Government  to  save  about  800,000/. 
on  the  interest  of  the  funded  debt.  At 
the  same  time  the  annual  deficit  has  been 
reduced,  by  a  large  increase  in  the  or- 
dinary sources  of  revenue.  The  whole 
deficiency  on  the  year  1853  had  been  esti- 
mated at  4,000,000/.  sterling;  but,  to 
meet  this  deficiency,  there  has  been  an  in- 
crease in  the  receipts,  over  and  above  the 
estimated  revenue,of  more  than  3,000,000/. 
sterling,  and  the  difference  between  the 
revenue  actually  received  and  the  actual 
expenditure  of  last  year  is  stated  to  be 
onlyl 60,000/.  Thedirect  and  indirect  taxes 
of  the  year  1852  produced  G6,500,000f. 
(2,800,000/.)  more  than  the  preceding 
year ;  and  the  year  1853  has  produced 
42,000,000f.  (1,750,000/.)  more  than  1852. 

Italy, — Disturbances  have  taken  place 
in  Papal  provinces  on  account  of  the  high 
price  of  provisions. 

Canada, — On  the  1st  Feb.  the  Parlia- 
ment House  of  Quebec,  with  the  buildings 
attached,  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Part  of 
the  valuable  library  and  several  fine  por- 
traits were  destroyed. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Sheriffs  for  the  Year  1854. 

Beds.— F.  C.  P.  Turner,  of  Howbury  hall,  esci- 
Berks.— J.  J.  Wheble,  of  Bulraershe  court,  esq. 
Bucks.— Henry  H<innier,  of  Stock  grove,  esq. 
Cambridge  and  Huntingdon. — George  William 

Rowley,  of  the  Priory,  St.  Neot'Sj  esq. 
Cumberland.— T.  A.  Hoskins.  of  Higham,  esq. 
Cheshire.— F.  D.  P.  Astley,  of  Duckinfield,  esq. 
Cornwall.— Francis  Howell,  of  Ethy  house,  esq. 
Derbysh.- W.  D.  l^owe.  of  Locko  park,  esq. 
Devon.— R.  S.  Card,  of  Rou^emont,  esq. 
Dorset.— Sir  H .  Oglander,  of  Paruham,  Bart. 
Du rhani  —  H .  J .  B.  Baker,  of  Elemore  ball,  esq. 
Essex.— Thomas  White,  of  Weathersfield,  esq. 
Glouc— J.  H.  Klvrcs,  of  Colesborne  house,  esq. 
Heref.— E.Chadwick,  of  Puddlestone  court.esq. 
Herts.— Robert  Hanbury,  of  Poles,  in  Thun- 

dridge,  esq. 
Kent.— Alex.  Glendinins:,  of  Sevenoaks,  esq. 
Lane- Richard  Fort,  of  Read  hall,  esq. 
Leic— H.  C.  Bingham,  of  Wartnaby,  esa. 
Line. -Anthony  Willson,  of  Raaceby  ball,  esq. 
Monm.— Thomas  Brown,  of  Ebbw  vale,  esq. 
Norfolk.— Be  nj.  B.  Cabbell,  of  Cromer  hall.  esq. 
Northampton.— Lord  Henley,  of  Watford. 
Northumb.- S.  E. Widdrington,  of  Newton,e8q. 
Notts.— S.  B.  Wild,  of  Costock,  esq. 
Oxford.— John  Wra.  Fane,  of  Wormsley,  esq. 
Rutland.- Robt.  Lee  Bradshaw.of  Tin  well.  esq. 
Salop  —R.  A.  Slaney,  of  Walford  manor,  esq. 
Somerset. --J.  C.  Somerville,  of  Dinder,  esq. 
Stafford.— John  Davenport,  of  Westwood,  esq. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


Southampton.— Jeremiah  Robert  Ives,  of  Bent- 
worth  nail,  near  Alton,  esa. 

Suffolk.— Windsor  Parker,  of  Clopton  hall,  esq. 

Surrey.— Robert  Gosling,  of  Botleys  park,  esq. 

Sussex.— John  Day,  of  Newick,  esq. 

Warwick.— W.  C.  Alston,  of  Elmdon,  esq. 

Westni.— John  Wilson,  of  the  Howe,  esq. 

Wilts.— Edmund  Lewis  Clutterbuck,  of  Har- 
denhuish  park,  esq. 

Wore— Edw.  Bearcroft,  of  Mere  hall,  esq. 

York.— Henry  Willoughby,  of  Birdsall,  esq. 

WALES. 

Anglesea.— R.  B.  Owen,  of  HaulAre,  esq. 
Brecon.— John  Powell,  of  Watton  Mount,  esq. 
Carnarvon— T.  L.  D.  J.  Parry,  of  Madryn,  esq. 
Carmarthen. — John  Jones,  of  Blaenos,  esq. 
Cardigan.— Morgan  Jones,  of  Penlan,  esq. 
Denbigh.— Richard  Jones,  of  Bellan  place,  esq. 
Flint.— Henry  Raikes,  of  Llwynegrin,  esq. 
Glamorgan.— W.Llewellyn,ofCourtcoIman,esq. 
Montgomery.— J.  M.  Severne,  of  Wallop,  esq. 
Merion. — G.A.Huddart.  of  Plasynpenrhyn.esq. 
Pembroke.- Hon.  R.  F.  Greville,  of  Castle  hall. 
Radnor.— John  Jones,  of  Cefnmaes,  esq. 


Gazette  Preferments. 

Dec.  29.  Henry  Robertson,  esq.  to  be  one  of 
Her  Majesty's  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen  at - 
Anns,  mce  Shield. 

Jan.  14.    Augustus  Paget,  esq.,  now  Secre- 

2R 


806 


Promotions  and  Preferments. 


[March, 


tary  of  Legation  at  Athens,  to  be  Secretary  of 
Lention  at  the  Haupie. 

Jan.  16.  Alex.  Currie,  esq.  advocate,  to  be 
Sheriff  of  Forfarshire,  vice  L'Amy,  resigiied. 

Jan.  17.  Francis  Smith,  esq.  to  be  Solicitor- 
General,  Edward  MacDowell,  esq.  Crown  Soli- 
citor and  Clerk  of  the  Peace,  Kdward  John- 
stone Manley,  esq.  Colonial  Auditor,  and  John 
Forster,  esq.  Accountant  of  Stores  in  Van 
Diemen's  Land. 

Jan.  18.  The  VAt^hi  Hon.  Spencer  Horatio 
Walpole,  the  Rijrht  Hon.  Joseph  Napier,  Sir 
Alexander  J.  E,  Cockburn,  Attorney-General, 
Sir  Richard  Bethell.  Solicitor-General,  Thomas 
Emerson  Headlam,  esq.  Q.C,  Vincent  Scully, 
esq.  Q.C,  Robert  Lowe,  esq.  barrister-at-law, 
William  David  I^wis,  esq.  barrister-at-Iaw, 
Henry  Drummond,  esq.,  John  Evelyn  Denison, 
esq.,  Robert  Wilson,  esq.,  and  William  iftrick- 
land  Cookson,  esq.  to  be  Commissioners  for 
considering^  the  Reji^stration  of  Title  with  re- 
ference to  the  sale  and  transfer  of  Land. 

Jan,  24.  Stephen  Rice,  esq.  to  be  Treasurer 
for  Prince  Edward  Island. 

Jan.  26.  Thomas  Hare,  esq.  and  Walker 
Skirrow,  esq.  the  Inspectors  for  the  puri>ose8 
ofthe  Charitable  Trusts  Act,  1853,  to  be, Jointly 
with  the  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Charity 
Commissioners  for  England  and  Wales,  Official 
Trustees  of  Charitable  Funds. 

Jan.  SO.  Royal  Artillery,  Col.  R.  Jones  to  be 
Col. -Commandant ;  Lieut.-Col.  F.  Haultain  to 
be  Colonel ;  brevet  Major  H.  J.  Morris  to  be 
Lieut  -Colonel.— Anthony  Musfprave,  esq.  to  be 
Colonial  Secretary  and  Cflerk  of  the  Crown  for 
Antigua.— Doctor  Paolo  Dingli  to  be  President 
ofthe  Conrt  of  Appeal,  Doctor  Antonio  Mical- 
lef  one  of  her  Majesty's  Judres,  and  Doctor 
Adriano  Dinffli  Crown  Advocate,  m  Malta. 

Jan.  81.  William  Courthone,  esq.  Rouge 
Croix  Pursuivant  of  Arms,  to  be  Somerset 
Herald. 

West  Somerset  Yeomanry  Cavalry,  Lieut.- 
Colonel  the  Hon.  W.  H.  15.  Portman  to  be 
Colonel,  vice  Colonel  Tynte,  who  is  permitted 
to  retain  the  rank  of  Colonel  of  Yeomanry, 
without  pay,  in  consideration  of  56  years* 
service. 

Feb.  3.  3d  Light  Dragoons,  brevet  Major 
Walter  Unett  to  be  Major.— 49th  Foot,  Capt. 
C.  T.  Powell  to  be  Major.— 56th  Foot,  Major 
Souldon  Oakeley  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt. 
S.  S.  Cox  to  be  Major.— 2d  West  India  Regi- 
ment, Major  H.  \V.  Whitfield  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel.— Brevet,  Major  J.  W.  Randolph,  of 
49th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel  ;  Capt.  J.  G. 
Holmes,  59th  Bengal  N.  Inf.  to  the  rank  of 
Major  in  the  East  Indies. 

Feb.  4.  Alexander  Stuart  Logan,  esq.  advo- 
cate, to  be  Sheriff  of  Forfarshire. 

Feb.  6.  Royal  Artillery,  brevet  Colonel  W. 
Brereton  to  be  Colonel;  Capt.  J.  M'Coy  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel. 

Feb.  7.  17th  Light  Dragoons,  Major-Gen. 
Sir  J.  M.  Wallace  to  be  Colonel.— 16th  Foot, 
Major-Gen.  T.  E.  Napier,  C.B.  to  be  Colonel.— 
60th  Foot,  Lieot.-Gen.  Viscount  Gough,G.C  H. 
to  be  Colooel-in-Chii'f. 

Feb.  10.  Philip  Edmund  Wodehouse,  esq., 
some  time  Superintendent  of  Honduras,  to  be 
Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief  of  British 
Guiana.— 10th  Light  Dragoons,  Major  John 
Wilkie  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel;  Capt.  Lord  G.  A. 
Beauclerk  to  be  Maior. 

Feb.  13.  James  Robinson  Planch^,  gent,  to 
be  Rouge  Croix  Pursuivant  of  Arms. 

Feb.  14.  Hercules  George  Robert  Robinson, 
esq.  to  be  President  and  Senior  Member  of 
Council  of  Montserrat  —Stephen  Rice  and 
George  Birnie,  esquires,  to  be  Members  of  the 
Executive  (Council ;  and  Joseph  llensley,  esq. 
to  be  a  Member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  ot 
Prince  Edward's  Island.- Alfred  J.  Duncorae 


and  William  Hamilton,  etqniraa,  to  be  Mem- 
bers of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the  Tories 
and  Caicos  Islands. 

Feb.  16.  John  Bowring,  LL.D.  Governor  of 
Hongkonr,  and  Her  Majesty's  Plenipotentiary 
and  Chief  Superintendent  of  Britisn  Trade  in 
China,  knighted  by  the  Queen. 

Feb.  17.  Scots  rusilier  Guards,  Major  and 
Col.  Henry  Lord  Rokeby  to  be  Lient.-Colonel ; 
Capt.  and  Lieut.-Col.  and  Col.  G.  M.  Eden  to 
be  Major;  Lieut,  and  Capt.  U.  P.  De  Bathe 
to  be  Captain  and  Lieut.-Col.- Royal  Artillery : 
to  be  Col.-Commandant,  Colonel  J.  B.  Jones  ; 
to  be  Colonels.  Lieut.-Colonels  P.  V.  Enirland, 
I.  Whitty,  and  H.  L.  Sweeting;  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonels,  Captains  E.  V.  Grant,  J.  W.  Mitchell, 
G.  J.  Beresford,  R.  F.  Crawford,  J.  St.  George, 
W.  R.  Nedham,  E.  C.  Warde,  and  H.  C.  Stacc. 
—Royal  Engineers;  to  be  Col.-Commandant, 
Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  H.  Goldfinch,  K.C.B.;  to  be 
Colonels,  Lien t. -Col.  P.  Barry,  brevet  Col.  Sir 
W.  Reid,  and  Lieut.-Colonel  W.  R.  Ord;  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonels,  brevet  Majors  H.  Servante, 
H.  O.  Crawley,  J.  Twiss,'J.  Walpole,  T.  A. 
Larcom,  brevet  Lieut.-Col.  E.  Vicars,  brevet 
Majors  St.  Aubyn  Molesworth,  E.  Frome,  and 
Capt.  C.  E.  Wilkinson. 

Feb.  21.  Lord  Raglan.  G.C.B.  to  be  Com- 
mander-in-Chief of  the  Forces  about  proceeding 
on  a  particular  service;  Colonels  H.  J.  W. 
Bentinck,  Sir  Colin  Campbell.  R.C.B.,  Richard 
Airey,  and  William  Eyre,  C.B.  to  be  Briga- 
diers-General while  employed  upon  the  Staff 
of  the  same  forces. 

Feb.  24.  Grenadier  Guards,  Capt.  and  Ueut.- 
Col.  and  brevet  Col.  T.  Wood  to  be  Major; 
Lieut,  and  Capt.  B.  W.  Pakenbaro  to  be  dapt. 
and  Lieut.-Colonel. 


Sir  John  Eardley  Wllmot,  Bart,  to  be  Judge 
of  the  Bristol  County  Court,  vice  Palmer ;  and 
Edward  Cooke,  eso.  to  be  Judge  of  the  York 
County  Court,  rice  Etsley. 

Gcorre  Atkinson,  esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
to  be  a  Serieant-at-law. 

Loft  us  Henry  Bland,  esq.  M.P..  Richard 
Armstrong,  esq.,  and  John  Thomas  Ball,  LL.D. 
to  be  Queen's  Counsel  in  Ireland. 

Francis  Henry  Ramsbotham,  M.D.  to  be 
Obstetric  Physician  to  the  London  Hospital. 


Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament, 

Brecknock.— John  L.  V.  Watkins,  esq. 
Devonshire  fSouthJ.—lAwrence  Palk,  esq. 
Gloue  (Bast).Sir  Michael  H.H.Beach,Bart. 
L<<ftttm.— Jonathan  Joseph  Richardson,  esq. 
Louth  Countp. —Chich.  Fortescue,  esq.  re-ei. 
Ludlow.— Hon.  Percy  E.  Herbert. 
Oxford  Univer»itv.-~S\r  W.  Heathcote,  Bart. 
Shropshire  ( Southj. —fLobert  Cllve,  esq. 
Stt^fordshire  (South).— hotA  Paget. 
Sufsex  (Wesf).—\\enij  Wyndham,  esq. 


Naval  Frefermkkts. 

Jan.  12.  Capt.  the  Earl  of  Hardwicke  to  be 
Rear-Admirnl  on  the  Reserved  Halflpay  List  { 
Capt.  H.  D.  Chads,  CB.  to  be  Rear- Admiral  of 
the  Blue;  Captains  John  Shekel  and  G.  O. 
Leropriere  to  be  Retired  Rear-Admirals  on  the 
terms  proposed  1st  Sept.  184C. 

Jan.2\.  Vice- Admirals  F.  Temple  and  H. 
Gordon,  on  the  Reserved  Halfpay  List,  to  l>e 
Admirals  on  the  same  list.— Capt.  John  Robb 
to  theCassar  90. 

Jan.  23.  Capt.  James  Willcox  to  the  Dragon  6. 
-Capt.  William  K.  Hall  to  the  Bulldog  A.« 
Comm.  George  P.  Mends  to  the  James  Watt  90. 

Jan,  96.  Comm.  Henry  Croft  to  the  Ciesar  90. 


1854.] 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments. '^Births. 


807 


Jan.  87.  Capt.  A.  T.  E.  Vidal  to  be  Rear- 
Admiral  of  the  Blue ;  Capt.  J.  G.  Graham  to  be 
Retired  Rear-A.dmiral,  on  the  terms  proposed 
Ist  Sept.  1846. 

Feb.  3.  Comm.  Augustus  S.  Booth  to  the 
Nile  90. 

/eb.io.  Capt.  James  Hope,  C.B.,  and  Comm. 
Alex.  C.  Gordon,  to  the  Majestic  81. 

Feb.  11.  Retfr-Adm.  Hon.  William  Gordon 
to  be  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Blue ;  Captain  John 
Leith  to  be  Rear-Adroiral  of  the  Blue. 

Feb.  16.  Capt.  Richard  S.  Hewlett  to  be 
fla?-Captain  in  the  Edinburg^h,  in  one  of  the 
divisions  of  the  Baltic  squadron. 

Feb.  ai .  Capt.  E.  A.  Ingrlefield  to  the  Phcentx 
steam  sloop,  for  Sir  Edw.  Belcher's  expedition 
to  Beechey  Island. 


Ecclesiastical  PRSFfiaMKNTs. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Mathias,  Archdeaconry  of  Colombo. 
Rev.  R.  Dumford  (R.  of  Middleton),  Honorary 

Canonry  in  the  Church  of  Manchester. 
Rev.  W.  Procter,  Honorary  Canonry  in  the 

Cathedral  Church  of  Durham. 
Rev.  W.  Greenwell.  (Principal  of  Neville  Hall, 

Durham,)  Minor  Cnnon  of  Durham. 
Rev.  W.  Acton,  Wicklewood  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  T.  Badcock,  Fieckney  D.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  G.  A.  Baker  (K.  of  Fingest),  Ibstone  R. 

Oxfordshire  (now  consolidated). 
Rev.   H.    Battiscombe,   St.  German's    Place 

Chapel,  Charlton,  Kent. 
Rev.  M.  D.  Blanchard,  Kilnwick-by-Watton 

P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  1.  Bowman,  Walton  P.C.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  K.  P.  Brett,  Sandhurst  V.  Gloucestersh. 
Rev.  D.  Brown,  Howick  R.  Northumberland. 
Rev.  W.  Burns,  Grimsargh  P.C.  Lancashire. 
Rev.  C.  Carus- Wilson,  Eastry  V.  Kent. 
Rev.  J.  Champney,  Epperstone  R.  Notts. 
Rev.  H.  L  Cummins,  St.  Alban,  Wood  Street, 

w.  St.  Olave  R.  Silver  Street,  London. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Dakers,  Hawick  Episcopal  Chapel, 

diu.  Glasgow. 
Rev.  H.  Dale,  Wilby  R.  Northamptonshire. 
Rev.D.W.  Davies,  Llanelltyd  P.C.Merionethsh. 
Rev. U.J.  Dod.sworth,  ManningtreeP.C.  Essex. 
Rev.  C.  Dowson,  Lesbury  V.Northumberland. 
Rev.  R.  J.  Dunn,  Huntsham  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  G.  Edwards,  Pittingtun  V.  Durham. 
Rev.  T.  Fawsett,  East  Stoke  V.  w.  Coddington 

C.  Syerston  C.  and  Elston  C.  Notts. 
Rev. W. Fleetwood,  Swaffhain-BuIbeckV.Camb. 
Rev.  J.  Fox,  Hedon  V.  York. 
Rev.  G.  Garuett,  Accrington  P.C.  Lancashire. 
Rev.  P.  Gilpin,  Yaicombe  V.  Devon. 
Rev.  U.  Goodrich,  Tidenham  V.  Gloucestersh. 
Rev.  W.  Halton,  Braustone  R.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  G.  H.  Hamilton,  Berwick-upon-Tweed  V. 

Northumberland. 
Rev.  W.  Hamilton,  Scalford  V.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  J.  B.    Harrison,  Walmer  P.C.   w.   St. 

Saviour's  C.  Kent. 
Rev.  T.  Harrison,  Newchurch  R.  and  V.  Kent. 
Rev.  C.  J.  Hawkins,  Haxey  V.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  J.  Hayes,  CoalbrookUale  PC.  Salop. 
Rev.  J.  Healy,  Redmile  R.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  W.  B.  Holland,  Brasted  R.  Kent. 
Rev.  D.  P.  M.  Hulbert,  St.  Philip's  Chapel, 

Kingsland,  Middlesex. 
Rev.  L.  T.  M.  Hunt,  Oulton  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev. H.J.Jackson.  Prystone-Monk  P.C.Yorksh. 
Rev.  A.  Jenour,  St.  John  P.C.  Blackpool,  Lane. 
Rev.  G.  li.  S.  Johnson,  Weyhill  R.  Hants. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Jones,  Burghill  V.  Herefordshire. 
Rtv.  H.  P.  Leakey,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Swansea, 

Glamorganshire. 
Rev.  E.  Lewis,  Knockmark  V.  dio.  Meath. 
Rev.  C.  C.  Lowndes,  Lectureship  at  St.  Cuth- 

Rev. C.  Marshall,"  Harpurhey  PC.  Lancashire. 


Rev.  S.W.  Maul,  Bramford  V.w.  BarstallCSnff. 
Rev.  G.  W.  S.  Menteath,  Hascomb  R.  Surrey. 
Rev.  T.  P.  Metcalfe,  Bilbrough  P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.J.P.A.Mor8head,SalcomDe-Regi8V.Devon. 
Rev.  H.  Owen,  Llanerchymedd  P.C.  Anglesey. 
Rev.  G.  Parker,  Templedoran  R.  dio.  Cloyne. 
Rev.  T.  Reynolds,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Wool- 

irich,  Kent. 
Rev.  H.  Roundell,  Buckingham  V. 
Rev.  F.  P.  Seymour,  Hannington  R.-Hants* 
Rev.  D.  Slyman,  St.  Paul  P.C.  Withnell,  Lane. 
Rev.  C.  F.  Smith,  Crediton  V.  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  B.  Smith.  Dorsington  R.  Gloacestersb. 
Rev.  S.  Smith,  Worth  P.O.  Kent. 
Rev.  S.  B.  Smyth,  Barling  V.  Essex. 
Rev.  D.  Stewart,  Maidstone  P.C.  Kent. 
Rev.  J.  Stroud,  Bondleigh  (or  Bundley)  R.  Dev. 
Rev.  C.  V.  H.  Sumner,  >Vest  Cliffe  V.  Kent. 
Rev.G.D.Tliompson,  Queenborough  P.C.  Kent. 
Rev.  R.  D.  Travers,  Swanage  R.  Dorset. 
Rev.  W.  Vallance,  Southchurch  R.  Essex. 
Rev.J.H.Wake,Sutton-on.the-ForestV.York8b. 
Rev.  R.  Walker,  Bumstead-Helion  V.  Essex. 

Tb  Chaplaincies, 

Rev.  H.  Alexander,  H.M.S.  Neptune. 

Hev.  C.  J.  E.  R.  Archdeacon,  Naval  Instructor 

to  H. M.S.  Cressy. 
Rev.  W.  Baxter  (Colonial),  Hong  Kong. 
Rev.  T.  Davis,  H.M.S.  Pique. 
Rev.  F.  Fitz- Patrick,  to  Marquess  of  Headfort. 
Rev.  F.  Fleming,  to  the  Forces.  Manritius. 
Hon.  and  Rev.  A.  A.  B.  Hanbury,  to  Lord 

Bateman. 
Rev.  F.  Hannan,  H.M.  Guardship  Hogne. 
Rev  C.  S.  Hassells,  Colonial  for  the  Gold  Coast. 
Rev.  K.  M.  Knapp,  Naval  Instructor  to  H.M.S. 

James  Watt. 
Rev.  C.  Marshall,  to  the  General  Cemetery, 

Harpurhey,  Manchester. 
Rev.  F.  H.  S.  Pendleton,  at  Monte  Video. 
Rev.  S  K.  Stothert,  H.M.S.  Queen. 
Rev.  J.  Thorp,  City  Gaol,  Oxford. 
Rev.  M.  Warburton,  to  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere. 
Rev.  C.  O.  Yeo,  H.M.S.  James  Watt. 

Collegiate  and  Scholastic  Appointments, 

Rev.  R.  D.  Dingle,  Vice-Principal  of  the  Dio- 
cesan Training  School^  Durham. 

Rev.  R.  Gunnery,  Association  Secretary  of  the 
Church  of  Enf^land  Education  Societv. 

Rev.  G.  P.  Hams,  Head-Mastership  of  Wrex- 
ham Grammar  School,  Denbighshire. 

Rev.  T.  Jarrett,  Regius  Professorsh.  of  Hebrew, 
University  of  Cambridge. 

Rev.  W.  Rawson,  Diocesan  Inspect,  of  Schools 
for  the  Deanery  of  Wendover,  Bucks. 

Rev.  H.  G.  Williams,  Professorship  of  Arabic, 
University  of  Cambridge. 

J.  H.  Gedge,  B.A.  Assistant-Mastership,  Pro- 
prietary School,  Islington. 

Max  MuUer,  M.A.  Professorship  of  Modern 
Languages,  University  of  Oxford. 

E.  V.  Williams,  B.A.  Assistant-Master,  Gram- 
mar School,  Dedham,  Essex. 

H.  Kingscote,  to  be  Secretary  to  the  Cathedral 
Commission. 


BIRTHS. 

Nov.  26.  At  Cape  Town,  the  Hon.  Mrs 
Henry  Barrington,  a  dan. 

Jan.  5.  The  Duchess  d'Anmale,  a  second 
son,  which  received  the  title  of  Due  de  Guise. 

10.    At  Bayswater,  the  wife  of  George  Vul- 

liamy,  esq.  a  son. At  Gloucester  terr.  Hyde 

park,  the  wife  of  Wm.  Edm.  Pole,  esq.  a  son 

and  a  dau. 15.     At   Aldermaston   Court, 

Berks.  Mrs.  HIgford  Burr,  a  son. — 16.  At 
Canterbury,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Edmund  Corn- 
wall Legh,  97th  Regt.  a  son. 17-    At  Keon- 

brook ,  Carrick-on-Shannon,  the  wife  of  Lieut, 


d08 


Marriages, 


[March, 


John  F.  Tottenham,  R.N.  a  dau. At  Lonf^- 

ford,  Salop,  Lady  Hester  Leeke,  a  son. 18. 

In  St.  James's  sq.  Lady  Lyttelton,  a  son. 

22.    At  the  Lodnng^s,  Brasenose,  Oxford,  Mrs. 

Harington,  a  aau. 23.    At   Westminster, 

the  wife  of  the  Rev.  H.  G.  Liddell.  a  dan. 

In  Thurloe  sq.  the  wife  of  Wm.  Digfby  Seymonr, 

esq.   M.P.  a  son. 24.    At    Holkham,    the 

Countess  of  Leicester,  a  dau. 25.  At  Wells, 

the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Beadon  Heathcote, 

a  dau. 26.    At  Carlton  terrace,  the  Countess 

of  Caledon,  a  son.— At  Rise,  near  Hull,  the  wife 

of  Wm.  Bethell,  esq.  a  son. At  Malta,  the 

wife  of  R  Cornwall  Legh,  esq.  Assist.  Sec.  a 

dau. At  Grenofen,  near  Tavistock,  the  wife 

of  William  Henry  Chichester,  esq.  a  dau. 

27.     At  Castle  Rising  rectory,  Mrs.  Charles 

W.  Bagot,  a  dau. At  Belgrave  sq.  the  wife 

of  Edward  Majoribanks,  jun.  esq.  a  dau. 

The  wife  of  Wm.  Harcourt  Clare,  esq.  of  Twy- 

cross,  Leic.  a  son. 30.    At  the  Priory,  Tem- 

plemore,  Ireland,  Lady  Carden,  a  son  and  heir. 

31.    At  Ickleford  house,  near  Uitchin,  the 

Hon.    Mrs.  F.  Dudley  Ryder,   a  dau. In 

Hans  place,  the  wife  of  Philip  Rose,  esq.  a  son. 
At  Gosport,  the  wife  of  H.  D.  P.  Cunning- 
ham, esq.  R.N..  F.S.A.  a  son. 
Feb.  1.    At  Ellon  castle,  N.B.  the  wife  of  C. 

Elphinstone  Dairy mple,  esq.  a  son. 2.    At 

the  house  of  Lady  Harriet  Mitchell,  Wokinir- 
ham,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Hugh  Mitchell, 

Gren.  Guards,  a  son. At  Raawell  house, 

near  Baldock,  Herts,  the  wife  of  Francis  Leslie 

Pyro,  esq.   a  dau. At  Gloucester  terrace, 

Hyde  park,  the  wife  of  Alexander  Lindsay,  esq. 

a  dau. 3.    At  Avening  rectory,  the  wife  of 

Capt.  Warburton,  a  son. In  Tavistock  sq. 

the  wife  of  Edw.  Solly,  esq.  F.R.S.  a  son. 

4.    At  Colesborne,  the  wife  of  J.  H.  Rlwes,  esq. 

a  son. The  wife  of  Alfred  Arthur  Wallis, 

esq.  of  Healing  Wells,  Line,  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Kingscote  cottage,  GIouc.  the  wife  of 

Capt.  Henrv  B.  Savile,  a  dau. 5.    In  Charles 

street,  Berkeley  sq.  the  Marchioness  of  Or- 
monde, a  dau. At  Berry  hill,  Notts,  the 

lady  of  Sir  Edw.  Walker,  a  dau. 6.  In  Gros- 

venor  st.  the  Viscountess  Brackley,  a  son. 

In  Park  st.  Grosvenor  sq.  the  wife  of  Geo.  U. 
Elliott,  esq.  of  Binfield  park,  Berks,  a  son  and 

heir. 7.    At  Upper  Grosvenor  street.  Lady 

Dorothy  Nevill,  a  dau. At  Bradenham  hall, 

Norf.  the  wife  of  Wm.  Haggard,  esq.  a  son. 

8.  At  Writtle  park,  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  Fred. 

Petre,  ason. At  Belfield,  near  Dublin,  the 

wife  of  Major  William  Crompton,  a  son. 

9.  At  the  residence  of  the  Earl  of  Wemyss, 
Edinburgh,  tlie  Right  Hon.  the  Countess  of 

Warwick,  a  son. 11.  At  Haverholme  priory, 

the  Countess  of  Winchelsea,  a  dau.  — 13.    At 
Blackadder,  Lady  Houston  Boswell,  of  twins, 

a  son  and  dau. In  Upper  Brook  st.  the  wife 

of  Charles  Penruddocke,  esq.  of  Compton  park, 
Wilts,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

July  1.  At  Melbourne,  Austr.  Heury  Patte- 
son,  esq.  to  Sophia-Elvina,  second  dan.  of  Lyn- 
den  Polngdestre,  esq. 

26.  At  Motueka,  New  Zealand,  A.  L.  G. 
Campbell,  esq.  second  son  of  the  late  Sir  Alex. 
Campbell,  Bart,  of  Abbemchil,  Perthshire,  to 
Hester-Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Edw. 
B.  Copeman,  esq.  of  Coltishall,  Norfolk. 

Aug.  30.  At  Cairnsmore,  Galloway,  Alex. 
Clark  Forbes,  esq.  barrister,  only  son  of  Sir 
John  Forbes,  M.D.  of  London,  to  Lillias- Miller, 
eldest  dau.  of  James  Stewart,  esq.  of  Cairns- 
more.  At  Wellington,  New  Zealand,  Lieut. 

F.  R.  Chetney,  R.  Eng.  to  Grace,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Wm.  Rarr,  esq.  of  Hamilton,  N.  B. 

Sept.  1.  At  WoUaton,  Notts,  John  Richard 
Smyth  WalUt,  esq.  of  Drishane  castle,  co.  Cork, 


late  of  4th  Draroon  Guards,  to  OctaTia  Wil- 
longhby,  of  Woflaton  house. 

Oct,  12.  At  Trinity,  Allahabad,  Frederic 
Augustus  Sage,  esq.  llth  Regt.  B.N.I,  to 
Helen-Ramsay,  second  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  D. 
Birrell,  5Ist  Regt.  B.N.I. 

Nov.  14.  At  Barrackpore,  Capt.  H.  W.  Crau- 
furd,  R.N.  to  Annabella-Goodenourh,  eldest 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Dean  of  Wells. 

17.  At  Bombay,  Major  J.  Tail,  CB.  Comm. 
of  the  Southern  Mahratta  Irregular  Horse,  to 
Catherine-Ellis,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.- 
Col.  Frederick  Hiokes.  Bombay  Army. 

26.  At  Rugby,  Isaac  Soooner,  esq.  Lincoln's 
inn,  only  son  of  the  late  Isaac  Spooner,  esq.  to 
Charlotte-Augusta,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Chatfleld  Tyler,  esq.  Forelands,  Broms- 
grove. 

SO.  At  Donhead  St.  Andrew,  Wilts,  the  Rev. 
Charles  Fane  Edge,  M.A.  son  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Edge,  Rector  of  Nedgina^  and  Naughton,  SoiT. 
to  Emma-Merrick,  fourth  dau.  of  tlie  Rev.  W. 

Dansey,  Rector  of  Donhead  St.  Andrew. 

At  Antony,  Cornwall,  Henry  Maxwell  Lefrajf, 
esq.  Montague  sq.  to  Annette,  youngest  dao. 
of  the  late  David  F.  Bate,  esq.  surgeon. 

Dec.  1.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Alfred  Beelet, 
esq.  to  Maria,  dan.  of  Sir  James  C.  Anderson. 

Bart. At  Tunbridge  Wells,  the  Rev.  Alflred 

Stephen  Heuslett,  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Hew- 
lett, esq.  Harrow-on-the-Hill,  to  Clara-Vir- 
ginia, eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Alfred  Stephen,  Chief 

Justice  of  Sydney,  N.  S.Wales. At  Dover, 

Thos.  Stokes  Hodge,  esq.  of  Sidmonth,  Devon* 
to  Eliza,  widow  or  Major  Lettsom,  of  the  80th 
Regt. At  Leicester,  Henry  Waddelow  Mar- 
tin, esq.  eldest  son  of  Henry  Martin,  esq.  of 
Littleport,  to  Eliza,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev. 

Joseph  Chamberlain. At  East  Teignmouth* 

the  Rev.  Sydney  Geone  Selwyn,  to  Frances, 
the  eldest  dau.  of  Alfred  Protheroe,  esq.  of 

Castle  Godwyn,  Glouc. At  Charles  the  Mar- 

tyr,  Plymouth,  the  Rev.  J.  Bartlett,  B.A.  Vicir 
of  St.  Blazcy.  Cornwall,  to  Annie,  second  dau. 

of  E.  Nettleton,  esq.  of  Plymouth. Robert 

Onebye  Walker,  Assistant-Chaplain  H.B.I.CS. 
to  Anne-Emmeline,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  S.  T. 

Gully,  Rector  of  Berrynarbor,  Devon. At 

Berne,  William  Dyllwyn  latuon,  son  of  Alfk^ 
lanson,  esq.  to  Aaa,  eldest  dau.  of  Capt.  Robt. 

ITiornhill. At   Ormskirk,   the   Rev.  C.  J. 

Forshaw,  to  Maria,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Isaac 
Raines,  esq.  M.D.  of  Burton  Pidsea,  near  linll. 
At  Croydon,  William  Long,  esq.  of  Wind- 
sor, to  Carolina,  second  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Jacob,  esq.  formerly  of  Sestries,  Kent. 

2.  At  St.  Dunstan's-in-the-West,  Henrf 
Figg,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Col.  Figg.  R.  Eng. 

to  Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  Capt.  Figg,  R.N 

At  Belfast,  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Barter,  Incumbent 
of  Glcnties,  Donegal,  to  Eliza,  dau.  of  William 
Ewart,  esq.  Glenbank,  Belfast. 

3.  At  West  Teignmouth,  James  R.  Holliganm 
esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  Mary,  third  dau.  of 

the  Hon.  George  N.  Taylor,  of  Barbados 

At  St.  Stephen 's-by-Saltash,  Cornwall,  Samp- 
son Revell,  esq.  to  Grace-Kngenie,  only  daa. 
of  Andrew  Smith,  esq.  suiveon  R.N.  and 
granddau.  of  the  late  Peter  Van  Lennep,  esq. 
of  Smyrna. 

6.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Walker* 
eldest  son  of  Walker  Skirrow,  esq.  Q«C.  Com- 
missioner in  Bankrnpty,  to  Emily,  widow  of 
Skynner  George  Woodroffe,  esq.  of  Hamstall 
Ridware,  StaffTand  voungest  dan.  of  the  late 

George  Rush.  esq.  of  Elsenham  hall,  Essex. 

At  Weymouth,  the  Rev.  Robert  Hawkesworth* 
Steele  Rogers,  to  Margaret-Stenart,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  W.  F.  Arnold,  esq.  Capt.  19th  Lan- 
cers, of  Little  Missenden  aobey.  Bucks. 

At  Margate,  the  Rev.  Edward  Boys  Bliwum, 
Rector  of  Berwick,  Sussex,  to  Georgina-Fmn- 
ces,  second  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John 


1854.] 


Marriages. 


309 


riummer,  esq.  of  Bedford  square  and  Marnte. 

At  Oxford,  Mr.  Edward  Delamotte,  of  the 

R.  Mil.  college,  Sandhurst,  to  Katherine,  eldest 

dau.  of  Mr.  Hester,  Town  Clerk  of  Oxford. 

At  Frank  ton,  the  Rev.  John  Morgan  Brotcn, 
son  of  James  Brown,  esq.  of  Dudsonry,  Lane, 
to  Frances-Lake,  fifth  dan.  of  the  Rev.  Henry 

Bellairs.  Rector  of  Bedworth,   Warw. At 

St.  Mark's  Kenning^ou,  David  Leopold  Letoit, 
esq.  of  Walbrook,  to  Eliza-Pritchard,  yoong^est 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Skerry,  86th  Foot,  and 

sister  of  Capt.  C  J.  Skerry,  81st  Foot. At 

Hamsey,  Georfce  Henry  Cazalet,  esq.  of  Chit- 
tenham,  late  Capt.  33rd  Ref^t.  to  Emma-Ger- 
trude, eldest  dau.  of  R.  P.  Philpott,  esq.  of 

Offham  bouse,  near  Lewes. At  Hereford, 

the  Rev.  Edward  Nugent  Bree,  Vicar  of  All 
Saints'  in  that  city,  to  Elizabeth,  third  sur- 
viving dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  James  King,  of 
Staunton  park,  Heref.  and  Rector  of  St.  Peter- 
le-Poer,  London. 

7.  At  Southoe.  Hunts,  the  Rev.  F.  Logier 
Lamottet  M.A.  Curate  of  Stillingfleet,  Yorksh. 
to  Maria,  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Moorsom, 

esq.  of  Airy  hall,  Whitby. At  Nantgwyilt, 

Radnor,  the  Rev.  Rhv's  Jones  Lloyd,  BA.  Rec- 
tor of  Troedyraur,  Oird.  to  Anna,  eldest  dau. 

of  Thomas  Lewis  Lloyd,  esq. At  Richmond, 

Capt.  William  Leckie,  S9th  Regt.  to  Henrietta, 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  B.  Winning,  of  Bed- 
ford. 

8.  At  Paris.  Charles  Drury  Hazen,  esq.  of 
Ruddington.  Notts,  to  Charlotte,  widow  of 
Thomas  Radcliff  Symes,  esq.  of  Ballybegg,  co. 
Wicklow,  third  dau.  of  the  Hight  Hon.  John 
Richards,  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  Ireland. 

At  Leckhampton,  Cheltenham,  the  Rev. 

Joseph  Bonoorth,  D.D.  and  F.R.S.  to  Anne- 
Margaret,  widow  of  Col.  Hamilton  Elrington. 

At  Othery,  near  Bridgwater,  Abraham  Hil- 

hou9e,  esq.  of  Clifton,  to  Anne-Noble,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Sbipton,  D.D.  Rector 

of  Portishead. At   Kensmgton,  the   Rev. 

Benedict  Arthure,  Incumbent  of  St.  Cathe- 
rine's, Tranmere,  Cheshire,  to  Josephine-Jane, 
third  dan.  of  the  late  Humphry  Ballard,  esq. 
The  Rev.  C.Grant  Chittenden,  to  Caroline- 
Isabella,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Francis  T.  Faithfull, 

Rector  of    Hatfield,    Herts. At  Brighton, 

Frederick -Thomas,  only  son  of  T.  M.  a«7/i, 
esq.  of  Bracondale,  near  Norwich,  to  E.  C. 
Gertrude,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  But- 
terfield,  M.A.  Minor  Canon  of  Windsor,  and 

Rector   of  Fulmer,  Bucks. At   Stamford, 

John  Perkins,  esq.  71st  Bengal  N.I.  second  son 
of  John  Perkins,  esq.  M.D.  of  Brussels,  to 
Maria,    only  dau.    ot    M.   W.  Jackson,    esq. 

F.R.C.S. At  St.  George's  Bloomsbury,John 

Hindmarsh,  esq.  barrister,  only  son  of  Capt. 
Sir  John  Hindmarsh,  R.N.,  K.H.  Governor  of 
Heligoland,  to  Mary,  third  dau.  of  Samuel 

Long,  esq.  of  Southsea. At  Crosthwaite, 

Cumb.  Capt.  George  Seton,  R.  Canadian  Rifle 
Regt.  to  Anne-Lucy,  only  surviving  dau.  of 

the  late  Baldwin  Wake,  esq.  M.D. At  Malta, 

Comm.  Leopold  G.  Heath,  R.N.  of  Moorhurst, 
Surrey,  to  Mary-Emma,  dfth  dau.  of  the  late 
Arthur  Cuthbert  Marsh,  esq.  of  Eastbury,  near 
Watford,  Herts. 

10.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Richard 
Rodd,  esq.  of  East  Stonehouse,  to  Martha- 
.Sophia,  relict  of  the  late  M.  A.  Gosselin,  esq. 

2nd  Bombay  Light  Cav. At  St.  George's 

Hanover  sq.  Commodore  Sir  Charles  Hotham, 
K.C.B.  to  the  Hon.  Jane-Sarah,  widow  of  Hugh 
Holbech,  esq.  of  Farnborongh,  Warw.  and  dau. 
oi  Lord  Bridport. 

12.  At  Chard,  the  Rev.  Hugh  Chafyn  Grove 
Morris,  B.A.  eldest  son  of  the  late  J.  C.  G. 
.Morris,  esq.  Capt.  R.N.  of  Mere,  Wilts,  to 
Alice-Maria,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 

W.  B.  Whitehead,  Vicar  of  Chard. At  St. 

Pancras,  William  Henry  de  Carteret,esq.  R.N. 


to  Josephine,  eldest  dau.  of  H.  J.  R.  Elwor- 

thy^  esq. At  Paris,  the  Baron  d'Aerssen 

Beijeren  de  Vothol,  Chamberlain  to  the  King 
of  tne  Netherlands,  and  his  Counsellor  of  L^^- 
tion  at  Paris,  to  Anna-Maria,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Robert  Nassau  Sutton,  esq. 

IS.  At  Bermondsey,  Walter  iVopper,  esq.  of 
Brockham,  Surrey,  second  son  of  Henry  T. 
Napper,  esq.  of  Laken  lodge.  Sussex,  to  Anne- 
Adelaide,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Dr.  M'Lean, 

of  Bermondsey. The  Rev.  J.  Kynaston,  M.A. 

St.  Briavel's,  Glouc.  to  Mary,  dau.  of  J.  Peel, 

esq.  Middleton  hall,  Warw. At  St.  Luke's, 

Robert  C.  Thorp,  M.D.  of  the  H.E.I.C.S.  to 
Amelia-Catherine,  the  fourth  dau.   of  J.  J. 

Gabourel,  esq.  of  St.  Helier's. At  Thurles, 

co.Tipperary,Maj.  Gaisford,  73d  Highlanders, 
son  of  the  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  to  Jane- 
Vaughan,  dau.  of  the  Ven.  H.  Cotton,  Arch-, 
deacon  of  Cashel,  and  widow  of  Major  Monti- 
zambert,  10th  Foot. 

U.  At  Walmer,  the  Rev.  Thomas  N.  Bland^ 
Rector  of  Osgathorpe,  Leic.  to  Mary-Fuller, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  E.  Boys,  esq.  M.D.  of 

the   Royal  Hospital,    Haslar. At   Malton, 

Wm.  Walker,  esq.  to  Mary,  only  dau.  of  Thos. 

Etty,  esq.  of  Newbe^in  house,    Malton. 

At  Wandsworth,  William  Uenry  Domville,  esq, 
of  Lincoln's  inn,  3^ounger  son  of  Sir  W.  Dom- 
ville,  Bart,  to  Eliza-King,  surviving  dau.  of 
Col.  Aspinwall,  late  Consul-Gen.   of  United 

States  at  London. At  St.  George's  Hanover 

square,  the  Rev.  John  Fitxgeralat  son  of  the 
late  Gerald  Fitzgerald,  esq.  of  Bath,  and  the 
Queen's  County,  to  Clare,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  George  M.  Musgrave,  Vicar  of  Borden, 

Kent. At  Yoxford,  Suflblk,  the  Rev.  Percy- 

Sloper,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry 
Warren,  Rector  of  Ashington,  Sussex,  to  Mar- 
garet-Charlotte, eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
William  Barlee,  Rector  of  West  Chiltington. 

15.  At  Barnstaple,  Major  Walter^  of  Stoke 
hill,  Bishopstoke,  to  Caroline- Janetta,  eldest  < 

dau.  of  J.  B.  Bignell,  esq.  M.D. At  South- 

molton,  Thos.  Boulton,  \\ix\.  esq.  of  St.  John's 
wood,  to  Frances-Antonia,  youngest  dau.  of 

John  Elworthy  CutcliflTe,  esq. At  St.  Peter's 

Pimlico,  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  John  Venables 
Vernon,  Rector  of  Nuthall  and  Kirby,  Notts, 
to  Caroline,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  the 

Hon.  Sir  Edward  Paget,  G.C.B. At  Wells, 

('apt.  Henry  Hope  Bingham,  R.N.  to  Anne- 
Margaret,  eldest  dau.  of  James  Young,  esq. 
sister  of  the  Rev.  U.  Young,  Rector  of  Holies- 
ley,  Suflblk. At  St.  George's  Bloomsbury, 

Frederick  Vulliamy,  esq.  of  Ipswich,  to  Anne- 
Maria,  widow   of  Algernon    Frampton,  esq. 

M.D.  of  London. At  Sierra  Leone,  Lieut. 

Alexander,  Flag-Lieut,  to  Adm.  Bruce,  only 
son  of  the  late  Adm.  Alexander,  to  Jane-Lettia- 
Trou bridge,  only  dau.  of  Rear- Adm.  Bruce, 

Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Station. At 

Farnborongh,  Warw.  Lieut.-Col.  Henry  Cart- 
wright,  Gren.  Guards,  son  of  the  late  W.  R. 
Cartwright,  esq.  of  Aynhoe,  to  Jane,  dan.  of 

William  Holbech,  esq.  of  Farnborongh. At 

Streatham,  William  Blewitt,  esq.  of  Blackwall, 
and  Dove  house.  Pinner,  Middlesex,  to  Jane, 
only  dau.  of  James  Turner,  esq.  Streatham 

hill. At    Widcombe,    near   Bath,    Edward 

Foster  CouUon,  esq.  to  Elizabeth-Kerr,  relict 
of  Tliomas  Colville,  esq.  of  Annfleld,  Stirling- 
shire.  At  King's  Lynn,  Edward,  eldest  son 

of  Josh.  Grundv,  esq.  of  Fenny  Drayton,  to 
Mary  S.  eldest  dau.  of  H.  Pond,  esq.  Waterloo 
bouse.  High  street,  Lynn,  Norfolk. 

16.  At  Dublin,  Thomas  J.  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Brent  Neville,  esq.  of  Asborook,  co. 
Dublin,  to  Amelia  E.  eldest  dau.  of  Leander 
Ransom,  esq.  of  New  York. 

17.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  William 
Lotether,  esq.  youngest  son  of  the  Hon.  Col. 
Lowther,   H.B.M.  Secretary  of  Legation  at 


dio 


Marrmges, 


[March, 


Naples,  to  Charlotte-Alice,  dau.  of  tbe  Right 
Hon.  Baron  Parke. 

20.  At  Dublin,  Ferdinand  Hanbury  Willianu, 
es^.  of  Colnbrook  park,  Monmouthshire,  to 
Elizabeth-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Poroeroy  McRobert,  esq.  of  Ballyclough,  co. 
Down,  and  formerly  of  the  78th  Highlanders. 

At  Greenwich,  R.  F.  Morrison^  esq.  19th 

Regt.  only  son  of  Richard  Morrison,  esq.  and 
grandson  of  the  late  Sir  Richard  Morrison,  of 
Walcot,  Wicklow,  to  Jane,  fourth  dau.  of  the 
late  Colquhoun  Grant,  esq.  Staff  Surgeon  at 
Zante. At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  Frederick- 
Charles,  only  son  of  the  late  Major  General  Sir 
Charles  Ashworth,  K.CB.  and  K.T.S.  to  Bliza- 

beth,  dau.  of  Arthur  Frederick,  esq. At 

Bournemouth,  Hants,  the  Rev.  Edw.  Thringt 
Fellow  of  King's  college,  Camb.  and  Head 
Master  of  Uppingham  School,  to  Caroline- 
Marie- Luise,  dau.  of  the  late  Carl  Johann  Koch, 
of  Bonn,  of  his  Prussian  Majesty's  Customs. 
At  Woolborough,  Warren  Jane,  esq.  sur- 
geon, of  Newton  Abbot,  youngest  son  of  War- 
ren H.  Jane,  esq.  of  Chepstow,  to  Charlotte- 
Dorothy,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thos. 
Chilton  Lambton  Young,  Rector  of  Dodbrooke, 
Devon. 

21.  At  Long  Buckley,  Northampt.  the  Rev. 
Edward  Edwards  Montford,  B.A.  Curate  of 
Northborough,  near  Peterborough,  to  Isabella, 
only  dau. of  Soromersby  Edwards,  esq.  of  Long 

Buckley. At  Woodham,  Walter  Colley  Har- 

mau  Scotland,  esq.  barrister*at-law,  to  Sarah- 
Ann,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John 

Joseph  Bygrave,  esq. At  Thornton,  Samuel 

Skelton,  esq.  of  Pickering,  solicitor,  to  Hannah, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  R.  B.  Scbolefield, 

Vicar   of  Ganton. At   Prittlewell,    Essex, 

Lieut.  J.  Ruggle9t<\%i  Beog.  N.I.  to  Eliza,  third 
dau.  of  Col.  fiateman,  of  Norwood,  Surrey. 

22.  At  Farnbam  Royal,  Bucks,  Francis  Terry, 
esq.  B.A.  Exeter  college,  Oxford,  to  Eliza-Me- 
liora,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Tanner, 

esq.  of  Seaton,  Devonshire. At  All  Souls' 

Marylebone,  the  Right  Hon.  Holt  Mackenzie, 
of  Wimpole  st.  to  Harriet,  widow  of  Thomas 

Le  Marcliant.  esq.  of  Aspeden  lodge,  Herts. 

At  Bournemouth.  Dors.  Harry  Richd.  Parker ^ 
esq.  Hon.  E.I.C.S.  son  of  the  late  Major-Gen. 
J.  B.  Parker.  CB.,  R.  Art.  and  grandson  of 
the  late  Sir  Hyde  I'arker,  K.CB.  to  Louisa- 
Harriet,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rcar-Adm. 
John  Duff  Markland,  CB. 

24.  At  Paris,  William  Montagu  Leeds,  of 
the  50th,  third  son  of  Sir  Joseph  Leeds,  Bart. 
to  Emma,  eldest  dau.  of  Henry  Hildyard,  esq. 
late  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

26.  In  London,  William  Rowley,  esq.  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  John  Rowley,  of  Virginia,  and 
nephew  of  the  late  Adm.  sir  Josias  Rowley, 
Bart,  to  Rosetta,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Mr. 
Richard  Goddard. 

27.  At  Cambridge,  the  Rev.  T.  M.  Dickton, 
M.A.  Head  Master  of  the  Grammar  School, 
Berwick-upon-Tweed, to  Mary-Elizabeth,  elder 

dau.  of  William  Collin,  esq.  of  Cambridge. 

At  Chippenham,  Wilts,  George  Hayward,  esq. 
of  Headingley  hall,  near  I^eds,  to  Sophia- 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Capt.  H.  H.  Budd, 
R.N.  of  Chippenham. 

28.  At  Glasgow,  the  Rev.  John  Sherwen, 
M.A.  Bolton,  Cumberland,  to  Agnes,  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Edward  Hill,  esq.  Hutton  ball, 

Dumfriesshire. At  Lurgan,  James  Thotmon, 

esq.  of  Belfast,  eldest  son  of  the  late  James 
Thomson,  LL.D.  Professor  at  Glasgow,  to 
Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  the  late  W.  J.  Hancock, 

esq.  Assistant  Poor  Law  Commissioner. 

At  Liverpool,  the  Rev.  E.  W.  Lomax,  M.A.  of 
Ely,  to  Caroline,  eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  £.  Cox, 
Toxteth  park. 

29.  At  Doigelly,  the  Rev.  £.  W.  O.  Bridge- 
man,  Vicar  of  Kinnerlev,  Salop,  eldest  son  of 
Rear- Adm.  the  Hon.  C  O.  Bridgemao,  to  Lilla- 


Frances,  second  dau.  of  Ricbard  Richards,  esq. 

of  Caerynwch,  and  Park  crescent,  London. 

Robert  (Charles  Given,  esq.  to  Harriet,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  James  Lowry,  Rector  of  Wed- 
desden  (third  portion),  Bucks. At  Padding- 
ton,  Henry,  youngest  son  of  Edmund  Tre- 
kerne,  esq.  of  St.  George's  terrace,  Hyde  park, 
to  Harriet,  second  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  J. 

Harper,  esq.  of  Lympstone,  Devon. At  West 

Charlton,  bom.  the  Rev.  W.  T.  Caulfeild 
Browne,  M.A.  eldest  sou  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Browne,  Vicar  of  Dudley,  to  JaneCatherine- 
Meade,  youngest  dau.  of  Thos.  Aubrey,  Gap- 

ger,  esq.  of  Touthill  house,  Wincanton. At 
t.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Charles  J.  A.  Deanet 
esq.  42d  Madras  M.N.I,  to  EUen-Furse,  young- 
est dau.  of  C.  W.  Johnson,  esq.  of  Great  Tor- 

ringtnn,  Devon. At  St.  Peter's,  Brighton. 

the  Rev.  William  Edward  Buckley,  Classical 
Professor  at  the  East  India  college,  Hailey- 
bury,  to  Georgina,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.Chas. 
Webb  Le  Bas,  late  Principal  of  the  Haileybury 
college. 

31.  At  St.  Peter's  Eaton  sq.  Christopher 
Freer,  esq.  of  Gloucester  crescent,  Hyde  park, 
third  son  of  George  Freer,  esq.  late  of  Hands* 
worth,  to  Juliana-Elizabeth,  eldest  surviving 
dau.  of  Anselmo  de  Arroyave,  esq.  of  Palace 
gardens,  Kensington. 

Jan.  3.  At  Rhayader,  the  Rev.  Walter  Her- 
bert Atedry,  M.A.  youngest  son  of  the  late 
John  Awdry,  esq.  of  Notton  bouse,  Wilts,  to 
Mary-Llewellyn,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Evans,  B.CL.  Vicar  of  Rhayader,  and  Cwm- 

toyddwr,  co.  of  Radnor. At    Herdringeo, 

Westphalia,  (and  on  the  6th  at  Cologne.)  John 
Torriana  HoultoUf  esq.  of  Farleigh  castle,  Som. 
to  Ferdinandine,  eluest  dau.  of  the  Uaron 
Theodor  de   Fiirstenburg,  of  Heiligenhoven. 

At  St.  James's  Notting  hill,  the  Rev.  John 

GaiUkeli,  M.A.  to  Emily,  second  dau.  of  Philip 
James  Green,  esq.  of  Notting  hill,  formerly 

Consul  for  the  Morea. At  Starcross,  John 

Butler  Fellotces,  esq.  fourth  son  of  Sir  James 
Fellowes,  of  Pangbourne  lodge,  Berks,  to  Mary- 
Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  R.  A.  St* 

Leger,  of  Siarcross. At  Castleconnell,  Capt. 

David  Macdowall  Eraser,  R.  Art.  brother  of 
Lord  Saltounj  to  Mary-Georgina,  eldest  dan. 
of  Edward  Gonne  Bell,  esq.  of  Strearostown, 
CO.  Mayo. 

4.  At  Kibworth,  Lcic.  Harris  Wra.  Hailet, 
esq.  44th  Regt.  B.N.I,  only  son  of  the  late 
Lieut.  Col.  Hailes,  K.H.  to  Fanny-Elizabeth 
Ross,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.  J.  Frat- 

tent,  R.N. At  Leamington  Priors,  Warw. 

the  Rev.  William  James,  Rector  of  Biltoo,  to 
Anna,  widow  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  T.  Parker, 
Vicar  of  Newbold-on-Avon,  and  Rector  of  Bil- 

ton. AtChildwell,  the  Rev.  William  Taylor, 

Rector  of  Swynnerton,  Staff,  second  son  of 
Samuel  Taylor,  esq.  of  Eccleston,  Lane,  to 
Fanny,  third  dau.  of  John  Marriott,  esq.  of 

Liverpool. At   Hampton-in-Arden,  Warw. 

Henry  Thornley,  esq.  of  Marston  hall,  near 
Birmmgham,  to  Emily-Martha,  only  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  J.  A.  Morris,  AM.  Vicar  of  Hampton- 
in-Arden. 

5.  At  Sutton  Coldfield,  Warw.  Sir  Francis 
Edward  Scottt  Bart,  of  Great  Barr  hall,  to 
Mildred-Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Wra.  Hartopp, 

Bart. At  Chichester,  the  Rev.  W.  H.  L.  Gil- 

bert,  B.A.  Brasenose  college,  Oxford,  to  Emily- 
Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Kev.  Thomas  Brown, 

Canon  of  Chichester. At  Sevenoaks,  R.  W. 

Percival  Battiscombe,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the 
Rev.  Robert  Samuel  Battiscombe,  Vicar  of 
Bark  way,  Herts,  to  Eleanora,  eldest  dau.  of 
William  Lam  bard,  esq.  of  Beech  mont.  Seven- 
oaks,  Kent. At  Stanwick,  the  Rev.  Thomas 

Charles  Brand  Comwellt  M.A.  Curate  of  Law- 
hitton,  Cornwall,  to  Frances- Richardson, eldest 
dau.  of  George  Gascoyne,  esq.  of  Stinwick 
hall,  Northamptonshire. 


811 


OBITUARY. 


Fibld-Marshal  ViscountBeresford. 
Jan.  8.  At  his  seat,  Bedgebury-park, 
Kent,  aged  86,  the  Right  Hon.  William 
Carr  Beresford,  Lord  Viscount  Beresford, 
6.0.6.,  G.C.S.,  K.X.S.,  K,.S.F.,  iv.S.ii.i 
Colonel-in- Chief  of  the  60th  Foot,  Colonel 
of  the  I6th  Foot,  Governor  of  Jersey, 
Duke  of  Elvas,  and  Marquis  of  Campo- 
Mayor  in  Spain,  Count  of  Trancoso  in 
Portugal,  and  a  Field-Marshal  of  Portugal, 
and  Captain- General  of  Spain. 

This  distinguished  soldier  and  the  late 
Admiral  Sir  John  Poo  Beresford,  Bart. 
K.C.B.,  who  died  on  the  2d  Oct.  1844 
(see  our  Vol.  xxii.  p.  646),  were  natural 
children  of  George  de  la  Poer  Beresford, 
first  Marquess  of  Waterford.  They  both 
received  for  arms  those  of  the  Beresford 
family,  differenced  by  a  bordure  wavy  er- 
mine, in  lieu  of  a  bordure  engrailed :  the 
crest  of  the  Admiral  having  the  addition 
of  a  naval,  and  that  of  the  General  of  a 
mural  crown. 

The  Viscount  was  bom  on  the  2d  Oc- 
tober, 1768:  and  entered  the  army  in 
August,  1785,  as  Ensign  in  the  6th  Foot. 
In  the  spring  of  1786  he  embarked  with 
his  regiment  for  Nova  Scotia,  where  he 
received  his  first  wound,  which  deprived 
him  of  the  sight  of  his  left  eye,  from  the 
gun  of  a  brother  sportsman.  With  this 
great  disadvantage  he  began  a  professional 
career,  not  less  remarkable  for  its  great 
success  than  for  its  varied  character — alike 
distinguished  by  bold  adventure,  occasional 
reverses,  the  display  of  reckless  daring, 
and  the  exercise  of  considerable  skill.  He 
remained  daring  the  first  four  years  of  his 
military  life  in  Nova  Scotia ;  but,  having 
been  appointed  to  a  Lieutenancy  in  the 
16th  Foot,  returned  to  England  in  1790. 
He  was  promoted  in  Jan.  1791i  to  the 
rank  of  Captain,  and  in  the  May  following 
obtained  a  company  in  the  69th  Foot. 

Early  in  1793  Captain  Beresford,  with 
his  regiment,  embarked  at  Cork  for  foreign 
service,  and  formed  part  of  the  army  which 
in  the  spring  of  that  year  took  possession 
of  Toulon.  When  the  British  troops  eva- 
cuated that  place,  he  accompanied  the  force 
which  was  sent  to  Corsica,  and  was  in  the 
midst  of  the  hottest  fighting  at  Calvi, 
Bastia,  and  St.  Fiorenza.  His  promotion 
was  rapid ;  he  was  advanced  to  the  rank 
of  IMajor  in  March,  1794  ;  to  that  of  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel on  the  11th  Aug.  follow- 
ing ;  and  in  1795  we  find  him  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  88th  Foot.  In  that 
year  his  regiment  embarked  under  Sir 
Rtilpb  Abercromby  for  the  West  Indie? , 


bat  the  88tb  were  recalled,  and  Colonel 
Beresford  remained  on  home  service  until, 
in  1799,  he  sailed  for  India.  He  had 
scarcely  more  than  arrived,  however,  when 
he  was  ordered  to  proceed  by  the  Red  Sea 
to  Egypt,  being  entrusted  with  the  com- 
mand of  a  brigade  in  Sir  David  Baird's 
army.  Having  fought  his  way  through 
the  Egyptian  campaign,  he  returned  to 
this  country,  and  in  the  year  1800  received 
the  brevet  rank  of  Colonel. 

The  next  field  of  active  operations  in 
which  his  services  were  required  was  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  in  the  re-conquest  of 
which  colony  he  bore  a  conspicuous  part. 
From  thence,  with  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General,  he  was  sent  in  command  of  a 
small  detachment  to  seize  Buenos  Ayres, 
where  a  first  success  was  soon  followed  by 
reverse.  He  obtained  possession  of  the 
city,  and  won  some  victories  in  the  open 
field ;  he  had,  however,  only  1200  teen 
under  his  command,  and,  the  enemy  hav- 
ing at  length  succeeded  in  getting  together 
as  many  thousands,  General  Beresford 
was,  after  three  days'  resistance,  obliged 
to  capitulate,  though  he  placed  700  of  the 
enemy  hors  d^  combat.  General  Liniers, 
who  was  opposed  to  Beresford  on  this 
occasion,  admitted  that  he  had  agreed  to 
receive  and  treat  the  British  as  prisoners  of 
war,  who  were  to  be  forthwith  exchanged; 
but  his  government  maintained  that  our 
forces  had  surrendered  at  discretion. 
Liniers  honourably,  but  inefi'ectually,  pro- 
tested  against  this  gross  breach  of  faith  ; 
and  General  Beresford,  having  been  de- 
tained a  prisoner  for  six  months,  contrived 
early  in  the  year  1807  to  effect  his  escape, 
and  returned  to  England. 

In  the  winter  of  1807  an  expedition  was 
sent  to  Madeira,  of  which  the  naval  por- 
tion was  commanded  by  Admiral  Hood, 
and  the  troops  by  General  Beresford.  By 
this  force  Madeira  was  seized  on  the  24th 
of  December  in  that  year,  and  thencefor- 
ward retained  in  trust  for  the  royal  family 
of  Portugal,  which  had  just  then  emigrated 
to  the  Brazils. 

The  time  had  at  length  arrived  when 
there  was  to  be  an  end  of  these  separate 
and  desultory  expeditions,  and  the  forces 
of  England  were  to  be  concentrated  upon 
the  vast  series  of  operations  known  as  the 
Peninsular  War.  General  Beresford  re- 
mained in  the  offices  ^of  Governor  and 
Commander-in-Chief  at  Madeira  until 
August,  1808,  when  he  was  called  upon 
to  join  the  British  army  in  Portugal,  where 
be  arrive«l  shortly  after   the   battle   of 


312 


Obit u a  r y. — General  Lord  Beresford.  [  March , 


Vimiera,  and  the  first  duties  which  he  was 
required  to  dischargee  on  landing  were  those 
of  commissioner  for  settling  the  disputes 
that  occurred  respecting  the  terms  upon 
which  Lisbon  had  capitulated.  He  pro- 
ceeded with  Sir  John  Moore's  army  to 
Spain,  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Co- 
runna,  actively  engaged  in  covering  the 
embarkation  of  the  troops,  and  returned 
with  them  to  England.  On  the  35th  of 
April,  1808,  the  rank  of  Major-General 
was  conferred  upon  him ;  and  in  Feb. 
1809,  he  was  ordered  to  proceed  a  second 
time  to  Portugal,  for  the  purpose  of  taking 
the  command  of  the  army  of  that  king- 
dom, under  the  authority  of  the  Prince 
Regent  of  Portugal,  with  the  local  rank  of 
Lieutenant- General.  His  appointment  as 
Marshal  Commanding  (Sir  Arthur  Wel- 
lesley  being  Marshal- General  and  Com- 
mander-in-Chief of  the  Portuguese  army) 
was  made  on  the  Ist  of  March,  1809; 
and  placing  himself,  as  soon  as  possible, 
at  the  head  of  12,000  men,  he  attacked 
the  French  in  the  north  of  Portugal, 
crossed  the  Upper  Douro,  drove  Loison's 
division  back  to  Amarante,  and  there, 
uniting  with  a  force  under  Sir  Arthur 
Wellesley,  pursued  the  retreating  enemy 
till  that  division  of  the  French  army  was 
utterly  disorganized. 

When  Beresford  undertook  to  make 
soldiers  of  the  Portuguese,  their  military 
fame  was  low  in  European  estimation. 
But,  with  high  qualifications  and  fervid 
zeal,  Beresford  began  his  task  like  a  man 
thoroughly  in  earnest — he  would  have 
them  well  fed,  well  paid,  well  clothed, 
well  appointed,  well  lodged,  and  hard 
worked.  No  more  plundering,  not  even 
petty  pilfering  escaped  the  lash ;  no 
more  sloth,  no  more  neglect  of  health,  no 
more  rioting,  no  drawing  of  knives  on 
each  other,  no  intemperance,  not  even  the 
shadow  or  semblance  of  disorder.  It  was 
a  relentless  tyranny,  but  yet  a  perfect  dis- 
cipline, which  thus  converted  an  imbecile 
rabble  into  a  brave  and  powerful  army. 
To  institute  a  comparison  between  him 
and  other  commanders  would  be  invidious ; 
but  it  may  at  least  be  said  that  his  military 
reputation,  though  very  high,  was  not  of 
the  most  eminent  order — at  all  events,  not 
in  the  conduct  of  operations  on  a  grand 
scale.  But  in  organization  and  discipline, 
in  the  art  of  quickly  turning  swarms  of 
peasants  into  legions  of  clever  soldiers,  he 
had  no  rival ;  and  he  exercised  this  species 
of  ability — which  is  roost  rare  as  well  as 
precious — with  equal  success  among  the 
Portuguese,  to  whom  he  was  alien,  as 
among  those  of  his  own  countrymen  with 
whom  he  was  best  acquainted.  The  sol- 
diers of  Portugal,  as  they  advanced  in  the 
scale  of  discipUne,  not  only  gratified  their 
11 


commander  and  excited  the  surprise  of 
every  competent  judge,  but  astonished 
themselves.  The  discovery  was  made  that 
every  one  of  them  had  become  *'  a  mar- 
vellous proper  man."  Thus  were  called 
forth  energies  and  resources  of  which  their 
very  possessors  had  previously  lived  in 
perfect  unconsciousness ;  the  fear  of  danger 
gave  way  to  a  thirst  for  distinction,  and 
enthusiasm  was  substituted  for  apathy. 
The  battle  of  the  Sierra  Busaco,  fought 
on  the  27th  of  August,  1810,  furnished 
some  of  the  earliest  results  of  the  services 
which  Marshal  Beresford  rendered  to  that 
nation,  whose  army  he  had  undertaken  to 
form  and  instruct.  He  of  course  took 
the  immediate  direction  of  the  troops 
which  he  had  trained,  and  they,  having 
perfect  confidence  in  their  oflScers  and 
their  allies,  behaved  admirably.  Their 
steadiness  and  bravery  were  as  creditable 
to  themselves  as  to  the  men  who  disci* 
plined  and  led  them  on. 

During  the  next  four  years  the  deceased 
was  known  as  Sir  William  Beresford, 
having,  for  his  services  at  Busaco,  been 
elected  a  Knight  of  the  Bath  on  the  18th 
of  October,  1810.  Upon  many  memo- 
rable occasions  he  performed  the  duties  of 
a  general  of  division  ;  and  not  one  among 
the  illustrious  leaders  who  contributed  to 
the  military  renown  of  England  during 
the  campaigns  in  Spain  and  Portugal  ever 
displayed  more  ability  or  devotion  in  car- 
rying out  the  instructions  of  his  com- 
mander. His  merits  in  the  exercise  of  an 
independent  and  separate  command  form 
quite  another  question,  which  may  best 
be  considered  in  connexion  with  the  san- 
guinary battle  of  Albuera,  where  it  be- 
came his  duty  to  lead  27,000  men.  For 
England  that  battle  was  a  victory,  and  to 
the  soldiers,  as  well  as  to  the  officers,  a 
source  of  undying  renown ;  the  men 
dropped  by  whole  ranks,  but  never  thought 
of  turning ;  they  fell  without  flinching — 
*'  their  backs  to  the  earth  and  their  feet 
to  the  foe."  Our  allies  numbered  20,000, 
and,  though  the  Portuguese  fought  well, 
while  the  Spaniards  behaved  not  much 
worse  than  usual,  yet,  according  to  cns- 
toiu,  the  burden  of  the  fight  was  borne 
and  the  price  of  the  victory  paid  by  the 
British  troops.  From  1,500  English 
muskets  a  parting  volley  fell  upon  the 
routed  columns  of  the  French  as  they  fled 
down  the  Sierra ;  but  the  remainder  of  . 
our  force,  which  that  morning  had  ex- 
ceeded 6,000  men,  lay  dead  or  bleeding 
on  the  field  of  battle.  Still  it  would  be  a 
hard  measure  of  justice  to  throw  all  the 
blame  of  this  result  upon  any  absohite 
incapacity  of  Sir  William  Beresford.  Sonlt 
was  perhaps  the  very  ablest  of  the  French 
Marshals  }  his  force  was  complete  in  erety 


1854.] 


Obituary, — General  Lord  Beresford. 


313 


arm,  while  the  troops  led  by  the  English 
General  were  comparatiyely  few  in  num- 
ber, and  the  Spanish  portion  of  the  army 
ill  provided,  ill  officered,  and  worse  com- 
manded.    In  all  battles  errors  of  judg- 
ment are  committed  by  the  most  success- 
ful commanders  ;  and,  in  retrieving  such 
errors,  no  man  could  display  more  gal- 
lantry than  Sir  William  Beresford.     Like 
Richard  I.  his  herculean  strength  and  in- 
tense pugnacity  impelled  him  to  perform 
the  duties  of  a  man-at-arms  rather  than 
those  of  a  circumspect  leader.     He  was 
not  posted  on  a  height  in  the  rear  of  his 
army,  according  to  the  practice  of  many 
generals,  but,  placing  himself  at  the  head 
of  every  successive  advance,  he  was  always 
to  be  found  wherever  the  battle  raged 
most  fiercely,  one  moment  dragging  for- 
ward a  Spanish  standard-bearer  literally 
by  the  collar,  while  at  another  period  of 
the  fight   he  was  seen  engaged  hand  to 
hand  with  a  Polish  Lancer  who  had  at- 
tacked him,  and  whom  he  grasped  by  the 
throat,  pulled  out  of  his  saddle,  and  flung 
to  the  earth  as  an  ordinary  man  would 
unhorse  a  boy.     The  battle  of  Albuera — 
considering  the  high  reputation  of  Soult, 
the  numerical  strength  of  the  French,  and 
the  period  of  the  war — was  undoubtedly 
an  important  victory ;  *   yet  less  of  Sir 
William  Beresford's  fame  is  derived  from 
that  sanguinary  conflict  than   from    the 
admirable  manner  in  which  he  was  accus- 
tomed to  carry  out  the  designs  of  his  chief 
when  acting  under  the  immediate  super- 
vision   of    that    great  commander.     The 
thanks  of  Parliament  were  on  the  7th  of 
June  voted   **  to  Sir  William   Beresford 
and  to  tiie  army  under  his  command  for 
the  glorious  Battle  of  Albuera,"  fought  on 
the   16th  of  May,  1811.     Mr.  Perceval, 
being  then  First  Minister,  proposed  the 
vote  in  a  triumphant  speech,  and  the  pro- 
position was  seconded  by   Lord  Castle- 
reagh  amid  mflch  cheering.     It  is  a  re- 
markable coincidence  that  on   the  same 
day  a  new  writ  was  issued  for  the  county 
of  Waterford,  a  vacancy  having  been  created 
in  its  representation,  which  Sir  William 
Beresford  was  immediately  elected  to  fill. 
As  knight  of  the  shire  for  the  county  of 
Waterford   Sir  William   Beresford  made 
no  speeches  and  gave  no  votes.     In  those 
days  the  Marquess  of  Waterford  could. 


with  the  aid  of  one  or  two  others,  nominate 
whomsoever  he  pleased    to    sit    for  his 
county ;  but  it  was,  in  effect,  keeping  the 
seat  vacant  to  confer  it    on    a  general 
officer  whose  position  at  the  head  of  a 
foreign    army    altogether    precluded    his 
attendance  in  Parliament,  and  even  shut 
him  out  from  a  knowledge  of  those  affairs 
which  in  the  present  day  the  humblest 
legislator  is  expected  to  understand.    At 
the  general  election  in   1812  he  was  a 
second  time  returned  for  Waterford ;  but, 
absent  from  Westminster,  he  was  present 
wherever  contests  were  decided,  not  by 
peaceful  votes,  but  by  bayonets  and  artil- 
lery, bearing  his  part  at  Badajos,  where 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  marked  his  con- 
duct with  especial  thanks  and  approbation ; 
at    Salamanca,    where    he   was    severely 
wounded ;    at  Vittoria ;   at    the    various 
battles  on  the  Pyrenees ;  at  Nivelle,  where 
he  led  the  right  of  the  centre ;  at  Nive, 
and  at  Orthez.     It  was  also  his  fortunate 
lot  to  be  in  command  of  the  British  troops 
which  took  possession  of  Bordeaux,  and 
he  subsequently  bore  a  distinguished  part 
in  the  battle  of  Toulouse.    When  he  was 
raised  to  the  peerage  in  May,  1814,  a  grant 
of  2,000/.  per  annum  was  made  to  himself 
and  the  two  next  inheritors  of  the  title  ; 
but  he  has  died  without  issue.     Soon  after 
his  return  to  this  country  the  city  of  Lon- 
don presented  him  with  a  valuable  sword, 
and  in  July,  1815,  he  was  honoured  with 
the  especial  acknowledgments  and  thanks 
of  the  Prince  Regent,  receiving  from  the 
hands  of  his  Royal  Highness   the   high 
distinction  of  a  cross  and  seven  clasps.     In 
addition   to   the  order  of  the  Bath,   he 
received  that  of  the  Tower  and  Sword, 
those  of  St.  Hermenegilde,  of  San  Fer- 
nando, of  St.  Ferdinand  and  Merit,  and  the 
Hanoverian  Guelphic  order.    The  Spanish 
Government  conferred  upon  him  the  title 
of  Marquess  of  Cam po- Mayor  and  Duke 
of  Elvas ;  the  Portuguese  that  of  Conde 
di  Trancoso ;  and,  shortly  after  his  return 
from  the  Peninsula,  he  received  from  his 
own  Sovereign  the  Governorship  of  Jersey. 
In  the  latter  end  of  the  summer  of  1815 
he  was  commissioned  to  proceed  to  Por- 
tugal, for  the  purpose  of  negotiating  with 
respect  to  the  support  to  be  rendered  by 
that  country  against  the  enemies  of  Eng- 
land ;  but  the  necessity  for  any  aid  from 


*  O  who  shall  grudge  him  Albuera's  bays. 

Who  brought  a  race  regenerate  to  the  field  ; 
Roused  them  to  emulate  their  fathers*  praise. 

Tempered  their  headlong  rage,  their  courage  steeled  ; 
And  raised  fair  Lusitania's  fallen  shield, 

And  gave  new  edge  to  Lusitania's  sword, 
And  taught  her  sons  forgotten  arms  to  wield — 

Shiver  my  harp,  and  burst  its  every  cord. 
If  it  forget  thy  worth,  victorious  Beresford.     (Sir  W.  Scott.) 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI.  2  S 


314     Obituary.— 6tf».  Sir  Alexander  Mackenzie^  Bart     [March, 


Portugali  or  from  any  of  our  allies  in  the 
prosecution  of  the  war,  soon  passed  away, 
and  Lord  Beresford  continued  to  maintain 
so  good  an  understanding  with  the  Portu- 
guese Government,  that  within  two  years 
from  that  time  he  was  employed  by  them 
to  proceed  to  Rio  Janeiro,  where  he  sup- 
pressed a  conspiracy  that  at  first  threatened 
to  be  formidable.  In  the  year  18S2  he 
received  the  appointment  of  Lieutenant- 
General  of  the  Ordnance,  and  the  com- 
mand of  the  16th  Foot.  In  1825  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  General  in  the 
army ;  and  when  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
became  head  of  the  Government  in  1828 
Viscount  Beresford  served  under  him  as 
Master-General  of  the  Ordnance,  which 
office  he  held  till  the  Whigs  came  into 
power  in  Nov.  1830. 

Here  ended  the  public  career  of  Vis- 
count Beresford ;  and,  considering  that  he 
had  now  **  declined  into  the  vale  of  years," 
it  might  be  supposed  that  nothing  even  of 
his  personal  history  remained  to  be  added. 
Not  so,  however,  for  that  which  with  most 
men  is  called  a  settlement  at  the  beginning 
of  life,  was  with  him  a  settling  down  for  old 
age.  It  was  some  time  after  he  had 
attained  threescore  years  that  he  took  a 
wife.  On  the  29th  Nov.  1832,  he  mar- 
ried the  Hon.  Louisa  Hope,  widow  of 
Thomas  Hope,  esq.  of  Deepdene,  the 
author  of  Anastasius,  &c.  and  youngest 
daughter  of  the  Most  Rev.  William  Beres- 
ford, Archbishop  of  Tuam,  first  Lord 
Dedes.  She  died  at  Bedgebury  Park,  on 
the  2l8t  July,  1851,  aged  sixty-eight. 

Lord  Beresford's  funeral  was  solemnised 
with  much  state  on  Tuesday  the  17  th  Jan. 
at  the  new  church  of  Kilndown,  in  the 
parish  of  Goudhurst,  which  was  erected  in 
1840,  principally  at  the  cost  of  Lord  and 
Lady  Beresford.  The  Beresford  vault  is 
on  the  south  side  of  the  church,  and  is 
surmounted  by  a  mausoleum  of  singular 
beauty,  consisting  of  two  tombs  under  a 
canopy  sustained  by  pillars  of  polished 
granite, — a  design  derived  from  that  of 
the  Scaglia  family  at  Verona.  The  chief 
mourner  was  Mr.  Alex.  J.  Beresford  Hope, 
M.P.,  step-son  of  the  deceased  ;  and  he 
was  accompanied  by  Mr.  Henry  T.  Hope, 
Lord  John  Beresford,  Rev.  J.  £.  Beres- 
ford, Capt.  DenU  W.  Pack,  Earl  Talbot, 
Mr.  Dunbar,  Lord  E.  Bruce,  Baron  de 
Cetto,  Rev.  A.  Hammond,  Right  Hon. 
W.  Beresford,  Sir  John  Hamilton,  Lord 
Cranbourne,  Sir  John  Kirkiand,  Mr. 
Adrian  Hope,  Mr.  Beresford  Peirse,  Capt. 
Pack,  Mr.  D.  Willoughby,  Capt.  Eden, 
Sir  John  Anson,  the  Duke  of  Montrose, 
Rev.  A.  Armstrong,  Colonel  Windham, 
Mr.  Ladbroke,  and  Mr.  E.  Johnson. 
Among  the  invited  guests  were  Count  de 
UyraUio,   Count  de  VUIa  Real,  Sir  R. 


Harvey,  Dr.  Watson,  Lord  Hardinge, 
Lord  Downes,  Mr.  Vanzellar,  Sir  John 
Herschell,  Mr.  Walton  Roberts,  &c.  A 
large  number  of  clergy  was  also  present. 
The  prayers  were  read  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Harrison,  assisted  by  a  numerous  choir ; 
and  the  earth  was  sprinkled  on  the  coffin 
by  John  Blunt,  a  veteran  soldier  from  the 
neighbouring  parish  of  Horsmonden,  who 
lost  a  leg  when  fighting  under  Lord  Beres- 
ford at  Albuera. 

After  the  funeral,  the  will  of  the  de- 
ceased was  read  at  Bedgebury  Park ;  when 
it  appeared  that  the  Bedgebury  Park  estates 
and  those  in  Staffordshire  and  Derbyshire 
are  bequeathed  to  Mr.  A.  J.  Beresford 
Hope,  who  is  also  left  residuary  legatee. 
To  Capt.  Denis  William  Pack,  of  the 
Royal  Artillery,  second  son  of  the  late 
Major-General  Sir  Denis  Pack,  K.C.B. 
and  nephew  and  godson  of  the  deceased, 
are  beqaeathed  all  the  estates  in  the  CO. 
Carlow,  on  condition  that  he  shall  assume 
the  name  and  arms  of  Beresford.  His 
Lordship's  Orders  are  left  to  the  Marquess 
of  Waterford,  as  head  of  the  house  of 
Beresford.  The  executors  are  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Armagh,  the  Marquess  of  Water- 
ford,  Sir  John  Kirkiand,  Mr.  A.  J.  Beres- 
ford Hope,  and  Mr.  Drummond  the 
banker. 

Honourable  mention  has  been  made  in 
the  Portuguese  Cortes  of  the  memory  of 
Lord  Beresford  by  the  Duke  of  Terceira 
and  other  officers  who  served  under  him, 
and  his  death  has  been  recorded  upon  the 
journals  of  both  Houses,  with  the  same 
sentiments  of  regret  as  in  the  case  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington. 


General  Sib  Alex.  Mackenzie,  Bart. 

Oct,  17.  At  Bath,  in  his  83d  year, 
General  Sir  Alexander  Mackenxie,  Bart, 
of  Fairburn,  co.  Ross,  the  senior  General 
in  her  Majesty's  service,  G.C.H.  and  G.C. 
of  the  order  of  St.  Januarius. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Roderick  Mac- 
kenzie, esq.  by  Catharine  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Baillie,  esq.  of  Ross  Hull,  Ross-shire, 
and  half-sister  to  Sir  Ewen  Baillie,  some- 
time Commander-in-Chief  in  Bengal,  who 
was  created  a  Baronet  in  1819,  with  re- 
mainder to  the  male  issue  of  Mrs.  Mac- 
kenzie. Sir  Alexander  succeeded  to  the 
title  on  the  death  of  bis  uncle,  August  21, 
1820. 

He  was  a  school-fellow  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott  in  Edinburgh,  and  afterwards  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  at  the  Military  aca- 
demy in  Angers,  "where  (as  stated  by 
himself  in  a  memorandum  written  at  the 
time  of  the  Duke's  decease)  we  remained 
a  year,  and  we  then  travelled  together 
through  some  parti  of  France." 


1854.]  Obituary,-- G^n.  Sir  Thomas  Bradford, 


315 


He  entered  the  army  on  the  30th  June, 
1787,  as  Ensign  in  the  1st  or  Royal  Scots, 
in  vhich  regiment  he  served  for  four  years 
and  a  half.  He  was  then  promoted  into 
the  42d  Highlanders,  and  passing  rapidly 
through  the  intermediate  steps  of  Captain 
and  Major,  he  obtained  the  rank  of  Lieut.- 
Colooel  in  Feb.  1794  by  raising  the  2d 
Battalion  of  the  78th  or  Ross-shire  High- 
landers, of  which  regiment  he  was  second 
in  command  at  the  capture  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  in  1 795.  He  next  commanded 
the  36th  regiment,  and  acted  as  a  Brigadier- 
General  in  the  Mediterranean  in  command 
of  the  army  in  the  two  Calabrias. 

At  the  re-commencement  of  war  in  1803, 
he  was  placed  as  a  Major-General  on  the 
staff,  and  successively  commanded  brigades 
on  the  coast  of  Kent,  in  Ireland,  at  Hull, 
and  at  Brighton.  In  1808  he  was  ap- 
pointed second  in  command  of  the  forces 
assembled  at  Cork,  under  Sir  Arthur 
Wellesley  ;  but  on  the  change  of  the  des- 
tination of  that  expedition  from  Buenos 
Ay  res  to  Portugal,  his  post  was  conceded 
to  Sir  Brent  Spencer,  who  was  already 
serving  on  the  coast  of  the  Peninsula,  and 
General  Mackenzie  was  transferred  to 
Sicily.  In  the  mean  time,  his  juniors — 
Hill,  Graham,  Beresford,  and  others,  all 
obtained  positions  under  Wellington,  and 
he  lost  by  this  accident  the  tide  which 
might  have  carried  him  forward  to  more 
prominent  distinction. 

He  continued,  however,  in  employment. 
For  his  services  in  the  Sicilies  and  Calabria, 
he  received  from  the  King  of  Naples  the 
Grand  Cross  of  St.  Januarius  ;  and  that 
of  the  Hanoverian  order  was  subsequently 
conferred  upon  him  by  King  George  IV. 
by  whom,  and  by  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of 
York,  he  was  much  esteemed.  For  some 
time  before  the  conclusion  of  the  war  in 
1814  he  commanded  the  North  of  Ireland. 
He  attained  the  full  rank  of  General  in 
1821,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
the  senior  of  that  rank. 

General  Sir  A.  Mackenzie  has  left  a 
variety  of  munificent  bequests  for  religious 
and  charitable  objects.  Among  them  are: 
to  the  Church  Pastoral  Aid  Society,  1000/.; 
to  the  Consumption  Hospital,  1000/. ;  to 
the  Scotish  Hospital,  500/.  ;  to  the  Nor- 
thern Infirmary,  Inverness,  500/. ;  to  the 
poor  of  Inverness  and  of  Dingwall,  100/. 
each;  to  the  Inverness  Dispensary,  100/.; 
to  the  United  Hospital  at  Bath,  300/. ;  to 
the  Western  Hospital  at  Bath,  100/. ;  to 
the  Bath  Society  for  the  Relief  of  the  Sick 
Poor,  200/. ;  to  the  Bath  District  Bene- 
volent Institution,  200/.  The  residue  of 
the  property,  which  was  proved  as  under 
80,000/.,  is  left  equally  to  his  nephews, 
Sir  Roderick  Impey  Murchison  and  Mr. 
K.  Murchison. 


Gen.  Sir  Thomas  Bbappord,  G.C.B. 

Nov.  28.  In  Eaton-square,  aged  76, 
General  Sir  Thomas  Bradford,  G.C,6. 
G.C.H.  and  K.T.S.  Colonel  of  Her  Ma- 
jesty^s  4th  Regiment  of  Foot. 

He  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Bradford, 
esq.  of  Ashdown,  Sussex,  by  a  daughter 
of  William  Otter,  esq.  of  Welham,  co. 
Nottingham,  and  was  brother  to  the  late 
Sir  Henry  Holies  Bradford,  K.C.B.  of  the 
Grenadier  Guards,  who  died  in  1816  from 
a  wound  received  at  Waterloo.  He  entered 
the  army  as  Ensign  of  an  independent 
company  on  the  20th  Oct.  1793,  became 
a  Lieutenant  in  the  following  month,  and 
a  Captain  in  1794.  In  Sept.  1795  he  was 
promoted  to  the  majority  of  the  Notting- 
ham Fencibles,  with  the  rank  of  Major  in 
the  army.  He  served  in  Ireland  daring 
the  Rebellion  in  1798.  In  1804  he  was 
sent  to  organise  the  Volunteer  corps  in 
the  North  of  England,  and  in  October  of 
that  year  he  was  placed  on  the  full  pay  of 
his  rank  in  the  3d  Garrison  Battalion.  In 
June  1805  he  became  Major  in  the  87th 
Foot,  in  which  rank  he  was  employed  as 
an  assistant  Adjutant-General  with  the 
army  in  Hanover,  under  Lord  Cathcart; 
and,  on  the  return  of  the  army  from  that 
country,  he  became  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General  at  the  Horse  Guards.  In  1806 
he  received  the  appointment  of  Deputy 
Adjutant- General  and  chief  of  that  de* 
partment  in  the  expedition  prepared  for 
South  America  under  Sir  Samuel  Auch- 
muty,  during  which  he  was  present  at  the 
attack  and  siege  of  Monte  Video,  and  at 
the  attack  on  Buenos  Ayres.  On  his  return 
he  was  for  a  short  time  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General  to  the  troops  in  Scotland ;  and  in 
June  1808  he  was  appointed  to  the  Ad- 
jutant-General's department  of  the  army 
in  Portugal.  He  was  present  at  the  battles 
of  Vimiera  and  Corunna.  On  the  return 
of  the  troops  to  England  he  became 
Assistant  Adjutant-General  in  the  Kent 
district.  In  1809  he  was  promoted  to  be 
Lieutenant- Colonel  in  the  82d  regiment, 
and  in  1810  to  the  brevet  rank  of  Colonel. 
Shortly  after  he  joined  the  army  in  Portu- 
gal, and  in  December  of  the  same  year  he 
was  appointed  by  Marshal  Beresford  to 
the  command  of  a  brigade  in  the  Portu- 
guese army,  with  the  rank  of  Brigadier' 
General.  He  served  in  the  Peninsula 
from  that  time  to  the  general  peace  in 
1814,  and  was  engaged  at  the  battle  of 
Salamanca,  the  siege  of  Burgos,  the  battle 
of  Vittoria,  the  assault  of  Tolosa,  the  at- 
tack of  the  outworks  of  San  Sebastian  and 
the  siege  of  that  fortress,  the  actions  of 
the  Nive  on  the  9th  to  the  12th  Dec.  1813, 
near  Biaritz,  the  passage  of  the  Adour, 
and  the  investment  of  Bayonne  and  repulse 
of  the  sortie,  at  which  be  was  severely 


dl6     Obituary. — Gen*  Sir  A.  De  Butts. — Adm.  Nesham.     [March, 


wounded.  In  May  1813  be  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Major-General  in  the 
British  army,  and  of  Marshal  de  Campo 
in  that  of  Portugal.  For  his  serrices 
during  the  Peninsular  war  he  was  awarded 
medals  for  Vimiera,  Corunna,  Salamanca, 
Vittoria,  St.  Sebastian,  and  the  Nive,  and 
received  the  thanks  of  both  Houses  of 
Parliament.  He  was  nominated  a  Knight 
Commander  of  the  Tower  and  Sword 
by  the  Prince  Regeift  of  Portugal,  and 
a  Knight  Commander  of  the  Bath  in 
1815. 

On  the  conclusion  of  the  war  he  was 
appointed  to  the  staff  of  the  Northern 
division  as  Major-General,  whence,  in 
June  1815,  he  was  removed  to  the  staflf  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  in  France,  where 
he  commanded  the  7th  Division  in  Paris, 
and,  on  the  reduction  of  the  force,  a  brigade 
in  the  army  of  occupation.  In  1819  he 
was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
troops  in  Scotland,  where  he  continued 
until  promoted  to  Lieut.-General  in  1825. 
In  the  mean  time  he  received  the  Colonelcy 
of  tlie  94th  regiment  in  IS^3,  Soon  after 
attaining  the  rank  of  Lieut. •  General  he 
was  appointed  Commander-in-Chief  in 
Bombay,  and  a  Member  of  Council  in 
that  presidency.  He  served  in  India  until 
the  close  of  1829,  about  which  time  he 
was  removed  to  the  command  of  the  30th 
regiment.  In  1832  he  became  a  commis- 
sioner of  the  Royal  Military  College  and 
of  the  Royal  Military  Asylum.  In  1831 
he  was  invested  by  King  William  IV. 
with  the  Grand  Cross  of  the  Hanoverian 
Guelphic  order,  and  in  1838  by  Qneen 
Victoria  with  the  Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath. 
He  attained  the  full  rank  of  General  in 
1841,  and  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the 
4th,  or  King's  Own,  regiment  in  1846. 

Sir  Thomas  Bradford  was  twice  married, 
and  leaves  by  his  first  marriage  two  sons 
and  three  daughters. 

He  married,  secondly,  the  widow  of 
Lieut.-Colonel  Philip  Ainslie,  and  niece 
of  Ralph  Atkinson,  esq.  His  second 
daughter,  Georgiana  -Augusta -Frederica, 
was  married  in  1846  to  the  Rev.  Henry 
Richard  Ridley,  Vicar  of  Stranton,  Dur- 
ham, younger  brother  to  Sir  Matthew 
White  Ridley,  Bart. 


Gek.  Sir  Augustus  De  Butts,  K.C.H. 

Nov.  2S.  In  CambridgC'Square,  London, 
aged  83,  General  Sir  Augustus  De  Butts, 
K.C.H. 

He  was  the  son  of  Elias  De  Butts,  esq. 
of  the  county  of  Wicklow.  He  entered  the 
Royal  Engineers  as  a  First  Lieutenant  in 
1793;  became  Captain  in  1796,  and  Lieut.- 
Colonel  in  1806.  He  was  present  at  the 
sieges  of  Toulon,  Bastia,  and  Caivi ;  and 


was  very  favourably  mentioned  by  Lord 
Hood  in  his  despatches  on  the  surrender 
of  Bastia. 

He  became  a  Colonel  in  1814,  and  after- 
wards for  some  years  commanded  the 
Royal  Engineers  in  Jersey.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Major-General  in 
the  army  in  1821 ;  was  appointed  Colonel 
Commandant  of  the  Royal  Engineers  in 
1827 ;  became  a  Lient.-General  in  1837, 
and  a  General  in  1851.  He  was  knighted 
by  her  Majesty  in  1837. 

Sir  Augustus  De  Butts  married  in  1804, 
a  daughter  of  Francis  Minchin,  esq. 

His  will  has  been  proved  by  his  sons, 
Augustus  De  Butts  and  James  Whitshed 
De  Butts,  esqrs.  two  of  his  executors :  the 
personalty  in  England  being  estimated  at 
10,000/.  This  property,  together  with 
estates  in  Dubliti,  he  has  left  to  trustees, 
to  raise  annuities  for  his  widow,  Lady  De 
Butts,  and  his  four  sons. 


Admiral  Nesham. 

Nov,  4.  At  Exmouth,  aged  83,  Chris- 
topher John  Williams  Nesham,  esq.  Ad> 
miral  on  reserved  half-pay. 

He  was  the  son  of  Christopher  Nesham, 
esq.  who  was  Aide-de-Camp  to  Colon^ 
Monson  at  the  capture  of  Manilla  in  1762, 
by  Mary  Williams,  daughter  of  Adm.  Wm. 
Pcerc  Williams-Freeman,  esq.  who  died 
Admiral  of  the  Fleet  in  1830. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  Jan.  1782,  as 
first-class  volunteer  on  board  the  Juno 
frigate  ;  and  in  June  in  the  following  year 
was  present  in  the  action  fought  between 
Sir  Edward  Hughes  and  M.  de  Suffrein, 
off  Cuddalore.  In  1789.  when  still  a  mid- 
shipman, and  travelling  in  France,  he  was 
at  Vernon  during  an  emeute,  when  the  mob 
were  about  to  hang  a  wealthy  man,  a  M. 
Planter.  The  British  middy,  passing  ac- 
cidentally, inquired  what  they  were  going 
to  do,  and,  being  informed,  he  msbed 
forward  and  expostulated  with  the  frenzied 
populace.  He  was  derided  and  pushed 
away.  Nothing  daunted,  and  assured  of 
their  determination  to  suspend  their  vio* 
tim,  he  once  more  succeeded  in  getting  to 
the  stranger,  clung  to  him  with  manly  de- 
voted grasp,  and  declared  that  they  might 
as  well  hang  one  innocent  man  as  another, 
and  if  they  banged  M.  Planter  they  should 
hang  him.  The  heroic  conduct  and  the 
energetic  resolve  of  the  youthftd  English- 
man fortunately  appeased  the  infuriated 
throng.  He  was  carried  about  in  triumph 
as  a  brave  fellow,  and  M.  Planter^s  life 
was  saved  by  an  instantaneous  escape.  For 
this  act  the  General  Assembly  decreed  him 
a  civic  crown  and  a  uniform  sword  of  the 
National  Guard  of  Paris,  observing  that 
'*  he  who  unarmed  had  exposed  his  life  to 


1854.]     Bear-Adm.  Ramsden^^^Major-Gen,  T.  W,  Taylor.        317 


save  that  of  M.  Planter,  would  always 
make  a  noble  use  of  that  sword  to  defend 
liberty  and  repress  anarchy  and  con- 
fusion.*' 

In  June  1790  Mr.  Nesham  became  at- 
tached to  the  Salisbury  50,  bearing  the 
flag  of  Vice-Adm.  Milbank,  at  Newfound- 
land ;  and  on  the  17th  Nov.  following  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant. 
In  July  1791  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Drake  sloop,  and  in  Sept.  1792  to  the 
Niger  32,  both  in  the  Channel ;  and  in 
May  1793  to  the  Adamant  50,  in  which 
he  served  successively  on  the  West  India, 
Newfoundland,  Lisbon,  and  North  Sea 
stations;  and  on  the  Uth  Oct.  1797  took 
part  in  the  action  off  Camperdown.  On 
the  2d  Jan.  1798  he  was  promoted  to 
Commander ;  and  on  the  13th  April,  1801, 
appointed  to  the  Suffisante  sloop.  He 
was  posted  on  the  29th  April  1803;  and 
on  the  26th  Oct.  1804,  appointed  to  the 
Foudroyant  80,  bearing  the  flag  of  Sir 
Thos.  Graves  off  Rochfort,  where  he  con- 
tinued until  Feb.  1805.  In  March  1807 
he  was  appointed  to  the  Ulysses  44,  in 
July  1808  to  the  Intrepid  64,  and  in  July 
1809  to  the  Captain  74,  all  on  the  West 
India  station.  In  the  first  of  these  ships 
he  co-operated  in  the  reduction  of  Marie 
Galante  in  March  1808.  In  the  Intrepid 
he  assisted  in  the  reduction  of  Martinique, 
and  was  mentioned  in  terms  of  high  ap- 
probation for  his  able  support  of  Commo- 
dore George  Cockburn.  In  April  1809 
the  Intrepid  was  severely  cut  up  in  an  en- 
gagement off  Guadaloupe  with  the  French 
frigates  Henriade  and  Fdlicite.  In  Dec. 
1809  he  returned  to  England,  and  paid  off 
the  Captain,  which  was  then  found  unfit 
for  further  service. 

On  the  22d  July,  1830,  Captain  Nesham 
was  appointed  to  the  Melville  74  in  the 
Mediterranean,  where  he  remained  about 
twelve  months. 

He  became  a  retired  Rear- Admiral  Jan. 
10, 1 837  ;  but  was  transferred  to  the  active 
list  Aug.  17, 1840;  on  the  9th  Nov.  1846, 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  Vice- Admiral;  and 
on  the  30th  July,  1852,  to  that  of  Admiral. 
He  received  the  war  medal  in  1849»  with 
two  bars,  for  Camperdown  and  Marti- 
nique. 

He  married  first,  in  1802,  the  Hon. 
Margaret-Anne  Graves,  youngest  daughter 
of  the  first  Lord  Graves,  and  by  that  lady, 
who  died  in  1808,  he  had  an  only  daughter, 
who  became,  in  Jan.  1831,  the  wife  of 
Major  Lloyd  of  the  73rd  Regiment.  The 
Admiral  married  secondly,  in  July  1833, 
Elizabeth,  youngest  daughter  of  Col.  Ni- 
cholas Bayly,  (brother  to  the  first  Earl  of 
Uxbridge,)  and  first  cousin  to  the  Mar- 
quess of  Anglesey. 


Reaa-Admiral  Ramsden* 

Dec,  30.  At  Byrom  Hall,  near  Ferry- 
bridge, Yorkshire,  Rear- Admiral  William 
Ramsden,  of  Oxton  Hall,  Tadcaster. 

Admiral  Ramsden  was  bom  at  Byrom 
Hall  in  1789}  the  second  son  of  Sir  John 
Ramsden,  the  third  Baronet  of  that  pluce, 
by  the  Hon.  Louisa  Susan  Ingram  Shep- 
herd, fifth  and  youngest  daughter  and  co- 
heir of  Charles  ninth  and  last  Viscount 
Irvine,  and  sister-in-law  to  Francis  second 
Marquess  of  Hertford,  K.G. 

He  entered  the  Navy  in  Aug.  1803,  as 
first-class  volunteer  on  board  the  Excel- 
lent 74,  Capt.  Frank  Sotheron;  and  in 
Sept.  1806,  after  having  served  for  about 
three  years  in  the  Mediterranean,  joined, 
as  midshipman,  the  Royal  William,  flag- 
ship of  Adm.  Greorge  Montagu  at  Ports- 
mouth. In  the  early  part  of  1807  he  sailed 
in  the  Modeste  36,  Capt.  Hon.  George 
Elliott,  for  the  East  Indies  ;  where  be  re- 
moved to  the  CuUoden  74,  the  flag-ship  of 
Sir  Edward  Pellew,  and  was  nominated, 
14th  Oct.  1808,  acting  Lieutenant  of  the 
Dasher  sloop.  He  was  confirmed  30th  Dec. 
following.  He  invalided  home  in  1810, 
and  joined  next  in  April,  l£Ult  the  Kent 
74,  again  on  the  Mediterranean  station. 
He  was  made  Commander  14th  June, 
1813,  into  the  Ferret  bng,  on  the  north 
coast  of  Spain,  and  left  that  vessel  in 
April,  1814.  In  Feb.  1818  he  was  ap. 
pointed  to  the  Dotterel  sloop ;  from  which, 
in  the  following  April,  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Scout,  in  which  sloop  he  continued, 
again  in  the  Mediterranean,  until  about 
Oct.  1821 ;  and  on  the  26th  Dec.  1822, 
was  advanced  to  post-rank.  He  accepted 
the  retirement  Oct.  1,  1846. 

Admiral  Ramsden  married,  Aug.  6, 
1827,  Lady  Annabella  Faulet,  eldest  dau. 
of  Charles  13th  Marquess  of  Winchester, 
and  sister  to  the  present  Marquess. 

Major-Gen.  T.  W.  Taylor,  C.B. 

Jan.  8.  At  Haccombe,  Devonshire,  the 
seat  of  his  son-in-law  Sir  Walter  P.  Ca- 
rew,  Bart,  aged  71 » Major-General  Thomas 
William  Taylor,  C.B.  of  Ogwell  House, 
Devon,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  Royal 
Military  College,  Sandhurst,  and  Colonel 
of  the  17th  Lancers. 

This  gentleman  was  the  elder  son  of 
Pierce  Joseph  Taylor,  esq.  of  Ogwell  and 
Denbury,  by  Charlotte,  fifth  daughter  of 
the  Very  Rev.  William  Cooke,  Dean  of 
Ely,  and  Provost  of  King's  College,  Cam- 
bridge. He  was  born  on  the  I3th  July, 
1782  ;  and  entered  the  cavalry  service  as 
Cornet  in  the  6th  Dragoon  Guards  in 
1804;  became  a  Lieutenant  in  1805  ;  Cap- 
tain, 1807  ;  Major,  July,  1814  ;  Lieut.- 
Colonel,  1815  ;  Colonel,  1837.  He  served 
as  Asiistant- Adjutant- General  to  the  force 


318 


Obituary.— -Hon.  Jtobert  Henry  Clive^  M.P.      [March, 

foreign  travel.  On  hU  return  to  this  coun- 
try, and  on  the  resignation  of  his  relative 
Henry  Clive,  esq.  he  was  returned  at  the 
general  election  in  1818,  in  conjunction 
with  his  brother  Lord  Clive  (^afterwards 
Earl  of  Fowls),  as  representative  for  the 
borough  of  Ludlow,  a  seat  which  he  re- 
tained until  the  year  1832,  when,  on  the 
ebullition  of  party  feeling  excited  by  the 
passing  of  the  Reform  Bill,  he  was  dis- 
placed by  Mr.  Romilly  after  a  severe  con- 
test, remarkable  for  conduct,  as  Mr.  Clive 
considered  at  the  time,  unexampled  in 
the  annals  of  elections,  and  he  expressed 
his  determination  not  to  place  himself  in 
a  situation  again  to  be  subjected  to  the 
caprice  of  those  who  had  once  deceived 
him.  His  high  and  honourable  mind  was 
deeply  sensitive  upon  his  rejection  by  con- 
stituents to  whom  he  had  always  proved 
himself  a  neighbour  alive  to  their  local 
interests  and  prosperity, — and  a  repre- 
sentative zealoas,  true,  and  faithful  to  the 
great  public  interests  confided  to  his  care 
and  judgment. 

As  a  proof,  however,  of  the  regard  he 
occupied  in  the  breasts  of  his  friends  and 
the  freeholders  of  the  district,  a  few  days 
only  elapsed  after  his  rejection  by  the 
electors  of  Ludlow,  when  he  was,  without 
the  least  solicitation  on  his  part,  nomi* 
nated  and  elected  as  one  of  the  knights  to 
represent  the  Southern  division  of  the 
county  of  Salop,  a  position  which  he  held 
until  the  time  of  his  lamented  decease. 

Although  not  prominent  as  a  debater  in 
Parliament,  yet,  during  the  thirty-six  years 
he  was  a  Member  of  that  House,  he  exer- 
cised such  a  faithful  and  conscientious 
discharge  of  every  duty  to  which  he  was 
called,  that  he  attained  a  popularity  as 
general  as  it  was  well  deserved,  from  many 
whose  views  on  political  matters  did  not 
probably  altogether  coincide  with  his 
own.  He  supported  Conservative  mea- 
sures upon  principle,  and  from  personal 
conviction  was  induced  to  give  his  support 
to  the  free-trade  system  as  promulgated 
by  Sir  Robert  Peel.  In  consequence  of 
this  he  was  occasionally  interrogated  by 
some  of  his  agricultural  constituents,  who 
at  district  and  other  meetings  not  unfre- 
quently  raised  questions,  and  called  for 
explanations  from  him,  in  a  manner  more 
straightforward  than  courteous.  Under 
this  ordeal,  however,  he  had  always  a  ready 
and  sufficient  answer  to  his  catechists,  and^ 
from  bis  general  knowledge  of  the  com- 
mercial as  well  as  the  agricultural  relations 
of  the  country,  he  was  moreover  enabled 
to  justify  the  line  of  policy  he  had  taken, 
as  being  in  his  view  the  best  for  the  public 
good.  Whilst  these  subjects  were  under 
discussion,  it  may  be  mentioned  as  a  noble 
trait  in  the  character  of  Mr.  CHre,  that 


under  Sir  James  Craig,  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, during  1805  and  1806.  He  was 
employed  on  the  staff  at  the  attack  and 
capture  of  Java,  in  1811,  including  the 
attack  of  the  outpost  near  Weltevreden, 
and  the  storming  of  the  lines  of  Cornells. 
He  served  also  in  the  campaign  of  1815, 
with  the  10th  Hussars,  and  was  present  at 
the  battle  of  Waterloo. 

He  expired  in  the  presence  of  his  wife 
and  three  sons,  and  his  daughter  Lady 
Carew.  His  body  was  interred  in  the  family 
vault,  at  Denbury  Church,  on  Tuesday, 
17th  Dec. 

General  Taylor  married, on  the  1 4th  Jan. 
1810,  Anue-Harvey,  daughter  of  John 
Petrie,  esq.  formerly  of  Oatton,  Surrey, 
and  has  issue  four  sons  and  five  daughters. 
The  former  were  :  1.  Pierce-Oilbert- Ed- 
ward, in  the  Bengal  service,  who  married 
in  1836  Sophia,  daughter  of  Major  Shaw, 
of  the  East  India  Company's  army,  and 
has  issue ;  2.  Arthur- Joseph,  in  the  Royal 
Horse  Artillery ;  3.  the  Rev.  Fitzwilliam 
John  Taylor,  of  Christchurch,  Oxford, 
Rector  of  West  O^ell  and  Rottery, 
Devon;  and  4.  Reynell-George,  in  the 
Bengal  Cavalry.    The  daughters  were,— 

1.  Anne-Frances,  married  in  1837  to  Sir 
Walter  Palk  Carew,  Bart,  and  has  issue ; 

2.  Harriet-Maria,  married  in  1837  to  W. 
B.  Fortescue,  esq.  of  Fallapit,  co.  Devon ; 

3.  Georgiana-Jane,  married  to  R.  Barnard, 
esq.  of  Kineton,  co«  Warwick  ;  4.  Amelia- 
Mary  ;  and  5.  Eliza- Charlotte- Sleech. 

Hon.  RoBEaT  Henry  Clive,  M.P. 

Jan.  20.  At  Shrewsbury,  aged  65,  the 
Hon.  Robert  Henry  CUvc,  M.P.  of  Oak- 
ley Park,  Shropshire,  and  Ilewell  Grange, 
Worcestershire,  and  one  of  the  Represen- 
tatives of  the  Southern  division  of  the 
county  of  Salop,  Colonel  Commandant  of 
the  Worcestershire  Yeomanry  Cavalry,  and 
a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  that  county.  Chair- 
man of  the  Shrewsbury  and  Birmingham 
Railway,  and  Deputy  Chairman  of  the 
Shrewsbury  and  Hereford  Railway,  and  a 
Magistrate  of  the  counties  of  Salop  and 
Worcester. 

This  gentleman  was  the  second  son  of 
Edward  first  Earl  of  Powis  by  Lady  Hen- 
rietta Antonia  Herbert,  fourth  but  only 
surviving  daughter  of  Henry-Arthur  first 
Earl  of  Powis,  and  sister  and  heir  to 
George- Edward- Henry- Arthur  the  second 
Earl  of  the  creation  of  1748.  He  was 
born  January  15,  1785,  and  matriculated 
at  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  where 
the  degree  of  M.A.  was  conferred  upon 
him  in  1809. 

During  a  portion  of  the  administration 
of  Lord  Sidmouth  he  undertook  the  duties 
of  Under  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home 
Department,  and  afterwards  proceeded  on 


1854.]        Obituary. — Hon.  Robert  Henry  Clive,  3f.P. 


319 


he  was  offered  by  the  then  administra- 
tion the  peerage  that  had  become  dormant 
by  the  decease  of  his  brother-in-law  Other- 
Arthur  sixth  Earl  of  Plymouth,  but  which 
he  in  deference  declined,  [on  the  ground  of 
political  consistency,  and  that  high  sense 
of  honour  which  he  considered  dearer  to 
himself  than  either  titles  or  riches. 

As  an  extensive  land  proprietor  in  the 
counties  of  Salop  and  Worcester  and  in 
South  Wales,  Mr.  Clive  directed  much  of  his 
attention  to  agriculture,  and  endeavoured 
to  excite  his  tenantry  to  the  adoption  of 
the  most  improved  methods  of  cultiva- 
tion. In  this  he  was  eminently  successful, 
as  by  bis  own  energy,  intelligence,  practi- 
cal knowledge,  and  example,  he  was  well 
qualified  to  assist  and  direct  them,  and 
which  several  interesting  papers  contri- 
buted by  him  to  the  publications  of  the 
Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England 
fully  confirm.  He  also  rendered  much 
assistance  in  bis  own  vicinity  as  President 
of  the  Ludlow  Agricultural  Society.  To 
this  it  may  be  added,  that  he  was  a  most 
generous  and  considerate  landlord,  and  his 
kindness  was  particularly  evinced  in  pro- 
•moting  the  comfort  and  welfare  of  the 
cottagers  on  his  estates,  which  was  fur- 
ther happily  illustrated  in  the  erection  of 
tasteful  groups  of  dwellings  for  their  ac- 
commodation, and  in  the  prolific  gardens 
thereto  attached.  He  was  the  originator 
of  the  Bromfield  Horticultural  Society,  the 
annual  show  of  which  excited  considerable 
interest. 

In  whatever  public  business  he  under- 
took he  manifested  the  highest  integrity, 
and  he  was  remarkable  for  uniform  punc- 
tuality in  relation  to  the  financial  or 
magisterial  affairs  of  the  counties  with 
which  he  was  connected,  and  in  his  attend- 
ance at  the  various  railway  meetings  at 
which  he  was,  as  chairman  or  deputy 
chairman,  necessitated  to  take  an  active 
and  prominent  part.  In  private  life,  by  his 
affable  and  mild  disposition,  he  gained  the 
esteem  of  all  parties,  and  secured  the 
regard  of  a  large  circle  of  friends,  by  whom 
his  death  will  be  sincerely  regretted,  and 
especially  by  those  who  were  allied  to  him 
in  the  more  endeared  relations  of  domestic 
affection,  where  his  light  shone  conspi- 
cuous, as  a  husband,  parent,  master,  and 
Christian  gentleman. 

Previously  to  the  passing  of  the  Munici- 
pal Act  he  was  for  several  years  a  member 
of  the  corporation  of  Shrewsbury,  and  in 
1824  he  filled  the  office  of  treasurer  to  the 
Salop  Infirmary.  He  was  a  member  of, 
and  took  much  interest  in,  the  Hereford 
Diocesan  Board  of  Education,  and  in  other 
objects  of  usefulness,  as  occasion  required. 

Mr.  Clive  had  a  well-stored  mine  of  in- 
formation on  most  subjects,  cultivated  in 


his  earlier  years  by  foreign  travel,  and  sub- 
sequently enlarged  by  research  and  obser- 
vation. In  polite  literature  he  had  consi* 
derable  knowledge,  and  in  works  of  art,  of 
which  he  was  a  connoisseur  and  patron,  he 
evinced  a  refined  and  discriminative  taste. 
In  1841  he  published  a  volume,  entitled 
"  Documents  connected  with  the  History 
of  Ludlow  and  the  Lords  Marchers,'*  a 
work  containing  valuable  information  in 
reference  to  the  Court  and  the  Lords  Pre- 
sidents of  the  Marchers  of  Wales,  whose 
jurisdiction  for  more  than  two  hundred 
years  extended  over  a  wide  tract  of  coun- 
try. In  1852  he  was  President  of  the 
Cambrian  Archaeological  Association,  and 
occupied  the  chair  at  the  annual  meeting 
held  at  Ludlow,  when  he  gave  a  concise 
epitome  of  the  interesting  antiquities 
which  abound  in  that  locality. 

In  1819  Mr.  Clive  married  Harriet, 
daughter  of  Other- Hickman  fifth  Earl  of 
Plymouth,  and  sister  and  heiress  of  Other- 
Arthur  the  sixth  Earl ;  that  lady  survives 
him,  with  three  sons  and  three  daughters, 
namely,  1.  Henrietta- Sarah,  married  last 
year  to  Edward  Hussey,  esq.  ;  2.  Robeft 
Clive,  esq.  elected  M.P.  for  Ludlow  in 
1851,  and  married  in  1852  to  Lady  Mary 
Selina  Bridgman,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
Earl  of  Bradford ;  3.  Mary ;  4.  George- 
Herbert,  now  in  the  East  Indies  with  the 
52nd  Regt. ;  5.  William-Windsor;  and 
6.  Victoria-Alexandrina,  a  goddaughter  of 
her  Majesty. 

The  illness  which  caused  the  decease  of 
Mr.  Clive  was  somewhat  sudden  in  its 
nature.  On  the  30th  Dec.  he  left  bis 
home  and  happy  family  in  tolerable  health 
to  attend  a  meeting  of  the  Shrewsbury  and 
Hereford  Railway  at  the  former  town. 
The  morning  was  cold  and  wet,  and  it  is 
considered  that  he  became  chilled  in  walk- 
ing from  Oakley  Park  to  the  Bromfield 
station.  On  reaching  the  board-room  at 
the  Shrewsbury  station  he  was  found  so 
unwell,  that  it  was  suggested  he  should 
immediately  retire  to  the  residence  of  J.  J. 
Peele,  esq.  town  clerk  of  Shrewsbury, 
where  medical  assistance  was  obtained; 
but,  notwithstanding  the  most  skilful 
means  were  used,  he  gradually  lingered 
with  exemplary  patience  and  Christian 
hope  until  Saturday,  January  20tb,  when 
exhausted  nature  quietly  sunk  in  death. 

The  remains  of  Mr.  Clive  having  been 
removed  from  Shrewsbury  to  Oakley  Park, 
were  interred  on  the  28th  at  Bromfield,  in 
a  vault  in  the  churchyard,  constructed 
some  years  ago  under  his  own  direction.* 
Agreeably  to  the  request  of  the  deceased, 

*  His  parents  repose  within  the  church, 
in  a  vault  which  was  closed  at  the  inter- 
ment of  his  father  in  1839. 


820 


Obituary. — Richard  Hanhury  Gumey,  Esq.      [March, 


the  funeral  was  private,  and  the  attend- 
ance confined  to  relatives  and  friends,  who 
walked  from  the  mansion,  accompaniea  by 
sixty  of  the  tenantry.  As  many  of  the 
workmen  on  the  estate  had  each  a  suit  of 
black  clothing,  &c.  and  all  the  cottagers 
had  five  pounds  presented  to  them  to  pur- 
chase mourning,  and  to  the  children  attend- 
ing the  village  school  of  Bromfield  were 
given  dresses  and  suitable  habiliments. 

The  inhabitants  of  Ludlow  testified  their 
esteem  for  the  memory  of  the  deceased  by 
a  suspension  of  business  on  the  day  of  the 
funeral ;  and  the  corporation  of  the  town 
voted  a  resolution  of  condolence  to  Lady 
Harriet  Clive  and  the  family  on  their  sad 
bereavement.  A  similar  compliment  passed 
from  the  Mayor,  &c.  of  Shrewsbury.  It 
may  be  also  stated  that  the  freeholders  of 
the  southern  division  of  Shropshire,  as 
evincing  their  sense  of  the  anxious  and 
zealous  services  of  his  late  lamented 
father,  unanimously  elected,  on  the  8th  of 
February,  Robert  Clive,  esq.  to  supply 
his  place  as  their  representative  in  Par- 
liament. H.  P. 


Richard  Hanbury  Gurney,  Esq. 

Jan,  1.  At  his  seat,  Thickthorn,  near 
Norwich,  aged  70,  Richard  Hanbury  Gur- 
ney, esq.  senior  partner  in  the  Norwich 
Bank,  and  for  many  years  a  representative 
of  that  city  in  Parliament. 

Mr.  Gurney  was  a  junior  half-brother 
to  the  present  Hudson  Gurney,  esq.  of 
Keswick,  near  Norwich,  formerly  for 
many  years  M.P.  for  Shaftesbury  and 
Newtown,  Hants,  and  a  Vice-President  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries ;  being  the  only 
son  of  Richard  Gurney,  esq.  of  Keswick, 
by  his  second  wife  Rachel,  daughter  of 
Osgood  Hanbury,  esq.  of  Oldfield  Grange, 
in  Essex. 

In  early  life  Mr.  Richard  Gurney  was  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  For 
many  years  he  occupied  a  very  conspicu- 
ous and  influential  position  in  Norfolk,  as 
the  head  of  the  Norwich  Banking  firm. 

He  was  first  returned  to  Parliament  for 
Norwich  in  1818,  after  a  contest  in  which 
there  were  polled, — for  William  Smith, 
esq.  2089  ;  for  R.  H.  Gurney,  esq.  2082  ; 
and  for  the  Hon.  E.  Harbord  1474.  He 
was  re-elected  in  1820,  but  in  1826  gave 
way,  without  a  poll,  to  Mr.  Jonathan  Peel. 
In  ]  830  he  opposed  Mr.  Peel  successfully, 
the  result  of  the  poll  being, — 

R.  H.  Gurney,  esq.      .     .     .  2363 

Robert  Grant,  esq 2279 

Jonathan  Peel,  esq 1912 

Sir  Charles  Ogle      ....  1762 

He  was  again  returned  in  1831,  together 
with  Mr.  Grant,  by  a  large  majority  over 
12 


Sir  Charles  Wetherell  and  Mr.  Michael 
Thomas  Sadler,  who  had  been  proposed 
without  their  knowledge. 

The  enactment  of  reform  had  a  contrary 
effect  at  Norwich  to  its  results  elsewhere. 
The  Whigs  .were  defeated  in  1832,  and 
Conservatives  returned — 

Lord  Stormont 1985 

Sir  James  Scarlett   ....  1936 

R.  H.  Gurney,  esq.      .    •    •  1746 

Charles  Bellenden  Ker,  esq.  .  1716 

Mr.  Gurney  did  not  sit  in  parliament 
after  1832 ;  but  he  was  twice  proposed  for 
the  Eastern  division  of  the  county  of  Nor- 
folk, first  at  the  election  in  Jan.  1835  with 
the  following  result — 

Edmond  Wodehouse,  esq.      •    3482 

Lord  Walpole 3196 

Wm.  Howe  Windham,  esq.  .  3076 
Richard  Hanbury  Gurney,  esq.  2866 

and  again  at  the  general  election  of  1837 — 

Edmond  Wodehouse,  esq.  .  3654 
Henry  N.  Burronghes,  esq.  .  3523 
Wm.  Howe  Windham,  esq.  .  3237 
Richard  Hanbury  Gurney,  esq.  2978 

Mr.  Gurney  was,  throughout  his  life,  a» 
Whig  in  politics.  During  the  long  period 
for  which  he  represented  Norwich  he  waa 
ever  anxious  to  promote  its  interests  by 
his  purse  no  less  than  his  personal  exer- 
tions. He  was  very  highly  esteemed  for 
his  great  liberality  and  kindness  of  heart. 
He  was  a  lover  of  old  English  sports  in 
general,  and  particularly  fond  of  horse- 
racing,  but  was  never  known  to  make  a  bet. 

Probate  of  his  will  has  been  granted  to 
the  acting  executors,  Mr.  John  Henrr 
Gurney  and  Mr.  Sampson  Foster,  with 
power  reserved  to  the  other  executor,  Mr. 
Hudson  Gurney.  The  personal  estate  in 
the  province  of  Canterbury  is  sworn  under 
500,000/.,  that  in  the  province  of  York 
under  25,000/.  The  residuary  personal 
property,  together  with  the  estates,  which 
are  considerable,  are  entailed  on  the  tes- 
tator's daughter,  her  husband  Mr.  John 
Henry  Gurney,  and  their  issue,  subject  to 
the  life  interest  of  the  testator's  widow  in 
the  bulk  of  the  real  and  a  portion  of  the 
personal  estate ;  Mr.  John  Heni^  Gur- 
ney (the  testator^s  son-in-law)  being  sole 
trustee. 

The  remains  of  Mr.  Gurney  were  in- 
terred on  Monday,  the  9th  Jan.  at  the 
Rosary,  Thorpe,  near  Norwich,  where  a 
piece  of  ground  had  been  some  time  since 
purchased  for  the  purpose.  The  hearse  wai 
followed  by  seventeen  mourning  coaches, 
containing  the  nearest  relatives  and  family 
connexions,  clerks  belonging  to  the  bank, 
and  the  tenantry.  There  were  also  up- 
wards of  thirty  private  carriages.  The 
funeral  service  was  read  by  the  Rev.  Jolm 


1854.]     Obituary— J5'.  C.  L.  Kay^  Esq.—  fV.  Rickford,  Esq.    321 


Alexander,  Independent  minister  ;  the  ser- 
vice was  idmost  literally  the  same  as  is 
used  in  the  Established  Church. 


£.  C.  L.  Kay,  Esq. 

Nov.  24.  At  Manningham  Hall,  near 
Bradford,  Yorkshire,  aged  83,  Ellis  Cun- 
liffe  Lister  Kay,  esq.  a  magistrate  and 
Depnty  Lieutenant  of  the  West  Riding, 
and  formerly  M.P.  for  Bradford. 

This  gentleman  was  paternally  a  member 
of  the  family  of  CunlifTe,  and  derived  from 
a  common  ancestor  of  Sir  Robert  Henry 
Cunliffe,  Bart  of  Liverpool.  His  grand- 
father, Ellis  Cunliffe,  esq.  of  Ilkley  and 
High  House,  Addiagham,  married  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Lister, 
uncle  of  Samuel  Lister,  esq.  of  Manning- 
ham,  a  junior  branch  of  the  house  of 
Ribblesdale. 

He  was  bom  on  the  13th  May,  1774, 
the  eldest  son  of  John  Cunliffe,  esq.  of 
Fairfield  Hall,  Addingham,  by  Mary,  only 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  William  Thompson, 
Rector  of  Addingham.  He  first  assumed 
the  additional  name  of  Lister  on  suc- 
ceeding to  the  estates  of  that  family,  and 
afterwards,  in  1841,  the  additional  name 
of  Kay,  on  the  death  of  his  father-in-law, 
William  Kay,  esq. 

On  the  creation  of  Bradford  into  a  par- 
liamentary borough  by  the  Reform  Act  in 
1832,  Mr.  Lister  was  returned  as  one  of 
its  first  members,  after  a  contest  which 
terminated  thus — 

Ellis  Cunliffe  Lister,  esq.    .     .    650 

John  Hardy,  esq 471 

George  Banks,  esq 403 

In  1835  he  was  not  re-elected  without  a 
struggle,  but  the  former  members  retained 
their  seats — 

John  Hardy,  esq 611 

Ellis  Cunliffe  Lister,  esq.     .     .    589 
Mr.  George  Hadfield      ...    392 

In  1837— 

Ellis  Cunliffe  Lister,  esq.    .     .  635 

William  Busfield,  ^sq.     .     .     .  631 

John  Hardy,  esq 443 

Wm.  Busfield,  jun.  esq.  .     .     .  383 

In  1841  Mr.  Lister  retired,  and  was 
succeeded  in  the  representation  of  Brad- 
ford by  his  eldest  son,  who  defeated  Mr. 
Busfield;  but  on  the  premature  death  of 
Mr.  William  Lister  almost  immediately 
after,  in  Sept.  of  the  same  year,  Mr.  Bus- 
field  recovered  the  seat. 

Mr.  Lister  married,  first,  in  1794,  his 
cousin  Ruth-Myers,  niece  and  heiress  of 
Samuel  Lister,  esq.  of  Manningham,  by 
whom  he  had  no  issue  ;  and  secondly,  in 
Feb.  1809,  Mary,  only  child  of  William 
Ewbank,  esq.  afterwards  Kay,  of  Haram 
Grange  and  Cottiugham,  near  Hull,  by 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLi. 


whom  he  had  issue  five  sons  and  four 
daughters.  The  former  were,  1.  William 
Cunliffe  Lister,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  and 
M.P.  for  Bradford,  who  died  Aug.  12, 
1841  ;  2.  John,  bom  in  1810,  who  will 
assume  the  additional  name  of  Kay  on  the 
death  of  his  mother ;  3.  Ellis,  who  died 
in  1833 ;  4.  Samuel ;  and  5.  Thomas- 
Thompson.  The  daughters  were,  Mary, 
married  to  Joshua  Ingham,  esq.  of  Blake- 
hall;  3.  Hariiotte;  3.  Anne;  and  4.  Eliza- 
beth-Emily. 


William  Rickfo&d,  Esq. 

Jan,  14.  At  his  house  at  Green  End, 
Aylesbury,  aged  85,  William  Rickfprd, 
esq.  a  magistrate  and  Deputy  Lieutenant 
of  Buckinghamshire. 

He  was  bom  Nov.  30, 1768,  the  only 
son  of  William  Rickford,  esq.  of  Ayles- 
bury. He  was  a  banker  in  that  town,  and 
formerly  its  member  in  several  parliaments. 
His  first  election  was  in  1818,  when  the 
poll  terminated,  for  Lord  Nugent  854, 
William  Rickford,  esq.  490,  and  C.  C. 
Cavendish,  esq.  430.  In  1820,  1826,  and 
1830,  he  was  re-elected  without  a  contest ; 
but  in  1831  there  was  again  a  struggle,  by 
which  he  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the 
poU— 

William  Rickford,  esq.  .  983 
Lord  Nugent  ....  604 
Lord  Kirkwall    ....     508 

Again,  after  the  enlargement  of  the  con* 
stituency,  in  1833 — 

William  Rickford,  esq.  .  1076 
Lt.-Col.  H.  Hanmer  .  .  657 
T.  B.  Hobhonse,  esq.   .    .     603 

In  1835-- 

William  Rickford,  esq.      .  855 

Lt.-Col.  H.  Hanmer    .    .  586 

T.  B.  Hobhouse,  esq.  .     .  508 

Dr.  John  Lee      ....  269 

Mr.  Rickford  stood  a  fifth  contest  in  1837, 
but  was  again  returned  at  thread  of  the 
poll- 
William  Rickford,  esq.      .     865 
W.  M.  Praed,  esq.    .     .    .     657 
Lord  Nugent 540 

At  the  dissolution  of  1841  he  retired 
from  Parliament.  He  had  always  sup- 
ported liberal  Conservative  principles. 

Mr.  Rickford  married,  Sept.  28,  1791, 
Mary  Vanderhelm,  by  whom  he  had  issue 
two  sons,  William  and  James,  who  both 
died  young,  and  he  leaves  an  only  sur- 
viving daughter,  and  heiress,  Elizabeth- 
Harriet,  married  in  1821  to  Sir  Astley 
Paston  Cooper,  Bart,  of  Gadesbridge  Park, 
Herts,  by  whom  she  has  a  numerous 
family. 

3  t 


322    Obituary.—  W.  A.  Roberts,  Esq^^C.  J.  Tindaly  Esq.  [March, 


William  Pawson,  Esa. 

Jan,  5.  At  Edinburgh,  aged  74,  WU- 
liam  PawsoD,  esq.  of  Shawdon,  Northam- 
berland. 

This  gentleman  was  born  in  May,  1780. 

He  entered  the  Royal  Navy  at  the  time 
of  the  battle  of  Camperdown  as  a  midship- 
man in  the  Venerable,  the  flag-ship  of  Ad- 
miral Duncan,  and  subsequently  served  in 
her  under  his  uncle,  Admiral  Sir  George 
Fairfax.  He  continued  to  be  actively  em- 
ployed until  the  peace  of  1815  in  the 
Channel,  Mediterranean,  and  West  India 
squadrons,  serving  in  the  Courageux, 
Chesapeake,  and  other  ships.  He  was 
wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Holland  during 
the  French  occupation  of  that  country,  and 
was  detained  a  prisoner  of  war,  until  ex- 
changed into  the  Desirde  frigate,  and  sent 
home,  as  acting  Prize  Master,  in  a  vessel 
she  had  taken.  On  the  passage  across  to 
Yarmouth,  the  prisoners  attempted  to  re- 
capture the  ship,  when  Mr.  PawsoD,  by 
his  energetic  manners,  supported  by  a 
small  crew  of  a  single  midshipman  and  six 
seamen,  succeeded  in  subduing  the  out- 
break, and  brought  the  prize  safe  into  port. 

In  1817  Mr.  Pawson,  by  the  death  of 
his  brother,  George  Pawson  Hargreaves, 
esq.  became  possessed  of  the  Shawdon 
estates ;  and  in  1826  he  served  as  High 
Sheriff  of  Northumberland. 

He  married  in  1817  Mary- Anne,  daugh- 
ter of  the  Rev.  R.  Trotter,  of  Morpeth, 
by  whom  he  has  left  a  son  and  heir,  Wil- 
liam John  Pawson,  esq. 


operation  of  Reform  rendered  his  re-election 
impossible. 

His  remains  were  committed  on  the  6th 
Dec.  to  their  last  resting-place  in  Dowles 
churchyard.  The  funeral  was  attended  by 
John  Bury,  esq.  and  Slade  Baker,  esq. 
executors ;  John  Crane,  esq.  banker,  Thos. 
Baker,  esq.  Rev.  Jos.  Crane,  and  E.  R. 
Nicholas,  esq.  as  friends  of  the  deceased  ; 
J.  H.  Walker,  esq.  and  Thomas  Lloyd, 
esq.  as  the  principid  mourners.  The  body 
was  lowered  into  the  grave  to  rest  side  by 
side  with  Mr.  Roberts's  late  companion 
and  time-honoured  servant,  Mr.  James 
Lankester. 


W.  A.  Roberts,  Eso. 

Nov.  28.  At  Bewdley,  aged  83,  Wilson 
Aylesbury  Roberts,  esq.  formerly  M.P. 
for  that  borough,  a  magistrate  and  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  Worcestershire,  and  a  ma- 
gistrate of  Warwickshire. 

Mr.  Roberts  was  the  great-grandson  of 
Mr.  Henry  Roberts,  who  settled  at  Droit- 
wich  about  the  year  1705,  and  was  one  of 
the  first  that  established  extensive  salt- 
works at  that  place.  His  grandfather, 
Richard  Roberts,  esq.  married  Dorothy, 
sister  and  coheir  of  William  Aylesbury, 
esq.  of  Pack  wood,  co.  Warwick,  from  which 
source  he  derived  his  christian  name.  His 
father  bore  the  same  ;  and  by  Betty-Caro- 
line Crane,  niece  and  heiress  of  Thomas 
Cheeke,  esq.  of  Bewdley,  had  issue  two 
sons,  Thomas-Aylesbury,  who  died  un- 
married in  1803,  and  the  subject  of  the 
present  notice. 

Mr.  Roberts  was  born  on  the  23rd  June, 
1771.  He  was  first  returned  to  Parlia- 
ment for  Bewdley  (which  even  then  re- 
turned but  one  member)  at  the  general 
election  of  1818,  and  he  continued  to  sit 
for  the  borough  during  five  parliaments, 
until  the  di^ssolutiun  in  1832,  when  the 


Charles  John  Tindal,  Eso. 
Sept,  26.  At  Penrith,  near  Sydney,  ■ 
New  South  Wales,  Charles  John  Tindal, 
esq.  a  Member  of  the  Hon.  Society  of 
Ltncoln*s  Inn,  a  Director  of  the  South  Sea 
House,  and  one  of  the  Commissioners  of 
Lieutenancy  of  the  City  of  London. 

He  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Right   Hon.    Sir    Nicholas    Conyngham 
Tindal,  Knt.  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  received  his 
education  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
where  his  respected  father  before  him  had 
early  in  life  distinguished  himself.     Mr. 
Tindal  was  for  several  years  Marshal  to  hia 
father,  and  his  urbanity  and  gentlemanly 
manners  will  be  long  recollected  not  only 
by  all  of  his  own  year  at  Cambridge,  but 
also  by  every  one  with  whom  in  his  official 
capacity  he  came  in  contact  while  attending 
his  father  on  the  various  circuits.    Shortly 
before    the   Chief    Justice's  death,   Mr. 
Tindal  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Re- 
gistrar of  the  Acknowledgements  of  the 
Deeds  of  Married  Women,  which  post  on 
the  elevation  of  Sir  Thomas  Wilde  to  the 
Chief  Justiceship,  he  afterwards  held  con- 
jointly with  Mr.  Edward  Archer  Wilde, 
until  the  appointment  of  Sir  John  Jervia, 
who  bestowed  it  on  his  son-in-law,  Mr. 
Bankes.     Since  that  time  Mr.  Tindal  held 
no  place  whatever,  passing   the  greater 
portion  of  his  time  at  his  house,  Milland 
Place,  Liphook,  Hants,  where  his  health 
becoming  gradually  more  and  more  im- 
paired, he  at  length  determined,  on  the 
advice  of  his  physician.  Dr.  W^illiams,  to 
try  the  effect  of  a  long  sea  voyage,  and  at 
the  recommendation  of  that  gentleman 
sailed  on  the  20th  Jan.  1853,  in  the  Panthea 
for  Sydney,  New  South  Wales.    At  Ryde, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  that  town,  he  re- 
sided for  some  time,  but  afterwards  moved 
to  St.  Mary's,  South  Creek,  Penrith,  and 
his  strength  rapidly  declining,  his  constitn- 
tion  at  length  gave  way  to  the  repeated 
attacks  which  had   so  long  been  under- 
mining it,  to  the  deep  regret  of  a  very  ex- 
tensive circle  of  frieadi  and  acquatntanoei, 


1854.] 


Obituary.— jP.  A.  (kx^  D.D.,  LL.D. 


ai8 


to  whom  his  nniformly  gentlemanly  and 
amiable  conduct  had  miiyersally  endeared 
him. 


F.  A.  Coz,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Sepi.  5.  At  his  residence,  King  Ed« 
ward's  road,  Soaih  Hackney,  aged  70, 
Francis  Augustas  Coz,  D.D.  LL.D.  for 
more  than  forty-two  years  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  place. 

Dr.  Coz  was  bom  at  Leighton  Buasard, 
in  Bedfordshire,  on  the  7th  March,  1783. 
He  was  an  only  son,  and  had  one  sister, 
eighteen  years  his  junior,  married  first  to 
the  Rev,  Mr.  James,  and  secondly  to  the 
Rev.  W.  Killingworth ;  and  she  it  still 
living.  From  his  grandfather,  who  was 
long  a  respected  member  of  the  Baptist 
community  in  the  same  town,  he  inherited 
considerable  property.  His  .early  educa- 
tion was  receiveid  from  Mr.  Comfield  at 
Northampton ;  at  the  age  of  sizteen  he 
was  admitted  into  the  college  at  Bristol, 
then  under  the  superintendence  of  Dr. 
Ryland ;  and  he  lastly  entered  the  univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh,  where  he  proceeded  to 
the  degree  of  M.A.  On  the  4th  April, 
1804,  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministiy  of 
the  Baptist  congregation  at  Clipstone,  a 
large  village  in  Northamptonshire,  where 
he  continued  for  some  years,  during  which 
time  a  large  chapel  was  erected  there.  He 
subsequently  occupied  for  twelve  months 
the  pulpit  which  had  been  vacated  by  the 
celebrated  Robert  Hall  at  Cambridge ;  and, 
after  an  interval,  during  which  he  had  no 
permanent  engagement,  he  settled  at  Hack- 
ney on  the  3rd  Oct.  1811.  His  congre- 
gation then  met  at  Shore  Place,  in  a  build- 
ing which  has  since  been  destroyed ;  but 
we  find  from  Robinson's  History  of  Hack- 
ney that  in  the  very  next  year  it  moved  to 
a  larger  chapel  built  in  Mare-street,  and 
that  Mr.  Cox's  stipend  as  minister  was 
400/. 

On  his  settlement  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  metropolis,  Mr.  Coz  took  an  active 
part  in  all  the  public  societies  and  other 
business  connected  with  his  communion. 
He  was  one  of  those  who  assisted  in  com- 
mencing The  Baptist  Magazine  (a  publi- 
cation still  continued)  in  the  year  1809, 
advancing  a  portion  of  the  requisite  capital. 
He  wrote  an  essay  in  the  first  number, 
and  became  a  frequent  contributor.  For 
three  years,  the  usual  term  of  service,  he 
was  Secretary  to  the  General  Body  of 
Dissenting  Ministers  of  the  Three  Deno- 
minations residing  in  and  near  London 
and  Westminster. 

**  Two  things  especially  adapted  him  for 
public  business  :  his  habitual  good  temper, 
and  his  talent  as  a  public  speaker,  being 
ready,  fluent,  discreet,  and  attractive. 
Hig  ability  in  thii  way,  combined  with  his 


kind  wiUingneif  to  aiiist  every  good  mi- 
dertaking,  earned  him  to  be  tonght  for  by 
the  projectort  of  religioui  eaterprisee  and 
the  managers  of  diaritable  inttitiitio]if» 
out  of  kis  own  circle  as  well  as  in  it  Hie 
appearance  was  prepossessing,  and  his 
manners  were  always  gentlemanly  and 
bland.  In  the  earlier  pi^  of  life  he  waa 
tall,  thin,  and  graoefU ;  but  aa  he  In- 
creased in  years  his  form  became  portly, 
the  remains  of  his  dark  coriy  hmr  became 
perfectly  white,  and  his  whole  aspect  was 
thatofafineoldman.**  (Baptist Magazine.) 

Mr.  Coz  was  one  of  the  projectors  and 
founders  of  the  London  University,  the 
scheme  of  which  originated  with  a  few  Dis- 
senting ministers.  They  were  introdaoed 
by  Mr.  Brougham  (before  he  was  Lord 
Chancellor)  to  some  of  his  political  friends, 
by  whose  aid  the  project  was  accomplished, 
but  it  was  determined  that  no  minister  of 
religion  should  be  placed  on  the  ConncU. 
Mr.  Coz  became  Librarian,  but  did  not 
hold  the  office  long.  When  Ix>rd  Brongham 
was  made  Rector  of  the  University  of 
Glasgow  he  proonred  for  Mr.  Coz  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  That  of  D.D.  was  sub- 
sequently conferred  upon  him  hi  Amerioa, 
when  he  visited  the  university  of  Water- 
ville. 

Dr.  Coz's  earliest  publication  was  An 
Essay  on  the  Ezcellence  of  Christian 
Knowledge,  published  in  1806 ;  the  nezt, 
A  Sermon  on  Apostacy,  1813,  which  had 
been  preached  before  "  the  monthly  meet- 
ing  of  ministers."  In  1815  he  produced 
The  life  of  Philip  Melancthon ;  comprise 
ing  an  account  of  the  most  important 
transactions  of  the  Reformation,  8vo.  s 
and  in  1817,  Female  Scripture  Biography ; 
including  an  Essay  on  what  Ciiristianity 
has  done  for  Women ;  two  vols.  8vo. 
This  work  has  recently  been  reprinted.  In 
1824  he  published  a  Vindication  of  the 
sentiments  and  practice  of  the  Bi^tists, 
against  attacks  which  had  been  made  upon 
them  by  doctors  Dwight,  Ewing,  and 
Wardlaw.  In  1836  appeared  a  Narrative 
of  the  Journey  which  he  had  made  in  the 
previous  year  in  America,  in  conjunction 
with  Dr.  Hoby,  at  the  request  of  the  Bap- 
tist Union.  Many  other  pieces,  of  minor 
importance,  appeared  from  his  pen ;  but 
his  principal  work  was  the  History  of  the 
first  fifty  years  of  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Society,  which  he  produced  in  1842,  the 
year  in  which  the  jubilee  of  that  institn- 
tion  was  celebrated. 

His  **  Biblical  Antiquities,  iUnstrating 
the  Language,  Geography,  and  History  of 
Palestine,*^  was  reprinted  fh>m  the  Encyclo- 
pedia Metropolitana,  in  1852,  post  8vo. 
I  Dr.  Coz  married  first,  in  1811,  a  daughter 
of  Jonathan  King,  esq.  of  Watford,  who, 
after  leaving  him  two  children,  a  son  and 


324 


Obituary. — JRev,  William  Jay. 


[March, 


daughter,  died  young.  Miss  Savory,  of 
Plymouth,  became  his  second  wife,  and 
was  his  intelligent  and  judicious  helpmate 
and  counsellor  during  the  greater  part  of 
his  ministerial  life  ;  she  was  the  mother 
of  four  sons  and  one  daughter.  After  a 
considerable  interval  Dr.  Cox  married  the 
widow  of  Mr.  M.  6.  Jones,  of  St.  Paul's 
Churchyard ;  and  that  lady  survives  him. 
Of  his  seven  children  three  only  are  living 
— his  son  by  the  first  wife,  and  his  two 
younger  sons  by  the  second  ;  and  all  of 
them  were  either  in  Australia  or  on  their 
way  thither  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Rev.  William  Jat. 

Bee,  27.  At  Bath,  in  his  85th  year, 
the  Rev.  William  Jay,  the  eminent  Dis- 
senting Minister. 

Mr.  Jay  was  bom  at  Tisbury,  in  Wilt- 
shire, on  the  8th  May,  1769.  His  parents 
were  persons  in  humble  circumstances,  and 
he  himself,  in  his  younger  days,  laboured 
as  a  mason's  boy.  Having  attracted  the 
notice  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Winter,  a  Presby- 
terian minister  in  his  village,  he  was  intro- 
duced to  the  care  and  tuition  of  the  Rev. 
Cornelius  Winter,  of  Marlborough,  a  Dis- 
senting minister,  who  was  much  engaged 
in  preparing  young  men  for  the  pulpit, 
and  whose  Life,  written  by  Mr.  Jay,  has 
had  a  large  circulation.  A  mere  youth 
when  he  began  to  preach,  not  having  at- 
tained his  sixteenth  year,  his  first  public 
attempt  at  a  sermon  was  made  in  the  village 
of  Ablington  in  Wiltshire.  He  preached 
in  Surrey  Chapel  when  only  sixteen ;  and 
there  is  no  doubt  that  Rowland  Hill  dis* 
cemed  something  extraordinary  in  the  lad 
whom  he  permitted  to  occupy  such  a  post. 
He  has  stated  in  one  of  his  publications 
that  before  he  was  of  age  he  had  delivered 
nearly  one  thousand  sermons.  At  first  he 
preached  at  various  small  places  in  the  same 
part  of  Wiltshire,  and  for  nearly  a  twelve- 
month he  officiated  as  the  minister  of  Lady 
Maxwell^s  Chapel,  at  the  Hotwells,  Clifton. 
On  the  31st  Jan.  1791|  he  was  settled  as 
the  minister  of  Argyle  Chapel,  in  Bath, 
having  previously  for  many  months  preached 
there. 

Mr.  Jay's  regular  ministry  was  confined 
to  Bath,  and  was  interrupted  only  by  an- 
nual visits  to  London  and  to  the  coast. 
By  his  writings,  however,  he  was  so  exten- 
sively known,  that  few  persons  of  any  de- 
nomination omitted  an  opportunity  of  hear- 
ing him.  He  continued  to  be  the  minister 
of  Argyle  Chapel  until  January,  1853, 
during  the  remarkable  period  of  sixty -two 
years.  In  Jan.  1841,  when  Mr.  Jay  had 
completed  the  fiftieth  year  of  his  ministry, 
the  jubilee  was  celebrated  by  religious  ser- 
vices in  the  chapel,  and  by  a  social  meet- 
ing which  was  held  in  the  Assembly  Roomi 


on  Tuesday,  the  2nd  Feb.  1841.  On  that 
occasion  830  persons  breakfasted  together, 
and  a  testimonial  of  respect  was  presented 
to  Mr.  Jay :  it  consisted  of  a  sfdver  with 
an  appropriate  inscription,  and  a  purse 
which  contained  650/. 

The  circumstances  connected  with  his 
resignation  of  the  pastoral  duties  at  Argyle 
Chapel  have  been  the  subject  of  much  dis- 
cussion, and  occasioned  a  disunion  among 
his  people,  which  resulted  in  the  secession 
of  a  large  number,  who  now  assemble  for 
worship  in  the  Assembly  Rooms.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  this  embittered  his  latter 
days,  and  he  has  been  more  than  once,  we 
understand,  heard  to  express  his  belief 
that  the  wound  thus  made  would  never  be 
healed.  During  the  last  year  he  haa  occa- 
sionally preached  at  Bradford  (in  which 
town  be  hasi  since  his  second  marriage, 
frequently  resided),  at  Bratton,  and  other 
small  places  in  the  neighbourhood ;  and, 
not  very  long  since,  he  preached  at  the 
chapel  near  the  residence  of  the  Earl  of 
Ducie. 

In  a  description  of  Mr.  Jay's  manner 
of  preaching  written  in  1819,  we  find  the 
following  remarks :  "  His  eloquence  it 
sometimes  highly  animated,  but  more  com- 
monly tender  and  pathetic.  Much,  no 
doubt,  of  the  impression  he  makes  is  owing 
to  his  vocal  powers,  and  his  full  manage- 
ment of  their  influences.  His  friends  know 
what  emotion  he  has  frequently  excited  by 
a  single  sentence.  There  is,  however,  no 
art  or  affectation  in  his  manner.  It  is 
nature  speaking :  it  is  simply  a  natural 
feeling,  and  a  serious  anxiety  to  produce  a 
useful  effect ;  and  Mr.  Sheridan  once  said, 
when  he  heard  him.  This  is  the  most  per- 
fectly natural  orator  I  ever  met  with. 

*'  His  favourite,  though  by  no  means 
invariable,  method  of  preaching  is  textual : 
and  so  attentive  is  he  to  perspicuity  and 
order,  that  few  discourses  are  so  easily 
understood,  and  so  generally  recollected. 
He  is  accustomed  only  to  write  the  out- 
lines of  his  sermons,  and  to  leave,  after 
much  meditation,  the  filling  up  to  the  ex- 
tempore energy  of  the  moment  of  delivery. 
His  acquaintance  with  the  Sacred  Volume 
is  great,  and  enables  him  to  bring  forward 
passages  which  are  seldom  noticed  by 
many  others  ;  yet  not  in  the  way  of  a 
fanciful  mode  of  allegory,  but  rather  as 
supplying  more,  and  better,  practical  and 
appropriate  remarks.  He  frequently  pro- 
duces great  effect  by  a  judicious  use  of 
anecdotes ;  though,  in  his  anxiety  to  be 
simple  and  familiar,  and  to  be  understood 
and  felt  by  the  common  people,  he  per- 
haps occasionally  descends  too  much  from 
a  very  refined  taste.'"  (European  Mag«« 
sine,  Jan.  1819.) 

At  the  same  period  bis  works  ooii«bte4 


1854.]     Obituary.— jB.  L.  Vulliamyy  Esq.— Dr.  Grotefend.      325 


of  eight  Tolumes,  most  of  which  had  passed 
through  several  large  editions,  and  had 
been  repablished  in  America.  They  con- 
sisted almost  wholly  of  sermons,  together 
with  an  Essay  on  Marriage,  and  Memoirs 
of  the  Rev.  Cornelius  Winter  and  the  Rev. 
John  Clark. 

His  last  literary  work  was  a  volume  of 
Lectures  on  Female  Scriptural  Characters, 
originally  delivered  more  than  forty-eight 
years  ago,  which  has  been  published  since 
his  death,  inscribed  to  the  Dowager  Coun- 
tess of  Ducie,  in  a  dedication  dated  in  the 
very  month  of  his  death. 

It  is  stated  that  Mr.  Jay  had  for  many 
years  in  preparation  an  account  of  his  own 
life  and  times,  and  that  it  is  brought  down 
to  a  very  recent  period. 

Mr.  Jay  married,  in  the  same  year  that 
he  settled  in  Bath,  Anne,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  Davies,  Rector  of  Bath 
Easton,  and  of  Coy  church  in  Wales :  and 
by  that  lady  he  had  three  sons  and  three 
daughters.  Mrs.  Jay  died  a  few  years  ago, 
and  he  afterwards  married  Miss  Head,  of 
Bradford,  who  survives  him. 

His  body  was  consigned  to  the  family 
vault,  in  the  burial-ground  in  Snow-hill, 
belonging  to  Argyle  Chapel,  on  Tuesday 
the  3rd  Jan.  The  mourners  were,  Mr. 
Cyrus  Jay,  Mr.  Ernest  Jay,  R.  Ashton, 
esq.,  Rev.  R.  Bolton,  Rev.  Jay  Bolton, 
Rev.  James  Bolton,  Joshua  Whittaker, 
esq.,  and  the  Rev.  J.  A.  James. 

Mr.  Jay's  portrait  was  painted  by  Mr. 
Etty,  and  an  engraving  from  it  was  pub- 
lished in  the  European  Magazine  for  Jan. 
1819. 


Benjamin  Lewis  Vulliamy,  Esq. 

Jan.  8.  Aged  74,  Benjamin  Lewis 
Vulliamy,  esq.  of  Pall  Mall,  F.R,A.S., 
F.R.6.S.,  and  Associate  of  the  Institute  of 
Civil  Engineers,  Watch  and  Clockmaker 
to  her  Majesty,  the  Office  of  Woods,  Ord- 
nance, and  Post  Office.  He  was  the  son 
of  a  gentleman  of  the  same  name  who  was 
before  him  Clockmaker  to  the  Crown,  &c. 
and  whose  family  has  held  that  appoint- 
ment by  royal  warrant  for  130  years,  con- 
ducting their  business  in  the  same  house 
in  Pall  Mali.  Mr.  Vulliamy  pursued  the 
art  in  a  truly  scientific  spirit,  and  had 
written  much  in  various  places  on  matters 
connected  with  it.  The  business  will  no 
longer  be  continued  under  the  name. 

Mr.  Vulliamy  has  left  two  sons, — Ben- 
jamin-Lewis, who  has  for  some  years  re- 
sided in  Italy,  and  George,  an  architect, 
and  secretary  to  the  Archseological  Institute 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland;  and  one 
daughter,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  S.  J.  Rigaud, 
Head  Master  of  the  Grammar  School  at 
Ipswich,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Prof.  Rigaud 
of  Oxford. 


D&.  Grotbfbmd. 

Dec.  15.  At  Hanover,  in  his  78th  year, 
Dr.  George  Friedrich  Grotefend,  the  phi- 
lologist and  antiquary. 

He  was  bom  at  M&nden,  on  the  9th 
June,  1775,  and  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  the  school  of  his  native  town  and 
in  the  educational  establishment  at  Ilfeld. 
In  1795  he  entered  the  University  of  Gdt- 
tingen,  where  he  was  brought  into  close 
connexion  with  Heyne,  Tychsen,  Heeren, 
and  other  eminent  scholars.     By  the  in- 
fluence of  the  former,  exerted  on  his  be-  - 
half,  he  became  one  of  the  teachers  of 
the  Gymnasium  in  1797.    After  this  he 
made  himself  known  by  a  little  work  en- 
titled, "  De   Pasigraphia,  live   Scriptura 
Universal!,**  published  at   Gottingen  in 
1799.    In  1803  he  was  advanced  to  the 
office  of  protector  of  the  Gymnasium,  and 
three  years  afterwards,  in  1806,  to  that  of 
co-rector  of  the  same  establishment;  in 
18 IS  he  was  promoted  to  the  office  of  pro- 
fessor of  classical  literature  in  the  Lyceum 
of  Frankfort-on-the-Main  ;  from  whence, 
in  18S1,  he  was  summoned  to  take  the 
directorship  of  the  Lyceum  at  Hanover, 
which  office  he  held  until  1819.    Besides 
many  learned  and  profound  essays  or  trea- 
tises, published  in  the  Allgemeine  Ency- 
klopSdie  and  in  other  journals  devoted  to 
literature,  a  very  long  catalogue  of  his 
literary  works  is  enumerated  in  the  bio- 
graphy given  of  him  in  the  Hannoversche 
Zeitung.     He  was,  however,  pre-eminent 
in  regard  to  his  literary  renown,  on  ac- 
count of  the  fortunate  results  that  attended 
his  efforts,  commenced  in  180S,  in  the  de- 
ciphering of  the  Persepolitan  cuneiform 
inscriptions,  and  which  have  been  further 
extended  by  subsequent  investigators  in 
the  same  department  of  archieological  lite- 
rary research,  as  Lassen,  Bournouf,  Botta, 
Hincks,  Rawlinson,  Layard,  and  others. 
Indeed,   Dr.  Grotefend  appears  to  have 
been  the  first  to  furnish  the  key  to  the 
elucidation  of  these  very  remarkable  in- 
scriptions ;  and  in  that  respect  he  may  be 
said  to  bear  the  same  relation  to  this  sub- 
ject that  our  own  countryman,  Dr.  Thomaa 
Young,  bears  to  another  but  not  less  in- 
teresting kindred  subject,  namely,  the  de- 
ciphering of  the  Egyptian  hieroglyphic 
writings,  aided,  however,  as  he  was  by  the 
Rosetta  Stone,  and  in  which  he  has  been 
so  successfully  •followed  by  Champollion 
and  others.     In  what  estimation  his  la- 
bours in  the  cause  of  literature  were  held, 
the  numerous  diplomas  he  received  from 
many  learned  societies  in  Germany  and 
other  countries  will  plainly   testify.     In 
1847  the  King  of  Prussia  bestowed  upon 
him  the  honourable  distinction  of  the  third 
class  of  \f^  order  of  the  Red  Eagle  of 
Prussia,  a^  subsequently  the  King  of 


826      Obituary.—/'.  ArundaU^  Eiq^r^Mr.  J.  S.  Siorer.    [Marcti, 


Hanover  conferred  upon  him  the  rank  of 
member  of  the  fourth  class  of  the  Royal 
Guelp^hic  Order  of  Hanover ;  and  on  ac- 
count of  this  distinction  he  dedicated  to 
that  sovereign  his  last  work,  on  the  deci- 
phering of  the  inscriptions  relating  to  As- 
syrian and  Babylonian  Kings  at  Nimroud. 
Dr.  Grotefend  was  no  less  amiable  and 
respected  as  a  man  than  he  was  distin- 
guished as  a  scholar.  He  was  naturally 
endowed  with  a  constitution  of  unusual 
healthiness  and  vigour,  of  which  he  wisely 
availed  himself  by  his  persevering  efforts 
in  study,  and  by  which  he  was  able  to  reap 
for  himself  such  a  rich  harvest  in  the  at- 
tractive fields  of  literature.  In  his  death 
society  in  general,  and  literature  in  parti- 
cular, have  sustained  a  heavy  loss. — F)rom 
a  paper  by  Dr.  W,  Camps,  read  btfore 
the  SyrO'Bgyptian  Society. 


Francis  Arundal^,  £sa. 

Sept.  9.  At  Brighton,  in  his  47th  year, 
Francis  Arundale,  esq.  architect. 

Mr.  Arundale  was  born  in  London,  on 
the  9th  August,  1807.  He  served  his 
articles  for  seven  years  with  the  elder 
Pugin ;  and,  on  the  expiration  of  that 
time,  accompanied  Mr.  Pugin  in  his  tour 
of  Normandy,  and  in  conjunction  with 
Messrs.  G.  B.  Moore,  Ferrey,  and  Talbot 
Bury,  made  the  drawings  published  as 
*''  Specimens  of  the  Architectural  Anti- 
quities of  Normandy."  In  1831  he  went 
out  to  Mr.  Hay,  who  was  investigating 
the  antiquities  of  Egypt ;  and  made  draw- 
ings of  all  the  principal  remains  in  that 
country.  This  gave  the  tone  to  his  future 
life.  He  afterwards  joined  Mr.  Cather- 
wood  and  Mr.  Bonomi,  with  whom,  in 
1833,  he  visited  tlie  Holy  Land,  and  made 
a  Ivery  large  number  of  drawings  and 
sketches.  He  was  one  of  the  very  few 
Christians  who  have  obtained  admission 
into  the  Mosque  of  Omar,  built  on  the 
site  of  the  Temple  of  Solomon  ;  and  of 
this  he  made  careful  drawings.  Altogether 
he  was  nine  years  in  the  East.  When  in 
Upper  Egypt  he  inhabited  one  of  the  ex- 
cavated tombs,  where,  probably,  the  seeds 
of  those  maladies  were  laid  which  after- 
wards terminated  his  life.  After  return- 
ing from  the  East  Mr.  Arundale  visited 
Italy,  Greece,  Asia  Minor,  and  other 
parts,  where  he  made  numerous  drawings. 
He  had  previously  publislied  his  journal 
made  in  the  East,  and  when  in  Italy  com- 
menced, but  did  not  finish,  a  reprint  of 
the  works  of  Palladio.  More  recently,  in 
conjunction  with  Mr.  Bonomi  and  Mr. 
Birch,  he  published  a  work  on  Egyptian 
antiquities;  but  he  had  not  the  art  of  de- 
scending to  popularixe,  and  the  sale  was 
smalL  He  had  of  late  years  painted  le- 
yeral  large  pictures  in  oil,  from  his  tketchei 


abroad.  Occupied  as  he  h&d  been  entirely 
as  an  architectural  artist,  in  the  first  part 
of  his  career,  he  had  not  practised  as  an 
architect :  the  only  building  known  to 
have  been  executed  by  him  being  a  Boat- 
house  at  Birmingham,  for  Mr.  Bowyer 
Adderley. 

Mr.  Arundale  married  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  Pickersgill,  the  Royal  Academician, 
who  remains  with  six  children  to  deplore 
his  irreparable  loss. 

Note. — During  Mr.  Arundale's  visits  to 
the  East  he  collected  some  Antiquities,  of 
which  his  widow  would  wish  to  dispose. 
We  give  a  list  of  them,  with  their  prices, 
in  our  Advertisement  sheet,  in  the  hope 
that  it  may  strike  the  eye  of  some  one 
interested  in  such  curiosities. — Edit. 


Mr.  James  S.  Storer. 

Dec.  23.  In  King  Ed  ward- terrace,  Isling- 
ton, aged  82,  James  Sargant  Storer,  for- 
merly of  Cambridge,  an  eminent  draughts- 
man and  engraver,  particularly  in  the 
department  of  topography  and  antiquities. 

In  most  of  bis  published  works  Mr. 
Storer  was  associated  with  his  eldest  son, 
the  late  Henry  Sargant  Storer,  who  died 
8th  January,  1837,  and  was  buried  in  the 
family  vault  at  St.  James's  Chapel,  Pen- 
tonville,  now  the  resting-place  of  his  father. 

The  engraved  works  of  the  Messrs. 
Storer,  for  the  most  part  taken  from  their 
own  accurate  drawings,  are  very  numerous. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  of  them, 
arranged,  as  nearly  as  possible,  in  the  order 
of  time. 

*'  Cowper,  illustrated  by  a  series  of  Tiews 
in  or  near  the  park  of  Weston  Underwood, 
Bucks.  Accompanied  with  copious  de- 
scriptions. 1803.  4to.  This  was  a  favourite 
work,  and  passed  through  several  editions. 
Many  years  after  its  first  appearance,  the 
views  were  re-engraved  on  a  smaller  scale, 
and  from  varied  aspects.  The  new  edition 
is  entitled,  *'  The  Rural  Walks  of  Cow- 
per, displayed  in  a  series  of  views  near 
Olney,  Bucks.*'     (No  date.) 

"  Views  in  North  Britain,  illustrative  of 
the  Works  of  Robert  Bums;  with  a  Sketch 
of  his  Life."     1805. 

A  third  work  of  the  same  character,  in 
illustration  of  Bloomfield. 

"  Select  Views  of  London  and  its  En- 
virons." (Engraved  in  conjunction  with 
Mr.  John  Greig.)  1804-5.  Two  vols.  4to. 
containing  seventy-one  plates. 

*'  The  Antiquarian  and  Topographical 
Cabinet."  (Also  in  conjunction  with  Mri 
Greig.)     10  vols.  (500  pUtes.)  1807-11. 

*'  Antient  Reliques."  (A  continuation 
of  similar  plates.)     2  vols.  8vo.     1812. 

Another  edition  of  the  *'  Cabinet,*'  In 
combination  with  the  plates  of  the  work 
last-mentioned.     1817-19. 


1854.]       Obituary.— y.  Van  Eycken. — Mr.  C.  Barber, 


327 


*'  Views  and  Description  of  the  Abbey 
of  FonthiU,  Wilts/'    1812.     Large  8vo. 

"  Histrionic  Topography ;  or  the  Birth 
Places,  Residences,  and   Funeral  Monu- 
ments of  the  most  distinguished  Actors/' 
(With  descriptions  by  J.  Norris  Brewer.) 
1813.    8vo. 

'*  The  Portfolio.  A  collection  of  En- 
grayings  from  Antiquarian,  Architectural, 
and  Topographical  subjects.''  4  vols. 
1823-24. 

«The  Cathedrals  of  Great  Britain." 
4  Tols.  1814-19.  Characterized  by  the 
late  Mr.  Pugin  as  by  far  the  best  views  of 
our  cathedrals  for  accuracy  of  drawing  and 
detail.  The  letterpress  was  written  wholly 
by  a  Mr.  Brown,  who  manifested  much 
intemperate  zeal  in  his  religious  and  poli- 
tical remarks.  Mr.  Brown,  died  in  the 
prime  of  life,  in  a  tour  to  the  continent, 
and  is  noticed  in  Britton's  Chronological 
History  of  Christian  Architecture  (ap- 
pended to  the  fifth  volume  of  his  Archi- 
tectural Antiquities,  p.  zzix). 

The  plates  in  "  A  Dialogue — after  the 
manner  of  Castiglione  on  Oxford,'**  by 
Rowley  Lascelles,  Esq.     1822. 

*'  Delineations  of  Gloucestershire ;  being 
48  Views  of  the  principal  Seats,*'  (with 
Descriptionsby  J.  N.  Brewer.)  1824.  4to. 

*'  Delineations  of  Fountains  Abbey,  co. 
York,"  4to.  (about  1820,)  with  plates  on 
a  larger  scale  than  most  of  the  Messrs. 
Storers'  works,  and  of  a  high  degree  of 
excellence. 

The  plates  in  Cromwell's  *'  History  of 
ClerkenweU."     1828. 

The  plates  in  Cromwell's  "Walks 
through  Islington.''  1835.  (Somewhat 
slight,  but  accurate.) 

A  large  and  magnificent  interior  view  of 
King's  College  Chapel,  Cambridge,  look- 
ing west.  The  largest  work  of  the  Messrs. 
Storer.  It  was  not  finished  till  after  Mr. 
H.  S.  Storer's  death,  and  the  finished 
copies  are  inscribed  to  his  memory. 

A  large  view  of  Highbury  College. 
1827. 

Other  works  qfunknoum  date. 

Illustrations  to  a  Life  of  the  Rev.  John 
Newton. 

A  work  on  Edinburgh. 

A  Panoramic  View  of  that  City. 

A  large  South  View  of  Rotherham 
Church,  Yorkshire. 

A  series  of  Views  of  the  College  Gates 
at  Cambridge  (and  other  illustrations  of 
Cambridge,  where  Mr.  S.  for  some  years 
resided) . 

The  letterpress  to  some  of  the  above- 
named  works  is  believed  to  have  been 
written  by  Mr.  James  Storer,  though  it  is 
not  known  that  he  ever  ostensibly  assumed 
the  position  of  an  author. 


The  antiquities  of  England  are  as  deeply 
indebted  to  James  Storer  as  to  almost  any 
other  artist.  His  works  will  preserve  faith- 
ful resemblances  of  buildings,  many  of 
which  have  already  fallen  before  the  de- 
stroyer, and  not  a  few  of  which  are  not 
elsewhere  delineated. 


J.  Van  Eycken. 

Dec.  ...  At  his  residence.  Place  de  la 
Chancellerie,  Brussells,  J.  Van  Eycken, 
painter. 

His  works  were  chiefly  religious  subjects, 
or  episodes  of  life  treated  allegorically. 
Her  Majesty  is  the  possessor  of  his  picture 
called  ''Abundance,"  representing  a  lovely 
mother  with  her  twin  infants.  It  is  painted 
in  the  most  luscious  colour  of  the  modern 
Belgian  school.  He  exhibited  at  the  Royal 
Academy  four  years  ago  three  fine  pictures, 
which  were  not  duly  estimated  by  our 
amateurs,  and  were  returned  to  Brussells. 
Her  Majesty  and  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert, 
however,  had  a  finer  appreciation  of  his 
high  artistic  attainments,  and  the  royal 
collection  boasts  the  possession  of  three  of 
his  pictures.  Before  his  death  he  gave 
permission  to  engrave  the  picture  of 
"Abundance,"  which  will,  undoubtedlyi 
make  his  talent  appreciated,  although  too 
late  for  this  inestimable  artist  to  enjoy  the 
distinction  he  so  fully  merited. 

While  painting  a  large  composition  in 
the  transept  of  the  church  in  the  Rue 
Laute,  called  '*  La  Chapelle,"  he  had  the 
misfortune  to  fall  from  the  scaffolding. 
Although  not  much  injured,  it  had  a  bad 
effect  on  his  fragile  health,  occasioned  by 
the  poignant  grief  felt  at  the  premature 
death  of  his  wife,  to  whom  he  was  so  ten- 
derly attached,  that  he  never  ceased  to 
mourn  her  up  to  the  period  of  his  own 
decease. 


Mft.  Charles  Barber. 

Jan.  ...  At  Liverpool,  Mr.  Charles 
Barber,  President  of  the  Liverpool  Aca- 
demy of  Arts. 

Mr.  Barber  was  a  native  of  Birming- 
ham, but  had  been  resident  in  Liverpool 
or  its  neighbourhood  for  above  forty  years, 
during  the  whole  of  which  period  he  occu- 
pied an  eminent  position  in  relation  to 
local  art.  From  the  opening  of  the  Royal 
Institution,  Mr.  Barber  was  connected 
with  it,  and  acted  as  teacher  of  drawing. 
He  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the 
Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  in  the 
proceedings  of  which  he  took  a  lively 
interest  to  the  last,  and  to  which,  in  times 
gone  by,  he  was  a  frequent  contributor  of 
papers.  With  the  literary  men  bv  whom 
Liverpool  was  distinguished  during  the 
first  quarter  of  the  present  century,  Ros- 
coe,  Traill,  Shepherd,  and  others,  be  was 


828 


Obituary. — Mr.  Philip  Klitz. 


[March) 


on  terms  of  familiar  intercourse,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  to  encourage  and  assist  the 
late  Thomas  Rickman  in  his  studies  of 
Gothic  architecture,  in  which  he  after- 
wards obtained  so  much  celebrity.  When 
the  Architectural  and  Archseological  So- 
^^iety  was  formed,  Mr.  Barber  gave  it  his 
warm  and  cordial  aid.  He  was  one  of 
its  first  members,  filled  the  office  of  vice- 
president  for  two  years,  and  was  assiduous 
and  constant  in  his  attendance  until  pre- 
vented by  recent  infirmities. 

As  an  artist  Mr.  Barber  was  an  en- 
thusiastic lover  of  nature ;  he  never  wearied 
in  his  attentive  devotion  to  catch  her 
changeful  expressions,  whether  in  the 
varied  and  gorgeous  effects  of  sunrise,  the 
mysterious  mantle  of  mist,  or  the  spark- 
ling brilliancy  of  sunlight  on  the  waters. 
During  his  moments  of  leisure  his  pencil 
was  ever  in  liis  hand,  striving  to  embody 
and  make  patent  the  sense  of  the  beautiful 
as  present  to  his  mental  vision.  He  was 
a  regular  contributor  to  our  local  exhi- 
bitions, and,  occasionally,  at  the  exhibition 
of  the  Royal  Academy  in  London.  Re- 
lieved during  his  latter  years  from  the 
necessity  of  toil,  by  the  possession  of  ample 
private  means,  his  enthusiasm  for  art  con- 
tinued to  the  last.  Above  a  year  ago  he 
suffered  severely  from  an  attack  of  paraly- 
sis, from  which  he  partially  recovered,  but 
which  left  its  effects  on  his  utterance.  His 
mind  and  right  hand,  however,  were  still 
healthy  and  sound ;  and  it  will  give  some 
idea  of  the  character  of  the  man  to  state, 
that  under  these  circumstances  he  com- 
pleted two  pictures  which  were  exhibited 
in  Trafalgar-square,  London,  in  1849 : 
these  were,  "  Evening  after  Rain,  a  lug- 
gage train  preparing  to  shunt  ;'*  and  "  The 
Dawn  of  Day,  a  foraging  party  returning.^^ 

As  President  of  the  Liverpool  Academy 
he  won  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  bro- 
ther artists,  soothing,  when  necessary,  the 
genu»  irritabile  vatum,  and  encouraging 
the  younger  members  in  their  aspirations 
after  distinction  and  success.  By  the 
Academy  the  loss  of  his  counsels  and  sup- 
port will  be  severely  felt,  particuUrly  at 
the  present  juncture,  when  they  seem 
likely  to  be  turned  adrift  without  a  local 
habitation  to  call  their  o^u,^Liverpool 
Courier, 


Mb.  Philip  Klitz. 

Jan.  13.  At  Southampton,  aged  49, 
Mr.  Philip  Klitz,  professor  of  music,  and 
organist  of  All  Saints^  Church. 

He  was  bom  at  Lymington,  where  his 
father  established  his  reputation  as  a 
musician  of  considerable  eminence,  and 
brought  up  six  sons  to  his  profession. 
Philip,  the  eldest,  early  became  a  composer 
of  ball-room  music.  He  came  to  reside  in 
13 


Southampton  about  twenty-five  years  ago, 
and  showed  the  versatility  of  his  talenta 
by  composing,  besides  much  classical 
music,  a  variety  of  ballads,  of  which  the 
words  were  frequently  his  own.  and  one 
series  of  naval  songs,  called  **  The  Songs 
of  the  Mid- Watch,"  the  Admiralty  did 
him  the  honour  of  ordering  them  to  be 
added  to  Dibdin^s  in  a  specud  edition  pub- 
lished for  the  navy.  Besides  his  musical 
works  he  was  the  author  of  "  Tales  of  the 
New  Forest,''  which  he  was  well  qualified 
to  write,  from  his  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  scenery  of  the  Forest,  and  the 
manners  of  its  people.  He  was  a  great 
advocate  for  the  Hullah  system,  and  in- 
troduced it  in  Southampton  and  other 
places,  and  indeed  sought  to  cultivate  a 
musical  taste  among  the  young  generallv. 
His  lectures  on  music  were  exceedingly 
attractive  at  all  the  Literary  Institutions 
of  these  counties.  He  was  a  most  brilliant 
performer  on  the  pianoforte  and  violiny 
and  conducted  Paganini's  concerts  when 
very  young.  He  has  for  many  years  held 
the  office  of  organist  at  All  Saints^  church, 
and  there,  as  well  as  previously  at  other 
churches,  raised  and  taught  a  choir,  and 
perfected  the  vocal  service.  His  wife  and 
an  only  son  have  to  mourn  the  loss  of  an 
affectionate  husband  and  father — the  pro* 
fession  of  one  of  its  most  meritorious  and 
accomplished  members,  and  the  Masonie 
brethren  a  brother  whom  they  esteemed. 
He  always  gave  a  willing  assistance  to  the 
craft,  and  distinguished  himself  amongst 
them,  and  was  P.P.G.O.  of  HampsUre* 
One  of  his  Masonic  compositions,  '*  Faith, 
Hope,  and  Charity,"  is  possessed  by  every 
Lodge  in  the  province,  and  is  introdnoed 
at  most  of  their  festive  entertainments. 


DEATHS, 

ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDSB. 

Aug.  ...  At  Mew  York,  aged  nearly  90,  lir. 
John  Noble.  He  emigrated  when  young,  flrom 
Grafton,  near  Boronghbridge,  Yorkshire,  amaMed 
a  large  fortune,  and,  having  no  iasne,  has  t>e- 
queathed  it  (except  fourteen  thouaand  doUura  to 
charitable  institutions)  to  his  own  relatives,  some 
of  whom  reside  in  Yorkshire.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Wesleyan  Society  for  a  number  of  vears. 

Sept.  11.  At  Hobart  Town,  Alfred  Ifargetta, 
esq.  third  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Margetts,  esq.  of 
Hemingford  Orey,  Huntingdonshire. 

Sept.  12.  At  Umballah,  Charles  St.  John,  HJ>. 
Inspector-gen.  of  Hospitals  in  Calcutta.  He  en- 
tered the  service  as  Hospital  Asdstant  in  1811, 
became  regimental  Surgeon  in  1823,  Staif  Surgeon 
1836,  an  Assistant  Inspector  1839,  Dep.  In- 
spector-general Oct.  1843,  and  Inspector-general 
July  1850.  He  served  in  the  Peninsula  from  Sept. 
1811  to  the  end  of  the  war,  and  subsequently  in 
the  American  war. 

yov.  7.  Drowned,  at  San  Jorge,  Rio  Negro, 
Banda  Oriental,  in  attempting  to  ford  a  river  on 
horseback,  aged  29,  Thomas  Fair,  Jon.  second 
surviring  son  of  Thomas  Fair,  esq.  of  Edinburgh, 
formerly  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

JVor.  15.  Aged  24,  Herbert-John,  second  son  ot 
Richard  Beatniffe  Manclarke,  esq.  of  Rnglqr. 


1854.] 


Obituary, 


329 


Xop.  18.  A^ed  G7,  Miijor-Gcueral  Jume^  Camp- 
bell, K.H.  late  Lieut.-Ck>lonel  of  the  95th  Foot,  to 
which  comiuisidon  he  was  appomted  in  Sept.  1831. 
He  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  1838,  and  that 
of  3kIajor-Gencral  in  1851.  His  body  -was  interred 
in  the  Kenaal  Green  Cemeter}-. 

yov2l.  At  Meenit,  aged  28,  Fanny,  wife  of 
Capt.  Edward  Grantlium,  U.M.  98th  Kegt.  eldest 
dau.  of  E.  T.  Janverin,  esq.  of  Tortsniouth. 

yoc.  22.  At  Ipswich,  in  liis  85th  year,  James 
Thomdike,  esf].  one  of  the  few  survivors  of  the  old 
corporation,  in  which  he  served  the  office  of  Bailiff 
inthej'ears  1809,1813,  1815,  and  1819.  He  was 
Treasurer  of  the  Ipswich  Charities  for  many  years 
previous  to  the  passing  of  the  Municipal  Reform 
Bill,  when  he  was  cliosen  Auditor  of  the  Corpora- 
tion,  an  office  which  ho  held  to  his  death. 

yor.  27.  At  I>elhi,  where  he  had  been  lately 
elected  deputy  secretary  and  manager  of  the 
Delhi  Bank,  aged  31,  Franc is-Macnaghten,  second 
!<un  of  Browne  lioberts,  esq. 

Dec.  2.  From  a  stroke  of  the  sun,  on  his  pas- 
rmge  to  Madras,  in  the  Oriental,  t\i'o  days  after 
leaving  Aden,  aged  2G,  Frederic  James  Norton, 
third  surviving  son  of  the  late  Sh*  John  David 
Noi*ton. 

Dec.  8.  At  Ooscottah,  between  Bangalore  and  Ma- 
dras, aged  32,  James  Lumsdaiue  Sandys-Lums- 
daino,  Lieut,  fdth  Light  Dragoons,  eldest  surviving 
son  of  the  Kev.  Edwin  Sandys  Lumsdaine,  of  Bla- 
neme,  &c.  N.B.  and  Kcctor  of  Upper  Uardres 
andStelling,  Kent. 

Dec.  12.  At  La  Guayra,  Henry  Joseph  Lordi 
emi.  formerly  partner  in  the  Arm  of  Fowles,  Lord* 
Weymar,  and  Co. 

Dec.  13.  In  Jamaica,  aged  40,  James-Strange, 
eldest  and  last  surviving  son  of  Col.  Maddan. 

Dec.  14.  At  Clifton,  Commander  Thomas  Jack- 
son (a),  on  the  reserved  list  of  1851.  This  officer 
entered  the  navy  in  18U0,  iu  the  Marlborough  74, 
Capt.  Sotheby,  stationed  in  the  Channel,  and 
in  the  following  Nov.  removed  to  the  Superb  74, 
in  which  he  served  mitil  Oct.  1807  ;  participating 
during  that  period  in  Saumarez*  action  of  12th 
July,  1801,  the  action  iu  the  Gulph  of  Gibraltar, 
Nelson's  pursuit  of  the  fleets  to  the  West  Indies, 
Duckworth's  action  oflf  St.  Domingo,  6th  Feb. 
1806,  when  he  was  slightly  wounded,  and  in  the 
expedition  to  Copenhagen.  He  then  became  act- 
ing Lieutenant  of  the  Nassau  64,  which  effected, 
in  company  wltli  the  Stately  64,  the  capture  and 
destruction  of  tlie  Danish  74,  Trindts  Christian 
lYederic.  Mr.  Jackson's  confirmation  in  tlie  rank 
of  Lieutenant  took  place  on  the  17th  of  tlie  ensu- 
mg  May ;  and  be  assumed  voluntary  command, 
6th  Sept.  1809,  of  one  of  four  boats,  which  assisted 
in  l)oarding  and  carrying  Le  Jean  Bart,  of  4  gims 
and  25  men.  His  succeeding  appointments  were, 
in  1809  to  tlie  Cordelia  10,  Coquette,  paid  off  in 
Jan.  1812,  and  lOtli  Feb.  1813  to  the  Wasp  sloop, 
in  which  lie  served  on  the  North  American  and 
Mediterranean  stations  until  put  out  of  conunis- 
sion  in  Sept.  1818. 

Dec.  15.  At  the  Caiwof  Good  Hope,  Capt.  Clias. 
Breton,  74th  liighlanders,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
J.  F.  Breton,  esq.  of  Lyndhurst. 

At  Toronto,  Kppcr  Canada,  John  Urownlow  Os- 
born,  esq.  third  son  of  the  late  Sir  John  Osborn, 
Bart,  of  Cliicksauds  I'riory. 

Dec.  18.  At  Surinam,  aged  50,A.  Mackintosh ,es(i. 

Dec.  21,  At  Fulmouth ,  in  his  2 1  st  year,  Edward- 
Jolui,  second  son  of  Captain  Tascoe,  R.M.  late  of 
Corpus  Christi  college,  Cambridge. 

Dec.  22.  At  Hamilton,  Canada,  William  Roger 
Puleston,  esq.  third  son  of  Colonel  Sir  Richard 
Puleston,  Bart,  of  Emral-park,  Flintshire. 

Dec.  24,  Rebecca,  vvife  of  William  Sagon  Page, 
late  of  Scarborough,  solicitor ;  and  suddenly,  Jan. 
9,  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  W.  S.  Page,  solicitor, 
Duke-st.  Manchestcr-sq.  aged  62,  William  Sagon, 
late  of  Scarborough,  solicitor  and  notary  public. 

At  Bayswater,  aged  32,  Charles  I,.  C.  Radford, 
chief  officer  of  the  ship  Esk,  R.W.I.M.S.  Com- 
pany's Serv.  only  child  of  thelateDr.  Radford,  M.D. 

Gent.  M.\g.  Vol.  XLI. 


Dec.  25.  At  Quinton,  co.  Northampton,  aged  39, 
Marianne-Elizabeth,  eldest  dan.  of  Rev.  S.  B. 
Ward,  Rector  of  that  place. 

Dec.  27.  At  Tonbridge  Wells,  aged  75,  Heze- 
kiah  Brown,  esq.  late  Capt.  in  the  Royal  South 
Lincoln  Militia. 

At  Brompton,  Elizabetli-Purvis,  dau.  of  Archi- 
bald Kidd,  esq. 

At  Bristol,  Edward  I'homas,  esq.  He  was  a  li- 
beral supporter  of  the  Temperance  cause,  and  had 
subscribed  501.  towards  the  expenses  of  the  first 
year's  agitation  of  the  Temperance  Alliance. 

Dec.  28.  At  Boghead  House,  Antrim,  aged  18, 
Tliomas-Parker,  youngest  son  of  Col.  Gillmore. 

Dee.  30.  At  Falmouth,  Capt.  Charles  Pengelly, 
R.N.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1796,  and  served  for 
sixteen  years  on  full-pay,  besides  subsequent  em- 
ployment in  the  Water  and  Coast  Guard.  He  was 
made  Lieutenant  in  1805  ;  in  April  1814,  acting- 
Commanding  of  the  Guadaloupe  16,  for  his  con- 
duct in  leading  a  division  of  the  flotilla  in  the 
attack  on  Genoa ;  and  confirmed  Conunander  in 
September  following. 

Jan.  1.  At  St.  Kitts,  aged  28,  Grace-Williel- 
mina,  only  dau.  of  the  late  William  Bowrin,  esq. 
of  the  Paradise  Estate,  Nevis,  and  granddau.  of 
Rear-Adm.  Gourly,  R.N. 

At  Malta,  i^^  43,  Lord  Hamilton  Francis  Chi- 
chester, brother  to  the  Marquess  of  Donegal.  He 
was  the  fifth  son  of  George- Aug^tus  2d  Marquess, 
K.P.  by  Anna,  dau.  of  Sir  Edward  Alay,  Bart.  He 
married  in  1837  Honoria-Anastasia,  dan.  of  Henry 
James  Blake,  esq.  and  :dster  to  Lord  Wallscoort ; 
but  has  left  no  issue.  He  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  the  county  Donegal  at  the  general 
election  of  1832,  and  for  the  town  of  Belfast  at 
that  of  1842. 

At  Sandwich,  Canada  West,  aged  84,  John, 
third  son  of  Hem^^  Holmes,  esq.  solicitor,  Romsey. 

At  Nevis,  aged  36,  Paixfleld  Mills,  esq.  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  chief  justice  of  that  Island  ;  also, 
Dec.  9.  at  Ne>is,  aged  30,  George  Rice  Mills,  esq. 
his  brother.    They  both  died  of  cholera. 

Jan.  2.  At  Campden-grove,  Kensington,  aged 
58,  Col.  Francis  Haleman,  of  the  Madras  Army. 

At  Bristol,  G.  A.  Hogartli,  esq.  second  son  of 
the  late  Henry  Spence  Hogu'th,  esq.  of  Ford 
Place,  StiflTord,  Essex. 

At  Waunfawr,  Cardig.  George  Ricliards,  esq. 
late  of  Epsom. 

Jan.  3.  At  Camberwell,  Maria-Henrietta  Ashtou, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph  Ashtou,  e^q. 
formerly  of  Halstow,  Essex. 

At  Ballycastle,  co.  Antrim,  aged  89,  Mary,  relict 
of  Alexander  McNeale,  esq. 

Jan.  5.  At  Bcamhister,  Dorset,  aged  29,  Ann- 
Margaret,  second  dau.  of  Samuel  Cox,  esq. 

At  Windsor,  aged  72,  Mary,  widow  of  Jamea 
Fraser,  esq.  of  BeUadrun,  Invemesshire. 

At  Elton,  Hunts,  aged  85,  Mr.  David  Laurance, 
for  many  years  steward  to  the  late  Earl  of  Cary»- 
fort  and  his  trustees. 

Jan.  6.  In  Devonshire-st.  Qoeen-sq.  aged  89, 
Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Bex^Jamin  Baldwin,  esq.  late 
of  Wokingham,  Berks,  and  formerly  of  Faringdon ; 
and  sister  of  Robert  Baldwin,  esq.  of  Paternos- 
ter-row. 

At  the  rectory.  Great  Wigborongh,  Saiah-Jane, 
yrite  of  the  Rev.  (Jodfrey  Bird. 

At  Greenwich,  aged 20,  Reginald-Latham,second 
son  of  the  late  Kev.  William  Borradaile,  Vicar  of 
Wandsworth. 

At  Stirling,  aged  76,  R.  Bum,  esq.  R.N. 

At  Abercom  Lodge,  St.  John's  Wood,  aged  65, 
ThomasH^owbiggin,  esq.  head  of  the  late  eminent 
firm  of  Dowbiggin  and  Son,  cabinet  makers  and 
upholsterers.  Mount-street,  Grosvenor-square. 

At  Carshalton,  Surrey,  aged  77,  Ann,  relict  of 
Joseph  Estridge,  esq. 

At  Sydenham,  aged  58,  James  Feam,  esq. 

At  Grove  House,  Upper  Holloway,  aged  77,  tlie 
widow  of  Mr.  James  Gumey. 

At  Rugby,  aged  47,  William,  second  surviring 
!>on  of  Robert  Haymes,  esq.  of  Great  Glenn,  Leic. 

2U 


330 


Obituary. 


[March, 


Aged  87,  HarrieH-Jane,  \rife  of  J.  I.  Httnter, 
esq.  the  Old  Hall,  Brampton,  Suffolk. 

In  Charlotto-st.  Bedford-sq.  aged  52,  Joseph 
Edward  Kensit,  esq.  third  son  of  the  late  Heniry 
Kensit,  esq.  of  Bedford-row. 

At  Penge,  Surrey,  aged  54,  Marj',  relict  of  Tho- 
mas Kerigan,  esq,  H.N.,  F.R.S. 

At  the  Grove,  nciir  Houghton-le-Spring,  aged 
74,  Lewis  Pattison  Legge,  esq. 

At  Brompton,  near  London,  aged  72,  Col.  Henry 
John  Murton,  on  tlie  retired  full  pay  of  the  Royal 
Marines.  He  entered  the  service  in  May,  1798  ; 
became  Lieut.-Col.  July,  1837,  and  brevet  Colonel 
Nov.  1851.  He  served  in  the  North  Sea,  and  tlie 
Helder  expedition  in  1799 ;  in  the  Egyptian  expe- 
dition and  the  East  Indies  in  1801 ;  the  West  Indies 
(slightly  wounded)  in  1804 ;  coast  of  France,  and 
engaged  witli  the  enemy's  flotilla  and  batteries,  in 
1805 ;  the  Mediterrunean  in  IKOG,  engaged  in  cut- 
ting out  the  enemjr'.H  ve!»sels  fh)m  under  batteries, 
and  was  voted  a  sword  from  the  Patriotic  Fund  ; 
in  1809  coast  of  Spain,  and  aiding  the  Guerillas ; 
and  in  Holland  in  1813.  He  received  a  medal  for 
services  in  Egypt. 

At  Ticehurst,  Sussex,  aged  69,  Miss  Sarah 
Newington,  filth  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Newing- 
ton,  esq. 

At  Gloucester-cresc,  Westboume-terr.  aged  67, 
Thomas  Parsons,  esq.  late  of  Newport,  Shrop- 
shire. 

At  Southampton,  Lieut.-Col.  Prichard,  late  in 
command  of  the  56th  Regt. 

In  Upper  (Irosvenor-st.  aged  39,  Emma-Sarah, 
wife  of  M.  J.  Rtiodes,  cs(}.  and  dau.  of  Stansfeld 
Kawson,  esq.  of  Wastdale  Hall,  Cumberland. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  George  Sawyer,  es(i.  M.D.  of 
Guildford-st.  Russell-sq. 

Aged  65,  Thomas  Tipping,  csri.  of  Hockley-hUl, 
Birmingham. 

At  Chislehurst,  aged  70,  tlie  Hon.  Annabella 
Townshend,  third  daughter  of  Charles  first  Lord 
Bayning. 

Jan.  7.  At  Southampton,  aged  67,  Elizabeth, 
eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Capt.  Richard  Beman,  of 
Bursledon,  near  Southampton. 

At  Dawlish  Water,  near  Dawlish,  aged  50,  Capt. 
W.  Branscorabe. 

At  Exeter,  aged  54,  Charles  Coffin,  third  son  of 
the  late  Edmund  Coffin,  es<|.  of  Exeter  and  London. 

At  Bryngwyn  rectory,  Monmouthshire,  Mary 
Gertrude,  wife  of  Archdeacon  Crawley. 

Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Itev.  William 
Crowe,  for  many  years  Rector  of  Alton  Barnes, 
and  of  Llanymiuick,  Salop. 

At  Tiverton,  aged  87,  Sirs.  Harriet  Davis,  late 
of  Devonshire-buildings,  near  Batli. 

At  Florence,  Sanmel  Dobree,  esq.  of  tlie  5th 
Bombay  Light  Inf.  secontl  son  of  the  Rev.  John 
Gale  Dobrce,  Rector  of  Nowboume,  Suffolk. 

At  Stamford-villai*,  FuUuim-roatl,  aged  62,  Mrs. 
Dunning. 

At  the  rectory,  L'p-Lyme,  Devon,  Ann,  wife  of 
the  Hev.  C.  W.  Ethcb*tone,  Rector  of  L'p-Lyme,  and 
only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Edmund  Peel,  esq. 
of  WalUngton  Hall,  Norfolk. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
J.  J.  Gelling,  Incumbent  of  St.  Catharine  Cree, 
London. 

Aged  73,  John  Hcriot,  esq.  of  Fellowhills,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

Mrs.  EHrabeth  Cuyler  Holt,  widow,  the  sister 
of  Lieut.-Gen.  Cuyler,  of  Cuyler  Manor,  Cape  of 
Good  Hope. 

Aged  57,  Mary-iVnne,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Hughes,  esq.  of  Denbigh. 

In  Tavistock-s<i.  aged  76,  while  on  a  visit  to  her 
son,  Gerard  W.  Lydekker,  esq.  Elizabeth, relict  of 
Kichard  Lydekker,  esq.  M.D.  of  St.  Peter's,  St. 
Alban'.s,  only  daughter  of  the  late  Robert  Wolffe, 
esq.  of  Roxwell,  Essex. 

At  Kennington-terr.  aged  66,  Rd.  Pitman,  esq. 

At  Peiistree,  Suflolk,  aged  69,  Scipio  Kdward 
Richards,  esq.  Capt.  in  the  Bengal  umiy,  from 
Which  he  retired  In  1820. 


At  the  residenee  of  her  son-in-law,  Soafhampton, 
aged  80,  Frances,  widow  of  Thomas  Christopher 
Speck,  R.N. 

Aged  33,  Charles,  youngest  son  of  Joseph  Sykes, 
esq.  of  Huddersfleld. 

Mr.  James  Ward,  of  Jewin-st.  Aldersgate,  and 
River-lane,  Islington,  Member  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Council. 

At  Brighton,  aged  26,  Rhoda,  wife  of  R.  C.  Webb, 
esq.  of  Wennington,  Essex. 

Jan.  8.  At  Long  Ditton,  Surrey,  aged  62,  Wil- 
liam Alves,  esq. 

Suddenly,  aged  65,  Samuel  Jowitt  Birehall,  esq. 
of  Leeds. 

Emily-Louisa,  wife  of  the  Rer.  George  Crabbe, 
Rector  of  Merton,  Norfolk. 

At  Harwich,  aged  73,  Mrs.  Sarah  Deane,  relict 
of  Henry  Deane,  esq.  formerly  of  Harwich,  and 
mother  of  H.  G.  Deane,  esq.  solicitor,  Colchester. 

At  Reading,  Berks,  aged  58,  Henry  Stenhens 
Dyer,  esq.  Paymaster  R.N.  (1813),  formerly  Secre- 
tary to  the  late  Vice-Adni.  Sir  Charles  Penrose, 
Admiral  Sir  Edward  Codrlngton,  &c. 

At  Lewes,  aged  76,  Mr.  Samuel  Flint,  formerly 
a  banker  and  merchant  of  that  town. 

At  boutliampton,  Frances,  wife  of  James  Grore, 
esq.  of  tlie  Royal  Bucks  Militia,  and  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Thomas  Bulley,  esq.  of  Shaldon,  Devon. 

At  Southampton,  aged  60,  Frances,  wife  of  Lieut. 
Grove. 

At  her  brother's  residence,  Syndlesham,  Berks, 
aged  80,  Sarah  Harman,  of  Reading. 

At  Howdon  Pans,  aged  94,  Mrs  Barbara  Hen- 
derson. 

Aged  74.  John  KnUl,  esq.  of  Elliott-lodge,  Black- 
heatti,  and  Fresh-wharf,  London  Bridge. 

At  Dorchester,  aged  91,  Catherine,  widow  of 
John  Callard  Manfleld,  esq.  of  that  place,  attomey- 
at-law,  and  eldest  surviving  sister  of  the  late 
Adm.  Shr  Thos.  Masterman  Hardy,  Bart.Oovemor 
of  Greenwich  Hospital.    She  was  married  in  1787. 

At  Hastings,  aged  31,  Emily-Davis,  wife  of  James 
Mure,  esq.  of  Gloncester-pl.  Portman-sq. 

At  Dover,  aged  21,  Arthur-Henry,  youngest  son 
of  William  Sankey,  esq. 

At  Rosebery  Cottage,  Dolston,  aged  65,  Hr. 
Timothy  Green  Smith,  upwards  of  30  years  pariah 
clerk  of  St.  Benet's  and  St.  Peter's  Paul's-wharf. 

In  Bristol,  aged  58,  R.  George  Shum  Tuckefct, 
esq.  registrar  of  the  Bankruptcy  (^urt,  and  fiir- 
raerly  of  Honiton. 

At  the  Rectory,  South  Wamborough,  Hants, 
Catherine,  widow  of  the  Roy.  Thos.  Abton  Warren. 

Jan.  9.  In  Stoke  Ncwington-road,  aged  69, 
John  Barrell,  esq. 

At  Sand  Ilutton,  near  York,  aged  70,  Colonel 
Michael  Childors,  C.B.  late  of  the  llth  Dragoons, 
which  regiment  he  entered  as  Comet  in  1799.  He 
served  in  the  Peninsula,  was  appointed  ilLajcr  (d 
Brigade  in  1814,  and  was  present  at  Waterloo. 

In  Devonsliire-st.  Portland-pl.  Jane,  wifle  of 
Alfred  Elmore,  esq.  A.R.A. 

At  Thorverton,  aged  59,  Henry  Gerrls,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  Louisa,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Hall,  CMi.  of  Portslade,  Sussex. 

At  Wistaston,  near  Nantwich,  aged  74,  Penelope, 
\%idow  of  James  Watthell  Hammond,  esq.  of  Wis- 
taston Hall. 

Aged  44,  John-Thos.  youngest  son  of  the  late  J. 
G.  Jeffery,  esq.  of  Fox  Pitts,  raiding,  Kent. 

In  Seymour-pl.  Euston-sq.  aged  29,  Jane,  wifb 
of  J.  T.  Kentish,  esq.  and  youngest  dau.  of  Henry 
Groombridge,  esq. 

At  the  house  of  her  son-in-law,  Hampttead, 
Dorothy,  relict  of  S.  Parkes,  esq.  of  Birmingham. 

At  Dalston,  Elizabeth  Sowell,  niece  of  Chris- 
topher Watson,  esq.  and  tliird  dau.  of  the  late  Rer. 
James  Sewell,  Vicar  of  Biddulph,  Staffordshire. 

At  Holgate-terrace,  York,  a^ed  63,  ElizabeUi, 
widow  of  Henry  Taft,  M  J).  Wesleyan  minister. 

At  Brighton,  aged  69,  Thomas  WilUam  Thomp- 
son, esq.  late  of  Halesworth,  Suffolk,  for  many 
years  a  resident  at  Sonthwold,  and  a  magistMte  of 
that  borough. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


381 


In  St.  Paal's-sq.  York,  aged  80,  Jane,  widow  of 
Thos.  Tnton,  esq.  of  Farnham  and  Knaresboroagh. 

At  Lincoln,  aged  65,  Mary,  sister  of  Commander 
John  Wilson,  R.N. 

At  Peckham-rye,  aged  77,  William,  second  sur- 

S"rlng  son  of  the  late  John  Woodbridge,  esq.  of 
imberwell-green. 

Jan.  10.  Wliilst  on  a  visit  at  the  residence  of 
T.  L.  Gery,  esq.  Daventry,  Miss  Jane  Batlin,  sister 
to  the  late  G.  Batlin,  esq.  surgeon,  of  Braunston, 
formerly  of  Daventry. 

At  Calais,  Lerapster  Bulkeley,  esq.  Capt.  unat- 
tached, late  of  U  M.  40th  Kegt.  and  youngest  son 
of  the  late  Col.  Bulkeley,  of  Huntley  Hall,  Staff. 

Frances,  wife  of  G.  P.  Edwards,  esq.  and  eldest 
dan.  of  the  late  Thos.  Pink,  esq.  of  Brighton. 

At  Sodbnry,  aged  77,  Jemima,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
John  Gilpin. 

At  Dover,  aged  75,  Thomas  Green,  esq. 

At  Winchester,  Mary-Anne,  youngest  dau.  <if 
the  late  Capt.  Gilbert  Hcathcote,  R.N. 

At  Newark-upon-Trent,  aged  82,  Anne,  widow 
of  John  Huddlestone,  es<i.  and  only  surviving  child 
of  the  lat«  James  Crcswick,  esq.  of  the  Ponds, 
Sheffield,  and  Brightsidc,  Yorkshire. 

At  Leamington,  Laura,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  J.  H.  Hunt,  Vicar  of  Weodon  Beck,  Nor- 
thamp. 

In  London,  aged  21,  Oclavius,  son  of  Richard 
Lloyd,  esq. 

At  Great  Bentley,  eo.  Essex,  aged  100,  Mr.  Jas. 
London.  He  had,  to  the  last,  a  beautiful  head  of 
hair,  of  raven  blackness,  with  scarcely  a  tinge 
of  gray. 

Aged  82,  Samuel  Piatt,  esq.  of  Keppel-st. 
Ruasell-sq. 

At  Ventnor,  aged  58,  George  Robertson,  ei>q.  of 
Limehouse,  London. 

At  Brailsford  rectory,  a^ed  55,  Maria  Shirley, 
widow  of  the  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man.  She  was 
the  dau.  of  William  Waddington,  esq.  was  married 
to  the  Rev.  Walter  Aug.  Shirley  (afterwards 
Bisliop)  in  1827,  and  left  his  widow  in  1847,  hav- 
ing issue  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

At  Keppel  House,  Fulhara-road,  Dorothy-Mar- 
garet, relict  of  Charles  Shakcshaft,  esq. 

At  Ditchett,  in  the  parish  of  Rose  Ash,  Devon, 
John  Ayre  Thomas,  esq.  leaving  a  widow  with 
three  children. 

Jan.  11.  At  Lisbon,  aged  70,  William  Shclton 
Burnett,  esq. 

At  Cherry  Burton,  aged  66,  David  Burton,  esq. 

At  Ketteringham  Park,  Norfolk,  Catherine,  in- 
fant dau.  of  tlie  Rev.  Willijim  Hay  Gumey,  of 
North  Runcton. 

Aged  53,  John  Harvey,  esq.  of  Tickmond  House, 
Horsley,  Gloucester. 

Aged  77,  Harriet,  wife  of  John  Litchfield,  e.sri. 
formerly  of  Keppel-st.  llussell-sq. 

At  Onslow-sq.  Brompton,  aged  59,  Susan,  wife 
of  Major-Gen.  Macdonald,  Royal  Artillery. 

At  Camden-town,  Mary-Palmer,  relict  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Moore,  of  H.M.  14th  Foot. 

In  Upper  Belgrave-place,  aged  62,  Michael 
Rowed,  esq. 

At  Marihall.s,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts,  William 
Sturgeon  Sims,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  W. 
K.  Sims,  Rector  of  We.st  Bergholt,  Essex. 

At  Margate,  aged  73,  Ann,  wife  of  John  Slater, 
esq. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  81,  William  Stuart,  esq.  su- 
perintendent engineer  of  the  Plymouth  Break- 
water. He  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and  it  was  at 
the  suggestion  of  iiis  friend  and  countryman  the 
late  John  Rennie  timt  lie  was  appointed,  on  tlie 
3d  Dec.  1811,  to  tlie  IMjnnouth  Breakwater,  with 
which  he  was  connected  from  its  commencement 
to  the  period  of  his  decease.  HLs  remains  were 
interred  in  his  family  vault  in  the  New  Cemetery, 
Plymouth. 

'i'he  relict  of  Hercules  Tailyour,  esq.  of  Holden 
Hall,  Forfar. 

At  Walton -on-Tharaes,  aged  88,  Joanna,  relict 
of  Col.  John  Taylor,  H.E.I.C.S. 


At  Newcastle,  aged  74,  Mary-Sadler,  dan.  of  the 
late  John  Todd,  esq.  Tofts,  near  Haydon-bridge. 

At  Hastings,  aged  57,  Lieut.  Thomas  Pryor 
Wheeler,  R.N.  He  entered  tlio  service  1809, 
passed  his  exammation  1816,  and  obtained  his 
commission  1826. 

Jan.  12.  In  Cork-st.  Burlington-gardens,  aged 
60,  Charles  Finlay  Alder,  esq.  of  Arnoldvilld,  co. 
Dublin,  and  late  of  Lincoln's-inn,  barrister-at-law. 

Aged  82,  Harriot-Elizabeth,  rehct  of  Henry 
Berry,  esq.  of  Golden-sq. 

At  Nottlng-hill,  Rt^nald  Cliarles  Jones,  second 
son  of  Robert  Oliver  Jones,  esq.  of  Fonmon  Castle. 

At  Tumham-green,  Middlesex,  Franvoise  Phi- 
lipine  Henriettc  Lochmann,  dau.  of  the  late  C.  G. 
Lochmann,  esq.  Royal  MilitaryCoUege,  Sandhurst. 

At  Lucan  House,  co.  Dublin,  aged  87,  Emily, 
relict  of  Col.  Vcsey. 

Aged  80,  John  Warren,  esq.  of  Exeter,  solicitor. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  78,  John  Gregory  Welch, 
esq.  late  of  Arlc  House,  a  magistrate  of  the  county 
of  Gloucester. 

At  Green  Hill,  Radipole,  aged  74,  George  Wels- 
ford,  esq. 

Jan.  13.  At  Compstall,  Cheshire,  aged  74, 
George  Andrew,  esq. 

Aged  81,  James  Allen  Bull,  esq.  of  Great  Oak- 
ley Hall. 

At  Kensington-gardens- terrace,  aged  26,  Isa- 
bella, the  wire  of  Col.  Cannon. 

At  Lindfleld,  aged  83,  Thomas  Compton,  esq. 

At  Hillmgdon  House,  Uxbridgc,  Cliarlotte,  wife 
of  R.  H.  Cox,  esq. 

At  Clapham-rise,  aged  83,  Ann,  reUct  of  Alex- 
ander Davidson,  esq.  of  Calcutta. 

At  Grove-hill,  Falmouth,  aged  75,  Agatha, 
widow  of  George  Hillhouse,  esq.  and  sister  to 
Charles  Barclay,  esq.  Bury  Hill,  Dorking. 

At  Hampton,  Madeline,  wife  of  George  F.  Hoff- 
man, esq.  eldest  dau.  of  Henry  Curling,  esq.  of 
Londesborough  House,  Bayswater. 

In  Grosvenor-pl.  aged  70,  Jean,  widow  of  Thos. 
Hughan,esq.  31. P. 

At  Ravenswortli,  near  Richmond,  Margaret, 
widow  of  Thomas  Lax,  esq. 

Aged  52,  Edward- Warren,  third  surviving  son 
of  William  Nias,  esq.  of  Bath. 

At  Stamshaw,  aged  71,  Sarah  Sophia  Fowler- 
relict  of  Thomas  Wade  Phik,  esq.  of  H.  M.  Cus, 
toms,  Portsmouth. 

Aged  84,  Martin  Prior,  esq.  Upper  Charlotte-st. 
Fitzroy-square. 

At  Clifton,  aged  74,  Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Shep- 
pard,  of  Clifton-hill,  esq. 

Aged  78,  Lieut.-Col.  George  Woodroffe,  of  Poylo 
park,  Surrey,  and  Nash  Court,  Kent,  late  of  H.M.'s 
7tli  Regt.  of  Dragoons,  and  of  the  H.E.I.C.S. 

Jan.  14.  Suddenly,  at  the  residence  of  Mr. 
Pickering,  Ansty,  Yorkshire,  aged  56,  Jane,  relict 
of  Joseph  Bassford,  esq. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Anthony  George  Wright 
Biddulph,  esq.  of  Burton  Park,  Sussex.  He  was 
the  eldest  son  of  Anthony  Wright,  esq.  by 
Lucy  his  wife,  daughter  of  Edmund  Plowden, 
es<i.  and  grandson  of  Anthony  Wright,  esq.  of 
Wealdside,  Essex,  by  Anne,  daughter  and  co-heir 
of  John  Biddulph,  esq.  of  Biddidph  and  Burton, 
through  whose  mother  Anne,  daughter  and  heir 
of  Sir  Henry  Goring,  Bart.,  of  Burton,  Mr. 
Biddulph  was  a  co-heir  of  the  barony  of  Camoys. 
He  succeeded  to  the  Biddulph  estate  on  the  death 
of  his  kinsman  John  Biddulph,  esq.  of  Biddcdph, 
in  1835,  and  assumed  in  consequence  the  addi- 
tional surname  and  arms  of  Biddulph.  He  mar- 
ried in  1827  Catharine-Dorothy,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  S.  T.  Scrope,  esq.  of  Danby,  by  whom  he 
leaves,  besides  daughters,  one  son,  Anthony-John. 

At  Plaistow-lodge,  Bromley,  Kent,  aged  28, 
Wm.  Dundas  Boyd,  esq.  14th  Light  Dragoons. 

At  Roebnck  House,  near  Dublin,  aged  72, 
Thomas  Boyse,  esq.  of  Bannow.  co.  Wexford.  He 
was  the  eldest  son  of  Samuel  Boyse,  esq.  of  Ban- 
now,  by  Dorothy,  dau.  of  Robert  Shapland  Carew, 
esq.  of  Castteboroosb,  in  the  same  county.    He 


832 


Obituary. 


[March, 


was  at  all  times  a  Arm  advocate  of  liberal  opinions, 
and  an  intimate  friend  of  Thomas  Moore,  wliose 
visit  to  Bannow  is  described  as  an  interesting 
event  in  his  life. 

In  Monnt-st.  Orosvenor-sq.  aged  75,  Mrs.  Alice 
Brown. 

At  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law  F.  H.  Mar- 
shall, esq.  of  Moulton,  aged  72,  John  Bryan, 
esq.  R.N. 

At  Leamington,  aged  64,  Richard  Hare  Groker, 
esq.  Lient.-Col.  in  the  18th  Regiment  of  Hussars, 
second  son  of  the  late  Edward  Croker,  esq.  of  Bal- 
lingarde,  co.  Limerick. 

At  Thetford,  Mr.  Ellison,  the  barometer  and 
mathematicfli  instrument  maker  of  Norwich,  who 
sustained  serious  injuries  in  a  collision  on  the 
Eastern  Counties  Ri^way,  and  was  the  sixth  suf- 
ferer whose  death  has  ensued  firom  this  unfor- 
tunate occurrence. 

Frances  Diana  Holland,  for  63  years  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Richard  Holland,  Vicar  of  Spreyton,  Devon. 

At  Exeter,  aged  74,  Samuel  Klngdon,  esq.  for 
many  years  a  magistrate  of  Essex.  He  was  the 
flrst  mayor  elect^  under  the  Municipal  Reform 
Bill  in  1836,  and  filled  various  other  important 
public  ofBces.  Tlie  champion  of  truth,  he  was 
fearless  and  undaunted  in  exposing  faults  where 
he  believed  them  to  exist,  truly  liberal  and  bene- 
volent to  the  poor,  and  a  large  contributor  to 
every  charity  and  institution  for  the  benefit  of  the 
city.  His  funeral  took  place  at  St.  David's,  and 
was  attended  by  many  of  his  brother  magistrates 
and  gentlemen  of  the  city,  and  several  hundred 
persons  were  present. 

At  Brighton,  Eliza,  wife  of  John  Henry  Macbu, 
esq.  of  Lower  Tnlse  Hill. 

At  Marseilles,  Charles  Rodney  Morgan,  esq. 
M.P.  for  Brecon,  son  and  heir  apparent  of  Sir 
Charles  Morgan  Robinson  Morgan,  Bart,  of  Trede- 

§ir  Park.  He  was  bom  at  Rup«rra  House,  co. 
lamorgan,  Dec.  2, 1828  ;  was  educated  at  Eton  ; 
entered  the  Coldstream  Guards  in  1847,  and  was 
returned  for  Brecon  at  the  last  election  by  a  ma- 
jority of  159  to  122  in  a  contest  with  Col.  Lloyd 
Watkins  (who  is  now  elected  to  succeed  him). 
Mr.  Morgan  was  unmarried.  His  next  brother, 
Orodflr^-^harles,  was  bom  in  1830. 

Aged  76,  William  Shadbolt,  esq.  one  of  the  Jus- 
tices of  the  peace  for  Surrey. 

At  Gaitsgill,near  Carlisle,  aged  102,  Mrs.  Doro- 
thy Simpson,  more  fiimiliarly  known  to  the  pre- 
sent generation  as  **  Old  Dolly."  She  was  a  native 
of  the  neighbourhood  of  Brampton,  but  for  the 
last  fourscore  years  of  her  life  had  resided  at 
Gaitsgill,  in  the  parish  of  Dalston,  commonly 
with  one  of  her  numerous  family  of  ten  sons, 
eight  of  whom  survive  their  venerable  parent. 
She  had  ever  been  a  woman  of  a  robust  and  hardy 
constitution  and  of  remarkably  active  habits,  and 
she  retained  the  possession  of  all  her  faculties 
almost  unlmpiiired  till  the  latest  period  of  her 
existence. 

At  Lewisham,  aged  64,  Henry  Sparrow,  esq. 

At  Nice,  aged  38,  the  Hon.  WUlUm  Hamilton 
btuart,  barrister-at-law,  fourth  and  youngest  son 
uf  the  Earl  of  Castiestuart. 

Jan.  16.  At  Bath,  aged  81,  John  Armstrong,  esq. 

At  Norwich,  at  an  advanced  age,  Catherine, 
widow  of  J.  Arthy,  esq.  dau.  of  the  Kev.  W.  Scott, 
many  years  Rector  of  Diss. 

In  London,  aged  37,  Ralph  Brandling,  esq. 
^econd  son  of  the  late  i\.  AV.  Brandling,  esq.  of 
Low  Gosforth,  Northumb. 

At  Exeter,  Kora-Louisa,  relict  of  John  King- 
don,  esq. 

At  Beckington,  aged  93,  Mrs.  Frances  Mitcliell, 
late  of  Blandford  Forum,  Dorset. 

At  York,  Mary,  wife  of  Thos.  Swale,  esq.  second 
dan.  of  Mr.  Harrison,  of  Clementhorpe. 

At  her  son-in -law's,  in  Donghty-st.  aged  76, 
Arabella,  relict  of  3faJor  Thomas  Walsh. 

Jan.  16.    At  Brompton,  aged  73.  Dan.  Ball,  esq. 

Afed  66,  Thomas  Bamei,  esq.  of  Upper  ?ark-pl. 

At  BlaokheAth,  Eleanor-Mary,  jronogMt  dau,  of 


the  late  Rev.  J.  F.  Browne  Bohun,  of  Westfaall, 
Suffolk. 

Aged  43,  John  James  Calley,  esq.  late  13th 
Royal  Lancers,  of  Burderop-park,  Wilts.  He  was 
the  only  surviving  child  of  the  late  Thomas  Galley, 
esq.  M.P.  for  Cricklade,  by  Elizabeth-Anne,  only 
dau.  of  Anthony  James  Keck,  esq.  of  Stoughton 
Grange,  co.  Leic.  and  succeeded  his  fiitherln  1836. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  84,  Mr.  William  Carpenter, 
formerly  a  master  printer  In  Fetter-lane,  London. 
He  was  the  oldest  person  on  the  Court  of  Assist- 
ants of  the  Company  of  Stationers,  having  been 
elected  a  liveryman  in  1792,  called  on  the  Court  In 
1836,  and  served  the  office  of  Master  In  1846. 
Mr.  Carpenter  was  a  quiet,  inoffensive,  and  amiable 
man.  and  retired  into  Devonshire  a  fbw  years  since. 

At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Mrs.  Clarke,  only  dan. 
of  the  late  J.  Crown,  esq.  of  Stoke. 

In  Chesterfleld-st.  aged  80,  JamM  Cocks,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  Sophia-EUza-Catherlne,  widow  of 
the  Rev.  John  Courtney,  Rector  of  Sanderstead, 
Surrey. 

At  Bean  S^our,  Guernsey,  aged  80,  Applegarth- 
Budd,  relict  of  Harry  Dobr^,  esq. 

At  the  Old  Palace,  Croydon,  aged  75,  Miss  Ann 
Greene,  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  William  Greene,  of 
Thundercliffe  Grange,  Ecclesfleld,  Yorkshire,  and 
aunt  of  Mrs.  Aaron  Penley,  of  Croydon. 

Aged  27,  Elizabeth- Clementina -Carmichaal, 
wife  of  Phlnehas  Fowke  Hussey,  esq.  Wyrl^* 
grove,  Staffordshire, 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  76,  Thomas  M*Cheane, 
esq.  late  of  Waterford,  Ireland. 

At  Twickenham,  aged  92,  Thomas  Moxon,  esq. 

At  Streatham  Common,  Mary-Ann,  dau.  of 
Mr.  Alderman  Muggeridge. 

Jan.  17.  at  Bnm,  Montgomeryshire,  G.  R« 
Wythen  Baxter,  esq.  author  of  tiie  Book  of  the 
Bastiles,  &c. 

Esther-Frances,  wife  of  Leonard  S.  Coxe,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  69,  William  Cummin,  M.D. 

At  Exeter,  aged  49,  Sarah,  relict  of  Samuel 
Cnsack,  esq.  M.D.,  F.R.C.S.I. 

In  Bernors-st.  aged  63,  Henry  Esdalle,  esq. 

At  Oakley  House,  Alpha-road,  Carollne-Grac« 
Fisher,  youngest  surviving  dau.  of  John  Flaher, 
esq.  formerly  of  Malshanger  House,  Hants. 

At  Torrlngton,  aged  63,  Ellzabetii,  Vkife  of  Lieut. 
J.  II.  Kerr,  llthFoot. 

At  Kensington,  Cornelia,  wife  of  Elijah  Litch- 
field, of  Chancery-lane,  solicitor. 

At  Sydenham,  aged  78,  Mary,  widow  of  John 
Lyall,  esq.  of  Dilham,  Norfolk. 

At  Walton,  aged  8,  Henry,  jroungest  son  of  the 
late  Sir  John  Mordaunt,  Bart. 

At  Paris,  aged  63,  Charlotte-Maria  Neave,  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Neave,  Bart. 

At  Camelford,  aged  69,  Robert  Pearce,  esq. 

At  Bonchurch,  f.W.  aged  24,  Thomas  Edmonds 
Rutier,  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Rutter,  esq.  of 
Upper  Clapton. 

Aged  37,  the  wife  of  J.  B.  Soldi,  esq.  of  Lower 
Kennington-lane,  Newington  Butts. 

At  Southport,  aged  76,  Charles  Tumor,  esq.  of 
Liverpool. 

At  Stroud,  Cilouc.  aged  67,  William  John  Wood, 
esq.  only  son  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Wood,  Mcar 
of  Heme. 

Jan.  18.  At  Brighton,  aged  19,  Douglas-Charlai, 
second  surviving  son  of  fhe  late  Rev.  Robert  An- 
derson, and  nephew  to  Ix)rd  Teignmonth. 

In  Gloucestvr-pl.  New-road,  aged  70,  Iflss  Ann 
M.  Burgoyne. 

Aged  82,  (ieorge  Devey,  esq.  of  Camden-terr«c«, 
Camden-town. 

Aged  36,  Samuel  Turner  Fearon,  M.D.  of  Hod? 
desdon,  Herts,  late  Proflsssor  of  Chinese  Uteratare, 
King's  College,  London. 

At  Malta,  nrom  a  severe  contudon  in  the  head, 
occasioned  by  the  accidental  (kUing  of  a  Uodk. 
while  in  the  execution  of  his  duty  on  boaiq 
11. M.S.  Agamemnon,  William  David  Locb^Uavt. 
U.N..  eldest  surviving  soi\  of  Re«r*Adm. 
Erskine  Looh. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


333 


Jane  -  Eliza  •  Francu,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  B. 
^laughan. 

At  Fcwbury  House,  Wilts,  Aurea-Otway,  young- 
est dau.  of  Capt.  H.  O.  Blayne. 

At  the  residence  of  tier  son-in-law  J.  B.  Friend, 
esq.  of  StLHsex-sq.  Hyde-park,  aged  60,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Richard  Hotham  Pigeon,  esq.  late  Trea- 
surer of  Christ's  Hospital. 

Aged  29,  Oeorge,  eldest  son  of  G.  W.  K.  Potter, 
esq.  Secondary  of  London. 

In  Pcntonville,  aged  76,  William  Prior,  esq. 

At  Thuruscoe,  Yorkshire,  aged  60,  Mary,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Wood  Simpson. 

In  Hunter-st.  aged  65,  Robert  Smith,  esq.  Su- 
perintending President  of  London  District  Post. 

Selina-Caroline,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  W. 
Tireman,  Rector  of  Bowers  Gilford,  Essex. 

At  Maidstone,  Harriet,  widow  of  John  Warwick, 
esq.  alderman  and  magistrate  of  that  borough. 

At  Corsham,  aged  26,  Louisa,  only  dau.  of  Wm. 
Weaver,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  81,  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
the  Rev.  Peter  Wright,  Rector  of  Marks  Tey,  Essex. 

Aged  71,  Margaret,  wife  of  Joseph  Brooks 
Yates,  esq.  of  West  Dingle,  near  Liverpool. 

Jan.  19.  At  Thurlaston,  Leic.  aged  S3,  Anne- 
Mary,  wile  of  the  Rev.  O.  E.  Bruxner,  Rector. 

At  Barnstaple,  aged  77,  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
John  Gribble,  esq. 

Aged  82,  tlie  Princess  dowager  Kohary,  great- 
grandmotlier  of  the  King  of  Portugal,  widow  of 
Francis-Joseph  Prince  Kohary  in- Hungary. 

At  Phoenix-green,  near  Winchfield,  WiUiam 
Pain,  esq.  late  of  Mitchelderer,  Hants. 

At  Breckenborough,  near  Thirsk,  Jane-Mar- 
garet, dau.  of  William  Rntson,  esq.  of  Newby 
Wiske,  Yorkshire. 

David  Wilson,  esq.  late  of  St.  John's-wood,  and 
Brighton. 

Jan.  20.  At  ParkUani,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  J. 
Caddy,  esq.  of  Bowden. 

At  Bath,  aged  87,  Miss  E.  Frances  Caldwell,  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  James  Caldwell,  Bart,  and  Count 
of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire,  of  Castle  Caldwell, 
CO.  Fermanagh. 

At  Hastings,  Angelica,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  John  Marten  Cripps,  esq.  of  Novington,  Sus- 
sex, and  grandau.  of  the  late  Sir  William  Beau- 
maris Rush,  of  Wimbledon  House,  Surrey. 

At  Telgnraouth,  aged  82,  Lawrence  Uwynne, 
esq.  LL.D.  Magistrate  and  Deputy-Lieut,  of  Mid- 
dlesex. 

Aged  7H,  John  Hawkins,  esq.  of  ByeUinds, 
Herts. 

At  Evershot,  William  Jennings,  esq. 

.\t  the  Deanery,  Chester-le-Street,  Dorothy, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Francis  Johnson,  esq.  of 

*  Aged  98,  John  Rann,  gent,  of  Uall-st.  Dudley, 
brother  to  the  late  Reverend  Joseph  Rann,  M.A. 
formerly  Vicar  of  Trinity  Church,  Coventry. 

At  Cheltenham,  afjed  86,  Jane,  widow  of  Wil- 
liam Richards,  esq.  of  Clatford,  Hants. 

At  Lynton,  Xorth  Devon,  aged  76,  Mury,  widow 
of  William  Ay»hford  Sanford,  esq.  of  Nynehead- 
court,  Somerst^t.  Slie  was  (laughter  of  the  Re>'. 
Edward  Marshall  of  Breage,  co.  Cornwall;  and 
had  issue  an  only  son,  the  present  Edw.  Ayshfonl 
Sanford,  esq.  formerly  M.I*,  for  West  Somerset. 

Jan.  21.  At  Loughton,  Essex,  aged  28,  Mai-ia, 
»lau.  of  Sir  (ieorge  Carroll,  alderman  of  London. 

Drowned,  in  the  wreck  of  the  sliip  Tayleur, 
(recorded  in  our  la.st  Magazine,  p.  181,)  aged  28, 
Pattiwn,  only  son  of  Stoddart  Drysdale,  esq.  of 
Itichmond,  Surrey;  and,  age.l  58.  Arthur-St. 
George,  fourth  son  of  tlio  late  Lieut. -Colonel 
L'Estrange,  of  Moystown,  King's  County. 

At  Walsall,  nged  25,  Mary-lane,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  Francis  Newbolt. 

.\t  Newcastle,  agetl  6fi,  John  Steaven.«on  Paget, 
e«i.  surgeon. 

At  Nicolsnymett,  Xorth  Tawton,  Devon,  aged  37, 
James  Scott,  esq. 

Jan,  32,    At  Hover,  tbe  S«r.  J       i  Cooke» 


Wedeyan  Minifter,  late  superintendent  of  the 
Dorer  circuit,  and  flnancial  secretary  of  the 
Kent  district.  He  had  been  a  Weeleyan  minister 
for  thirty-two  years,  but  had  for  some  weeks  re- 
linquished his  ministerial  duties  in  consequence 
of  disagreement  with  the  leading  party  in  the 
Conference. 

At  Byram  Farm,  near  Ferrybridge,  aged  73, 
Benjamin  Croshaw,  esq. 

At  Bodmin,  aged  72,  Joseph  Hamley,  esq.  for 
many  years  coroner  for  East  Cornwall. 

At  Ampthill,  Martha-Sophia,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  William  Hajrwood,  esq. 

Aged  55,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Kelly,  late  of  Broad - 
stairs,  widow  of  John  David  Kelly,  esq.  solicitor, 
of  Drnry«lane. 

At  Hannbigton  rectory,  Hants,  EUza-Treacher, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  A.  J.  W.  Morrison ;  and  on  the 
11th  inst.  their  infant,  Evelyn,  14  days  old. 

At  Twickenham,  aged  82,  Mary,  widow  of  John 
Bamsden,  esq. 

At  Dartford,  aged  88,  Thomas  Smith,  esq. 

At  Dorking,  Surrey,  Sarah,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
John  Whltehonse. 

At  Cowley  Vale,  St.  Helen's,  Elizabeth-Anne, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Barnes,  esq.  of  the 
Inner  Temple. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  37,  three  we6ks  after  his 
arrival  from  India,  Edw.  Bate,eeq.  Lieut.  7th  N.l. 

At  Newcastle-upon-l^e,  Francis  Winter  Bui- 
man,  esq.  fourth  son  of  the  late  Job  Bnlmao,  of 
Cox  Lodge,  Northumberland,  eaq. 

At  Devonport,  aged  61,  UNlUiam  O.  Byers,  eaq. 
proprietor  of  the  Deronport  Independent  news- 
paper. 

At  Llandaff,  aged  59,  Miss  Sarah  CoiBn. 

At  Chippendiam,  Mrs.  Colbome,  wife  of  Mr. 
William  Colbome,  and  mother  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Col- 
bome. 

At  Bath,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Colebrooke,  widow  of  Lieut. 
J.  Ulric  Colebrooke,  of  the  Madras  Army. 

At  Southampton,  aged  67,  Warren  Hastlnga 
Leslie  Frith,  Col.  Bengal  ArtlUery. 

Aged  67,  Diana,  wife  of  John  Hartry,  esq.  of 
Acre-lane,  Brixton,  and  St.  Marthn's-lane. 

At  Stepney,  aged  58.  Mr.  Daniel  John  Hayes, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Hayes.  His  widow  is 
the  niece  of  the  late  James  Harmer,  esq.  of  Ingress 
Pu-k,  Kent. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  27,  Caroline-Julia,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Arthur  A.  Lewis,  Curate  of  St  Peter's, 
Plymouth,  and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Jus- 
tice Taunton. 

At  Gateshead,  aged  57,  Catherine,  widow  of 
Thomas  Swinburne,  esq. 

At  Kenshigton  gravel-plts,  aged  57,  James 
Philip  Webster,  esq.  of  Little  Brick-hill. 

At  Hursley,  suddenly  firom  apoplexy,  on  his  re- 
turn from  hunting,  aged  63,  Joseph  White,  esq.  of 
Ampfield. 

Jan.  24.  At  Woodford,  aged  27,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  Abel  Chapman,  esq.  She  was  tiie  dau.  of  John 
Gnmey  Fry,  esq.  of  Warley  Lodge,  Essex,  and 
granddau.  of  the  celebrated  Mrs.  Fry.  She  was 
married  in  1846 ;  and  has  left  four  daughters. 

In  Wellington-road,  St.  John's  Wood,  aged  71. 
Solomon  Cohen,  esq. 

At  Ponton  Lodge,  near  Andover,aged  62,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  William  Cubltt,  esq.  M.P.  She  was 
the  2d  dau.  of  William  Scarlett,  esq.  of  Norfolk, 
and  was  married  in  1814. 

At  Beverley,  aged  81,  Mary- Anne,  widow  of 
Ueut.-Col.  Ditmas. 

At  St.  John's  Wood,>aged  58,  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton Earle,  esq.  Roy.  Art.  late  of  St.  Katherine's- 
court.  Somerset. 

In  Oxford-sq.  Hyde-park,  aged  26,  MatUda,  wife 
of  James  H.  Enthoven,  esq. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law  Captain  Neil 
Cook,  Southampton,  aged  77,  Charlotte,  widow  of 
Lieut.  John  Lamb,  of  Cottlngham,  near  Hall. 

At  Brighton,  Catherine,  dan.  of  the  late  Rer. 
Thomas  AMUis,  LL.D.;  Rector  of  St.  George's, 
Ploomibury. 


334 


Obituary. 


[March, 


Jan.  25.  At  Ck)lnbrook,  Bucks,  ag64  86,  Krt. 
Elizabeth  Barrow. 

At  Torquay,  aged  26,  Barbara,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Thos.  Stnbbs  Bedford,  esq.  of  Edgbaston. 

At  Paris,  aged  32,  John,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Greenwood,  Rector  of  Colne  Engaine,  Essex. 

At  Clifton,  aged  24,  Theodora-Harriet,  eldest 
dau.  of  William  Hewitt,  esq.  of  Bradbuir,  Wilt^. 

At  Thame,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  the  Rev.  T.  T. 
Lee,  M.A.  Head  Master  of  the  Grammar  Scliool, 
and  Vicar  of  Thame. 

At  Wantage,  aged  18,  U.  G.  Lunsden,  eldest  son 
of  J.  G.  Lunsden,  esq.  of  the  Bombay  Civil  Service. 

At  Prestwich,  aged  69,  Vernon  Royle,  esq.  a 
Justice  of  the  peace  for  Lancashire. 

At  Earlswood  House,  Ueigate^nged  71,  Sarah, 
wife  of  Andrew  Stirton,  esq. 

George  Henry  Taylor,  esq.  of  Nichola.s-lanc, 
Lombard-st.  solicitor. 

At  the  rectory,  Husband's  Bosworth,  Leiu.  aged 
40,  Mary-Henrietta,  relict  of  llcv.  R.  W.  Kendall 
W^ood,  and  second  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
Fisher,  Rector  of  Wavendon,  Bucks. 

Jan.  26.  Aged  69,  Rt.  Hevan,  esq.  of  Rougham 
Rookery,  and  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  banker. 

At  Brixton,  aged  83,  Mary,  relict  of  Joseph  Den- 
man,  M.D.  of  Buxtou,  and  Stoney  Middleton, 
Derbyshire,  the  uncle  of  Lord  Denman. 

At  King's  Langley,  aged  29,  Esther,  wife  of 
John  Lake,  esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  82,  Aimc,  widow  of  Wm. 
Mure,  esq.  of  Caldwell.  She  was  the  oldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  James  Hunter  Blair,  of  Dunskoy, 
CO.  Wigtown,  the  first  Bart,  by  Jane,  dau.  and 
heir  of  John  Blair,  esq.  of  Dunskey;  she  was 
married  in  1791,  and  left  a  widow  in  1831,  having 
had  issue  a  very  numerous  family,  of  whom  the 
eldest  is  the  present  William  Mure,  esq.  of  Cald- 
well, author  of  the  History  of  the  Literature  and 
Language  of  Greece,  and  tlie  eldest  dau.  was 
married  to  Lieut.-Gen.  the  Hon.  Sir  Charles  Col- 
Tille,  G.C.B.  and  was  mother  of  the  present  Lord 
Colville  and  the  Viscountess  Newry  and  Mome. 

At  Modbury,  William  Nicbolls,  esq. 

At  Islington,  aged  78,  Thomas  Ovington,  esq.  of 
Glasgow,  and  formerly  of  Cheapsidc. 

At  Hastings,  George  Robinson,  c-sq.  solicitor, 
Ute  of  Wellingborough. 

Aged  49,  Richard  houthby,  esq.  Chievoly,  Berks. 

Aged  72,  William  Walker,  esq.  of  LincolnVinn- 
fields. 

At  her  brother's,  Liverpool,  aged  34,  Matilda- 
Augusta,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Jeremiah  Woods, 
esq.  of  Poplar  House,  Swilland,  Ipswich. 

Jan.  27.  In  Montagu-pl.  Portman-sq.  Anne, 
wife  of  Rear-Adm.  Digby,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Josias  Jackson,  of  Southampton. 

At  Swinton  Field  House,  near  Malton,  aged  62, 
John  Fewster,  esq. 

At  Lymington,  Caroline-Horentla,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Goodchild,  esq.  of  the 
Stock  Exchange. 

At  the  Rectory,  East  Lavant,  near  Chichester, 
aged  15,  Honora- Anne-Charlotte,  only  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  Henry  Legge. 

At  York,  aged  27,  Eustice-Maria,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Leonard  Metcalfe,  esq.  of  Keighley. 

At  Gloucester-terrace,  Hyde  Park,  Alexander- 
David,  the  youngest  son  of  Charles  W.  Morice,  esq. 

At  Binstead-cottagc,  near  Ryde,  aged  76,  Hcnr)' 
Metcalfe  Wardle,  esq.  formerly  for  many  years 
resident  at  Uighfield,  Southampton. 

At  Sandwich-»t.  I3urt9n-ore8cent,  Capt.  John 
Holt  White,  Ute  of  tiie  10th  H.E.I.C.  Cavalry. 

At  Park  House,  Selby,  aged  22,  5Iary-Emma, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Matthias  Whitehead,  esq. 

At  tlie  Charter-house,  London,  aged  63,  Capt. 
Norman  Wightwick,  formerly  of  the  49th  Rcgt. 

At  Cheltenham,  Mrs.  Foster,  an  aged  lady, 
burnt  to  death  by  falling  into  the  fire. 

Jan.  28.  At  Leamington,  aged  30,  T.  W. 
Belles,  caa. 

At  Gapei  Cross  Green,  aged  84,  John  Brooke, 
esq. 


At  the  Charterhouse,  Richard  Gonldamith,  eaq. 
M.A.  barrister-at-Iaw,  and  formerly  commiaBloner 
of  bankrupts  for  Bolton-le-Moor.  He  was  of 
Trinity  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1802,  M.A.  1808,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  May  6, 1806. 

Aged  54,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  T.  F.  Uargrare, 
esq.  of  South  Lodge,  Highgate. 

Sarah,  widow  of  John  Littlewood,  esq.  late  of 
Wood-street,  and  Bamsbury  Villas,  Islington. 

At  Northampton-park,  Canonbury,  aged  65, 
Brough  George  ^klaltby,  esq. 

At  Birkenhead,  aged  74,  John  St.  George,  esq. 
formerly  Capt.  of  the  80th  Regt.  and  late  Lieut.- 
Col.  of  the  Salop  Militia. 

At  Kingston,  aged  76,  Isabella,  fourth  dau.  of 
the  late  Edward  Stewart,  esq. 

Jan.  29.  At  SitUngbourne,  Thomas  Alexander, 
esq.  late  of  H.M.  Ordnance,  Port  Louis,  Isle  of 
France. 

At  Plymouth,  ngcd  47,  James  Carter,  esq.  of 
Dclabole,  for  many  years  manager  of  the  Delabole 
slate  quarries. 

At  Shermanbury  Park,  Sussex,  aged  70,  Bar- 
bara, wife  of  Stephen  Hasler  Challen,  esq.  dan. 
and  heir  of  Wm.  Chambers,  esq.  of  Seaford. 

At  Folkestone,  aged  86,  Ann,  relict  of  Thomas 
Farley,  esq. 

At  Hazeleigh  Cottage,  Essex,  aged  71,  Blary, 
relict  of  R.  Going,  esq. 

In  Fiusbury-square  aged  37,  Jane,  wife  of  C.  II. 
Oliver,  esq. 

At  Sudbury,  aged  64,  Mr.  Abraham  Stevens 
Syer.    He  served  the  office  of  mayor  in  1834. 

In  Paris,  Charlotte-Sarah,  widow  of  John  Rit- 
chie, esq.  of  Aberdeen,  sole  surviving  dau.  of 
William  Makepeace  Thackeray,  esq.  of  Hadley, 
Middlesex. 

At  Cambridge-terrace,  aged  66,  Col.  Henry  Wal- 
pole,  late  of  the  Madras  Army.  He  was  a  son  of 
the  Hon.  Robert  Walpole,  Envoy  to  Portugal, 
youngest  brother  of  the  first  Earl  of  Orford  of  the 
second  creation,  by  bis  second  wife  Sophia, 
daughter  of  Ricliard  Stert,  osu.  He  married  in 
1834  Elizabeth-Carpenter,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Lieut.-Col.  Clement  F.  Smith,  of  the  Madras  army, 
and  had  issue  a  son  and  a  daughter. 

At  Pembridge  Villas,  West  bourne-grove,  aged 
78,  Carolina,  wife  of  William  Wybrow,  esq. 

Jan.  30.    At  Sydeuham-hill,  Theresa,  wife  of 
.Vlexander  Beattie,  esq.  and  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Edw.  Gfifflth  Colpoys,  K.C.B. 
At  Devonport,  Margaret- Paton,  wirc  of  Francis 
W.  Cole,  esq.  Paymaster  R.N. 

At  Cairnbank,  co.  Forfar,  aged  38,  John  Hull 
Fell,  esq.  of  Belmont,  Uxbridge.  Middx. ;  and 
Fc6.  (3,  Elizabeth,  his  widow.  Their  only  son, 
Richard,  died  five  days  before  his  father. 
At  Kilmarnock,  aged  79,  William  Finnie,  esq. 
At  Lee,  Kent,  aged  2.'>,  (ieordiana-Charlotte, 
only  dau.  of  Chamberlain  Hinchlin,  esq. 

At  Nursted-housc,  near  Petersfleld,  aged  71, 
James  John  Ilugonin,  esq.  formerly  Lieut.-CoI. 
4th  Light  Dragoons. 

At  Neufchatel,  at  her  motlier's,  Madame  do 
Montmolhi-Meuron,  aged  43,  Sophie,  the  wife  of 
Ills  Excellency  Charles  J.  La  Trobe,  Lleut.-Gor. 
of  the  colony  of  Victoria. 

Florence,  dau.  of  Isaac  Moses,  esq.  Gloucester- 
sq.  Hyde  Park. 

Jan.  31.  Edmund,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Lieut.-Col.  Allen,  of  Inchmartlnc,  Perthshire. 

At  Windsor,  aged  85,  Maria,  widow  of  George 
Barnard,  esq. 

At  Marlborough,  Wilts,  aged  78,  Miss  Pliilip- 
I'ina  Brewer. 

At  the  residence  of  his  father  Msjor  Brock,  of 
Colchester,  aged  40,  George  William  John  Brock, 
esq.  late  of  Toronto,  Upper  Canada. 

At  Exeter,  aged  63,  Cluirles  Brutton,  esq.  Soli- 
eitor  to  the  Corporation  of  the  Poor,  a  Member  of 
the  ToH-n  Council,  and  a  Commissioner  of  Im- 
provement. He  filled  the  office  of  Chief  Ma^btrate 
in  1845,  and  last  year  was  appointed  a  Jnstice  of 
the  Peace.    In  1838,  in  the  sbTieralty  of  Sir  John 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


835 


Rogers,  Bart,  be  was  appointed  Under  Sheriff,  and 
be  has  since  filled  the  same  honourable  office  for 
eight  other  sheriffs  of  the  county. 

At  York,  aged  75,  George  Lambart  Clifford,  esq. 
He  wart  the  youngest  son  of  the  Hon.  Thomas 
Clifford,  of  Tixall,  Staffordshire  (4th  son  of  the 
3rd  Lord  Clifford)  by  Barbara,  youngest  dau.  and 
co-heir  of  James  5th  Lord  Aston,  of  Forfar,  by 
Lady  Barbara  Talbot,  dau.  of  George  14th  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury.  He  married  in  1812  Mary,  dau.  of 
Walter  Hill  Coyney,  esq.  of  Weston  Coyney,  co. 
Stafford,  and  had  issue  a  sou,  Charles,  born  in 
1813. 

At  riapham  Common,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Compigne. 

At  Limehouae,  aged  38,  Edwin  Melville  Dol- 
man, esq.  a  surgeon  in  extensive  practice.  He 
precipitated  himself  firora  the  second-story  window 
of  his  residence  during  a  tit  of  insanity  arising 
from  fever. 

Aged  67,  Ai"chibald  Dyer,' esq.  son  of  the  Tate 
Thomas  Dyer,  esq.  of  tlie  Treasury,  and  brother 
of  Sir  Thomas  Swinnerton  Dyer,  Bart. 

At  Dover,  aged  60,  Lieut.  Henry  Paget  Jones, 
R.N.  (1814)  commanding  U.M.S.  Violet. 

At  Knowbury  parsonage,  near  Ludlow,  .Tane, 
relict  of  Ballard  Jaques  Nembhard,  esq.  and  for- 
merly the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Lloyd  Jones,  Phis 
Madoc,  Denbighshire. 

In  the  Close,  Norwich,  aged  81»,  Hobert  Plump- 
tre,  esq. 

In  Hunter-st.  Brunswick-.sq.  aged  39,  Peter 
Raven,  esq.  surgeon,  Litcham,  Norfolk. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  78,  Harriet,  widow  of  Major 
P.  H.  Koper,  4th  Kegt. 

At  York,  aged  92,  Michael  Walker,  esq. 

LaMij.  At  Edinburgh,  Mrs.  Candlish,  formerly 
Miss  Jean  Smith,  the  last  of  the  six  "  belles  of 
Mauchline,"  to  whom  the  verses  of  Bums  have 
given  celebrity.    The  husband  of  Jean  Smith  was 


Kr.  Candlish,  a  medical  man ;  and  her  son  is  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Candlish,  of  Edinburgh. 

At  Dublin,  a  Jew  named  Cohen,  who  followed 
the  trade  of  a  pencil-maker,  and  had  been  resi- 
dent In  that  city  for  time  out  of  mind.  Altiiongh 
living,  to  outward  appearance,  in  a  state  of  wretch- 
edness, he  was  known  to  be  possessed  of  wealth, 
and  it  is  believed  that  the  sum  will  prove  to  be 
not  under,  if  not  above,  00,000/.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  some  trilling  annuities  to  two  poor  relatives 
in  England,  and  another  of  100/.  a  year  to  the 
Jewish  congregation  in  Dublin,  the  whole  of  the 
property  is  demised  to  the  Hebrew  charitable  in- 
stitutions of  London.  A  brother  of  Baron  Roth- 
schild is  the  executor  of  the  will. 

At  Brooklyn,  New  York,  aged  87,  Mr.  General 
Cunningham,  many  years  proprietor  of  the  Chd- 
tenham  Chronicle,  and  one  of  the  original  pro- 
prietors of  the  Bath  and  Cheltenliam  Gazette.  He 
served  his  apprenticeship  on  Trewman's  Exeter 
Flying  Post. 

At  Paris,,  aged  93,  M.  Pierre  Didot,  son  of  Am- 
broise  Didot,  and  brotlier  of  Firmin  Didot.  The 
funeral  of  this  senior  of  the  French  press  took 
place  at  the  cemetery  of  Mont  Pamasse. 

At  Amport,  Andover,  aged  89,  Mrs.  Anne  Routli, 
la.st  surviving  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Peter  Routh,  50 
yeai*s  Rector  of  South  Elmham,  Suffolk,  and  sister 
of  the  President  of  Magdalene  college,  Oxford. 

At  an  advanced  age,  in  Paris,  the  last  surviving 
child  of  the  last  Doge  of  Venice.  Nearly  her  last 
words  were  "  Pauvre  Venise,  Je  ne  te  verraiplus." 

Feb.  1.  At  Loudoun-road,  St.  John's  Wood, 
aged  75,  Thomas  Blake,  esq.  formerly  of  Planta- 
tion "  Vive  la  Force  "  and  Georgetown, Demerara, 
British  Guiana. 

Aged  G4,  Mr.  George  Bracher,  of  Copthall- 
buildings  and  Lower-road,  Islington,  formerly  of 
Odstock. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON 

• 

{From 

the  Returns  issued 

by  the  Registrar-General,) 

1 
1 

Deaths  Registered 

j 

1 

• 

bo's 

coding 

irth 
Bter 

Week 

1 

i 

1 

Saturday, 

Under 

15  to  1  GO  and     Age  not 

Total.  1     Males 

.  i  Female^. 

«•§> 

28  . 

!    15. 

60.   1 
368 

upwards,  specified. 

1 

^ 

Jan. 

520 

2G4 

20 

1172 

569 

<       603 

1655 

Feb. 

4   . 

556' 

374          253 

15       I  1198 

616 

582 

1655 

M 

11    . 

579 

352          238 

9       \  1178 

593 

585 

1797 

»> 

18  . 

588 

339          227 

— - 

1154           575 

579 

1539 

1 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CO 

RN,  Feb.  17. 

Wheat. 

L 

•arley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

8. 

d. 

s.    d. 

*.    d. 

8.     .(/. 

a.    d. 

8.    d. 

82 

4 

41     3 

27     4 

48 

2 

47  10 

50    3 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Feb.  20. 
Sussex  Pockets,  U/.  9*.  to  11/.  8».— -Kent  Pockets,  11/.  0«.  to  17/.  0*. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMlTHFIELD,  Feb.  20. 

Hay,  3/.  15*.  to  5/.  5*.— Straw,  1/.  12«.  to  2/.  2#.— Clover,  4/.  10«.  to  6/.  0*. 

SMlTHFIELD,  Feb.  20.     To  sink  the  OflFal— per  stone  of  81bs. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Feb.  20. 


Beef 3*. 

Mutton 3*. 

Veal is. 

Pork 3*. 


6r/.  to  As.  lOJ. 
0(/.  to  5*.  Or/. 
2d.  to  bs.  Ad. 
Od.  to  As.  10c/. 


Beasts 3,710    Calves 

Sheep  and  Lambs   20,810    Pigs 


28 
220 


COAL  MARKET,  Fbb.  17. 
Walls  Ends,  &c.  2U.  Od.  to  2b$.  6J.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  2U.  Od.  to  25#.  6</. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.^Town  Tallow,  $3f .  3<f.     Tellbw  RuBsUi,  631.  Sd, 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CAKY,  Strand. 
JVon  Jaimarif  S6,  lo  Ftbinarj/  E5,  1854^,  both  ineluHv». 
Fabretilieit'i  Therm.  i  Fahrenheit'!  Therm. 

Wnalher,     Ls"^    o  I    5     s^      ■     I      Weather. 


j>i 


"Sj 

II 

KB 

SI 

!i 

Jan. 

as 

IS  1 

«■ 

38 

28 

48  ; 

M9 

43 

30 

49  1 

31 

4a 

F.I 

48 

■i 

31 

3i 

4 

H 

J 

40 

6 

50 

7 

50 

8 

38 

36 

■A      »Z 


'■  Pi*  . 


■|Peb.  I 


.  34     41      ai  .30,  ij 


.w 

48      .  41  ■do. 

.w 

ar  30,83™iu 

,lfi 

JO   30,  13,  cloudy 

54 

18 

,os 

5t 

4a 

,03 

4t 

36 

.  17 

34 

35 

,29  ' 

43 

44 

29,  fl3  ' 

45 

58 

.te; 

56 

58 

:«,  00, 

M 

41 

,0J 

40 

30 

,  16 

U 
4'i 

30 
30 

.  13 

,-i3 

.7   dloudj.fur    I  18 

fOBST  ,    I  P 

"-.cldr.ralnil  20 

n.  cloudy  I   '" 


31 


36     30 


n.pts.j 

*>,  23  I  cloady 

,  17  ,  do.  fur 

,  53  'do.  do. 
,  54  <do.  do. 


47 
:laady,  fair    ' 
DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


37  29,  £ 

35     40     40  ,9Si!do.  fair 

37     50     41  ,57  I  do.dD.(Dir.TD. 

33     40     34  .  54  'laoir,  tu.  fair 

42     59  I  45  ,91  Ifair,  cloudy 

40     47     40  ,  eS  Icldy.  bir,  rn. 

48     46  30,  24  'do.  do.  do. 

40      38  ,36  "fair,  rain 

37    do.  cldy.  rain 


22  '  43 

23  '  43 

24  '  43     48 

25  45     51 


ii 

1 

11  lill 

El.  Billa 

jglOOO. 

28  217 

OIJ    ~9i~ 

92g , par.4pm 

9 

12  pm 

30  215 

91J       90J 

92*   bi  , 

9 

12  pm 

3l21(i 

91 

901 

92     5|   100} 230   par.4pm 

9 

13  pm 

1216J 

91i       301 

32] 1151232     1    5pm 

10 

13  pm 

2,215 

91 

,     90* 
9U 

92f 115   6  pm. 

92!   H 8   2pin 

10 

14  pm. 

3215 

91 

11 

15  pm. 

93 

92| 

9H   5*   , -"I""' 

3  pm. 

6!217  i 

a:i 

■      92J 

9*i    51 a.il  , 

931'  5|    101    232    

13 

16  pm. 

7;216), 

92 

9ii 

14 

20  pm. 

8,2161' 

92 

saf 

aaj' — ' — — —  10  pm. 

20 

HP"' 

9 ■ 

SS 

93f 1 10  pm. 

17 

20  pm. 

loi i 

saj 

H  ,si  ! ■ (ipm. 

17 

20  pm. 

U;217  , 

92 

91J 

931 115   230   

17 

20  p.. 

13216  . 

92 

92 

93J -_-_    10pm. 

17 

20  pm. 

14217  ' 

92 

921 

fl/   S| 1 — 

17 

20  pm. 

IS 

91 

92f 

931 101    232     710pm. 

IT 

21  fm. 

1621S 

ffi 

gij 

93f 115   235     711pm. 

gaj 11  pm, 

IH 

21pm. 

17  218 

92 

22 

IBpm. 

18 

92 

,     91* 

93f ■ 2311    7Ilpm. 

22 

19  pm. 

20 

91 

.    ^H 

93     5} ■ 8  pm. 

22 

19  pm. 

21218 

91 

i     91 

92i   5J   .115   236     7  11pm. 

la 

22  U- 

22218 

91 

i     91* 

1     911 

93     5f   lOU ' 

18 

21pm. 

23| 

92 

931-L__!j ■333    

18 

21pm. 

J.J 

ARNULL,  Stock  aud  Share  Broker, 

3,  Coptball  Chamber),  Angel  Court, 

Throgmorto 

D  street,  Urn 

THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

APRIL,  1854. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— The  New  Amiens  saint— Manor-house  at  Packlecharch— Anti- 
quities found  at  Caistor— Ale-yards— Saint  Sitha  and  Saint  Ositha,  &c.  &c 338 

Weiss's  History  of  the  Protestant  Refugees  of  France • 339 

The  Positive  Philosophy  of  Auguste  Comte* 346 

Traito  of  the  Czars •  351 

Pilgrimage  to  High  Places — Einsiedlen  in  Switzerland  ..•.•..•••.••.••• 358 

Moore  and  the  Right  Honourable  John  Wilson  Croker 365 

The  Table  of  Precedency 371  ^ 

The  Septoagint  of  the  Moscow  Bible  Society,  and  the  Septuagint  published  by 

Messrs.  Bagster • • 374 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— The  Oxford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint— 
Ancient  Wedding  Ceremonies— The  Lord  Mayor's  Pageant  of  1684— Norden,  the  Topo- 
grapher—Emendation  of  a  Passage  inCoriolanns 378 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Proposed  Reform  of  the  University  of  Oxford— Foundation  of  a 
Latin  Professorship  at  Oxford— Public  Libraries  and  Museums — Literary  and  Philoeophical 
Society  of  Newcastle — Library  of  the  Northampton  Architectural  Society — Geological 
Museum  at  the  London  University  College — Zoological  Society — ^Anniversaries  of  tiie 
Palffiontographical,  Statistical,  and  London  Medical  Societies — Printers'  Pension  Society — 
The  Thornton  Schools— University  of  Aberdeen— Christ's  Hospital— The  Palace  of  West- 
minster— ^The  New  Crystal  Palace — Manufactures  of  tlie  United  States  of  America— Pro- 
posed Memorial  to  Archbishop  Leighton— Map  of  London  in  the  Olden  Time — Fictitious 
Views  of  the  Fortifications  of  London— Forged  Antiquities— Darling's  Clerical  Library — 
Letter  of  Oliver  Cromwell  and  RoyiU  Autograplis 386 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Dr.  Johnston's  Botany  of  the  Eastern 
Borders,  392  ;  O'Brien's  Residence  in  the  Danubian  Principalities.  394 ;  Farlni's  Roman 
States  from  181.5  to  1850,  Lorenzo  Benoni,  Castellamonte,  and  Cousin's  Fragments 
Litteraires,  396;  The  Wiltshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Magazine— Guixot's 
Representative  Government— Mantell's  Geological  Excursions  round  the  Isle  of  Wight,  398  ; 
Novels  and  Tales  by  Gothe— Lyra  Auatrali*— Band  of  Hope  Review,  399  ;  The  Field  and  the 
Fold 400 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  400 ;  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, 403;  British  Archaeological  Association,  403;  Numismatic  SocieW— 
Cambridge  Antiquarian  Society,  404 ;  Killcenny  and  South-east  of  Ireland  Archaaological 
Society— Palestine  ArchsBological  Association— Excavations  at  Nineveh,  405 ;  Antiquities 
at  Rome  406 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.- Foreign  News,  407  ;  Domestic  Occurrences   409 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  411 ;  Births  and  Marriage.t   413 

OBITUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  The  Marquess  of  Londonderry ;  Viscount  Nctterville ;  Bishop  of 
Salisbury;  Vice- Admiral  Hon.  George  Poulctt;  Hon.  James  Hope  Wallace;  Shr  John 
Strachan,  Bart. ;  Sir  Thomas  Pilkington,  Bart. ;  Sir  Henry  Peyton,  Bart. ;  Sir  Ralph 
Lopes,  Bart. ;  Capt.  Sir  Everard  Home,  Bart. ;  Sir  William  Baillie,  Bart. ;  Sir  John 
Conroy,  Bart. ;  Sir  Henry  Miers  Elliot,  K.C.B. ;  Sir  James  Thomson,  K.C.B. ;  Iter. 
Richard  Jenkyns,  D.D. ;  Rev.  J.  L.  Richards,  D.D. ;  Rev.  W.  P.  Oreswell ;  Rev.  W.  H. 
Dixon,  M.A.,  F.S.A. ;  Robert  Alexander,  Esq. ;  Col.  Joliffe ;  John  Fardell,  Esq.  F.S.A. ; 
Nathaniel  Hindhaugh,  Esq. ;  Henry  Belcher,  Esq. ;  Thomas  Saunders,  Esq, ;  Mr.  John 
Martin;  M.  Blanqui 415—436 

Cleiot  Deceased 486 

Deatbs,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order   488 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  In  the  Metropolis— Markets,  447;  Meteorological 

DUry-DaUy  Price  of  Stocks 448 


By   SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


338 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Me.  UftBAN, — May  I  add  one  addi- 
tional testimony  against  the  Amiens  Nati' 
vity,  so  ably  discussed  in  your  last  number, 
viz.,  that  Nat.  cannot  stand  for  Nat  a, 
because  in  the  sepulchral  style  an  abbre- 
viation is  never  made  merely  for  the  sake 
of  saving  a  single  vowel  (final).  Can 
the  Archiepiscopal  Dissenting  Minister  of 
Westminster  produce  a  single  instance  ? 

C.  De  la  Pryme. 

Me.  Urban, — The  notice  in  your  last 
(p.  226)  of  **  the  ancient  mansion  at 
Fucklechurch  **  recalls  a  time  when  I 
▼isited  it,  now  nearly  thirty  years  since. 
My  PenoiUingA  on  the  Way,  in  my  Ezcur- 
tion  Book  of  1826,  sketch  a  description 
that  may  be  interesting  now.  **  Passing 
down  a  road  that  leads  to  the  coal-pits,  an 
old  manor-house  strikes  the  eye,  with 
qoaintxlookiog  square  stone  windows 
b<ddly  mullioned,  and  a  roof  embattled  in 
•harp  pointed  angles.  As  I  entered  a 
little  hiclosure  before  the  door,  two  an- 
tique urns  or  jags  flanked  the  porch;  they 
are  now  used  for  geraniums,  and  the  bouse 
for  a  school.  Mr.  Archer,  the  principal, 
•bowed  me  within  several  carious  old 
mantel-pieces  and  cornices  to  match, 
obimney-casings  beautifully  embellished 
with  heraldic  carvings,  as  well  as  old 
medallions  and  inscriptions  illuistrative  of 
the  family  of  Dennis,  who  once  occupied 
this  hoase,  while  the  Ridleys  were  settled 
in  one  immediately  adjacent.  Coming 
out,  I  observed  an  inscription  over  the 
porch,  which  stated  the  erection  to  have 
been  in  1642.  Mr.  Wilson,  Mr.  Archer's 
assistant,  then  led  me  to  the  garden,  and 
directed  my  attention  to  the  traces  which, 
after  the  lapse  of  centuries,  define  the 
moat  which  once  encircled  that  palace  of 
the  Saxon  kings,  where  Edmund  was  as- 
sassinated by  an  putlawed  robber.  With- 
in the  ambit  of  this  moat  is  a  small  mount 
or  pile,  supposed  to  have  been  connected 
with  the  old  structure.  Thence  through 
Shotwood  to  Mangotsfield.'*  .  .  . 

Yours,  &c.        John  Dalton. 

Our  old  friend,  Mr.  Goddard  John- 
son, of  Norwich,  informs  us  that  few  dis- 
coveries have  been  recently  made  at 
Caistor  (the  Venta  Icenorem),  except  a 
few  Small  Brass  coins  of  a  very  common 
type,  and  those  generally  in  a  very  cor- 
roded state ;  but  that  about  three  weeks 
since  a  labourer  on  the  farm  picked  up  a 
dmuurius  of  Augustus  (the  earliest  coin 
that  has  come  under  his  notice  found 
there),  of  a  rather  rare  type : — 

Obverse.  Head  of  Augustus;  beneath 
it,  IMF .  X. 

Reverse.    A    bull   butting;    beneath, 

AVOVSTVS.PIVI  .  F. 

The  reverse  is  given  in  King,  Tsb.  xiv. 
No. 


Mr.  Goddard  Johnson  has  also  received, 
from  the  same  place,  partof  a  stone,  having 
a  hole  through  it,  countersunk.  These 
stones  (of  which  he  has  had  several)  are 
generally  rather  kidney-shaped,  weighing 
ft-om  3  to  16  ounces.  For  what  purpose  they 
were  used  is  not  with  any  certainty  known, 
but  it  is  conjectured  that  they  were  ham- 
mers. From  the  shape  of  the  hole  they 
cannot  be  fastened  on  a  shaft,  but  possibly 
a  thong  was  passed  through  the  hole,  and 
then  fastened  round  the  wrist,  and  when 
in  close  contact  with  an  enemy  were 
thrown  at  them,  immediately  recovered, 
and  repeated.  Mr.  Jolinson  does  not 
recollect  their  being  noticed  in  any  archse- 
logical  work,  but  begs  us  to  direct  Uie  at* 
tention  of  antiquaries  to  the  subject. 

Mr.  Urban, — I  have  long  had  in  my 
possession  an  Ale-Yard,  such  as  that 
described  in  your  November  Magazine. 
It  is  a  glass  tube,  blown  into  a  bulb  at  one 
end,  and  a  trumpet-mouth  at  the  other. 
It  is  less  than  a  yard  in  length,  and  oon» 
tains  an  imperial  pint.  If  ale  wer$  Mold 
by  the  yardt  it  must  have  been  by  aid  of  a 
different  instrument;  since  this  is  very 
thin,  and,  by  its  shape,  exposed  to  evtty 
hazard.  I  have  always  considered  it  as  a 
bacchanalian  puzzle,  by  which  the  drink- 
ing a  pint  of  ale  at  one  draught,  no  difflcult 
labour  in  itself,  becomes,  from  the  shape, 
a  task  for  even  a  Dutch  Hercules. 
Souih  Cave,  Yorkshire^  Feb.  17.    Daus. 

D.  H.  H.  inquires  whether  the  dedica- 
tion of  the  Chnrch,  which  formeriy  existed 
in  London,  was  to  Saint  Osith  or  Saint 
Sithe.  The  many  pictures  which  formerly 
existed  in  English  churches  of  S.  Sitha, 
were  of  a  different  saint  to  Saint  Osltha. 

S.  sends  us  an  impression  from  a  seal- 
ring,  which  is  of  gola,  set  with  a  cornelian, 
on  which  the  following  coat  of  arms  is 
engraved :  on  a  pale,  between  two  pallets, 
three  spread-eagles.  This  b  a  singular 
and  ingeniously  contrived  coat ;  but  we  do 
not  find  it  in  Glover's  Ordinary. 

A  Correspondent  at  Dover  informs  us 
that  the  old  mansion  in  that  town,  whieh 
was  engraved  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine for  May  1849,  and  more  folly  da- 
scribed  in  July  following,  was  palled  down 
last  year. 

Errata.  Jan.  p.  65.  The  gloves  ex- 
hibited at  the  Society  of  Antiqnaries  were 
found  at  Wellington,  not  at  Worcester. 

Feb.  p.  183,  2nd  column,  line  14,  for 
r.  Valpy  read  J.  M.  Valpy ;  line  16,  for 
C,  Vernon  read  C,  J,  Vernon. 

March,  p.  254,  coL  2,  for  «  The  trans- 
positions of  Jeremiah  were  not  rectified,'' 
read  **  It  arranged  the  dislocations  of 
Jeremiah  according  to  the  Hebrew  stand- 
ard." P.  S58,  hT  Sacra  di  Ptqfimk, 
read  Saen  Prqfimu. 


THE 


GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  PROTESTANT  REFUGEES  OF  FRANCE, 

Histoire  des  R^fiigieg  Protestants  de  France  depnis  la  Revocation  de  I'Edit  de  Nantes, 
jusqu^k  nos  jours.     Par  Charles  Weiss.     Paris,  1853.     2  tomes  I2mo. 


THE  promulgation  of  the  Edict  of 
Kantes  by  Henry  the  Fourth,  in  1598, 
was  one  of  the  most  important  acts  in 
civil  and  religious  history.    Thence- 
forth the  association  of  reason  and  faith 
in  religion  was  justified,  and  they  were 
permitted  to  go  forth  with  joy,  the 
harbingers  of  moral  and  intellectual 
progress.    But  a  policy  so  little  in 
accordance  with  the  social  condition 
of  the  age,  could  not  fail  to  excite  the 
clamour  of  all  the  men  of  extreme 
party  views.    The  old  Leaguers,  the 
Catholics  "k  gros  grains" — doubted 
the  sincerity  of  Henry's  conversion, 
and  the  Protestants  were  hardly  less 
suspicious.    Duplessis  Mornay  quitted 
the  court.     Some  days  after  tne  at- 
tempt made  upon  the  King's  life  by 
Jean  Chatel,  Henry  received  Theodore 
Agrippa  d'Aubigne,  and  showed  him 
his  lip  pierced  by  the  dagger  of  the 
assassm.    "  Sire,"  replied  the  old  Hu- 
guenot, ^*  hitherto  you  have  renounced 


God  only  with  your  lips,  and  God  l^atb 
been  content  to  pierce  your  lips  alone; 
but  renounce  him  with  vour  heart,  and 
in  your  heart  yon  will  be  stricken. 
What  is  this  edict,  said  the  Leaguersi 
but  a  law  which  grants  a  legal  exiat* 
ence  to  heretics,  to  men  excommuni- 
cated, given  over  to  the  civil  power  in 
this  world,  and  to  eternal  punishments 
in  the  future?  The  Huguenots  re- 
torted by  appeals  aa;ainst  an  apostacy 
which  maintained  a  false  religion.  Thej 
recalled  the  period  of  the  King^s  earlier 
career;  they  evoked  the  memory  of 
the  days  of  the  siege  of  Rochelle,  tl^ 
disaster  of  Moncontour,  the  victories 
of  Coutras  and  of  Ivry,  when  they 
rushed  to  the  battle  where  they  saw 
the  white  plume  shine,  sinking,  as  with 
one  voice,  the  hjmns  of  Marot,  or  rer 
turned  from  victory  while  the  load 
note  of  thanksgiving  pealed  forth  fhmi 
amid  their  bannered  hosts, — 


For  our  God  hath  crushed  the  tyrant,  our  God  hath  raised  the  slave, 
And  mocked  the  counsel  of  the  wise,  and  the  valour  of  the  brave. 
Then  glory  to  his  Holy  Name,  from  whom  all  glories  are ! 
And  glory  to  our  Sovereign  Lord,  King  Henry  of  Navarre. 


The  clergy  feared  from  the  edict  the 
diminution  of  their  revenues — the  par- 
liament considered  it  to  be  an  inn*ac- 
tion  of  their  rights — by  the  mass  of  the 
people  it  was  received  as  the  mark  of 
victory,  or  the  brand  of  shame,  accord- 
ing to  the  parties  with  which  they  were 
alued.  Time  moderated  these  views. 
The  King  won  over  the  chiefs  of  the 
Catholics,  and  controlled  those  of  the 
Protestants;  and,  although  there  was 


occasional  discontent,  peace  was  pre- 
served during  the  remainder  of^his 
reign.  The  death  of  Henry  the  Fourth 
renewed  the  bopes  and  tne  hatred  of 
both  parties.  The  Protestants,  hardly 
satisfied  with  the  confirmation  of  the 
edict  by  Mary  de*  Medici,  obtained  a 
permission  to  convoke  their  assembly 
general  at  Chatellerault.  Dissension 
arose  amonjg their  chiefs;  the  insidious 
policy  of  the  Duke  de  Bouillon  was 


340         The  Histoiy  of  the  Protestant  Refugees  of  France.     [April, 


defeated,  and  Duplessis  Morn  ay  drew 
up  the  Act  of  Keconciliation,  which 
was  signed  by  all  the  heads  of  the  party 
at  Saumur.  This  act  established  really 
a  representative  republic  in  the  very 
heart  of  an  absolute  kingdom.  Such 
a  power  necessarily  excited  fear ;  for 
at  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century  the  Protestants  possessed  no 
less  than  816  churches,  divided  into  16 

f)ari8hes,  and  controlled  by  62  col- 
oques,  which  met  quarterly  to  regulate 
their  affairs.  It  was  not  long  before 
each  party  prepared  for  war,  and,  when 
power  passed  from  the  hands  of  Con- 
cini  into  those  of  Albert  de  Luynes, 
the  government  resolved  to  destroy  the 
formidable  political  organisation  which 
had  enabled  the  Protestants  to  brave 
the  royal  authority,  or  to  appear  as 
an  independent  power  in  the  state. 

The  pulpit  resounded  with  discourses 
against  tne  Calvinists.  At  Lyons, 
Moulins,  Dijon,  and  Bruges,  an  mfu- 
riated  multitude  broke  into  their  ceme- 
teries, violated  the  sanctity  of  their 
graves,  destroyed  their  churches,  and 
compelled  their  pastors  to  flee.  They 
appealed  for  justice  to  the  ordinary 
triounals,  and  also  to  the  King,  but  in 
vain.  Bearn  was  declared  united  to 
the  crown ;  the  Catholic  religion  was 
re-established;  and  Louis  the  Thir- 
teenth returned  to  Paris  amid  the 
shouts  of  the  populace.  He  had  hardly 
received  the  felicitations  of  his  coun- 
cillors, when  he  heard  of  the  revolt  of 
the  Bearnesc.  An  assembly-general 
of  the  deputies  of  the  Protestants  was 
summoned  at  Rochelle.  This  was 
illegal.  In  vain  the  Duke  de  Bouillon, 
Sully,  and  Duplessis  sought  to  induce 
them  to  desist  from  their  designs. 
Confident  in  their  strength,  the  assem- 
bly published,  on  the  10th  May,  1621, 
a  declaration,  the  result  of  which  was 
to  constitute  a  Protestant  republic, — 
to  make  Rochelle  the  Amsterdam  of 
France — to  authorise  the  levying  of 
taxes — to  maintain  war  against  the 
crown — and  to  enter  into  treaties  with 
foreign  powers.  The  Protestant  party 
had  miscalculated  their  strength ;  they 
had  trusted  in  Buckingham,  and  for- 
gotten Richelieu.  Rochelle  fell.  The 
Treaty  of  Alais  in  1629  closed  the  wars 
on  account  of  religion,  but  the  Calvin- 
ists had  ceased  to  be  a  political  power. 
Richelieu  guaranteed  them  the  free 
exercise  of  their  worship ;  he  allowed 


also  their  religious  organisation,  and 
their  synods,  but  he  demolished  their 
fortified  cities  of  refuge,  and  conceded 
the  privileges  they  retained,  not  as  in 
former  times — by  a  treaty  as  between 
two  powers — ^but  simply  as  an  act  of 
grace  from  the  sovereign. 

This  act  was  the  inaujfuration  of  a 
new  era.  Deprived  oi  all  political 
influence,  excluded  by  degrees  from 
almost  all  offices  of  the  state,  the  Pro- 
testants devoted  themselves  to  agri- 
culture and  commerce.  They  covered 
the  plains  of  Beam  and  the  West  with 
rich  harvests.  The  vineyards  of  Berri 
restored  prosperity  to  that  district; 
fertile  pastures  enriched  the  mountain 
gorges  of  the  Cevennes.  The  bour- 
geoisie of  the  cities  evinced  a  similar 
industry.  They  revived  old  manufac- 
tures— they  perfected  new.  In  Guienne 
they  had  the  almost  entire  command 
of  the  wine- trade ;  in  the  two  provinces 
of  Brouage  and  Oleron  twelve  families 
possessed  the  monopoly  of  the  sale  of 
wine  and  salt,  which  amounted  yearly 
to  from  twelve  to  fifteen  hundred 
thousand  li  vres.  Caen  became  the  mart 
of  the  cloth  manufacturers  of  Vire,  Fa- 
laise,  and  Argentan.  The  conmiercial 
intercourse  between  France  and  (Jer- 
many  fell  exclusively  into  the  hands  of 
the  Reformers.  Even  Baville  in  1669 
bore  testimony  to  the  commercial  ac- 
tivity of  the  merchants  of  Nismes,  and 
their  industrial  superiority.  To  the  Pro- 
testants France  owed  the  rapid  advance 
of  maritime  commerce,  and  the  pros- 
perity of  the  ports  of  Bordeaux,  Ro- 
chelle, and  Normandy.  They  competed 
in  the  manufacture  of  woollen  cloth 
with  the  merchants  of  England  and 
Holland.  Rheims,  Rhetel,  Sezanne, 
and  Abbeville  were  celebrated  for  their 
factories.  Gold  and  silver  lace,  and 
lace  of  silk  and  thread,  occupied  the 
inhabitants  of  Montmorency  and  Vil- 
liers  le  Bel.  The  hats  of  Caudebec 
found  extensive  sale  among  the  ffallants 
of  England  and  Germany.  All  these, 
with  the  trades  of  silk  and  metal 
buttons,  made  Colbert  say  with  truth, 
that  fashion  was  to  France  what  the 
mines  of  Peru  were  to  Spain.  To  other 
products  of  skilled  industry  must  be 
added  the  paper  manufacture  of  Au« 
vergnc.  Mills  were  established  at  Am- 
bert,  Thiers,  and  Chamali^res.  Among 
these  Ambert  was  especially  reiiiark<* 
able;  its  productions  realiflea  annuall/ 


1854.]     The  Htstori/ of  the  Protestant  Refugees  of  France.  341 


not  less  than  80,000  crowns.  Normandy 
was  the  mart  of  the  linen  trade ;  the 
linen  manufacturers  of  Coutances,  up  to 
1664,  exported  annually  to  the  amount 
of  800,000  livres.  In  Britany,  where  the 
Protestants  were  settled,  at  Rennes, 
Nantes,  and  Vitre,  their  chief  occupation 
was  the  manufacture  of  sail-cloth,  or 
UAles  Noyales^  so  called  from  the  first 
factory  havingbeen  establishedatNoyal, 
and  in  eight  or  ten  of  the  neighbouring 
communes.     Superior  in  importance, 
distinguished  alike  for  taste  and  excel- 
lence of  workmanship,  were  the  silk 
manufactories  of  Lyons.    Even  after 
the  revocation  of    the  edict,   Lyons 
imported  6000  bales  of  silk,  of  which 
3000  were  there  used,  1,500  at  Tours, 
700  at  Paris,  and  the  remainder  in 
smaller  towns.    A  question  has  been 
raised  as  to  the  cause  of  this  superiority 
of  the  Protestant  workmen  over  those 
of  the  Catholics^  we  think  it  may  be  at- 
tributed partly  to  their  exclusion  from 
the  guilds  of  arts  and  trades,  which  left 
them  free  to  act  unfettered  bv  tradi- 
tionary laws  and  usages,  whicn  regu- 
lated the  hours  of  labour,  the  number 
of  workmen,  the  quality  of  the  raw 
material,   and    its    fabrication.    Per- 
mitted to  unite,  and  aware  that  unity 
is  strength,  they  combined  capital  and 
labour;  they  established  large  manu- 
factories ;  fixed  a  scale  of  wages  having 
due  relation  to  prices ;  and  directed  at- 
tention to  new  processes  and  inventions. 
It  has  been  calculated  also,  that,  by 
their  avoidance  of  religious  festivals, 
and  many  conventional  claims  estab- 
lished by  the  customs  of  the  trades,  the 
Protestan  t  worked  310,  and  the  Catholic 
only  260  days.    Other  moral  and  social 
causes  tended  also  to  a  more  active  de- 
velopment of  their  commercial  pursuits. 
To  enlarge  the  sphere  of  intellectual 
action,  to  free  it  from  the  traditions  of 
the  past,  is  the  necessary  tendency  of 
the  reformed  religion.     Appealing  to 
reason  rather  than  to  imagination,  it 
elevates    individual    character,    and, 
deprived  of  the  forms  of  an  impres- 
sive ritual,  it  seeks  strength  in  the 
cultivation  of  loftier  and  purer  spi- 
ritual conceptions  of  the  objects  of 
faith.    Impressed  with  the  value  of 
education   in  its   highest    sense,  the 
Calvinists  founded  the  celebrated  uni- 
versities of  Saumur,  Montauban,  Nimes, 
and  Sedan.    There  the  genius  of  their 
greatest  preachers  was  trained^  and 


there  were  developed  those  powers  of 
mind  which  dignined  Henri  Basnage, 
the  learned  commentator  of  the  Cou- 
tumedeNormandie;  Valentin  Conrart, 
still  recalled  as  the  founder  of  the 
Academy  of  France ;  Pierre  du  Moulin, 
Daill6,  Drelincourt,  Mestrezat,  AUix, 
and  Claude,  who  gave  renown  to  the 
church  of  Charenton.    To  the  nobility 
the  career  of  arms  was  still  open,  and 
it  was  to  the  Huguenot  aristocracy 
France  owed  some  of  those  great  vic- 
tories she  yet  recalls  with  pride.    The 
Comte    de    Gassion,    the    Marechals 
Guebriant,  Rantzau,  Chatillon,    Tu- 
renne,  Schomberg,  and  the  brave  Du- 
quesne,  all  belonged  to  the  reformed 
religion.    But  the  Huguenot  nobility 
gradually  conformed  to  the  Catholic 
Church.    To  this  they  were  induced  by 
many  causes.  The  government  was  re- 
solute upon  excluding  them,  so  far  as 
it  was  possible,  from  all  state  rewards. 
They  were  disgusted  with  the  control 
assumed  by  the  Assemblies,  and  hu- 
miliated, as  the  Baron  des  Adretz  said, 
to  find  the  diseurs  instituted  as  judges 
over  the  faiseurs.    They  would  have 
maintained  their  faith  aeainst  the  se- 
cular arm,  but  they  fell  beneath  the 
intellectual  power  of  Bossuet  and  Ar- 
nauld.    Jurieu,  one  of  their  chief  mi- 
nisters, had  admitted  the  salvability  of 
members  of  both  churches.    Those, 
therefore,  who  thought  with  Henry  the 
Fourth,  ^^  que  les  honneurs  et  les  dig- 
nitcs  valaient  bien  une  messe,**  were 
the  more  readily  converted;  while  those 
who  recoiled  from  the  consequences  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  doctrine  of  the 
loss  of  eternal  life  to  them  who  repu- 
diate her  creed,  resolved  to  act  upon 
the  principle  of  taking  "le  parti  le 
plus  sur,**  and  thus  reconcile  their  tem- 
poral and  eternal  interests.    The  de- 
fection of  the  chiefs  freed  their  fol- 
lowers from  the  consequences  of  their 
political  intrigues.     Satisfied  with  the 
concessions  they   had   obtained,  and 
fully  occupied  with  commerce,  the  Pro- 
testants stood  aloof  from  the  factions 
formed  against  Richelieu  and  Mazarin. 
Their  loyalty  became  proverbial.  When 
during  the  Fronde,  in  replvto  the  **  Qui 
Vlver'  they  were  required  to  cry  "  Vi- 
vent  les  Prmces,"  or  "  Vive  la  Fronde,'* 
they  so  constantiv  shouted  **  Tant  s*en 
faut;  Vive  le  Koi,"  that  the  King's 
adherent  sobtained  the  sobriauet  of 
the  party,  "  Tant  s'en  faut*'    Mazarin 


342  Hie  Histoi'y  of  the  Proteetant  Refktgees  ofFt'ance.     [April, 


bore  constant  testimony  to  their  loyal 
services.  In  1658,  in  reply  to  the  ad- 
dress of  the  delegates  of  their  as- 
semblies, he  assured  them  that  '*  ni  sa 
calotte,  ni  son  caracterc,"  prevented 
his  public  acknowledgement  of  their 
fidelity.  He  did  more,  he  maintained 
the  provisions  of  the  edict,  he  opened 
to  them  an  honourable  career  in  the 
civil  service  of  the  crown.  It  was 
to  the  Calvinists  the  department  of 
finance  was  principally  confided,  and 
both  Fouquet  and  Colbert  defended 
them,  as  men  of  capacity  and  honour. 
Thus,  upon  the  death  of  Mazarin,  the 
Protestant  religion  was  more  than 
tolerated ;  it  was  protected.  The  ele- 
ments of  civil  discord  were  extinct. 
All  parties  renounced  the  struggle  for 
power,  all  sought  the  maintenance  of 
peace  and  of  public  order.  Louis  said 
truly,  "  L'etat  c'est  moi." 

Let  us  now  trace  the  cause  of  the 
misery  which  ensued.  Notwithstanding 
the  loyalty  and  the  political  subjection 
of  the  Huguenots,  they  were  hated  and 
dreaded  as  a  party  in  the  state.  Upon 
this  point  the  Jesuits  and  the  Janscnists 
were  united.  The  clergy  never  ceased 
to  excite  the  populace,  who  detested 
them  for  their  religion, and  envied  them 
for  their  wealth.  But  this  feeling  had 
remained  as  an  inert  force  except  for 
its  accordance  with  the  desires  of  the 
King.  Louis  had  upon  his  assumption 
of  power  adopted  the  traditionary 
policy  of  Richelieu.  He  resolved  to 
exclude  the  Calvinists  from  all  the 
honours  and  even  the  service  of  the 
state.  They  had  been  a  party,  they 
were  a  party,  they  might  revive  again. 
Other  iniluences  supervened,  all  de- 
pendent upon  his  personal  character. 

To  a  handsome  form  Louis  the 
Fourteenth  united  many  excellent  qua- 
lities. His  intellect  was  clear,  his  judg- 
ment sound,  his  views  elevated.  He 
was  generous  with  grace,  and  amiable 
with  dignity.  No  man  was  more  ob- 
servant of  self-respect,  few  men  have 
been  more  studious  to  encourage  it  in 
others.  These  (qualities  unfortunately 
were  marred  by  a  bad  education.  His 
mind  was  nurtured  in  the  pride  of  the 
purple,  hardened  by  adulation  into  the 
most  obdurate  selfishness.  Nothing 
was  intellectual,  great,  or  good — France 
had  no  interests  —  glory  there  was 
none — unless  associated  with  him.  Al- 
ways ftfl^ting  to  be  Buperior  to  opinioo, 


he  was  ever  under  the  influence  of 
others,  and  passed  his  life  the  tool  of 
his  ministers,  of  women,  and  of  priests. 
His  knowledge  was  limited;  he  was 
learned  in  court  history,  studied  poll* 
tical  treaties,  and  displayed  a  jpedantio 
erudition  in  the  laws  of  that  irivoloiu 
ceremonial  which  formed  the  intellec- 
tual solace  and  occupation  of  his  court. 
He  has  been  lauded  as  the  patron  of 
literature:  yet    he    persecuted  Fort 
Iloyal,  of  which  Pascal  was  the  chief; 
caused  the  death  of  Racine,  exiled 
Fenelon,  and  depreciated  La  Fontaine. 
If  he  admired  ^oileau  and  Bossuet, 
and  showed  favour  to  Massillon  and 
Bourdnloue,  it  must  be  remembered 
that  he  was  conscious  of  the  power  of 
the  satirist ;  and  that  in  his  spirit  of 
imperfect  devotion  he  feared  more  than 
he    appreciated    the    doctrines    they 
preached.  To  conclude,  he  was  infirm 
of  purpose,  fluctuating  ever  between 
extremes  of  passion  and  devotion,  oor* 
rupting  his  court  by  his  morals,  and 
refining  it  by  his  manners ;  alwajs 
under  the  influence  of  false  ideas  and 
absurd  prejudices,  and  regardless  of 
human  life,  of  human  happiness,  or  the 
result  to  France  in  the  ^ratification  of 
his  ambition  or  of  his  will.  No  stronger 
proof  can  be  adduced  of  his  habitual 
subjection  to  opinion  than  the  infla- 
ence  exercised  over  him  by  the  trium* 
virate  composed  of  Madame  de  Main* 
tenon,  Louvois,  and  P^re  La  Chaise. 
The  characters  of  these  Ministers  0/ 
State  it  is  necessary  to  comprehendy 
that  we  may  rightly  estimate  all  the 
causes  which  led  ta  the  Revocation. 

To  beauty  and  a  pleasing  figure 
Madame  de  Maintenon  united  man* 
ners  combining  reserve  with  graceful 
ease.  Her  conversation  was  natural 
and  flowing,  witty  and  epigrammatic ; 
drawing  its  resources  but  little  from 
others ;  sustained  by  an  extensive  know- 
ledge of  books,  of  the  world,  and  of 
various  conditions  of  society,  always 
appropriate,  and  expressive  of  cheerful- 
ness and  good  sense.  Her  intellect  waa 
singularly  clear.  Devoid  of  imagination, 
impassive,  and  unimpressive,  her  judg- 
ment was  combined  with  so  great  » 
spirit  of  calculating  prudence  that  it 
assumed  the  character  of  habitual 
selfishness.  No  one  ever  more  delibe* 
rately  considered  the  efiect  of  Imt 
actions  upon  others,  no  one  aoifi  k^ 
Tariably  Kept  her  owaiateceit  iaiiiir* 


1854.]     the  Hiitoiy  of  the  Proteetant  Rejkgeee  of  France.         348 


For  this  she  was  humble,  for  this  she 
was  proud,  demure,  flattering,  insi- 
nuating, or  complaisant.  Of  love  and 
friendship  she  was  incapable.  Her 
friendship  was  simply  the  association 
of  the  intellect,  her  love  never  rose 
beyond  esteem.  Her  devotion  was 
sincere,  but  devotion  alone  is  not  mo- 
rality ;  she  was  anxious  to  be  worthy 
of  heaven  and  yet  to  possess  the  world. 
This  struggle  may  possibly  have  caused 
that  inconsequence  of  action  with 
which  she  has  been  reproached.  She 
was  the  friend  of  Ninon  dc  TEnclos, 
of  Madame  de  Montchevreuil,  and 
Madame  de  Fommereuil,  three  of  the 
most  abandoned  women  of  her  day. 
She  did  not  hesitate  to  be  {he  "  cover- 
slut*'  of  the  king*s  adulterous  inter- 
course, or  to  weaken  the  affection  of 
Louis  for  Madame  de  Montespan,  to 
whom  she  owed  her  position,  her  re- 
sidence in  France,  her  bread.  No  gene- 
rous emotion  ever  induced  her  to  hazard 
her  own  interest  for  another*s  good. 
Racine  died  of  chagrin,  by  her  own  con- 
siderate act ;  she  suffered  the  exile  of 
Fenelon  without  a  word.  Louis  on  his 
death- bed  was  abandoned,  and  her  most 
passionate  expressions  were  those  of  the 
weariness  of  life,  and  the  painful  con- 
trast of  the  pleasures  she  had  known 
in  the  society  of  others  in  comparison 
with  the  ceaseless  misery  of  the  king's. 
What  plea  can  extenuate,  what  reason 
justify,  her  faithlessness  to  the  Marquis 
de  Villette?  In  perfidy,  though  not 
in  effect,  it  recalled  the  sin  of  David 
against  Uriah.  Yet  we  must  not  forget 
her  extensive  charity,  the  kind  pro- 
tection she  extended  to  her  companions 
in  misfortune,  the  foundation  of  St. 
Cyr,  her  rare  contempt  of  lucre,  and 
her  difficult  position  as  regarded  Louis 
and  the  court. 

The  character  of  Louvois  has  been 
ably  sketched  by  his  contemporaries. 
Ue  united  to  a  vigorous  intellect  a 
power  of  abstraction  equal  to  the  charge 
of  various  public  departments,  in  which 
he  displayed  the  most  perfect  know- 
ledge of  details  and  the  highest  talent 
in  uicir  direction.  Tliis  was  particu- 
larly remarkable  during  the  wars,  in 
which  to  gratify  his  selfish  ambition, 
against  the  remonstrances  of  Colbert, 
the  advice  of  Turenne,  notwithstand- 
ing the  increasing  misery  of  the  people, 
and  despite  of  the  louring  aspect  of 
the  political  horizoDf  he  00  constantly 


led  the  King.  This  selfish  ambition 
marked  his  career.  His  mind  was 
harsh  and  resolute,  restrained  by  no 
moral  influence,  acknowledging  no  law 
but  the  King's  will,  shrinking  from 
no  injustice;  nor  from  cruelty,  nor 
from  crime,  if  re(|uisite  for  his  ends. 
To  serve  his  ambition,  he  had  been 
content  to  make  the  only  sacrifice  of 
his  life — the  too  open  indulgence  of 
his  debaucheries.  To  forward  this  he 
stimulated  at  once  the  vices  and  the 
weakness  of  Louis,  and,  at  the  perjod 
when  the  King  had  determined  on  the 
conversion  of  the  Huguenots,  his  name 
passed  with  horror  from  lip  to  lip  as 
the  cause  of  the  inhuman  devastation 
of  the  Palatinate. 

Fere  La  Chaise,  the  confessor  of  the 
King,  united  to  the  learning  and  supple 
morals  of  the  Jesuit,  a  disposition  natu- 
rally conciliatory  andkind.  It isdifficult 
to  determine  upon  what  ethical  theory 
he  permitted  the  King's  ^^iaisons," 
especially  that  with  Madame  de  Mon- 
tespan, of  whom  he  was  the  friend,  or 
by  what  moral  principles  he  reconciled 
his  duties  as  the  King's  confessor  with 
the  manners  of  the  court.  It  was  not 
that  he  was  insensible  to  virtue,  but 
indifl'erent  to  vice,  when  worldly  in- 
terests prevailed.  For  these  he  re- 
strained the  exercise  of  excellent 
qualities,  and  pandered  to  the  worst 
inclinations  of  the  King.  Had  Louis 
been  inclined  to  toleration,  he  had 
been  tolerant ;  and,  if  he  allowed  the 
persecution  of  the  Huguenots,  it  was 
not  from  conviction  as  a  duty,  or 
fervour  of  religious  zeal,  but  the  cal- 
culating spirit  of  the  Jesuit,  and  the 
love  of  ease  of  age. 

The  court  of  Louis  the  Fourteenth 
displayed  that  conibination  of  the  in- 
tellectual and  the  social  qualities  so 
remarkable  in  the  character  of  the 
French  nation,  and  that  adulation  of 
present  power  and  of  prevailing  opinion 
which  in  individuals  is  meanness,  in 
nations  a  vice.  None  dared  oppose 
the  will  of  the  king.  The  nobdity 
were  divided  into  castes,  alike  in  one 
respect — their  struggle  to  obtain  his 
favours.  Gallantry  was  their  recrea- 
tion, war  their  pursuit^  and  they  excited 
the  ambition  of  Louis  to  advance  their 
own.  The  clergy,  as  a  class,  were  ele- 
vated by  such  men  as  Bossuet,  Massillon, 
Flechier,  and  Bourdaloue ;  but,  with 
rare  exception!,  they  were  debased  by 


344         Hie  History  of  the  Protestant  Refugees  rf  France.      [April, 


ignorance,  bigotry,  and  relaxed  mor^. 
Of  the  higher  orders,  many  were  simply 
professional  believers :  of  the  lower, 
the  majority  were  but  ignorant  teach- 
ers. That  there  was  much  sincere  and 
pious  faith  among  all  classes  must  be 
at  once  allowed.  Louis  had  from  his 
assumption  of  power  resolved  to  dis- 
courage the  extension  of  Calvinism. 
From  the  first  he  refused  to  the  Pro- 
testants, as  we  have  said,  all  participa- 
tion in  the  honours  of  the  state.  In  1662 
he  ordered  twenty-two  churches  of  the 
Huguenots  to  be  destroyed  in  the  Fays 
de  Gex.  In  the  same  year  they  were 
forbidden  to  inter  their  dead  except 
at  daybreak  or  nightfall.  Children  of 
mixea  marriages  were  to  be  baptised 
as  Catholics.  The  bodies  of  those  who 
bad  relapsed  from  Catholicism  were 
refused  burial,  and  dragged  to  the 
nearest  ditch,  naked,  through  the 
streets.  In  1665,  curates  and  magis- 
trates were  authorised  to  enter  the 
rooms  of  the  dying,  to  exhort  them  to 
conform  to  the  Catholic  religion,  and 
if  impatience,  anguish,  or  pain  extorted 
even  an  uncertam  sign,  the  body  was 
claimed  for  burial  in  the  Catholic  ceme- 
tery, and  the  children  were  dragged  to 
the  mass,  under  thepretext  that  their 
parent  had  abjured.  They  were  next  for- 
oidden  to  provide  funds  for  the  support 
of  their  ministers ;  their  schools  were 
suppressed,  or  limited  to  a  small  num- 
ber at  ^eat  distances  from  the  towns. 
Education  was  restricted  to  the  simplest 
forms ;  all  the  learned  professions  were 
closed  against  them.  They  were  for- 
bidden to  print  or  to  possess  works 
upon  their  own  faith.  If  a  Catholic 
were  converted  he  was  condemned  to 
the  galleys.  If  he  were  seen  within 
the  walls  of  a  Calvinistic  church,  the 
minister  of  the  church  was  liable  to 
banishment,  and  the  confiscation  of  his 
property.  Finally,  children  of  Pro- 
testant families  were  allowed  to  abjure 
their  creed  at  seven  years  of  age,  and 
their  parents  were  to  be  condemned 
in  an  annual  sum  for  their  future  sup- 
port. Marriage  in  their  own  churches 
was  forbidden,  and  their  registers  were 
removed. 

Thus  the  Calvinists  were  deprived 
of  all  but  the  commonest  rights.  They 
were  condemned  to  commercial  pursuits 
alone,  exposed  to  the  Injustice  of  the 
courts  of  law,  the  bigotry  of  the  cler^, 
and  the  ignorant  Taoaticiim  of  ue 
1 


people.  Colbert  had  hitherto  protected 
them,  but  on  his  death  the  power  of 
Louvois  prevailed.  Stricken  with  some 
hesitating  remorse  for  his  adulterous 
life,  and  satiated  by  its  indulgence, 
Louis  had  conceived  the  idea  of  lfux>ur- 
ing  for  the  conversion  of  the  Calvinists 
as  an  expiation  of  his  sin.  It  was  to 
him  what  the  vow  of  the  cross  had 
been  to  the  Crusader.  The  moment 
was  favourable.  Men's  minds  were 
agitated  by  the  effect  of  the  eloquence 
of  Amauld  and  of  Bossuet.  Never  has 
intellect  imparted  more  grace  to  en- 
thusiasm, or  enthusiasm  been  degraded 
by  more  frivolous  and  worldly  con- 
siderations. The  pride  of  Louis  was 
propitiated  and  excited  by  the  hope 
that  he  should  achieve  the  glorv  of 
subduing  a  sect  which  had  defied  his 
ancestors.  Accordingly  in  1677  he  set 
aside  a  large  sum  from  the  "  droit  de 
regale**  to  this  end.  Pelisson  the 
academician,  a  convert  of  '^  le  parti  le 
plus  sur,**  and  who,  it  is  suspected, 
relapsed  on  his  death-bed,  was  charged 
with  its  administration,  aided  bv  the 
bishops,  the  intendants,  and  the  clergy 
of  the  provinces.  A  debtor  and  cre- 
ditor account  was  yearly  rendered; 
the  ordinary  sum  for  a  convert  was 
fixed  at  six  livres  per  head ;  when  the 
money  was  expended,  the  balance  was 
strucK,  and  lists  of  abjurors  with  their 
receipts  were  sent  to  the  King.  It  b 
needless  to  describe  the  class  who 
formed  the  wretched  material  of  F^- 
lisson's  return.  They  were  the  sub- 
orned witnesses  of  pious  frauds,  picked 
up  from  the  lowest  classes  of  that  ig- 
norance which  brutalises  numbers  m 
large  towns.  Soon  nothing  was  heard 
at  court  but  the  miracles  of  Pelisson. 
Every  one  lauded  "cette  eloauence 
doree,'*  less  intellectual  than  tnat  of 
Bossuet,  but  far  more  convincing.  En- 
couraged by  his  success,  Louis  en- 
larged the  means;  the  miracles  in- 
creased in  proportion.  Pere  la  Chaise 
animated  his  zeal  by  the  examples 
of  Constantino  and  Theodosius.  Ma- 
dame de  Maintenon  expatiated  on  the 
eflfects  of  the  King's  "box  of  Pan- 
dora,** as  a  sign  of  grace,  and  compared 
the  monarch  to  Joshna,  to  Solomon, 
and  to  David.  It  became  the  mode  jof 
Paris  to  forsake  all  pleasures,  forem 
all  pursuits,  and  to  devote  life  to  VbQ 
conversion  of  the  Huguenots.  Madame 
de  Maintenon  took  t&  lead ;  she  wrote, 


1854.]       The  Hintorij  of  the  Protestant  Uafugees  of  France,  345 


she  entreated,  she  advised,  she  exhorted . 
Madame  d'Aubigne,  she  reminds  her 
brother,  ought  to  convert  some  one  of 
our  young  relations.    Another  is  told, 
how  constantly  Paris  is  edified  by  the 
sight  of  her  leading  some  "six  livres" 
convert  into  the  churches.     A  third  is 
thus   exhorted :    "  Convertissez   vous 
comme  tant  d^autres,  convertissez  vous 
avcc  Dieu  seul,  convertissez  vous  enfin 
— cotntne  U  vous  plaira^  mais  conver- 
tissez vous."    There  was  much  true 
zeal,  and  as  much  prudence  as  zeal, 
in    this   display.     Louis   was    to    be 
kept  as  he  had  been  won.    Her  discre- 
tion was   roused,  he   had  reproached 
her  with  having  been  a  Calvinist.    Ku- 
bigny  was  "  intraitable," — Louvois  her 
enemy.     Nor  did  she  forget  "  le  parti 
le  plus  siir," — the  temporal  interests  of 
her  family.     On  the  19th  I^Iay,  1681, 
having  procured  her  brother  a  "  pot 
de  vin,"  of  118,000  francs,  she  recom- 
mended him  to  lay  it  out  with  discre- 
tion, adding,  the  lands  in  Poitou  arc 
now  selling  for  almost  nothing,  the  dis- 
tress of  the  Huguenots  will  force  the 
sale  of  more ;  you  can,  at  little  cost, 
establish    yourself    magnificently    in 
Poitou.    She  was  right.  Jealous  of  her 
influence,  resolved  to  maintain  his  own, 
considerino;  religion  as  a  mere  matter 
of  civil  polity,  curbing  his  will  to  the 
superiority  of  the  King's  alone,  Louvois 
resolved  to  gratify  his  master's  wish, 
and   to   destroy  the   Calvinist   party. 
Accordingly,  *'Il  y  meladu  militaire," 
he   wrote   to   Marillac,    intendant  of 
Poitou,  whom  he  judged  to  be  the  fit 
agent  for  his  plans,  Alarch  18th,  1681, 
to  authorise  the  persecution  known  as 
that  of  the  "  dragonnades."     The  de- 
tails can  be  but  briefly  given.      By 
these  instructions,  the  only  royal  ex- 
ceptions to  the  soldiers'  lust  and  power, 
were  rape  and  murder.     They  were 
billeted  exclusively  on  the  Calvinists ; 
neither   rank    nor    poverty    was   ex- 
cepted.    AVith  furious  cries  they  en- 
tered    the     house,     they    demanded 
money ;  if  it  were  denied,  the  inhabit- 
ants were  subjected  to  every  kind  of 
outrage,  even  to  torture,   to  compel 
their  conversion.    Their  feet  and  hands 
were  slowly  burnt,  their  limbs  broken 
by  blows,  their  lips  seared  with  hot 
irons;  others  were  thrown  into  dun- 


geons, of  which  the  stagnant  air  was 
poisoned  with  noisome  vapours,  and  bid- 
den to  lie  there  and  rot.  The  success 
of  this  first  mission  surpassed  even  the 
hopes  of  Louvois.  For  a  while  he  was 
controlled  by  political  considerations, 
but  in  1684  the  dragonnades  recom- 
menced. They  now  increased  the  tor- 
tures, by  hints  obtained  from  the  Jesuits 
and  the  Dominicans.  Minds  educated 
beneath  the  stern  morals  of  Calvinism, 
were  condemned  to  listen  to  the  con- 
versation, the  oaths,  and  blasphemous 
jests  of  drunken  soldiers.  They  were 
forced  to  labour ;  their  bodies  were  sub- 
jected to  cruel  pains  from  suspension 
by  ropes,  oftimes  the  flesh  was  pinched, 
their  heads  thrust  into  heated  ovens ; 
and  finally  thus  exhausted,  by  a  refine- 
ment of  cruelty,  the  curse  of  Ladurlad 
was  fulfilled  in  its  full  bitterness  on 
them, — 

And  sleep  shall  obey  mc, 
And  visit  thee  never, 

for  all  rest  was  denied  them  by  relays 
of  wretches  who  compelled  them  to 
stand,  or  who  roused  them  by  brutal 
violence,  if  nature  for  a  moment  yielded 
to  repose.  Women  bred  up  with  the 
tenderest  care  were  subjected  to  the 
most  odious  ofiices,  and  the  most  shame- 
less outrages.  The  result  may  be  sur- 
mised. Conversions  rapidly  increased ; 
and  the  returns  were  now  not  by  hun- 
dreds, but  by  cities,  by  districts,  and 
by  provinces.  Louis  ordered  public 
rejoicings,  the  church  ordained  thanks- 
ffivings,  the  court  was  fervent  in  adu- 
lation. Some  attributed  these  collec- 
tive conversions  to  Divine  grace, — 
"  Dieu  se  sert  de  toutes  voies  pour 
ramener  a  lui  les  heretiques,"  wrote 
Madame  de  Maintenon ;  and  Bourda- 
loue  and  Fenelon  were  sent  into  the 
provinces  to  take  spiritual  possession 
of  their  folds.  The  dragoons,  said 
Madame  de  Sevignc,  have  been  hitherto 
excellent  missionaries ;  the  preachers 
now  sent  will  perfect  their  work.  The 
court  was  France  to  Louis,  and  the 
court  thought  Protestantism  was  ex- 
tinct. On  the  22nd  October,  1685, 
he  signed,  at  Fontaincbleau,  the  Revo- 
cation of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  The 
results  of  that  measure  will  be  the 
subject  of  a  future  paper. 


Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI, 


2Y 


346 


THE  POSITIVE  PHILOSOPHY  OP  AUGUSTE  COMTE. 

The  Positive  Philosophy  of  Auguste  Comte,  freely  translated  and  condenied  by  Harriet 

Martineau.    2  vols.     Chapman. 


WE  are  disinclined  to  devote  much 
space  to  a  notice  of  Miss  Martineau*s 
translation   and    condensation   of  M. 
Comte*s  Positive  Philosophy,  although 
we  have  read  all  such  parts  of  the  work 
as  are  readable  by  those  not  savants, 
with  care  and  painful  thought.     Few 
readers,  perhaps,  are  qualified  to  judge 
of  the  profound  speculations  on  the 
older  sciences  which  are  contained  in 
these  heavy  volumes.     Not  many  can 
accompany  M.  Comte  in  his  far-reach- 
ing historical  surveys,  without  feeling 
the  continual  necessity  of  refreshing 
their  memories   concerning  the  past, 
and  making  sure  of  the  correctness  of 
his  statements  by  frequent  reference 
to  books.     A  part,  however,  and  it  is 
by  no  means  the  least  important  part, 
of  that  which  he  (and  his  translator 
also)  desires  to  set  forth  for  the  benefit 
of  society,  does  lie  on  the  surface.  Any 
intelligent  earnest  English  mind — any 
man  or  woman  of  fair  average  infor- 
mation, and  tolerably  trained  habits  of 
thought — is  fully  capable  of  deciding 
on  the  soundness  or  unsoundness  of 
that  which  it  is  reallv  of  most  conse- 
quence to  understand  in  the  theory  of 
the  Positive  Philosophy.     Disclaimed, 
as  such  a  notion  may  be,  in  words,  by 
M.  Corate,  he  certainly  does  make  an 
appeal  to  internal  consciousness — to  a 
consciousness  which  can  alone  be  ulti- 
mate judge  of  the  truth  of  several  of 
those  matters  which  he  has  put  forth 
as  out^r  facts ;  and,  if  we  are  correct 
in  saying  this,  every  intelligent  mind  is 
capable  of  pronouncing  whether  M. 
Comte  is  right  or  wrong,  to  a  large 
extent.     So,  with  regard  to  many  ques- 
tions of  notorious  historical  fact,  long 
or  lately  past,  there  is  really  no  stu- 
pendous difficulty  in  deciding  whether 
we  can  accept  either  his  statements,  or 
bis  inferences  from  them. 

M.  Comte's  theory  has  often  been 
stated ;  but  we  must  give  it  once  again. 

Every  science  in  the  course  of  its 
human  applications  passes,  according 
to  him,  through  three  several  stages ; 
perhaps  we  should  speak  more  cor- 
rectly if  wc  said  that  the  human  race 
in  its  progress  comes  to  view  the 
sciences  under  three  several  aspects. 


In  the  first  stage  all  phenomena  are 
regarded  from  the  theolo^cal  point  of 
view ;  the  hidden  cause  is  all  m  all— 
the  facts  themselves  are  regarded  only 
as  emanations  from  that  cause— ^henoe 
they  are  passed  over  with  slight  exa* 
mination,  and  the  mind  only  rest«  on 
the  invisible.  All  phenomena  are  thus 
referred  "  to  the  immediate  action  of 
supernatural  beings." 

In  the  second  stage  the  mind  is  not 
employed  so  much  with  the  holy  and 
reverential  view  of  the  great  First 
Cause,  but  it  has  made  to  itself  a 
number  of  idols  of  the  mind — forces» 
entities,  &c. — some  supposed  powersi 
inherent  in  all  beings.  This  he  calls 
the  metaphvsical  stage. 

In  the  third  stage  men  are  no  longer 
seeking  in  the  dark  for  absolute  notionB^ 
for  the  origin  or  destination  of  the  uni* 
verse,  for  tne  cause  of  causes.  Nothing 
is  true  in  fact,  nothing  is  knowable  bat 
actually  observed  facts  and  their  re- 
lations— the  invariable  relations  of  suc- 
cession and  resemblance.  The  number 
of  separate  phenomena  which  may  be 
referred  to  general  laws  is  ever  in- 
creasing, and  the  true  **  advancement 
of  learning"  is  therefore  only  by  the 
way  of  Positive  Philosophy. 

In  harmony  with  his  notion  of  the 
three  great  stages  of  progressive 
science,  M.  Comte  further  maintain! 
that  thus  also  is  it  with  the  individual 
mind,  if  it  be  at  all  "  up  to  its  tiine.** 
This,  too,  passes  through  three  great 
^ras.  In  tne  first  it  is  pious,  referring 
all  to  supernatural  causes.  In  the 
second  it  is  metaphysical  —  begin- 
ning to  explore  the  region  of  abstrac* 
tions  —  giving  a  species  of  personal 

f)ower  to  forces  of  nature,  &c.;  and 
astly,  passing  into  the  practical  and 
positive,  when  it  waives  away 

AU  ^hat  the  parent,  aU  the  priest  bath  tangfat,— 

neither  requiring  nor  wishine  for  the 
reference  which  was  needed  for  its 
earlier  stages,  but  gradually  simplify* 
ing  and  reducing  the  number  of  toinga 
which  cannot  M  referred  to  gtnem 
laws,  and  finding,  in  that  process  of 
reduction,  amply  enough  for  its  con* 
tentment  and  joy. 


1854.]  The  Positive  Philoeophy  ofAuguite  Comie. 


847 


This,  we  sincerely  think,  is  a  fair 
statement  of  what  we  can  gather  from 
M.  Comte*8  book,  as  now  translated 
and  condensed.  If  in  any  way  mis- 
taken, let  us  be  corrected ;  but  that  the 
brief  view  given  would  be  the  obvious 
and  popular  one,  we  can  hardly  doubt. 

Now  here  are  two  assumptions,  of 
the  truth  of  one  of  which  at  least  any 
one  may  form  a  Judgment.     We  begin 
by  the  personal  and   individual  one. 
Here  we  are  sure  that — not,  as  Miss 
Martineau   predicts,    "in   theological 
selfishness  or  metaphysical  pride," — but 
really  from  the  best  exercise  of  their 
matured  judgments,  will   many  even 
advanced  minds  deny  the  correctness 
of  M.  Comte's  philosophy  as  it  bears 
upon  the  question  of  individual  pro- 
gress.    Most  earnestly  do  we  also  deny 
it  for  them.     They  may,  or  they  may 
not,  have  passed  distinctly  through  the 
two  first  specified  stages.  If  they  have, 
has  the  anticipated  result  come  to  pass? 
Every  one  can  judge  of  such  a  fact 
for  himself;  and,  to  a  large  extent,  he 
can  say  how  it  is  with  others.     Well, 
then,  how  stands  the  case  ?    Do  the 
early  devout,  as  they  go  on  and  while 
they  go  on,  generally  leave  their  de- 
votion behind  ?     Of  course,  in  some 
cases  they  do ;  but  it  is  far  indeed  from 
being  the  case  with  many,  and  those 
the  best  specimens  of  humanity.    True 
it  is,  that  there  is  much  of  fancy  in  the 
devout  fervours  of  many  a  young  spirit ; 
there  is  a  time  of  sifting  and  question- 
ing in  matters  of  feeling  as  well  as  in 
those  of  opinion,  and  all  who  are  honest 
with   themselves   must  learn   to   dis- 
tinguish, though  by  a  painful  process, 
between  the  realities  of  religious  com- 
munion and  its  counterfeits — between 
steady    daylight    and     certain    lurid 
Hashes,  making  darkness  visible.    Just, 
however,  we  think,  as  the  physician's 
strong   sensibility  in  the  presence  of 
suffering  decreases,  while   his   active 
desires  to  relieve  it  gather  strength  by 
use,  so  surely  in  many  minds  do  deep 
and  fixed  habits  of  personal  piety,  and 
constant   reference    to    an   Almighty 
friend,   take  the  place  of  that  vehe- 
mence of  personal  feeling  which  dis- 
tinguished them  at  an  earlier  period.  To 
say  of  such  persons  that  they  have  got 
out  of  the  theological  stage  will  be  ever 
an  error  and  a  libel.     That  which  was 
once  a  good  will  be  everlastingly  such 
to  them.    That  Progress  should  re- 


quire us  men  or  women  to  part  with 
any  good  element  which  has  been  ours 
in  any  stage  of  the  way,  indeed,  we 
cannot  believe.  On  the  contrary,  there 
seem  to  be  a  thousand  reasons  why  we 
should  want  the  blessed  consciousness 
of  a  Father  in  Heaven,  more  and  more 
as  life  goes  on.  Our  eras  of  existence 
have  need  of  such  an  influencing  power, 
to  hallow  every  change,  and  to  touch 
our  worldliness  by  a  beam  of  his  di- 
vine light.  Our  busy  lives  need  Him 
— we  must  keep  his  Sabbaths  in  our 
hearts,  as  well  as  outwardly.  Our  sin- 
fulness needs  Him,  most  of  all.  The 
mournful  consciousness  of  wasted 
hours,  neglected  opportunities,  and 
forgotten  benefits,  presses  upon  lonely 
hours  with  a  weigiit  only  to  be  re- 
moved by  the  voice  of  one  speaking  to 
the  weary  and  heavy-laden ;  and,  if  wo 
really  thought  that  increased  know- 
ledge of  the  world  around  us  would 
hide  its  great  Maker  from  our  view, 
the  enlarged  pages  of  the  volume  of 
natural  science  would  be  a  sad  con- 
templation indeed ;  but,  in  reality,  we 
believe,  the  more  we  know  the  more 
deeply  shall  we  be  humiliated  by  the 
spectacle  of  the  ineffectiveness  of  mere 
knowledge;  the  more  earnestly  will 
recourse  be  had  to  those  wonderful 
aptitudes  of  the  devout  mind  to  seek 
moral  strength  at  invisible  fountains, 
which  no  philosophy  and  no  acquaint- 
ance with  facts  can  teach  us  to  ignore. 

M.  Comte  must  not  affect  to  despise 
self-consciousness  on  these  points.  He 
has  invited  it  as  plainly  as  he  invites 
to  historical  or  scientific  research.  He 
tells  us  of  our  three  individual  eras. 
How,  but  by  individual  inquiry,  can 
we  know  whether  he  is  right  or  wrone  ? 
Believing  the  inquiry  to  be  perfecUy 
fair,  we  make  it ;  and  this  is  the  result. 

Most  painful  it  is,  on  such  a  point,  to 
find  ourselves  at  issue  with  Miss  Mar- 
tineau ;  yet  more  confounding  to  our 
hopes  and  wishes,  to  find  her  possessed 
by  the  extraordinary  conviction  that 
she  is  doing  service  to  society  by 
making  more  widely  known  to  English 
readers  a  systematic  piece  of  argument 
leading  directly  to  the  disparagement 
of  all  that  has  hitherto  been  found 
capable  of  sustaining  men  under  their 
heaviest  sorrows,  and  enabling  them  to 
look  higher  than  the  imperfect  models 
of  earth  for  examples  and  stimulants 
to  virtue.    There  is  no  mistaking  this 


27ie  Positive  Philosophy  ofAuguste  Comte.  [April, 

room,  one  very  memorable  passage  in 
M.  Comte  with  regard  to  France  can 
be  easily  verified,  coming  so  near  our 
own  time:  it  will,  we  think,  startle 
many  readers. 

There  has  always  (he  says)  been  an  out- 
cry in  one  direction  or  another  about  the 
demoralization  that  humanity  must  under- 
go if  this  or  that  superstition  were  sup- 
pressed;  and  we  see  the  folly,  when  it 
relates  to  a  matter  which  to  us  has  loof^ 
ceased  to  be  connected  with  religion,  as, 
for  instance,  the  observance  of  personal 
cleanliness,  which  the  Brahmins  insist  on 
making  wholly  dependent  on  theological 
prescription.  For  some  centuries  after 
Christianity  was  widely  established,  a  great 
number  of  statesmen,  and  even  philoso- 
phers, went  on  lamenting  the  corruption 
which  must  follow  the  downfall  of  poly- 
theistic superstitions.  The  greatest  service 
that  could  be  rendered  to  human  kind 
while  this  sort  of  clamour  exists,  is  that  a 
whole  nation  should  manifest  a  high  order 
of  virtue  while  essentially  alienated  from 
theological  belief.  This  service  was  ren- 
dered  by  the  de^nonsiraiion  attending  the 
French  Revolution,  When,  from  the 
leaders  to  the  lowest  citizens,  there  was 
seen  so  much  courage,  military  and  civic, 
such  patriotic  devotedness,  so  many  acts 
of  disinterestedness,  obscure  as  well  at 
conspicuous,  and  especially  throughout 
the  whole  of  the  republican  d^ence,  while 
the  ancient  faith  was  abased  or  persecuted, 
it  was  impossible  to  hold  to  the  retrograde 
belief  of  the  moral  necessity  qf  religious 
opinions.  It  will  not  be  supposed  that 
Deism  was  the  animating  influence  in  this 
case;  for  not  only  are  its  prescriptions 
confused  and  precarious,  but  the  people 
were  nearly  as  indifferent  to  modem  Deism 
as  to  any  other  religious  system.— Vol.  ii. 
p.  249,  250. 

No  one  but  a  Frenchman  we  think 
could  have  penned  this  remarkable 
passage.  A I  renchnian,  we  know,  can 
scarcely  help  feeling  that  even  his 
countrymen's  worst  actions  have  a  re- 
deeming quality  which  makes  them 
quite  unlike  the  bad  actions  of  other 
people,  but  we  do  feel  it  a  humiliating 
specimen  of  nationality. 

M.  Comte,  if  reviewing  the  actions 
of  other  nationalities,  would  not  surely 
make  so  great  a  mistake  as  to  suppose 
that  all  the  instances  of  virtue  he 
speaks  of  came  out  of  a  new  and  strange 
state  of  society,  and  that  none  were 
an  inheritance  from  the  old  and  yet  very 
recent  state.  Much,  indeed,  that  was 
called  Christianity  in  France  before  the 


848 


point.  Her  law  of  "  human  progress" 
neither  accepts  our  lawgiver,  our  guide 
by  the  way,  nor  the  end  to  which 
Christians  aspire.  Fill  life  with  busi- 
ness as  we  may — crowd  its  narrow 
span  with  objects  ever  so  interesting 
or  so  valuable  in  themselves — what  do 
we  find  at  the  end  of  all,  but  a  dreary 
void  where  the  bright  presence  of  a 
benevolent  God  is  not  ?  And  how  then 
can  we,  without  the  keenest  sorrow, 
receive  her  Introduction,  eloquent  as 
it  is  ? 

If  it  be  desired  to  extinguish  presump- 
tion, to  draw  away  from  low  aims,  to 
fill  life  with  worthy  occupations  and  ele- 
vating pleasures,  and  to  raise  human  hope 
and  human  effort  to  the  highest  attainable 
point,  it  seems  to  me  that  the  best  resource 
is  the  pursuit  of  Positive  Philosophy,  with 
its  train  of  noble  truths  and  irresistible 
inducements.  The  prospects  it  opens  are 
boundless ;  for  among  the  laws  it  esta- 
blishes, that  of  human  progress  is  conspi- 
cuous. The  virtues  it  fosters  are  all  those 
of  which  man  is  capable ;  and  the  noblest 
are  those  which  are  more  eminently  fos- 
tered. The  habit  of  truth-seeking  and 
truth-speaking,  and  of  true  dealing  with 
self  and  with  all  things,  is  evidently  a 
primary  requisite;  and,  this  habit  once 
perfected,  the  natural  conscience,  thus 
disciplined,  will  train  up  all  other  moral 
attributes  to  some  equality  with  it.  To 
nil  who  know  what  the  study  of  Positive 
Philosophy  ...  its  effect  on  human 
aspiration  and  human  discipline  is  so  plain, 
that  any  doubt  can  be  explained  only  on 
the  supposition  that  accusers  do  not  kuow 
what  it  is  they  are  calling  in  question. 
My  hope  is  that  this  book  may  achieve, 
besides  the  purposes  entertained  by  its 
author,  the  one  more  that  he  did  not  in- 
tend— of  conveying  a  sufficient  rebuke  to 
those  who,  in  theological  selfishness  or 
metaphysical  pride,  speak  evil  of  a  philo- 
sophy which  is  too  lofty  and  too  simple, 
too  humble  and  too  generous,  for  the  habit 
of  their  minds.  The  case  is  clear.  The 
law  of  progress  is  conspicuously  at  work 
throughout  human  history.  The  only  field 
of  progress  is  now  that  of  Positive  Philo- 
sophy, under  whatever  name  it  may  be 
kiiown  to  the  real  students  of  every  sect ; 
and  therefore  must  that  philosophy  be 
favourable  to  those  virtues  whose  repres- 
sion would  be  incompatible  with  progress. 

And  now,  with  regard  to  the  world 
at  lar^e,  though  to  consider  from  the 
historical  point  of  view  whether  the 
theory  of  humnnity  here  promulgated 
has  a  sufficiency  of  truth  to  command 
our  assent,  would  occupy  far  too  nruch 


1854.]  The  Positive  Philosophy  of  Augusie  Comte, 


349 


Kevolution,  every  one  knows  was  not  so 
at  all, — was  rather  base  and  degrading 
superstition.  Yet,  most  surely,  there 
were  many  pure,  virtuous,  and  sincere 
Christians  in  old  France.  Could  the 
influence  of  their  example  and  teach- 
ings be  lost  throughout  a  nation  in  a 
few  years  ?  Who  knows  how  large  a 
part  they  still  retained  in  hearts  that 
were,  it  may  be,  but  dimly  conscious 
of  the  influence  ? 

Who  knows  the  intlividiial  hour,  in  which 
Hi8  habitat  first  were  sown,  even  as  a  seed  ? 
"WTio  that  shall  pohit,  as  with  a  wand,  and  say 
This  portion  of  the  river  of  my  mind 
Came  ftrom  yon  fountain  ? 

No  natural  nurture  of  any  kind,  we 
believe,  was  goin^  on  dijiring  the  French 
Revolution.  The  domestic  hearth- 
fires  were  extinguished.  A  high  order 
of  virtue  was  out  of  the  question, 
though  isolated  acts  of  nobleness,  no 
doubt,  appeared  to  brighten  the  dark- 
ness of  that  time.  When,  indeed, 
women  were  going  mad  by  hundreds, 
and  the  births  of  idiots  and  precoci- 
ously stimulated  natures  were  more 
numerous  than  perhaps  ever  before 
known  in  any  nation,  no  stable  form 
of  character  could  be  prognosticated ; 
and  the  last  thing  to  be  expected  was 
a  generally  "  higli  order  of  virtue." 

Heroic  emotions,  here  and  there, 
spring  up  ever  when  the  depths  of 
humanity  are  stirred  as  they  were 
then ;  but  a  fitting  time  of  edtication 
it  can  never  be.  Neither  the  quiet 
maternal  rearing  of  infancy,  nor  the 
fatherly  culture  of  the  young,  can  pro- 
ceed by  well-ordered  stages  at  such  a 
season  ;  and  we  are  compelled  to  feel 
how  low  must  be  M.  Comte's  type,  if 
he  can  regard  the  French  Revolution 
character  as  of  an  exalted  kind.  Had 
it  been  so,  bow  strange  that  a  low 
and  vulgar  form  of  military  tyranny 
should  so  soon  have  succeeded  to  the 
previous  elevation !  The  present  state 
of  French  morality,  indeed,  M.  Comte 
does  not  rate  high  :  on  the  contrary, 
he  laments  over  it,  while  imputing 
its  short-comings  and  its  evils  in  a 
great  measure  to  the  presence  of  so 
much  only  half-demolished  theology. 
And  yet  if  M.  Comte  would  go  abroad 
and  make  a  quiet  examination  of  the 
different  circles  of  French  social  life, 
where  would  he  find  the  patrons  and 
admirers  of  the  vicious  dramas   and 


impure  novels  which  pollute  French 
literature  ?  Not,  we  are  sure,  among 
the  sober,  serious  sort  of  French  Pro- 
testants— not  amon^  the  devout  and 
consistent  of  Catholics.  It  would  be, 
we  suspect,  elmost  wholly  among  the 
godless  in  theory  and  practice. 

Tlie  world  cannot,  in  short,  any  more 
than  the  individual,  spare  its  theology 
as  it  grows  older.  Its  inventions,  its 
clearing  up  of  many  difliculties,  its  now 
easy  explanations  of  various  pheno- 
mena carry  it  up  to  a  certain  point 
with  wonderful  facility ;  but,  contem- 
plating the  dense  mass  of  ignorance 
and  vice  which  everywhere  comes  into 
our  view  of  society,  even  in  a  Christian 
land,  we  feel  it  a  hollow  mockery  to 
point  to  a  knowledge  of  nature  as  that 
which  is  to  cure  our  social  evils.  Know- 
ledge indeed  directed  by  love  can  do 
great  things — the  knowledge  of  po- 
sitive physical  facts,  everybody  allows, 
may  and  does  aid  essentially  in  the 

E roper  appliance  of  means  to  ends : 
ut  the  awakened  heart,  the  missionary 
mind,  precedes  all  the  real  benefits 
society  has  received  from  the  applica- 
tion of  such  knowledge ;  and  if  the 
capital  fact  of  a  Father  in  Heaven 
brooding  over  the  kind  designs  of  his 
children,  prompting  the  desire  to  recal 
the  wandering,  and  ready  ever  to  re- 
ceive the  lost  son,  is  to  be  ignored, 
how  wild,  how  misdirected,  how  in- 
efficacious will  be  human  plans  of  re- 
lief! We  conclude,  indeed,  that  M. 
Comte,  and  Miss  Martineau  also,  would 
have  much  to  say  about  the  frequent 
mis-direction  of  Christian  effort.  Any- 
thing of  this  kind  ought  to  be  humbly, 
nay  thankfully,  in  as  far  as  it  is  true, 
received;  but  then  let  us  make  the 
full  uses  of  such  concessions.  Let 
them  throw  us  back,  as  they  ought, 
upon  ourselves,  and,  when  we  are  most 
deeply  humbled  by  them,  it  will  be  the 
time  to  feel  more  strongly  than  we 
have  ever  done  before,  that  we  want 
to  be  more  faithful  to  the  light  given  us, 
rather  than  to  seek  darkness :  to  put 
out  our  lamp  because  it  is  not  the  sun, 
would  seem  but  foolish  policy,  and  so, 
and  much  worse,  would  be  the  ab- 
surdity of  giving  up  faith  and  hope 
because  they  have  not  been  productive, 
through  the  sinfulness  and  weakness 
of  humanity,  of  the  fullness  of  bless- 
ing they  were  meant  to  convey. 


850 


TRAITS  OF  THE  CZARS. 


IT  is  exactly  a  thousand  years  since 
Ruric  the  Scandinavian  chief,  assisted 
by  a  piratical  force,  invaded  the  eastern 
shores  of  the  Baltic,  and  laid  the  founda- 
tions of  a  dominion  which  his  succes- 
sors held  for  something  like  seven  cen- 
turies. Before  two  hundred  years  had 
elapsed  the  Russians  had  made  no  less 
than  three  attempts  to  plunder  Con- 
stantinople ;  and  tne  policy  of  the  chiefs 
of  the  first  period  is  that  of  the  Czars 
of  the  fifth.  The  former  erected  a 
statue  in  the  square  of  Taurus,  on 
which  there  miraculously  appeared  a 
written  propheov,  that  the  Russ  would 
one  day  sit  in  the  seat  of  the  Greek 
emperor.  This  mendacious  policy  still 
influences  the  government,  and  Nicho- 
las the  Czar  sanctions  the  lie  which 
declares  that  the  Virgin  Mary  has  ap- 
peared hovering  over  his  army,  by  way 
of  testimony  that  their  march  in  the 
direction  of  Constantinople  was  blessed 
by  her  approval. 

All  the  early  expeditions  made 
against  the  last-named  city  were  by 
sea,  and,  despite  the  ferocity  with  which 
they  were  maintained,  the  commercial 
relations  of  the  Greek  empire  and  the 
Russian  state  were  but  slightly  afiected, 
and  consequently  the  civilisation  of 
the  Russ  was  not  materially  impeded. 
Ruric  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Igor, 
whose  wife  and  successor,  Olga,  went 
to  Constantinople  to  be  baptized.  This 
religious  circumstance  did  not  prevent 
her  son  Sviatoslav  from  attempting  to 
destroy  the  holy  city ;  but  he  was  so 
roughly  treated  in  the  attempt  by  John 
Zimiscos  that  he  humbly  thanked  the 
latter  for  a  safe  conduct  back  to  his 
dominions.  The  present  Czar,  Nicholas, 
has  had  the  effrontery  to  cite  this  oc- 
currence as  a  proof  of  the  friendly 
union  which  was  begun  in  early  times 
between  the  Russ  and  the  Greek. 
A  man  knocks  down  a  thief  in  the 
highway,  but  if  the  robber  falls  under 
the  wheel  of  a  wo^ffon  the  man  pulls 
him  out  of  the  peril,  and  thereupon  the 
brigand  boasts  that  they  have  shaken 
hands  and  are  friends  I  Under  Vladi- 
mir, the  son  of  Sviatoslav,  all  Russia 
was  converted  to  a  very  equivocal  sort 
of  Christianity ;  and  with  him  ends  the 
list  of  the  Czars  of  the  first  period. 
A.]>.  1015. 


Vladimir  divided  his  extensive  do- 
minions among  his  ten  sons.  The  natural 
result  of  this  course  was  an  internecine 
war  of  succession  carried  on  during 
two  centuries  and  a-half,  with  all  the 
aggravated  ferocity  peculiar  to  family 
quarrels.  The  Tartars  benefited  by 
the  dissensions,  and  made  of  the  people 
a  herd  of  slaves ;  and  the  fratricidal 
disturbances  and  the  Tartar  supremacy 
fill  up  the  second  and  third  periods  of 
the  Russian  history. 

The  fourth  period  commences  with 
Ivan  I.  and  nis  establishment  of  a 
capital  at  Moscow,  in  1325 ;  but  he 
and  his  successors  had  to  struggle  daily 
with  the  Tartar  hordes,  who  were  not 
thoroughly  subdued  till  1425,  when 
Ivan  III.  mounted  the  ducal  throne, 
opened  the  fifth  period,  and,  after  a 
reign  full  of  what  is  called  "  glory," 
left  a  large  inheritance  to  his  son  Ivan 
the  Terrible,    a.d.  1533. 

This  monster  was  without  teeth  when 
he  succeeded  to  his  father*s  greatness, 
but  his  mother,  Helena,  reigned  during 
his  minority,  and  set  such  an  example 
to  her  sex  that  Messalina  was  pure  by 
comparison.  The  boy  was  trained  to 
be  a  savage,  to  kill  animals,  to  ride 
over  people  in  the  streets.  He  was 
taught  to  be  a  destroyer ;  and  the  Czars 
of  later  days  have  not  forgotten  the  in- 
struction, though  they  apply  it  more 
tenderly.  Ivan  was  only  in  his  teens 
when  he  had  one  of  his  own  attendants 
worried  by  dogs  in  the  public  highway, 
The  young  gentleman  thought  it  ex- 
cellent sport ;  and  he  was  encouraffed 
to  indulge  in  it  by  the  Gluisky  family, 
who  were  proud  to  be  the  preceptors 
of  so  promising  a  pupil,  it  was  that 
family  who  seriously  taught  him  that 
he  was  an  exception  to  the  command- 
ment which  said  **  Thou  shalt  do  no 
murder."  They  inculcated  assassina- 
tion as  a  virtue  in  a  prince. 

He  robbed  his  people,  not  merely  by 
oppressive  taxation,  but  by  vulgar  open 
plunder — a  process  which  Nicholas 
carries  out  more  politely  by  forced 
loans.  They  who  groaned  by  wav  of 
dissent  were  slain  for  their  audacity ; 
and  he  jocosely  compelled  parents  to 
slay  their  chilcuren,  and  children  one 
another ;  and  then,  if  he  were  not  too 
weary,  slew  the  survivor,  where  one 


1864.] 


Traits  of  the  Czan, 


851 


was  lefl  breathing,  and,  like  Scrub, 
"laughed  consumedly."  He  placed 
himself  upon  that  equality  with  God 
from  which  the  present  Czar  has  hardly 
descended,  by  one  shallow  step.  His 
devotion  was  ostentatious,  and  he  was 
ever  exemplarily  devout  when  he  was 
not  stupidly  drunk.  He  would  rise  from 
his  knees  to  let  slip  his  wild  bears 
among  the  citizens  in  the  streets,  and 
"  the  most  pious  of  Czars  "  finished  his 
prayers  as  he  looked  on  at  the  slaughter, 
pluming  himself  on  his  magnani- 
mity when  he  flung  a  few  small  coins 
among  the  wounded.  He  sometimes 
suffered,  however,  from  a  surfeit  of 
death,  and  the  jesters  were  then  sum- 
moned to  raise  the  imperial  spirits. 
They  must  have  addressed  themselves 
to  their  task  with  delightful  buoyancy, 
remembering  that  a  bad  joke  was  sure 
to  be  strangled  in  the  throat  of  the 
utterer — and  the  latter  died  with  his 
sorry  jest.  The  very  nobles  were  not 
safe.  He  once  flung  over  Prince  Goos- 
dof,  who  had  failed  in  an  attempt  to 
be  witty,  a  tureen  of  scalding  hot  soup, 
and  as  the  prince  endeavoured  to  es- 
cape, the  Czar  plunged  a  knife  into  his 
side.  The  unhappy  noble  fell  dead,  and 
Ivan,  remarking  tnat  he  had  "  carried 
the  joke  far  enough,"  bade  the  physi- 
cian attend  to  him.  "  It  is  only  God 
and  your  majesty,"  said  the  medical 
toady,  "  who  can  restore  the  prince  to 
life ;  he  is  quite  gone."  The  Czar  was 
a  little  affected  at  the  event,  but  he 
took  a  pleasant  way  of  forgetting  it. 
A  favourite  noble  happened  to  meet 
him,  and  bent  in  reverence  before  him. 
The  Czar  was  delighted  to  fall  in  with 
him,  and  took  hold  of  him  by  the  ear, 
just  as  Napoleon  used  to  do  with  his 
arch-favourites;  but  the  French  em- 
peror was  accustomed  to  leave  the  ear 
he  pinched  upon  the  head  of  its  owner ; 
not  so  Ivan,  who  using  his  knife  cut 
off  the  member  and  flung  it  into  the 
face  of  his  ancient  friend,  who  received 
the  same  with  many  acknowledgments 
of  his  master  s  condecension.  Ivan  was 
the  husband  of  seven  wives — at  once ; 
and  this  was  the  only  circumstance  in 
his  character  which  the  Greek  Church 
in  Russia  ever  affected  to  blame  in  him. 
His  offer  to  espouse  our  Virgin  Queen 
Elizabeth  must  have  made  that  graci- 
ous lady  merry.  Ivan  himself  soon 
ceased  to  be  so.  In  a  fit  of  fury  he 
smote  his  own  son  dead  by  blows  from 


an  iron  bar,  and  God  and  outraeed  na- 
ture no  longer  spared  this  most  hideous 
of  monsters.  He  became  gloomy,  but 
hardly  less  cruel ;  and  partial  madness 
succeeded  to  gloom,  and  death  at  last 
to  both. 

This  savage  was  nevertheless  one  of 
the  ablest  of  men  and  of  rulers,  when 
he  chose  to  let  his  natural  abilities  for 
good  have  sway  over  his  natural  dispo- 
sition for  evil.  He  introduced  printmg 
into  Russia,  gave  it  a  code  of  lawsi 
encouraged  religious  toleration,  and 
promoted  civilization  by  patronising 
the  fine  arts  throughout  their  brilliant 
circle  with  a  liberality  never  perhaps 
known  out  of  his  dominions.  But  he 
was  a  Colossus  of  intemperance  in  all 
things,  and  intemperance  begat  crueltyi 
and  the  indulgence  of  both  led  to  in* 
sanity,-^and  therewith,  strange  to  say, 
this  great  incarnation  of  the  "  beastly** 
died  a  natural  death  I  So  strange  are 
all  things  in  the  land  of  the  Cxars  I 

In  the  person  of  his  son  and  successor 
Feodor  L,  ended  the  line  of  Ruric. 
Boris,  the  brother-in-law  of  Feodori 
and  murderer  of  Demetrius,  Feodor*s 
brother,  was  elected  Czar  after  the 
death  of  the  son  of  Ivan  IV.  His  dis- 
astrous reign  was  followed  by  the  more 
disastrous  one  of  his  son,  Feodor  11., 
who  was  ultimately  strangled,  and  his 
place  taken  by  a  monk,  who  is  known 
as  the  false  Demetrius,  and  who  met 
the  fate  he  had  inflicted  on  his  prede- 
cessor. Under  the  reign  of  the  suc- 
cessor of  the  pseudo-Demetrius,  Vassili, 
Russia  was  torn  by  insurrection  and 
famine.  To  make  confusion  worse 
confounded,  the  Poles  swept  over  the 
country,  destroyed  every  tbing  before 
them,  reigned  over  ruin,  and  that  with 
such  unexampled  tyranny,  that  the 
nation  rose,  drove  them  out,  and  chose 
for  their  Czar,  Michael,  the  first  sove- 
reign of  the  present  dynasty— of  the 
house  of  Romanof.  The  new  Czar 
created  his  father  Patriarch  of  the 
Greek  Church  in  Russia,  and  chose  for 
his  wife  the  daughter  of  a  man  who 
was  ploughing  in  the  fields  when  the 
information  reached  him  that  he  was 
father-in-law  of  the  Czar.  Nicholas, 
therefore,  has  no  claim  to  sneer  at  the 
marriage  of  Louis  Napoleon  with  the 

5randdaughter  of  Air.  Fitzpatriok. 
'he  first  Romanof  made  a  worse  choioe, 
and  he  gained  power  by  the  same 
means  as  that  which  raised  the  present 


352 


Traits  of  the  Czars, 


[April, 


Emperor  of  the  French  to  the  throne 
— popular  election. 

Michael  Komanof  was  elected  in 
1613,  and  thirty-two  years  afterwards 
he  lefl  the  throne  to  Alexis,  the  father 
of  Peter  the  Great  (by  a  second  mar- 
riage). He  was  succeeded  by  Feodor 
IIL,  a  son  by  his  first  wife ;  but  his 
sister  Sophia  and  Prince  Galitzin 
ruled,  while  he  contentedly  slumbered. 
Then  came  the  half-brothers,  Ivan  and 
Peter  conjointly.  The  latter  could 
endure  no  rival  like  Ivan,  still  less  a 
superior  like  Sophia.  He  accordingly 
dethroned  the  first,  sent  the  latter  to 
a  monastery,  and  destroyed  the  nu- 
merous body  of  Strelitzes,  who  had 
espoused  her  cause.  There  was  one 
exception  to  the  universal  massacre  of 
these  men,  which  will  be  interesting 
to  those  who  remember  the  name  of 
Nicholases  late  envoy  to  Vienna.  When 
the  Strelitzes  who  had  not  been  assas- 
sinated were  being  judicially  executed, 
they  were  called  by  name,  one  after 
the  other,  to  the  block.  At  length  the 
turn  came  of  a  youthful  soldier,  named 
Orel.  He  boldly  advanced,  and  as  the 
heads  of  his  comrades  impeded  his  way 
to  the  block,  he  put  them  aside  with 
his  feet,  saying,  "Make  room,  com- 
rades, I  am  coming  to  ioin  you."  His 
boldness  won  him  nis  life,  and  Peter, 
ennobling  his  name  of  Orel  (i.e.  Eagle) 
by  an  additional  syllable,  ultimately 
bestowed  on  him  the  dignity  which  is 
now  worn  by  his  descendant.  Count 
Orloff. 

Peter  was  perhaps  the  greatest  of 
the  Czars  of  tne  sixth  period ;  but  the 
details  of  his  story  are  too  well  known 
to  need  recapitulation.  I  will,  how- 
ever, notice  now  he  bore  himself  in 
that  invasion  of  Turkey  in  1712,  from 
which  he  escaped  in  a  condition  which, 
bad  as  it  was,  will,  it  is  to  be  hoped, 
be  envied  by  his  imitator,  Nicholas. 

The  triumph  of  the  Czar  Peter  over 
the  King  of  Sweden  at  Pultowa,  was 
the  full  revenge  for  a  blunder  and  a 
crime  committed  by  Charles.  The 
latter  had  received  a  Livonian  depu- 
tation, at  the  head  of  which  was  an 
officer  named  Patkul.  The  object  of 
the  deputation  was  to  shew  the  grie- 
vances under  which  Livonia  was  suf- 
fering. Charles  XII.  received  the 
members  graciously,  and  complimented 
Patkul  on  his  patriotic  franKness.  A 
few  days  after  the  subject  assumed  a 
2 


difierent  aspect  in  his  capricious  eyes, 
and  the  Livonian  was  then  proclaimed 
by  him  as  a  traitor.  Patkul  escaped, 
and  entered  the  service  of  the  Czar. 
In  this  act  there  was  no  disloyalty  to 
Charles,  for  Patkul,  as  a  free  Livonian, 
had  a  perfect  right  to  select  his  own 
master.  That  master  subsequently 
employed  him  in  a  matter  of  diplomacy 
at  the  court  of  that  unclean  and  infa- 
mous monster — Augustus  of  Poland. 
The  Livonian  was  there  under  the 
sacred  character  of  ambassador ;  but 
Augustus  fiung  him  over  to  the  mad 
cruelty  of  Charles,  as  soon  as  the  latter 
thought  proper  to  demand  him.  The 
insane  Swede  sat  down  and  wrote  the 
doom  of  his  victim ;  and  by  virtue  of 
this  royal  document,  Patkul  was  broken 
on  the  wheel,  and  subsequently  quar- 
tered. All  humanity  cried  shame ! 
upon  the  perpetrator  of  a  deed  the  chief 
guilt  in  which  attaches  to  that  crowned 
and  cowardly  brute — Augustus. 

Peter,  who  was  especially  incensed 
at  this  tragedy,  was  avenged,  though 
not  appeased,  by  the  victory  at  Pul- 
towa, and  the  conquest  of  lliga  and 
the  Livonian  provinces.  Charles,  after 
the  loss  of  that  bloody  day,  took  sanc- 
tuary and  scanty  charity  at  the  hearth 
of  the  Sultan.  Chafed  and  moody,  he 
nursed  his  wrath  at  Bender,  where,  in 
return  for  the  small  allowance  and  not 
over  candy-ed  courtesy  he  met  with 
from  the  head  of  Islamism,  he  stirred 
up  the  latter  to  a  most  uncomfortable 
consciousness  of  the  dangers  which  the 
Ottoman  empire  would  now  incur  were 
the  triumphs  of  Russia  to  be  unchecked. 
The  suggestions  of  Charles  were  ren- 
dered of  double  importance  by  those 
made  in  similar  spirit  by  the  Khan  of 
the  Crimean  Tartars,  whom  Peter 
threatened  to  devour ;  and  when  the 
Swedish  envoy,  Poniatowski,  repre- 
sented in  fuller  details  to  the  Divan 
the  perils  which  menaced  Turkey  from 
the  side  of  Russia,  the  Turks,  in  a 
mingled  fever  of  fear  and  fury,  called 
out  for  "  war  against  those  red  barba- 
rians," whom  a  cunningly-devised  pro- 
phecy had  held  up  to  their  hatred  and 
terror,  from  the  moment  that  the 
crescent  shone  out  in  triumph  over 
the  double-necked  eagle,  which  proudlj 
symbolized  the  empire  of  the  Greeks. 

Peter  was  as  unjust  in  his  quarrel 
with  Turkey  as  the  Czar  Nicholas  is 
now;  and  Turkey  has  been  no  lei9 


1854.] 


Traits  of  the  Czars. 


d5d 


prompt  in  her  warlike  declarations 
than  she  was  then ; — save,  indeed,  on 
one  point,  her  treatment  of  the  Russian 
envoy  in  Constantinople.  When  the 
Sultan  declared  war  against  Peter,  he 
immediately  shut  up  Peter's  repre- 
sentative in  the  Castle  of  the  Seven 
Towers.  Count  Tolstoy,  it  may  be 
added,  deserved  such  a  fate  much  less 
than  I?rince  Menschikoff  on  a  more 
recent  occasion,  whose  arrogance  was 
the  more  lively  as  he  knew  that  the 
severity  of  the  old  Ottoman  code  of 
manners  was  more  somnolent  than  of 
yore. 

The  arrangements  made  by  Peter 
for  the  campaign  contrast  favourably 
with  the  blundering  tactics  which 
hitherto,  at  least,  have  only  earned 
disgi'ace  for  the  Russian  arms  on 
the  Turkish  frontier.  Moldavia  was 
•marched  upon  by  a  force  under  Prince 
Galitzin  ;  and  a  second,  under  Marshal 
Sheremetof,  advanced  on  the  same 
point.  The  land  forces  at  Azoph  and 
on  the  shores  of  the  Black  Sea,  and 
the  fleets  near  the  former  and  on  the 
waters  of  the  Euxine,  were  under  the 
supreme  command  of  one  man.  Ad- 
miral Aprixin.  It  was  the  most  singu- 
lar and  the  most  faulty  of  Peter's 
arrangements.  In  this  respect  Nicholas 
has  excelled  his  predecessor. 

Peter,  as  he  sat  at  supper  the  night 
before  he  left  Moscow,  had  with  him 
two  friends  and  counsellors,  both  of 
whom  had  sprung  from  the  lowest  of 
stations  by  power  of  the  sweetest  of 
voices.  One  was  Menzikoff,  who  called 
"  hot  pies,"  with  so  melodious  a  note 
in  the  streets  of  Moscow,  that  Peter 
was  won  by  the  tone  as  well  as  the 
wares  of  the  illiterate  peasant  pastry- 
cook from  the  banks  of  the  Volga. 
He  bade  tlic  lad  renounce  his  calling, 
sent  him  to  school,  and  finally  made  of 
him  what  the  Duke  of  Parma  (when 
he  absents  himself  from  his  duchy) 
ever  makes  of  his  old  groom,  Jem 
Ward — regent  of  his  dominions.  Peter 
left  Menzikoir  at  the  head  of  allairs  at 
St.  Petersburg,  while  the  senate  of 
regency  was  established  at  Moscow. 
The  other  friend  of  Peter  was  a  woman, 
who,  in  her  Swedish  obscurity,  was 
known  by  the  name  of  Martha.  The 
widow  of  a  Swedish  Serjeant,  she  had 
been  captured  at  the  siege  of  Magde- 
burg by  General  Jiauer.  The  epi- 
011  roan  general  placed  his  prisoner  at 

(4fnt.  Mag.  Vol.  XL  I. 


the  head  of  his  culinary  department, 
where  her  ability  attracted  the  com- 
mendations of  Menzikoff,  who  subse- 
quently introduced  her  to  the  Czar. 
She  was  as  ignorant  of  letters  as  the 
handle  of  one  of  her  own  saucepans ; 
and,  though  she  was  far  from  impe- 
rially beautiful,  she  was  pretty,  viva- 
cious, full  of  grace  of  motion,  and 
with  that  gift  which  Shakspeare  and 
Luther  praised  as  highly  as  Peter  loved 
it, — namely,  a  soft  and  sweet  voice, 
"  an  excellent  thing  in  woman!"  Peter 
had  privately  married  this  heroine, 
who,  on  being  made  an  honest  woman, 
assumed  the  names  of  Catharine- 
Alexina.  They  had  now  been  married 
four  years,  and  Peter,  before  setting 
out  to  the  Pruth,  made  public  decla- 
ration of  their  union.  General  Bauer's 
cook  was  Czarina  of  Muscovy,  and 
though  she  could  neither  read  nor 
write,  she  had  as  much  sense  of  the 
strong  common  sort  as  half-a-hundred 
princesses  who  could  do  both. 

Strong  sense  and  a  sweet  voice : 
with  these  charms  she  soothed  the 
savage  nature  of  Peter,  and  brought 
the  imperial  Cymon  sighing  to  the  feet 
of  the  novel  Iphigenia.  But  Peter  was 
not  like  the  swain  who  "  whistled  as 
he  went  for  want  of  thought ;"  he  was 
not  a  "  fool  of  nature,"  and  he  needed 
something  more  than  a  nymph  to  curb 
the  devil  in  him.  Catharine  was  the  pre- 
cise person  fitted  for  the  task.  She  could 
be  coarse  of  speech  and  as  unrefined  in 
manner  as  her  lord  ;  but  she  ever  kept 
under  dominion  what  he  was  constantly 
allowing  to  get  the  dominion  over  him 
— namely,  her  wits.  Peter  was  for 
ever  losing  his,  and,  when  this  occurred, 
Catharine  told  him  of  his  short-comings 
with  a  candour  which  brought  down 
upon  her  a  torrent  of  abuse,  and  then 
her  persuasive  voice  musically  wooed 
her  abuser  to  a  confession  of  error,  and 
expressions  of  sorrow  for  fierce  un- 
cleanliness  of  language.  The  might  of 
her  magic  consisted  in  this,  that  she 
never  lost  her  temper ;  the  helplessness 
of  the  terrible  Czar  was  to  be  found  in 
the  opposite  fact  that  he  not  only  lost 
his  temper,  but  therewith  became  en- 
tirely oblivious  of  himself.  The  odds 
were  all  on  the  lady's  side. 

The  Czarina  was  resolved  to  accom- 
pany the  Czar  in  this  great  expedition, 
of  which  the  present  presence  of  the 
Muscovites  between  the  Pruth  and  the 

2Z 


354 


Traits  of  the  Cxars, 


[April, 


Danube  ie  bufc  the  logical  sequence. 
Peter  was  rejoiced  to  possess  so  noble 
an  aide-de-camp  at  his  side;  and 
though,  as  difficulties  arose  in  his  path 
and  sufferings  heavily  fell  upon  him, 
he  counselled,  or  feigned  to  counsel, 
her  return  to  safely,  her  indignant 
tears,  her  vehement  prayers,  her  witch - 
ins  looks,  and  her  most  irresistible  of 
voices  won  a  no  very  reluctant  consent 
from  the  Czar,  too  delighted  to  consent 
that  she  should  continue  to  share  with 
him  in  triumph  or  defeat. 

The  position  of  Russia  with  respect 
to  foreign  nations,  when  this  invasion 
of  Turkey  was  resolved  upon,  was,  in 
many  pomts  of  view,  very  similar  to 
that  in  which  the  same  power  stands 
at  this  moment.  Russia  had,  as  the 
friend  of  order,  demanded  the  alliance 
of  other  nations ;  but  the  latter, 
strongly  convinced  of  her  mendacity 
and  dishonesty,  either  stood  openly 
hostile,  or  "  hostilely  neutral."  Peter 
won  over  the  King  of  Poland  to  his 
side,  but  the  Polish  diet  patriotically 
paralysed  their  servile  and  disgraceful 
King.  The  Czar  had  excited  Moldavia 
to  revolt,  just  as  Nicholas,  who  pro- 
fesses to  hate  revolutions,  has  invoked 
insurrections  in  Greece  to  embarrass 
the  Turks,  in  Spain  and  in  France  to 
give  Louis-Napoleon  occupation  at 
home ;  and  as  he  probably  would  do 
in  England,  but  that,  with  a  foe  before 
us.  Englishmen  know  but  one  party, 
and  care  but  for  one  object — the  honour 
and  interests  of  their  country.  Peter 
had  the  good  grace  not  to  disclaim 
extension  of  conquest.  Nicholas  has 
won  for  himself  everlasting  infamy  by 
making  a  disclaimer  which  belies  and 
is  belied  by  his  acts.  At  the  very  mo- 
ment when  the  present  Czar  informed 
those  "Friends,"  who  were  made  to 
look  in  the  eyes  of  every  man  in  St. 
Petersburg  as  the  delegates  of  the 
whole  English  people,  imploring  at  the 
footstool  of  Nicholas  that  he  would 
vouchsafe  to  grant  that  people  peace, 
— when  he  assured  them,  by  his  soul, 
by  his  honour,  that  he  abhorred  war, 
and  had  no  intention  to  make  or  to 
keep  any  territorial  conquests — the 
Austrian  papers  were,  at  the  same' 
moment ,  publishing  to  the  world  the 
propositions  which  ne  had  made  to  the 
ceurt  of  Vienna,  by  Count  Orloff,  and 
which  were  to  the  effect  that  if  Austria 
and  Prussia   united  with  him,  their 


claims  should  be  considered  when,  at 
the  close  of  the  war,  the  redistribution 
of  the  Turkish  dominions  should  come 
under  discussion.  He  thought  to  allure 
them  by  the  tempting  iniquity  of  a 
new  partition -treaty.  It  was  Jonathan 
Wild  inveigling  Blueskin  to  burglary 
by  offering  a  share  of  the  plunder,  but 
intending  to  cheat  his  confederate  when 
the  coveted  booty  was  acquired. 

Well,  Peter  was  grievously  disap- 
pointed by  the  failure  of  the  outbreak 
m  Moldavia.  Cantemir,  the  Christian 
Yaivode  there,  had  organised  a  revolt, 
and  his  confederate,  the  Bishop  of  Je- 
rusalem, had  blessed  the  attempt  to 
make  of  Moldavia  an  independent  mo- 
narchy, with  Demetrius  Cantemir  for 
king,  under  the  protection  of  the  Czar. 
Brancovan,  Vaivode  of  Wallachia,  had 
engaged  to  strike  in  on  the  same  side, 
but  this  treasonable  bubble  explodedf 
although  Russia  did  her  very  utmost 
to  keep  it  afloat.  Brancovan  dis- 
covered that  Cantemir*8  proiects  were 
influenced  by  the  most  selfish  motivei 
— and,  moreover,  the  Christian  popula- 
tions of  the  two  provinces  could  not 
be  induced  to  follow  their  local  chiefs 
in  the  path  of  treason ;  they  remained 
stanch  adherents  to  the  Turkish  cause, 
and  served  the  Sultan  bravely.  As 
for  the  Bishop,  he  fled ;  and  had  the 
utmost  difficulty  to  preserve  his  head 
upon  his  shoulders  during  his  flight. 
More  than  once,  his  pursuers  were  in- 
conveniently close  to  him,  but  he  at 
length  found  safety,  and  Russia  had 
to  mourn,  as  she  does  now,  over  agents 
who  had  been  detected,  and  treason 
that  had  been  rendered  abortive. 

The  forces  of  the  respective  armies, 
their  tactics,  and  the  characteristics  of 
their  leaders,  present  themselves  to  us 
in  strong  contrast  with  the  armies, 
discipline,  and  officers  of  the  present 
time.  The  ex -woodcutter,  Baltaji 
Mehemet,  ultimately  crossed  the  Da- 
nube at  the  head  of  100,000  men.  The 
army  of  Peter  was  numerically  greater 
by  thirty  thousand;  but  his  forces 
were  scattered,  and  not  more  than 
fortv  thousand  were  collected  under 
his  banner.  Both  armies  were  directed 
towards  one  point,  Jassy.  Baltaji,  the 
old  woodcutter  in  the  courts  of  the 
Seraglio,  led  his  men  along  the  bank 
of  the  Pruth,  and  in  the  coarse  of  his 
march  he  despatched  a  Polish  eovoy, 
Poniatowski,  to  Charles,  at  Bendm*, 


1854.] 


Traits  of  the  CMars* 


855 


inviting  him  to  pay  a  visit  to  the 
Turkish  camp.  Cfharles,  when  at  the 
height  of  his  power,  cared  very  little 
for  etiquette,  but  in  the  days  of  his 
adversity  he  refused  to  sacrifice  the 
rights  of  his  royal  dignity,  and  he 
angrily  insisted  on  the  woodcutter  first 
making  a  visit  of  homage  to  the  King 
of  Sweden.  Baltaji  smiled  at  the  re- 
quest, struck  his  tents,  and  passed  on, 
much  more  desirous  of  circumventing 
Marshal  Sheremetoff,  who,  with  a 
large  force,  was  to  the  south  of  Jassy, 
than  of  visiting  a  crownless  and  cho- 
leric king.  The  latter  would  probably 
have  had  a  more  unwelcome  visitor  at 
Bender,  in  the  person  of  the  Czar  and 
his  wild  hordes,  had  not  the  Khan  of 
Crimea,  with  hordes  as  wild,  watched 
the  residence  and  cared  for  the  safety 
of  the  downcast  Swede. 

The  march  of  Peter  upon  Jassy  was 
slowly  effected,  and  with  great  at- 
tendant suffering.  Swarms  of  locusts 
had  entirely  destroyed  the  herbage  by 
the  way,  and  the  supplies  of  water 
were  miserably  inefficient.  Tlie  courage 
of  the  Russ  was,  however,  supported 
by  the  example  of  the  Czarina,  who 
not  only  suffered  in  common  with  the 
soldiery,  but  lent  solace  to  her  fellow - 
sufferers.  She  was  in  her  sphere  in 
such  a  scene.  It  was  not  the  first  time 
she  had  followed  the  drum,  and  no 
"cantiniere"  was  more  prompt  to 
succour  and  gentle  in  administering 
than  Catharine,  when  the  sick  and  the 
hungry  called  for  aid.  She  and  the 
army  generally  looked  to  Jassy  as  at 
once  their  granary  and  resting-place ; 
but,  when  they  had  reached  that  long- 
desired  fortress  of  their  hopes,  the  fa- 
mished invaders  found  scarcely  enough 
therein  to  furnish  them  with  one  day's 
provisions.  Thereupon,  the  word  "  for- 
ward" was  given,  and  the  famished 
Russians  staggered  on  towards  the 
Pruth,  in  sight  of  which  they  arrived 
on  the  18th  of  June,  1712.  Here  they 
were  worse  off  than  ever.  The  Turks 
had  crossed  the  river  before  the  Mos- 
covite  banner  was  in  sight,  and  two 
hundred  thousand  men,  for  to  such 
number  was  the  Osmanli  levy  swollen 
by  the  Tartar  re-inforcements,  now 
stood  ready  to  shower  down  upon  Peter 
the  storm  of  shot  and  steel  which  he 
frantically  strove  to  turn  aside.  He 
was  in  the  most  critical  position  from 
the  very  first,  and  it  is  very  clear  that 


his  perils  afforded  no  warning  to  the 
Russian  generals,  who,  with  less  fatal 
results,  nearly  fell,  in  the  early  part  of 
the  present  campaign,  into  a  somewhat 
similar  position.  Peter  beheld  on  one 
side  of  the  river  the  hostile  camp  of 
the  Crimean  Tartars,  while,  on  the 
other,  the  main  body  of  the  Turkish 
forces  had  so  manoeuvred  as  to  cut  off 
his  retreat  upon  Jassy.  He  attempted 
to  procure  a  little  water  from  the  river 
to  refresh  his  men,  who  were  not  only 
weak  from  hunger,  but  half-mad  from 
thirst.  The  Turkish  artillery,  how- 
ever, was  so  directed  that  no  drawer  of 
water  approached  the  bank  without 
certain  loss  of  life. 

The  Czar*s  resolution  was  at  once 
formed.  He  shaped  his  force  into  one 
grand  hollow  square,  against  which  the 
Turkish  masses  flung  themselves  like 
surge  upon  the  rocks,  falling  back  with 
broken  crests.  It  was  solely  owing  to 
the  bad  training  of  the  Turkish  officers 
that  the  Russian  square  was  not  en- 
tirely annihilated.  And,  it  may  be 
added,  that  if  the  training  be  some- 
what better  now,  which  is  very  ques- 
tionable so  far  as  the  greater  number 
of  the  officers  is  concerned,  the  method 
of  instruction  is  as  distasteful  to  these 
gentlemen  as  ever.  In  proof  of  this, 
it  is  only  necessary  to  cite  an  incident 
noticed  very  recently  by  the  "Own 
Correspondent"  of  the  Times*  The 
European  drillers  of  the  Turks  were 
generally  called  "advisers,"  though 
seldom  listened  to.  "  A  Hungarian 
cavalry  officer,"  writes  the  Correspon- 
dent, "  was  not  long  since  in  this 
position,  as  drill-instructor.  Afler  a 
week  or  two  of  drill  the  Turkish  officers 
assembled  in  a  body,  and  represented 
to  the  Hungarian  that  the  trouble  and 
work  of  European  drill  were  intolerable. 
'  If  you  persevere  in  this,'  said  they, 
'  we  will  intrigue  at  Constantinople, 
and  cause  your  removal.  Sit  down, 
like  a  sensible  man,  and  smoke  your 
pipe  in  peace.  Why  should  you  tor- 
ment yourself  and  us  ?*  *  What  could 
I  do  ?  said  the  Hungarian  to  a  friend 
of  mine,  *  I  can't  afford  to  lose  the 
pay  ;  so  I  submitted,  as  others  do.*  A 
Russian  officer,  now  a  prisoner  at  the 
seraskierate  here,  observes,  *  that  every 
Turkish  soldier  should  have  a  decora- 
tion of  brilliants,  and  that  every  officer 
deserved  the  bastinado.'"  By  such 
officers  were  the  Turks  led  in  the  last 


356 


Traits  of' the  Czars. 


[April, 


century.  On  that  occasion,  by  the 
Pruth,  they  were  so  deplorably  igno- 
rant that  they  kept  assailing  the  Russian 
square  on  one  side  only,  so  that  Peter 
was  enabled  to  maintain  a  continu- 
ally repaired  front.  During  three  - 
whole  days  was  this  terrific  and  un- 
equal contlict  kept  up;  nor  did  the 
Muscovite  discipline  quail  for  a  mo- 
ment before  the  furious  onslaught  of 
the  unnumbered  foe.  At  the  end  of 
the  third  day  the  Russians'  powder  was 
exhausted  ;  the  men  stood  with  empty 
pouches  and  firelocks  before  the  well- 
provided  enemy.  Peter  was  like  an 
ungovernable  wild  beast  in  the  awful 
fury  of  his  wrath ;  and  in  his  despair 
he  had  well  nigh  lost  all  by  ordering 
his  now  diminished  army  to  lower 
bayonets  and  at  their  point  force  its 
way  though  the  hostile  force,  which 
hoped  for  nothing  better  than  such  de- 
livery of  such  a  prey,  liut  he  saw  that 
such  an  attempt  might  involve  the  en- 
tire loss  of  the  army,  the  Czarina,  and 
himself.  In  the  acute  agony  of  his 
despairing  irresolution  he  shut  himself 
up  m  his  tent,  within  the  square,  and, 
flmging  off  all  self-control,  he  so 
abandoned  himself  to  tlie  tempest  of 
his  rage  that  he  at  length  rolled  on  the 
ground  in  frightful  convulsions.  He 
had  sternly  forbidden  the  access  of 
Catharine  to  him,  on  pain  of  death ; 
but  when  he  opened  his  eyes,  and  reason 
again  dawned  upon  him,  the  Czarina 
was  at  his  side.  His  first  impulse  was 
to  strike  her,  but  she  whispered  the 
word  *'  negotiation ;  "  and  this  hitherto 
unthought-of  means  of  escape  fell  so 
suddenly,  yet  so  refreshingly,  upon  the 
chafed  mind  of  Peter,  that  the  strong 
man  was  changed,  and  he  wept  more 
like  a  child  than  a  hero — except  indeed 
a  Greek  hero,  who  was  generally  weep- 
ing when  he  was  not  lying,  and  was 
sometimes  doing  both. 

Peter  refused,  however,  to  interfere 
personally  in  this  matter.  He  would 
not  allow  his  name  to  be  employed ; 
but  Catharine  had  wit  enough  to  do 
without  him,  and  succeeded  the  better 
for  being  left  to  herself.  She  sent  the 
usual  presents  to  the  wood-cutting 
vizier,  furs  and  jewels, — customary  ad- 
ditions to  give  weight  to  a  request  for 
an  audience.  The  letter  of  request  was 
written  by  Marshal  Sheremetof,  and  a 
gift  of  good  solid  gold  was  addressed 
to  the  kiaja.    The  night  wore  heavily 


on  while  the  messengers  were  absent; 
the  day  dawned,  the  attack  was  not 
sei'iously  resumed ;  but  still  no  herald 
brought  the  answer  of  the  Turk.  To 
remam  in  doubt  was  worse  than  to 
know  the  worsts  and  Peter  toould  be 
doing  rather  than  remain  inactive,  a 
prey  to  his  inquietude.  His  activity 
tooK  an  originally  heroic  form.  He  sat 
down  and  penned  a  letter  to  the  Senate 
at  Moscow ;  but  in  his  beleaguered  con- 
dition there  was  little  use  m  confiding 
it  to  a  bearer,  who  must  inevitably,  as 
it  would  appear,  be  captured  or  slain. 
The  letter  was  written,  nevertheless, 
and  it  was  to  this  effect — 

I  have  to  announce  to  you  that,  victim 
of  false  information,  and  from  no  error  of 
my  own,  I  am  now  beleaguered  in  my 
camp  by  a  Turkish  force  which  is  four 
times  more  numerous  than  that  at  my  com- 
mand. We  are  without  provisions,  and 
assault,  captivity,  and  death  are  immineat, 
unless  Heaven  vouchsafes  assistance  by 
means  unknown  to  ourselves.  If  to  be  a 
captive  to  the  Turks  should  be  my  fate, 
cease  from  that  moment  and  until  you  be- 
hold me  again  to  consider  me  as  your 
Czar ;  disregard  all  orders  brought  in  my 
name,  and  care  as  little  for  those  which 
may  appear  to  bear  my  sign-manual.  But 
I  may  be  doomed  to  die  in  this  place :  if 
such  be  my  destiny,  and  you  receive  well- 
authenticated  proof  thereof,  proceed  at 
once  to  elect  my  successor,  choosing  the 
most  worthy  from  among  yourselves. 

A  soldier  boldly  volunteered  to  carry 
this  missive  to  the  Senate ;  and,  when 
he  left  the  Czars  quarters  with  the 
document  safely  bestowed  about  him, 
Peter,  who  was  sometimes  enthusias- 
tically pious,  solemnly  prayed  that  Grod 
would  speed  the  bearer  on  his  way. 
He  arrived  safely  in  about  nine  days. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Vizier  vouch- 
safing no  reply  to  the  application  made 
to  him  for  an  audience  preparatory  to 
negotiation,  a  council  of  war  was  held, 
at  which  Catharine  was  present.  The 
conclusion  there  arrived  at  took  the 
form  once  more  of  a  unanimous  re- 
solve that,  should  the  Vizier  demand 
unconditional  surrender,  the  Russians 
would  cut  their  way  through  the  Turk- 
ish army,  or  perish  in  the  attempt. 
This  resolution  having  been  agreed  to, 
the  army  waited  in  sdent  observation 
of  its  great  antagonist;  and  the  latter 
now  soon  terminated  the  suspense  bj 
most  inexplicably  consenting  to  an  im- 
mediate md  mutual  suspension  of  ariiif« 


1854.] 


Traits  of  the  Czars, 


357 


According  to  the  terms  sent  in  by 
Baltaji  Mehemet,  Peter  was  re((uired 
to  deliver  to  the  sentence  of  the  Sultan 
the  traitorous  Christian  subject  of  the 
latter,  Cantemir  Vaivode  of  Moldavia, 
who  had  fought  against  the  Osmanlis 
in  the  ranks  of  the  Russians.  Peter 
exhibited  true  heroism  on  this  occa- 
sion, replying  to  the  request,  that  he 
would  prefer  abandoning  to  the  Turks 
all  the  territory  extending  even  to 
Cursk,  rather  than  betray  Cantemir. 
"  I  might  regain  the  territory,"  said 
the  Czar,  "  but  lost  honour  is  like  lost 
time — it  is  never  again  to  be  recovered. 
All  I  have  is  my  honour ;  losing  that, 
I  lose  my  kingly  state."  Baltaji  yielded 
on  this  point ;  but  he  was  not  content 
with  merely  drivinp:  the  Russ  back  to 
his  own  steppes.  He  compelled  him  to 
surrender  Azoph,  Taganrog,  and  other 
important  points,  the  chief  of  which 
were  connected  with  Peter's  darling 
project  of  supreme  maritime  power  on 
the  Black  Sea.  When  these  and  some 
other  bitter  sacrifices  were  made — and 
the  fact  should  be  remembered  when 
the  hour  comes  for  negotiating  with 
Nicholas,  a  treaty  was  signed  by  the 
two  powers  at  the  little  village  of 
Falksen,  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
Pruth. 

Peter  died  in  17*25,  and,  the  son 
Alexis  whom  his  cruelty  destroyed 
being  dead,  his  wife  Catharine  suc- 
ceeded to  a  greatness  which  she  glo- 
riously upheld  during  a  brief  period  of 
little  more  than  two  years. 

I  have  scarcely  space  left  to  show 
how  the  House  of  Brunswick  came  to 
rule  in  Russia,  but  will  attempt  to  do 
so  as  well  as  my  narrowing  limits  will 
allow. 

On  the  death  of  Catharine,  the  son 
of  the  unhappy  and  murdered  Alexis 
ascended  the  throne.  His  reign,  how- 
ever, was  unmarked  by  any  incident 
of  importance,  and  his  character,  like 
his  reign,  presented  nothing  worthy  of 
remark.  In  17^30  lie  was  succeeded 
by  the  Empress  Anne,  the  niece  of 
Peter  the  Great,  and  wife  of  the  Duke 
of  Holstein.  All  her  acts,  however, 
were  the  consequences  of  the  influence 
exercised  over  her  by  Biron ;  but  her 
reign  was  marked  by  her  intrigues  in 
Poland,  her  successful  wars  against 
Turkey  and  Turtary,  and  her  unjusti- 
fiable invasion  of  the  Crimea.  Anne 
was  as  much  troubled  about  the  im- 


perial succession  as  our  own  Elizabeth 
was  touching  the  heirship  to  the  crown 
of  England.  At  length  her  eyes  fell, 
most  unfortunately  for  the  object 
looked  at,  upon  the  infant  son  of  the 
Princess  Anne  and  the  Prince  Anthony 
Ulric  of  Brunswick,  brother  of  the 
reigning  Duke.  The  infant  in  ques- 
tion was  at  the  time  but  a  few  weeks 
old;  and  when,  in  1740,  he  became 
Czar  of  all  the  Russias,only  two  months 
rested  on  the  young  brow  selected  to 
wear  a  crown,  which  proved  to  him  to 
be  the  most  exquisite  instrument  of 
torture  that  ever  wrung  anguish  from 
the  frame  and  very  soul  of  man. 

Ivan  HI.  ranks  as  the  most  unfor- 
tunate, and  the  most  undeservedly 
unfortunate,  of  the  Muscovite  Czars. 
He  succeeded  to  the  imperial  throne 
by  right  of  nomination  on  the  part  of 
the  Empress  Anne.  His  mother  was 
appointed  Regent  over  him.  She  had 
a  bosom  friend  in  Elizabeth,  the 
youngest  daughter  of  the  Czar  Peter, 
and  this  bosom  friend  was  incessantly 
occupied  in  plots  to  overthrow  the 
Regent  whom  she  professed  to  love. 
The  latter  was  repeatedly  warned  of 
the  danger  which  menaced  herself  and 
son,  but  she  frankly  communicated 
these  warnings  to  Elizabeth,  and  in  the 
tears,  oaths,  and  protestations  of  that 
very  strongly  professing  lady,  she  dis- 
cerned nothing  but  the  virtuous  elo- 
quence of  much  injured  loyalty.  She 
was  awoke  from  her  dream  of  con- 
fidence when  the  physician  Lestocq, 
on  the  24th  November,  1741,  after 
presenting  Elizabeth  with  a  card  on 
one  side  of  which  she  was  repre- 
sented crowned  and  on  the  other  veiled^ 
and  bidding  the  daughter  of  Peter 
choose  between  a  throne  and  a  convent, 
headed  the  conspiracy  which,  in  a  brief 
hour  or  two,  deposed  the  young  Czar, 
overthrew  the  maternal  Regent,  and 
ended  for  ever  the  dynasty  of  Bruns- 
wick in  all  the  Russias. 

The  fortress  of  Riga  was  the  first  scene 
of  the  imprisonment  of  the  fallen  fa- 
mily, whence,  at  the  end  of  a  year  and 
a  half,  they  were  transferred  to  the 
fortress  of  Dunamunde.  Their  suffer- 
ings were  intense,  and  every  species  of 
cruelty,  short  of  death,  was  inflicted 
on  them.  They  were  subsequently 
transferred  to  Ranienburg,  and  still 
later  to  Cholmegori,  near  Archangel. 
The  little  Ivan  was  separated  from  hi« 


358 


Pil-grimage  to  High  Places, 


[April, 


mother  previous  to  the  last  transfer. 
He  was  shut  up  in  the  Castle  of 
Schlusselburg,  where  he  remained  till 
his  death.  He  never  saw  the  light  of 
day  but  twice  during  this  captivity, 
when  he  was  taken  to  St.  Petersburg, 
that  Elizabeth  might  look  upon  the 
results  of  her  infamous  cruelty.  He 
remained  wholly  uneducated ;  his  mind 
became  shattered  by  constant  seclu- 
sion ;  and,  finally,  on  an  attempt  made 
to  rescue  him,  when  he  was  a  grown 
man,  but  less  than  a  child  in  intellect, 
he  was  murdered  by  his  keepers.  His 
father  died  in  captivity,  but  his  mother 
and  her  other  children  were  not  re- 
leased till  1779,  and  then  on  condition 
of  retiring  to  Jutland,  where  the  last  of 
her  children,  the  Princess  Catharine, 
died  in  1807. 

The  imperious  Elizabeth,  who 
thought  she  compensated  for  her  filthy 
licentiousness  by  never  allowing  a  sen- 
tence of  death  to  be  executed  during 
her  reign,  was  succeeded  by  the  re* 
forming  Peter  HI. ;  and  Peter  by  his 
wife,  the  famous  and  infamous  Catha- 
rine n., — one  who  was  glorious  as  a 
sovereign,  but  the  disgrace  of  woman- 
hood, wno  sat  on  the  throne  surrounded 
by  a  theatrical  splendour,  and  died 
suddenly  on  her  chaise  percSe, — an 
epigrammatic  end  to  the  epic  of  her 
life. 

The  thirty- four  years  of  her  sway, 
from  1762  to  1796,  were  years  in  which 
everything  flourished  in  Russia,  save 
truth,  honesty,  and  virtue.  Her  suc- 
cessor Paul  deserves  to  have  it  remem- 


bered of  him,  that  he  heartily  cursed 
the  partition  of  Poland ;  and  as  K>r  PauVs 
son  Alexander,  who  shared  in  the 
murder  of  his  father,  to  the  extent  at 
least  of  condoning  the  other  assassins, 
he  has  earned  a  sort  of  glittering  repu- 
tation to  which  he  has  no  claim.  He 
professed  moderation  when  to  practise 
tiie  great  vice  of  ambition  was  hardly 
safe  for  him ;  and  he  highly  approved 
of  Bible  Societies  while  he  lived  mopen 
concubinage  with  pseudo-pious  mis- 
tresses under  the  roof  which  sheltered 
his  own  admirable  and  childless  wife. 
The  only  touching  circumstance  that 
gave  light  to  the  worldly  dulness  of 
the  Congress  at  Vienna,  was  one  of 
which  the  beautiful  and  neglected  wife 
of  Alexander  was,  so  to  speak,  the 
heroine.  She  once  encountered  her 
husband*s  children  in  company  with 
their  mother, — her  husband's  mistress ; 
and  she  fell  upon  their  necks  with  a 
frantic  demonstration  of  tenderness 
and  jealousy,  and  gave  utterance  to 
expressions  which  told  the  hearers  that 
the  virtuous  and  afflicted  empress 
envied  the  painted  and  unblushing 
courtezan. 

The  brother  of  Alexander,  the  pre- 
sent Czar  Nicholas,  like  his  predecessor^ 
professed  moderation;  but  during  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been  lay- 
ing the  plans  of  the  great  plot  which 
he  is  now  endeavouring  to  carry  out 
to  success,  and  which  has  made  of  him 
the  enemy  of  the  human  race,  and  the 
outlaw  of  Europe. 

J.  DORAlf. 


PILGRIMAGE  TO  HIGH  PLACES-EINSIEDLEN  IN  SWITZERLAND. 


IT  has  been  a  custom  in  the  great 
systems  of  religion,  to  associate  with 
their  worship  all  that  could  engage  the 
senses,  and  attract  the  imagination. 
In  accord  with  this  principle,  it  has 
been  the  practice,  to  fix  upon  spots 
remarkable  for  some  peculiar  natural 
feature  of  beauty,  or  of  grandeur,  as 
fitting  places  of  devotion.  More  espe- 
cially does  this  apply  to  places  of  pil- 
grimage ;  and  assuredly,  if  there  could 
be  one  thing  more  than  another,  able  to 
dispel  the  clouds  that  worldly  struggles 
cast  over  the  mind,  or  to  restore  it, 
as  well  as  the  body,  to  healthful  yigour. 


it  would  be  a  journey  to  some  dis- 
tant spot.  And  what  more  exhila* 
rating  than  the  mountain?  What  more 
likely  to  induce  the  mind  to  devotional 
fervour  than  its  silent  and  rugged 
grandeur?  This  is  one  reason  whjr 
**  high  places"  have  always  been  marked 
out  as  si  tes  for  such  a  purpose.  Adam*a 
Peak,  in  Ceylon,  is  the  most  remarkable 
of  them  in  connection  with  the  fiad« 
dhist  creed, — perhaps  the  most  re- 
markable in  the  world.  It  is  a  moun- 
tain of  most  singular  formation,  and  its 
terrible  and  dangerous  ascent  doabt« 
less  enhances  the  yalue  of  the  fnlgrim'i 


1864.] 


JSinttedlen  in  Switzerland. 


859 


penance.  At  Monserrat,  in  Spain,  is 
another  most  remarkable  and  singular 
mountain,  scarcely  less  dangerous  of 
ascent,  if  the  pilgrim  would  accomplish 
the  whole  journey ;  but,  as  this  will 
form  a  subject  by  itself,  I  will  at  pre- 
sent leave  it,  and  proceed  to  that  of 
Einsiedlen,  in  Switzerland. 

The  situation  of  Einsiedlen,  though 
less  remarkable  than  the  two  places 
above  mentioned,  is  nevertheless  m  the 
midst  of  some  of  the  finest  scenery  on 
this  side  the  Alps.  It  is  in  the  canton 
Switz,  near  the  lake  of  Zurich,  well 
known  to  autumnal  tourists;  and  its 
history  has  an  interest,  apart  from  other 
matters,  in  connection  with  an  episode 
in  the  early  records  of  the  Reformation, 
and  the  fate  of  one  of  its  most  celebrated 
leaders.  The  word  Einsiedlen  signifies 
Hermitage,  or  rather  Desert;  and  in 
the  Latin  tongue  is  generally  rendered 
** Locus  Heremitarum,"  or  "Locus 
Hererai."  At  an  early  period  the  neigh- 
bourhood had  the  name  of  "finster 
wald,"  or  dark  wood,  and  bears  analogy 
with  that  of  the  Black  Forest  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Rhine,  to  which,  in- 
deed, in  primeval  times  it  was  probably 
united,  forming  part  of  those  vast 
forests  spoken  of  by  Csesar  as  "  Her- 
cynifB  silvte,"  and  said  to  be  nine  days' 
journey  in  extent. 

The  founder  of  the  monastery  of 
Einsiedlen  was  St.  Meinrad,  or  Megin- 
rad,  as  it  is  sometimes  spelt.*  He  was 
born  about  the  year  805  in  Sulghen, 
a  town  of  Suabia;  and  was,  on  his 
father's  side,  of  the  family  of  Hohen- 
zollern  (now  reigning  in  rrussia),  and 
was  also  connected  with  the  noble 
Italian  house  of  Colonna.  His  mother 
was  Countess  of  Sulghen.  He  early 
evinced  his  predilection  for  the  mo- 
nastic life,  and  entered  into  the  order 
of  Benedictines  at  Reichenau.  Hence 
he  was  removed  by  his  superior  to 
BoUinghen,  a  small  monastery  de- 
pendent upon  Reichenau,  situate  at 
the  side  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich.  Here 
he  instructed  his  disciples  with  much 
diligence ;  but  his  heart  yearned  for  a 
retirement  more  absolute,  and  a  life 
of  complete  contemplation.  Looking 
out  from  the  window  of  his  cell,  he 
observed  the  dark  and  gloomy  forest  in 
the  distance.     To  his  eyes  it  looked  a 


place  that  promised  the  desired  silence 
for  his  devout  reveries.  Accordingly, 
one  day  he  crossed  the  lake  with  his 
scholars,  leaving  them'  by  its  side, 
amusing  themselves  with  fishing;  he, 
alone,  ascended  the  summit  of  Mount 
Etzel,  which  had  never  before  been 
accomplished  by  the  woodcutters,  and 
who  represented  to  him  the  great 
danger  to  which  he  would  be  subject 
by  such  an  attempt.  After  having 
well  examined  the  top  of  this  barren 
mountain,  and  finding  it  exactly  suited 
to  his  purpose,  he  descended  with  a 
joyful  heart,  and  went  to  the  village 
of  Altendorf,  where  he  lodged  at  the 
house  of  a  widow. 

This  lady  was  of  a  pious  and  cha- 
ritable character,  and  St.  Meinrad 
therefore  made  her  his  confident  in 
the  project  he  had  in  view,  to  retire 
entirely  from  the  world,  and  to  ^x  his 
abode  m  the  desert  place  he  had  just 
visited.  And  this  was  necessary,  aa 
the  Saint  required  some  one  to  attend 
to  his  worldly  wants, — the  celestial 
alone  occupied,  his  thoughts.  Having 
obtained  the  lady's  consent,  and  a  pro- 
mise of  secresy,  nothing  remained  but 
the  consent  of  his  abbot,  Erlebald, 
which  he  at  length  obtained ;  and  in 
the  year  832,  and  in  the  twenty-fiflh 
of  his  age,  Meinrad  left  the  monastic 
cell  at  BoUinghen  for  the  gloomy  woods 
of  Mount  Etzel.  Here  he  constructed 
a  hut  of  the  trunks  and  branches  of 
trees,  woven  together,  and  the  widow 
of  Altendorf,  faithful  to  her  promise, 
not  only  sustained  him  with  food,  but, 
in  process  of  time,  caused  a  little  cell, 
with  a  chapel,  to  be  erected  for  him  on 
the  mount. 

But  the  news  of  his  sanctity  drew 
towards  him  a  concourse  of  admirers, 
so  much  so,  that  he  contemplated  to 
fly  yet  further  into  the  recesses  of  the 
forest.  He  took  occasion  of  the  visit 
of  some  friends,  to  seek  a  more  suitable 
spot,  and  having  led  them  to  the  little 
river  Sila,  where  they  engaged  them* 
selves  in  fishing,  whilst  at  their  sport,  he 
withdrew,  and  penetrated  the  thickest 
of  the  woods.  By  a  fortunate  chance 
he  came  to  a  little  plain,  surrounded 
and  enclosed  by  barren  mountains, 
whose  sides  were  shaded  by  lofty  pines, 
and  possessing  an  abundant  spring  of 


*  I  have  called  Meinrad  the  founder,  because  it  was  he  who  first  planted  a  cell  upon 
the  spot. 


360 


Pilgrimage  to  High  Places, 


[April, 


water.  Here  he  determined  to  fix  his 
new  sojourn.  He  went  to  his  benefac- 
tress, the  widow  of  Altendorf,  thanking 
her  gratefully  for  the  cell  in  which  he 
had  passed  seven  long  years,  and,  taking 
with  him  his  worldly  goods,  consisting 
of  a  missal,  the  Rule  of  St.  Benedict, 
the  works  of  John  Cassian,  and  some 
homilies,  came  to  his  new  abode.  This 
was  the  place  where  afterwards  arose 
the  famous  monastery  of  Einsicdlen, 
then  called  "Heremum,"  or  the  Desert. 
He  did  not  want  for  friends  in  his 
new  dwelling.  The  most  distinguished 
was  the  Princess  Hildegard,  daughter 
of  the  Emperor  Lodowick  the  Pious, 
and  abbess  of  the  convent  of  Frauen- 
munster.  She  built  him  a  cell,  and  a 
chapel,  which  Meinrad  dedicated  to 
the  Virgin  Mary,  and  placed  in  it  a 
statue  of  the  Virgin,  before  which  he 
kept  a  lamp  continually  burning  He 
again  renewed  his  fasts  and  vigils, 
though  often  tempted  of  the  Pnnce 
of  Darkness,  who  troubled  him  with 
dismal  groanings  in  the  forest,  un- 
natural shades  which  veiled  the  sun, 
and  other  threatening  signs.  But  in 
vain,  for  the  saint  was  comforted  by 
angels,  who  constrained  the  rebellious 
spirits  to  take  flight.  Thus  he  lived 
twenty-six  years,  when  he  met  his 
martyrdom  at  the  hands  of  two  assas- 
sins. These  miscreants  came  to  a  vil- 
lage on  the  lake  of  Zurich,  to  learn  the 
road,  and  by  night  endeavoured  to 
reach  the  dwelling  of  Meinrad;  but, 
having  wandered  auout  in  the  thickets 
and  bushes,  it  was  day-break  before  they 
arrived  at  his  cell.  Some  crows,  that 
the  anchoret  fed  in  this  solitude,  saw 
them  coming,  and  raised  loud  cries, 
which  echoed  through  the  woods  and 
mountains.  The  samt  knew  that  his 
murderers  were  nigh;  he  had  just 
finished  mass,  and  commended  himself 
to  the  saints,  when  he  opened  the  door, 
and,  saluting  them,  invjted  them  into 
his  cell.  They  entered,  but  speedily 
came  out,  keeping  behind  the  saint, 
who  offered  them  bread  and  wine,  told 
them  he  knew  they  were  going  to  kill 
him,  and  requested  that  after  his  death 
they  would  place  a  candle  at  his  head 
and  feet,  which  he  had  for  that  pur- 
pose provided.  One,  named  Richard, 
then  neld  him,  whilst  the  other,  Peter 
by  name,  beat  him  with  a  knotted  staff; 
finally,  he  was  struck  down  by  a  heavy 
blow  on  the  head,  and  then  strangled. 


This  event  took  place  about  the  year 
860. 

The  murderers  were,  however,  dis- 
covered, and  confessed  their  crime; 
and,  by  order  of  Count  Adelbert,  im- 
perial prefect  at  Zurich,  were  burnt 
alive,  and  their  ashes  thrown  into  the 
river  Li  mat.  But  the  body  of  the  saint 
was  taken  to  the  monastery  of  Reiche- 
nau  with  great  honours,  where  it  re- 
mained until  1039,  when  it  was  again 
brought  back  to  Einsiedlen,  and  Mein- 
rad enrolled  among  the  saints. 

The  cell  and  chapel  remained  for 
some  years  deserted,  allowed  to  go 
to  ruin,  and  was  overrun  with  weeds 
and  brambles,  when  in  906  St.  Benno, 
of  the  stock  of  the  princes  of  Bur^ndv, 
became  enamoured  of  the  ascetic  liffe, 
and  desirous  of  emulating  the  fame  of 
the  deceased  Meinrad.  Accordingly, 
he  came  to  the  deserted  place,  restored 
the  chapel,  and  made  additional  habita- 
tions to  the  original  cell ;  and,  by  the  con- 
sent of  the  lord  of  the  domain,  the  Count 
of  Rappersvil,  part  of  the  plain  was 
cleared,  and  the  neighbouring  mountain 
brought  under  culture.  Moreover,  he 
invited  friends  of  like  disposition  to  come 
and  live  there.  Gradually,  by  numerous 
bequests  and  privileges,  the  cells  in- 
creased in  number,  riches,  and  inha- 
bitants. Benno,  however,  afler  living 
there  nineteen  years,  was  elected  bishop 
of  Metz,  in  Lorraine.  Here  troubles 
awaited  him.  Fanatical  tumults  arose 
against  him,  for  reproving  with  too 
much  zeal  the  dissoluteness  of  the 
people.  He  was  thrown  into  prison, 
and  loaded  with  chains ;  and  with  cruel 
barbarity  deprived  of  his  eyes,  amongst 
other  gross  indignities.  It  is  easy  to 
imagine  that  he  sighed  for  the  solitude 
of  his  beloved  Einsiedlen ;  and  after 
resigning  his  episcopal  dignity  at  the 
council  of  Duisburg,  he,  with  joy, 
caused  himself  to  be  conducted  back 
to  the  desert.  Here  he  was  soon  joined 
by  St.  Eberard,  of  the  family  of  the 
Cfounts  of  Franconia,  who  cave  all  his 
wealth  to  the  use  of  the  rismg  monas- 
tery. It  was  now  contemplated  by  the 
solitaries  to  erect  a  large  church,  and 
cloister,  in  honour  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 
St.  Maurice,  and  the  Martyrs  of  the 
Theban  legion  :  and  the  brother  of  St. 
Eberard  bought  the  site  and  the  whole 
demesne  of  the  Counts  of  Rappersvil, 
and  gave  it  to  the  hermits.  Manj 
eminent  persons  became  liberal  bene* 


1854.] 


Einsiedlen  in  Switzerland. 


361 


factors,  and  among  tbeui  the  Empress 
Adelaide,  wife  of  Lothair,  King  of 
Italy,  afterwards  Emperor.  Benno 
died  in  940,  and  was  buried  in  front 
of  the  oratory  of  the  Virgin,  by  his 
friend  Eberard,  who  took  his  place  as 
abbot,  and  appointed  as  his  vicar  and 
coadjutor,  one  Dietland,  a  monk  of 
great  probity. 

The  new  edifices  being  finished,  no- 
thing remained  but  the  consecration ; 
so  in  948  the  abbot  sent  to  Conrad 
bishop  of  Constance,  praying  him  to 
come  and  celebrate  that  sacred  cere- 
mony. He  assented,  and  on  the  13th 
of  September  arrived  at  the  monas- 
tery, and  the  dedication  was  resolved 
on  the  following  day.  Besides  the 
bishop  of  Constance,  Uldaric  bishop 
of  Augsburg  was  invited,  together 
with  many  princes  and  nobles,  at- 
tracted not  less  by  the  sanctity  of  the 
Elace,  than  by  their  consanguinity  to 
Iberard,  and  other  monks.  This  con- 
secration is  the  great  miracle  of  Ein- 
siedlen :  and  to  this  day  its  anniversary 
attracts  a  numerous  multitude  of  pil- 
grims from  all  parts  of  the  neighbour- 
ing countries :  and  it  probably  tended, 
more  than  anything  else,  to  raise  the 
fame  of  the  place,  to  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  of  the  Christian  shrines. 

Conrad,  the  bishop  of  Constance, 
rose,  according  to  his  custom,  at  mid- 
night to  pray ;  and  to  make  his  prayers 
more  grateful  and  acceptable  to  God 
he  entered  into  the  chapel  of  Our 
Lady.  The  writers,  who  relate  the 
story,  do  not  say  the  worthy  bishop 
fell  asleep  over  his  devotions,  but  they 
all  state  ne  had  the  most  beautiful  and 
joyous  vision  that  was  ever  seen. 

When  in  the  midst  of  his  prayer,  the 
sweetest  melody,  as  if  from  a  distance, 
broke  upon  his  ears.  He  soon  compre- 
hended that  this  was  assuredly  sung  by 
angels;  and  that  it  was  the  order,  and 
ceremonies  which  are  appointed  to  be 
observed  in  the  dedication  of  churches. 
The  same  was  heard  by  many  monks, 
who  at  that  time  were  praying,  or 
keeping  the  vigil.  Conrad,  however, 
has  himself  given  the  whole  fact  in 
extenso  in  a  book  entitled  "De  Se- 
cretis  Secretorum,"  and  says, 

The  Lord  descended  from  Heaven  to 
celebrate  the  sacred  office  before  the  altar, 
clothed  in  a  Tiolet-coloured  chasuble ;  the 
four  Evangelists  placing  the  mitre  oo  his 
head,and  displacing  it,  according  to  custom. 

Gent.  Maq.  Vol.  XLI. 


Angels  bore  golden  thuribles,  flapping 
with  their  wings,  as  with  branches  of  trees. 
Close  by,  St.  Gregory  held  the  flabellum 
in  his  hand,  and  St.  Peter  the  pastoral 
staff.  But  St.  August! Q  and  St.  Ambrose 
stood  before  the  Lord.  Mary  the  Virgin 
stood  upon  the  altar  resplendent  as  light* 
ning.  St.  Michael  was  precentor.  St. 
Stephen  read  the  epistle,  the  Blessed  Lau- 
rence the  gospel.  The ''Sanctus"  was 
sung  thus:  *'Sanctu8  Deus,  in  aula  glo- 
riosse  Virginia,  miserere  nobis.  Benedictos 
Marise  filius  in  setemao^  regnaturus  qui 
venit."  The  Agnus  Dei,  thus :  "  Agnus 
Dei,  miserere  vivorum  in  te  credentium, 
miserere  nobis.  Agnus  Dei,  miserere  mor- 
tuorum,  ia  te  pie  quiescentium,  miserere 
nobis.  Agnus  Dei,  da  pacem  vivis  et 
defunctis  in  te  pie  requientibus.  Dominus 
vobiscum.*^  The  angel  answered  :  "  Qui 
sedet  super  Cherubin  et  intuetur  abyssos." 

Thus  far  Conrad  himself;  but  he, 
astounded  at  the  vision,  passed  the 
night,  and  the  following  day,  almost 
until  noon,  in  an  ecstatic  stupor.   The 
consecration  being  thus  delayed,  the 
people  at  length    began    to  be  im- 
patient :  Conrad  tried  to  delay  the  ce- 
remony, by  stating  he  wished  to  await 
other  signs ;  but,  it  being  represented 
to  him  that  noon  beine  near  it  was  too 
late  to  defer  it,  he  related  to  the  pre- 
lates his  vision,  and  gave  it  his  opinion 
that  the  chapel   was  already  conse- 
crated.  But,  however,  some  hesitating 
to  accept  this  view,  and  thinking  it 
might  be   the  bishop's  dream,  occa- 
sioned by  the  fatigue  of  long  praying, 
it  was  tnought  proper  to  proceed  to 
the  ceremony,  on  account  of  the  in- 
creasing impatience  of  the  people.  Ac- 
cordingly they  began  with  the  chapel; 
when,  wonderful  to  say,  a  loud  voice 
was  heard,  three  times  repeating  these 
words :  "  Desist,  desist,  O  brother!  the 
chapel  is  already  divinely  consecrated." 
At  this  prodigy,  the  people  were  seized 
with  a  pious  horror,  and  on  no  account 
would  permit  the  l>isbop  to  proceed 
with  the  ceremony.     Tnen  Conrad, 
with  the  rest  of  the  assembly,  conse- 
crated the  church,  which  surrounded  it, 
as  requested  by  Eberard,  to  the  honour 
of  St.  Maurice  and  his  companions. 
Ever  since  this  time  the  anniversary, 
on  the  fourteenth  of  September,  has 
been  a  grand  festival;  and  if  it  happens 
to  fall  on  a  Sunday,  it  is  extended  to 
fifteen  days,  ending  with  a  procession 
of  the  host,  which  is  generally  carried 
by  some  foreign  prelate,  should  there 

3  A 


362 


Pilgrimage  to  High  Places. 


[April, 


be   one  visiting   the  shrine  at  that 
period. 

The  fame  of  the  shrine  and  monas- 
tery was  now    established;  pilgrims 
became    numerous,    and    their    rich 
offerings   soon  made    the    shrine    as 
wealthy,  as  it  was  famous.    Misfor- 
tunes, however,  were  not  altogether 
removed  from  a  place  so  sacred,  and 
so  favoured.    Several  times,  both  the 
church  and  the  conventual  buildings 
were  destroyed  by  fire.    The  first  in- 
stance occurred  in  1029,  through  the 
carelessness  of  a  servitor  of  the  abbey; 
everything  was  destroyed  but  the  chapel 
of  Our  Lady,  which  in  this,  as  in  all 
other  instances,    escaped  intact.    In 
1226  a  very  destructive  conflagration 
again  took  place,  by  which  a  great 
portion  of  the  rich  offerinffs,  &c.  were 
destroyed,  together  with  valuable  char- 
ters accorded  by  different  princes  and 
prdates.  The  third  was  in  1465,  when 
monastery  and  church  were  reduced  to 
ashes,  the  walls  alone  remaining ;  but 
the  chapel  sustained  not  the  least  hurt, 
although  it  is    said  to  have   had   a 
roof  of  wood :   however,   the   abbot, 
with  the   consent  of  the  bishop   of 
Constance,  had  the   walls   and   roof 
made  of  stone,  which  was  completed 
in  1466,  the  cost  being  defrayed  by 
eleemosynary  gifls  from  noble  and  dis- 
tinguished persons.   Another  fire  hap- 
pened in  1509,  scarcely  less  destruc- 
tive. It  began  at  the  house  of  a  baker, 
and  the  names,  having  ravaged  the 
town  of  EinsiedJen,  at  length  reached 
the  monastery.     Conrad,   the  abbot, 
ran  to  thfe  holy  chapel,  and  there  in- 
voked the  powerful  aid  of  the  Virgin 
Mary.    But  the  flames  stopped  not, 
and  were  on  the  point  of  attacking 
the  chapel  itself,  when  again  Conrad 
rushed  mto  the   place  and  besought 
heavenly  aid,   ''^judiciously  reminding 
the  Virgin,^*  says  one  writer,  "  that  the 
whole  monastery  belonged  to  Aer."  In 
a  moment  the  fury  of  the  fire  abated, 
and  the  church,  abbatial  palace,  and 
many  of  the  monks'  cells,  and  houses  of 
the  chaplains,  were  preserved  unhurt. 
The  fifih  fire  belongs  to  the  history  of 
heresy,  which  now  began  to  show  its 
head,  in  the  very  front  of  this  ancient 
retreat  of  orthoaoxy,  and  from  which 
the  very  threshold  of  the  chapel  itself 
was  not  free. 

It  appears,  that  Conrad,  although 
he  had  done  much  for  the  abbey,  waa 


not  the  man  for  troubled  times.  The 
warning  voice  of  reform  did  not  make 
him  sensible  of  the  evil  of  non-resi- 
dence ;  he  was  fond  of  his  ease,  and, 
like  the  monk  of  Chaucer,  cared  not 
for  the  text  which  says  "that  hunters 
ben  not  holie  men.**  He  appointed  a 
vicar,  one  Barnabas,  of  the  Counts  of 
Saxe,  and  generally  lived  at  St.  Ceroid, 
where  he  passed  his  time  in  the  plea- 
sures of  the  chace,  and  came  but 
now  and  then  to  the  abbey.  At  the 
death  of  Barnabas,  in  1501,  he  ap- 
pointed as  his  successor,  Theobald,  a 
very  young  monk,  sprung  from  lie 
Barons  of  Geroldseck;  and,  finding  his 
inexperience  not  likely  to  be  produc- 
tive of  good,  he  gave  him  a  coadjutor, 
named  John  Ort,  a  secular,  and  his 
secretary.  Now  this  Theobald  ap- 
pointed as  a  helper  to  John  Oechlin, 
the  parish-priest  of  Einsiedlen,  a  very 
infirm  man,  Ulric  Zwingle,  whose 
name  is  so  indissolubly  associated  with 
the  early  history  of  the  Reformation. 

This  active  spirit  soon  made  himself 
conspicuous.  United  with  him  in 
friendship,  were  two  chaplains,  named 
Leo  and  Luke,  together  with  Theobald, 
who  ruled  the  monastery  as  vicar.  It 
was  about  the  year  1518,  that,  at  the 
annual  feast  of  the  Dedication,  Zwingle 
preached  to  the  people  against  indul- 
gences, pilgrimages,  the  worship  of  the 
Virgin,  and  the  other  points  of  dis- 
pute. And  such  was  his  success,  that 
those  who  came  with  gif^s  to  the  shrine, 
returned  home  without  presenting 
them,  and  vowed  to  make  no  more  pil- 
grimages. Even  the  little  town  of 
Einsiedlen  itself,  although  in  a  great 
measure  dependent  on  the  influx  of 
pious  travellers,  fell  awav  from  the  old 
fuith,  and  became  an  aohcrent  of  the 
new  doctrines.  At  length,  Conrad 
heard  of  these  affairs,  and  with  alarmed 
zeal  set  about  repressing  the  evil  which 
had  become  so  threatening.  He  ap- 
plied to  the  senators  of  the  canton 
^witz,  protectors  of  the  monastery,  to 
repress  Zwingle  and  his  followers  by 
force. 

Zwingle  fled  to  Zurich,  and  became 
preacher  in  the  mother  church.  His 
friends  the  chaplains  followed  him,  and 
Conrad  endeavoured  to  strengthen  his 
position  by  obtaining  a  confirmation  of 
privileges  from  Leo  X.  and  the  £m^ 
peror  Maximilian  I.  Theobald  held 
communication  with    Zwingle^    ttid 


1854.] 


Eimiedlen  in  Switze%*land. 


863 


finally  joined  him  at  Zurich  in  1526, 
taking  up  his  residence  in  the  palace 
of  the  abbots  of  Einsiedlcn.  Such  was 
the  desertion,  that  no  monk  remained 
in  the  cloister  but  the  abbot  himself. 
He  had  had  but  two  novices  during  a 
long  rule  of  forty-five  years ;  one  was 
Theobald,  and  the  other  was  in  prison 
for  some  crime.  Among  other  reasons, 
besides  the  spread  of  the  new  opinions, 
for  this  singular  defection,  were  the 
wars  which  the  Swiss  carried  on  for 
liberty  against  the  Emperor  Maximi- 
lian I.  The  old  abbot  endeavoured  to 
recall  to  him  the  fugitive  Theobald, 
but  with  no  avail ;  and  at  length  he 
resigned  his  abbacy  into  the  hands  of 
Lodowick  Blarer,  monk  of  St.  Gall, 
20th  July,  1526,  and  died  on  the  27th 
of  October  in  the  same  year. 

Of  the  Swiss  cantons,  five  adhered 
to  the  Church  of  Rome, — Lucerne, 
Switz,  Unterwald,  Zug,  and  Uri ;  and 
the  struggle  of  opinions  soon  became 
one  of  real  and  bloody  conflict.  The 
Romish  cantons  took  up  arms,  putting 
forward  a  manifesto  in  which  their 
reasons  for  so  doing  were  declared. 
They  appointed  eighteen  widows  of 
the  nve  cantons  to  pray  night  and  day 
in  the  chapel  of  Our  Lady  of  Einsied- 
len,  taking  that  office  by  six  at  a  time 
alternately,  whilst  numerous  proces- 
sions were  made  to  ask  aid  of  the 
Virgin  herself.  Tlie  day  of  battle  was 
come.  The  heretical  army,  so  say  the 
Romanist  historians,  numbered  20,000 
men,  that  of  "  the  Catholics"  but  8,000. 
An  assault  was  made  by  a  column  of 
their  army,  which  proved  singularly 
successful;  for  the  heretics  were  de- 
feated with  a  slaughter  of  2,000;  and 
among  these  were  many  senators  and 
citizens  of  Zurich,  many  priests  who 
had  left  the  fliith  of  Rome,  and  some  of 
whom  had  held  dignities,  but  one  of  the 
most  noted  was  Theobald  of  Gerold- 
seck.  Zwingle  himself  was  in  the  fight ; 
he  did  not  cease  to  encourage  his  party, 
and  behaved  with  a  courage  worthy  of 
his  energetic  spirit.  He,  dso,  the  great 
leader  of  the  cause,  was  mortally 
wounded.  Fearful  of  recognition,  or 
in  his  dying  agony,  he  turned  his  face 
to  the  ground ;  but  was  recognised  by 
a  soldier  of  the  enemy,  who  urged  him 
to  confess.  Zwingle,  unable  to  speak, 
shook  his  head  in  refusal.  *^  At  least 
invoke  the  aid  of  God  and  the  Virgin," 
said  the  soldier.    He  waved  him  away, 


when  the  incensed  warrior  immediately 
struck  him  with  a  halbert,  and  so  kiUea 
him  outright.  His  lifeless  body  re- 
ceived those  barbarous  insults,  which 
legislators  have  awarded  to  traitors; 
it  was  cut  into  four  quarters  by  the 
executioner  of  Lucerne,  and  was  after- 
wards burnt,  and  the  ashes  scattered 
to  the  winds  of  heaven. 

The  Reformers  seem  to  have  beea  * 
more  successful  in  debate  than  in  battle, 
for  in  no  less  than  five  actions  thej 
were  signally  defeated,  and,  in  conse- 
quence, the  five  Catholic  cantons  suc- 
ceeded in  saining  over  to  their  side 
Appenzel,  Glarus,  Soleure,  and  Fri- 
burg.  The  Romanist  writers  magnify 
the  numbers  of  the  enemy  to  an  in- 
credible degree,  as  if  to  show  the  value 
of  the  protection  of  Our  Lady  of  Ein- 
siedlcn, to  whom  the  victories  were 
ascribed. 

An  army  assembled  together  from 
some  of  the  chief  towns  of  the  Re- 
formed party,  to  avenge  the  death  of 
Zwingle ;  and  on  the  night  of  the  24th 
of  October,  1531,  a  detachment  ad- 
vanced, without  beat  of  drum,  and 
posted  themselves  on  Mount  Gabel,  a 
few  leagues  from  Einsiedlen.  They 
were  discovered  by  some  scouts  of  the 
opponents,  and  suddenly  attacked  and 

Eut  to  flight  by  a  small  body  of  the 
ttter.  And,  it  is  said,  the  Virgin  her- 
self was  seen,  clothed  in  a  wmte  and 
shining  cloud,  precedinff  the  array  of 
her  faithful  servants.  Other  victories 
in  favour  of  the  orthodox,  and  against 
the  heretics,  are  recorded  with  much 
unction  by  the  former.  It  is  not  neces* 
sary  to  make  mention  of  them  parti- 
cularly ;  but  they  certainlv  had  some 
influence  on  the  fortunes  oi  the  monas- 
tery, as  some  of  the  lands  about  the  lake 
of  Zurich  were  restored  to  it.  Lodo- 
wick, the  abbot,  was  indefatigable  in  his 
attempts  to  raise  the  abbey  from  its 
fallen  state ;  and  at  his  death,  in  1544, 
lefl  four  young  monks  to  carry  out  his 
views. 

The  last  fire  was  in  1577,  and  is  said 
to  have  been  at  the  instigation  of  a 
heretic,  Stoeter  by  name,  wno  induced 
two  vagabonds  to  throw  combustibles 
into  the  houses,  and  with  such  success, 
that  the  town,  and  all  the  conventual 
buildings,  were  destroyed — the  church, 
chapel,  and  relics  bemg  saved.  The 
bells,  ten  in  number,  were  melted, 
except  that  which  called  the  faithful 


364 


Pilgrimage  to  High  Places* 


[April, 


to  the  holy  chapel.  It  fell  from  the 
tower  upon  the  hard  pavement  of  the 
church  without  being  broken,  or  even 
cracked,  which  of  course  was  consi- 
dered a  prodigy,  and  the  result  of 
divine  interposition.  The  instigator  of 
this  crime,  Stoeter,  was  first  tortured 
by  having  his  flesh  torn  from  him  by 
red-hot  pincers,  then  broken  on  the 
wheel;  and  both  those  who  put  his 
idea  into  execution  were  executed. 
The  cantons  of  Switzerland  gave  liberal 
aid  in  restoration,  the  city  of  Berne 
alone  abstaining;  even  the  heretical 
city  of  Zurich  sent,  in  a  most  liberal 
manner,  two  hundred  measures  of  com 
to  the  monastery. 

It  is  not  needful  to  enter  into  the 
particulars  of  the  restoration  of  the 
ruined  buildings.  But  it  was  not  alone 
the  material  portions  of  the  abbey  that 
were  renewed,  for,  by  the  means  of 
great  displays  of  piety  on  the  part  of 
eminent  persons  towards  the  shrine  of 
Our  Lady,  it  again  rose  both  in  cele- 
brity ana  riches.  It  would  be  tedious 
to  enumerate  the  long  list  of  benefac- 
tions by  kings  and  princes,  lords  spiritual 
and  temporal :  a  few  of  those  of  his- 
torical importance  must  suflice  for  our 
prescribed  limits. 

St.  Charles  Borromeo  archbishop  of 
Milan,  came  here  in  1570,  and  his  de- 
votion before  the  image  of  the  Virgin 
was  recorded  in  the  process  of  his  cano- 
nization by  his  companion  in  travel, 
"  Ibi  dum  oraret,  manantibus  ubertim 
lachrymis  respersum  vidi ;"  and  it  ap- 
pears by  his  own  letters  that  he  took 
home  from  Einsiedlen  many  relics. 

Maximilian,  archduke  of  Austria, 
in  1598  gave  two  heads  of  the  virgin 
companions  of  St.  Ursula,  that  were 
in  tne  royal  chapel  of  Neustadt,  in 
acknowledgment  of  the  raising  of  the 
siege  of  Waradin  by  the  Turks,  who 
had  besieged  that  place  with  a  large 
army.  He  also  presented  a  waxen 
taper  of  eighty  pounds*  weight,  a  heart 
of  gold,  three  hundred  crowns  of  gold, 
two  large  plates  of  silver,  on  which  were 
represented  the  retreat  of  the  Turks 
and  the  city  of  Waradin,  and  with 
these  were  the  standards  taken  from 
the  enemy.  After  he  became  king  of 
Poland,  he  sent  his  diadem  t)f  massive 
gold,  enriched  with  precious  stones, 
which  was  for  a  long  time  worn  by  the 
miraculous  image  at  the  principal 
solemnities. 


In  the  year  1688,  Maria  Theresa, 
Countess  of  Furstenberg,  came  to 
Einsiedlen  with  a  lar^e  and  illustrious 
cortege.  But  that  which  added  pecu- 
liar interest  to  this  visit,  was,  that  a 
young  Turkish  lady,  taken  prisoner  in 
the  sacking  of  the  town  of  j^euheisel, 
accompanied  her.  She  was  baptized 
by  the  abbot,  and  the  Princess,  who 
had  been  instrumental  in  her  conver- 
sion, stood  as  her  sponsor  at  the  font. 

During  the  Thirty  Years*  War,  when 
the  Swedes  penetrated  to  the  frontiers 
of  Switzerland,  it  is  related,  that  on 
several  occasions,  special  devotions  to 
Our  Lady  of  Einsiedlen  were  succeeded 
by  immediate  aid.  Uberling,  on  the 
Lake  of  Constance,  was  besieged  in 
1632  by  the  Swedes  under  the  Duke 
of  Saxe- Weimar.  During  the  siesK 
the  citizens  unanimously  invoked  the 
assistance  of  the  Virgin,  and  made  a 
vow  of  a  solemn  procession  to  the  sacred 
shrine.  On  the  20th  of  April,  about 
nine  or  ten  in  the  morning,  tne  Mother 
of  God  appeared  in  the  air  over  the 
city,  to  give  comfort  to  the  besiqzed ; 
and  the  enemy  finally  withdrew,  ftei- 
burg,  in  the  Black  Forest,  also  received 
protection  from  a  similar  attempt, 
ileguebach,  a  monastery  in  Suabia, 
also  tells  a  like  story,  and  manv  ex- 
amples are  related  of  active  help  being 
given  to  the  Catholic  Swiss  against 
their  Protestant  countrvmen.  Sat  i 
must  refrain  from  further  details  on 
that  head.  I  shall  also  pass  over  the 
little  incidents  which  chequered  the 
fortunes  of  Einsiedlen  from  the  close 
of  the  seventeenth  century  to  that  of 
the  eighteenth,  when  a  cry  more  tern- 
ble  than  that  of  reform  reached  the 
silent  seclusion  of  Meinrad.  The 
French  army  of  the  Revolution,  on  ita 
invasion  of  Switzerland,  violated  the 
tombs,  broke  tlie  relics  of  the  sainta, 
and  mixed  their  bones  with  others  so 
as  not  to  be  distinguished.  But  the 
venerable  image,  with  its  rich  adom- 
ings,  had  been  removed  and  hidden, 
and  that  which  Schauenbni^  sent  to 
Paris  was  but  a  counterfeit. 

The  ima^e  itself  is  black,  and  abont 
3  feet  6  inches  in  height  (scarcely  any 
of  the  miraculous  images  vary  mncn 
in  this  respect).  It  is  of  wood,  and 
holds  a  sceptre  in  the  right  hand,  and 
the  child  Jesus  in  the  left.  It  is  placed 
in  a  niche,  surrounded  with  a  great 
rosary  of  silver,  with  two  ang^  in  tfie 


1854.]      Moore  and  the  Right  Hon.  John  Wilson  Croker. 


365 


act  of  holding  the  crown  upon  her 
head.  Sixteen  large  tapers,  of  eighty 
pounds  weight,  are  maintained  by  the 
Catholic  cantons  and  other  Swiss  com- 
munities. Switz,  Freiburg,  Zu^,  Ap- 
penzel,  Bregenz,  Rapperswil,  Baden, 
Einsiedlen,  Lucerne,  Unterwald,  Gla- 
rus,  Uri,  and  Altdorf,  the  Abbey  of  St. 
Gall,  Solcure,  the  country  of  Gastres, 
Einsiedlen,  are  the  names  in  the  order 
in  which  they  are  placed,  the  locality 
of  the  shrine  being  twice  represented. 
The    chapel  is  very  small,  and  is  a 


distinct  structure  inclosed  within  the 
church,  which  accounts  for  its  having 
so  frequently  escaped  destruction  by 
fire.  It  measures  about  21  feet  in 
length,  width  and  height  19  feet.  It  has 
a  small  choir,  6  feet  long  and  13  feet 
wide,  and  at  the  entrance  is  a  great 
shield,  on  which  is  inscribed  in  gmden 
letters  **  Sanctus,  sanctus,  sanctus  Deus 
in  auU  gloriossB  Virginis,  miserere 
nobis,*' — ^words  said  to  have  been  used 
in  the  miraculous  dedication. 

J.  G.  Walleb. 


MOOEE  AND  THE  RIGHT  HONOUEABLE  JOHN  WILSON  CROKER. 

Correspondence  between  the  Right  Hon.  J.  W.  Croker  and  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  John 
Russell,  on  some  passages  of  Moore's  Diary.  With  a  Postscript  by  Mr.  Croker, 
explanatory  of  Mr.  Moore's  Acquaintance  and  Correspondence  with  him.    8vo. 


THE  publication  of  Moore*s  Diary 
produced  the  "Correspondence"  be- 
tween the  Right  Hon.  John  Wilson 
Croker  and  Lord  John  Russell,  with 
which  our  readers  are  familiar.  This 
Correspondence  has  reappeared  with 
a  Postscript  as  significant  as  a  lady^s, 
and  twice  as  long.  We  do  not  think 
Mr.  Croker  has  aiiy  reason  to  congra- 
tulate himself  on  its  publication.  The 
following  is  what  we  learn  from  it. 

At  the  close  of  the  last  century  there 
were  two  students  at  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  who  appear  to  have  been 
united  in  the  bonds  of  friendship.  One 
of  them,  Moore,  early  in  the  present 
century,  published  a  translation  of 
Anacreon :  his  friend,  Mr,  Croker,  sub- 
scribed for  two  copies.  "I  was,"  he 
says  modestly,  "  with  the  exception  of 
one  —  Brown,  Esq.  the  only  person, 
English  or  Irish,  who  subscribed  for 
two  copies."  Consequently,  he  was  a 
more  liberal  Maecenas  than  any  other 
of  the  friends  of  the  bard,  save  that  il- 
lustriously obscure  person  Mr.  Brown. 

The  67th  Ode  of  Anacreon  in  Moore^s 
edition  was  made  up  by  him  out  of 
three  or  four  different  fragments.  Mr. 
Croker  had  done  the  same  previously 
with  some  remains  of  Sappho,  Alcasus, 
&c.  Moore  wrote  to  his  friend  to  in- 
form him  that  he  had  followed  this 
example,  and  in  the  Anacreon  he  con- 
fessed that  he  had  taken  the  idea  of 
welding  the  fragments  into  one  ode 
from  a  "literary  friend."  This  was 
more  than  half  a  century  ago;  but 


Mr.  Croker  never,  as  it  would  seem, 
forsave  the  offence,  and  at  the  age  of 
74  ne  rakes  up  the  matter  for  the  pur- 
pose of  iuiurmg  Moore  in  the  public 
esteem.  The  Bard  had  not  helped  him 
to  immortality  by  printing  his  name 
(a  name  then  utterly  unknown  to  the 
world)  in  the  notes  to  Anacreon,  and 
the  wrath  of  the  youth  survives  in  the 
breast  of  the  old  man. 

At  a  later  period,  when  Moore  was 
labouring  with  weakness  in  the  eyes, 
Mr.  Croker  served  him  as  an  amanu- 
ensis, by  writing  to  the  poet's  dictation 
"  one,  or  I  rather  think  two,  of  Moore's 
prettiest  songs."  The  minstrel  did  not 
make  public  mention  of  the  fact,  but 
his  ancient  friend  now  does  it  for  him, 
as  if  to  prove  how  intense  was  the 
poet's  ingratitude.  A  coolness  appears 
to  have  ensued;  and  it  was  not  till 
1809,  on  some  matters  connected  with 
Moore's  Bermuda  appointment,  that 
the  two  collegians  were  reconciled. 
"I  was  a  fool  to  quarrel  with  you," 
says  Moore  candidfy ;  "  and  I  assure 
you  that  it  is  with  aU  my  heart  and  soul 
that  I  enter  into  the  renewal  of  our 
friendship." 

At  this  time  the  poet  was  anxious 
to  surrender  his  appointment,  if  he 
could  do  so  without  pecuniary  sacrifice, 
lie  applied  to  Mr.  Croker,  then  at  the 
Admiralty,  and  asked  "  Would  it  be 
possible,  do  you  think,  to  procure  the 
office  for  any  unobjectionable  person 
who  should  make  it  worth  my  while  to 
resign  in  his  favour?**    Mr.  Croker 


366 


Moore  and  the  Right  Hon,  John  WiUon  Croker.     [April, 


has  preserved  this  letter  of  his  friend, 
but  he  has  not  kept  any  copy  of  his 
own  answer — which,  if  it  be  not  strange, 
is  certainly  unfortunate.  However, 
he  makes  up  for  the  deficiency  by  de- 
nouncing the  proposal  as  indecent  "  to 
a  person  in  my  (Mr.  Croker's)  oiEcial 
situation."  lie  adds,  or  intimates 
rather,  that  he  evaded  it  delicately. 
Moore,  who  had  been  appointed  by  a 
ministry  indecent  and  indchcate  enough 
to  give  an  office  of  very  great  import- 
ance to  a  man  entirely  unqualified  for 
it,  does  not  appear  to  have  thought 
that  Mr.  Croker*s  sense  of  propriety 
could  have  been  seriously  ruffled ;  and 
he  accordingly  asks  point-blank,  in  a 
second  letter,  whether,  if  he  could  find 
a  purchaser  of  the  appointment,  Mr. 
Croker  had  interest  enough  to  get 
him  named  as  Moore's  successor.  "  I 
know,"  says  Moore,  "  this  sounds  very 
like  one  of  those  transactions  which  we 
patriots  cry  out  against  as  unworthy 
of  the  great  Kussell  and  Algernon 
Sidney," — and  so  undoubtedly  it  was ; 
but,  as  we  have  said,  Moore  having;  been 
nominated  to  the  office  by  a  mmister 
who  knew  his  unfitness,  he  thought 
there  was  not  much  harm  done  if  he 
could  sell  it  to  an  "  unohjectioiuible 
person."  Mr.  Croker  has  again  pre- 
served his  friend's  letter,  and  he  uses 
it  now  to  blast  that  friend's  character 
with.  His  own  answer  to  it  is  not 
forthcoming :  "  I  dare  say,"  he  writes, 
"  I  was  unwilling  that  even  a  copyist 
should  see  such  a  proposition,' — so 
charv  was  he  of  his  friend's  honour  1 
but  he  preserned  the  letter  containing 
the  proposition  of  1809,  and  treats  the 
public  with  it  in  1854. 

The  answer,  whatever  it  may  have 
been,  does  not  seem  to  have  offended 
Moore,  and  occasional  letters  passed 
between  the  friends  from  this  period 
down  at  least  to  1833.  Mr.  Croker 
hardly  knows,  (the  unmethodical  man!) 
how  he  has  accidentally  preserved  them, 
or  found  them  among  his  chaos  of 
papers  I  but  there  they  arc,  down  to 
the  most  insignificant  notes,  all  pro- 
duced for  Mr.  Crokor's  especial  pur- 
pose. "  On  the  22nd  May,  1 8 1 2,"  says 
the  ex- Secretary,  "  Moore  announced 
to  me  his  sudden  appearance  to  his 
friends  in  the  new  character  of  a  hus- 
band and  a  father ;"  and  Mr.  Croker 
makes  this  delicate  comment  on  his 
friend's  text : — ^  The  approxiniatioa 


of  characters,  usually  separated  by  a 
longer  interval,  I  remember  yery 
much  surprised  me."  Is  this  com- 
ment made  to  injure  Moore  or  to  an- 
noy his  widow  ?  It  is  certainly  in  the 
most  execrable  t^te;  but  even  Mr. 
Croker  adds  that  the  marriage  was 
not  kept  concealed  from  Mr.  Kogen 
and  Lady  Donegal ;  and  therefore  he 
might  have  foregone  the  luxury  of  thia 
sneer. 

The  letters  which  follow  are  of  a 
friendly  character,  asserting  the  writer's 
respect  for  the  talents  of  Mr.  Croker, 
and  acknowledging  the  performance  at 
his  hands  of  various  friendly  ofiices. 
It  does  not  appear,  however,  that  they 
met  at  all  frequently.  The  intercourfe 
seems  mainly  to  have  been  kept  up  by 
correspondence.  Of  this  correspond- 
ence Mr.  Croker  quotes  all  that  he 
thinks  will  establish  his  own  case,  and 
damage  Moore.  Not  a  line  of  his  own 
letters  is  given ;  and  of  those  of  Moore's 
he  says,  ^HL  only  wonder  how  even  these 
happened  to  be  preserved ! "  To  which 
we  can  only  say,  "  OA,  Mr,  Rigby  I " 

Now,  of  course,  in  all  this  the  publio 
would  have  been  very  little  interested 
but  for  the  appearance  of  Moore's 
"Diary."  In  one  of  the  volumes  of 
that  work,  under  the  date  of  April  7^ 
1833,  there  occurs  the  following^  pas* 
sage :  "Barnes,  the  editor  of  the  Times, 
begged  me,  in  anything  I  might  now 
write  for  him,  to  spare  Croker,  which 
I  told  him  was  an  unnecessary  caatioii« 
as  Croker  and  I  were  old  aUies."  To 
this  Lord  John  liussell  appended  the 
following  note : — 

To  Moore  it  was  unnecessary  to  address 
a  request  to  spare  a  fiiend.  If  the  requsst 
bad  been  addressed  to  the  other  party^ 
asking  him  to  spare  Moore,  what  would 
have  been  the  result?  Probably,  while 
Moore  was  alive,  and  able  to  wield  his 
pen,  it  might  have  been  tacoessfoL  Had 
Moore  been  dead,  it  would  have  served 
only  to  give  additional  zest  to  the  pleasure 
of  safe  malignity. 

When  Mr.  Croker  read  this  he  hegux 
his  unlucky  correspondence  with  Lord 
John  Russell.  lie  commenced  afler 
the  vulgar  fashion  of  accusing  his  ad- 
versary of  Judging  of  the  zest  and  plea* 
sure  of  mangnity  from  hb  own  persooal 
experience.  But  it  appears  to  us  thai 
Lord  John  Russell  hau  ^ood  grounds 
for  being  angry,  and  that  it  .would  bawa 
better  become  Mr.  Croker  to  have  been 


1854.]      Moore  and  the  Right  Hon,  John  Wilson  Ci*oker. 


367 


making  apology  rather  than  renewing 
offence.  For  such  offence  as  he  had 
committed  had  never  yet  been  known 
in  England — at  all  events  not  in  such 
degree.  He  had  written  a  review  in 
the  Quarterly,  which  was  not  merely 
unjust  to  Moore,  but  was  cruel  in  the 
extreme  to  the  poet's  widow.  We  have 
never  heard  but  one  opinion  expressed 
on  this  latter  point.  There  was  some- 
thing peculiarly  heartless  in  reiter- 
ating to  the  solitary  mourner  that  the 
affectionate  passages  which  her  husband 
wrote  of  her  in  his  Diary  were  all  moon- 
shine. Mr.  Croker  could  at  the  best 
have  known  nothing  about  it,  and  need 
not,  in  his  rage  a^amst  the  poet,  have 
outraged  the  feehngs  of  the  poet's  sick 
and  sorrowing  wife.  But  we  do  more 
than  justice  to  Mr.  Croker  by  this 
remark,  for  he  had  good  reasons  for 
knowing  how  sincerely  Moore  was 
attached  to  "Bessy,"  seeing  that  he 
had  the  assurance  under  Moore's  own 
hand ;  it  runs  as  follows,  in  one  of  the 
letters  from  Moore  to  Mr.  Croker,  and 
is  quoted  by  the  latter,  at  page  27  of 
his  pamphlet : — 

I  think  I  have  at  last  found  oat  the  life 
that  suits  me,  for  I  never  was  so  happy. 
I  read  a  great  deal,  and  write  a  little,  and 
have  the  best  samples  of  human  nature 
before  me  from  morning  till  night — which 
samples  consist  in  a  pure  affectionate  wife, 
and  a  little  rosy  pug-nosed  innocent  child. 

Lord  John,  then,  had  good  reason 
for  asking  Mr.  Croker  if  he  could  pos- 
sibly think  himself  justified  in  embit- 
tering the  last  years  of  the  widow  of 
Moore,  sneerin^j  at  his  domestic  affec- 
tions, and  loadmg  his  memory  with 
reproach  ?  And  what  is  Mr.  Croker's 
reply  ? — that,  in  his  opinion,  the  article 
in  question  needed  no  justification  ; 
that  he  has  as  much  respect  and  svm- 
pathy  for  Mrs.  Moore  as  his  lordship ; 
and,  we  suppose  to  show  that  respect 
and  sympathy,  and  his  good  manners 
to  boot,  he  snceringly  speaks  of  the 
inestimable  lady  in  question  as  Lord 
John's  "  interesting  victim  /"  Mr.  Cro- 
ker describes  himself  as  in  his  "  74th 
year,  and  in  a  probably  advanced  stage 
of  a  mortal  disease,"  but  he  boasts  that 
he  is  "  not  yet  in  his  dotage."  Alas ! 
Sir,  there  is  a  ferocity  of  dotage,  and 
it  is  of  that  you  are  now  suffering. 

The  review  in  which  so  much  of  this 
ferocity  was  manifested,  appears  to 
have  owed  most  of  its  ill-feeling  to 


wounded  vanity.  In  the  Diary,  under 
the  date  Oct.  14,  1820,  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing passage  : 

Met  ,  who  walked  about  with  me, 

and  made  me  take  a  family  dinner  with 
him  at  his  hotel.  /  have  not  seen  to  much 
qf  him  since  toe  were  in  college  together, 
and  I  find  that  his  vanity  is  even  greater 
than  has  been  reported  to  me,  and  his 
cleverness  much  less  than  I  expected.  He 
is,  undoubtedly,  a  good  partizan,  a  quick 
skirmisher  of  reviews  and  newspapers,  and 
a  sort  of  servant-of-all-work  for  bis  em- 
ployers ;  but,  as  to  anything  of  a  higher 
order  of  talent,  I  am  greatly  mistaken  if 
he  has  the  slightest  claim  to  it — iii.  156. 

The  public  neither  knew  nor  cared 
who  was  here  portrayed,  but  in  the 
description  Mr.  Croker  appears  to  have 
recognised  himself,  and  his  complaint 
is  that  Moore  should  have  written  thus 
of  him  in  a  private  diary,  when  in  his 
letters  the  poet  was  continually  ex- 
pressing respect  for  his  talents.  Mr. 
Uroker  does  not  take  into  account  that 
Moore,  in  his  letters,  rendered  judg- 
ment chiefly  of  what  he  had  read  or 
heard;  and  which  judgment  a  few 
hours*  renewed  intercourse  (tete-d'tete) 
appears  to  have  modified,  very  much 
to  Mr.  Croker's  mortification.  The 
entry  was  not,  as  Mr.  Croker  asserts, 
"  left  for  publication  by  Moore."  The 
poet's  papers  were  bequeathed  to  the 
discretion  of  a  literary  executor,  and 
the  executor,  while  inserting  the  por- 
trait, erased  the  name.  A&.  Croker 
himself  gives  a  graphical  account  of  the 
meeting  to  which  his  friend  alludes  : 

In  the  summer  of  1820,  in  consequence 
of  a  deep  and  irreparable  domestic  cala- 
mity, I  took  Mrs.  Croker  to  make  a  short 
tour  in  France  for  change  of  scene.  It 
happened  that,  walking  one  evening  in  the 
garden  of  St.  Cloud,  we  met  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Moore  (the  latter  we  neither  of  us  ever 
saw  before  or  since)  ;  after  a  few  words  of 
very  cordial  greeting  between  Moore  and 
me,  he  introduced  Mrs.  Moore.  A  short 
conversation  ensued,  and  then  each  party 
pursued  their  walk.  We  left  Paris  in  a 
few  days,  and  did  not  return  for  a  fort* 
night,  when  I  looked  out  for  Moore,  and 
saw  as  much  of  him  as  I  could ;  but  Mrs. 
Croker  did  not  make  any  advances — at 
Moore  evidently  wished — to  improve  her 
acquaintance  with  Mrs.  Moore.  Moore 
probably  did  not  know,  or  at  least  appre- 
ciate, the  extent  of  my  wife's  affliction  and 
reluctance  to  see  strangers  (which  was  the 
sole  motive  of  her  reserve  towards  Mrs. 
Moore),  and  being,  as  we  now  tee  (which 


368 


Moore  and  the  Right  Hon.  John  Wilson  Croker.     [Aprils 


at  the  time  I  did  not),  in  a  constant  fidget 
as  to  the  way  in  which  Mrs.  Moore  was 
received  by  his  acquaintance,  and  particu- 
larly ladies,  he,  I  have  no  doubt,  resented 
our  reserve  as  a  slight,  and  this  feeling 
might  have  prompted'his  momentary  irri- 
tation against  me;  for,  whether  his  estimate 
of  me  was  true  or  false,  it  is  evident  that 
there  must  have  been  some  special  cause 
for  his  recording  it  at  that  moment. 

There  may  be  something  in  all  this » 
but,  with  every  respect  for  those  who 
have  to  bear  sorrow,  or  the  memory  of 
sorrow,  while  we  remark  that  it  was 
very  probable  that  Moore  was  not 
aware  of  the  affliction  that  had  fallen 
upon  his  friend  and  friend*s  wife,  we 
may  ask,  Wece  an  irreparable  domestic 
calamity  to  fall  upon  the  family  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  French  admiralty, 
would  any  man  be  able  to  appreciate 
the  extent  of  it  by  meeting  that  worthy 
official  and  his  lady,  looking  for  con- 
solation in  Greenwich  Park?  which 
is  to  London  what  St.  Cloud  is  to 
Paris. 

When  Mr.  Croker  complained  to 
Lord  John  Russell  of  the  course  taken 
by  the  latter  in  editing  Moore's  papers, 
the  noble  lord  remarked,  among  other 
things,  that  he  had  endeavoured  to 
omit  passages  offensive  to  individuals ; 
and  his  lordship  adds,  "  I  omitted  some 
regarding  you,  which,  though  not  bit- 
ter or  malicious,  might,  I  thought,  give 
you  pain."  Mr.  Croker  is  actually 
bold  enough  to  seize  on  this  passage, 
and  to  repeat,  as  if  quoting  from  it, 
that  his  lordship  had  admitted  that 
there  were  in  the  Diary  notices  **  still 
more  offensive"  than  the  one  which  he 
had  produced.  This  is  clearly  contrary 
to  the  truth,  and,  if  Mr.  Croker  were 
less  blinded  by  rage  and  prejudice,  he 
would  see  that  it  is  so.  Lord  John 
says  nothing  at  all  about  the  suppressed 
passages  being  "  more  offensive."  He 
states  that  they  are  "neither  bitter  nor 
malicious,"  and  that  is  all.  In  fact,  as 
we  read  through  Mr.  Croker's  pam- 
phlet, we  increasingly  discover  that  his 
vanity  has  been  wounded  more  than 
any  other  feeling.  Moore  had  omitted 
to  name  him  in  bis  Anacreon,  had  not 
said  that  Mr.  Croker  had  copied  one 
or  two  of  his  songs,  and,  after  con- 
gratulating him  upon  becoming  aprivy 
councillor,  had  written  of  him  to  rower 
the  publisher,  as  "  the  right  honourahle^^ 
CroKer,  with  a  note  of  exclamation  (I) 
4 


which  might  have  as  much  implied  ad- 
miration as  sneering  surprise. 

The  pamphlet  leaves  a  depressing 
feeling  oehind  it,  and  no  man  who 
reads  it^  and  remembers  that  he  may 
in  former  days  have  written  thought- 
less letters  to  the  author,  can  have  any 
other  but  uneasy  feelings.  In  regard 
to  letters,  however,  there  is  something 
curious  about  those  of  Mr.  Croker ; 
his  first  correspondence  with  Lord  John 
Russell  was  prematurely  published  in 
the  Times,  before  Lora  John  could 
have  an  opportunity  of  replying  to  tlie 
last  letter,  and  that  premature  publi- 
cation was  the  act  oi  some  indiscreet 
friend,  for  whose  indiscretion,  however 
Lord  John  cared  not  a  straw.  The 
pamphlet  itself,  too,  made  its  appear- 
ance, we  believe,  somewhat  prenui- 
turely;  and,  above  all,  Mr.  Croker 
takes  no  notice  whatever  in  it  of  a 
remark  by  Lord  John,  to  the  effect 
that  Mrs.  Moore  has  several  letters  of 
the  ex- Secretary,  which  Lord  John 
has  not  seen,  and  which  would  only  be 

?ubli8hed  on  permission  being  given, 
'o  this  hint  Mr.  Croker  is  entirely 
deaf.  He  is  more  agreeably  engaged 
in  taxing  Lord  John  with  '^spitefU 
slyness,"  with  sneering  at  Mrs.  Moore 
as  an  "interesting  victim,"  and  with 
publishing  Moore^s  letters,  some  of 
them  written  when  the  writer  was  bat 
a  boy,  in  order  to  destroy  the  character 
of  the  "  man," — and  that  man  one  who 
refused  to  poetically  satirize  his  friend* 
Mr.  Croker  accounts  him  as  guilty  as 
if  h^had  done  so,  for  the  reason  that 
he  privately  thought  less  of  that  friend*! 
acquirements  than  he  avowed  to  the 
friend  himself;  and  that  he,  good« 
humouredly  as  it  seems  to  us,  made  * ' 
joke  of  the  tag  of  '*  right  honourable** 
which  was  attached  to  Mr.  Croker*a 
name  when  the  latter  became  a  prirj 
councillor.  Afler  all,  these  are  miser- 
able matters  upon  which  to  auarre!, 
and  it  may  fairly  be  said  that  it  Moore 
was  not  entirely  faultless,  (and  who  is?) 
there  is  something  confessedly  worse 
about  his  friend  as  a  friend.  The  youth 
who  at  nineteen  hoards  up  the  notes  of 
his  youthful  associates,  and  publishes 
them  to  satisfy  his  great  revenge  when 
almost  an  octogenarian,  was  not  an 
ingenuus  puer  then,  and  if  not  **  a  fine 
old  Englbh  gentleman  "  now.  But  there 
is  a  passajge  in  one  of  Mr.  Croker*s 
letters  to  LK>rd  John,  the  tmth  of  whieh 


18540 


The  Table  of  Precedency . 


871 


ihis  official  delicacy  by  asking  him 
for  help  in  selling  the  Bermuda  ap- 
pointment— ^it  must  not  be  forgotten 
that,  while  Mr.  Croker  protests  that 
he  was  not  merely  coj,  but  indignant, 
Moore*s  Diary  affirms,  in  a  yerj  sober 
entry,  that  the  official  gentleman  was 
sometimes  anything  but  reluctant  to 
help  his  firiena.  In  the  fifth  yolume, 
under  the  date  December  27,  1826, 
are  the  following  words  :-^^  A  kind 
letter  from  Croker,  in  answer  to  one  I 
wrote  to  him  asking  his  opinion  as 
to  my  Bermuda  situation,  whether  I 
should  eiye  it  up,  &c.  &c.  Advises  me 
not  to  give  it  up,  and  thinks  he  could 
procure  me  a  proper  person  fit  to  be 
my  deputy.**  And  again :  in  vol.  y. 
n.  320  (Nov.  27,  1828),  we  have  the 
following : — **  Called  at  different  places. 
Sat  with  C.  some  time,  and  had  a  good 
deal  of  tdk  about  my  Bermuda  place 
— ^thinks  I  cannot  take  any  steps  as  to 
a  deputy  (at  least  a  deputy  urUh  se- 
curity^  till  there  is  something  to  give 
secunty ybr,  which  can  only  occur  with 


a  war.**  The  italics  are  Moore*8,  and 
they  are  remarkably  significant.  Now 
Moore,  whose  great  misfortune  it  was, 
as  he  himself  said,  to  be  always  in  want 
of  money,  certainly  never  thought  of 
making  over  all  his  duties  to  a  substitute 
without  retaining  some  of  the  pecuniary 
advantages  of  the  appointment  in  ques- 
tion. A  comparison  of  dates  will  show, 
perhaps,  that  the  above  entries  do  not 
refer  to  the  actual  transaction  revealed 
by  Mr.  Croker,  but  they  appear  to  re- 
late to  negotiations  of  a  simuar  nature. 
However  this  may  be,  no  one  will  in- 
dulge Mr.  Croker  in  his  eagerness  to 
destroy  the  reputation  of  Moore,  until 
the  entire  facts  are  before  the  public. 
The  latter  will  at  least  suspend  its 
judgment  until  Mr.  Croker*s  letters 
are  placed  side  by  side  with  those  of 
Moore — a  course  to  which  we  presume 
that  Mr.  Croker,  strong  in  blameless- 
ness,  can  have  no  possible  objection. 
At  all  events,  let  us  have  the  letters : 
without  them  the  case  is  dmply,  in  old 
Scotish  phrase,  **  Not  proven.** 


THB  TABLE  OF  PRECEDENCY. 

'*  Orders  and  degrees 
Jar  not  with  laberty,  but  well  consist.'' 


THE  Table  of  Precedency  is  about 
the  most  complicated  piece  of  ma- 
chinery for  setting  us  in  motion,  the 
most  confused  arrangement  for  the 
"  order  of  our  going,  that  could  well 
have  been  concocted.  We  by  no 
means  undervalue  the  privilege  of  a 
locus  standi  in  a  dinner  procession.  ^  It 
is  exceedingly  useful  to  have  a  notion 
as  to  how  one  is  to  be  disposed  of  on 
the  order  for  sailing,  as  well  as  to  know 
where  one  is  ultimately  to  settle  down 
at  the  anchorage.  We  write  this  in 
the  masculine  gender,  and  having  no 
**  handle  to  our  name ;  **  but  the  ques- 
tion, as  respects  the  **  softer  sex,'*  an 
epithet,  by  the  way,  of  very  doubtful 
application  in  this  case,  is  one  of  pri- 
mary importance  if  we  would  prevent 
those  shocks  to  the  nervous  system 
which  now  and  then  occur,  even  m  the 
most  amiably  disposed  families,  through 
the  blunders  of  many  most  excellent 
persons  whose  habits  of  thought  have 
rarely  led  them  to  wander  within  the 
intricate  mazes  of  these  conyentional 


arrangements  of  society.  For  instance, 
we  have  marked  the  sidelong  glance, 
the  movement  of  the  chin,  we  eleva- 
tion of  the  shoulder,  and  the  shUling 
of  the  chair,  when  a  Viscountess  has 
been  walked  ofi*  leaving  the  daughter 
of  a  Marquess  behind  in  dudgeon  and 
disgust.  We  have  observed  how  the 
wife  of  the  younger  son  of  an  Earl  has 
stared  with  an  intermixture  of  surprise 
and  scorn  at  the  stupidity  that  could 
presume  to  order  out  before  her  the 
wife  of  the  elder  son  of  a  Baron.  We 
can  call  to  mind  the  amusing  scene 
when  the  wife  of  one  of  our  most  dis- 
tinguished distillers,  the  daughter  of 
the  younger  son  of  a  junior  Baron, 
once  looked  daggers  at  the  ignorant 
and  unsuspecting  master  of  the  ^ast 
for  placing  the  daughter  of  one  of  our 
oldest  Baronets  ''betwixt**  his  arm 
**  and  her  nobility.**  On  this  occasion 
we  well  remember  that  the  sufferer 
never  rallied  during  the  whole  of  the 
evening--ate  but  little-Hsiud  less.  In 
the  drawing-room  (we  do  not  pretend 


370 


Moore  atid  the  Right  Hon.  John  Wilson  Croher.     [April, 

Croker,  then  the  Secretary  of  the  Ad- 
miralty; the  latter  merely  received 
and  communicated  to  the  Cabinet  the 
letters  which  Mr.  Finlaison  received 
and  put  into  his  hands;" — ^but,  i/the 
statements  of  Finlaison  be  true,  he  was 
merely  the  agent  of  Mr.  Groker,  and, 
as  the  Athennum  remarks,  qui  facU 
per  alium  facU  per  se.  If  Forsyth's 
book  be  true  in  its  details,  then  0*Aieara 
was,  without  the  knowledge  of  the  Go- 
vernor Sir  Hudson  Lowe,  employed 
as  a  spy  on  Napoleon ;  and  to  say  the 
least  of  it,  Mr.  Croker*8  name  is  very 
unpleasantly  mixed  up  with  this  afiair. 
It  IS  curious,  too,  that  in  the  vitupera- 
tion cast  upon  0*Meara  in  the  Quar- 
terly, no  notice  is  taken  of  the  Finlaison 
history.  The  ffovemment  might  have 
destroyed  0*Meara  by  exposing  his 
doings  as  shown  in  that  history ;  but 
then  O^Meara  could  have  ruined  the 

government  by  showing  by  whom  he 
ad  been  employed.  Now,  what  we 
have  to  state  with  regard  to  Mr.  Croker, 
as  connected  with  this  wretched  reve- 
lation, is  this :  he  can  doubtless,  in  a 
few  words,  swee|>  awav  all  the  suspicion 
which,  as  touching  thb  matter,  points 
in  the  direction  of  nis  office  at  the  Ad- 
miralty ;  and,  if  he  would  condescend 
to  such  service,  the  result  we  unfeign- 
edly  hope,  and  are  ready  to  believe, 
would  be  as  honourable  to  himself  as 
it  would  be  gratifying  to  the  public. 
We  regret  that  he  did  not  defer  hit 
onslaught  upon  the  reputation  of  Moore 
until  he  had  triumphantly  replied  to 
the  misrepresentations  (as  we  are  eager 
to  find  them)  of  Finlaison.  lie  should 
have  considered  that  the  latter  much 
more  seriously  affected  him  than  the 
winged  words — light  scandal  at  the 
worst — of  the  best-natured  of  bards. 
As  it  is,  however,  there  stands  Finlai- 
son's  startling  revelation^  with  nothing 
as  yet  on  Mr.  Croker*s  side  to  explain 
it  away.  It  is  not  yet  too  late,  and,  in 
condescending  to  refute  the  man  who 
audaciously  assumed  to  be  his  agent 
in  employing  O^Meara  as  a  spy  upon 
Napoleon,  Mr.  Croker  woula  be  far 
more  gracefully  engaged  than  in  flinging 
hard  words  at  Moore,  or  cruel  sneers 
at  '"Bessy."  Till  this  be  done,  Mr. 
Croker  should  be  at  all  events  modestlj 
silent  on  the  subject  of  his  ofiiciiu 
scruples  and  his  official  delicacy. 

Finally,  and  to  revert  to  the  ori- 
ginal charge — that  Moore  violated 


to  be  acceptable  ;  and  I  am  quite  sure 
that  they  have  done  you  a  great  deal  of 
good  at  the  Board ;  a  proof  of  which  is 
that  the  other  day  Capt  Hamilton  of  the 
Havannah  and  Sir  E.  Thornton  reported 
in  a  public  letter  that,  a  few  hours  after 
the  ship's  arrival,  a  letter  was  inserted  in 
the  Portsmouth  paper  about  Bonaparte, 
and  that  it  had  been  traced  that  you  were 
the  author  of  it.  Mr.  Croker  seat  for  me 
and  desired  me  to  request  you  to  be  care- 
ful in  respect  to  your  private  letters  to  any 
other  person,  as  everything  now-a-days 
gets  into  the  papers.  Bui  to  me  he  re- 
peated  his  hopes  that  you  would  write  in 
full  confidence^  and  in  the  utmost  possible 
detail y  all  the  anecdotes  you  can  pick  up  ; 
resting  assured  that  none  but  the  govern- 
ment here  will  see  them;  and  to  them 
they  are,  and  must  be,  extremely  interest- 
ing, as  showing  the  personal  feelings  of 
your  great  state*  prisoner. 

Let  our  readers  mark  the  lines  in 
italics,  and  then  let  them  weigh  there- 
with the  following  letter  from  Sir 
Hudson  Lowe,  who  had  been  in  igno- 
rance both  of  O'Meara's  doings  and  of 
his  employers.  Sir  Hudson  writes  to 
Lord  6athurst — 

I  did  not  fail  immediately  to  point  out 
to  Dr.  O'Meara  ail  the  impropriety  of  his 
conduct,  and  even  the  danger,  as  affecting 
his  life,  of  meddling  in  such  matters.  He 
said  Count  Montholon  bad  left  the  letter 
in  his  room  without  his  giving  his  consent 
to  it ;  that  a  motive  of  curiosity  had  led 
him  not  to  return  it ;  that  he  had  no  in- 
tention to  give  it  publicity,  but  that  he 
should  probably  have  given  extracts  of  it 
in  his  letters  to  Mr.  Croker ;  and  he  here 
produced  to^  me  a  letter  he  had  received 
from  a  Mr.  Finlaison,  who  holds  some 
office  in  the  Admiralty,  marked  "  confi- 
dential and  secret,"  and  therefore,  perhaps, 
not  furnishing  a  fit  matter  for  reference, 
in  which  he  is  most  particularly  requested 
to  give  all  the  details  possible  to  Mr. 
Croker  of  everything  interesting  he  can 
collect  respecting  General  Bonaparte  .  .  . 
and  Dr.  O'Meara  is  encouraged  by  every 
species  of  praise  to  continue  his  commu- 
nications both  to  Mr.  Croker  and  Mr.  Fin- 
laison. .  .  .  He  (0*Meara)  founds  his  vin- 
dications principally  on  strict  injunctions 
he  has  received  from  persons  in  public 
situations  to  send  home  accounts  of  what 
is  passing  here,  and  the  approbation  given 
to  his  letters  at  the  Boards  as  confidentially 
communicated  to  him  by  Mr.  Finlaison. 

Now,  it  is  true  that  Mr.  Forsyth 
has  added  in  a  note  that  **  it  is  a  mis- 
take of  Sir  Hudson  Lowe  to  supTOse 
that  O'Meara  corresponded  with  mr. 


1854,] 


The  Table  of  Precedency. 


371 


this  official  delicacy  by  asking  him 
for  help  in  selling  the  Bermuda  ap- 
pointment— it  must  not  be  forgotten 
that,  while  Mi\  Croker  protests  that 
he  was  not  merely  coy,  but  indignant, 
Moore*s  Diary  affirms,  in  a  very  sober 
entry,  that  the  official  gentleman  was 
sometimes  anything  but  reluctant  to 
help  his  friend.  In  the  fifth  volume, 
under  the  date  December  27,  1826, 
are  the  following  words:— "A  kind 
letter  from  Croker,  in  answer  to  one  I 
wrote  to  him  asking  his  opinion  as 
to  my  Bermuda  situation,  whether  1 
should  give  it  up,  &c.  &c.  Advises  me 
not  to  give  it  up,  and  thinks  he  could 
procure  me  a  proper  person  fit  to  be 
my  deputy."  And  again  :  in  vol.  v. 
D.  320  (ifov.  27,  1828),  we  have  the 
following: — "Called  at  different  places. 
Sat  with  C.  some  time,  and  had  a  good 
deal  of  talk  about  my  Bermuda  place 
— thinks  I  cannot  take  any  steps  as  to 
a  deputy  (at  least  a  deputy  with  se" 
curity\  till  there  is  something  to  give 
security /or,  which  can  only  occur  with 


a  war."  The  italics  are  Moore's,  and 
they  are  remarkably  significant.  Now 
Moore,  whose  great  misfortune  it  was, 
as  he  himself  said,  to  be  always  in  want 
of  money,  certainly  never  tnought  of 
making  over  all  his  duties  to  a  substitute 
without  retaining  some  of  the  pecuniary 
advantages  of  the  appointment  in  ques- 
tion. A  comparison  of  dates  will  snow, 
perhaps,  that  the  above  entries  do  not 
refer  to  the  actual  transaction  revealed 
by  Mr.  Croker,  but  they  appear  to  re- 
late to  negotiations  of  a  similar  nature. 
However  this  may  be,  no  one  will  in- 
dulge Mr.  Croker  in  his  eagerness  to 
destroy  the  reputation  of  Moore,  until 
the  entire  facts  are  before  the  public. 
The  latter  will  at  least  suspend  its 
judgment  until  Mr.  Croker's  letters 
are  placed  side  by  side  with  those  of 
Moore — a  course  to  which  we  presume 
that  Mr.  Croker,  strong  in  blameless- 
ness,  can  have  no  possible  obiection. 
At  all  events,  let  us  have  the  letters : 
without  them  the  case  is  simply,  in  old 
Scotish  phrase,  "  Not  proven." 


THE  TABLE  OF  PRECEDENCY. 

<<  Orders  and  degrees 
Jar  not  with  Liberty,  but  well  coosist.'^ 


THE  Table  of  Precedency  is  about 
the  most  complicated  piece  of  ma- 
chinery for  setting  us  in  motion,  the 
most  confused  arrangement  for  the 
"  order  of  our  going,"  that  could  well 
have  been  concocted.  We  by  no 
means  undervalue  the  privilege  of  a 
locus  standi  in  a  dinner  procession.  It 
is  exceedingly  useful  to  have  a  notion 
as  to  how  one  is  to  be  disposed  of  on 
the  order  for  sailing,  as  well  as  to  know 
where  one  is  ultimately  to  settle  down 
at  the  anchorage.  We  write  this  in 
the  masculine  gender,  and  having  no 
"  handle  to  our  name ; "  but  the  ques- 
tion, as  respects  the  "  softer  sex,"  an 
epithet,  by  the  way,  of  very  doubtful 
application  in  this  case,  is  one  of  pri- 
mary importance  if  wc  would  prevent 
those  shocks  to  the  nervous  system 
which  now  and  then  occur,  even  in  the 
most  amiably  disposed  families,  through 
the  blunders  of  many  most  excellent 
persons  whose  habits  of  thought  have 
rarely  led  them  to  wander  within  the 
intricate  mazes  of  these  conventional 


arrangements  of  society.  For  instance, 
we  have  marked  the  sidelong  glance, 
the  movement  of  the  chin,  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  shoulder,  and  the  shifting 
of  the  chair,  when  a  Viscountess  has 
been  walked  off*  leaving  the  daughter 
of  a  Marquess  behind  in  dudgeon  and 
disgust.  We  have  observed  how  the 
wife  of  the  younger  son  of  an  Earl  has 
stared  with  an  intermixture  of  surprise 
and  scorn  at  the  stupidity  that  could 
presume  to  order  out  before  her  the 
wife  of  the  elder  son  of  a  Baron.  We 
can  call  to  mind  the  amusing  scene 
when  the  wife  of  one  of  our  most  dis- 
tinguished distillers,  the  daughter  of 
the  younger  son  of  a  junior  Baron, 
once  looked  daggers  at  the  ignorant 
and  unsuspecting  master  of  the  feast 
for  placing  the  daughter  of  one  of  our 
oldest  Baronets  "betwixt"  his  arm 
"  and  her  nobility."  On  this  occasion 
we  well  rememoer  that  the  suffijrer 
never  rallied  during  the  whole  of  the 
evening — ate  but  little — ^said  less.  In 
the  drawing-room  (we  do  not  pretend 


372 


The  Table  of  Precedency. 


[April, 


to  know  what  happened  in  our  absence, 
as  we  had  no  wife  to  let  us  into  the  secret-, 
as  an  J  well-conducted  wife  very  pro- 
perly would),  our  fair  friend  did,  indeed, 
make  a  danng  and  desperate  effort  to 
engross  the  conversation  of  the  leading 
lion  of  the  party,  but  failed — fanned 
herself— adjusted  her  dress — looked  at 
the  clock — expressed  surprise  that  her 
carriage  was  so  late  (it  was  not  ordered 
till  half-past  ten,  and  it  was  then  but 
just  ten),  as  she  was  anxious  to  get  to 

Lady 's  party  (to  which,  in  all 

probability,  sue  had  never  been  in- 
vited)— and  finally  went  awav.  In 
like  manner,  but  without  the  like  rea- 
son on  her  side,  Mrs.  MacNob,  second 
cousin  once  removed,  as  we  were  told, 
to  some  Nova  Scotia  Baronet  who  was 
too  poor  to  take  up  his  title,  and  the 
wife  of  the  Laird  of  Loch  Bannock, 
with  Scotch  supporters,  a  couple  of 
crests,  as  many  larch  plantations,  a 
square  white  house  witn  a  fagade  of 
five  windows,  miles  of  morass,  moun- 
tains of  quartz,  and  acres  of  kelp,  a 
due  proportion  of  seals  and  sea-gulls, 
and  a  pedigree,  despising  dates,  but 
deducing  him  and  his  clan  from  eras 
far  beyond  the  days  of  the  Picts,  ac- 
companied by  a  purse  with  but  slender 
provision,  and  leading  the  party  into 
perpetual  embarassments,  took  mortal 
offence  on  being,  as  she  thought,  su- 
perseded by  the  amiable  and  unob- 
trusive daughter  of  a  worthy  city 
Knight  in  *^  shorts"  and  buckles,  and 
radiant  with  the  whitest  kid  gloves  and 
an  amethyst  shirt-pin  set  round  with 
diamonds.  Then  again,  and  worse  than 
this  last  instance,  that  legend  of  the 
"good  old  times" — a  "hostile  meetiujg" 
— was  within  an  ace  of  "  coming  off" 
because  the  wife  of  the  O'Shindy  of 
Knockceltskull  Castle,  in  the  county 
of  Cork — her  veins  swelling  with  what 
the  democratic  0*Connell  delighted  to 
boast  of  as  the  "purple  blood  of  kings," 
her  husband  no  less  a  proud  descend- 
ant (albeit  most  unpatriotically  habited, 
as  Stulz  would  call  it,  in  the  "finest 
Saxon  cloth,")  of  those  monarchs  of 
mud  palaces  who  washed  their  limbs 
in  the  nearest  rivulet,  and  girded  their 
loins  with  goat-skins — had  been  ousted 
of  what  she  erroneously  conceived  to 
be  her  birthright  by  the  pretensions  of 
the  wife  of  some  obscure  Knight  Com- 
mander of  the  Bath,  but  who  happened 
to  have  led  a  forlorn  hope,  and  had  sacri- 


ficed his  left  arm  in  the  service  of  his 
country.  Over  such  as  the  above  two 
cases  we  cannot  pretend  to  exercise 
any  control,  and  ill-blood  must  still 
continue  to  be  generated  on  these  con- 
fines of  courtlv  etiquette,  and  a  sort 
of  Border  warwre  be  occasionally  car- 
ried on,  to  the  manifest  detriment  of 
good  fellowship,  and  very  frequently 
of  good  digestion. 

But  the  country,  rather  than  the 
town,  is  the  genuine  gladiatorial  arena 
for  such  conflicts ;  and  there,  amongst 
the  wives  and  daughters  of  our  squire- 
archy, we  have  to  encounter  the 
heart-burnings  and  bickerings  of  the 
rival  races  in  all  that  intensity  of 
hatred  which  a  difference  of  opinion, 
although  closely  approximating  to 
uniformity,  seems  invariably  to  en- 
gender. The  Mesdames  Hall,  Ball, 
Wall,  and  Small  offer  insurmountable 
difliculties.  We  well  remember  a  pain- 
ful perplexity  of  this  kind.  Nothing 
serious  occurred.  The  parties  were 
blessed  with  good  sense  and  equanimity 
of  temper,  or,  peradventure,  with  per- 
fect indifference.  We  had  to  place,  as 
the  sporting  phrase  runs,  three  most 
undeniably  respectable  ladies,  both  as 
to  weight  and  age.  One  an  opulent 
heiress,  the  widow  of  a  clergyman,  a 
sort  of  queen  regnant  in  her  county, 
with  a  large  mansion  and  estates  to 
match.  The  other  the  wife  of  an  ex- 
Member  of  another  county,  but  having 
also  a  fair  house  and  lands  in  the  conntv 
before  alluded  to.  The  third  the  wiie 
of  a  member  of  Parliament  represent* 
ing  a  borough  in  an  adjoining  count/, 
but  having  also  a  goodly  mansion  and 
property  m  the  county  inhabited  by 
the  other  two.  In  the  above  dilemma, 
what  was  to  be  done  ?  Was  age  to  be 
the  criterion?  Thev  were  as  nearly 
as  possible  on  a  par.  Was  the  Mammon 
of  acreage  to  oe  worshipped?  This 
would  have  been  too  great  a  truckling 
to  the  quarter  sessions  and  the  board 
of  guardians.  In  desperation  we  tossed 
up,  just  as  if  we  were  on  the  cricket- 
ground  at  Harrow,  before  the  parties 
arrived. 

It  is  onlv  since  the  Peace  that  the 
question  of  the  precedency  of  ambas- 
sadors has,  if  we  mistake  not,  been  de- 
termined, and  instances  were  formerly 
frequent  of  a  regular,  or  rather  irregu- 
lar, race — the  rules  of  the  Jockey  CTub 
being  wholly  unheeded— between  tlie 


1854.] 


The  Table  of  Precedency* 


373 


parties,  coupled  with  no  inconsiderable 
jostling  of  the  rival  representatives 
of  majesty, — France  pushing  fiercely 
against  Russia,  Russia  rudely  tripping 
up  Austria,  the  latter  inciecorously 
efi)owing  Spain,  &c.  &c.  This  mi^ht 
have  been,  and  perhaps  was,  called 
Physical  Precedency. 

But  this  same  table  of  degrees  is  by 
no  means  confined  to  the  Court  and  the 
dining-room.  It  pervades  all  classes. 
Her  grace's  lady  and  my  lord's  gentle- 
man occupy  their  respective  posi- 
tions in  the  graduated  scale  of  seats 
among  the  guests'  domestics  at  the 
Christmas  gathering  in  the  servants' 
hall,  if  indeed  the  nerves  of  "  our  old 
nobility"  have  not  hitherto  shrank 
from  carrying  out  a  reform  of  that 
"High  Life  Below  Stairs"  nuisance 
called  a  "second  table,"  where  the 
pampered  offspring  of  some  indus- 
trious labourer  cannot  sit  down  to 
meals  with  the  meaner  dependents  of 
his  class,  and  where  port  and  sherrjr, 
denied  to  the  man  of  education  and  m 
holy  orders,  with  a  wife  and  familv,  is 
duly  provided  for  the  palates  of  these 
pests,  and  oftentimes  plunderers,  of 
their  patrons.  The  Lady  Bab,  the 
Duke,  and  Sir  Harry  of  our  friend 
Garrick,  all  "so  devilish  proud  of  their 
nobility,"  not  forgetting  Lord  Francis 
and  Bob  the  Bishop  "tipping  off"  their 
"four  bottles  of  Burgundy  a-piece," 
are  admirable  specimens  of  what  it  may 
be  hoped  is  a  nearly  extinct  species.  Yet 
we  well  remember  how  the  gentleman  of 
the  Port  Admiral  of  Plvraouth,  though 
he  came  in  late,  would  not  tolerate 
that  Tom  the  footman, "  a  slovenly,  un- 
handsome" clown,  should  sit  "betwixt" 
the  joint  and  his  "  nobility."  All  this 
reminds  us  of  an  anecdote  of  the  late 
lamented  Princess  Charlotte,  who  once 
rang  her  bell  at  Claremont,  and  ordered 
the  servant  to  remove  a  couple  of  band- 
boxes, on  which  he  went  out  saying  that 
he  would  "  send  some  one." — "  What 
ought  I  to  have  done?"  asked  H.R.H. 
of  her  estimable  Chamberlain. — "Why, 
Madam,  if  your  Royal  Highness  were 
a  man,  the  best  thing  would  have  been 
to  have  kicked  him  down  stairs.  Under 
the  circumstances,  and  as  I  was  not  at 
hand  to  do  so,  you  will  allow  me  in- 
stantly to  discharge  him,"  was  the  very 
prompt  and  effective  reply. 

Respecting  our  position  at  dinner, 
although  this  is  no  actual  portion  of 


the  subject,  ihere  is  a  sort  of  hemi- 
spherical difference  of  opinion.  In  the 
Last  we  have  noticed  that  the  lady  of 
the  house,  afler  the  manner  of  her 
most  gracious  Majesty,  precedes  her 
guests ;  in  the  West,  as  we  all  know, 
she  invariably  follows  them.  We  are 
of  opinion,  putting  our  Occidental  pre- 
judices aside,  that  this  latter  is  the  best 
arrangement.  Then  the  next  person 
in  rank  to  the  one  who  falls  back  for 
the  purpose  of  conducting  our  hostess 
(though  after  the  host  and  the  lady  of 
highest  position,)  proceeds  with  the 
lady  second  in  rank.  But  where  is 
this,  our  second  best  man,  to  place  him- 
self? The  majority,  and  we  think 
correctlv,  locate  him  at  the  bottom  of 
the  table,  placing  the  lady  he  con- 
ducts next  to  his  host.  We  say  we 
think  correctly,  first,  because  it  is  the 
homage  due  to  the  lady  second  in  rank 
to  be  seated  next  to  her  host;  secondly, 
although  precedency  is  a  question  for 
generd  convenience,  all  those  who 
meet,  meet  as  gentlemen  on  equal 
terms.  Nevertheless,  there  are  some 
aspirants,  and  especially  those  who 
from  having  the  minimum  of  rank  de- 
sire the  maximum  of  advantage,  and 
being  only  just  squeezed  into  "  Who's 
who,  are,  as  is  invariably  the  case, 
more  alive  to  their  privilege,  and  covet 
the  honour  of  being  next  to  our  hostess 
at  dinner,  with  a  Transatlantic  "go 
a-head"  that  shall  be  applicable  to  our 
host  after  dinner.  Such  is  the  ambition 
which  urges  the  newly-made  Baronet, 
Sir  Jeremiah  Jinglecash,  to  make  an 
echelon  movement  for  the  occupation 
of  this  post  whenever  the  opportunity 
occurs. 

But  to  revert  to  the  real  point,  and 
from  which  we  have  seemingly,  though 
slightly,  wandered.  With  a  view  of 
giving  additional  tranquillity  to  the 
mind  at  such  a  moment,  and  of  intro- 
ducing greater  simplicity  to  our  system, 
we  submit,  in  the  soberest  seriousness 
(praying,  meanwhile,  respectfully  the 
attention  of  our  worthy  friends  H.  M.'s 
Master  of  the  Ceremonies  and  Garter 
King  of  Arms),  the  following  revision 
of  that  fashionable  code  which  governs 
the  approach  to  the  tables  of  our 
Amphitryons.  L. 

The  Queen. 

The  Queen  Dowager. 

The  mother  of  the  Queen  regnant. 

The  Princess  of  Wale?. 


374 


The  Septuag^nt  of  the  Moscow  BibU  Society.        C-^^P'^'' 


Princesses,  daughters  of  the  Sovereign. 

Wives  of  the  Sovereign's  younger  sons. 

Wives  of  the  Sovereign's  grandsons. 

The  Sovereign's  granddaughters. 

The  Sovereign's  sisters. 

The  Sovereign's  annts. 

The  Sovereign's  nieces. 

Wives  of  Princes  of  the  Blood  Royal. 

Wives  of  the  elder  sons  of  Princes  of  the 

Blood  Royal. 
Daughters  of  Princes  of  the  Blood  Royal. 
Wives  of  the  younger  sons  of  Princes  of 

the  Blood  Royal. 

Daughters  of  the  younger  sons  of  Princes 

of  the  Blood  Royal. 

Duchesses. 

Marchionesses. 

Countesses. 

Viscountesses. 

Baronesses. 

Wives  of  the  elder  sons  of  Dukes. 

Daughters  of  Dukes. 

Wives  of  the  younger  sons  of  Dukes. 

Wives  of  the  elder  sons  of  Marquesses. 

Daughters  of  Marquesses. 

Wives  of  the  younger  sons  of  Marquesses. 

Wives  of  the  elder  sons  of  Earls. 

Daughters  of  Earls. 

Wives  of  the  younger  sons  of  Earls. 

Wives  of  the  elder  sons  of  Visconnts. 

Daughters  of  Viscounts. 

Wives  of  the  younger  sons  of  Viscounts. 


Wives  of  the  elder  sons  of  Barons. 

Daughters  of  Barons. 

Wives  of  the  younger  sons  of  Barons. 

Wives  of  Archbishops. 

Wives  of  Bishops. 

Wives  of  Baronets. 

Wives  of  Knights  Grand  Crosses  of  the 

following  Orders  in  succession : 

Garter. 

Thistle. 

Bath. 

St.  Patrick. 

St.  Michael  and  St.  George. 

Guelph. 

Wives  of  Knights  Commanders  of  the 

same  in  succession. 

Wives  of  Knights  Bachelors. 

Wives  of  the  eldest  sons  of  the  younger 

sons  of  Peers. 

Daughters  of  the  younger  sons  of  Peers. 

Wives  of  Knights  Companions  of  the  Bath. 

Wives  of  the  younger  sons  of  the  younger 

sons  of  Peers. 

Wives  of  the  elder  sons  of  Baronets. 

Daughters  of  Baronets. 

Wives  of  the  elder  sons  of  Knights  in 

succession  as  before. 
Daughters  of  Knights  Companions  of  the 

Bath. 

Wives  of  Esquires  and  Gentlemen. 

Daughters  of  Esquires  and  Gentlemen. 


THE  SEPTUAGINT  OF  THE  MOSCOW  BIBLE  SOCIETY. 

TA  BIBAIA,  TOVT  ecrrcv,  'H  0e/a  Tpafpij  Tfjs  HaXaids  re  Kal  Kao'^t 
^laOtiKtiSj  *li  fjiev  UaXaia  Kara  Tovi  *'EflbofxiiKOVTay  Ik  tov  &$  ol6y  re 
uKpifiws  CKboO^VTos  cLpyaiov  'AXeJav^pcvov  x^^P^VP^^^^f  *H  bk  Kacio) 
K,  r.  X.  ^K^€TV7rb)drj  bi*  evXoylas  Tfjs  *  Ay  nararrjs  AioiKovtrtjs  ^vvdbov 
TlaaCfy  rwy  'Vwtrtnwyy  irapa  rfjs  Kara  ri/f  M6(r')(ap  'lepopifiXiKfis  Koc- 
poTTjTos.    'Er  M6(r\fj^.    Ev  r^  Trjs  *  Ay  itarcLTris  ^vydbov  Tviroypaf^el^^ 

€T€l  (jfUtKa, 

H  HAAAIA  AIABHKH  KATA  TOTZ  'EBAOMHKONTA.  The  Greek  Septnagint 
Version  of  the  Old  Testament  according  to  the  Vatican  Edition :  together  with 
the  real  Septuagint  Version  of  Daniel  and  the  Apocrypha,  including  the  Fourth 
Book  of  Maccabees,  and  an  Historical  Introduction.   London.  Bagster  and  Sooa. 


HAVING  laid  before  our  readers  a 
detailed  account  of  the  respective  edi- 
tions of  the  LXX.  by  the  Christian 
Knowledge  Society,  and  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  we  now  propose  to 
take  a  short  and  summary  notice  of 
that  edition  of  the  Moscow  Septuagint, 
which  constitutes  the  basis  of  the 
former,  and  from  which  the  Synod 
of  Attica  entailed  such  painful  per- 
plexities on  the  London  Board.  It  is 
somewhat  amusing  to  find,  that  these 
blunders  and  perp&xities  may  be  traced 


to  an  edition  of  the  LXX.  which  ra» 
ther  more  than  thirty  years  ago  (1821) 
was  published  by  the  Moscow  Bible 
Society.  It  appears  that,  shortly  be- 
fore the  death  of  the  Emperor  Alex- 
ander, two  zealous  Russian  merchants, 
brothers,  named  Zosimadoi  (&v  y)  itviffiii 
lerai  uq  aitiya,  Praaf.)  prevailed  on 
the  Russian  Synod  to  allow  them  to 
print  this  edition  of  the  Septuagint  at 
their  own  expense,  as  members  of  the 
Bible  Society  at  Moscow.  It  forms  a 
handsome  quarto,  and  is  neither  nunv 


1834.]  llie  Septuagint  of  the  Moscow  Bible  Society. 


876 


or  less  than  a  reprint  of  Grabe's  edi- 
tion (Oxford,  1707-9),  without  the 
notes  and  illustrations. 

These  were  days,  when  the  British 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society  felt  no  scru- 
ple in  blending  the  Apocrypha  with  the 
canonical  books,  in  their  Continental 
editions.  Till  the  hurricane  about  the 
Apocrypha,  it  was  regarded  as  no 
dishonour  to  the  Word  of  God,  to  com- 
mingle it  with  the  word  of  ra.an.  To 
please  the  Romanist,  or  the  member 
of  the  Greek  Church,  Susanna  and 
Daniel  and  Bel  and  the  Dragon  were 
thrown  together.  But  the  Ilaldanes 
and  Dr.  Thompson  sounded  the  alarm, 
and  the  Philistmes  were  driven  beyond 
Dan  and  Beersheba.  It  is  marvellous 
what  changes  have  taken  place  in  the 
last  thirty  years ;  but  it  is  still  more 
marvellous,  that  the  Christian  Know- 
ledge Society  did  not  remember  and 
consider  these  changes. 

The  rule  is  now  made  absolute — 
there  shall  he  iio  Apocrypha.  It  is  a 
wise  rule,  and  a  safe.  It  is  the  rule 
and  symbol  of  Protestantism.  Form- 
erly, it  was  thought,  you  might  favour 
a  weak  brother — you  might  help  him 
with  some  rotten  crutch.  But  it  is 
now  discovered,  that  it  is  much  better 
to  place  him  upon  his  own  legs,  and  to 
enable  him  to  walk,  without  any  crutch. 
We  feel  convinced,  that,  so  far  as  the 
Word  of  God  is  concerned,  this  is  the 
only  honest,  direct,  and  defensible 
course  of  procedure. 

Still,  there  must  be  some  regard 
paid  to  the  points  of  the  compass. 
The  Eastern  and  Western  world  will 
never  renounce  their  respective  dis- 
tinctions. In  the  East,  the  reverence 
for  the  version  of  the  LXX.  will  always 
be  much  higher  than  it  can  obtain  m 
the  West.  As  all  the  Oriental  versions 
(but  the  Syriac) — the  Samaritan,  the 
Geon^ian,  the  Arabic,  the  Armenian, 
the  Ethiopic,  the  Persian,  and  the 
Sclavonic — were  drawn  from  the  LXX. 
this  reverence  has  pervaded  all  the 
Eastern  churches.  Whatever  modern 
or  vernacular  versions  are  circulated 
amongst  these  churches,  should  there- 
fore unquestionably  be  made  from  the 
text  of  the  LXX. 

But  the  decision  of  Protestants  in 
favour  of  the  Hebrew  text  prevents 
their  coming  to  this  natural  and  equi- 
table compromise.  There  is  an  absurd 
rule,  we  have  been  told,  in  the  Bible 


Society  by  which  no  version  can  be 
made  from  the  Septua|;int !  Accord- 
itigly}  they  attempt  to  circulate  Romaic 
versions  drawn  from  the  Hebrew  in 
Greece  and  Turkey,  instead  of  turn- 
ing the  Hellenistic  LXX.  into  modern 
Greek. — Now  this  is  a  sheer  example 
of  what  may  be  called  ultra-Protestant 
bigotry. 

How  different  was  the  conduct  of 
Fhilin  Melancthon  \  In  1545,  he  pub- 
lishea  an  edition  of  the  LXX.  at  Basil, 
to  which  he  has  prefixed  a  preface, 
wherein  the  claims  of  the  Greek  ver- 
sion are  impartially  stated.  He  does 
not  pretend  to  question  the  superiority 
of  the  Hebrew,  as  the  original ;  but 
he  pleads  for  the  Septuagint,  as  used 
by  the  Greek  Church,  as  quoted  by 
the  Apostles,  and  of  infinite  utility  in 
illustrating  the  New  Testament.  Ker- 
siotiem  verb  Oracam  Prophetarum  scio 
longe  squalidiorem  esse  suis  fontihus; 
sed  tamen  extare  earn  utile  esty  dim  ea 
Or(Bci  etiamnum  utantur,  et  coUaiio 
scepe  Latinis  prodesse  possit:  denique 
cum  sententice  a  Patdo  citata  ostendantj 
tunc  earn  in  manibus  Apostolorumfidsse* 
Postremo  tdiUtas  non  aspemanda  e$t^  quod 
cUm  sermonem  Apostoli  Orisce  scrwentes 
ex  hoc  lihro  sumpserinty  melius  inteUi' 
gent  pondera  verborum  in  Apostolicis 
scriptist  qui  attente  leeent  hunc  lihrum. 

Had  Melancthon  lived  at  the  pre- 
sent day,  when  the  missionary  spirit  is 
so  alive  to  raising  up  the  Greek  Church 
from  its  present  prostrate  and  forlorn 
condition,  would  he  have  hesitated 
to  circulate  modern  versions  from 
the  LXX.  in  any  part  of  the  East? 
Would  he  have  hesitated  to  dissemi- 
nate Romaic  editions  of  the  Septuagint 
throughout  Greece,  and  Turkey,  and 
Russia  ?  To  make  **  new"  versions  in 
the  Romaic  from  the  Hebrew  text,  is 
a  work  very  difficult  and  full  of  dan- 
ger, plenum  opus  cdcce.  It  supposes 
the  most  perfect  knowledge  or  the 
Hebrew  and  the  Romaic,  and,  when 
accomplished,  it  is  calculated  to  puzzle 
and  confound  the  modern  Greek,  who 
has  always  been  accustomed  to  the 
text  of  tne  LXX.  But,  if  you  pre- 
sent to  him  this  accustomed  text  in  his 
own  vernacular,  he  reads  it  off  as  a 
spoken  language,  and  he  at  once  ac- 
knowledges the  words  of  Holy  Writ. 
The  same  inference  will  apply  to  those 
more  distant  lands,  in  whicn  the  Arabic, 
the  Ethiopio,  or  the  Persic  yersions  are 


376 


The  Septuagint  of  the  Moscow  Bible  Society »        [  April, 


ill  use.  These  are  the  langaages  of 
the  priests  and  the  learned^  the  com- 
mon people  have  their  own  dialect, 
and  in  that  dialect,  or  vulgar  tongue, 
modern  versions  of  the  Old  Testament 
Scriptures  should  be  based  on  the  L  XX., 
and  the  missionaries  who  address  them 
should  preach  from  the  LXX. 

But,  to  effect  this  object,  it  is  neces- 
sary that  the  text  of  the  LXX.  should 
be  restored  to  something  like  its  pri- 
meval state,  that  it  should  be  brought 
into  union  with  the  Hebrew,  that  its 
chapters  and  verses  should  be  arranged 
according  to  that  standard.  There 
will  always  remain  some  important  dis- 
crepancies between  the  version  and 
the  original — there  will  always  be  suf- 
ficient matter  for  critical  dispute — but, 
so  far  as  the  knowledge  of  saving  truth 
is  concerned,  the  Old  Testament — 
whether  read  according  to  the  Hebrew 
or  the  Septuagintal  text — will  ever 
bear  the  same  witness  to  Christ  and 
Christianity. 

We  wish,  therefore,  to  call  the  espe- 
cial attention  of  the  Christian  Know- 
ledge and  the  Bible  Society  to  the 
diimsion  of  cheap  and  portable  editions 
of  the  Septuagint  in  modern  Greek,  as 
the  most  powerful  and  natural  means 
of  bringing  the  great  mass  of  Oriental 
Christians  to  the  knowledge  of  Moses 
and  the  Prophets.  The  history  of  the 
Christian  Church,  from  its  earliest  in- 
fancy, testifies  to  the  importance  and 
?rovidential  designs  of  this  version, 
'he  earliest  of  Christians  were  the 
Hellenistic  Jews,  who  had  been  accus- 
tomed to  the  reading  of  the  LXX., 
and  who  recognised  in  Jesus  and  his 
disciples  the  verification  of  the  ancient 
Prophets.  During  the  succeeding  four 
hundred  years,  that  version  continued 
the  pahultim  of  the  Christian  Church. 
Even  long  after  Jerome  made  his  Latin 
version  from  the  Hebrew,  it  was  widely 
used  in  the  Western,  whilst  it  remained 
the  sole  Scriptures  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, in  the  Eastern  Church.  It  is 
there  the  only  authorised  text  at  the 
present  day ;  but  its  language  is  no 
longer  spoken  in  its  ancient,  or  rather 
Hellenistic,  type.  It  requires,  there- 
fore, to  be  modernised  into  the  ver- 
nacular Romaic  in  Greece  and  Asia 
Minor,  and  throughout  a  large  portion 
of  Turkey ]^in  Europe. 


The  Sclavonic  tribes  have  always 
been  chiefly  connected  with  the  Eastern 
Church,  and  consequently  have  been 
accustomed  to  derive  their  knowledge 
of  the  Old  Testament  from  the  Gredc 
text  —  the  modern  versions  in  their 
respective  dialects  should  therefore  be 
based  on  the  text  of  the  LXX. 

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  now 
to  bring  home  these  facts  to  the  busi- 
ness and  bosom  of  all  who  feel  any 
interest  in  the  cause  of  Protestantism 
in  the  East.  The  Czars  of  Russia,  ever 
since  the  time  of  Peter  the  First,  have 
aspired  to  be  the  spiritual,  as  well  as 
temporal,  despots  over  theirj  intermi- 
nable dominions.*  Formerly,  the  Pa- 
triarch of  Constantinople  contested  the 
ecclesiastical  primacy  with  the  Pope ; 
but  the  Czar  is  now  the  reigning  Ori- 
ental Pontiff.  During  the  reign  of 
Alexander,  this  spiritual  power  was 
exercised  In  favour  of  the  Protestants 
and  the  Bible  Society — hence  the  pub- 
lication of  the  Moscow  Septuagint  in 
1821 — but  at  his  death,  affairs  took 
another  turn.  The  Emperor  Nicholas 
expelled  the  Society  and  the  mission- 
aries— his  policy  led  him  to  keep 
down  the  growing  liberties  of  the  Chris- 
tians in  Turkey — the  Patriarch  became 
his  servile  instrument.  The  Sultans 
from  policy  took  the  more  liberal  view 
of  their  Christian  subjects.  It  is  this 
opposition  of  policy  which  has  led  to 
tnat  strange  and  anomalous  spectacle 
which  we  now  behold. 

Here  are  England  and  France  leagued 
together  apparently  to  uphold  the 
Crescent  against  the  Cross,  whilst 
Russia  is  apparently  upholding  the 
Cross  against  the  Crescent.  But  all 
this  is  mere  mirage,,  it  is  decepHo  vistu. 
The  real  antagonists  are  knowledge, 
liberty,  civilisation,  on  one  part,  super- 
stition, despotism,  and  barbarism,  on 
the  other.  Pope  Nicholas  in  the  East, 
like  Pope  Pius  m  the  West,  is,  as  usual, 
opposca  to  the  Bible  Society  and  to  all 
Protestant  missions.  He  has  no  ob- 
jection to  the  Greek  Church,  so  long 
as  it  keeps  the  commonalty  in  igno- 
rance and  superstition.  He  is  the  advo- 
cate of  the  priesthood  and  the  svnod, 
so  long  as  they  obey  his  mandates; 
but  the  Bible  Society  and  Bishop  Go- 
bat  are  his  instinctive  aversion;  for 
how  should  a  Pope  fall  in  love  with 


*  See  Spencer's  Travels  in  European  Turkey  in  1850,  toI.  I.  pp.  204 — 248. 


1854.]  The  Septuagint  of  the  Moscow  Bible  Society. 

that  civil  and  ecclesiastical  liberty  which 
is  the  offspring  of  Protestantism  ? 

But  to  strike  home  to  the  Czar,  to 
call  forth  all  his  zeal  and  animosity, 
one  thing  is  yet  wanted,  that  is,  the 
diffusion  of  the  Greek  Bible  in  the 
modern  dialects  of  the  East,  according 
to  the  Alexandrian  text  of  the  LXX. 
Let  Romaic,  Slavonic,  Georgian,  and 
Hungarian  copies  of  the  Septuagint  be 
disseminated  in  every  direction,  accom- 
panied with  corresponding  versions  of 
the  New  Testament;  nothing  would 
so  tend  to  break  the  fetters  of  ig- 
norance and  superstition — to  destroy 
the  despotism  oi  the  priest — to  intro- 
duce freedom  of  conscience  and  liberty 
of  thought.  But  it  should  be  the  pure 
and  original  Septuagint,  undefiled  with 
Apocrypha.  It  should  be  the  Sep- 
tuagint in  the  order  of  the  Hebrew  and 
English  Bible.  Such  a  Romaic  Sep- 
tuagint would  form  a  new  era  in  Greece 
and  Turkey,  at  St.  Petersburgh  and 
Moscow. 

We  cannot  close  this  article  with- 
out a  brief  notice  of  an  edition  of  the 
LXX.  which  has  lately  appeared  from 
the  press  of  Messrs.  Bagster.  After 
the  severe  condemnation  which  we 
have  been  compelled  to  pass  on  the 
Septuagints  of  the  Christian  Know- 
ledge Society  and  the  University  of 
Oxford,  it  is  pleasant  to  sound  the  notes 
of  praise  and  commendation  on  this 
truly  excellent  edition.  It  follows  the 
Protestant  order  of  the  books,  and 
throws  the  Apocrypha  to  the  rear, 
with  the  exception  of  the  spurious  parts 
of  Esther.  It  introduces  no  idolatrous 
ascriptions  to  the  Virgin,  under  the 
semblance  of  Potior  Varietas  Codicis 
Alexandrini.  But  we  are  sorry  that 
the  apocrvphal  song  of  "The  Three 
Children  *  ba4  been  allowed  to  remain 
in  the  third  chapter  of  the  Septuagintal 
Daniel,  and  that  "Susanna"  and  "Bel" 
have  been  subjoined,  p.  757. 

The  distinguishing  feature  of  this 
edition  is  the  "Introduction,"  giving 
"  an  historical  account  of  the  Septua- 
gint version,  and  of  the  principal  texts 
in  which  it  is  current."  Though  brief, 
it  is  eminently  comprehensive.  It  is 
evidently  the  result  of  much  reading, 
and  of  sound  scholarship.  But  we 
cannot  agree  with  the  learned  editor*s 
estimate  of  the  Septuagint,  that  it  is 
nothing  more  than  "  an  honestly-made 
version;"  or  that  the  apostles  conferred 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLL 


377 


on  it  no  higher  character  by  their  nu- 
merous citations.  Certain  it  is,  that 
their  own  writings  would  then  be  re- 
duced to  the  same  level ;  for  no  writer 
can  rise  above  the  authorities  on  which 
his  own  claims  to  credibility  are 
founded. 

If  this  be  true  of  human  writers  on 
ordinary  topics,  how  much  more  power- 
fully does  it  apply  to  the  evangelists 
and  apostles — ^men  professing  to  be 
immediatelv  inspired  n'om  above !  Had 
such  men  funded  their  appeals  to  the 
Old  Testament  on  faulty  ana  erroneous 
translations,  their  authority  would  have 
been  liable  to  every  species  of  objec- 
tion. It  would  have  been  at  once  re- 
plied by  the  Pharisees  and  doctors  of 
the  law, — You  misunderstand  and  mis- 
apply our  Scriptures ;  you  are  adopt- 
ing a  version  which  does  not  represent 
the  sense  of  the  original.  Such  arc 
the  assertions  of  our  modem  Hebrew 
lecturers;  but  we  never  hear  that 
these  objections  were  ursed  of  old 
against  Jesus  and  the  apostles — a  plain 
evidence  that  the  version  of  the  Sep- 
tuaeint  was  then  esteemed  of  standard 
authority. 

The  least,  the  lowest,  view  which  can 
be  taken  is  this,^that  so  much  of  the 
LXX.  as  is  found  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment is  of  the  same  rank  in  truth  and 
value  as  the  context,  and  that  no  ap- 
parent discrepancies  of  the  Hebrew 
shall  be  allowed  to  degrade  these  cita- 
tions. When  their  number  and  variety 
are  impartially  considered,  we  feel  fully 
convinced  that  the  great  majority  of 
believers  in  the  inspiration  of  the 
writers  of  the  New  Testament,  will 
deem  the  version  of  the  LXX.  some- 
thing more  than  "an  honesUy-made 
version,  in  pretty  general  use  at  the 
time  when  they  wrote." — But  we  must 
again  declare  our  approbation  of  this 
edition,  and  of  the  valuable  Introduc- 
tion, subject  to  these  limitations. — "We 
find,"  says  its  author,  "amongst  the 
members  of  the  Eastern  churches  who 
use  the  Greek  language,  that  the  Sep- 
tuagint has  been,  ana  is  still,  so  tho- 
roughly received  as  authentic  Scripture, 
that  any  effort  to  introduce  amongst 
them  versions  which  accurately  repre- 
sent the  Hebrew  (as  has  been  attempted 
in  modern  times)  has  been  wholly 
fruitless."— Let  tms  fact  be  calmly  dis- 
cussed at  our  approaching  religious 
anniversaries. 

8C 


380 


Correspondence  of  Sylvantts  Urban, 
The  Lord  Mayor's  Pageant  of  1684. 


[April, 


1 1 ,  Montpelier-tquare,  Brompton, 
Mr.  Urban, — Among  the  "  waifg  and 
strays'^  of  ephemeral  literature  there  are 
few  pamphlets  of  greater  rarity  than  those 
which  descrihed  the  pageants  exhibited  in 
London  on  the  occasion  of  the  inaugura- 
tion of  its  Lord  Mayor. 

In  1831  Mr.  John  Gough  Nichols  ap- 
pended to  his  Account  of  London  Pageants 
a  bibliographical  list  of  these  productions 
of  the  civic  poets  laureate. 

Induced  by  that  list,  and  by  a  few  scat- 
tered notices  of  the  contents  of  these 
pamphlets,  I  was  led  to  publish  under 
the  auspices  of  the  late  Percy  Society  two 
volumes  descriptive  of  these  annual  cele- 
brations, for  which  purpose  I  visited  the 
Bodleian  and  other  public  and  private 
libraries,  and,  though  I  was  unable  to  see 
many  of  those  which  figured  in  Mr.  Ni- 
chols's list,  yet  I  had  the  advantage  of  that 
gentleman's  knowledge  in  adding  many 
notes  and  additions  to  my  book.  After 
that,  a  few  more  came  under  my  inspec- 
tion, which  I  described  in  the  introduction 
to  a  collection  of  songs  from  civic  pageants 
published  also  by  the  Percy  Society ;  and 
I  now  owe  to  the  courtesy  of  John  Bruce, 
esq.  Treasurer  of  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries, the  communication  of  one  other 
pageant  which  I  had  not  seen  before,  and 
which  that  gentleman  discovered  in  the 
library  of  Sir  Harry  Verney,  Bart.  It  is 
comparatively  late  in  date,  but  is  the  pro- 
duction of  one  of  the  best  of  City  poets, 
Thomas  Jordan,  who  enlivened  his  pageants 
with  songs  and  speeches  to  a  greater  extent 
than  others  who  had  preceded  him,  and 
showed  considerable  ability  in  whimsical 
impersonations.     The  title  runs  thus : — 

**  London's  Royal  Triumph  for  the 
City's  Loyal  Magistrate.  Performed  on 
Wednesday,  Oct.  29,  1684,  at  the  inaugu- 
ration of  the  Rt.  Honble.  Sir  James  Smith, 
Knt.  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of  London. 
Devised  and  composed  by  Tho.  Jordan, 
Gent." 

The  first  pageant  was  exhibited  in 
Cheapside,  and  represented  the  chariot  of 
Industry,  *'  accomodated  with  twelve  vir- 
gins" and  *'  the  speaker,"  MeiropolUf  **a 
majestick,  masculine  woman,  sitting  on  a 
seat  of  Maioralty,  like  that  of  the  hustings 
in  Guild'hall,  thus  habited  :  a  black  curPd 
peruke,  and  on  it  a  silver  helmet,  with  a 
large  plume  of  feathers,  red,  white,  green, 
orange,  and  blew,  which  are  her  martial 
habillaments.  A  velvet  gown  of  scarlet 
and  purple  in  pale,  equally  divided.  A 
bright  chain  of  gold  double  about  her 
shoulders,  a  gold  scarf  about  her  middle, 
deep  frioged  with  silver  :  in  one  hanr* 
bears  the  City  sr*^^  b 

blazoned  with  t^ 


Her  twelve  companions  represent  the 
twelve  livery  companies.  They  each  bear 
the  shield  of  arms  used  by  them  respec- 
tively, and  are  thus  habited:  1.  Jkferea- 
turot  for  the  Mercers,  wears  a  silver  robe, 
a  mantle  of  pink  sarsnet,  and  a  gold  coro- 
net. 2.  Aromaioriat  for  the  Grocers, 
wears  a  white  satin  robe,  a  black  sarsoet 
mantle  fringed  with  silver,  and  a  silver 
coronet  sprinkled  with  cloves.  3.  Paii- 
nariot  for  the  Drapers,  wears  a  purple 
robe,  a  scarlet  mantle,  and  a  wreath  of 
bays  tipped  with  gold.  4.  PUearia,  for 
the  Fishmongers,  is  dressed  in  sea-green 
and  silver.  5.  AunferOf  for  the  Gold* 
smiths,  wears  a  gold  robe,  a  silver  mantle, 
and  a  crown  imperial;  holding  a  touch- 
stone in  her  left  hand.  6.  Pelieula,  for 
the  Skinners,  in  a  robe  of  ermine,  a  mantle 
of  gold,  and  an  imperial  crown.  7.  Ket- 
iiariat  for  the  Merchant-taylors,  in  a  robe 
of  scarlet,  a  purple  mantle,  and  sea-green 
coronet,  on  whose  top  is  a  ship  under  saiL 
8.  MinutariOf  for  the  Haberdashers,  in  a 
robe  of  sky-colour  and  gold,  a  mantle  of 
divers  colours,  her  **  locks  fiill  tyed  with 
sundry  sorts  of  small  ribbon  of  varioui 
colors,  a  gaudy  chaplet  of  divers  delight- 
full  flowers."  9.  <Sa/tfia,  for  the  Saltera, 
in  a  sky-colored  robe,  a  carnation  mantle, 
both  fringed  with  gold,  and  a  cbaplet  of 
white  and  yellow  roses.  10.  Ferran'a,  for 
the  Ironmongers,  in  a  robe  of  red  satin 
and  a  gold  mantle,  *'  tyed  with  a  broad 
Mazerine  blew  ribbon."  11.  Ftnt/ort«, 
for  the  Vintners,  in  a  robe  of  white  ailk 
embroidered  with  vines,  grapes,  and  leaves; 
on  her  head  a  wreath  of  vine  and  grapei. 
12.  LanariOt  for  the  Cloth- workers,  in  a 
robe  of  black  and  gold,  with  a  silver  mantle 
and  a  coronet  of  golden  teazles.  The 
chariot  was  drawn  by  two  lions  OR,|iel- 
Med  SABLE — one  rode  by  a  '*  young 
Oriental  Indian  negro  royally  arrayed,  * 
bearing  the  English  banner ;  the  other  by 
"  a  West  Indian  cacick  or  lord,"  bearing 
the  Lord  Mayor*s  banner.  Meirapoiitf 
"  with  majestic  motion,  grandeur,  and 
gravity,"  addresses  a  speech  to  the  Mayor 
explanatory  of  the  pageant,  ending  with 
moral  exhortations  on  his  duties. 

The  second  pageant,  called  "  the  fsbrick 
of  Fate,'*  is  described  as  *<  a  delightfol 
structure  of  curious  dimensioni  according 
to  the  composite  order  of  architecture,  art- 
fully painted  and  richly  gilded,  containing 
ten  emblematic  figures.  Fortune,  Long- 
life,  Strength,  Riches,  Beauty,  Honovr, 
Liberty,  Pleasure,  Fancy,  and  Agility,  who 
are  all  "  in  contention  with  Fortune  which 
of  their  qualities  doth  most  merit  prehemi- 
nence,  and  are  particularly  answered  im 
^artiie  by  the  goddess  Fortune,  vocallyi 
rscf7«^t90<— 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


379 


sertioD  that  such  a  table  is  printed  rery 
conspicuously  at  the  commencement  of 
Jeremiah,  D.  1 597  ?  5.  Further,  the  editor 
is  accused  of  carelessness  for  not  sup- 
plying verses  27  to  31  in  Jerem.  Hi.  from 
the  Alexandrine  text.  Now  here  the 
editor  is  quite  guiltless  of  carelessness, 
but  the  writer  himself  cannot  be  deemed 
clear  either  of  ignorance  or  of  wilful 
misrep resentation.  For  the  verses  referred 
to  do  not  exist  in  the  Alex.  MS.  They 
appear  indeed  in  Grabe's  edition  and  in 
Breittinger's  reprint,  but  in  a  lesser  cha- 
racter, and  with  a  mark  shewing  that  they 


have  been  inserted  from  another  quarter  * 
and  it  has  been  already  stated  that 
such  interpolations  have  been  disregarded 
throughout  the  collation. 
^  Enough  has  now  been  said  in  contradic- 
tion to  the  writer's  barefaced  assertions. 
It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  in  his  zeal 
for  what  he  calls  Protestantism  he  has  for- 
gotten that  the  Christian  graces  of  truth 
and  charity  are  far  more  excellent  than 
spirit  of  party,  and  that  there  is  an  old 
adage  ever  to  be  kept  in  mind,  "  Candour 
should  accompany  criticism.*' 

Yours,  &C.  OXONIENSIS. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  turning  over  Poly- 
dore  Vergil's  work,  entitled  De  Rerum 
Inyentoribus,  **  Of  the  discoverers  of 
things,"  I  find  a  passage  illustrative  of  an 
interesting  subject  of  English  "Folklore.'' 
It  is  an  allusion  to  the  marriage  ceremonies 
practised  in  England  in  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury. I  should  mention  that  it  is  found 
in  the  earlier  part  of  the  book,  which  was 
published  in  1499,  shortly  after  the  au- 
thor's first  mission  to  England.  Perhaps 
some  of  your  correspondents  may  be  able 
to  throw  additional  light  upon  the  customs 
referred  to.  I  will  translate  the  passage 
entir^.  It  is  found  in  the  fourth  chapter 
of  the  first  book,  the  chapter  which  treats 
of  the  origin  of  marriage,  &c. :  — 

"  Among  the  Romans,  according  to 
Festus,  three  boys  who  had  each  a  father 
and  mother  livinpr,  accompanied  the  bride, 
one  to  carry  before  the  party  a  torch  of 
white-thorn,  for  the  marriage  took  place  at 
night,  as  we  are  told  by  Plutarch  in  his 
Problems^  and  the  two  others  to  support 
the  bride.  The  torch  was  borne  in  honour 
of  Ceres,  that  as  Ceres,  who  is  held  to  be 
the  mother  of  earth  and  creatrix  of  all 
its  products,  feeds  mortals,  so  the  bride 
becoming  a  housewife  might  feed  her 
children.  The  custom  is  preserved  to  this 
day,  especially  in  England,  that  two  youths 
accompany  the  lady,  as  paranymphi,  to 
church,  where  the  priest  blesses  her  and 
her  husband,  and  two  men  bring  them 
home,  while  a  third,  instead  of  a  torch, 
bears  before  them  a  vessel  of  silver  or  of 
gold.  The  bride — at  all  events  in  country 
plaees — is  led  home  with  m  wreath  of  com 
(spicea  corona)  upon  her  head,  or  carrying 
the  wreath  in  her  hand,  or  else,  as  she 
enters  the  house,  wheat  is  thrown  upon 
her  head,  as  though  fertility  were  to  follow 
from  this  ceremony.  But  to  return  to 
Roman  customs.  .  .  As  soon  as  the 
bride  was  brought  into  the  house  a  pecu- 
liar drink  was  offered  for  her  to  taste  : 
Nee  pigeat  tritum  niveo  cum  lacte  papaver 
Sumere  et  expre«sis  mella  liquata  farls ; 


Ancient  Wedding  Ceremonies. 

Cam  primam  cupido  Venus  est  dedacta  marito 
Uoc  bibit;  ex  illo  tempore  naptafuit. 

Ovid.  Fasti, 


Let  poppy  bruised  and  snow-white  milk  be  dreis'd 
With  liquid  honey  from  the  cells  expressed ; 
When  Venus  first  was  brought  to  Vulcan's  side, 
Of  this  she  dnmk,  and  thus  became  a  bride. 

**  Instead  of  all  these  ingredients  honey 
only  is  at  present  tasted  upon  these  occa- 
sions at  Rome.  In  the  same  manner 
among  the  English  the  bride,  after  the 
priest  has  pronounced  the  blessing  in  the 
church,  begins  to  drink,  the  groom  and 
the  other  persons  present  doing  after  her 
the  like." 

I  can  throw  no  further  light  upon  the 
ceremonies  here  mentioned,  except  by  the 
suggestion  that  the  Italian  clergyman  was 
very  probably  mistaken  in  supposing  there 
was  any  connection  between  the  English 
customs  and  those  which  he  cites  them  to 
illustrate.  The  drinking  last  mentioned 
was,  we  may  conjecture,  a  loving-cup 
which  was  drunk  to  the  health  of  the  bride 
and  bridegroom, — a  ceremony  now  de- 
ferred till  the  conclusion  of  the  wedding 
breakfast.  The  gold  or  silver  vessel,  which 
was  carried  before  the  wedding  party, 
may  have  been  the  tankard  of  Hippocras» 
Tyre,  or  Malvesey,  which  was  taken  to 
church  for  this  purpose.  The  paranftnphif 
in  the  shape  of  bridemen,  still  survive, 
but  an  orange-flower  wreath  has  been  sub- 
stituted for  the  wlieaten  garland  of  our 
great-great-grandmothers. 

The  following  passage  in  Harrison^s 
well-known  Description  of  England,  circa 
1585,  which  is  prefixed  to  Hollinshed's 
Chronicle,  may  allude  to  the  disuse  of 
some  of  the  customs 'referred  to  by  Poly- 
dore  Vergil : — '*  The  superfluous  numbers 
of  idle  wakes,  guilds,  fraternities,  church- 
ales,  helpe-ales,  and  soule-ales  called  also 
dirge-ales,  with  the  heathenieh  rioting  at 
tnide-Mlee,  are  well  diminished  and  laid 
aside." 

Yours,  &c.        F.  M.  N. 


380 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban* 
The  Lord  Mayor's  Pageant  of  1684. 


[April, 


1 1 ,  Montpelier-tquare,  Brompton, 

Mr.  Urban, — Among  the  "  waifs  and 
strays'"  of  ephemeral  literature  there  are 
few  pamphlets  of  gpreater  rarity  than  those 
which  described  the  pageants  exhibited  in 
London  on  the  occasion  of  the  inaugura- 
tion of  its  Lord  Mayor. 

In  1831  Mr.  John  Gough  Nichols  ap- 
pended to  his  Account  of  London  Pageants 
a  bibliographical  list  of  these  productions 
of  the  civic  poets  laureate. 

Induced  by  that  list,  and  by  a  few  scat- 
tered notices  of  the  contents  of  these 
pamphlets,  I  was  led  to  publish  under 
the  auspices  of  the  late  Percy  Society  two 
volumes  descriptive  of  these  annual  cele- 
brations, for  which  purpose  I  visited  the 
Bodleian  and  other  public  and  private 
libraries,  and,  though  I  was  unable  to  see 
many  of  those  which  figured  in  Mr.  Ni- 
chols's list,  yet  I  had  the  advantage  of  that 
gentleman's  knowledge  in  adding  many 
notes  and  additions  to  my  book.  After 
that,  a  few  more  came  under  my  inspec- 
tion, which  I  described  in  the  introduction 
to  a  collection  of  songs  from  civic  pageants 
published  also  by  the  Percy  Society  ;  and 
I  now  owe  to  the  courtesy  of  John  Bruce, 
esq.  Treasurer  of  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries, the  communication  of  one  other 
pageant  which  I  had  not  seen  before,  and 
which  that  gentleman  discovered  in  the 
library  of  Sir  Harry  Verney,  Bart.  It  is 
comparatively  late  in  date,  but  is  the  pro- 
duction of  one  of  the  best  of  City  poets, 
Thomas  Jordan,  who  enlivened  his  pageants 
with  songs  and  speeches  to  a  greater  extent 
than  others  who  had  preceded  him,  and 
showed  considerable  ability  in  whimsical 
impersonations.     The  title  runs  thus : — 

**  London's  Royal  Triumph  for  the 
City's  Loyal  Magistrate.  Performed  on 
Wednesday,  Oct.  29,  1684,  at  the  inaugu- 
ration of  the  Rt.  Honble.  Sir  James  Smith, 
Knt.  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of  London. 
Devised  and  composed  by  Tho.  Jordan, 
Gent." 

The  first  pageant  was  exhibited  in 
Cheapside,  and  represented  the  chariot  of 
Industry,  "  accomodated  with  twelve  vir- 
gins" and  **  the  speaker,"  Metropolis^  "a 
majestick,  masculine  woman,  sitting  on  a 
seat  of  Maioralty,  like  that  of  the  hustings 
in  Guild*hall,  thus  habited  :  a  black  curPd 
peruke,  and  on  it  a  silver  helmet,  with  a 
large  plume  of  feathers,  red,  white,  green, 
orange,  and  blew,  which  are  her  martial 
liabillaments.  A  velvet  gown  of  scarlet 
and  purple  in  pale,  equally  divided.  A 
bright  chain  of  gold  double  about  her 
Mhoulders,  a  gold  scarf  about  her  middle, 
deep  fringed  with  silver  ;  in  one  hand  she 
bears  the  City  sword,  and  the  banner  em- 
blazoned with  the  civic  arms  in  the  other." 


Her  twelve  companions  represent  the 
twelve  livery  companies.  They  each  bear 
the  shield  of  arms  used  by  them  respec- 
tively, and  are  thus  habited :  1 .  Merea^ 
turot  for  the  Mercers,  wears  a  silver  robe, 
a  mantle  of  pink  sarsnet,  and  a  gold  coro- 
net. 2.  Aromaloriat  for  the  Grocers, 
wears  a  white  satin  robe,  a  black  sarsnet 
mantle  fringed  with  silver,  and  a  silver 
coronet  sprinkled  with  cloves.  3.  Pan' 
naritty  for  the  Drapers,  wears  a  purple 
robe,  a  scarlet  mantle,  and  a  wreath  of 
bays  tipped  with  gold.  4.  Pisearia,  for 
the  Fishmongers,  is  dressed  in  sea-green 
and  silver.  5.  Auriferat  for  the  Gold* 
smiths,  wears  a  gold  robe,  a  silver  mantle, 
and  a  crown  imperial;  holding  a  touch- 
stone in  her  left  hand.  6.  Pelicula,  for 
the  Skinners,  in  a  robe  of  ermine,  a  mantle 
of  gold,  and  an  imperial  crown.  7.  Fira- 
tiaria,  for  the  Merchant -taylors,  in  a  robe 
of  scarlet,  a  purple  mantle,  and  sea-green 
coronet,  on  whose  top  is  a  ship  under  saiL 
8.  Minulariaj  for  the  Haberdashers,  in  a 
robe  of  sky-colour  and  gold,  a  mantle  of 
divers  colours,  her  '*  locks  full  tyed  with 
sundry  sorts  of  small  ribbon  of  various 
colors,  a  gaudy  chaplet  of  divers  delight- 
full  flowers."  9.  Saiina,  for  the  Salten, 
in  a  sky-colored  robe,  a  carnation  mantle, 
both  fringed  with  gold,  and  a  chaplet  of 
white  and  yellow  roses.  10.  Ferraria,  for 
the  Ironmongers,  in  a  robe  of  red  satin 
and  a  gold  mantle,  **  tyed  with  a  broad 
Mazerine  blew  ribbon."  11.  Vinitoria^ 
for  the  Vintners,  in  a  robe  of  white  silk 
embroidered  witii  vines,  grapes,  and  leaves; 
on  her  head  a  wreath  of  vine  and  grapes. 
12.  Lanaria,  for  the  Cloth- workers,  in  a 
robe  of  black  and  gold,  with  a  silver  mantle 
and  a  coronet  of  golden  teazles.  The 
chariot  was  drawn  by  two  lions  OR^pel' 
leied  SABLE — one  rode  by  a  "  younf 
Oriental  Indian  negro  royally  arrayed,  "* 
bearing  the  English  banner ;  the  other  by 
"  a  West  Indian  cacick  or  lord,"  bearing 
the  Lord  Mayor's  banner.  MetropoUs, 
"  with  majestic  motion,  grandeur,  and 
gravity,"  addresses  a  speech  to  the  Mayor 
explanatory  of  the  pageant,  ending  with 
moral  exhortations  on  bis  duties. 

The  second  pageant,  called  **  the  fabrick 
of  Fate,"  is  described  as  "  a  delightful 
structure  of  curious  dimensions  according 
to  the  composite  order  of  architecture,  art- 
fully painted  and  richly  gilded,  containing 
ten  emblematic  figures,  Fortune,  Long- 
life,  Strength,  Riches,  Beauty,  Honour, 
Liberty,  Pleasure,  Fancy,  and  Agility,  who 
are  all  "  in  contention  with  Fortune  whieh 
of  their  qualities  doth  most  merit  prehemi- 
nence,  and  are  particularly  answered  ia 
repartee  by  the  goddess  Fortone,  vocaUXi 
in  ttilo  reciMho — 


1834.]  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  "381 

Fortune,  I  am  the  great  goddess 
That  governs  the  bodies 

Of  mortals  by  sea  and  by  land ; 
What  men  cannot  hit 
By  Strength,  wealth,  and  wit, 
I  do  but  with  turning  my  hand. 
Choruf,  Then  cease  your  contention,  and  silence  your  brawl, 
Ye  quarrel  for  nothing,  'tis  Fortune  doth  alL 

2. 
Long-life,  Long-life,  long-life,  long-life  is  a  thing 

That  pleases  the  peasant,  and  comforts  the  king : 
In  lusty  long  life  there  be  many  expedients, 
Long  life  is  the  promised  reward  of  obedients. 
Fortune,  But  when  with  diseases  and  crosses  attended. 

They  dayly  do  wish  that  their  long  life  was  ended. 

3. 
Strength,  Strength,  when  'tis  well  managed  with  valour  and  vigor, 

Subdues  mighty  princes,  and  rules  them  with  rigor  ; 

"Us  bold  and  imperious ;  it  stoutly  endures, 

Makes  courtiers  of  coblers,  and  barons  of  brewers : 

Turns  kingdoms  to  states 
Fortune.  But  when  Fortune  prohibits, 

Then  down  go  the  states-men,  and  up  go  the  jibbets. 

4. 

Riches,  Tis  rare  to  be  rich ;  for  in  riches  men  find 

All  things  that  are  pleasant  for  body  or  mind : 
It  comprehends  all  things — 'tis  treasure  that  paints 
Rebellion,  and  gave  a  long  life  to  such  saints. 
Fortune,  But  when  they  were  drawn  on  a  sledge  or  a  cart. 

Wealth  could  not  prevail,  saints  and  angels  must  part. 
Chorus,  Then  cease  your  contention,  and  silence  your  brawl. 
For  Riches  hath  wings,  and  will  fly  from  ye  all. 

5. 
Beauty,  There  is  no  such  treasure  as  bright  Beauty  brings ; 
'Tipleasure  to  all,  and  it  captivates  kings  : 
To  female  fair  faces  men  uU  do  their  duty, 
Troy-town  is  in  ashes,  burned  down  by  a  beauty  ; 
Fortune,  But,  after  ten  years  spent  in  war  for  a  feather. 
The  town  and  the  trifle  ly  buried  together. 
Chorus,  Then  cease  your  contention,  &c. 

6. 
Honour.  Men  hazard  long  life,  wealth,  and  beauty  for  Honor, 
The  wealthiest  and  wisest  do  all  doat  upon  her  ; 
True  Honour's  derived  from  royal  relation  : 
'Tis  Honour's  the  cause  of  this  day's  celebration. 
Fortune,  Your  Honour's  mistaken,  for  Fortune's  power  such  is. 
She  can  make  a  dairy-wench  rise  to  a  dutchess. 
Chorus,  Long-life,  Strength,  and  Beauty,  and  Honour  must  fall 
To  nothing;  but  he  that  hath  Fortune,  hath  all. 

Fortune,  then,  in  a  rhyming  speech,  declares  that  she  will  protect 

*'  London's  Lord  Mayor, 
And  with  my  benediction  charm  his  chayr, 
His  sword,  and  balance,  that  no  plotting  zealot 
May  wrong  the  magistrate,  the  prince,  or  prelate ; 
And  that  bis  twelve  months'  regiment  may  be 
Blest  in  the  progress  and  catastrophe." 

The  speech  ended,  the  Mayor  proceeds  herdesses,  who,  in  pastoral  order  to  the 

to '*  Bow -steeple,"  where  the  third  pageant  Mayor  and  Recorder,  do  sweeten  their 

is  placed,  representing  '*  a  rustick  building,  throats  with  musical  notes,  where  in  madri- 

called  a  grove  or  grotto,  in  which  there  sit  gal  manner,  with  scrip,  hook,  and  banner, 

four  couple  of  princely  shepherds  and  shep-  with  bag-pipe  and  fiddle,  and  a  ram  in  the 


382 


Con*espondefice  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[April, 


middle,    with    courage    undaunted,   they     dressing  the  Mayor  in  ft  figvrftthre  speech, 
chearfully  chant  it/'  and  sing  a  loTe  ditty,     and  exhorting  him  to 
'*  Pastor  Fido  the  great  Shepherd,"  ad- 


**  Secure  his  flock  from  the  voracious  maws 
Of  wolves,  and  little  foxes*  teeth  and  paws." 


After  much  good  counsel,  an  *^  amorous 
shepherd  and  shepherdess^'  sing  another 
love  ditty,  and  *'  my  Lord  departeth  well 
pleased,  and  with  his  reverend  retinue  pro- 
ceedeth  in  his  progress  towards  Guild-hall, 
hut  is  once  more  intercepted  by  a  fourth 
pageant,  called  the  Downs  of  Delight, 
where  are  divers  poor  shepherds  and  shep- 
herdesses singing,  dancing,  piping,  vault- 
ing, tumbling,  with  all  the  accomplish- 
ments of  a  pastoral  scene  of  drolls  ;  and 
the  old  spyder  (I  mean  spinner),  at  her 
woollen  wheel,  whilst  the  corders  claw  it 
away  :  and  every  person  in  the  scene 
strives  with  one  another  who  shall  be 


most  eminent  in  the  curiosity  of  confu- 
sion and  dignity  of  disorder.  The  obser- 
vation of  which  sent  my  Lord  away  in  a 
fit  of  laughter,  which  lasted  till  he  came 
to  Grocers' -hall,'*  where  the  banquet  is 
held.  "  The  several  silk-works  and  tri- 
umphs are  likewise  conveyed  into  Black- 
well-hall,  and  the  children  that  tit  in  the 
pageants  there  refresh  themselves/*  The 
description  concludes  with  a  song  as  *'  A 
welcome  home  to  the  King  and  Duke,  upon 
their  return  from  Newmarket,  Oct  23, 
1684,  and  passing  tfarongh  the  city/'  It 
ends  thus — 


(i 


Guild-hall  yields  no  ryots,  the  rabbles  are  banish'd. 
The  king,  duke,  and  city,  one  government  steers, 

Tub-doctors  are  silenced,  and  tumults  are  vanish'd. 
As  vapours  disperse  when  Apoih  appears." 


The  chief  interest  of  this  pageant  con- 
sists in  the  curious  impersonation  of  the 
twelve  great  livery  companies,  all  **  pro- 
perly habited"  for  the  delectation  of  the 
citizens,  and  of  which  I  do  not  remember 
another  instance.  The  political  allusions 
are  also  of  interest,  particularly  in  stanza  4 
of  the  song,  which  takes  for  its  theme  the 


execution  of  the  regicides  by  Charles  the 
Second.  The  concluding  lines  of  the  last 
extract  allude  to  the  warfare  between 
court  and  city,  which  ended  in  that  uncon- 
stitutional act — the  suspension  of  the  city 
charter. 

I  am,  Sir,  yours  very  truly, 

F.  W.  Fairholt. 


NORDBN,   THE   ToPOGRAPHBR. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  following  particu- 
lars relating  to  this  industrious  writer, 
taken  as  they  are  from  original  sources, 
will,  I  trust,  prove  of  some  interest  to 
your  readers.  Where  little  is  actually 
known,  additional  information  is  valued  in 
a  higher  proportion  than  its  intrinsic 
worth  would  otherwise  justify ;  and  every- 
thing relating  to  the  private  affairs  of  John 
Norden  is  involved  in  the  greatest  ob- 
scurity. 

In  many  of  Norden's  writings  there  are 
direct  references  to  his  narrow  circum- 
stances, and  by  the  first  of  the  following 
documents  it  is  clear  that  the  straitened 
condition  of  his  pecuniary  affairs  must 
have  existed  at  the  date  it  refers  to.  In 
the  thirty -eighth  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth's 
reign  John  Norden  "  of  Fulham  "  ♦  ap- 
pealed to  the  Court  of  Requests  on  behalf 
of  himself  and  some  friends  who  were  in- 
volved with  him  in  his  refusal  to  repay 
with  interest  a  loan  of  15/.  The  history 
of  the  transaction  will  best  be  read  in  the 


language  of  the  original.  Norden  prayed 
for  an  injunction  to  restrain  the  parties 
complained  of  from  suing  him  upon  his 
bond,  which  he  had  given  to  secure  the 
loan  and  the  interest  which  was  agreed 
upon,  at  the  rate  of  about  40  per  cent, 
per  annum. 

The  tale  of  the  scrivener,  when  first  ap- 
plied to,  was  one  that  is  still  found  to 
answer  in  similar  cases ;  "  he  had  not  anie 
monie  of  his  owne,  nor  knew  of  anie  that 
would  be  lent  after  the  rate  of  tenn  poundes 
in  the  hundred,"  but  he  knew  of  some  one 
of  whom  it  might  be  obtained  at  a  iUtU 
higher  rate  of  interest ;  so  the  bargain  was 
concluded  for  15/.  to  be  lent  for  three 
months  for  33ff.  Ad.  Nordea,  after  repay- 
ing interest  to  the  amount  of  a  third  of  the 
principal  in  nine  months,  found  that  be 
had  entered  into  a  very  bad  bargain,  and, 
making  use  of  what  seems  to  be  an  extra- 
ordinary condition  under  which  the  loan 
had  been  agreed  upon,  prayed  that  the 
forms  of  the  Court  of  Requests  might  be 


*  The  preface  to  the  Survey  of  Middlesex  and  Hertford  was  written  at  Norden's 
*'  poore  house,  neere  Fulham,  4  November,  1596,**  the  very  year  of  this  loan  trans- 
action. See  **  Norden's  Deacriptioa  of  Essex,"  edited  for  the  Camden  Society  by  Sir 
Henry  Ellis,  Introd,  xliij. 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Si^lvanus  Urban* 


898 


p«t  in  operation,  to  enable  him  to  shew, 
from  the  evidence  of  the  persons  then 
suing  him  and  his  sureties,  that  the  man 
who  really  lent  the  money  was  dead,  and 
that  another  had  been  put  in  his  place  to 
obtain  recovery  of  the  loan. 

There  is  a  curious  circumstance  respect- 
ing Norden,  over  which  considerable  doubt 
stUl  rests, — Were  the  topographer  and  thd 
writer  of  theological  works  (some  of  which 
have  strange  titles)  one  and  the  same  per- 
son ?  Sir  Henry  Ellis,  in  the  many  par- 
ticulars he  has  collected  relating  to  Norden 
in  the  publication  of  the  Camden  Society 
alreac^v  referred  to,  has  not  cleared  up  this 
poiul  By  **  racking  the  style"  of  the  two 
sets  of  writings  some  important  variety  or 
similarity  might  perhaps  be  traced,  and  in 
the  following  document  there  is  an  ex* 
pression  which  appears  to  me  somewhat  to 
smack  of  the  theologian.  Then,  as  now, 
few  complainants  perhaps  knew  to  the 
fullest  eitent  how  scandalously  they  had 
been  treated  till  their  counsel  had  drawn 
their  bill  or  stated  their  case,  and  therein 
it  is  found  that  the  most  direful  treatment 
is  complained  of,  and  the  most  disastrous 
results  alleged  as  the  probable  consequences 
of  the  defendant's  misdeeds.  But  the  alle- 
gation of  Norden,  that  the  usurious  agree- 
ment on  the  part  of  the  scrivener  **  was 
altogether  against  Christianitie  and  good 
conscience"  is  a  form  of  animadversion 
which  I  have  not  hitherto  met  with  in 
similar  documents,  and  one  which  may  be 
thought  to  savour  of  a  peculiar  direction  of 
mental  occupation : — 

"  To  the  Queues  most  excellent  Ma^'^. 

"In  moste  humble  wise  complayninge, 
sheweth  unto  yo'  moste  excellent  Ma"« 
yo'Highnes  faytbfuU  and  obedient  subject 
John  Norden  of  Fulham  in  the  countie 
of  Middlesex  gent  George  Allen  of  the 
cittie  of  Westminster  cooke,  and  * 
Wagget  of  the  same  scryvener,  That 
wheras  yo''  Highnes  seyd  subject  John 
Norden,  about  two  yeares  now  laste  paste, 
havinge  some  extraordinarye  occasion  to 
use  monie,  repay  red  unto  one  *  Pear- 
son a  scryvener  without  Temple  Barr, 
London,  and  willed  him  to  procure  him 
the  sum  me  of  ffyftecne  poundes  upon  in- 
treste,  wherupon  the  seyd  *  Pearson, 
intendinge  to  make  an  unconscionable 
gayne  of  yo'  llighncs  seyd  subject,  and 
neverthelesse  to  gyve  somme  couller  or  lik- 
lyhoode  that  the  same  might  be  profitable 
unto  yo'  Highnes  seyd  subject,  told  yo' 
Highnes  seyd  subject  that  he  had  not  anie 
monie  of  his  owne  nor  knew  of  anie  that 
would  be  lent  after  the  rate  of  tenn  poundes 
in  the  hundred,  neverthelesse  if  yo'  High- 
nes seyd  subject  so  pleased  he  would  pro- 


cure unto  him  yo'  Highnes  seyd  subject, 
from  one  Charles  Bamabye  (a  man  alto- 
gether unknown  unto  yo'  seyd  subject), 
the  some  of  fyfteene  poundes,  so  as  yo' 
Highnes  seyd  subject  would  enter  bandef 
unto  the  seyd  Charles  Bamabie  to  pay 
unto  him  for  the  loane  therof  for  three 
monethes  the  sume  of  xxxiij'  iiij**,  w^'*  oon- 
dicion  if  the  same  Charles  so  longe  should 
live*  wherupon  yo'  Highnes  seyd  subject, 
by  reason  of  the  urgent  occasions  he  then 
had  to  use  monie,  and  intendinge  vrithall 
verie  shortlie  to  make  meanee  to  satisfie 
the  same  and  to  intreat  the  seyd  Charles 
Bamabye,  when  he  should  come  to  his 
acquayntaunce,  to  mittigate  some  parte  of 
the  same  extreame  contract,  was  con- 
strayned  and  dyd  enter  bande,  together 
w^i*  two  sufficient  sareties,  unto  the  sayd 
Charles  Barnabye,  in  the  some  of  thertye 
poundes,  w^**  condicion  to  the  effect  affore- 
sayd,  and  payd  unto  the  seyd  * 
Person  the  seyd  intrest  for  nyne  monethes 
after  the  rate  aforsayd,  making  for  the 
seyd  lone  and  securing(?)  therof  three  se- 
Terall  contractes  one  after  the  other,  so 
that  the  seyd  Peerson  receyvid  of  yo'  seyd 
subject  to  the  use  of  the  same  Barnabye, 
whose  factor  in  that  behaulfe  the  seyd 
Peerson  was,  the  somme  of  five  poundes 
for  the  interest  at  the  seid  thre  sererall 
deyes.  After  w^^'*  yo'  Highnes  seyd  sub- 
ject, perceyvinge  the  great  inconvenience 
he  had  entred  into,  and  that  the  practise 
of  the  seyd  Peerson  and  Barnabye  was  to 
make  yo'  seyd  subject  enter  into  the  seyd 
bandes,  w***  a  perswacion  that  the  seyd 
Barnabye  whose  person  yo'  seyd  subject 
knew  not,  might  dye  and  so  yo'  sub- 
ject should  be  eased  of  the  repayment  of 
the  seyd  xv^^  But  if  the  seyd  Bamabye 
should  have  dyed,  he  beinge  (as  indede  he 
was)  unknown  unto  yo'  seyd  subject,  yet 
might  the  seyd  Peerson  find  some  of  the 
same  name  that  might  demaund  the  same 
monie.  And  havinge  credeblye  hearde 
that  the  seyd  Charles  Barnaby,  of  whome 
the  seyd  Peerson  procured  the  seyd  monie, 
was  dead,  he  yo'  seyd  subject  did  therfore 
retayne  in  his  handes  and  custodie  and  not 
satisfie  the  seyd  usurious  intrest  untill  he 
might  be  further  advertized  of  the  truth 
therof,  wbempon  the  therde  seyd  bande 
was  presentlie  putt  in  sute  at  the  common 
law.  And  yo'  Highnes  seyd  subject,  fear- 
inge  the  dauoger  that  might  be  brought 
upon  his  sureties,  and  withall  knowing 
that  if  the  seyd  Charles  Bamabye,  of 
whome  the  monie  was  borrowed,  were 
dead,  yet  if  the  seyd  Peerson  could  bringe 
fourth  anie  other  of  that  name  (yor  sub- 
ject not  beinge  able  to  disprove  it),  the 
penaltie  of  the  seyd  bande  would  be  re- 


'*'  Blanks  in  original. 


t  Bond. 


•  • 


"  •   •  -• 

•  %• : 


384 


Correspondence  ofSylvanus  Urban. 


[April, 


covered  agaynst  him  and  his  sureties, 
was  contented  and  dyd  enter  new  bande 
unto  the  seyd  Charles  Bamabye,  to- 
gether w^^  yor  other  seyd  subjectes, 
George  Allen  and  *  Waggett,  in  the 

sume  of  fortie  pounds,  with  condicion  for 
the  payment  of  twentie  three  poundes 
xiij*  iiij<*,  in  lieu  and  recompence  of  the 
seyd  xy'^  Now  so  it  is,  if  it  may  please 
yo*^  moste  excellent  Ma***,  the  seyd  Charles 
Barnaby  and  *  Peerson  have  (as 

yC  subject  thinketh)  confederated  and 
combined  themselves  together  of  a  covet- 
uouse  desire  to  reape  out  themselves  un- 
reasonable gayne  by  the  intoUerable  losse 
of  yo**  Highnes  seyd  subjecte,  well  know- 
ing as  yoi^  seyd  subject  thincketh  that  the 
seyd  Charles  Barnabye,  of  whome  the  seyd 
monie  was  first  borrowed,  is  (and  before 
the  first  day  of  payment  aforseid  was) 
dead,  and  so  by  the  seyd  bargayne  the 
seyd  latter  band  in  equitie  and  conscience 
is  discharged  ;  and  fearinge  that  the  truth 
of  the  premisses  will  in  time  be  brought 
to  light,  upon  the  verie  first  breach  of  the 
seyd  obligacion  have  so  wrought  that  the 
seyd  Charles  Barnaby  hath  comenced  se« 
verall  sutes  agaynst  yo**  Highnes  seyd  sub- 
jectes  upon  the  seyd  band  at  the  comon 
lawCy  and  w*^  all  extremetie  doth  prose- 
cute the  same,  intending  to  take  the  whole 
penaltie  of  the  seyd  obligacion  contrarie 
to  all  equitie  and  good  conscience.  In 
tender  consideracion  wherof,  and  foras- 
much as  jQl'  Highnes  seyd  subjecte  can 
not  prove  that  the  seyd  Charles  Barnabie, 
of  whome  the  monie  was  first  borrowed,  is 
dead,  but  by  the  oathes  of  the  said  Charles 
Barnaby,  in  whose  name  yo**  Highnes  seyd 
subjectes  now  are  sued,  and  of  the  seyd 
*  Peerson,  who  was  so  pryvy  to  the 

seyd  contract,  and  that  yo**  seyd  subject 
hopeth  that  they  will  in  their  aunsweres 
upon  their  oathes  confesse  the  truth  of  the 
premisses.  And  forasmuch  as  the  seyd 
agreement  was  so  untollerablie  usurious 
and  altogether  agaynst  Christianetie  and 
good  conscience,  and  for  that  your  High- 
nes seyd  subject  hath  (as  afforeseyd)  with- 
in nyoe  monethes  after  the  receyt  of  the 
seyd  xv'*  repayd  v^*  therof,  may  it  please 
yo*"  moste  excellent  Ma*^®,  the  premisses 
considered,  to  grauot  unto  yo<^  seyd  sub- 
ject yo'  most  gratious  writt  of  Privie  Seal, 
to  be  directed  to  the  seyd  Charles  Bar- 
naby and  *  Peerson,  comaunding 
them  and  eyther  of  theym  therby  at  a 


certayne  day,  and  under  a  certayne  payne 
therin  to  be  lymitted,  personallie  to  ap- 
peare  before  yo'  Ma^  in  yo'  Highnes  ho- 
norable Court  of  Requestes,  and  then  and 
ther  to  aunswer  the  premisses  and  to  sett 
downe  the  trew  name,  addition,  and  place 
of  abode  of  the  said  Charles  Barnaby,  in 
whose  name  the  first  band  was  so  taken, 
and  further  to  stand  to  and  abide  suche 
order  and  directyon  therin  as  to  yo'  High- 
nes and  yo'  oounsell  in  the  seyd  Court 
shalbe  thowght  agreable  w*^  equitie  and 
conscience.  And  also  to  graunt  unto 
yo**  seyd  subjectes  yo'  most  gratious  writt 
of  Injunction,  to  be  directed  to  the  seyd 
Charles  Barnaby,  his  counsellors,  attor- 
neys, and  soliciters,  upon  a  payn  therin  to 
be  lymitted,  noe  further  to  prosecute  or 
proceed  in  any  action  or  ante  upon  the 
seyd  band  until!  such  time  as  other  and 
further  order  be  by  yc  Highnes  and 
yor  seyd  coansell  taken  therin.  And 
yor  Ma**'*  seyd  subjectes,  accordyng  to 
their  most  bounden  dutes,  shall  daylie 
pray  to  God  for  the  prosperous  preserva- 
tion of  your  most  excellent  Ma**«  in  health 
and  felicite  long  to  reigne  over  us. 

(Endorsed)  xij'  die  Febr'  ao  R'  R"« 
Elisabeth'  &c.  xxxviij®. 
Defend'  vocet'  per  nnncium 

(signed)    Jul.  Cjr%kvl, 

*' Joh*es  Norden  versus  Carolum  Barna- 
bie def." 

The  next  document  is  a  copy  of  the 
original  letter  of  Norden  to  King  James, 
endorsed  6  Jan.  1604,  praying  to  be  ap- 
pointed Surveyor  to  the  duchy  of  Corn- 
wall. It  refers  to  his  former  labours  in 
**  describinge  some  of  the  shyres  of  £ng« 
lande,*'  some  part  of  which  be  had  pre- 
sented to  the  King,  and  it  somewhat 
vaguely  speaks  of  promises  of  pecuniary 
support  as  having  been  made  to  him  in 
reward  of  his  services,  in  the  '*  travaile*' 
of  which  and  in  his  prosecution  of  the 
promised  allowance,  he  alleges,  he  had 
spent  near  1,000/.  ''to  his  nndoinge/*§ 
King  James  was  evidently  favourably  dis- 
posed towards  Norden  in  this  matter,  and 
the  memorandum  made  by  Sir  Thomas 
Lake,  clerk  of  th&  Privy  Seal,  and  after- 
wards principal  Secretary  of  State,  upon 
the  petition,  was  probably  indited  from 
the  King's  own  lips.  The  answer  of  the 
Lords  Nottingham  and  Cranbome  will  be 
remarked  as  equally  pithy  and  satisfsctory. 

Here  then  we  have  Uie  record  of  the 


§  In  the  address  to  King  James  upon  his  accession,  Norden,  while  begging  earnestly 
for  employment,  makes  a  statement  very  similar  to  a  portion  of  tiie  folloidng  letter ; 
he  says  that  he  had  been  *'  employed  by  authority  in  the  re-description  of  the  shires  of 
England,"  in  which  he  had  spent  above  one  thousand  marks  and  five  years,  and  alludes 
to  the  '*  great  impoverishment"  he  had  experienced  in  trying  to  obtain  his  promised 
allowance  from  Queen  Elizabeth.— Sir  H.  Kllis's  Introdnction  to  Norden's  Surrey  of 
Essex,  p.  XMjAi, 
6 


1854.] 


oommencement  of  Norden's  connection 
with  the  duchy  of  Cornwall,  for  which  he 
was  afterwards  extensively  employed. 

•*  To  the  Kynges  moste  excellent  Ma»y. 
''The humble  petition  of  yo»  Ma""  moste 
faythfall  subjeete,  John  Norden, 

"  Whoe  moste  hnmblie  besecheth  yo' 
Ma*'  that  wher  he  hath  bene  a  petitioner 
unto  your  Highnes  for  some  recompence 
for  former  imploymentes  in  the  describing 
of  some  of  the  shyres  of  Englande,  wherof 
yo'  Ma*r  grationslie  accepted  some  part 
at  yo'  poore  subjectes  handes,  w*»  a 
princelie  desire  to  have  releyved  yo'  sub- 
jecte,  whoe  hath  spent  in  the  travaile  and 
the  attendance  for  his  promised  allowance 
nere  1,000»».  to  his  undoinge.  And  the 
honorable  persons  to  whose  considerao*ons 
yo'  Ma*y  referred  his  recnmpence  to  be  sett 
down,  not  seeming  willinge  to  drawe  anie 
thinge  from  yo'  Ma«y  for  his  reliefe  charge- 
able unto  yor  Highnes. 

"  His  moste  humble  sute  unto  yo'  Ma*r 
is,  That  the  same  would  be  pleased 
to  grannte  him  the  office  of  Survey' 
of  yo'  Ma*7'>  landes  belonginge  unto 
the  Duchie  of  Cornwall  (as  yo'  Mtfr 
hath  latelie  made  a  peculier  auditor 
for  the  same),  a  service  which  wilbe 
profitable  unto  jo^  Ma'r,  and  where- 
by  yo'  Highnes'  honorable  officers 
of  yo'  Highnes*  lapd  revenues  may 
be  truly  informed  of  the  estate  of 
everye  perticnler.    Humbly  referr- 
inge  the  fee  and  allowance  for  his 
charge  and  travaile  unto  yo'  moste 
excellent  Ma*r,  or  to  such  of  their 
honors  as  it  shall  please  the  same 
^         to  appoynt  to  afford  consideraoion 
of  yo'  poore  subjectes  deservinge  in 
the  service.    And  be    shall  hold 
himselflFe  royally  recompenced  at 
y  Ma*)"*'  handes,  and  shall  endevour 
to  performe  the  service  w*"*  fayth- 
fiill  care  and  diligence. 
"  The  K.  Ma»7'-  pleasure  is  that  the  Lo. 
Admirall  and  the  Lo.  Viscount  Cranbom, 
who  gave  testimony  to  his  Itf  a»r  of  this  peti- 
tioner's service,  shall  consyder  whether  this 
be  a  meet  sate  for  his  Ma*r  to  grant  him, 
and  thereof  certefy  his  Highnes. 
« «r  (Siffned)        Tho.  Lakb. 

"  Wee  thmcke  this  suyte  fitt  for  the 
peticioner,  and  he  fit  for  it,  if  it 
see  like  yo'  Ma*'. 

{Signed)    Notinoham.  Cranbornb. 
{Endorsed)  6  Jan.  16()4.    The  Lo.  Ad- 
mirall and  the  L.  of  Cranbom,  for  John 
Norden,  to  be  Surveyo'  of  the  Duchy  of 
CornwaU." 


Correspondence  of/^lvamm  Urban. 


885 


I  will  now  give  some  particulars  show- 


ing the  rate  at  which  Norden  was  paid  for 
professional  labours. 

The  Survey  of  the  Castle  and  Forost 
of  Windsor  is  known  to  have  been  one  o^ 
Norden's  greatest  works ;  the  MS.  HarL 
No.  3,749,  is  one  of  the  most  splendid  of 
the  kind  renudning.*  In  Mr.  Devon's 
"  Issues  of  the  Exchequer,  James  I."  (p^ 
71)  we  see  by  the  following  entry  what  was 
given  to  Norden  for  it 

"  3rd  of  August,  1607.  To  John  Norden, 
in  part  payment  of  an  order,  dated  the  last 
day  of  August  1607,  for  the  sum  of  100/. 
parcel  of  200/.  limited  by  a  privy  seal 
dated  3rd  August  1607,  to  be  taken  to 
him  as  of  his  Mijesty's  free  gift  and  re- 
ward,  for  takhig  a  survey  of  the  Castle 
and  Forest  of  Windsor  with  the  parka 
thereunto  belongmg,  whereof  he  hath  made 
and  presented  unto  his  Majesty  an  exact 
description,— 100/.' ' 

With  regard  to  Norden's  pay  under  the 
Duchy  of  Cornwall,  we  find  at  p.  313  of 
the  same  work  this  entry. 

"87  November,  1613.  To  John  Norden, 
appointed  to    surrey  the  late    Frinoe's 
lands  in  the  counties  of  Devon  and  Com« 
wall,  &C.  the  sum  of  102/.  13f.  Ad.  In 
fUl  payment  of  202/.   13«.  4J.;  to  wit, 
182/.  13f.  Ad.  for  the  charges  of  himself, 
servants,  and  horses,  employed  in  the  said 
aurvey,  by  the  space  of  138  days,    at 
36«.  %d.  the  day ;  and  SO/,  for  abstracting 
and  engrossing   the  first  book  for    the 
Frince  and  some  of  his  council,  of  which 
said  sum  there  was  formerly  imprested  unto 
him  100/.  according  to  a  list  of  the  par- 
ticular debts  of  the  said  Frince,  subscribed 
avd  allowed  by  his  Majesty,  103/.  1 3f.  4</." 
By  the  kindness  of  a  fiiend  I  have  been 
favoured  with  an  examination  of  two  of 
Norden's  original  bills  in  the  years  1620 
and  1621,  as  deputy  of  Sir  Richard  Smith, 
general  surveyor  of  the  duchy.    The  first 
is  for  99/.  15«.  Ad.  for  74  days'  work  at 
26f .  8J.  the  day ;  66/.  13t.  Ad.  having  been 
received  in  advance.    The  second  bill  is 
for  121/.  6f.  %d.  of  which  66/.  I3«.4i/.had 
been  prepaid.    It  is  for  the  services  of  the 
father  and  son,  the  former  at  the  daily 
rate  mentioned  above,  the  latter  at  half 
that  amount. 

Both  bills  are  for  surveys  in  various 
counties.  The  rate  of  pay  allowed  to 
Norden  was  certainly  very  good,  higher 
than  the  profession  obtun  at  the  present 
day,  and,  with  the  engagements  Norden 
had  at  such  a  rate,  the  embarassed  state  of 
his  affairs  must  have  been  owing  to  other 
circumstances. 

Yours,  &c.    J.  B. 


*  Introd.  to  the  Sssez  Surrey,  p.  xxv. 
Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI.  3D 


•  •   •••  •••  •!  Z* 

•  •  •  •  •      •  V  ■ 


886 


Notei  ofth0  Month. 
Emendation  of  a  Passage  in  Coriolanus. 


[April, 


Mr.  Urban, —  My  attention  having 
been  attracted  to  a  letter,  signed  "  F.  J.  V/* 
in  your  last  number,  upon  a  proposed 
emendation  of  a  doubtful  passage  in  Corio- 
lanus, I  venture  to  offer  what  I  conceive 
to  be  a  very  obvious  and  common-sense 
reading  of  what  we  are  told  is  a  most  diffi- 
cult and  puzzling  passage.  To  me,  I  con- 
fess, it  is  somewhat  singular  that  so  much 
time  and  critical  acumen  should  be  spent 
upon  a  comparatively  modem  writer  with 
so  small  an  amount  of  profit. 

The  emendations  upon  the  passage  in 
question  appear  to  be  simply  wild  con- 
jectures, which  no  scholar  would  venture 
to  risk  in  castigating  a  Greek  or  Latin 
author.  Why  then  riiould  the  lans^age 
of  Shakspere,  at  all  times  so  forcible  yet 
simple,  so  full  of  sense  yet  so  easy  of  com- 
prehension, be  tortured  into  the  silliest 
nonsense  which  learned  ease  can  invent  ? 

Take  the  passage  before  us  :  — 

I  took  him : 
Made  him  joint  servant  witli  me  :  gave  him  way 
In  all  hii  own  desires :  nay,  let  him  choose 
Out  of  my  flle8,  his  projects  to  accomplish, 
My  best  and  fincshest  men :  serv'd  his  desigumonts 
In  my  own  person :  holp  to  reap  the  f ami 
Whkh  he  did  end  all  hit. 


Aufidius  is  here  summing  up  all  that  he 
has  done  for  Coriolanus,  closing  his  cata- 
logue of  favours  by  saying  that  he  (Au- 
fidius) had  *'  holp  to  reap  thefmme  which 
did  end  all  higf^*  or  which,  in  the  end, 
belonged  solely  to  Coriolanus. 

The  he  in  the  last  line  is  redundant — a 
mere  printer's  blunder;  and  the  entire 
passage  stands  correctly  thus  :— 

holp  to  reap  the  fiuoe 
Which  did  end  all  hU. 

Yours,  &C.       Augustus  Guest. 

Note. — With  submission  to  Dr.  Guest, 
we  still  think  that  the  suggestion  of  our 
correspondent  Mr.  Vipan — that  end  is  equi- 
valent to  tun — is  not  only  happy  but  pro- 
bable, as  supported  by  the  passage  from 
Airs  Well  that  Ends  Well.  It  is  possible 
to  spend  too  little  as  well  as  too  much  time 
in  deciding  upon  such  points  of  criticism; 
and  Dr.  Guest  has  in  his  haste  omitted  to 
notice  that  the  omission  of  the  word  he  in 
the  last  line  would  impair  the  rhythm  of 
the  verse :  and  would  require  some  other 
alteration,  such  as,  1%e  which,  &c.  If  his 
own  ear  does  not  tell  him  this,  he  should 
consult  the  Essay  on  Rhythm  by  his  name- 
sake the  Master  of  Caius. — Bdit, 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Proposed  Reform  of  the  University  of  Oxford—Foundation  of  a  Latin  ProfeHsorahip  at  Oxford— PabUc 
Libraries  and  Museums— Literary  and  Pliilosophical  Society  of  Newcastle— Libiary  of  the  North- 
ampton Architectural  Society— Geological  Museum  at  the  London  Unircnity  College— Zoological 
Society— Anniversaries  of  the  Palceontographical,  Statistical,  and  London  Medical  Societies- 
Printers'  Pension  Society— nie  Thornton  Schools— University  of  Aberdeen— Christ's  Hospital— The 
Pahicc  of  Westminster— The  New  Crj'stal  Palace— Manufiictures  of  the  United  States  of  America- 
Proposed  Memorial  to  ArchbUhop  U.'iKhton— Map  of  London  in  the  Olden  Time— Fictitious  Views 
of  the  FortiiicationH  of  London— Forped  Antiquities— Darling's  Clerical  Library— Letter  of  Oliver 
Cromwell  and  Royal  Autograph$<. 

On  the  1 7th  March  Lord  John  Russell 
introduced  to  the  House  of  Commons  the 
ministerial  measure  for  the  better  govern- 
ment of  the  University  qf  Oj^ord.  The 
principal  details  are  as  follow  :— 

First,  as  to  the  constitution  of  the 
Uniyersity,  it  is  proposed  to  establish  or 
revive  a  certain  assembly,  to  be  termed 
Congregation;  this  Congregation  is  to 
elect  a  Coancil,  and  to  this  Council  are  to 
be  transferred,  on  the  first  day  of  next  Mi- 
chaelmas Term,  "all  the  powers,  privileges, 
and  functions  now  possessed  or  exercised 
by  the  Hebdomadal  Board,"  heretofore 
the  governing  body  of  the  University 
(which  it  will  be  remembered  is  now  com- 
posed exclusively,  with  the  exception  of 
two  seats  assigned  to  the  Proctors,  of  the 
lieads  of  Colleges  or  Halls).    The  mem- 


bers of  Congregation  are  created  by 
tain  prescribed  qualifications,  which  will 
be  found  to  include  the  following  pertont: 
I.  the  High  Steward;  3.  the  Heada  of 
Colleges  and  Halls ;  3.  Canons  of  Christ 
Church;  4.  the  Prootors;  5.  the  Deputy- 
Steward,  the  Public  Orator,  the  Keeper  of 
the  Archives,  the  Assessor,  the  Registrar, 
the  University  Counsel,  the  Librarians 
and  Sub-Libnuians  of  the  University  Li- 
brary,  and  the  Keepers  of  the  Universi^ 
Museums  (the  two  latter  classes  condi- 
tionally) ;  6.  the  Professors,  Public  Read- 
ers, Prselectors,  and  Assistant  or  Deputy- 
Professors  ;  7.  the  Public  Examiners ;  8. 
all  members  of  the  Council;  9.  TVttors  of 
Colleges  and  Halls,  and  other  officers  (or 
one  of  such^  engaged  in  the  discipline  of 
these  societies;  10.  all  Masters  of  prifsle 


1854.] 


Not€i  of  the  MwUh. 


887 


Halle ;  1 1.  all  residenU  who  may  htTd 
at  any  time  been  qualified  by  the  possea- 
sion  for  three  yean  or  upwards  of  any  of 
the  foregoing  qualifications ;  12.  all  bod- 
residents  who  may  ha?e  been  so  qualified 
for  twelve  years ;  13.  all  residents  habi- 
tually engaged  in  the  study  of  some  branch 
of  learning  or  science ;  14.  all  such  per- 
sons as  may,  under  conditions  specified, 
be  added  to  the  above-mentioned  classea. 

Such  is  to  be  the  constitaency  of  Con- 
gregation, and  Congregation  is  to  dect,  as 
members  of  the  University  Council,  six 
Heads  of  Colleges  or  Halls,  six  Professors, 
and  six  members  of  Conyocation,  being 
of  not  less  than  five  years*  standing.  To 
these  are  to  be  added,  as  official  members, 
the  Vice- Chancellor  and  Proctors,  together 
with  one  Head  of  a  College^  and  one 
Professor  appointed  by  the  Chancellor, 
and  one  other  Professor,  always  of  the 
Theological  Faculty,  to  be  elected  sepa- 
rately as  aforesaid.  The  Council,  thus 
consisting  of  twenty-four  members,  is  to 
have  the  privilege  of  framing  statutes,  to 
be  promulgated  in  Congregation — Congre- 
gation having  the  power  of  discussion  in 
English,  but  not  of  moving  amendments, 
except  previously,  and  by  writing,  on  the 
first  notification  of  the  measure.  Such  is 
an  outline  of  the  University  constitntioo. 

For  the  reform  of  the  coUeg^te  founda- 
tions, the  better  application  of  their  re- 
venues, the  improvement  of  the  Fellowship 
system,  and  the  extension  of  the  Univer- 
sity, certain  general  regulations  are  to  be 
enacted  of  the  character  following : — All 
oaths  directed  against  the  disclosure  of 
college  matters,  or  the  acceptance  of  col- 
lege changes,  are  to  be  abolished.    All 
preferential  claims  to  college  preferment 
arising  from  other    circumstances  than 
those  of  personal  qualifications  are,  with 
certain  exceptions,  to    be  extinguished. 
Subject  to  these  exceptions,  all  Fellowships 
and  Scholarships  are  to  be  open  to  the 
whole  University,  and  filled  up  by  public 
examination.     Fellowships  are  not  to  be 
made  necessarily  terminable,  but  they  are 
to  be  held  as  vacated  within  one  year  from 
the  time  of  election,  unless  the  holder 
shall  be  resident  for  not  less  than  twenty- 
four  weeks  in  each  year,  and  shall  be  oc- 
cupied doring  such  period  either  in  tuition, 
or  in  the  discharge  of  University  or  pa- 
rochial duties,  or  in  private  study.     Cer- 
tain conditions,  however,  are  contemplated 
admitting  of  non-residence,  and  leave  of 
absence  may  be  given  by  the  Colleges  for 
fixed  purposes,  and  for  periods  not  exceed- 
ing five  years  in  the  whole.     It  appears, 
too,  that  after  twenty-one  years'  tenure  of 
a  Fellowship  on  these  terms  the  bolder 
may  retire,  as  it  were,  upon  two-thirda  of 
his  emoluments,  without  being  any  kniftr 


bomid  by  tht  foftgolMf  dbVgatioiif.  Of 
oowrae  theaa  anrangtmeota  ar*  V^'oaptetlTev 
and  do  not  affect  existing  intaresta,  A 
retention  of  preferential  cUami  to  Fdlow- 
ships  seems  to  be  still  designed  in  lavonr 
of  the  Ihieal  desoendants  of  a  founder,  and 
of  the  holdera  of  dose  SchoUfships  ia 
Colleges  where  two  or  more  dose  scholara 
can  compete  for  the  appointment,  and 
where  one-half  of  the  whole  nnmber  of 
Fellowships  shall  be  open.  Scholanhipe, 
too,  may  still,  under  oertain  conditions,  oe 
adjjudged  with  reforraoe  to  btrth-plaoey 
education  at  any  school*  indigence,  or 
membership  of  any  Cdlege.  All  theee 
exceptional  eases,  however,  are  to  be  n* 
gorously  scrutiniaed. 

In  extension  of  the  University  system^ 
it  is  to  be  made  allowable  that  any  member 
of  ConvooatioQ,  behig  of  a  certain  stand- 
ing to  be  hereafter  determined,  asaybe 
licensed  to  open  his  own  bouse,  if  witma  « 
mile  and  a-half  of  the  Univenity,  m  « 
private  Hall  for  the  reception  of  atttdeatSf 
who  are  to  be  matriculated  like  other 
students,  withovt  the  neoeesity  of  being 
entered  at  any  existing  Hall  or  CoHege. 
As  the  Masters  of  these  prirate  Halls  are 
to  be  members  of  Congregation,  and  as 
their  studenta  are  to  be  admitted  to  all  the 
privilegea  of  the  Univendty,  there  la  eii- 
dently  room  provided  for  an  unlimited 
extension  of  academical  education.  Finallyt 
and  by  way  of  bringing  all  these  pro?!* 
sions  into  practical  and  early  operation, 
oertain  Commissioners  are  to  be  rapfointed 
for  the  purposes  of  the  act    The  Col* 
leges  are  then  to  be  empowered  to  make 
ordinances  of  their  own,  sul^ject  to  tiie 
Commissioners'  approval,  for  the  founda- 
tion of  Professorships,  the    opening  of 
Fellowships,  and  other  desirable  o^octSt 
and  the  University  is  to  enjoy  the  sauM 
discretion  with  reference  to  the  establish- 
ment of  private  Halls  and  other  amnge* 
mcDts ;  but,  if  sueh  ordkianees  shall  not 
hare  been  framed  to  the  satislMitioa  of 
the  Commissioners  by  the  first  day  of 
Michaelmas  Term,  1855,   the  Conuaif 
sioners  are  to  proceed  to  auch  work  then* 
selves.    The  statutea  thus  made  by  the 
Commissioners,  if  approved  by  H«r  Me* 
jeaty  in  Council,  are  to  be  laid  bdbro 
both  Hovses  of  Fyrliament,  and,  unless  aa 
address  be  presented  against  them  liroaB 
one  House  or  other  within  forty  days,  are 
to  become  statutea  of  the  University  forth* 
with. 

At  a  Convocation  held  at  Oxford  on  the 
14th  March,  a  statute  for  establiahmg  a 
Professorship  of  the  Latin  laagnage  and 
literature  was  carried  by  a  majority  of  80 

to  17. 

With  the  view  of  asoertaioUii  the  dift- 
eolties  and  impedimenti  which  prevent  the 


388 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[April, 


adoption  of  the  provisions  of  the  Act  13 
and  14  Victoria,  chap.  65,  *'  for  enabling 
Town  Councils  to  establish  Public  lA' 
brariet  and  Museuntf,**  the  Society  of 
Arts  has  issued  a  set  of  queries  to  the  town 
clerks  of  all  boroughs  included  in  the  Act. 
The  points  on  which  information  is  parti- 
cularly requested  are,  whether  the  amount 
of  the  rate— one  halfpenny  per  pound  per 
annum — is  sufficient,  and  whether  the  rate 
should  be  limited  to  the  provision  of  the 
building,  fixtures,  &c.  or  be  extended  to 
the  purchase  of  books,  specimens,  &c. 
Mr.  Ewart  has  already  brought  in  a  bill 
to  amend  the  Act  in  question.  The  bill 
applies  to  the  whole  of  the  United  King- 
dom, and  purports  to  give  the  same  faci- 
lities for  establishing  free  public  libraries 
and  museums  as  have  been  enacted  in  re- 
spect to  the  establishing  of  baths  and  wash- 
houses  and  lodging-houses.  The  rate  to  be 
levied  for  the  expense  of  a  public  library 
or  museum,  or  both,  is  not  to  exceed  Id, 
in  the  pound  in  any  one  year  ;  but  money 
may  be  borrowed  on  the  security  of  the 
rates  for  better  carrying  the  Act  into  exe- 
cution. The  Act  to  be  adopted  by  towns 
or  districts  of  8,000  inhabitants. 

The  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society 
of  Newcaatle-upon'Tyne  has  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  assorted  libraries  in  the 
North  of  England,  but  the  costly  building 
which  contains  it  entailed  a  heavy  debt, 
which,  though  reduced  from  time  to  time, 
still  amounts  to  6,200/.  At  a  recent  meet- 
ing of  the  committee  it  was  announced 
that  Mr.  Robert  Stephenson  (M.P.  for 
Whitby),  the  eminent  engineer,  grateful 
for  the  advantages  he  derived  from  the 
library  when  a  young  man,  had  offered  to 
pay  off  one- half  of  the  debt,  provided 
means  are  taken  to  pay  the  other  half  be- 
fore the  next  anniversary,  and  that  the 
annual  subscription  shall  be  reduced  to 
one  guinea.  This  liberal  offer  was  of  course 
accepted  by  the  members,  and  every  effort 
will  be  made  to  provide  the  amount  by  the 
time  specified.  The  society  has  been  in 
existence  for  sixty-one  years,  and  the  an- 
nual subscription  was  originally  one  guinea; 
afterwards  this  was  altered  to  a  guinea  and 
a  half,  and  since  1827  it  has  been  two 
guineas — the  number  of  members  fluctu- 
ating, and  latterly  declining.  The  stipu- 
lated change  in  the  amount  of  subscription 
will  no  doubt  increase  the  number  of 
t^ubscribers,  and  render  the  society  more 
rffective,  as  has  proved  the  case  in  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London. 

The  Marquess  of  Northampton  has  pre- 
sented to  the  Architectural  Society  of  the 
archeaconry  of  Northampton  all  the  dupli- 
cates of  works  of  architectural  and  archae- 
ological art  from  his  library  at  Castle 
Ashby.    These,  with  a  recent  gift  of  Earl 


Spencer,  and  presents  from  Tarious  other 
gentlemen,  render  the  library  a  ralnable 
acquisition  to  the  county. 

Sir  Roderick  Murchison  and  Mr.  Green- 
ough,  the  Father  of  Geology  in  this  conn* 
try.  have  presented  their  valuable  colleo- 
tioos  of  minerals  and  fossils  to  the  London 
University  College,  with  a  view  of  assist- 
ing in  the  completion  of  a  Geological  Mu* 
seum  there,  of  which  the  nucleus  already 
exists.  It  is  stated  that  several  other  emi- 
nent geologists  have  also  intimated  their 
intention  of  adding  to  the  collection. 

The  annual  report  of  the  Zoological 
Society  gives  an  account  of  continnally 
increasing  public  favour.  Last  year  the 
number  of  persons,  not  Fellows  of  the  So- 
ciety, who  visited  the  collections  exceeded 
all  precedent,  the  year  of  the  Great  Exhi* 
bition  alone  excepted.  It  is  noticeable, 
however,  that  no  day  even  in  that  memorable 
summer  approached  the  spectacle  which 
was  witnessed  on  Whit  Monday  last,  when 
upwards  of  22,000  persons  paid  for  ad- 
mission to  the  Society's  collection.  "  Al- 
though," says  the  report,  "  this  vast  mul- 
titude necessarily  embraced  many  grades 
of  the  population,  it  is  a  most  gratifying 
fact,  which  deserves  to  be  recorded,  that 
not  a  single  instance  of  misconduct  in  any 
shape  occurred  during  the  whole  day;  bat, 
on  the  contrary,  the  general  character  of 
the  assemblage  was  that  of  earnest  and 
intelligent  enjoyment."  Besides  the  addi- 
tions made  from  time  to  time  to  the 
gardens,  the  chief  point  in  the  history  of 
the  collection  during  the  past  year,  is  the 
new  and  interesting  re- arrangement  of 
living  fish,  mollusca,  zoophytes,  and  other 
aquatic  animals. 

The  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the 
Palceontographical  Society  was  held  on 
the  24th  March  in  the  apartments  of  the 
Geological  Society,  Somerset  House.  The 
volume  for  1853,  now  ready  for  delivery, 
contains  the  Fossil  Corals  of  the  Devonian 
Formation  of  Great  Britain,  by  MM. 
Milne  Edwards  and  Jales  Haime,  illus- 
trated in  54  plates  of  1049  figures. 

The  anniversary  meeting  of  the  Stm- 
tistical  Society  took  place  on  the  15th 
March,  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  the  President, 
in  the  chair.  The  number  of  members 
continues  to  increase,  as  do  all  the  sources 
of  income.  A  General  Index  to  the  first 
fifteen  volumes  of  the  Society^  Journal, 
made  by  Mr.  Wheatley,  the  Bibliographer 
and  Librarian,  is  passing  through  the 
press.  On  a  ballot  taken  for  ofbiotT%  for 
the  year  ensuing,  the  following  was  de* 
clared  to  be  the  list,  (the  names  in  italios 
being  those  of  new  Members  of  Council)  : 
President,  the  Right  Hon.  Earl  Fitswil- 
liam :  Treasurer,  B.  Phillips,  esq. ;  Hono- 
rary Secretaries,  W.  D.  Oswald,  esq.  and 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


389 


W.  A.  Guy,  M.B. ;  Council,  J.  Bird, 
M.D. ;  Sir  J.  P.  Boileau,  Bart ;  Lord  A. 
Churchill ;  J.  T.  Danson,  esq. ;  Lord  Vit- 
count  Ebrington  ;  W.  Farr,  esq.  ;  J.  W. 
Gilbart,  esq. ;  Right  Hon.  W.  E.  Glad- 
stone ;  The  Earl  of  Harrowhy ;  J.  Hey- 
wood,  esq. ;  T.  Hodgkin,  M.D. ;  /.  Hume, 
esq. ;  C.  Jellicoe,  esq, ;  W.  G.  Lumley, 
esq. ;  Right  Hon.  H.  Mackenzie ;  Horace 
Mantif  esq. ;  W.  Newmarch,  esq. ;  Lord 
Overstone ;  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Oxford ; 
Bight  Hon.  Sir  J.  S.  Pakington,  Dart. ; 
Sir  G.  Staunton,  Bart.;  Lieut. -Colonel 
W.  H.  Sykes  ;  Sir  J.  Emerson  Tennent ; 
T.  Tooke,  esq. ;  Lord  Harry  G.  Vane ; 
Lord  Wodehouse ;  the  Rev.  E.  Wyatt- 
Edgell. 

On  the  8th  March  a  large  number  of 
the  leading  members  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession assembled  at  the  Albion  TaTem, 
Aldersgate-street,  to  celebrate  the  85tb 
anniversary  of  The  Medical  Society  of 
London.  The  annual  oration  was  delivered 
by  Mr.  H.  Smith.  The  gold  FothergiUian 
medal  was  presented  to  Mr.  Richardson 
for  his  prize  essay  on  the  "Diseases  of 
the  Foetus/*  and  the  silver  Fothcrgillian 
medal  was  awarded  to  Dr.  Routh  for 
great  services  rendered  to  the  society 
during  the  time  he  acted  as  one  of  its 
secretaries. 

The  Annual  Report  of  the  Printers* 
Pension  Society  announces  the  founda- 
tion of  two  additional  pensions — viz.  the 
Franklin  Pension  and  the  Caxton  Pension; 
the  first  derived  from  the  sale  of  the  ori- 
ginal press  worked  at  by  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin in  London ;  the  second  from  the  pre- 
sentation to  the  Society  of  the  funds 
originally  subscribed  for  the  erection  of  a 
monument  to  Caxton.  These  pensions 
will  not  be  large  in  amount,  we  fear ;  but 
the  money  is  appropriately  bestowed.  The 
amount  handed  over  from  the  Caxton  Com- 
mittee, to  become  a  light  in  the  abode  of 
some  worthy  servant  of  the  art  instead  of 
being  a  lamp  in  Westminster,  is  about 
1 75/.  Efforts  are  being  made  to  increase 
this  sum  by  the  subscriptions  of  such  as 
feel  an  interest  in  the  prosperity  of  this 
excellent  charity.  The  proceeds  of  the 
last  anniversary  dinner  amounted  to  400/. 
Sir  Robert  Peel,  M.P.  for  Tam worth,  has 
consented  to  preside  at  the  next,  which 
will  take  place  at  the  London  Tavern  on 
the  6  th  of  May. 

Mr.  Richard  Thomtout  a  well-known 
merchant  in  London,  has  recently  erected 
and  endowed,  at  a  cost  of  15,000/.  some 
commodious  schools  for  the  parishes  of 
Burton  and  Thornton,  in  Lonsdale,  co. 
Westmerland,  as  a  benefaction  to  the  place 
of  his  nativity. 

Colonel  W.  B.  Sykes,  one  of  the  Direc- 
tors of  the  East  India  Company,  was 


elected  Lord  Rector  of  Marischal  College, 
Aberdeen,  on  the  1  st  of  March,  by  three 
out  of  the  four  Nations,  and  a  numerical 
majority  of  votes  of  140  to  105.  Colonel 
Sykes  has  commended  himself  to  the 
favourable  notice  of  the  University  by 
placing  a  portion  of  his  East  Indian 
patronage  at  the  disposal  of  the  senators. 

The  vacancy  of  the  Presidency  of 
ChrisVs  Hospital  occasioned  by  the  deatb 
of  Mr.  Alderman  Thompson,  has  been  seized 
upon  to  give  testimony  to  the  present  un* 
popularity  of  the  Corporation  of  London. 
The  office  has  for  three  centuries  been 
held  by  the  magnates  of  the  City — the 
Hospital  having  been,  origuially,  a  City 
foundation, — in  modem  phrase  a  work- 
house for  the  pauper  children  of  the  me- 
tropolis. The  President  has  been  always 
an  Alderman,  and  in  several  instances, 
including  the  last,  the  Alderman  elected 
has  been  the  Lord  Mayor  in  office  when  a 
vacancy  occurred.  The  opponents  of  the 
Corporation  proposed  the  Duke  of  Cam- 
bridge :  and  he  was  elected  by  216  votes, 
the  Lord  Mayor  receiving  only  87.  His 
Royal  Highness  being  in  attendance,  was 
immediately  introduced  and  installed  in 
the  chair. 

A  return  has  been  made  to  the  House  of 
Commons  on  the  state  and  progress  of  the 
Art-decoration  of  the  new  Palace  qf  West- 
minster. The  return  gives  a  list  of  the 
several  statues  and  paintings  completed  or 
in  progress,  with  a  statement  of  their 
destination  and  expense.  The  estimate  of 
cost  is  as  follows : — House  of  Lords, 
fresco  paintings,  4,800/.;  metal  statnes, 
4,680/.  ;  upper  waiting-hall,  fresco  paint* 
ings,  3,500/. ;  St.  Stephen's-hall,  statues, 
8,600/. ;  the  Prince's  chamber,  statues, 
3,835/. ;  bas-reliefs,  750/. ;  portrait  of 
Henry  VII.  50/. ;  the  Queen's  robing- 
room,  4,800/. ;  the  Peers*  robing-room, 
9,000/. ;  the  Peers'  corridor,  3,650/.  ;  the 
Commons' corridor,3, 650/. ;  sundry  works, 
220/.  ;  and  adding  5,800/.  expended  in 
premiums  in  the  Exhibitions  of  1843  and 
1847,  and  for  the  purchase  of  two  cartoons 
exhibited  in  1845, — the  total  cost  of  what 
has  been  undertaken  will  amount  to 
53,335/.,  of  which  the  sum  of  29,660/.  has 
been  already  paid.  The  remainder  will 
only  be  required  by  degrees,  for  a  large 
proportion  of  the  works  are  not  com- 
pleted. The  Peers'*  robing-room,  for  in- 
stance, is  not  yet  built ;  but  a  sum  of  not 
less  than  9,000/.  is  devoted  to  the  nine 
fresco  paintings  which  are  to  be  placed  in 
this  apartment,  and  which  the  artist,  Mr. 
J.  R.  Herbert,  was  to  have  nine  years 
from  April,  1851,  to  complete.  They  are 
to  be  Scripture  subjects,  the  illustrations 
to  "  have  reference  to  the  idea  of  Justice 
on  earth,  and  its  developement  in  Law 


•  •• 


•  •  • 

•  •  •• 


:\;; 


390 


Notei  of  the  Month* 


[April, 


and  Judgment.*'  The  subjects  selected 
are — Moses  bringing  down  the  tables  of 
the  law  to  the  Israelites,  the  fall  of  maD, 
his  condemnation  to  labour,  the  judgment 
of  Solomon,  the  visit  of  the  Queen  of 
Sheba,  the  building  of  the  Temple,  the 
judgment  of  Daniel,  Daniel  in  the  lions* 
den,  the  vision  of  Daniel.  The  eight 
paintings  for  the  Peers'  corridor,  which 
are  not  yet  commenced,  are  to  indicate 
the  heroic  virtues  displayed  on  both  sides 
during  the  Civil  War;  and  the  Commous' 
corridor  is  to  continue  and  complete  the 
subject.  The  Commission  have  deter- 
mined that  in  the  corridors  or  halls  con- 
nected with  the  central  hall,  the  chrono- 
logical order  of  subjects  or  of  personages 
shall  begin  from  that  hall.  The  statues 
in  St.  Stephen's  Hall,  when  completed, 
will  represent  Selden,  Hampden,  Lord 
Falkland,  Lord  Clarendon,  Lord  Somers, 
Sir  Robert  Walpole,  Lord  Chatham,  Lord 
Mansfield,  Burke,  Fox,  Pitt,  and  Grattan. 
Those  of  Clarendon,  Falkland,  and  Hamp- 
den are  completed ;  the  remainder,  except- 
ing  the  four  last-named,  are  commissioned. 
Mr.  Dyce  is  the  only  artist  employed  who 
for  a  limited  period  receives  a  salary.  He 
is  at  present  engaged  in  painting  *'  The 
Legend  of  King  Arthur,'^  and  the  agree- 
ment provides  that  he  shall  receive  a 
salary  of  800/.  a-year  for  six  years. 

The  Crystal  Palace  Company  are  pro- 
ceeding with  their  great  work  with  undi- 
minished enterprise.  They  have  voted 
the  raising  of  250,000/.  more  money, 
making  a  million  in  all ;  they  are  letting 
their  space  fast  at  from  7».  6d.  to  G0#. 
a  square  foot ;  in  one  instance  500/.  has 
been  given  for  a  plot  of  space  8  feet  by  8  ; 
and  seven  Industrial  Courts  are  to  be 
erected  under  the  superintendence  of 
Messrs.  Barry,  Tite,  Thomas,  Stokes, 
Crace,  Charpentier,  and  Semper,  for  the 
use  of  exhibitors.  The  art  and  natural 
history  works  are  proceeding  with  great 
rapidity  and  beauty  under  the  guidance  of 
Messrs.  Layard,  Owen  Jones,  and  Digby 
Wyatt,  and  Professors  Owen,  Forbes, 
Latham,  and  Sir  Joseph  Paxton.  The 
idea  of  a  monster  organ  is  relinquished. 
The  water-towers  at  each  end  of  the  build- 
ing have  not  been  found  adequate  for 
working  the  fountains,  but  20,000/.  will 
soon  set  that  right — not  soon  enough, 
however,  to  exhibit  the  jeis  d  Vati  at  the 
end  of  May,  when  the  building  is  posi- 
tively to  be  opened.  Up  to  the  present 
time  the  sum  of  679,720/.  has  been  ex- 
pended under  the  following  heads :  Pur* 
chase  of  land,  50,240/. ;  Purchase  and  re- 
moval of  the  materials  of  the  original 
building,  95,000/. ;  Construction  of  the 
main  building  of  the  Crystal  Palace, 
135,050/. ;    Tonnely    heating    apparatus, 


&C.I  S4,536/. ;  Wings,  water-towers,  &o. 
34,090/.;  Hydraulic  works,  93,670/.; 
Park  terraces,  gardens,  Stc  98,214/. ;  New 
roads  and  approaches,  &c.  4,350/. ;  Plants, 
garden  works,  fountains,  &c.  inside  the 
palace,  6,450/. ;  Natural  history  illustra- 
tions, 11,176/. ;  Fine  Art  Courts,— Pom- 
peian,  Alhambra,  Assyrian,  Greek,  Ro- 
man, Egyptian,  Mediaeval,  Renaiitance, 
Italian,  and  Byzantine,  52,500/. ;  Collec- 
tion of  Sculpture,  32,060/. ;  Sundry  fit- 
tings  throughout  the  building,  7,000/.  | 
General  expenses,  including  engineering 
staff,  superintendence,  officers'  salaries,  law 
and  Parliamentary  expenses,  surveying, 
rent  and  taxes,  and  miscellaneous  dii- 
ybursements,  35,384/. 

The  British  Commissioners  who  went 
last  year  to  New  York  to  attend  the 
American  Industrial  Exhibition,  finding 
its  opening  postponed,  determined  to  em* 
ploy  the  interval  in  separately  vititing 
various  parts  of  the  United  States  in  which 
raw  materials  were  likely  to  be  most 
abundant,  mechanical  skill  most  largely 
applied,  manufacturing  industry  fairly 
established,  and  art  and  science  most  per- 
fectly developed.  The  reports  on  two  of 
these  tours  have  just  been  presented  to 
Parliament — one  made  by  Mr.  George 
Wallis,  who  undertook  the  examination  of 
moat  of  the  departments  of  manufacturing 
industry  ;  the  other  by  Mr.  Joseph  Whit- 
worth,  chiefiy  on  machinery.  Both  re* 
ports  contain  a  great  mass  of  interesting 
information  on  the  present  condition  of 
the  United  States. 

A  proposal  is  in  circulation  to  erect 
some  sepulchral  memorial  near  the  grave 
of  Archbishop  Leighion.  He  lies  buried 
at  Horsted  Keynes,  in  the  county  of 
Sussex,  in  which  village,  after  his  reiigna* 
tion  of  the  see  of  Glasgow  in  1673-4,  he 
resided  until  his  death  in  1684.  During 
that  period  he  constantly  took  part  in  the 
performance  of  the  church  services  either 
at  Horsted  Keynes  or  one  of  the  neigh- 
bouring parishes,  and  frequently  visited 
the  poor  and  sick.  His  body  was  deposited 
in  a  small  aisle  or  chapel  on  the  south- 
east side  of  the  church,  belonging  to  Ed- 
ward Lightmaker,  esq.  nis  brother-in-law. 
About  seventy  years  ago  thatohapelhaviiut 
fallen  into  decay,  was  pulled  down,  and 
probably  at  that  time  the  Archbbhop'e 
gravestone  was  broken,  and  the  fragment! 
plaoed  against  the  a4)>cent  wall,  where 
they  remain.  The  several  objects  proposed 
are,  1 .  a  simple  and  appropriate  tomb ; 
^.  new  sittings  in  the  church,  perticularly 
for  the  school  children;  and  3.  soae 
stained  glass  in  the  chancel  window ;  the 
surplus,  if  any,  to  be  devoted  to  the  belter 
endowment  of  the  parish  schools.  Theee 
who  assisted  in  perpetuating  the  hallowed 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


891 


memorials  of  Ken  and  of  Hooker,  and  all 
who  reverence  the  name  of  the  truly  evan- 
gelical Leighton,  will  hasten  to  contribute 
to  this  design,  which  has  received  the  sane* 
tion  of  the  Bishop  of  Chichester.  It  is  an 
occasion  which  will  surely  draw  forth  some 
testimony  from  the  Episcopal  Church  of 
Scotland.  The  London  bankers  arc  Messrs. 
Drummond,  and  Messrs.  Hoare,  in  Fleet 
Street. 

Mr.  W.  Newton,  of  Chancery  Lane, 
author  of  "  A  Display  of  Heraldry,"  1846, 
8vo.  has  prepared  for  early  publication  a 
Map  of  London  in  the  olden  timej  which 
promises  to  be  of  great  archaeological  and 
topographical  utility.  It  is  in  the  form  of 
a  bird's-eye  view  of  Tjondon  and  its  sub- 
urbs, and  is  compiled  from  John  Roque's 
survey  made  in  the  beginning  of  the  last 
century,  Ogilvy's  old  map,  the  print  by 
Radulphus  Aggas,  the  representation  of 
London  by  Hofnagle,  published  at  Nu- 
remberg in  1572,  and  every  other  import- 
ant accessible  authority.  The  map  will 
be  published  entire,  and  in  divisions  to 
bind  up  with  the  text  in  folio. 

In  connection  with  this  subject  we 
should  notice  that  the  fictitious  character 
of  certain  views  of  the  Fortifications  of 
London  at  the  time  of  the  Civil  War  has 
been  exposed  by  the  Editor  of  **  Notes 
and  Queries.*'  A  set  of  twenty  etchings 
was  published  last  year,  purporting  to  be 
taken  from  drawings  made  in  1643  by 
Capt.  John  Eyre  of  Oliver  Cromwell's 
own  regiment.  These  and  some  other 
drawings  ascribed  to  Hollar  have  come 
from  the  same  manufactory.  The  genuine 
map  of  the  Fortifications  of  London  wus 
engraved  by  Vertne  in  1738,  and  copied 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  June, 
1749. 

An  Essex  paper  states  that  several 
London  archftologists  and  collectors  of 
antiquities  have  recently  been  deceived, 
in  the  purchase  of  silver  coins  bearing  the 
resemblance  of  genuine  British  and  early 
Saxon  coins  of  Cunobeline  and  his  epoch, 
and  clever  imitations  of  the  late  Roman 
denarii  on  one  side,  and  Saxon  on  the 
other,  which  prove  to  be  counterfeit  pre- 
sentments of  the  same.  The  vendors  re- 
present the  coins  to  have  been  discovered 
at  Colchester,  but  those  sold  are  found  to 
have  been  brought  from  Ipswich. 

There  is  at  present  submitted  to  public 
inspection  in  the  Museum  of  Art  at  Marl- 
borough House  a  small  but  exceedingly 
curious  collection  of  models  in  clay  and 
wax,  said  to  have  been  found^in  a  house 
at  Florence,  and  believed  to  be  original 
studies  by  Michael  Angelo,  Raffaelle, 
Donatello,  and  other  celebrated  Italian 
sculptors.  This  collection,  having  been 
offered  to  the  French  Goyemment  and  to 


the  trustees  of  the  British  Museum  and 
National  Gallery  without  finding  a  pur- 
chaser, is  now  exhibited,  that  it  may  un- 
dergo a  careful  examination  by  the  best 
judges,  and  have  its  value  ascertained. 
Whether  its  estimated  money  value  (viz. 
3,000/.)  be  a  fair  market  price  we  are  not 
prepared  to  say  ;  but  there  can  be  no 
question  about  the  artistic  merits  of  these 
interesting  models. 

We  are  requested  by  Mr.  Darling,  the 
manager  of  the  Clerical  (or  Metropolitan) 
Library,  to  contradict,  as  entirely  without 
foundation,  an  injurious  report  that  that 
establishment  is  in  the  market,  and  about 
to  be  sold.  Mr.  Darling  is  making  con- 
stant progress  with  his  excellent  catalogue, 
or  Cyclopedia  Bibliographica,  which  has 
now  proceeded  to  its  XVIIIth  Part,  as  far 
as  the  name  of  Surtees. 

The  original  of  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able and  characteristic  Letters  of  Oliver 
Cromwell  has  been  sold  during  the  past 
month  by  Messrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson. 
It  was  written  shortly  after  the  battle  of 
Worcester,  in  answer  to  an  address  of  con- 
gratulation* which  he  had  received  from 
the  colonists  of  Boston  in  New  England, 
at  the  hand  of  their  pastor  Mr.  John 
Cotton.  It  is  given  by  Mr.  Carlyle  (vol. 
ii.  p.  358),  having  been  originally  pub- 
lished in  Harris's  collection  of  Letters, 
p.  518,  in  a  partially  modernised  form. 
More  faithfully  copied,  it  reads  as  follows : 

*'  Worthye  S*",  and  my  Christian  freind, 

"  I  received  yours  a  few  dayes  sithence. 
It  was  welcome  to  me  because  signed  by 
you,  whome  I  love  and  honour  in  the 
Lord,  but  more  to  see  some  of  the  same 
grounds  of  our  actiones  stirringe  in  you 
that  have  in  us,  to  quiet  us  to  our  worke, 
and  supporte  us  therein ;  w^  hath  had  great- 
est difficultye  in  our  engagement  in  Scot- 
land, by  reason  wee  have  had  to  doe  w*'* 
some  whoe  were  (I  verily  thinke)  Godly, 
but  thorough  weaknesse,  and  the  subtil tye 
of  Sathao,  involved  in  interests  against  the 
Lord  and  his  people.  With  what  tender- 
nesse  we  have  proceeded  with  such,  and 
that  in  syuccritye,  our  papers  (which  I 
suppose  you  have  seen)  will  in  part  mani- 
fest, and  I  give  you  some  comfortable 
assurance  off.  The  Lord  hath  marvelously 
appeared  even  against  them,  and  now 
againe,  when  all  the  power  was  devolved 
into  the  Scottish  Kinge  and  the  malignant 
partie,  they  Invadeinge  England,  the  Lord 
rayned  upon  them  such  snares  as  the  en- 
closed will  8hew,t  only  the  Narrative  is 
short  in  this,  that  of  their  whole  armie 


*  This  is  also  extant,  in  Hutchinson's 
Collection,  1769,  p.  236. 

t  Inclosed  was  a  printed  Narrative  of 
the  Battle  of  Worcester. 


892 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[April, 


when  the  Narrative  was  framed  not  five  of 
theire  whole  armie  were  returned.  Sarely, 
S*",  the  Lord  is  greatlj  to  be  feared,  as  to 
be  praised.  Wee  need  y'  prayers  in  this 
as  mach  as  ever.  How  shall  wee  behave 
our  selves  after  such  mercyes  ?  What  is 
the  Lord  a  doeing  ?  What  prophesies  are 
now  fuUfillinge?  Whoe  is  a  God  like 
ours  ?  To  know  his  will,  to  doe  his  will, 
are  both  of  Him. 

"  I  tooke  this  libertye  from  businesse 
to  salate  you  thus  in  a  word ;  truly  I  am 
readye  to  serve  you  and  the  rest  of  our 
brethren  and  the  churche  w*^  you.  I  am 
a  poore  weake  creature,  and  not  worthye 
the  name  of  a  worme,  yett  accepted  to 
serve  [the  Lord]  and  his  people ;  indeed, 
[my  dear]  freind,  between  you  [and  mee,] 
you  knowe  not  mee,  [my  weakjnesses,  my 
inordinate  passions,  my  [unskil]fullnesse 
and  every  way  nnfittnesse  to  my  worke ; 
yett,  yett,  the  Lord  whoe  will  have  mercye 
in  whome  Hee  will,  does  as  you  see.  Pray 
for  mee.  Salute  all  Christian  freindes, 
though  unknowen.     I  rest, 

'*  Your  affectionate  freind  to  serve  yon, 

"  O.  Cromwell. 

"Octob'2*,  1651." 

The  letter  was  first  dated  on  the  29th  of 
September,  but  afterwards  altered  to  the 
2d  of  October.     The  direction  is, — 

For  my  esteemed  friend 
Mr  Cotton,  Pastor 
to  the  Church  att  Boston 
in  New  England, 

theise. 

The  seal  is  still  attached,  being  a  shield  of 


six  quarterings  and  the  crest  of  CromwdL 
Since  the  letter  was  first  copied,  it  has  loit  a 
portion  of  the  second  leaf,  containing  the 
words  which  we  have  inclosed  in  brackets. 
After  a  vigorous  competition,  this  hi^y 
interesting  document  was  knocked  diown 
for  36/.  to  Mr.  H.  Stevens,  the  Americtn 
agent ;  and  will  therefore  again  cross  over 
to  the  New  Englanders,  to  whom  let  all 
credit  be  given  for  a  due  appreciation  of 
their  most  important  literary  monuments. 
At  the  same  sale  was  also  a  curious  do- 
cument, thus  described  in  the  catalogue : — 
'*  Publication  of  the  Peace  between  Eog* 
land  and  the  United  Netherlands,**  a 
printed  broadside,  one  page  folio,  August 
14  (24),  1667,  signed  on  behalf  of  the 
States-General  by  the  Duke  of  Ripperda, 
H.  Beveminck,  Hdybert,  Rongestall,  Van 
Arckenborck  \  and  on  behalf  of  the  King 
of  Great  Britain  by  Denzil  Lord  Holies 
and  Sir  H.  Coventry,  with  the  seals  of  all 
the  parties;  an  important  original  State 
document.  The  peace  thus  inglorioualy 
concluded,  after  so  lavish  an  ezpenditore 
on  the  war,  may  be  regarded  as  the  com- 
mencement of  Charles's  difficulties.  This 
lot  sold  for  3/.  7«.  A  letter  of  Richard 
Cromwell,  addressed  to  the  Lords  of  the 
Council,  April  28,  1657,  relating  to  the 
business  of  the  New  Forest,  was  sold  for 
4/.  One  signed  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  ad- 
dressed to  Henri  IV.  Oct  17, 1598,  for  2/. 
A  memoriall  for  Anthony  Uussey  esquire, 
governer  of  the  merchant  adventuren, 
signed  by  Marye  ths  Qmne,  1556,  for 
3/.  7f. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


TXRRA  LiNDISFARNENSIS.  —  The  Nu- 

iural  Hiitory  of  the  Eattern  Borders, 
By  George  Johnston,  M,D,  Bdin,  LL,D. 
qf  Maritchal  College,  Aberdeen ;  Fellow 
qfthe  Royal  College  qf  Surgeona  qf  Bdin- 
burgh,  j;c.  Vol,  /.  The  Bolany,  Svo, 
pp.  336. — The  earliest  topographical  works 
that  were  written  in  England  were  those 
which  treated  of  local  and  natural  features, 
to  which  Aubrey  and  Ashmole,  Plot  and 
Salmon,  paid  their  chief  attention  ;  and  it 
was  not  until  Sir  William  Dugdale  had 
set  a  different  example  in  his  Warwick- 
shire that  the  staple  material  of  topogra- 
phy came  to  be  considered  as  consisting 
of  family  pedigree  and  the  descent  of 
feudal  and  territorial  property.  Now, 
though  we  are  far  from  undervaluing  the 
interest  of  gentilitial  and  biographical  his- 
tory, which  lends  such  material  aids  to  the 
general  history  of  the  country  and  its 
people,  we  must  admit  that  we  find  some- 
7 


thing  peculiarly  refreshing  in  a  book  whidi 
treats  of  the  country  itself,  its  natural 
wonders  both  below  and  above  the  surface, 
the  enduring  beauties  of  its  mountains  and 
its  streams,  and  the  ever- varying  charnie 
of  that  vesture  in  which  it  is  annually  and 
perennially  clothed  by  the  untiring  hand 
of  Nature.  Such  a  book  is  that  which  we 
have  now  before  us :  and  though  its  spe- 
cific  subject  is  *'  The  Botany''  of  the  oii- 
trict  to  which  it  relates,  it  is  sufficiently 
varied  in  its  contents — sufficiently  inter- 
spersed with  anecdote,  and  folk-lore,  and 
legend,  and  poetry,  and  biography,  and 
local  description,  to  be  generally  intereat- 
ing  to  every  intelligent  reader.  "  It  is  very 
true,"  says  the  author,  ^  that  I  have  been 
a  scholar  for  many  years  in  the  Book  of, 
Nature ;  and  I  have  taught  myself  to  take 
note  of,  and  pleasure  in,  those  works 
with  which  the  Creator  has  crowded  and 
adorned  the  paths  I  daily  walk ;  and  f«re 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


393 


I  am  that  now  I  can  see  and  appreciate  a 
beauty  and  excellence  where  otherwise 
they  would  not  have  impressed  me."  A 
scholar  studying  in  such  a  spirit  may  con- 
fidently hope  that  he  opens  that  great 
Book  aright — and  fitly  may  he  learn ,  and 
fitly  teach.  Dr.  Johnston  apprises  his 
readers  that  his  own  work  is  not  exactly 
"  a  book  of  useful  knowledge,  in  the  sense 
that  men  interpret  the  useful/'  but  its  aim 
is  to  lead  to  habits  of  correct  observation, 
to  the  ready  classification  of  minute  facts, 
and  to  the  studies  that  woo  the  spirit  away 
from  grossness,  that  keep  the  mind  in  life 
and  action,  and  furnish  it  with  varied  and 
ever-germinating  matter  of  thought  and 
illustration, — "  at  once  adorning  and  re- 
lieving the  toils  and  vexations  of  a  busy 
life,  and  refining  and  exalting  the  enjoy- 
ments of  a  social  one.'' 

"  The  Eastern  borders,"  which  form  the 
field  of  the  author's  observations,  "  com- 
prehend the  whole  of  Berwickshire,  the 
Liberties  of  Berwick,  North  Durham,  and 
the  immediately  adjacent  parts  of  Nor- 
thumberland and  Roxburghshire.  To- 
gether they  form  a  district  of  a  nearly 
circular  figure,  about  forty  miles  in  dia- 
meter, and  bounded  by  a  tolerably  distinct 
outline,  which  the  eye  can  trace  out  from 
any  commanding  height  within  its  area. 
It  consists  of  a  succession  of  elevated  ridges 
and  intermediate  valleys,  running  almost 
parallel  to  each  other,  with  hills  occasion- 
ally rising  from  the  plain  itself.  ••  While 
the  surface  is  in  general  under  cultivation, 
and  full  of  productive  virtue,  there  are 
many  tracts  of  heath  and  of  '  morishe  evill 
ground  of  litle  valore,'— so  many  and  so 
dispersed,  that  scarcely  any  farm  can  be 
said  to  be  without  its  parcel  of  waste  land. 
Extensive  muirs,  too,  occupy  portions  of 
the  very  centre,  while  the  elevated  bound- 
ary is  clothed  with  heath,  or  with  a  green 
sward  intermingled  with  heath,  and  having 
oases  of  ranker  growth  to  freshen  the 
prospect.  The  Tweed  and  its  tributaries, 
glancing  at  rare  intervals  on  the  eye, 
meander  through  the  basin,  opening  up 
valleys  of  various  breadths  and  of  great 
beauty;  while  haughs  and  deans  and  glens, 
each  threaded  by  its  own  burn  or  rivulet, 
are  found  everywhere,  affording  an  endless 
series  of  haunts  to  the  naturalist  who  may 
love  to  court  their  intricate  and  receding 
secrets.  The  district,  as  a  whole,  is  as 
fair  a  one,  to  my  partial  eye,  as  ever  glad- 
dened the  heart  of  man." 

It  is  roughly  estimated  as  containing  a 
thousand  square  miles,  or  abovit  700,000 
acres.  There  are  many  eminences  which 
command  magnificent  views,  some  of  the 
finest  of  which  are  Langton  Edge,  Soutra 
Hill,  Hume  and  Berwick  Castles,  and 
Halidon.     Dr.  Johnston  proceeds  to  de- 

Gent.  Mag,  Vol.  XLI. 


scribe  the  soils,  the  waters,  and  the  cli- 
mate, into  which  our  space  will  not  permit 
us  to  follow  him  :  but  we  must  give  a  few 
short  extracts,  in  order  to  show  the  delight- 
ful manner  in  which  he  treats  the  smaller 
topics  of  his  discourse.  The  localities  of 
one  species  of  violet  are  thus  picturesquely 
sketched:  ''Viola  Lutba.  This  violet  is 
found  on  the  entire  range  of  the  Cheviots 
and  of  the  Lammermuirs,  wherever  the 
sward  is  free  of  rank  herbage  and  heather; 
and  hence  it  is  found  especially  on  the 
green  tops  of  the  bills  that  are  occupied 
with  the  remains  of  the  camps  of  the 
ancient  British  people.  It  grows  on  the 
steep  banks  above  Fast  Castle,  and  on 
those  of  Coldingham  lough.  It  occupies  ^ 
the  British  camp  at  Ernesheugh  ;  and  sur- 
vives those  that  were  on  Ewieside,  Buncle- 
edge,  and  Preston-cleugh.  It  grows  in  the 
trenches  of  an  old  encampment  at  War- 
lawbank,  above  Auchincraw  or  Alden*- 
crawe  (always  pronounced  Eddincraw); 
and  amid  the  traces  of  the  Covenanters' 
encampment  on  Dunse-law.  It  is  on  the 
Eildon-hills ;  on  Sterrock  above  Kirk 
Yetholm ;  and  on  every  cairn -crowned 
summit  amidst  the  Cheviots.  It  might 
aptly  emblazon  the  arms  of  the  British  • 
antiquary." 

Cranberries  are  found  in  some  boggy 
spots  in  the  district,  but  are  gradually 
becoming  rare  from  the  encroachments  of 
the  farmer.  The  author  remembers  the 
time  when  a  small  quantity  of  native  cran- 
berries was  annually  sold  in  Berwick ; 
but  the  practice  is  obsolete,  and  the  fact 
might  soon  have  been  disputed,  had  it  not 
been  placed  upon  record.  There  was  once 
a  "  cranberry  boag  where  the  grounds  of 
Tweedmouth,  Ord,  and  Scremerston  doe 
meet,*"  of  such  extent  and  vulgar  noto- 
riety as  to  have  been  made  a  landmark ; 
but,  were  other  boundary  unknown,  it 
might  now  require  a  nice  and  judicial  in- 
quiry to  determine  the  exact  position  of  it. 

Here  is  another  happy  botanical  illus- 
tration of  history :  "  The  Hev.  James 
Raine,  in  his  History  of  North  Durham, 
p.  55,  notices,  from  Bede,  that  the  wooden 
church  of  Lindisfame,  rebuilt  by  Finan 
in  the  Scotish  fashion,  was  thatched  with 
reeds,  '  in  all  probability  the  wiry  Bent 
(Arundo  arenaria)  which  grows  in  such 
abundance  on  the  island.'  The  cabin  in 
the  Fern  islands,  to  which  St.  Cuthbert 
retired,  would  much  resemble  those  huts 
of  divots  or  sods  and  stone  which  are  still 
built  by  shepherds  in  our  muirlands  as  a 
^belter  in  bad  weather ;  and  the  Saint,  it 
is  no  improbable  conjecture,  may  have  got 
his  lesson  in  the  art  when  he  was  a  shep- 
herd boy  on  the  banks  of  the  Leader.  The 
rude  hut,  built,  Bede  expressly  tells  us,  of 
stones  and  turf,  was  as  rudely  thatdied,— - 

3E 


394 


Miscellaneoui  Reviewi, 


[April, 


'  culmina  de  lig^is  informibas  et  foeno 
superposuit. '  The  foenum ,  we  will  assume, 
was  the  Bent.  Raine  informs  as,  p.  161, 
that  in  Holy  Island,'*  a  sandy  soil,  whereon 
grows  a  sort  of  grass  called  Bents,  is  com- 
mon among  the  freemen,  who  have  each  a 
right  to  depasture  a  certain  number  of 
cattle  thereon,  and  to  cut  Bents  for  cover- 
ing their  honses/  In  the  Account  Rolls 
there  are  other  notices  respecting  this 
grass.  *  1344-5.  Brushwood,  fewel,  and 
bent  bought,  43«.  4d/  (Mr.  Raine  infers 
that  this  entry  proves  the  bent  to  have 
served  for  fuel — an  inference  which  does 
seem  naturally  to  follow.)  In  the  same 
year  another  entry  is,  *  Bent  for  the  hall 
and  chambre  in  summer  and  autumn,  lOd.* 
1346-7.  *  Bent  for  strewing  the  hall  and 
chambre  in  summer,  b^d,*  These  were  the 
customs  of  a  *  good  olden  time,'  of  which 
it  is  pleasant  pastime  to  read, — with  a 
sense,  I  trust,  of  thankfulness  that  we 
were  not  born  .then  or  therein.** 

We  must  add  still  one  more  short  ex- 
tract  as  a  specimen  of  the  pleasant  manner 
in  which  the  author  connects  folk-lore 
anecdotes  and  rural  usages  with  the  main 
topics  of  his  disquisitions.  The  Plantago 
lanceolata,  or  Rib-grass,  bears  the  popular 
name  of  KempSf  derived  from  a  sportive 
warfare,  which  is  thus  described  :  "  It  is 
customary  with  children  to  challenge  each 
other  to  try  the  Kemps.  A  kemp  consists 
of  the  stalk  and  a  head  or  spike.  Of  these 
an  equal  number  is  skilfully  selected  by 
the  opposed  parties  :  then  one  is  held  out 
to  be  struck  at  with  one  from  the  oppo- 
nent's parcel,  which  is  thrown  aside  if 
decapitated,  but  if  not,  is  used  to  give  a 
stroke  in  return.  Thus,  with  alternate 
strokes  given  and  received,  the  boys  pro- 
ceed until  all  the  kemps  buf  one  are 
beheaded,  and  he  who  has  the  entire  kemp 
in  possession  considers  himself  the  victor. 
Kemp  is  synonymous  with  hero  or  cham- 
pion. But  the  practice  has  also  given  to 
the  plant  the  name  of  Fightee'Coeks 
amongst  the  children  in  Berwick  and  its 
vicinity;  and  in  Durham  Cock-fiyfUera,*'* 

Altogether,  we  regard  this  as  a  charm- 
ing book.  We  could  go  on  dipping  into 
it  for  ever,  and  continually,  as  in  the  fields 
of  which  it  treats,  plucking  some  fresh 
blossom  which  we  should  like  to  present 
to  our  readers.  But  we  must  now  forbear : 
after  stating  that  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
volume  the  Fossil  Flora  of  the  Mountain 
Limestone,  in  connection  with  the  Natural 
History  of  Coal,  is  described  in  a  very  inte- 
resting way  by  Mr.  George  Tate,  F.6.S. 
the  President  of  the  Naturalists*  Club  at 
Berwick,  and  that  whilst  "  The  Botany  of 
the  Eastern  Borders**  is  complete  in  the 
present  volume  (with  a  title-page  pur* 
posely  printed  for  it),  tlie  other  portiont 


of  their  Natural  History  are  reeenred  for 
fature  publicatioiL 

JonrmU  of  a  Reiidtnc*  hi  the  Damtiim^ 
Principalities  m  the  Autumn  and  Winter 
of  1853.  By  Patrick  0*Brien.  (A.  Beni^ 
ley.)  —  This  brief  and  seasonable  littte 
volume  deserves  commendatioii  for  the 
clearness  with  which  it  points  oat  the  pe- 
culiarities of  the  present  position  of  the 
Danubian  provinces,  and  the  fresh  warn- 
ings it  gives  as  to  the  faitfalesmess  and 
perfidy  of  Russia.  Mr.  O^Brien  left  Con- 
stantinople last  September,  for  the  month 
of  the  Danube,  in  an  Austrian  steamer. 
They  anchored  first  at  Yaroa.  Nothing, 
he  says,  could  look  better  or  more  warlike 
than  the  Sultan*8  fleet,  stretching  from 
the  Bay  of  Buyukdere  to  the  entranee  of 
the  Black  Sea.  Strong  batteries  were 
erected  at  intervals,  and  at  Varna  about 
10,000  soldiers  were  encamped ;  but  il 
appeared  to  him  that  there  was  a  want  of 
promptitude  in  the  management  of  the  gons. 

A  few  hours  brought  Mr.  0*Brien*i 
steamer  from  Varna  to  within  a  mile  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Danube ;  and  here  ho 
comef  into  full  view  of  the  natural  daA* 
culties  which  obstract  commerce  in  this 
quarter,  difficulties  which  Russia  is  bound 
by  treaty  to  do  her  best  in  lessening,  but 
which,  on  the  contrary,  she  seems  studi- 
ously to  have  neglected. 

'*  The  expanse  of  muddy  water  beforo 
us  (says  Mr.  O'Brien)  was  strewed  with 
wrecks.  There  was  something  fearfully 
desolate  in  the  scene.  Where  the  water 
was  shallow,  the  dark  halls  of  vessels  wert 
peering  above  the  yellow  tide,  like  half- 
covered  corpses ;  and  in  other  places  the 
masts  alone  of  the  sunken  vessels  were 
seen  rising  up  from  the  water  like  the 
outstretched  arms  of  a  drowning  man. 
Stranded  on  the  shore,  was  the  large  hall 
of  a  Dutch -built  vessel,  rotting  in  the  sun^ 
and  close  to  us  were  some  men  in  boats, 
trying  to  fish  up  the  cargo  of  a  veseel. 
which  had  gone  down  the  day  before. 
Within  the  bar  was  another  steamer  wait- 
ing to  convey  us  up  the  Danube.  We 
crossed  to  it  in  a  barge;  with  sails  set,  for 
the  wind  was  fair;  she  was,  moreover, 
pulled  by  six  men,  and  towed  by  another 
six-oared  boat,  with  sails  also  set.  In  about 
an  hour  we  reached  the  steamer  waiting 
for  us  in  the  Danube,  and  landed  for  the 
purpose  of  looking  at  the  town  of  Sulina.** 

This  is  a  wretched  Russian  town,  reek- 
ing with  fevers  in  summer ;  almost  anin- 
habitable  from  cold  in  winter :  **  and 
(says  Mr.  0*Brien)  1  counted  more  than 
two  hundred  vessels  of  different  sixes  at 
anchor.  Some  had  been  there  for  three 
months,  unable  to  get  over  the  bar/' 

Now,  oeeordiBg  to  the  treaty  of  VitnDt, 


1854.] 


Miscellaneoui  Heviewi^ 


895 


the  great  rivers  of  Europe  were  to  be  open 
to  the  ships  of  all  nations  ;  but  it  is  evi- 
dent that,  either  from  apathy  or  design,  the 
Danube  will  be  very  shortly  closed  alto- 
gether. The  channels  at  Sulina,  St. 
George,  aod  Kilia,  are  all  in  the  hands  of 
Russia.  On  condition  of  her  keeping 
open  the  channel  of  Sulina,  Austria  con- 
sented that  each  of  her  vessels  should  pay 
a  toll  to  Russia  of  two  dollars.  How  has 
Russia  performed  her  part  of  the  contract  ? 
Nothing  would  be  easier,  by  means  of  a 
properly  managed  dredging  vessel,  Mr. 
O'Brien  thinks,  than  to  keep  this  channel 
open.  But  the  single  vessel  professedly 
employed  by  Russia  for  this  purpose  was 
lying  idle  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and, 
judging  from  its  filthy  and  neglected  ap- 
pearance, must  have  been  long  disused. 
The  richness  of  the  Wallachian  provinces 
is  shown  by  the  enormous  quantity  of 
grain,  overflowing  the  storehouses  of 
Ibraila,  and  lying  in  large  mounds  in  the 
streets,  for  want  of  house-room.  The 
various  other  and  abundant  products  of 
the  soil,  which  only  the  difficulty  of  trans* 
port  prevents  from  making  their  way  to 
all  parts  of  the  world,  sufficiently  show 
how  much  Russia  has  done  and  can  do  to 
obstruct  trade,  by  her  faithlessness  to  her 
engagements. 

Mr.   O'Brien's  account  of  Bucharest 
will  be  read  with  interest.     Its  first  ap- 
pearance is  striking  ;   its  three   hundred 
churches,  each  of  which  has  two  or  more 
spires,   rising  up  gracefully  to  the  sky. 
The   reader    may    be   surprised    to   hear 
that  it  covers  nearly  tis  much  ground  as 
Paris,  but  then  it  must  be  added  that  a 
third  of  this  space  is  takeu  up  by  gardens 
so  that  the  bright  green  foliage  of  trees 
breaks  the  uniformity  of  building  and  in- 
creases the  beautiful  effect.     Neither  was 
the  traveller  greatly  disappointed  on  nearer 
acquaintance.     After  a  long  faubourg  of 
gardens  and  one-storied  houses,  he  reached 
a  street,  broad  and  well  built,  containing 
some  fine  erections.     This  is  the  quarter 
where  the  Spanish  Jews  have  their  private 
residences.     Further  on  are  good  streets, 
with  handsome  shops  on  either  side,  full 
of  bustle.     There   are   handsome  hotels, 
and  living,  except  in  house  rent,  appears 
to  be  moderate.     The  Opera  House  is  as 
handsome  and  commodious  a  theatre  as  is 
to  be  found  in  any  city  of  Europe,  capable 
of  accommodating   from    seven    to    eight 
hundred  people,  and  very  luxuriously  fitted 
up,  with,  at  the  time  Mr.  O'Brien  visited 
it  (last  October),  a  respectably  good  Italian 
company.     There  is  a  public  promenade, 
and    also   a  public  garden,   laid   out   in 
English   style,    and    exceedingly    pretty, 
with  bright  flowers,  fine  trees,  numerous 
fountains,  and  a  fmall  lake. 


Of  all  this  Russia  seemed  to  be  the  then 
supreme  arbiter ;  and  this,  Mr.  O'Brieii 
thinks,  tells  against  the  propriety  of  its 
distinctive  name,  which  literally  signifies 
**  city  of  pleasure.^^  A  magnificent  Russian 
army  of  18,000  men  occupied  the  neigh- 
bourhood under  Prince  Gortschakoff,  and 
went  through  its  movements  in  a  review 
with  admirable  precision,  appearing  also  to 
be  well  officered.  It  is  melancholy  to  think 
that,  whatever  be  the  event  of  a  war,  whether 
Turk  or  Russian  carry  the  day,  these  pro- 
vinces must  be  the  great  suff'erers.  For 
still  will  foreign  troops  feed  on  the  rich  pro- 
ducts and  live  at  the  expense  of  the  people. 
Russia  affects  to  treat  the  inhabitants  as 
vassals  of  the  Turk,  while  the  Turk  hates 
them  as  Giaours.  Thus  are  the  poor 
Moldo-Wallachians  beaten  from  pillar  to 
post  without  the  power  of  redress.  A 
more  docile,  hard-working,  honest  people, 
according  to  the  present  journalist,  can 
hardly  be  found.  Such  things  as  drunken 
riots  are  unknown,  and  theft  is  rare. 
Among  the  upper  classes  there  are  many 
well-educated  and  gifted  men,  who,  for 
want  of  a  suitable  public  career  in  their 
own  land,  are  depressed  there,  or  are  vo- 
luntary exiles  elsewhere.  Russian  com- 
missaries fix  the  price  of  provisions,  which 
during  last  summer  were  much  under- 
charged. There  is  not  a  treaty  formed 
for  the  benefit  of  these  provinces  which 
Russia  has  not  violated.  She  has  gained 
the  bitter  hatred  of  the  people  ;  and  could 
we  but  contemplate,  as  the  result  of  the 
contest  now  waging  in  the  Wallachian 
provinces,  the  establishment  of  a  govern- 
ment independent  alike  of  Muscovite  and 
Mahometan,  it  would  be  a  cheering  issue 
of  a  war.  Here  are  two  principalities, 
capable  of  supporting  twenty  millions  of 
souls.  Suppose  a  ruler  chosen  for  them 
among  the  royal  families  of  Germany,  and 
a  regular  dynasty  formed :  then  an  end 
might  be  put  to  the  wretched  plots  among 
the  Boyards  and  the  deputies  of  Russia 
which  keep  the  country  always  turbulent 
and  depressed.  No  region  in  Europe  pos- 
sesses more  of  the  elements  of  prosperity, 
and  none  has  been  more  wretchedly  mis- 
governed. 

Mr.  O'Brien,  who  has  resided  much  in 
Greece,  speaks  with  praise  of  its  govern- 
ment, and  believes  every  calumny  may 
be  traced  to  Russia.  King  Otho,  be  it 
said,  has  violated  no  promises,  and,  with 
the  exception  of  his  brother  Maximilian 
of  Bavaria,  is  really  the  only  sovereign  of 
the  Continent  who  has  adhered  to  his 
oaths  from  the  year  1848  till  now. 

The  Journal  of  Mr.  O'Brien  seems  to 
us  honestly  and  simply  written,  and  it  will 
be,  we  think,  extensively  read. 


396 


M%8cellaneou9  jReview$. 


[April, 


T%9  Roman  Statetfrom  1815  io  1850. 
Vol  IV.  By  Luigi  Carlo  Farini.  Tronic 
lated,  under  the  ntperintendeneo  of  the 
Honble,  W.  B,  Oladttone,  by  a  Lady, — 
Lorenzo  Benoni ;  or^  Pastagee  in  the  Life 
of  an  Italian,  Second  Edition.  (Coiista- 
ble.) — Caetellamonte :  an  Italian  Bioyra- 
pAy  0/1831.  2  vole,  (Westcrton.)— ^fl^- 
mente  Litterairet :  Art,  Santa  Rota,  By 
Victor  Cousin. — The  concluding  Tolume 
of  M.  Farini's  work  is  translated  with 
especial  care.  It  treats,  of  coarse,  of 
matters  of  very  lively  interest.  The  siege 
of  Rome,  its  antecedents  and  consequences, 
— the  whole  being  wound  up  by  a  sum- 
mary view  of  the  present  position  of  the 
different  states  of  Italy,  and  the  author's 
opinion  thereupon,  in  a  long  and  well- 
written  letter  to  Mr.  Gladstone.  There  is, 
however,  a  general  tone  of  contempt,  and 
some  vituperation  of  the  Mazzini  party,  of 
the  ground  for  which  we  are  not  entirely 
convinced,  since  all  are  allowed  to  have 
their  theories,  and  elyle  is  a  matter  to  be 
largely  allowed  for.  Especially  we  may 
say  this,  since  it  really  does  not  appear 
that  M.  Farini  thinks  any  better  of  the 
position  of  Italy  than  Mazzini  himself. 

The  difficulties  of  that  position,  as 
stated  in  the  letter  to  which  we  refer, 
seem  no  nearer  being  met  by  the  most 
moderate,  than  by  the  most  stringent, 
measures  which  can  be  proposed.  The 
Republican  idea,  it  is  well  known,  has 
been  adopted  by  many  Italians,  who  are 
by  no  means  Republicans  from  conviction 
— by  many  who  would  willingly  and  gladly 
accept  of  good  government  under  a  repre> 
sentative  monarchy,  but  for  the  practical 
impossibility  of  meeting  with  a  head.  In- 
dependence of  foreign  rulers  being  the 
point  to  which  the  wishes  of  all  turn,  it  is 
scarcely  fair  to  brand  with  distinctive  ob- 
loquy those  who,  unable  to  see  their  way 
to  it  through  the  monarchical  principle, 
and  deeply  distrustful  of  the  petty  princes, 
come  to  the  resolution  of  confiding  only 
in  a  general  federal  government. 

It  is  not,  however,  possible  in  the  limits 
allowed  here  to  discuss  so  complex  a  sub- 
ject. The  facts  of  M.  Farini's  work  are 
all  we  can  touch  on. 

First  among  these,  it  must,  one  is 
grieved  to  see,  be  stated,  that,  though 
three  and  a  half  years  have  now  passed 
since  the  siege,  the  Government  of  Rome 
itself  has  not  become  more  tender,  merci- 
ful, and  just,  but  quite  the  reverse.  The 
Pope,  so  far  from  softening,  has  become 
harsh  and  revengeful.  Numerous  are  the 
instances  of  petty  tyranny  recorded  by  M. 
Farini.  New  and  inquisitorial  laws  have 
been  framed,  newly-constituted  crimes 
have  been  severely  punished,  while  flog- 
ging and  proscriptioD,  and  twenty  years  of 


the  galleys  for  small  offences »  are  in  the 
ordinary  course  of  what  is  called  **  jus- 
tice." 

Meanwhile  (says  M.  Farini)  the  people 
are  not  proteisted  from  real  criminals. 
Never  were  the  brigands  known  to  be  so 
daring.  In  spite  of  all  the  foreign  troops 
in  the  papal  states,  these  things  are  going 
on  daUy;  the  brigands  stop,  strip,  and 
murder  travellers,  and  plunder  the  smalt 
towns  and  vilUges,  undeterred  by  all  that 
the  soldiers  can  do  to  keep  them  down. 

The  taxes  in  these  papaJ  states  are  enor- 
mous, the  finances  and  commerce  at  the 
lowest  ebb,  while  smuggling  is  perpetually 
practised.  There  is  neither  public  nor  pri- 
vate security.  The  country  seems  abso- 
lutely without  moral  guidance — without 
liberty  to  do  well,  or  protection  from  evil* 
doers.  Factions  are  raging,  acts  of  private 
vengeance  are  numerous.  So  much  for  the 
city  and  state  in  which  his  Holiness  has  his 
abode,  and  which  he  professes  to  govern  1 

With  regard  to  the  other  Italian  states, 
things  are  scarcely  better.  M.  Farini  ob* 
serves  that  his  correspondent  is  well  aware 
what  Naples  was  in  1850.  Is  its  conditkm 
amended  ?    He  answers,  "No." 

In  Tuscany,  capital  punishment  is  pro- 
claimed. Leopold  destroys  all  the  bettef 
institutions  he  has  framcMl.  Every  one 
knows  how  he  visits  liberty  of  conscienoe. 

In  Lombardy  and  Venice,  Austria  holds 
sway,  ruling  by  the  sharp  argument  of  tbe 
sword.  Parma  and  Modena  are  mueh 
under  Austrian  influence  also. 

Piedmont  is  the  blessed  exception :  she 
preserves  free  institutions :  public  works 
proceed,  and  commerce  and  manufttf}* 
tures  flourish.  Yet  is  Piedmont  watdied 
jealously  by  all  her  neighbours.  A  liberal 
state,  surrounded  by  arbitrary  rulers,  otn 
scarcely  be  looked  upon  with  favour ;  and 
she  is  also  by  no  means  regarded  with 
complacence  by  the  ecclesiastical  powers. 

It  is  not  M.  Farini^s  opinion  that  the  Pope 
should  be  divested  of  all  temporal  power. 
He  would  have  him  a  prince, — but  a  prince 
with  very  circumscribed  territory.  Hit 
Government,  he  maintains,  ought  to  be, 
just  as  much  as  that  of  any  oSktr  prince, 
composed  of  laymen  ;  no  irresponsible  ec- 
clesiastic should  have  power  either  to  defy 
the  law  or  to  execute  it,  but  the  Pope, 
being  the  '*  Prince  of  Peace,"  ought  to 
govern  his  people  in  that  way  in  which 
the  subjects  of  Ajuet  ruler  are  governed. 
It  is  not  because  the  Pope  has  tem- 
poral power  that  imprecations  are  uttered 
against  him,  but  because  there  is  no  re- 
cognition of  the  separate  functions  of  the 
priest  and  of  the  ruler.  The  great,  the 
astounding  diflicnlty,  however,  is  how  to 
bring  about  so  vast  a  change.  '*  Can  the 
Pope,*'  asks  Mariotti,  «to  say  nothiaf  of 


1854.] 


Miscellaneoui  Reviews. 


397 


himself  and  his  cardinals,  do  away  with  his 
four  archbishops  and  ninety-eight  bishops  ? 
Can  he  reduce  the  prodigious  number  of 
his  priests,  which  are  as  one  twenty-eighth 
of  the  population  ?  Can  he  uncowl  his 
monks,  two  thousand  and  twenty-five  of 
whom  swarm  in  the  streets  of  Rome  alone  ? 
Neither  can  he  permit  the  people  to  pub- 
lish a  line  of  inquiry  or  rebuke  of  eccle- 
siastical vices.*' 

Considerations  like  these,  of  the  magni- 
tude of  the  evils  attendant  on  Italian  mis- 
government,  are  scarcely  susceptible  of 
exaggeration.  The  more  we  read  about 
them  the  less  are  we  surprised  at  the 
**  treasons,  stratagems,  and  spoils "  by 
which  such  evils,  apparently  so  irremedia- 
ble by  fair  and  open  means,  have  been 
met.  Nor,  surely,  are  we  candid  in  the 
supposition  that  those  who  have  resorted 
to  such  secret  agency  do  so  because  it  is 
in  harmony  with  their  characters  and 
tastes.  **  Secret  societies  **  (was  that  vir- 
tuous and  honourable  man,  Santa  Rosa, 
often  heard  to  say)  "  are  the  plague  and 
curse  of  Italy !  but  how  are  the  people  to 
dispense  with  them,  when  there  is  no  pub- 
licity, no  legalized  means  of  expressing 
our  opinions  with  impunity  V*  Who  could 
more  deeply  deplore,  nay,  even  with  a 
secret  shame,  the  having  been  drawn  at 
last  into  the  net  which  he  had  so  long 
tried  to  avoid  ?  So,  also,  is  it  with  the 
author  of  Lorenzo  Benoni,  written,  we 
are  assured,  by  one  of  the  Brothers 
Ruffini,  men  who  have  lefb  a  most  affec- 
tionate and  enduring  recollection  of  them- 
selves in  the  cities  of  their  exile. 

"  Verily,  I  assure  you,"  says  he,  **  the 
path  of  a  conspirator  is  not  strewn  with 
roses.  I  know  of  no  existence  which  re- 
quires such  continual  self-abnegation  and 
endurance.  .  .  .  He  ceases  to  belong  to 
himself — he  becomes  the  toy  of  any  one 
he  may  chance  to  meet — he  must  go  out 
when  he  would  rather  stay  at  home,  and 
stay  at  home  when  he  would  rather  go  out 
— he  has  to  talk  when  he  would  be  silent, 
and  hold  vigils  when  longing  to  be  in  bed. 
Verily,  I  say,  it  is  a  miserable  life.  It  has, 
it  is  true,  its  compensations,  few, but  sweet; 
the  occasional  intercourse  with  lofty  minds 
and  devoted  souls;  the  glimpse  of  the  silver 
lining  of  the  dark  cloud,  and  the  conviction 
that  all  this  wear  and  tear  is  smoothing  the 
way,  inch  by  inch,  towards  a  noble  and 
holy  end.'* — Lorenzo  Benoni,  p.  245. 

Again,  *^  Seen  from  a  distance,  and 
viewed  as  a  whole,  nothing  more  striking 
and  full  of  poetry  than  the  mighty  com- 
pendium of  so  many  wills  and  forces 
moved  by  one  spring,  and  working  its 
way  in  the  dark,  through  difficulty  and 
danger  of  every  description,  towards  the 
noblest  and  most  legitimate  of  conquests, 


that  of  liberty  and  independence  !  But  if 
from  the  contemplation  of  this  whole  you 
descend  to  observe  the  details,  farewell 
poetry,  and  hail  to  very  common-place 
prose!  How  much  egotism,  how  much 
littleness,  clogs  the  springs  of  this  multi- 
farious machinery." — 244. 

The  book  from  which  we  quote  is  beauti- 
fully written,  and  has  strong  inward  marks 
of  truthfulness,  though  in  the  incidents 
there  may  be  a  mixture  of  fiction.  The 
picture  of  the  life  of  the  young  Genoese  at 
college,  of  the  various  officials, — the  well- 
drawn  characters  of  the  author's  father, 
mother,  and  uncles, — the  enthusiastic  por- 
trait of  Fantasio,  (about  whose  identity 
there  can  be  no  doubt,)  and  of  Csesar,  Alfred, 
and  the  Prince,  all  fill  up  the  canvass  bravely, 
yet  there  is  no  crowdtng.  If  the  materials 
are  mostly  gleaned  from  real  life,  yet  does 
the  author  hold  the  pen  of  a  masterly 
novelist.  How  amusing,  if  it  were  not  so 
mournful  an  anticipation  of  graver  plays  at 
government,  is  the  account  of  the  school- 
boy "  constitution,"  with  its  eighteen  ar- 
ticles 1  And  how  naturally  the  idea  of  a 
republic  seems  to  have  sprung  out  of  the 
absurdity  of  a  public  education,  which 
though  instituted  by  a  despotic  govern- 
ment (as  that  of  Piedmont  was  at  this  pe- 
riod) was  entirely  republican ! 

"  Our  indignation  against  tyrants  and 
our  enthusiasm  even  for  their  assassins, 
seemed  to  be  purposely  excited.  The  sub- 
jects given  us  for  themes  in  the  classes 
were  ever  in  this  range  of  ideas.  Some- 
times we  were  to  hurl  the  thunder  of  our 
Latin  eloquence  upon  Cnsar  about  to  pass 
the  Rubicon.  At  others,  Brutus,  both 
elder  and  younger,  Mutius  Scsevola,  Cato, 
etc.  were  to  be  deified  in  poetry." — p.  60. 

In  imitation,  we  suppose,  of  this  very 
interesting  and  successful  work,  another 
Italian  has  given  us  a  story  called  Cas- 
tellamonte,  cast  in  the  same  mould ;  the 
hero  here,  too,  giving  the  period  of  his 
school- life.  This  life,  however, is  at  Parma, 
not  at  Genoa,  and  the  time  is  later,  namely 
in  1831.  It  is  not  without  merit ;  the 
first  volume  in  particular  is  lively  and 
clever;  but  the  author  is  far  below  his 
predecessor  in  the  power  of  toning  down 
his  pictures.  Throughout  the  whole  of 
Lorenzo  Benoni,  indeed,  the  sweetness  of 
an  amiable  character  preponderates.  There 
is  no  bragging,  no  boasting  or  vain-glory  ; 
no  swaggering  over  patriotism  and  liberty. 
You  fed  they  are  swelling  at  his  heart,  but 
they  do  not  make  him  brutal  towards  even 
his  country *s  worst  foes.  No  work  written 
by  an  exile  was  ever  less  personally  bitter  : 
and  therefore  has  it  done  more  for  Italian 
sufferers  perhaps  than  any  other,  except 
Silvio  Pellico.  As  for  M.  Cousin's  tri- 
bute to  the  memory  of  the  Count  de  Santa 


398 


MiiOiUaneoui  Reviewi. 


[April, 


Rom,  it  is  one  of  the  most  moving  pio- 
tores  of  a  friendfihip  bom  in  adversity  we 
ever  read.  It  only  confirms  whatever  the 
public  has  heard  of  that  noble,  scrupulous, 
refined,  and  intensely  honourable  spirit, 
which  wanted  nothing  but  the  power  of  a 
longer  and  more  patient  endurance  of  its 
inevitable  lot,  and  which  seems  to  have 
anticipated  the  stroke  of  death  by  seeking 
it  in  an  obscure  skirmish,  from  whence  no 
record  of  its  fate  has  ever  transpired. 

The  Wiltshire  ArehcBOlogieal  and  Naiu- 
ral  Hiitory  Magazine,  publithed  under 
the  direation  qf  the  Society  formed  in 
that  county.  A.D.  1853.  No.  I.  8vo,— 
Except  as  a  record  of  the  formation  and 
constitution  of  the  Wiltshire  Society,  we 
do  not  find  the  contents  of  this  First 
Number  very  substantial.  The  rules  of 
the  Society  and  its  list  of  members  are 
followed  by  a  report  of  the  inaugural 
meeting  (of  which  we  gave  a  full  account 
in  our  Magazine  for  November  last),  in- 
cluding the  excellent  addresses  of  Mr. 
Poulet  Scrope,  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Jackson, 
and  Mr.  Brittou,  and  a  paper  on  the 
Ornithology  of  the  County,  by  the  Rev. 
A.  C.  Smith,  Next  follows  a  series  of 
Queries,  relating  to  the  archaeology,  to- 
pograpby,  and  natural  history  of  Wiltshire. 
Some  collections  on  certain  ancient  Wilt- 
shire Customs,  made  by  Mr.  F.  A.  Car- 
rington,  relate  to — 1.  The  Cucking  Stool, 
illustrated  by  representations  of  one  at 
Wotton  Basset  in  1668,  and  another  at 
Worthing  (we  presume  in  Sussex);  2. 
Mummers;  3.  Harvest  Home;  4.  The 
Wooset  (a  popular  punishment  for  conjugal 
infidelity) ;  and  5.  Dog-rappers,  which  were 
weapons  for  driving  dogs  out  of  churches. 
This  paper  is,  on  the  whole,  rather  difi'use 
and  amusing,  than  complete:  it  travels 
far  out  of  the  county,  without  gathering 
what  has  been  elsewhere  publibhed  on  the 
game  subjects.  Next  succeed  some  ejr- 
tracte  from  a  Book  of  Church  Goods  in 
Wiltshire  in  1553  ;  but  of  such  a  document 
as  this,  a  County  Society  should  give  the 
whole,  either  in  full  or  in  abstract.  Lastly 
oomes  a  short  paper  entitled  **  A  few  words 
to  Wiltshire  Entomologists  "  by  the  Rev. 
W.  C.  Lukis.  On  the  whole,  this  pro- 
duction wears  the  appearance  rather  of 
talk  than  performance.  The  object  of 
contributors  should  be,  not  so  much  to 
afford  passing  smusement,  as  to  complete 
any  subjects  they  undertake,  and  to  exhaust 
them  to  their  power.  Let  them  emulate, 
also,  the  zeal  and  industry  of  the  Sussex 
Society  in  digging  into  the  public  records. 
We  fear  the  title  "  magasine  *' — as  gene- 
rally accepted  in  these  degenerate  days — 
rather  harmoniaes  with  the  idea  of  play 
thtM  emmeat.    However  that  may  be,  we 


shall  hope  to  find  some  more  efficieat 
contribution  to  Wiltshire  hiatory  in  the 
next  issue  of  the  Society's  Transactiooi : 
in  wbioh  case  we  would  suggest  that  a 
higher  price  than  eighteen  pence  might  be 
allowable,  particularly  as  members  of  the 
Society  will  receive  its  publications  gra- 
tuitously. An  excessively  low  price  ia 
likely  to  lead  to  the  production  of  a  work 
of  inferior  quality. 

Hieteryqfthe  Origin  of  Repreeentati»€ 
Government  in  Europe.  By  M.  Guizot, 
Translated  by  A.  R.  Scoble.  Pott  See. 
pp.  XX.  538.  {^Bohn*9  Standard  Library). 
— Strictly  speaking  this  is  not  a  history, 
but  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  history  of 
representative  government.  They  were 
principally  delivered  in  1820-22,  and  in 
their  present  form  contain  the  author'i 
revisions.  They  relate  to  England,  France, 
and  Spain,  but  the  English  portion  vir- 
tually ends  with  Henry  VIL,  a  few  lines 
only  being  devoted  to  the  remainder  of 
the  subject.  Thus  it  is  the  antiquaries 
history  of  parliaments  that  is  chiefly  treated 
of,  and  for  the  subsequent  period  the 
reader  must  have  recourse  to  Townsend, 
and  similar  writers.  The  translator  of 
Michelet^s  Modern  History  has  said  of 
another  work  of  M.  Guizot's  (the  History 
of  Civilisation)  that  it  is  '*  philosophy 
without  fact.*'  The  present  volume  is 
not  equally  liable  to  that  objection,  bat 
history  delivered  in  the  form  of  lectures 
cannot  entirely  escape  it.  Many  readers, 
however,  will  be  anxious  to  learn  what  en 
eminent  statesman  and  senator  has  aaid 
on  the  subject  of  parliaments.  Nor  is  it 
too  much  to  say,  that  every  person  who 
prides  himself  on  the  exercise  of  the 
suffrage  should  know  something  of  its 
history,  which  he  will  here  find  described 
by  an  able  hand.  There  is  a  smaller  Freneh 
work  on  the  subject,  which  has  never  beea 
translated  to  our  knowledge,  entitled 
'*  Etudes  Historiques  et  Politiques  sur  lee 
A8sembl(*es  Representatives,"  by  M.  Bodin 
the  younger,  Paris,  1823,  ISmo.*  Previous 
to  publication  it  was  read  at  the  Athen^e 
Royal.  The  English  portion  of  the  work 
ends  with  Leicester's  Parliament,  and  the 
French  one  with  Philip  de  Valois.  A  coo- 
tinuation  was  intimated,  but  whether  it 
appeared  we  are  unable  to  say. 

Geological  Bscurtione  round  the  Itle  ^ 
Wight.  By  G.  A.  Mantell,  LL.D.  Sfc. 
'Srd  Edition. — There  are  few  more  interest- 
ing  and  instructive  localities  for  the  geo- 
logical student  than  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
It  presents  a  complete  series  of  the  chalk 

*  It  was  briefly  noticed  in  Gent  Meg. 
Jan.  1835,  p.  53. 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


399 


formations  of  the  south  of  England,  with 
the  underlying  and  overlying  wealden  and 
eviene  beds,  exposed  under  the  greatest 
variety  of  circumstances,  and  affords,  in 
the  romantic  sea  and  land  cliffs  which  con- 
stitute the  chief  feature  of  the  picturesque 
beauty  of  the  island,  an  endless  variety  of 
sections  in  which  their  structure  may  be 
readily  examined.     From  these  also  may 
be  obtained  an  abundant  supply  of  fossil 
remains   in   excellent   preservation.     The 
beauty  of  its  scenery,  its  ready  accessibility 
from  the  metropolis,  and  the  agreeableness 
of  the  climate,  render  the  Isle  of  Wight  a 
favourite  resort.     Dr.  Mantell's  "  Excur- 
sions "  will  be  found  a  pleasant  and  in- 
structive hand-book  for  visitors.     We  ob- 
serve that  it  is  in  its  third  edition,  and  is 
l)ublished  as  one  of  Mr.  Bohn's  well-known 
and  excellent  series  of  popular  scientific 
works.     We  may  hope,  therefoie,  that  the 
neglect  of  the  geology  of  the  island  la- 
mented by  the  author  in  the  preface  to  the 
first  edition  has  ceased,  and  is  being  re- 
placed  by   an    interest   which   will   tend 
equally  to  the  advancement  of  science  and 
the  gratification  and   instruction   of  the 
visitors  themselves. 


Novels  and  Tales  by  Gothe.      Trans- 
lated   chiefly    by   R.    D.   Boylan,    Esq. 
(Bohn's  series.)— The  first  of  these  trans- 
lations, "  Elective  Affinities,"' is  announced 
in  the  preface  as  being  contributed  by  "  a 
gentleman  well-known  in  the  literary  world, 
who  does  not  wish  his  name  to  appear." 
As  a  translation,  it  may  rank  among  the 
chef-d'oeuvres  of  our  time.     As  to  the  de- 
sirableness of  making  the  great  German 
more  familiarly  known  to  English  every- 
day readers,   through  the  translation   of 
such  a  work,  we  care  little  to  discuss  it. 
It  will  do  no  harm,  we  believe,  and  it  is 
every  way  better  that  a  man  should  not  be 
a  myth,  but  a  plain  reality,  when  he  has 
left  abundant  materials  for  showing  him- 
self as  he  was  or  is.     The  construction  of 
the  story,  its  utter  absurdity  and  ridicu- 
lous moral  or  immoral  puzzles,  render  it 
unlikely  to  seduce  any  one  from  the  plain 
paths  of  duty  and  of  ordinary  good-sense. 
It  is  not  Giithe,  not  any  one  in  short  of 
the  German  novel  writers  we  know,  how- 
ever wrong  we  may  think  them,  that  will 
do   any    harm    in    England.      It   is   the 
Eugene  Sues,  the    Georges    Sands,    that 
breathe  a  poisoned  breath  over  our  moral 
atmosphere,  and  that  not  because  of  their 
indelicacies,  but  because  of  their  deliberate 
and  powerful  attacks  upon  all  social  insti- 
tutions ;    because  they  heartlessly  knock 
aside  the  crutch  upon  which  the  cripple 
leans,  without  doing  any  thing  which  can 
enable  him  to  go  without  it. 


Lyra  Australia  t  or,  AUempU  to  Sing 
in  a  Strange  Land,  By  Caroline  W^ 
Leakey. —Australia  is  in  many  respeets 
an  exceedingly  queer  place.  Salt-water 
fish  inhabit  its  rivers  ;  some  of  its  best 
looking  fruit  is  made  of  wood,  having  at 
least  its  hardness,  and  the  cherries  there 
grow  with  their  stones  not  on  the  in  bat 
on  the  otf^-side.  It  is  the  last  place  in 
the  world  where  we  should  have  yet  ex- 
pected to  have  fallen  in  with  a  poet  or 
poetess.  A  sterile  place,  first  sown  broad- 
cast with  felons  and  afterwards  occupied 
by  struggling  men  essaying  to  become 
rich,  and  having  no  other  object  in  the 
world,  is  but  an  unpromising  locality  for 
the  minstrel.  But  the  truth  appears  to 
be  that  these  generalities  will  no  longer 
apply  to  the  wide  continent  at  the  anti- 
podes. Woman,  the  great  civilizer,  has 
established  a  home  there,  and  the  sisters 
of  song  are  not  mute  amid  sounds  of  daily 
care  and  strife,  success  and  failure.  The 
echoes  of  the  Australian  harp  have  reached 
England,  at  last,  and  they  tend  to  prove 
that  a  well-qualified  bird  can  sing  at  all 
times  and  in  all  places,  now  in  the  sun 
and  anon  in  the  shade.  In  the  pretty 
volume  before  us  we  have  mournful  mea- 
sures illustrative  of  the  shadows  of  Death, 
more  cheerful  strains  brightening  with 
hope,  metrical  tales  which  easily  win  the 
ear,  and  miscellaneous  poems  wherein 
mirth  alternates  with  sadness.  We  add 
one  sample  from  the  lady's  measure,  add^ 
ing  that  it  rather  suits  oar  space  than 
does  justice  to  her  merits. 

A  Calm  at  Sea. 
And  we  upon  tiic  boundless  lake  alone  1 
The  still  air  girt  aa  with  a  sapphire  zone  ; 
Above  a  field  of  ardentness— the  hue 
The  sailor  loves  to  call  his  own,  true  blue  i 
Tlic  sea,  entranc'd  as  'twere  by  some  pure  tbou^t, 
In  silent  gazing  up,  from  heaven  had  eaught 
A  deeper  dye  of  loveliness  and  grace, 
A  thousand  quiet  smiles  upon  its  Cue ; 

Until  almost  wearied  we 

Of  the  sweet  monotony. 
Did  wish  some  spirit  would  arou&e 
llie  slumbrous  ocean  from  repose, 
So  calm,  so  like  the  hush  of  mighty  Death, 
When  he  hath  stayed  the  last  faint  struggling 

breath, 
And  left,  where  erst  was  warm  vitality, 
A  cold  but  beautiful  mortality. 

The  Band  of  Hope  Review ^  and  CMld' 
ren*s  Friend,  1853. — ^The  second  year  of 
a  monthly  paper,  (its  price  one  half* 
penny,)  designed  "  to  train  up  the  young 
in  Temperance  and  Peace  principles,— in 
obedience  to  parents, — the  observance  of 
the  Sabbath, — the  practice  of  kindness  to 
animals, — and,  above  all,  a  lote  for  the 
Sacred  Scriptures."  These  are  eicellent 
objects ;  and  they  are  urged  tn  a  great 


400 


Antif/uai'ian  Researches. 


[April, 


variety  of  shapes,  illustrated  by  numerous 
cuts,  the  greater  part  of  which  are  cleTerly 
designed  by  Mr.  H.  Anelay. 

The  Field  and  the  Fold,  By  the  Rev,  E. 
Sidney,  ii.lf.  iSmo,  pp.  192.  (Monthly 
Volume,  No.  98.)— This  is  "  A  popular 
Exposition  of  the  Science  of  Agriculture.'* 
The  author,  who  is  well  known  as  the 
biographer  of  his  relatives,  the  Hills,  has 
published  a  volume  in  this  series  entitled, 
*'  Blights  of  the  Wheat.''  Copious  as  is 
the  practical  information  contained  in  this 
little  book,  it  is  rendered  still  more  inte- 


resting by  the  introduction  of  historical 
and  literary  matter.  Even  to  non-agri- 
culturists it  will  have  its  use,  for  a  peruinl 
of  it  will  save  them  from  the  embarrast- 
ment  of  appearing  ignorant  when  such  sub- 
jects are  discussed.  A  person  who  limits 
his  library  to  what  he  hais  regular  occasion 
for,  will  often  find  himself  at  a  loss  wbea 
he  is  suddenly  drawn  beyond  his  ordinary 
track.  A  sentence  in  the  '* Contents'' 
of  chap.  iii.  *'  Extent  of  knowledge  need- 
ful,'' comes  so  appropriately  to  hand,  that 
we  may  commend  it  to  the  reader  as  an 
axiom  of  the  highest  importance. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

Feb.  23.  Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Presi- 
dent. 

Mr.  Thomas  Battam,  artist,  of  Stoke- 
upon-Trent,  Mr.  John  Timbs,  editor  of 
the  Illustrated  London  News,  and  Mr. 
Robert  Cradock  Nichols,  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society. 

Joseph  Mayer,  esq.  F.S.A.  of  Liver- 
pool, exhibited  about  sixty  examples  of 
personal  ornaments,  forming  a  portion  of 
the  much-talked  of  Faussett  Collection  of 
Anglo-Saxon  Antiquities,  of  which  he  has 
just  become  the  proprietor.  Among 
these  was  the  very  large  circular  fibula  of 
filigree  gold  and  vitrified  pastes,  which 
is  delineated  in  the  Nenia  Britannica  of 
Douglas. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  CoUingwood  Bruce  read 
an  account  of  the  excavations  made  last 
summer  at  Housesteads  Milecastle  (Bor- 
covicus),  on  the  line  of  the  Roman  Wall 
(of  which  we  have  already  given  some 
notice  in  our  magazine  for  December,  p. 
617).  Dr.  Bruce  expressed  his  opinion  that 
the  casiella  on  the  Wall  were  not  roofed, 
and  he  illustrated  their  character  from 
some  of  the  bas-reliefs  on  Tngan's  Column. 
He  explained  that  the  great  Wall  was 
evidently  not  so  much  a  barrier  to  resist 
attack,  as  a  line  of  fortresses  to  command 
the  country.  This  is  shown  by  the  prin- 
cipal gates  opening  on  the  NorUiern  side : 
but  it  appears  that  at  a  subsequent  period 
they  were  much  contracted  in  their  di- 
mensions. This  seems  to  indicate  a 
period  when  the  barbarians  had  become 
more  formidable.  At  Housesteads  the 
Northern  gate  was  reduced  to  less  than 
one  half,  and  the  threshold  raised  more 
than  three  feet  (see  December,  p.  618). 
An  interesting  discovery  has  recently  been 
made  in  the  vicinity  of  Housesteads.  A 
circular  ruin  near  the  camp,  but  on  the 
o 


enemy's  side  of  the  wall,  has  been  pro- 
nounced to  have  been  an  amphitheatre. 
Such  structures  have  been  found  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  other  Roman  stations  in 
Britain,  and  on  Trajan's  Column  two  snch 
buildings  occur  in  the  representatioo  of 
that  emperor's  campaign  against  the 
Dacians. 

March  2.     J.  P.  Collier,  esq.  V.P. 

John  More  Molyneux,  esq.  of  Losdej 
Park,  Surrey,  Robert  Ferguson,  LL.D.  dT 
Ryde,  the  Rev.  John  Richardsoti  Major, 
M.A.  and  Sir  Robert  Burdett,  Bart,  were 
elected  Fellows. 

Lord  Londesborough  exhibited  two  very 
fine  enamelled  plaques,  accompanied  by  a 
letter  from  Mr.  Fairholt.  Nothing  k 
known  of  their  history;  but  they  appear  to 
have  been  portions  of  an  altar-piece.  The 
figures  of  David  and  Solomon,  of  hem- 
mered  copper  gilt,  are  affixed  to  these  por- 
tions by  copper  pins,  and  each  has  the  name 
of  the  personage  represented,  with  the  ad- 
dition pp.  for  propheta.  They  are  sup- 
posed to  be  the  work  of  the  thirteenth 
century. 

Mr.  O'Neill  exhibited  several  mbbingt 
of  Irish  crosses,  two  from  the  county 
Kilkenny,  two  from  the.  county  Lovtb, 
and  the  rest  from  Tlpperary. 

Messrs.  Warner  exhibited  by  the  bands 
of  Charles  Reed,  esq.  a  celt  mould,  and 
some  purse  clasps  of  the  mediaval  period. 

Mr.  Bruce,  'Treasurer,  exhibited  a  fine 
and  curious  specimen  of  the  old  English 
sack  pottle.  It  is  stamped  <*  Seek  1641,^ 
One  that  has  been  engraved  in  HalliweU't 
Shakspere  is  similarlv  marked  "Sack 
1650,"  and  a  third  in  Marryatt's  HirtOTy 
of  Pottery,  '«  Sack  1 659."  A  photograph 
of  this  object  was  presented  by  Dr.  Dia- 
mond. 

Mr.  Edward  Phillips,  of  Corentry,  ex* 
hibited  serer^l  cnrions  eaLsmpJet  of  pil* 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


401 


grims*  signs  in  lead ;  some  coins  ;  and  a 
cast  in  copper  of  the  silver  medal  struck 
by  the  Dutch  on  the  execution  of  Charles 
the  First.  They  were  found,  together 
with  a  dagger,  in  the  Sherborne  river  at 
Coventry. 

Mr.  Collier,  V.P.  read  a  memoir,  en- 
titled "Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  Sir  Francis 
Vere,"  in  continuation  of  his  former  com- 
munications regarding  the  life  and  career 
of  Raleigh.  The  chief  point  which  was 
now  illustrated  with  regard  to  that  states- 
man was  to  prove  that  he  possessed  the 
monopoly  of  granting  licences  for  selling 
wines  anterior  to  the  date  of  the  defeat  of 
the  Spanish  Armada :  on  which  occasion 
Mr.  Tytler  and  other  biographers  had 
stated  that  it  was  conferred  upon  him. 
The  documents  adduced  show  that  he  was 
necociating  a  renewal  of  the  patent  in 
1587.  With  regard  to  Sir  Francis  Vere, 
after  citing  some  passages  of  his  Com- 
mentaries relative  to  Raleigh,  Mr.  Collier 
introduced  a  narrative  of  an  attempt  which 
was  made  by  the  young  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland to  call  the  veteran  to  account  for 
having  spoken  slightingly  and  jeeringly  of 
youthful  lords. 

March  9.  John  Bruce,  esq.  Treas.  in 
the  chair. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo  exhibited  a 
bronze  armiUa,  said  to  have  been  found  in 
the  Thames  near  Fleet  Ditch. 

The  conclusion  of  Mr.  H.  H.  Breen's 
*^  Memoir  on  the  Caribs,  or  Aboriginal 
Inhabitants  of  the  Lesser  Antilles,"  was 
then  read.  The  writer  maintains  that 
there  is  no  foundation  for  the  charge  of 
cannibalism  brought  by  Europeans  against 
the  Cai  ibs,  and  considers  it  a  story  in- 
vented as  an  excuse  for  the  cruelty  exer- 
cised against  that  very  interesting  and 
now  extinct  race.  The  Caribs  had  also 
been  represented  as  being  insensible  to 
the  passion  of  love  ;  a  charge  which  Mr. 
Brien  considers  equally  unfounded,  and 
negatived  by  the  melancholy  temperament 
of  these  people. 

Frederic  Ouvry,  esq.  F.S.A.  communi- 
cated an  account  of  the  discovery  of  some 
remains  of  the  Anglo*  Saxon  period  at 
Mentmore,  in  Buckinghamshire,  during 
excavations  for  a  mansion  now  building  by 
the  Baron  M.  A.  de  Rothschild.  Several 
interments  have  been  brought  to  light, 
and  with  some  of  the  skeletons  has  been 
discovered  that  distinctive  accompaniment 
of  Anglo-Saxon  burial,  the  iron  knife. 
The  ground  had  been  previously  used 
either  by  the  Romans  or  by  a  tribe  ob- 
serving the  practice  of  cremation,  as  shown 
by  many  traces  of  ashes.  A  coin  of 
Constans  also  occurred.  Mr.  Ouvry  ex- 
hibited several  objects  found  at  Mentmore, 
among  which  were  a  circular  fibula  very 

Grnt.  Mao.  Vol,  XLI. 


closely  resembling  a  specimen  found  by 
Mr.  Wylie  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  graves  at 
Fairford  in  Gloucestershire ;  a  bronze  spur 
assigned  to  the  thirteenth  century ;  and 
an  iron  instrument,  conjectured  to  have 
been  used  to  prevent  the  wearer  from 
slipping  when  jousting  on  foot.  He  also 
exhibited  a  fragment  of  a  fine  ancient 
British  urn,  found  with  a  skeleton  at 
Linchlade  in  the  same  neighbourhood;  and 
he  stated  that  in  the  adjoining  parish  of 
Wing  some  Saxon  interments  were  abo 
disturbed  in  digging  the  foundations  of 
the  schools. 

March  16.    J.  ?.  Collier,  esq.  V.P. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
Fellows :  the  Rev.  Duncan  Campbell,  M.  A. 
Rector  of  Pentiidge  and  Cranbome,  Dor- 
set; Henry  Harrod,  esq.  solicitor,  Nor- 
wich ;  John  Winter  Jones,  esq.  Assistant 
Keeper  of  the  Printed  Books  in  the 
British  Museum;  and  George  Grenville 
Pigott,  esq.  of  Doddershall  Park,  Bucks. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis,  Director,  exhibited  a 
cast  from  the  first  Great  Seal  of  Charles 
II.  bearing  the  date  1653  on  both  sides. 
The  original  is  attached  to  a  general  Par- 
don dated  7  Jan.  1660-1,  granted  to 
William  Meredith,  esq.  of  Leeds  Abbey, 
Kent.  Sandford  has  given  an  outline  en- 
graving of  this  seal. 

Henry  Chisholm,  esq.  presented  an  im- 
pression of  the  ancient  seal  of  the  Cham- 
berlains of  the  Exchequer.  It  is  of  silver, 
about  the  size  of  a  half-crown,  and  bears 
the  full-faced  head  of  the  King,  placed 
between  two  keys,  and  beneath  it  a  lion 
passant.     The  legend  is  l^tguUtt'  tfRtH 

rerepte  scarrarii  rrgt0  in  anglto.     It  is 

probably  of  the  reign  of  Edward  I. 
This  seal,  which  is  now  in  the  custody 
of  Lord  Monteagle,  the  Auditor  of  the 
Exchequer,  is  still  used  for  sealing  war- 
rants for  legalising  weights  and  mea- 
sures. 

A  paper  entitled  *^  Notices  of  the  last 
days  of  Isabella  Queen  of  Edward  the 
Second,  drawn  from  an  account  of  the  ex- 
penses of  her  Household,''  by  Edward  A. 
Bond,  Egerton  librarian  in  the  depart- 
ment of  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  was 
then  read. 

March  23.  Sir  R.  H.  Inglis,  Bart.  V.P. 

A  letter  having  been  read  from  the 
Treasurer,  announcing  his  resignation  of 
the  office,  it  was  moved  by  Edward  Haw- 
kins, esq.  and  seconded  by  Wm.  Durrant 
Cooper,  esq.  *•  That  the  Society  concur 
with  the  Council  in  expressing  their  re- 
gret at  the  loss  which  they  have  severally 
experienced  by  the  retirement  of  John 
Bruce,  esq.  from  the  office  of  Treasurer ; 
and  that  they  desire  to  acknowledge  with 
their  best  thanks  the  eminent  services 
which  he  has  rendered  to  the  Society  in 

3P 


402 


Antiquarian  Reiearehe$. 


[April, 


the  discharge  of  the  duties  which  hare 
been  confided  to  him." 

Sir  Walter  Calverley  Trevelynn,  Bart, 
and  Richard  Redmond  Caton,  esq.  of 
Vwk  Hill,  Shropshire,  were  elected  Fel- 
lows of  the  Society. 

John  Erans,  esq.  F.S.A.  communicated 
an  account  of  the  Marriage  Expenses  of 
the  daughter  of  Sir  William  More,  of 
Loseley,  in  the  year  1567,  transcribed 
from  one  of  the  unpublished  Loseley  MSS. 

The  Secretary  then  read  a  translation 
of  a  communication  from  M.  Frederic 
Troyon,  of  Bel  Air,  descriptiye  of  an  arti- 
ficial hill  called  la  Motte  du  Chfttelard,  at 
Cha?annes,  on  the  river  Veyron.  This 
hill,  which  was  surrounded  by  two  con- 
centric ditches,  has  been  recently  removed, 
and  was  found  to  ha?c  been  formed  of 
alternate  beds  of  clayey  earth  mixed  with 
flints,  and  of  charcoal  and  cinders.  The 
latter  contained  a  large  quantity  of  the 
bones  of  animals  of  all  kinds,  but  no  hu- 
man bones  or  cinerary  urns.  The  conclu- 
iion  is  that  this  mound  was  a  sacrificial 
altar ;  and  M.  Troyon  cited  some  similar 
monuments  of  ancient  idolatry  that  ha?e 
been  obsenred  in  Russia  and  in  yariouif 
parts  of  Germany.  They  answer  to  the 
description  given  by  Pausanias  of  the  altar 
of  the  Olympian  Jupiter. 

80CIBTT  OF  ANTiaUARIES  OP  NEW- 
CA.8TLE-UP0N-TYNE. 

Fib,  6.  The  41  St  anniversary  of  this 
Society  was  held,  John  Hodgson  Hinde, 
esq.  V.P.  in  the  chair. 

The  report  of  the  Council  announced 
the  completion  of  the  third  part  of  the 
fourth  volume  of  the  Society's  Transac- 
tions ;  and  that  the  concluding  part  of  that 
volume  would  be  printed  this  year.  It 
will  contain  some  valuable  transcripts  from 
the  public  records  relating  to  Northumber- 
land and  to  the  Castle.  Much  progress 
hat  been  made  in  the  preparation  of  the 
Catalogue  of  Roman  Antiquities.  The 
sculptures,  altars,  and  inscriptions  have 
been  examined  and  numbered  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Bruce,  and  it  is  proposed  that  the 
Catalogue,  which  will  appear  during  the 
summer,  shall  be  illustrated  with  wood- 
eogravings. 

Mr.  Clayton  submitted  an  inscription, 
recently  found  a  few  yards  from  the  House- 
steads  mile-castle,  Dio  Coeidio  Vabriui 
V»  8,  L,  M.  This  is  the  second  inscrip- 
tion to  the  British  Mara  that  has  been 
found  in  Northumberland. 

Mr.  Adamson  laid  before  the  meeting  a 
catalogue  he  had  prepared  of  the  North- 
umbrian Stycas,  in  the  possession  of  the 
Society  {  and  another  of  their  collection  of 
Tradesmen's  Tokens. 

fistrtcts  were  read  from  several  Iiiq«U 


sitions  of  Proofs  of  Age,  piMerved  in  the 
Tower  of  London,  relative  to  North- 
umbrian families,  fh>m  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward  III.  to  that  of  Ridiardll. 

Mr.  Robert  Brown,  of  Sunderland,  com- 
municated **  an  Inquiry  into  the  origin  of 
the  name  Sunderland,  and  as  to  the  birth- 
place of  Venerable  Bede."  The  passage 
of  Bede's  Ecclesiastical  History  in  which 
he  speaks  of  himself  "  qui  natus  in  ferri" 
torio  ejusdem  monasterii*'  (Jarrow),  are 
translated  by  King  Alfred  as  "  Sunderland 
of  the  monastery."  After  an  elabora^ 
investigation,  Mr.  Brown  arriv^  at  tne 
conclusion  that  the  name  of  Sunderiand 
was  applied  exclusively  to  that  part  of 
Wearmouth  which  was  itmdered  by  the 
river  Wear  from  the  actual  estate  of  the 
monastery,  and  upon  which  a  town  of 
artificers  and  others  was  formed  at  an 
early  period,  probably  in  the  seventh  cen- 
tury. It  is  remarkable  that  Webster  In 
his  Anglo-American  Dictionary  still  deilnei 
the  English  word  ''territory"  in  this 
sense :  *'  A  tract  of  land  belonging  to  and 
under  the  dominion  of  a  prince  or  state, 
lying  at  a  distance  from  the  parent  country 
or  from  the  seat  of  government ;  as,  tiie 
territories  of  British  India,  the  territories 
of  the  United  States,  the  territory  of  Mi- 
chigan, the  North-West  territory  :"  add- 
ing, with  reference  to  the  latter  examples : 
'*  These  districts  of  country,  when  received 
into  the  Union  and  acknowledged  to  be 
States,  lose  the  appellation  of  Territory." 
Whilst  Monk -Wearmouth  and  Bishop- 
Wearmouth  belonged  to  the  Monks  and 
the  Bishop  respectively,  Sunderland-by- 
the-Sea  was  all  ancient  freehold. 

Mr.  Caley,  of  Gateshead,  exhibited  t 
fforgeous  daJmatic,  supposed  to  be  four 
hundred  years  old ;  and  a  stole,  of  ttUl 
higher  antiquity ;  and  also  a  "  Jacobite 
garter,''  several  yards  in  length,  and  worked 
with  this  inscription  :— 

Come  lett  us  with  one  heart  agree 
To  pray  that  God  may  bless  P.  C. 

The  members  then  proceeded  to  the  an- 
nual election,  which  resulted  as  follows  t— 
The  Duke  of  Northumberland,  Patron } 
Sir  John  Edward  Swin)>ame,  Bart.  P.8.A. 
President;  Sir  C.  M.  L.  Monck,  Bert. 
Mr.  Hodgson  Hinde,  and  the  Hon*  H. 
T.  Liddell,  M.P.,  Vice- Presidents ;  Mr. 
Adamson,  F.L.S.  &c.  and  Dr.  Chariton, 
Secretaries;  Mr.  Adamson,  Treasnrerf 
Rev.  E.  H.  Adamson,  Dr.  Brvoe,  *«nd 
Messrs.  Tliomas  Bell,  John  Clayton,  John 
Dobson,  John  Fenwick,  William  Kell, 
H.  G.  Potter,  G.  B.  Richardson,  B.  Spoor, 
M.  Wheatley,  and  Robert  White,  ConncU. 

Marekl.  Mr.  G.  Bourehier  Richardioii 
read  a  paper  on  Sir  John  Marky  and  Me 
Detoendants.    Deioended  from  an  andint 


1864.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


408 


family  in  the  North,  Sir  John  Marlaj  was 
knighted  by  King  Charles  I.  in  1639,  and 
was  afterwards  Mayor  of  Newcastle  when 
that  town  was  besieged  by  the  Scots  in 
1644.  On  their  triumph  he  was  severely 
persecuted  as  a  delinquent,  and  on  the 
23d  June,  1645,  was  committed  to  the 
Tower  "  for  high  treason,  and  for  levying 
actual  war  against  the  King  and  Parlia- 
ment.'' At  the  Restoration  he  resumed 
his  post  as  a  magistrate  in  Newcastle,  was 
sent  to  represent  the  borough  in  Parlia- 
ment, and  was  progenitor  of  a  family  which 
for  some  generations  maintained  its  im- 
portance. Through  one  of  his  sons  he  was 
ancestor  of  a  Chief  Justice  of  Ireland,  a 
Bishop  of  Clonfert,  and  the  great  Irish 
orator  and  statesman  Henry  Grattan. 

Mr.  Hodgson  Hinde  presented  to  the 
Society  an  exact  transcript  from  the  Red 
Book  of  the  Exchequer,  compiled  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  III.  of  the  rents  payable 
from  certain  baronies  in  Northumberland 
for  the  ward  or  defence  of  the  Castle. 


BRITISH  ARCHiEOLOOlCAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Feb.  22.  S.  R.  Solly,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A., 
V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  exhibited  a  fine 
stone  celt  found  in  the  bed  of  the  Thames 
in  October  last.  It  belonged  to  the  second 
division  of  Mr.  Hugo's  arrangements  of 
those  implements  as  given  in  the  Joamal 
of  the  Association.  Mr.  Gunston  laid  upon 
the  table  some  specimens  of  encaustic  tiles, 
the  most  ancient  of  which  was  from  Dor- 
chester Abbey,  Oxon,  and  the  latest  from 
St.  Bartholomew's,  Smithfield.  Mr.  C. 
Elliott  exhibited  a  remarkably  fine  Roman 
vase,  containing  the  remains  of  an  entire 
body  after  cremation.  It  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Spurgen  of  Nor- 
wich, and  he  obtained  it  from  Caistor, 
Norfolk.  Mr.  Elliott  also  exhibited  a 
Roman  terra-cotta  lamp,  in  the  centre  of 
which  a  gladiator  is  depicted.  Mr.  Petrie 
produced  a  large  collection  of  keys,  spoons, 
shears,  a  short  sword,  knives,  &c.  obtained 
during  the  past  year  whilst  forming  the 
new  sewers  at  Greenwich.  They  were,  as 
might  be  expected,  of  different  periods, 
and  among  them  were  five  fine  specimens 
of  keys  belonging  to  the  fifteenth  century, 
and  a  pewter  spoon  of  the  time  of  Eliza- 
beth. The  sword  was  considered  to  be 
also  of  that  period. 

Mr.  Scott  exhibited  two  drawings  he  had 
just  made  of  two  sepulchral  slabs  lately 
discovered  in  the  city,  on  the  site  of  the 
Church  of  St.  Benetfink,  Threadneedle 
Street.  One  of  these,  obtained  at  a  depth 
of  10  feet,  was  taken  out  of  the  old  foun- 
dation walls,  the  design  upon  it  being  a 
shaft  supporting  a  circle  (most  probably  a 


cross),  together  with  an  interlaced  orna- 
ment not  unfrequently  seen  on  8axon  or 
early  Norman  sculptures.  A  slab  resem- 
bling this  is  engraved  in  the  xviith  vol.  of 
the  Archnologia,  and  was  found  at  Cam- 
bridge in  1810.  The  other  slab  was  dis- 
covered 30  feet  on  the  south  side  of  the 
church,  and  at  a  depth  of  15  feet  from  the 
surface.  This  had  a  raised  trefoil-headed 
cross,  and  the  remains  of  an  inscription, 
which  was  read  thus :  [Of  yonr  charitie] 
for  the  soul  of  William  Bron  pray  a  pater- 
noster. 

Mr.  H.  Syer  Cuming  read  the  first  of  a 
series  of  paper  illustrative  of  stone  imple- 
ments, and  exhibited  a  large  and  fine  col- 
lection of  specimens  of  the  axe,  the  adse, 
and  hammer,  to  which  the  statements  in 
the  present  paper  were  confined.  He 
pointed  out  the  importance  of  carefully 
studying  the  works  of  savage  nations  who 
still  retain  the  use  of  stone  instruments, 
with  a  view  to  the  better  understanding  of 
the  lithic  relics  discovered  in  the  BritaBnlc 
islands ;  suggesting  that  in  the  .islands  of 
the  Pacific  ocean  may  still  be  found  a 
refiex  of  the  habits  and  mode  of  life  of  our 
own  rude  ancestors.  Mr.  Cuming  de- 
scribed in  detail  the  more  simple  form  of 
the  axe  or  celt,  making  a  distinction  be- 
tween it  and  the  adze,  which  had  been 
overlooked  by  antiquaries,  and  he  enume- 
rated the  different  kinds  of  mauls,  az^ 
hammers,  and  axes  with  perforations  for 
handles,  and  closed  his  examination  of  the 
European  division  by  condemning  the 
theory  of  Thorlacius,  who  contended  that 
these  things  were  mere  emblems  of  the 
power  of  Thor,  the  mighty  Thunder-god 
of  the  North.  Having  alluded  to  the 
asserted  discovery  of  stone  implements  in 
India,  Mr.  Cuming  proceeded  to  view  the 
specimens  obtained  from  the  sepulchral 
mounds  of  North  America.  The  axes, 
adzes,  &c.  of  the  savages  of  the  Oceanie 
regions  were  also  dwelt  upon,  special  men- 
tion being  made  of  the  terrible  Meri  of 
the  New  Zealanders,  and  of  the  cnrionsly 
hafted  adzes  from  the  Hervey's  group. 

March  8.     Ralph  Bemal,  esq.  Pres. 

Mr.  Sadd  exhibited  a  Saxon  fibula  of  a 
circular  form,  and  also  an  enamelled  me* 
dieval  badge  found  at  Cambridge.  The 
form  of  the  badge,  which  has  a  ring  for 
suspension,  is  that  of  a  quatrefoil  inclosing 
a  square  in  which  on  a  bliy  ground  is  a 
lion  passant  regardant.  A  semi-fleur  de 
lis  dimidiated  per  i^s  appears  in  eadi 
semicircle,  the  ground  being  red;  the 
animal,  flowers,  and  bordering  lines  are 
black.  It  was  conjectured  to  be  of  the 
middle  of  the  sixteenth  century.  Mr. 
Brent  exhibited  a  leaden  token  found  be- 
tween Canterbury  and  Fordwich.  On  one 
side  wen  the  letters  t.  b.  and  on  the  other 


404 


Antiquarian  Renearches, 


[April, 


a  cross ;  it  appears  to  have  been  a  mer- 
chant's mark.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  laid 
before  the  meeting  five  arrow-heads  of 
flint  found  at  Clough,  co.  Antrim.  Mr. 
Wbichcord,  referring  to  the  paper  of  Mr. 
Cuming  read  at  the  preceding  meeting, 
produced  a  collection  of  antiquities  from 
New  Zealand  and  Terra  del  Fuego,  among 
which  were  an  elaborately-carved  toilets- 
box  of  some  coniferous  wood,  and  many 
weapons  of  war  and  state  in  bone,  wood, 
and  stoue.  Capt  Tupper  exhibited  a  fine 
paalstab,  obtained  from  Normandy;  and 
produced  also  an  elaborately-carved  lock 
found  at  Bridgewater.  Mr.  Bernal  assigned 
to  it  the  date  of  1480.  It  had  belonged 
to  a  chest. 

Mr.  Syer  Cnmiog  read  a  paper  on  the 
Meri,  weapons  used  by  the  natives  of  New 
Zealand,  and  exhibited  a  variety  of  speci- 
mens illustrative  of  his  remarks. 

Mr.  Gunston  produced  some  examples 
of  Roman  pottery  and  glass  obtained  last 
week  from  the  excavations  in  progress  on 
the  south  side  of  New  Cannon -street,  near 
the  site  of  Gerard's  Hall.  At  20  feet  from 
the  frontage  he  found  a  very  thick  wall  of 
Roman  construction,  composed  of  rubble, 
with  layers  of  red  and  yellow  tiles,  mea- 
suring SO  by  13  inches.  Near  this  a 
plaster  floor  of  lime,  sand,  and  broken 
brick  laid,  on  the  natural  bed  of  gravel. 
Here  and  there  were  mixed  with  the  earth 
fragments  of  aqnphorse,  ampullae,  mortaria, 
urns,  and  Samian  ware,  with  the  stamps 
MARTI  and  OF  .  8BVERI ;  also  a  small 
clay  lamp  and  several  flanged  tiles.  In 
the  west  corner  adjoining  St.  Mildred's 
Church  some  specimens  of  early  pottery 
were  also  found,  some  deeply  impressed 
with  finger  marks  made  while  inserting 
the  bottom  of  the  vessels.  There  were 
also  some  good  bits  of  glass.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Hugo  stated  that  recently  another 
name  had  been  added  to  the  list  of  potters. 
In  the  city  of  London  had  been  found  a 
specimen  of  Samian  ware  with  the  maker*s 
name,  notvs. 

Mr.  Pettigrew  called  the  attention  of  the 
Society  to  the  Roman  tessellated  pave- 
ment lately  discovered  iu  Broad  Street, 
and  remarked  its  inferiority  to  the  speci- 
mens at  Woodchester,  Bignor,  and  Ci- 
rencester. As  it  was  stated  that  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  intended  to  have  a 
drawing  of  it^  and  some  remarks  by  Mr. 
Tite,  he  had  not  directed  any  sketch  to  be 
taken,  as  it  will  doubtless  appear  in  the 
Archseologia. 

A  long  and  very  able  paper  by  the  Rev. 
Beale  Poste  was  then  read,  on  the  Sea 
Margins  of  Kent  and  the  formation  of 
levels  and  the  later  alluvial  tracts,  in  con- 
nexion with  historical  and  archaeological 
research,  as  also  inroads  of  the  sea  in 


various  parts  of  the  coast,  as  applying  to 
the  same  subject. 


NUMISMATIC  80CIBTT. 

Feb.  23.  G.  Sparkes,  esq.  communi- 
cated a  paper,  on  some  gold  coins  of  Sy- 
racuse. The  small  coins  which  bear  on  the 
obverse  the  head  of  Hercules,  and  on  the 
reverse  a  female  head  in  a  circle  (which  is 
itself  inclosed  in  an  indented  square),  and 
which  exhibit,  on  both  sides,  the  legend 
2TPA,  Mr.  Sparkes  believes  to  have  been 
the  earliest  gold  coins  struck  by  Syracuse, 
arguing  from  the  occurrence  of  the  same 
type  on  the  oldest  silver  specimens  of  the 
Syracusan  mint.  The  date  of  these  gold 
coins,  Mr.  Sparkes  infers,  must  have  been 
between  B.C.  405  and  B.C.  390,  because 
the  initial  letters  of  the  names  of  two  en- 
gravers, which  are  found  at  length  on  the 
silver  medallious  of  that  time,  have  been 
met  with  on  other  and  larger  gold  pieces 
which  are  (it  may  be  presumed  from  both 
type  and  fabric)  synchronous  with  these 
smaller  ones.  It  is,  indeed,  natural  to 
suppose  that  the  period  when  Dionysins 
had  enriched  Syracuse  with  the  plundered 
Naxos  and  other  important  cities  should 
have  been  the  time  for  the  issue  of  the 
first  gold  coinage.  Mr.  Sparkes  then  dis- 
cussed the  intricate  question  of  the  weight 
of  these  small  coins,  stating  it  to  be  his 
belief,  that  when  the  gold  was  first  coined 
the  object  was  to  make  it  correspond  with 
the  silver  in  value  rather  than  in  weight ; 
and  that^  assuming  (for  which  there  are 
good  grounds)  the  ratio  of  gold  to  silver  to 
have  been  as  1 1  to  1,  each  gold  coin  would 
have  been  just  equal  in  value  to  three  of 
the  silver  drachmas. 


CAMBBIDOB  ANTiaUARIAN  80CIBTY. 

March  6.  A  paper  was  read  '*  On  the 
Foss  or  Devirs  Ditch,  near  Brandon,  and 
that  near  S  waff  ham,  in  the  western  part 
of  the  county  of  Norfolk,''  by  Charles  C. 
Babington,  M.A.,  F.R.S.  The  aathor 
shewed  that  those  ancient  earth-works  are 
not  the  remains  of  a  British  road,  as  waa 
supposed  by  the  late  Mr.  Woodward  of 
Norwich  (Archseologia,  vol.  xxiiL),  nor 
of  a  Roman  road,  as  some  persons  have 
thought,  but  two  boundary  ditches,  Si- 
milar to  the  ditches  of  Cambridgeahiiv. 

The  same  member  mentioned  that  he 
had  lately  seen  a  portion  of  the  great  gravel 
road  formed  through  the  fens  bj  the  Ro« 
mans,  and  called  in  his  map  of  "  Ancieot 
Cambridgeshire  *'  the  Fbn  Road,  lliefe 
are  few  spots  in  which  this  road  can  now 
be  seen,  owing  to  the  great  quantity  of 
peat  that  has  formed  orer  it. 


1854.] 


Antiquainan  Researches. 


405 


KILKENNY  AND  SOUTH«EAST  OF  IRELAND 
ARCHiSOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

Jan.  18.  The  fifth  annual  meeting  of 
this  Society  was  held  at  Kilkenny,  Patrick 
Watters,  esq.  in  the  chair.  The  report 
announced  an  increase  of  113  members 
during  the  past  year,  and  20  were  elected 
at  this  meeting. 

Mr.  John  Dunne  of  Garryricken  com- 
municated some  interesting  notices  of  a 
travelling  bard  or  antiquary,  named  Wil- 
liam Meagher,  who  set  out  at  an  early  age 
from  the  flags  of  Coolaugh,  his  native 
place,  on  a  literary  excursion  through  the 
hospitable  counties  of  Munster ;  and  after 
an  absence  of  several  years  returned  home 
loaded,  both  externally  and  internally,  with 
all  the  ancient  lore  of  the  province.  He 
printed  his  collections  at  Carrick-on-Suir 
in  1816,  under  an  Irish  title,  which  trans- 
lated means,  "The  Garland  of  Honey 
Flowers,  culled  from  the  writings  of  the 
most  eminent  Bards  of  the  Kingdom.*' 

Edward  Hoare,  esq.  of  Cork,  commu- 
nicated a  paper  on  his  annular  brooch, 
which  was  eng^ved  in  our  Magazine  for 
February. 

Dr.  Keating  of  Callan  made  a  commu- 
nication relative  to  the  antiquities  of  that 
town  :  and  other  papers  were  received,— 
On  the  abortive  scheme  (nearly  one  hun- 
dred years  since)  to  connect  Kilkenny  with 
the  tidal  waters  of  the  Nore ;  On  t£e  Pagan 
cemetery  on  Ballon  hill,  co.  Carlow,  by 
Mr.  Richardson  Smith ;  On  the  Trades- 
men's Tokens  of  the  Seventeenth  Century, 
by  Dr.  AquiUa  Smith,  M.R.I.A. ;  On  the 
Ormonde  Coin,  with  an  Appendix  on  Mr. 
Lindsay's  printed  list  of  Ancient  Coins, 
by  the  same ;  On  the  Surrender  of  Ross 
Castle,  Killarney,  in  June  1652,  by  John 
P.  Prendergast,  esq.  barrister-at-Iaw ;  and 
On  the  ancient  Red  Book  of  the  Exchequer, 
at  Dublin,  by  James  F.  Ferguson,  esq. 

PALESTINE  ARCHiBOLOGICAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

Feb.  28.  The  first  general  meeting  of 
this  Association,  the  formation  of  which 
was  noticed  in  our  last  number,  p.  280, 
was  held  at  22,  Hart  Street,  Bloomsbury 
Square,  Dr.  Lee  in  the  chair. — The  chair- 
man addressed  the  meeting  upon  the  ob- 
jects and  progress  of  the  society,  which 
already  numbered  more  than  eighty  sub- 
scribing members,  most  of  whom  had  pre- 
sented donations  towards  carrying  out  the 
objects  of  the  society.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
Turnbull,  one  of  the  secretaries,  then 
explained  the  origin  and  principal  features 
of  the  Association  at  length. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Black  read  a  paper  "On  the 
necessary  Connection  between  the  Anti- 
quities of  Palestine  and  Biblical  Interpre- 
tation.'* 


Mr.  W.  F.  Aios worth  read  a  paper  '*  On 
the  Primitive  Monuments  of  Palestine,*' 
in  which  he  showed  that,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  monument  discovered  by  Capt. 
Byam  Martin  on  the  west  side  of  the  Jor- 
dan, the  monolith  of  Rihah,  and  the  sup- 
posed stone  of  Bohan,  none  of  the  primi- 
tive monuments  noticed  in  the  Holy  Wri- 
tings had  as  yet  been  discovered,  nor  had 
any  of  the  Mh,  mounds,  or  heaps  of  ruin, 
so  numerous  throughout  the  country,  been 
excavated  or  explored  in  search  for  them 
or  for  other  antiquities. 

Mr.  Ainsworth  read  a  paper  from  the 
Chevalier  de  Yandervelde,  who  had  been 
recently  to  the  shores  of  the  Dead  Sea,  to 
examine  the  site  of  M.  de  Sanlcy's  sup- 
posed discovery  of  the  ruins  of  Sodom,  and 
which  he  stat^  to  be  merely  a  collection 
of  stones  rolled  down  by  the  neighbouring 
torrents. 


SXCATATIONS  AT  NINBVBB. 

Of  late  the  French  Government  has 
made  some  renewed  attempts  in  the  en- 
virons of  Khorsabad.  The  ruins  formerly 
in  part  examined  by  M.  Botta  occupy  a 
rectangular  space  of  great  extent,  in  which 
at  certain  intervals  occur  small  conical 
hills  supposed  to  mark  Ihe  sites  of  towers 
or  fortified  gates  which  defended  the  walls. 
M.  Botta  had  not  excavated  these  de- 
rations, and  M.  Place  therefore  paid  great 
attention  to  this  task.  The  first  objects 
found  consisted  of  some  small  articles  of 
agate,  marble,  and  cornelian,  of  such 
preservation  and  polish  as  if  they  had 
recently  issued  from  the  hands  of  the 
artist  In  another  of  the  hills  was  found 
a  large  staircase,  or  rather  a  series  of 
terraces,  formed  of  burnt  and  inscribed 
bricks.  Below  the  lowest  of  these  terraces 
was  a  double  souterrain,  built  with  great 
accuracy.  Excavations  made  in  the  east 
side  of  this  hill  led  to  the  discovery  of 
brass  hinges  and  pins,  which  had  belonged 
to  doors,  of  which  nothing  but  the  metal 
and  the  stones  in  which  these  were  fixed 
remained.  M.  Place  next  arrived  at 
a  spot  which  has  received  the  name  of 
the  Magazine  of  Pitchers.  No  adequate 
idea  can  be  formed  of  the  quantity  of  Tasea 
found  in  this  locality ;  they  were  of  all 
shapes  and  sizes — broad,  narrow,  com- 
pressed, and  contracted  at  their  orifice. 
Most  of  them  had  been  broken  by  the 
weight  of  the  earth  which  rested  upon 
them  ;  still  M.  Place  discovered  some 
which  were  perfect,  and  which  will  form  the 
nucleus  of  a  collection  of  Assyrian  ceramic 
art.  They  were  filled  with  clay,  which, 
however,  had  become  so  hard  that  it  was 
impossible  to  remove  it,  without,  in  many 
cases,  breaking  the  vases.  Some  contained 
articles  made  of  cast  copper,  amongst  which 


406 


Antiquarian  R^iearch^s. 


[April, 


were  some  heads  of  gaielles,  faithftUly 
resembling  those  represented  on  the  bani 
relien,  and  M.  Place  thinks  that  they  were 
used  for  baling  out  the  wine  or  oil  con- 
tained in  the  pitchers.  On  the  eastern 
side  of  the  walls  is  another  hall  which 
M.  Place  cnosed  to  be  excavated.  It  con- 
tained pitchers,  1  m^tro  64  high,  and  the 
red  precipitates  fonnd  at  thdr  bottoms 
prove  that  these  halls  were  the  wine-cellars 
of  the  old  monarchs  of  Assyria. .  M.  Place 
examined  all  parts  of  the  palace,  and 
wherever  he  found  the  subterranean  gal- 
leries, he  perceived  that  the  Assyrian 
architects  had  used  both  the  pointed  and 
round  arch.  M.  Place  next  directed  his 
attention  to  what  M.  Botta  had  called 
die  '^  ruined  building,'*  but  had  left  un- 
explored. He  soon  came  to  the  con- 
viction that,  far  from  being  a  ruined 
building,  this  part  of  the  palace  was  in 
the  course  of  construction  at  the  time  the 
whole  became  a  ruin.  On  inspecting  the 
circumvallation  of  the  city,  M.  Place  re- 
marked on  the  south-west  side  a  pretty 
high  hill,  apparently  another  unexplored 
mound  of  the  same  size,  and  equalling  in 
extent  of  area  that  of  the  large  palace. 
But  it  is  not  a  single  palace  or  palacei 
which  await  further  examination,  but  a 
whole  Assyrian  city  may  yet  be  discovered 
and  exhumed. 

At  a  mountain  called  MaltaT,  being  one 
of  the  range  dividing  the  plains  lying 
beyond  the  first  tier  of  the  Mesopotamian 
mountains,  on  long  ranges  of  perpendicular 
rock,  resembling  walls  built  by  nature, 
have  been  discovered  large  incised  bassi- 
relievi,  containing  thirty-two  figures,  1  m. 
33  in  height.  They  comprise  three  com- 
partments, and  represent  persons  standing 
in  rows,  and  holding  in  their  hands 
the  staff  of  command,  crowns  or  rings, 
branches  of  trees,  &c. ;  they  are  seated  on 
the  backs  of  animals,  bulls  or  lions,-^not 
resembling  those  of  Khorsabad,  as  they 
have  neither  wings  nor  human  heads  and 
tiaras.  The  hill  of  Bavian,  north-east  of 
Khorsabad,  possesses  also,  like  that  of 
Malta!,  a  number  of  these  bassi-relievi  cut 
in  the  rock.  They  are  undoubtedly  the 
work  of  Assyrian  artists ;  and  amongst 
them  is,  nearly  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  a 
sculpture,  divided  into  nine  compartments, 
representing  figures  of  Assyrian  kings, 
of  natural  size,  and  resembling  those 
at  Khorsabad.  Four  of  these  figures, 
being  out  of  reach,  are  in  a  fine  state  of 
preservation. 


AMTiaUITIBS  01  BOlfl. 

In  laying  the  foundatioQ  for  the  Pas- 
sionist  Convent  at  the  Soala  Santa,  have 
been  lately  discovered  aome  subatructorM 
of  the  ancient  Lateran  Palace  conferred 
by  Constantino  on  the  Popea,  considerable 
remains  of  which  existed  ia  the  time  of 
Sixtus  v.,  but  were  levelled  with  th« 
ground  for  the  construction  of  the  building 
destined  to  contain  the  holy  ataira — the 
chapel,  now  called  *'  Sanota  Sanetomm," 
alone  excepted.  A  bath  and  ita  oondoitf , 
a  well,  atlU  aupplied  with  water,  and  v*> 
nous  small  chambers,  are  here  diatin* 
guishable  by  the  firagmenta  of  waila,  at 
the  height  of  one  or  two  feet,  in  Roman 
brickwork  of  the  beat  deapription ;  ilated 
columna  and  Corinthian  capitala  of  whita 
marble  lie  atrewn  in  fragmenta,  very  in* 
perfect ;  but  the  most  Talnable  difcof erj 
ia  an  ancient  moaaic,  forming  die  ptf^ 
ment  of  a  hall,  and  measuring  60|  by  M 
palma — therefore  the  largeat  RoDum  moaaie 
unbroken  into  firagmenta  yet  bronght  to 
light ;  not,  however,  that  it  ia  preaenrcd 
intact,  haring  annk  into  holea,  now  fiUod 
with  water,  in  more  than  one  plaee.  The 
material  is  marble,  of  grey,  yellow,  ind 
green  tints,  mixed  with  red  porphyry :  th« 
design,  a  aeriea  of  ootagona  with  decoraftad 
bordera,  and  oblonga  preaenting  the  oiM^ 
mental  pattern  reaembliog  interwoven  riii* 
bona  of  various  coloura,  known  by  Htm 
term  <*  Etruscan  meandeifa."  Of  the  o«* 
tagons  there  are  forty-eight,  four  oon* 
taining  heads,  male  and  female,  which  ■§• 
merely  expresaed  by  inlaid  onUinea,  wiA 
an  intermixture  of  marble  and  amalt  i  tiM 
others  containing  deaigna  in  ilowera  aai 
foliage  graeefnlly  conceived,  one  in  tlM 
form  of  a  floral  cross  moat  frequently  ra» 
peated.  Thia  moaaic  will  be  removed,  mod 
placed  in  the  Lateran  Mnaenm.  Viaoontl 
has  published  a  learned  report  of  tkeM 
excavations  in  the  official  papera.  He  has 
since  announced  the  discovery,  on  the 
same  spot,  of  two  silver  coins,  with  tho 
namea  of  Leo  IV.  and  the  En^ieror  Lo- 
thaire,  expreaaed  in  qiAint  monograaa^ 
that  of  the  emperor  having  the  letter  H,  #■ 
namea  now  written  with  the  initial  L  «■• 
aaid  to  have  been  anciently  writtaa  HL, 
to  indicate  the  gutteral  pronMneiation 
then  given  them  ;  alao  a  leaden  ftntfa,  or 
the  seal  appended  to  papal  odieta,  tfaeaoo 
called  '<  bulla,"  with  the  mamm  of  GeleatiM 
III.,  and  heada  of  Sainta  FMw  and  PmU 
on  the  reverae. 


407 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


The  War  with  Russia. — Some  remarkg  in 
the  Journal  de  St.  Petersbourg,  in  allusion 
to  negociations  between  the  Russian  and 
English  Governments  in  the  early  part  of 
last  year,  have  induced  the  English  Mi- 
nistry to  lay  before  Parliament  the  secret 
correspondence  between  Sir  6.  Hamil- 
ton Seymour  and  the  English  Foreign 
Office,  in  which  the  whole  transaction  ap- 
pears in  detail.  It  appears  that  confiden- 
tial communications  were  made  personally 
by  the  Emperor  Nicholas  to  the  English 
representative,  to  the  effect  that  the  Turk- 
ish Empire  was  in  the  condition  of  a  sick 
man,  who  might  die  at  any  moment,  and 
that  it  was  desirable  an  understanding 
should  be  arrived  at  between  Rnssia  and 
England  as  to  the  course  to  be  adopted  in 
case  of  its  dissolution ;  that  he  should  not 
permit  the  establishment  of  an  independent 
Greek  Empire,  or  that  any  other  Power 
should  seize  Constantinople,  but  that  he 
would  not  occupy  it  except  provisionally. 
He  also  stated  that  he  should  make  no 
objection  to  England  taking  possession  of 
Egypt  and  Candia,  and  that  he  was  sure 
of  the  consent  of  Austria,  and  was  indif- 
ferent as  to  the  view  which  might  be  taken 
by  France,  provided  England  and  Russia 
were  agreed.  To  this  it  was  replied  by 
Lord  J.  Russell,  and  afterward  Lord  Cla- 
rendon, that  they  had  no  reason  to  think 
that  the  case  of  Turkey  was  so  desperate, 
that  any  such  arrangements  as  were  pro- 
posed by  the  Emperor  were  the  surest  way 
to  bring  about  the  catastrophe  which  was 
dreaded,  and  that  the  English  government 
desired  no  accession  of  territory. 

It  is  stated  by  the  Moniteur  that  sub- 
sequently to  these  communications  similar 
orertures  were  made  through  the  medium 
of  Baron  Kisseleff  to  the  Emperor  Napo- 
leon with  the  same  result. 

On  the  27  th  of  Feb.  a  formal  summons 
was  despatched  to  the  Emperor  of  Russia 
by  the  governments  of  France  and  England, 
calling  upon  him  to  give  a  promise  to 
evacuate  the  principalities  by  the  30th  of 
April,  and  requiring  him  to  give  an  answer 
within  six  days  of  the  receipt  of  that  com- 
munication. Immediately  upon  its  re- 
ceipt, however,  the  English  and  French 
Consuls  were  informed  by  Count  Nessel- 
rode  that  no  answer  would  be  given. 

A  Declaration  of  War  appeared  on  the 
2Bth  of  March  in  the  Supplement  to  the 


London  Gazette.  The  document  goes  at 
considerable  length  into  the  history  of 
the  transactions  which  have  ended  in  the 
present  rupture.  It  states  that  Her  Ma- 
jesty had  assisted  in  promoting  an  arrange^ 
ment  by  which  justice  was  done  to  the 
complaints  of  the  Emperor  of  Russia  with 
respect  to  the  holy  places.  That  the 
Russian  government,  contrary  to  its  assu- 
rances given  to  Her  Majesty,  made  de- 
mands upon  the  Sultan,  which  substituted 
the  Emperor  of  Russia's  authority  for  his 
own,  over  a  large  portion  of  his  subjects, 
and  enforced  those  demands  with  a  threat. 
That  in  consequence  Her  Majesty  thought 
proper  that  her  fleet  should,  in  co-opera- 
tion with  that  of  the  Emperor  of  the 
French,  advance  to  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  Dardanelles.  That  this  advance  was 
not  prior,  but  subsequent,  to  the  resolu* 
tion  of  the  Russian  Emperor  to  invade 
the  principalities  ;  the  menace  of  invaiion 
having  been  conveyed  in  Count  Nessel- 
rode's  note  to  Redschid  Pasha  of  the  1 9th 
(31st)  of  May,  and  re-stat^d  in  his  despatch 
to  Baron  Brunow  of  the  20th  of  May  (1st 
of  June),  which  announced  the  intention 
to  occupy  the  principalities,  if  the  Porte 
did  not  within  a  week  comply  with  the 
demands  of  Russia ;  while  the  despatch  to 
Her  Majesty's  ambassador,  autnorising 
him  to  send  for  the  fleet,  was  dated  the 
31st  of  May,  and  the  order  to  the  Admiral 
to  proceed  to  the  Dardanelles  was  dated 
the  2nd  of  June.  The  declaration  goes 
on  to  relate  the  attempts  made,  in  con- 
junction with  the  sovereigns  of  Austria, 
France,  and  Prussia,  to  maintain  and  sub- 
sequently to  restore  peace,  and  concludes  by 
stating  that  those  having  been  ineffectual, 
and  the  Emperor  of  Russia  being  manifestly 
bent  on  the  destruction  of  the  Ottoman 
Empire,  Her  Majesty  feels  called  upon  to 
take  up  arms,  in  conjunction  with  the 
Emperor  of  the  French,  for  the  defence  of 
her  ally  the  Sultan,  and  to  save  Europe 
from  the  preponderance  of  a  power  which 
has  violated  the  faith  of  treaties,  and 
defies  the  opinion  of  the  civilised  world. 

The  English  division  of  the  army  tot 
the  East  is  intended  to  consist  of  about 
25,000  men  under  the  command  of  Lord 
Raglan.  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Cambridge 
will  have  the  command  of  one  of  the  divi- 
sions. About  10,000  men  have  embarked 
for  Malta,  inclnding  battalions  of  the  Soots 


4(M^ 


Foreign  News. 


[April, 


Fusilier  and  Coldstream  guards.  The 
second  division  is  preparing  for  embarka- 
tion, and  instmctions  hare  been  sent  to 
Malta  that  the  first  should  immediately 
proceed  to  the  Turkish  dominions. 

The  fleet  destined  to  operate  in  the 
Baltic  left  Spithead  on  the  1 1th  of  March, 
and  the  Downs  on  the  13th.  With  a 
favourable  wind  this  great  fleet  made  the 
coast  of  Sweden  in  forty-eight  hours.  Ad- 
miral Napier  arrived  in  Copenhagen  on 
the  20th,  having  left  the  fleet  anchored  in 
Wingo  Sound.  At  that  time  it  consisted 
of  the  following  vessels : 

^   Screw  Line  qf  Battle  Shipe. 


Guns. 
Duke  of  Welling. 

ton  .  .  131 
Royal  George  .  121 
St.  Jean  D'Acre  101 
Princess  Royal  •  91 
Creasy  .  .81 
Hogue  •  •  60 
Ajax .  .  .60 
Blenheim  .  .  60 
Edinburgh  .    58 

Sailing  Line  qf 
Neptune  .  .  120 
Monarch  .  .  84 
Boscawen  .    70 


Horse- 

Tons. 

Crew. 

rower. 

3700 

1100 

780 

2616 

990 

400 

3400 

900 

650 

3129 

850 

400 

2537 

750 

40O 

1750 

660 

450 

17G1 

500 

450 

1747 

600 

450 

1772 

660 

450 

Battle  Shipe. 

2705 

990 

_ 

2286 

750 

— 

2212 

650 

_ 

Screw 
Imperieuse 
Euryslus  . 
Arrogant  . 
Amphion  • 
Dauntless  . 
Tribune  . 
Miranda  • 
Cruiser 


Frigates  and  Corvettes, 

.  51  2347  530  360 

.  51  2271  530  4O0 

.  47  1872  450  360 

.  34     1474  320  300 

.  33  1490  300  580 

.  30  1570  300  300 

.  14  1039  170  250 

.  14  750  160  60 


PaddU'Wheel  Frigates  and  Sloops, 

Leopard    .  .18  1412  280  560 

Odin         .  .     16  1310  270  500 

Valorous   .  .     16  1255  220  400 

Dragon      .  .      6  1270  200  560 

Bulldog     .  .      6  1123  160  500 

Vulture     .  .      6  1190  200  470 

Basilisk     .  .      6  980  160  400 

This  fleet  will  be  further  augmented  by 
the  following  ships  and  vessels,  irrespective 
of  the  French  contingent : — 

Horse- 
Onns.    Tons.    Crew.  Power. 

120    2719    970     — 

,    91     3083     820    600 

,     91     2598    820    500 

,    91     2761     850    400 

91  preparing  at  Devonport 

91  2765  820  450 

90  2613  820  — 

81  2589  750  400 

70  2195  700  — 

44  1215  450  — 

16  1616  300  650 


St.  George 
James  Watt 
Nile 
C»sar 
Algiers 
Hannibal  . 
Prince  Regent 
Majestic    . 
Cumberland 
Msander  . 
Penelope   • 
9 


Magicienne 

Archer 

Desperate  . 

Conflict     . 

Driver 

Gorgon 

Rosamond 

Prometheus 

Alban 

Lightning 


Qtms.  Tons. 

,     16  1258 

.  14  973 

8  1100 

8  1013 

.   6  1056 

6  1111 

6  1059 

5  800 

3  405 

3  296 


Crew. 
260 
170 
175 
175 
160 
160 
160 
100 
50 
50 


Horse- 
power. 

400 

200 

400 

400 

280 

320 

286 

220 

100 

100 


Four  French  sail  of  the  line,  one  a  screw 
of  100  guns,  the  Ansterlits,  carrying  Vice- 
Admind  Duchesnes,  are  on  their  way  to 
join  the  fleet. 

Admiral  Napier  left  Copenhagen  for 
Stockholm  on  the  22nd,  and  the  fleet 
entered  the  Great  Belt  on  the  25th. 

Russia, — ^The  most  vigorous  prepara- 
tions for  defence  are  being  carried  on  in 
the  Baltic  ports.  At  Cronstadt  the  inhm- 
bitants  have  been  invited  to  leave  the 
town,  and  the  houses  have  been  fortified. 
The  Baltic  provinces,  as  well  as  those  bor« 
dering  on  Prussia  and  Austria,  have  been 
declared  in  a  state  of  siege.  The  Rustien 
Baltic  fleet  consists,  according  to  the 
Fremden  Blatt,  of  27  ships  of  the  line,  in- 
cluding 3  three-deckers,  18  frigates,  and 
15  corvettes  and  smaller  vessels,  besidet 
steamers.  None  of  the  larger  vessels  have 
steam  power.  These  are  at  present  distri- 
buted in  the  three  ports  of  Cronstadt, 
Revel,  and  Riga. 

Russia  has  acknowledged  the  neutrality 
of  Sweden. 

France, — The  first  portion  of  the  expe* 
dition  to  the  East  sailed  from  MarseiUet 
on  the  1 9th  of  March.  The  remainder  of 
the  force  embarked  in  the  coarse  of  the 
ensuing  week  at  the  ports  of  Toulon,  Mar- 
seilles, and  Algiers.  The  French  army 
will  proceed  direct  to  Gallipoli,  on  the 
peninsula  which  forms  the  European  side 
of  the  Dardanelles.  The  General  in  Chief 
is  Marshal  de  St.  Amaud,  late  at  the  heed 
of  the  Ministry  of  War.  Prince  Napo- 
leon, the  son  of  Jerome,  commands  one 
of  the  divisions  under  him.  Marsbal 
Vaillant  succeeds  St.  Amaud  as  Minister 
of  War. 

A  Convention  has  been  signed  at  Omi- 
stantiitople  betw^n  the  representativei  of 
Turkey  and  the  Western  powers,  by  whidi 
the  Porte  engages  not  to  treat  with  Rusein 
without  their  consent.  A  sq>arate  treatjr 
provides  for  the  amelioration  of  the  condi- 
tion of  the  Christian  subjects  of  the  Porte» 
and  their  elevation  to  social  and  pdlitioal 
equality  with  Mussulmans. 

The  English  steam  frigate  Retribntioa 
was  sent  from  Beioos  Bay  on  the  llth, 
accompanied  by  the  French  steamer  Cn- 
ton,  to  stop  the  oonstmctioB  of  a  ttodtedct 


1854.] 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


409 


which  the  Russians  are  establishing  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Danube.  If  the  Russians 
resist,  the  Retribution  has  orders  to  lire 
upon  them.  Steamers  have  also  been 
despatched  to  the  coast  of  Epirus  to  watch 
the  Greek  insurgents,  but  the  commanders 
have  received  a  notification  from  the 
Turkish  authorities  that  their  assistance 
will  not  be  required  in  suppressing  the  in- 
surrection. 

On  the  Danube  the  Russians  have 
abandoned  the  intention  of  attacking  Kal- 
afat.  They  continue  to  receive  consider- 
able reinforcements,  but  the  strength  of 
the  forces  on  the  two  sides  of  the  Danube 
continues  nearly  balanced. 

On  the  15th  of  March  Gen.  Gortscha- 
koff  endeavoured  to  take  possession  of  an 
island  in  the  Danube  opposite  Turtukai. 
The  Turks,  however,  succeeded  in  de- 
stroying a  bridge  which  the  Russians  had 
built  and  occupied.  The  latter  lost  about 
2000  killed,  the  Turks  scarcely  sustaining 
any  loss.    We  learn  by  a  telegraphic  des- 


patch from  Vienna  of  the  27th  of  March, 
that  a  Russian  force  of  35,000  men  crossed 
the  Danube  on  the  23rd  from  Brailow. 

Australia.  The  Committee  on  the  new 
Constitution  for  the  Colony  of  Victoria 
have  given  in  their  Report.  All  Legisla- 
tive Councillors  are  to  be  British-bom 
subjects,  and  to  have  a  freehold  qualifica- 
tion of  10,000/.  value,  or  1000/.  per  ann. 
A  freehold  of  1000/.  or  100/.  per  ann.,  a 
leasehold  of  300/.  a-year,  or  a  degree  in 
any  British  University  with  a  residence  of 
12  months  in  Victoria,  will  be  the  quali- 
fication for  an  election  to  the  Legislative 
Council.  Members  of  the  House  of  As- 
sembly are  to  have  freehold  property  of 
2000/.  value  or  100/.  per  ann.  and  if  an  alien 
to  have  been  naturalized  five  years,  and 
to  have  resided  two  years  in  the  colony. 
The  qualification  of  an  elector  to  be  a 
freehold  of  5/.  annual  value,  a  leasehold 
of  10/.,  the  being  a  householder  of  a  10/. 
house,  a  holder  of  a  salary  of  100/.  per 
ann.,  or  an  occupant  of  crown  lands. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


On  the  31st  Jan.  her  Majesty  opened 
the  session  of  Parliament  in  person,  and 
delivered  the  following  Speech  from  the 
Throne : — 

*'  My  Lords  and  Gentleman, — I  am  always  happy 
to  meet  you  in  Parliament ;  and  on  the  present 
occaaion  it  i.s  with  peculiar  satisfaction  that  I  recur 
to  your  ashistance  and  advice. 

•*  The  hopes  which  I  expressed  at  the  close  of 
the  last  session,  that  a  si)eedy  settlement  would  bo 
cffectwl  of  tiie  differencea  existing  iMjtween  Knssia 
and  the  Ottoman  I'orte,  have  not  been  realised, 
and  I  rcjjrct  to  say  that  a  state  of  warfare  has  en- 
sued. 1  have  continued  to  act  in  cordial  co-opera- 
tion with  the  EmiMjror  of  the  French,  and  ray  en- 
deavours, in  conjunction  with  my  allies,  to  preserve 
and  restore  peace  between  the  contending  parties, 
altliough  Jutherto  unsuccessful,  have  been  unre- 
mitting. J  will  not  fail  to  ]>crsevore  in  these  en- 
deavours ;  but  as  the  continuance  of  the  war  may 
deeply  affect  the  interests  of  this  country,  and  of 
Kurope,  I  think  it  requisite  to  make  a  further 
augmentation  of  my  naval  and  military  forces, 
with  the  new  of  supporting  my  representations, 
and  of  more  cffoctmiUy  contributing  to  the  resto- 
ration of  peace.  I  have  directed  that  the  papers 
explanatory  of  the  negociations  which  have  tAen 
place  upon  this  subject  shall  be  commanicatod  to 
you  without  delay. 

"  afntkmen  of  the  lloujte  of  Comwoiw,— The  esti- 
mates for  the  year  will  be  laid  before  you,  and  I 
tnist  you  will  And  that,  consistently  with  the 
exigencies  of  the  public  services  at  tliis  Juncture, 
they  have  l»ccn  framed  with  a  duo  regard  to 
economy. 

"  Mil  Lords  and  Gentlemen^— In  the  year  which 
has  Just  terminated,  the  blessing  of  an  abundant 
harvest  has  not  been  vouchsafed  to  us.  Ity  this 
dispensation  of  Providence  the  price  of  provisions 
has  been  enhanced,  and  the  privations  of  the  poor 
have  l>cen  increased  ;  but  their  patience  has  been 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


exemplary;  and  the  care  of  the  Legislature, 
evinced  by  the  redaction  of  taxes  affecting  the 
necessaries  of  life,  has  greatly  tended  to  preserve 
a  spirit  of  contentment. 

"  I  have  the  satisfaction  of  announcing  to  you 
that  the  commerce  of  the  country  is  sttll  pros- 
perous; that  trade,  botli  of  export  and  import, 
has  been  largely  on  the  increase ;  and  that  the 
revenue  of  the  past  year  has  been  more  than  ade- 
quate to  the  demands  of  the  public  senrice. 

**  I  recommend  to  your  consideration  a  Bill 
which  I  have  ordered  to  be  framed  for  opening 
tlie  coasting-trade  of  the  United  Kingdom  to  the 
ships  of  all  friendly  nations ;  and  I  look  forward 
with  satisfaction  to  the  removal  of  the  last  legisla- 
tive restriction  upon  the  use  of  foreign  shipping 
for  the  benefit  of  my  people. 

"  Communications  have  been  addressed  by  my 
command  to  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cam- 
bridge, with  reference  to  the  improvement  which 
it  may  be  desirable  to  effect  in  their  institutions. 
These  communications  will  be  laid  before  you, 
and  measures  will  be  proposed  for  your  considera- 
tion with  the  view  of  giving  effect  to  such  im- 
provements. 

"  The  establishments  requisite  for  the  condact 
of  the  Civil  Service,  and  the  arrangements  bear- 
ing upon  its  condition,  have  recently  been  mnder 
review ;  and  I  shall  direct  a  plan  to  be  laid  before 
you  which  will  have  for  its  object  to  improve  the 
system  of  admission,  and  thereby  to  increase  the 
efficiency  of  the  service. 

**  The  recent  measures  of  Legal  Reform  have 
proved  highly  beneficial,  and  the  success  whictr 
has  attended  them  may  well  encourage  you  to 
proceed  with  further  amendments.  Bills  will  be 
submitted  to  you  for  transferring  ftrom  the  Eccle- 
siastical to  tho  Civil  Courts  the  cognisance  of 
testamentary  and  of  matrimonial  causes,  and  tor 
giving  increased  efficiency  to  the  superior  Courts 
of  Common  Law. 

'*  Tho  laws  relating  to  the  Relief  of  the  Poor 
have  of  late  undergone  much  salutary  amend- 

3G 


410 


Domestic  Occurrences* 


[AprU, 


ment ;  bnt  there  is  one  branch  to  which  I  earnestly 
direct  your  attention.  The  law  of  settlement  im- 
pedes the  freedom  of  labour ;  and  if  this  restraint 
can  with  safety  be  relaxed,  the  workman  may  be 
enabled  to  increase  the  fruits  of  his  industry,  and 
the  interests  of  capital  and  of  labour  will  be  more 
firmly  united. 

*•  Measures  will  be  submitted  to  you  for  the 
amendment  of  the  laws  relating  to  the  Representa- 
tion of  the  Commons  in  Parliament.  Recent  ex- 
perience has  shown  that  it  is  necessary  to  take 
more  effectual  precautions  against  the  evils  of 
bribery,  and  of  corrupt  praeticea  at  Elections.  It 
will  also  be  your  duty  to  consider  whether  more 
complete  eflFect  may  not  be  given  to  the  principles 
of  the  Act  of  the  last  reign,  whereby  reforms  were 
made  In  the  representation  of  the  people  in  Parlia- 
ment. In  recommending  this  subject  to  your 
consideration,  ray  desire  is  to  remove  every  cause 
of  just  complaint,  to  increase  general  confidence 
in  the  Legislature,  and  to  give  additional  stability 
to  the  settled  institutions  of  the  State. 

"  I  submit  to  your  wisdom  the  consideration  of 
tliesc  important  subjects ;  and  I  pray  God  to  pros- 
per your  counsels,  and  to  guide  your  decisions." 

The  Address  in  the  House  of  Lords 
was  moved  by  the  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  and 
seconded  by  the  Earl  of  Ducie ;  that  in 
the  Commons  was  moved  by  Lord  Castle- 
rosse  and  seconded  by  Mr.  Thomson 
Hankey ;  and  both  were  carried  without  a 
division. 

On  the  13th  Feb.  Lord  John  Russell 
brought  forward  his  Reform  Bill  in  the 
House  of  Commons.  Its  plan  is  briefly 
this: — Boroughs  with  less  than  300  voters 
in  a  population  of  5,000  persons,  are  to 
be  deprived  of  their  members,  and  bo- 
roughs with  less  than  600,  or  less  than 
10,000  inhabitants,  are  to  be  deprived  of 
one  member.  Sixty-two  seats  will  thus 
be  created.  The  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire and  South  Lancashire  are  to  be 
divided  into  two  parts,  each  of  which  is 
to  return  three  members,  and  an  additional 
member  is  to  be  given  to  each  county  and 
town  containing  more  than  100,000  inha- 
bitants.  But  in  these  cases  the  electors 
are  to  vote  for  two  of  the  candidates 
only,  so  that  when  the  minority  ex- 
ceeds two- fifths  of  the  constituency,  the 
minority  will  return  one  representative. 
Additions  are  to  be  made  to  the  repre- 
sentation of  the  metropolis,  and  Kensing- 
ton and  Chelsea  united  are  to  return  two 
members.  The  Inns  of  Court  are  to  return 
two,  and  the  University  of  London  one. 
In  counties,  the  franchise  is  to  be  lowered 
to  10/.  All  persons  in  the  receipt  of  100/. 
a-year,  who  have  50/.  in  any  Savings  Bank, 
who  enjoy  dividends  of    10/.   on  Bank 


Stock,  or  pay  40».  income  or  assessed 
taxes,  are  to  be  enfranchised. 

THE  ECCLB6IASTICAL  C0MM188I0M. 

The  sixth  general  report  of  the  Ecclesi- 
astical Commissioners  gives  a  detailed  ac- 
count of  their  proceedings  daring  the  year 
ending  Nov.  1,  1853.  Daring  the  year 
two  prelates,  the  Archbishop  of  York  and 
the  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  have  con- 
sented to  receive  fixed  instead  of  flactaat- 
ing  incomes,  and  to  pay  over  to  tiie  com- 
mission any  surplus  of  their  revenues 
beyond  the  amount  fixed  by  law  as  the 
proper  income  of  the  see.  These  two 
prelates,  having  been  appointed  prior  to 
1848,  could  not  have  been  compelled  to 
make  this  arrangement.  The  commis- 
sioners received  daring  the  year  25,497/. 
in  respect  of  episcopal  revenues,  51,l83i. 
from  capitular  revenues,  and  46,592/.  from 
estates  vested  in  the  commission.  Among 
the  year's  payments  are — to  augmented 
sees  38,574/.,  chapters  9,364/.,  archdea- 
conries 4,623/.,  livings  80,813/.  The  total 
number  of  benefices  permanently  aug- 
mented by  the  commissioners  is  now  850, 
with  a  population  of  2,337,127,  and  the 
annual  grants  amount  to  46,160/.  in  per- 
petuity. There  have  also  been  241  dis- 
tricts constituted  by  the  commissioners 
under  Sir  R.  Peel's  Act  of  1843,  the 
aggregate  population  being  854,370;  of 
those  districts,  183  have  been  already  pro- 
vided with  churches,  and  have  become  new 
parishes ;  and  the  permanent  annual  charge 
upon  the  funds  of  the  commission  ia  re- 
spect of  districts  and  new  parishes  is  now 
34,248/.  There  are  two  special  funds,  of 
which  the  commissioners  also  render  an 
account.  One  is  called  the  **  Maltby 
Fund,''  and  is  constituted  of ''  the  Bishop 
of  Durham's  benefactions ;"  his  Lordship 
paid  over  2,456/.  last  year,  and  has  now 
altogether  paid  14,162/.;  the  amoant  la 
applied  towards  the  erection  of  parsonage 
houses  in  the  diocese.  The  other  fond 
arises  from  a  munificent  devise  of  estates 
by  the  late  Mr.  Henry  Gaily  Knight  for 
the  erection  of  churches  or  endowment  of 
small  livings ;  a  question  arose  as  to  the 
validity  of  the  devise,  but  an  arrangement 
has  been  come  to,  and  the  commissionen 
have  about  37,000/.  from  this  source,  and 
intend  to  apply  it  in  grants  towards  pro- 
viding parsonage  houses. 


411 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Preferments. 

Jan.  25.  The  Hon.  Henry  Edward  John 
Stanley,  now  First  Paid  Attach^  to  H.  M. 
Embassy  at  Constantinople,  to  be  Secretary  of 
Leeration  at  Athens. 

Feb.  ai.  To  be  Brigadier-Generals  on  the 
Staff  of  the  Forces  about  proceeding  upon  a 
particular  service :  Colonel  William  Cator, 
R.  Art.,  and  Colonel  W.  B.  Tylden,  R.  Engi- 
neers. 

Feb.  22.  Lord  Harris  to  be  Governor  of 
Madras.— Tliomas  Liddell,  esq.  to  be  Colonial 
Surveyor  for  Sierra  Leone.— Peter  G.  Fraser, 
esq.  to  be  a  Member  of  the  Legislative  Council 
of  Van  Diemen*s  Land. — Capt.  Charles  Taylor 
Du  Plat,  R.  Art.  to  be  Equerry  to  his  R.  H. 
Prince  Albert,  vice  Lieut.-Col.  the  Hon.  Alex. 
Gordon,  who  is  appointed  Extra  Equerry. 

Feb.  24.  Commander  Robert  Tench  Bed- 
ford, R.N.  to  be  one  of  the  Gentlemen  Ushers 
Quarterly  Waiters  in  Ordinary  to  Her  Ma- 
jesty.  Royal  Marines,  Capt.  James  Bu- 
chanan and  Capt.  H.  G.  Mitford  to  be  Lieut.- 

Colonels Deputy  Inspector-Gen.  Verling, 

M.D.  to  be  Inspector-General  of  Ordnance 
Hospitals.— Surgeon  Alex.  M'Kecknie,  M.D. 
(1830),  surgeon  and  medical  storekeeper  of  the 
Royal  Hospital,  Haslar,  to  be  Inspector  of  Hos- 
pitals ;  Surgeon  Alex.  Bryson,  M.D.  (1836), 
surgeon  of  the  Fisgard  flagship  at  Woolwich, 
to  be  Deputy- Inspector  of  Hospitals. 

Feb.  33.  General  Viscount  Hardinge,  G.C.B., 
Lieut.'Gen.  Lord  Raglan,  G.C.B.,  Earl  Grey, 
Lieut.-Gen.,  Earl  Catbcart.  K.C.B.,  Lord  Pan- 
mure,  K.T.,  Lieut.-Gen.  Lord  Seaton,  G.C.B., 
the  lit.  Hon.  Sidney  Herbert,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir 
J.  S.  Pakington,  Bart.,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Edward 
EUice,  Colcis!  George  Buller,  C.B.,  and  Colo- 
nel W.  T.  Knollys,  to  be  Commissioners  for 
inauiring  into  the  several  modes  of  promotion 
and  retirement  in  Her  Majesty's  military 
forces. 

West  Kent  Militia,  Viscount  Torrington  to 
be  Lieut. -Colonel.— Forfar  and  Kincardineshire 
Militia,  William  Burnett  Ramsay,  esq.  to  be 
Licut.-Colonel.— Sussex  Militia,  Capt.  the  Hon. 
Henry  K.  H.  Gage  to  be  Major.— Worcester- 
shire Yeomanry  Cavalry,  Lord  Ward  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel ;  Captain  Robert  Clive  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel.— 5th  West  York  Militia,  Col. 
George  L.  Lister-Kaye,  late  of  lOth  Hussars, 
to  be  Lieut. -Ck)lonel  (Commandant. 

March  3.  2d  Dragoons,  Capt.  G.  A.  F.  Sulli- 
van to  be  Major.— Coldstream  Guards,  Lieut, 
and  Capt.  P.  G.  II.  Somerset  to  be  Captain 
and  Lieut.-Colonel —Scots  Fusilier  Guards, 
Lieut. -Col.  G.  W.  Fordyce,  from  half-pay  13th 
Foot,  to  be  Capt.  and  Lieut.-Colonel.— 12th 
Foot,  Lieut.-Col.  E.  St.  Maur,  from  the  27th 
Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel,  vice  Lieut.-Col.  R. 
Rumley,  who  exchanges. — 50th  Foot,  Major  R. 
Waddy  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt.  J.  O.  M oi- 
ler to  be  Major.— Royal  Canadian  Rifle  Regi- 
ment, Major  P.  Hill  to  be  Major.— Royal  Mili- 
tary College,  Brevet  Lieut.-Col.  G.  W.  Prosser 
to  be  Lieut. -Governor ;  Major  P.  L.  M'Dougall, 
from  Royal  Canadian  Rifle  Regiment,  to  be 
Major  and  Superintendent  of  Studies.— Unat- 
tached, Capt.  J.  Johnston,  from  66th  Foot,  to 
be  Major.  -Hospital  Staff.  To  be  Staff  Surgeons 
of  the  First  Class :  R.  Battcrsby,  from  47th 
Foot ;  J.  R.  Taylor,  from  80th  Foot ;  W.  Odell, 
M.D.,  from  19th  Foot ;  andT.  Alexander,  from 
20th  Foot. 

Afarch  6.  Chichester  Samuel  Fortescue,  esq. 
to  be  a  Lord  of  the  Treasury.— Capt.  Henry 
Ratcliffe  Searle  to  be  Assistant  Police  Magis- 
t  rate  for  Sierra  Leone.— John  Grant  and  James 


Sawkins,  esquires,  to  be  Colonial  Sui^eons  for 
the  Gold  Ck)ast.— William  Henry  Shew,  esq.  to 
be  a  Member  of  C^ouncil  of  the  Virgin  Islands. 
—Philip  Salomons,  esq.  to  be  one  of  H.M. 
Corps  of  Gentlemen -at- Arms,  vice  Kitson, 
retired. 

March  9.  The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  to  be 
Vice-Admiral  of  the  county  of  Chester.— The 
Earl  of  Yarborough  to  be  Vice-Admiral  of  the 
county  of  Lincoln.— Rawson  William  Rawson, 
esq.,  now  Treasurer  for  Mauritius,  to  be  Colo- 
nial Secretary  for  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.— 
Felix  Bedingfeld,  esq.,  now  Master  of  the 
Supreme  Civil  Court  of  Trinidad,  to  be  Trea- 
surer of  Mauritius.— George  Fraser,  esq.  to  be 
Provost- Marshal  of  Grenada.— John  Letang, 
esq.  to  be  Attorney-General  for  Dominica. — 
John  Watts  Ebden,  esq.  to  be  Solicitor-General 
for  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

March  13.  John  Christison,  esq.  Advocate, 
to  be  Sheriff  of  Ayrshire,  vice  Bell,  resigned. 

March  14.  Royal  Marines,  Lieut.-Col.  David 
M'Adam  to  be  Colonel  Second  Commandant ; 
brevet  Major  Samuel  Hawkins  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel. 

March  16.  Cornelius  Kortright,  esq.  to  be 
President  and  Senior  Member  of  the  Council 
of  the  Virgin  Islands.— Lieut.-C^olonel  Mundy, 
Assistant  Quartermaster-General  at  Kilkenny, 
to  be  Military  Secretary  for  War  and  the  Colo- 
nies. 

March  17.  23d  Foot,  Major  H.  W.  Banbury 
to  be  Major. 

March  22.  Edmond  Semper,  esq.  to  be  a 
Member  of  Council  at  Montserrat.    , 

March  24.  2d  Life  Guards.  Lieut.-Gen.  Lord 
Seaton,  G.CB.  and  G.C.M.G.,  from  26th  Foot, 
to  be  Colonel.— 79th  Foot,  Major-Gen.  W.  H. 
Sewell,  C.B.  to  be  Colonel.— 27th  Foot,  Lieut.- 
Col.  H.  I).  Kyle  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel —Deodt 
Battalion  of  Parkhurst  Barracks,  Lieut.-Col. 
Randal  Rumley,  from  27th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel;  Major  Ferdinand  White,  C.B.  to  be 
Major.— Brevet.  To  be  Brigadier-Generals  on 
the  Staff  of  the  Forces  about  proceeding  upon 
a  particular  service :  (Colonels  J.  L.  Penne- 
father,  C.B.  h.p.  28th  Foot,  the  Earl  of  Car- 
digan, 11th  Hussars,  the  Ix)rd  De  Ros,  unatt., 
J.  B.  B.  Estcourt,  unatt.,  H.  W.  Adams,  49th 
Foot,  Hon.  James  Yorke  Scarlett,  5th  Drag. 
Guards,  Sir  John  Campbell.  Bart.  38th  Foot, 
and  George  Buller,  C.B.  Rifle  Brigade.  (Com- 
missions to  bear  date  21st  Feb.  1854.)— Capt. 
A.  C.  McMurdo,  10th  Light  Dragoons,  to  oe 
Major  in  the  Army;  Capt.  A.  C.  Sterling, 
unatt.  on  the  Staff  of  the  Army  proceeding  on 
a  particular  service,  to  be  ^Major  in  the  Army. 
— The  Rev.  Robert  Hatpin,  now  chaplain  at 
Dublin,  and  the  Rev.  Robert  Hamilton,  now 
chaplain  at  Gibraltar,  to  be  Chaplains  to  the 
Forces  from  the  24th  March. 


To  be  Aides-de-Camp  to  Lord  Raglan  :  Major 
Lord  Burghersh,  Capt.  P.  Somerset,  Lieut. 
Hon.  S.  Calthorpe,  Capt.  Nigel  Kingscote. 


Naval  Preferments. 

Feb.  17.  Capt.  Harry  Eyres  (1841)  to  the  St. 
George  120.— Capt.  Henry  Smith  (1846)  to  the 
Neptune  120.  —  Commanders  William  Boys 
(1846)  to  the  Fisgard  flagship  at  Woolwich, 
for  transport  service  at  Deptford ;  Henry  May 
(1854)  to  the  St.  George  120;  W.  H.  Gennys 
(1853)  to  the  Neptune  120. 

Feb.  21.  Capt.  E.  A.  Inglefield  (1858)  to  the 
Phoenix  screw  steam-sloop,  for  conreying  fur- 


412 


Promotions  and  Preferments, 


[April, 


ther  relief  for  Sir  Edward  Belcher's  expedition 
at  Beecby  Island.— Lieut.  S.  O.  Cresswell  (1849) 
to  be  Lieat.-Commander  of  the  Talbot  23»  and 
to  accompany  the  Phoenix.— Lieut.  Colin  C.  A. 
Kane  (1841)  to  be  Lieat.-Commander  of  the 
Janns  frunnery  ship  at  Sbeerness. 

Feb.  23.  Lieut.  Edward  H. O.  Lambert  (1846) 
to  be  Commander. 

Feb.  33.    Capt.  J.  Fulford  to  the  Conway. 

Feb.  35.  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Charles  Napier, 
K.C.B.  to  hoist  his  iiBg  in  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington, for  the  Command  in  Chief  of  the  Baltic 
fleet.— Commodore  Henry  Byam  Martin*  C.B. 
to  the  Nile  91.— Captain  of  the  Fleet,  Michael 
Seymour  to  the  DukeofWellinjrton.— Captains 
B.  J.  Sullivan  to  Ligrhtnins^,  £.  M.  Lyons  to 
Miranda  14,  Edmund  Heathcote  to  Archer  14, 
John  Foote  to  Conflict8.— Commanders  George 
Wodehouse  to  Rosamond,  H.  C.  Otter  to  Alban, 
Arthur  Cnmming  to  Gorgon,  E.  B.  Rice  to 
Prometheus,  the  Hon.  A.  A.  Cochrane  to 
Driver,  R.  Jenkins  to  Talbot.— Lieutenant  John 
de  C.  Agnew  to  be  flag- Lieutenant  to  Vice-Adm. 
Sir  Charles  Napier. 

Feb.  28.  Comm.  Robert  Jenkins  (1858)  to 
the  Talbot  33. 

March  3.  Capt.  Frederick  Hutton  (1844)  to 
the  Neptune  130.— Capt.  Henry  Smith  (1839) 
to  the  Prince  Regent  90.— Comm.  Benj.  H. 
Bunce  (1848)  to  the  Neptune  130. 

March  8.  Ck>mm.  Samuel  Moorish  (1851)  to 
the  Imanm  72.  receiving-ship  at  Jamaica. 

March  9.  Rear-Adm.  J.  H.  Plumridge  to  be 
an  Admiral  of  the  Fleet  under  the  command 
of  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Charles  Napier,  K.C.B. 

March  13.  Comm.  James  Hosken  (1853)  to 
the  Belleisle  34  troopship,  commissioned  as  an 
hospital-ship  in  the  Baltic  fleet. 

March  14.  Master  George  Biddlecombe 
(1835)  to  be  Master  of  the  Baltic  fleet.— Alex. 
M*Kechnie,  MD.  to  the  Belleisle  hospital-ship, 
in  attendance  on  the  Baltic  fleet.— Surgeons 
Robert  Beith.  M.D.  (1853),  and  James  J.  Mar- 
tin, M.D.  (185S),  to  the  Belleisle;  Edward 
Groves  (1846)  to  the  Gorgon  steamsloop,  at 
Portsmouth. 

March  16.  Capt.  William  H.  Hall  (1844)  to 
the  Hecla  paddlewheel  steamsloop. 

March  18.  Capt.  Hon.  Fred.  W.  Grey,  C.B. 
(1838),  Aide-de-Camp  to  the  Queen,  to  the 
Hannibal  91  screw  steamship. 

March  33.  Comm.  Oliver  J.  Jones  (1849)  to 
the  Hannibal. 

March  35.  Commander  James  F.  B.  Wain- 
Wright,  of  the  Winchester,  to  be  Captain — 
The  Hon.  M.  Stopford  to  be  Rear- Admiral 
Superintendent  of  Devonport  Dockyard,  pro 
tern.— Capt.  J.  C.  Fitzgerald  from  Winchester, 
flagship  in  China,  to  Calliope,  on  the  Austra- 
lian SUtion.— J.  F.  B.  Wainwright  to  the  Win- 
chester. 


Ecclesiastical  P&efbrmbnts. 

Rev.  W.  K.  Hamilton,  Bishoprig  of  Salisbury. 
Rev.  G.  H.  S.  Johnson,  Deanery  of  Wells,  Som. 
Rev.  J.  Baillie(R.ofNunburnholme),Canonry 

Residential  in  York  Minster. 
Rev.  W.  Cochran  (Incumbent  of  St.  Andrew's, 

Red  River),  to  be  first  Archdeacon  of  Assine- 

boine,  dio.  Rupert's  Land. 
Rev.  J.  Hunter  (Incumbent  of  Christ  Church, 

Cumberland),  to  be  first  Archdeacon  of  Cum- 
berland, dio.  Rupert's  Land. 
Rev.  J.  S.  Master  (R.  of  Chorley),  Hon.Canonry, 

Manchester  Cathedral. 
Rev.  W.  W.  Johnson,  Minor  Can.  Manchester. 
Rev.  B.W.  Adam8,Cloghran  R.  archdio.  Dublin. 
Rev.  W.  St.  L.  Aldworth,West  BarshamV.  Norf. 
Rev.  A.  T.  Armstrong,  Ashton-ou-Ribble  P.C. 

Lancashire. 
Rev.  S.  Amott,  St.  Luke  P.C.  Berwick  Street. 
Rev.  C.  H.  Awdry,  Seagry  V,  Wilts. 


Rev.  J.  Bailie,  Foghart  R.  archdio.  Armagh. 

Rev.  E.  S.  Bankes,  Corfe-Castle  R.  Dorset. 

Rev.  T.  B.  Banner,  Holy  Innoc.  P.C.  Liverpool. 

Rev.  A.  H.  Barker,  Rickmansworth  V.  Herts. 

Rev.  H.  A.  Barrett,  Langley  P.C.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  H.  W.  Beck  with,  St  Mary  BishophiU 
Sen.  R.  York. 

Rev.  E.  Fitz  M.  Boyle,  St.  Peter  P.C.  Hammer- 
smith, Middlesex. 

Rev.  P.  Brett.  Mount-Bures  R.  Essex. 

Rev.  M.H.S.  Champneys,  Bpperstone  R.  Notts. 

Rev.  T.  Coldwell,  Green's-Norton  R.  w.  Whit- 
tlebury  and  Silverstone  P.C.Northamptonab. 

Rev.  C.  A.  A.  Craven,  Horsley  P.O.  Northnmb. 

Rev.  T.  Cupiss.  Edlaston  R.  Derbyshire. 

Rev.  J.  Day,  Bedfield  R.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  L.  Dowdall,  Rathfumham  R.  Dublin. 

Rev.  H.  Dowson,  Little  Horsted  R.  Sussex. 

Rev.  R.  Gell.  Kirk-Ireton  R.  Derbyshire. 

Rev.  H.  C.  Grey,  Wartling  V.  Sussex. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Hall.  Hovingham  R.  Yorkshire. 

Rev.  A.  W.  Headlam,  Whorlton  P.C.  Durham. 

Rev.  R.  Hensman,  Brompton-Ralph  R.  Som. 

Rev.  A.  Hill,  Charfield  R.  Gloucestershire. 

Rev.  R.  Hill,  Wormsley  P.C.  Herefordshire. 

Rev.  A.  D.  Hilton,  Ch-lingbury  R.  Northampt. 

Rev.  J.  Hilton,  Orlingbury  R.  Northamptonsb. 

Rev.  T.  Horsfall,  Barrow-in-Fumess  P.C. 

Rev.  W.  Lempriere,  S.  Warnborough  R.  Hants. 

Rev.  G.  R.  Mackamess,  Ham  V.  Staffordahire. 

Rev.  N.  B.  Milnes,  CoUey- Weston  R.  Npn. 

Rev.  H.  Morgan,  St.  Athan  R.  Glamorgansb. 

Rev.  F.  Morse,  St.  John  P.C.  Ladywood,  Warw. 

Rev.  W.  L.  Newham,  Hackford  R.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  C.  L.  Pemberton.  Curry-Mallet  R.  Som. 

Rev.  J.  Pilling,  Grimsargh  P.C.  Lancashire. 

Rev.  W.  T.  Preedy,  Kittisford  R.  Somerset. 

Rev.  W.  Rigg,  St.  Paul  P.C.  Grange,  CartmeU. 

Rev.  J.  C.  Rowlatt,  St.  Paul  R.  Exeter. 

Rev.  W.  L.  Scott,  Abthorpe  V.  Northamptonsb. 

Rev.C.Seaver,St.  John  P.C.  Belfut,dio.  Down. 

Rev.  B.  Simpson,  Bossall  V.  w.  Buttercrambe 
C.  Flaxton  C.  and  Sandhutton  C.  Yorkshire. 

Rev.  C.  F.  Smith,  Bishop-Thorpe  V.  Yorksh. 

Rev.LG.  Smith,  Tedstone-de-la-Mere  R.  Heref. 

Rev.  A.  R.  Stert.  Rayleigh  R.  Essex. 

Rev.  S.  H.  Unwin,Cheddon-Fits-PaineR.8om. 

Rev.  W.  H.  White,  Kenton  V.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  G.  Whitlock,  Milton-Bryant  R.  Beds. 

Rev.  J.  Wilson,  St.  James  P.C.  Preston,  Lane. 

Rev.  H.  S.  Wright,  Bersted  P.C.  Lane. 

7b  Chaplaincies, 

Rev.  B.  Brander,  the  Union,  Calne,  Wilti. 
Rev.  R.  J.  Burton,  to  the  Earl  of  Portsmontb. 
Rev.  W.  Capel (Assistant),  H.B.ICS.  Madras. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Clark,  H.M.S.  the  Valorous  of  the 

Baltic  Fleet. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Edwards,  Conway,  flag-ship,  Cork. 
Rev.  W.  G.  Green,  H.M.S.  Monarch. 
Rev.  R.  Halpin.  Rev.  R.  Hamilton,  and  Rer. 

H.  Wright,  to  the  Staff  of  the  Expedition  to 

the  East. 
Rev.  G.  R.  Husband,  at  Guinea,  France. 
Rev.  S.  H.  Jacob,  H.M.S.  Dauntless. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Knapp.  H.M.S.  Nile.} 
Rev.  G.  A.  M.  Litle  (and  Naval  Inttmctor), 

H.M.S.  Monarch,  at  Sbeerness. 
Rev.  H.  H.  Matchett.  H.M.S.  Blenheim. 
Rev.  G.  Mockler,  to  the  Troops  at  Malta. 
Rev.   J.   Smithard  (and   Naval   Instmctor), 

H.M.S.  Caesar,  at  Portsmouth. 
Rev.  T.  H.  Watson,  H.M.S.  Ajax. 
Rev.  E.  A.  Williams,  H.M.S.  St.  George. 
Rev.  J.  P.  Wright,  to  the  English  ndhray 

Ofllcers  and  Labourers  at  Valence,  France. 
Rev.  S.  Smith,  in  H.M.  Fleet  for  the  Baltic. 

Collegiate  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Cartwright  (R.  of  Batcombe,  Som.) 
one  of  the  Distnct  Diocesan  Inspectors  o# 
Schools  for  the  deanery  of  Chew. 


1854.] 


Birth* — Marriages. 


Rev.  R.  Cholmeley.  Junior  Proctor  of  Oxford 
University,  1854-5. 

Rev.  J.  Darnell,  Second- Master,  Archbishop 
Tenison's  School,  London. 

Rev.  G.  W.  De  Lisle,  Under-Mastership,  Marl- 
boroug^h  College. 

Rev.  H.  Fowler,  Principal  of  the  Collegiate 
School,  Gloacester. 

Rev.  J.  P.  Lightfoot,  Rector  of  Exeter  College. 
Oxford.  ® 

Rev.  J.  Milner,  Principal  of  the  Collegiate  In- 
stitute, Sydney,  Australia. 

Rev.  E.  Stokes,  Senior  Proctor  of  Oxford  Uni- 
versity, 1854-5. 


Rev.  J.  S.  Blackwood,  LL.D.  to  be  Travelling 
Secretary  to  the  British  Organization  of  the 
Evangehcal  Alliance. 


BIRTHS. 

Lately,    At  the  Chateau  of  Ering,  in  Bavaria, 
the  Hon.  Mrs.  James  Rrskine,  a  son. 
Feb.  5.    At  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  the  wife  of 

Sir  Gaspard  Le  Marchant,  a  son. 11.    At 

Naples,  the  lady  of  Sir  George  Beaumont,  Bart. 

a  dau. 15.    In  South  st.  Grosvenor  sq.  the 

wife  of  G.  T.  Duncombe,  esq.  a  dau. 17.   In 

Chesham  pi.  the  wife  of   the  Hon.  Richard 

Cavendish,  a  dau. 18.   At  Rufford  hall.  Lady 

Arabella  Hesketh,  a  dau. 21.    At  Rutland 

gate,  Hyde  pk.  Lad^  Edward  Fitzalan  Howard, 

a   dau. At   Richings   park,    Bucks,    Lady 

Willshire.  a  dau. aa.  In  Fitzwilliam  square, 

Dublin,  the  Countess  of  Courtown,  a  son. 

At  Brighton,  the  wife  of  John  Round,  jun.  esq. 

a  son. 23.    Lady  Baird,  of  Saughton  hall,  a 

son. a4.    At  Wing.  Bucks,  the  wife  of  the 

Rev.  P.  T.  Ouvry,  a  dau. 25.    At  Marching- 
ton,  Staffordshire,  Lady  Harriet  Vernon,  a  son 

and  heir. 27-   At  East  Sheen,  the  Hon.  Mrs. 

Horatio  FitzRoy,  a  dau. 28.    At  Grendon 

vicarage,  co.  Npn.  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Daniel 
Brent,  D.D.  a  son. 

March  1.    At  Youlston   park,  near   Barn- 
staple, the  wife  of  Sir  Arthur  Chichester,  Bart. 

a  dau. At  Washington  rectory,   Durham, 

the  wife  of  Hon.  and  Rev.  L.  W.  Denuian,  a 

dau. At  One  Ash,  Rochdale,  the  wife  of 

John  Bright,    MP.  a  dau. —  At   IJIetchley, 
Bucks,  the  wife  of  Richard  Selby  Lowndes,  esq. 

a  dau. At  Woolston,  Som.  the  wife  of  Henry 

Hobhouse,  esq.  a  son. 2.    At  Grafton  st. 

the  wife  of  T.  Thistlethwayte,  esq.  Southwick 

park,  Hants,  a  son. 5.    At  Portsmouth,  the 

wife  of  Vice- Admiral  Sir  Thomas  Cochrane, 

K.C.B.  Commander-in-Chief,  a  dau. 6.    In 

Charles  st.  Berkeley  sq.  the  wife  of  George 

Cavendish  Bentinck,  esq.  a  son. 8.  At  Batn, 

Lady  Wade,  a  dau. At  Bushey,  Mrs.  In- 
gram Travers,  a  dau. At  Salisbury,  the  wife 

of  the  llev.  Precentor  Hamilton,  a  son. 

9.    Mrs.  Charles  Rivington,  Upper  Woburn 

place,  a  son. At  Stonehouse,  the  wife  of 

Lieut.-Col.  Errington,  51st  Light  Inf.  a  son. 

10.    At  Oran,  Yorkshire,  the  wife  of  the 

Hon.  J.  C.  Dundas.  a  son. 12.    In  Caven- 
dish sq.  Lady  John  Manners,  a  dau. At  Nor- 

Und  sq.  Notting  hill,  the  wife  of  Comyns  Row- 
land Berkeley,  esq.  a  son. 13.  At  Wymond- 

ham  rectory,  Leic.  the  Hon.  Mrs.  John  Beres- 

ford,  a  son. 16.    At  Eaton  pi.  Belgrave  sq. 

the  wife  of  Ralph  L.  Lopes,  esq.  barrister-at- 

law,  a  son. At  Heigham,  the  wife  of  Major 

E.  T.  Hibgame,  a  son. 


MARRIAGES. 

Jan.  3.  At  Brighton,  John  Eugene  Shad- 
well,  esq.  only  son  of  Cant.  Shadwell,  of  Bath, 
and  Horfield,  Glouc.  to  Francea-Kllen,  second 


413 

?*"•  of.„?«*y*™»n  Wood,  esq.  of  Newnton 

house,  Wilts At  Gittlsham,  Devon,  Edm. 

Pndeaux  8t.  Aubyn,  esq.  Capt.  10th  M.N.I,  to 
Carohne-Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  M.  F.  Gordon, 

esq.  of  Abergeldie. At  Bovey  Tracy,  tbe 

Rev.  Samuel  Wareing  Manama  to  Rosamond- 
Fountaine- Addison,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  A. 
Fountaine,  of  Middleton  St.  George,  Durham. 

At  St.  Mary  church,  Capt.  John  Scott  PkUU 

potU,  Bengal  Army,  son  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Exeter,  to  Susan,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  T. 
Kitson,  of  Shiphay  house. 

^\  h^^^}^^  ^««^«»  *^e  Rev.  Nassau  Catk- 
cart,  of  Belfast,  to  Fanny,  eldest  dau.  of  tbe 
late  Adm.  Payne,  of  Weymouth. At  Swans- 
combe,  Kent,  Bernard  tvavmouih,  esq.  Assis- 
tant-Surveyor of  Lloyd's,  to  Jane,  eldest  dau. 
of  Capt.  UmfreviUe,  R.N. 

7.  At  Lichfield,  the  Rev.  William  Hides, 
B.A.  Incumbent  of  Gay  ton,  Staff,  to  Maria- 
Lucy,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Charles 

Holmes,  of  Derby. At  Wiveliscorobe,  Som. 

the  Rev.  James  William  Williams^  of  Leaming- 
ton Priors,  son  of  the  Rev.  David  Williams, 
Rector  of  Baughurst,  Hants,  to  Anna-Maria, 
third  dau.  of  James  Waldron,  esq.  solicitor. 

9.  At  Heacbam,  Norfolk,  Lovell  Reeve,  esq. 
of  Henrietta  st.  Covent  garden,  and  West  hifl, 
Wandsworth,  to  Martha,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Stephen  Reeve,  esq.  of  Twyford,  Norfolk. 

10.  At  Weston-super-Mare,  the  Rev.  William 
Menziet,  Rector  of  Winnall,  Hante,  to  Jane- 
Sophia,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  James 

Alleyne  Hendy,  esq.  M.D.  of  Chelmsford At 

Cookbam,  Berks,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Bentlev, 
M.A.  Curate  of  Ashton  Keynes,  Wilts,  son  of 
John  Bentley,  esq.  Secretary  of  the  Bank  of 
England,  to  Rosamond- Harriett,  younger  dau. 

of  Hear-Adm.  Clowes,  of  Maidenhead. At 

Glasgow,  the  Rev.  John  Thomas  Boyle,  Chap- 
lain to  the  Bishop  of  Glasgow  and  Galloway,  to 
Sophia,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  J.  James,  esq. 

At  Clatford,  Francis,  son  of  John  Walker^ 

esq.  of  Westbourne  st.  Hyde  pk.  to  Margaret- 
Sophia,  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Iremonger, 

of  Wherwell  priory,  near  Andover. At  Eling. 

Hants,  Capt.  Frederic  Brock,  R.  Welsh  Fusi- 
liers, to  Margaret-Jane-Dorothy,  dau.  of  Geo. 

Henry  Errington,   esq.  of  Colchester. ^At 

Bedford  chapel,  the  Rev.  J.  Gilberd  Pearee, 
B.A.  son  of  J.  G.  Pearse,  esq.  Broom  house, 
Southmolton,  to  Julia,  youngest  dau.  of  the 

late  Capt.  George  Truscott,  ll.N. At  Psd- 

dmgton,  Thomas  Henry  Farrer,  esq.  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Farrer,  es<|.  to  Frances,  third  surviving  dau. 
of  the  late  William  Erskine,  esq.  and  grand- 
dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  James  Mackintosh. 
-—At  Kensington,  Capt.  Lockhart  Mure 
Valiant,  Bombay  Cav.  third  son  of  late  Major- 
Gen.  Sir  Thomas  Valiant,  K.C.B.  to  Georgiiuui. 
Barbara,  eldest  dau.  of  James  Malcolmson, 
esq.- — At  Eton  college,  Capt.  Brownlow  Ed- 
ward Ijayard,  to  Louisa-Henrietta,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Carter,  Fellow  of 

Eton  college,  and  Vicar  of  Burnham. At  St 

Luke's  Chelsea,  William  J.  Reynoldi,  esq.  B.A.* 
of  the  Royal  Alihtary  Asylum,  to  Rosa-RusseU. 
third  dau.  of  the  late  John  Bainbridge,  esa. 
-—At  Harwich,  William  H.  Graves,  esq.  18th 
Royal  Irish,  fourth  son  of  the  late  Major-Gen. 
Graves,  to  Antoinetta,  second  dau.  of  the  Uite 
George  Deane,  esq. 

U.  At  Chepstow,  the  Rev.  Garnons  WU- 
Itame,  Vicar  of  Llowes,  Radnorsh.  to  Catherine- 
Frances,  second  dau.  of  Fenton  Hort,  esq.  of 

Hardwick  house,  near  Chepstow. At  Donny- 

brook,  the  Rev.  James  Eumeey,  M.A.  Pemb. 
coll.  Oxford,  to  Eliza,  dau.  of  the  Rev.J.  T 

Medlycott,  of  Rockett^i  castle,  Waterford. 1 

At  Chesbunt.  Herts,  Barnard  Dickinson  Bar- 
man, of  MonkB  house,  Corsham,  Wilte,  second 
son  of  the  Ute  Exekiel  UarmaD,  esq.  of  Theo- 


414 


Marriages. 


[April, 


balds,  to  Maria,  second  daa.  of  the  late  Thos. 

Morton,  esq.  of  Grove  bouse. At  Blackburn, 

Wm.  Perceval  Blgetf  esq.  lateCapt.  50tb  Regt. 
to  Frances- Parsons,  elder  dau.  of  Joseph  Rales, 

esq. At  Manchester,  the  Rev.  John  Willing- 

font  B.A.  Incumbent  of  St.  Matthew's,  Stock- 
port, to  Laura-Goodall,  younrest  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Minster,  esq.  solicitor,  Coventry. 

19.  At  Little  Torrinjfton,  Peirce  Wynne 
Torket  esq.  of  DyflVyn  Aled,  Dcnb.  to  Lucy- 
Penelope,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Trevor  Wlieler, 

Bart. At  Dover,  Andrew  Gillony  esq.   of 

WallhOQse,  West  Lothian,  to  Anna-Maria,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Henry  Pag^et  Gill  and  of 
Lady  Maxwell,  of  Calderwood  castle,  Lanarksh. 

At  St.  Hilary,  near  Cowbridge,  Richard 

Underwood^  esq.  solicitor,  of  Hereford,  third 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Underwood,  Canon 
of  Hereford,  to  Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  Stephen 
Dowell,  esq.  of  Braywick  g:rove,  Berks,  and 

Bath. At  Blackburn,  Edwin  Davis  Maddy, 

of  Lincoln's  inn,  barrister-at-law,  eldest  son 
of  Edwin  Bladdy,  D.C.L.  of  Gloucester  place, 
Hyde  park,  to  Alice-Catherine,  widow  of  Thos. 
Kay,  esq.  and  eldest  dau.  of  Henry  Paul  Fleet- 
wood, esq.  of  Woodfold  park,  Lane. At  Ilfra- 

combe,  North  Devon,  Henry-Ashmore,  eldest 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Col.  Evatt,  of  South- 
ampton, to  Mary-FranccM,  second  dau.  of  the 

late  Rev.  John  llinde,  of  Ludlow. At  West 

Lynn,  the  Rev.  Bingham  Sibthorpe  Maiden, 
B.A.  Curate  of  Clayton-cumKeymer,  to  Mary- 
Susannah,  eldest  aau.  of  Giles  Walker,  esq.  of 

North  Lynn. At  Trinity  church,  Mnryle- 

bone,  John  Mar/teet,  esq.  eldest  son  of  John 
Marifleet.  esq.  of  Winthon>e  jjrove,  Notts,  and 
Boothby  house,  Line,  to  Emily,  second  dau.  of 
Felix  F.  F.  Bean.  esq.  of  Claphnm  house,  Sus- 
sex, and  granddau.  of  Joshua  Walker,  esq.  of 
Upper  Harley  street. 

14.  At  Deptford,  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Botcawen, 
Vicar  of  Hanmer,  Flintshire,  to  Emma,  dau. 

of  the  late  Capt.  Brown,  RN. At  Leaminr- 

ton  Priors,  Jonas  Stawell,  esq.  Inte  Capt.  45tii 
Regt.  to  Harriet-Innes,  youngest  dau.  of  Ar- 
nold Thomson,  esq.  late  of  81st  Ro^riment. 

16.  At  Port  Guernsey,  George  Lethbridgc 
Ottley,  esq.  son  of  the  late  Col.  Ottlcy,  70th 
Regt.  to  Lucy,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Isl^l,  esq.  M.D.  of  Stonchouse. 

17.  At  Shenley,  the  Rev.  C.  Thompton,  Vicar 
of  South  Mimms,  to  Amelia-Marthn,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Mien  Winter,  esq.  of 

Shenley  hill,  Herts. At  Bonn,  John  Ers- 

kine  Douglas  Stewart,  second  son  of  Kear- 
Adm.  Houston  Stewart,  C.B.  to  Julia,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Turton,  iM.A.  Incum- 
bent of  Betley,  Staff. At  Caistor,  the  Rev. 

Anthony  Bower,  M.A.  Fellow  of  St.  John's 
college,  Cambridge,  and  Head  Master  of  Cais- 
tor Free  Grammar  School,  to  Martha-CJollins 

Colton,  niece  of  R.  Colton,  es<i. At  Bath, 

William  Martyn,  cs<i.  FR.C.S.  of  Brumpton, 
to  Elizabeth-Bowen-Pridham,  second  dan.  of 

the  late  Richard  Bowen  Reed,  esq.  R.N. 

At  Knapton,  J.  J.  Wright, e^f^.  M.D.  of  Malton, 
to  Sarah,  only  dau.  of  James  Tindale,  esq.  of 

Scarborough  and  Knapton  hall,  Yorkshire. 

At  Scarborough,  the  Rev.  R.  Athinton,otlUiU' 
caster,  Rector  of  Claxby-cum-Normanby.  Line, 
to  Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  William  Raines,  esq. 

of  Wyton  hall,  Yorkshire. At  Paddington, 

Henry  William  Graham,  esq.  H.E.I.C.s.  to 
Harriette-Rosalie,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John 
Read  Munn,  Vicar  of  Ashburnharo,  Sussex. 

At  Paddington,  Henry  Aimd  Ouvry,  esq. 

Capt.  Sd  Light  Dragoons,  second  son  of  the 
late  Peter  Aim^  Ouvry,  esq.  of  the  Ordnance 
Office,  to  Matilda-Hannah,  only  dau.  of  the 

late  Col.  John  Delamain,  C.B. At  Butleigh, 

Somerset,  the  Rev.  C.  Amndell  St.  John  Mild- 
mojf.  Rector  of  Lapworth,  third  son  of  the  late 
Paalet  St.  John  Mlldmay,  eaq.  of  Haslegrove 


house,  Som.  to  Harriet-Lonisa  Neville,  yoanr- 

est  dau.  of  the  Dean  of  Windsor. At 

Brighton,  John  Norman  Madean,  Lient.  7t1i 
Madras  Light  Cavalry,  second  son  of  Col. 
Maclean,  of  Coll,  Scotland,  to  Anna-Maria, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Roe,  esq.  of  Sans 

Souci,  CO.  Dublin. At  Caniberwell,  the  Rev. 

George  Meade  Gibbs,  B.A.  to  Elizabeth-Jane, 
eldest  dau.  of  William  Tree  Tatlock.  esq.  of 
Pcckham. 

18.  At'whitestone,  Devon,  the  Rev.  Looia 
Woollcombe,  Rector  of  Petrockstowe,  son  of 
the  Rev.  Henry  Woollcombe,  to  Aogusta- 
Rundcll,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Charles    Brown, 

Rector    of  Whitestonc. At   Northenden, 

Samuel  Chilton  GroM,  esq.  of  Bawdsey,  SufT 
eldest  son  of  the  late  S.  C.  Gross,  esq.  of 
Alderton.  Suffolk,  to  Mary,  second  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  Woolnough,  Rector  of  Northen- 
den, Cheshire. At  Rawtenstall,  the   Rev. 

George  Wright  Thornton,  of  Fx:cleston,  Chor- 
ley,  to  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  George 

Hardman,  esq.  of  Oak  bill,  Rawtenstall. 

At  Leamington,  George  Uorniblow,  esq.  M.D. 
72d  Highlanders,  to  Fanny-Maria,  youngest 
dau.  of  George  Mumford,esq.  Downnam*  Norf. 

19.  At  St.  James's  Paddington,  the  Rer. 
Frederic  Anthony  Staple^,  B.A.  only  son  of 
John  Stapley.esq.of  Bognor,  Sussex,  to  Mary- 
Charlotte,  only  dau.  of  Fred.  Robert  Gore,  esq. 

of  Devonshire  terr.  Hyde  park. At  Holy 

Trinity,  Westbourne  terr.  Richard- Donoogta- 
more,  eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late  S.  If. 
Lovett,  esq.  of  Bath,  ant)  co.  of  Dublin,  to 
Amelia-Lilias-Jane,  voungest  dau.  of  the  late 

Samuel  Fyler,  esq.  or  Twickenham. At  Set- 

lack,  Hertfordshire,  the  Rev.  Edmnnd  Du 
Buitton,  of  Glynhyr,  Carmarthensh  to  Anne- 
Charlotte-Dunning,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Hunt  Ley,  Rector  of  Rame,  Cornwall. 

At  Cottingham,  Charles  Uoptt  esq.  Capt. 

R  N.  to  Mary- Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  JosefA 
Sykes,  esq.  of  Raywcll.  —  At  Wilsden,  Yorksh. 
the  Rev.  George  De  Renxy,  Curate  of  Hawortb, 
to  Kniily,  only  dan.  of  Thomas  Mackley,  esq. 

21.  At  Alverstoke,  near  Gosport,  William 
Lindsay,  esq.  M.D.  Deputy-Inspector  of  Haa- 
lar  hospital,  to  Sarah-l8al>eiia,only  dau.  of  John 

C.  Harris,  esq. of  Bristol. At  Southampton, 

Edward  Montagu  Leedt,  est],  son  of  the  late 
Sir  George  Leeds,  Bart,  to  Jessie,  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Spears,  esq.  of  Kirkaldy,  Vi(^ 
shire,  and  niece  of  Geo.  Duulop.  esq.  of  South- 
ampton.  At  Emsworth,  Henry  P€*kett,t9q, 

M.l).  of  Petersfield,  to  Catherine,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  James  Philip  Hicks,  esq.  of 
Emsworth. 

2^.  At  Ambleside,  the  Rev.  Walter  A7co/, 
M.A.  Incumbent  of  Denton,  near  Manchester, 
to  Rebecca,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  William 

Morris,  esq.  of  Peasmarsh,  Sussex. At  St. 

Mary's  Bryanston  sq.  Henry- Walford,  third 
son  of  Charles  Green,  esq.  to  Emma,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Fowler  Jones,  esq.  of 

Ashurst    park,  Kent. At  Thames  Ditton, 

Surrey,  Philip  Pearse  Plantagenet  Wills,  onljr 
son  of  Lieut.  John  Wills,  R.N.  of  Trinity  sq. 
Brixton,  to  Joyse,  youngest  dau.  of  Mr.  \Vm. 

Strike. At  Brudie cottage,  Moraysh.  Donald 

Alex.  MacLeod,  esti.  late  of  Bennl  Med.  Eat. 
to  Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of  Edw.  H.  Woodcock, 
esq.  late  of  .Madras  Civil  Serv.— At  Chelsea, 
Wuliam  Braybrooke,  eaq.  Surgeon  50th  Regt. 
to    Rhoda-Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the   late 

Major  Elhart,  of  the  72d  HighUnders. ^At 

Westbury-on-Tryin,  Andrew  Wynier,  M.D. 
Curzon  st.  May  fair,  London,  to  .Mary-Betty, 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Sykes  Bramball,  esq.  or 
Sheffield. 

25.  At  Smeeth,  G.  W.  L.  Plumptre  Carter, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  Harry  William  Carter,  esq. 
of  Kennington  pi.  near  Ashford,  to  ADcsBta, 
only  child  of  the  Rev.Dr.  Wyndham  Kutclibiill. 


415 


OBITUARY. 


The  Marquess  of  Londonderry,  K.G. 

March  1.  At  Holdernesse-house,  Park- 
lane,  aged  76,  the  Most  Hon.  Charles  Wil- 
liam Vane,  third  Marquess  of  London- 
derry (18lG),Earlof  Londonderry  (^^6), 
Viscount  Castlereagh  (1795),  and  Baron 
Stewart  of  Londonderry  (1789),  all  dig- 
nities in  the  peerage  of  Ireland ;  Earl 
Vane,  and  Viscount  Seaham  of  Wynyard 
and  Seaham,  co.  Durham  (1823)  ;  Baron 
Stewart  of  Stewart's  Court  and  Bally- 
lawn,  CO.  Donegal  (1814),  in  the  peerage 
of  the  United  Kingdom  ;  K.G.,  G.C.B. 
and  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  orders  of 
the  Guelphs  of  Hanover,  the  Tower  and 
Sword  of  Portugal,  the  Black  and  Red 
Eagles  of  Prussia,  and  the  Sword  of 
Sweden,  a  Knight  of  St.  George  of  Russia; 
a  Privy  Councillor  ;  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
the  county  and  Vice  Admiral  of  the  coast 
of  Durham,  Custos  Rotulorum  of  the 
counties  of  Down  and  Londonderry,  a 
General  in  the  army,  Colonel  of  the  2nd 
Life  Guards,  and  D.C.L. 

This  nobleman  was  the  only  son  by  the 
second  marriage  of  Robert  first  Marquess 
of  Londonderry  with  Lady  Frances  Pratt, 
daugliter  of  Charles  Arst  Earl  Camden 
and  Lord  Chancellor  of  England.  He 
was  bom  on  the  l«th  of  May,  1778,  in 
Mary- street,  Dublin. 

When  little  more  than  fourteen  years 
of  age  he  received  a  commission  as  Ensign 
in  the  108th  Foot,  in  which  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  a  company  in  1794,  and  in 
June  of  that  year  he  joined  the  expedition 
under  the  Earl  of  Moira,  destined  to  re- 
lieve the  Duke  of  York  from  the  perilous 
situation  in  which  he  was  placed  after  the 
reduction  of  Ypres,  the  defeat  of  General 
Clerfayt,  and  the  taking  of  Charleroy. 
Captain  Stewart  was  appointed  Assistant 
Quartermaster  -  general  to  that  division 
of  the  forces  which  landed  at  Isle  Dieu, 
under  General  Doyle ;  and  after  the  re- 
turn of  the  British  army  he  was  attached 
to  Col.  Charles  Crawfurd's  mission  to  the 
Austrian  armies  in  1795,  179(>,  and  1797. 
At  the  battle  of  Donauwert  he  was 
wounded  by  a  musket-ball,  which  entered 
his  face  under  the  eye,  went  through  his 
nose,  and  was  extracted  on  the  opposite 
side.  This  wound  was  received  whilst 
charging  vnth  some  heavy  Austrian  cavalry 
that  were  driven  back  by  the  French  Hus- 
sars. In  a  senseless  state  he  was  carried 
back  to  the  village  of  Donauwert,  where 
he  was  put  into  a  cart  with  some  wounded 
Austrians,  and  in  that  condition  conveyed 
to  the  rear. 


On  his  return  home  he  was  appointed 
Aide 'de-camp  to  his  uncle  Earl  Camden, 
then  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland.  He 
had  succeeded,  on  the  31st  July  1795,  to 
the  majority  of  the  106th  Foot;  and  on 
the  1st  Jan.  1797  he  was  promoted  to  a 
Lieut. -Colonelcy  in  the  5th  Dragoons.  A 
letter  from  General  Robert  Dundas  is  ex- 
tant (and  printed  in  the  Royal  Military 
Calendar,  1820,  vol.  ii.  p.  412),  in  which, 
after  speaking  of  the  5th  Dragoons  as 
having  been,  when  encamped  in  the  Car- 
ragh  of  Kildare,  under  his  command,  as 
**  the  worst  of  all  possible  bad  regiments," 
he  acknowledges  the  great  improvement 
that  had  taken  place  under  the  immediate, 
command  of  Colonel  Stewart,  and  adds, 
"  You  possess  the  characteristic  powers 
that  are  necessary  to  make  a  good  officer ; 
and  I  am  perfectly  convinced  that  had  the 
5th  Dragoons  remained  in  Ireland  under 
your  direction,  they  would  soon  have  be- 
come the  best  regiment  of  cavalry  in  this 
country.  *  *  Lieut.  •  Colonel  Stewart  served 
with  the  5th  Dragoons  during  the  Irish 
rebellion  ;  but,  notwithstanding  its  partial 
improvement,  its  insubordination  con- 
tinued so  great  that  it  was  shortly  after 
disbanded,  at  the  representation  of  the 
Lord'  Lieutenant. 

In  connection  with  this  measure  of 
severity,  Lieut. -Colonel  Stewart  received 
a  marked  proof  of  the  Royal  favour  as  ex- 
tended towards  himself.  He  was  six  days 
after  appointed  to  the  Lieut. -Colonelcy  of 
the  1 8th  Light  Dragoons,  which  was  then 
made  a  regiment  of  Hussars.  His  activity 
was  distinguished  in  completing  and  ren- 
dering efficient  this  corps,  which  had  been 
previously  reduced  to  a  skeleton ;  and  in 
1799  he  accompanied  two  squadrons  of  it 
in  Sir  Ralph  Abercromby^s  expedition  to 
Holland.  During  this  campaign  Lieat.- 
Colonel  Stewart  was  again  wounded  in  the 
head,  whilst  at  the  outposts  near  Schagen- 
burg.  A  ball  struck  the  glass  he  was  look- 
ing through,  which  it  broke  ;  but  the  tube 
turned  the  force  of  the  ball,  which  had 
otherwise  proved  fatal. 

On  the  25th  Sept.  1803  he  was  ap- 
pointed Aide-de-camp  to  his  Majesty,  with 
the  rank  of  Colonel,  and  soon  afterwards 
he  occupied  for  a  time  the  situation  of 
Under  Secretary  of  State  in  the  War 
department. 

He  left  that  situation  to  assume  the 
command  of  a  brigade  of  Hussars  under 
Sir  John  Moore,  in  Portugal,  where  he 
was  to  act  with  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General.  On  the  adYance  of  the  army  into 


416  Obituary.— 7%e  Marguess  of  Londonderi*y^  K.G.     [April, 


Spain,  he  covered  the  inarch  of  Sir  John 
Hope's  division,  during  which  he  surprised 
a  French  post  at  Rueda,  and  took  the 
whole  escort  of  a  valuable  convoy  of 
cotton.  During  the  retreat  of  Sir  John 
Moore's  army,  he  was  in  the  cavalry 
actions  of  Sahagun  and  Benavente,  and 
his  conduct  was  repeatedly  praised  by  Sir 
John  Moore.  On  one  occasion  that  Gene- 
ral remarked  :  **  Our  cavalry  is  very  supe- 
rior in  quality  to  any  the  French  have ; 
and  the  right  spirit  has  been  infused  into 
them  by  the  example  and  instruction  of 
their  two  leadens,  Lord  Paget  and  Briga- 
dier* General  Stewart."  At  a  ford  near 
Astorga,  on  the  29th  Dec.  1808,  Brig.- 
General  Stewart  successfully  repulsed  an 
attack  of  the  Imperial  Guard,  who  left  on 
the  field  55  killed  and  wounded,  and  70 
prisoners,  including  their  Colonel,  General 
Le  Febvre. 

On  arriving  at  Corunna,  on  the  13th 
Jan.  1809,  Sir  John  Moore  determined  to 
send  home  Brig. -Gen.  Stewart,  in  order 
to  report  upon  the  progress  of  events.  Sir 
John  Moore  remarks,  that  "Brigadier- 
General  Stewart  is  a  man  in  whose  honour 
I  have  the  most  perfect  reliance  ;  he  is  in- 
capable of  stating  anything  but  the  truth." 
At  the  same  time  General  Stewart  had 
been  seized  with  a  very  bad  ophthalmia, 
which  made  it  impossible  for  him  to 
serve. 

A  very  few  months,  however,  had 
elapsed  before  be  returned  to  the  Penin- 
sula as  Adjutant-General  to  the  army 
under  Sir  Arthur  Wellesley,  a  post  which 
he  continued  to  hold  until  May,  1813. 
During  the  pursuit  of  Marshal  Soult's 
army  across  the  Douro,  he  led  two 
squadrons  of  the  16th  and  20th  Dragoons, 
which  charged  the  enemy  most  gallantly, 
and  took  many  prisoners ;  and  on  many 
other  occasions  his  name  was  most  honour- 
ably mentioned,  particularly  in  the  affair 
at  £1  Bodon.  For  these  services,  and  for 
his  exertions  at  Talavera,  he  received  the 
thanks  of  the  House  of  Commons  on  the 
5th  Feb.  1810.  The  Speaker's  address, 
and  General  Stewart's  reply,  were  printed 
in  the  Royal  Military  Calendar.  In  the 
latter  is  the  following  passage:  *' If  I 
might  venture  to  arrogate  anything  beyond 
the  most  anxious  zeal  for  the  King's 
service,  and  a  sincere  love  for  the  profes- 
sion I  belong  to,  it  is  an  ardent  desire  to 
follow  the  footsteps  of  my  great  and  gallant 
Commander,  to  whose  sole  abilities  and 
exertions  we  stand  indebted,  not  only  for 
the  battle  of  Talavera,  but  for  all  those 
successes  which  have  rendered  him  alike 
an  ornament  to  his  country  and  a  terror 
to  her  foes.  To  follow  his  bright  example, 
to  emulate  his  achievements,  and  to  be 
thought  worthy  of  his  confidents,  I  shall 
10 


ever  consider  as  the  surest  passport  to  the 
greatest  distinction  that  can  be  conferred 
upon  a  soldier— I  mean  the  approbatkm 
of  this  honourable  House." 

At  this  time,  and  during  the  whole  of 
his  active  services  on  the  continent,  he  had 
been  a  member  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, to  which  he  was  returned  for  the 
county  of  Londonderry  to  the  first  Par- 
liament after  the  Union,  in  1801;  and 
again  in  1803,  1806,  1807,  August  1812 
(on  being  appointed  a  Groom  of  the  Bed- 
chamber), and  the  general  election  of  the 
same  year.  In  1806  he  had  stood  a  con- 
test, of  which  the  result,  after  sixteen  days' 
poll,  was— 


Hon.  Charles  W.  Stewart 
Lord  George  T.  Beresford 
Hon.  William  Ponsonby   . 
Samuel  Lyle,  esq.    •     .    . 


1397 

1123 

979 

601 


On  the  1st  Feb.  1813  General  Stewart 
was  nominated  a  Knight  of  the  Bath ;  and 
on  the  27  th  March  following  he  receiTed 
the  royal  permission  to  accept  the  in- 
signia of  a  Knight  Commander  of  the  Por- 
tuguese order  of  the  Tower  and  Sword  oon- 
ferred  for  his  services  in  the  PenioinUu 
He  also  received  a  Cross  and  one  clasp  on 
account  of  the  battles  of  Talavera,  Bnaaco, 
Fuentes  d^Onor,  and  the  sieg^  of  Badijos. 

On  the  7th  April,  1813,  Sir  Charlei 
Stewart  was  appointed  Envoy  extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  plenipotentiary  to  the 
court  of  Berlin.  During  that  summer  he 
acted  as  military  commissioner  to  the 
armies  of  the  Allied  Sovereigns,  and  wee 
specially  charged  with  the  iupervision  of 
Bernadotte,  the  Swedish  king,  who  had 
armed  his  troops  by  help  of  subsidies  froa 
England,  and  was  at  that  time  wareriag 
in  his  allegiance.  The  secret  history  H 
that  time  exists  to  show  what  kind  of  re- 
monstrance the  English  Envoy  found  it 
necessary  to  employ  at  so  critical  a  mo- 
ment as  that  which  preceded  the  greet 
battle  of  Leipsic. 

On  the  22d  March,  1814,  Sir  Charles 
Stewart  received  the  royal  licence  to  ac- 
cept the  Grand  Cross  of  the  Sword  of 
Sweden,  the  Russian  order  of  St.  George 
(4th  class),  and  both  the  Black  and  the 
Red  Eagle  of  Prussia,  all  conferred  for 
his  services  in  the  campaign  of  1813,  par- 
ticularly at  the  battles  of  Calm  and 
Leipsic. 

On  the  SOth  Nov.  1813  he  was  remored 
from  the  Lieut.-Colone1cy  of  the  Ennie- 
killing  Dragoons,  which  he  had  held  from 
179i),  to  the  command  of  the  25th  tk/tkt 
Dragoons.  He  had  become  a  Major-Se- 
neral  July  25,  1810 ;  and  was  promoted  to 
Lieut. -General  June  4,  1814. 

On    the    18th    of  June,    1814,    Sir 
Charles  Stewart  was  created  a  peer  of  IIm 


1854.]     Obituaky. — The  Marquemt  of  Loiidondervy^  K.G.  417 


realm  by  the  title  of  Baron  Stewart ;  and 
on  the  25th  of  the  same  month  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  Lord  of  the  Bedchamber,  which 
office  he  continued  to  hold  until  Aug.  1 827. 
On  the  :27th  July,  1 8 14,  he  was  8 worn  a  Privy 
Councillor.  This  was  on  occasion  of  his 
being  appointed  ambassador  to  Austria ; 
and  on  the  11th  August,  together  with  his 
brother  Lord  Castlereagh,  the  Earl  of 
Clancarty,  and  Earl  Cathcart,  he  was  con- 
stituted one  of  the  Plenipotentiaries  on  the 
part  of  Great  Britain  to  the  Congress  of 
Vienna,  the  Duke  of  Wellidgton  being 
subsequently  added  as  First  Plenipotentiary 
on  the  18th  Jan.  1815. 

On  the  melancholy  death  of  his  half- 
brother  Robert  the  second  Marquess  of 
Londonderry,  then  Premier,  on  the  13th 
Aug.  1822,  Lord  Stewart  succeeded  to  the 
dignities  conferred  on  their  father  in  the 
peerage  of  Ireland ;  and  on  the  28th 
of  March,  1823,  he  was  advanced  to  the 
dignities  of  Earl  Vane  and  Viscount  Sea- 
ham,  in  the  peerage  of  the  United  King- 
dom, with  special  remainder  to  his  issue 
male  by  his  second  wife,  in  right  of  whom 
he  had  previously  assumed  the  name 
and  arms  of  Vane.  His  second  marriage, 
to  Frances- Anne,  only  daughter  and  heiress 
of  Sir  Harry  Vane  Tempest  (by  Anne 
Countess  of  Antrim),  had  taken  place  on 
the  3rd  April  1819. 

The  immense  possessions  to  which  this 
lady  was  heiress,  together  with  the  fact  of 
her  being  a  ward  in  Chancery,  attracted, 
at  the  time,  a  great  degree  of  public  in- 
terest. The  responsibilities  devolved  upon 
Lord  Londonderry  by  the  management  of 
the  property  of  his  bride,  embracing  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  the  county  of  Durham, 
and  including  some  of  the  most  important 
coal-mines  in  the  country,  opened  a  new 
field  for  the  exercise  of  energies  which  the 
cessation  of  war  had  thrown  into  tempo- 
rary inaction.  His  lordship  applied  him- 
self with  a  vigorous  ^tivity,  which  formed 
one  of  his  characteristics,  to  the  develop- 
ment of  the  vast  resources  of  the  estates ; 
and  in  this  sphere  of  exertion  exhibited 
an  enterprise  and  sound  judgment,  the 
fruits  of  which  will  be  permanently  en- 
joyed by  his  successors.  Among  the  great 
works  of  improvement  which  Lord  Lon- 
donderry planned  and  carried  out  to  com- 
pletion, was  the  construction  of  Seaham 
harbour,  an  undertaking  almost  unprece- 
dented as  an  instance  of  private  enterprise, 
and  justly  accounted  amongst  the  wonders 
of  engineering  achievements.  It  was  com- 
pleted in  1847. 

The  Marquess  of  Londonderry  on  se- 
veral occasions  came  forward  as  an  author. 
In  1805  he  published  Suggestions  for  the 
Improvement  of  the  Force  of  the  British 
Empire  \  and  in  1828  A  Narrative  of  the 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol,  XLI. 


Peninsular  War,  1808—1813.  4to.  in 
which  he  is  believed  to  have  had  the  as- 
sistance of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gleig,  now  Chap- 
lain to  the  Forces.  More  recently  he 
conferred  an  important  boon  on  English 
history  by  the  publication  of  the  Corre- 
spondence of  his  brother,  Robert  Marquess 
of  Londonderry,  K.G. 

During  the  short  administration  of  Sir 
Robert  Peel  in  1835  the  Marquess  of  Lon- 
donderry was  nominated  for  Ambassador 
to  Russia ;  bat  some  difficulties  which 
arose,  upon  a  motion  of  Mr.  Shiel  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  occasioned  his  relin- 
quishment of  this  appointment. 

In  politics  Lord  Londonderry  was  always 
attached  to  the  Tory  party.  He  was  lat- 
terly a  strong  opponent  of  the  proposed 
abolition  of  the  Vice-Royalty  of  Ireland. 
He  had  formed  relations  of  intimacy  with 
the  present  Emperor  of  the  French  when 
an  exile  in  this  country,  and  effectually 
exerted  himself  to  mitigate  the  rigours  of 
Louis-Napoleon's  imprisonment  in  the  for- 
tress of  Ham.  In  return,  he  solicited,  and 
obtained,  from  Louis-Napoleon  the  release 
of  Abd-el-Kader. 

Lord  Stewart  was  nominated  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  10th  Hussars  on  the  3d  Feb. 
1830.  When  holding  that  appointment  he 
fought  a  duel  with  Mr.  Battier,  a  cornet 
in  the  regiment,  to  whose  complaints  of 
arrogant  and  contemptuous  conduct  in  his 
brother  officers  he  had  refused  to  attend. 
Subsequently,  in  1840,  in  consequence  of 
a  speech  which  he  had  made  in  the  House 
of  Lords,  he  was  challenged  by  Mr,  Henry 
Grattan,  M.P.  for  Meath  county,  and  again 
obeyed  the  call  of  honour. 

On  the  10th  Jan.  1837,  he  attained  the 
rank  of  G^eral  in  the  army ;  and  in  June, 
1843,  on  tiie  death  of  Earl  Cathcart,  he 
was  removed  to  the  command  of  the  2d 
Life  Guards.  In  1853,  during  the  short 
administration  of  the  Earl  of  Derby,  he 
was  decorated  with  the  insignia  of  the 
order  of  the  Garter,  which  had  become 
vacant  by  the  death  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington. 

The  Marquess  of  Londonderry  died  from 
the  effects  of  a  sudden  attack  of  influenza, 
which  proved  too  severe  for  a  constitution 
already  weakened  by  the  natural  decay  of 
age.  His  death  was  free  from  pain,  and 
his  last  moments  were  solaced  by  the  pre- 
sence  of  nearly  all  the  members  of  his 
family,  including  his  youngest  daughter, 
and  his  sister  Viscountess  Hardinge. 

On  the  evening  of  Monday,  March  13, 
his  body  was  removed  from  Holdemesse 
House  to  the  terminus  of  the  Great  North- 
em  Railway  at  King's  Cross,  preparatory 
to  its  conveyance  to  the  North.  His 
three  sons  and  other  relatives  attended. 
The  officers  and  men  of  the  2d  Life  Guards 

3H 


418       Viscount  Nettermlle. — Dr.  Denison,  Bp.  of  Salishui*y.  [April, 


haying  expressed  a  desire  to  pay  their  last 
tribute  of  respect  to  their  Colonel,  at- 
tended at  the  station  as  a  guard  of  honour. 
On  the  arrival  of  the  hearse  within  the 
station,  the  band  of  the  regiment  com- 
menced playing  the  "  Dead  March  in  Saul," 
which  was  continued  during  the  time  oc- 
cupied in  placing  the  hearse  upon  a  tra- 
Telling  truck.  On  the  Wednesday  the 
body  lay  in  state  at  Wynyard ;  and  the 
funeral  took  place  at  Long  Newton  on 
Thursday,  March  16.  All  the  arrange- 
ments were  of  an  unostentatious  character, 
but  there  was  a  large  attendance  from  the 
neighbourhood.  The  chief  mourners  were 
the  Marquess  of  Londonderry,  Earl  Vane, 
Lord  Adolphus  Vane,  and  the  Earl  of 
Portarlington.  The  pallbearers  were,  the 
Duke  of  Cleveland,  Lord  Hatherton,  the 
Earl  of  Roden,  Colonel  Sir  Henry  Browne, 
and  Colonel  M'Douall  and  Colonel  Wil- 
liams, of  the  2d  Life  Guards.  The  Mar- 
chioness of  Londonderry,  her  daughters, 
and  other  relatives,  were  present.  The 
burial  service  was  read  by  the  Rev.  T. 
Hart  Dyke,  the  Rector  of  Long  Newton. 

The  Marquess  of  Londonderry's  first 
marriage  took  place  on  the  8th  Aug.  1804, 
with  the  Lady  Catharine  Bligh,  fourth 
daughter  of  John  third  Earl  of  Darnley. 
This  lady,  whose  only  child  was  Frederick- 
William- Robert,  the  present  Marquess, 
died  on  the  1 1th  Feb.  1812.  By  his  second 
wife,  already  mentioned,  the  Marquess  had 
further  issue  three  sons  and  four  daughters : 
2.  George -Henry -Robert -Charles,  now 
Earl  Vane ;  3.  Frances- Anne-Emily,  mar- 
ried in  1843  to  the  Marquess  of  Bland- 
ford,  and  has  issue;  4.  Alexandrina-Oc- 
tavia-Maria,  married  in  1847  to  the  Earl 
of  Portarlington ;  5.  Lord  AdQlphus-Fre- 
derick-Charles- William  Vane,  Captain  in 
the  Scots  Fusilier  Guards,  and  late  M.P. 
for  the  city  of  Durham ;  6.  Lady  Uya- 
cintha- Sophia- Henrietta -Charlotte,  who 
died  an  infant  in  1827  ;  7.  Lady  Adelaide- 
Emelina-Caroline,  (to  whom  King  Wil- 
liam IV.  and  Queen  Adelaide  stood  sponsors 
in  1831,)  married  in  1852  to  the  Rev.  H. 
Law;  8.  Lord  Ernest- M'Donnell  Vane, 
Ensign  in  the  57th  Foot. 

The  present  Marquess,  who  has  been 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  county  of  Down 
from  the  year  1845,  and  has  sat  for  that 
county  in  the  present  parliament,  married 
in  1846  the  dowager  Viscountess  Powers- 
court,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Roden, 
but  has  no  issue. 

Earl  Vane,  who  has  sat  in  the  present 
parliament  for  North  Durham,  married  in 
J 840*  Mary-Cornelia,  only  daughter  of  Sir 
John  Edwards,  Bart,  and  has  issue  a  son 
and  heir,  now  Lord  Viscount  Seaham, 
born  in  1852. 


Viscount  Nbttbrtills. 

Feb,  13.  At  his  residence  in  Pembroke* 
place,  Dublin,  after  a  long  illness,  aged  80* 
the  Right  Hon.  James  NettenriUe,  serenth 
Viscount  NettenriUe,  of  Dontb,  co.  Meath 
(1622). 

Lord  Netterville  waa  bom  ia  1773,  at 
Newbrook  house,  co.  Mayo,  the  son  and 
heir  of  Nicholas  Netterville,  eiq.  by 
Bridget,  daughter  of  Bartholomew  Friench, 
esq.  of  Ballykenean. 

The  NettenriUe  peerage  feU  into  abey- 
ance on  the  decease  of  John  the  nxm 
Viscount  NettenriUe,  who  died  on  the  15th 
of  March,  1826.  He  was  the  Ust  male 
descendant  of  the  eldest  son  -of  the  first 
Viscount.  The  dignity  was  claimed  by 
the  subject  of  this  notice,  who  was  de- 
scended from  the  third  son  of  the  first 
Viscount,  and  the  House  of  Lords  came 
to  a  resolution  that  he  had  made  out  hit 
right,  on  the  14th  of  August  1834. 

His  Lordship  married,  on  the  7th  April, 
1834,  EUza,  third  daughter  of  Joseph 
Kirwan,  esq.  of  HUlsbrook,  co.  Gal  way, 
and  by  that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he 
has  left  issue  two  daughters:  1.  the  Hon. 
Elizabeth-GuiendoUne-Theodora,  and  2. 
the  Hon.  Mary-Reddis-Bridget- Ellen. 

The  peerage  again  becomes  dormant, 
but  it  is  announced  that  it  will  again  be 
claimed  by  a  collateral  heir. 

Dr.  Denison,  Bp.  op  Salisbury. 

March  G.  At  Salisbury,  aged  53,  the 
Right  Rev.  Edward  Denison,  D.D.  Lord 
Bishop  of  SaUsbury. 

Dr.  Denison  was  bom  in  1801,  in 
Harley-street,  Marylebone,  the  second  son 
of  John  Denison,  esq.  of  Ossington,  ca 
Nottingham,  sometime  M.P.  for  Chi- 
chester and  Minehead,  by  his  second  wUh 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  Samuel  Estwicky 
esq.  M.P.  for  Westbury.  His  father  waa 
originally  Mr.  John  Wilkinson,  a  merchaiit 
of  London,  first-cousin  to  Mr.  WilUam 
Denison,  of  Kirkgate,  Leeds,  who  left  him 
the  bulk  of  his  property,  on  condition  of 
his  assuming  the  name  of  Denison,  and 
continuing  the  business  which  Mr.  Deni* 
son  had  carried  on  in  Leeds.  This  he  did 
in  conjunction  with  his  brother,  to  whom 
Mr.  Denison  also  bequeathed  a  consider- 
able property.  The  Bishop's  elder  brother 
is  John  Evelyn  Denison,  esq.  sometime  a 
Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  and  M.P.  for  South 
Nottinghamshire,  who  married  Lady  Char- 
lotte Bentinck,  daughter  of  the  Duke  of 
Portland  ;  and  his  next  brothers  are  Sir 
William  Thomas  Denison,  Knt.  Lient.- 
Govemor  of  Van  Diemen'a  Land,  and  the 
Ven.  George  Anthony  Denison,  M.A. 
Archdeacon  of  Taunton. 

He  was  educsted  at  Oriel  college,  Qs« 
ford,  and  was  placed  in  the  flrrt  dait  of 


1854.]      Obituary. — Dr.  Denison,  Bishop  of  Salisbury. 


419 


Liters  Humaniores  at  the  examination 
of  Easter  Term,  1822.  In  1896  be  was 
elected  to  a  fellowship  at  Merton  college ; 
and  he  then  succeeded  to  the  vicarage  of 
St.  Peter's-in-the-East,  Oxford,  a  small 
college  living,  where  he  remained  up'  to 
his  appointment,  in  March  1837,  to  the  see 
of  Salisbury,  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-six. 

"  Dr.  Denison  had  acquired  considerable 
reputation  while  filling  the  office  of  Select 
Preacher  before  the  University,  though 
his  parochial  experience  had  been  confined 
to  a  small  parish  in  Oxford,  where  he 
worked  with  remarkable  success.  He  was, 
however,  at  this  time  a  resident  Fellow, 
and  he  carried  into  the  episcopate  some- 
what of  the  retiring  habits  of  a  scholar. 
The  change  was  a  sudden  one — literally 
from  the  cloister  to  the  palace ;  but  Dr. 
Denison  took  with  him  a  very  amiable 
temper,  refined  manners,  an  accomplished 
tone  of  mind,  diligence  in  business,  and 
perfect  integrity  of  purpose.  A  constitu- 
tional timidity  prevented  him  from  doing 
entire  justice  either  to  himself  or  to  the 
principles  which  he  is  known  to  have 
maintained.  He  was  well  known  as  a 
fisivourer  of  the  revival  of  the  Church's 
synodical  powers  ;  and  in  the  recent  ses- 
sion of  convocation  he  displayed  consider- 
able resolution  in  furthering  the  move- 
ment. His  patronage  was  fairly  and 
impartially  bestowed  ;  and  in  all  practical 
works — schools,  and  the  like — his  admi- 
nistrative powers  shone.  To  the  city  of 
Salisbury  his  loss  will  be  a  personal  one. 
He  was  a  resident  Bishop ;  and  he  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  hospitality  as  well  to 
school-children  as  to  county  magnates. 
During  the  visitation  of  the  cholera,  his 
personal  attentions  were  freely  given  to 
the  sick.  On  the  whole,  if  England  has 
had  greater  prelates  than  Bishop  Denison, 
we  may  speak  of  him  as  one  eminently 
possessed  of  singleness  of  purpose,  clear- 
ness of  judgment,  amiability  of  temper, 
and  diligence  in  administration.  In  poli- 
tics he  was  a  Whig,  but  he  seldom  spoke 
in  Parliament.  The  last  occasion  which 
we  remember  was  when  he  triumphantly 
vindicated  himself  from  a  groundless 
charge  of  appropriating  to  his  income 
more  than  the  legislature  had  sanctioned." 
^-Morning  Chronicle. 

*'  Sincere  in  his  convictions,  but  tolerant 
towards  those  who  diflFered  from  him ; 
zealous  for  the  truth,  but  charitable  in 
regard  to  those  whom  he  believed  to  be 
in  error ;  dispensing  his  benevolence  with 
a  large  and  liberal  hand  ;  a  secret  bene- 
factor to  numbers  who  never  knew  the 
source  of  the  bounty  of  which  they  were 
the  recipients;  thoughtful,  patient,  and 
considerate  in  investigating  the  claims  of 
the  destitcde,  and  kind,  delicate,  and  ju- 


dicious in  relieving  then*  wants ;  an  active 
promoter  of  any  and  every  undertaking 
that  held  out  the  promise  either  of  utility 
or  beneficence  ; — it  must  be  confessed  that 
the  late  Bishop's  fulfilment  of  the  func- 
tions of  his  sacred  office  was  marked  by  a 
constant  and  conscientious  sense  of  duty, 
and  by  an  earnest  endeavour  to  accomplish 
the  utmost  possible  amount  of  good  within 
the  limit  of  his  ability  and  means.  It  says 
much  for  his  character  and  worth  that  hie 
was  held  in  the  highest  estimation  by  those 
who  were  most  frequently  brought  into 
familiar  intercourse  with  him,  and  that 
the  truest  respect  is  felt  for  his  memory, 
both  by  churchmen  and  dissenters  in  his 
own  cathedral  city.  The  last  act  of  his 
public  life  was  to  preside  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Church  Missionary  Society,  and  the 
last  incident  in  his  private  life  was  the 
testifying  his  affection  for  one  of  his  kins- 
men, on  the  eve  of  embarcation  for  a  distant 
Und,'*— Salisbury  Herald, 

The  following  is  a  list  of  Bishop  Deni- 
son's  publications : — 

The  Sin  of  causing  Offences :  a  Sermon. 
Oxford,  1835.    8vo. 

A  Review  of  the  state  of  the  question 
respecting  the  admission  of  Dissenters  to 
the  Universities.    London,  1835.    8vo. 

Sermons.     Oxford,  1836.    8vo. 

The  Church  the  Teacher  of  her  Children : 
a  Sermon.     Oxford,  1839.    8vo. 

The  obligations  of  the  Clergy  in  preach- 
ing the  Word  of  God  :  a  Charge.     1842. 

A  Charge  in  Sept.  1842. 

The  Inward  Call :  a  Charge  to  Candi- 
dates for  Holy  Orders.    1843.    8vo. 

Obedience  to  the  Law  of  God  the  end 
of  Education  :  a  Sermon  on  the  opening 
of  the  School  at  Marlborough.  1843.  8vo. 

A  Charge.     1845. 

Brotherly  Love  and  Loyalty  :  a  Sermon 
preached  at  a  meeting  of  the  Wiltshire 
Friendly  Society.    1848. 

Sorrow  and  Consolation :  a  Sermon 
preached  Easter  Day,  1850,  after  the 
funeral  of  the  Very  Rev.  F.  Lear.  Salis- 
bury, 1850.    8vo. 

Difficulties  in  the  Church :  a  Sermon. 
1853.     8vo. 

Speech  in  the  House  of  Lords,  June  25, 
1853  (relative  to  the  charge  of  having  re- 
ceived more  than  the  legitimate  income  of 
his  See).    1853.    8vo. 

His  death  ensued  after  a  short  illness. 
On  the  28th  Feb.  he  went  to  Portsmouth, 
where  he  caught  cold,  which  cold,  shortly 
after  his  return,  supervening  on  a  morbid 
condition  of  the  liver,  induced  a  complete 
derangement  of  the  biliary  functions,  ter- 
minating in  black  jaundice.  On  Friday 
and  Saturday  an  apparent  change  for  the 
better  took  place,  and  hopes  were  enter- 
tained of  his  recovery;  but  on  Sunday 


420    Obituary. —  Vice-Adm.  Poulett. — Han.  J.  H.  Wallace.    [ Apri!, 


symptoms  of  an  unfavourable  character 
manifested  themselves,  and  from  that  time 
he  continued  to  sink  until  Monday  evening, 
when  he  breathed  his  last. 

His  funeral  took  place  on  Wednesday 
the  15th  of  March,  when  his  body  was 
consigned  to  the  vault  in  which  that  of  his 
first  wife  was  laid  in  the  cloisters  of  the 
cathedral.  The  procession  quitted  the 
palace  between  12  and  1,  and  was  met  at 
the  west  door  of  the  building  by  the  dean, 
canons,  prebendaries,  and  choristers,  who 
preceded  the  corpse  to  the  choir,  chanting 
the  introduclory  passages  of  the  buriid 
service.  On  quitting  the  sacred  building 
Beethoven's  Funeral  March  was  played 
upon  the  organ  with  impressive  effect. 
Besides  the  widow,  two  orphan  children, 
and  brothers  of  the  deceased,  a  large  num- 
ber of  his  personal  friends,  as  well  as  the 
domestics  of  his  household,  followed  his 
body  to  the  grave.  The  pallbearers  were 
— Earl  Nelson,  Lord  Bruce,  the  Right 
Hon.  Sidney  Herbert,  M.P.,  Major-Gen. 
Buckley.  M.P.,  Mr.  H.  W.  Heneage,  M.R, 
Mr.  J.  Floycr,  M.P.,  Mr.  H.  C.  Sturt, 
and  Mr.  Williams.  Upwards  of  150  of 
the  clergy  of  the  diocese,  from  far  and 
near,  attended  to  pay  their  last  tribute  of 
respect.  The  bells  of  the  city  churches 
tolled  at  intervals  throughout  the  day,  and 
there  was  a  general  suspension  of  business 
on  the  part  of  the  tradesmen. 

The  Bishop  was  twice  married  ;  first 
June  97,  1839,  to  Louisa-Mary,  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Henry  Ker  Seymer, 
esq.  of  Stanford  House,  co.  Dorset,  who 
left  him  a  widower,  Sept.  23,  1841  ;  and 
secondly  July  10,  1845,  to  the  Hon.  Cle- 
mentina B^lHe- Hamilton,  late  Maid  of 
Honour  to  the  Queen,  fourth  and  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  Yen.  Charles  Baillie- 
Hamilton,  Archdeacon  of  Cleveland,  and 
cousin  to  the  Earl  of  Haddington.  This 
lady  sun-ivcs  him,  without  issue.  By  the 
former  he  has  left  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

Vice-Adm.  the  Hon.  Gkorge  Poulett. 

Feb.  11.  In  his  68th  year,  the  Hon. 
George  Poulett,  Vice- Admiral  of  the  White, 
brother  to  Earl  Poulett  and  the  Duchess 
of  Cleveland. 

Admiral  Poulett  was  born  on  the  10th 
May,  178G,  the  second  son  of  John  the 
fourth  Earl  Poulett,  by  his  first  wife 
Sophia,  daughter  and  heir  of  Admiral  Sir 
George  Pocock,  K.B. 

He  entered  the  navy  Aug.  2,  1797,  on 
board  the  Princess  Augusta  yacht,  lying 
in  the  river  Thames ;  served  in  the  Cliannel 
as  midshipman  of  the  San  Fiorenzo  36, 
Malta  80,  and  Lark  sloop,  until  made  Lieu- 
tenant April  3,  1804.  On  the  I6th  July 
following  he  was  appointed  to  the  Mon- 
mouth 64,  bearing  the  flag  of  Rear-A(Un. 


T.  M.  Russell  at  Yarmouth;  in  March, 
1805,  to  the  Valorous;  and  in  June  follow- 
ing to  the  Royal  Sovereign.  He  attained 
the  rank  of  Commander  Oct.  12,  1805  ; 
and  was  appointed  Jan.  14,  1806,  to  the 
Orestes  sloop,  employed  in  the  North  Set. 
He  was  posted  July  31  in  the  same  year ; 
and  from  Nov.  1807  to  April  1810  was 
employed  on  the  Home  station  in  the 
Quebec  32. 

On  the  24th  July,  1827,  he  became  flag- 
Captain,  in  the  Prince  Regent  120,  to  the 
Hon.  Sir  Henry  Blackwood,  Commander- 
in-Chief  at  the  Nore,  where  he  remained 
until  July  1830.  In  August  of  that  year 
he  was  nominated  a  Naval  Aide-de-Camp 
to  King  William  the  Fourth,  and,  having 
been  continued  in  that  appointment  to  her 
present  Majesty,  he  retained  it  until  made 
a  Rear- Admiral  Nov.  23,  1841.  He  had 
been  previously  appointed  Receiver-general 
of  the  Land  and  Assessed  Taxes  in  Somer- 
setshire. He  attained  the  rank  of  Vice- 
Admiral  in  1852. 

Being  on  a  visit  to  Colonel  Wyndham, 
at  his  hunting-lodge,  Drove  House,  near 
Singleton,  Sussex,  Admiral  Poulett  rode 
out  with  Uie  hounds  on  Friday,  the  10th 
Feb.  He  appeared  in  his  ordinary  health 
in  the  earlier  part  of  the  day;  but,  while 
the  hounds  were  running  near  West  Mar- 
den,  on  the  South  Downs,  he  was  seen 
suddenly  to  fall  from  his  horse.  A  gentle- 
man riding  near  him  instantly  dismounted 
and  went  to  his  assistance,  but  found  that 
the  vital  spark  had  already  fled.  A  sud- 
den apoplectic  seizure  was  the  immediate 
cause  of  death,  and  a  verdict  in  accordance 
with  the  circumstances  was  returned. 

Admiral  Poulett  married,  Dec.  9, 1811, 
Catharine  Sophia,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir 
George  Dallas,  Bart,  and  was  left  a 
widower  on  the  11  th  April,  1831.  They 
had  issue  four  sons  and  one  daughter;  of 
whom  the  only  survivor  is  Capt.  WilUam 
Henry  Poulett,  of  the  22d  Foot,  who  it 
married,  and  has  issue.  The  eldest  son, 
George,  who  was  a  Captain  in  the  54th 
regiment,  died  in  1850 ;  and  the  86cond, 
Henry- Vane- Ashton,  in  1845. 

Hon.  Jambs  Hops  Wallacb. 

Jan.  7.  At  Featherstone  Castle,  North- 
umberland, aged  46,  the  Hon.  James  Hope 
Wallace,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  linlith* 
gowshire,  uncle  to  the  Earl  of  Hopetonn* 

He  was  bom  at  Rankeillour,  co.  Fife, 
on  the  7th  June,  1807,  the  second  son  of 
John  the  fourth  Earl,  by  his  second  wife 
Louisa-Dorothea,  third  daughter  of  Sir 
John  Wedderbum,  of  Balindean,  Bart. 

He  served  for  some  time  in  the  Cold- 
stream Guards,  in  which  he  became  Cap* 
tain  and  Lieut-Colonel  in  1837,  and  retired 
in  1843.    He  succeeded  to  hit  ettatai  Iq 


1854.]  Sir  J.  Strachan.—Sir  T.  Pilkington^^Sir  H.  Peyton.     421 

Yeomanry  Cavalry  in  1852,  but  resigned 
in  1853 ;  and  in  the  latter  year  was  ap- 
pointed a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the  West 
Riding. 

Haying  died  unmarried,  be  is  succeeded 
by  his  next  brotheri  now  Sir  William 
Melbourne  Swinnerton  Pilkington.  Sir 
William,  who  has  hitherto  enjoyed  the 
Chevet  estates,  now  relinqdlshes  them, 
according  to  his  father's  will,  to  his 
younger  brother,  Lionel  Pilkington,  esq. 


Northumberland  in  1844,  by  the  will  of 
Thomas  Lord  Wallace,  whose  wife  Jane 
dowager  Viscountess  Melville  was  one  of 
his  aunts,  being  the  sixth  daughter  of 
John  second  Earl  of  Hopetoun  (see  the 
memoir  of  Lord  Wallace  in  our  Magazine 
for  April,  1844). 

At  the  general  election  of  1835  he  was 
returned  to  Parliament  for  the  county  of 
Linlithgow ;  and  again  in  1837,  after  a 
contest  with  the  Hon.  Robert  Fulke  Gre- 
ville,  whom  he  defeated  by  329  votes  to 
191 .  In  June,  1838,  he  retired  from  Par- 
liament by  accepting  the  stewardship  of 
the  Chiltem  Hundreds. 

He  married,  March  4,  1837,  Lady  Mary 
Frances  Nugent,  youngest  daughter  of 
George- Frederick  seventh  Earl  of  West- 
meath,  and  sister  to  the  present  Marquess; 
and  by  that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he 
has  left  issue  three  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. His  son  and  heir,  John-George- 
Frederick,  was  bom  in  1839. 


Sir  John  Strachan,  Bart. 

Jan,  28.  At  his  residence,  Cliffden, 
Teignmoutb,  after  a  long  and  severe  illness. 
Sir  John  Strachan,  of  Thornton,  co.  Stir- 
ling, the  8th  Baronet  (of  Nova  Scotia  1625). 

He  was  born  at  Montrose,  and  was  the 
son  and  heir  of  Sir  John  Strachan  the 
seventh  Baronet,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  David  Hunter,  esq.  of  Blackness,  co. 
Forfar. 

His  father  was  served  the  nearest  heir- 
male  general  of  Sir  Alexander  Strachan  the 
first  Baronet,  in  the  year  1841,  after  the  title 
had  lain  dormant  for  thirteen  years,  from 
the  decease  of  Sir  Richard  Strachan,  G.C.B., 
the  distinguished  Admiral,  who  died  in 
1828.  Sir  John  died  June  9th,  1844  ;  and 
was  succeeded  by  the  gentleman  now  de- 
ceased, who  was  one  of  the  Gentleman 
Ushers  Quarterly  Waiters  in  ordinary  to 
her  Majesty. 

Sir  John  Strachan  married  Mary  Anne, 
daughter  of  Isaac  Elton,  esq.  of  Stapleton 
House,  CO.  Gloucester,  and  Whitestaunton 
House,  Somerset;  but  had  no  issue. 


Sir  Thomas  Pilkinoton,  Bart. 

Feb,  7,  At  Funchal,  Madeira,  in  his 
25th  year.  Sir  Thomas  Edward  Pilkington, 
of  Cbevet  hall,  Yorkshire,  the  9th  Baronet 
(of  Nova  Scotia  1635),  a  magistrate  and 
Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the  West  Riding. 

He  was  born  at  Chevet  hall  in  1829, 
the  eldest  son  of  Sir  William  the  8th 
Baronet,  by  Mary,  second  daughter  and 
coheir  of  the  late  Thomas  Swinnerton,  esq. 
of  Butterton  hall,  Staffordshire,  and  Wo- 
nastow  Court,  co.  Monmouth.  He  suc- 
ceeded to  the  baronetcy  on  the  death  of 
his  father,  October  8,  1850.  He  was  ap- 
pointed a  Captain  in  the  West  Riding 


Sir  Henry  Peyton,  Bart.  . 

Feb.  24»  At  Swift's  House,  near  Bi- 
cester, aged  74,  Sir  Henry  Peyton,  the 
second  Bart.  (1776),  of  Doddington,  co. 
Cambridge. 

He  was  born  on  the  Ist  July,  1779,  at 
Narborough  hall,  near  Swaffham,  Norfolk, 
the  elder  son  of  Sir  Henry  Dashwood  the 
first  Baronet  of  the  creation  of  1776, 
by  Frances,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Rous,  Bart,  of  Henham  hall,  co.  Suffolk, 
and  sister  to  John  first  Earl  of  Stradbroke. 

The  family  is  a  junior  branch  of  the 
Dashwoods  of  Kirtlington,  co.  Oxford, 
advanced  to  a  Baronetcy  in  1684 ;  and  ib 
doubly  descended  from  the  Peytons,through 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  Sewster  Peyton, 
the  wife  of  the  grandfather  of  the  subject 
of  this  notice;  and  through  Algernina, 
daughter  of  Sir  Algernon  Peyton,  the  wife 
of  his  great-grandfather.  Sir  Algernon 
Peyton,  of  Doddington,  descended  from  a 
junior  branch  of  the  Peytons,  of  Isleham, 
in  the  same  county,  also  Baronets,  of  the 
first  creation  in  IGll,  was  advanced  to  a 
Baronetcy  in  1666-7.  On  the  death  of  his 
grandson  the  third  Baronet  in  1771,  that 
creation  became  extinct,  and  hig  nephew 
Henry  Dashwood,  esq.  (father  of  the 
subject  of  this  notice)  assumed  the  name 
of  Peyton  and  was  created  a  Baronet  in 
1776. 

Whilst  still  a  minor.  Sir  Henry  suc- 
ceeded to  the  baronetcy  in  May,  1789.  His 
father  died  one  of  the  members  in  parlia- 
ment for  the  county  of  Cambridge,  which 
he  had  represented  from  the  year  1782 ; 
and  on  the  death  of  General  Adeane  in 
1802  the  friends  of  Sir  Henry  looked  to 
him  to  occupy  the  same  position.  He  was 
successful,  after  an  arduous  contest  of  five 
days,  the  number  of  votes  polled  being, 
for  Sir  Henry  Peyton,  1592:  for  Lord 
Charles  Somerset  Manners,  1500 :  but  at 
the  general  election,  two  months  after- 
wards. Sir  Henry  was  not  a  candidate,  and 
he  was  not  again  a  member  of  the  senate. 

He  was  best  known  in  London  as  a 
member  of  the  old  Four-in-Hand  Club  ; 
and,  with  the  exception  of  another  Cam- 
bridgeshire Baronet,  he  was  considered 
the  first  amateur  whip  in  England. 

Sir  Henry  Peyton  married  July  8, 1803, 


422 


OBiTUARY.^-5ir  Ralph  Lopes^  Bart,, 


[April, 


Harriet^  danghter  of  Thomas  Fitzhtigh, 
esq.  and  widow  of  James  Bradshaw,  esq. 
of  Portland- place;  and  by  that  lady  he 
had  two  sons,  Sir  Henry,  his  successor, 
and  Algernon,  who  died  in  1806,  aged 
sixteen  months.  The  present  Baronet  was 
bom  in  1804,  and  married  in  1837  Geor- 
giana,  third  daughter  of  Christopher  Be* 
thell  Codrington,  esq.  of  Doddington  Park, 
CO.  Olouc.  by  which  he  has  issue  one  sur- 
viving son,  Algernon,  a  Comet  in  the 
First  Life  Guards. 

His  body  was  intered  in  the  femily  vault 
at  Doddington,  on  the  3rd  March. 


Sir  Ralph  Lopes,  Bart. 

Jan.  23.  At  Maristowe,  near  Plymouth, 
aged  66,  Sir  Ralph  Lopes,  the  second 
Baronet  (1805)  of  Maristowe  House,  co. 
Devon,  and  of  Westbury,  Wilts,  M.P.  for 
South  Devonshire,  a  magistrate  and  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  DevonsMre  and  Wiltshire, 
and  a  Deputy  Warden  of  the  Stannaries. 

He  was  bom  on  the  10th  Sept.  1788, 
the  only  son  of  Abraham  Franco,  esq.  of 
London,  merchant,  by  Esther,  daughter 
of  Mordecai  Rodrigues  Lopes,  esq.  of 
CUpham,  co.  Surrey,  son  of  Abraham 
Lopes,  of  Jamaica.  On  the  death,  March 
26,  1831,  of  his  uncle  Sir  Manasseh 
Masseh  Lopes,  sometime  M.P.  for  Bam-* 
staple,  Grampound,  and  Westbury,  (on 
whom  the  Baronetcy  had  been  conferred 
with  a  special  remainder,)  he  succeeded  to 
the  title  and  estates,  and  by  royal  licence 
granted  in  May  following  he  assumed  the 
surname  and  arms  of  Lopes.  (See  a  me- 
moir of  him  in  our  Magazine  for  May, 
1831.) 

He  received  his  education  at  Winchester 
college,  and  at  Brazenose  college,  Oxford, 
where  he  graduated  in  [honours,  B.A. 
April  24, 1811. 

He  was  elected  to  Parliament  in  1816, 
and  again  in  1818,  for  the  borough  of  West- 
bury, which  he  continued  to  represent 
until  the  dissolution  in  1 8S0.  His  uncle  Sir 
Manasseh  was  afterwards  himself  member 
for  the  borough,  and  resigned  in  favour  of 
Sir  Robert  Peel  in  1829,  on  the  memorable 
expulsion  of  the  latter  from  the  representa- 
tion of  the  University  of  Oxford.  Mr. 
Franco  again  sat  for  Westbury  in  the  (last 
unreformed)  parliament  of  1831.  When 
the  borough  was  reduced  to  one  member 
he  was  elected,  without  opposition,  its 
sole  representative,  in  1832,  and  again  in 
1835.  In  1837  he  was  opposed,  and  de- 
feated, by  John  Ivatt  Briscoe,  esq.  (previ- 
ously member  for  East  Surrey),  the  latter 
Foiling  98  votes,  and  Sir  Ralph  Lopes  76. 
n  1841  Sir  Ralph's  election  was  unop- 
posed, but  in  1847  he  was  not  a  candidate. 
He  always  supported  the  Conservative 
party. 


He  was  appointed  Special  Deputy  War- 
den of  the  Stannaries  in  1852. 

Sir  Ralph  Lopes  married.  May  8, 181 7» 
Susan -Gibbs,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Abraham  Ludlow,  esq.  of  Hey  wood  House, 
Wilts,  by  whom  he  had  issue  (with  three 
others  who  died  in  infancy)  four  eons  : 
1.  Sir  Lopes  Masseh,  his  successor;  2. 
Ralph-Ludlow  Lopes,  esq.  M.A.  of  Christ 
church,  Oxford,  and  a  barrister-at-law,  who 
married  in  1851  Elizabeth,  third  daughter 
of  S.  T.  Kekewich,  esq.  of  Peamore,  co. 
Devon,  and  has  issue ;  3.  Henry-Charles, 
B.A.  of  Balliol  college,  Oxford,  and  bar- 
rister-at-law ;  4.  Edmund-Francis,  of 
Oriel  college,  Oxford. 

The  present  Baronet,  Sir  Lopes  Masseh 
Lopes,  was  bora  in  1818,  and  is  unmarried* 
He  was  of  Oriel  college,  Oxford,  M.A. 
1845,  and  appointed  a  Captain  in  the  2d 
Devon  militia  in  1853.  He  was  an  unsnc- 
cessfal  candidate  for  Westbury  at  the  last 
election. 

The  funeral  of  Sir  Ralph  Franco  took 
place  at  Bickleigh  church  on  the  2d  March, 
attended  by  the  present  Baronet  and  his 
brothers,  and  manv  other  relatives  and 
friends.  The  pall-bearers  were  Sir  J.  Y. 
Buller,  Sir  A.  Buller,  Mr.  Kekewich,  Mr. 
Strode,  Mr.  E.  Clark,  Mr.  Gregory,  Mr. 
Follett,  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Hawker. 

The  will  of  Sir  Ralph  Lopes  has  been 
proved  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canter- 
bury, by  Sir  Masseh  Lopes,  Bart,  Ralph 
Ludlow  Lopes,  esq.  Henry  G.  G.  Ludlow, 
esq.  Robert  Bailey  Follett,  esq.  and  Ed- 
ward Archer,  esq.  the  executors.  The 
personal  estate  within  the  diocese  was 
sworn  under  180,000/.  The  Maristowe 
and  all  the  Devonshire  estates  and  the 
Westbury  property  descend  to  the  present 
Baronet.  The  Somersetshire  estates,  partly 
under  the  will  of  the  first  Baronet  and 
partly  under  the  testator^s  will,  become 
the  absolute  property  of  Mr.  Ralph  Lopes. 
The  bequests  are  numerous,  and  the  hand 
which  was  always  ready  during  life,  unos- 
tentatiously but  munificently,  to  subscribe 
to  the  wants  and  necessities  of  others, 
and  to  seek  objects  for  its  bounty,  is  not 
inactive  after  death  ;  for,  by  the  will,  pro- 
vision is  made  for  the  poor  of  every  parish 
in  which  his  extensive  Devonshire  estates 
are  situated.  Amongst  the  bequests  are : 
— to  the  poor  of  the  parish  of  Bickleigh, 
500/. ;  of  Shaugh,  500/. ;  of  Tamerton 
FolUott,  500/. ;  of  Walkhampton,  500/.  ; 
of  Buckland,  500/. ;  of  Sheepstor,  300/. ; 
of  Mcavey,  300/.  To  the  poor  widows  in 
the  Widows'  house,  at  Tamerton,  8/.  a-year 
for  ever.  These  moneys  are  directed  to  be 
invested  in  Government  securities,  in  the 
names  of  the  owner  of  the  Maristowe  es- 
tates for  the  time  being,  with  any  other 
person  whoin  he  may  appoint,  and  the 


1854.]     Sir  J.  E.  Home.— Sir  W,  BaiUie.^Sir  J,  Convoy.        42S 


Incumbent  of  the  respective  parishes  ;  the 
selection  of  the  objects  of  the  testator's 
bounty  to  be  with  the  owner  of  Maris- 
towe,  but,  as  far  as  circumstances  will  per- 
mit, he  is  to  select  in  such  a  manner  *'  as 
may  for  the  time  being  seem  most  likely 
to  encourage  among  the  persons  intended 
to  be  beneSted  thereby,  habits  of  industry, 
providence,  and  honourable  self-reliance." 
The  sum  of  1,000/.  is  also  left  for  the  aug- 
mentation of  the  vicarage  of  Walkhamp- 
ton.  All  these  bequests  are  free  of  legacy 
duty.  The  testator  had,  during  life,  rebuilt 
the  church  of  Bickleigh,  and  made  mu- 
nificent donations  to  the  charitable  insti- 
tutions of  this  county,  as  well  as  many  in 
the  metropolis. 


Capt.  Sir  J  as.  Everard  Home,  Bart. 

Nov,  2.  At  Sydney,  aged  55,  Capt. 
Sir  James  Everard  Home,  the  second  Bart. 
(1813),  C.B.,  commanding  the  Calliope 
26,  and  senior  officer  on  the  Australian 
and  New  Zealand  station. 

He  was  born  on  the  25th  Oct.  1798,  the 
elder  son  of  Sir  Everard  Home,  V.P.R.S. 
and  F.S.A.  Serjeant  Surgeon  to  King 
George  the  Third,  who  was  created  a 
Baronet  in  1813,  by  Jane,  daughter  and 
coheiress  of  the  Rev.  James  Tunstall,  D.D. 
and  widow  of  Stephen  Thompson,  esq. 

He  entered  the  navy  April  10,  1810,  as 
a  midshipman  on  board  the  Euryalus 
frigate,  Capt.  G.  H.  L.  Dundas ;  and, 
having  sailed  to  the  Mediterranean,  was 
then  transferred,  in  Aug.  1812,  to  the 
Malta  80,  the  flag-ship  of  Sir  Benj.  Hallo- 
well,  with  whom  he  subsequently  served 
at  Cork  on  board  the  Tonnant  80.  He 
afterwards  joined  the  Sybille  frigate,  bear- 
ing the  Hag  of  Sir  Home  Popham ;  and, 
when  in  the  West  Indies,  was  promoted 
July  14,  1814,  to  a  lieutenancy  in  the 
Lame  20.  From  that  ship  he  was  removed 
to  the  Pique  36,  and  then  to  the  Helicon 
10,  on  the  Home  station ;  after  which  he 
was  promoted  to  Commander  Jan.  28, 
1822. 

He  succeeded  hid  father  as  Baronet  on 
the  31  St  August  1832. 

He  did  not  again  go  afloat  until  1834  ; 
on  the  1st  Feb.  in  which  year  he  assumed 
the  command  of  the  Racehorse  18,  then 
fitting  for  the  West  Indies.  She  took  an 
active  part  in  the  siege  of  Paria  in  1835, 
and  was  for  several  days  in  contest  with 
the  batteries  there,  in  company  with  a 
Brazilian  squadron.  Soon  after  she  had 
been  paid  ofi",  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Captain  Dec.  5,  1837. 

On  the  30th  August  1841,  he  was  ap- 
l)ointed  to  the  North  Star  26,  which  from 
that  time  until  the  summer  of  1846  was 
employed  on  the  East  India  station.  Dur- 
ing this  period  Sir  James  Everard  Home 


was  engaged  in  the  Chinese  war,  con- 
tributhdg  to  the  capture  of  WoosuQg  and 
Shanghae,  and  participating  in  the  o|^e- 
rations  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  for  which 
services  he  was  nominated  a  Companion 
of  the  Bath  Dec.  24,  1842. 

In  Dec.  1845,  when  senior  naval  officer 
at  New  Zealand,  he  originated  the  in- 
structions which  were  afterwards  adopted 
by  Capt.  Charles  Graham,  during  whose 
siege  of  the  stronghold  of  Kawiti  he  was 
entrusted  with  the  defence  of  a  pass 
situated  at  the  point  of  debarcation,  and 
behaved  with  unweared  attention,  zeal, 
and  exertion. 

He  was  more  recently  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  Calliope  26,  which  retutned 
to  Sydney  a  few  days  before  his  death  firom 
an  eight  months'  cruise,  her  captain  then 
suffering  from  the  effects  of  paralysis,  with 
which  he  was  seized  while  the  vessel  was 
off  the  coast  of  New  Zealand.  The  de- 
ceased officer  was  interred  at  the  Camper- 
down  Cemetery  on  the  4th,  with  the  usual 
naval  and  military  honours,  attended  by  the 
Governor  and  chief  officers  of  the  civil 
departments,  the  officers  and  crews  of  the 
Calliope,  Fantome,  and  Torch,  and  the 
military  officers  and  regiments  stationed 
there. 

Sir  Everard    Home    having  died  un- 
married, the  baronetcy  has  become  extinct. 


Sir  William  Baillie,  Bart. 

Jan.  28.  At  Perth,  aged  69,  Sir  Wil- 
liam Baillie,  of  Polkemmet,  co.  Linlithgow, 
Bart. 

Sir  William  BaUlie  was  bom  in  Edin- 
burgh, and  was  the  son  of  William  Baillie, 
esq.  sometime  a  lord  of  session  under  the 
title  of  Lord  Polkemmet,  by  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Sir  James  Colquhoun,  Bart, 
of  Luss.  He  was  created  a  Baronet  by 
patent  dated  Nov.  14,  1823. 

He  married,  April  25,  1815,  Mary- 
Lyon,'  youngest  daughter  of  James  Den- 
nistoun,  esq.  of  Colgrain,  co.  Dumbarton, 
coheir  to  her  mother  Margaret,  daughter 
of  Allan  Dreghorn  of  Blochairn ;  and  by 
that  lady  he  has  left  issue  five  sons :  1.  Sir 
William ;  2.  James-Dennistoun ;  3.  Robert ; 
4.  Thomas;  5.  John-Hope;  and  three 
daughters.  The  present  Baronet  was  bom 
in  1816,  and  sat  in  parliament  for  the 
county  of  Linlithgow  from  1845  to  1847. 


Sir  John  Conroy,  Bart. 
March  ...  At  his  residence.  Arbor- 
field,  near  Reading,  aged  67,  Sir  John 
Conroy,  Bart,  of  Llanbrynmair,  co.  Gla- 
morgan, Knight  Commander  of  Uie  Hano- 
verian Guelphic  order,  of  the  Portuguese 
order  of  the  Tower  and  Sword,  a  grand 


424        Obituary.— aS'iV  H.  M.  ElUoL^Sir  J.  Thompson.     [April, 


cross  of  St.  Bento  d' Avis  and  of  the  Sazoa 
order  of  Erastein,  a  Deputy  Lieatenant  of 
the  coanties  of  Berks  and  Montgomery, 
and  Colonel  of  the  Royal  Montgomeryshire 
Militia. 

Sir  John  Conroy  was  bom  at  Caerhyn 
in  Carnarvonshire,  on  the  21st  Oct.  1786. 
He  was  the  son  of  John  Ponsonby  Con- 
roy, esq.  of  Bettyfield,  co.  Roscommon,  a 
barrister-at-law,  by  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Francis  Vernon  Wilson,  esq.  of  Tally,  co. 
Longford. 

In  early  life  he  was  an  officer  of  the 
Royal  Artillery,  which  he  entered  in  1803, 
and  saw  some  service  during  the  war. 
He  attained  the  rank  of  Second  Captain 
March  13,  1811  ;  and  was  placed  on  re- 
tired half.pay  June  17,  1822. 

He  first  became  attached  to  the  House- 
hold of  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Kent  as 
Equerry  :  and  after  his  Royal  Highness's 
death  he  was  for  many  years  Comptroller 
of  the  Household  to  the  widowed  Duchess. 
On  the  accession  of  her  present  Majesty 
to  the  throne  he  retired  from  that  office, 
being  assigned  a  pension  of  3,000/.  per 
ann.,  with  the  dignity  of  a  Baronet,  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  patent,  dated  26  June, 
1837.  He  had  previously,  in  1827,  been 
nominated  a  Knight  Commander  of  the 
Hanoverian  Guelphic  order ;  and  he  also 
received  the  ribbons  of  several  foreini 
equestrian  orders. 

For  a  time  Sir  John  Conroy  held  office 
as  a  Commissioner  of  the  Colonial  Audit 
Board.  He  was  Sheriff  of  the  county  of 
Montgomery  in  the  year  1843,  and  in  1852 
was  nominated  a  Deputy  Lieut,  thereof, 
and  Lieut-Colonel  Commandant  of  its 
militia ;  having  been  previously  appointed 
a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  Berkshire  in  1849. 
To  his  hereditary  property  in  Roscom- 
mon he  had  added  by  purchase  both  in 
Wales  and  in  Berkshire.  His  chief  re- 
sidence latterly  had  been  at  Arborfield,  in 
the  latter  county. 

Sir  John    Conroy  married,   Dec.  26, 
1808,  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  and  heir 
of  Major-General  Benjamin  Fisher,  and 
niece  to  the  Right  Rev.  John  Fisher,  D.D. 
Lord  Bishop  of  Salisbury.     By  that  lady, 
who  was  sometime  Woman  of  the  Bed- 
chamber to  H.R.H.  the  Duchess  of  Kent, 
and  who  survives  him,  he  had  issue  four 
sons  and  two  daughters.  The  former  were : 
1.  Sir  Edward,  his  successor  ;  2.  Arthur, 
who  died  in  1817;  3.  Stephen- Rowley,  a 
Lieut,   and   Captain  in   the   Coldstream 
Guards,  and  Aide-de-camp  to  the  Lo^d 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland ;  he  died  Sept.  9, 
1841 ;  and  4.  Henry-George,  Capt.  and 
Lieut.-Colonel  in  the  Grenadier  Guards, 
and  Aide-de-camp  to  the  Commander  of 
the  Forces  in  Ireland ;  he  married  in  1843 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  the  late  Dillon 
11 


Macnamara,  esq.  which  lady  died  withoat 
issue  in  May  1 843.  The  daughters  were — 
1.  Eliza-Jane;  2.  Victoria-Maria- Louisa, 
married  in  1842  to  Major  Wyndham  Ed- 
ward Hanmer,  of  the  Royal  Horse-guards, 
brother  to  Sir  John  Hanmer,  Bart. 

The  present  Baronet  was  bom  in  Dub- 
lin in  1809.  He  married,  in  1837,  Lady 
Alicia  Parsons,  younger  sister  of  the  pre- 
sent Earl  of  Rosse,  by  whom  he  has 
issue. 


Sib  Henry  Miers  Elliot,  K.C.B. 

Dec.  20.  At  Simon's  Town,  Cane  of 
Good  Hope,  aged  45,  Sir  Henry  Miers 
Elliot,  K.C.B.  Foreign  Secretary  to  the 
Grovemment  of  India. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  the  late  John 
Elliot,  esq.  of  Pimlico  Lodge,  Colonel- 
Commandant  of  the  Westminster  Volun- 
teers, by  Miss  Lettsom,  younger  daughter 
of  John  Coakley  Lettsom,  M.D. 

He  was  appointed  a  writer  on  the  Bengal 
establishment  in  1826,  was  sometime  As- 
sistant to  the  Collector  and  Magistrate  of 
the  South  division  of  Moradabad,  and, 
after  other  promotions,  was  latterly  Secre- 
tary to  the  Governor-General  in  Council 
in  the  Foreign  Department. 

He  received  the  order  of  the  Bath  in 
1849  for  his  services  during  the  conduct 
of  the  Sikh  war. 

Sir  Henry  Elliot  was  the  author  of  A 
Supplement  to  the  Glossary  of  India* 
published  at  Agra,  1845,  8vo.  and  of  a 
Bibliographical  Index  to  the  Historians  of 
Muhammedan  India,  Calcutta,  1849,  8vo, 

He  married  a  daughter  of  William 
Cowell,  esq.  of  the  Bengal  civil  service, 
formerly  Judge  at  Bareilly. 

Sir  James  Thomson,  K.C.B. 

Aug,  25,  1853.  At  Calcutta,  from  an 
attack  of  apoplexy  whilst  presiding  at  the 
Medical  Board,  Sir  James  Thomson, 
K.C.B.,  Physician-General  of  Bengal. 

He  entered  the  medical  service  of  the 
East  India  Company  on  their  Bengal 
establishment  in  1809  ;  attained  the  rank 
of  Surgeon  in  1823,  and  that  of  Inspector- 
General  of  Hospitals  in  1849.  During 
more  than  forty-two  years^  service,  he  had 
never  been  absent  from  duty,  except  onoe 
for  a  few  months  after  he  had  passed  five 
^ears  in  Java.  He  also  served  in  Affghan- 
istan,  in  Assam  during  the  first  Burmese 
war,  and  in  China  throughout  the  whole 
of  the  operations  there.  For  these  long, 
able,  and  zealous  services,  the  order  of  the 
Bath  was  conferred  upon  him  in  1850. 

No  officer  in  the  military  service  in 
India  was  more  generally  esteemed  and 
beloved  than  Sir  James  Thomson.  His 
generous  hand  was  ever  liberally  extended 
to  his  friends  in  distress,  and  b     ibaiitj 


1854.]      Dr.  Jenkynsy  Dean  of  Wells. — Hev.  Dr.  Richards.         425 

to  **  the  poor  who  were  always  with  him  *' 
was  constant  and  unfailing. 


Dr.  Jbnkyns,  Dean  op  Wells. 

March  6.  At  his  lodgings ,  Balliol  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  aged  72,  the  Very  Rev. 
Richard  Jenkyns,  D.D.  Dean  of  Wells, 
Master  of  BalUol  College. 

Dr.  Jenkyns  was  a  native  of  Somerset- 
shire, the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Jenkyns, 
B.C.L.  a  Prebendary  of  Wells,  and  for 
forty  years  Vicar  of  Evercreech,  who  died 
in  1824.  Having  been  elected  Fellow  of 
Balliol  as  soon  as  he  was  statutably  quali- 
fied, he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1804, 
and  was  forthwith  appointed  Tutor  by  the 
then  Master,  Dr.  Parsons,  who  discerned 
in  the  youthful  object  of  his  choice  such 
scholarship,  talents,  and  diligence,  as  were 
calculated  to  further  his  designs  of  raising 
the  character  and  increasing  the  usefulness 
of  the  college  over  which  he  ably  presided. 
The  Master's  expectations  were  fulfilled  ; 
and  it  was  not  long  before  he  had  abun- 
dant proofs  of  the  wisdom  of  his  selection 
of  Tutor,  in  the  ameliorated  condition  of 
the  whole  society,  and  in  the  number,  the 
literary  distinction,  and  the  prevailing  good 
order  of  the  junior  and  independent  mem- 
bers of  the  college.  Having  taken  the 
degree  of  M.A.  in  1806,  Mr.  Jenkyns  held 
the  office  of  Master  of  the  Schools  in  1809, 
and  that  of  Public  Examiner  in  1811  and 
1812.  In  1819,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Par- 
sons, who  had  been  for  some  previous 
years  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  he  was 
elected  Master.  At  that  time  he  was 
Senior  Tutor  and  Bursar  of  the  college, 
and  third  upon  the  list  of  Fellows.  He  then 
proceeded  to  the  degreesof  B.D.  and  D.D. 

In  the  government  of  his  college,  his 
steady  aim  was  to  act  on  the  principles  and 
to  carry  out  the  plans  of  his  excellent  and 
revered  predecessor.  The  latter  had  by 
his  firmness  and  vigour  restored  the  prac- 
tice of  open  election  to  Fellowships,  in 
accordance  with  the  statutes ;  and  the  new 
Master  was  resolved  to  uphold  and  per- 
petuate the  same  practice,  by  sedulous  and 
ceaseless  endeavours  to  exclude  aU  those 
sinister  influences  of  party  and  of  fa- 
vouritism, which  had,  in  some  former 
times,  most  injuriously  opposed  the  whole 
spirit  and  contravened  the  evident  purpose 
of  the  foundation.  Success  rewarded  his 
strenuous  and  honest  efforts;  and  he  found 
himself  surrounded  by  a  body  of  Fellows, 
who  cordially  co-operated  with  himself  in 
all  practicable  amendments  of  study  and 
discipline  ;  and,  finally,  in  throwing  open 
to  competition  the  scholarships  of  the  col- 
lege, which  were  in  the  gift  of  the  Master 
and  Fellows.  A  Visitatorial  Decree  con- 
firmed the  society's  voluntary  abandonment 
0  f  ivo  mination  and  patronage  in  this  Instance. 

Gknt.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


The  Master's  occupation  and  interest  in 
the  aflhirs  of  his  own  college  did  not  inter- 
fere with  his  attention  to  those  of  the  uni" 
versity.  At  the  meetings  of  the  Hebdom- 
adal Board,  in  the  office  of  Vice- Chancellor 
from  1824  to  1828,  in  the  Delegacies  of 
the  Press  and  of  Acconnts,  he  distinguished 
himself  by  regular  and  ponctnal  applica- 
tion to  business,  by  prudent  counsel,  by 
gentlemanlike  courtesy,  and  by  unswerving 
uprightness. 

When  the  Deanery  of  Wells  became 
vacant  in  1845,  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Good- 
enough,  Su:  Robert  Peel,  at  that  time 
Prime  Minister,  fixed  his  eye  on  the  Mas- 
ter of  Balliol,  as  entitled,  for  his  academi- 
cal merits  and  services,  to  a  mark  of  royal 
favour;  but  refrained  from  making  the 
offer  until  he  had  satisfied  himself  that 
promotion  to  the  deanery  would  not  have 
the  effect  of  removing  the  Master  from 
Balliol  and  from  Oxford.  The  preferment, 
at  length  tendered  in  the  most  handsome 
manner,  had  peculiar  recommendations 
for  Dr.  Jenkyns,  from  personal  and  family 
associations  with  the  county  of  Somerset 
and  the  Church  of  Wells;  but  was,  at  the 
same  time,  regarded  by  him  as  an  occasion 
of  augmented  responsibility  and  a  call  to 
fresh  activity  and  zeal  in  tiie  cause  of  sa- 
cred learning  and  religion.  He  has  since 
divided  each  year  between  Oxford  and 
Wells,  conscientiously  discharging  every 
duty  of  his  important  stations ;  and  leav- 
ing behind,  at  both  places,  a  memory 
which  will  be  long  and  gratefiUly  cherished. 

Dr.  Jenkyns,  we  believe,  has  left  a 
widow  and  children. 

His  sister  is  Mrs.  Gaisford,  the  wife  of 
the  Dean  of  Christchurch. 

Dr.  Jenkyns's  funeral  took  place  at  Wells, 
on  the  13th  March  :  the  choir,  which  has 
long  been  closed  on  account  of  the  restora- 
tions in  progress,  being  then  re-opened  for 
service.  The  chief  mourners  were  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Henry  Jenkyns,  the  Rev.  G.  Thriog, 
H.  Hobhouse,  esq.  H.  Blissett,  esq.  and 
the  Rev.  G.  Blissett ;  and  the  pall-bearers 
E.  Palmer,  esq.  T.  Walrond,  esq.  the  Rev. 
C.  E.  Prichard,  and  the  Rev.  Messrs. 
Riddell,  Lake,  Jewett,  Woolcombe,  and 
Wall.  Besides  the  clergy  and  officers  of 
the  cathedral,  the  attendance  was  increased 
by  forty  commoners  and  scholars  of  Bal- 
liol college  and  forty  theological  students 
of  Wells.  The  service  was  read  by  the 
Rev.  Canon  Barnard  and  the  Ven.  Arch- 
deacon Law. 


Rev.  J.  L.  Richards,  D.D. 
Feb.  27.  At  Bonchurch,  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  aged  56,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Loscombe 
Richards,  D.D.  Rector  of  Exeter  College, 
Oxford,  Vicar  of  Kidlington,  Oxfordshire, 
and  Chaplain  to  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert, 

31 


426 


Obituary.— l^et;.  J*  L»  Rickard^^  D»D* 


[April, 


Dr.  Richards  was  the  son  of  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Richards,  of  Tamerton,  in  Devon- 
shire. In  1815  he  entered  as  a  commoner 
at  Exeter  College,  which  was  then  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  Cole,  of  whom  he 
always  retained  an  affectionate  remem- 
brance. He  passed  through  his  university 
course  with  only  moderate  distinction,  ob- 
tainipg  a  second  class  in  Liieris  Humani' 
oribus  at  the  Michaelmas  Examination  of 
1819.  He  was,  however,  while  still  an 
undergraduate,  elected  a  Fellow  of  his  col- 
lege, on  the  Devon  foundation  ;  and  rose 
very  rapidly  to  the  highest  offices  con- 
nected with  its  tuition  and  discipline.  He 
became  Tutor  almost  immediately  after 
taking  his  M.A.  degree  in  1822,  and  Sub- 
Rector  a  few  years  later.  These  offices 
he  retained  till  the  year  1835,  when  the 
living  of  Bushey,  in  Hertfordshire,  becom- 
ing vacant,  he  accepted  it,  and  exchanged 
college  life  for  the  labours  of  a  country 
parish.  While  Rector  of  Bushey  he  mar- 
ried, on  the  28th  Sept.  1837,  Frances- 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  J.  W. 
Baugh,  ChanceUor  of  Bristol,  and  the  sister 
of  a  college  pupil,  the  Rev.  FoUiott  Baugh, 
some  time  Fellow  of  All  Souls',  and  now 
Vicar  of  Chelsfield,  Kent.  This  lady  he 
unfortunately  lost,  by  death,  in  the  fol- 
lowing year. 

Dr.  Richards  remained  but  a  short  time 
at  Bushey;  for  in  the  year  1838,  on  the 
death  of  the  Rector  of  Exeter,  Dr.  Jones, 
he  was  elected,  after  a  sharp  contest,  to 
the  vacant  headship,  to  which  is  attached 
the  vicarage  of  Kidlington  with  Water 
Eaton. 

He  was  appointed  a  Select  Preacher  in 
the  university  in  1853,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  a  Delegate  of  Accounts. 
He  had  formerly  filled  the  office  of  Public 
Examiner  in  1828. 

In  the  important  positions  of  Head  of 
a  large  college  and  member  of  the  Hebdo- 
madal Board,  Dr.  Richards  succeeded  in 
gaining  the  esteem  and  respect  of  all.  Very 
conscientious,  and  therefore  not  very  rapid 
in  the  conduct  of  business — very  strict, 
and,  perhaps,  a  little  over-precise  in  his 
regard  for  forms,  he  yet,  by  his  singleness 
of  purpose,  his  straightforward  and  un- 
flinching honesty,  his  freedom  from  all 
disguise  or  arrihre  peruee,  and  his  pains- 
taking laboriousness,  made  himself  re- 
garded as  one,  alike  in  college  and  univer- 
sity matters,  on  whom  all  could  thoroughly 
depend,  and  with  whose  aid  none  could 
dispense.  Despite  the  differences  of  the- 
ological opinion  which  separated  him  from 
the  bulk  of  his  colleagues,  he  was  placed 
upon  almost  all  committees,  and  looked  to 
in  almost  all  business  of  importance.  The 
courteousness  of  his  manners  caused  his 
selection  from  among  the  body  of  Heads 


of  Houses  for  connexion  with  the  Conrt, 
and  in  the  office  of  Chaplain  to  Prince 
Albert  he  offered  to  the  highest  circles  in 
the  realm  a  favourable  specimen  of  the 
Oxford  dignitary.  Simple  and  quiet  in  hii 
demeanour,  kind  and  gentle  in  his  treat- 
ment of  those  dependent  on  him,  honest 
and  firm  in  his  assertion  of  those  princi- 
ples which  he  believed  to  be  tme,  im- 
weariedly  assiduous  in  the  discbarge  of 
every  duty  which  bclopged  to  him,  he 
carries  to  the  grave  the  heartfelt  affection 
of  many,  and  the  deep  respect  of  all.  It 
will  not  be  easily  to  supply  his  place* 
either  in  the  college  over  which  he  so  ano- 
cessfuUy  presided,  or  in  the  board  to  which 
he  gave  such  frequent  aid.  Had  hit  health 
allowed  him  to  accept  the  office  of  Vice- 
Chancellor  at  the  last  vacancy,  and  had  he 
been  spared  to  inaugurate  the  new  system 
which  is  now  dawning  on  the  UniTeraity* 
we  should  have  looked  with  confidence— 
we  say  this  without  reflecting  upon  othect 
— to  see  the  changes  introduced  without 
those  difficulties  and  chances  of  collision 
which  now  cloud  the  University  horison. 

The  funeral  of  Dr.  Richards  took  place 
in  Exeter  College  Chapel,  on  Tuesday  the 
7th  of  March.  The  Undergraduates  of 
the  College  formed  the  first  part  of  the 
procession,  preceding  the  coffin,  the  pall 
being  borne  by  the  following  Fcllowi  :^ 
viz.  Mr.  P.  A.  Kingdon,  the  Rev.  J.  P. 
Tweed,  the  Rev.  F.  Fanshawe,  the  Rer. 
H.  Low,  the  Rev.  W.  Ince,  Mr-  C.  W. 
Boase,  Mr.  George  Ridding,  and  the  Rev* 
T.  H.  Sheppard.  Immediately  in  front  of 
the  bier  were  the  Rev.  W.  Andrews,  Sab- 
Rector,  and  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Woolloombe* 
the  Senior  Fellow  in  residence.  Imme- 
diately after  it  followed  the  relations  and 
connexions  of  the  deceased :  Mr.  H.  Fnr- 
neaux.  Fellow  of  Corpus,  and  his  brother, 
nephews  of  the  deceased ;  the  Rev.  Upton 
Richards,  of  Margaret  Chapel,  London; 
the  Rev.  J.  W.  Richards,  of  Salisbury ; 
the  Rev.  W.  D.  Furneaux,  the  Rev.  lU 
Martin,  the  Rev.  T.  Furneaux,  &c.  Aftei> 
wards  came  the  Vice -ChanceUor,  tiie 
Warden  of  Wadham,  the  Principal  of  Mag- 
dalen Hall,  and  the  Regius  Professor  of 
Divinity  (the  two  last  being  former  Fellows 
of  the  College) ;  then  such  of  the  actnel 
Fellows  as  were  not  pall-bearera ;  end 
finally,  a  large  body  of  penons,  formerly 
Fellows  of  the  College,  or  personal  fnen& 
of  the  late  Rector.  Dr.  BUchards  was  in- 
terred, according  to  his  desire,  by  the  side 
of  his  wife. 

He  has  provided  by  his  will  for  the  per- 
manent establishment  of  an  annual  theolo- 
gical prize,  which  during  his  lifetime  be 
was  in  the  habit  of  offering  for  the  com- 
petition of  all  B.A.  members  of  Bzetsr 
college.  He  has  ebo  provided  proipectifdiy 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Hie  Rev.  W.  P.  GreswelL 


427 


for  the  foandation  of  an  exhibition  of  the 
annual  value  of  36/.  to  be  awarded  by  the 
Rector  and  five  senior  Fellows  to  an  Exeter 
andergraduate  on  claims  of  poverty  and 
good  conduct. 

Subscriptions  are  being  collected  for  a 
memorial  to  his  name,  the  exact  applica- 
tion of  which  is  not  at  present  fixed.  It 
is  proposed  that  the  fund  raised  should  be 
applied  to  some  collegiate  purpose,  either 
the  establishment  of  an  annual  prize,  or, 
if  the  amount  is  sufficient,  the  foundation 
of  an  exhibition  for  a  poor  and  deserving 
student.  It  is  thought  that  the  latter 
would  be  a  specially  appropriate  memorial 
of  one  who  is  known  to  have  had  so  much 
at  heart  the  cause  of  university  extension. 
The  subscriptions  already  promised  ex- 
ceed 400/. 

A  portrait  of  Dr.  Richards  is  announced 
for  publication,  from  a  drawing  by  Mr. 
George  Richmond,  engraved  by  Mr.  Francis 
Holl. 


The  Rev.  W.  P.  Grkswell. 

Jan.  12.  After  a  life  of  piety  and  use- 
fVilness,  extended  to  89  years,  the  Rev. 
William  Parr  Greswell,  Incumbent  of 
Denton,  in  the  parish  of  Manchester. 

Mr.  Greswell  did  not  appear  much 
before  the  public,  yet  he  must  ever  be  re- 
garded as  occupying  a  distinguished  place 
among  Lancashire  worthies,  for  his  learn- 
ing, industry,  and  perseverance,  and  for 
the  bright  results  of  his  abilities  and  fine 
mental  characteristics.  It  is  now  about 
sixty-three  years  since  the  incumbency  of 
the  chapelry  of  Denton  and  Haughton  was 
presented  to  him  by  the  then  Earl  of 
Wilton,  the  patron  of  the  living.  It  pro- 
duced no  great  pecuniary  emolument,  but 
knowing  how  "therewith  to  be  content," 
he  fed  his  flock,  and  was  for  some  time 
*'  passing  rich"  upon  100/.  a  year.  He 
opened  a  school,  and  his  learning  soon  pro- 
cured for  him  the  notice  and  patronage  of 
some  whose  children  have  since  risen  to 


emineuce  by  the  aid  of  the  instructions  he 
imparted,  and  the  correct  habits  of  thought 
and  action  in  which  he  trained  them. 
While  educating  others,  the  claims  of  a 
large  family,  to  be  cared  for  in  the  same 
respect,  were  assiduously  attended  to,  with 
the  happiest  results.  Educated  up  to  a 
certain  point  by  himself,  of  five  sons  who 
went  to  Oxford,  two  won  the  highest 
honours  of  that  University,  both  in  classics 
and  mathematics,  and  two  others  the 
highest  honours  in  classics.  Each  rose 
by  his  own  merit  to  the  post  of  Fellow 
in  his  college,*  and  one  of  them  was 
elected  President  of  Corpus  Christi,  though 
he  declined  the  appointment,  conceiving 
that  it  would  interfere  with  the  pursuit  of 
his  studies.  Another  son  has  won  a  name 
for  himself  by  the  princely  munificence 
with  which  he  has  sought  to  meet  the 
spiritual  and  educational  wants  of  the  place 
of  his  birth. t 

An  earnest,  patient,  and  laborious  student 
himself,  Mr.  Greswell  the  elder  was  an  ex- 
ample of  how  much  persevering  energy  can 
achieve  upon  means  so  small  at  one  time 
that  we  wonder  how  they  could  be  of  ser- 
vice; and  possibly  the  recollection  of  the 
difficulties  he  had  had  to  struggle  with 
especially  endeared  to  him  the  spot  where 
he  overcame  them.  His  was  a  long  term 
of  incumbency ;  for  the  greater  portion  of 
it  he  laboured  in  the  villages  with  the 
utmost  assiduity,  and  when  he  felt  no 
longer  equal  to  his  task  he  entrusted  the 
chief  portion  of  his  pastoral  work  to  a  curate, 
selected  with  care.  It  was  only  about  the 
middle  of  last  year  that  he  finally  re- 
nounced the  trust  committed  to  him  so 
many  years  before,  and  advanced  age  had 
then  made  such  inroads  upon  the  physical 
powers  of  the  venerable  man,  that  the 
Bishop  of  Manchester  went  to  Denton 
especially  to  receive  his  resignation.  It 
is  a  pleasing  circumstance  that  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Nicol,  at  that  time  officiating  as 
curate,  was  appointed  to  the  vacant  in- 


*  William  GresweU,  B.A.  1818,  M.A.  1820,  Fellow  of  Balliol  College. 

Edward  Greswell,  B.A.  1819,  M.A.  1822,  B.D.  1830,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Corpus 

Christi. 
Richard  Greswell,  B.A.  1822,   M.A.    1825,  B.D.    1836,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 

Worcester. 
Francis  Hague  Greswell,  B.A.  1826,  M.A.  1829,  Fellow  of  Brasenose  (deceased). 
Clement  Greswell,  B.A.  1827,  M.A.  1831,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Oriel  College,  and 
now  Rector  of  Tortworth,  co.  Gloucester, 
t  The  new  church  at  Denton,  consecrated  on  the  15th  of  October  last  by  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Manchester,  was  chiefly  promoted  and  built  at  the  cost  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Greswell,  Fellow  and  (late)  Tutor  of  Worcester  College,  Oxford;  and  amongst  his  friends 
present  on  this  interesting  occasion  were,  the  Bishop  of  Oxford  (who  preached  the 
sermon  from  Acts,  xviii.  10,  '*  For  I  have  much  people  in  this  city"),  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer  and  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Lord  Robert  Grosvenor,  M.P.  the  Earl  and 
Countess  of  Wilton,  Sir  William  and  Lady  Heathcote,  and  a  large  body  of  clergy.     In 
the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  the  Bishop  of  Oxford  and  Mr.  Gladstone  assisted  in 
laying  the  foundation  stone  of  a  second  set  of  new  schools  to  be  attached  to  the  church. 


428 


Obituary.— /?«;.  W.  H.  Dixoriy  MJi^  F.S^.      [April, 


cumbency.  The  Bishop,  as  the  only  means 
in  bis  power  of  testifying  his  admiration 
of  Mr.  GresweU's  great  literary  merit, 
offered  him  an  Honorary  Caoonry  in  the 
cathedral,  but  this  was  respectfully  declined. 

Mr.  Greswell  sank  calmly  to  rest,  sur- 
rounded on  his  dying  bed  by  his  four  sur- 
viving sons,  who  had  imbibed  their  reverence 
of  him  as  a  parent,  from  the  gentle  c^re  he 
had  bestowed  upon  them  in  their  early 
life,  and  the  continued  watchfulness  of 
their  interests  he  had  exhibited  long  after 
they  passed  from  beneath  the  paternal  roof; 
for  some  weeks  it  had  been  apparent  that 
his  end  was  approaching,  and  his  family 
were  summoned  to  attend.  It  was  fitting 
that  his  last  remains  should  rest  in  the 
place  endeared  to  him  by  so  many  associa- 
tions ;  they  were  interred  in  the  yard  at- 
tached to  the  quaint  old  fabric  known  as 
Denton  Chapel,  the  Bishop  of  Manchester 
attending  to  perform  the  last  rites  for  the 
dead.  The  village  was  in  mourning,  every 
house  was  darkened,  and  all  the  inhabi- 
tants, who  could,  attended  his  funeral. 

We  add  a  list  of  Mr.  Greswell's  literary 
works  : — 

Memoirs  of  Angelus  Politianus,  Joannes 
Picus  Mirandula,  Actius  Sincerus  Sanna- 
zarius,  Petrus  Bembus,  Hieronymus  Fra- 
castorius,  Marcus  Antonius  Flaminius, 
and  the  Amalthei :  Translations  from  their 
Poetical  Works ;  and  Notes  and  Observa- 
tions concerning  other  Literary  Characters 
of  the  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Centuries. 
Manchester,  1801.  8vo.  A  second  edition, 
Manchester,  1805. 

Annals  of  Parisian  Typography,  con- 
taining an  account  of  tne  earliest  typo- 
graphical establishments  of  Paris;  and 
notices  and  illustrations  of  the  most  re- 
markable productions  of  the  Parisian 
Gothic  Press.  1818.  8vo. 

A  View  of  the  Early  Parisian  Greek 
Press  ;  including  the  Lives  of  the  Stephani, 
notices  of  other  contemporary  Greek 
Printers  of  Paris,  and  various  particulars 
of  the  Literary  and  Ecclesiastical  History 
of  their  times.  Edited  by  [his  son]  Ed- 
ward Greswell,  B.D.  Oxford,  1833.  2 
vols.  8vo. 

The  judgment  passed  upon  these  works 
by  M.  Brunet  in  his  Manuel  du  Libraire, 
is  as  follows :  **  Ces  deux  ouvrages  sont  des 
compilations  qui  ne  renferment  presque 
aucun  fait  nouveau,  et  oh  nous  avons  re- 
marqu^  bien  des  inexactitudes.  N6an- 
moins  ils  se  font  lire  avec  int^r^t.'' 

There  was  afterwards  printed  at  Oxford 
"  A  Sequel ''  to  the  latter  work  :  but  after 
a  very  few  copies  had  been  given  away,  it 
was  suppressed  by  its  author,  for  some 
reason  unexplained. 

The  Monastery  of  St.  Werburgh,  a 
Poem,  with  Notes,  1823.   8vo. 


Rbv.  W.  H.  Dixon,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Feb.  17.'  At  his  house  in  the  Minster- 
yard,  York,  aged  70,  the  Rev.  William 
Henry  Dixon,  M.A.,  F.S.A. ,  Rector  of 
Etton,  Vicar  of  Bishopthorpe,  Canon  Re- 
sidentiary of  York,  and  Domestic  Chap- 
lain to  the  Archbishop  of  York. 

Mr.  Dixon  was  the  son  of  the  Rer. 
Henry  Dixon,  Vicar  of  Wadworth,  near 
Doncaster,  and  Anne,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
William  Mason,  Vicar  of  Holy  Trinity, 
Hull.  The  Masons  had  been  settled  in 
Hull,  and  were  opulent  merchants  there, 
for  some  generations.  From  his  uncle  the 
Rev.  William  Mason  the  poet,  and  biogra- 
pher of  Gray,  Mr.  Dixon  derived  the  greater 
part  of  his  private  fortune.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  grammar  school  of  Houghton- 
le-Spring,  and  at  Pembroke  College,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B.  A.  180. .  M.A. 
180..  His  classical  attainments  were  con- 
siderable, and  he  had  made  some  profi- 
ciency in  the  knowledge  of  Hebrew. 

For  many  years  in  the  earlier  part  of  hit 
life,  Mr.  Dixon  held  various  small  cures 
with  little  or  no  emolument  attached  to 
them.  Forty  years  ago  he  was  a  constant 
preacher  in  Ripon  Minster,  where  hk 
sermons  were  much  admired.  Through- 
out life  he  never  relaxed  in  his  ministerial 
duties.  He  was  a  man  of  undoubted  piHy 
and  strong  devotional  feeling,  though  he 
ever  shrunk  from  all  display.  His  voioe 
was  clear  and  musical,  and  of  considerable 
power,  and  his  elocution  almost  perfect. 
The  admirable  way  in  which  he  per- 
formed the  services  of  the  Church,  and  hie 
great  courtesy  and  elegant  refinement  of 
manners,  attracted  the  observation  of  the 
late  Archbishop  of  York,  who  appointed 
him  one  of  his  Domestic  Chaplains,  and 
was  his  zealous  friend  and  patron.  He 
was  appointed  Prebendary  of  Ripon  in 
1815 ;  Vicar  of  Bishopthorpe  in  1824 ; 
Prebendary  of  Market  Weighton  in  1825 ; 
and  Canon  Residentiary  of  York  io  1831. 
On  resigning  the  vicarage  of  Bishopthorpe^ 
in  1834,  he  was  appoint^  Vicar  of  Topcliffe 
and  of  Sutton-on-Forest.  Afterwards  he 
vacated  these  two  beneficesi  and  was  re- 
appointed to  the  vicarage  of  Bishopthorpe 
and  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Etton, 
in  the  East  Riding,  in  1837. 

To  the  strict  fulSment  of  his  ecclesiastical 
duties  Mr.  Dixon  always  added  azealoos  and 
liberal  care  for  the  many  institutions  of  the 
city  of  York  by  which  charity  is  dispensed 
and  knowledge  advanced.  No  one  lived 
with  a  kinder  sympathy,  or  a  more  open 
hand  for  the  troubles  and  distresses  of  all, 
however  little  connected  with  him,  espe- 
cially among  his  poorer  brethren  of  the 
clergy  and  their  connections.  His  eharity 
was  never  narrowed  by  his  opinions,  or  hii 
friendly  feelings  diverted  by  any  diiferenoe 


1854.] 


Obituary^— JRoft^/  Alexander,  Esq. 


429 


of  views.  In  the  love  and  practice  of 
music  he  followed  the  example  of  his  uncle 
Mason,  formerly  Precentor  (as  well  as  a 
Canon  Residentiary)  of  York  Cathedral, 
and  like  him  paid  much  attention  to 
the  choral  services  of  the  church.  His 
only  other  relaxation,  besides  that  social 
converse  to  which  he  was  always  a  ready 
and  an  acceptable  contributor,  consisted  in 
study ;  and  the  studies  in  which  he  most 
delighted  wejre  those  of  ecclesiastical  bio- 
graphy and  history.  As  the  fruit  of  these 
researches,  he  has  left  a  digested  collection 
of  historical  and  biographical  incidents 
relative  to  the  Cathedrcd,  under  the  title  of 
"  Fasti  Eboracenses,  or  a  Catalogue  of  the 
Members  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of 
York."  These  occupy  nine  quarto  volumes 
of  manuscript ;  and  we  trust  they  may 
hereafter  be  published. 

Mr.  Dixon  published  one  or  two  Ser- 
mons, but  we  believe  nothing  else. 

He  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  May  31,  1821. 

Five  weeks  ago  his  last  sermon  was  heard 
in  the  parish  church  of  Holy  Trinity,  Good- 
ramgate,  preached  with  his  usual  impres- 
siveoess,  on  the  words — '*  Oh  !  teach  us  to 
number  our  days  that  we  may  apply  our 
hearts  unto  wisdom  ;^'  and  from  that  ser- 
mon he  may  be  said  to  have  gone  home  to 
die,  considering  his  days  as  numbered  for 
some  time  before  they  closed,  and  going 
down  to  the  grave  with  great  devotion,  re- 
signation, and  serenity. 

A  few  years  ago,  the  late  Mr.  Jonathan 
Gray,  himself,  and  some  other  friends, 
projected  the  Public  Cemetery  of  York ; 
knowing,  as  they  did,  and  deploring,  the 
crowded  state  of  the  churchyards  in  the 
city.  Mr.  Gray's  remains  and  Mr.  Dixon^s 
will  now  lie  in  the  same  cemetery,  and 
within  a  few  yards  of  each  other. 


Robert  Alexander,  Esq. 

Feb.  9.  At  Great  Crosby,  near  Liver- 
pool, in  his  59th  year,  Robert  Alexander 
esq.  editor  of  the  Liverpool  Mail. 

Mr.  Alexander  was  born  at  Paisley, 
where  his  father  was  an  extensive  builder. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Grammar  School 
of  Paisley,  and  from  his  youth  upwards  was 
an  extremely  diligent  student.  Endowed 
with  an  extraordinary  memory,  he  could 
not  fail  to  profit  by  his  close  application 
to  books.  On  arriving  at  manhood  he 
engaged  in  the  manufacturing  business  in 
his  native  town ;  but  in  that  he  was  not 
successful.  He  then  went  to  Cork,  but 
with  as  little  success.  He  next  removed 
to  Glasgow  and  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  but  only  for  a  brief  period. 
Business  was  not  his  forte.  Reading, 
resparcli,  and  reflection  became  his  more 


congenial  occupation.  And  while  yet  a 
young  man  of  some  five  and  twenty  sum- 
mers, he  resolved  henceforth  to  devote  his 
energies  to  literature  and  journalism. 

Mr.  Alexander  commenced  his  career 
as  a  journalist  at  Hamilton,  by  taking 
charge  of  the  Clydesdale  Journal,  a  Con- 
servative newspaper.  It  was  removed  to 
Glasgow,  under  the  name  of  the  Clydesdale 
Journal  and  Glasgow  Sentinel,  and  was 
conducted  by  him  for  a  considerable  time ; 
bat,  failing  to  attract  adequate  support 
from  the  Conservative  party,  it  was  even- 
tually discontinued.  Mr.  Alexander  then 
proceeded  to  London,  where,  for  several 
years,  he  occupied  himself  with  con- 
tributions to  a  variety  of  the  most  popular 
periodicals.  He  subsequently  accepted  an 
engagement  at  Exeter,  and  conducted  the 
Western  Luminary  for  a  year  or  two. 
Preferring  London,  he  became  editor  of 
the  Watdhman,  a  high  Conservative  jour- 
nal, and  one  which  for  a  while  was  atten- 
ded with  signal  success. 

His  services  were  next  transferred  to  a 
paper  entitled,  the  Morning  Journal.  The 
ability  which  he  brought  to  bear  upon  its 
management  was  rewarded  with  a  very 
extensive  circulation  nntil  the  great  con- 
troversies arose  both  in  the  senate  and  the 
press  on  the  vexed  question  of  Roman 
Catholic  Emancipation,  when,  so  severe 
were  the  strictures  on  men  and  measures, 
so  fearless  and  pungent  the  denunciations 
of  the  tortuous  policy  of  Peel,  published 
in  the  Morning  Journal,  that  the  govern- 
ment took  advantage  of  unadvised  ex- 
pressions which  had  escaped,  no  doubt 
injudiciously  but  almost  unconsciously,  in 
the  warmth  of  argument  and  the  vehemence 
of  invective.  A  criminal  prosecution  was 
vindictively  followed  up.  Mr.  Alexander 
was  confined  in  Newgate,  but  the  full  term 
of  the  sentence  was  commuted  and  re- 
mitted. 

On  his  release,  Mr.  Alexander  was 
hailed  by  numbers  as  a  far-seeing  champion 
and  fearless  confessor  for  our  Protestant 
constitution,  and,  upon  urgent  Invitation, 
he  made  a  lengthened  sojourn  at  the 
hospitable  mansion  of  that  warm-hearted 
Irishman  Sir  Harcourt  Lees.  But  he 
alike  disrelished  inaction  or  ostentation. 
He  always  shrank  from  setting  up  as  a 
political  martyr.  And  his  steady  devotion 
to  great  principles  still  prompted  him  to 
a  zealous  and  generous  support  of  that 
great  Tory  party  whose  chiefs  had  dealt 
so  harshly  with  himself.  He  became 
editor  of  the  Liverpool  Standard,  which 
was  first  started  and  supported  by  the 
subscriptions  of  local  Conservatives,  and 
which  continued  to  be  their  chief  organ 
nntil,  upon  disputes  occurring  conceminf[^ 


430 


Colonel  Joli^.^^ohn  Pardell,  Esq.  P.Sji.  [April, 


a  difided  tnanag^meiit,  Mr.  Alexander 
left  it,  and  in  1836  founded  a  journal  of 
his  own,  the  Liverpool  Mail,  to  which  hii 
subsequent  lifts  was  devoted.  In  this 
capacity,  he  conscientiously  and  hftbitually 
strove  to  render  his  public  labours  con- 
ducive to  the  public  good.  None  can 
count  the  salutary  influences  he  has  been 
enabled  to  diffuse  through  the  great  com- 
munity which  he  addressed.  Above  all, 
on  every  occasion,  and  in  every  cause,  he 
took  especial  delight  in  advocating  what 
he  conceived  to  be  the  true  interests  of 
the  ignorant,  the  poor,  and  the  defenceless. 
He  excelled  in  that  most  useful  acquire- 
ment, a  knowledge  of  common  things. 
In  private  life  he  was  a  warm  and  un- 
swerving friend,  and  an  instructive  and 
entertaining  companion.  Advancing  years 
induced  him  to  remove  from  the  annoy- 
ances of  the  town,  and  to  find  his  chief 
delight  in  his  books  and  his  garden. 

To  the  last  day  of  his  consciousness, 
with  humble  gratitude  to  his  Maker,  he 
solemnly  recounted  that  his  simple  prayer, 
**  neither  poverty  nor  riches,"  had  through 
all  his  days  been  mercifully  granted. 

Colonel  Jolippe. 

March  15.  At  Ammerdown  Park, 
Somersetshire,  John  Twyford  Joliffe,  esq. 
Lietit.-Colonel  of  the  first  Somersetshire 
Yeomanry  Cavalry. 

Mr.  Joliffe  was  descended  from  a  race 
of  high  antiquity.  He  was  the  son  and 
heir  of  Thomas  Samuel  Joliffe,  esq.  M.P. 
for  Petersfield,  by  Mary  Anne  Twyford, 
heiress  of  the  Twyfords  of  Kilmersdon, 
CO..  Somerset.  The  family  name,  ori- 
ginally Joli,  has  been  frequently  cor- 
rupted by  capricious  additions  or  termi- 
nations, and,  about  three  centuries  since, 
was  usually  written  Jolyfe  or  Joliff.  Sir 
Bernard  Burke,  in  his  '*  Dictionary  of  the 
Landed  Gentry  **  has  briefly  detailed  the 
particulars  of  Mr.  Joliffe's  lineage  ;  but:, 
in  his  history  of  the  Royal  families  of 
England  and  Scotland,  he  has  elaborately 
traced  the  deceased's  connexion  with  the 
Plantagenet  sovereigns,  and  shown  him 
to  have  been  the  fourteenth,  in  direct 
descent,  from  Edward  III.  Without 
unduly  estimating  the  value  of  such  recom- 
mendation, it  may  justly  be  remarked  that, 
although  ancestral  honours  and  heraldic 
distinctions — 

Genus  ct  proavos,  ct  qnie  non  fbcimn»  ipsi  - 
are  no  proof  or  argument  of  personal  merit 
in  the  hereditary  possessor,  they  shed  at 
least  a  reflective  lustre  on  whoever  can 
establish  a  claim  to  them.  In  discharging 
the  demands  of  domestic  obligations,  Mr. 
Joliffe  has  left  few  to  surpass  him ;  and, 
in  hit  character  of  an  extensive  landholder. 


he  was  so  truly  appreciated,  that  his  loss 
will  be  considered  irreparable  by  a  nu- 
merous and  intelligent  tenantry. 

At  particular  periods  since  the  paisini^ 
of  the  Reform  Act,  he  received  appli« 
cations  from  influential  parties  in  different 
constituencies  to  avow  himself  a  candidate 
in  the  Conservative  interest ;  but  his 
retired  and  unassuming  habits  induced 
him  respectfully  to  decline  the  flattering 
invitation.  His  only  appointments  of  a 
public  nature  were  those  of  Lieut.-Colonel 
in  the  Ist  Somerset  Regiment,  and  of  a 
magistrate  and  deputy -lieutenant  in  the 
same  county.  Aware  of  the  duties,  as  well 
as  rights,  of  opalence,  he  liberally  re- 
sponded to  solicitations  for  pecuniary  aid 
from  those  the  truth  of  whose  statements 
he  had  accurately  ascertained ;  and  the 
writer  of  this  sketch  has  been  so  ex- 
tensively the  agent  of  his  liberalities  as  to 
have  frequently  bestowed  hundreds  of 
pounds  upon  distressed  individuals. 

Surrounded  by  friends,  and  watched 
over  in  profound  and  ceaseless  anxiety  by 
those  of  his  household  whom  his  bonntj 
had  enriched,  he  expired  after  a  lingering 
and  painful  illness,  which  baffled  the  efforts 
of  the  most  distinguished  surgical  prtH 
fcssors. 

Colonel  Joliffe's  landed  estates  vrert, 
for  the  far  greater  part,  entailed;  these 
devolve  on  his  only  surviving  brother  ; 
but  his  personal  property,  which  cannot 
have  been  inconsiderable,  was  at  his  own 
disposal. 


John  Fardell,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

Feb,  5.  At  Sprotborough  rectory,  York- 
shire, in  his  70th  year,  John  Fardell,  esq. 
of  Holbeck  Lodge,  Lincolnshire,  a  magis- 
trate and  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  that  conntj, 
a  barrister-at-law,  and  F.S.A.,  formerly 
M.P.  for  Lincoln. 

He  was  born  May  4,  1784,  the  eldest 
son  of  John  Fardell,  esq.  of  Lincoln,  wlio 
died  in  1805,  by  Penelope,  daughter  of 
John  Hayward,  esq.  of  the  same  city.  He 
was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  London  June  15,  1809 ; 
and  was  called  to  the  bar  by  this  Hon. 
Society  of  the  Middle  Temple  July  9. 
1 824. 

Mr.  Fardell  represented  the  dty  of  Lin* 
coin  in  the  parliament  of  1830. 

He'  married,  Sept.  26,  1809,  Mary, 
youngest  daughter  of  John  Tunnard,  esq. 
of  Frampton  House  in  the  same  countj, 
and  had  issue  two  sons,  the  Rev.  John 
George  Fardell,  B.A.  Rector  of  Sprot- 
borough, Yorkshire,  and  Charies  Fardell, 
esq.  of  the  Middle  Temple,  B.A.  of  St. 
John's  college,  Cambridge. 


1854.]     Obituary. — N,  Hindhaugh,  Esq. — H.  Belcher,  Esq.     431 


Nathaniel  Hindhauoh,  Esq. 

Jan.  15.  At  Pensber  House,  co.  Dur- 
ham, aged  59,  Nathaniel  Hindhaugh,  esq. 
principal  agent  of  the  Marquess  of  Lon- 
donderry. 

He  was  a  native  of  Rothbury,  Northum- 
berland, bis  father,  Mr.  Joseph  Hind- 
haugh, being  manager  of  a  brewery  there. 
Having  been  taught  reading  at  a  *'  dame 
school"  conducted  by  "  Tibby  Allen," 
widow  of  James  Allen,  the  Duke  of  North- 
umberland's famous  piper,  (whose  written 
life  and  adventures  must  be  familiar  to 
many,)  he  was  afterwards  instructed  in 
writing  and  arithmetic  at  the  Free  School 
at  Newcastle,  and  then  sent  by  his  father 
to  a  merchant's  office,  where,  without 
fortune  or  friends,  he  made  his  way  by  dint 
of  industry,  step  by  step,  until  he  became 
one  of  the  most  eminent  citizens  of  the 
port.  He  was  largely  connected  with  the 
timber  and  coal  trade  of  the  Tyne,  having 
been  upwards  of  forty  years  in  the  latter 
department  in  the  fitting-office  of  Mr.  Jo- 
seph Lamb  and  partners.  This  long  ex- 
perience of  business  was  combined  with  a 
clear  judgment  and  firmness  of  purpose, 
which  enabled  him  at  all  times  to  act  with 
more  than  usual  promptness  and  decision ; 
and  his  great  ability  as  a  merchant  and 
manager  of  extensive  concerns  was  only 
equalled  by  his  uniform  integrity  and  can- 
dour. He  possessed  the  entire  confidence 
and  friendship  of  the  Marquess  of  Lon- 
donderry, of  the  owners  of  the  collieries 
with  which  he  was  so  long  connected,  and 
of  every  one  who  had  transactions  with 
him.  His  virtues  in  every  relation  of  life 
require  no  comment.  Mr.  Hindhaugh  had 
attended  his  office  in  Newcastle  on  Satur- 
day the  14th  Jan.  and  died  suddenly  from 
congestion  of  the  heart  early  on  the  fol- 
lowing morning.  His  remains  were  in- 
terred in  Jesmond  Cemetery. 


Henry  Belcher,  fisci. 

Feb.  14.  At  Warwick,  aged  68,  Henry 
Belcher,  esq.  of  Mayfield  House,  Whitby. 

Mr.  Belcher  was  born  at  Manchester  on 
the  19th  Nov.  1785.  He  served  his  clerk- 
ship to  Messrs.  Milne,  solicitors  in  that 
town,  and  resided  there  until  181 1  ;  when 
he  removed  to  Whitby,  and  entered  into 
partnership  with  Mr.  Clarke,  of  Guisbo- 
rough,  the  business  being  conducted,  for 
about  ten  years,  under  the  firm  of  Clarke 
and  Belcher.  He  then  for  several  years 
continued  his  profession  alone,  until  in 
1835  Mr.  N.  Langborne  became  his  part- 
ner, and  they  were  afterwards  joined  by 
Mr.  J.  BuchaiTnan.  The  former  having 
died,  the  latter  retired  in  1835,  when  Mr. 
Belcher  was  again  alone  until  1850;  he  was 
then  joined  by  Mr.  Gray ;  and  recently  by 


another  addition  the    firm  had  become 
Belcher,  Gray,  and  Brewster. 

From  the  period  of  Mr.  Belcher^s  first 
settlement  in  Whitby  he  had  been  one  of 
the  best  friends  of  the  town,  the  great  en- 
courager  of  its  local  improvements,  the 
most  liberal  patron  of  its  public  institu- 
tions, and  the  kindest  adviser  of  its  strug- 
gling inhabitants.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
active  promoters  of  the  Whitby  and  Pick- 
ering railway,  which  was  the  third  in  the 
kingdom  completed  for  the  conveyance  of 
passengers  (and  that  not  by  steam  but  by 
horse-power).  On  its  completion,  1m 
exerted  himself  in  the  formation  of  the 
Whitby  Stone  Company  ;  and  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Simpson 
he  built  an  hotel  and  a  street  of  cottages 
and  workshops.  He  also  actively  assisted 
in  obtaining  an  act  of  parliament  for  the 
construction  of  a  railway  from  Whitby  to 
Castle  Ion.  This  was  not  formed  ;  but,  the 
statutory  time  having  elapsed,  he  has, 
during  the  last  year,  strenuously  advo- 
cated the  claims  of  the  North  Yorkshire 
and  Cleveland  Railway. 

As  a  friend  of  religious  education,  he 
evinced  his  zeal  so  long  since  as  1820  in 
promoting  the  formation  of  a  local  society 
in  connexion  with  that  for  Promoting  Chris- 
tian Knowledge.  The  new  charch  of  St. 
Matthew,  at  Grosmont  near  Whitby,  which 
was  commenced  in  1840,  opened  in  1842, 
and  consecrated  in  1850,  has  been,  prin- 
cipally by  his  active  exertions,  erected  at 
the  cost  of  1,3G0/.  and  endowed  with  1,000/. 
besides  700/.  for  a  parsonage,  of  which  he 
was  shortly  to  have  laid  the  foundation 
stone.  He  also  materially  contributed  to 
the  enlargement  of  the  ancient  parish 
church  of  Whitby,  and  to  the  erection  of 
that  of  St.  John's. 

In  1842  he  published  a  pamphlet  show- 
ing the  inefficient  state  of  schools  for  the 
poor  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Whitby :  and 
since  that  period  schools  have  been  erected 
at  Whitby,  Staithes,  Lyth,  and  Danby. 
or  the  National  Schools  at  Whitby,  and 
of  the  Infant  Schools,  he  was,  from  their 
establishment,  either  Treasurer  or  Secre- 
tary, or  both ;  and  for  many  years  he 
was  Secretary  of  the  Lancasterian  schoo^ 
From  the  year  1838  he  has  been  President 
of  the  Whitby  Literary  and  Philosophical 
Society;  and,  on  the  foundation  of  the 
Whitby  Institute  in  1845,  he  also  became 
President  of  that  association.  Before  both 
he  frequently  delivered  lectures,  among 
the  subjects  of  which  were, — The  English 
Poets ;  The  varieties  of  style  in  the  Sacred 
Scriptures,  considered  more  especially  with 
reference  to  their  poetical  character ;  and 
one  on  Mechanics'  Institutions — by  which 
last  he  was  gratified  in  effecting  his  prin- 
cipal object,  that  of  attracting  attention 


Obituary,— TAomo*  Saundei*8,  Esq.  F.S.A.        [April, 

nasteries  to  the  parishioners  of  the  new 
parish  of  St.  Saviour,  which  was  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  parishes  of  St  Margaret 
and  St  Mary  Magdalen.  /The  church  had 
suffered  in  the  course  of  time  very  con- 
siderable dilapidations,  but  had  for  a  few 
previous  years  been  undergoing  extensive 
repairs,*  which  met  with  a  course  of 
constant  opposition  from  a  party  which 
sympathised  neither  with  its  parochial 
claims,  its  architectural  beauties»  or  its 
historical  associations.  Their  vigorous  at- 
tack required  an  equally  resolute  defence. 
Mr.  Saunders  and  his  friends  threw  them- 
selves  on  the  good-feeling  of  the  public  at 
large,  and  spared  neither  labour  nor  ex* 
pense  to  raise  subscriptions  that  might  in 
part  at  least  alleviate  the  parish  rates. 
This  was  effected  in  great  measure  by  his 
personal  influence,  and  by  the  employment 
of  eloquent  advocates  and  coadjutors, — 
among  the  most  active  of  whom  were  Mr. 
Sydney  Taylor,  Mr.  A.  J.  Kempe,  F.S.A.9 
and  Mr.  £.  J.  Carlos  (all  now  no  more)^ 
who  eloquently  by  their  speeches  and  their 
writings  maintaioed  the  claims  of  the  struc- 
ture. A  large  sum  was  raised  by  sub- 
scriptions, and  by  other  means,  as  con- 
certs, fancy-fairs,  &c,  but  all  was  insuf- 
ficient to  cover  the  expenses,  and  we  find 
that  700/.  was  still  due  to  Mr.  Saunden 
at  the  commencement  of  1835.  (Gent. 
Mag.  Jan.  1835,  p.  83.)  However,  the 
object  was  effected.  The  Lady  Chapel  was 
admirably  restored,  principally  by  the  pro- 
fessional skill  and  gratuitous  liberality  of 
Mr.  George  Gwilt,  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  a  committee,  consisting  of 
two  architects,  Mr.  L.  N.  Cottingham  and 
Mr.  James  Savage  (both  since  deceased), 
and  of  three  other  members,  viz.  Mr. 
Saunders,  Mr.  Carlos,  and  Mr.  G.  R. 
Corner,  F.S.A. 

After  the  Lady  Chapel  had  been  re- 
stored by  the  indefatigable  exertions  of 
Mr.  Saunders,  and  his  friends  and  co- 
labourers,  it  would  have  been  conceaM 
from  public  view  but  for  his  continued 
and  most  persevering  zeal.  Hie  Corpora- 
tion of  London  were  desirous  of  buUding 


432 


to  the  advantages  of  class-instruction,  and 
increasing  the  numbers  of  those  willing  to 
avail  themselves  of  them.  Mr.  Belcher 
was  also  President  of  the  Choral  Society, 
and  the  Floral  and  Horticultural  Society ; 
and  one  of  the  Secretaries  of  the  Agricul- 
taral  Society. 

Besides  the  pamphlet  already  mentioned, 
he  wrote  one  in  1845  setting  forth  the  ad- 
vantages of  the  West  Cliff  at  Whitby  for 
building  purposes ;  and  he  also  wrote  the 
letterpress  of  a  very  pretty  book  on  the 
Scenery  of  the  Whitby  and  Pickering 
Railway. 

Mr.  Belcher  died  suddenly  of  aneurism 
of  the  heart,  whilst  visiting  his  sisters  at 
Warwick ;  and  his  body  was  interred  in 
the  cemetery  of  St.  Mary's  church  in  that 
town.  The  same  day  was  observed  at 
Whitby  by  a  cessation  from  business  and 
labour,  and  two  sermons  were  preached, 
one  in  St  John's  church  by  the  Rev.  James 
Davidson,  M.A.  and  the  other  in  Gros- 
mont  church  by  the  Rev.  William  Keane, 
M.A.  Vicar  of  Whitby. 

A  portrait  of  Mr.  Belcher,  painted  for 
the  Whitby  Institute,  now  hangs  in  their 
reading-room ;  and  another  has  been  re- 
cently lithographed  from  a  daguerreotype. 
It  is  intended  to  fill  the  chancel  window 
of  Grosmont  church  with  stained  glass,  as 
a  further  memorial  of  his  public  spirit  and 
active  beneficence. 


Thomas  Saunoers,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

Jan,  25.  At  West  Lodge,  Hammer- 
smith, aged  68,  Thomas  Saunders,  esq. 
Comptroller  of  the  Chamber  of  the  City 
of  London,  one  of  the  Directors  of  the 
London  Life  Association,  and  F.S.A. 

This  very  amiable  and  benevolent  gen- 
tleman was  the  son  of  Mr.  James  Saunders, 
citizen  and  fishmonger  of  London,  for 
many  years  one  of  the  members  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Council  for  the  ward  of 
Billingsgate.  He  was  articled  to  Mr. 
James  Hall,  solicitor,  of  Salters'  Hall. 

In  1814  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Council  for  Bridge 
Ward  (his  brother  Mr.  Nathaniel  Saun- 
ders being  then  a  Common  Councilman  of 
the  same  ward) ;  and  he  continued  a  mem- 
ber until  the  year  1820. 

Mr.  Saunders  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  Dec.  24,  1829  ; 
and  a  little  more  than  twenty  years  ago  he 
filled  a  very  conspicuous  part  in  the  anti- 
quarian world,  by  his  zealous  exertions  for 
the  preservation  of  **  The  Ladye  Chapel,*^ 
attached  to  the  eastern  end  of  the  church 
of  St.  Saviour  in  the  borough  of  South- 
wark.  That  fine  and  spacious  church, 
which  was  formerly  the  conventual  church 
of  St.  Mary  Overie,  was  granted  by  king 
Henrv  VIII,  after  the  dissolution  of  mo- 


*  The  tower — which  had  a  far  more 
magnificent  aspect  before  the  level  of  the 
adjoining  bridge  and  roads  was  raised,  and 
before  Alderman  Humphery  had  neariy 
buried  it  within  his  colossal  wardiouaes— 
and  also  the  choir,  had  been  thoroughly 
restored  some  ten  years  before.  We  find 
a  statement  in  the  spring  of  1832  that 
30,000/.  had  then  been  expended,  and  that 
20,000/.  more  would  be  required,  'in- 
cluding the  nave.  The  repairs  of  the  Ladv 
Chapel  were  estimated  at  3,500/.  of  which 
2,000/.  had  been  collected.  (Gent  Mac. 
April  1832,  p.  302.) 


1854.] 


Obituary.— «7oA«  Martin^  Esq, 


4^3 


houses  in  Wellington-street,  which  would 
have  shut  in  the  church,  but  Mr.  Saunders 
obtained,  through  a  Committee  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  that  a  space  of  140 
feet  in  width  should  be  left  open,  in  order 
that  this  noble  ecclesiastical  structure 
might  be  seen,  and  form  as  it  does  the 
best  ornament  to  the  entrance  to  the  City 
by  London  Bridge. 

The  most  lamentable  consequence  of  this 
affair  was  that  the  strength  of  the  friends 
of  St.  Mary  Overies  Church  was  exhausted 
by  their  prolonged  and  repeated  efforts  : 
and  after  they  had  preserved  the  Lady 
Chapel,  which,  however  admirable  in  its 
architecture,  was  after  all  merely  an  ex- 
crescence of  the  church  itself — the  De- 
structive party,  within  a  few  years,  had  in 
turn  their  triumph  and  their  revenge,  for, 
under  the  pretence  that  the  roof-timbers 
were  decayed,  the  nave  or  main  body  of 
the  edifice  was  destroyed,  and  a  miserable 
substitute  erected  in  its  place. 

There  was  another  church,  on  the 
northern  approach  to  London  Bridge,  to 
which  Mr.  Saunders  extended  his  regard. 
This  was  Saint  Michael's  Crooked  Lane, 
which  was  removed  in  order  to  form  King 
William  Street.  The  late  Mr.  Herbert, 
librarian  to  the  City  of  London  at  Guild- 
hall, was  employed  by  Mr.  Saunders  to 
commemorate  its  history  and  its  sepnlchral 
memorials  ;  but  only  two  portions  were 
printed,  consisting  of  100  pages,  8vo.  1B31. 

Mr.  Saunders  was  elected  Comptroller 
of  the  Chamber  of  London  in  1841,  and 
he  was  so  universally  beloved  in  the  city 
of  London  that  his  election  was  almost 
unanimous.  Previously  to  his  undertaking 
this  office,  he  held  the  appointments  of 
Vestry  Clerk  of  the  several  parishes  of 
St.  Martin  Vintry,  St.  Michael  Royal,  St. 
Benet  Gracechurch,  St.  Leonard  East- 
cheap,  St.  Mary  Bothaw,  and  AUhallows 
the  Great,  which  he  then  resigned.  He 
was  also  Clerk  of  Dowgate  Ward,  and 
Honorary  Solicitor  to  the  Shipwrecked 
Mariners'  Royal  Benevolent  Society.  This 
was  only  one  instance  of  bis  untiring  zeal 
in  good  works — in  fact,  he  was  one  of  the 
most  unselfish  of  men.  The  Noviomagian 
Society  (of  Antiquaries),  of  which  he  was 
an  old  and  much-esteemed  member,  will 
long  cherish  the  memory  of  their  genial 
and  kind-hearted  "Comptroller." 

He  married  Susanna,  daughter  of  James 
Goulding,  esq.  who  is  left  his  widow,  with 
two  sons,  Thomas  and  John  (both  unmar- 
ried), and  four  daughters.  Of  the  latter, 
Sarah,  the  eldest,  was  married  in  1852  to  the 
Rev.  Edward  Hardwicke,  of  Arley,co.  Staf- 
ford ;  and  Maria,  the  third,  in  1849  to 
Eugene  Hardwicke,  esq.  of  Franche  Court, 
CO.  Worcester. 


Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


John  Martin,  Esq. 

Feb,  17.  At  the  hou:jC  of  Thomas  Wil- 
son, esq.  Douglas,  Isle  of  Man,  aged  64, 
John  Martin,  esq.  of  Lindsey  house,  Chel- 
sea, the  Painter  of  Belshazzar's  Feast. 

This  great  artist  was  a  Northumbrian 
by  birth,  having  first  seen  the  light  at 
Haydon  Bridge.  His  brother,  the  "  Natu- 
ral Philosopher,"  was  born  at  Tow  House, 
near  Haltwhistle;  while  his  equally  noto- 
rious relative,  the  incendiary  of  York 
Minster,  first  saw  the  light  at  High  House, 
near  Hexham.  His  parentage  was  humble, 
his  father  having  taught  the  small  sword 
and  singlestick  at  the  Chancellor's  Head 
in  Newcastle ;  but  deceased  overcame  the 
difficulties  of  his  early  position  in  life  in  a 
manner  peculiar  to  great  geniuses. 

From  notes  supplied  by  Martin  him- 
self— chiefly  to  the  "  Atheneum ''  in  former 
years — we  are  able  to  trace  the  outline  of 
his  career.  *'  I  was  born  at  a  house  called 
the  East-land  Ends,  Haydon  Bridge,  near 
Hexham,  19th  of  July,  1789,  and  received 
the  rudiments  of  my  education  at  the  well- 
known  free  school  of  that  place.  Having, 
from  my  earliest  years,  attempted  to  draw, 
and  expressed  a  determination  to  *  be  a 
painter,^  the  question  arose  *  how  to  turn 
my  desires  to  profitable  account  ;*  and  it 
was  ultimately  decided  to  make  me  a  herald 
painter — in  consequence  of  which,  upon 
the  removal  of  my  family  to  Newcastle,  I 
was,  when  fourteen,  apprenticed  to  Wil- 
son,  the  coach -builder,  of  that  town.  I 
worked  with  him  for  a  year,  in  no  small 
degree  disgusted  at  the  drudgery  which, 
as  junior  apprentice,  I  had  to  endure,  and 
at  not  being  allowed  to  practise  the  higher 
mysteries  of  the  art ;  when,  just  previously 
to  the  expiration  of  the  year  (from  which 
period  I  was  to  have  an  increase  of  pay), 
one  of  the  senior  apprentices  told  me  that 
my  employer  would  evade  the  payment  of 
the  first  quarter,  on  the  ground  that  '  I 
went  on  trial,*  and  that  '  it  was  not  in  the 
indentures.'  As  it  had  been  foretold,  so 
it  turned  out.  Upon  claiming  the  increase, 
I  was  referred  to  my  articles,  and  the  ori- 
ginal sum  was  tendered.  This  I  indig- 
nantly rejected,  saying,  *  What !  you're 
soon  beginning  then,  and  mean  to  serve 
me  the  same  as  you  did  such  an  one  ?  but 
/  won^t  submit ;'  and,  turning  on  my  heel, 
I  hastened  home.  My  father  highly  ap- 
proved of  my  conduct,  declared  that  I 
should  not  go  back,  and  immediately  fur- 
nished me  with  proper  drawing  materials, 
the  most  satisfactory  reward  I  could  re- 
ceive. I  worked  away  to  my  hearths  con- 
tent for  some  days;  when,  at  length,  while 
so  employed,  the  town  sergeant  came  to 
take  me  off  to  the  Guildhall  to  answer 
charges  brought  against  me  by  my  master. 
I  was  dreadfully  frightened,  the  more  so 

3K 


434 


Obituary.— •/oAw  Martin,  Esq. 


[April, 


as  none  of  my  family  were  within  call  .to 
accompany  me ;  and  on  entering  the  court 
my  heart  sunk  at  the  sight  of  the  alder- 
men, and  my  master,  with  lowering  face, 
and  his  witnesses.     I  was  charged  on  oath 
with  insolence,  having  run  away,  rebellious 
conduct,  and  threatening  to  do  a  private 
injury.    In  reply,  I  simply  stated  the  facts 
as  they  occurred.     The  witness  produced 
against  me  proved  the  correctness  of  my 
statement  in   every   particular;  and  the 
consequence  was  a  decision  in  my  favour. 
Turning,  then,  to  my  master,  I  said,  *  You 
have  stated  your  dissatisfaction  with  me, 
and  apprehensions  of  my  doing  you  a  pri- 
vate injury ;   under  these  circumstances, 
you  can  have  no  objection  to  returning 
my  indentures.*    Mr.  Wilson  was  not  pre- 
pared for  this,  but  the  alderman  imme- 
diatelv  said,  *  Yes,  Mr.  Wilson,  you  must 
give  the  boy  his  indentures.'     They  were 
accordingly  handed  over  to  me ;  and  I  was 
BO  overjoyed  that,  without  waiting  longer, 
I  bowed  and  thanked  the  court,  and  run- 
ning off  to  the  coach  factory,  flourished 
the  indentures  over  my  head,  crying,  '  I 
have  got  my  indentures,  and  your  master 
has  taken  a  false  oath ;  and  I  don't  know 
whether  he  is  not  in  the  pillory  by  this  ! ' 
My  family  were  delighted  with  the  spirit 
I  had  displayed,  and  at  my  emancipation 
from  an  occupation  they  saw  was  uncon- 
genial ;  and  my  father  at  once  took  mea- 
sures to  place  me  under  an  Italian  majiter 
of  great  merit  and  some  reputation  in 
Newcastle,   named   Boniface  Musso,  the 
father  of  the  celebrated  enamel  painter, 
Charles   Musso   or   Muss.      I    remained 
under  his  instructions  about  a  year,  when 
Mr.  C.  Muss,  who  was  settled  in  London, 
wished  his  father  to  come  uud  reside  with 
him,  and  M.  Musso  urged  upon  my  parents 
the  advantage  of  my  accompanying  him. 
After  much  cugitation,  many  misgivings 
on  my  mother's  part,  and  solemn  charges 
to  our  friend,  it  was   ultimately  agreed 
that  I  should  join  him  in  London  within  a 
few   months.      J    accordingly   arrivcjd   in 
London  at  the  beginning  of  September, 
1806. 

"  My  first  resolve  on  leaving  my  pa- 
rents was,  never  more  to  receive  that  pe- 
cuniary assistance  which  I  knew  could  not 
be  spared,  and  by  perseverance  I  was  ena- 
bled to  keep  this  resolution.  Some  months 
after  my  arrival  in  London,  finding  I  was 
not  so  comfortable  as  I  could  wish  in  Mr. 
C.  Muss*s  family,  1  removed  to  Adam 
Street  West,  Cumberland  Place,  and  it 
was  there  that,  by  the  closest  application 
till  two  and  three  oV'lock  in  the  morning, 
in  the  depth  of  winter,  I  obtained  that 
knowledge  of  perspective  and  architecture 
which  has  since  been  so  valuable  to  me. 
I  was  at  this  time,  during  the  day,  em- 


ployed by  Mr.  C  Muss's  firm,  painting 
on  china  and  glass,  by  which,  and  makinc 
water-colour  drawings,  and  teaching,  I 
supported  myself;  in  fact,  mine  wai  a 
struggling  artist's  life,  when  I  married, 
which  I  did  at  nineteen.  It  was  now  in- 
deed necessary  for  me  to  work,  and  ai  I 
was  ambitious  of  fame,  I  determined  on 
painting  a  large  picture.  I  therefore,  in 
1812,  produced  my  first  work,  Sadak  in 
search  of  the  Waters  of  Oblivion,  which 
was  executed  in  a  month.  You  may  easily 
guess  my  anxiety  when  I  overheard  the 
men  who  were  to  place  it  in  the  frame  dia- 
puting  as  to  which  was  the  top  of  &ie  pic- 
ture 1  Hope  almost  forsook  me,  for  mnch 
depended  on  this  work.  It  was,  howerer, 
sold  to  the  late  Mr.  Manning,  the  Bank 
director,  for  fifty  guineas,  and  well  do  I 
remember  the  inexpressible  delight  my 
wife  and  I  experienced  at  the  time.  My 
next  works  were  Paradise,  which  was  sold 
to  a  Mr.  Spong  for  seventy  guineas,  and 
The  Expulsion,  which  is  in  my  own  pos- 
session. My  next  painting,  Clytie,  1814, 
was  sent  to  Mr.  West,  the  President,  for 
his  inspection,  and  it  was  on  this  oocasioii 
that  I  fiirst  met  Leslie,  now  so  deservedly 
celebrated.  I  shall  never  forget  the  ur- 
bane manner  with  which  West  introduced 
us,  saying  that  we  must  become  acquainted, 
as  young  artists  who,  he  prophe8ied,«woald 
reflect  honour  on  their  respective  coaa- 
tries.'' 

Sadak,  Martin's  first  picture,  was  hang 
in  the  Royal  Academy.  The  Expulsiov 
was  sent  to  the  British  Institution ;  the 
Paradise  to  the  Academy,  where  it  ob- 
tained a  place  in  the  great  room.  Tliie 
circumstance  seemed  to  Martin  the  wia« 
ning  of  his  spurs ;  and  the  next  year,  when 
the  Clytie  was  hung  in  one  of  the  ante- 
rooms, he  resented  the  act  as  an  insult  to 
his  fame.  His  next  picture  was  Joshua ; 
this  again  was  put  into  the  ante-room, 
though,  when  it  was  afterwards  exhibited 
in  Pall  Mall,  it  attracted  much  attention, 
and  carried  off  the  prize  of  the  year.  Hie 
picture,  however,  hung  in  the  painter'e 
studio  for  years,  and  was  not  sold  until 
liis  fame  was  well  established  and  widely 
spread.  It  then  found  a  purchaser  aa  a 
companion  piece  to  Belshauar's  Feast. 

To  return  to  Mr.  Martin's  own  notei  of 
his  life :  '*  Down  to  this  period  I  had 
supported  myself  and  family  by  parening 
almost  every  branch  of  my  profeaaion— * 
teaching,  painting  small  oil  plcturet,  glan 
enamel  paintings,  water-colour  drawing!, 
in  fact,  the  usual  tale  of  a  ttru^liog 
artist's  life.  I  had  been  to  snoceaafu 
with  my  sepia  drawings,  that  the  Biahop 
of  Salisbury  (Fisher),  the  tutor  to  the 
Princess  Charlotte,  advised  me  not  to  ride 
my  reputation  by  attempting  the  large 


1854.] 


Obituary. — John  Martin,  Esq. 


435 


picture  of  Joshua.  As  is  generally  the 
case  in  such  matters,  these  well-meant  re- 
commendations had  no  efTect ;  but,  at  all 
events,  the  confidence  I  had  in  my  powers 
was  justified,  for  the  success  of  my  Joshua 
opened  a  new  era  to  me.  In  1818  T  re- 
moved to  a  superior  house,  and  had  to 
devote  my  time  mainly  in  executing  some 
immediately  profitable  works ;  but,  in 
1819,  I  produced  The  Fall  of  Babylon, 
which  was  second  only  to  the  Belshazzar 
in  the  attention  it  excited.  The  following 
year  came  Macbeth,  one  of  my  most  suc- 
cessful landscapes.  Then,  in  1821,  Bel- 
shazzar*8  Feast,  an  elaborate  picture, 
which  occupied  a  year  in  executing,  and 
which  received  the  premium  of  200/.  from 
the  British  Institution." 

"  My  picture  of  Belshazzar's  Feast  ori- 
ginated in  an  argument  with  AUston.  He 
was  himself  going  to  paint  the  subject, 
and  was  explaining  his  ideas,  which  ap- 
peared to  me  altogether  wrong,  and  I  gave 
him  my  conception  ;  he  then  told  me  that 
there  was  a  prize  poem  at  Cambridge, 
written  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Hughes,  which  ex- 
actly tallied  with  my  notions,  and  advised 
me  to  n  ad  it.  I  did  so,  and  determined 
on  painting  the  picture.  I  was  strongly 
dissuaded  from  tikis  by  many,  among  others 
Leslie,  who  so  entirely  differed  from  my 
notions  of  the  treatment,  that  he  called  on 
purpose,  and  spent  part  of  a  morning  in 
the  vain  endeavour  of  preventing  my  com- 
mitting myself,  and  so  injuring  the  repu- 
tation I  was  obtaining.  This  opposition 
only  confirmed  my  intentions,  and  in  18^21 
I  exhibited  my  picture." 

In  the  succeeding  year,  Martin  produced 
his  Destruction  of  Ilerculaneum  ;  in  1823 
appeared  The  Seventh  Plague  and  The 
Paphian  Bower  ;  in  1894  The  Creation ; 
in  182G  The  Deluge;  and  in  1828  The  Fall 
of  Nineveh.  This  completed  the  cycle  of 
his  greater  works.  The  artist's  illustra- 
tions of  Milton,  for  which  he  received 
2,000  guineas,  were  drawn  by  him  on  the 
plates.  His  principal  pictures  are,  or  were, 
in  the  galleries  of  Mr.  Hope,  Lord  De 
Tabley,  the  Dukes  of  Buckingham  and 
Sutherland,  Prince  Albert,  Mr.  Scaris- 
brick,  and  Earl  Grey. 

Of  late  Mr.  Martin's  name  has  been 
much  and  very  honourably  before  the  public 
in  connexion  with  various  plans  for  the 
improvement  of  London,>liis  genius  dealing 
with  the  am])le  spaces  and  actual  facts  of 
the  modern  Babylon  as  it  had  previously 
done  with  those  of  the  imagination.  Other 
schemes  al.<^o  occupied  his  mind.  As  he 
iiimself  reports  of  all  these  multiplied  ac- 
tivities,— "  My  attention  was  first  occupied 
in  endeavouring  to  procure  an  improved 
supply  of  pure  water  to  London,  diverting 
the  sewage  from  the  rivef)  and  rendering 


it  available  as  manare ;  and  in  1837  and 
1828  I  published  plans  for  the  purpose. 
In  1829  I  published  further  plans  for  ac- 
complishing the  same  objects  by  different 
means,  namely,  a  weir  across  theThameSy 
and  for  draining  the  marshy  lands,  &c.  In 
1832,  1834,  1836,1838,  1842,1843,1845, 
and  1847,  I  published  and  republished  ad- 
ditional particulars — being  so  bent  upon 
my  object  that  I  was  determined  never  to 
abandon  it ;  and  though  I  have  reaped  no 
other  advantage,  I  have  at  least  the  satis- 
faction of  knowing  that  the  agitation  thus 
kept  up,  constantly,  solely  by  myself,  has 
resulted  in  a  vast  alteration  in  the  quan- 
tity an'd  quality  of  the  water  supplied  by 
the  companies,  and  in  the  establishment 
of  a  Board  of  Health,  which  will,  in  all 
probability,  eventually  carry  out  most  of 
the  objects  I  have  been  so  long  urging. 
Amongst  the  other  proposals  which  I  have 
advanced  are, — my  railway  connecting  the 
river  and  docks  with  all  the  railways  that 
diverge  from  London,  and  apparently  ap- 
•proved  by  the  Railway  Termini  Commis- 
sioners, as  the  line  they  intimate  coincides 
with  that  submitted  by  me,  and  published 
in  their  report ;  the  principle  of  rail 
adopted  by  the  Great  Western  line ;  the 
lighthouse  for  the  sands  appropriated  by 
Mr.  Walker  in  his  Maplin  Sand  light- 
house ;  the  flat  anchor  and  wire  cable ; 
mode  of  ventilating  coal-mines ;  floating 
harbour  and  pier  ;  iron  ship  ;  and  various 
other  inventions  of  comparatively  minor 
importance,  but  all  conducing  to  the  great 
ends  of  improving  the  health  of  the  coun- 
try, increasing  the  produce  of  the  land, 
and  furnishing  employment  for  the  people 
in  remunerative  works." 

Mr.  Martin's  quarrel  with  the  Royal 
Academy — as  in  the  case  of  Haydon — was 
of  ancient  date;  but  his  permanent  exclu- 
sion from  their  body  was  the  result  of  his 
independence  rather  than  of  their  blind- 
ness or  jealousy.  Martin,  from  the  heights 
of  popular  favour,  chose  to  look  down  on 
the  honours  to  be  gained  in  Somerset 
House  or  Trafalgar-square.  He  withdrew 
his  name  from  the  books,  and  the  acade- 
micians, however  willing  to  elect  him,  had 
lost  the  power. 

Martin  was  a  Knight  of  the  order  of 
Leopold  of  Austria ;  but  had  received  no 
other  honours  in  his  oWn  country  than  the 
popular  estimation  of  his  works. 

The  painter  was  seized  with  the  illness 
which  has  terminated  his  career  on  the 
I2th  of  November.  While  engaged  in 
painting — being  apparently  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  good  health — he  was  suddenly 
attacked  with  a  paralytic  stroke,  which 
deprived  him  of  the  use  of  speech  and  of 
his  right  hand.  His  family  was  assured 
that  recovery  from  the  attack  was  impro- 


4d6 


M.  Blanqui.-^Clergy  Deceased. 


[April, 


bable, — but  hope  was  held  out  that  he 
would  not  be  soon  taken  away.  About  a 
fortnight  after  the  seizure  he  ceased  to 
take  food,  except  in  the  very  smallest 
quantities, — giving  to  his  attendants  the 
impression  that  in  so  doing  he  was  acting 
on  some  principle  which  he  had  accepted 
in  his  own  mind,  though  ho  had  no  longer 
the  power  to  explain  the  why  and  where- 
fore. Nothing  would  induce  him  to  change 
this  system  of  rigid  abstinence, — and  the 
consequence  was,  that  nature  received  an 
inefficient  sustenance  from  without,  and  he 
gradually  sank  in  strength  and  spirits  until 
the  17  th  Feb.  when  he  ceased  to  breathe 
about  six  in  the  evening.  Up  to  within 
an  hour  of  his  death  he  was  conscious,  and 
he  appeared  to  suffer  no  pain. 

The  mind  of  the  artist  kept  its  tone  and 
his  hand  its  power  to  the  last.  He  was 
working  on  pictures  illustrative  of  the  Last 
Judgment  within  a  few  weeks  of  his  death 
—The  Judgment,  The  Day  of  Wrath,  and 
The  Plains  of  Heaven.  On  these  large 
works  he  had  been  employed  for  the  last 
four  years — on  them  he  may  be  said  to 
have  spent  the  last  efforts  of  his  genius. 
Of  course  these  works  are  left  unfinished. 

Within  a  fortnight  of  his  death,  he  sat 
to  his  son,  Mr.  Chas.  Martin,  for  a  sketch 
of  his  head ;  and  he  then  pointed  out,  in 
his  son's  sketch,  the  artistic  faults,  with  a 
perfect  understanding  of  their  nature.  Mr. 
Martin  has  left  several  children — all  of 
them  grown  up. 

His  merits  were  too  great — too  original 
— not  to  be  freely  canvassed,  even  when 
they  were  not  fiercely  denied.  No  doubt 
his  art  was  theatrical.  He  addressed  the 
eye  rather  than  the  mind.  He  produced 
his  grand  effects  by  illusion — perhaps,  by 
imposition ;  but  it  is  not  to  be  gainsayed 
that  he  did  produce  effects.  Possibly  it 
was  scene-painting — sleight  of  hand  ;  but 
it  was  also  new.  If  easy,  the  style  was 
his  own.  Nobody  else  had  caught  the 
trick  by  which  he  ravished  the  senses  of 
the  multitude,  and  sometimes  dazzled  the 
imaginations  of  calmer  men.  Legitimate 
or  illegitimate,  there  was  a  spell  in  Mar- 
tin's art.  It  had  power  over  the  eye,  and 
often  led  captive  the  judgment. 


M.  Blanqvi. 

Jan.  28.  At  Paris,  aged  55,  Jerome 
Adolphe  Blanqui  (ain^*). 

He  was  born  in  1798  at  Nice,  the  eldest 
son  of  a  nuror rous  family ;  and  at  an  early 
age  was  introduced  into  the  service  of  hit 
country  in  the  department  of  Public  In- 
struction. In  1825  he  was  appointed  Pro- 
fessor of  Ilistoirc  et  Economie  Industrielle 
in  the  special  School  of  Commerce  at 
Paris.     In  1830  he  became  Director  of 


that  institution y  and  succeeded  the  cele- 
brated J.  B.  Say  as  Professor  of  Political 
Economy  at  the  Conservatoire  dee  Arts  et 
Metiers.  In  1836  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Academy  of  Moral  and  Political 
Sciences.  From  1846  to  1848  he  repre- 
sented the  department  of  La  Gironde,  in 
the  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

M.  Blanqui  had  travelled  throoghcmt 
Europe,  in  order  to  study  and  compare 
the  different  processes  of  industry  and  so- 
cial economy.  His  tours  for  these  objects 
have  been  reckoned  up  as  follows,— fifteen 
in  France,  ten  in  England,  five  in  Italy, 
two  in  Spain,  many  in  Germany,  Austria, 
Servia,  and  Uie  countries  of  the  East,  se- 
veral of  which  have  been  the  subjects  of 
books  and  scientific  memoirs.  After  an  • 
active  inquiry  for  three  years  througbont 
the  eighty-four  departments  of  France,  he 
last  year  finished  an  important  work  on 
the  agricultural  population  of  the  country, 
which  he  had  undertaken  by  order  of  the 
Academy  of  Moral  and  Political  Science*. 
His  most  able  woik,  however,  is  consi- 
dered to  be  his  Cours  d' Economie  Indus- 
trielle, consisting  of  his  lectures  delivered 
at  tlie  Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Madera. 
His  powers  as  a  public  speaker  were  aa 
remarkable  as  the  mastery  which  he  bad 
acquired  over  the  subjects  of  his  disquisi- 
tions. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Sept.  ..  At  Port  Philip,  the  Kcv.  Hkhati 
Richej/,  late  cnrate  of  Athboy,  dioc.  Meath. 

I}ec.  12.  The  Ker.  WOtiam  1).  Murray^  Curate 
of  St.  Nichohis  WlUiout,  Dublin. 

Dtc.  14.  At  Alexander- sqnare,  London,  aged  61, 
the  Rev.  Robti't  Jay. 

Dec.  15.  At  Stoke'8  Croft,  Bristol,  aged  77, 
the  Hev.  Samuel  Eyte,  M.A.  He  was  the  ytrannat 
son  of  the  Kev.  John  Eyre,  D.D.  of  Wylye,  YfSfOt. 

Dtr.  17.  Aged  40,  the  Rev.  Robert  RiOiard  ila- 
*/tV^,Perp.  Curate  of  Wiggington,  Herts.  (1847). 
He  wa:i  a  Student  of  Christ  Clmrch,  Oxfora,  B  JL 
1835,  M.A.  1837. 

At  the  Church  houM,  Windsor,  aged  78,  tke 
Rev.  J<An  Jfairtrey,  Rector  of  KInfpiton  Seymovrp 
Somersetshire  (IS.'iO).  In  the  early  partOThls  Mb 
he  won  in  tlie  Dragoon  Guards,  and  for  some  time 
paht,  during  a  temporary  residence  with  his  son 
the  Itev.  Stephen  Hawtrey,  one  of  the  masters  of 
Eton,  had  preached  and  lectured  at  the  mOitBnr 
church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  In  Windsor  (of  wtakb 
hi.s  M)n  i.H  incumbent),  and  had  so  gained  tlie 
esteem  of  the  military  in  garrison  that  they  bed 
frequently  exhibited  their  appreciation  of  his  qpl- 
ritual  teaching  by  presenting  htm  with  ssveni 
gratifying  testimonials.  As  their  last  trUmteof 
rcfl^ard,  they  rcquented  to  attend  his  fhneral, 
wliich  proceeded  from  Windsor  to  the  cemetery  at 
Eton  08  follows:  Mutes;  the  hearse,  drawn  hv 
four  horses,  with  ten  of  the  noo-^ommtortoned  <w» 
fleers  of  the  1st  Life  (inards,  in  fhll  onifBrm,  walk- 
ing at  each  5ide,  by  whom  the  coffin  was  afterwards 
borne  to  the  grave ;  four  monmhig  coaches,  < 
taining  the  relatircs  and  friends  of  the 
followed  by  sixteen  of  the  non-commisslone 
tioers  and  ))rivatos  of  tlie  Sd  Life  Goards 
Regent's  Park  barracks,  who,  at  thcdr  own  i 
formed  a  deputation  fhan  that  leffimeat. 
service  won  performed  by  the  Rer.  the  Fnrttfk  eC 


1854.] 


Clergy  Deceased. 


437 


Eton,  cousin  of  the  docea^ed,  who^c  family  lias 
long  b^n  connected  with  that  ancient  seat  of 
learning.  A  tablet  to  his  memory  will  be  erected 
in  the  military  church  by  the  voluntary  subsciip- 
tionti  of  the  soldiers  of  the  Household  Brigade. 

D€(.  18.  At  Boaz  Island,  Bermuda,  aged  68, 
the  Iter.  Robert  Mantach,  M.A.  Chaplain  to  the 
Convict  Establishment, 

Dec.  19.  At  Beckingham,  Notts,  the  Rev.  James 
Stovin,  M.A.  Vicar  of  that  place  (1845).  He  was 
of  Corpus  Christ!  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1829, 
M.A.  1834. 

Dee.  20.  At  Weston  by  Welland,  Northampton- 
shire, in  his  67th  year,  the  Kev.  Jaines  Ualke^  M.A. 
Rector  of  that  parish.  He  was  originally  a  mem- 
ber of  Sydney  Sussex  college,  Cambridge,  gra- 
duAtc<l  B.A.  1809,  was  elected  Fellow  of  Clare 
hull,  and  proceeded  M.A.  1812.  He  was  presented 
to  his  living  in  1831  by  Lord  Sondes. 

D€c.2\.  At  Baslow,  Derb.  aged  54,  the  Rev. 
Anthony  Aunol  Barker ^  Incumbent  of  the  parish 
( 1824).  He  yr&a  of  St.  Peter's  college,  Cambrid^, 
B.A.  1821,  M.A.  1833. 

At  Uamblcdon,  Surrey,  aged  56,  the  Rev.  W. 
Wili-inMn^  Rector  of  that  place  (1850). 

Dec.  26.  At  South  Warnborough,  Hants,  aged 
8.'>,  the  Rev,  Thomas  Alston  Warren^  B.D.  Rector 
of  that  parish  (1814).  He  was  formerly  Fellow  of 
St.  John's  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1791,  M.A.  1795, 
B.D.  1800. 

Dee.  27.  At  Sliema,  in  Malta,  whither  he  had 
gone  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  aged  40,  tlio  Rev. 
George  Lery,  M.A.  He  was  brother  of  the  Rev.  T.  B. 
J^evy,  Fellow  of  Queen's  college,  Oxford ;  and  was 
of  the  same  college,  B.A.  1838,  M.A.  1847.  The 
deceased  was  the  second  uicumbent  of  Emmanuel 
church,  Bolton-le- Moors,  to  which  he  was  insti- 
tuted in  1841,  and  where  he  will  be  long  remem- 
bered for  his  zealous  and  painstaking  ministerial 
labours,  hin  extensive  charities  to  the  poor  of  a 
very  populous  district,  and  for  the  kindness  and 
urbanity  of  his  disposition,  which  secured  him 
general  esteem  in  private  life. 

Dec.  29.  At  Haxey,  Line,  aged  54,  the  Rev. 
John  Dobs&n,  Vicar  of  that  parish  (1845). 

Dec.  31 .  At  DubUn,  the  Rev.  John  Haslam,  late 
Curate  of  Clondegad,  co.  Clare. 

Latehi.  At  Dublin ,  aged  70,  the  Rev.  Edvcard 
{'lose.  Vicar  of  Emley,  co.  Tipperary.  He  was 
^I.A.  Trinity  college,  Dublin. 

Jan.  2.  In  Dublin,  aged  72,  the  Rev.  John 
Sicceneu,  Rector  of  Cleenish,  co.  Fermanagh. 

Jan.  h.  At  Wark  rectory,  Northumberland,  the 
residence  of  his  son  the  Rev.  John  Marshall,  aged 
84,  the  Rev.  Cornelius  MarshaU^  Rector  of  Faugh- 
art,  CO.  Louth,  to  which  he  was  in.stituted  in  1841. 

Jan.  8.  Of  injuries  received  three  days  before 
in  a  railway  accident  at  Thctford,  aged  38,  the 
Rev.  Joseph  BeU,onc  of  the  Senior  Fellows  of  Clare 
hull,  Cambridge,  and  Curate  of  Bunwell,  Norfolk. 
He  was  a  native  of  Chiml)erland ;  %vas  Curate  of 
Fomcctt  St.  Peter  from  1840  to  1848,  afterwards 
of  Bnrningham  near  Thetford,  and  latterly  of 
Bunwell  near  Attleborough.  By  his  own  desire 
his  bo<ly  mji-s  interred  at  Fomcett  St.  Peter  beside 
that  of  his  friend  the  late  Rector  the  Rev.  J.  D. 
Lane.  Almost  uU  the  neighbouring  clergy  were 
present. 

Aged  GO,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Forbes,  Minister  of  Bo- 
hami,  CO.  Banff.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Mr. 
«ieorgc  Forbes,  sheriflf  siibstitute  of  Banff;  gra- 
duated ^I.  A.  at  King's  college,  Aberdeen  ;  and  was 
presented  to  the  parish  of  Boharm  by  the  Earl  of 
Fife  in  1«16.  He  was  Moderator  of  the  CSeneral 
Assembly  in  1852,  and  there  was  scarcely  a  clergy- 
man north  of  Aberdeen  who  occupied  a  more  pro- 
minent position  in  the  eyes  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland. 

Jan.  10.  At  Soutlnvold,  Suffolk,  In  lib  60th 
year,  the  Rev.  I/ennj  William  Rous  Birch,  for  34 
years  Incumbent  of  Reydon  cum  South  wold,  to 
which  he  was  presented  in  1829  by  the  Earl  of 
Stradbroke.  He  was  of  Magdalene  college,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1815,  MJl.  1818. 


In  Dublin,  the  Rev.  Th»mai  Brooke,  Rector  of 
Urglin,  Carlow. 

In  Jamaica,  aged  33,  the  Rev.  Henry  James  Ste- 
vetuony  Incumbent  of  the  parish  of  St.  Thomas  in 
the  Vale.  He  was  of  Corpus  Christi  college, 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1844. 

At  Bakewell,  Derbyshire,  aged  55,  the  Rer. 
Charles  Thorold,  Rector  of  Lndboroogh,  Lincoln- 
shire, to  which  he  was  presented  in  1826  by  R. 
Thorold,  esq.  He  was  of  Emmanuel  college,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1823,  M.A.  1826. 

Jan.  13.  At  Preston,  Suffolk,  aged  55,  the  Rev. 
WaUam  Heard  Shelford,  Rector  of  that  place 
(1829).  He  was  formerly  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Emmannel  college,  Cambridge  ;  and  graduated 
B.A.  1820  as  13th  Wrangler,  M.A.  1823. 

Jan.  14.  At  Gloucester,  aged  53,  the  Rev.  Tfio^ 
mas  Ewtns^  D.D.  Mcar  of  Sandhurst  near  that  dty 
(1844),  for  many  years  Head  Master  of  the  King's 
School,  and  Chaplain  of  the  Gloucester  Lunatic 
Asylum.  He  was  of  Oriel  college,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1825,  M.A.  1832,  B.  and  D J).  1842. 

At  Northampton,  aged  81,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Hombuekk,  some  time  Rector  of  Watton,  Herts, 
and  late  Curate  of  Whiston,  co.  Northaonpton. 

At  the  Portobello  hotel,  Dublin,  aged  63,  the 
Rev.  J<^M  Usher. 

Jan.  15.  The  Rev.  Janus  MiOer,  D.D.  Vicar  of 
PitUngton,  and  one  of  the  Minor  Canons  of  Dor- 
ham  Cathedral,  to  both  of  which  preferments  he 
was  apiwinted  in  1822. 

Jan.  16.  At  Dfi-aoombe,  aged  79,  the  Ber. 
Wmiam  AUtn,  Ute  Fellow  of  St.  John's  college, 
Oxford,  BA.  1797,  M.A.  1801. 

AtCheddon,  Somerset,  aged  79,  the  Rev.  Francis 
Warre,  Rector  of  Cheddou  Fitzpaine  (1800)  and  of 
Hemyock,  co.  Devon  (1829),  and  a  Prebendary  of 
Wells  (1823).  He  was  of  Oriel  college,  Oxford, 
B.C.L.  1799,  D.C.L.  1829.  He  was  for  many  years 
an  active  magistrate  for  Somersetshire. 

Jan.  17.  Aged  63,  the  Rev.  James  SaUsbury 
Dunn,  Perp.  (Turate  of  Manningtree,  Essex  (1840). 
He  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  hJi. 
1816,  M.A.  1819. 

Jan.  18.  At  Liege,  the  Rev.  Charles  DUnoU  HiU, 
eldest  son  of  I'homas  Hill,  esq.  of  Brixton.  He  was 
of  St.  Peter's  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1826,  M.A.  1829. 

At  Bath,  aged  24,  the  Rev.  Henry  Chafyn  Oroce 
Morris,  B.A.  of  Christ  church,  Oxford,  late  Curate 
of  Cliard ;  eldest  son  of  John  Chaljm  Morris,  esq. 
R.N.  of  Mere  Park,  Wilts.  He  had  married,  only 
on  the  12th  Dec.  last,  Alice-Maria, daughter  of  the 
late  Rev.  WilUam  Bailey  WTiltehead,  M.A.  Pre- 
bendary of  Wells. 

Jan.  19.  At  the  Rev.  W.  PulUng's,  Eastnor 
rectory,  co.  Hereford,  aged  24,  the  Rev.  Henry 
FuOer,  fifth  son  of  Lieut.-Col.  Fuller,  C.B. 

Jan.  20.  At  Exeter,  aged  82,  the  Rev.  George 
Terry  Cctrwithen,  formerly  and  for  many  years  the 
faithful  and  esteemed  pastor  of  Newton  St.  CJyres, 
which  he  resigned  hi  1833.  He  was  of  St.  Peter's 
college,  CJambridge,  LL.B.  1795. 

At  Aberystwith,  aged  39,the  Rev.  Edaard  Jones, 
Perp.  Curate  of  Llanychaiam,  co.  Cardigan  (1853). 

Jan.  23.  At  Eccleston,  Lane,  aged  78,  the  Rev. 
Wmiam  Fates,  licctor  of  that  parish  (1813),  4o 
which  he  was  presented  by  Williun  Yates,  esq. 

Jan.  27.  At  Islington,  ajced  74,  the  Rev.  Tho- 
Mas  James  Jnumard,  \'icar  of  Ciodicote,  Herts. 
(1814).  He  was  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1802,  M.A.  1805,  and  was  collated  to  his  living 
in  1808  by  Dr.  Dampier,  then  Bishop  of  Ely. 

Jan.  28.  Aged  38,  the  Rev.  John  Leteis,  UJi. 
late  Curate  of  St.  Briavel's,  co.  Qlouc. 

Jan.  29.  At  Gittlsham,  Devon,  aged  56,  the 
Rev.  Tlwmas  John  Marker,  Rector  of  tliat  parish 
and  of  Farway,  and  a  magistrate  for  Uie  county. 

Jan.  30.  At  Shanganagh  castle,  near  Bray,  co. 
Dublin,  the  Rev.  Oeorge  Ooel^ntrn,  eldest  son  of 
the  hit«  General  Sir  George  (^ockbum,  (^C.H. 

At  Moleswortli,  co.  Huntingdon,  affed  74,  the 
Rev.  John  Oxlee,  Rector  of  that  parUli.  He  was 
formerly  Curate  of  Ston^prave,  and  Rector  of 
Scawton,  in  the  north  riding  of  Yorkshire. 


438 


Obituary. 


[April, 


At  nam,  Derbysh.  aged  77,  the  Kev.  Btmard 
Port^  for  more  than  half  a  century  the  Vicar  of 
that  parish. 

Jan.  31.  At  Oreat  Baddow,  near  Chelmiford, 
aged  65,  the  Rev.  liobert  Francis  Walker,  for  30 
years  Curate  of  Purlelgh,  near  ^laldou.  He  was 
of  New  college,  Oxford,  IJ.A.  1811,  M.A.  1813. 

Feb.  1.  At  Ilowick,  Nortlmraborland,  tlie  Kev. 
Onoahl  Head,  Kector  of  that  place  (1840),  Vicar  of 
Lesbury  (1839),  and  CImphilu  to  Eurl  Orey."  He 
wus  brother  to  John  Oswald  Uead,  esq.  of  Whlt- 
stnble ;  and  a  memlier  of  Trinity  college,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1M33,  M.A.  18SD. 

Feb.  2.  Aged  67,  the  itev.  Aaroa  ifaidnj,  of 
Knaresborough,  Perp.  Curate  of  Nidd,  near  Hip- 
ley,  lie  was  of  Pembroke  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1417,  &I.A.  1821. 

At  Sydenham,  aged  S.'i,  the  Ilev.  Chat  Jet  Eaton 
Plater,  Hector  of  Ncwchiirch,  Kent  (1K47).  He 
was  of  Con>n!*  Christ!  college,  (Cambridge,  B.A. 
1821.  Mr.  Plater  was  the  originator  of  MarllK)- 
rongh  college.  He  had  Just  arrived  at  Sydenham 
to  visit  his  son,  who  was  there  at  school,  when  on 
extending  his  hand  to  him  he  fell  down  and  almost 
instantly  expired. 

Feb.  4.  At  Iluxliall,  I^Ige,  Sufrolk,the  residence 
of  his  brother  K.  Bennet,  cmj.  the  Rev.  ChrUtopher 
Ilami  litnnet,  M.A.  Hef>tor  of  Ousden  in  that 
county.  He  was  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1828. 

Fth.f).  At  JJcMifurd,  Lincolnshire,  aged  ft3, 
the  Hev.  Ktjremoni  lUchardmn,  Kector  of  Ox- 
comb  (1842),  and  Curate  of  Bclshford.  He  was  of 
St.  Catharinr's  hall,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1823,  and 
was  prcsenteil  to  Oxcomb  in  1842  by  Benjamin 
Grant,  esq. 

At  WingleficM,  WiHs.  agc<l  72,  the  li^y.John 
Martyn  Longmirei  late  Curate  of  Westwood,  near 
Bradford  in  the  same  county,  and  Chaplain  to  the 
Bradford  Cnion  Workhouse.  He  was  nephew  to 
the  Hev.  Thomas  Martyn,  F.H.S.,  Professor  of 
Botany  at  Cambridge.  He  was  of  Sidney  Sus- 
sex college,  Cambridge,  LL.R.  1804,  and  was  for- 
merly Jiector  of  Hargrave,  co.  Northampton, 
which  he  resigned  in  1818.  He  held  for  twenty- 
six  years  the  curacy  of  Westwood,  which  he  quitted 
in  1851. 

/V6.  G.  At  Brenchley,  Kent,  uge^l  41,  the  Rev. 
Richard  Davies,  Vicar  of  that  place  (1848),  and 
Secretary  to  the  Church  Mls.sIonary  Society.  He 
wa««  of  Corpus  Christi  college,  Cambridge,  B.A. 
1835  M.A   1838 

Aged  5g',  the  i{ev.  Edmuml  mu.  Vicar  of  Kirt- 
ling,  Cambridgeshire.  Ife  was  the  second  son  of 
the  Kev.  Nicholas  Isaac  Hill,  Kector  of  Snallwell, 
in  the  same  county.  He  vras  of  Christ's  college, 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1824,  M.A.  IH27. 

Fdt.  9,  At  Beverley,  age.1  .W,  the  Rev.  Anthony 
Thomas  Carr,  M.A.  lncuml»ent  of  St.  John's 
chapel,  and  formerly  of  (Jncon's  col.  ('ambridge. 

Feb.  II.  Ajre<l  f)G,  the  I{ev.  William  Mills,  D.D. 
Rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Kxeter.  He  was  of  St.  John's 
college,  Cambridge,  IJ.A.  IKI.'.,  M.A.  1818,  D.D. 
1836.  He  was  for  twenty  years  one  of  the  Masters 
of  Harrow ;  in  18 . .  he  was  appointed  Head  Matter 
of  the  (rrammar  School  at  Lxeter,  and  he  resigned 
that  Office  In  18... 

Fvb.  12.  Aged  33,  the  Hev.  Augustus  Wittiam 
(Ue,  Perp.  Carateof  Langcliffc,  Yorkshire  (1852). 
He  was  of  .St.  John's  colle-^je,  Cambridge,  B.A. 
1842, M.A.  I84G. 

At  Higher  Broughton,  Manchester,  aged  53,  the 
Rev.  Osttald  Strf/^^antfi'&non  of  Manchester  (1832). 
He  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A. 
1823, M.A.  1H2G. 

At  .Southsea,  agcil  03,  the  Ilev.  Robert  Otveay 
Wilson,  H.D.  Pen*.  Curate  of  St.  Paul's  church, 
I'oolo,  Dorset.  (1833).  He  wa?  of  St.  .Fohn's  col- 
Icre,  Cambridge,  B.D.  1839. 

Ffh,  15.  At  llhnswcll,  Suffolk,  the  Rev.  Edward 
^'Intfilon  LatrtoH,  M.A.  eldest  son  of  the  Hev.  J. 
riiomas  Lawton,  Hector  of  Klmswell.  *He  was  of 
Clare  haU,  Cambridge,  B.A.  I8aa,  M.A.  1827. 


DEATHS, 

ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER. 

April  3,  18.'>3.  At  llelbonrne,  Australia,  the 
Hev.  C.  H.  Blackeit,  for  15  years  pastor  of  tfaa 
Independent  Church  at  Bumham  Westgate,  Morf. 

May  9.  Ageil  (>4,  Sir  Francis  Waskett  My«n, 
K.C.S.  of  Eaton-square,  and  Pentlow  hall,  near 
SudbiuT,  Suffolk. 

July  2.  At  Cambridge,  in  his  Snth  year,  Alfred 
Stephen  Kay,  esq.  B.A.  of  St.  John's  college,  only 
surviving  .son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Kay,  late  of  Preston, 
I<anc. 

July  A.  At  Linton,  aged  GI.  Frances,  relict  of 
the  late  Mr.  Henry  Bullen,  of  Cambridge,  dan.  of 
Alderman  Fnrlow,  several  times  .Mayor  of  Cam- 
bridt^  during  the  old  corporation. 

July  G.  At  her  son-in-law's  John  Kitson, 
es<i.  in  her  78th  year,  F.lizabeth,  widow  of  the 
Kev.  James  Browne  Tompson,  Vicar  of  Shropham. 

July  8.  Aged  85,  Mr.  William  Stych,  of  Sten- 
son,  Derb.  formerly  of  Barton-nnder-Ncedwood, 
Statf.  He  wjis  highly  e>tecme«l  for  his  saperlor 
skill  and  Judgment  of  farm  stock,  to  the  Improre- 
of  which  he  devoted  nmch  time  and  talent. 

July  11.  At  Eye,  aged  80,  the  relict  of  James 
Parker,  e«^.  of  Ipswich. 

July  12.  At  Itcceles,  in  his  54th  year,  Fredk. 
W.  Farr,  esq.  Alderman  of  tliat  town. 

Juhj  15.  At  Norwich,  James  Hope,  esq.  for 
twenty-six  years  a  cattle  commission-agent.  Hie 
rcnuiins  were  removed  to  Scotland  fin*  interment. 

July  IG.  At  Briston,  aged  78,  John  Colenuui, 
esq.  surgeon,  formerly  of  Norwich,  and  snrgeoii  In 
3nl  Dragoon  Guards  during  the  Penlnsnlar  wer. 

Jidy  18.  Susanna,  wife  of  Thomas  Mayhsir. 
esq.  Fairfleld  House,  Saxmnndham,  third  dan.  m 
the  lat<«  John  Farr,  esq.  of  North  CJove  Hall. 

July  20.  At  Lynn,  in  Ills  84th  year,  Ltoat. 
Benjamin  D.  Wanlale,  R.N. 

In  Bombay,  Mr.  W.  Simson,  Mint  Master  ant 
Civil  Auditor. 

July  23.  Aged  54,  Andries  Wilhelmns  JaeobOi 
Pretorins,  Commandant-Ceneral  of  South  Africa. 
His  name  in^ircd  the  native  trilies  with  awe  ui 
terror,  but  Immanlty  and  humility  were  engrafted 
on  his  lieari. 

Au{f.  V2.  In  his  70tb  year,  Mr.  John  Chlhls,  of 
Bungay,  whose  enterprise  as  a  printer,  his  invarioa 
of  the  monopoly  of  the  .Scriptures,  and  his  eflVnrte 
to  put  down  the  system  of  church  rates,  were  erl- 
(Icnces  of  the  boMness  of  Ids  cliaracter. 

At  Windsor,  Ensign  John  I.«mb,  of  the  id  Royal 
Veteran  Battalion,  one  of  the  Military  Knlghta  of 
Windsor.  He  served  for  many  years  in  the  29tti 
Foot,  and  was  present  at  tlie  battles  of  Rotate, 
\'imiera,  and  Talavera,  for  which  lie  had  the  war 
medal  and  three  clasps. 

Auff.  15.  At  Trinidad,  of  the  ydlow  fever,  Alex- 
ander Brown  Cleland,  M.D.  of  the  69tli  Regt 

Aug.  30.  At  Montscrrat,  Captain  Booth,  the 
governor,  his  wife,  with  the  only  medical  oflleer 
on  the  i.Mland,  and  several  oUiers,  carried  off  hj 
fever. 

Sept.  20.  At  Canterbury,  New  Zealand,  aged 
27,  Kicluird-Anttruther,  tliird  son  of  the  Rev.  w. 
Bradley,  Kector  of  Nether  Wliltacre,  Warw.  Ha 
was  drowned  by  tlie  upsetting  of  a  boat  In  tiM 
liar  hour. 

Sept.  28.  At  Mellioume,  Australia,  aged  M. 
Robert  Holland  Mac  Dennett,  ewi.  solicitor,  of 
London. 

At  Bendigo,  Australia,  Oeorge-Angnstos,  fimrtli 
.v>n  of  Francis  Child,  esq.  of  dapham,  Surrey. 

Oct.  6.  At  Auckland,  AostraHa,  aged  fi8,  Charlaa 
Bridi^en,  esq.  Assistant  Commissary  G«neral  at 
New  /xsaland.  He  was  a  native  of  Sotithampten, 
and  originally  in  the  Long  Hoom  of  tlie  CoilOBn 
House,  but.  having  olitaincd  an  appointment  In  the 
Commissariat,  he  commenced  his  dntles  in  the 
Teninsula  at  the  period  of  tlie  battle  of  St.  Sebaa- 
tian.  He  served  in  inirtogal  In  1815.  and  waa 
subsequently  sent  out  to  assist  In  wlnduic  VP  ^m 
papers  connected  with  the  Psnlnfnlar  war.    Bt 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


439 


has  last  served  in  the  Australian  colonies  for 
about  twenty  years. 

Oct.  9.  At  Spanish  Town,  Jamaica,  aged  75, 
the  Hon.  John  Mais. 

Oct.  11.  At  Bermnda,  of  the  epidemic  fever, 
affed  .^5,  Assistant  Conimissary^General  H.  F. 
Oriel ;  Oct.  14.  Mr.  James  Cummings  E.  Fal- 
coner, M.A.  in  charge  of  Hamilton  Academy ;  and 
Oct.  27.  Aged  23,  Margery,  wife  of  Dr.  Joseph 
Stewart  Hunter,  M.D.  Mayor  of  St.  George's; 
Oet.Vt.  At  Boaz  Island,  aged  18,  Martha-Mary, 
eldest  child  of  Captain  Jervis,  K.N. 

Oct.  13.  At  Hongkong,  aged  41,  William  Mor- 
rison, esq.  F.R.C.S.  who  was  appointed  snrgeon 
of  that  colony  in  1847.  He  was  born  at  Llauelly, 
CO.  Carmarthen  ;  was  the  first  licensed  lecturer  on 
Anatomy  and  Physiology  at  the  Newcastle  School 
of  Medicine,  cstabhshed  in  1836,  which  position 
113  continued  to  occupy  for  five  years ;  and  was 
elected  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons 
when  that  degree  was  first  instituted. 

Oa.  14.  On  the  River  Hunter,  N.  S.  Wales, 
aged  70,  Col.  Kenneth  Snodgrass,  C.B. 

Oct.  19.  Near  Sydney,  N.  S.  Wales,  (loorge 
Henry  Minto  Alexander,  esq.  Civil  Service,  Ben- 
gal, only  son  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  James  Alex- 
ander, H.E.I.C.  Serv.  leaving  a  wife  and  eleven 
children. 

At  Landour,  Major  Neville  A.  rarkcr,58tli  Beng. 
N.I.,  only  sou  of  the  late  Capt.  Parker,  of  Batli. 

At  (Juyndali,  Moreton  Bay,  N.  S.  Wales,  aged 
23,  Frances  (lerald  Webber,  e^iq.  second  son  of  Iho 
late  Capt.  Arthur  Webl>er,  47th  Regt. 

Oct.  31.  At  Sydney,  N.  S.  Wales,  aged  20, 
Charles,  youngest  son  of  Wm.  Johnson,  esq.  of 
Great  Yarmouth. 

Nov.  6.  At  Melbourne,  Australia,  wliile  bathing 
in  the  Yarra  Yarra  River,  aged  21,  Richard, 
younger  son  of  Mr.  Henry  Pliilip  Fores,  book- 
seller, of  South  Audley-st. 

Xor.  7.  At  Melbourne,  Victoria,  aged  43, 
Samson  Cary,  esq.  M.D. 

Nov.  9.  At  North  Lodge,  St.  John's  Wood, 
Sarah,  relict  of  Jas.  J'ycroft,  esq.  formerly  of  Rol- 
leston,  CO.  Stafford,  and  mother  of  J.  W.  Pyeroft, 
esq.  F.S.A. 

Nov.  II.  On  board  the  \'elox,  at  Sydney,  Jolin 
Stephen  Dc  Mole,  e.v[.  eldest  son  of  the  late  J.  B. 
Dc  Mole,  esq,  solicitor  to  the  Merchant  Taylors* 
Company. 

Not.  15.  At  St.  Kilda,  Mell)Ourne,  N.S.W., 
Caroline  Nisbet  Wilkie,  wife  of  James  Malcohn, 
esq.  of  Olrig. 

Nov.  17.  John  H.  Hay,  e^sq.  Cliief  Clerk  of  the 
Admiralty.  He  had  been  in  the  service  of  the 
Admh-alty  for  nearly  half  a  century ;  and  has  left 
two  sons  in  the  same  service,  Mr.  .1.  H.  Hay,  a 
clerk  of  the  second  class,  at  Whitehall ;  and 
Mr.  E.  H.  Hay,  of  the  third  clasw,  at  Somerset 
House. 

Di^.  3.  At  Banff,  aged  08,  John  Pinnule,  esq. 
Sherifi-Substitute  of  Banffrtliire.  Mr.  Pringlc  wa« 
born  in  Edinburgh,  jMUwed  as  a  Writer  to  tlio 
Signet  in  18 ll,  and,  having  continued  in  busines.s 
In  Edinbur^li  for  eight  or  nine  years,  was  ap- 
pointed to  Ills  late  office  in  1821. 

Dfc.  K.  Affcd  32,  Mr.  Edward  Poultney,  tlie 
philant)iro]>ieaI  founder  of  the  Home  in  the  East. 

Dec.  9.    At  Ilarwicli,  Tliomas  Philliiw,  gent. 

Dec.  14.  At  Jamaica,  age<l  39,  Mr.  James  Ethe- 
ridge,  son  of  the  late  Thos.  Etheridge,  e.s<[.  of 
Sibton-hall,  Suffolk. 

Dec.  17.  Aged  0*2,  Mr.  Jolin  Gates,  second  ma.s- 
tcr  of  tlie  Grammar  School,  Thetford. 

Dec.  18.  At  lieccles,  aged  94,  EliKabeth,  relict 
of  Wm.  Crowfoot,  e.sq.  .surgeon. 

Dec.  20.  Drowned,  by  tlic  foundering  of  a  boat 
on  the  Indu.s,  near  Kotrce,  aged  31 ,  Lieut.  William 
Chapman,  Bomliay  Eng.  2nd  .son  of  Wm.  Chap- 
man, e:M^i.  of  Wimpole-.st. 

At  Forozepore,  aged  25,  Augustus  Satchwell 
.Johnstone,  Bengal  Eng.  second  surviving  son  of 
the  late  James  Johnstone,  M.D.  H.E.LC.S. 

Ou  the  River  Ganges,  between  Patn«  and  Barr, 


aged  29,  Jemima-Anne,  wife  of  Lieut,  and  Adju- 
tant W.  H.  Walcot,  47  B.N.I. 

Dec.  23.  At  Chester-terrace,  Regent's-park, 
aged  28,  John  Frederic  Barnett.csq. 

Dee.  21.  At  Thorpe,  near  Norwich,  aged  70, 
Hannah,  wife  of  John  Brightwon,  esq. 

Dee.  27.  In  Dublin,  Licut.-Col.  Brownlow  Vll- 
liers  Layard.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
Brownlow  Villiers  Layard.  He  attained  the  rank 
of  Major  in  tlie  army  Nov.  21, 1834 ;  was  appointed 
Captain  In  the  37th  Foot,  April  2,  1841,  and  sub- 
seqnently  removed  to  the  9th,  ttora.  which  he  re- 
cently retired.  He  was  returned  to  parliament 
for  the  borough  of  Carlow,  without  opposition,  at 
the  general  election  of  1841,  and  defeated  by  Mr. 
Sadleir  bi  1847  by  164  votes  to  101 .  He  committed 
suicide  by  cutting  his  throat  firom  insanity  pro- 
duced by  reduced  circumstances.  He  married 
Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  D.  Digby,  esq.  of  Dublin, 
who  Is  left  his  widow. 

Dec.  29.  At  Cauda,  in  Crete,  suddenly,  Henry 
Crichton  Agnew,  esq. 

Dee.  30.  At  Trinidad,  aged  29,  Harry  Frederick 
Barnett,  esq.  M.R.C.S.  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Dr.  Barnett,  of  Worcester. 

At  Umballa,  India,  aged  25, 1-Yauces-Dora,  wife 
0/  Capt.  H.  W.  Ooodwyn,  98th  Regt. 

At  Hartlei)Ool,  aged  nearly  70,  Billy  Purvis,  a 
very  noted  character  in  the  North  of  England. 
He  was  born  at  Edinburgh,  apprenticed  to  a  cabi- 
net-maker at  Newcastle,  became  call-boy  at  the 
theatre  under  Stephen  Kemble,  and  after  coquet- 
ting with  the  Mn.se  as  an  amateur,  and  many  per-  ' 
ambulations  as  a  clown,  conjuror,  and  performer 
on  the  pipes,  became  about  85  years  ago  the  pro- 
prietor of  an  Itinerant  thea^e,  by  which  he  made 
a  good  liveliliood,  and  has  brought  up  a  large 
family  iu  a  creditable  manner. 

Lately.  Aged  43,  Edward  Duller,  an  Austrian, 
favourably  known  as  journalist,  historian,  ro- 
mancer, and  poet.  His  principal  works  are  a 
'*  History  of  Maria  Theresa  and  her  Epoch,"  a 
**  Life  of  the  Archduke  Charles  of  Austria,"  and  a 
*•  History  of  the  German  People." 

In  London,  aged  48,  Forbes  Falconer,  esq.  LL  J), 
a  distinguished  Oriental  scholar.  He  was  bom  in 
Aberdeen,  and  was  the  second  and  only  surviving 
.son  of  Gilbert  Falconer,  esq.  of  Braeside,  Fifeshire. 

Tiie  Hamburg  banker,  L.  Heine,  who  absconded, 
leaving  a  deficit  of  500,000  thalers  (75,000/.),  has 
peri.siicd  miserably,  between  Sydney  and  Mel- 
bourne, of  starvation. 

Mr.  John  Hodges,  of  the  firm  of  Hodges  and 
Smith,  Dublin.  The  revival  of  a  spirit  of  historic 
research,  and  the  cultivation  of  arcliseological  and 
anticiuarian  pursuits  in  Ireland,  owed  an  Impetus 
and  encouragement  to  the  taste  and  liberality  of 
the  firm  to  which  the  deceased  belonged.  The 
Irish  ArchSBological  and  Celtic  Societies  mainly 
owe  their  existence  to  the  fbstering  care  of  Messrs. 
Hodges  and  Smith ;  to  them  also  are  due  the 
honour  of  bringing  before  the  world  O'Donovan's 
edition  of  the  Annals  of  the  Four  Masters,  and 
Petric's  work  on  the  Round  Towers ;  and  to  them 
the  Medical  Seliools  of  Dubhn  are  very  much  in- 
debted for  the  reputation  they  enjoy  abroad. 

At  Ills  scat  in  the  .south  of  Ireland,  William  Eliot 
Hudson.  He  was  the  son  of  a  professional  gentle- 
man who.sc  name  is  repeatedly  mentioned  in  the 
Lives  of  Curran  and  Moore.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  tito  publication  of  "  The  Citizen,"  a 
monthly  journal  devoted  to  the  more  intellectual 
phases  of  Irish  "  nationality."  In  general  science 
Mr.  Hudson's  attainments  were  very  considerable, 
and  he  had  collected  a  quantity  or  original  Irish 
miLsic. 

At  New  York,  Dr.  Wm.  R.  T.  Lutcner,  an 
Englishman,  murdered  in  his  office.  In  the  Broad- 
way. A  lawyer,  named  Wm.  Hays,  also  an  Eng- 
lishman, with  whoso  wiits  tlie  deceased  had  been 
too  familiar,  was  charged  with  the  murder. 

Aged  70,  M.  Merville,  a  dramatic  antbor,  who 
translated  Sheridan's  School  for  Scandal.  Another 
of  ills  dramas,  La  Premi^  Affaire,  may  link  him 


442 


Obituary. 


[April, 


the  fender  liad  choked  hhn.  In  his  pockets  were 
found  gold  and  silver  to  the  amount  of  18i.  lbs. 
The  sister  of  the  deceased  some  months  back  was 
found  dead  in  the  same  house,  with  a  bottle  of  gin 
also  by  her  side. 
*  At  Dlackheath-park,  Kent,  aged  33,  Susannah- 
Elizabetli,  wife  of  Murray  Richardson,  esq. 

At  his  father's,  Inverness-terrace,  aged  28,  Ed- 
ward, only  «on  of  the  Rev.  Alfred  Tooke,  M.A. 

At  Hastings,  aged  33,  Mury-Llizabeth,  wife  of 
Thomas  J.  White,  esq. 

Feb.  12.  Aged  29,  Edward  Adams  Baddeley, 
esq.  only  cMld  of  Capt.  Baddclcy,  E.I.C.S.  of  \Yig- 
ston  Ilall,  Leicestershire. 

At  Rochford,  aged  62,  Rebecca,  wife  of  Michael 
Comport,  cs<i. 

At  Bamsbury  i'ark,  aged  85,  Elizabeth,  relict 
of  Rol>ert  Ilosking,  e:>ii.  late  of  Shecmcss,  and 
formerly  of  Tregony,  Coniwall. 

In  Crftrway-road,  Westboume-grovo,  agod  83, 
Licut.-Colonel  John  Gray  Ross,  late  of  the  1st 
Royal  Veteran  Battalion. 

At  Springfield  Lo<lge,  Sudbury,  aged  70,  Mary- 
Gibbon,  relict  of  Capt.  Rodney  Wcntwortli  Sims, 
10th  Foot,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  New- 
man, Rector  of  Comard-Parva,  Suffolk. 

At  Gosford  House,  the  residence  of  Sir  H.  Far- 
ringdon,  aged  33,  Rolwrt  Warren,  es<i.  son  of  the 
late  Dr.  Warren,  of  Hcavitree. 

Feb.  13.  Mr.  J.  (t.  Brooks,  of  Ashted-road,  in 
Birmingham,  for  nine  years  minister  of  the  New 
Meeting  Domestic  Mission  in  Birmingham. 

At  Exeter,  agc<l  34,  James  Herbert  Clay,  esq. 
3rd  Light  Dragoons.  Ho  was  buried  at  Hcavitree 
church,  in  the  vault  belonging  to  his  family,  witli 
military  honours. 

At  Ellon  Ca.stle,  N.B.  aged  37,  Harriet-Albinia, 
wife  of  Charle-s  Elphinstone  Dalr>'mplc,  esq.  She 
was  the  eldest  dau.  of  Alex.  (Jordon,  esq.  of  Ellon, 
and  was  married  in  1849. 

At  Briery  Dale,  Stainbum,  near  Workington, 
aged  59,  Thomas  Falcon,  esq. 

Aged  74,  John  Heritage,  esq.  late  of  liamsgate 
and  Canterbury. 

At  Famsfleld,  Notts,  age<l  83,  WilUam  Houlds- 
worth ,  esq.  Ho  was  well  known  as  one  of  the  most 
honourable  and  liberal  patrons  of  the  turf  at  York 
and  other  race-meetings  in  the  North  of  England. 
At  Chepstow,  aged  87,  Mrs.  Jenkins,  relict  of 
James  Jenkins,  esq. 

At  Lutterworth,  aged  68,  Joint  Meldrum,  esq. 
manager  for  I'ares's  Leicestcrsliire  Banking  Com- 
pany. '  He  had  resided  at  Lutterworth  r>0  years. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  74,  Mary,  widow  of  Jocph 
Moss,  es<i.  fonnerly  of  Tolvcrn,  Cornwall. 

In  Pimlico,  Elizal)eth,  widow  of  William  God- 
frey Smith,  cjui.  of  Calcutta. 

At  Stoke,  Devonport,  Mary-Anne,  wife  of  Capt. 
Somerville,  R.N. 

In  MiIton-next-(iravescnd,  ag&l  69,  Edward 
Tickner,  esq.  J. P.  and  D.L. 

Feb.  14.  Aged  81,  Pre«twood-Lovo,  widow  of 
William  Bellew,  cnq.  of  Stockleigh-court. 

At  Testerton-house,  aged  28,  Frederick,  young- 
est son  of  the  lato  Philip  Mallett  Case,  es<i. 

At  Walthamstow,  agod  89,  Mrs.  FJizabeth  Du- 
gleby. 

At  Aislaby  Hall,  Yorknliire,  aged  71,  Dorotljy, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  T.  Hays. 

At  Verden,  near  Hanover,  aged  75,  Lieut.-Col. 
Frederick  James  Horn. 

At  Paris,  agetl  43,  the  wife  of  C^pt.  WlUcs  John- 
son, R.N.  of  Hannington  Hall,  Wilts. 

At  Honingham,  Norfolk,  the  Hon.  Anne  Towns- 
hcnd,  youngest  sister  of  Lord  Baynbig. 

At  1.eamington,  aged  63,  Thos.  Clement  Wliite, 
many  years  master  of  Towcester  Onuumar  School. 
At  Paris,  aged  67,  John  Williamson,  esq.  of 
Boughton  Lodge,  Chester. 

At  Lewes,  aged  52,  Mary,  eldest  dan.  of  the  lata 
5;amuel  Woods,  esq.  of  Toxteth  Park,  Liverpoolf 
and  formerly  of  London. 

Feb.Xb.  At  Shaftesbury, aged  19,  Henry-John« 
third  ton  of  William  Burxidge,  esq. 


At  Aylesbury,  aged  33,  LoolBa-Siuaimali,  wUb 
of  Thomas  Dell,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  28,  Anne-LndDda,  widow  of 
Robert  Elliott,  esq.  of  Goldington  House,  Beds. 

At  Kimbolton,  aged  B4,  Andrew  Fimie,  esq. 
surgeon. 

Aged  18,  Ada,  dau.  of  Mr.  John  Graham,  of 
Ludgate-st. 

At  Bedford,  Chariotte-Elizabeth,  wife  of  a.  B. 
Jones,  esq.  and  only  dau.  of  John  Walker,  esq.  of 
New  Romney. 

At  York,  aged  87,  Ebenezer  Mills,  esq.  fermarly 
an  eminent  surgeon  at  Pulham. 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  71,  Thomas  Parratt,  esq.  up- 
wards of  50  years  of  H.M.  Customs. 

At  Richmond-on-Thamcs,  aged  68,  Uaonah* 
Eliza,  widow  of  William  Stanley  Roscoe,  esq.  of 
Liverpool,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  James  Caldwdl, 
esq.  of  Limey-woo<l,  StaffonLsliire. 

Aged  70,  ^liss  Salmon,  of  Kidderminster. 

At  Kentiiih-tuwn,  aged  76,  Anna'Maria,  reliciof 
Joseph  Steavcnson,  esq.  of  Shantock  Hall,  Herts. 

At  Enmore  Park,  aged  81,  Harriet  TnvfUjma, 
widow  of  the  Yen.  George  Trcrelyan,  Axch- 
doacon  of  Bath,  and  Canon  residential^  of  Wolli, 
(3d  sou  of  Sir  John  Trevelyan,  the  4th  Bart,  of 
Nettlecombe,  Somerset.)  She  was  the  8d  dMt. 
of  Sir  Richard  Ncave,  Bart,  by  Frances,  4th  dan. 
of  John  Bristow,  esq.  and  was  left  a  widow  in 
1827  with  six  sons  and  three  daughters. 

Feb.  16.  At  Edinburgh,  M.  E.  W.  Aytoun,  esq. 
(>f  Purin,  Capt.  R.A. 

At  Bicester,  aged  22,  Richard  Wootten  Cole,  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  son  of  Wm.  Cole,  esq. 

Anne  Deare,  of  Queen*s-road  West,  Chelsee, 
relict  of  Charles  Deare,  ewi.  of  Koyiton  Hail, 
Kilburn. 

Mrs.  Finch,  of  Fishcrion,  only  surviving  dan,  of 
the  late  (^leorge  Short,  esq.  of  Salisbury. 

At  Lymington,  Fanny,  wife  of  T.  W.  K.  HaU« 
e.>({.  of  Springfield,  Herefordshire. 

At  Campdcn,  (ilonc.  aged  39,  Wm.  Uiron,  esq. 
surgeon. 

At  Monkstown,  near  Dublin,  James  Kerr,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  Major  Donald  John  Madeod,  Soote 
( Jreys,  son  of  the  late  Gen.  Sir  J.  Macleod,  K.C3. 

At  Hardiniffltono,  co.  N'pu.  aged  80,  Fraaoes, 
wife  of  Air.  Thomas  Rice,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Major  Ogilvie,  of  Aberdeen,  and  Hemmingfoid 
Abbot's,  Hunts. 

At  Brandeis,  Bohemia,  aged  76,  Nannie,  widow 
of  Paul  Schulhof,  a^tq.  and  mother  of  Dr.  HaoilM 
Schulhof,  of  London. 

At  the  (irovo,  near  Box  Hill,  Dorking,  aged  M, 
Mary,  widow  of  Wm.  Skillington,  esq.  and  rialer 
of  S.  W.  Singer,  esq.  of  Mickldiam. 

At  Pau,  aged  33,  Alexander,  eldest  son  of  Mark 
Sprot,  esq.  of  Gamkirk,  N.B. 

In  Russell-sq.  Janet,  wife  of  (leorge  Stodait, 
esq.  and  only  surviving  child  of  the  late  Jamea 
Stodart,  estj.  F.R.S. 

/V6.  17.  At  Bath,  Robert  Allen,  esq.  serieani- 
at-hiw,  of  the  Oxford  Circuit.  He  was  called  to 
the  bar  at  Gray's  Inn,  Nov.  18, 1835,  and  to  the 
degree  of  scrJeant-at-law  in  1845. 

At  Bath,  Mary  Anne  Boddam,  dau.  of  the  late 
liawson  Hart  Boddam,  esq.  formerly  Qoremor  of 
Bombay. 

At  Wurzburg,  liavaria,  Frances,  wife  of  Charles 
Thomas  Coote,  H.D.  and  youngest  dau.  of  WiUiam 
Lewis,  esq.  of  Wobum-pl. 

At  Leamington,  aged  64,  Henrietta  Gun  Cuii- 
nhighame,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  George  Qttn 
Cunninghame,  esq.  Mount  Kennedy,  eo.  Wlck- 
low. 

In  London,  aged  24,  Giles,  third  son  of  the  late 
Wm.  Dowling,  esq.  of  Over  Wallop,  Hants.  , 

At  Leamington,  Elisabeth,  widow  of  John 
Fletcher,  esq. 

At  Woollashall,  Wore,  aged  79,  Charles  Edward 

Hanford,  esq. 

At  Bexley ,  Kent,  aged  82,  Mary-Harrison,  wMow 
of  William  Harding,  esq.  ihrmerly  Chief  Afioomt- 
ant  in  the  TranqNVt  Offlce. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


441 


At  New  Brompton,  aged  77,  George  Watson 
Wood,  esq. 

F^.  A.  Annie,  wife  of  Richard  Alderson,  esq. 
surgeon,  of  York. 

At  Boxmoor,  aged  76,  Richard  Sam.  Bury,  esq. 

At  Bedlay  House,  co.  Lanark,  Mrs.  Catharine 
Cameron  Campbell,  of  Bedlay  and  Petershill,  dau. 
of  the  late  James  Campbell,  esq.  of  Petershill,  and 
wife  of  Thomas  Craig  Christie,  esq. 

In  Upper  Hyde  Park-st.  aged  66,  James  Cun- 
liiTe,  esq.  of  Lombard-st. 

.\t  Bath,  aged  67,  James  Harvey,  esq. 

At  Bicton  Parsonage,  Sophia  B.  wife  of  the  Rev. 
G.  H.  Kempe. 

At  the  barracks,  from  disease  of  the  heart. 
Major  Leonard,  Paymaster  of  the  Plymouth  divi- 
sion of  Royal  Marines.  Ho  served  with  distinction 
afloat  and  ashore  in  the  late  a£fairs  in  the  River 
Plate. 

At  Huggcns  College,  Northfleet,  Kent,  aged  81, 
Ann,  relict  of  John  Millen,  escalate  of  Gravesend. 

Aged  81,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Isaac  Moore,  esq. 
of  Portman-pl.  Maida-hill. 

At  Eastbourne,  Sussex,  aged  66,  Harriet,  widow 
of  Thomas  Xoakes,  esq. 

At  Sudley,  near  Liverpool,  aged  84,  Nicholas 
Robinson,  esq. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Miss  Louisa  Neville  Smith, 
late  of  St.  Marychurch,  Torquay. 

Mr.  Richard  Wamcford,  solicitor,  of  Symond's- 
inn,  Cliancery-lane. 

Feb.  5.  At  the  house  of  her  son-in-law  the  Rev. 
D.  P.  M.  Hulbert,  M.A.  Chester-pl.  Regent's  Park 
Terrace,  of  bronchitis,  aged  70,  Mrs.  Bamett,  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Miles  Martindale,  late  Governor  of 
the  Wesley  College  for  Preachers,  Woodhoa:ie 
Grove,  Leeds. 

At  Greenwich,  i^ed  50,  Capt.  George  Scbindler 
Brown,  formerly  of  the  72nd  Foot. 

At  Brighton,  aged  81,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  M^Jor 
Hugh  Falconar,  7l8t  Islanders. 

At  Weymouth,  at  an  advanced  age,  the  relict  of 
General  Thomas  Phipps  Howard,  C.B. 

At  Stockton-on-Tees,  suddenly,  after  retiring  to 
rest,  aged  68,  Thomas  Hutchinson,  esq.  iron- 
merchant. 

At  Bedford,  aged  56,  Charles  Frederick  Pal- 
grave,  esq. 

In  Upper  Pliillimore-pl.  Kensington,  G.  (i.  Vin- 
cent, esq.  of  Staple-inn,  and  Crouch-end,  llomsey. 

At  Over  Stowey,  Somersetshire,  aged  72,  Thos. 
Ward,  es<i. 

Aged  76,  Elizal>etli,  wife  of  T.  Woodhara,  esq. 
of  Winchester. 

/V6 .6.  In  Gil)son-8<i.  Islington,  aged  64,  Jane, 
relict  of  Cliarli'S  Adeney,  esq. 

At  Norland-place,  Notting-hill,  Mary,  wi<low  of 
Col.  Henry  Cock,  C.B.  Tliis  charitable  and  amia- 
Itlc  lady  will  Ik'  nmch  missed  by  many  persons  in 
the  nei^rhlxmrliWKl. 

At  Chester-pl,  Ilyde-park-sq.  aged  five  months, 
Arthur- Percy,  youngest  child  of  H.  Dalbiac,  esq. 

At  Stoke  Xewington,  nged  80,  Wm.  Dudley,  esq. 

Capt.  James  John  Enocli,  late  of  60th  Regt.  son 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Enoch,  Assistant  Quartermaster 
(;en.  at  the  Horse  (Juards. 

Anna,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Christopher  Finch, 
es^l.  of  Sudbury. 

At  Dover,  agetl  63,  Charlotte,  wife  of  Richard 
Halford,  esq.  of  Paddock  .House,  near  Canter- 
bur>'. 

At  ANTiitby,  aged  79,  Lieut.-Col.  Bissell  Harvey, 
K.H.  many  years  Private  Secretary  to  H.R.H.  the 
Duke  of  Kent,  and  subsequently  Inspecting  Field 
Officer  of  the  Leeds  and  Glasgow  Dis^cts. 

At  St.  Ives,  aged  87,  Alice,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
Hugh  Mackenzie. 

At  Chelsea,  JYederick  Blemell  Pollard,  esq.  late 
of  Calcutta,  fourth  and  youngest  surviving  son  of 
}{obert  Blemell  Pollard,  esq.  of  Brompton. 

At  Greenwich,  Miss  Madine  Ticmey. 

At  Burnfoot,  Dumfriesshire,  Jane,  widow  of 
(leorge  Whigham,  esq.  of  Halliday-hill. 

Aged  .-ig,  Alice,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Wright, 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  —  Langford,  Wil- 
burton,  Isle  of  Ely. 

Fd>.1.  At  the  Waldrons,  Croydon,  aged  44, 
James  Bonorandi,  esq. 

Aged  62,  Andrew  Caldecott,  esq.  of  Woodford 
Hall,  Essex,  and  Cheapside,  London. 

At  Letcombe  Regis,  aged  77,  Thomas  Goodlake, 
esq.  for  nearly  50  years  chairman  of  the  Wantage 
Bench  of  Magistrates,  and  for  many  years  chair- 
man of  the  Quarter  Sessions  at  Abingdon.  He  was 
also  a  magistrate  for  Wiltshire,  and  rarely  failed 
to  attend  the  Quarter  Sessions  for  that  county 
when  any  important  question  was  to  be  discussed. 

Agnes-Augusta-Elizabeth,  wife  of  G.  R.  Good- 
man, esq.  solicitor,  of  Brighton,  and  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Capt.  James  Richards. 

Aged  17,  Agnes-Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
M.  Kinsey,  British  Chaplabi  at  Dunkirk. 

Arthur  De  Lisle,  second  son  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Oakeley,  56th  Regt. 

At  Kennington,  aged  58,  Henry  Searle,  es<i. 

F^.  8.  At  Beeford,  Yorkshire,  aged  25,  Eliza, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  G.  Batho. 

In  Gloucester-pl.  Hyde  Park-gardens,  aged  87, 
Margaret,  widow  of  G€M>rge  Brown,  esq.  of  Russell- 
sq.  late  of  Tunbridge-wells. 

At  Rickerby  House,  Cumberland,  aged  59, 
Maria- Woodrouffe,  wife  of  George  Head  Head,  esti. 
of  that  place,  and  of  the  Cedars,  Clapham  Com- 
mon, Surrey,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Wood- 
rouffe Smith,  esq.  of  StockweU  Park,  Surrey. 

At  Camden-road  Villas,  ^ged  79,  Esther,  relict 
of  Benjamin  Leadbeater,  esq. 

Amelia,  dau.  of  J.  A.  Levy,  esq.  of  Gloucester- 
pl.  Portman-sq. 

At  Walton-on-Thames,  Luisa-Alvarez,  wife  of 
W.  Oldham,  esq.  of  Port  St.  Mary's,  Spain. 

At  Welford  Pasture,  Glouc.  aged  89,  Ann,  relict 
of  J.  Slatter,esq. 

In  Surrey-sq.  Sunnel  Woodward,  esq.  of  Lloyd's 
and  AustinifHars. 

Feb.  9.  At  Normanby  Hall,  in  Cleveland, 
George  Edwin  Ward  Jackson,  esq.  a  Justice  of  the 
peace  for  the  north  riding  of  Yorkshire. 

At  Dover,  William,  eldest  son  of  John  R.  Mum- 
mery, esq.  and  grandson  of  John  Mummery,  esq. 

In  Upper  Grosvenor-st.  London,  Mary,  infiint 
dau.  of  Mr.  and  Lady  Dorothy  NeviU. 

At  Didlington  Hall,  Norfolk,  Mrs.  Tyssen  Am- 
hurst. 

Feb.  10.  In  Russell-square,  aged  63,  Thomas 
Clarke,  esq. 

Age<l  62,  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  White  Crawled,  Utc 
of  the  74th  Highlanders.  He  attained  the  rank  of 
Major  in  the  army  Jan.  1837,  in  the  74th  Oct.  1839. 

At  his  father's,  Thomas  Hopper,  esq.  Bayswater- 
hill,  aged  39,  Edwin  Hopper,  esq. 

At  Southampton,  aged  83,  Isaac  Low,  esq.  of 
Lyndhurst,  Deputy-Commlssary-gcneral. 

At  Sidcnp,  Kent,  aged  27,  Thomas,  eldest  son  of 
Thomas  Prichard,  esq.  surgeon. 

In  Kentish-town,  aged  74,  Daniel  Valentine 
Riviere,  esq. 

In  Alphington,  Devon,  Anne-Gillies,  widow  of 
John  Tyttcr,  esq.  surgeon  E.I.C.S. 

Feb.  n.  In  Harrington-sq.  aged  56,  Sarah- 
Ann,  relict  of  John  Barber,  esq.  of  Hawthorns, 
Harehatch,  Berks. 

Aged  more  than  80,  Sadi  Ombark  Benbey.  He 
came  to  this  country  with  the  celebrated  AfHcan 
traveller  Mungo  Park,  whom  he  instructed  in  the 
Arabic  language. 

At  Canterbury,  Charlotte-Emily,  wife  of  Charles 
MacFarlane,  esq. 

In  the  Albany-road,  Caraberwell,  William  R.  S. 
Motte,  esq.  barrister.  He  Uved  by  himself,  uid 
had  returned  to  his  house  late  on  Saturday  night, 
having  been  to  a  public  house  near,  and  ordered 
somej^.  On  Sunday  morning  he  was  frand 
lying  upon  his  face  on  the  ground,  and  with  his 
head  over  the  fender.  A  bottle  containing  gin  lay 
beside  him,  and  firom  the  position  of  the  deceased 
it  was  evident  that  be  had  fUlen  while  in  a  state  of 
intoxication,  and  his  neck  coming  on  the  edge  of 

3  L 


442 


Obituary. 


[April, 


the  fender  bad  choked  liiiu.  In  his  pocketa  were 
found  gold  and  silver  to  the  amount  of  18Z.  15<. 
The  sister  of  the  deceased  some  months  back  was 
found  de^ul  in  the  some  house,  with  a  bottle  of  gin 
also  by  her  side. 
*  At  Blackheath-park,  Kent,  aged  33,  Susannah- 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  Murray  Richardson,  esq. 

At  his  fother's,  Inverness-terrace,  aged  28,  Ed- 
ward, only  son  of  the  Rev.  Alfred  Tooke,  M.A. 

At  Hojitings,  aged  33,  Mary-Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Thomas  J.  White,  esq. 

Feb.  12.  Aged  29,  Edward  Adams  Baddeley, 
esq.  only  child  of  Capt.  Baddeley,  E.I.C.S.  of  Wig- 
ston  Ilall,  Leicestershire. 

At  Rochford,  aged  62,  Rebecca,  wife  of  Michael 
Comport,  es<i. 

At  Barnttbury  Park,  aged  Ufi,  Elizabetli,  relict 
of  Rol>ert  Hoiking,  cs(i.  late  of  Shecmess,  and 
formerly  of  Tregony,  Cornwall. 

In  Garway-road,  Westboume-grovo,  aged  83, 
Licut.-Colonel  John  Gray  Ross,  late  of  the  1st 
Royal  Veteran  Battalion. 

At  Springfield  l^dge,  Sudbury,  aged  70,  Mary- 
Gibbon,  relict  of  Capt.  Rodney  Wcntworth  Sims, 
10th  Foot,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  New- 
man, Rector  of  Comard-Parva,  Snlfolk. 

At  Gosford  House,  the  residence  of  Sir  H.  Kar- 
ringdon,  aged  33,  Rolmrt  Warren,  esq.  .son  of  the 
late  Dr.  Warren,  of  Ileavitrec. 

Feb.  13.  Mr.  J.  G.  Brooks,  of  Ashted-road,  in 
Birmingham,  for  nine  years  minister  of  the  New 
Meeting  Domestic  Mission  in  Birmingham. 

At  Exeter,  ogcd  34,  James  Herbert  Clay,  esq. 
3rd  Light  Dragoons.  Ho  was  buried  at  Ileavitrce 
church,  in  the  vault  behmging  to  his  family,  wltli 
military  honours. 

At  Kllon  Castle,  N.B.  ago<l  37,  Harriet-Albinia, 
wife  of  Charles  Klphinstone  Dalrymplu,  esq.  She 
was  the  eldest  dau.  of  Alex,  (iordon,  esq.  of  Ellon, 
and  was  married  in  1849. 

At  Briery  Dale,  Stainburn,  near  "Workington, 
aged  •^9,  Thomas  Falcon,  esq. 

Aged  74,  John  Heritage,  eM\.  late  of  liamsgato 
and  Canterbury. 

At  Famsfleld,  Nott^,  aged  83,  William  Iloulds- 
worth ,  esq.  Ho  was  well  known  as  one  of  the  most 
honourable  and  liberal  patrons  of  the  turf  at  York 
and  other  race-meetings  in  the  North  of  England. 
At  Chepstow,  aged  87,  Mrs.  Jenkins,  relict  of 
James  Jenkins,  esq. 

At  Lutterworth,  aged  08,  John  Meldrum,  esq. 
manager  for  Pares's  Leicestershire  Banking  Com- 
pany. '  He  had  resided  at  Lutterworth  50  years. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  74,  Alary,  widow  of  Jocph 
Moss,  esq.  fonnerly  of  Tolvern,  Cornwall. 

In  Pimlico,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  William  God- 
frey Smith,  es<i.  of  Calcutta. 

At  Stoke,  Dcvonport,  Mary-Anne,  wife  of  Capt. 
Somerville,  R.N. 

In  Milton-next-Gravesend,  aged  69,  Edward 
Tickner,  esq.  J. P.  and  D.L. 

Feb.  14.  Aged  81,  Prestwood-Love,  widow  of 
William  Bellew,  esq,  of  Stookleigh-conrt. 

At  Tcsterton-houso,  ago<l  28,  Frederick,  young- 
est son  of  the  lato  Philip  31allett  Case,  esq. 

At  Walthamstow,  agod  89,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Du- 
gleby. 

At  Aislaby  Hall,  Yorkshire,  aged  71,  Dorotliy, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  T.  Hays. 

At  Verden,  near  Hanover,  aged  75,  Lieut.-CoL 
Frederick  James  Horn. 

At  Paris,  aged  43,  the  wife  of  Capt.  WiUea  John- 
son, R.N.  of  Hannington  Hall,  Wilts. 

At  Honingham,  Norfolk,  the  Hon.  Anne  Townt- 
hcnd,  youngest  sister  of  Lord  Bayning. 

At  I^eamington,  aged  G3,  Thos.  Clement  White, 
many  years  master  of  Towcester  Grammar  School. 
At  Paris,  aged  67,  John  Williamson,  esq.  of 
Boughton  Lodge,  Chester. 

At  Lewes,  age<l  62,  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  lata 
f^mnel  Woods,  esq.  of  Toxteth  Park,  Liverpoolf 
and  formerly  of  London. 

Feb.  15.  At  ShafteabarT,aged  19,  Henry-John« 
third  ton  of  William  Burridge,  esq. 


At  Aylesbury,  aged  33,  LooiBa-SiuanDah,  wUb 
of  Thomas  Dell,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  28,  Anne-Lndnda,  widow  of 
Robert  Elliott,  esq.  of  Goldington  House,  Bed*. 

At  Kimbolton,  aged  B4,  Andrew  Fimie,  esq. 
surgeon. 

Agod  18,  Ada,  dau.  of  Mr.  John  Graham*  of 
Ludgate-st. 

At  Bedfonl,  Charlotte-Elizabeth,  wife  of  O.  B. 
Jones,  esq.  and  only  dau.  of  John  Walker,  esq.  of 
New  Romney. 

At  York,  aged  87,  Ebenezer  Mills,  esq.  fermarly 
an  eminent  surgeon  at  PuUiam. 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  71 ,  Thomas  Parratt,  esq.  up- 
wards of  50  years  of  H.M.  Customs. 

At  Richmond-on-Thamcs,  aged  G8,  Hamuli* 
Eliza,  widow  of  William  Stanley  Roscoe,  esq.  of 
Liverpool,  eldest  dau.  of  the  lato  James  Caldwell, 
es<i.  of  Llmey-woo<l,  Staffordshire. 

Aged  70,  Miss  Salmon,  of  Kiddorminster. 

.\t  Kentbh-town,  aged  76,  Anna 'Maria,  relict  of 
Joseph  Steavenson,  esq.  of  Shantock  Hall,  HmH. 

At  Enmore  Park,  aged  81,  Harriet  Trevelyan, 
widow  of  the  Yen.  George  Trorelyan,  Arch- 
deacon of  Bat! I,  and  Canon  re-nidentiai^  of  W^li, 
(3d  son  of  Sir  John  Trcvelyan,  the  4th  Bart,  of 
Nettlecombe,  Somcr.set.)  She  was  the  8d  dan. 
of  Sir  Richard  Neavo,  Bart,  by  Frances,  4tli  dan. 
of  John  Bristow,  esq.  and  was  left  a  widow  in 
1827  with  six  sons  and  three  daughters. 

Feb.  16.  At  Edinburgh,  M.  E.  W.  Aytoun,  en. 
of  Purin,  Cupt.  R.A. 

At  Bicester,  ageil  22,  Richard  Wootten  Cole,  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  son  of  Wm.  Cole,  eiq. 

Anne  Deare,  of  Queeri's-road  West,  Chebek, 
relict  of  Charles  Deare,  esq.  of  Royiion  Hall, 
Kllbnni. 

Mrs.  Finch,  of  Fislicrion,  only  surviving  dan.  of 
the  lato  ( fcorgo  Short,  esq.  of  Salisbury. 

At  L>'mington,  Fanny,  wife  of  T.  W.  K.  HaU« 
evi.  of  Springfield,  Herefordshire. 

At  Campdcn,  Glouc.  aged  39,  Wm.  liiron,  atq. 
surgeon. 

At  Monkstown,  near  Dublin,  James  Kerr,  eeq. 

At  Torquay,  Major  Donald  John  Macleod,  Soote 
(Jreyjt,  son  of  tho  late  Gen.  Sir  J.  Macleod,  K.C.B. 

At  Hardingstono,  co.  N'pn.  aged  80,  Franoas, 
wife  of  Mr.  Thomas  Rice,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Major  OgilWo,  of  Aberdeen,  and  Hcmmingftrd 
Abbot's,  Hunts. 

At  Brandeis,  Bohemia,  aged  76,  Nannie,  widow 
of  Paul  Schulhof,  cnq.  and  mother  of  Dr.  Maoilce 
Schulhof,  of  London. 

At  the  Grove,  near  Box  Hill,  Dorking,  aged  80, 
Mary,  widow  of  Wm.  Skillington,  esq.  and  ristar 
of  S.  W.  Singer.  cs<i.  of  Mickleluun. 

At  Pau,  aged  33,  Alexander,  eldest  son  of  Mark 
Sprot,  esq.  of  Gamkirk,  N.B. 

In  Russell-sq.  Janet,  wife  of  (leorge  Stodart, 
esq.  and  only  surviving  child  of  the  late  Jamee 
Stodart,  es<i.  F.R.S. 

Feb.  17.  At  Bath,  Robert  Allen,  esq.  serieaiii- 
at-hiw,  of  the  Oxford  Circuit.  Ue  was  called  to 
tiio  bar  at  Gray's  Inn,  Nov.  18, 1835,  and  to  tbe 
degree  of  8Ci;Jeant-at-law  in  1845. 

At  Bath,  Mary  Anne  Boddam,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rawson  Hart  Boddam,  esq.  fonnerly  Qoremor  of 
Bombay. 

At  Wurzburg,  Bavaria,  Frances,  wife  of  Charlee 
Thomas  Coote,  M.D.  and  youngest  dau.  of  WllUam 
Lewis,  esq.  of  Woburn-pl. 

At  Leamington,  aged  64,  Henrietta  Gon  Cuii* 
ninghame,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  George  Qui 
Cunninghame,  esq.  Mount  Kennedyi  eo.  Wick* 
low. 

In  London,  aged  24,  Giles,  third  son  of  the  late 
Wm.  Dowling.  esq.  of  Over  Wallop,  Hants.  , 

At  Leamington,  Elisabeth,  widow  of  John 
Fletcher,  esq. 

At  WoollasliaU,  Wore,  aged  78,  Charles  Edward 
Hanfoni,  esq. 

At  Bexley ,  Kent,  aged  82,  Mary-Uarriioii,  widow 
of  William  Harding,  esq.  fermerly  Chief  Acoomit- 
ant  in  (he  Tnxutpori  (mot. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


443 


At  Hammersmith,  a(;dd  62,  John  Peter  Hender- 
son, esq.  of  Bolton-st.  Piccadillj. 

At  St.  Uelier's,  Jersey,  aged  61,  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Charles  Ray  Martin,  esq.  Bengal  C.S- 

At  Alloa,  aged  73,  William  Mitchell,  esq.  mer- 
chant and  shipowner. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  72,  Mary,  dau.  of  the  late 
Peter  Ongier,  esq.  merchant  at  Dartmouth. 

At  Streatham,  Alicia-Pretyman,  dau.  of  the 
late  William  Porter,  esq.  R.N.  . 

At  Cliarlotte-row,  Walworth,  aged  88,  Mrs. 
Grace  Hannah,  relict  of  Cecil  Rix,  esq.  General 
Accountant  of  Excise,  surviving  him  38  years. 

In  Edward-st.  Portman-sq.  Wm.  Stevens,  esq. 

In  Harley-pl.  Catherine-Lonisa,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
S.  T.  Townsend. 

At  Briglitou,  aged  83,  Diana,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  TroUope,  Rector  of  Harrington,  Line. 

At  tlie  Rectory,  Drumbeg,  Ireland,  aged  71, 
Catherine  Anne  Tyrrell,  relict  of  George  Tyrrell, 
esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  Very  Rev.  Richard  Wens- 
ley  Bond,  Dean  of  Ross. 

Feb.  18.  At  Darlington,  aged  76,  Thomas  Eastoo 
Abbott,  esq. 

At  Shere,  Surrey,  aged  85,  Miss  Catherine 
Bray,  daughter  of  the  late  William  Bray,  esq. 
Treas.  S.  A.  author  of  the  History  of  that  County. 

At  Bury,  near  Gosport,,Mary,  relict  of  Joseph 
Carter,  esq.  and  mother  of  the  Rev.  Richard  F. 
Carter,  Rector  of  Roimer. 

Katharine-.Iane,  second  dau.  of  Uvedale  Cor- 
bett,  esq.  of  Aston  Hall,  Salop. 

At  New  Brighton,  Clieshire,  aged  37,  Frances- 
Roche,  third  dau.  of  Richard  Daunt,  esq.  of 
Knockahowlea,  co.  Cork. 

At  Benarth,'near  Conway,  at  her  son's,  Dr.  Ed- 
wards, aged  76,  Mury-Anne,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Edwards,  Rector  of  Aldford. 

At  East  Cowes  Park,  aged  67,  Richard  Nelme 
Grasswell,  esq.  late  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Com- 
pany's Home  Service. 

At  Bathwick,  aged  85,  Anne,  widow  of  John 
Guy,  esq. 

At  Denmark-hill,  aged  14,  Annie-Spencer,  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Jolin  Ilarington,  Rector  of  Little  Hin- 
ton,  Wilts ;  and,  on  the  22d,  at  Brighton,  aged 
13,  Willington-Lempriere,  eldest  son  of  William 
Young,  esq.  of  New  York,  both  grandchildren  of 
the  late  Vice-Adm.  Young. 

At  Lower  Edmonton,  Arthur-Cliarles,  son  of  the 
late  Arthur  Nowell,  esq.  Grosvenor-wf.  Pimlico. 

At  Braboume,  Kent,  aged  90,  Mary,  relict  of 
Rev,  Abraham  Purshouse,  for  45  years  Vicar  of 
Braboume  and  Monks'  llorton,  and  Rector  of 
Frinstetl. 

At  Naples,  aged  18,  Alexander,  youngest  son  of 
Baron  Cliarles  de  Kothscliild. 

At  Batli,  aged  69,  .Mary-Anne-Cathcrine,  widow 
of  Thomas  Koworth,  esq  formerly  of  Coombc 
Lodtje,  Blagdon, 

At  liath,  aged  54,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  S. 
Soden, esq. 

At  Monkstown,  Dublin,  aged  29,  K.  Sweny,  esq. 
solicitor. 

Fvh.  19.  At  Ncwnhani,  aged  oH,^Iary- Arabella, 
wife  of  W.  G.  Ashtou,  esq.  solicitor.  Clerk  of  tho 
Peace  for  Cambridge,  dau.  of  tho  late  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Jay,  of  Bath,  of  whom  a  memoir  was  given 
in  our  last  maga/ine. 

At  Stroud,  (ilouc.  aged  86,  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
the  Kev.  Henry  Hawkins,  of  Plymouth. 

At  Teignuioutli,  ajrod  26,  Frances- Mary,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  R.  Thornton  Heyshani,esq.  of  liath. 

Aged  79,  John  Overton,  et^i.  solicitor,  Faken- 
ham. 

Aged  <)3,  Loui.>a,  relict  of  Ifr.  William  Parnell, 
of  Lower  East  Smitlitield,  younge.it  dau.  of  Charl&s 
Long,  esq.  of  Stisteads,  Es-sex. 

At  Gloucester,  Augustus  Paul,  cs<i.  of  Adwen 
Lmlge,  Tor.   , 

At  Lewishara,  aged  26,  Catherine,  wife  of  Alfred 
C.  L.  West,  esq. 

F^•h.  20.  At  Scarborough,  Justina-Racbel,  wife 
of  Samson  Lucas  Behrcns,  esq. 


At  Dorking,  &ged  87,  Mr.  James  Bnckmaster 
formerly  of  Old  Bond-street. 

At  Stratford,  Essex,  aged  77,  E.  Burford,  esq. 

At  Edgbaston,  aged  71,  John  Cope,  esq. 

At  St.  Augu.stin*8-road,  Camden-square,  Wil- 
liam Joseph  Davids,  esq.  late  of  Crayford,  Kent. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  67,  Sarah,  widow  of 
Samuel  Dyer,  esq. 

In  Provost-road,  Hampstead-road,aged  46,  Fre- 
derick Evans,  esq. 

At  Letham  House,  Dame  M.  T.  Buchan  Hep- 
burn, widow  of  Sir  John  Buchan  Hepburn,  Bart, 
of  Smeaton  Hepburn. 

At  Burwell,  Camb.  aged  80,  the  relict  of  Woot- 
ton  Isaacson,  esq.  of  Landwade  Hall. 

At  Barnard  Castle,  aged  69,  Charlotte,  wife  of 
Robt.  Lakeland,  esq.  fourth  daughter  of  the  late 
Thomas  Hayes,  esq.  of  Aislaby  Hall,  Pickering. 

Aged  58,  at  Badwell  Ash,  Suffolk,  Samuel  Par- 
ker, esq. 

At  Eastbourne,  Sussex,  aged  66,  Mary,  relict  of 
John  Pearson,  esq. 

At  Worcester,  aged  66,  James  P.  Sheppard,  esq. 
F.R.C.S.  senior  surgeon  to  the  Wore.  InHrmary. 

At  South  Lambeth,  aged  68,  William  Simmons, 
esq.  of  the  firm  of  Brundrett,  Randall,  and  Sim- 
mons, of  the  Inner  Temple. 

At  Alphington,  Devon,  aged  61,  Grace,  wife  of 
John  W.  Snell,  esq. 

Edmund-Bechinoe-Ashford,  youngest  son  of 
John  Williams,  esq.  F.R.C.S.  of  Southsea. 

Feb.  21.  At  Great  Yarmouth,  aged  73,  William 
Baynes,  esq.  formerly  Captain  in  the  Hon.  East 
India  Company's  naval  service. 

At  Wadbury  House,  Som.  aged  22,  Elizabeth- 
Anne,  wife  of  Frederick  Brodie,  esq.  of  the  Gore, 
Eastbourne,  Sussex. 

At  the  residence  of  her  brother  Edward  Towns- 
end  Cox,  esq.  of  Birmingham,  Mrs.  Mary  Cox,  of 
Atherstone-upon-Stour. 

Aged  74,  Charles  Field,  esq.  of  Nottlngham-pl. 

In  London, aged  2 1 ,  John-William-Goodenough, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Wickham  Griffith, 
Rector  of  Bishopstrow,  Wilts. 

At  Surbiton-hill,  aged  34,  William  Burney  Ha- 
rington,  esq.  son  of  Henry  Ilawes  Harington,  esq. 
formerly  of  Madras. 

In  Cork-st.  Burlington -gardens,  aged  70,  Peter 
Kendall,  esq.  of  Aldeburgh,  and  Walthamstow. 

Mary-Lysons,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Charles 
Brandon  Trye,  e^q.  of  Leckhampton  Court,  Glouc. 

Feb.  22.  Aged  60,  Susanna-Sophia,  wife  of 
Chas.  Annosley,  esq.  M.D.  late  of  the  Scots  Greys. 

At  Axminster,  aged  28,  Ann-Sophia-Curtis,  wife 
of  Cliarles  W.  Bond,  esq.  solicitor. 

At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  aged  72,  Anno,  widow 
of  John  Crosbie,  esq.  of  West  Stow,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  William  Buck,  esq. 

At  Cainbcrwell,  aged  73,  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
the  Rev.  Joseph  Darby,  M.A.  Curate  of  Epsom 
and  Vicar  of  Skcnfrith,  Monmouth. 

At  Roriston,co.  Meath,  aged  63,  Christopher 
Drake,  esq. 

At  Staunton  Harold,  Leic.  the  Hon.  Devereux 
Hugh  Lui»U8  Shirley,  infant  son  of  Earl  Ferrers. 

Charles  Millett,  c.s<i.  of  Chicklade,  near  Uindon, 
Wilts. 

At  Dunham-on-Trent,  Notts,  aged  45,  Thomas 
William  Newstead,  esq. 

At  Midhurst.agcd  46,  Henrj*  Wells,  esfj.  holicitor. 

Feb.  23.  At  Windsor,  aged  56,  Frances,  relict 
of  .lames  Robinson  Aubrey,  esq. 

At  Woolwich,  Marj-Blanche-Braddock,  relict  of 
William  Bird,  esq.  M.D.  of  Chelmsford. 

At  Edinburgh,  Iklargaret,  wife  of  James  Black- 
adder,  esq.  Dean  of  (luild. 

In  Dought>-8t.  Katharine,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  P. 
Dob.son,  OfHcial  Secretar>'  of  the  Evang.  Alliance. 

In  the  Mile-end-road,  aged  63,  George  Fulchcr, 
esq.  of  Mark-lane. 

At  Bournemouth,  Frances,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Robert  James,  esq.  of  Bedford-pl.  Ruasell-sq. 

At  St.  Budeaux,  Cornwall,  aged  86,  Miss  Law- 
rence, sister  of  Major-Gen.  Lawrence,  C.B. 


444 


Obituary. 


[April, 


At  Bath.  Gorges  Lovther,  e^.  formerly  of 
Kilme,  co.  Heath. 

At  Reading,  Mrs.  Ann  Reach  Mackenzie,  many 
years  resident  in  tliat  town.  Her  age  is  not  known, 
but  she  attended  a  wedding  in  Scotland  in  1745. 

In  Carzon-st.  Majiair,  James  Parke,  esq.  of 
Lincoln's-inn-flelds. 

At  Clist  Honiton,  Devon,  aged  93,  Jane,  ^idow 
of  Mr.  Alderman  Phillips,  of  Exeter. 

At  Holbeach,  aged  84,  John  Phipps,  esq. 

At  Margate,  aged  93,  William  Read,  esq.  for- 
merly of  St.  James*s>pl.  London. 

Accidentally  drowned,  by  the  upsetting  of  a  boat 
on  the  Thames  near  Cavenham,  aged  17,  Charles- 
Radcliffe-Strong,  third  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Claude 
Adolphus  Roberts,  of  the  Madras  Army. 

At  Edinburgh,  Miss  Margaret  Small,  eldest  sur- 
viving dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Alexander  Small,  D.D. 
.Minister  of  Kilconquhar,  Fifeshirc. 

At  Reading,  aged  66,  William  Talmadge,  csti. 

At  Bishopsnympton,  l>evon,  aged  91,  John 
Tucker,  whoflo  brother,  three  3rears  older,  is  at  this 
time  in  the  active  discharge  of  his  duties  aa  verger 
at  St.  George's  Chapel,  Windsor. 

Fth.  24.  In  Pimlico,  aged  80,  Comm.  James 
Feamley  Arnold,  R  J^.  He  entered  the  navy  in 
1803  in  the  Repulse  74,  and  was  present  in  Sir  R. 
Calder's  action  22  July,  1805,  at  the  passage  of  the 
Dardanelles  1809,  and  in  the  expedition  to  Flush- 
ing 1809.  He  was  made  Lieutenant  1810,  and  ap- 
pointed in  that  year  to  the  Bedford  74,  in  1813  to 
command  the  Neptune  tender,  in  1814  to  the  Puis- 
sant 74,  and  in  1823  to  the  Coast  Guard.  In  1846 
he  was  appointed  to  the  Ocean  80,  guardship  at 
Sheemcss,  where  he  remained  for  some  y&xn.  He 
was  bi  receipt  of  the  out-pension  of  Greenwich 
Hospital. 

At  Clifton,  Susan,  wife  of  Thos.  Lane  Coulson,  esq. 

At  KilUow,  Cornwall,  aged  49,  William  Daubuz, 
esq.  late  High  Sheriff  of  the  county. 

Aged  29,  H.  A.  Eliot,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Capt. 
EUot,  R.N. 

At  Willingham,  Camb.  aged  46,  Ann,  wife  of 
Stephen  Feaay,  esq. 

At  Ipswich,  Sarah-Rozanna,  tliird  dau.  of  the 
late  Richard  Hall  Gower,  esq.  of  E.  I.  Company's 
service. 

At  the  rectory,  Weston  Favell,  aged  57,  Sarah- 
Ann,  vrife  of  Rev.  R.  H.  Knight. 

Aged  77,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Savage  Landor,  dau. 
of  the  late  Walter  Landor,  eftq.  of  Warwick,  and 
of  Ipsley  Court,  Warw. 

Richard  Matthews,  esq.  seijeant-at-law,  of  Belitha 
Vilhu,  Islington,  and  Histon,  Cambridgeshire.  He 
was  called  to  the  bar  at  the  Middle  Temple,  April 
25, 1828  ;  and  to  the  degree  of  serjeant-at-law  July 
7,  1852.    He  formerly  went  the  Northern  Circuit. 

At  Dalston,  at  an  advanced  age,  Robert  Mel- 
huish,  asq.  of  II.M.S. 

At  Torquay,  aged  32,  Emily-Frances,  wife  of 
John  Thomas  Norris,  esq.  of  ^lillhousc,  Sutton 
Courtney,  Berks. 

In  Endsleigh-st.  Isabella,  second  dau.  of  James 
S.  Walker,  esq.  late  of  New  South  Wales. 

/>6.  25.   At  Clifton,  Charles  Edw.  Bernard,  esq. 

At  Asfordby,  Leic.  aged  21,  Jane,  wife  of  Rlch- 
anl  Cheslyn,  esq.  leaving  an  infant  family. 

Aged  66,  John  Michael  Fellows,  esq.  of  Risley, 
Derbyshhre. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  56,  William  Finlaybon 
esq.  late  purser  R.N. 

At  Medbourne  rectory,  aged  91,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Hodgson. 

At  Tottenham,  aged  77,  Richard  Lillwull,  esq. 
late  of  Lime-st.  and  Gracechurch-st. 

Aged  77,  John  Little,  esq.  of  Pitchcombe  IIouso, 
Glouc. 

At  Clapham-rise,  aged  77,  Sarah,  widow  of  Ben- 
jamin Mallam,  esq.  of  Ewell. 

At  Fish  Hall,  near  Tunbridge,  Maria,  relict  of 
Richard  Pater,  esq.  surg.  Commerdal-road  East. 

At  Haslar,  Lieut.  Joseph  Short,  R.N.  He  en- 
tered the  service  in  1805,  and  was  made  Lieute- 
nant 1815;  after  which  he  was  fbr  abont  three 


▼ears  on  the  Coast  blockade  as  Bapenrax 
Lieut  of  ibe  Hyperion  49  and  Ramiluea  74.  Alto- 
gether be  served  for  thirteen  years  on  fhll  paj. 

At  St.  Saviour's,  Jersey,  aged  S9,  Margaret- 
Mary,  wife  of  Wm.  Stevenson,  esq.  surg.  £.1.0^. 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Major  Rich.  Stock,  45th  Foot 

At  Halifax,  aged  50,  Ann,  youngest  dan.  of  the 
late  John  Walker,  esq.  of  Crowsnest. 

At  Northampton ,  a^ied  30,  Thomas  Bnsley,  eldest 
son  of  Thomas  Warne,  esq.  of  Sussex  Villa,  Re- 
firent's-park . 

At  Woodstock,  Col.  John  Neave  Wells,  C.B.  lata 
Royal  Eng.  son  of  the  late  Admiral  Wells,  %A 
Holme,  Hants.  He  saw  much  active  service  from 
1808  to  1814,  includhig  the  batUes  of  Boleia, 
Vimiera,  Comnna,  the  riege  of  Flushing,  blockade 
of  Cadiz,  action  of  Baroesa,  passage  of  the  Bidas- 
soa,  and  blockade  of  Bayonne ;  and  was  also  in  the 
campaign  of  Belgium  and  France  in  1815. 

At  Stourton,  WUts,  aged  61,  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  S.Williams. 

Ffb,  26.  At  Farleigh  Castle,  Som.  aged  79,  Mary- 
Anne,  widow  of  Henry  Brooke,  esq.  of  Henbonr. 

At  Gloucester-crescent,  Regent's-park,  aged  78, 
Thomas  Theodore  Campbell,  esq.  late  of  the 
Audit-office,  Somerset  House. 

At  Wheatley,  Oxfordshire,  Harriet-Vashon.irlflB 
of  Rev.  Edward  Elton,  Incumbent  of  that  parish. 

Aged  66,  George  Farren,  esq.  late  of  Weat- 
boume-terrace. 

At  Highbury,  aged  83,  Ann,  relict  of  Robert 
Garland,  esq. 

At  Lewes,  aged  64,  Eliza,  widow  of  William 
Stanford  Grignon,  esq.  of  Jamaica. 

In  Dover-pl.  New  Kent-road,  aged  80,  Hemy 
Thomas  Hewitt,  esq.  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Goldsborough  Hall,  aged  28,  the  Lady  Eli- 
zabeth Lascelles.  She  was  the  eldest  child  of 
nick-John  Marquess  of  Clanricarde  by  the  Hon. 
Harriet  Canning,  only  dau.  of  the  Ri^t  Hon. 
(veorge  Canning  and  the  Viscountess  Oanntwg. 
She  was  married  in  1845  to  Lord  Viscoont  Laa- 
cel]es,and  has  left  issue  four  sons  and  one  daughter. 

At  Frome,  Frank  Mansford,  B.A.  of  Durham 
University,  youngest  son  of  ti^e  UUe  J.  £.  SiDuis- 
ford,  esq. 

In  Upper  Harley-st.  London,  aged  79,  A.  L. 
Moses,  esq. 

At  Gym  Castle,  Flintshire,  aged  36,  Ellen,  wttb 
of  James  Spence,  esq. 

At  Hastings,  aged  53,  WUliam  Ward,  esq.  of 
Chcshunt  and  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Colchester,  aged  39,  Thomas-Mallett,  only 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Wythe,  esq.  of 
Middlcton,  Norfolk. 

At  Otterboum,  aged  59,  William  Crawley 
Yunge,  esq.  late  of  the  52d  Regt.  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  Duke  Yonge,  of  Comwood. 

F(^.  27.  At  Edinburgh,  Alary-Catherine,  wUb 
of  James  Campbell  Brodie,  esq.  of  Letben  and 
Coulmony.  "" 

Aged  71,  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Thomas  Goad, 
esq.  of  Hackbridge,  Carshalton. 

Mary,  wife  of  Robert  Graham,  esq.  Boxton 
House,  Forest,  Loyton. 

Drowned  off  the  Dutch  coast  while  attempttng 
to  escape  from  the  steamship  Edinburgh,  aged  M, 
Charles  Mordan,  esq.  merchant,  of  Hamburg 

Aged  56,  W.  P.  PUUuis,  esq.  solkdtor,  SwaAham. 

Aged  62,  Thomas  Munnings  Vickeiy,  esq.  of 
Lincoln'luinn-flelds,  solicitor. 

Aged  46,  Henry  >\'hitmore,  esq.  soigecw,  Cog- 
geshall,  Essex. 

Feh.  28.    At  Bath,  aged  61,  Wm.  Baklock,  esq. 

Aged  52,  William  Bartholomew,  esq,  of  Upper 
Baker-street. 

At  Hamilton  Lodge,  near  Edinburgh.  EUxa,  wife 
of  tlie  Rev.  John  Boyle,  Incumbent  of  St  Mark'a 
Episcopal  Church,  Portobello,  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  Henry  WUlock  Reynell,  esq.  of  Kendal. 

At  the  Government  House,  Tortola,  aged  GO, 
Lieut.-Col.  John  Cornell  Chads,  President  of  the 
British  Mrghi  Islands. 

At  Minehead,  brevet-MaJor  Henry  DoaglasCow- 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


445 


per,  late  of  40tli  Regiment;  and  on  the  21st /<i». 
Mary  Welsford  Cowpcr,  his  sister. 

At  Koxborougb,  co.  Kerry,  Lieut.  James  Day 
Eagar,  a  gallant  and  venerable  officer  of  the  30th 
Foot,  with  which  he  served  in  the  Peninsula. 

At  Blackheath,  Amelia,  third  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Eloois,  esq.  and  sister  of  the  Rev.  J.  H. 
Elouis,  Curate  of  St.  Rnnwald's,  Colchester. 

At  St.  Helier's,  Jersey,  aged  69,  Richard  New- 
man, esq.  formerly  of  Alfriston,  Sussex. 

At  York,  aged  72,  Mary- Ann,  yridow  of  Thomas 
Orchard,  esq.  of  Hatton-garden,  and  Englefleld- 
green. 

Near  Torquay,  Harry-Sibthorpe,  son  of  Captain 
G.  T.  Pinchard,  late  of  3d  Madras  Light  Infiintry. 

At  Hallow,  Wore,  aged  24,  Anna,  yrife  of  Lewis 
Sharpe,  esq.  third  dau.  of  Mr.  J.  Mallett,  of  Wood- 
bridge. 

At  S wanton  Morley,  aged  88,  Ljrdia,  relict  of 
Rev.  Robert  Sutton,  of  East  Bilney,  and  dau.  of 
Samuel  Byam,  esq.  of  Antigua. 

In  Hinde-st.  Manchester-sq.  Capt.  Wm.  Hard- 
ing Woodgate,  86th  Regiment. 

LcUeljf.  At  North  Shields,  aged  67,  Alice,  relict 
of  the  Rev.  James  Clarke,  M.A. ;  and  a  few  days 
previously,  aged  63,  Miss  Rosetta  Adams.  These 
sisters  formerly  and  for  many  years  carried  on 
a  school  in  Hawley-sq.  Margate. 

In  tlie  East  Indies,  Lieut.  G.  A.  Ellerman,  mail 
agent  (1841). 

At  New  York,  Patrick  O'Donoghne,  one  of  the 
Irish  rebels  of  1848,  who  broke  his  parole  and 
escaped. 

At  Tangier,  Captain  Charles  Dudley  Oliver, 
30th  Regt. 

At  Stockholm,  aged  80,  Mr.  Samuel  Owen,  to 
whom  Sweden  owes  the  first  introduction  of  steam- 
boats. He  went  over  as  a  simple  workman,  but 
by  his  industry  and  mechanical  talents  raised 
himself  to  the  position  of  owner  of  a  large  machine 
establishment. 

At  Sprlngfleld-lodge,  Sudbury,  aged  72,  Mary- 
Gibbon,  relict  of  Capt.  Rodney  Wentworth  Sims, 
10th  Foot,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  New- 
man, Rector  of  Cornard  Parva. 

At  St.  Petersburg,  Lieut.  Peter  Wliite,  R.N. 
(1812;. 

March  1.  At  Low-row,  Cumberland,  aged  44, 
W.  Cowan,  esq.  railway  contractor. 

At  Newton  House,  Perth,  John  Cunningham, 
esq.  of  Newton,  late  Lieut.  92nd  Highlanders. 

In  Wandsworth-road,  aged  70,  James  Day,  esq. 
second  son  of  the  late  Rev.  R.  Day,  of  Norwich. 

At  (incrnsey,  Elizabeth  Jane  Grant,  dau.  of  the 
late  Lieut.-Col.  James  Grant,  46th  Regt.  granddau. 
of  ilaJor-Cien.  William  Grant,  R.A. 

At  South  Wembiiry,  Devon,  aged  74,  Thomas 
Lockyer,ei>q.  a  Magistrate  and  Deputy  Lieutenant 
for  the  county. 

At  Leamington,  aged  68,  Octavia,  wife  of  Saml. 
Tarratt,  esq.  formerly  of  Sutton,  Surrey,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  W.  Bedford,  esq.  of  Waltham- 
stow. 

In  St.  JamesVst.  aged  80,  Lieut.-Col.  Vachell, 
formerly  Lieut.-Colonel  of  the  Cambridgeshire 
Militia. 

March  2.  At  Sandwich,  Charlotte,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  N.  Braddon,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's  and 
St.  Clement's,  Sandwich. 

Aged  40,  Harriet,  wife  of  II.  Braxton,  esq.  R.N. 

In  Pall  Mall,  aged  75,  Benjamin  Dacosta,  esq. 
one  of  the  few  remaining  officers  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Trafalgar. 

At  St.  Neot's,  aged  84,  William  Day,  esq. 

Aged  73,  William  Grainger,  e?q.  of  New  Brent- 
ford. 

At  Coombc,  near  Modbiiry,  Devon,  aged  57, 
Wm.  Mattliews,  esq.  of  Plymouth. 

At  Brighton,  aged  75,  Harriet,  relict  of  H. 
.Mnnn,  esq. 

At  the  Swedish  Legation,  in  Ualkin-st.  West, 
aged  52,  his  Excellency  Baron  Rehausen,  the 
Swedish  Ambassador.  His  Excellency  was  for 
many  ycjirs  in  early  boyhood  resident  at  Becken- 


ham,  Kent,  hia  fitther  haTiQK  long  resided  in  thia 
country. 

At  Regent's  Villas,  Upper  Avenue-road,  Re- 
gent's  Park,  aged  70,  Sarah,  relict  of  C.  W.  R. 
Rdfars,  esq.  of  the  Five  Houses,  Clapton. 

At  Rowington,  aged  89,  Thomas  Wallia,  esq. 

In  Upper  Harley-st.  aged  89,  Miss  Watts. 

March  3.  At  Hamburg,  Josephine,  wife  of  G. 
L.  A.  Behrens,  esq.  formerly  of  London,  third  dau. 
of  Joseph  Fewton,  esq.  of  Kennington. 

At  Strand-on-the-Green,  aged  85,  Mrs.  Sarah 
Croly. 

At  Paris,  aged  75,  Cleland,  relict  of  Joseph  Clnm- 
berlege,  esq.  of  Bombay. 

At  Blyth-hill,  Sydenham,  Kent,  aged  60,  Janet- 
Jerman,  wife  of  Robert  Espie,  surgeon  R.N.  }'oung- 
est  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Simons,  esq.  of  Sydenham. 

At  Rotherhithe,  aged  77,  William  Howard,  esq. 
late  of  King  and  Queen  Ironworks. 

At  Bath,  aged  55,  John  Wingfleld  Shawe,  esq. 

At  Southampton,  aged  61,  Lieut.  John  Smith, 
(f)  R.N.  He  entered  the  service  1807,  was  at  the 
battle  of  Algiers  in  1816  in  the  Hecla  bomb,  and 
was  made  Lieut.  1821 ,  having  then  served  for  thir- 
teen years  on  full  pay. 

At  Hammersmith,  aged  44,  Henry  West,  esq. 
thhrd  son  of  the  late  Lient.-Col.  Francis  Ralph 
West,  33d  Regt. 

At  Chiswick,  aged  50,  Eleanor,  wife  of  Mr.  Chas. 
Whittingham,  printer,  of  Took's-ct.  Chuicery-lane. 

At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  70,  Barnard 
Winter,  son  of  the  late  John  Winter,  esq.  of  Acton, 
Middlesex. 

March  4.  At  St.  George's  Hoq>ital,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  &11  firom  his  horse  in  Hyde  Park, 
aged  32,  Henry  John  Blagrove,  esq.  late  of  Glou- 
cester House,  London,  and  Orange-valley,  Jamaica, 
eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late  Frederick  Richutl 
Coore,  esq.  and  grandson  of  the  late  John  Bla- 
grove,  esq.  of  Abshot  House,  Hants,  and  Cardiff 
Hall,  Jamaica. 

At  Khigstown,  near  Dublin,  aged  78,  the  Right 
Hon.  Mabella  Lady  Blayney,  wUie  of  Andrew- 
Thomas  1  Ith  Lord  Blavney.  She  was  the  eldest 
dau.  of  James  1st  Earl  of  CSaledon  ;  was  married 
in  1796,  and  was  left  a  widow  in  1834.  She  waa 
mother  of  the  present  Lord  Blayney  and  two  sur- 
viving daughters. 

At  East  Cliff,  Devon,  aged  53,  George  Sarage 
Curtis,  esq.  a  magistrate  and  Deputy  Lieutenant 
for  the  county. 

At  Northampton,  Sarah,  wife  of  Augustus  Eves, 
M.D.  of  Cheltenham. 

Francis,  third  son  of  the  Rev.  S.  E.  Garrard,  of 
Park  Hall,  Salford,  near  Evesham. 

At  Naish  House,  Somerset,  aged  62,  James  Adam 
Gordon,  esq.  of  Knockespock  and  Terpersie,  Aber- 
deenshire, and  of  Stocks  House,  Herts. 

At  CUidogan-pl.  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Hay, 
esq.  C.B.  Commissioner  of  Police. 

At  Brighton,  aged  73,  Henry  Hopkins,  esq.  o^ 
llubbome  Lodge,  Christchurdi. 

At  Paddington-green,  aged  64,  John  James 
Kent,  esq. 

March  5.  Aged  38,  John  Barker,  esq.  of  Bridg- 
north. 

At  Blaydon-house,  near  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
aged  29,  Isabella,  wife  of  P.  Brown,  esq.  M.D. 

At  Highgate,  Louisa,  eldest  dau.  o<  Uie  late 
Charles  Browning,  cs<i.  of  Epsom. 

At  Budleigh  Salterton,  aged  84,  Margaret,  relict 
of  Charles  James  Clarke,  esq.  of  Jamaica. 

William,  youngest  son  of  Vice-Adm.  Croft,  of 
Stillington,  Yorkshbre. 

In  Uarley-st.  aged  83,  Elizabeth ,  widow  of  Henry 
Hughs,  esq.  printer  to  the  Hon.  House  of  Com- 
mons, and  formerly  one  of  the  C!ourt  of  Aasiatanti 
of  the  Stationers'  Company,  who  died  Sept.  5, 
1810. 

At  West-hill,  Wandsworth,  aged  83,  Daniel 
Langton,  esq. 

In  Cecil-st^  Strand,  aged  80,  Sarah,  relict  of 
George  Norman,  esq.  of  Eer  Mf^esty's  Stamps  and 
Taxes. 


446 


Obituary. 


[ApiiL 


At  her  nephew's,  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Boone,  Stan- 
iMpe-st.  Hyde  Park-gardens,  aged  89,  Sarah, 
ddest  dau.  of  the  late  James  Shcrgold,  esq.  of 
Sonhnry,  Middlesex. 

At  Wynnstay,  aged  65,  the  lion.  Uester-Frances, 
vrife  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Henry  Watkin  WiUianu 
Wynn,  K.G.B.  and  G.G.H.  and  sistftr  of  Lord  Car- 
ington,  the  late  Conntess  Stanhope,  and  the  late 
Lady  Gardner.  She  was  the  sixth  dan.  of  Robert 
first  Lord  Carlngton,  by  his  first  wife  Anne,  eldest 
dan.  of  L.  6.  Barnard,  esq.  and  was  mairied  in 
1813. 

March  Ci.  At  Tunbridgc,  at  the  house  of  his 
nephew  Mr.  J.  S.  Charlton,  aged  73,  Thomas 
Alchhi,  esq.  late  of  Goddington-honse,  Frindsbury, 
Kent. 

In  Hertfordsliire,  .aged  67,  Hannah,  eldest  dau . 
of  the  late  Christopher  Finch,  esq.  of  Sudbury, 
and  sister  of  Mrs.  Fenn,  wife  of  the  Roy.  Joseph 
Fenn,  of  Blackheath,  Kent. 

At  Hackney,  aged  71,  John  Hellycr,  esq.  late 
of  Half  Moon-st.  Bishopsgate. 

At  Fulham,  aged  84,  Ann,  relict  of  Henry 
ilaundrell,  esq.  of  Hcddington,  Wilts. 

At  Winchester,  W.  J.  Nicholas,  esq.  surgeon. 

At  Camden-town,  aged  77,  James  llckford,  esq. 
father  of  Jas.  H.  Pickford,  esq.  M.D.  of  Brigh- 
ton. 

At  Portman-sq.  Sophia,  relict  of  Jame;)  Back- 
well  Praed,  e^q.  of  Tyringham,  Bucks,  and  Treve- 
thoe,  Cornwall.  Slie  was  the  dau.  of  Charles 
Chaplin,  osq.  of  Blakcney,  by  Elizabctli,  only  dan. 
and  lieireK}  of  Robert  Taylor,  cs<i.  M.D.  She  was 
married  in  1H23,  and  left  a  widow  in  1837,  having 
had  issue  two  sons,  WilHam-Backwell  and  Charles- 
Tyringham,  and  three  daughters. 

At  Whidsor,  Miss  Rainc. 

At  PljrmouUi,  aged  54,  Richard  Thompson,  cxq. 
Master  R.N. 

March  7.  At  Worthing,  Sussex,  Miss  Francois 
Coleman. 

At  Leamington,  Jane  Helena,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
John  Craig,  Vicar  of  Leamington  Prior's,  youngest 
dan  of  the  late  James  Johnstone,  esq.  of  ri>pcr 
Wlmpolc-st. 

At  Hastings,  aged  GH,  C.  G.  DraCHkc,  esq. 

At  Chelsea,  Kmnia,  dau.  of  the  late  William 
Finden,  esq.  engraver. 

At  Southampton,  Frances,  wife  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Hall,  Royal  Eng. 

At  Manchester,  aged  72,  Thomas  Adgnmn  Hill, 
esq.  Captain  in  the  Cumberland  Militia. 

At  Preston  House,  near  Favcrsham,  aged  60, 
Sarah,  wife  of  Giles  Hilton,  exq. 

In  Argyll-st.  Thoman  Incc,  esti.  youngest  M>n  nf 
the  late  Tliomas  Ince,  ami.  of  Christleton,  near 
Cliestcr. 

At  tlie  re-^idence  of  his  son,  Alcicot  rectory,  near 
Bideforil,  William  Ixie,  c}<<i.  fonnerly  and  for  many 
years  Actuary  of  tlie  Exeter  Savintf.-*  Itank. 

At  Bromptou,  aged  31,  M.  du  I'ont,  fonrtli  dau. 
of  Rear-Admiral  Money. 

Aged  93,  J.  S.  Richard.H,  e»t\.  K.N. 

March  8.  At  Brighton,  aged  33,  Cutlierine-Au- 
drcw.s,  wife  of  the  IJev.  John  Allen. 

At  Tyncluun,  Dorset,  jigcd  85,  .Tane,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  William  Bond,  Rector  of  Steeple-with- 
Tynehain ,  and  Canon  of  liristol .  Shu  was  the  only 
dau.  of  Henry  Biggs,  e!>q.  of  Stockton  House, 
Wilts,  and  was  left  a  widow  in  March,  1852  (sec  . 
our  vol.  xxxvii.  p.  423). 

Aged  49,  Capt.  Richard  Loth  Lowthian  Char- 
teris.  He  committc<l  sclf-<lestruction  by  cutting 
his  throat  with  a  razor  during  an  attack  of  deli- 
rium tremens.  He  was  well  known  a<(  an  Oriental 
linguist. 

In  Llster-ploce,  Regent Vpark,  aged  39,  .\rclii- 
hald  Cocke,  emi.  surgeon. 

Aged  65,  John  Courage,  esq.  of  Dulwich. 

At  the  rectory,  Barthomley,  Cheshire,  Mrs.  Ed- 
ward Duncombe. 

In  Upper  Baker-«t.  aged  86,  Bridget,  widow  of 
Andrew  Feltliam,  esq. 

At  St.  Leonard's-on-Sea,  Constance  Alice,  dan. 


of  the  late  Rev.  William  Harrey,  Afhnowea  Glebe, 
CO.  Cork. 

In  Upper  George-st.  Bryaaston-aq.  aged  86,  Mrs. 
Hill,  widow  of  Col.  Hill,  50th  Regt. 

Aged  59,  John  Wright  Hodgetts,  esq.  formerly 
of  Bristol,  and  late  of  London. 

Aged  45,  Richard  Houghton,  esq.  formerly  As- 
sistant Manager  of  the  llegent-st.  branch  of  the 
Union  Bank,  and  late  of  lalington. 

At  Aldeburgh,  Suffolk,  aged  23.  Montague 
James,  Bengal  Art.  seventh  son  of  tue  late  Wil- 
liam Rhodes  James,  esq. 

At  Brixton,  Lieut.  Samuel  George  PuUen,  B.N. 
He  entered  the  service  IBOl ,  was  inade  Lient  1816, 
and  served  for  31  yearn  on  /Ull-pay.  He  married 
in  1838  Isabella  Jane,  second  dui.  of  H.  Duncan, 
esq.  M.P. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  32,  Carolhie-Sophia-Eliza- 
beth  Baillie  Hamilton,  Gomtesse  de  Roubion. 

In  Paris,  at  an  advanced  age,  the  Count  Thlben- 
deau,  member  'of  the  Senate.  He  waa  the  last 
8ur\iving  mem1)er  of  the  Convention  who  voted 
for  the  death  of  Louis  X\l. 

Phebe,  wifb  of  Thomas  Turner,  esq.  of  Manor- 
road,  Stamfbrd-hiU. 

At  Broomley  Kyle,  Enniscorthy,  Ireland,  aced 
83,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  H.  0.  Weatherley,  of  Eaet 
Acton,  esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  George  HncgniTe, 
e.««q.  of  Green-st.  (»ros>'enor-8q. 

In  Holles-st.  Cavendiah-aq.  aged  76,  WUUam 
Henry  Wickey,  esq. 

March  9.  At  Wynches,  Much  Hadham,  Herte, 
aged  82,  Hannah,  widow  of  William  Anthony,  eeq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  44,  Ann,  wife  of  Cai»t. 
Alban  T.  Davies,  late  of  the  Bengal  Army,  and  (tf 
Ty-Glyn,  Cardiganshhre. 

At  West  Mailing,  aged  82,  John  Dndlow,  eeq. 

Harriet,  wife  of  W.  H.  (toodered,  esq.  of  Pimlieo. 

At  Fairmile,  Cobhain,  Surrey,  aged  74,  Mre. 
Gyles,  of  Upper  Seymour-st. 

In  SIoane-«t.  aged  88,  James  Halfhide,  eeq.  late 
Paymaster  37tli  Foot. 

At  Larkbere  House,  Devon,  agod  78,  Eliza-Anne 
Hill,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Rowley  Hill,  esq.  of 
Mount  Hill,  CO.  Armagh. 

At  Childwall,  KdMnrd  Molyneaux,  e^i.  aldenoan 
of  Liver])ool. 

At  Gloucester  VUlas,  Maida-hlll  West,  aged  64, 
William  Shackell,  e-v].  u  liveryman  of  the  Com- 
pany of  Stationers,  well  known  and  respected  by  a 
large  circle  of  fHend.t.  He  was  originiUly  a  printer, 
and  in  1H20  l)ccamc  the  printjor  and  one  of  llie 
proprietors,  together  with  Mr.  Theodore  Hook,  of 
the  Jtthn  Bull  newspaper.  He  married  a  daughter 
of  Mr.  Gritfiths,  formerly  a  printer  in  Patemoeler- 
row,  and  a  manufoctiu^r  of  printers'  ink ;  tai 
which  latter  busineits  he  was  succeeded  by  hia 
son-in-law,  tlie  late  Mr.  Shackell,  whose  ma&u- 
factories  were  at  Cop]iice  Row,  Clerkenwell,  and 
Hornhey  lioud,  Islington. 

At  Devonsliire-Inmso,  Bamsbury  Park,  aged  78, 
E.>tlier,  relict  of  Thomas  Tre».H,  c*i.  of  FaverHham. 

At  Standon  Rectory,  Staff,  in  her  4th  year, 
Mary,  youngest  child  of  tlie  Rev.  Joseph  Salt. 

At  01(1  Brompton,  Robert  Sarel,  third  son  of  the 
late  R.  Sarel,  es(|.  solicitor. 

At  Barnstaple,  John  Winter,  esq.  sorgeon. 

March  10.  In  Peckham,  Anna-Maria-Jane, 
wife  of  the  Itev.  W.  C.  Lake  Aspinall,  Chaplain  of 
the  Bermondioy  Union  Workhouse. 

At  her  hou's,  Mr.  .lohn  Atkinson,  surgeon,  of 
Heworth,  near  York,  aged  90,  Mn.  Atklneon, 
nlict  of  Mr.  MiKiey  AtklniiOQ,  soUcllor,  of  Malton, 
and  grandmother  of  Mr.  T.  P.  Atkinson  of  KU- 
iiam,  Kurgeon. 

At  Douglas,  Ixle  of  Man,  Frederick  Fredericks, 
Q'*q.  late  of  DutTrjni,  near  Neath. 

At  Sheffield,  Mr.  James  Haywood,  l*rofeaeor  of 
Chemistry  at  the  WeMeyan  College,  an  analytical 
chemist  of  great  talent,  and  a  distingalsbed  lec- 
turer on  chemistry  as  applied  to  agricnltttral 
science  as  well  as  to  manufactorea.  H  hen  pour- 
ing some  sulphuric  acid  from  a  laige  botda 
it  broke,  and  he  fell  with  it,  and  lay  for  acme  time 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


447 


inhaling  its  iioisonoiut  funiei.  Ilui  death  ensued 
about  rfeven  hours  after,- 

At  Stowebedon  Cottage,  near  Larlingford,  Noff. 
aged  84,  Mrs.  Maria  Jones,  lato  of  Breccles 
Hall. 

At  Aldborougli,  near  Boroughbri<lge,  aged  30, 
Mrs.  It.  Morley,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  B.  Luraley, 
Vicar  of  Sheriff-Hutton. 

At  Waverley  Abbey,  Sun-ey,  aged  68,  Anne- 
Elizubcth,  wife  of  George  Tliomas  Nicholson,  esq. 

March  11.  Aged  61,  George  Anderton,  esq.  of 
Moscley  Wake  Green. 

At  Stamford-hill,  aged  67,  James  B^o^^^le,  esq. 
of  College-st.  City. 

In  Stratford-pl.  EH/a-Louisa,  wile  of  Tlioma.s 
Emmerson,  csmi. 

At  Dedhani,  Kssex,  axod  3.'>,  (icorge  Miu^on 
Hawkins,  esq.  B.A.  (184.'>),  Magdalene  College, 
Cambridge,  son  of  the  late  William  Hawkins,  esq. 
of  Colchester,  and  youngest  brother  of  William 
Warwick  Hawkins,  esq.  M.P.  for  that  borough. 

At  Bishopwearmouth,  aged  35,  Anna-Maria- 
Peraberton,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  J.  H.  H.  Holmes, 
esq.  Denierara,  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Stephen 
reraborton,  esq.  M.P.  of  Sunderland. 

At  Hartley-Wintney,  Hants,  Jane-Charlotte, 
wife  of  G.  W.  Horn,  e.sci. 

At  Stoke  Newington,  aged  .'>7,  Samuel  Ker- 
shaw, esq. 

At  Shepton  Mallet,  aged  (il,  Cordelia,  widow  of 
Donald  Mackay,  osq.  of  British  Guiana. 

At  Loughborough,  aged  41,  F.  C.  Noble,  esq. 
surgeon. 

At  St.  John's  Wooil,  au'cd  42,  Savilc-Cravcn- 
Henry,  youngest  son  of  the  late  llev.  John  Savilo 
Ogle,  D.D.  of  Kirkley  Hall,  Northumberland,  late 
M.P.  for  South  Northumberland. 

At  Tavistock,  aged  40,  Capt.  WhidboiUTic,  late 
of  the  Devon  Burra  Mine. 


France*,  wife  of  John  Wilkinson,  esq.  of  James- 
St.  Adelplii. 

March  12.  At  Brighton,  aged  76,  John  Foller- 
ton  Elphinstone,  esq. 

At  Heslington,  aged  84,  Joyce  Gold,  esq.,  form- 
erly a  printer  in  Shoe  Lane,  London.  He  pub- 
lished The  Xaral  Chronicle,  a  well-supported  peri- 
odical during  the  late  war. 

At  Shirley,  near  Southampton,  aged  87,  Francis 
Evelyn  Mos.^,  esq.  Commander  in  the  service  of 
the  Royal  West  India  Mail  Steam  Packet  Com- 
pany. 

At  Froxfield,  Wilts,  aged  76,  Catherine,  relict  of 
fteorge  Ryley,  esq.  of  Hungerford. 

At  his  father's,  Plymouth,  aged  39,  Henry 
Smith,  esq.  surgeon. 

At  Chelsea,  aged  64,  Jane,  relict  of  the  lato 
Lieut.  John  Wilton,  53d  Kegt. 

At  Portsmouth,  aged  60,  Geo.  Victor,  esq.  J.P* 

JUcurh  13.  At  Windlestone,  Durham,  in  his  3d 
year,  George-Frederick,  third  son  of  Sir  William 
Eden. 

At  Haslar  Hospital,  aged  14,  Henry  Augustus 
FitzKoy  Phipps,  Naval  Cadet  of  H.M.S.  St.  Jean 
D'Acre,  son  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  A.  F.  l^hipps ;  a 
nephew  to  the  3Iarquessof  Nonuanby,  and  grand- 
son of  the  Duke  of  Grafton. . 

At  Netley,  Salop,  aged  92,  John  Thos.  Hope,  esq. 

Ann,  MTife  of  Mr.  Key,  surgeon,  Brixton,  ddest 
dau.  of  the  late  Andrew  Flnde  Thomas,  esq. 

At  Charlton,  Glouc.  aged  41,  diaries  William 
Paul,  esq. 

At  Andover,  aged  85,  Mary,  relict  of  John  Sweet- 
apple,  esq.  of  Foxcote,  near  Andover. 

At  South  Shields,  aged  80,  Christopr.  Wawn,  esq. 

At  Hinckley,  aged  73,  Mary,  relict  of  R.  J.  Win- 
terton,  esq.  of  Sketchley  Hall.  Some  account 
of  the  ancient  family  of  Wlnterton  is  given  in 
Nichols'  Leicestershire,  iv.  pp.  115, 123,  161. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  issued  by  the  Registrar-  General,) 


Deaths  Registered 


Week  ending 
Saturday, 


i  Under.  15  to  >  60  and     Age  not 
j    15.    I     60.   '■  upwards,  specified. 


Feb. 
Mar. 


»» 


25  .  640  '  416 

4  .  '     519  '  393 

11   .  619  425 

18  .  562  348 


275 
223 
292 
254 


3 

5 

21 


Total.      Males.    Females. 


1334  I 
1135  I 
1341 
1185 


657 
580 
688 
604 


677 
555 
653 
581 


no's 

.S  CO 

Mm 


1795 
1739 
1800 
1764 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  March  18. 

Beans. 
«.    d. 
45  11 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

8.    d. 

8,    d. 

s.    d. 

«.    d. 

79     2 

38     9 

27     7 

50    2 

Peas. 

9,    d, 

47    5 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  March  27. 
Sussex  Pockets,  9/.  9«.  to  11/.  8«.~Kent  Pockets,  11/.  0«.  to  17/.  0«. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  March  27. 

Hay,  3/.  15«.  to  5/.  5«.— Straw,  1/.  12*.  to  2/.  2*.— Clover,  4/.  10«.  to  6/.  0*. 

SMITHFIELD,  March  27.    To  sink  the  Offal—per  stone  of  81bi. 

Beef 3«.    2(/.  to  4«.    6d.  I      Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  March  27. 

Mutton 3».    8d.  to5».    2d.  Beasts 4,116    CaWes  106 

Veal 4«.    8d.  to5«.    mA        Sheep  and  Lambs   21,440   Pigs      310 

Pork 3».    0</.to4#.    8(Z.   | 

COAL  MARKET,  March  27. 
Walls  Ends,  &c.  I6#.  Oci.  to  22f.  Od.  per  ton.     Other  sorti,  16ff.  Oif.  to  20#.  Oif. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  67«.  0<f .     Yellow  RmiiR,  68«.  64. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  uv  W.  CARY,  Strand. 
Fram  Ftbruar)/  86,  to  Mare^Jla,  1654^  both  inelnlte. 


ftbrcuheiVi  Therm 

Fnhrenheit'B  Therm. 

t^ii  , 

Si 

5 

ilM 

lii  i  i; 

ii 

Ui 

11 

Z 

We«ther. 

U    £    j   — ■ 

Feb. 

n.pts. 

Mar.'     '        ' 

"   i„.pts.li 

26 

40     49 

38 

30.52 

fair 

la  1  53     60 

43  29,  98  IfcloadT,  rdn 
48  ,     .96)|fiilr,cldy.riin 

27 

iS     'VS 

39 

.  3^ 

do. 

13     52     68 

28 

45 

Si 

36 

,  36   cloudj,  hir 

14  1  50     55 

47  ;     ,  92  1  do.  do. 

M.I 

35 

50 

,  65   Mr,  clondr 

15  1  50     57 

50  30,  16    cUj.rui.,«r 

11 

36 

,  6.^   do.  do. 

J6     52     37 

43       ,  08  1  fiur,  toEtr 

31 

50 

3S 

,  59   toggj,  bir 

17  1  43     51 

40       ,38 

,do.  r.in 

35 

49 

3ii 

,  69   do"do. 

18  ■  45     47 

42       ,02 

r.ln 

30 

38 

3i 

,68, do.  do. 

19  ;  40    43 

38  29,97 

ciDody 

30 

U 

its 

,  16  'do. 

20    37    40 

40  30,  28 

r.iD.  Ut 

33 

48 

4fi 

,  46  ;;clo»dy,  to 

21     40  1  47 

37  1    ,28 

cloudy.  Mr 

g 

40 

58 

St 

,4s'do.da. 

a:-  ,  39     46 

44       ,46 

<r*lr 

65 

G2 

63 

,28:do. 

83     41     50 

40       ,37 

cloudy 

10 

Si 

5! 

•17 

,04. fair                  i 

24,     40  .  47 

41       ,28 

;do.f>ir 

11 

S3 

« 

U 

.  11 

oloDdy,  »m 

25  ,  41     48 

44  20,  90 

r«n.cldy.Wr 

DAILY  PKICE  OF  STOCKS. 


I   ^   ^  *■  ■^P"'" 


24,218  ,     92|  '  91  j     93)   5^ 240      8  pm.      IS    21  pm, 

252181     92»  ;  92       93*   5f  ' . IB  pm. 

371219       92i  9Ij     93i   a} 240     B 12  pm.    IB    21pm. 

28219       91}  .  9l|     93  '  H   100) 239     8I2pm.   II    21pm. 

ll ■     91J  91S     93     5f   lOlJ 17    21pm. 

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3219  ;     92^  '  91f     Sii   ^i 240  |   12  pm.     16    20pm. 

4  220  I •■  9lJ     92J — , 7   5  pm.'  15    20  pm. 

61220  I '  91        92J 1 235  '    8  pm.      13    18  pm. 

7'218)l ;  91f     93     5J  ' 115  j 4   9pm,    12    18  pm. 

0,221   ;  91*     92fl  5|  ' ' 4pm.    ,12    17  pm. 

9' '  Sit     92i' 1    4pm.   12     16  pm. 

10, 1  91J   ,' 233     9   4pm.   12    16  pm. 

llj , ,  91i  ' 233   12    16pm. 

13| 1 91J   , 10    16pm. 

14' ' ;  914   — • 4  pm.      10    14  pm. 

IS 1 9i|  I 9pin.      10     14pD. 

16 1 1  9H Spm.        8     19  pm. 

17 ; 1  91     ■ 5   fipm.     e     12  pm. 

18 ]  901 ^P"-        5     10  pm. 

20 90f 232   5     10  pm. 

211 1  Ml 2.13        p«r.     .    3      B  pm. 

22 89f 234   par.Gpm.'    3      7pm. 

23 ; 1  89) 230  -   3dii.    3  dii.  4  pm. 

24! ■!  89 —  I  ■  1  dU.  2  pm. 

27' 1  87| 225       7di«.    2  du.   2  pm. 

J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  >Dd  Sbve  Broker, 

3,  Copthsll  Chunbert,  Angel  Court, 

Throgmorton  Street,  LondM, 

/.  a.  ttlCHOLl  AND  BOHi,  PKINTBBS,  25,  VABLtAMEST  ITRBIT. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

MAY,  1854. 


CONTENTS. 

PAOE 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE  .—Norden  the  Topographer— Importation  of  Human  Hair  for 
Wig-makers— Ring  given  by  Charles  I.  to  Sir  Philip  Warwick— Library  of  the  British 
Maseam— Will  of  the  Harqness  of  Londonderry  450 

Memoirs  of  Elizabeth,  Princess  Palatine  of  Bohemia • 451 

M.  Villemain*s  Souyenirs — Count  Louis  de  Narbonne 458 

Letter  on  the  outbreak  of  War  with  France  in  1549 467 

Letters  of  Lady  Brilliana  Harlej 468 

The  Church  of  Barton-upon-Humber  {with  Engravings) *. 476 

Haxthausen  on  the  Internal  State  of  Russia 478 

The  Diggings  at  Gloucester.     By  John  Clarke,  Esq.  Architect 486 

A  Sonnet  tributary  to  the  Poet  Bernard  Barton 487 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— Answer  to  Oxonlensls  on  the  Oxfbrd  Sep- 

tuagint,  488  ;  Notice  of  Fleet  Hithe  in  the  reign  of  Henry  1 490 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Proposed  Scientific  Commission  to  the  East— Arctic  Exploration- 
Exhibition  of  Educational  Machinery — Schools  of  Art — Public  Libraries  and  Mnaeoms — 
Scientific  Societies  of  Liverpool— Medals  of  the  Geographical  and  Astronomical  Sodebr — 
Burlington  House— Surrey  Archaaological  Society — Sale  of  Antiquities— Sale  of  the  CoUec- 
tions  of  George  Arnold,  esq.,  F.S.A. — Proposed  Publication  of  the  Faussett  CoUection — 
Opening  to  ^iew  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral — Statues  of  Stephenson  and  Dalton— Guildhall 
Monument  of  Wellington  —  Statue  of  George  U.  in  Leicester-square— Monument  to 
Chantrey- Foreign  Statues— The  University  of  Oxford— Booksellers'  Provident  Institution        491 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Griffith's  Ancient  Gothic  Churches  and 
Architectural  Botany,  495  ;  Sir  C.  Anderson's  Eight  Weeks'  Journal  in  Norway,  i6. ; 
Forester's  Norway  and  its  Scenery,  497 :  Eyton's  Antiquities  of  Shropshire,  ib. ;  Hon. 
liobert  Curzon's  Armenia,  499 ;  The  Wanderings  of  Persiles  and  Slgismunda,  by  Cer- 
vantes, 500 ;  Hickie's  Translation  of  Aristophanes,  502  ;  Yonge's  Treatises  of  Cicero,  t6. ; 
Minucius  Felix,  by  Iloldcn,  503  ;  Strickland's  Rome,  Hegal  and  Republican,  ib. ;  Watson's 
Sallust,  Horus,  and  Velleius  Paterculus,  504  ;  Works  of  Tacitus,  505  ;  The  Ecclesiaatical 
History  of  Socrates,  ib. ;  Gibson's  Northumbrian  Casties,  Churches,  and  Antiquities,  506 ; 
Murray's  British  Classics :  Works  of  Oliver  Goldsmith,  edited  by  Peter  Ctmningham,  507 ; 
Dr.  Smith's  edition  of  Gibbon,  508  ;  Dr.  Cumming's  Benedictions,  or  the  Blessed  Life,  ib. ; 
Noake's  Rambles  in  Worcestershire,  ib. ;  Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame  D'Arblay,  509 ; 
Dr.  Vaughan's  Letter  to  Viscount  Palmerston,  ib. ;  Various  Publications  in  Theology, 
ib.i  Taylor's  Emphatic  Greek  Testament,  510;  Adam  Smith's  Theory  of  Moral  Senti- 
ments, ib. ;  Waddington's  John  Penr>',  the  Pilgrim  Iflartyr,  511;  Peel's  Salem  Redeemed, 
t&.;   White  on  Symbolism,  »&.;  Kingston's  Blue  Jackets  619 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,   513;    Numismatic    Society,  513; 

Royal  Society  of  Literature— British  Archseological  Association   614 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  515  ;  Domestic  Occurrences   517 

Promotions  and  Prefennents,  518 ;  Births  and  Marriages   590 

OBITUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  The  Duke  of  Portland ;  Viscount  Doneraile ;  Lord  Mostyn ; 
Haron  dc  Keliausen ;  Sir  James  Wylie,  Bart. ;  Mr.  Justice  Talfourd ;  Vice-Admiral 
Klliot ;  Rear- Admiral  Falcon  ;  Lieut.-General  James  Hay,  C.B. ;  Major-General  Godwin ; 
Colonel  Mountain,  C.B. ;  Captain  Latter ;  Colonel  C.  E.  Gordon  ;  Colonel  D.  J.  Ballingall ; 
Lieut.-Colonel  Monypenny  ;  Aubrey  Beauclerk,  Esq. ;  Francis  Edw.  Hurt,  Esq. ;  Thomas 
(ioodlake,  Esq. ;  Gorges  Lowther,  Esq. ;  Edmund  R.  Daniell,  Esq. ;  Rev.  H.  B.  Wilson, 
D.D. ;  Rev.  George  Stanley  Faber ;  Rev.  Edw.  James,  M.A. ;  Richard  Harris,  Esq. ; 
James  Henwood,  Esq. ;  John  Smith,  Esq. ;  James  lialcott  Richardson,  Esq. ;  Rer.  Samuel 
Rowc  ;  M.  Visconti  ;  M.  Renouard ;  Silvio  Pellico ;  Tommaso  Orosai ;  Signor  Bubinl ; 
Madame  Berlioz ;  Mr.  G.  P.Harding;  Captain  Warner    695—661 

CLEaoT  Deceased 661 

Deaths,  arranged  In  Chronological  Order   563 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  669;  Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 560 


By    SYLVANUS   URBAN,    Gbht. 


450 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mr.  Urban, — ks  a  pendant  to  the 
paper  of  J,  B.  on  Norden  the  Topogra- 
pher, in  jour  Magazine  for  April,  I  give 
you  a  copy  of  an  indorsement  on  one  of 
the  *'  mutilated  Exchequer  Records  "  in 
my  possession. 

"  16o  Decembris  IG15 

John  Norden  employed  for 

S'^vey  of  sondry  his  ma**  manno'* 

Com'  Wiltes  &  Som'set 
L"  XV"  Ind« 

Imprested  xv^^ 

remanet  xxxv^'  xx* 

order  made  for  xx"  in  pt.*' 
The  original  document,  consisting  of 
forty-one  Tines  on  one  side  of  a  sheet  of 
foolscap,  appears  to  have  been  wholly  in 
Korden's  handwriting,  and  it  was  no  doubt 
signed  by  hira,  but,  like  many  other  valu- 
able and  interesting  papers,  on  the  turn- 
out of  the  Exchequer  records  it  was  torn 
in  half  (from  top  to  bottom),  leaving  the 
halflines  only  which  came  to  my  hands. 
Yours,  &c.  R.  CoLB. 
During  the  fashion  of  wearing  full-bot- 
tomed wigs  there  was  a  considerable  im- 
portation of  human  hair  into  this  country, 
as  appears  in  the  following  curious  para- 
graph in  the  London  Mercury,  March 
25  to  April  1,  1721:— "*Tis  reported 
that  great  quantities  of  Human  Hair  lie 
now  ready  packed  up  at  Rouen  in  France 
(which  was  pollected  from  Marseilles, 
Provence,  and  Languedoc,  the  only  places 
where  the  plague  rages,)  to  be  transported 
to  England,  and  that  the  villainous  dealers 
have  so  bribed  the  country,  that  the 
coasts  of  Sussex  and  Devon  are  open  for 
them  whenever  they  come.  This  ought 
to  rouse  every  person  to  use  his  utmost 
endeavour  to  detect  and  bring  to  justice 
these  diabolical  wretches,  who  would  ra- 
ther chuse  to  sacrifice  a  whole  nation 
than  be  disappointed  in  their  avaricious 
ends ;  for  if  this  importation  is  not  pre- 
vented it  must  infallibly  bring  a  miserable 
desolation  upon  this  country." 

Charles  the  First,  when  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  gave  from  his  finger  to  Sir  Philip 
Warwick  a  ring  bearing  a  figure  cut  in  an 
onyx,  in  order  to  seal  the  letters  written 
for  him  by  Sir  Philip  ait  the  time  of  tha 
Treaty.  This  ring  was  left  by  Sir  Philip 
to  Sir  Charles  Cotterell,  Master  of  the 


Ceremonies ;  and  in  his  will,  dated  I6th 
April,  1701,  it  is  bequeathed  to  Sir  Ste- 
phen  Fox.  (Archseologia,  xxxv.  343.) 
Are  any  further  particulars  of  its  history 
Imown  ?  Q. 

Library  qf  the  Britith  Museum.^-To 
H.  T.  who  asks  whether  it  is  not  extra- 
ordinary that  so  important  a  work  as 
Dulaure's  History  of  Paris  is  not  to  be 
found  in  the  library  of  the  British  Museum, 
we  can  only  reply  that  the  deficieaciei  of 
the  collection  are  stiU  very  manifest. 
Though  vast  numbers  of  foreign  works 
have  been  added  of  late  years,  the  mafs  Is 
not  of  the  most  useful  description :  which 
seems  to  show  that  the  purchases  acquired 
have  been  rather  inddental,  and  in  whole- 
sale quantities,  than  discriminative.  But 
it  is  al^o  to  be  lamented  that  to  many 
English  works  are  still  wanting.  For  ex- 
ample, in  the  Obituary  of  the  present 
Magazine  is  recorded  the  death  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Pennington,  who  was  the  author 
of  two  volumes  of  Continental  Tours: 
neither  of  these  books  are  in  the  library  of 
the  British  Museum. 

(n  the  Table  of  Precedency  in  our  last 
Magazine,  p.  374,  is  this  error:  for 
"  Daughters  of  Knights  Companions  of 
the  Bath/'  read  '*  Daughters  of  Knights 
of  the  different  Orders,  in  succession  as 
before." 

The  will  of  the  late  Marquess  of  Lon- 
donderry has  been  proved  at  Doctors' 
Commons.  It  consists  of  a  few  lines, 
giving  all  his  estates,  real  and  personal,  to 
his  Marchioness,  absolutely  and  at  her 
entire  disposal,  appointing  her  also  sole 
executrix.  An  endorsement,  in  his  own 
handwriting,  recapitulates  its  eontents  in 
terms  of  most  aflFSectionate  endearment. 
The  personal  estate  in  the  province  of 
Canterbury  has  been  sworn  under  45,OOOI, 
which,  when  added  to  that  within  the  pro- 
vince of  York,  whidi  is  under  250,0001. 
and  in  Ireland  under  40,000/.  makes  an 
aggregate  of  personal  property  left  by  the 
deceased  of  335,000/.  ezdostfe  of  all  the 
vast  settled  estates  and  collinies  of  the 
Vane  and  Londonderrr  families  in  Enalaod 
and  Ireland,  in  the  foriner  of  wbica  the 
deceased  is  succeeded  by  Lady  London- 
derry, and  in  the  latter  by  the  present 
Marquess. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW* 


ELIZABETH,  THE  PRINCESS  PALATINE. 

Memoirs  of  the  PrinccBs  Palatine  Elizabeth  of  Bohemia ;  including  her  Correspondence 
with  the  Great  Men  of  her  day,  and  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  Holland  under  the 
Princes  of  Orange.    By  the  Baroness  Blaze  de  Bury.    8to.    Bentley.     1854. 


THE  interest  of  this  work  is  two- 
fold. Of  the  Princess  Elizabeth  the 
author  tells  ns  all  that  she  has  been 
able  to  gather,  which,  in  spite  of  the 
title-page  promise  of  "Correspondence 
with  great  men,"  is  very  little,  but  that 
little  is  prefaced  by  some  valuable  and 
interestmff  details  respecting  the  ^reat 
hero  of  the  House  of  Orange,  prmci- 
pally  derived  from  a  work  entitled  the 
*'  Archives  of  the  House  of  Orange," 
published  under  the  authority  of  the 
King  of  Holland,"  and  as  yet  but  little 
known  in  this  country. 

William  of  Nassau,  rrinceof  Orange, 
fondly  remembered  amongst  the  people 
whom  he  freed  from  the  tyranny  of 
Spain  by  the  title  of"  Father  William," 
and  commemorated  by  those  who  have 
less  regard  for  him  by  the  nickname  of 
"  The  Taciturn,"  was  four  times  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife,  Anne  van  Egmond, 
was  daughter  of  Maximilian  Ck)unt  of 
Buren.  To  her  the  Prince  was  united 
in  very  early  life,  and  by  her  he  had  two 
children,  a  daughter,  Mary,  and  a  son, 
Philip.  The  latter  was  kidnapped  in 
1568  by  the  Duke  of  Alva  from  Louvain, 
where  he  was  pursuing  his  studies  at  the 
university,  and  was  sent  prisoner  into 
Spain.  This  event  not  only  separated 
the  father  and  son — the  prince  and  hb 
heir — for  many  years :  it  did  more. 
By  such  means  as  theologians  in  Spain 
then  knew  how  to  use  to  perfection, 
the  young  Prince  was  prevented  fol- 
lowing the  example  of  his  father  in 
forsakibg  the  faith  of  Rome,  and  thus 
the  barrier  of  adverse  religions  as  well 


as  that  of  separate  interests  was  placed 
between  William  and  his  son.  The  si- 
tuation of  his  heir  is  very  necessary  to 
be  borne  in  mind  when  considering  the 
conduct  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  towards 
those  who  were  entitled  literally  to  look 
tip  to  hitn  as  their  "  Father." 

William's  second  marriage  was  a 
very  unfortunate  one.  The  lady  was 
Anne,  daughter  of  Maurice  Elector  of 
Saxony,  and  the  match  seems  to  have 
been  made  hastily^  in  1561,  shortly 
after  the  death  of  Anne  of  Esmond. 
By  this  second  marriage  the  Prince 
bad  three  children,  two  daughters  and 
his  second  son,  Maurice,  born  in  1567. 
This  was  the  illustrious  successor  who 
consolidated  his  father^s  victories,  and 
established  the  independence  of  hb 
country.  But  between  him  and  his 
lather  circumstances,  as  in  the  case  of 
Maurice's  elder  brother,  interposed  a 
cloud.  When  Maurice  was  about  four 
years  old,  and  his  calm  nnimpassioned 
father  was  actively  engaged  in  the 
struggle  against  Spain,  and  oflen  in 
the  greatest  perplexity  as  to  ho#  it 
was  to  be  mamtained,  a  deep  private 
calamity  was  superadded  to  tnat  share 
of  the  public  evils  which  was  already 
pressing  heavilv  upon  him.  The  loss 
of  his  heir  was  followed  by  the  disgrace 
of  his  wife.  Of  the  partner  in  her 
guilt  but  little  is  known.   He,  or  more 

Srobably  his  wife,  filled  some  subor* 
inate  ofiice  in  the  household  of  the 
Princess.  But  all  that  really  appears 
in  the  book  befbre  us  is,  that  he  was  a 
married  man,  and  that  in  the  in(j[tiity 


452 


Elizabeth  the  Princess  Palatine. 


[May, 


which  took  place  he  was  designated  by 
the  letter  B.  The  Prince's  conduct 
on  this  occasion  was  characteristic. 
When  tidings  were  brought  to  him  of 
his  dishonour,  he  caused  the  papers  of 
the  Princesses  paramour  to  be  seized, 
and  the  culprit  to  be  put  under  arrest. 
Letters  of  the  Princess  were  dis- 
covered, and  the  examination  of  the 
prisoner  led  no  doubt  of  their  guilt. 
The  facts  being  ascertained,  the  Prince 
calmly  sent  a  Protestant  clergyman  to 
his  wife.  Through  him  he  advised  her 
to  examine  her  conscience,  and  to  con- 
fess her  guilt,  so  that  means  might  be 
devised  to  keep  her  disgrace  a  secret, 
and  to  prevent  her  children  suffering 
from  their  mother's  crime.  Her  answer 
was  as  follows.  It  will  be  read  with 
astonishment.  Although  long,  we  do 
not  find  it  possible  to  abridge  it. 
Mj  Lord, 
I  heard  last  Mondaj,  with  great  sur- 
pri8e,from  Dr.  Merlin,  that  you  had  had  B. 
taken  prisoner,  and  had  asked,  or  caused 
to  be  asked,  of  him  things  which  menace 
mj  honour  far  too  nearly.  I  do  not  be- 
lieve that  one  limb  of  my  whole  body  is 
exempt  from  a  feeling  of  just  indignation 
at  the  insult  you  have  thereby  offered  to 
me,  to  yourself,  to  my  entire  sex,  and  to 
our  poor  children.  If  in  your  heart  you 
will  think  over  the  matter,  remembering 
how,  for  ten  years,  I  have  lived  with  you, 
and  the  conduct  I  have  observed,  you  can 
do  no  other  than  bear  witness  to  my 
fidelity,  truth,  and  proper  behaviour ;  I 
should,  therefore,  have  hoped,  as  you  had 
such  strong  proofs  of  my  honour  and 
honesty,  that  you  would  have  denied  all 
credence  to  any  bad  suspicions  or  reports, 
and  that  your  heart  would  have  given  them 
no  access,  for  you  ought  certainly  to  better 
trust  your  own  heart  and  your  own  eyes, 
than  the  light  and  idle  inventions  of  other 
people.  I  can  only  believe  that  God  has 
withdrawn  from  you  his  hand,  and  blinded 
you  with  sin.  .  .  .  As  to  what  Dr.  Merlin 
tells  me  from  you  about  the  prisoner's 
avowals,  I  am  by  all  such  avowals  most 
astounded ;  for  it  is  a  false  and  hideous 
lie,  whether  be  may  have  said  it  or  not, 
and  1  take  God  to  witness  that  I  have 
never  broken  my  bridal  oath.  However, 
I  can  understand,  if  the  prisoner  above 
alluded  to  has  really  made  such  confessions 
(which  I  scarcely  credit),  that  tliey  may 
have  been  the  produce  of  fear  of  torture, 
or  of  torture  itself ;  for  he  is  sufficiently 
pusillanimous  by  nature.  If  you  were  in 
the  hands  of  the  Duke  of  Alva  (which  God 
forbid  !)  you  might,  perhaps,  avow  that 
white  is  black ;  consequently,  he  is  not, 


perhaps,  so  much  to  be  blamed  for  saying 
that  which  is  against  my  honour — imjiut 
questions  generally  obtain  lying  answert 
— and  BO  has  it  happened  in  this  case; 
but  you  will  have  to  answer  it  to  God  and 
to  all  honourable  men,  that  upon  bare 
suspicions  you  have  imprisoned  an  indi- 
vidual, and  cast  so  gross  a  slur  upon  your 
wife's  fair  name !  Secondly,  the  before- 
mentioned  doctor  tells  me  you  pretend  to 
prove  my  guilt  by  letters  in  your  posses- 
sion ;  that  can  you  never  do ;  for  it  will 
never  be  found  that  I  ever  wrote  a  letter 
other  than  such  as  a  true,  honourable 
woman  might  write.  Thirdly,  he  aven  that 
witnesses  are  there, —witnesses  selected 
from  out  my  household,  or  having  formeiiy 
belonged  to  it,  and  who  are  ready  with 
their  testimony  1  God  in  Heaven !  whftt 
false  lies  are  those  which  would  effect  that 
of  which  I  never  even  dreamed  I  Any  one 
may  easily  recognise  the  lie ;  for,  suppotii^ 
me  to  have  forgotten  myself  (from  which 
the  Almighty  has  preserved  and  will  pre- 
serve me),  I  fancy  I  should  have  cidled 
no  one  by  to  witness  it.  How  often  one 
is  surrounded  in  one's  home  by  monsters 
worse  than  lions  and  dragons  1  I  wish  I 
knew  the  names  of  such  witnesses,  for  I 
should  well  know  what  to  reply  to  them  1 
And  so,  too,  you  let  me  be  counselled  bj 
this  said  doctor,  to  examine  well  my  con- 
science, and,  should  I  recognise  my  guilt, 
to  avow  it  in  time,  so  that  means  may  be 
devised  of  keeping  it  secret,  and  prevent- 
ing our  children,  when  they  come  hither, 
from  being  despised  on  account  of  their 
mother's  crime ! 

I  have  examined  my  conscience,  and 
find  myself  innocent  of  all  the  dishonour 
whereof  you  accuse  me,  and  justly  will  no 
contempt  attach  to  my  children  throngh 
my  means.  But  I  now  entreat  of  you  that 
you  will  descend  into  your  conscience,  and 
will  examine  it  and  reflect  upon  the  vast 
shame  you  are  bringing  upon  your  chil- 
dren and  younelf,  if  you  allow  all  this  to 
go  further,  and  become  matter  for  people's 
talk !  The  wisest  course  would  be  that 
you  should  let  drop  reports  you  have  so 
lightly  listened  to  and  credited,  and  not 
permit  them  to  circulate  any  fiirther,  to 
your  own  shame,  and  to  the  delight  of 
your  enemies ;  and,  moreover,  to  the  fear- 
fully heavy  charge  upon  your  conscience ; 
for  the  wrong  you  are  doing  me,  is  no 
small  a  load,  believe  me.  I  do  not  speak 
thus  (as  you  may,  perhaps,  imagine), 
from  fear  of  being  proved  guilty  of  what 
you  have  advanc^.  God  is  my  witness 
that  I  act  not  from  any  such  motive,  seo- 
ing  I  know  my  own  conscience  so  entirslji 
but  solely  to  spare  you  from  shame,  inas* 
much  as,  however  clearly  1  maj  prove  my 
purity  and  freedom  from  reproach,  still  all 


1854.] 


Elizabeth  the  Princess  Palatine. 


45S 


my  life  will  a  doubt  fasten  to  my  honour, 
one  believing  me  innocent,  another  the 
reverse.  If  my  advice  does  not  persuade 
you,  I  am,  nevertheless,  quite  ready  to 
meet  you  on  other  ground,  and  defend  my 
innocence  to  the  last  breath  of  my  life, 
not  only  before  my  relatives,  but  before 
even  the  courts  of  the  realm  ("  Kirch's 
Kammergericht,'')  in  order  that  each  one 
may  be  enabled  to  judge  of  my  purity,  and 
the  injury  you  have  done  me.  You  sent 
three  vromen  to  me  here,  with  orders  that 
no  knife  should  be  left  within  my  reach  ! 
This  was  unnecessary;  and  you  needed 
not  to  fear  lest  I  should  do  myself  a  harm. 
Although  the  cross  you  have  laden  me  with 
is  the  most  crushing  load  I  could  be  called 
upon  to  bear,  yet  am  I  consoled,  for  I 
trust  in  God  my  Lord,  and  in  my  right, 
and  am  confident  I  shall  be  saved,  even  as 
was  Susanna,  and  as  was  also  Daniel.  To 
say  all  this  was  the  reason  of  my  wishing 
to  speak  with  you ;  and  herewith  I  recom- 
mend you  to  our  Lord  God,  to  whom  I 
pray,  with  all  my  heart,  that  he  may  give 
you  grace  to  perceive  what  it  would  be 
most  seemly  and  most  honourable  that  you 
should  do. 

Your  most  unfortunate, 

Anne  of  Saxony. 

What  ensued  does  not  very  clearly 
appear :  save  that,  shortly  afler  this 
letter  had  been  written  by  the  Princess, 
the  confession  of  her  paramour  was 
read  to  her,  and  the  man  himself  wrote 
to  her  apprising  her  of  the  course  he 
had  taken.  Overwhelmed  by  accumu- 
lated proofs  of  hypocrisy  and  guilt, 
her  courageous  impudence  gave  way. 
She  confessed  her  crime,  and  threw 
herself  upon  the  mercy  of  her  hus- 
band. The  following  letter  to  her  pa- 
ramour bears  date  three  days  after  the 
one  we  have  just  quoted. 

I  have  received  your  letter  with  joy 
(writes  she),  for  it  teaches  me  that  the 
Lord  has  been  pleased  to  give  you  the 
grace  to  avow  the  great  and  heavy  sin  that 
we  two  have  committed,  and  likewise  that 
you  comfort  yourself  with  His  Word,  and 
give  up  to  him  all  care  of  you  for  life  or 
death.  It  was  no  slight  torment  to  me  to 
think  that,  perhaps,  for  my  sake,  you 
would  refuse  to  make  this  avowal,  and  that 
I  should  thereby,  in  fact,  be  the  cause  of 
your  damnation  in  body  and  soul;  but 
now,  as  I  perceive,  the  Lord  has  merci- 
fully delivered  me  from  this  anxiety.  In 
regard  to  myself,  I  have  this  day  also  con- 
fessed my  crime  before  God,  and  before 
all  men,  and  doubt  not  but  the  Lord  who 
is  so  compassionate  will  forgive  me.  I 
acknowledge  so  entirely  my  guilt  towards 


my  husband,  that  I  have  caused  my  most 
humble  pardon  to  be  asked  of  him  ;  and 
hope  that,  with  his  habitual  goodness,  he 
will  be  merciful  and  not  just,  as  hitherto 
he  has  shown  himself  both  towards  you 
and  me ;  for  if  he  had  acted  with  more 
justice,  he  would  have  allowed  neither  of 
us  to  be  so  well  treated  as  we  have  been, 
and  therefore  I  trust  the  Almighty  will  so 
inspire  him,  that  he  shall  show  yet  more 
pity  and  save  your  life,  which  I  wish  vnth 
all  my  heart,  in  order  that  you  may  be 
once  more  united  to  your  wife  and  chil- 
dren. I  feel  myself  very  ill  at  ease,  for 
having  so  ill  rewarded  your  wife  for  all  her 
services;  and  for  yourself,  I  commend 
you  to  the  Divine  mercy  and  protection, 
and  implore  God's  grace  to  comfort  and 
console  you,  and  preserve  us  from  sin  such 
as  we  have  committed. 

Anne  of  Saxony. 

Secresy  was  preserved  as  to  the 
cause  of  the  separation  which  ensued, 
and  four  years  aflerwards,  when  the 
Prince  was  about  to  embark  for  a  third 
time  upon  the  ventures  of  matrimonpr, 
a  sentence  of  divorce  was  procured  m 
some  quiet  but  not  altogether  private 
way.  The  sentence  was  founded  pro- 
bably upon  the  lad^*8  confession,  but 
the  partial  secresy  mcreased  the  very 
evil  it  was  intended  to  avoid,  and  g^ave 
rise  to  a  multitude  of  unjust  suspicions 
against  the  Prince. 

William*8  third  wife  was  Charlotte 
de  Bourbon,  Mademoiselle  de  Mont- 
pensier.  She  had  been  brought  up  by 
ner  mother  as  a  Protestant,  but  the 
Duke  her  father  had  inveigled  her  into 
a  nunnery,  and  confined  her  there,  out 
of  spite,  it  was  said,  to  her  mother,  who 
had  contrived  to  complete  the  aliena- 
tion from  Rome  of  her  eldest  daughter 
by  effecting  her  marriage  with  the 
Duke  de  Sedan.  Charlotte  was  kept 
in  her  nunnery  many  years,  "  though 
losing  no  opportunity  to  protest  against 
her  forced  confinement.  In  1572  the 
nunnery  fell  into  the  power  of  the 
Huguenots,  and  the  Princess  escaped 
to  Heidelberg,  where  she  lived  amongst 
people  who  looked  upon  the  Prince  of 
Orange  as  exhibiting  the  very  perfec- 
tion of  heroism.  Sne  entered  heart 
and  soul  into  the  general  feeling,  and 
the  Prince,  no  less  attracted  by  the 
admirable  qualities  of  the  high-bom 
Frenchwoman,  determined  to  unite 
their  fates.  His  friends  were  unani- 
mous in  advising  him  against  the  match, 
which  was  condemned  by  the  world  at 


454 


Elizabeth  the  Princess  Palatine. 


[Miy, 


large  as  a  mere  Bcheme  for  changing 
an  old  wife  for  a  new  one.  Besides, 
as  was  urged  bj  many  pebple,  the 
selected  lady  was  "  a  Irenchworiian," 
which  was  thought  to  be  much  against 
her,  "  a  nun,"  which  was  still  worse, 
"  and  a  runaway  nun  to  boot,"  which 
was  worst  of  all.  Fifty  other  reasons 
were  adduced  against  the  marriage. 
"  If  he  be  not  mad,"  wrote  the  Land- 

frave  of  Hesse,  "  he  ought  to  wish  to 
efrec  of  wife  and  children  altogether." 
The  Prince  was  of  another  mind.  He 
declared  that  he  had  "  no  vocation  for 
a  single  life,"  and  he  saw  nothing  in 
all  *'  the  cares,  occupations,  affairs,  and 
annoyances,  wherem"  he  was  "con- 
stantly plunged  up  to  the  neck,"  but 
additional  reasons  for  having  "recourse 
to  that  consolation  and  help  especially 
ordained  for  man  in  the  blessed  mar- 
ried state."  To  the  lady  herself  his 
offers  were  anything  but  enticing.  His 
charge  to  his  ambassador,  whom  he 
sent  with  his  proposals,  ran  as  follows : 

He  shall  say  that  almost  all  my  possessions 
are  settled  on  my  first  childrcD,  and  that 
on  that  account  I  have  no  power  to  assure 
any  dowry  to  Mademoiselle,  but  that  my 
intention  is  to  do  my  best  in  that  respect 
according  to  the  means  it  shall  please 
God  to  grant  me.  As  to  the  hoose  I 
have  built  at  Middlebnrg,  and  the  one  I 
am  building  at  Gertruidenburg,  though  it 
is  nothing  to  be  spoken  of,  yet  if  she  will 
accept  the  gift  as  a  beginning  and  testi- 
mony of  my  good  will,  there  will  be  no 
difficulty  therein. 

Moreover,  that  we  are  at  war,  without 
any  knowlege  of  the  probable  termination 
of  the  same,  and  that  I  am  deeply  in- 
debted on  that  account  to  many  princes, 
lords,  captains,  and  military  adventurers. 

That  I  am  beginning  to  grow  old,  see- 
ing that  I  am  somewhere  about  my  forty- 
second  year. 

The  heart  of  Charlotte  de  Bour- 
bon was  irrevocably  engaged ;  she 
needed  nothing  save  the  ^ince*s  offer 
as  a  prelude  to  her  consent ;  but  the 
world  at  large  continued  outrageous 
in  its  opposition.  The  Prince  took 
his  customary  course :  he  married,  and 
lefl  the  world  to  draw  its  own  con- 
clusions. "Since  God  gave  me  the 
power  to  reason  and  discern,"  he  states 
m  a  vindicatory  letter  addressed  to  his 
brother,  "  I  have  always  been  resolved 
never  to  care  for  words  or  threats  io 
those  situations  where  I  could  act  ac- 
cording to  my  conscience,  and  without 


prejudice  td  my  neighbour."  One  ob- 
jection was  the  scandal  which  it  occa- 
sioned respecting  the  offence  of  Anne 
of  Saxony.  We  quote  the  Prince's 
answer,  for  the  sake  of  enforcing  th^ 
invalual)le  sentiment  with  whicn  it 
concludes. 

Alas !  (he  says)  it  has  already  come  to 
such  a  pass,  that  the  very  children  prattle 
of  it,  and  that  in  France,  in  Italy,  in  Spitui 
and  in  England,  as  much  as  here.  Per- 
haps this  might  have  been  avoided  fai  the 
beginning ;  but  it  is  too  late  now,  and  ik 
the  past  we  should  seek  lessons,  but  not 
reproaches. 

Charlotte  de  Bourbon  proved  a  moet 
affectionate  wife,  and  sooii  overcame^ 
by  the  universal  propriety  of  her  con- 
duct, the  prejudices  which  she  hjKl  at 
first  to  encounter.  The  Prince's  ad- 
mirable bn)ther  John,  who  was  no  lets 
opposed  to  the  match  than  all  the  reel 
of  his  friends,  came  ultimately  to  write 
of  it  thus : — 

The  Prince  looks  so  well,  and  is  of  such 
good  courage,  in  spite  of  the  small  comfort 
be  enjoys,  and  the  extent  of  his  troubles, 
his  labours,  and  his  perils,  that  you  would 
hardly  believe  it,  and  would  be  immensely 
rejoiced  thereat  Of  a  surety  it  is  a  mosl 
precious  consolmtion  and  wondrous  relief^ 
that  God  should  have  given  him  a  wife  ao 
distinguished  by  her  virtue,  her  piety,  her 
vast  intelligence — in  a  word,  so  perfectly 
all  that  he  could  wish  :  in  return,  be  lovee 
her  tenderly. 

In  March,  1582,  an  attempt  wai 
made  to  assassinate  the  Prince.  A  ball 
from  a  pistol  entering  under  his  ear  od 
one  side  of  his  face,  passed  out  at  hia 
opposite  cheek.  Violent  hemorrhwa 
ensued  from  a  severed  vein,  and  rar 
many  days  his  life  was  thought  to  be 
in  the  greatest  danger.  The  anxie^ 
of  his  affectionate  wife  was  intenae* 
The  Prince  recovered,  but  she  fell  a 
victim  to  fatigue  and  trouble.  On  tlio 
5th  May,  1582,  the  Prince  waa  affain 
a  widower.  By  Charlotte  de  BoorDoa 
he  had  six  daughters,  but  no  son. 

The  Princess  fourth  wife  was  Louisa 
de  Coligny,  daughter  of  Admiral  da 
Coligny,  the  Huguenot  leader,  who  fell 
in  the  massacre  of  Saint  Bartholomew, 
and  widow  of  the  Comte  de  Teligny. 
By  her  he  had  one  child,  a  son  iiaiiie4 
Frederick  Henry.  This  lady  sarviTed 
the  Prince. 

On  the  Prince's  melancholy  awaa 
sination  it  became  a  serions  qneetioii 


1854.] 


Elizaheik  the  Prineess  Palatine. 


455 


what  was  to  be  done  with  his  twelve 
children,  or  rather  with  his  eleven,  for 
Philip,  his  heir,  still  remained  a  pri- 
soner in  Spain.  Overwhelmed  and 
oppressed  with  an  infinity  of  business 
and  "head- worry,"  he  himself  had  been 
able  to  give  but  little  attention  to  their 
education.  Count  John  his  brother 
had  indeed  in  this  respect  been  more  to 
them  than  their  father.  Afler  a  brief 
interval,  Maurice,  the  second  son,  suc- 
ceeded to  his  father*s  command  in  the 
contest  against  Spain.  He  supplied 
also  with  great  affection  the  place  of  a 
parent  towards  his  little  brother  Fre- 
derick Henry,  many  years  his  junior. 
The  nine  daughters  were  taken  charge 
of,  some  by  their  uncle  Count  John, 
and  the  rest  by  their  stepmother  Louisa 
de  Coligny.  Amongst  them,  one,  cele- 
brated for  her  dcmureness — a  daughter 
of  Charlotte  de  Bourbon — was  named 
Louisa  Juliana.  In  due  time  this  young 
lady  was  married  to  the  Elector  Pala- 
tine, and  became  the  mother  of  Frede- 
rick, the  titular  King  of  Bohemia,  the 
husband  of  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  our 
James  I.  Several  of  the  children  of 
Frederick  and  Elizabeth  are  well  known 
in  English  history.  Rupert  made  him- 
self conspicuous  during  our  Civil  War 
in  many  a  bloody  field.  Maurice  was 
a  kind  of  satellite  attendant  upon  the 
fortunes  of  his  more  fiery  brother. 
Sophia,  the  youngest  daughter,  married 
the  Elector  of  Hanover,  and  became 
the  ancestor  of  our  present  royal  family. 
Elizabeth,  the  eldest  daughter,  ordi- 
narily termed  the  Princess  Palatine, 
is  the  subject  of  the  present  bio- 
graphy. 

Ihe  date  of  her  birth,  which  took 
place  at  Heidelberg,  is  not  directly 
stated  in  the  present  work,  but  it 
occurred  in  1618.  Her  youth  was 
spent  in  Holland,  where  her  mother 
Elizabeth  found  shelter  on  the  ex- 
pulsion of  her  husband  from  his  as- 
sumed kingdom  of  Bohemia  and  his 
inherited  palatinate.  On  the  death  of 
their  father,  the  elder  brothers  went 
forth  into  the  world  as  soldiers  of  for- 
tune, whilst  the  four  daughters — Eliza- 
beth of  course  amongst  them — lived 
with  their  mother  at  the  Hague.  Gifted, 
and  for  the  mpst  part  beautiful,  these 
ladies  formed  one  of  the  niost  dis- 
tinguished family  circles  in  Europe. 
Science,  music,  painting,  and  literature 


had  each  its  special  representative  in 
their  pleasant  coterie.  Their  mother, 
retaining  her  love  of  horsemanship  and 
a  fondness  for  the  sports  of  the  field, 
delighted  in  being  abroad  at  the  head 
of  a  splendid  train.  Discrowned  as 
she  had  been,  she  conducted  herself 
on  these  occasions  as  though  she  were 
still  every  inch  a  queen,  and  attracted 
around  her  a  band  of  chivalrous  knights, 
who  pitied  her  misfortunes,  and  affected 
to  sigh  at  the  remembrance  of  her 
diarms.  Her  daughter  Elizabeth,  pre- 
ferring the  quiet  of  a  study  and  the 
refined  flattery  of  litterateurs,  acquired 
a  reputation  for  wonderful  proficiency 
in  learning.  At  fifteen  there  was  talic 
of  her  marriage  with  the  King  of 
Poland,  but  the  young  lady  is  said  to 
have  declined,  refusing  to  abjure  Pro- 
testantism, as  we  are  told  by  histo- 
rians and  flatterers,  but,  according  to 
our  author^s  speculations,  because  her 
cousin  Fredenck  William  of  Branden- 
burgh  chanced  to  come  into  Holland 
that  same  year,  and  to  remain  there 
for  his  education  for  four  years.  Who 
knows,  asks  the  author,  what  sentiment, 
"  unavowed  even  of  themselves,"  may 
have  been  mutually  inspired  in  Fre- 
derick William  and  Elizabeth  ?  Who 
knows  indeed  ?  The  lady  may,  on  this 
supposition,  have  refused,  a  crown  on 
account  of  a  sentiment  of  which  she 
was  almost,  if  not  altogether,  uncon- 
scious I  Refused  it  was,  in  all  proba- 
bility, for  her,  not  by  her ;  and  there- 
upon, as  we  are  told,  she  gave  herself 
u})  to  "  philosophical  speculation,"  and 
an  acquaintance  with  the  celebrated 
Anna  Maria  de  Schiirmann,  one  of  the 
wonders  of  the  age — a  lady  who  was 
familiar  with  all  the  sciences  and  all 
the  languages,  ancient  and  modern, 
with  which  the  learned  were  then 
acquainted,  and  moreover  was  a  poet, 
and  could  sing,  and  paint,  and  engrave, 
and  model,  and  carve  in  wood,  and 
make  tapestries,  which  last,  we  are  told, 
"have  a  reputation  throughout  the 
civilized  world."  She  was  m  truth  a 
female  Crichton,  and  did  everything 
in  such  a  way — which  is  always  the 
case  with  wonderful  people — as  would 
*^  alone  have  sufficed  to  ensure  her 
undying  celebrity,  had  [pray  mark  the 
**had,"  ye  who  possess  anything  of 
Anna  laaria  de  Schiirmann's  clever- 
ness] she  devoted  herself  exclnsiTely  to 


456 


Elizabeth  the  Pi*ince9s  Palatine, 


[May, 


its  cultivation."  But  she  did  not  so  de- 
vote herself,  and  therefore  she  remained 
a  mere  wonder — of  little  use,  save  to 
exhibit  the  natural  power  of  her  sex, 
and  prove  its  capability,  under  peculiar 
circumstances,  of  coping  with  man  on 
his  own  peculiar  fields  of  inquiry  and 
research.  Descartes  was  intimate  with 
the  family  of  the  de  Schlirmann.  Thence 
arose  an  acquaintance  between  the 
philosopher  and  Elizabeth.  After  some 
years  Anna  Maria  became  heretical 
upon  some  question  in  the  Cartesian 
philosophy.  She  blindly  followed  Vo- 
etius,  who  gave  "  intolerable  proofs  of 
violent  hatred  "  of  the  new  philosophy 
and  its  leader.  Elizabeth,  on  the  otner 
hand,  was  all  devotion  to  Descartes. 
She  even  enjoyed  the  distinction  of 
being  the  only  person,  male  or  female, 
whose  clear  intelligence,  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  philosopher,  really  com- 
prehended all  his  works.  Can  it  be  a 
wonder  that  the  philosopher  resigned 
the  de  Schlirmann  to  follow  the  in- 
tolerable Voetius,  and  surrendered 
himself  to  be  flattered  by  his  royal 
pupil  and  follower  ?  The  devotion  of 
the  lady  was  repaid  by  letters  and 
dedications,  in  which  the  philosopher 
sang  her  praises  in  words  the  loniest 
and  the  most  imaginative.  The  pre- 
sent author  assures  us  that  he  was 
"  sincere,**  and  we  advise  her  readers 
to  inquire  no  further. 

The  homage  of  the  philosopher  and 
the  submission  of  the  princess  continued 
for  many  years.  But  Descartes  was 
ambitious,  and  he  was  persecuted.  He 
desired  to  add  a  queen  to  the  list  of 
his  votaries,  and  the  number  of  his 
protectors.  He  did  so,  but  the  Queen, 
especially  such  a  (][ueen  as  Christina 
of  Sweden,  could  not  tolerate  a  rival 
near  her  throne,  wherever  that  throne 
might  be  erected.  She  determined  to 
reign  alone  in  the  dedications  of  Des- 
cartes, and  repulsed  the  friendly  ad- 
vances of  Elizabeth  with  contempt. 
But  even  queens  are  sometimes  foiled. 
The  philosopher  was  caught,  but  could 
not  be  kept.  He  went  to  Stockholm, 
and  there  was  safe  from  his  perse- 
cutors, but  not  from  his  friends.  Withm 
a  few  weeks  of  his  arrival  the  thought- 
less conduct  of  his  patroness  hurried 
him  to  his  grave.  He  was  taken  by 
the  great  conqueror  from  both  his 
rival  admirers.  Elizabeth  lost  one  who 
1 


had  been  a  useful  friend,  and  Christiiui 
did  not  even  obtain  the  honour  of  his 
grave. 

In  1650  the  Palatinate  famil;^  were 
restored  to  their  hereditary  dommions. 
Elizabeth  acquired  a  home  and  a  scanty 
pittance  as  a  maintenance.  She  lived 
in  the  palace  of  her  brother,  the  Elector 
Palatine,  and  was  compensated  for  the 
loss  of  Descartes  by  the  admiration 
of  the  learned  of  Heidelberg.  In  1661 
she  succeeded  to  the  joint  abbacy  of 
Hcrford,  one  of  the  four  small  female 
ecclesiastical  principalities  formerly  in 
the  hands  of  tne  Boman  Catholics,  and 
reformed,  not  suppressed,  by  the  Piro- 
testants.  In  1667  she  became  sole 
abbess. 

Thrown  into  something  of  an  eccle- 
siastical position,  she  carried  with  her 
the  notions  which  were  natural  to  her 
character,  and  to  the  circumstances  of 
her  past  life.  She  gave  herself,  as  ife 
was  right  she  should  do,  more  heartily  to 
the  study  of  religion,  and  to  the  prac- 
tice of  its  precepts.  This  was  a  duty 
incident  to  her  new  position,  and  she 
performed  it,  but  in  a  way  natural  to 
one  who  had  been  an  exile  and  the 
friend  of  a  philosopher  whom  the 
Church  had  persecuted.  Her  old  friend, 
Anna  Maria  de  Scliiirmann,  whom  the 
Princess  seemed  fated  to  follow,  hed 
now  enrolled  herself  as  one  of  the 
disciples  of  Labadie,  a  mystical  teacher 
whose  faith  and  practice  were  uni- 
versally deemed  such  as  the  world 
ought  not  to  patronise.  Driven  from 
place  to  place  by  **  general  intole- 
rance,** as  Labadie  s  followers  declared, 
or  by  the  *^just  indignation  conse- 
quent upon  his  immoralities,**  as  his 
enemies  explained,  the  de  Schlirmann 
appealed  to  the  old  friendship  of  the 
Princess  Elizabeth,  and  besought  her 
to  ^ive  the  new  teacher  a  shelter  and  an 
asylum  in  the  Abbey  of  Herford.  £li- 
zaDcth*s  subjects  were  scandalised  at 
the  notion,  but  she  persisted.  The 
gates  were  thrown  oi)en  to  the  enthu- 
siast and  his  little  flock.  The  shelter 
of  the  Church*s  privileffes  was  extended 
to  persons  whom  the  Church  had  every- 
where denounced  and  the  people  re- 
pudiated. The  dissatisfaction  of^Eliza- 
Detli*s  subjects  was  kept  down  by  a 
threat  of  bringing  in  "a  thoniand 
dragoons,**  to  teach  them  good  be- 
haviour.   They  appealed  against  the 


1854.] 


Elizabeth  the  Princess  Palatine. 


457 


tyranny  of  their  abbess,  and  she  was 
ordered  by  imperial  decree  to  expel 
the  Labadists  from  her  territory.  She 
refused.  To  defy  an  emperor  was  a 
thing  congenial  to  the  daughter  of 
Frederick  V.  and  she  did  so.  The 
Labadists  had  more  discretion  than 
their  protectress.  They  retired  to 
Altona,  where  unlimited  liberty  of  con- 
science had  just  been  proclaimed. 
They  went  forth  chanting  the  praises 
of  the  Princess  Palatine,  and  the  latter 
satisfied  her  pride  by  haughtily  de- 
claring that  she  had  bent  to  neither 
king  nor  kaiser,  but  had  treated 
with  the  same  disdain  the  imperial 
power  and  her  own  rebellious  sub- 
jects. 

The  reception  given  to  these  people 
by  Elizabeth,  and  the  favour  which 
she  extended  to  their  doctrines,  as 
well  as  to  their  persons,  made  her 
thenceforth  a  mark  for  all  holders  of 
peculiar  opinions.  The  Quakers  opened 
conmiunications  with  her.  She  was 
visited  by  William  Penn,  and  corre- 
sponded with  him,  and  held  religious 
meetings  with  Quaker  deputations. 
Her  relations  were  ashamed  of  her, 
and  declared  she  had  become  imbecile. 
The  present  authoress  seems  to  partake 
in  that  opinion.  We  cannot  see  any 
evidence  that  such  was  the  fact.  Her 
descent,  the  traditions  of  her  family, 
and  her  own  personal  history  are  quite 
sufficient  to  explain  everything  that 
may  be  read  about  her.  Nor  are  we 
willing  to  conclude  with  our  authoress 
that  "  pure,  genuine,  orthodox  Christi- 
anity, without  regard  to  the  divisions 
of  Catholic  and  Protestant,"  was  "  as 
little  adopted  in  fact  by  Elizabeth 
as  Quakerism,  Methodism,  or  any 
other  religious  form."  She  evidently 
possessed  many  of  the  faults  of 
most  royal  people — faults  almost  in- 
separable from  their  education.  She 
was  self-willed,  proud,  obstinate,  and 
overbearing.  These  are  unchristian 
qualities ;  but  that  would  be  a  harsh 
unchristian  judgment  which  would 
deny  to  their  possessors  all  right  to 
the  character  of  Christians.  Combined 
with  these  infirmities  we  see  much  that 
might  be  truly  Christian  in  her  con- 
duct. Even  the  reception  of  the  La- 
badists and  the  friendship  shewn  to  the 
Quakers  might  be  the  result  of  an  en- 
hirged  spirit  of  toleration,  irrespective 
of  "the  divisions  of  Catholic  and  Pro- 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLL 


testant,"  in  which  spirit  might  be  found 
the  very  life  and  essenceof"  pure,  genu- 
ine Christianity."  We  omit  the  word 
"orthodox."  It  has  been  so  much 
abused  as  to  be  unfit  to  be  introduced 
into  such  a  question. 
-  After  the  removal  of  the  Labadists 
the  Princess  Elizabeth  seems  to  have 
done  what  she  could  to  regain  the 
affection  of  her  little  band  of  alienated 
subjects ;  and,  if  Penn  be  admitted  as 
a  witness,  not  without  success.  Nor 
should  it  be  forgotten,  in  considering 
the  biography  of  one  whose  Christi- 
anity is  questioned  by  her  biographer, 
that  she  accomplished  her  end  not  by 
unworthy  concessions  to  popular  pre- 
judices, but  by  the  practice  before 
them  of  graces  which  we  would  fain 
believe  were  Christian.  Hear  what  is 
said  of  her  by  Penn  : — 

^  She  would  constantly,  every  last  day  in 
the  week,  sit  in  judgment,  and  hear  and 
determine  causes  herself ;  where  her  pa- 
tience, justice,  and  mercy  were  admirable ; 
frequently  remitting  her  forfeitures  where 
the  party  was  poor,  or  otherwise  merito- 
rious. And,  which  was  excellent,  though 
unusual,  she  would  temper  her  discourses 
with  religion,  and  strangely  draw  con- 
cerned parties  to  submission  and  agree* 
ment ;  exercising  not  so  much  the  rigour 
of  her  power  as  the  power  of  her  persua- 
sion. 

Her  meekness  and  humility  appeared  to 
me  extraordinary ;  she  never  considered 
the  quality,  but  the  merit  of  the  people  she 
entertained.  Did  she  hear  of  a  retired 
man,  hid  from  the  world,  and  seeking  after 
the  knowledge  of  a  better,  she  was  sure  to 
set  him  down  in  the  catalogue  of  her 
charity  if  he  wanted  it.  I  have  casually 
seen,  I  believe,  fifty  tokens  sealed  and 
superscribed  to  the  several  poor  subjects 
of  her  bounty,  whose  distances  would  not 
suffer  them  to  know  one  another,  though 
they  knew  her,  whom  yet  some  of  them 
had  never  seen.  Thus,  though  she  kept 
no  sumptuous  table  in  her  own  court,  she 
spread  the  tables  of  the  poor  in  their  soli- 
tary cells,  breaking  bread  to  virtuous  pil- 
grims, according  to  their  want  and  her 
ability ;  abstemious  in  herself,  and  in  ap- 
parel void  of  all  vain  ornaments.  I  must 
needs  say  her  mind  had  a  noble  prospect ; 
her  eye  was  to  a  better  and  more  lasting 
inheritance  than  can  be  found  below,  which 
made  her  often  to  despise  the  greatness  of 
courts  and  learning  of  the  schools,  of  which 
she  was  an  extraordinary  judge.  Being 
once  at  Hamburgh,  a  religious  person 
whom  she  went  to  see  for  religion's  sake, 
telling  her  it  was  too  great  an  honour  for 

3N 


458 


M.  Villemains  Souvenirs. 


[May, 


him  that  he  shouUl  have  a  visitant  of  her 
quality  come  under  his  roof,  that  was  allied 
to  several  great  kings  and  prinoes  of  this 
world,  she  humbly  answered,  **  If  they 
were  godly  as  well  as  great  it  would  be  an 
honour  indeed ;  but,  if  you  knew  what  that 
greatness  was  as  well  as  I,  you  would 
value  less  that  honour." 

She  died  on  the  1 1th  February,  1680, 
at  the  age  of  62,  and  lies  interred  in 
her  own  abbey  church  of  Herford, 


under  a  tomb  on  which  she  is  justl/ 
pronounced  to  have  been, 

*'  Invieta  in  omniforiuna,** 

The  author  hits  done  her  work  well^ 
and  her  book  will  be  found  a  help  to 
the  English  history  of  a  very  import* 
ant  period.  She  is  occasionallj  too 
florid,  too  much  carried  away  by  lore 
of  her  subject,  and  sometimes  a  little 
incorrect,  but  Uiese  are  common  faulti. 


M.  VILLEMAIN'S  SOUVENIRS. 

Souvenirs  Contemporains  d'Histoire  et  de  Literature.    Par  M.  ViUemain. 

Paris.  1854.   8vo. 


A  BOOK  has  just  appeared  in  Paris 
destined  to  create  no  little  sensation 
among  the  reading  public.  Indeed  at 
this  very  moment  it  is  essentially  the 
*'  f ashion,^^  exciting  ardent  admiration 
or  bitter  abuse,  according  to  the  poli- 
tical opinions  of  each  critic.  As  M. 
Villemain  says  himself,  '*  It  was  a  diffi- 
cult thing  to  do  to  escape  from  all 
danger  of  the  censorship,  and  yet  at 
each  page  to  give  a  slap  at  the  present 
system;  to  flog  the  present  on  the  back 
of  the  past,  and  yet  to  avoid  all  chances 
of  retribution."  And  the  book  has 
certainly  answered  its  end;  for  not  the 
most  vigilant  censorship  could  discover 
a  single  unconstitutional  line,  and  yet 
the  impression  of  the  wh^lo  is  one 
clearly  and  decidedly  hostile  to  the 
whole  Napoleonic  dynasty. 

Gh'eat  part  of  the  work  is  occupied 
by  the  Life  of  M.  dc  Narbonnc,  Minister 
of  War  for  three  months  under  Louis 
XVI.  during  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
and,  after  years  of  inactivity  and  exile, 
aide  -de  -  camp  to  Napoleon.  But, 
under  this  heaciing  of  "  De  Narbonne," 
private  conversations  with  the  Em- 
peror, and  his  unpublished  opinions, 
are  the  original  and  interesting  reality. 
The  rest  of  the  book  is  a  short  dcctcli 
of  **  M.  de  FeletE,  and  some  Salons  of 
his  Time;"  in  which  is  nothing  either 
profound,  original,  or  very  amusing. 
Indeed  the  whole  work  is  of  a  graver 
character  and  deeper  aim  than  ita  title 
would  imply ;  for  sparkling  anecdotes, 
witty  "  mots,"  and  perhaps  a  seasoning 
of  agreeable  scandal,  generally  form 
the  staple  commodity  of  "Souvenirs 
of  my  own  time,"  and  of  these  M.  Ville- 
main is  almost  entirely  destitute. 


Count  Louis  de  Narbonne,  praUig6, 
and,  as  general  repk>rt  said  at  tbm 
time,  son  of  one  of  the  daughters  of 
Louis  XV. — educated  at  Venaillet  hj 
the  princesses  themselves,  and  plajing 
an  honourable  part  in  the  RevolutioOi 
which  cost  him  nis  own  fortune  and  the 
life  of  more  than  one  of  his  noble  pa» 
trons — ^made  his  first  appearance  oa 
the  scene  of  public  activity  during  the 
religious  revolt  of  Besan^on.  The 
peasantry  of  Besan9on,  understanding 
nothing  of  the  new  moralitj  of  the 
Revolution,  loving  their  paston*  and 
honouring  their  utars,  formed  tham^ 
selves  into  a  corps  of  religious  inaui^ 
gents,  arming  themselves  with  sorthii 
and  pickaxes,  and  assembling  in  large 
bodies  to  defend  their  priests  againel 
the  philosophical  revolutionists,  who 
they  oelievod  intended  to  murder  and 
nuu*t3rrize  them  alL  Narbonne  wai 
sent  to  put  down  this  tumult,  and  H 
seems  that  he  acquitted  himself  of  Ui 
difficult  task  with  ability  and  judgmenti 
calmiuff  men*s  minds  and  re-establidi* 
ing  order  without  shedding  a  drop  of 
blood.  After  this  he  conducted  the 
King's  aunts  to  Rome,  not  withoat 
trouble  from  sundry  local  authoritiea. 
His  next  post  was  as  Minister  of  War 
in  1791,  where,  perhaps  too  honeel^ 
perhaps  too  oppositive,  he  gamed  no 
adherents  and  made  many  enemiaa. 
"  Thwarted  by  the  migoritj  of  his  ool« 
leagues;  regretted  but  defended  wesUy 
by  the  respectable  M .  de  Montmorin ; 
angrily  contradicted  by  the  zealona 
Bertrand  de  MoUeville ;  unsupportail 
by  the  King,  who  only  half  appreciafced 
his  just  but  quick  and  oiBCemiiBad 
character,  he  soon  saw  himself  a  prej 


Ib54,] 


M.  Villmtiain's  Souvenirs* 


459 


to  the  fury  of  the  anarchists,  who  were 
annoyed  by  his  politeness  and  firmness ; 
and  abandoned  or  ill-supported  by  the 
moderates,  who  distrusted  his  bold- 
ness." His  term  of  office  ended  by  the 
following  letter  from  the  King  : — **  I 
inform  you,  sir,  that  I  have  just  nomi- 
nated M.  de  Grave  to  the  department 
of  war.  You  will  deliver  up  your  port- 
folio to  him."  This  was  three  months 
before  the  20th  of  June.  He  himself 
was  proscribed  the  llth  of  August, 
and  saved  from  death  only  by  the  cou- 
rageous friendship  and  privileged  po- 
sition of  Madame  de  Stael.  The  end 
of  that  fatal  year  saw  him  emigrate 
into  England,  where  he  lived  iu  mti- 
mate  communion  with  most  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  day,  always  ex- 
cepting Burke,  whose  horror  of  the 
Revolution  was  so  great  that  he  refused 
all  kind  of  social  intercourse  even  with 
its  first  actors  an(|  subsequent  victims. 

"When  the  news  arrived  of  the  ap- 
proaching trial  of  the  King,  M.  de 
Narbonne  assembled  together  all  those 
of  his  ancient  colleagues  who  were  in 
London  at  the  time,  requiring  from 
them  a  common  declaration  in  which 
each  should  take  on  himself  the  re- 
sponsibility of  his  ministerial  acts,  and 
in  which  they  should  demand  permis- 
sion to  appear  at  the  bar  of  the  Con- 
vention to  defend  themselves,  each  in 
his  own  name,  and  for  his  own  share 
of  the  imputed  governmental  crimes, 
and  so  relieve  the  monarch  of  part  of 
the  weight  of  iinpeachment.  This  "tra- 
dition of  Stranord,"  as  it  was  called, 
was  negatived  by  the  refugees,  on  ac- 
count of  the  iUegaUty  of  the  Conven- 
tion. M.  de  Narbonne  then  alone 
wrote  to  the  Convention,  demanding 
the  power  of  rendering  an  account  of 
his  ministerial  labours,  and  the  per- 
mission to  take  on  himself  the  respon- 
sibility of  all  that  he  had  done.  The 
tribunal  refused  him,  as  also  a  safe 
conduct  to  Lally  de  Tollendal,  who 
offered  to  plead  the  ICing's  cause.  But 
this  was  a  noble  act  in  De  Narbonne^s 
life,  and  one  not  to  be  forgotten. 

His  endeavours  to  make  ritt  take  up 
the  royal  cause  were  also  unsuccessful. 
"  England  could  not,"  said  the  English 
minister,  *'  for  any  consideration  in  the 
world  expose  herself  to  intercede  in 
vain  for  such  a  cause,  and  before  such 
men."  It  was  only  after  the  decapita- 
tion of  the  monarch  that  the  "  heaven- 


bom  minister  "  ibrew  off  his  cloak  of 
non-intervention,  and  declared  war  to 
the  republican  government  of  France. 
M.  de  Narbonne  was  now  at  zealous 
in  the  defence  of  his  country  as  he  had 
been  of  his  King;  but  "Fitt,"  says 
Villemain,  "struck  with  a  secret  terror, 
as  well  as  ulcerated  with  implacable 
hatred  against  all  that  was  done  in 
France,'  hating  the  French  Revolution 
with  a  political  and  personal  hatred, 
fearing  it  for  the  constitution,  the  laws, 
the  domestic  life  of  England,"  looked 
on  war  as  the  only  means  of  arresting 
its  progress,  believing  that  the  pro- 
scribed French  would  aid  the  invading 
armies.  Narbonne  was  opposed  to  this 
view : — 

I  know  only  one  thing  of  France  (he 
said),  which  is,  that  excess  of  peril  may 
render  her  invincible,  and  that  under  the 
internal  tyranny  to  which  she  submits  is 
a  passionate  love  of  her  territorial  inde- 
pendence. At  the  threat  of  war  and  of 
invasion  I  have  seen  thousands  of  volun- 
teers assemble  under  the  tricolor  flag.  I 
have  seen  royalist  officers  become  repub- 
lican under  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  and  the 
point  of  honour  of  birth  much  less  powerful 
than  the  countersign.  The  threats  of  the 
foreigner  counterbalaooe  the  excesses  of 
the  interior  regimet  and,  imder  a  detested 
power,  you  will  meet  with  a  people  devoted 
to  the  bleeding  country  they  defend.  I 
have  done  too  little  in  my  short  tenure  of 
office ;  but  what  I  then  saw  and  knew  is 
sacred  for  me.  Men  who  have  mingled 
in  the  government  of  their  country  have 
contracted  another  debt  besides  that  of 
common  fidelity  :  they  are  pledged  to  the 
country  as  is  the  priest  to  the  man  whose 
confession  he  has  received,  and  whose  in- 
terior condition  he  has  seen.  There  is  a 
secret  therein  of  which  nothing  permits 
the  revelation — neither  the  misfortune  nor 
even  the  crime  of  those  who  have  confided 
it  I  hate,  like  you,  sir  (he  continued), 
the  sanguinary  policy  of  the  committees 
of  the  Convention ;  I  expect  for  myself 
from  them  only  proscription  and  death. 
But  if,  from  my  administration  of  war  and 
the  recollections  which  it  has  left  me,  I 
should  say  one  word  hurtful  to  the  military 
defence  of  my  country,  I  should  believe 
myself  a  traitor,  and  should  be  one.  I 
prefer  rather  to  be  an  exile,  hunted  per- 
haps soon  from  his  exile  as  he  has  been 
from  his  coimtry. 

The  conversation  was  not  prolonged 
after  this.  The  separation  was  cold ; 
and  a  few  weeks  after  M.  dc  Narbonne 
was  imperatively  commanded  to  leare 


460 


M,  Villemains  Souvenirs. 


[May, 


England.  lie  established  himself  then 
in  Switzerland,  near  to  Madame  de 
Stael,  whose  nearest  and  dearest  of 
friends  he  continued  for  many  years, 
united  by  the  closest  ties  both  of  moral 
and  intellcctaal  sympathy.  AVhile  in 
Switzerland  he  was  thrown  in  contact 
with  more  than  one  *' illustrious  exile;" 
amongst  others  with  Louis  Philippe, 
whose  whole  life,  from  the  cradle  to 
the  grave,  was  one  long  romance,  as 
well  as  an  acted  sermon  on  the  vanity 
of  all  things  human.  At  first  he  lived 
at  Zug,  with  his  sister  Madame  Ade- 
laide ;  but  the  magistrate  of  that  town 
"  showed  himself  very  discontented  at 
having  to  give  refuge  to  a  proscrit  of 
the  French  Revolution,"  so  that  the 
young  Duke,  after  having  placed  his 
sister  in  safety  in  the  convent  of  Sainte- 
Claire,  near  Bremgarten,  began  an 
obscure  and  wandering  life  through 
Switzerland,  often  in  tlie  extreme  of 
misery,  until,  at  the  beginning  of  Oc- 
tober, 1793,  he  obtained  the  post  of 
"  professor  of  mathematics  and  modern 
languages  "  in  a  school  in  the  village 
of  Ueichenau,  near  Luzern.  Here,  on 
a  salary  of  fourteen  hundred  francs 
a-year  (fifty-six  pounds),  he  lived  for 
fifteen  months,  until,  by  the  death  of 
his  father,  he  became  Duke  of  Orleans 
— a  Duke  proscribed  and  ruined.  In 
the  interval  between  the  departure  of 
Madame  Adelaide  for  Hungary  in 
May,  1794,  and  that  of  Louis  rhilippe 
for  Hamburgh  a  year  later,  De  Nar- 
bonne  was  often  in  his  company,  and 
conceived  high  notions  both  of  his 
ability  and  of  his  power,  prophesying 
to  him,  as  is  said,  the  future  destiny 
that  awaited  him. 

In  1800  De  Narbonne  returned  to 
Paris,  under  the  auspices  and  by  the 
invitation  of  Talleyrand,  during  the 
glories  of  the  first  consulate. 

It  was  to  the  ignominies  and  the  perils 
of  the  Reign  of  Terror  (says  Villemain) 
that  succeeded,  as  by  enchantment,  youth, 
glory,  hope, — the  most  brilliant  general 
which  France  has  seeu  since  the  grand 
years  of  Louis  XIV. — a  plebeian  van- 
quisher of  Rocroy, — an  officer  of  fortune 
who  at  the  age  of  twenty-six  had  chased  ' 
five  foreign  armies  from  Italy ;  conquered 
peace  on  the  road  to  Vienna ;  negotiated, 
as  he  had  conquered,  with  address  and 
with  ability ;  humbled  kings,  honoured 
the  pope,  founded  a  republic  beyond  the 
mountains,  and  rendered  that  of  France 


illustrious — firee  or  no — but  laden  with  vic- 
tories.   This  was  not  all.    Again  absent, 
as  those  great  captains  whom  the  Csesam 
of  Rome  exiled  on  a  distant  conquest,  he 
had  in  fifteen  months  vanquished  Egypt, 
retaken  Alexandria  like  his  native  town, 
defeated  a  large  Turkish  army,  occupied 
the  isthmus  of  Suez,  menacing  the  Engliih 
on  the  shortest  passage  to  the  Indies ; 
then,  master  of  the  Delta,  he  had  invaded 
the  Desert  and  Syria,  conquered  the  cities 
of  Gaza  and  Jaffa  like  a  Crusader,  and 
gained  battles  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Thabor 
as  before  the  Pyramids  ;  and  now,  in  the 
midst  of  those  rumours  of  renown  which 
a  mysterious  distance  renders  more  won- 
derful, with  that  attraction  for  the  imagi- 
nation so  necessary  to  glory,  he  arrived 
unexpectedly,  on  the  most  favourable  day — 
at  the  hour  of  impatience  and  of  crigia. 
He  arrived  from  that  Judaic  East  from 
whence,  towards  the  era  of  Vespasian,  had 
been  prophetically  hoped  and  announced 
in  the  world  the  masters  of  the  empire  \ 
and,  notwithstanding  the  incredulous  care- 
lessness of  the  time,  this  peculiarity  even 
of   his    prodigious  fortune   struck   moit 
minds.     He  arrived,  almost  alone,  acroti 
the   English   cruizers,   surprised   by   his 
quickness;  and,  from  the  borders  of  Py^jus, 
whose  quarantine  he  had  disdainfully  paued 
over,  popular  acclamations  and  a  crowd 
assembled  on  his  steps  made  his  cofifye  Co 
Paris.    And  there,  what  a  reception  awaited 
him  !  what  enthusiastic  curiosity  followed 
him  everywhere  1    To  form  any  idea  of  his 
apotheosis,  one  ought  to  have  heard  his 
contemporaries,  who  were  then  young  and 
of  imaginations   sensible  to  glory.     All 
pleased,  all  imposed  in  him :   his  heroic 
brow,    his    original    and    often    gracefol 
speech,  his  look,  whose  nobleness  and  im- 
perious   charm   were  vaunted — and,   re- 
member, not  only  by  councillors  of  state 
and  ambitious  ladies,  but  by  men  rebds 
to  seduction  as  to  power, — a  Duels,  a  Le* 
mercier,  an  Andrieux, — minds  somedmes 
deceived,  but  honest  and  liberal  hearts,  ol 
which  one  could  give  many  attaching  «ofi- 
venirs.     But  let  us  continue.    This  army, 
which  General  Bonaparte  had  not  broagfat 
back  from  Egypt,  and  which,  alas  I  was 
to  leave  so  many  dead  and  prisoners  there, 
he  found  it  again  in  all  who  wore  the  tri- 
color cockade.     Generals  least  inclined  to 
bend  before  any  glory,  acknowledged  his ; 
and  his  staff,  on  the  day  when  be  dethroned 
the  Directory,  was  formed  of  those  who 
might  have  aimed  at  the  succession.    The 
day  after  further  surpassed  this  taking  by 
assault,  where  the  boldness  of  genius  was 
somewhat  troubled,  as  in  the  first  daxsle 
of  so  great  a  conquest    The  next  day 
placed  all  the  world  at  the  feet  of  the  con- 
queror ;  and,  by  the  rapid  extent  of  Us 


1854.] 


M,  Villemains  Souvenirs, 


461 


views,  the  calm  and  clearness  of  his  com- 
mands, he  appeared  the  natural  chief  of 
all  those  whom  his  fortune  eotraoced. 

We  have  cited  this  passage  at  length, 
as  about  the  best  and  most  eloquent  of 
a  writer  considered  among  the  best 
and  most  eloquent  in  France. 

In  1809  the  fortunes  of  the  ex- 
minister  M.  de  Narbonne  began  to  re- 
flourish.  Invited  by  the  Due  de  Fel- 
tres,  minister  of  war,  to  take  service 
under  the  Emperor,  who  restored  him 
his  title  of  General,  he  undertook  the 
government  of  Kaab  during  the  cam- 
paign of  Essling  and  Wagram.  From 
thence  he  was  sent  to  be  governor  of 
Trieste,  where  his  mother,  or  his  re- 
puted mother,  hail  lived  ever  since  the 
death  of  her  patronesses,  Mesdames 
Victoire  and  Adelaide.  Madame  de 
Narbonne  was  of  the  old  regime,  a 
determined  enemy  to  the  Revolution, 
and  to  each  and  all  of  its  fruits ;  re- 
fusing all  the  advantages  which  her 
son's  position  might  have  afforded  her, 
"having  no  less  repugnance  for  the 
benefits  than  for  the  power  of  the  Em- 

Eeror."  When  Napoleon  knew  of  this, 
e  said  good-humouredly,  "  Ah  9a, 
mon  cher  Narbonne,  il  n'est  pas  bon 
pour  mon  service  que  vous  voyiez  trop 
souventvotre  mbre;  on  m*assure  qu'elle 
ne  m'ainie  pas." — "  II  est  vrai.  Sire," 
repondit  le  sincere  courtisan,  **  elle  en 
est  restee  U  Tadmiration." 

On  the  marriage  of  Napoleon  with 
Marie-Louise,  Narbonne  was  nomi- 
nated grand-master  of  the  household 
of  the  Empress ;  but  on  her  steadily 
refusing  to  sanction  or  accept  that  no- 
mination from  a  generous  feeling,  in- 
sisting on  maintaining  the  Count  dc 
Beauharnais  in  that  position,  Napo- 
leon cut  short  the  difficulty  by  making 
Narbonne  his  aide-de-camp  at  the  age 
of  fifty-five.  From  thence  begins  the 
more  important  part  of  these  memoirs, 
detailing  as  they  do  private  conver- 
sations between  the  Emperor  and  his 
aide-de-camp,  for  a  period  of  three 
years ;  to  which  conversations,  we  pre- 
sume, M.  Villemain  can  lay  greater 
claims  of  authenticity,  than  a  fertile 
imagination  which  on  a  word  has  built 
up  a  dialogue — on  a  hint  has  fashioned 
a  theory. 

Of  the  Russian  campaign  M.  Ville- 
main says,  that  many  have  deceived 
themselves  as  to  the  nature  of  the  war, 
taking  that  for  its  essential  cause  which 


was  simply  the  pretext.  Notwith- 
standing Napoleon*s  animosity  to  the 
English,  and  his  desire  to  close  Europe 
agamst  them  as  they  had  closed  tne 
sea  against  him,  he  did  not  pursue  anpr 
system  of  Continental  blockade  on  his 
way  to  Moscow.  He  himself  contra- 
vened the  blockade  by  his  "  licences,*' 
knowing  it  to  be  in  the  end  impracti- 
cable, though  still  endeavouring  to 
make  it  as  hurtful  as  possible  to  the 
enemy.  The  ukase  01  the  Emperor 
Alexander,  of  the  25  th  December, 
1810,  admitting  English  merchandise 
under  a  neutral  flag,  had  annoyed  him 
above  everything  else,  as  a  declaration 
of  independence,  and  as  prophetic  of^ 
that  terrible  rivalry  which  he  saw 
would  come  one  day,  and  which  he 
wished  to  annihilate  during  his  life- 
time ;  "  believing  it,'*  he  said,  "  too  for- 
midable for  any  one  who  should  be 
only  his  heir."  He  feared  the  Tartar 
races ;  goins  back  to  the  olden  times 
when  they  mrst  poured  down  into  the 
South,  and  holding  to  the  belief  of 
their  destiny  and  inherited  instinct  of 
future  conquests.  "Remember  Su- 
varoff  and  his  Tartars  in  It^y,"  he  said. 
*4The  answer  is,  banish  them  beyond 
Moscow.  And  when  can  Europe  do 
this  if  not  now,  and  by  me  ?"  He  had 
conceived  this  fear  from  the  time  when 
he  had  seen  the  Russians  in  Italy,  and 
had  believed  that  the  superabundant 
energy  created  in  1789  ought  to  van- 
quish barbarism  by  revolution,  and  the 
northerns  by  the  southerns.  He  said 
that  Marius  had  adjourned  the  Gothic 
invasion  for  three  ages,  and  that  his 
victories  had  created  Ctesar;  and  he 
added, — 

The  difficulty  in  this  war  ia  only  one  of 
moral  order.  In  using  the  material  force 
accumulated  by  the  Revolution,  no  passions 
must  be  unchained :  Poland  must  be  raised, 
but  not  emancipated  ;  and  the  independ- 
ence of  Western  Europe  assured  without 
rousing  any  republican  ferment.  Here  is 
all  the  problem.  You  kuow  how  that  war 
in  my  hands  has  been  the  antidote  of 
anarchy ;  and,  now  that  I  wish  to  use  it 
again  to  assure  the  independence  of  the 
West,  I  must  take  care  that  it  does  not 
reanimate  what  it  has  suppressed — ^the 
spirit  of  revolutionary  liberty.  I  love  the 
Poles  on  the  field  of  battle;  they  are  a 
valiant  race;  but  as  to  their  deliberative 
assemblies,  their  liberum  veto,  their  diets 
on  horseback  with  naked  sabres,  I  wish 
nothing  of  all  that    I  wish  in  Poland  a 


462 


M.  ViUemain*s  Souvenirs. 


[May, 


camp  and  not  a  forum.  Howerer,  we 
shall  have  a  kind  of  diet,  to  support  the 
levies  to  be  made  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of 
Warsaw,  but  nothing  beyond.  I  will  make 
war  on  Alexander  with  courteous  arms, 
with  two  thousand  mouths  of  fire,  and  five 
hundred  thousand  soldiers,  without  insur- 
rection. I  will  take  Moscow  from  him ; 
I  will  drive  him  back  into  Asia.  But  1 
will  not  suffer  a  club  at  Warsaw,  nor  at 
Cracow,  nor  elsewhere. 

Inaportant  words  these !  setting  forth 
plainly  enough  Napoleon's  double- 
dealing  with  Poland,  and  showing  the 
total  want  of  frankness  and  truth  in 
the  saviour  to  whom  they  trusted  for 
their  deliverance. 

In  vain  Bassano  and  De  Narbonne 
opposed  these  views ;  in  vain  they  re- 
presented that  Moscow  was  not  Russia, 
and  that  the  Russians  even  conquered 
at  Moscow  would  not  be  conquered  in 
their  power  and  strength;  that  the 
Empweror's  own  idea  of  preventing  a 
new  invasion  of  barbarians  showed  that 
this  was  not  a  war  with  a  civilized 
nation ;  and  that  other  modes  of  obtain- 
ing victory  than  by  "  mouths  of  fire," 
and  "  thousands  of  soldiers,**  should  be 
resorted  to,  and  that  the  re-establish- 
ment of  the  Polish  nationality,  the 
reorganization  of  the  Polish  kingdom, 
was  a  better  manner  of  conquest  than 
the  taking  of  Moscow;  in  vain  they 
urged  on  him  the  length  of  the  way, 
the  deserts  to  be  traversed,  the  late- 
ness of  the  season,  and  the  irregular 
mode  of  Cossack  warfare.  Bent  on 
his  own  ruin,  and  blinded  by  the  mythic 
glory  of  the  conquest  of  the  imperial 
city.  Napoleon  listened  to  none  but  his 
own  reasonings,  believed  in  none  but 
his  own  views.  "  A  terrible  blow,**  he 
said,  ^*  struck  to  the  heart  of  the  empire 
in  Moscow  the  Grand,  Moscow  the 
Holy,  will  deliver  up  to  me  on  the 
instant  this  blind  and  apathetic  nation.** 
No  other  argument  could  reach  him. 

But  perhaps  the  secret  after  all  lay 
in  the  belief  that  from  Russia  he  could 
march  to  India,  to  strike  the  English 
there  in  their  stronghold.  "Had  it 
not  been  for  the  English  corsair  and 
the  French  emigrant  who  directed  the 
Turkish  fire,  and  which,  joined  to  the 
plague,  made  him  abandon  the  siege  of 
St.  Jean  d*Acre,  he  would  then  have 
made  the  conquest  of  half  of  Asia,**  he 
said;  "but  now,  suppose  Moscow  taken, 
Russia  subdued,  tne  Czar  reconciled, 


or  dead  from  some  palace-plot — ^per- 
haps a  new  throne  and  a  depenaent 
one — tell  me  if  there  is  no  access  to 
the  Ganges  for  a  large  army  of  French- 
men and  of  auxiliaries  from  Teflls— 
the  Ganges,  which  only  needs  to  be 
touched  with  a  French  sword  to  destroy 
the  whole  scafiToldine  of  mercantile 
greatness  throughout  India." 

Napoleon  also  counted  on  the  aid  of 
the  Turks  in  this  campaign ;  for  he  said 
that  Turkey  had  been  too  ill-treated 
bj  Russia  not  to  be  implacable  against 
her  on  the  first  occasion ;  and  tbougli 
they  might  be  afraid  of  him  and  watch 
him  narrowly  in  Egypt,  still,  men  were 
always  governed  by  their  principal  fears 
and  hatreds,  and  the  Turks,  owmgmore 
hatred  to  Russia,  and  having  more 
cause  of  fear  from  her  than  from  him- 
self, would  naturally  support  his  cause 
by  harassing  the  enemy  ^  for  them* 
selves.  After  this  conversation,  filled  as 
it  was  with  large  visions  of  the  fatiire» 
with  wild  dreams  and  wilder  hopei, 
and  with  a  very  Arabian  Nights*  excess 
of  glory,  De  Narbonne  cned  out  as 
he  passed  young  Villemain,  "  Quel 
hommcl  uuelles  ?randes  id^es!  quels 
rSves !  Oil  est  le  garde-fou  de  oe 
gdnie  ?  Cest  li  ne  pas  y  croire.  On 
est  entre  Bedlam  et  le  Fanth6on  !**  A 
judgment  true  of  most  great  meiif 
whose  victories  one  scarcely  knows 
whether  to  ascribe  to  destiny  or  to  cal- 
culation,— whose  genius  leans  as  much 
to  madness  as  it  does  to  inspiration,-^ 
and  whose  losses  always  hover  on  the 
borders  of  success,  as  their  victories 
always  pass  before  the  gates  of  rain. 

On  the  9th  of  May  Napoleon  left 
Paris  for  his  Russian  campaign ;  a  tardy 
date  for  such  a  brief  season  of  aptioil 
as  the  climate  afibrded.  But  a  judicisl 
blindness  seems  to  have  been  cast  oTer 
him,  and,  wrapped  up  in  schemes  of 
glory,  he  neglected  many  of  the  prin« 
cipal  means  of  success.  From  Dr^en 
M,  de  Narbonne  carried  Napoleon's 
ultimatum  to  Alexander  at  Vilna,  in 
which,  couched  in  mild  terms,  he  main« 
tained  the  casus  belli,  his  protest  a^nst 
the  ukase  of  December,  and  his  mter- 
diction  on  all  Russian  commerce  with 
England.  Alexander  was  firm  in  lus 
intention  of  braving  the  war,  haviup, 
as  he  said,  space  and  time  for  himself; 
and  determined  not  **  to  lav  down  his 
arms  while  there  was  a  soldier  left  hi 
Russia,  or  the  remotest  comer  of  ter- 


1854.] 


M.  VUlema%n*»  Sowmirs. 


468 


ritorj  to  defend."  His  system  of  war- 
fare was  confessedly  to  avoid  all  large 
battles,  and  to  fight  by  tedium  and 
climate.  Napoleon,  on  his  side,  per- 
sisted in  his  resolution,  and  set  out 
from  Dresden  the  20th  of  June,  asso- 
ciating, by  proclamation,  the  **  Liberty 
of  Poland"  in  the  campaign,  but  leaving 
his  name  and  an  inscription  as  the  solo 
proofs  of  his  design, — one  of  the  most 
fatal  of  the  many  mistakes  made  in  this 
disastrous  campaign;  for  Poland  re- 
stored, a  nation  whole  and  entire,  and 
devoted  to  him,  would  have  been  one 
of  his  most  powerful  allies  for  the  pre- 
sent, and  an  effectual  barrier  against 
the  future,  of  Russia.  The  fatal  policy 
of  the  partition  of  Poland  is  being  felt 
to-day  as  keenly  as  it  was  felt  then ; 
and  had  Bonaparte  seen  either  his  own 
interest,  or  taken  to  heart  the  eternal 
truth  of  the  right — had  England  also 
stepped  forward  then  as  she  is  obliged 
to  do  now — the  history  of  the  present 
would  be  written  in  very  different  cha- 
racters to  what  it  is  written  in  to-day ! 

New  delays  at  Vilna,  owing  to  the 
scarcity  of  provisions,  to  sickness,  and 
the  embarrassment  of  moving  his  im- 
mense army,  threw  the  campaign  yet 
more  dangerously  late,  the  Russians 
quietly  retreating ;  but  still  and  still, 
in  spite  of  all  that  was  urged  on  him, 
the  Emperor  saw  but  hope  and  triumph 
in  the  end,  and  the  fatal  march  went 
on.  The  only  chance  of  a  pitched 
battle  was  Kt  Vitepsk.  The  French 
were  intoxicated  with  joy  at  the  pros- 
pect of  a  trial  of  strength,  flushed,  too, 
by  a  brilliant  skirmish  beaded  and  won 
on  that  day  by  Murat.  But  in  the 
night,  noiselessly,  like  an  army  of  ghosts, 
the  Russians  struck  their  tents  and 
march ed  away  into  the  darkness  and 
the  distance ;  and  not  a  man  of  all  the 
French  army  knew  until  the  daylight 
came  that  they  had  gone,  and  no  one 
could  tell  which  way  they  had  taken. 

"  The  campaign  of  1812  is  finished," 
said  Napoleon  impatiently,  as  he  re- 
turned to  the  deserted  town,  after  a 
vain  attempt  to  discover  the  retreating 
army :  "  that  of  1813  shall  do  the  rest." 
And  his  intention  then  was  to  remain 
at  Vitepsk  for  the  winter,  to  rally  and 
to  rest  nis  army,  and  to  reorganize  the 
kingdom  of  Poland.  But  in  a  few 
days,  as  if  urged  on  by  delirium,  re- 
possessed by  his  old  idea  of  Moscow 
taken  and  the  Onur  submisiive,  he  gave 


orders  to  continue  the  march;  and, 
careless  of  the  councils  of  Duroc,  Nar- 
bonne,  and  others,  he  pursued  still  this 
mirage  of  victory,  which  was  to  be 
turned  into  a  lake  of  blood  instead. 
On  the  Idth  of  August  the  French 
army,  decimated  by  desertion,  sick* 
ness,  want  of  medical  aid,  and  famine, 
by  murderous  skiraiishes  and  by  in- 
dividual assassinations,  set  out  from 
Vitepsk  to  warm  its  frozen  blood  by 
the  fires  which  Moscow  itself  lighted 
up  for  its  own  funeral  pile. 

A  terrible  instance  of  Russian  cun- 
ninff  was  in  the  accidental  retention 
at  Moscow  of  an  ^  important  personage 
in  the  Russian  police."  This  import- 
ant personage  received  from  Napoleon 
the  mission  of  carrying  to  the  CS^ar  an 
autograph  letter  and  ofiers  of  peace.. 

One  knows  (says  our  author)  how  that 
old  Russian  general  who,  succeeding  to 
the  clever  temporisatioDs  of  Barclay  de 
Tolly,  had  undergone  the  terrible  fires  of 
Borodino,  then,  slowly  retreating  on  a  way 
strewn  with  dead,  had  seen  Mosoow  bum 
like  Smolensk,  and  amassed  in  his  one 
heart  all  the  hatred  of  Rus8ia,-.<one  knows, 
I  say,  how  Kutnsoff,  intrenched  in  the 
camp  where,  on  the  way  to  Kalonga,  he 
had  placed  his  bleeding  battalions  in  safehTf 
and  daily  recruited  his  army,  suddenly 
appeared  to  wish  for  negociations  and  pre- 
limiDary  conferences — how  he  acceptea  for 
himself  a  private  armistice — received  and 
passed  to  his  master  messages  from  Napo- 
leon— and  was  finally,  with  a  tardy  refusal 
from  the  Czar,  publicly  reprimanded  for 
his  indiscreet  undertaking,  and  for  his  pre- 
tended zeal  for  peace ! 

This  was  a  barbarian's  ruse  for  time, 
certainly ;  but  a  ruse  likely  to  succeed 
again  with  the  men  of  civdization,  the 
men  of  Western  Europe,  who  learn  so 
little  from  the  history  of  the  past. 

Two  characteristic  anecdotes  of  Na- 
poleon are  given  in  this  detail.  Qne» 
that  on  the  very  eve  of  the  retreat 
from  Moscow,  workmen  were  employed 
in  taking  down  the  famous  golden  cross 
of  Ivan  from  the  summit  of  the  cathe- 
dral, which  Napoleon  intended  for  Uie 
cupola  of  one  of  the  Parisian  churches, 
as  the  trophy  and  the  symbol  of  his 
Russian  conquest.  The  other,  that, 
on  the  march,  seeing  a  carriage  of  a 
form  and  draught  interdicted,  he  gave 
orders  to  have  it  and  all  its  contents 
burnt  on  the  spot  He  was  told  that 
it  belonged  to  nis  aide-de-oamp,  M.  de 
Narbonne.    The  order  was  repealed. 


464 


M.  Villema4n*s  Souvenirs. 


[May, 


and  executed.  But  immediately  afler- 
wards  he  sent  a  thousand  Napoleons 
to  M.  de  Narbonne,  by  Duroc,  for  he 
said  he  knew  that  he  was  not  rich. 
Duroc  placed  the  money  in  a  casket 
which  had  the  Emperor's  arms  on  it, 
and  carried  this  and  some  books  to  the 
general.  Narbonne  sent  the  money 
to  a  regiment  of  youn^  soldiers  who 
seemed  to  suffer  more  than  the  rest ; 
and  the  next  day,  when  the  Emperor 
said  to  him,  kindly,  "  Well,  Narbonne, 
the  loss  of  your  baggage  is  now  re- 
paired ?  you  have  received  ?  **  "  Yes, 
sire,"  he  answered,  "and  with  grati- 
tude :  but,  as  your  majesty  will  doubt- 
lessly permit  me,  I  have  kept  only  the 
books;  amongst  others,  two  treatises 
by  Seneca,  *  De  Beneficiis,'  and  *  De 
Patientia.*  They  are  useful  to  have 
with  one  on  a  campaign.** 

Another  and  a  very  beautiful  anec- 
dote is  told  of  Narbonne  also.  AHer 
a  tremendous  night  of  cold  and  hunger, 
when  the  day  broke  over  a  plain  of 
snow  covered  with  horses  and  with 
men,  the  Emperor  called  his  aide-de- 
camp to  him,  saying  in  a  weakened 
voice,  "  What  a  night,  my  dear  general 
— it  has  not  been  worse  for  the  senti- 
nels than  for  me,  who  have  passed  it 
in  sleepless  thought.  Come  I  let  the 
guard  be  relieved,  and  do  you  come  to 
the  distribution,  and  take  this  to  re- 
fresh you,  for  courage  alone  does  not 
keep  one  warm  in  this  cold  of  28  de- 
grees." He  then  poured  out  a  large 
cup  of  boiling  chocolate  and  coffee 
mixed,  and  gave  it  to  Narbonne.  The 
aide-de-camp,  retreating  a  few  stei)s, 
with  the  cup  in  his  hand,  nearly  ran 
against  a  soldier  of  the  Imperial  Guard, 
lying  on  the  snow,  his  hands  convuls- 
ively grasping  his  fusil,  and  his  whole 
frame  ana  features  speaking  of  inde- 
scribable suffering.  Narbonne  stooped 
down  to  him.  "  Well,  num  brave,  he 
said,  "  here  is  a  bad  night  passed !  at 
least  we  have  the  morning  I  rise."  The 
soldier  made. a  tremendous  effort,  but 
was  unable  to  move  his  limbs,  stiffened 
with  the  cold  as  they  were.  "  Here, 
we  must  help  you  a  little."  Then  said 
de  Narbonne,  giving  him  the  cup  of 
chocolate,  "  Take  this,  there  is  more  at 
the  Quarter  general."  The  soldier  hesi- 
tated— carried  his  hand  to  his  bear-skin 
— then  took  the  cup,  and,  having 
emptied  it  at  a  draught,  by  a  struggle 
raised  himself  to  his  full  height,  and 
2 


appeared  what  he  was — one  of  the 
bravest  soldiers  in  the  Imperial  Guard. 
"  Ah !  general,"  he  said, "  how  cold  and 
hunger  demoralise  some  men  of  heart. 
Is  it  possible  that  I  should  have  ac- 
cepted that  from  you  who  are  my  su- 
perior, and  who  have  taken  it  from 
your  own  lips  to  give  to  me !  I  entreat 
you  to  forgive  me ;  and,  ma  fox,  now 
that  my  stomach  is  warmed  I  am 
ashamed  of  myself."  "  Tut,  my  bro- 
ther !  what  I  have  done  is  very  little, 
and  we  ought  to  divide,  as  brothers, 
the  little  that  remains  to  us ; "  and  then, 
remembering  that  of  the  sixty  thou- 
sand francs  which  Napoleon  had  paid 
him  on  leaving  Moscow  not  a  sou  re- 
mained, for  he  had  divided  it  all  with 
the  poor  officers,  he  said  to  the  guard 
who  returned  him  the  cup,  **  No,  no, 
mon  brave!  keep  this  for  tne  expenses 
of  the  journey ;  the  outside  belongs  to 
you  as  well  as  the  inside,  and  will  be 
useful  in  Poland,  where  we  are  enter- 
ing." The  soldier  drew  back  and  made 
the  military  salute,  absolutely  refusing 
the  gifl ;  but  when  Narbonne  pressea 
him  again  he  broke  off  a  small  frag- 
ment from  the  rim,  saying,  **I  wul 
keep  this  little  Napoleon  from  the 
golden  cup,  and  it  snail  be  my  medal, 
reminding  me  of  the  honour  I  hare 
had  in  mounting  guard  at  such  a  fSte 
behind  the  Emperor*s  carriage,  and 
being  relieved  by  you."  Yet  this  man, 
brave,  devoted,  simple,  generous,  was 
only  a  tvpe  of  that  gloriottB  body  of  the 
Imperial  Guard,  lefl  behind  amons  the 
snows  of  Russia — the  fate  of  which 
Napoleon  could  never  think  of  in  afler- 
days  without  the  bitterest  regret — the 
flower  of  his  army  and  the  pride  of 
France  offered  up  as  a  sacrifice  to  his 
madness  and  ambition. 

The  bulletin  which  preceded  the  re- 
turn of  the  wrecked  army  to  Paris  did 
the  Emperor  more  harm  than  the 
actual  sorrow  of  which  he  had  been 
the  cause.  At  the  end  of  this  fearful 
history  of  the  dead  and  missing — the 
first  authentic  history  which  had  reached 
France,  were  these  words : — **  Jamais 
la  santc  de  FEmpereur  n*a  ct^  meil- 
leure."  And  also  this  sentence: — "Geux 
que  le  nature  a  crecs  supdrieurs  k  tout, 
conserv^rent  leur  gaite  et  leurs  ma- 
nitres  ordinaires;  et  ne  rirent  dans 
de  nouveaux  perils  que  roccasion|d*uiie 
gloire  nouvelle."  The  first  was  taken 
as  a  mark  of  indifference  and  shame- 


1834.] 


M,  Villemadris  Souvenirs, 


465 


less  selfishness ;  the  last  as  the  bitterest 
irony ;  and  perhaps  together  they  did 
more  to  alienate  the  feelings  of  the 
nation  than  the  drained  resources,  the 
slaughtered  armies,  or  the  fettered 
thought  which  had  been  his  doing. 
Many  took  the  phrase  concerning 
gaiety  as  an  allusion  to  De  Narbonne, 
who  had  become  proverbial  for  the 
serenity  and  cheerfulness  of  his  man- 
ners. He  even  kept  up  the  habit  of 
having  his  hair  dressed  and  powdered 
every  morning,  all  through  the  retreat ; 
and  there  he  might  be  seen  seated  on 
the  trunk  of  a  tree,  gaily  chatting  with 
his  comrades,  his  coiffure  as  carefully 
arranged  as  if  dressing  for  a  levee,  witn 
the  deep  snow  lying  round  him,  and 
the  dead  and  the  dying  at  his  feet. 
One  of  his  most  intimate  friends  com- 
plimented him  on  the  evident  allusion 
to  him  in  the  bulletin.  "  Ah !  "  he  said, 
bitterly,  **  TEmpereur  pent  tout  dire ; 
mais  gaietc  est  bien  fort."  A  speech 
that  redeems  the  anecdote  from  the 
depths  of  egotism  and  vanity,  raising 
what  were  else  a  mere  mockery  and  a 
monkey  puerility  into  a  principle  and 
a  power,  none  the  less  admirable  be- 
cause, perhaps,  forced  in  its  particular 
application. 

A  curious  instance  of  Napoleon's 
desire  for  universality  was  to  be  seen 
in  the  decree,  dated  from  the  Kremlin, 
regulating  the  affairs  of  the  Theatre 
Francais.  This  a^ain  was  done  in  a 
certain  spirit  of  bravado,  a  wish  to 
appear  at  all  times  sufficient  for  every 
phase  of  his  position,  and  able  to  con- 
troul  the  internal  arrangements  of  a 
theatre  while  planning  the  destruction 
of  empires.  Side  by  side  with  this  de- 
cree in  the  Kecueil  des  Lois  de  TEm- 
pire,  stands  the  one  which  orders  mili- 
tary punishment  on  those  parents  who 
favour  the  desertion  of  their  sons :  a 
decree  as  false  to  policy  as  repugnant 
to  humanity — recalling  times  of  worse 
than  barbarian  tyranny — times  when 
the  voice  of  nature  was  the  last  voice 
listened  to  among  the  shrieks  and 
screams  of  the  oppressed.  Between 
these  two  decrees  lies  the  whole  Na- 
poleonic world.  They  may  be  taken 
as  the  dais  and  the  footcloth  of  his 
throne ;  the  two  extremes  which  em- 
braced and  included  every  other  sym- 
bol of  his  power,  and  in  the  distance 
between  wnich  lay  the  secret  of  his  won- 
derful influence  over  his  generation. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLL 


To  be  conqueror  of  Russia,  and  to 
be  practical  pope  of  France,  were 
equally  ardent  wishes  of  Napoleon. 
He  protested  indeed  that  he  did  not 
wish  to  make  an  innovation  in  religion; 
he  but  jvished  to  restore  the  times  of 
the  religious  policy  of  Louis  XIV. 
before  the  revocation  of  the  edict  of 
Nantes,  and  to  raise  and  control,  but 
not  enslave  the  church.  "  I  will  not 
be  an  Abdallah-Manon,**  he  said,  **  but 
a  Constantine ;  neither  docile  in  tem- 
poral nor  schismatic  in  theological 
matters.  If  I  keep  Rome  for  my  son, 
I  will  give  Notre  Dame  to  the  tope ; 
but  then  I  will  raise  Paris  so  high  in 
the  estimation  of  men  that  its  cathedral 
would  naturally  become  that  of  the 
Catholic  world."  And  when  he  re- 
turned from  Russia  he  sent  for  Nar- 
bonne, whom  he  much  wished  to  con- 
vert to  his  views  respecting  the  church. 
But  the  aide-de-camp  held  contrary 
opinions,  and  was  firm  to  them,  advi- 
sing the  course  which  was  adopted 
later  by  necessity,  of  sending  back  the 
Pope  to  Rome  without  conditions, 
fetters,  or  French  garrison.  He  re- 
fused all  concurrence  in  his  detention, 
as  well  as  in  the  retrenchment  of  his 
spiritual  power.  It  would  no  longer 
be  the  battle  of  the  Galilean  church 
against  the  excessive  pretensions  of 
Rome,  he  said,  but  the  battle  of  the 
spiritual  chief  of  Christianity — or  at 
least  the  Pontiff  of  one  of  its  most  ve- 
nerable churches — against  the  chief  of 
the  French  empire.  He  contended  also 
that  the  pontifical  autocracy  of  the 
Czar,  to  which  Napoleon  had  alluded 
as  a  precedent  for  himself,  was  an 
anachronism  impossible  for  France,  and 
that  the  ecclesiastical  supremacy  exer- 
cised by  the  English  crown  supported 
a  dissenting  church  and  an  established 
schism — at  once  the  civil  sanction  of 
and  the  counterpoise  to  Puritanism — 
a  counterpoise  that  would  be  sooner  or 
later  worthless  and  without  power.  He 
contended  that  in  a  religious  point  of 
view  the  Pope  ought  to  be  free ;  **  and 
to  be  free  in  this  world  one  must  be 
master  somewhere."  Narbonne  added 
to  these  political  objections  others  of  a 
more  spiritual  character,  so  that  the 
Emperor  asked  witL  a  smile,  **  in  what 
boudoir  of  the  eighteenth  century  had 
he  learnt  so  much  theology  ?"  adding 
more  seriously  that  he  deceived  him- 
self as  to  the  present  time;  that  he 

80 


466 


M.  ViUemain's  Souvenirs, 


exaggerated  the  bearing  of  certain  in- 
fluences, and  that  taken  altogether 
France  was  of  the  religion  of  Voltaire. 
During  this  controversy  Villemain  was 
employed  to  take  notes,  make  extracts, 
get  up  arguments— in  a  word  to  cram 
the  aide-de-camp — which  he  seems  to 
have  done  to  tne  satisfaction  of  all 
parties ;  though  every  argument  failed, 
as  usual,  and  the  Emperor  refused 
then  to  take  the  step  which  the  cir- 
cumstances of  a  year  later  forced  on 
him. 

The  state  of  mental  servitude  in 
France  at  this  time  is  also  insisted  on 
by  M.  Villemain,.  not  without  evident 
application  to  the  regime  of  to-day. 
The  censorship  was  excessively  strict, 
and  the  police  system  arbitrary  and 
inquisitorial.  But  while  he  had  mi- 
litary success  the  French  people  forgave 
Napoleon  everything.  Uis  "battles 
gained,  coalitions  destroyed,  provinces 
conquered,  kingdoms  founded,  dicta- 
torial alliances  signed  in  the  encmy*s 
capitals,*'  reconciled  them  to  their  loss 
of  mental  liberty,  and  to  the  stern  re- 
strictions laid  on  their  freedom  of 
speech ;  but  when  the  first  shock  came, 
when  the  advanding  shadow  of  the 
dark  hour  clouded  the  glory  of  the 
Imperial  arms,  then  men  besan  to 
writhe  under  the  law  which  forbade 
even  a  regret,  even  the  relief  of  dis- 
cussion, if  not  of  reproach.  In  the  very 
zenith  of  the  empire  Napoleon  had 
issued  a  decree  ordaining  that  "  when 
the  censor  shall  have  examined  a  work 
and  have  permitted  its  publication, 
booksellers  shall  be  in  enect  autho- 
rised to  print  it,  but  that  the  minister 
of  police  shall,  even  then,  have  the  right 
to  repress  it  entirely  if  judged  con- 
venient." This  decree  was  applied  to 
Madame  de  StaeFs  Grcrmany,  which, 
after  having  been  retrenched,  purified, 
cut  down,  diluted  by  the  censorship, 
after  having  been  printed  and  published 
to  the  extent  of  ten  thousand  copies, 
was  seized  b^  the  gendarmerie,  who 
made  a  razzia  in  every  shop  where 
it  was  to  be  found.  But,  in  spite  of 
this  decree  and  its  practical  warning, 
bold  and  hardy  things  were  still  saia, 
and  what  Napoleon  used  to  call  idea- 
ology ;  in  other  words  free  speaking  and 
independent  judgment,  gained  silent 
way  with  the  public,  xhe  volatile 
world  of  France  turned  round  on  its 
idol,  and  cried  oat  all  the  louder  for 


[May, 

the  gag  that  had  been  placed  on  Its 
lips. 

One  morning  Narbonne  was  sent  fbr 
to  the  Emperor,  whom  he  found  in 
one  of  his  states  of  intense  irritation. 
"Well!"  siud Napoleon, "the audacity 
of  the  seditious  writings,  the  complid^ 
of  the  fashionable  world,  increase! 
hourly  sin(^  our  misfortunes.  It  is  no 
longer  even  sarcasm — a  miserable  play 
on  words — which  your  sakms  employ; 
there  is  no  longer  a  question  of  e<|uivo- 
cation  in  what  they  call  the  beginning 
of  the  end.  It  is  ffross  insult,  fanatical 
anathema ;  they  forge  libels,  they  in- 
terpolate firom  old  books  to  insult  the 
avenger,  the  defender,  the  chief  of 
France.  I  blush  for  the  nation.  The 
censorship  is  certainly  very  useless. 
Pommereuil  himself,  philosopher  as 
he  is,  sees  no  clearer  than  his  prede* 
cesser.**  And  then  he  flung  on  the 
table  a  bundle  of  notes  in  the  form  of 
letters,  which  he  had  received  from  his 
secret  correspondents,  and  which  spoke 
of  the  tendencies  of  certain  ealone  and 
authors.  Napoleon  connected  these  de- 
monstrations with  the  religious  more- 
ment  so  strongly  at  work  since  the 
detention  of  the  Pope.  He  threatened 
to  send  Thersen  to  prison,  while  Nar- 
bonne besought  him  to  suspend  his 
judgment,  assuring  him  that  there  was 
some  mistake.    "  Non !  non !  rien  n*est 

Slus  clair,**  said  Napoleon,  "  je  suis  un 
eau  de  Dieu,  un  homme  fatal,  et 
meme  un  faquin,**  and  he  sent  away 
De  Narbonne  with  the  notes,  of  whicn 
the  most  ferocious  was  an  extract  from 
"Les  Pensdes  de  Balzac,**  where  the 
Cardinal  Richelieu  had  been  the  victim 
and  the  object. 

Narbonne  was  sent  to  Vienna  **  to 
vibrate  the  family  cord,**  and  to  bring 
back  the  Austrian  Emperor  to  a  dne 
sense  of  his  son-in-law*s  infallibility. 
The  famous  mot  attributed  to  him,  on 
this  occasion,  "  I  must  go  to  Viennai 
as  the  auack  who  is  called  in  when  the 
doctor  has  failed,**  is  denied  by  ViUe- 
main;  still  it  is  a  mo/ currently  reported 
and  universally  believed.  Napoleon 
was  but  ill-content  with  Narbonne — fcac 
his  Viennese  embassy.  At  St.  Helena 
he  often  said  that  he  had  rained  him 
even  by  his  success,  and  that  his  talents 
had  been  as  fatal  as  useful :  for  thai 
Austria,  believing  herself  seen  throud^ 
had  thrown  off  ue  mask  and  pvecapi- 
tated  her  measnres,  whereasi  intb  lesi 


1854.]     Letter  on  the  Outbreak  ((f  War  with  France  in  1549.      467 


penetration  on  the  French  side,  she 
might  have  used  more  slowness  and 
more  reserve,  and  have  prolonged  her 
indecision  to  the  time  when  new 
chances  might  have  arisen.  As  it  was, 
the  Tugend-Bund  and  other  asso- 
ciations, and  poets  like  Korner,  arose ; 
and  the  great  Emperor  was  defeated, 
notwithstanding  the  security  which  he 
fancied  he  had  gained  for  himself  in 
his  royal  marriage. 

In  an  interview  with  Metternich, 
Napoleon  said  suddenly,  "Ah!  Met- 
ternich, how  much  has  England  given 


you  to  make  war  on  me  ?  ^*  Another 
poisoned  shaft  that  returned  to  the 
hand  which  shot  it,  and  brought  more 
ruin  than  it  caused  pain.  The  coalition 
was  formed,  and  the  throne  of  Napo- 
leon shaken,  the  glory  and  the  prestige 
of  Prance  were  gone,  and  the  Allied 
Powers  walked  over  the  prostrate 
nation,  when  they  planted  their  senti- 
nels before  the  Tuileries.  But  before 
the  dark  day  really  came,  Narbonne 
died  at  Torgau,  at  the  age  of  filly- 
eight,  of  typhus  fever,  caught  by  at- 
tending on  the  sick  in  the  city. 


LETTER  ON  THE  OUTBREAK  OP  WAR  WITH  FRANCE  IN  1549. 

THE  following  letter,  written  immediately  upon  the  declaration  of  War  between 
England  and  France  in  1549,  may'  be  interesting  at  the  present  moment,  aa  ihowing 
how  such  important  matters  were  undertaken  three  oentoriea  ago.  The  Postscript,  it 
will  be  observed,  **  lets  loose  the  dogs  of  war,"  in  the  shape  of  as  many  privateers  as 
chose  to  issue  from  the  English  ports,  and  make  prise  of  any  Frenchman's  wares. 

The  original,  which  is  wholly  in  the  handwriting  of  Mr.  Secretary  Petre,  including 
the  signature,  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Robert  Colej  esq.  F.S.A.  to  whom  we  are 
indebted  for  the  transcript. 

.  Sir  John  Hay  ward,  in  his  Life  and  Raigne  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth,  states  that 
Henri  II.  was  tempted  to  declare  war  at  the  period  in  Question  on  learning  the  dis- 
turbed state  of  England  from  internal  rebellion.  After  relating  the  circumstances  of 
the  several  insurrections  in  Devonshire,  Norfolk,  and  Yorkshire,  Hayward  adds,  *'  Now 
the  French  King,  supposing  to  make  his  hand  by  these  rude  ravages  in  England,  brake 
off  his  treaty  of  peace,  proclaimed  hostilitie,  and  denounced  the  same  by  his  Embassador 
to  the  King.  Hereupon  all  Frenchmen  in  England  not  denisens  were  taken  prisoners* 
and  all  their  goods  seised  for  the  King."  Shortly  after,  the  French  recaptured  Bou- 
logne, which  had  for  some  years  been  in  the  possession  of  the  English. 


After  our  ryght  harty  commenda- 
cions  to  youre  good  lordshipp.  Thys 
daye  the  Frenche  Embassadr  hath 
bene  with  us,  and  declaryd  unto  us 
that  the  Frenche  kyng  hath  revolted 
hym,  and  hath  declared  open  warre 
agenst  the  kyngs  majestic  and  all  hys 
subjects.  AVnerfore  thys  ys  to  wyll 
and  requyre  you  to  gyve  order  with 
all  spcde  possyble  to  all  the  ports  of 
the  countrey  of  Kent,  and  all  other 

E laces  of  your  jurysdycion,  that  thei 
ave  good  gard  and  care  to  the  ports 
in  all  places  where  the  enemy  maye 
dyscende,  and  also  to  the  countre  to 
be  readye  to  the  defence  yf  thei  shall 
lande  in  any  place.  And  that  thei  doo 
stey  all  Frenchemens  marchandysc, 
shyppes,  and  goods  what  soe  ever  thei 
be,  beyng  not  denysens,  and  ther  per- 
sonnes  also,  as  enmys  to  the  kyngs 
majestie,  and  put  them  in  saff  custody 
tyli  further  order  be  taken  as  appe- 
teyneth.    Thus  we  pray  you  fayle  not. 


Fare  ye  most   hartely  well.     From 
Westm',  the  viij*^  of  August  1549. 
Your  lovyng  frend, 

Edi^abd  Som'sbtt. 
Post  script. — And  fibrasmoche  the 
Frenche  kyng  hath  now  declaryd  hym 
self  open  enmye  to  the  kyngs  majestie, 
hys  majestie  gyveth  lycence  to  all 
maner  hys  subjects  fourthwith  to  arme 
them  selves  and  ther  vessells  to  the 
see,  and  to  make  pryse  of  any  Frenche- 
mans  wares. 

Address,  ■ 
To  our  lovyng  trende  Sir  Thomas 
Cheyne  knyght,  Treasurer  of 
the  kyngs  majesties  most  ho- 
norable houshold,  and  Lord 
Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports 
hast  post  hast 

Last 
forlyff 
for  lyff 
forlyff 
for  lyff. 


468 


LETTERS  OF  LADY  BRILLIANA  HARLEY. 

Letters  of  the  Lady  Brilliana  Harley,  wife  of  Sir  Robert  Harley,  of  Brampton  Bryaiif 
Knight  of  the  Bath.  With  Introduction  and  Notes  bj  Thomas  Taylor  Lewis, 
A.M.  Vicar  of  Bridstow,  Herefordshire.    (Printed  for  the  Camden  Society.) 


THERE  is  not  much  to  excite  our 
surprise  in  the  general  family  resem- 
blance which  pervades  the  various  col- 
lections of  letters  and  private  papers, 
of  the  date  of  our  Parliamentary  Wars, 
which  are  brought  to  li^ht  through 
means  of  awakened  family  interest, 
responding  to  the  calls  of  our  historical 
societies.  Even  when,  in  one  case,  we 
are  reading  the  chronicle  of  some  Puri- 
tan lady,  in  another,  when  the  corre- 
spondence of  a  Royalist  is  in  Question, 
tnere  is  really  no  such  great  diversity 
in  tone,  though  much  in  opinion.  The 
one  is  religious,  grave,  and  earnest — 
so  too  is  the  other.  The  one  lady 
expatiates  on  worthy  Mr.  Piersons 
gifts  and  graces — the  other  dwells 
fondly  on  the  merits  of  her  exiled 
bishop.  Surplice  abominations  excite 
the  indignation  of  the  Puritan ;  de- 
secration of  churches  scandalise  the 
Churchwoman.  Yet,  take  the  two 
dames  in  their  own  country  residences 
and  see  them  sitting,  alone  and  unpro- 
tected, in  their  castles  and  manor- 
houses  during  those  long  Civil  Wars, 
while  their  husbands  are  engaged  in 
battles  or  sieges,  and  the  simdarity  of 
the  position  may  well  bring  to  light  a 
like  form  of  character,  provided  that 
the  elements  of  religious  principle,  a 
love  of  duty,  and  a  practical,  plain 
common-sense  way  of  doing  the  busi- 
ness set  before  them,  arc  pre-supposed. 

Whether  Royalists  or  Puritans,  these 
ladies  were,  for  the  time  being,  living 
as  chaste  widows  in  their  husband? 
homes,  their  days  divided  between  re- 
ligious duties,  the  care  of  their  dwell- 
ings and  manors,  the  decent  keepin?- 
up  of  the  Church  and  its  services,  the 
due  entertainment  of  the  chaplain,  the 
education  of  the  children,  attendance 
on  the  poor,  (including  the  preparation 
of  medicines  and  even  the  perform- 


ance of  operations,^)  to  say  nothins  of 
correspondence  with  the  absent  lord  or 
elder  son.  Great  and  serious  charges 
these  to  be  laid  on  women ! 

Comparing,  as  we  are  occasionall/ 
led  to  do,  the  lot  in  life  of  woman  at 
various  periods,  could  anything  be 
more  lonely  and  more  forlorn,  we  ask, 
than  the  position  of  the  Crusader's  wife 
when  her  lord  was  waging  war  in  the 
Holy  Land  P 

lie  wooed  a  bright  and  burning  star, 

Hers  was  the  void,  the  gloom. 
The  straining  eye  that  foUow'd  fiur  . 

His  fast-receding  plume : 
The  silent  and  secluded  hours 

Through  many  a  lonely  day ; 
Wliile  bending  o'er  her  broider*d  flowers, 

With  spirit  tar  away. 

In  our  Parliamentary  Wars  little 
time  was  left  for  such  melanchol/ 
musings.  No  family  stood  neuter. 
Women  entered  into  the  reliffious 
and  political  questions  as  fervenUy  m 
their  husbands.  Praying  and  cursing 
were  too  often  mingled  in  their  de- 
votions. Castle  frowned  upon  castle. 
The  retainers  of  one  manor-house 
righteously  abused  and  teased  the  fol- 
lowers of  another.  The  sympathising 
friend,  it  is  true,  might  oe  a  neigh- 
bour, but  oflen  the  foe  was  nearer, 
ready  to  stop  the  rents  before  they 
reached  the  steward^s  purse,  to  driTe 
away  cattle,  and  starve  tue  poor  woman 
out  of  house  and  home.  (5r  her  godlj 
chaplain  perhaps  was  silenced,  and  a 
worldly  priest  put  into  the  parish 
church.  Such  trials  oflen  fell  upon 
characters  of  considerable  natire 
strength,  on  minds  reared  in  a  hatred 
against  forms  of  religious  worshipi 
wnich  it  now  makes  us  shudder  to  rud 
of,  but  steeled  and  nerved  thereby  to 
bear  what  was  laid  upon  them.  No 
wonder  if  the  portraits  of  these  ma- 


*  See  the  very  carious  and  interesting  original  account  of  the  Springett  familj^ 
Gent  Mag.  Oct.  1851,  wherein  the  Lady  Springett's  skill  it  signalised.  **  She  was 
so  rare  in  taking  oflf  cataract  and  spots  in  eyes,  that  Stephens  the  great  occiUist  sent 
many  to  her  house  when  there  was  difficolty  in  cure.  .  .  .  She  has  had  twenty 
persons  in  a  morning  to  dress — men,  women,  and  children—of  wounds,  tore  ejeSp 
and  to  apply  physic,"  &c,— P.  336. 


1854.] 


Letters  of  Lady  Brilliana  Harley. 


469 


trons  give  us  the  impression  often  of 
premature  age  :  what  anxious  thought 
sits  on  the  brow  even  at  twenty !  how 
awe-striking  they  are  at  thirty ! 

The  Lady  Brilliana  Harley,  whose 
letters  are  now  given  us  through  the 
instrumentality  of  the  Camden  Society, 
is  in  no  respect  an  exaggeration  of  the 
serious  wife  and  mother  of  her  time. 
On  the  contrary,  we  believe  her  to 
have  been  in  everything  mild  and  mo- 
derate, though  leaning  always  to  the 
Puritan  side ;  in  this  according  well 
with  her  husband,  though  of  a  less 
stern  and  severe  frame  of  mind.  Her 
personal  piety  is  distinctively  her  own. 
It  sits  on  her  easily  and  naturally,  and 
conies  out  mingled,  with  every  expres- 
sion of  her  motherly  tenderness  in  her 
long  correspondence  with  her  son. 
She  is  not  indeed  a  Lady  Rachel 
Russell.  The  compass,  the  variety 
are  wanting. '  Defective  education,  and 
an  inferiority  in  the  associates  of  her 
life,  to  say  nothing  of  wretched  bodily 
health,  appear  to  nave  kept  the  Lady 
Brilliana  Harley  considerably  bielow 
even  her  natural  power  of  progress. 
In  a  moral  point  oi  view  she  seems  to 
us,  in  so  far  as  tried,  worthy  of  com- 
panionship even  with  that  incompara- 
ble woman  to  whom  we  have  just  ad- 
verted. By  virtue  of  that  common 
bond,  the  steadfast  performance  of 
duties  "  as  ever  in  the  great  Taskmas- 
ter's eye,"  a  friendship,  had  they  been 
contemporaries,  must  have  grown  up 
between  two  such  noble  natures,  how- 
ever in  other  matters  little  resembling 
each  other.  For  who  of  like  mind  can 
ever  be  proof  against  the  winning 
power  of  a  life  governed  by  the  highest 
motives,  pursuing  its  course  with  a 
hearty  simplicity  of  purpose,  with  the 
determination  to  serve  God  in  sorrow 
and  in  joy  ? 

The  part  borne  by  Sir  Robert 
Harlev,  husband  to  Lady  Brilliana,  in 
the  civil  wars,  was  by  no  means  an 
obscure  one.  A  country  gentleman, 
inheriting  considerable  personal  estates 
in  Herefordshire,  made  a  Knight  of  the 
Bath  at  the  coronation  of  King  James 
the  First  in  1603,  there  was  time  du- 
ring the  long  life  of  his  father  for  him 
to  be  well  exercised  in  all  social  ques- 
tions. He  was  married  to  his  first  wife 
at  a  very  early  period,  and,  losing  her, 
married  a  second  time ;  this  wife  was 
the  sister  of  Sir  Richard,  afterwards 


Lord  Newport,  of  HighErcoll,  in  Salop, 
and  had  no  less  than  nine  children 
by  Sir  Robert,  all  dying  in  infancy. 
^^Last  of  all  the  woman  died  also;** 
and,  two  years  subsequent  to  her  de- 
cease, Brilliana  Conway,  daughter  of 
Baron  Conway  of  Ragley,  in  Warwick- 
shire, became  the  Lady  Brilliana 
Harley  of  our  present  tale.  Even  then, 
at  the  period  of  this  third  marriage, 
and  for  seven  succeeding  years.  Sir 
Robert's  untitled  father  still  survived, 
and  the  son  lived  either  in  the  pa- 
ternal castle  at  Brampton  Brian,  or  at 
Stanage  Lodge  in  the  same  parish. 
There  he  enacted  the  country  gentle- 
man for  a  large  portion  of  his  time, 
though  all  the  'Halk"  was  certainly 
not  "  of  bullocks ;"  for  he  was  a  ma- 
gistrate and  deputy -lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  Hereford,  a  Member  of  Par- 
liament representing  the  borough  of 
Radnor  in  two  of  James  the  Fir8t*s 
parliaments,  and  the  county  of  Here- 
ford in  that  memorable  assembly  of 
the  twenty-first  of  James,  which  de- 
nounced Lord  Bacon  and  spared  a 
guiltier  man  in  Buckingham. 

The  predilections  of  Sir  Robert  being 
strongly  in  favour  of  Puritan  sim- 
plicity, and,  of  course,  intensely  op- 
posed to  Popery,  we  may  be  very  sure 
that  he  was  one  of  that  "country 
party,"  which,  in  order  to  detect  con- 
cealed Catholics,  supposed  to  have 
entered  the  House  illegally,  through 
court  favour,  moved  "  tnat  the  Com- 
mons should  go  in  a  body  and  publicly 
receive  the   Sacrament  at  St.   Mar- 

faret's  Church,"  naming  Archbishop 
Fsher  for  the  purpose  of  officiating 
and  preaching  tne  sermon. 

The  British  Solomon,  it  may  be  ob- 
served, on  this  occasion,  as  on  most 
others  of  a  like  kind,  attempted  to  dic- 
tate the  discourse,  professing  his  anxiety 
lest  any  of  his  faithful  servants  should 
not  be  in  a  fit  state  after  so  much  ve- 
hement debating  to  partake  of  the 
sacred  rite,  hinting  the  desirableness  of 
greater  love  to  their  King  and  country, 
and  a  more  ready  granting  of  supplies, 
remembering  that  "He  twice  gives 
who  gives  quickly." 

Usher,  however,  was  too  staunch  a 
Protestant  to  omit  the  main  point,  and 
took  care  to  read  a  strong  lesson  to 
Romanists,  if  anv  such  were  present  at 
the  discourse  (delivered  after  all  not 
at  St.  Margaret's  but  in  the  Temple 


470 


L^Htr^  ofLad^  BrilUana  HarU^n 


[May. 


Church),  on  the  difference  between  the 
fiuth  of  the  English  Church  and  that 
of  Rome  with  regard  to  the  trans- 
formation of  the  sacred  elements. 

With  all  this  training,  Sir  Robert 
Harlej  would  be  well  prepared  for  the 
work  of  the  next  reign ;  and,  in  fact, 
his  name  is  to  be  found  during  the 
whole  of  the  Long  Parliament  on  the 
Journals  of  the  Commons,  on  com- 
mittees and  conferences.  We  find  him 
considering  the  High  Commission 
Courts  and  Star  Chamber  abuses, — 
aotiye  in  the  impeachment  of  Lord  Straf- 
ford,— ^busied  m  organising  the  militia 
-K)n  the  Committee  for  the  Great  Seal, 
preparing  the  order  to  prohibit  wear- 
mg  the  surplice,  and  lor  the  better 
observance  of  the  Lord*s  Day.  In 
short,  ho  stands  side  by  side  with 
Hampden,  Pym,  Sclden,  Rudyard,  &c. 
on  almost  all  questions,  not  omitting 
that  of  framing  and  taking  the  solemn 
lea^e  and  covenant. 

And  yet  Sir  Robert  did  not  invari- 
ably vote  with  one  party.  Together 
with  his  S(m,  he  was  among  the  mem- 
bers imprisoned  for  voting  ^*  that  the 
King*s  answer  to  the  propositions  of 
both  Houses  was  a  ground  to  proceed 
on  in  the  settlement  of  the  kingdom's 
peace.''  Though  a  stern  and  steadfast 
man,  Cromwell  did  not  love  him :  and 
he  loved  not  Cromwell.  In  religion, 
he  wished  most  for  a  Presbyterian 
settlement,  or  at  least  for  such  as  that 
proposed  by  Usher — a  union  of  both 
kinds  of  church  government,  reducing 
considerably  the  power  of  bishops,  and 
proposing  that  they  should  take  coun- 
sel with  an  assembly  of  the  clergy  in 
every  diocese. 

A  man  such  as  this  was  a  fit  hus- 
band for  BriUiana  Harloy.  Such 
also,  as  to  many  of  the  marked  points 
of  his  character,  was  his  son  Edward, 
to  whom  most  of  her  letters  are  ad- 
dressed. Yet  Edward,  aflerwards  Sir 
Edward  Ilarlej,  appears  to  have  been 
of  a  milder  s[)irit  tlian  his  father.  Of 
the  father  we  are  told  that  he  lost  his 
mother  young ;  that  his  early  educa- 
tion was  entrusted  to  his  uncle,  Riuh- 


ard  Harley,  an  aooomplished  acholar; 
and  that,  when  he  entered  Oriel  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  he  was  under  the  tutor* 
age  of  *^  a  great  disputant,"  the  Rer. 
Cadwallader  Owen,  whose  very  name 
seems  redolent  of  Welsh  oombatiye" 
ness.  In  connection  with  the  son,  Sir 
Edward,  we  shall  presently  hear  of  more 
softening  and  humanizing  influences. 
The  mother,  whose  lon^  and  tender 
watchfulness  attended  him  during  bis 
college  years  and  much  of  his  after- 
life,  must  have  wrought  something  of 
her  own  character  into  his. 

It  b  notalittle  mortifying  that,  while 
her  side  of  the  correspondence  has  been 
preserved  at  Ey  wood,  the  seat  of  the 
Harleys  in  Herefordshire,  none  of  Sir 
Edward's  answers  to  her  seem  to  be 
extant.  One  can  hardly  doubt,  by  her 
fond,  fVequent  reference,  that  she  pre- 
served  them  carefully ;  but,  when  foroed 
to  fly  from  her  castle,  it  b  probable 
they  were  destroyed  with  muoh  elie 
that  was  valuable.  What  is  given  to 
us  in  this  volume,  under  the  euitorahip 
of  the  Rev.  T.  T.  Lewis,  ia  taken  from 
a  collection  of  family  papers  in  the 

S)ssession  of  the  descendant  of  Lad^ 
rilliana,  the  Lady  Frances  Vernon 
Harcourt,  of  Brampton  Bryan.  With« 
in  a  few  years  these  valuable  relief 
have  been,  through  this  lady's  care» 
rescued  from  ruin,  copied,  and  illua- 
trated  by  her  own  notes,  having  been 
bequeathed  to  her  by  her  father,  £d« 
ward  fifth  Earl  of  Oxford,  on  whose 
recent  death  (in  Jan.  1853)  the  title 
became  extinct.* 

The  letters  themselves  mve  ns  the 
idea  of  a  fine,  energetic,  loving,  end 
high-principled  character.  The  writer 
of  them  had  evidently  received  no  verjr 
accomplished,  nor  even,  except  as  to 
religion,  careful  education.  Bom  end 
bred  in  Holland,  while  her  father  Sir 
Edward  Conway  was  governor  of  the 
Brill,  **8he  had  not,  observes  the 
editor,  quoting  Lord  Clarendon's  ohm* 
racter  of  her  cousin.  Lady  Fairfiu^ 
**  that  reverence  for  the  Churoh  of  £ng* 
land  as  she  ought  to  have  had,  and  so,** 
he  adds,  *'  unhappily  concurred  with  her 


*  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  first  Earl,  Robert  Harley,  the  son  of  Sir  Edward, 
and  grandson  of  Lady  Brilliana,  the  "  Harley,  the  nation*B  great  sapport"  of  SwifJL 
became  so  by  creation  in  Qaeen  Anne's  time,  and  that  his  son,  who  was  foonder  or 
the  Harleian  Library,  dying  without  issne,  the  title  passed  to  the  son  of  the  Auditor 
hii  brother,  second  ion  of  Sir  Edward,  and  grandson  of  Lady  BrilUana,  from  whoM 
the  last  Earl  was  Hneal  desoendant. 


1854.] 


Letters  of  Lady  B^Hlliana  HarUy, 


471 


husband  entering  into  rebellion,  never 
imagining  what  misery  it  would  bring 
upon  the  kingdom." 

But  it  is  right  to  let  the  editor  say 
more  than  this : — 

Though  there  are  no  quotations'*'  In 
French  or  Latin,  it  is  evident  she  was  ac- 
quainted with  these  languages,  and  her 
mind  well  stored  with  the  knowledge  of 
Holy  Scripture  and  divinity,  as  well  as  of 
ancient  and  modern  history,  and  fully  in- 
tent upon  the  events,  both  domestic  and 
foreign,  of  the  momentous  years  in  which 
she  lived. 

The  Letters  are  printed  in  the  order  of 
their  dates ;  some  few  undated  are  so  placed 
by  authority  of  internal  evidence.  Upon 
a  more  careful  examination  of  the  con- 
tents. No.  106  appears  to  be  misdated  in 
the  year  (not  an  uncommon  mistake,  when, 
as  in  these  letters,  the  old  style  is  used, 
and  the  new  year  commenced  25th  March), 
and  misplaced,  and  the  undated  letter  No. 
134,  misplaced. 

All  the  letters  except  the  first,  dated 
Ragley,  the  seat  of  her  father  in  Warwick- 
shire, are  from  Bromton  or  Brompton, 
now  Brampton  Bryan  Castle.  They  are 
written  in  a  bold  and  legible  hand,  with 
few  contractions,  and  scarcely  an  erasure ; 
but  the  use  of  capitals,  and  the  spelling, 
not  only  of  the  names  of  persons  and 
places,  but  of  everyday  words,  are  varied 
and  irregular.  A  few  of  the  -letters  are 
written  by  an  amanuensis,  in  seasons  of 
sickness,  but  signed  by  herself  as  usual, 
or  with  her  initials.  They  were  generally 
sent  b'y  an  express  messenger  or  the  car- 
rier, occasionally  by  a  friend,  or  the  trades- 
men, but  most  rarely  by  the  post  of  Here- 
ford, Leominster,  Shrewsbury,  or  Ludlow, 
then  recently  established,  and  not  much 
to  be  depended  upon.  The  insecurity  of 
letters  at  this  time  gave  rise  to  a  variety 
of  secret  correspondence,  one  of  which, 
very  simple,  is  exemplified  by  Letters  188, 
189,  &c. 

The  earlier  letters  (1625—1633)  are 
addressed  to  her  husband  ;  and  the  re- 
mainder (1638— 1643),  with  the  exception 
of  a  Letter  to  Sir  Robert  and  two  letters 
written  to  her  friend  Mrs.  WaUcote  of 
Wallcote,  during  her  troubles  at  Bramp- 
ton, to  her  son  Edward,  commencing  in 
Oct.  1638,  during  his  residence  in  Oxford. 

The  letters  are  written  with  the  greatest 
fondness  of  maternal  aflfection,  and  abound 
with  excellent  remarks  and  advice  on  his 
studies,  health,  and  conduct  in  the  Uni- 


versity, with  frequent  allusions  to  affairs 
home  and  foreign.  A  deeply  religious  tone 
pervades  the  whole  of  them ;  it  is  scarcely 
possible  to  find  a  single  letter  ?rithout  ^e 
evidences  of  practical  piety  .f 

It  is  not  easy  to  select  among  these 
letters.  All  are  full  of  sound  counsel 
— ^most  display  great  anxiety  about  his 
health — some  contain  announcements 
of  the  coming  of  savoury  viands — 
others  give  litUe  touches  of  character 
which  snow  her  to  have  been  an  ob- 
server of  human  nature.  This  is  the 
second  letter  to  her  son,  when  he  must 
have  been  no  more  than  between  14 
and  15  years  of  age,  though  a  student 
of  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford. 

To  my  dear  son,  Mr.  Edward  Harley. 

Good  Ned, — I  was  doubly  glad  to  re- 
ceive your  letter,  both  for  the  assurance 
of  your  coming  well  to  Oxford,  and  that  I 
received  it  by  your  father's  hand,  who,  I 
thank  God,  came  well  home  yesterday 
about  four  o'clock.  I  am  glad  you  like 
Oxford ;  it  is  tme  it  is  to  be  liked,  and 
happy  are  we  when  we  like  both  places 
and  conditions  that  we  must  be  in.  If  we 
could  be  so  wise,  we  should  find  much 
more  sweetness  in  our  lives  than  we  do  ; 
for  certainly  there  is  some  good  in  all  con- 
ditions (but  that  of  sin),  if  we  had  the  art 
to  distract  the  sweet  and  leave  the  rest. 
Now  I  earnestly  desire  you  may  have  that 
wisdom,  that  from  all  the  flowers  of  learn- 
ing you  may  draw  the  honey  and  leave 
the  rest.  I  am  glad  you  find  any  that  are 
good  where  you  are.  I  believe  that  there 
are  but  few  noblemen's  sons  in  Oxford ; 
for  now,  for  the  most  part,  they  send  their 
sons  into  Prance,  when  they  are  very 
young,  there  to  be  bred.  Send  me  word 
whether  my  brother  Bray  do  send  to  you, 
and  whether  8ir  Robert  Tracy  did  come 
to  see  you,  for  he  told  your  father  he 
would  ;  and  let  me  know  who  shows  you 
any  kindness,  when  yon  have  a  fit  oppor- 
tunity. Commend  my  service  to  Mrs* 
Wilkeson,  and  tell  her  I  thank  her  for  her 
favour  to  you.  I  may  well  say  you  are 
my  well-beloved  child  ;  therefore  I  cannot 
but  tell  you  I  miss  you.  I  thank  God  I 
am  something  better  with  my  cold  than  I 
was ;  your  brother  Robin  has  had  no  fit 
since  the  Monday  before  you  went  away ; 
the  rest  of  your  sisters  and  brother,  I 
thank  God,  are  well.  Remember  me  to 
your  tutor.  If  you  would  have  anything, 
let  me  know  it.    Be  not  forgetful  to  write 

*  And  yet  there  are  illustrations,  as  in  Letter  the  Sixteenth,  where  Lady  Brilliana 
cites  the  example  of  Seneca  (spelt  Seneque)  as  an  instance  of  the  difficulty  of  not  being 
proud  of  outward  adornments. 

t  Introduction,  p.  xiii. 


472 


Letters  of  Lady  Brilliana  Harley, 


[May, 


to  me ;  and  the  Lord  in  mercy  bless  you, 
both  with  grace  in  your  soul  aud  the  good 
things  of  tihis  life. 
Your  most  affectionate  mother  till  death, 

Brilliana  Harley. 
Be  careful  to  keep  the  Sabbath. 
Nov.2,  1638. 

She  keeps  him  frugally  endowed  with 
money,  but  it  seems  to  be  all  she  can 
spare.  "  I  have  sent  you  a  little  purse 
with  some  small  money  in  it,  all  the 
pence  I  had,  that  you  may  have  a  penny 
to  give  to  a  poor  body;  and  a  pair  of 
gloves,  not  that  I  think  you  have  not 
better  in  Oxford,  but  that  you  may 
sometimes  remember  her  that  seldom 
has  you  out  of  her  thoughts." 

A  woman  of  gentle  birth  herself, 
how  full  of  gentlewomanly  feeling  is 
the  following  passage ! 

Mr.  Scudamore,  that  dwells  hard  by 
Hereford,  who  married  my  Lord  Scuda- 
morels  dister,  told  your  father  the  other 
day  at  Hereford,  that  he  would  see  you  at 
Oxford ;  he  has  been  abroad  in  France 
and  Italy :  if  he  do  come  to  you  be 
careful  to  use  him  witli  all  respect.  But 
in  the  entertaining  of  any  such  be  not 
put  out  of  yourself;  speak  freely,  and 
always  remember,  that  they  are  but  men  ; 
and  for  being  gentlemen,  it  puts  no  dis- 
tance between  yon ;  for  you  have  part  in 
nobleness  of  birth  :  though  some  have 
place  before  you,  yet  you  may  be  in  their 
company.  And  this  I  say  to  you,  not  to 
make  you  proud  or  conceited  of  yourself, 
but  that  you  should  know  yourself,  and  so 
not  to  be  put  out  of  yourself,  when  you 
are  in  better  company  than  ordinary :  for 
I  have  seen  many,  when  they  come  in  to 
good  company,  lose  themselves.  Surely 
they  have  too  high  esteem  of  man;  for 
they  can  go  boldly  to  God,  and  lose  them- 
selves before  men.  Remember,  therefore, 
when  you  are  with  them,  that  you  are  but 
with  those  who  are  such  as  yourself;  though 
some  wiser  and  more  honourable. 

This  account  of  her  reading,  and 
her  criticism  on  Luther,  are  at  least 
curious. 

Having  been  often  not  well,  and  con- 
fined to  so  solitary  a  place  as  my  bed,  I 
made  choice  of  an  entertainment  for  my- 
self which  might  be  easy  and  of  some 
benefit  to  myself ;  in  which  I  made  choice 
to  read  the  Life  of  Luther,  written  by  Mr. 
Calvin.  I  did  the  more  willingly  read  it 
because  he  is  generally  branded  with  am- 
bition, which  c^uHcd  him  to  do  what  he 
did,  and  that  the  papists  do  so  generally 
upbraid  us  that  we  cannot  tell  where  our 
religion  was  before  Luther;  and  some 
3 


have  taxed  him  of  an  intemperate  life. 
These  reasons  made  me  desire  to  read  hit 
Life,  to  see  upon  what  ground  these  opt* 
nions  were  built ;  and  finding  such  satit- 
faction  to  myself,  how  falsely  these  were 
raised,  I  put  it  into  English,  and  here  in- 
closed have  sent  it  you  ;  it  is  not  all  hie 
Life,  for  I  put  no  more  into  English  than 
was  not  in  the  book  of  Martyrs. 

These  things  of  note  I  find  in  it,  ftrtHf^ 
what  Luther  acknowledges,  he  was  in- 
structed in  the  truth  by  an  old  man,  who 
led  him  to  the  doctrine  of  justification  by 
futh  in  Christ :  and  Erasmus,  when  hia 
opinion  was  asked  of  Luther,  said  he  wm 
in  the  right.  It  is  true  the  truth  wm 
much  obscured  with  error;  and  then  it 
pleased  the  Lord  to  raise  up  Luther  m  a 
trumpet  to  proclaim  His  truth,  and  as  a 
standard-bearer  to  hold  out  the  ensign  of 
His  truth;  which  did  but  make  those  to 
appear  of  the  Lord's  side,  who  were  ao 
before.  And  it  is  apparent  to  me  that 
no  ambitious  ends  moved  Luther ;  f6r  in 
all  the  course  of  his  life  he  never  showed 
ambition  :  though  he  loved  learning,  jet^ 
as  far  as  I  can  observe,  he  never  affected 
to  be  esteemed  more  learned  than  he  waa. 
So  that  in  Luther  we  see  our  own  facet ; 
they  that  stand  for  the  old  true  way  thej 
bring  up  new  doctrines,  and  it  is  ambition, 
under  the  veil  of  religion.  Another  oh* 
servation  I  find  in  Luther,  that  all  hii 
fasting  and  strictness,  in  the  way  of  popery, 
never  gave  him  pesce  of  conscience  ;  for 
he  had  great  fears  till  he  had  thoroughly 
learned  the  doctrine  of  justification  by 
Christ  alone ;  and  so  it  will  be  with  vi 
all ;  no  peace  shall  we  have  in  our  own 
righteousness.  And  one  thing  more  I 
must  tell  you,  that  I  am  not  of  their  mind 
who  think  if  he  had  been  of  a  milder 
temper  it  had  been  better ;  and  so  Eraa- 
mus  says ;  but  I  think  no  other  apirit 
could  have  served  his  turn.  He  was  to 
cry  aloud,  like  a  trumpet ;  he  was  to  have 
a  Jonas  spirit.  Thus,  my  dear  Ned,  yon 
may  see  how  willingly  I  impart  anything 
to  you  in  which  I  find  any  good.  I  may 
truly  say  I  never  enjoy  anything  that  la 
good  but  presently  my  thoughts  reflect 
upon  you ;  but  if  anything  that  is  evil 
befall  me  I  would  willingly  bear  it  all  my- 
self, and  so  willingly  would  I  bear  the  ul 
you  should  have,  and  rejoice  that  yon 
should  enjoy  what  is  good. 

We  arc  bound  to  note  some  great 
curiosities  of  spelling.  Perhaps,  in- 
deed, they  may  not  be  much  worse 
than  those  of  Lady  Rachel  Kussell, 
with  which  wc  arc  not  in  general 
favoured,  though  we  know  pretty  well 
by  specimens  what  they  must  haTe 
been.    Our  Lady  Brilliana  giTCS  us 


1854.] 


Letters  of  Lady  JBrilliana  Harley. 


47?} 


"  Pheb."  for  February ;  Cheshire  bears 
the  remarkable  appearance  of  "  Sches- 
cheare"  (p.  158) ;  and  q  often  stands  for 
k,  as  in  "  remarquabell,"  and  "scheer" 
for  shire.  Essex  seems  to  be  "  Ex- 
eckes."  Deceive  is  an  awful  word;  she 
brings  it  out  in  new  fashion,  "de- 
ceaufe."  The  most  common  mistake  is 
in  the  transposition  of  letters, — write 
is  in  general  "rwite,"  &c.  "susphi- 
cient"  for  sufficient,  &c.  &c. 

In  our  extracts  it  will  be  seen  that 
we  mostly  take  the  liberty  of  giving 
what  this  true  gentlewoman  meant  to 
write  rather  than  what  her  pen  occa- 
sionally did  write;  and,  indeed,  we 
cannot  at  all  see  why  the  editor  should 
conceive  bad  spelling  to  be  so  very 
sacred  a  thing.  It  may  be  satisfactory 
in  the  first  publication  of  an  important 
document,  on  which  matters  of  real 
consequence  depend,  to  give  an  exact 
facsimile ;  but  when  a  lady  expressing 
herself  clearly  and  well,  yet,  through 
defective  education,  writes  "  Sches- 
cheare"  for  "Cheshire,"  and  "Pheb'" 
for  "  FebV*  it  is  difficult  to  understand 
why  we  must  have  to  puzzle  over  her 
errors.  These,  however,  are  smaller 
matters.  We  are  most  bound  to  note 
her  candour  and  self- watchfulness,  as 
where,  speaking  of  some  good  but  in- 
judicious men,  she  begs  her  son  "to  look 
through  the  clouds  of  their  infirmities 
upon  the  sunshine  of  their  virtues," 
and  sees  the  dangers  of  the  day  on 
every  side ;  as  at  p.  69 : — 

I  am  half  of  an  opinion  to  put  your 
brothers  out  to  school.  They  continue 
still  stiff  in  their  opinions ;  and,  in  my 
apprehension,  upon  small  ground.  My 
fear  is  lest  we  should  fall  into  the  same 
error  as  Calvin  did,  who  was  so  earnest 
in  opposing  the  popish  holydays  that  he 
intrenched  upon  the  holy  Sabbath ;  so  I 
fear  we  shall  be  so  earnest  in  beating  down 
their  too  much  vilifying  of  the  Common 
Prayer  Book,  that  we  shall  say  more  for 
it  than  ever  we  intended. 

My  dear  Ned,  keep  always  a  watch  over 
your  precious  soul ;  tie  yourself  to  a  daily 
self-examination  ;  think  over  the  company 
you  have  been  in,  and  what  your  discourse 
was,  and  how  you  found  yourself  affected  ; 
how  in  the  discourses  of  religion  observe 
what  knowledge  you  were  able  to  express, 
and  with  what  affection  to  it ;  and  where 
you  find  yourself  to  come  short  labour  to 
repair  that  want ;  if  it  be  in  knowledge  of 
any  point,  read  something  that  may  inform 
you  in  what  you  find  you  know  not ;  if 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


the  fault  be  in  affections,  that  you  find  a 
weariness  in  that  discourse  of  religion,  go 
to  God,  beg  of  Him  new  affections  to  love 
those  things  which  by  nature  we  cannot 
love.  After  discourse  call  to  mind  whether 
you  have  been  too  apt  to  take  exceptions, 
or  whether  any  have  provoked  you,  and 
examine  yourself  how  you  took  it.  My 
dear  Ned,  you  are  to  me  next  my  own 
heart;  and  this  is  the  rule  I  take  with 
myself,  and  I  think  it  is  the  best  way  to 
be  acquainted  with  our  own  hearts,  for  we 
know  not  what  is  in  us  till  occasions  and 
temptation  draw  out  that  matter  which 
lies  quiet ;  and  in  a  due  observation  we 
shall  find  at  last  in  what  we  are  proud,  in 
what  fearful,  and  what  will  vex  and  eat 
our  hearts  with  care  and  grief.  I  can 
speak  it  of  myself,  there  are  many  things 
which  I  see  wise  men  and  women  trouble 
themselves  with,  that  I  bless  my  gracious 
God  for  they  never  touched  my  heart ;  but 
I  will  not  clear  myself,  for  there  are  some 
things  that  of  myself  I  cannot  bear  them; 
so  that  if  I  should  have  only  observed  my- 
self in  some  things,  should  think  I  were 
of  80  settled  a  mind  I  would  not  be  moved; 
but  I  know  there  are  blasts  that  trouble 
any  calm  which  is  not  settled  upon  that 
Rock  which  is  higher  than  ourselves.  My 
dear  Ned,  I  will  not  excuse  my  length  of 
lines,  though  it  may  be  you  may  think  it 
too  long  a  letter ;  but  rather  think  upon 
the  affection  with  which  I  write  it,  who  am 
Your  most  affectionate  mother, 
Brilliana  Harlet. 
Nov.  1,  1639,  Bromlon  Castle. 

The  interest  with  which  she  follows 
the  political  career  of  her  husband  and 
son  may  be  anticipated.  We  have 
brief  touches  of  all  the  principal  matters 
in  agitation — of  Lord  Strafford's  trial, 
&c.  Intimations  occur  occasionally  of 
differences  in  the  views  of  the  young 
brothers  left  at  home.  "  Your  brother 
Robin,"  she  says,  "  cares  not  to  know 
how  it  goes  in  the  Parliament.  Your 
brother  Tom  is  the  likest  you,  and  loves 
you  dearly."  Her  anxieties  about 
health  are  great.  She  wishes  his 
"lodgings  were  at  Linconsine  (Lin- 
coln's Inn),  and  not  in  the  laine  (Chan- 
cery-lane) over  against  it;  those  laines 
were  the  unsweatests  places  in  London, 
and  always  the  sickness  is  in  those 
places.  I  could  wish  vou  had  rather 
bvCli  in  the  Temple  or  Grascine  (Gray's 
Inn).  Graseine,  my  thinks,  is  a  fine 
place."  She  concludes  with  sending 
him  "a  peace  of  angelica  roote;"  he 
may  "  carry  it  in  his  pocket,  and  bite 
sometimes  of  it."     Yet  healthfulness 

3P 


474 


Letter*  of  Lady  Brilliana  Harley. 


[May, 


in  Brampton  Bryan  Castle  was  not  to 
be  boastnd  of.  Fevers  and  a^i^ues  and 
severe  colds  seem  to  have  been  the 
order  of  the  day  among  its  iiimated, 
and  bleedint;  and  blisterinir  the  per- 
petual practice. 

Edward  Uarley,  in  spite  of  his 
mother's  anxious  wishes  and  endea- 
vours, was  not  in  Parliament  during 
her  lifetime.  In  fact  his  youth  (only 
18)  at  the  time  when  she  hoped  that 
the  death  of  the  Member  for  liereford 
would  have  opened  the  way  to  bis 
election,  itself  wcmld  have  rendered  it 
undesirable  ;  but  this  she  does  not  ap- 
pear to  have  felt.  In  1G4*2  a  somewhat 
more  suitable  charge  ollered.  He  was 
made  captain  of  a  troop  of  horse  in  the 
Parliamentary  army,  which  he  joined 
under  the  command  of  Sir  William 
Waller,  ami  afterwards  had  a  regiment 
of  foot.  In  the  various  skirmishes  and 
actions  in  which  this  command  engaged 
him,  he  met  with  several  escapes 
an<l  some  severe  wounds.  ^Meanwhile, 
the  calls  upon  his  mother's  courage 
and  patience  were  great. 

Whilst  Sir  Robert  wu.s  engaged  in  Par- 
liaiiu'iit,  she  became  au  object  of  tiuspicion 
to  her  loyal  neighbours,  and  after  repeated 
minor  provociitious  and  threatenings,  the 
pluuderingu  of  his  park  of  deer  and  game, 
and  the  withholdint;  of  liis  rents,  the 
ca>tle  wai  surrounded  bv  the  soldiers  of 
the  royalists  or  "  nialijinants/'  under  Sir 
William  Vavasour  and  Ctdonel  LiuKen. 
Shut  up  now  in  Brampton  Castle  with  her 
chihiren,  and  nei^hbou^s,  "  who  resorted 
thither  to  keepthem>elves  from  the  plunder 
and  vilhinous  u>age  then  the  practice  of 
the  Cavaliers,'*  with  the  advice  of  I.)r. 
Natlianiel  Wright,  a  physician  of  Hereford, 
frequently  in  attendance  upon  her,  and 
who  now,  with  his  wife,  took  up  his  quar- 
ters there,  and  devoted  hini>elf  and  his 
money  to  the  cause,  and  that  of  a  veteran, 
sent  to  lier  by  Colonel  Massey  from  (Jlou- 
ce>ter,  and  her  own  servants,  >he  defended 
it  with  a  piudence  and  valour  worthy  of 
her  distinguished  family.  The  siege  roin- 
menced  '•'.')  .luly,  1641,  "on  a  day  on 
which  she  and  her  youn:;  children  were 
engaged  in  prayer  and  huniiliation  for  the 
mercy  of  God  to  avert  the  drea-.ful  judg- 
ment then  justly  feared,*'  and  continued 
for  six  weeks  ;  when  the  besiegers,  alarmed 
by  the  operations  in  and  about  the  Forest 
of  Dean,  were  hurried  off  to  the  nei^h- 
bourhooil  of  (1louee^ter.  " The  tir>t  stroke 
of  the  Cavaliers  in  the  biege  was  upon  a 


poor  aged  blind  man,  who  was  withoat 
any  provocation  killed  in  the  street/' 
During  the  siege  '*  the  cook  was  shot  by 
a  poisoned  bullet,  and  a  runninff  stream 
that  furnished  the  village  was  poisoned." 
The  church,  parsonage-hou^e,  and  dwell- 
ing houses,  together  with^the  mill  about 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  off,  with  the  buildings 
belonging  to  the  castle,  were  all  destroyed  ; 
and  early  in  the  following  year.  Sir 
Michael  Woodhouse,  governor  of  Ludlow 
(having  been  successful  in  his  brutal  attack 
on  Hopton  Castle,  which,  in  its  distress, 
had  received  assistance  from  Brampton 
Castle),  came  before  it  again,  when,  after 
a  gallant  defence  made  by  the  servants, 
under  Dr.  Wright's  direction,  it  surren- 
dered at  mercy  only,  and  the  inmates,  in- 
cluding three  of  Sir  Robert's  younger 
children,  were  taken  prisoners,  after  s 
siege  of  three  weeks.  There  were  taken 
G7  men,  100  arms,  two  barrels  of  powder, 
and  a  whole  year's  provisions.* 

The  letters  written  by  Lady  Bril- 
liana during  this  time  of  trial  are  brief 
and  cautious.  They  indicate,  however, 
great  distress. 

My  dear  Ned,  I  know  it  will  grieve  you 
to  know  how  1  am  use^d.  It  is  with  all  the 
malice  that  can  be.  Mr.  Wigmore  will 
not  let  the  fowler  bring  nie  any  fowl,  nor 
will  not  suffer  any  of  my  servants  pass. 
They  have  foibid  my  rents  to  be  paid. 
They  draw  away  the  young  horses  at  Wig- 
more,  and  n<:ne  of  my  servants  dare  go 
scarce  as  far  as  the  town.  And,  dear  Ned, 
if  G>)d  were  not  merciful  to  me,  I  should 
be  in  a  very  miserable  condition.  1  am 
threatened  every  day  to  be  beset  with 
soldiers.  My  hope  is  the  Lord  will  not 
deliver  me  nor  mine  into  their  hands;  for 
surely  they  would  use  all  cruelly  towards 
me,  for  I  am  told  that  they  desire  not  to 
leave  your  father  neither  root  nor  branch. 
Yuu  and  I  must  forgive  them.  Dear  Ned, 
desire  the  prayers  of  the  godly  for  us  at 

Hrompton.     I  desire  to 

as  it  is  possible  that  I  may  keep  the  pos- 
session  of  your  father's  house  fur  him. 

1  know  not  whether  this  wilt  come  to 
your  hand  or  no,  but  this  I  know,  thnt  I 
long  to  hear  from  you,  and  I  pray  God 
bless  you.  as  I  desire  the  soul  should  be 
blessed,  of  your 

Most  affectionate  mother, 

Brilliana  Harlbt. 

Jan.  28,  lCi2. 

A  (rain — 

Now  they  say  they  will  starve  me  out 
of  my  house ;  they  have  taken  away  all 
your  father's  rents,  and  they  say  they  will 


•  Editor's  preface. 


> 


1854.] 


Letters  of  Lady  Brilliana  Harley, 


475 


drive  away  the  cattle,  and  then  I  shall 
have  nothing  to  live  upon  ;  for  all  their 
aim  is  to  enforce  me  to  let  those  men  I 
have  go,  that  then  they  might  seize  upon 
my  house  and  cut  our  tliroats  by  a  few 
rogues,  and  then  say  thfy  knew  not  who 
did  it ;  for  so  they  say  they  knew  not  who 
drove  away  the  six  colts,  but  Mr.  Con- 
ningsby  keeps  them,  though  I  have  written 
to  him  for  them.  They  have  used  all 
means  to  leave  me  have  no  man  in  my  house, 
and  tell  me  that  then  I  shall  be  safe ;  but 
I  have  no  cause  to  trust  them.  I  thank 
God  we  are  all  well. 

IIow  affectionately  the  mother's  heart 
cleaves  to  her  son  is  seen  to  the  last. 

My  dear  Ned.  —  On  Saturday  I  re- 
ceived your  letter  by  Raphe.  Your  being 
well  is  mine,  and  therefore  you  may  be- 
lieve I  rejoice  in  it  That  you  left  me  with 
sorrow,  when  you  went  last  from  Bromp- 
ton,  I  believe  ;  for  I  think,  with  comfort 
1  think  of  it,  that  you  are  not  only  a  child, 
but  one  with  child-like  affections  to  roe, 
and  I  know  you  have  so  much  understand- 
ing that  you  did  well  weigh  the  condition  I 
was  in ;  but,  I  believe  it,  your  leaving  of 
me  was  more  sorrow  than  my  condition 
could  be;  but  I  hope  the  Lord  will  in 
mercy  give  you  to  me  again,  for  you  are 
both  a  Joseph  and  a  Benjamin  to  me,  and, 
dear  Ned,  long  to  see  me ;  and  I  hope 
when  you  have  spent  some  little  time  in 
the  army  you  will  come  to  Brompton. 
Since  you  desired  your  brother  to  come  to 
you,  I  could  not  deny  ir,  though  I  was  loth 
to  leave  him  (give  him  leave  ?).  I  hope 
he  is  come,  before  this,  safe  to  you  ;  and 
I  pray  God  bless  you  both  together,  and 
that  I  may  again  have  you  return  in  safety 
with  your  dear  father. 

Hut  this  continual  strife,  combined 
with  the  anxieties  and  uncertainties  of 
absence,  could  not  l)e  endured  much 
longer;  and  this  excellent  woman, 
always  of  delicate  health,  seems  to  have 
sunk  under  a  new  threatening  of  the 
enemy  and  an  attack  of  8ev(*re  cold. 
In  this  state  she  wrote  licr  last  letter, 
dated  Oct.  9th,  1643,  and  died  a  very 
few  <lays  afterwanls,  leaving  her  hus- 
band with  three  sons  and  four  dau^h- 
ters :  Edward,  Robert,  and  Thomas ; 
Brilliana,  Dorothea,  Margaret,  and 
Elizal)eth.  Doubtless  her  remains  were 
interred  in  the  family  tomb  at  Brampton 
Bryan  church ;  yet,  as  the  building  was 


then  a  ruin,  and  the  registers  for  the 
time  destroyed,  no  record  of  her  burial 
remains.  Two  good  and  moderate  di- 
vines, Pierson  and  Stanley  Gower,  were 
the  rectors  durin«r  tlie  whole  career  of 
Lady  Brilliana.  The  church  was  re- 
built by  Sir  Edward  Harley  during  his 
father's  life,  and  was  reopened  for  the 
first  time  on  occasion  of  the  funeral  of 
Sir  Robert,  which  took  place  on  the 
10th  Dec.  1656,  just  thirteen  years 
af^er  the  death  of  Lady  Brilliana;  the 
funeral  sermon  being  preached  by  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Froysell,  minister  of 
Clun,  in  Somersetshire,  an  old  attached 
family  friend  and  greatly  respected 
clergyman.  Whoever  is  curious  in 
these  compositions  will  find  a  long  ex- 
tract from  the  sermon  in  the  present 
volume.  It  partakes  of  that  high  en- 
comiastic strain,  with  its  necessary  dis- 
claimer of  merit,  so  usual  in  the  funeral 
addresses  of  the  day.  Those,  on  the 
other  hand,  who  dwell  with  greater 
interest  <m  the  traces  of  a  mother's  in- 
fluence will  have  pleasure  in  following 
out  whatever  can  now  be  known  of 
the  son  of  Brilliana  Harley. 

We  can  only  here  briefly  say  that 
he  steered  his  course  in  a  middle  path, 
with  no  deviation  from  principle,  but 
as  one  mi^ht  well  do  who  had  seen 
much  of  extreme  parties  and  hated 
their  violence.  Never  shrinking  from 
the  odium  of  Pres}>yterianism,  he  was 
of  course  no  favourite  at  the  court  of 
Charles  the  Second,  though  willing 
enough  to  make  trial  t»f  the  Stuart 
again.  Charles  gave  him  the  govern- 
ment of  Dunkirk,  on  receiving  which 
he  was  made  a  knight.  He  married 
twice.  His  first  wife,  to  whom  he  was 
united  about  a  year  after  his  mother  s 
death,  was  the  daughter  of  a  Devon- 
shire baronet;  his  second,  of  a  Glouces- 
tershire squire.  By  the  first  he  had 
four  daughters ;  by  the  second  Robert, 
afterwards  first  Earl  of  Oxford ;  Ed- 
ward, Auditor  of  the  Imprest;  Natha- 
niel, a  merchant  of  Aleppo;  Brian; 
and  Abigail. 

Sir  Edward  Harley  lived  to  the  age 
of  76,  and  died  at  Brampton  Bryan, 
Dec.  8th,  1700. 


THE  flHURCH  OF  UARTON-UPON-HUMBER. 


IF  nny  of  thn  rentiers  of  tlie  Gentle- 
innn'g  Magazini:  should  be  nitliiii  a 
rcnsonabic  iliBtniici;  of  il,  I  would  ru- 
{■onimend  them  not  to  [iiish  the  oppur- 
tunit;  of  Tisitlng  the  interest  in  g  nml 
not  uiipiclurGsque  little  town  ol'Bur- 
ton-upan-Hiimlier.  I  visited  it  in  the 
nutunin  of  tlie  last  yenr  during  a  short 
residence  ut  Hull.  i'Tom  the  station 
in  Hull  to  that  of  llessle  ia  a  distance 
of  four  miles  and  a  Iialf  by  the  riiilway, 
nnd  wc  have  not  long  emerged  I'roin 
the  suburbs  of  tlic  great  trading  port 
of  Yorkaliire,  nlien  our  short  transit 
is  at  an  end.  A  rude  conveynnce,  not 
unlike  a  cart,  conducted  by  ii  Ind,  con- 
veys rii  from  tlic  stntinn  to  the  edge  of 
tlie  Humbcr,  where  ivc  fnifl  a  small, 
dirty-luokinnstcRiiicr  waiting  toconvcj 
us  across  the  water.  An  oninibna  is 
ready  at  the  landing-plnee  to  earry  us 
to  Barton,  whieli  is  now  distant  sonic 
three  qiiarlera  of  a  mile  from  the  river, 
allboiigh  it  stood   once   close    to   the 


Ilumber.  It  is  suppoBed  to  have  been 
originally  a  Itoman  port,  and  diiico- 
veries  both  of  Roman  aepulehral  monti- 
ments  nnd  of  the  floors  of  houses,  u 
well  M  traces  of  their  roads,  leave  no 
doubt  that  the  spot  was  occupied  hj 
tliat  {HMiple,  to  whom  some  antiquaries 
attribute  the  extensive  carlh-worki 
whichsiirroundthctown,HndarGknown 
bythenameofthcCnatleDykes.  Under 
the  Saxons  it  was  certainly  a  place  of 
consequence,  which  character  it  eri- 
dentlj  shows  in  the  Domesclay  Surrej, 
and  it  aecins  only  to  have  lost  its  im- 
portance  after  the  rise  of  Hull.  The 
town  is  very  pleasantly  situated  on  « 
gentle  elevation,  overlooking  the  low 
groun<ls  which  border  on  the  Humber, 
anil  in  its  turn  forming  a  nicluresqoe 
object  when  seen  from  the  country 
around.  In  llie  distant  view  its  two 
lofty  steeples  especially  strike  the  M- 
ti'otion.  Curiously  enough,  the  two 
churches  stand  close  to  each  other,  the 
cliiircliyards  being  separated  only  by 
the  rond.  The  largest,  dedicated  to 
St.  hfnry,  is  in  fact  only  a  chapel   of 


TTu  Church  of  Barton-upon-Humber. 


the   mother 


ia54.] 

tase  to  St.  Petei 

rburch,  and  its  origin  is  of  more  modern 
(late.  The  earliest  part  of  it,  the 
clinncel,  is,  it  ia  true,  of  Isle  Normnt 
work,  but  ita  handsome  tower  is  Enrly- 
Knglisli,  and  the  chnir  is  in  the  Deco- 
rated stjle. 

It  is  the  square  tower  of  St.  Peter'- 
church  which  olTvrs  the  chief  ottractiot 
to  the  antiquarian  visitor  to  Barti 


As  he  approaches  the  churchyard,  he     make  a  closer 


477 

masonry  to  great  adTontage.  Two 
latter  circular  doorwaja,  of  extremelj 
boQ  work,  face  each  other  in  the  east 
and  west  walls  of  the  tower.  The  work 
is  remarkably  sharp  and  perfect,  and 
the  stones  look  altnost  as  fresh  as  when 
the;  came  from  the  mason's  chisel.  A 
wooden  staircase  leads  to  the  first  floor, 
and  tliia  as  well  as  the  other  floors  are 
easily  accessible  to  the  visitor,  who  ci 


will  remark  the  solidity  of  its 
turc,  the  peculiarity  of  '' 
and  the  singular  style  of  [1 
with  which  it  is  covered  on  the  northern 
and  southern  sides.  Our  sketch  is 
taken  from  the  south.  The  tnasonry 
is  rough,  but  eood,  and  of  great  so- 
lidity. From  ihe  f^ound  rises  a  series 
of  siiuare'edged  ribs,  or  vertical  string- 
courses, formed  of  long  and  short  stones 
alternately,  and  terminating,  a  little 
above  the  level  of  the  first  floor  <if  the 
interior,  in  round  arches  From  the 
apex  of  each  of  these  arches  rises  ano- 
ther similar  string-course,  forming  to- 
gether a  second  series,  which  termi- 
nates in  a  series  of  triangular  heads, 
under  which,  in  Ibe  middle,  is  the 
window  of  the  first  floor,  formed  in  the 
uitna\  manner  of  Saxon  windows,  with 
t  o  a  h  I  supported  by  a  thick  ba- 
lus  c      ol  mm.     A  horizontal  string- 

ourse    e  la  on  the  points  of  the  trian- 
gular 1   a  Is,  and  upon  this  stands  the 
nd  floor  window,  which  has  two 

n<mla  heads  instead  of  arches,  sup- 
|Ki  1  al  o  by  a  boluster  eolmnn.  On 
a  ond  horizontal  St  ring- course  above 
n<i3  the  third  window,  consisting  of 


nofthew 


dows  from  the  inside.  The  annexed 
cut  represents  the  window  on  the  first 
floor  as  seen  from  the  interior. 


e  of  the 


Altogether  this  tower  is 
most  remarkable  examples  lu  luu 
kingdom  of  the  style  of  architecttire 
which  seems  to  be  correctly  ascribed  to 
our  Anglo-Saxon  forefathers;  the  only 
tower  which  bears  a  very  close  resem- 
blance to  it  in  the  internal  omamenla- 

„,.^ _.     tion   is  line   in   another   county,    but 

but  taiier  than  the  lower  curiously  enough  in  a  porish  of  the 
wjodiiws,  and  supported  by  a  baluster  samename,  that  of  the  church  of  Earl's 
column  of  more  slender  proportions.  Barton  in  Northamptonshire.  The 
The  tower  appears  to  be  perfect  to  the  tower  is  the  only  part  of  the  original 
summit;  but  it  had  perhaps  once  a  church  of  Rnrlon-upon-H umber  that 
spire.  Instead  of  the  usual  long- and-  remains,  the  church  itself  being  a  late 
stiort  work  at  the  angles  of  the  walls.  Perpendicular  building,  without  any 
they  are  formed  by  a  string-course  feature  of  interest. 
exactly  similar  to  those  on  the  face  of  At  a  distance  of  I 
the  tower,  except  that  it  is  rather  eastward  of  Barton,  we  urnvc  u<.  i..o 
lader.     The  orif;inal  window  on  the     large   strangling  village    of   Barrow, 


niles  to  the 


upjicr  pnrl  of  tlie  west  side  of  the  i 
has  been  destroyed  to  make  place  for 
one  in  the  Decorated  style,  and  that 
below  it  is  concealed  by  the  clock. 
A  (loorway  of  very  solid  and  early 


)  deserving  of  a 
name  would  lead  us  at  once  to  suppose 
It  on  the  site  or  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  some  ancient  settlement.  In  fact, 
between  the  village  and  the  r' 


character,  between  tw'o  of  the  vertical  the  low  ground  known  as  the  Barrow 

ribs  on  the  south  side,  introduces  us  marshes,  there  are  very  extraordinary 

to  the  interior  of  the  tower,  where  we  and    extensive    earth-works,     known 

see  the  bold,  massive  character  of  the  popularly  (like  the  intrenchments  at 


478 


The  Internal  State  of  Husiia. 


[May, 


Barton)  by  the  name  of  the  Castles. 
These  earth-works  are  no  doubt  of  a 
very  early  date,  for  tliey  are  accom- 
panied with  barrows,  or  sepulchral  tu- 
muli, some  of  which  have  been  opened, 
and  presented  tlie  usual  deposits  of 
burnt  bones,  ashes,  and  pottery,  which 
probably  belonj»e<l  to  the  Romano- 
ISritish  period.  1  understand  that  there 
is,  or  was,  a  romantic  tradition  con- 
cerning tliese  earthworks,  tliat  they 
were  the  work  of  the  fabulous  Iluni- 
ber,  king  of  the  Huns,  wlio,  according 
to  Geoflrey  of  Monmoutli,  invaded  this 
part  of  the  island  in  the  times  of  the 
sons  of  Brutus,  and  who,  drowned  not 
far  from  lience,  gave  his  name  to  the 
river.  Stukeley,  who  was  a  diligent 
observer,  but  a  very  bad  explainer  of 
ancient  monuments,  pronounces  these 


earthworks  to  be  what  he  calls  an 
"alate  temple*'  of  the  ancient  Britons, 
and  places  it  in  his  "  thini  class*'  of 
British  buildings.  It  has  been  sup- 
posed, with  somewhat  more  plausibility, 
that  this  neighbourhood  was  the  site  of 
the  celebrated  battle  of  Brunanburh, 
between  king  Athelstan  and  the  Danish 
and  Scottish  invaders,  but  I  cannot 
believe  that  the  earthworks,  which  are 
certainly  of  much  more  remote  anti- 
quity, have  any  connection  with  that 
great  event.  A  very  minute  descrip- 
tion of  them,  with  a  plan,  is  given  by 
Mr.  llesleden,  in  the  volume  of  Trnns- 
ACtions  of  the  Winchester  meeting  of 
the  British  Archaeological  Association, 
to  which  I  willingly  refer  for  further 
information  on  the  subject. 

Thomas  Wright. 


THE  INTERNAL  STATE  OF  RUSSIA. 

Studien  iiber  die  innern  Zastaode,  das  Volksleben,  und  insbesonders  die  Tandlichen 
Rinrichtungen  Russlands.    Von  August  Freiherr  von  Haxthausen.   Hanover,  1847. 


BY  the  aid  of  "  Blue  Books,**  "Port- 
folios," and  many  volumes  of  native  and 
foreign  manufacture,  we  are  tolerably 
well  ac(iuainte<l  with  the  Czar  and  his 
Cabinet,  but  we  have  not  hitherto  pos- 
sessed sutlicient  means  for  estimating 
the  condition  of  the  Russian  i>easant, 
and  for  understanding  the  ties  which 
bind  him  to  his  Czar  and  to  his  faith. 
Ilaxthausen  is  the  first  who  has  placed 
clearly  before  us  the  relations  which 
exist  between  the  government  and  the 
people,  and  minutely  described  the 
cliaracteristies  of  the  latter,  their  pecu- 
liar tenure  of  land,  and  tiieir  system 
of  local  government.  But  perhaps  the 
most  striking  part  of  his  book  is  the 
contrast  he  draws  between  the  repub- 
lican freedom  of  tiie  Cossack,  and  the 
hopeless  slavery  of  the  serf. 

I5y  tiie  vastness  of  her  territory,  the 
unlimited  power  of  her  ruler,  and  the 
apparent  uniformity  of  her  inhabitants 
in  race,  creed,  and  habits  of  thought, 
Russia  produces  on  the  mind  the  same 
overpowering  impression  which  the 
desert  may  be  supposed  to  convey. 
The  observer  can  at  first  fix  upon 
neither  boundaries  nor  landmarks — he 
can  discern  no  tlilU'rences  of  opinion, 
no  struggles  for  I'reedom  or  for  power, 
no   fermenting  of   the   human   mass. 


whether  for  good  or  for  evil,  as  in  the 
rest  of  Europe,  and  it  is  some  time 
before  he  can  accustom  himself  to  such 
silent  grandeur,  and  penetrate  the 
veil  of  such  monotonous  uniformity. 
Should  he,  however,  escape  from  bis 
European  prejudices,  he  will  find  the 
harmony  and  unity  melt  away  from  his 
sight,  and  l>e  startletl  by  the  strangest 
contradictions,  and  the  most  violent 
contrasts.  Under  an  autocrat  he  meets 
with  republics, 'where  taxes  are  un- 
known, and  where  every  man  is  free 
and  e(]ual.  lender  a  paternal  govern- 
ment he  encounters  a  growing  slaverj 
which  threatens  to  unite  the  horrors 
of  Louisiana  with  the  social  evils  of 
Manchester.  Behind  the  mask  of  an 
united  church,  \n\  discovers  only  schism 
and  distrust — while,  side  by  side,  he 
sees  in  full  force  the  customs  of  the 
patriarchs  and  the  dreams  of  Fourier 
and  Owen. 

Of  the  06,000,000  who  are  con- 
tained within  the  limits  of  the  Kussian 
empire,  wc  have  to  deal  with  about 
49,000,000,  and  these  are  divided  into : 

I.  The  inhabitants  of  the  free 
communes,  who,  to  the  number  of 
2.3,000,000,  cultivate  the  imperial  do- 
main, and  are  frequently  described  ma 
the  serfs  of  the  Czar. 


\ 


1854.] 


The  Internal  State  of  Russia. 


479 


II.  The  serfs  belonging  to  the  nobles 
and  to  other  freemen,  who  amount  to 
24,000,000. 

III.  The  Cossacks,  of  whom  there 
are  nearly  2,000,000. 

Providence  (says  Haxthauseo)  has 
divided  Russia  into  four  great  regions, 
which,  if  fully  peopled,  could  not  exist  in- 
dependently of  one  another.  The  northern 
portion  of  the  empire  is  a  tract  of  forest 
larger  than  Spain ;  next  there  is  a  zone 
of  barren  land,  which  extends  from  the 
Ural  to  Smolensko,  comprising  18,000 
square  miles,  and  containing  16,000,000 
inhabitants.  Adjoining  this  is  the  famous 
region  of  the  "  Black  Earth,*'  the  fertility 
of  which  is  unequalled  on  the  globe.  In 
this  zone,  twice  the  size  of  France,  corn 
crops  have  been  taken  in  succession  for  a 
century,  without  interruption  and  without 
manure.  The  labourer  merely  disturbs 
the  surface  of  the  soil,  while  the  straw  and 
dung  supply  the  want  of  wood,  and  are 
used  as  fuel.  To  the  south  and  south-east 
reach  the  boundless  steppes,  which  have 
been  traversed  by  nomade  tribes  and  their 
flocks  for  thousands  of  years.  Colonies 
have  been  sown  like  oases  in  these  vast 
regions,  which,  if  planted  and  peopled, 
might  become  one  of  the  most  flourishing 
districts  of  Europe,  but  unfortunately  the 
Russians  are  great  destroyers  of  timber, 
and  even  fruit-trees  do  not  escape  if  their 
destruction  will  supply  the  want  of  the 
moment.  As  to  planting,  it  is  almost  un- 
heard of,  for  no  Russian  undertakes  any- 
thing from  which  he  does  not  expect  an 
immediate  return,  so  that  the  forests  are 
continually  diminishing,  and  fuel  and  shel- 
ter are  becoming  more  and  more  rare. 

The  soil  of  Russia  belonged  originally 
to  the  nation  en  masse^  to  the  exclusion 
of  all  private  property,  but  the  right  of 
disposing  of  it  belonged  to  the  Czar.  Nor 
was  it  till  the  commencement  of  the  17th 
century  that  the  Czars  began  to  transform 
into  hereditary  properties  the  grants  for- 
merly made  to  the  nobles  for  life,  or  for  a 
fixed  period.  At  the  death  of  Peter  I., 
one  half  of  the  cultivated  land  had  by  this 
means  become  private  property,  and  at 
the  present  moment  the  proportion  is  still 
greater,  in  spite  of  the  enormous  addition 
made  to  the  imperial  domain,  under  Cathe- 
rine II.,  by  the  confiscation  of  the  lands 
of  the  monasteries  and  of  the  patriarch,  as 
well  as  the  annexation  of  New  Russia, 
Courland,  and  the  T  ran  scan  casian  pro- 
vinces.    As  every  peasant  is  either  a  serf 


whose  master  must  maintain  him,  or  a 
member  of  a  commune,  and  entitled  to  a 
share  of  the  soil  belonging  to  it,  no  such 
thing  as  pauperism  can  exist.  In  all  other 
European  countries  there  are  sounds  in 
the  air  announcing  an  approaching  revo- 
lution, the  motto  of  which  is  the  abolition 
of  here  litary  property  and  an  equal  divi. 
sion  of  land.  But  in  Russia  no  such  con- 
vulsion is  possible,  for  there  the  Utopia 
of  the  revolutionists  is  already  realised. 
Russia  has  always  possessed  that  freedom 
in  the  exercise  of  trades  which  Europe,  by 
the  abolition  of  guilds  and  corporationst 
is  only  now  struggling  to  obtain. 

In  the  national  organisation  of  the 
Slaavs,  an  hereditary  nobility  occupied 
but  a  small  space,  and  before  the  time 
of  Peter  the  Great  it  owed  its  power 
and  influence  rather  to  the  favour  of 
the  sovereign  than  to  its  own  position 
or  numbers.  Latterly  it  has  been 
effaced  by  the  Tschin  or  nobility  of 
public  service,  established  by  Peter  I., 
which  is  attainable  by  all  wno  are  not 
serfs,  so  that  the  humblest  individual 
may,  under  certain  conditions,  acquire 
nobility,  not  only  for  himself  but  for 
his  successors. 

The  origin  and  development  of  the 
other  states  of  Europe  were  feudal — 
that  of  Russia,  on  the  contrary,  was 
patriarchal.  This  distinction  suflices 
to  explain  in  a  great  degree  the  social 
and  political  condition  of  that  country. 
There  the  family  is  the  nation  in  minia- 
ture, in  which  the  authority  of  the 
father  is  absolute.  On  his  death,  if  the 
family  determine  to  separate,  which  is 
always  considered  a  great  misfortune, 
the  eldest  son  transfers  a  fourteenth 
of  the  common  property  to  the  daugh- 
ters, a  seventh  to  the  widow,  and 
divides  the  rest  between  himself  and 
his  brothers,  the  house  being  valued 
as  part  of  his  own  share.  In  case  the 
family  becomes  too  numerous  to  occupy 
a  single  dwelling,  the  several  offshoots 
build  houses  on  the  common  property, 
and,  still  preserving  their  obedience  to 
the  head  of  the  family,  continue  to  cul- 
tivate the  land  in  common. 

The  commune  (itftr)  is  the  family 
enlarged,  and  like  it,  is  ruled  by  its 
father  and  chief,*  the  Starost,  who  is 
elected  annually,  and  receives  a  salary. 


*  We  have  no  doubt  that  Ilerzen  is  perfectly  right  in  asserting  that  the  power  of 
the  Staroht  is  limited.  It  is  only  absolute  when  the  whole  community  agree  with  him. 
He  has  great  power  over  each  individual,  but  the  whole  commune  can  at  any  time 
compel  liim  either  to  resign  his  post,  or  to  yield  to  their  views. 


480 


The  Inteiftal  State  of  Russia. 


[May, 


His  election,  and  all  matters  of  unusual 
importance,  are  decided  upon  in  an 
assembly  of  the  wh<)le  commune.  The 
inhabitants  of  the  communes  have  pre- 
served in  a  great  degree  their  inde- 
pendent administration  and  their  per- 
sonal freedom.  They  can  engage  in 
commerce,  or  in  any  profession ;  they 
can  purchase  land  and  houses  in  any 
part  of  the  empire,  save  in  Moscow 
and  St.  Petersburg;  they  can  send 
their  children  to  the  public  schools  and 
universities,  so  that  not  only  the  vari- 
ous branches  of  the  public  service,  but 
also  the  honours  of  nubility,  are  within 
their  reach. 

The  communes  are,  by  the  new  re- 
gulations, about  7000  in  number,  and 
their  condition  is  very  various — some 
possess  a  superabundance  of  land, 
whilst  others  have  not  enough  to  sup- 
port their  population.  They  hold  their 
land  directly  of  the  crown,  to  which 
they  pay  the  ohrok^  which  was  origi- 
nally a  rent,  but  which  has  become  a 
sort  of  capitation  tax.  It  is  divided 
by  the  commune  itself  amongst  its 
members,  and  is  laid  upon  the  portions 
of  land,  not  upon  the  individual,  so 
that  a  rich  man  has  sometimes  two  lots 
of  land  assigned  to  him,  in  order  to 
make  him  pay  a  double  share  of  the 
ohrok, 

A  fresh  division  of  the  soil  is  re- 
garded as  a  serious  evil,  and  it  would 
be  of  rare  occurrence  were  it  not 
enlbrced  by  law,  as  often  as  the  census 
for  regulating  the  conscription  and  the 
capitation  tax  is  taken  by  the  govern- 
ment. Since  the  death  of  Peter  I.  the 
land  has  usually  remained  about  fifteen 
years  in  the  same  hands.  Although 
there  are  evils  attached  to  such  a 
tenure,  they  are  far  less  than  a  similar 
system  would  entail  in  any  other  part 
of  Europe.  Indeed  German  colonists, 
who  carried  with  them  their  own  cus- 
toms, have  ill  some  instances  demanded 
permission  to  adopt  the  Kussian  system. 
The  forests  and  pastures,  as  well  as 
the  rights  of  fishing  and  the  chase,  are 
maintained  in  common,  or  let  on  lease 
for  the  general  good.  It  is  only  the 
'  mds  fit  for  cultivation  which  are 
divided.  When  the  *'  Black  Partition" 
is  t)ft  take  place,  peasants,  chosen  on 
accouJit  of  their  exi>erience,  divide  the 
land  l^rst  of  all  into  tracts  of  cfjual 
value ;  Yjhey  next  subdivide  these  into 
lots,  a  reserve  being  set  aside  to  pro- 
4 


vide  against  contingencies.  Oa  the 
day  appointed,  although  the  whole 
population  is  assembled,  there  is  nei- 
ther tumult  nor  confusion.  The  por- 
tions are  assigned  by  ballot,  and  it 
rarely  happens  that  any  one  is  dissatis- 
fied. As  every  man  is  entitled  to  an 
allotment  of  land  as  soon  as  he  marries, 
it  may  readily  be  imagined  that  the 
wedding  of  a  son  is  a  cause  of  rejoicing. 
In  the  first  place,  whether  tlie  bride 
be  rich  or  poor,  ugly  or  beautiful,  she 
at  any  rate  brings  a  strong  pair  of 
hands  to  assist  in  the  domestic  duties ; 
and,  in  the  next,  the  family  property 
receives  an  immediate  augmentation. 
Thus  the  inducements  to  marriage  are 
so  strong  that  it  is  easier  to  find  a  man 
who  has  had  three  wives,  than  one  who 
has  never  married.  This  premium  on 
matrimony  formerly  produced  a  strange 
and  unnatural  abuse.  Fathers,  in  order 
to  obtain  an  additional  portion  of  the 
common  land,  married  their  sons  almost 
as  soon  as  they  were  born,  and  it  was 
not  uncommon,  at  Moscow,  to  see  a 
woman  of  four-and-twenty  carrying 
her  promising  husband,  of  six  yetrs 
old,  m  her  arms.  The  consequence 
was  that  it  became  the  custom  lor  the 
father  to  live  with  his  daughter-in-law. 
The  government,  however,  hais  endea- 
voured to  put  an  end  to  this  eTil,  by 
forbidding  the  marriage  of  males  undff 
eighteen,  and  of  females  under  sixteen. 

In  1837  a  great  effort  was  made  to 
ameliorate  the  condition  of  the  crowo 
peasants,  and  the  communal  system 
was  in  some  degree  modified.  Up  to 
that  time  all  business  between  a  com- 
mune and  the  government  was  trans- 
acted by  three  officials — ^a  rcceirer  of 
taxes,  an  inspector  of  public  granaries 
and  an  officer  appointed  to  receire  the 
recruits  ;  but  in  that  ^ear  a  new  de- 
partment for  the  administration  of  the 
imperial  domains  was  formed.  It  con- 
sists of  four  boards:  to  the  first  of 
which  belong  the  affairs  of  the  thirty- 
nine  governments  of  Central  Russia; 
to  the  second,  those  of  the  eighteen 
governments  of  the  Baltic,  White  Rus- 
sian, Western,  and  Transcaucasian  pro- 
vinces ;  the  third  is  deroted  to  the  im- 
provement of  agriculture,  and  the  re- 
gistry of  lands  and  schools ;  while  the 
fourth  has  the  charge  of  the  forests. 

The  local  administration  is  left  to 
the  communes  themselves.  VillsgeB 
of    1,500  inhabitants  still  ooostitate 


1854.] 


l%e  Internal  State  ofRuuia. 


481 


separate  communes;  but  the  smaller 
villages  are  either  united  into  com- 
munes of  about  1,500  souls,  or  into 
cantons  of  about  6,000.  The  latter 
are  administered  bj  a  chief  (Golowa), 
with  two  assistants  and  a  registrar. 
The  commune  is  ruled  bj  its  mayor 
(Starschina),  and,  in  case  several  vil- 
lus have  been  united,  bj  the  Starost 
01  each  village  under  him,  with  a  re- 
ceiver of  revenue,  and  an  inspector  of 
the  public  granaries.  Ail  these  officers, 
who  are  elected  bj  ballot,  receive  a 
small  amount  of  paj,  and  enjoy  certain 
honours  and  prerogatives.  The  assem- 
blies of  the  communes  are  composed 
of  deputies,  in  the  proportion  of  one  for 
every  five  hearths.  The  assemblies  of 
the  cantons  are  composed  of  a  com- 
mittee, to  which  each  of  ^e  communal 
assemblies  sends  a  deputy  for  every 
ten  families.  The  communal  assem- 
blies meet  three  times  a-year  to  elect 
officers,  and  to  settle  such  1)U8ine88  ks 
rents,  the  distribution  of  land,  the  sub- 
division of  taxes,  the  audit  of  accounts, 
the  admission  of  new  members,  the 
dismissal  of  those  who  wish  to  retire, 
the  enrolment  of  recruits,  &c 

The  Tribunal  of  the  Commune  con- 
sists of  the  Starschina  and  two  mem- 
bers, elected  by  the  peasants.  Tbat 
of  the  canton  is  formed  by  the  Grolowa 
and  two  others  similarly  chosen.  Hie 
former  court  cannot  adjudicate  in  a 
matter  of  greater  value  dban  five  silver 
roubles,  nor  the  latter  in  one  of  more 
than  fifteen,  unless  at  the  request  of 
both  parties.  Their  power  is  also 
limited  in  respect  to  the  punishment 
of  crime.  In  all  cases  of  quarrel  or 
litigation,  the  matter  must  first  be  re- 
ferred to  arbitrators;  and  it  is  only 
after  these  have  failed  to  bring  about 
a  settlement  that  it  can  be  carried  be- 
fore a  tribunal. 

In  spite  of  institutions  under  which 
a  great  degree  of  liberty  and  happiness 
might  be  enjoyed,  and  notwithstanding 
the  efforts  of  the  government  to  ame- 
liorate their  condition,  the  inhabitants 
of  the  free  communes  are  in  a  state  of 
great  and  increasing  misery.  They 
are  often  reduced  to  cruel  hardships 
by  one  or  more  of  the  richer  peasants 
bribing  the  imperial  officials,  and  being 
enabled  by  their  collusion  to  manase 
the  lands  for  their  own  benefit:  lor 
instance,  they  obtain  a  lease  of  a  part 
of  the  commonjproparty  for  a  mere 

GsNT.  Mag.  Vol.  Aid. 


trifle,  and  the  commune,  in  order  to 
regain  the  use  of  land  which  really  be* 
longs  to  it,  has  to  pay  an  exorbitant 
rent  Another  species  of  oppression 
and  extortion  arises  from  the  abuse  of 
their  trust  by  the  government  officers 
themselves,  and  by  the  Isprtwiiift,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  regulate  uie  billeting  of 
soloiers,  as  well  as  the  amount^  or  la- 
bour and  contributions  in  kind  for 
roads  and  othei^  purposes.  The  Is- 
praonik^  usually  a  petty  noble  of  broken 
fortunes  and  evil  repute,  is  elected  by 
the  landowners  of  the  district ;  and,  to 
repay  them  for  their  votes,  he  throws 
every  burden  he  can  upon  the  peasants 
of  the  crown,  to  the  exemption  of  pri- 
vate property. 

They  also  suffer  from  the  unfair  in- 
cidence of  the  capitation  tax  before 
mentioned,  by  whicb  rich  and  poor  are 
taxed  alike,  without  regard  to  their 
respective  means.  Its  terriUe  oooae- 
auences  may  be  infrrred  frwn  the 
met  that,  during  the  ten  yean  end- 
ing in  1836,  arrears  to  the  amount  of 
67,000,000  roubleswere  remitted,  while 
an  amount  almost  as  great  remained 
suspended,  like  the  swora  of  Damodes, 
over  the  heads  of  the  peasants. 

But  tiie  worst  features  in  theb  con- 
dition, and  those  which  the  government 
is  least  likely  to  remedy,  are  the  con- 
scription, and  the  encouragement  nven 
to  drunkenness.  The  evils  of  the 
former,  which  have  been  frequently 
described,  will  be  augmented  to  an 
unbearable  d^;ree  should  the  ukase  be 
enforced  whi(£  ordains  that  in  March, 
1854,  a  levy  of  nine  men  out  of  every 
thousand  souls  shall  take  F^ee  through* 
out  Western  Russia.  TFhose  of  the 
latter  are  less  known.  In  the  central 
provinces  tiie  farmer  of  the  dutr  on 
spurits  buys  the  assistance  of  the  local 
authorities,  and  between  them  it  is 
arranged  that  all  business  shall  be  car- 
ried on  at  the  public-house,  glass  in 
lumd.'  In  the  other  provinces,  where 
the  farmer  of  the  duty  has  also  an  ex- 
clusive riffht  of  sale  in  his  own  district, 
he  compds  each  commune  to  take  a 
certain  quantity  per  head,  or  die  he 
forces  the  peasants  to  pay  a  certain 
sum  for  permission  to  buy  spirits  dae* 
where,  threatening,  in  case  of  refiisaly 
to  accuse  them  of  a  breach  of  the 
revenue  laws;  and  they  know  that 
whether  innocent  or  ffimtyt  if  once 
aodtted,  thejy  are  rare  tope  oondflBiiied* 

8Q 


482 


The  Inteifuil  State  of  Russia* 


[May, 


The  result  is,  in  the  words  of  Haxt- 
hauaen,  that  **  in  the  provinces  of  Cen- 
tral Russia  the  peasants  arc  seduced 
into  drunkenness,  while  in  the  other 
proyinces  they  are  forced  into  it." 

The  Serfs,  who  from  their  numbers 
are  the  most  important  class  in  Russia, 
owe  their  present  slavery  lo  accident, 
and  to  this  day  their  bondage  has  been 
neither  established  nor  recognised  by 
any  law  or  ordinance.  In  former  times 
the  only  slaves  were  the  descendants 
of  prisoners  of  war,  who  formed  the 
personal  suite  of  the  nobles.  The  pea- 
sants were  free,  and  cultivated  the  soil 
as  yearly  tenants,  who  could  come  and 
ffo  at  pleasure.  It  is  true  that,  when 
liussia  was  divided  into  a  number  of 
petty  states,  each  prince  endeavoured 
to  keep  as  many  subjects  as  ix)ssiblc 
within  his  own  territories;  but  there 
is  no  instance  of  any  further  inter- 
ference with  their  fi-eetlom,  and  even 
this  hindrance  was  brought  to  an  end 
by  the  sword  of  the  'J'atars  and  the 
supremacy  of  Moscow.  In  the  time 
of  the  Czar  Boris  Godounoff,  it  was 
feared  that  the  land  would  cease  to  be 
cultivated,  owing  to  the  dislike  of  the 
peasants  to  agnculturc,  and  to  their 
nabit  of  wandering  to  the  towns  and 
banks  of  rivers  in  search  of  more  con- 
genial employment.  An  ukase  was 
tiierefore  issued  in  I  GO  I,  by  which  they 
were  forbidden  to  removo  from  place 
to  place,  and  were  fixed  for  ever  to 
the  spot  where  they  had  happened  to 
be  on  the  day  of  St.  George  last  passed. 
St.  Cieorgc^s  day  is  still  commemorated 
in  the  songs  of  the  Russian  ])easant8 
as  fatal  to  their  liberty,  although  it 
was  not  till  long  after  that  they  were 
actually  deprived  of  their  |)er8onal 
freedom.  At  first  the  change  was  not 
very  severely  felt,  for,  oa  long  as  agri- 
culture contmued  to  l)e  their  principal 
employment,  the  lord  of  the  soil,  who 
rarely  resided  on  the  spot,  contente<l 
himself  with  a  mo<lerate  rent^  and  felt 
an  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  pea- 
sants, for  he  knew  that  if  they  were 
distressed  or  overtaxed  his  land  would 
go  out  of  cultivation. 

It  was  the  passion  of  Peter  the  (xi-eat 
for  the  introduction  of  European  civi- 
lisation and  luxury,  which  moulded 
serfage  into  its  present  form.  Induced 
by  him,  the  rich  proprietors  built  fac- 
tories, which  they  placed  under  the 
management  of  roroigners,  and  they 


assigned  villages  for  the  saf^Kni  of 
the  workmen  employed  in  them.  These 
were  at  first  their  superfluous  personal 
attendants,  but  their  incorrigible  idle- 
ness soon  led  to  a  change  of  s^stemi 
and  the  lord  ordered  some  of  his  Til- 
lages, in  lieu  of  rent  or  service,  to 
provide  hands  for  the  factories.  TheM 
men,  finding  that  all  their  wants  were 
supplied,  gave  up  every  other  kind  o£ 
ton,  and  the  idea  gradually  becftiiie 
established  that  the  lord  could  dispoie 
of  the  labour  of  his  serf  in  whatever 
manner  he  chose.  But  it  was  quiddy 
discovered  that,  when  the  peasant  wai 
deprived  of  the  stimulus  of  self-kl- 
torcst,  he  lost  his  wonted  activity  and 
intelligence,  and  hence  arose  the  cvi- 
tom  of  allowing  him  to  choose  his  owli 
employment,  on  the  sole  condition  of 
his  paying  an  annual  sum  to  his  ownerw 

The  pro[>rietor  is  bound  to  maintMA 
his  serfs,  or,  if  they  are  employed  in 
agriculture,  he  must  provide  them  with 
land  sufHcient  for  their  support.  Jm 
return,  he  is  entitled  to  either  moiief 
or  service.  In  the  former  oase,  he  ]m,J9 
an  ohrok  or  rent  upon  the  whole  Til- 
lage. In  the  latter  case,  the  peasants 
either  work  for  him  three  days  in  the 
week,  or  they  cultivate  a  portion  of 
the  land  for  his  benefit,  having  amn 
ther  portion  assignetl  to  theu  for  their 
own  maintenance. 

llie  loitl  cannot  adjudge  his  serf  to 
receive  more  than  forty  bfows  with  tfas 
rod,  or  fiflecn  with  the  stick,  but  the 
limitation  is  of  little  value,  as  there  is 
no  authority  to  enforce  it.  The  serf 
Jias  not  the  i>ower  to  make  a  will,  bat 
since  the  year  1 842  his  right  to  enter 
into  a  bargain  or  contract  is  reooc^ 
nised  by  law.  He  can  scarcely  be  said 
to  own  property,  for  all  that  he  fans 
belongs  to  his  lord,  and  can  be  seised 
by  him,  but  custom  and  public  opinion 
forbid  the  exercise  of  this  right.  In- 
dividuals and  whole  villages  souiotiaMas 
purchase  their  freedom;  and,  in  tho 
case  of  the  latter,  their  houses  and 
lands  arc  include<l  in  the  bargain.  We 
learn  from  Haxthausen  tnat  Frinee 
Schcrcmetefi;  who  owns  128,000  sonls^ 
some  of  whom  possess  millions,  has  re* 
ceived  from  80,000  to  100,000  ronUes 
for  the  enfranchisement  of  a  mf/ii$ 
serf;  but  it  ofben  haj^pens  that  neh 
men  prefer  the  protection  of  a  mastBTt 
and  many  of  the  great  proprietors  ti  ~ 
a  pride  in  the  wudth  of  mir  terft. 


1854.] 


The  Internal  State  ofRustw,. 


483 


It  has  been  the  fashion  to  look  upon 
serfage  as  something  totally  different 
from,  slavery,  but  the  opinion  has  no 
better  foundation  than  the  professed 
liberality  of  the  Emperor  Alexander, 
and  the  eagerness  with  which  he  en- 
deavoured, at  the  Congress  of  Vienna, 
to  further  the  views  of  England  in  re- 
gard to  the  slave-trade  treaties.  It  is, 
however,  with  some  surprise  that  we 
find  it  asserted  by  so  favourable  an 
authority  as  Haxthausen,  that  the 
slave-trade  is  allowed  in  Russia  itself. 
He  mentions  that,  at  the  fair  of  Kasan, 
the  merchants  of  Bokhara  annually 
make  large  purchases  of  girls  for  ex- 
port to  Central  Asia,  and  also,  that, 
although  Russia  endeavours  by  all 
means  to  stop  the  so-called  slave-trade 
amongst  the  tribes  of  the  Caucasus 
with  whom  she  is  at  war,  she  sanctions 
it  amongst  those  who  acknowledge  her 
supremacy. 

Herzen  tells  us  that  the  ser&  con- 
sider their  condition  one  of  absolute 
slavery,  and  that  they  make  the  only 
protest  in  their  power  against  it  by 
massacring  the  nobles  and  burning 
their  houses.  He  adds  on  the  authority 
of  public  documents,  that,  down  to  the 
year  1841,  sixty  or  seventy  proprietors 
were  murdered  annually.  The  provo- 
cation must  occasionally  be  very  great; 
for  instance,  when  it  happens  that  not 
only  more  recent  settlers,  but  even 
freemen,  residing  on  lands  cultivated 
by  their  forefathers,  find  themselves 
suddenly  adjudged  to  be  serfs,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  production  of  a  grrant 
made  to  some  favourite  in  a  preceding 
reign,  of  lands  at  the  time  unsurveyed 
and  supposeil  to  be  uninhabited.  % 

The  government  appear  to  have 
committed  a  fatal  oversight  five-and- 
twenty  years  ago,  in  not  limiting  the 
power  of  the  lord  over  his  serf,  before 
they  increased  the  duties  on  imports, 
and  so  gave  a  great  stimulus  to  their 
home  manufactures.  The  necessity  for 
extending  the  protection  of  the  law  to 
the  serfs  working  in  factories  becomes 
every  day  more  pressing,  and  the  con- 
dition of  the  agricultural  serfs  is  also 
growing  worse  and  worse  in  conse- 
quence of  mortgages,  cases  of  joint- 
ownership  of  villages,  and  even  of 
families,  and,  still  more,  the  transfer  of 
estates  from  the  old  nobles  to  new  men. 

The  Cossacks,  who  owe  their  im- 
I>ortauce  not  to  Uieir  numbers  but  to 


their  character,  may  materially  influ- 
ence the  future  fortunes  of  Russia, 
either  for  good  or  for  evil.  Even  Haxt- 
hausen, who  sees  every  act  of  the 
government  in  the  moat  favourable 
light,  declares  that  the  attempt  to  abo- 
lish their  privil^es  is  fraught  with 
danger,  and  he  earnestly  recommends 
the  Uzar,  in  spite  of  apparent  success 
amongst  the  Little  Russian  Cossacks  of 
the  Volga  and  the  Ukraine,  to  abstain 
from  interference  with  those  of  the 
Don  and  the  Ural.  He  describes  them 
as  the  freest  people  in  Europe,  and 
states  that  they  possess  the  most  com- 
plete internal  liberty.  Neither  Czar 
nor  noble  can  hold  land  in  their  terri- 
tories, and  far  from  paying  taxes,  they, 
on  the  contrary,  receive  allowances  for 
their  chiefs,  and  for  the  widows  and 
orphans  of  those  slain  in  battle. 

Every  Cossack  between  the  ages  of 
fifteen  and  fifty-five  is  liable  to  miU<« 
tary  service,  and  is  bound  to  provide 
his  own  arms  and  horse,  and  must 
maintain  himself  whilst  employed  in 
his  own  distriot,  but,  when  beyond  it, 
he  is  supplied  by  the  government  with 
forage,  rations,  and  a  small  amount  of 
pay.  They  formerly  elected  their  Het- 
man  and  officers,  but  these  are  now 
appointed  by  the  Czar,  and  it  is  not 
usual  to  find  a  Cossack  entrusted  with 
the  former  post.  When  the  Hetman 
receives  an  order  to  raise  a  contingent, 
he  summons  all  those  who  are  fit  for 
service  to  the  market-place.  They 
then  ascertain  what  proportion  the 
number  required  bears  to  those  from 
whom  they  are  to  be  selected,  and  if, 
for  instance,  it  proves  to  be  one  in 
three,  they  separate  into  groups  of 
three.  One  of  these  says,  "I  will  give 
so  much  not  to  serve;''  the  others  then 
say  what  the^  will  give  to  be  exempt ; 
and  the  biddings  are  continued  till  one 
of  them  says,  "  I  can  ofier  no  more,  I 
must  go,"  and  he  is  entitlfd  to  the 
sums  named  by  the  others.  In  1837, 
the  Cossacks  of  the  Ural  having  already 
dispatched  to  the  army  of  the  Caucasus 
two-thirds  of  their  men  liable  to  ser^* 
vice,  had  only  3,300,  out  of  about 
12,000,  at  home,  when  owing  to  the 
exigencies  of  the  war,  they  suddenly 
received  an  order  to  furnish  an  addi- 
tional 2,200  men.  In  three  weeks  the 
four  regiments  of  550  men  each  were 
mounted  and  equipped,  and  the  1,100 
rich  CosMcks  who  remained  at  hoonQ 


484 


The  Internal  State  of  Russia. 


[May, 


had  paid  down  in  a  few  days  the  incre- 
dible sum  of  1,500,000  roubles  to  the 
newly-raised  recruits. 

In  ordinary  times  the  Cossacks 
furnish  for  police  and  military  duty 
126,000  men  and  224  pieces  of  artil- 
lery, but  these  figures  may  be  enor- 
mously and  almost  instantaneously  in- 
creased. In  some  cases,  where  nearly 
all  the  men  have  been  destroyed,  the 
tribe  has  been  compelled  to  receive 
colonists  drafted  from  other  parts  of 
the  empire.  Thus,  in  the  years  1 809- 
11,  the  Emperor  Alexander  compelled 
the  Black  Sea  Cossacks  to  receive 
amongst  them  20,000  strangers,  and, 
as  a  large  proportion  of  these  fell  vic- 
tims to  the  climate,  25,000  more  were 
sent  to  the  Kuban  in  1825. 

Although  their  name  comes  to  them 
from  a  Tartar  tribe,  which  was  to  be 
found  at  the  foot  of  the  Caucasus  a 
thousand  years  ago,  the  Cossacks  are 
mainly  of  Russian  blood,  dashed,  in- 
deed, with  that  of  Turks,  Poles,  Serbs, 
and  Tartars.  The  greater  part  of  them 
are  Starovirtze,  or  Members  of  the  old 
faith,  that  is  to  say,  they  belong  to  the 
Greek,  but  not  to  the  Russian  Church. 
They  have  a  strong  sympathy  with 
their  brethren  in  faith,  who  are  scat- 
tered throughout  both  Great  and 
Little  Russia.  The  latter  have  resisted 
every  influence  that  has  been  brought 
to  bear  upon  them,  from  the  time  when 
Peter  abolished  the  Patriarchate,  and 
neither  persecution  nor  concession  can 
make  them  conform  to  the  Imperial 
State  Church.  They  hold  to  ancient 
customs,  not  in  religion  only,  but  in  all 
things,  and  the  government  dreads  the 
unseen  opposition  of  the  Starovirtzd, 
whenever  it  is  meditating  any  religious 
innovation  or  internal  change. 

Great  as  have  been  the  services  of 
the  Cossacks  from  the  time  of  Jermak 
down  to  the  present  day,  they  are  now 
more  necessary  to  Russia  than  ever. 
They  are  her  only  efficient  warriors  in 
the  Caucasus ;  they  afford  a  cheap  and 
faithful  guard  for  her  advanced  posts 
and  extended  frontier  in  Asia;  and 


they  furnish  an  internal  police  which 
could  scarcely  be  replaced,  as  her 
other  Christian  populations  have  a 
strong  aiy;ipathy  to  mount  a  horse.  But 
the  destruction  of  their  independence 
has  been  determined  on ;  the  Govern* 
ment,  however,  in  carrying  out  its 
measures  has  met  with  a  decided  check, 
and  found  it  necessary  to  wait  for  a 
more  favourable  opportunity.  About 
ten  years  ago,  an  ukase  was  issued 
abolishing  the  privileges  of  the  Don 
Cossacks  and  assimilating  their  terri- 
tories to  the  rest  of  the  empire.  A 
rumour,  however,  is  said  to  have 
reached  the  Government  that,  in  spite 
of  the  absence  of  the  Hetman  witb  a 
large  contingent  purposely  withdrawn 
to  a  distant  frontier,  the  deputy-het- 
man,  with  50,000  horsemen,  was  pre-* 
paring  to  ride  to  Moscow  for  the  purpose 
of  laying  a  humble  remonstrance  at 
the  feet  of  the  Czar ;  the  conseauence 
was  that  the  ukase  was  explained  away 
as  a  mistake,  and  the  English  papen 
published  the  ukase  and  its  withurawal 
within  a  few  weeks  of  one  another. 

Gigantic  as  appears  the  aggressive 
force  which  Russia  possesses  against 
Europe,  it  is  out  of  her  power  to  carry 
on  war  on  a  grand  scale  in  the  East, 
owing  to  the  immense  difficulties  of 
transporting  men  and  stores  across  the 
almost  desert  steppes.  Nor  is  this  im- 
pediment diminishing.  On  the  con- 
trary,  the  depopulation  of  her  southern 
provinces  is  said  to  be  rapidly  increas- 
ing. Although  her  military  colonieSi 
formed  with  but  little  regard  to 
humanity,*  have  in  some  instances 
succeeded,  it  has  been  at  a  fabulous 
cost ;  and  their  numbers  do  not  make 
up  for  a  twentieth  part  of  the  thousandb 
who  have  taken  refuge  in  Turkey. 
The  Tatars  of  southern  Russia  are  by 
this  means  reduced  to  300,000;  and 
the  descendonts  of  the  Zaporavian  Cos- 
sacks, who  fled  across  the  Danube  when 
Potemkin  transported  their  brethren 
to  the  Kuban,  are  at  this  moment  form- 
ing part  of  the  army  under  Omar 
Pasha.    But  the  most  wonderful  erent 


*  **  The  terrible  history  of  the  military  colonies  tells  as  what  the  Raisian  peasant 
is  when  attacked  in  his  last  stronghold.  To  carry  out  the  plans  of  the  liberal  Alex- 
ander, villages  were  taken  by  assault — the  exasperation  of  the  peasants. reached  to  uuA 
a  pitch  that  they  slew  their  children  to  rescue  them  from  odious  institutions  fbreed 
upon  them  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  The  government,  enraged  at  oppositioD, 
condemned  these  brave  men  to  die  under  the  rod,  but  the  bloody  insurrectioa  of  the 
Siaraia  Rouasa  in  1831,  proved  how  indomitable  was  the  spirit  of  this  uufoitanate 
people.'* — Dn,  JMvetoppement  de$  idiei  Revolutionairei  en  RutHe, 


1854.] 


J%«  Internal  State  ofRweia. 


485 


of  this  kind  which  occurs  in  Russian 
history  happened  in  1771,  when  a 
body  of  Calmucks,  amounting,  with 
their  women  and  children,  to  nearly 
half  a  million,  fled  from  the  banks  of 
the  Volga  in  the  depth  of  winter,  pre- 
ferring to  face  the  most  appalling 
dangers,  rather  than  remain  within  the 
boundaries  of  Russia.  Animated  by 
despair,  they  continued  their  flight 
during  ten  months  of  intolerable  hard- 
ship, fighting  almost  continually  gainst 
the  armies  and  tribes  which  Russia 
moved  against  them.  At  length,  afler 
they  were  reduced  to  one-half  of  their 
original  numbers,  the  flight  and  pur- 
suit were  brought  to  a  termination  by 
their  crossing  the  Chinese  frontier  near 
the  Lake  of  Baikal,  where  they  were 
received  by  the  authorities  of  the  Ce- 
lestial Empire  with  instant  protection 
and  generous  hospitality. 

Levchine  *  gives  a  remarkable  in- 
stance of  the  means  to  which  Russia 
does  not  scruple  to  resort,  in  order  to 
keep  down  one  population  by  the  aid  of 
another,  perhaps  equally  discontented. 
In  1755  the  Baskirs,  who  had  made  an 
unsuccessful  revolt  eleven  years  before, 
in  the  course  of  which  nearly  all  their 
villages  had  been  burnt,  and  forty 
thousand  of  their  men  destroyed,  found 
their  condition  so  intolerable,  that  they 
again  took  up  arms.  The  moment  was 
one  of  imminent  danger  to  Russia,  and 
a  single  reverse  would  have  entailed 
the  loss  of  every  post  along  the  frontier, 
except  perhaps  Orenburg  itself;  for 
the  Tatars  of  Kazan  and  the  hordes  of 
the  Kirghiz  were  on  the  point  of  join- 
ing the  Baskirs  in  striking  a  blow  for 
liberty  and  the  Prophet.  Neplouieff, 
the  Governor  of  Orenburg,  instantly 
summoned  reinforcements  from  the 
Cossacks  of  the  Don  and  the  Calmucks 
of  the  Ural.  He  also  armed  several 
neighbouring  tribes,  and  at  the  same 
time  took  another  measure,  whick  the 
Russian  historian  describes  as  cruelf  hut 
indispensable.     He  says : 

Neplouieff  found  it  necessary,  for  the 
safety  of  the  frontier,  to  place  an  irrecon- 
cileable  feud  between  the  Baskirs  and  the 
Kirghiz ;  and,   although   he    would  have 


preferred  a  more  hamane  method,  he  felt 
himself  compelled  to  yield  to  circumstances, 
and  to  proclaim  to  the  khan  and  saltans 
of  the  Kirghiz,  that,  as  a  reward  for  their 
fidelity  and  devotion  to  Russia,  the  Em- 
press had  conferred  upon  them  the  wives 
and  daughters  of  the  Baskirs,  who  had 
been  sent  amongst  them  for  security.  The 
Kirghiz  eagerly  seized  upon  their  prey, 
and  the  Baskirs,  maddened  with  rage  and 
jealousy,  thought  only  of  vengeance.  They 
demanded  permission  from  Neplouieff  to 
cross  the  Ural.  He  refused  to  grant  it ; 
but,  at  the  same  time,  sent  secret  orders 
to  the  commandants  of  the  various  forts, 
to  take  no  notice  of  any  bodies  of  men, 
who  should  attempt  to  cross  the  river. 
Taking  advantage  of  the  pretended  negli- 
gence of  the  guards  the  Baskirs  crossed 
over  into  the  steppes,  and  began  to 
massacre  the  men  and  to  carry  off  the 
women  of  the  Kirghiz.  The  latter  flew  to 
arms,  in  self-defence,  and  the  work  of 
mutual  slaughter  was  carried  on,  until 
Neplouieff  judged  that  both  tribes  were 
sufficiently  exhausted.  He  then  took  mea- 
sures which  put  a  stop  to  the  effusion  of 
blood,  but  the  hatred  between  the  two 
races  continues  undiminished  to  this  day. 

From  such  incidents  as  these,  it  may 
be  inferred  that  Russia  contains  vast 
masses  of  unwilling  subjects,  and  is  by 
no  means  exempt  from  the  dangers  of 
internal  convulsion,  should  she  ever 
be  so  pressed  abroad  as  to  offer  a 
chance  of  successful  insurrection,  not 
only  to  the  Poles  and  the  Cossacka,  but 
also  to  the  Baskirs  and  other  Tatar 
tribes.  Golovin  f  makes  a  powerful 
appeal  to  our  fears,  when  he  declares 
tnat  "Tartary,  that  nursery  of  in- 
vaders, which  extends  from  the  Caspian 
Sea  to  China,  and  which  overflows  with 
inhabitants,  might,  if  aroused  by  Russia 
in  a  year  of  short  pasturage,  throw 
masses  of  warriors  upon  India.**  But 
there  is  no  Hindoo- Koosh  between  the 
steppes  of  Tartary  and  the  plains  of 
Russia,! — and  should  an  A^han  or 
Tatar  con(]^ueror  seize  upon  a  moment 
when  Russia  was  pre- occupied  by  war, 
or  distracted  by  rebellion,  he  would 
And  but  little  to  prevent  his  repeating 
the  invasion  of  tne  Mongols,  and  en- 
riching the  hordes  of  Asia  with  the 
spoils  of  Troitza  and  the  Kremlin. 


*  See  Description  dea  Hordes  et  des  Steppes  des  Kirghix-Kazaks,  by  Levchine,  who 
quotes  from  the  diary  of  a  Russian  officer  engaged  in  the  pursuit,  and  also  from  an 
account  of  the  flight  written  by  a  Chinese  Prince,  and  translated  by  M.  Lipotsof. 

t  The  CaucastiSy  by  Ivan  Golovin. 

X  Even  so  lately  as  in  the  reign  of  the  Empress  Elizabeth,  a  Tatar  invasion  was 
seriously  apprehended. 


486 


[M^y. 


THE  DIGGINGS  AT  GLOUCESTER. 
By  John  Clakkb,  Eao.  Architect. 


THE  recent  excavatiooa  at  Kingaholm, 
near  Gloaoester»  have  drawn  some  little 
attention  to  the  subject  of  local  antiqoi- 
tiet,  and  have  clearly  determined  the^  site 
of  an  ancient  cemetery.  In  my  Architec- 
tural Hiatory  of  Gloucester,  publiahed  in 
1850, 1  mentioned  the  discoveries  of  coins, 
stone  coffins,  legionary  swords,  lachryma- 
tories, and  other  funereal  relics,  which 
marked  this  spot  as  a  place  of  sepulture, 
and  I  also  defined  its  extent,  viz.  from 
Wotton  to  Kingsholm .  Since  that ,  further 
discoveries  have  been  made  and  communi- 
cated to  this  Magazine  by  myself*  and 
others,  and  the  question  of  the  cemetery  is 
now  permanently  settled.  But  1  have  a 
word  to  say  with  regard  to  Mr.  Akerman*s 
remarks  recently  read  to  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries,  and  rqiorted  in  last  January's 

number. 

Mr.  Akerman  does  not  think  that  Kings- 
holm  wss  ever  the  site  of  a  palace  of  Uie 
Saxon  kings,  but  merely  a  river  island, 
occupied  at  some  distant  time  by  an  army. 
Now,  whether  a  paiact  stood  there  cannot 
be  determined,  but  that  some  kind  of 
building  (probably  fortified)  occupied  the 
site  of  the  Kingtholm  Clote  cannot  be 
doubted  by  any  one  who  looks  at  this 
spot  attentively,  or  has  known  it  for  many 

years. 

The  Kingsholm  Close  is  n  large  field 
out  of  sighjk  of  the  main  road,  and  nearly 
a  hundred  yards  distant  from  the  spot 
where  the  principal  numbers  of  coins,  &c. 
were  discovered.  Remains  of  a  ditch  are 
plainly  visible  on  each  side  of  it,  and  on 
the  western  side  a  branch  of  the  Severn 
ran  in  former  times.  The  field  is  con- 
siderably higher  than  the  surrounding 
country,  and  during  the  late  flood  was 
literally  an  island.  But  this  eminence  is 
evidently  not  all  natural,  for  the  form  is  so 
regular,  and  the  angles  so  sharp,  thst  we 
must  conclude  that  art  has  been  calked  in 
to  aid  and  assist  the  handiwork  of  nature  ; 
and,  independently  of  the  mere  elevation  of 
the  soil,  in  that  elevation  I  can  distinctly 
trace  the  outline  of  a  large 
building,  something  in 
this  shape,  though  no- 
thing but  green  mounds 
mark  its  site. 

Viewed  from  the  "Lit- 
tle Meadow,"  (as  it   b 
called,  though  it  is  a  very 
large  field  on  the  west  side  of  the  close,) 
the  mound  has  an  extremely  terrace-like 


a 


appearance,  not  at  all  similar  to  a  iMtiinl 
hillock.  Added  to  this  I  can  state  the 
fact  that  remains  of  ttonework  actaallj 
existed,  not  ft*om  my  own  obtervatioDp 
but  fi'om  the  evidence  of  those  who  re* 
membered  them  some  fifty  years  ago.  So 
much  for  Kingsholm,  at  which  nothinr 
particularly  interesting  has  been  diiooveitd 
since  my  last  communication. 

The  excavations  for  the  sewerage,  thomi^ 
extensive  in  their  nature  and  carried  to  a 
very  great  depth,  have  not  brought  eay 
particularly  new  facts  to  light,  but  lenred 
principally  to  confirm  what  we  alreadf 
know  and  have  conjectured  about  the  an* 
cient  state  of  the  city  ;  and  thia  may  be 
accounted  for  by  the  trenches  having  aa 
yet  been  only  made  up  the  centres  of  die 
streets,  consequently  missing  the  pave- 
ments, &c.  that  might  be  found  under  the 
present  houses ;  for,  except  in  one  instanee^ 
it  has  been  invariably  ascertained  that  Ctte* 
vum  corresponded  in  its  main  plan  with  mo* 
dern  Gloucester.  As  yet  the  works  have aol 
approached  the  centre  of  the  city.    When 
they  do  we  hope  to  find  more  relics  of  the 
past.     In  the  Northgato  Street,  for  the 
space  of  about  three  hundred  yards,  the 
old  Roman  road  was  discovered,  about  tea 
feet  six  inches  below  the  surface.     It  wai 
composed   of  stones  of  irregular  shape, 
bedded  in  cement  or  very  fine  mortar,  as 
a  layer  of  concrete ;  and  so  hard  and  com- 
pact was  its  structure  that  the  worknee 
were  obliged  to  use  great  exertions  to 
break  it  with  their  pickaxes.    Strange^ 
enough,  four    large    squared   planks  ol 
charred  wood  were  found  near  a  place  bf 
which  the  river  Twiver  formerly  croawd 
the  street,  placed  transversely  and  at  eqvd 
distances.    The  depth  at  which  they  oc- 
curred evinces  their  antiquity;  and  their 
accurate  adjustment  also  shews  that  they 
must  have  been  placed  in  their  poaitioa 
for  some  definite  purpose.    I  account  for 
it  thus — that  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
streaei  was  marshy,  and  that  the  planike 
may  have  been  used  as  a  sort  of  bond  fM 
keeping  the  surface  of  the  road  in  an  even 
state. 

Several  Roman  remains  were  found  in 
Worcester  Street  and  in  Nortfagate  Street ; 
amongst  others,  fragments  of  an  enor- 
mous vase,  the  top,  bottom,  and  two  han- 
dles of  which  are  alone  preserved.  It 
seemed  to  be  a  large  water  ewer.  Seroal 
other  smaller  fragments  of  pottery,  dec* 
were  found  under  the  surface  of  the  road, 


*  See  our  Magasiue  for  July  1853,  p.  39. 


1854.]      A  Sonnet  tributary  to  the  Poet  Bernard  Barton,  487 


thus  shewing  that  they  were  of  earlier 
date. 

Of  mediaeval  and  other  relics  several  of 
interest  have  been  discovered.  In  the 
lower  part  of  the  Westgate  Street,  or 
rather  in  a  merchant's  yard  adjoining^ 
several  encaustic  tiles  of  great  beauty  were 
discovered  about  six  feet  beneath  the  sur- 
face. They  were  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
and  most  probably  belonged  to  some  large 
hall  or  private  house,  no  eoclesiastiod 
building  having  occupied  the  site. 

The  foundations  of  the  North  Gate  gave 
considerable  trouble  to  the  workmen,  for 
they  were  like  solid  rock,  and  were  very 
deep  and  extensive.  At  the  site  of  the 
lower  North  Gate  the  walla  were  found 
entire,  and  the  whole  line  of  excavation, 
in  a  transverse  direction,  was  thickly  sown 
with  sculls  and  human  bones ;  and  this  is 
not  to  be  wondered  at  when  we  consider 
the  hot  skirmishing  which  took  place  on 
that  side  of  the  city  during  the  siege. 

There  is  one  important  fsct  I  wish  to 
notice  before  I  conclude,  and  that  is  the 
difference  between  the  ancient  and  present 
level  of  the  city  of  Gloucester.  Roman 
remains  are  found  generally  ten,  some- 
times fifteen,  feet  below  the  modem  sur- 


face. The  floor  of  St.  Nicholas  church  is 
at  least  six  feet ;  and  an  encaustic  floor 
lately  found  was  in  a  still  lower  position 
with  regard  to  the  river.  The  stones  and 
ring,  which  evidently  formed  part  of  the 
Roman  quay,  were  said  to  be  twenty  feet 
below  the  surface,  but  this  I  think  exag- 
gerated. Nevertheless,  they  were  far  bdow 
the  present  level  of  the  river  at  high  water. 
Now  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  all  these 
facts  show  that  the  bed  of  the^river  has 
gradually  been  filling  up  to  an  extent  we  can 
hardly  calculate,  and  that  the  high  floods, 
which  for  the  last  hundred  years  have 
annually  submerged  the  country  adjoining 
the  river,  are  comparatively  of  modern 
occurrence.  The  fact  of  the  Abbey  Chnrcfa 
having  been  rebuilt  on  a  site  farther  from 
the  river  than  that  on  which  it  originally 
stood  shews  that,  in  the  time  of  the 
Saxons,  annoyanoe  began  to  be  expe- 
rienced ;  inde^,  had  it  been  so  before, 
the  floors  of  most  of  liie  chnrehes  woold 
yearly  have  been  submerged  under  eig^ 
or  nine  feet  of  water.  But  these  facts  I 
leave  for  geologists  to  deeide  upon,  ho|)ing 
next  month  to  have  more  to  oommnnicate 
on  the  subject  of  Gloucester  antiquities. 


A  SONNET,  TRIBUTARY  TO  THE  POET  BERNARD  BARTON. 

With  thy  sweet  verse  «8  with  thyself  I  walk, 

B.VBTON,  and  list  thy  hush  for  whirring, 

Sofl  as  the  waving  of  an  AngeUs  wing, 

To  tad  the  quiet  of  thy  bosom-talk. 

"With  folded  arm  thou  art  prepared  to  dwell 

Within  thyself  retired ;  whilst  thoa  dost  woo 

That  calmness  of  the  breast,  which  may  subdae 

The  tumults  throbbing  in  its  inmost  cell. 

My  thought,  led  captive  at  the  poet*8  will, 

Follows  accordant,  and  the  soothed  soul 

Owns  the  o'erpowering  of  thy  control. 

While  the  whelm'd  heart  the  foster'd  raptures  fill. 

The  lustrous  beaming  of  thy  heavenward  eye 

Tells  how  thy  spirit  bides  its  ecstacy. 


jfreret/J?,  Cornwall, 


C.  y.  LsGmgb. 


488 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVAN  US  URBAN. 


Answer  to  Oxonibnsis. — Tub  Oxford  Sbftuagint. 


Mr.  Vrbas,—**  It  happenSf  perhapt 
not  to  the  credit  of  aacred  literature 
either  in  England  or  on  the  continent,  that 
no  attempt  has  been  made,  to  any  great 
extent  at  least,  to  make  a  critical  revision 
qf  this  important  version.  Although  the 
task  wotdd  be  an  extremely  difficult  one, 
and  a  perfect  work  could  hardly  be  eS' 
peeled  from  the  labours  of  a  single  indi" 
vidual,  still  it  is  to  be  lamented  that  so 
little  has  yet  been  done.^^  Such  is  the 
apology  which,  I  will  not  say  my  antagonist, 
bnt  my  advocate,  has  generously  provided 
for  me  in  your  last  number.  I  cannot 
find  it  in  my  heart,  after  such  an  acknow- 
ledgment, to  adopt  the  tone  of  controversy, 
or  scarcely  to  allude  to  some  harsh  ex- 
pressions in  his  defence,  against  what  he 
terms,  '*  an  unprovoked  attack.*'  Had  he 
been  strictly  an  unknown  correspondent, 
I  might,  perhaps,  have  been  betrayed 
into  the  language  of  recrimination ;  but, 
when  I  entertain  no  doubt  that  this  candid 
and  important  confession  has  proceeded 
from  one  of  no  inferior  authority  than 
the  Dean  of  Christchurch  and  the  Regius 
Professor  of  Greek  at  Oxford,  and  who 
is,  unquestionably,  the  most  learned  Greek 
scholar  in  the  kingdom,  I  feel  too  much 
honoured  by  his  notice,  and  too  much  gra- 
tified by  his  admission,  to  indulge  in  one 
angry  expression. 

As  it  would  not  b3  respectful,  however, 
to  pass  by  in  silence  the  animadversions 
of  your  distinguished  correspondent,  per- 
mit me  briefly,  Mr.  Urban,  and  I  hope 
dispassionately,  to  advert  to  his  leading 
propositions.  ''  It  is  clear,"  he  says,  *'  to 
any  man  of  common  sense,  that  the  mere 
position  of  the  apocryphal  books  does  not 
in  the  slightest  degree  affect  their  authen- 
ticity, or  endow  them  with  any  authority 
beyond  what  they  legitimately  possess." 
To  a  few  recluse  critics  this  assertion  may 
be  theoretically  true  ;  but  it  does  not  hold 
good  in  regard  to  the  great  majority  of 
mankind.  Ever  since  the  Reformation, 
the  position  of  these  books  has  been  a 
subject  of  dispute,  and  a  line  of  demarca- 
tion between  Protestants  and  Papists.  It 
is  not  for  the  University  of  Oxford  to  insult 
the  feelings  of  our  people,  or  to  defy  the 
decisions  of  our  Church.  Greek  MSS. 
cannot  be  pleaded  against  English  Articles. 
The  Sixth  Article  has  once,  and  for  ever, 
prescribed  to  all  members  of  the  Anglican 
Church  the  exact  order  in  which  our  Bibles 
are  to  be  arranged. 
5 


Nor  let  it  be  supposed  this  decision 
peculiar  to  our  national  Church.  It 
the  echo  of  Luther  and  Melancthon.  No 
sooner  had  Luther*B  German  yerrion  ap- 
peared, than  the  same  Protestant  dispod- 
tion  of  the  books  became  the  mark  and 
token  of  all  Protestant  editions  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  The  editors  of  the  LXX.  had 
the  honour  of  being  amongst  his  earlieit 
followers.  Lonicerus,  as  we  have  already 
noticed,  led  the  way  at  Strasburgh,  in 
1526.  The  more  illustrious  MelancUion 
followed  in  the  Basil  Edition  of  1548. 
Though  both  these  editors  followed  the 
text  of  the  Aldine  in  1518,  they  rerened 
the  order  of  that  edition,  and  substitnted 
the  order  of  Luther.  Magnanimi  HerSbs  I 
They  spurned  the  thraldom  of  Monkiih 
copyists,  and  asserted  that  "  liberty  with 
which  the  Gospel  had  made  them  free.*' 
Your  readers,  Mr.  Urban,  are  already  ac- 
quainted with  the  preface  of  the  former 
editor.  Melancthon  has  thus  discrimi- 
nated between  the  canonical  and  uncano- 
nical,  AnOKPY4»AI  AI  HAP  EBPAl- 
OIS  EK  TOY  TON  ASCIOniXTON 
APIOMOY  SrrKAeiXTANTAI. 

The  learned  Professor  also  defende  the 
plan  of  this  Oxford  impression  of  the 
LXX.  from  the  sudden  demand  of  a  cheap 
and  portable  edition.  But  as  more  than 
thirty  years  had  passed  away  lince  the 
last  edition  in  1817,  we  must  recur  to  hia 
own  confession,  it  is  to  be  lamented  m 
little  had  been  done.  Nor  can  the  plan  that 
hastily  adopted  be  admitted  as  the  best, 
"  under  all  circumstances."  Surely,  it 
would  have  been  far  better  to  have  adoplled 
Grabe's  printed  text  (which  may  be  ooo- 
sidered  the  Alexandrine,  having  been  re- 
printed both  at  Moscow  and  Athens), 
than  to  adhere  to  the  Alexandrian  MS.  ■• 
represented  in  his  larger  type,  or  aa  trant- 
cribed  in  the  fac-simile  of  Mr.  Baber.  It 
is  not  the  object  of  a  cheap  and  portable 
edition,  to  exhibit  the  contents  of  a  singk 
MS.  but  to  furnish  the  reader  with  a  cor- 
rect and  useful  text— <to  rectify  disloca- 
tions, to  fill  up  lacuna,  and  to  amend  In- 
correct stichometry.  Now,  although  this 
would  not  provide  **  a  perfect  work,"  and 
though  any  intelligent  bible-cKrk  might 
have  performed  "  the  task,"  yet  it  wonld 
have  been  a  wondrous  advance  on  the 
actual  edition  of  1848. 

When  the  learned  Professor  speaks  of 
the  '*  perfect  work,*'  and  the  "  eztrsme 
difficulty  of  the  task,"  he  must  advert  to 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


489 


the  *'  critical  revision  "  of  text,  which,  no 
doubt,  would  demand,  not  only  care  and 
industry,  but  critical  talent  of  the  highest 
order,  and  such,  perhaps,  as  few  others 
but  himself  could  fully  furnish.  But  it  is 
"  the  outside  of  the  cup  and  the  platter  " 
which  must  be  first  cleaned.  We  must 
begin  at  the  beginning,  and  that  is  not  far, 
or  hard  to  find. — Count  your  fingers,  and 
arrange  the  arithmetic  of  chapter  and 
verse.  Look  well  to  the  end  of  Exodus, 
and  consult  Grabe,  or  rather  the  elder 
Wetstein,*  on  the  numerous  dislocations 
in  the  four  concluding  chapters.  Proceed 
to  the  dislocations  throughout  the  third 
book  of  Kings,  which  are  too  many  and 
complicated  to  be  enumerated.  They  may 
be  rectified  by  Bos,  Grabe,  or  the  Complu- 
tensian.  Expel  the  spurious  parts  of  Esther, 
bracket  the  end  of  Job,  and  the  ISlst 
Psalm,  and  the  short  preface  to  the  "  La- 
mentations." Rectify  the  dislocations  in 
Jeremiah.  Free  Daniel  from  Susanna  and 
the  Dragon,  &c.  and  you  will  have  done 
much  to  purify  the  LXX.  And  all  this 
may  be  easily  accomplished  by  consulting 
Grabe  and  Bos,  and  the  Scholia  of  Bishop 
Pearson ;  above  all,  by  collating  the  Com- 
plutensian  text,  as  printed  in  the  Antwerp 
Polyglott.  Such  an  edition  would  be  greeted 
as  the  first  instalment  due  to  the  LXX. 
For  "  the  perfect  work  "  we  must  be  con- 
tent to  wait  till  **  the  dead  men's  bones,'' 
collected  by  Messrs.  Holmes  and  Parsons, 
have  been  carefully  sorted  and  examined. 
Hie  labor  I    Hoc  opua  ! 

1.  With  respect  to  my  objection  in 
retaining  the  spurious  curse,  Deut.  xxvii. 
23,  as  though  it  really  existed  in  the  Va- 
tican MS.  I  cannot,  with  all  deference, 
perceive  the  force  of  the  learned  Professor's 
defence.  It  is  not  easy  to  understand 
what  is  meant  by  The  Vatican  recension. 
So  far  as  we  know  anything  about  the 
edition  of  1586,  we  must  confide  on  the 
Preface  prefixed  to  that  edition.  It  states, 
that  it  was  chiefly  based  on  a  codex  sup- 
posed to  be  more  than  1200  years  old,  and 
consequently  before  the  time  of  Jerome. 
Now  it  is  impossible  to  believe  that  such  a 
codex  contained  this  spurious  curse,  which 
is  not  alluded  to  by  Jerome,  or  any  of  the 
early  Fathers.  It  must,  therefore,  have 
been  either  introduced  from  some  of  the 
other  MSS.  which  they  consulted,  or  be 
an  interpolation  in  the  Vatican  codex.  With 


such  convictions,  I  stated  that  it  ought 
either  to  have  been  omitted,  or  stigmatised 
with  an  obelus.  I  cannot  admit  that  the 
adherence  to  a  bad  plan,  though  "  stated 
on  the  title-page,"  is  any  justification  of 
allowing  a  spurious  curse  to  remain  unno- 
ticed in  the  text. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  no  allusion 
was  made  to  this  'passage  in  the  evidence 
given  before  the  Committee  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  on  the  question  respecting 
the  marriage  of  a  deceased  wife's  sister. 
Though  Cardinal  Wiseman  and  Doctor 
Pusey  entered  into  the  most  elaborate  de- 
tails and  references  to  ancient  councils, 
yet  neither  of  them  made  any  allusion  to 
this  spurious  curse  in  the  Roman  edition 
of  the  LXX  !  In  vain  have  I  solicited  the 
Cardinal  to  examine  the  codex  at  the  Va- 
tican, and  to  report  on  this  curious  ques- 
tion—the oracle  is  dumb.  There  is  every 
i^ason  to  conclude  it  is  a  base  interpola- 
tion, introduced  to  sanction  the  traffic  of 
Papal  dispensations,  and  consequently  it 
ought  either  to  be  obliterated,  bracketed, 
or  marked  with  an  obelus. — ^There  cannot 
be  ^'rnuch  doubt",  attaching  to  sach  a 
passage. 

2.  The  same  remark  applies  to  **  the 
interpolation  in  Psalm  xiii.  3."  This 
**  interpolation  '*  is  taken  verbatim  from 
Rom.  iii.  13 — 18.  It  is  evidently  nothing 
more  than  a  giott  of  some  well-meaning, 
but  officious  copyist.  It  is  hard  to  believe 
that  it  exists  in  this  very  ancient  codex ; 
but,  whether  there  or  not,  as  a  glo»$  it 
ought  to  have  been  inclosed  in  brackets. 
Strange  to  say,  the  learned  Thomas  Gale 
has  foisted  it  into  the  text  of  his  Alex- 
andrine edition  of  the  Psalms,  Oxford, 
16781 

3.  The  next  animadversion  of  Oxonl- 
ensis  relates  to  that  strange  medley  of 
odes  and  prayers  at  p.  1259  of  this  edi- 
tion. I  objected  to  all  notice  of  such  odes 
and  prayers,  whether  Scriptural  or  Apocry- 
phal, as  entirely  foreign  to  ''  any  cheap 
and  portable  edition;"  but  my  main  ob- 
jection was  to  the  profane  ascription, 
npotrevxT)  Ttjc  Mapia^  r^f  OtoroKov, 
I  am  still  of  opinion  that  such  an  idolatrous 
title  should  not  have  been  introduced,  as 
Potior  varietat  codicit  AUxandrini. 

4.  To  the  next  charge  I  at  once  plead 
"  guilty."  I  inadvertently  overlooked 
"  the  table ''  for  rectifying  the  misplaced 


*  As  a  specimen,  we  copy  his  corrections  of  chapters  xxxvi.  and  zzzvii.  **  Versos 
septem  priores  concordant  cum  Hebr. ;  reliqua,  ad  finem  usque,  transposita  sunt  ex 
c.  xxxix.  k  V.  1.  usque  ad  v.  31,  inclusive:  mutilato  tantUm  versu  3.  Cap.  xxxvii. 
intricatius  est :  ejus  initium  petitur  ex  c.  xxxvi.  Heb.  ▼.  8,  ex  parte  truncato,  et  v.  9  : 
post,  omissis  25  versibus.  saltum  facit  ad  v.  35  ejusd.  cap.  36,  subjungens  ▼.  36,  37, 
38,  mox  assuit  ex  c.  xxxviii.  v.  9,  10,  11  et  12  (hos  duos  mutilat),  13,  14,  usque  ad 
23  inclusive.  Orig.  cont.  Marc.  Batilj  1634,  p.  195.— The  notes  of  Wetstein  are  very 
valuable.     These  corrections  may  also  be  found  in  Grabe  J>e  Ft/t'tt  LXX,  p.  10. 

Gent,  Mao.  Vol,  XLI.  3  R 


490 


Correspondence  of  S^lvanus  Urban* 


[M»y. 


chaptert  in  Jeremiah.  It  was  not  in  the 
edition  of  1805.  I  had  heen  accustomed  to 
eonsnlt  it  at  the  end  of  the  Preface  in  Bos. 
Again,  I  say ''  Peeeavi,"  I  ought  to  have 
been  more  cautions  before  I  preferred  such 
an  unfounded  charge— such  oversights  will 
occur.  The  Oxford  editor  has  stumbled 
at  the  threshold — he  has  overlooked  the 
Alexandrian  title  of  Genesis  1  TENESIS 
K02M0Y. 

5.  The  concluding  observation,  respect- 
ing the  omission  of  the  verses  27—31  in 
Jer.  iii.,  is  already  sufficiently  answered, 
by  referring  to  our  difference  of  opinion 
concerning  the  plan,  as  relative  to  the 
Alexandrian  text,  and  the  Alexandrian 
MS.  If  utility  be  the  object  of «"  a  cheap 
and  portable  edition,^'  it  ought  to  em- 
brace the  filling-np  of  all  lacuna.  Indeed, 
whether  yon  regard  the  Vatican  or  the 
Alexandrian  MS.,  it  is  mere  pedantry  and 
prudery  to  forego  the  aid  and  assistance  of 
other  MSS.  which  may  correct  their  errors, 
or  remedy  their  defects. 

My  respect,  and  I  may  add  my  obliga- 
tions, to  the  very  learned  Dean  of  Christ- 
church,  will  not  permit  me  to  dwell  on 
his  closing  paragraph.  My  Protestantism 
is  that  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  laid 
down  in  her  Liturgy  and  Articles.  My 
canon  of  Scripture  is  that  which  is  statea 
In  her  sixth  article.  I  admit  that  "  can- 
door  should  always  accompany  criticism  ;** 


•• 


but  I  cannot  admit,  that  it  it  **  party  ipuit 
to  stand  up  for  the  ord^r  of  this  Proteituit 
Bible,  or  that  **  tha  Christian  graces  of 
truth  and  charity "  are  violated  by  pro- 
testing against  styling  the  Virgin  Mary, 
"  The  Mother  of  God." 

And  now,  Mr.  Urban,  I  will  conelado 
these  Septuagintal  notioea,  with  the  cheer- 
ing conviction,  that  they  have  not  been 
altogether  useless.  Brief  and  impeifeet 
as  they  are,  they  have  awakened  pmblie 
attention,  and  ezeited  dormant  inquiry. 
'*The  Christian  Knowledge  Society*'  ii 
now  actively  engaged  in  preparing  an 
amended  edition  of  the  Alexandrian  text. 
**Thc  lament"  of  the  learned  Dean  of 
Christ  Church  will  compel  the  Univenity 
of  Oxford  hereafter  to  revise  the  Vattcan. 
But  he  would  confer  an  inestimable  favonr 
on  sacred  literature,  if  he  would  lead  tbe 
way  "in  the  revision  of  this  imporUnt 
veruon.*'  His  profovnd  knowledge  of 
Greek  lexicography,  hit  indefatigalue  U* 
hours  on  H^hssstion  and  the  Etymolocioosi 
— his  critical  acumen  as  editor  of  Hero- 
dotus, all  point  him  out  as  the  restorer  of 
the  LXX.  Let  him  dedicate  hit  remain- 
ing years  to  this  great  dmUtrminm  ha 
will  enjoy  the  wish  of  Erasmus — Smiiem 
dareiur  in  %eeru  Uteru  trenquiiii 
seuitctre  I 

Yours,  &C.        E.  W.  Geim field. 

Brighton,  April  15,  1854. 


FlXET  II  ITU  e. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  the  third  folio  {recto) 
of  that  ancient  book  the  Liber  A  sive  Pi- 
losus,  containing  the  ancient  evidences  of 
tbe  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's,  ap- 
pears a  notice  of  Fleet  Hithe,  perhaps  the 
most  ancient  that  is  now  extant.  Stowe 
docs  not  notice  this  ancient  Ilithe,  which 
is  my  apology  for  referring  you  to  the 
meagre  account  that  is  preserved  of  its 
origin  and  application,  as  evidenced  by  the 
following  Process  of  Recognition  : 

"  Ilenricus  Rex  Anglie  vicecomiti  Loud* 
salutem  precipio  quod  rccognosci  faciatis 
per  probos  homines  de  wardft  in  qu&  est 
nitha  *  ilia  de  Acta  quam  Henricus  Arbo- 
rarius  tenet,  ubi  naves  Sancti  Pauli  solent 
cum  petrA  applicare,  an  ilia  hida  sit  Sancti 
Pauli  an  Ilenrici .'  £t  naves  Sancti  Pauli 
solent  et  debent  ibi  esse  quieti  de  thelonio 
et  consuetudine.  Et  quod  Sanctus  Paulus 
et  EpiscopuB  juste  ibi  habere  debuerunt 
secundum  quod  recognitum  fuerit,  sine 
dilacione  eis  faciatis  habere  in  omnibus 


rebus.  Ne  super  hoc  andiam  inde  da- 
morem.  Teste  W.  de  pont'  apnd  WintiH 
niam." 

This  writ  of  recognition  is  of  the  time 
of  Henry  I.  as  appears  from  the  style  off 
the  King,  and  from  the  Utte  of  the  writ. 
The  name  of  Henricus  Arborariui,  Henry 
the  Woodmonger,  occurs  on  the  Greet 
Roll  of  the  Pipe  for  the  31  Hen.  I.  (London 
and  Middlesex),  and  also  in  the Rqglstram 
de  Clerkenwell,f  as  one  of  the  earUeet 
donors  to  the  nunnery  of  Clerkenwell. 

The  circumstance  of  Henry  Wood- 
monger's  name  appearing  upon  so  ancient 
a  process  is  also  confirmatory  of  the  re- 
marks of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hunter  with  regard 
to  the  true  age  of  the  Pipe  Roll,  31  Hea.  I. 

The  process  itself  shows  that  Fleet  Hitlie 
was  in  the  possession  of  Henry  the  Wood- 
monger  (probably  occupied  as  a  wood- 
wharf)  ;  that  the  ships  or  barges  belonging 
to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  laden  with  stone 
were  wont  to  unship  their  lading  at  that 


*  This  is  written  hxdn,  in  the  original,  but  the  d  was  constantly  used  long  after  tiM 
Saxon  timeR  for  th.    The  monastery  of  Louth  or  Lutli  Park  is  conatantly 
as  Mon.  de  Parco  Lu<fe. 

t  MSS.  Cott.  Faustina,  B.  ii. 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


491 


place ;  and  that  they  sought  to  be  quit  of 
an  ancient  toll  and  custom  exacted  from 
them. 

In  all  probability  some  of  your  intelli- 
gent readers  may  be  able  to  inform  me  at 
what  particular  point  on  the  stream  the 
**  Hithe  "  was  situate, — whether  at  Fleet 
Bridge  or  Holborn  Bridge,  or  at  the  lo- 
cality where  this  river  in  later  days  is  said 
to  roll  **  its  large  tribute  of  dead  dogs  to 
Thames,"  viz.  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
Stowe  is  corroborated  in  his  recital  of  the 
averment  in  the  complaint  made  in  Par- 
liament, 1307,  "That  whereas  in  times 


past  the  course  of  water,  running  at  London 
under  Oldeborne  Bridge  and  Fieete  Bridge 
into  the  Thames,  had  been  of  such  breadth 
and  depth,  that  ten  or  twielve  ships  (novet) 
at  once,  with  merchandise,  were  wont  to 
come  to  the  foresaid  Bridge  of  Fieeta,  and 
some  of  them  to  Oldeborne  Bridge," — by 
the  words  *'  ubi  naves  Sanoti  Pauli  solent 
cum  petra  applicare," — which  ships  and 
vessels,  laden  with  stone  and  Kentish  rag 
for  the  repair  of  their  church,  most  have_ 
drawn  some  depth  of  water. 

Yours,  &c.    T.  E.  T. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Proposed  Scientific  Commission  to  the  East— Arctic  Exploration— Exhibition  of  Edncatlonal  Machinery 
—Schools  of  Art — Public  Libraries  and  Mmeums — Scientific  Societies  of  Liverpool— Medals  of 
the  Geographical  and  Astronomical  Society— Burlington  House— Surrey  Archseol(^cal  Society- 
Sale  of  Antiquities — Sale  of  the  Collections  of  George  Arnold,  esq.,  F.S.A. — Proposed  Publication 
of  tlic  Faiissctt  Collection— Opening  to  view  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral— Statues  of  Stephenson  and 
Dalton— Guildhall  Monument  of  "Wellington- Statue  of  George  n.  in  Leicester-square— Monument 
to  Chantrey— Foreign  Statues— The  University  of  Oxford— Booksellers*  Provident  Institution. 


Some  serious  efforts  have  been  making 
in  influential  quarters  to  induce  our  Go- 
vernment to  imitate  the  excellent  example 
of  our  new  allies  in  sending  forth  to  the 
East,  under  the  protection  of  our  expedi- 
tionary armies,  some  men  of  science,  who 
may  bring  back  with  them  conquests  more 
permanent  and  more  valuable  than  the 
transient  glories  of  military  success.  It 
has  been  well  remarked  upon  this  occasion 
by  our  contemporary  the  Atheneum,  that 
"  Turkey  is  a  land  of  unknown  treasures. 
Gold-fields  await  the  eye  of  the  geologist. 
Imperial  ruins  invite  the  antiquary.  The 
libraries  of  Broussa  and  Constantinople 
offer  a  wide  and  unexplored  fleld  to  the 
historian  and  the  classic  Every  roadstead 
in  the  Black  Sea,  every  reach  of  the  Bos* 
phorus,  has  its  novelty  for  the  geographer. 
Who,  again,  has  exhausted  the  botany  of 
the  Crimea,  the  Caucasian  coasts,  or  the 
shores  of  Anatolia  ?  A  commission  well 
chosen — consisting,  say,  of  a  director,  a 
historiographer,  a  marine  painter,  two  geo- 
logists, two  geographers,  a  literary  anti- 
quary, an  architectural  draughtsman,  two 
botanists,  and  two  or  three  photographers, 
— could  not  fail  to  bring  back  with  them 
from  the  East  a  large  accession  to  our 
knowledge."  As  a  preliminary  measure, 
a  committee  has  been  appointed  by  the 
Royal  and  some  other  of  \he  leading  scien- 
tific societies,  consisting  of  Sir  R.  I.  Mur- 
chison.  Professor  E.  Forbes,  Dr.  Hooker, 
and  others.  They  at  once  entered  into 
communication  with    Lord   Raglan »   the 


Commander  of  the  Forces ;  who  is  under- 
stood to  approve,  to  a  certain  extent*  of 
the  idea;  but  lie  aees  difficulties,  as  a 
military  man,  in  the  way  of  the  explorers. 
For  the  present,  therefore,  he  thinks  it 
better  that  science  shall  be  left  to  itself, 
and  that  the  armed  force  shall  alone  occupy 
attention.  When,  however,  the  army  shaU 
have  been  some  little  time  in  the  field,  and 
its  destination  shall  be  better  known,  the 
Commander  of  the  Forces  hopes  that  he 
will  be  able  to  further  the  views  of  the  sci- 
entific Committee.  This  time,  we  trust, 
will  soon  arrive. 

It  appears  that  the  Admiralty,  withont 
sanctioning  any  new  Exepdition  to  search 
for  Sir  John  Franklin,  have  determined 
that  such  orders  shall  be  issued  to  Sir  E. 
Belcher  as  will  empower  him  to  oontiniie 
the  search  for  the  missing  Expedition  for 
another  year.  The  names  of  the  oflScers 
and  crews  of  the  Erebus  and  Terror,  coo* 
trary  to  the  notice  given  by  the  Admiralty, 
are  still  retained  in  the  ''  Navy  List,'*  and 
will  remain  there  until  the  return  of  the 
searching  ships.  This  change  may  be  in 
some  measure  due  to  Lady  Franklin,  who 
has  addressed  a  long  and  eloquent  protest 
to  the  Admiralty  against  the  removal  of 
her  husband's  name  from  the  Admiralty's 
books  until  all  search  for  him  terminates. 

Next  June  the  Society  of  Arts  propose, 
in  connexion  with  the  many  good  works 
in  furtherance  of  which  their  energies  are 
now  employed,  to  open  a  special  Rxhibi-' 
Hon  of  Educational  Machinery.      The 


492 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[May, 


idea  is,  to  collect  a  series  of  models,  plans, 
books,  diagrams,  apd  apparatus,  which 
shall  illustrate  the  actual  practice  of  school 
teaching  in  the  great  States  of  Europe  and 
America,  so  as  to  compare  this  with  that 
prevailing  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  in 
some  of  our  principal  Colonies.  Arrange- 
ments are  already  entered  into  which  en- 
sure success  to  the  scheme.  Lord  Cla- 
rendon, as  Foreign  Secretary,  and  the 
Duke  of  Newcastle,  as  Minister  for  the 
Colonies »  have  given  the  plan  their  full 
support ;  and  promises  of  cordial  co-ope- 
ration have  been  received  from  the  Com- 
mittee of  Council  on  Education,  the  De- 
partment of  Science  and  Art,  the  Irish 
Commissioners  of  Education,  the  National 
School  Society,  the  British  and  Foreign 
School  Society,  and  other  bodies.  Prince 
Albert  shows  his  interest  in  the  scheme 
by  heading  a  subscription,  to  defray  the 
necessary  cost  of  collecting  and  exhibiting 
the  models,  with  100/. 

The  movement,  which  has  its  centre  in 
the  new  Department  of  Science  and  Art 
at  Marlborough  House,  advances  steadily 
and  prosperously.  The  people  of  Bir- 
mingham, Nottingham,  and  the  Potteries, 


recommended  that  theamnlgimation  of  tlie 
Historic  with  the  Literary  and  Philo- 
sophical Society  is  both  practical  and  de- 
sirable. The  union  of  the  Polytechnic  was 
recommended  with  some  hesitation,  and 
the  Architectural,  it  was  thought,  diould 
remain  independent.  On  the  meeting  of 
the  respective  councils,  the  Literacy  and 
Philosophical  Society,  founded  in  1813, 
and  numbering  about  140  members, adopted 
the  report  by  a  majority  of  more  than  three 
to  one.  The  Historic  Society,  founded  in 
1848,  and  numbering  340  members,  met 
and  adopted  the  report  unanimously.  In 
both  cases  delegates  were  appointed  again 
to  sketch  out  a  new  code  of  laws,  and  to 
make  such  arrangements  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary to  carry  out  the  details.  Tlie 
Polytechnic  decided  against  amalgamation. 
It  was  founded  in  1838,  and  has  about  170 
members,  a  large  proportion  of  whcMn, 
though  engaged  as  practical  mechanics, 
and  taking  a  warm  interest  in  their  own 
■subjects,  would  not  care  for  learning  of  a 
more  general  kind.  The  two  former  so- 
cieties will  be  united  at  the  close  of  the 
present  session.  If  some  such  arrange- 
ment could  be  effected  among  the  multi- 


have  severally  organised  their  schools  of     tudinous  ramifications  of  our  metropolitan 


design  into  Schools  of  Art^  to  be  con- 
ducted on  self-supporting  principles.  The 
Bristol  school  has  outgrown  its  accommo- 
dation in  six  months.  Bath,  Carmarthen, 
Carlisle,  and  Dunfermline,  are  about  to 
establish  Schools  of  Art  in  their  respective 
localities;  and  several  other  towns  are 
only  waiting  until  masters  are  certified  as 
competent,  in  order  to  commence  opera- 
tions. In  this  latter  list  are  such  im- 
portant places  as  Liverpool,  Gloucester, 
Exeter,  and  Truro. 

Mr.   Ewart's   Bill    on  Public   Libra- 
riet  and  MuseumSf  the  object  of  which 


societies,  it  would  probably  promote  their 
energies,  as  well  as  economise  their  re- 
sources. 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Royal  Oe^ 
graphical  Society,  the  Founder's  medal 
was  presented  to  Admiral  W.  H.  Smyth, 
F.R.S.  for  his  able  and  all  but  exhausttre 
work  on  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  The 
Patron's  medal  was  assigned  to  Capt. 
M*Clure  for  his  important  discoveries  in 
the  Polar  Sea. 

The  Astronomieal  Society's  gold  medal 
has  been  presented  to  Mr.  Charles  Rfimker. 
for  his  long-continued  observations,  and 


was  to  extend  the  operation  of  the  Act  of     especially  for  his  catalogue  of  12,000 


1850,  has  been  thrown  out  in  the  House 
of  Commons  by  a  vote  of  88  to  85.  The 
Government  opposed  the  Bill  on  the  ground 
that,  although  the  working  of  the  former 
Act  was  so  far  successful,  sufficient  time 
had  not  elapsed  to  afford  experience  for 
further  legislation. 


Burlington  House,  in  Piccadilly,  has 
been  purchased  for  the  nation  by  the  Chief 
Commissioner  of  Woods  and  ForestSt  at 
the'^sum  of  150,000/.,  and  it  is  said  that 
the  noble  family  to  whom  it  belonged  have 
refused  larger  offers  in  their  anzietf  to 
preserve  it  from  desecration.  It  is  thereby 


The  literary  and  scientific  inhabitants  of     prevented  from  passing  into  the  hsnds  A 

mMM  ^kA«^ii«  ^^  ^^  m  Ilk  ««  ••  ^  m^  M  h  ««ai«  ^k  W«  «S  ^^a*  ^b  ^k  k« ^ib  ^.a  I  ^  &  dh  I  _*  .•.•._   .^  .^b^  I  .^  ^  .^  i^.^  ^^^.  X_    _- . * ^  ^ 


Liverpool  have  been  endeavouring  lately 
to  bring  about  a  union  of  their  four  learned 
societies,  with  the  view  of  diminishing  the 
working  expenses,  and  of  being  able  to 
devote  more  of  their  funds  to  the  legitimate 
purposes  of  their  association.  The  four 
societies  publishing  **  Transactions/'  are 
the  Literary  and  Philosophical,  the  Poly- 
technic, the  Architectural  and  Archeo- 
logical,  and  the  Historic ;  and  a  committee 
of  delegates  was  appointed  from  among 
them  to  report  on  their  ui^on.  After  a 
careful  examination  of  the  matter  it  was 


speculators,  who  were  proposing  to  tvm 
it  into  a  sort  of  London  Palais  RoyaL 
Years  ago,  in  1809,  this  mansion,  one  of 
the  finest  in  London,  was  on  the  ere  of 
destruction.  A  lease  was  obtained,  and 
the  building  saved,  by  Lord  George  CaTOBr 
dish.  At  length  it  has  become  publie  pro- 
perty,— and  ere  long  the  pabUc  will  be 
able,  we  presume,  to  explore  the 
long  hid  behind  the  high  wall  whidi 
out  curious  eyes.  The  use  to  whidi  it  ii 
to  be  put  is  not,  as  yet,  determined  ;  haft 
the  uses  are  many  which  its  central 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


493 


tion  and  capacious  area  are  well  adapted 
to  serve.  Possibly  it  will  receive  the 
learned  societies  who  are  dreading  an  ex- 
pulsion from  Somerset  House,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  increasing  demand  for  go- 
vernment offices,  and  who  have  been 
threatened  with  exile  to  Kensington  Gore. 

It  is  announced  by  Uie  Secretaries  of 
the  proposed  Surrey  Archceologieal  So- 
ciety that  its  inaugural  meeting  will  be 
held  on  the  10th  of  May,  at  the  Bridge 
House  Hotel,  at  the  Surrey  foot  of  Lon- 
don Bridge.  A  morning  meeting,  at  one 
o'clock,  will  consist  of  members  only;  at 
an  evening  meeting,  at  seven,  various  pa- 
pers will  be  read,  and  articles  of  anti- 
quarian interest  exhibited  (which  may  be 
sent  to  the  care  of  Charles  Bridger,  esq. 
Curator.)  The  chair  will  be  taken  by 
Henry  Druinmond,  esq.  M.P.,  F.R.S., 
Vice-President. 

A  valuable  collection  of  Workt  of  An- 
cient Art  has  been  sold  during  the  past 
month  by  Messrs.  Sothebyand  Wilkinson. 
It  included  amphorae,  statuettes,  bronzes, 
tibulse,  vases,  masks,  lachrymatories, 
cameos,  Etruscan  pottery,  terracottas, 
gems,  ancient  jewellery,  marbles,  ivories, 
armour,  marqueterie,  mosaics,  Venetian 
and  German  glass, and  Raffaelle  and  Faenza 
ware.  Among  the  more  curiouB  speci- 
mens may  be  mentioned,  a  pair  of  Etrus- 
can ear-rings  formed  of  hollow  ovals  of 
flat  beaten  gold  ;  an  Etruscan  bronze  of  a 
group  of  small  figures  witnessing  an  exe- 
cution ;  a  bronze  trough  from  Xanthus, 
supposed  to  have  been  an  incense  burner  ; 
a  bronze  lamp  from  Cums,  intended  for 
suspension,  ornamented  with  bosses  of 
lion's  heads ;  and  an  Etruscan  vase,  the 
bottom  of  which  was  formed  by  a  wild 
beast's  head  and  jaws.  We  may  add  to 
this  list  a  small  gold  statuette  of  Cupid, 
and  some  ancient  vases  of  semi -opaque 
Greek  'glass,  found  in  a  tomb  at  Ruvo, 
very  pearly  and  iridescent  from  long  cor- 
rosion ;  and  some  curious  bracelets,  bullse, 
necklaces,  and  tirings  of  Greek  workman- 
ship. Of  the  luxurious  fifteenth  century 
work  there  were  some  rich  instances.  Of 
these,  the  best  was  a  silver  shrine,  twenty- 
five  inches  high,  containing  a  figure  of  St. 
John,  and  attended  by  cherubim,  angels, 
children  holding  festoons,  and  decorated 
with  fruit  and  flowers  ;  and  a  baronial 
salt-cellar,  surmounted  by  a  figure  of  Fame, 
surrounded  by  Cupids  riding  on  dolphins. 

Mr.  Phillips,  of  Bond-street,  has  been 
down  to  Ashby  Lodge,  near  Daventry,  in 
order  to  disperse  by  his  hammer  the  valu- 
able collection  of  Pictures  and  Books  col- 
lected by  George  Arnold^  esq.  F.S.A.  who 
died  in  1806,  and  by  his  father  and  grand- 
father, and  which  were  particularly  noticed 
by  Mr.  Baker  in  his  History  of  Northamp- 


tonshire, vol.  i.  p.  247.  There  were  195 
lots  of  pictuijps,  among  which  the  most 
remarkable  were  the  following : — Portraits 
of  George  Arnold,  esq.  (grandfather  of  the 
above  George),  and  his  daughter,  by  Ho- 
garth, painted  in  the  house  by  that  great 
English  master ;  the  former  was  sold  for 
31/.  and  the  latter  for  27/.  6«.  and  they  were 
purchased  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Arnold,  of 
Headington,  near  Oxford.  A  third  picture 
attributed  to  Hogarth,  and  said  to  repre- 
sent Miss  Ray,  or  more  probably  Miss 
Emery,  was  sold  for  the  higher  sum  of 
71/.  I8f.  A  portrait  by  Holbein  of  John 
Hales,  founder  of  Coventry  Free  School, 
1 554 ,  was  sold  for  51/.  Martin  de  Vos,  by 
himself,  and  his  wife  (the  pair),  30/.  9f.  Sd, 
Sir  Thomas  Mayerne,  M.D.  (by  Rubens?) 
16/.  16tf.  Death  of  Seneca,  by  Vandyck, 
37/.  8f.  Continence  of  Scipio,  by  Padua- 
nino,  15/.  hs.  Danae,  by  Gentileschi, 
25/.  As.  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  by  Die- 
penbeck,  17/.  17«.  The  Last  Judgment, 
by  Rubens,  21/.  Game  Cock  and  Fowls, 
by  Hondekoefer,  17/.  8«.  Qd,  King  Wil- 
liam III.  and  Queen  Mary  going  in  state 
to  Parliament  through  the  old  Horse- 
Guards,  by  Old  Wyck,  14/.  A  View  of 
Ashby  Lodge,  by  G.  Barrett,  2/.  2».— Two 
days'  sale  of  Books  followed  on  the  21  st 
and  22d  April.  The  collection  consisted 
of  upwards  of  5,000  volumes,  and  was  par- 
ticularly rich  in  Natural  History,  Numis- 
matics, and  old  Chronicles,  and  more  par- 
ticularly in  English  Topography,  among 
which  were — Nichols's  Leicestershire,  large 
paper,  84/. ;  Hutchins's  Dorsetshire,  2d  edit, 
large  paper,  81/. ;  Dugdale's  Warwick- 
shire, 20/. ;  and  most  of  the  other  County 
Histories  at  equally  good  prices.  Gough*8 
Sepulchral  Monuments,  3  vols.  56/.  14ff. 
Among  the  chronicles  were,  Froissart's 
Chronicle  in  English,  1553, 25/.;  Caxton^s 
Chronicle  by  Wynken  de  Worde,  18/. 

Mr.  Mayer,  of  Liverpool,  the  purchaser 
of  the  much  talked  of  Faussett  CbUeetion 
qf  Sojpon  Antiquities  from  the  Kentish 
tumuli,  has  resolved  to  publish  a  hand- 
some quarto  volume  of  the  manuscript  ac- 
counts of  the  opening  of  the  barrows,  and 
of^the  discoveries  made  in  them,  to  be 
edited,  with  copious  foot-notes,  by  Mr.  C. 
Roach  Smith.  The  objects,  as  our  readers 
know,  consist  chiefly  of  weapons,  jew- 
ellery, and  personal  ornaments,  imple- 
ments and  utensils,  coins,  pottery,  glass, 
and  vases;  and  the  circumstances  under 
which  all  these  were  discovered  are  mi- 
nutely described  in  the  diaries  of  Mr. 
Faussett.  Among  the  personal  ornaments 
the  gold  brooches,  set  with  precious  stones 
and  filagree,  which  are  of  the  highest  in- 
terest as  specimens  of  the  artistic  skill  of 
our  ancestors,  are  to  be  engraved  and 
painted  in  fac-simile  in  coloursi  and  it  is 


494 


Note*  of  the  Month. 


[May, 


proposed  to  represent  numeroas  other  ob- 
jects by  engravings  and  woodents.  Some 
landscape  views  are  also  to  be  inserted  of 
the  localities  in  which  the  remains  were 
found,  Tlie  subscription  is  only  two 
guineas. 

Some  of  the  most  tasteful  of  the  archi- 
tects of  London  have  been  endeavouring 
to  perpetuate  the  very  excellent  view  of 
the  Cathedral  Church  qf  Si.  PauVs  which 
is  opened  at  the  junction  of  the  new  street  at 
the  south-east  side  of  the  Churchyard.  It 
is  much  to  be  feared  that  this  hitherto  un- 
rivalled view  will  be  again  blocked  up  by 
some  of  the  colossal  warehouses  which  are 
now  so  much  the  fashion  ;  but,  should  the 
architects  prove  successfiil,  the  area  will 
form  one  of  the  finest  openings  in  the 
metropolis,  and  one  which  would  be  most 
appropriately  ornamented  by  a  statue  of 
Sir  Christopher  Wren,  on  the  scene  of  his 
greatest  triumph. 

Mr.  Daily's  statue  of  George  Stephen' 
ton  has  been  erected  in  the  great  hall  of 
the  Enston-sauare  Station.  It  is  a  com- 
manding work,  and  in  the  purest  taste. 
It  confronts  the  spectator  with  a  medi- 
tative mien,  as  though  pondering  over  the 
mighty  and  mysterious  power  the  genius 
of  the  engineer  so  largely  helped  to  call 
into  existence.  Its  aspect  is  massive  and 
grand,  and  the  likeness  perfectly  retained. 

The  total  subscriptions  for  erecting  a 
memorial  to  the  memory  of  Dr.  Dalian, 
author  of  the  atomic  theory,  have  at  length 
reached  5,312/.,  of  which  1,175/.  is  to  be 
expended  upon  a  bronze  statue  to  be  placed 
in  front  of  the  Royal  Infirmary,  Man- 
chester, and  4,125/.  in  founding  scholar- 
ships and  prizes  in  the  new  Owens  College, 
Mauchcster.  Of  the  last  sum,  2,500/.  is 
to  be  invested  in  perpetual  cor|>oration 
bonds  at  four  per  cent,  realising  50/.  per 
annum  for  each  of  two  scholarships  in 
chemistry;  1,250/.  is  to  be  invested  for 
two  mathematical  scholarships,  realising 
25/.  per  annum  for  each ;  and  375/.  si- 
milarly invested  is  to  give  an  annual  prize 
of  ]  5/.  in  natural  history.  Mr.  Theed  is 
to  copy  in  bronze  the  statue  already  carved 
in  marble. 

The  monument  to  be  erected  by  the 
City  of  London  to  the  Duke  qf  JVellinff- 
ion  has  been  given  to  Mr.  John  Bell.  It 
is  to  be  erected  in  Guildhall,  and  will  form 
an  appropriate  companion  to  the  memorial 
of  Nelson. 

Meanwhile,  an  extraordinary  story  has 
been  revealed  by  an  inquiry  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  as  to  the  fate  of  the  statue  of 
George  the  Second  which  stood  in  the  area 
of  Leicester  Square.  It  is  stated  by  Sir 
William  Molesworth  that  when  Mr.  Wyld 
erected  his  Great  Globe,  this  statue  was 


found  to  be  merely  of  lead,  filled  widi  cUij, 
and  was  consequently  carted  away,  "  vrith 
other  rubbish  !'*  A  history  of  public 
statues  would  be  one  of  the  ^  curiosities  of 
literature.** 

A  monument,  but  not  of  fculpture,  has 
been  erected  to  the  memory  of  oar  onoB 
greatest  sculptor,  Sir  F)ranei9  ClaK^rsy, 
at  his  native  village  of  Norton  near  Shef- 
field. It  is  an  obelisk  of  Cornwall  granitey 
twenty-one  feet  ten  inches-  high,  in  oae 
block,  surmounting  a  base  of  the  saaM 
material,  erected  on  Norton  Green.  The 
base  is  three  feet  high  ;  it  weighs  upwahh 
of  nine  tons,  and  the  shaft  nearly  aa  mnah. 
The  foundation  is  a  solid  sqoare  of  ma- 
sonry, twenty-five  tons  having  been  naod 
in  its  construction.  The  design— «  pi^n 
shaft  on  three  steps — was  furnished  bj 
Mr.  Hardwick,  R.A.,  and  one  word  only, 
the  name  of  Chaktret,  is  graven  in  the 
stone.  The  principal  promoter  of  this 
monument  has  been  the  Kev.  H.  Pearson, 
the  Vicar  of  Norton. 

An  iron  statue  of  William  the  Seeomdp 
King  (if  Holland,  has  been  erected  at  the 
Hague.  The  king  wears  the  uniform  of 
a  general,  and  the  hands  are  raised  aa  ta 
the  attitude  of  addressing  an  andienoe. 

In  Freiburg  a  monument  has  been  com- 
pleted  to  celebrate  the  memory  of  Bet» 
(hold  SchwarZf  the  monk  who  has  the 
reputation  of  having  discovered,  in  1340, 
gunpowder,  and  in  1354  lost  his  life  1^ 
an  explosion  in  the  pursuit  of  his  invest^ 
gations.  The  monument  consists  of  am 
octagonal  basin,  in  the  centre  of  whiA 
rises  a  column,  out  of  which  flow  torn 
streams  of  water.  The  column  serrea  aa 
a  pedestal  to  a  statue  of  Schwan,  hewn 
out  of  grey  stone  by  Knittel,  the  FM- 
burg  sculptor. 

The  ministerial  scheme  for  regnlatlag 
the  government  of  the  Univereiiy  ef 
Oxford  passed  its  second  reading  in  the 
House  of  Commons  on  the  7&i  April 
without  a  division.  Dean  Ireland'a  Scho- 
larship for  the  advancement  of  claaaieBl 
taste  and  learning  has  been  awarded  te 
Mr.  William  Lambert  Newman,  ftflhftlar 
of  Balliol  College;  and  the  Hertlbid 
(Latin)  Scholarship  to  Mr.  F.  B.  M. 
Montgomerie,  Commoner  of  the  same  col- 
lege. The  former  had  obtained  the  Hert^ 
ford  Latin  Scholarship,  and  the  latter  one 
of  the  open  Craven  Scholarships. 

The  Annual  Report  of  the  BoekeeUe^ 
Provident  Institution,  which  lias  just  hesn 
issued  to  the  5S0  members,  statea  that^ 
during  the  year,  18  members  and  IS 
widows  of  members  have  received  aasiat- 
ance  from  the  funds  to  the  amount  of 
624/.  4ff.  6d,  The  amount  of  ^pital  in- 
vested up  to  the  present  time  is  S0,904li 


495 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Ancient  Gothic  Churches:  their  Pro- 
portions and  Chromatid,  Part  III.  By 
WiUiam  Pettit  Griffith,  Architect,  F.S.A. 
See.  4/0. — Architectural  Botany.  By  the 
same,  4to.  (with  many  Plates.) — ^The  main 
object  of  Mr.  Griffith's  professional  works, 
which  haye  already  attained  considerable 
circulation  and  approval,  is  to  show  that 
the  true  principles  of  architectural  design 
are  based  upon  natural  forms;  and  that 
the  early  architects  derived  their  propor- 
tions from  the  same  source.  Amongst 
many  quotations  which  he  makes  in  sup- 
port of  the  conclusion  that  certain  fixed 
rules  of  proportion  were  maintained  in  the 
middle  ages,  is  a  remarkable  passage  re- 
lative to  the  dome  of  Sienna,  upon  which 
a  commission  of  architects  in  the  year 
1321  reported,  "  That  the  new  work  ought 
not  to  proceed  any  further,  because,  if 
completed  as  it  had  been  began,  it  would 
not  have  that  measure  in  length,  breadth, 
and  height,  which  the  rules  Jor  a  church 
require.'*  This  decision  obviously  applied 
to  certain  settled  rules,  which,  though  they 
are  not  preserved  in  writing,  may  proba- 
bly be  deduced  from  the  examination  and 
study  of  existing  monuments  of  mediae val 
art. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Kerrich,  in  an  elaborate 
paper  contained  in  the  19th  volume  of  the 
Archeeologia,  (1821,)  enlarged  on  the  use 
of  ^  the  mysterious  figure  csiilled  the  vesica 
piscis,  in  the  architecture  of  the  Middle 
Ages.''  Mr.  Griffith  maintains  that  the 
oval  figure  so  called  is  but  the  shellf  whilst 
the  equilateral  triangle  is  the  kernel  of  the 
architectural  nut,  and  to  that  figure  must 
we  look  for  all  the  potent  effects  of  just 
proportions.  It  was  this  form,  as  he  sug- 
gests, which  dictated  the  general  propor- 
tions, both  in  plan  and  elevation,  of  all 
the  finest  churches  of  the  mediaeval  ages. 
At  the  same  time,  the  square  and  the  pen- 
tagon were  found  very  useful  in  certain 
portions  of  the  design.  The  chapter- 
houses of  Wells,  York,  and  Salisbury 
Cathedrals,  and  of  Westminster  Abbey,  are 
proportioned  by  two  conjoint  squares 
forming  an  octagon;  and  those  of  Lincoln, 
Worcester,  and  others,  by  two  conjoint 
pentagons,  forming  a  decagon.  Mr.  Grif- 
fith has  exemplified  his  ideas  upon  the 
ground-plans  of  many  of  the  finest  and 
most  remarkable  churches  in  this  country. 
Then,  as  regards  the  minor  details,  it  has 
been  justly  remarked  that  architectural 
forms  were  applied  to  every  kind  of  medi- 
aeval ornamentation.  Not  only  the  interior 
or  fixed  furniture  of  buildings,  but  also 
those  which  were  called  moveables,  ia- 


oluding  plate  and  the  garniture  of  the 
festive  board,  and  even  personal  costume, 
partook  of  this  characteristic ;  and  it  was 
usually  produced  by  the  multiplication  of 
regular  geometrical  figures,  in  conformity 
to  which  the  artist  modelled  his  patterns 
of  foliage  and  other  objects  derived  from 
nature. 

The  latter  portion  of  Mr.  Griffith's  last 
publication  (and  which  is  sold  separately) 
is  devoted  to  this  subject :  and  under  the 
tide  of  **  Architectural  Botany  **  he  sets 
forth,  secundum  artem,  the  geometrical 
distribution  of  foliage,  flowers,  fruit,  &c. 
which  he  exemplifies  in  twenty  original 
designs  adopted  from  the  vegetable  lung- 
dom. 


An  Eight  Weeks'  Joitmal  in  Norway  ^ 
ifc,  in  1852.  By  Sir  C.  Anderson,  Bart. 
Post  9vo. — The  author  of  this  pleasant  and 
interesting  volume  has  twice  visited  Sweden 
and  Norway,first  in  1899  and  again  in  1852. 
The  present  volume  is  the  substance  of 
his  journal  during  the  latter  tour;  in  the 
course  of  which  his  attention  was  alive  not 
only^to  the  natural  beauties  and  scenery  of 
those  countries,  which  have  been  described 
by  other  hands,  but  more  particularly  to 
the  ecclesiastical  architecture,  of  which  he 
presents  his  readers  with  sundry  '*  rough 
outlines,"  sketched  with  the  anastatic 
pencil.  His  descriptions  of  some  of  the 
old  stone  churches  in  Norway  will  lead 
the  architectural  antiquary  to  compare 
them  with  the  most  ancient  structures  of 
that  class  on  the  eastern  side  of  England  : 
of  which  he  remarks,  that  '*  It  is  probable 
that  buildings  attributed  to  the  Saxons, 
on  the  eastern  side  of  England,  are  the 
works  of  the  Scandinavians  whilst  they 
had  rule,  and  the  cities  of  York  and  Lin- 
coln, and  the  towns  of  Nottingham,  Lei- 
cester, Stamford,  and  Derby  were  Daqish 
burghs."  (p.  18.) 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  of  these 
churches  is  that  of  Aggershuus  or  Akkars, 
at  Christiania,  said  to  have  been  built  by 
king  Olaf,  the  saint,  and  still  the  cathedru 
church  of  one  of  the  four  dioceses  of  Nor- 
way; of  this  Sir  Charles  Anderson  gives 
various  sketches  snd  a  ground-plan. 

**  At  Granvold  are  two  curious  stone 
churches  in  one  churchyard ;  the  smaller 
roofless,  having  been  fired  by  lightning ; 
said  to  have  been  built  by  two  sisters, 
which  is  probable,  the  naves  of  both  being 
of  the  same  style.  The  large  church,  now 
in  use,  is  much  like  Akkars  church,  but 
handsomer ;  the  tower  has  been  carried 
up,  and  forms  a  square  belfry  at  the  Inter- 


496 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[May, 


section  of  the  nave  and  chancel.  The 
base  of  this  tower  and  that  of  Akkars  re- 
semble that  of  the  old  tower  of  Stow  in 
Lincolnshire.  On  the  west  side  of  the 
tower  are  two  circular  apertarer,  very 
similar  to  those  found  at  Stow,  and  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  old  belfiy  windows ; 
three  more  are  also  seen  in  the  gable  of 
the  west  front.  The  vaulting  of  the  aisles 
is  early  and  rude,  that  of  the  nave  early- 
pointedy  as  also  the  chancel." 

At  another  place  the  traveller  was  again 
reminded  of  the  ancient  church  of  Stow  : — 
**  The  church  of  Sljdre  consists  of  nave 
and  chancel  of  stone,  rudely  built  Mea- 
sured one  stone  in  the  wall,  six  feet  long 
by  one  and  a  half  thick ;  the  wall  of  the 
nave  about  twenty  feet  high.  There  is  a 
round-headed  door  on  the  north  side,  the 
sides  of  which  are  eight  feet  to  the  spring 
of  the  arch,  which  is  composed  of  three 
large  stones.  It  is  like  the  door  in  the 
north  transept  at  Stow.  The  windows  on 
the  north  side  of  the  nave  very  rude,  being 
mere  slits,  with  one  stone  laid  over,  hol- 
lowed to  form  the  top." 

"  Oddernoes  church  is  a  stone  building, 
with  a  wooden  spire.  The  only  ancient 
part  is  an  apse  at  the  east  end,  much  like 
that  of  Akkars,  but  smaller.  A  rune 
stone,  about  ten  feet  high,  by  two  feet 
wide,  and  three  inches  and  a  half  thick, 
stands  in  the  churchyard  ;  another  stone 
without  runes  lies  in  Uie  grass  below.  The 
large  letters  on  the  broad  side  are  so  worn 
as  to  be  illegible.     I  copied  those  on  the 

edge,  and  Professor  M h  of  Christiania 

read  them  off  at  once  thus,  Avindr  gairdi 
kirka  dita  gonmr  Oleifs  Ains  hala  a  odali 
tin^  *  Eyvind  made  this  church,  godson 
of  Olaf  the  saint,  on  his  estate  {udat) ; ' 
and  if  the  godson  built  this  church,  why 
should  not  the  godfather  have  built  the 
church  of  Akkars  ?  *' 

The  wooden  churches  of  Norway  are 
also  in  their  way  most  remarkable,  parti- 
cularly from  the  manner  in  which  their 
sculptured  features  imitate  those  of  stone. 
A  large  and  most  grotesque  one  at  Bor- 
gund  is  represented  in  one  of  Sir  Charles 
Anderson's  sketches,  and  is  described  as 
follows :  *'  It  is  seated  below  the  small 
village,  on  a  flowery  meadow- side,  close 
by  the  river,  and  backed  by  lofty  hills, 
covered  with  birch  and  rock ;  a  fos  pours 
down  the  mountain  close  by.  The  bell- 
tower,  also  of  wood,  stands  close  by  the 
churchyard.  Both  are  nearly  as  perfect  as 
when  they  were  built,  five  or  six  hundred 
years  ago,  for  they  cannot  be  of  later  date 
than  1300.  The  church  has  a  Norman 
arcade  or  cloister  running  all  round,  co- 
vering the  doorways,  which  open  out  from 
it  into  the  nave,  which  has  side  aisles,  a 
triforinm,  and  arched  roof.    The  chancel 


and  apse  are  surmoonted  by  a  wooden  ca- 
pola,  in  shape  like  that  at  Tronyem  ca- 
thedral; the  walls,  roof,  and  pagoda-shaped 
pinnacle  at  the  top,  are  covered  with 
wooden  shingles,  lapping  over  each  other, 
and  shaped  like  the  leaves  of  an  artichoke, 
but  longer  and  more  pointed.  It  is  pitched 
over,  of  a  reddish  colour,  and  the  wood 
seems  in  good  preservation.  The  weat 
door  is  very  elaborate,  the  othen  lesa  ao. 
Foliage,  serpents,  and  dragons  interlacing 
form  the  chief  ornaments;  and  the  bold- 
ness of  the  execution  equals  that  of  early- 
English  work.  The  pillars  are  carried  op 
to  the  roof,  as  would  naturally  be  the  case 
in  a  timber  construction,  and  the  archea 
and  triforium  are  pieced  on.  So  alao  moat 
have  been  the  capitals  of  the  pillars,  whidi 
are  gone.  Several  of  the  carved  bracketa 
supporting  the  ribs  of  the  roof  still  remain. 
The  church  may  be  about  eighty  or  ninety 
feet  long.  The  nave  is  divided  from  tbie 
chancel  by  three  arches  and  a  screen. 
Above  the  centre  arch,  in  the  triforium,  la 
the  wooden  model  of  a  church  with  a  spire, 
probably  a  reliquary  or  feretmm.  Behind 
it,  in  the  roof  over  the  chancel,  ia  a  atnfled 
rein-deer,  about  which  I  could  make  oat 
nothing.  .  .  .  One  can  best  see  at  tlie 
eastern  end  how  the  whole  building  la 
framed,  upon  abase  of  stone,  laid  together 
without  cement,  as  the  foundationa  of  the 
sseters  *  are  now.  The  pillars  of  the  aooth 
door  have  grotesque  animals  on  the  capi- 
tals, and  end  below  in  monsters'  heada  ■ 
somewhat  Lombardic  in  character.  The 
gables  of  the  nave  and  pinnacle  terminate 
in  dragon-heads,  and  a  pattern  of  open 
work  runs  along  the  ridge.  All  tlie  otiMr 
points,  canopies  over  the  small  aqnan 
windows,  and  belfry  gables,  are  a«r- 
mounted  each  with  a  small  croas.  TIm 
belfry  has  an  arcade  round  it,  where  tlie 
bells  hang,  of  the  same  character  aa  that 
running  round  the  church,  and  they  ap- 
pear to  be  coeval.  Of  the  bells  one  omj 
is  ancient,  having  the  words  ^  aANcm 
LAVRBNCivs  in  old  letters*  The  wood 
used  in  these  curious  baildinga  ia  pine, 
which  must  have  been  brought  from  be* 
low,  for  birch  and  aspen  are  the  only  trees 
in  this  valley." 

Sir  Charles  Anderson  adds  that  Hitter- 
dahl  church,  in  Telemarken,  ia  tlia  only 
building  he  has  heard  of  at  all  similar  to 
Borgund,  and  it  has  been  modernised  in- 
side ;  but  that  it  ia  very  poasible,  tliat 
there  may  yet  exist  other  churchea  of  tlds 
character  in  the  valleys  which  have  not 
hitherto  been  visited  by  eccleaiologiite. 
We  find  Mr.  Forester  (in  "  Norway  and 
its   Scenery,"  which  we  shall  prewutly 

*  The  sctera  in  Norway  are  the 
rary  or  outlying  farm-tteads. 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


497 


proceed  to  notice,)  noticing  Hitterdahl  as 
the  best  specimen  of  its  class,  though  we 
do  not  perceive  that  he  describes  any 
others,  and  only  mentions  that  of  Borgund 
slightly.  He  gives  as  the  generic  character 
of  the  ancient  Norwegian  churches  that 
"  Tliey  are  built  of  pine  timber,  notwith- 
standing which  the  general  effect  is  massive. 
The  details  are  elaborate  ;  rounded  apses 
to  the  chancels,  transepts,  chapels  and 
porches,  exterior  cloistered  galleries,  lofty 
spires  or  cupolas,  all  richly  ornamented 
with  encircled  crosses  on  the  gables,  and 
dragons'  heads  carved  in  bold  relief  pro- 
jecting from  the  angles,  break  the  general 
outline  with  picturesque  variety."  This 
description  answers  closely  to  Borgund* 
and  we  presume  entirely  to  Hitterdahl : 
but  it  is  singular  that  only  one  such  church 
should  have  met  the  eye  of  either  traveller. 


Norway  and  its  Scenery :  comprising 
the  Journal  of  a  Tour  by  Edward  Price, 
Esq.  with  considerable  additions;  and  a 
Road- Book  for  Tourists,  with  hints  to 
Anglers  and  Sportsmen.  Edited  and 
Compiled  by  Thomas  Forester,  Bsq.  A.M. 
author  of  "  Norway  in  1848-49,'*  ^c. 
{Bohn^s  Illustrated  Library.)  12mo. — 
We  had  written  the  preceding  review,  and 
laid  down  Sir  Charles  Anderson's  book, 
before  we  took  up  the  very  agreeable  and 
exceedingly  complete  volume  now  before 
us  :  which  is,  in  fact,  a  summary  of  all 
that  previous  tourists  have  published  on 
Norway  and  its  wild  and  magnificent 
S(:enery.  The  foundation  of  the  book  is 
the  tour  written  by  Mr.  Price,  and  pub- 
lished in  1834  with  twenty-one  plates, 
which  Mr.  Bohn  now  so  cheaply  repro- 
duces. Mr.  Price's  tour,  which,  having 
merely  the  objects  of  a  landscape-painter, 
was  naturally  partial,  is  supplied  in  its 
defects  by  information  drawn  from  various 
other  authors.  Of  all  these  Mr.  Forester 
gives  a  full  account  in  his  introductory 
chapter,  in  which  he  describes  the  suc- 
cessive tours  made  by  English  and  some 
continental  tourists.  The  first  English 
publication  which  gave  any  account  of 
Norwegian  scenery  was  by  Mary  WooU- 
stonecraft,  afterwards  Mrs.  Godwin,  who 
made  a  short  residence  upon  the  coast  in 
the  year  1795.  Next  follow  the  well-known 
Travels  of  Dr.  Clarke,  not  published  until 
1819,  ten  years  after  he  was  in  Norway; 
the  only  intervening  publication  being 
some  views  made  by  an  artist  named  Edy, 
some  time  before  1815.  Captain,  after- 
wards Sir  A.  Do  Capell  Brooke,  was  the 
first  English  tourist  that  accomplished  the 
journey  to  the  northern  extremity  of  the 
European  continent  ;  his  Travels  were 
published  in  1822.     Mr.  Price's  excursion 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol,  XLI. 


took  place  in  1 826  ;  and  the  year  after  he 
was  followed  by  Mr.  H.  D.  Inglis,  who 
published  first  under  the  nom  de  voyage 
of  Derwent  Conway,  and  afterwards  under 
his  proper  name.  In  1827  and  1828  the 
Rev.  Robert  Everest  accomplished  the 
most  extensive  tour  in  Norway  yet  per- 
formed by  any  English  traveller ;  its  re- 
sults were  published  in  1829.  He  was 
followed  in  1830  by  Mr.  C.  B.  Elliot,  and 
in  1834  by  Mr.  John  Barrow,  who  both 
also  favoured  the  world  with  the  result  of 
their  observations.  In  1835  Lieut.  W.  H. 
Breton,  R.N.  published  *'  Scandinavian 
Sketches f '  in  1836  appeared  a  "Journal  of 
a  Residence  in  Norway,^'  by  Samuel  Lain^, 
esq.  1834  to  1836;  and  in  1840  "  Norway 
and  the  Norwegians,"  by  R.G.  Latham,  esq. 
In  1847  Mr.  Forester  and  Lieut,  (now 
Capt.)  Biddulph,  R.  Art.  planned  a  series 
of  excursions  through  unftrequented  parts 
of  Norway,  which  they  achieved  during 
the  two  following  years,  and  which  are 
fttlly  described  in  Mr.  Forester's  own 
volume  of  Travels.  Besides  these  works, 
of  which  Mr.  Forester  renders  a  full  ac- 
count, he  alludes  to  Mr.  Belton's  *'Two 
Summers  in  Norway,"  in  which  salmon- 
fishing  is  cleverly  treated,  and  to  a  book 
by  Mr.  Lloyd,  who,  as  far  as  bear-killing 
goes,  is  the  Gordon  Cumming  of  the  Nor- 
wegian wilds ;  and,  among  the  landscape 
painters,  to  Danby,  West  of  Bristol,  John 
William  Edy,  Colonel  Skioldebrand,  Vis- 
count  Adalbert  de  Beaumont,  and,  last, 
the  Rev.  Alfred  Smith,  whose  *'  Sketches 
in  Norway"  were  published  in  1847. 
From  such  materials,  reviewed  in  no  hasty 
spirit,  but  rather  digested  in  the  course  of 
actual  use  and  consumption,  Mr.  Forester 
has  compiled  the  very  excellent  manual 
before  us,  which,  while  it  supplies  (in  its 
second  chapter)  practical  suggestions  to 
embryo  travellers,  and  a  descriptive  series 
of  routes  for  the  whole  country,  can  only 
be  compared  to  some  of  the  best  of  Mur- 
ray's Continental  Handbooks,  as  present- 
ing an  epitome  of  every  branch  of  infor- 
n^ation  requisite  to  the  attainment  of  the 
proper  advantages  and  pleasures  of  travel, 
the  mitigation  of  its  inconveniences,  and 
the  greatest  economy  of  time  and  personal 
fatigue. 


Antiquities  of  Shropshire,  By  the  Rev. 
R.  W.  Eyton,  Rector  qf  Ryton,  Parts  I. 
to  III.  Royal  8oo. — The  present  age  has 
not  been  very  prolific  in  that  important 
class  of  publications — Connty  Histories, 
and  such  publications  of  this  kind  as  have 
appeared  latterly  have  been  mostly  of  a 
pictorial  or  popular  character.  In  fact  a 
bon&fide  county  history  is  a  very  labori- 
ous undertaking,  suflScient  to  exhaust  the 
zeal  of  a  man's  life.     His  materials  are 

3S 


498 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[May, 


very  far  from  being  ready  at  hand,  for  he 
ha8  to  wade  through  centuriefl  of  publio 
records,  he  has  to  hunt  through   public 
and  private  collections  for  monastic   or 
other  chitrtalaries,  and  he  has  to  seek  up 
local  records  in  great  variety  and  almost 
innumerable.  The  materials  thus  collected 
recjuire  great  local  knowledge,   no  little 
talent,  und  a  farther  supply  of  patience, 
to  render  them  available ;  and,  when  the 
work  is  at  last  completed,  there  are  so 
few  persons  who  really  appreciate  it,  that 
the  author  may  think  himself  unusually 
fortunate,  if,   in   raising  for  himself   an 
honourable  memorial,  he  escapes  a  consi- 
derable pecuniary  loss.  Such  are  the  diffi- 
culties which  a  county  historian  has  gene- 
rally to  encounter,  and  it  requires  courage 
as  well  as  zeal  to  face  them.     By  restrict- 
ing his  Aeld  within  certain  historical  limits, 
Mr.  Eyton  has  abridged  the  actual  labour  of 
such  a  work  considerably,  but,  at  the  same 
time,  he  has  chosen  that   period  during 
which  the  materials  are  most  disjointed 
and   imperfect,   and  therefore    the    most 
troublesome  to  deal  with.  We  need  hardly 
observe   that  the  twelfth   and  thirteenth 
centuries  form  the  most  interesting  and 
important  period  of  our  local  annals.  Mr. 
Eyton  confines  himself  mainly  to  the  in- 
terval which  elapsed  between  the  Norman 
Conquest  and  the  death  of  Henry  III.  or, 
in  other  words,  he  has  undertaken  the  terri- 
torial history  of  the  county  from  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  lands  as  it  appears  in  the 
Domesday  Survey  to  that  which  we  find  in 
the  Hundred  Rolls.  At  the  former  period, 
nearly  the  whole  county  of  Salop  formed 
the  princi'ly  palatinate  of  the  Norman  Earl 
Roger  de  Montgomery,  and  was  parcelled 
out,  under  him,  to  a  number  of  subordi- 
nate chieftains*     In  the  long  series  of  in- 
testine struugles  which   occurred  during 
the  two  centuries  that  followed  the  death 
of  the  Conqueror,  the  border  landholders 
had  been  especially  active,  and  the  work 
of  attainder  and  confiscation,  independent 
of  other   causes,    had   produced  a  great 
revolution,  not  only  in  the  possession  of 
the   land,  but    in   the   character  of  the 
tenure.     Mr.  Eyton  has,  we  think  judici- 
ously, unless  he  could  undertake  the  whole, 
relinquished  the  tamer  process  of  tracing 
the   manorial   possessors   from  father   to 
son,    or  through  the   process   of   inter- 
marriage,  or  exchange,   or    sale,   which 
fills  up  mainly  the  period  since  the  thir- 
teenth century,  to  devote  himself  entirely 
to   tliat  more  stirring    period   when  the 
change  of  landlords  was  more  frequently 
decided  by  the  fortune  of  the  sword. 

We  are  told  in  the  prospectus,  that 
Mr.  Ey  ton's  "  Antiquities  of  Shropshire  ** 
is  to  form  five  volumes,  each  consisting  of 
four  parts.    Of  these  twenty  parts,  we 


have  three  before  oa,  containiiig  a  grmi 
part  of  the  Norman  hundred  of  Alnodee- 
treu,  which  included  almost  a  qaarter  of 
the  modem  county,  and  upon  these  we 
may  safely  give  an  opinion  on  the  manner 
in  which  the  author  is  performing  his  task. 
He  seems  to  as  to  have  examined  and  ap- 
preciated the  original  materials  most  care- 
fully and  conscientiously.    The  statemeat 
of  Domesday  Book  with  regard  to  each 
manor  is  explained  and  compared  widi 
its  subsequent  condition,  and  the  Tariou 
changes   and  other    circumstances    ooa* 
nected  with  it  aire  detailed  with  as  mndi 
precision  as  the  materials  will  allow.   Mr. 
Eyton's  style  is  simple  and  concise,  yet, 
at  the  same  time,  it  is  mach  more  attrao* 
tive  than  that  in  which  such  works  are  too 
often  written,  and,  in  spite  of  the  natural 
dryness  of  the  subject,  when  we  once  tako 
it  into  our  hand,  we  are  led  on  from  page 
to  page  with  a  certain  degree  of  intereat 
created  by  the  book  itself.    Nor  doea  the 
author,   in  tracing  the  Shropshire  laada 
from  one  generation  to  another,  ever  let 
slip  an  opportunity  of  treating  na  with 
notices  of  curious  customs  or    striking 
touches  of  contemporary  manners  or  indl« 
vidual  character.     Many  too  are  the  in- 
stances we  here  meet  with  of  acts  of  Tto- 
lence  and  injustice  by  the  stronger  land- 
holders against  the  weaker.    As  an  exam- 
ple,  we  may  state    that  one  of  theMf 
Thomas  Corbet,  of  Tasley,  no  doubt  one  of 
the  proud  landholders  of  his  day.  Lay  al 
the  same  time  under  prosecution  for  en- 
croachments u])on  the  rights  of  the  Grown 
and  for  using  violent  injustice  in  r^ard 
to  an  inferior  landholder;  and  in  the  latter 
case,   the  local  court,  without  fairly  In- 
vestigating the  cause,  adjudged  the  right 
to  the  stronger  party,  but  its  judgment 
was  reversed  in  the  King^  court.     TIm 
following  is  the  brief  report  of  proceed- 
ings in  the  latter. 

**  Richard  <le  Prestone  complaineth  of 
Thomas  Corbel,  of  Tassele,  for  that  on  the 
day  of  the  Invention  of  the  Holy  Croee,  In 
the  eighteenth  year  of  the  King  (Edw.  I.), 
he  seized,  or  caused  to  be  seized  by  Peter 
de  Tassele,  his  servant,  in  Morfield,  aixtaen 
ewe  sheep  of  32».  value,  and  eleven  wethen 
of  2*29,  value,  and  still  unjustly  detains  the 
same,  whereby  said  Richard  saye  that  he 
is  damaged  to  the  extent  oC  lOOt.,  and 
therefore  he  produceth  witnesses  (stefo»)p 
&C.  The  same  Richard  de  Preetono  com- 
plaineth of  William  Cresset,  that  on  WeA- 
uesday  in  feast  of  the  Decollation  of  8L 
John  Baptist,  in  the  king's  nineteentfi 
year,  he  took  two  of  said  fichard'a 
of  2O9.  value,  and  one  heifer  of  half  n 
value,  and  caused  them  to  he  dri^ 
the  manor  of  Thomas  Corbet  de  Tadey» 
at  Adlee  (Hadley),  and  there  dotdao  them | 


1854.] 


Miscellaneoui  Reviews. 


499 


whereby  he  (Richard)  hath  damage  of  40«. 
and  thereof  he  prodaceth  witnesses. 

**  And  Thomas  Corbet  and  William 
Crasset  appear,  and  deny  the  violence  and 
injury,  Ulc,  And  Thomas  Corbet  saith  that 
the  sheep  belonged  to  Richard  Fitz- 
Thomas,  his  villain ;  and  that  he  seized 
them  as  his  own  proper  chattels,  and  in 
his  own  demesne,  as  he  was  well  entitled 
to  do.  And  hereof  he  puts  himself  upon 
the  country  (a  jury),  and  Richard  de 
Preston  likewise  (puts  himself).  . 

**  And  William  Crasset  saith  that  Rich- 
ard de  Preston  impleaded  the  aforesaid 
Thomas  Corbet  in  the  county  (court)  for 
unjust  seizure  of  said  cows  and  heifer, 
and  the  result  was  that  they  were  adjudged 
to  Thomas  Corbet  as  chattels  of  Richard 
Fitz-Thomas,  his  villain ;  and  that  under 
that  decision  he  (William),  as  the  king's 
bailiff,  and  by  order  of  the  sheriff,  seized 
them  and  delivered  them  to  Thomas  Corbet. 

(The  sentence.)  '*  Because  William 
Crasset  acknowledges  the  seizure,  and 
now  shows  no  warrant  whereby  he  could 
have  any  authority  to  seize  the  said  beasts 
or  deliver  them  to  Thomas  Corbet,  it  is 
decreed  that  Richard  de  Preston  do  reco- 
ver the  cows  and  heifer,  as  against  William 
Crasset,  and  his  damages,  which  are  taxed 
at  two  merks.  And  let  William  Crasset 
be  kept  in  custody. 

*'  And  as  to  the  sheep,  (the  jurors  find 
that)  they  were  Richard  Fitz -Thomas's, 
and  given  by  him  into  charge  of  Richard 
de  Preston,  and  Thomas  Corbet  took  them, 
the  said  Thomas  not  being  seized  of  Rich- 
ard Fitz-Thomas  as  of  a  villain  by  whom 
he  could  claim  to  appropriate  sheep  as  his 
own  proper  chattels.  And  because  it  is 
found  by  the  jury  that  Thomas  Corbet 
seized  them,  &c.  out  of  his  demesne, 
&c.,  although  they  were  Richard  Fitz- 
Thomas' s,  of  whom  he  was  not  possessed, 
as  of  a  villain,  it  is  decreed  that  Richard 
recover  the  sheep  and  his  damages,  which 
are  taxed  by  the  jury  at  30^.,  against  said 
Thomas  Corbet.  And  Thomas  Corbet  is 
in  misericordia.** 

The  clergy,  in  these  respects,  were  quite 
as  overbearing  as  the  laity,  and  they  ma- 
naged often  to  exercise  oppression  with 
even  greater  impunity.  A  case  of  this  kind 
occurs  in  the  chapel  of  Aston  Eyre,  as 
laid  open  by  certain  charters  in  the  Salop 
cartulary  analysed  by  Mr.  Eyton,  who 
remarks  on  them  : — 

"  I  have  been  particular  to  give  at  some 
length  the  contents  of  these  successive 
charters,  lest  the  injustice  which  they 
imply  should  escape  ideutification.  A  be- 
nevolent layman  founds  and  endows  a 
church  ;  a  pious  bishop  consecrates  it.  It 
happens  to  be  a  district  where  a  great 
abbey  claims  a  prescriptive  parochial  juris- 
diction, but  by  no  meaoi  tazei  itself  with 


such  a  cure  of  souls  as  would  necessitate 
the  foundation  of  more  churches.  In  pro- 
cess of  time,  the  said  abbey  not  only  ap- 
propriates part  of  the  endowment  of  the 
district  church,  but  claims  a  right  of  pre- 
sentment to  the  residue.  The  founder's 
heir  remonstrates  or  contests  the  matter. 
The  diocesan  bishop  is  the  judge.  He 
awards  the  right  of  advowson  to  the  abbey, 
his  expectation  being  that  he  himself  shall 
nominate  to  the  existing  vacancy.  Wicked 
as  was  the  fiscal  element  of  Henry  the 
Eighth's  Reformation,  truly  it  was,  in  its 
very  wickedness,  but  a  measure  of  retribu- 
tion !  The  Church  which  had  robbed  and 
cheated  was  in  turn  plundered.*^ 

These  extracts  relate  to  matters  of  more 
general  interest,  and  are  scattered  here 
and  there  through  the  pages  of  Mr, 
£y ton's  book,  which  of  course  is  one,  as 
to  its  general  design,  of  local  interest,  and 
one  which  we  doubt  not  every  gentle- 
man's library  in  the  county  will  possess. 
Hitherto,  Shropshire  has  really  possessed 
no  county  history  at  all,  but  we  can  safely 
say,  from  an  examination  of  these  three 
parts,  that,  in  the  limits  which  Mr.  Eyton 
has  taken,  it  will  now  possess  one  deserv- 
ing to  rank  with  the  very  best  works  of 
the  kind. 

Before  we  close  our  notice,  we  must  say 
a  word  on  Mr.  Eyton's  illustrations.  He 
has  had  no  intention  of  producing  a  popu- 
lar work,  and  much  less  a  pictorial  one, 
and  our  readers  must  not  suppose  by  the 
title  that  he  intended  to  enter  much  into 
what  is  more  especially  designated  the 
'*  archseology*'  of  the  county.  But  there 
is  one  class  of  monumental  antiquitira 
which  belong  rather  more  particularly  to 
his  subject,  as  he  has  taken  it,  and  ihose 
are  the  remains  of  Norman  architecture, 
the  memorials,  indeed,  of  many  of  the 
manorial  proprietors  whose  history  occu- 
pies his  pen.  Each  number  contains  three 
very  fine  engravings  on  wood,  from  draw- 
ings by  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Petit.  The  sub- 
jects of  those  already  published  are,  a 
view  of  the  church  of  Upton  Cressett ; 
the  Norman  chancel  of  Quatford ;  the 
south  chancel  door  at  Morville  ;  the  curi- 
ously sculptured  doorway  head,  or  tym- 
panum, of  Aston  Eyre  church;  archi- 
tectural details  from  Morville  ;  the  sculp- 
tured Norman  fonts  at  Morville  and  Upton 
Cressett ;  and  incised  slabs  at  Quatford.  . 


Armenia :  a  Year  at  Srzeroom,  and  on 
the  Frontiers  of  RuitiOt  Turkey,  and 
Persia,  By  the  Hon,  Robert  Curzon. — 
The  object  of  Mr.  Curzon's  year's  resi- 
dence in  Armenia  is  briefly  detailed  in  his 
preface.  The  border  tribes,  on  the  con- 
fines of  Turkey  and  Persia,  from  Mount 
Ararat  to  the  Western  Euphrates,  hare 
almost  from  time  immemorial  been  the 


500 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[May, 


terror  and  sconrge  of  travellers  and  mer- 
chants. The  Koords,  headed  by  certain 
Rob  Roys  of  their  own,  pillage  the  unfor- 
tunate caravans  without  mercy,  and  are 
greatly  facilitated  in  their  work  by  the 
serere  climate  and  the  nature  of  the  coun- 
try, for  months  in  every  year  buried  in 
snow. 

Turkey  and  Persia,  alike  annoyed  by 
these  banded  incorrigible  tribes,  requested 
in  1842  the  aid  of  England  and  her  present 
enemy,  the  Czar,  in  forming  a  district  line 
of  border  between  their  respective  coun- 
tries; to  be  followed  by  a  treaty  of  alliance, 
by  means  of  which  each  power  might  give 
fedr  notice  to  the  barbarian  Koords,  that,  if 
forays  were  undertaken,  it  must  be  en- 
tirely on  their  own  account,  and  not,  as 
heretofore,  on  the  pretence  that  what  was 
disagreeable  to  Turkey  wouM  be  well 
pleasing  to  Persia,  and  vice  verta.  They 
were,  in  short,  to  be  put  in  their  proper 
position  as  robbers  and  outlaws,  disclaimed 
by  both  parties  ;  and  a  conference  between 
a  Turkish,  a  Persian,  a  Russian,  and  an 
English  Commissioner  was  appointed  to 
beat  the  bounds,  and  thus  to  tranquilize 
the  country. 

A  broad  belt  of  land  between  Persia  and 
Turkey  being  considered  as  neutral  ground, 
the  difficulty  was  complicated  by  the  claims 
of  some  of  the  tribes  inhabiting  it,  and  it 
was  necessary  to  take  the  evidence  of  the 
local  chieftains  ;  meantime,  Col.  Williams, 
the  English  Commissioner,  fulling  ill,  Mr. 
Curzon,  at  that  time  Secretary  to  Sir  Strat- 
ford Canning,  took  his  place.  Afterwards 
Col.  Williams  recovered,  and,  from  his 
closer  and  more  lengthened  researches 
into  the  history  and  peculiarities  of  these 
regions,  Mr.  Curzon  authorises  us  to  expect 
a  far  more  valuable  volume  than  his  own. 

We  are  glad  to  look  forward  to  this : 
for  Mr.  Curzon's  book,  though  lively  and 
clever,  is  rather  disappointing.  The  tone 
is  flashy,  and  the  survey  superficial.  It  is 
not  matter  of  congratulation  when  a  writer 
gets  the  habit  of  dealing  with  great  crimes 
and  abominable  criminals  jestingly.  Im- 
perceptibly, perhaps,  Mr.  Curzon  has 
fallen  into  this,  from  a  residence  among 
specimens  of  humanity,  combining  just 
that  amount  of  barbarism,  with  some  of 
the  accidents  of  civilization,  which  tickle 
the  risible  faculties  of  a  merry-hearted 
man.  But  jesting  on  such  monsters  as 
one  hears  of  in  these  pages  is,  to  say  the 
least,  in  bad  taste. 

Still,  to  be  fair  to  Mr.  Curzon, — his 
mission  dates  back  more  than  ten  years; 
looking  at  the  past  through  the  interven- 
ing period,  he  has  acquired  a  fixed  habit 
probably  of  viewing  the  barbaric  phase  of 
mnn  as  one  of  the  necessary  stages  of  his 
course,  and  the  details  he  gives,  in  as  far 
as  they  were  witnessed  by,  or  faithfully 


reported  to  him  on  the  spot,  have  an  in- 
terest for  us  at  this  time  on  which  he  doea 
well  to  calculate.  We,  however,  like  him 
best  on  his  own  subject,  the  invalnaUa 
treasures  still  existing  in  Armenia  of  tbib 
MS.  kind,  and  regret  exceedingly  that  ill- 
ness prevented  his  visiting  the  patriarchal 
Monastery  of  Etchmiazin,  where,  he  be- 
lieves, nearly  2,000  MSS.  yet  remain  un- 
known, or  little  known,  "  unless,"  he  aaja, 
**  within  these  few  years  they  have  been 
examined  by  any  Russian  antiquary.  No 
other  traveller,**  adds  Mr.  Curzon,  **  haa 
been  there  who  was  competent  to^verlook 
a  dusty  library,  so  as  to  give  any  idea,  not 
of  what  there  is,  but  even  of  what  it  may 
be  likely  to  contain.** 

What  might  appear  rash  in  this  aaaertion 
is  explained  by  the  remark,  that,  in  order 
to  seize  on  these  treasures,  or  form  an 
accurate  general  notion  of  their  eziateooe* 
requires  a  peculiarly  cultivated  habit  of 
observation;  a  mere  student  of  ancient 
MSS.  would  require  time,  and  would  loae 
by  delay  what  it  is  absolutely  necessary 
to  snatch  almost  on  the  wing.  A  pra^ 
tised  eye  and  quick  hand  will  seize  in  a 
moment  what  is  of  value,  and  this,  remem- 
bering  what  we  have  read  of  the  jealonay 
of  the  ignorant  keepers  of  these  treasurea, 
is  an  argument  of  no  little  weight  in  favour 
of  a  quick-sighted  gentleman,  who  will 
have  made  his  bargain,  while  a  alow  pro- 
fessor is  sweeping  the  cobwebs  from  theie 
dusty  records. 

Any  way,  we  should  like  to  have  a  few 
more  of  them  exposed  to  learned  and  lei- 
surely examination  here.  Our  Bodleian 
Library  has  about  20  volumes,  the  Britieh 
Museum  not  more,  if  so  many  ;  the  Royal 
Library  at  Paris  about  ?00.  Of  private 
collections  there  are  few.  Mr.  CnnHm 
himself  has  about  12,  of  which  he  describea 
two  as  splendid  specimens.  In  the  Con- 
vent of  St.  Lazaro,  at  Venice,  there  are 
great  treasures.  About  1,200  Armenian 
MSS.  are  not  only  tiored  there,  but  Uieir 
value  is  appreciated,  and  good  use  made  of 
them  by  their  possessors.  Among  them 
are  three  copies  of  the  Gospels,  and  one 
Ritual  written  in  uncial  letters,  besidea  aiz 
or  seven  richly  illuminated  copies  of  the 
Scriptures. 

The  WanderiHfft  of  Pertiles  mnd  Sigi^- 
munda,  A  Northern  Story.  By  Miguel 
de  Cervantes  Saavedra. — We  spoke  at 
such  length  of  this  volume  in  our  Mardh 
number  that  little  remains  to  be  added, 
save  the  expression  of  our  commendatioD 
touching  the  way  in  which  the  trantlator*a 
work  has  been  effected  The  task  involved 
was  by  no  means  a  slight  one.  A  modem 
Spanish  farce  presents  few  diffienltiea, 
even  to  a  student  who  has  not  made  mneh 
progress  in  the  language ;  Irat  it  it  qoHo 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


501 


another  matter  with  an  idiomatical  work 
by  Cervantes.  Difficult  as  the  task  must 
have  been,  it  has  been  most  gracefully  ac- 
complished, and  the  record  of  the  wander- 
ings of  the  marvellous  pair  reads  like  an 
old  chronicle  penned  by  an  old  English 
author,  whose  elaborate  care  was  only  sur- 
passed by  the  fire  of  his  imagination.  We 
think  the  story  is  improved  by  its  being 
broken  up  into  individual  histories  ;  it  is 
just  such  a  wild  and  wondrous  romance 
as  this  that  gains  by  such  an  arrangement. 
We  have  spoken  of  such  of  its  details  as 
do  considerable  violence  to  truth  and  pro- 
bability, but  those  are  not  more  beyond 
fact  and  possibility  than  are  many  of  the 
details  in  the  Monte  Christo  and  the 
Pauline  of  Dumas.  If  Cervantes  was  oc- 
casionally extravagant,  it  was  doubtless 
because  he  chose  to  be  so.  That  be  could 
be  truthful  and  natural  we  all  know ;  but, 
if  proof  of  the  same  were  needed,  it  would 
only  be  necessary  to  point  to  the  brief,  too 
brief,  introduction  to  the  Wanderings.  It 
is  really  a  marvel  in  its  way.  It  is  little  to 
say  of  it  that  it  has  the  picturesque  facility 
of  Sterne  ;  it  is  a  picture  entirely  originid 
in  subject  as  in  treatment ;  so  thoroughly 
graphic  that  every  accessory  in  it  not  only 
clearly  presents  itself  to  the  eye  but  clings 
to  the  memory.  Thus,  for  instance,  we 
not  only  admire  the  sick  author,  the 
student,  and  the  mules,  but  we  also  admire 
the  care  with  which  honest  Miguel  is  made 
to  look  almost  defiant  against  the  sickness 
that  so  mercilessly  deprives  him  of  the 
wine-cup.  So  again  with  the  student,  he 
is  already  more  familiar  to  us  than  the 
Don  Basilio  whom  we  have  seen  so  many 
scores  of  times  in  II  Barbiere.  And  not 
only  the  student,  but  his  bands,  those 
troublesome  bands  that  never  would  set 
properly,  and  that  were  always  getting 
awry  !  Let  young  authors  study  this  in- 
troduction alone,  and  they  will  find  their 
account  in  so  doing.  What  an  artist  was 
he  who  was  so  cunning  in  word-painting, 
when  he  worked  even  in  the  very  shadow 
of  that  Death  by  whom  he  was  so  soon 
afterwards  stricken  down  I 


Af.  Minucii  Felicia  Octavius,  Edited 
by  H.  A.  Holden,  M.A,  Pott  Svo.pp.  sL 
260. — This  volume  is  edited  for  the  Cam- 
bridge University  Press.  The  editor,  who 
is  Classical  Lecturer  of  Trinity  College, 
has  also  published  an  expurgated  Aris- 
tophanes. His  object  in  supervising  the 
republication  of  Minucius  Felix  is  to  have 
the  Octavius  used  in  our  schools  and 
universities  '^  as  a  substitute  for  some 
Pagan  writer  of  inferior  claims,"  and  as 
an  introduction  to  the  other  Christian 
Apologists.  As  this  edition  is  designed 
for    younger  students,  explanatory  notes 


are  given,  and  illustrations  introduced 
from  authors  of  the  nearest  age,  "  more 
especially  from  Tertullian,  whose  apolo- 
getic treatise  is  in  itself  a  commentary 
upon  our  dialogue.''  (p.  viii.)  Not  that 
Mr.  Holden  considers  Tertullian  as  the 
later  writer;  on  the  contrary  he  regards 
Minucius  as  the  copyist,  and  the  Apology 
as  "  the  production  of  an  original  mind, 
called  for  by  the  exigency  of  the  times, 
and  stamped  with  a  peculiar  character  of 
its  own."  (xx.)  But  for  questions  con- 
cerning the  literary  history  of  the  Octa- 
yius,  the  reader  must  consult  the  Intro- 
duction, in  which  they  are  fully  examined, 
and  the  Dissertation  of  Balduinue  (Bau- 
douin)  which  is  prefixed  to  the  text  Be- 
fore the  time  of  Adrian  Junius  this  work 
was  considered  as  the  eighth  book  of 
Amobius  Adversus  Gentes,  owing  to  its 
title  being  misunderstood,  and  was  first 
published  as  such  with  Amobius  at  Rome 
in  1542.  Harles,  who  mentions  this  fact, 
gives  this  character  of  the  dialogue  :  "  In 
Dlo  libello  ....  Minucius  causam  Chris- 
tianorum,  si  eum  cum  ceteris  scriptoribus 
ecclesiasticis  comparas,  eleganter  defendit. 
Sed  in  dictione  modisque  loquendi  et 
forma  dialogi,  non  minus  quam  in  refa- 
tandis  a  vero  Dei  cultu  alienorum  erro- 
ribus,  desiderabis  sensum  pulcri  rectique, 
et  judicii  acumen.''  (Notitia  Latina,  p. 
217.)  2.  M.  Nodier,  in  his  "  Biblio- 
th^que  Sacree  "  (1826),  which  is  founded 
on  Dr.  Harwood's  Notices  of  Editions  of 
the  Fathers,  says :  '*  Le  style  de  cet 
^crivain,  d'ailleurs  plein  de  solidity  et  de 
savoir,  est  extr^mement  ^l^gant;  et  c'est 
peut-6tre  I'exces  de  cette  parure  inusit^e 
dans  les  livres  austeres  des  premiers  Chre- 
tiens, qui  a  fait  dire  a  certains  critiques 
modernes  que  le  fameux  dialogue  de  Minu- 
tius  ^toit  moins  I'ouvrage  d*un  theolonen 
qui  a  profond^ment  ^tudi^  les  matieres 
s^rieuses  dont  ii  s'occupe,  que  celui  d*un 
homme  du  monde  qui  exerce  a  plaisir  son 
imagination  sur  une  matiere  donn^e." 
(p.  158-9.)  3.  M.  Bengnot,  in  his  Prize 
*'  Histoire  de  la  Destruction  du  Paganisme 
en  Occident "  (1835),  speaks  morefaToor- 
ably,  and  probably  from  greater  know- 
ledge. **  Minutius  Felix,  avocat  disting^^, 
voulut  rendre  popnlaire  le  proces  reli- 
gieux  qui  se  d6battait  au  tribunal  de  Pem- 
pire  romain.  Dans  un  dialogue  intitul6 
Octavius  il  mit  en  sc^ne  un  paien  et  un 
Chretien  qui  exposent  et  discutent  avec 
beaucoup  de  clarte,  de  calme  etde  science 
les  graudes  questions  qui  dans  ce  temps 
preoccupaient  tons  les  esprits  s^rieux. 
Les  Chretiens  exprimerent  le  regret  que 
Minutius  Felix  n^eiit  pas  devoue  sa  vie 
enti^re  a  la  defense  d'une  religion  qui 
d^ja  lui  devait  beaucoup."  (vol.  i.  p.  119- 
120.)    And    after  justly  observing  that 


502 


Miicellaneoui  Reviews, 


the  Pagans  ahrank  from  a  literary  con- 
teat,  he  says  the  Christians  were  forced 
to  introduce  an  imaginary  heathen  dis- 
putant in  their  polemical  writings;  adding, 
<*  rOctavius  de  Minutius  Felix  en  fonmit 
la  preuve." »  (p.  166.)  4.  Dr.  Adam 
Clarke,  in  his  ^*  Ecclesiastical  Literature,*' 
calls  it  "  a  learned  and  eloquent  defence 
of  the  Christian  religion,"  or  rather  ''a 
confutation  of  idolatry,  an  assertion  of 
God's  general  and  particular  Providence, 
and  a  refutation  of  the  absurd  and  abo- 
minable calumnies  urged  against  the  Chris- 
tians." (i.  155.)  5.  Mr.  Riddle,  in  his 
<*  Ecclesiastical  Antiquitien,*'  sums  up  an 
analysis  of  it  by  saying,  **  This  treatise,  in 
short,  contains  a  well- condensed  state- 
ment of  the  arguments  for  and  against 
Christianity  which  were  current  at  the 
beginning  of  the  third  century."  (p.  7G-7.) 
The  editor  has  given  Jjindner's  Jjntin 
analysis,  and  a  marginal  one  of  his  own  in 
English.  There  are  also  "  copious  In- 
dices," but  the  general  one  omits  the  cele- 
brated passages  on  images,  z.  S^,  zzix.  7, 
xzxii.  1.  The  editor  writes  Rigaut  for 
Riganlt,  and  neglects  to  translate  the  name 
of  Heraldus  (llerauld).  But  these  are 
minor  blemishes,  which  will  probably 
disappear  in  the  next  edition  ;  nor  should 
we  omit  to  mention,  that  as  there  is  only 
one  known  MS.  of  Minucius  (at  Paris)  be 
has  carefully  examined  it.  The  treatise 
of  Cyprian,  De  Yanitate  Idolorum,  which 
is  partly  an  abridgement  of  the  Octayins, 
is  appropriately  appended,  from  the  text 
of  Routh,  with  a  few  alterations. 


Th^  Comedies  of  ArUtophanet.  A  lite- 
ral trantlaiion.  By  W.  J.  Ilickie.  Poet 
8tMi.  3  vole.  (Bohn'e  Classical  Library,) 
— ^We  are  not  very  partial  to  prose  trans- 
lations of  poets,  but  as  there  will  always 
be  students  who  arc  glad  to  hare  the  use 
of  them,  the  demand  (in  the  language  of 
political  economists)  will  insure  a  supply. 
The  text  adopted  is  that  of  Dindorf,  as 
revised  for  Didot's  last  edition.  The 
translator  aims  at  rendering  his  author  as 
closely,  as  the  idioms  of  the  two  languages 
allow,  excepting  in  passages  that  are  ex- 
tremely offensive,  tjnfortunately,  this  a 
a  distinguishing  feature  in  Aristophanes, 
and  Harles  concludes  a  long  paragraph  on 
his  abilities,  by  saying  *'  dicacitate,  ser- 
monisque  acerbitate  ac  petulantia  omnes 
fere  vicit,  legesque  aequitatis  et  dccori  .  .  . 
pudorisque,  et  pneter  mores  reliqua  pm- 
cepta,  Comicis  priescripta,  snpe  migravit." 

*  In  quoting  this  elaborate  work  of  M. 
Reugnot's  we  do  not  mean  to  express 
unqualified  praise  of  it,  for  in  the  latter 
]>ortion  he  shows  the  ecclesiastical  par- 
tiun  very  plainly. 


[May, 

(Lit.  Gr.  p.  138.)  Hii  character  ie  well 
expressed  by  Cicero  in  a  few  words,  **  Fliu 
cetissimus  poeta  veteris  comedic."  (De 
Legibus,  ii.  15.)  Among  the  modernef 
the  reader  may  consult  with  pleasnre  MtU- 
ler's  unfinished  work  on  the  Literature  of 
Greece,  the  elegant  criticism  of  La  Harpe 
(Cours,  vol.  2),  and  Schlegel's  discrimina- 
tive analysis,  in  his  work  on  Dramatic 
Literature.  Wordsworth  remarks,  that  the 
chorus  of  the  Cloudej  before  they  com- 
mence their  flight,  is  replete  with  poetical 
beauty,  and  shows  that  the  poet  might 
have  been  as  distinguished  for  lyrical  aa 
he  was  for  dramatic  excellence,  or,  in  a 
word,  a  Pindar,  if  he  had  not  been  an 
Aristophanes.  (Greece,  p.  88.)  Niebahr, 
who  frequently  introduces  him  in  the  Lei> 
tures  on  Ancient  History,  calls  him  the 
greatest  master  of  comedy  (ii.  34),  and 
also  pronounces  him  to  have  been  a  good 
citizen  (65),  but  warns  us  against  over- 
rating him  as  an  historical  authority.  **  The 
poet  belonged  entirely  to  the  opposition, 
and  therefore  took  the  liberty  of  repreaent- 
ing  the  actual  government  as  being  wroof 
in  all  things,  and  of  devising  opportanl- 
ties  for  censuring  it  on  all  occasions. "f 
(64,  43.)  Yet  he  considers  him  as  "a 
man  not  inferior  to  Thucydides  in  Jiidf- 
ment  and  intellect,  though  in  other  re- 
spects he  is  widely  different  from  him.*' 
(190.)  Heeren's  chapter  on  '*  The  Inflv- 
ence  of  Poetry  on  the  Govemment,*'  la 
his  Political  History  of  Greece,  is  worth 
reading  for  the  remarks  on  comedy,  though 
he  seems  to  underrate  it,  by  arguing  tJMt 
the  representations  of  public  charaeteit 
did  not  injure  them  more  *'  than  the  oul* 
catures  of  modern  times.*'  (p.  278.)  It 
would  be  rather  bold  in  a  commentator  to 
call  Aristophanes  a  political  Gillraj  or 
Rowlandson.  But  we  are  losing  sight  of 
Mr.  Hickie,  and  must  make  amenda  hy 
saying,  that  his  name  is  a  good  ffuaraalee 
for  the  execution  of  his  task.  The  notss 
from  various  editors  are  copious;  and  three 
of  the  plays,  viz.  the  Lysistrata,  Thesmo- 
phoriaznsse,  and  EcclesiasosB  have  never 
appeared  in  prose  before. 

Treatisee  of  Cicero.  By  C.  D.  YoBge, 
n,A,  Poet  Svo.pp.  510.  {Bokn's  Cla*- 
steal  Library.) — This  volume  contains  the 
treatises  on  the  Nature  of  the  Gk^da,  Divi- 
nation, Fate,  Laws,  and  the  ReirahUc. 
The  first  is  a  revision  of  the  translation  hv 
Dr.  T.  Francklin,  1741,  the  otbera  wm 
originally  published  by  P.  Barham,  ea^ 
in  1 841 ;  but  as  the  version  was  too  diffaie 
it  was  referred  to  the  present  rditor,  who 

t  Did  Niebuhr  mean  to  throw  oat  a 
hint  to  young  political  enthosiaata,  with 
whom  demagogues  were  oracles  ? 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


508 


has  revised  it,  and  collated  it  with  recent 
texts.  This,  as  he  observes,  has  occasioned 
material  alterations  and  additions.  The 
letter  of  L.  Cicero  to  his  brother,  "  De 
Petitione  ConsulatCls,"  is  also  given.*  A 
short  account  of  the  discovery  of  the 
treatise  *•  On  the  Commonwealth  "  is  pre- 
fixed to  it.  Mr.  Barham  had  already 
furnished  Introductions,  in  which  he  terms 
the  first  book  '*  a  splendid  epitome  of  the 
political  science  in  the  age  of  Cicero  ;  and 
probably  the  most  eloquent  plea  in  favour 
of  mixed  monarchy  to  be  found  in  all  lite- 
rature." (p.  285.)  Nevertheless  Profes- 
sor Spalding  asserts  that  it  **  has  disap- 
pointed the  hopes  of  scholars."  (Italy,  I. 
129.)  Niebuhr,who  had  studied  it  Marie 
propriOf  says,  *'  In  his  work  *  De  repub- 
lics,' we  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing 
how  little  historical  knowledge  he  pos- 
sessed when  he  began  writing  it."  But 
he  defends  him  from  the  charge  of  mere 
ignorance,  by  arguing,  that  **  the  task  of 
writing  a  history  of  Rome  would  have  re- 
quired a  series  of  studies  for  which  he  had 
no  time."  (Lect.  on  Roman  Hist.  i.  45.) 
Since  its  discovery  in  1822  by  Mai,  it  has 
gone  through  at  least  fourteen  editions  in 
Italy,  Germany,  France,  and  England,  as 
we  have  computed.  A  short  abstract  of 
it  will  be  found  in  Mr.  HoUings*  Life  of 
Cicero,  p.  264-6.  Cicero  himself  (Ad  Q. 
F.  ii.  14)  calls  it  "  spissum  sane  opus  et 
operosura,"  and  says  if  it  succeeds  the  la- 
bour will  be  well  bestowed,  or  if  not  he 
will  throw  it  into  the  sea.  Neither  des- 
tiny precisely  awaited  it,  for  it  is  valued 
as  a  fragment,  a  fate  which  no  author  an- 
ticipates for  his  writings.  It  escapes  the 
obliviun  which  he  dreads,  but  falls  short 
of  the  fame  for  which  he  toils. 


Rome,  Regal  and  Republican ;  a  Family 
Hittory  of  Rome,  By  Jane  Margaret 
Strickland.  Edited  by  Agnes  Strickland. 
— The  story  of  old  Rome,  often  as  it  has 
been  told,  is  still  a  tempting  theme,  at- 
tractive alike  to  the  narrator  and  the  lis- 
tener, to  the  historian  and  to  the  student. 
It  is  a  story  from  which  men  of  all  minds 
may  draw  a  moral ;  contemplate  it  in  any 
point  of  view,  and  it  bears  a  peculiar  in- 
struction. The  philosopher,  the  poet,  the 
politician,  the  moralist,  the  socialist,  and 
the  priest,  can,  each  in  his  separate  way, 
draw  a  moral  from  the  varied  legends  of 
that  ancient  state  *,  and  yet  all  these  have 
erred,  insomuch  as  they  have  all  lent  to 
their  personages  too  theatrical  an  aspect, 
and  students  see  great  characters  pass  in 

*  It  has  been  separately  edited  by  C.  G. 
Schwartz  (Altdorff,  1719);  by  Hummel 
(Nuremburg,  1791)  ;  and  translated  into 
Italian  by  Facdolati  (Padua,  1732). 


proud  array  before  them,  scarcely  remem- 
bering that  they  are  something  more  than 
characters,  and  that,  if  counterfeit  present- 
ments, they  are  presentments  of  stem 
realities.  The  early  scenes,  especially,  of 
Roman  history  have  had  the  colouring  and 
stage  arrangements,  the  machinery,  the 
groupings,  and  the  **  startling  effects  "  of 
some  moving  melodrama,  and  we  have  ad- 
mired the  characters,  because  they  were 
decked  out  so  bravely.  The  truth  is, 
however,  that  Romulus  and  his  foUowere 
were  greater  knaves  than  Ruric  and  his 
fellow-brigands,  in  whom  the  Russians 
applaudingly  behold  the  founders  of  their 
nation.  The  same  view  attaches  to  later 
times.  We  think  of  the  senate  as  some 
of  us  used  to  see  it  in  the  days  when  John 
Kemble  was  Csssar,  Coriolanus,  or  Cato. 
But  the  august  assembly  of  conscript 
fathers  seldom  sat  down  in  such  dignity 
as  their  representatives  nied  to  do  at 
Covent  Garden  and  Old  Drury.  They 
were  too  often  more  like  the  French 
"Mountain"  or  transatlantic  "  Congress," 
when  its  ruling  spirits  are  absent,  and  the 
younger  legislators,  feeling  themselves  at 
ephebie,  indulge  in  flinging  hard  words 
and  bowie  knives  at  each  other.  Later 
historians  have  done  something  towards 
removing  the  view  of  Rome  on  the  stage, 
and  enabling  us  to  contemplate  it  in  its 
natural  condition.  In  this  respect  each 
takes  his  separate  way  and  method,  and 
Miss  Jane  Strickland  has  chosen  hers. 
She  has  not  entirely  succeeded,  simply  be- 
cause she  has  been  too  bold,  boasting  too 
prematurely  that  in  her  volumes  (the 
present  is  the  first  of  a  series)  ''  the 
most  eminent  individuals  in  every  age, 
whether  they  be  heathen  or  Christian,  will 
be  exhibited  ^'ti«/  at  they  played  their  im- 
portant part  in  the  eventful  drama  of  lifis." 
We  might  say  of  this  what  is  said  of 
Ophelia  in  the  play,  "  Methinks  the  lady 
doth  profess  too  much  ;"  and  this  it,  in- 
deed, the  case.  But,  notwithstanding  the 
fact  that  Miss  Jane  Strickland  does  not 
achieve  all  at  which  she  aims,  or  which 
indeed  she  professes  to  have  accomplished, 
it  must,  in  all  fairness,  be  acknowledged 
that  she  has  manifested  very  great 
talent,  and  given  a  very  brilliant  pro- 
mise, which  we  hope  to  see  realised  in 
the  future.  Her  present  volume  com- 
mences with  the  foundation  of  Rome,  and 
closes  with  the  fall  of  the  democracy,  and 
of  the  illustrious  champion  of  that  un- 
grateful section  of  the  people,  C.  Gracchnt. 
,  The  whole  details  concerning  the  Gracchi 
are,  perhaps,  the  best  written  in  the  vo- 
lume ;  and  the  story  of  the  Sempronian 
house,  from  its  origin  till  its  absorption 
into  the  ranks  of  Christianity,  forms  as 
charming  an  episode  at  we  hafe  for  a  long 


504 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[May, 


time  met  with.  We  are  far  less  pleased 
with  a  narrative  from  which  we  had  ex- 
pected more,  the  moving  tale  of  poor  Vir- 
ginia ;  but  in  the  simple  incidents  of  that 
poor  maiden's  story  there  are  difficalties 
which  may  embarrass  an  authoress ;  not  so 
when  she  has  to  portray  the  house,  and 
home,  and  mother  of  the  Gracchi.  There 
is  great  spirit  too  in  the  sketch,  unsatis- 
factorily brief,  of  Lucretia,  her  wrongs 
and  their  revenge.  It  is  indeed  in  narra- 
tive that  our  authoress  excels  ;  and  of  her 
powers  in  this  respect  there  cannot  be  two 
opinions.  The  case  is  different  when  she 
utters  sentiments  ex  caihedrA,  many  of 
which  she  will  find  will  not  be  indorsed  by 
the  world.  The  same  fate  will  follow  some 
of  her  suggestions;  but,  despite  these 
drawbacks,  her  book  is,  as  we  have  said, 
clever,  original,  and  full  of  promise.  We 
muti  add  that  tiie  manuscript  has  been  left 
without  sufficient  revision,  the  editing 
most  carelessly  performed,  and  the  **  re- 
vises **  most  negligently  read.  The  gram- 
matical faults  are  not  few,  slips  of  the  pen 
have  not  been  corrected,  and  grave  errors 
in  style  not  been,  as  they  might  easily 
have  been,  amended.  If  the  authoress 
gave  no  sign  of  proihise,  these  matters 
would  be  hardly  worth  attending  to ;  bat 
the  contrary  being  the  case,  we  trust  that 
our  gentle  animadversions  will  be  accepted 
in  a  friendly  spirit,  and  be  followed  by  the 
improvement  for  the  sake  of  which  they 
are  made.  * 


Salltuif  Florutt  and  Velleius  PatercU' 
lut.  Translated  by  Z,  S.  Watson,  M.A, 
Post  8po.  pp.  xvi.,  560.  (Bohn^s  Classical 
Library,) — There  are  several  precedents 
for  including  these  writers  in  one  volume, 
as  many  editions  in  the  17th  century  com- 
bine them,"*"  and  Battkerville  published 
Sallust  along  with  Florus  iu  1774.t  The 
translator  is  head  master  of  the  Proprietary 
Grammar  School  at  Stockwell,  and  there- 
fore may  be  allowed  to  perform  his  literary 
travels,  without  the  formality  of  his  pass- 
port being  inspected.  However,  as  we 
have  had  occasion  to  use  this  volume 
while  reading  the  Latin  Velleius,  we  can 
bear  witness  to  the  general  excellence  of 
the  version,  and  the  pertincuce  and  utility 
of  the  notes. 

Of  the  principal  of  those  three  histo- 
rians, Niebuhr  says,  "  The  works  of  Sal- 

*  That  of  Jansson,  Amst.  1G47,  16mo. 
contains  no  less  than  ten  minor  historians, 
including  Paulus  Diaconus  and  Jornandes. 

t  Of  this  book  Dr.  Harwood  justly 
says,  "  it  wears  a  wretched  aspect."  In- 
deed it  is  Baskerville's  worst,  owing  to 
the  badness  of  the  paper,  and  as  such  is  a 
curiosity  in  its  kind. 
7 


last  are  of  sach  a  kind,  that  the  more  we 
read  them  the  more  do  we  find  to  admire 
in  them ;  they  are  true  models  of  excellent 
historical  composition."  (i.  356.)  Of  the 
second,  **  The  work  of  Floras,  which  ii 
written  to  supply  this  want  [of  a  general 
notion  of  the  early  history  of  Rome]  is 
extremely  tasteless,  and  shews  a  carelea- 
ness  and  an  ignorance  of  facts  which  are 
quite  astonishing.*'  (ii.  262.)  Of  the 
third,  *'  There  are  excellent  materials  for 
it  [the  early  life  of  Tiberias]  in  Velleina 
Paterculus,  who,  whatever  we  may  thiak 
of  his  personal  character,  is  one  of  the 
most  ingenious  writers  of  antiquity.  He 
very  much  resembles,  in  his  manner  end 
affectation,  the  French  historians  of  the 
18th  century,  especially  those  of  the  time 
of  Louis  XVth,  but  he  possessed  greater 
talent,  and  is  an  excellent  historical 
source."  (ii.  195,  note.)  His  own  charac- 
ter of  Sallust,  *'  iEmulumque  Thncydidis 
Sallustium,"  (b.  ii.  c.  36,)  ought  not  to  be 
omitted  here. 

The  reader  may  be  pleased  to  see  the 
opinions  of  another  critic,  whose  eminence, 
however,  lies  chiefly  in  classical  biblio- 
graphy. Harles,  while  rating  the  per- 
sonal character  of  Sallust  very  low,  allows 
that  **  optimis  ac  gravissimis  historise  scrm- 
toribus  est  jure  adnumerandos.**  (Notitia 
Lat.  p.  66.)  Of  Florus  he  says,  **  Scrip- 
sit  Epitomen  .  .  .  stilo  tumido  et  frigido^ 
et  magis  poetico  aut  panegyrico  in  popa- 
lum  Romanum  quam  historico,  plenoqae 
sententiammatque  argutiarum.*'  (193-4.) 
And  of  Velleius,  "  Eleganter  quidem,  terse 
venustdque  historiam  explicait,  Salloistivm 
imitatus,  sed  stilo  florido  nsus  hand  dia- 
cedit  ab  aurea  simplicitate."  (115.) 

In  the  case  of  Sallust,  Mr.  Watson's 
principal  guide  is  Cortins;  in  that  of 
Florus,  Duker ;  in  that  of  Velleius,  Kranse ; 
while  much  of  Baker's  translation  is  adopt- 
ed, where  it  had  not  been  superseded  by 
Krause's  corrections.  The  reader  will  be 
amused  at  his  gravely  saying,  that  the 
style  of  Florus  **  is  aW/loridity:'  (p.  ziiL) 
The  most  important  fragments  of  Salinst 
have  been  translated,  as  well  as  the  spnii- 
ous  epistles  to  Ceesar,  *'  which  present  a 
good  imitation  of  Sallost's  style,  '  and  this 
Declamations  which  pass  undler  the  aamea 
of  Sallust  and  Cicero.  Niebuhr  saysi 
"  Much  has  already  been  done  for  Salinst, 
but  there  are  yet  many  laurels  to  be 
gained.*'  (ii.  45-6.)  Mr.  Watson  is  ea- 
titled  to  the  praise  of  editorship,  the  tronUe 
of  which  he  has  sedulously  undertaken. 
But  as  we  have  used  his  translation  of 
Velleius,  our  remarks  are  chiefly  directed 
to  that  part  of  the  volume.  He  properly 
includes  the  suspected  passages.  At  e.  32^ 
b.  i.  he  properly  renders  **  A  Lupereall  In 
Palatium  versus,"  (a  passage  whu^  sadly 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


505 


puzzles  learners)  '^  looking  from  the  Lu- 
percal  towards  Mount  Palatine;"  but  he 
should  have  given  a  note,  like  that  in  the 
Bipontine  Index,  "Versus  in  Palatium, 
pro  simplici,  Palatium  versus,  i.  15."* 
At  c.  32,  b.  ii.  he  translates  descripio  by 
raised^  whereas  Newcomb's  old  translation 
(1724)  which  says,  *'  dispersed  in  all  the 
convenient  harbours,"  appears  preferable. 
The  controverted  passage  in  c.  51,  is  ren- 
dered, **  not  a  mere  sojourner  in  Spain, 
but  a  native  Spaniard/'  At  c.  33  he  fol- 
lows the  reading  bellum  Miihridaiicum, 
instead  of  piraticum,  apparently  deferring 
to  Krause,  and  thinking  a  note  unneces- 
sary. At  c.  59,  he  reads  prcevenii,  instead 
of  Hensius*  pnenitet,  in  a  passage  which 
has  exercised  the  ingenuity  of  editors. 
But  we  are  getting  beyond  our  limits,  and 
must  only  add,  that  an  index  to  the  three 
historians  concludes  the  volume. 


ITie  Germania  of  Tacitut,  with  Ethno- 
logical Dissertations  and  Notes.  By  R.  6. 
Latham,  M.D.  F.R.8.  Svo.  pp.  cxxmii, 
180,  elxx.  ( Walton  and  Maberly.)—The 
Works  of  Tacitus.  Vol,  I.  The  Annals. 
Post  8ro.  pp.  464.  {Bohn's  Classical 
Library.) — The  preservation  of  the  works 
of  Tacitus,  so  far  as  time  has  spared 
them,  is  doubtless  owing  to  the  zealous 
vanity  of  his  imperial  namesake,  whose 
partiality,  however,  was  fortunate  in  its 
object.  "  Cornelium  Tacitnm  scriptorem 
historiae  Augusts,  quod  parentem  suum 
eundem  diceret,  in  omnibus  bibliothecis 
collocari  jussit :  et  ne  lectorum  incuria 
deperiret,  librum  per  annos  singulos  deeies 
scribi  publicitus  in  cunctis  archiis  jussit, 
et  in  bibliothecis  poni.^^  (Vopiscus  in 
Tacito,  c.  10,  ex  conj.  Casauboni.)  Of 
late  years,  while  his  works  have  been  col- 
lectively published  by  Orelli,  Walther,and 
Bach,  the  "Germania"  has  been  sepa- 
rately edited  by  Kiessling  (Leipzig,  1832), 
Wcishaupt  (Solothurn,  1844),  and  Mass- 
mann  (Quedlinberg,  1847).  Nor  must  we 
overlook  the  edition  of  it  by  Dr.  W.  Smith, 
in  conjunction  with  the  "  Agricola,"  and 
the  first  book  of  the  Annals.  Niebuhr, 
observing  that  Tacitus  avoids  exuberance 
of  style,  says,  "  This  peculiar  study  of 
conciseness  is  more  prominent  in  the  earlier 
writings,  to  which  his  '  Germania^  belongs, 
than  in  his  later  ones."  (Lect.  on  Roman 
Hist.  ii.  260.)  Crevier  calls  it  a  chrf' 
d^auvrCf  and  has  made  it  so  fully  the  basis 
of  his  chapter  on  German  wars,  that  his 
language,  so  far  as  it  goes,  is  equivalent  to 
a  translation.f 

*  Baker  strangely  renders  this  passage 
'^  who  was  promoted  to  that  office  (Censor- 
ship) from  being  priest  of  Pan.*' 

-f  We  are  here  repeating  a  remark  of 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLL 


Dr.  Latham's  elaborate  volume  is  avow- 
edly '^  of  a  very  different  magnitude  from 
that  of  the  usual  commentators,^'  his  ob- 
ject being  to  trace  the  migrations  of  the 
German  tribes,  in  addition  to  his  author's 
notices.  **  The  work  is  rather  a  com- 
mentary upon  the  geographical  part  of  the 
Oermania,  than  on  the  Germania  itself-* 
the  purely  descriptive  part,  relating  to  the 
customs  of  the  early  Gertaans,  being  passed 
over  almost  siceo  pede,"  He  considers 
the  Germanic  area  of  Tacitus  as  extending 
"  from  the  Rhine  to  the  parts  about  the 
amber-country  of  Courland  in  the  north, 
and  as  far  as  Gallicia  to  the  south.*' 
(p.  xlv.)  This  is  more  extensive  than  that 
of  Springer,  who  defined  the  work  as 
treating  **  de  moribus  victuque  Germane- 
rum,  qui  Westphaliam  incoluerunt**  (See 
Harles,  Not.  Lat  p.  175.)  Everything  in 
ethnology,  as  Dr.  Latham  remarks,  is  a 
conflict  of  difficulties  (p.  106)  ;  but  the 
Westphalian  hypothesis  receives  some  sup- 
port from  his  own  annotations.  (See  on 
chap.  33.)  As  an  editorial  labour,  this 
volume  is  likely  to  have  few  imitators,  and 
fewer  equals.  But,  numerous  and  valuable 
as  are  the  notes,  too  many  extracts  are 
given  at  full  length  from  writers  of  com- 
mon occurrence,  where  references  would 
have  sufficed.  We  only  regret  that  the 
learned  and  laborious  editor  has  not  given 
us  a  translation  of  his  own. 

The  volume  of  the  *^  Classical  Library,** 
which  is  mentioned  above,  is  a  revision  of 
the  "  Oxford  translation,"  with  notes, 
which  are  chiefly  historicaL  As  it  is  not 
a  new  work,  but  a  republication,  its  cha- 
racter is  known.  We  shall  only  observe 
that  Niebuhr,  who  spoke  of  Tacitus'  early 
writings  as  the  most  concise,  appears  to 
contradict  himself  when  he  gives  the  same 
character  to  the  Annals,  which  were 
written  after  the  Histories,  so  difficult  is 
it  to  theorise  on  points  like  this.  Harles 
may  be  quoted  in  support  of  the  latter 
opinion  ;  for  he  says  that  in  the  Annals, 
"  uti  argumentum  poscebat,  stilus  est  sic- 
cior  pressiorque^*  than  in  the  HistorieSf 
"  in  quibus  prsecipue  cemitur  vis  judicii, 
orationis  ubertas  et  sententiarum  copia." 
Perhaps  it  would  be  safest  to  say  that  his 
style  is  marked  by  conciseness,  except  in 
the  Histories,  where  it  is  more  diffuse. 


T^e  Bcclesiastieal  History  of  Socrates, 
Translated.  Post  %vo.  Pp.  xx.  449. 
(Bohn's  Bcclesiastieal  Library.)^ThiM 
history  extends  from  the  accession  of 
Constantine,  A.  d.  305,  to  the  38th  year 
of  Theodosius  II.  thus  including  a  period 

the  late  Professor  Hancock,  of  the  Mill* 
tary  College  at  Sandhurst,  who  had  pro« 
jected  an  edition  for  the  itodents'  use. 

3T 


506 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[May, 


of  140  years,  and  forming  a  sequel  to 
Eusebius.  The  writer  is  sumamed  Seho- 
Ituiicus  from  having  practised  as  an 
advocate,  after  leaving  the  Rhetorical 
Schools.  Mr.  Soames,  in  his  edition  of 
Mosheim,  terms  his  history  **  faithful." 
(i.  440,  note.)  M.  Nodier,  in  his  Biblio- 
theque  Sacr^e,  182C,  says,  "  C'est  un 
dcrivain  mediocre,  mais  un  historien  im- 
portant.*' (p.  414.)  The  continuator  of 
Dr.  Adam  Clarke's  Sacred  Literature 
(Mr.  J.  B.  Clarke)  says,  ''  The  history 
is  very  important  if  we  consider  the  period 
of  which  it  treats ;  and  the  value  of  it 
will  be  increased  if  we  reflect  upon  the 
manner  in  which  it  was  written  .  .  .  Hav- 
ing written  the  two  first  books  on  the 
authority  of  Rufinus,  whose  account  he 
afterwards  found  to  be  partial,  he  revised 
the  whole ;  he  sought  for  information 
from  those  who  lived  at  the  time  when 
the  events  he  records  took  place ;  he  in- 
vestigated documents,  examined  current 
reports,  and  declared  what  he  himself  had 
seen/'  (ii.  224.)  The  prefatory  memoir 
gives  us  no  particulars  of  this  translation, 
but  several  notes  are  ai)pended,  and  a  large 
selection  fromValesius  (Valois),  who  edited 
Socrates  with  Eusebius,  &c.  in  1C68,  is 
placed  at  the  end.  An  indifferent  transla- 
tion of  these  historians,  by  Meredith  lian- 
mer,  was  published  in  1577,  and  for  the 
sixth  time  in  1663.  A  better  one  ap- 
peared in  1683  (reprinted  in  1709,  foUo), 
on  the  basis  of  Valesius ;  and  a  defective 
abridgment  by  Samuel  Parker  was  ])ub- 
lished  in  1729.  The  text  of  Valesius  was 
reprinted  at  Cambridge  in  1 720  by  Read- 
ing, of  whose  labours  M.  Nodier  says, 
"  Edition  trt^-correcte  et  trcs>estimable, 
qu'il  est  difficile  de  surpasser.*'  (p.  412.) 
Harles,  however,  observes,  **  Readingii 
merita  in  critica  parte  baud  adeo  insignia 
fueruut.»'  (Notitia  Gneca,  p.  713.)  M. 
Nodier  mentions  that  a  poor  reprint  was 
published  at  Turin,  with  the  date  of 
Venice,  "  vers  la  fin  du  18"  si^cle,"  but, 
according  to  Harles,  the  year  was  1740 
(p.  751).  It  is  a  great  convenience  to  the 
student  that  these  histories,  which  have 
usually  been  edited  together,  can  now  be 
procured  separately,  and  in  so  cheap  a 
form. 


Descriptions  and  Historical  Notices  qf 
Northumbrian  Castles,  Churches,  and 
Antiquities.  Third  Series.  By  William 
Sidney  Gibson,  Esq,  F.8,A,  8eo.— Some 
of  the  most  interesting  localities  in  the 
North  of  England  are  described  in  these 
pages  with  great  animation  and  true  elo- 
quence. Mr.  Gibson's  style  of  composi- 
tion is  excellent.  Without  being  too  florid 
or  discursive,  he  has  the  art  of  giving  Ufa 
to  description!  which  are  apt  to  be  dry  in 


the  hands  of  the  best  infoniwdi  and  to 
historical  statements  which  tiw  most  ae- 
curate  will  often  fail  to  render  iDiiiuthiff. 
He  employs  tiie  title  <*  Northnmbrin/' 
we  presume,  in  a  wider  and  mora  ancieofc 
sense  than  as  applied  to  the  preaent  cown^ 
of  Northnmberiand ;  for  even  In  his  PIfrt 
Series  there  were  some  arttdea  relating  to 
places  in  the  bishopric  of  Durham :  iti  nb- 
jects  were,  the  mhied  Priory  of  Fhichale; 
the  Abbey  Church  of  Hexham  ;  the  Fa- 
rish    Churches  of   Hongfaton-le»8pring, 
Morpeth,  3othal,  Ovingfaam,  and  Rytoiiy 
the  ancient  Castles  of  Pnidhoe  and  of 
Bothal,  and  the  mined  Abbey  of  New- 
minster.    As  a  Second  Series  he  pnb- 
lished,  Dilston  Hall,  including  memoirs  of 
James  Earl  of  Derwentwater,  "amaityr 
in  the  Rebellion  of  1745,"  and  a  Tirit  to 
Bamburgh  Castle. 

The  present  or  Third  Series  is  oocnpiai 
with  visits  to  Naworth  Castle,  Iianercoit 
Priory,  and  Corby  Castle,  in  Camberland; 
the  ruined  monasteries  of  Brinkbara,  Jai^ 
row,  and  Tynemouth;  Bishop  Middleham 
and  the  town  of  Hartlepool ;  Newcastl»> 
on-Tyne  and  Durham  CathedraL  Host 
of  these  essays  have  been  already  balbn 
the  public  as  papers  read  before  literary 
societies.  The  last  was  written  on  ooobp 
sion  of  the  visit  of  the  Arehssological  In- 
stitute to  Newcastle  and  Dnrhsmi  and 
that  on  Brink  bum  Priory  was  read  at  the 
same  meeting.  The  article  on  Tynemoolh 
Priory  is  commemorative  of  the  ofisffli 
recently  made  for  the  preservation  of  ili 
mins,  in  which  Mr.  Gibson  has  taken  a 
very  efficient  share.  But  we  have  deHvad 
most  pleasure,  perhaps,  in  the  pemasl  of 
the  first  and  the  last  articles,  the  fannw 
describing  that  noble  border-fortrasii 
*'  Naworth  Castle,  and  the  ancient  IjoHa 
of  Gillesland,"  and  the  latter  that  otksr 
famous  mansion  of  the  Uowarda,  Cockf 
Castle  in  Cnmberiand.  The  excellent  taila 
of  Lord  Carlisle  has  accomplished  malfliU 
repairs  at  Naworth,  since  the  fire  by  wUok 
it  was  seriously  injured  in  the  year  1844* 
"  It  was  in  the  walls  of  the  inner  qnai- 
rangle  more  especially  that  the  bvUding 

Buffered.  The  hall,  the  chapel,  the  galkry^ 
and  the  domestic  apartments  were  ao  o^ 
tensively  injured  that  the  £ss*^ea  nn  Us 
the  most  part  of  restored  work.  8tiH» 
these  portions  have  been  rebnilt  in  onoh 
correct  taste  that  they  hsrmoniae  wall  vllk 
the  portions  that  escsped  the  fin  and 
wear  the  hues  of  time.  The  npsln  In  thi 
chapel  of  the  castle  and  the  diief  tnmm 
are  not  yet  (1853)  completed. 

'<  A  more  striking  contrast  con  hardfy 
be  witnessed,  than  hi  passing  fkvna 
light  ehambers,  adapted  for 
fort,  to  the  vaulted  dungeon  at  the 
mentof  the  keep-tower  and  the 


1854.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


607 


above  it  This  was  the  prison  t)f  the 
castle,  and  it  remains  in  all  its  ancient 
gloom  and  terror. 

*'  The  noble  hall  of  Naworth  Castle  is 
now  perhaps  unique  of  its  kind.  The  fine 
open  timber  roof  it  has  received  (from  the 
design  of  Mr.  Salvin,  the  eminent  architect, 
who  has  directed  the  restorations  at  the 
castle,)  contributes  greatly  to  the  antique 
and  impressive  character  of  the  hall.  Over 
the  spacious  fireplace  the  following  appro- 
priate verses  have  been  inscribed  t  on  a 
scroll  bearing  the  date  1844 — 

"our  beautiful  house,  where  oua 

FATHERS  PRAISED  THEE,  IS  BURNED  UP 
WITH  FIRE. 

**  On  a  scroll  bearing  date  1849 — 

"thou  SHALT 'be  CALLED  THE  RE- 
PAIRER OF  THE  BREACH  :  THE  AEaTOREft 
OF  PATHS  TO  DWELL  IN. 

*^  Along  the  whole  length  of  the  hall,  on 
each  side,  heraldic  shields  are  displajd  on 
the  corbels  supporting  the  ribs  of  the  roof. 
Beginning  at  the  upper  (the  south)  end, 
there  are  on  the  eastern  side  the  shields  of 
Howard,  Mowbray,  Braose,  Segrave,  De 
Brotherton,  Fitzalan,  Warren,  Tilney, 
Audley,  Uvedale,  Cavendish:  cm  the 
western  side,  Dacre,  De  Multon,  De  Mor- 
ville,  Vaux,  Engaine,  Estravers,  Grey- 
stoke,  Grimthorp,  Bolebec,  De  Merlay, 
Boteler — a 

♦♦  Long  array  of  mighty  shadows." 

"  The  hall  contains  many  family  por- 
traits, some  fine  tapestry,  and  several 
pieces  of  armour.     *     *     * 

"The  Warders'  Gallery,  instead  of 
being  paced  by  living  guards,  is  now  also 
lined  with  portraits  of  buried  ancestry, 
some  of  which  have  been  brought  from 
Castle  Howard.  The  five  noble  pieces  of 
tapestry  in  the  hall  likewise  came  from 
Castle  Howard.  They  are  said  to  have 
been  made  as  a  marriage  present  to  Henry 
IV.  of  Prance  and  Mary  de  Medicis.  All 
the  armour  that  was  kept  in  the  gallery  at 
the  time  of  the  fire  perished,  but  that 
which  was  in  the  hall  escaped.  A  com- 
plete suit,  now  in  the  gallery,  is  of  elabo- 
rate workmanship.  It  need  not  be  said 
that  all  these  reliques  add  greatly  to  the 
antique  character  and  interest  of  the  vene- 
rable walls,  and  aid  to  place  the  visitor  in 
presence  of  "the  spirit  of  the  olden  time." 

•*  So  Naworth  stands,  still  rugged  as  of  old, 
AmiM  like  a  knjf,'ht  witliout,  austere  and  bold, 
But  all  within  bespeaks  the  better  day, 
And  the  bland  influence  of  a  Carlisle's  sway." 


The  Works  of  Oliver  Goldsmith.  Edited 
6y  Peter  Cunningham,  F.i^.il.  8vo.  (lb 
be  completed  in  Four  Volumes,)  Mur- 
ray's British  Classics. — At  a  time  when 
such  overweening  efforts  are  made  to  pro- 


duce books  at  the  lowest  possible  cost,  to 
the  starvation  of  good  workmanship  both 
literary  and  material,  it  is  refreshing  to 
witness  the  commencement  of  a  better 
order  of  things.  Mr.  Murray's  **  British 
Classics^*  promise  to  be  handsome  but 
sensible  and  unpretending  library  books, 
neither  dear  at  their  present  cost,  nor 
liable  to  deteriorate  materially  in  value 
hereafter.  Such  a  series,  we  should  hope, 
is  likely  to  convince  the  public  not  merely 
that  cheapness  is  perfeetfjr  consistent  with 
a  dear  type  and  good  paper,  but  that 
under  an  opposite  system  it  does  not 
really  deserve  its  name. 

Mr.  Cunningham  has  bestowed  great 
care  upon  this  edition  of  the  Works  of 
Goldsmith.  It  will  not  only  contain  more 
of  his  pieces  than  any  other ;  but  it  is  also 
the  first  in  which  they  will  appear  exactly 
as  their  author  left  them.  Goldsmith  was 
a  careful  corrector  of  his  writings;  but 
Mr.  Cunningham  tells  us  that  in  none  of 
the  numerous  editions  of  his  Poems  have 
"The  Traveller"  and  "The  Deserted 
Village  "  appeared  as  finally  corrected  by 
their  author,  except  in  the  beautiful  and 
most  accurate  volume  edited  by  Mr.  Bolton 
Comey. 

The  same  remark  applies,  in  a  great 
degree,  to  his  prose  writings.  They  have 
been  reprinted  from  early  editions,  withovt 
the  last  touches  of  their  author.  Mr. 
Cunningham  has  been  careful,  not  only 
to  give  the  text  of  the  last  editions,  but 
to  point  out  the  more  important  variations 
of  the  earlier  ones.  Some  of  these,  he 
remarks,  '*  are  of  importance  to  Hm  due 
understanding  of  Goldsmith's  career,  and 
all  contain  useful  lessons  to  the  student 
of  English  prose."  Goldsmith's  biography 
of  Beau  Nash  is  a  remarkable  instance : 
**It  is  written  with  care,  and  finished 
more  through  happiness  than  paina^— 
though  the  pains  were  great,  as  any  one 
may  see  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  com- 
pare, as  I  have  done,  the  two  editions  of 
179>2.  But  former  editors  have  not  trou- 
bled themselves  with  the  second  edition, 
and  consequently  have  missed  whole  pages 
of  new  matter,  with  some  excellent  addi- 
tional stories  and  verbal  corrections." 

Throughout  the  work,  Mr.  Cunningham 
has  remodelled,  and  adopted,  the  notes  of 
his  predecessors,  without  assuming  parti- 
cular credit  for  the  considerable  amount 
of  fresh  illustrations  which  he  has  been 
enabled  to  collect.  Goldsmith's  letters, 
which  contain  many  of  his  happiest  touches 
and  strokes  of  character,  will  be  intro- 
duced ;  and  in  the  fourth  volume  will  be 
found  a  long  unpublished  poem,  which 
has  been  communicated  by  Mr.  Bolton 
Comey.  Prom  Mr.  George  Daniel  the 
Editor  has  received  an  unpublished  MS,  of 


508 


Miscellaneou9  Reviews, 


[May, 


David  Garrick,  which  farnishes  a  highly 
amusing  account  of  Goldsmith's  last  poeti- 
cal production.    We  here  transcribe  it : — 

**  As  the  cause  of  writing  the  following 
poem,  called  Retaliation,  has  not  been 
fully  explained,  a  person  concerned  in  the 
business  begs  leave  to  give  the  following 
just  and  minute  account  of  the  whole  affair. 

''  At  a  meeting  [at  the  St  James's  Coffee- 
house in  St.  James's  street]  of  a  company 
of  gentlemen  who  were  well  known  to  each 
other,  and  diverting  themselves,  among 
many  other  things,  with  the  peculiar  oddi- 
ties of  Dr.  Goldsmith,  who  would  never 
allow  a  superior  in  any  art,  from  writing 

S»etry  down  to  dancing  a  hornpipe,  the 
r.  with  great  eagerness  insisted  upon 
trying  his  epigrammatic  powers  with  Mr. 
Garrick,  and  each  of  them  was  to  write 
the  other's  epitaph.  Mr.  Garrick  imme- 
diately said  that  his  epitaph  was  finished, 
and  spoke  the  following  distich  extempore, 

Here  lieii  Nolly  Ooldsmlth,  for  staortneu  called 

Noll, 
Who  wrote  like  an  angel,  but  talk'd  like  Poor  Poll. 

Goldsmith,  upon  the  company's  laughing 
very  heartily,  grew  very  thoughtful,  and 
either  would  not,  or  could  not,  write  any 
thing  at  that  time  :  however,  he  went  to 
work,  and  some  weeks  after  produced  the 
following  printed  poem  called  Retaliation, 
which  has  been  much  admired,  and  gone 
through  several  editions.  The  publick  in 
general  have  been  mistaken  in  imagining 
that  this  poem  was  written  in  anger  by  the 
Doctor ;  it  was  just  the  contrary ;  the 
whole  on  all  sides  was  done  with  the  greatest 
good-humour;  and  the  following  poems 
in  manuscript  were  written  by  several  of 
the  gentlemen  on  purpose  to  provoke  the 
Doctor  to  an  answer,  which  came  forth  at 
last  with  great  credit  to  him  in  RetaliO' 
Hon.  D.  Garrick." 


The  Hittory  qfthe  Decline  and  Fall  qf 
the  Roman  Empire.  By  Edward  Gibbon, 
Btq.  With  Notes  by  Dean  Milman  dnd 
M.  Guizot.  Edited  with  additional  Notee 
by  William  Smith,  LL.D.  In  Eight 
Volumet.  Svo.  (Murray.)— This  edition  of 
the  great  work  of  Gibbon  is  distinguished 
by  a  correct  text,  the  verification  of  the 
references  to  ancient  writers,  and  correc- 
tive and  supplementary  notes.  In  the 
adaptation  of  these  notes  the  Editor  has 
exercised  a  very  deliberate  judgment. 
Deeming  it  desirable  that  they  should  be 
restricted  to  such  remarks  as  either  correct 
the  positive  errors  of  Gibbon,  or  afford 
such  additional  information  as  the  progress 
of  our  knowledge  requires,  he  has  made  a 
selection  only  of  those  formerly  appended 
by  Dean  Milman,  and  of  others  given  by 
Guiiot  and  Wenck,  in   their  respective 


Frencb  and  German  tranalatioiia.  Dr. 
Smith's  own  commentaries  are  formed 
upon  the  same  rule.  He  hat  availed  him* 
self  of  the  researches  of  Niebalir,SaTigiiy, 
and  the  other  great  philologera  and  joriito 
of  Germany,  the  investigations  of  modem 
Oriental  scholars,  both  in  tiiia  country  and 
on  the  continent,  and  the  discoveries  of 
Layard  and  other  enterprising  traTeUen 
in  the  East ;  with  the  intention  that  ererj 
subject  comprehended  in  Gibbon's  vast 
work  should  receive  the  fullest  iUostration 
that  can  be  imparted  by  all  the  advance! 
in  historical  knowledge  made  since  the 
time  when  it  was  written.  To  nothing  leM 
than  this  is  Gibbon's  work  entitled,  be- 
cause, in  Niebuhr's  opinion,  it  <*wiU 
never  be  excelled,'*  nor  superseded.  The 
obvious  necessity,  therefore,  is  to  complete 
it  by  judicious  annotation ;  and  anch,  In 
its  highest  sense,  we  may  venture  to  aArm 
is  the  character  of  the  annotation  now 
supplied. — ^This  work  is  one  of  the  series 
of  Murray's  *'  British  Classics,*'  and  will 
be  completed  in  eight  volumes,  of  which 
two  have  already  appeared. 

The  eloquent  and  impressive  worke  of 
Dr.  CuMMiNO  are  produced  by  Mr. 
J.  F.  Shaw  in  a  very  convenient  form. 
Not  the  least  attractive  of  them  ia  one  re- 
cently published  under  the  title  of  Seae- 
dietionts  or  the  BlettedLjfe:  the  maiii 
argument  of  which  is  to  shew  that  no  trve 
or  permanent  happiness  is  to  be  realised 
on  earth,  save  with  the  presence  and  the 
benediction  of  the  Great  High  Priest :  and 
that  those  who  would  inculcate  the  possi- 
bility of  this  happy  life  without  Chris- 
tianity, **  do  their  best  to  quench  or  darken 
the  pure  fire  from  Heaven  thatboma  on  the 
lighthouse,  and  to  substitute  that  bale-firs 
which  only  deceives  the  voyager  to  Us 
eternal  ruin." 


The  Rambler  in  Woreetterekire,  §t 
Stray  Notes  ou  Churches  and  Cbnymfw 
tions.  By  John  Noake,  Author  qf**  ITer- 
cester  in  Olden  Times."  \2mo, — ^This  Is 
the  third  and  concluding  volume,  or  series, 
of  a  work  which  we  before  noticed  in  ov 
Magazine  for  November,  1851.  After  nine 
years'  perseverance  Mr.  Noake  has  ▼iailed 
and  described  every  parochial  church  In  the 
city  and  county  of  Worcester,  and  ns  many 
of  the  chapels  and  district  churches  ss, 
from  their  importance,  seemed  to  deserve 
that  attention,  including  also  a  few  othen 
of  attractive  characteristics  on  the  bordsn 
of  adjoining  counties.  He  now  conblodss 
with  the  result  of  a  recent  Tisit  to  the 
magnificent  church  of  Tewkesburjr.  With- 
out being  profoundly  learned,— and  per- 
haps correspondingly  dry,  aa  an  architec- 
tural critic ;   and   without  sesrchinf  far 


1854.] 


Miscellaneoui  Reviews. 


509 


back  into  such  historical  information  as 
records  only  can  supply,  Mr.  Noake  has 
done  good  service  by  his  personal  yisita- 
tion  of  the  parishes  of  Worcestershire; 
describing  all  such  matters  as  have  at- 
tracted his  intelligent  observation,  and  not 
flinching  from  censuring  such  defects  aa 
appear  to  call  for  remedy  or  restoration. 
He  is  not  only  attentive  to  the  picturesque 
and  the  curious,  to  family  and  sepulchral 
memorials,  and  to  ecclesiastical  antiqui- 
ties in  general ;  but  he  baa  an  especial 
eye  to  parochial  charities,  and  to  the  provi- 
sions made  for  the  education  of  the  poor. 
His  book  is  well  calculated  to  direct  at- 
tention to  these  matters,  not  only  now,  but 
in  future  times,  when  it  will  from  time  to 
time  be  opened  either  for  amusement  or 
information,  and  in  that  way,  it  is  proba- 
ble, it  may  in  many  cases  suggest  import- 
ant inquiries,  and  conduce  to  beneficial 
measures. 


Diary  anttLeiiers  of  Madame  D^Arblay, 
Auihoresi  of  Evelina,''  <<  CeeUia,"  ffe. 
Edited  by  her  Niece,  In  Seven  Vtiumee. 
12mo. — This  Diary  is  very  agreeable  read- 
ing no  doubt,  and  deserves  to  be  made 
generally  accessible :  but  we  think  in  the 
present  edition  the  aim  at  cheapness  is 
carried  too  far.  The  paper  is  flimsy  and 
transparent,  and  unworthy  of  a  library 
book.  Literary  memoirs  like  Miss  Bur- 
ney's  especially  require  marginal  notes, 
but  these,  also  for  economy's  sake,  are 
deferred  till  the  close  of  the  volume,  and 
are  there  arranged,  after  a  new  fashion, 
in  a  biographical  alphabet.  We  cannot 
wholly  approve  of  this.  It  is  bad  enough 
to  try  readers^  eyes  with  railway  novels. 
Such  a  work  as  the  present,  if  worth  re- 
printing as  an  English  classic,  is  worth 
somewhat  better  materials. 


A  Letter  to  Vieeouni  Palmereton,  ^c. 
By  C.  J.  Vaughan,  D.D. — The  considera- 
tion of  Dr.  Vaughan* 8  able  letter  to  Lord 
Palmerston,  taken  apart  from  the  history 
of  any  particular  case  of  school  trans- 
gression, has  made  us  feel  the  difficulties 
of  the  public  schoolmaster  in  a  way  we 
did  not  anticipate.  No  one  can  have  put 
the  matter  more  clearly  and  fairly  than 
Dr.  Vaughan  ;  and,  in  as  far  as  he  has 
dealt  with  the  question  of  a  monitorial 
power  which  shall  be  confined  only  to 
observing  and  reporting  to  the  master,  it 
seems  to  us  quite  unanswerable.  Neither 
is  the  substitution  of  a  body  of  inferior 
masters,  called  ushers,  by  any  means  an 
unobjectionable  thing.  The  question,  how- 
ever, is  not  settled  yet ;  the  view  of  anta- 
gonist difficulties  has  not  decided  us  in 
favour  of  elder  young  gentlemen  caning 
their  younger  schoolfellows    as  a  regulw 


part  of  school  l«r;  nor  can  any  words 
about  **  the  great  glory  of  an  English  pnbUc 
school,  its  free  development  of  character, 
its  social  ezpansiveness,  in  short  its  liberty,** 
hide  from  our  view  the  many  focts  iHtfa 
which  very  impartial  writers  have  made 
US  acquainted  respecting  the  sadly  low 
moral  standard  of  character  afterwards 
developed  at  our  universities .  by  those 
brought  up  at  our  public  schools.  They 
who  have  read  that  remarkable  book, 
"  Five  Years  at  an  English  University," 
by  an  American,  will  Iomw  what  we  m^an* 
We  can  hardly  conceive  an  Englishman's 
thoughtful  attention  being  given  to  that 
book,  without  a  correspondhig  conviction 
arising  that  we  are  anythung  but  sound  in 
our  early  discipline.  Dr.  Vaughan  tries 
to  make  the  best  of  his  difficulties ;  and, 
although  in  a  recent  instance  he  may  have 
unaccountably  remitted  his  care,  we  are 
very  sure  his  general  spirit  is  lofty  and 
Christian;  but  the  serious  and  startling 
disclosures  of  the  evils  of  public  schools 
in  England,  which  neither  Dr.  Arnold 
himself  nor  any  of  his  snccessors  have 
dcme  much  to  remove,  still  stare  us  in  the 
face,  and  forbid  us  to  accept  the  partial 
good  results  of  high  character  and  influence 
bi  the  principal  for  a  general  reformation 
in  systems. 

Theology. — l.MedUatUnu  and  Prayer  $ 
on  the  Ordination  Service  /or  Deacone, 
ISfMO.  pp.  147. — These  are  drawn  up  by 
the  Rev.  J.  H.  Finder,  Frindpal  of  the 
Theological  College  at  Wells.  Works  pub- 
lished with  such  an  object  may  generally 
be  considered  free  of  criticism ;  but,  we 
must  ask,  what  is  the  precise  meaning  of 
the  term  **  Apostolic  Fathers  ?"  (p.  16.) 
Why  the  Early  Councils  are  to  be  studied 
before  "  the  Evidences  of  Divine  Revela- 
tion,*' we  cannot  tell ;  but  it  teems  a 
(aul^  arrangement,  and  likely  to  eialt 
human  authority  unduly. — 2.  Help  and 
Conifort  Jbr  the  Sick  Poor,  Fcp»  8«p. 
pp,  76.  This  pamphlet  is  written  br  Uie 
author  of  '*  Sickness,  its  Trials  and  Bless- 
ings.'* It  contains  many  good  remarks, 
but  its  price  must  place  it  beyond  the 
reach  of  the  *'  sick  poor.*'  A  tract,  con- 
taining the  substance  of  it,  might  be  very 
useful.  The  "  few  words  to  those  in  hoe- 
piUls,"  particularly  the  suggestions  to 
those  who  are  the  subject  of  clinical  lec- 
tures, are  apparently  the  firuit  of  observa- 
tion and  experience. — 3.  IVuik  epohen  in 
Love,  By  the  Rev,  H.  H.  Beamish,  M,A* 
Pbp.  8vo.  pp.  svi.  474.  This  is  a  series 
of  sermons  to  prove  "  Romanism  and 
Tractarianism  refuted  bT  the  Word  of 
God."  The  Tolume  is  dedicated  to  the 
Duchess  Dowager  of  Beaufort.  The  depths 
of  controversy  can  hardly  be  (JUhomed  in 


510 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[May, 


sermoDi,  for  their  language  is  necessarily 
popular,  and  their  length  is  arbitrarily 
limited.  Still  those  readers  who  do  not 
look  beyond  a  popular  exposition  of  a 
subject,  will  find  that  these  discourses 
effect  as  much  as  can  be  expected.  The 
name  of  the  author  will  serre  as  an  ft 
priori  passport  to  many,  nor  will  they  be 
disappointed.— 4.  Lectures  delivered  at 
Broadmead  Chapel^  Brittol.  By  ike  late 
John  Foster.  §  vols,  post  8vo.  (Bohn's 
Standard  Library),  Notices  of  Mr.  Fos- 
ter's life  have  already  appeared  in  our 
pages.  (See  Aug.  1846,  Jan.  and  Feb. 
1853.)  The  merits  of  Foster's  style  are 
well  known.  Our  praise  would  therefore 
be  superfluous,  and  our  censure  would  be 
thought  impertinent.  H  et  we  cannot  help 
saying  that  his  fancy  sometimes  outran 
his  judgment,  and  opinions  may  be  found 
in  these  pages  to  which  all  o^  his  own 
denomination  would  not  assent.  The  cir- 
cumstances relating  to  these  Lectures  are 
mentioned  in  the  preface,  as  also  in  the 
Life.  rVol  i.  p.  410.)  The  arrangement 
differs  from  that  in  the  former  edition, 
and  a  few  discourses  **  not  belonging  to 
the  series"  have  been  added.  We  have 
not  the  opportunity  of  comparing  the  two 
editions,  nor  are  we  distinctly  informed  in 
the  table  of  contents  what  portions  are 
supplementary,  which  would  have  been 
desirable. — 5.  Clerical  Rducation.  8so. 
pp,  SB.  A  reprint  from  a  paper  in  the 
Journal  of  Sacred  Literature,  Oct.  1853, 
advocating  '*  the  importance  to  the  clergy 
of  a  correct  acquaintance  with  the  original 
Scriptures.''  The  main  argument  is  in- 
disputable, but  it  is  overwrought,  and 
every  parish  minister  cannot  be  made  a 
"  Professor  of  Theology.*' 

The  Emphatic  Greek  Testament,  Edited 
hy  John  Taylor.  Spo.  pp,  202. — This 
volume  may  be  called  an  Appendix  to  the 
various  editions  of  the  Greek  Testament, 
and  whichever  the  student  uses  should  be 
accompanied  by  it.  Its  peculiarities  are 
more,  both  in  number  and  importance, 
than  can  easily  be  described  in  a  short 
notice.  Its  object  is  to  point  out,  by 
means  of  different  types,  those  words 
which  are  rendered  emphatic  by  the  pre- 
sence of  the  Greek  article ;  the  pronouns 
which  are  positively  emphatic ;  and  the 
adjectives  and  pronouns  which  are  com- 
paratively so.  The  editor  believes,  that  the 
text  is  thus  brought,  as  near  as  possible, 
to  that  state  in  which  its  inspired  authors 
would  have  wished  to  have  it  read.  (p.  63.) 
In  these  arrangements  the  editor  has  con« 
suited  the  advantage  of  the  English  reader 
as  well  as  the  Greek  scholar ;  and  his  la- 
bours thus  supersede,  with  the  advantage 
of  real  erudition,  the  earlier  ones  of  Trus- 


ler*  and  Robinson,  whose  pnbHcatioftft 
however,  suffice  to  show  the  utility  of  an 
emphatic  text.  The  preliminary  enej, 
"  On  the  effect  of  Emphasis  on  Certela 
Titles,"  gives  the  editor's  undertaUmg  «■ 
exegetical  value. 

The  text  is  adapted,  by  brackets,  to  tke 
Vatican  MS.  (Bib.  Vat  No.  1809),  whieh 
Vater  calls  eeteberrimns  (Gr.  Test.  1824, 
p.  822),  and  which  Hug  supposes  to  be- 
long  to  the  fourth  century,  in  whicli  earn 
it  is  the  oldest  of  its  kind.  It  is  always 
more  brief  than  the  Received  Text,  whenee 
the  editor  infers,  that  words  have  sineo 
been  added,  to  clear  up  supposed  obscorl- 
ties.  Still,  in  the  days  oi  manuscript, 
when  materials  were  scarce  and  dear  (as 
we  know  by  the  rescripts),  it  is  not  In- 
possible  that  abridgement  may  have  beee 
practised.  But  the  editor  has  oertaiidy 
made  out  a  case  for  attributing  a  Ugh  de- 
gree of  authority  to  the  MS.  as  a  help 
towards  removing  difficulties.  Thus  the 
noted  one  in  Heb.  ix.  1 — 5,  compared 
with  Exodus,  xxx.  I — 10,  is  rectified  by 
the  text,  which  places  "  'The  Altar  of  Ib- 
cense  "  in  the  Sanctuary,  (see  p.  50.)  On 
the  other  hand,  it  contains  some  mdstakei 
in  proper  names,  and  it^  omission  of  the 
concluding  verses  of  Mark  xvi.  (see  Whit- 
by), by  leaving  that  Gospel  imperfect,  fat- 
vol ves  a  difficulty  of  its  own.  At  Aeti, 
XX.  28,  it  confirms  the  received  readings 
"  The  Church  of  God."  (seep.  5S.S  Bat 
the  student  can  only  form  an  aoequals 
idea  of  the  results  from  examining  them 
for  himself.  This  volume  contuns  the 
Gospels  (with  a  summary  of  the  generd 
character  of  the  MS.),  and  the  remafndsr 
is  announced.  When  the  work  Is  oom- 
pleted  it  will  form  a  valuable,  not  to  sty 
an  indispenssble,  addition  to  the  helpt 
which  wc  now  possess  for  a  critical  stodj 
of  the  Greek  Testament. 


The  Theory  qf  Moral  Semtimemis.  Jjy 
Adam  Smith,  LL,D,  Post  8eo.  pm,  lssr. 
538.  (Bohn*s  Standard  I*J6mrry.)— nt 
name  of  Adam  Smith  is  too  cIoscIt  con- 
nected with  that  of  David  Home,  for  his 
ethical  writings  to  escape  the  obkHpty  of 
such  a  connection.  Yet,  the  Abb^  Morulel^ 

*  Dr.  Trusler  published  ui  1785,  •«  Aa 
Abstract  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer/ 
containing  the  portions  in  frequent  «h^ 
**  wherein  the  emphatical  words  m 
marked."  Mr.  John  Robinson,  who  pv^ 
lished.  in  1804,  *'  The  Proper  Names  of 
the  Bible  accented,"  added  a  SeleciloB  of 
Scriptural  and  Apocryphal  Lessons,  witt 
**  the  emphatic  words  *'  in  italic.  Theas 
modest  volumes  have  had  their  nse,  old 
testify  to  the  importance  of  Mr.  Tnjior's 
work. 


1854.] 


Misc€Uan€0U9  Reviemg. 


511 


in  his  Memoirs,  says  of  this  work,  "  Sa 
Th^orie  des  Bentimensmoraax,  public  en 
1758,  m'avait  doiin£  une  grande  id6e  de 
sa  sagacite  et  de  sa  profondeur/'  (c.  zii. 
p.  237,  vol.  i.)  And  McCaUoch,  in  his 
"  Literature  of  Political  Economy,'*  ind- 
dentally  calls  this  treatise  **  one  of  the  best 
and  most  eloquent  works  on  moral  icienoe.*' 
(p.  11.)  The  editors  of  the  BwgrapMt 
UfUv.  CUuiique  have  given  a  less  favovr- 
able  opinion.*  '  *  Ce  livre  I'a  fiut  connattre 
partout  comma  moraliste,  sans  ltd  donner 
aucane  gloire ;  car  il  n'en  est  point  hors 
de  la  v^rit^  ....  Le  Bc^tiqne  Hume, 
son  ami,  lui  disait  que  jamais  il  n'^pron- 
vait  ancun  sentiment  tendre  ponr  lea 
indigens ;  qu'il  n'avait  pour  euz  aacime 
tympathie ;  qae  ponrtant  il  les  seoonrait ; 
qu'il  fallait  bien,  par  consequent,  donner 
de  ses  actes  de  charity  une  autre  raison, 
apparemment  la  conscience,  toujours  in- 
variable dans  tons  les  faommes,  da  bien  et 
du  mal,  du  juste  et  de  I'injuste.  L'on 
pouvait  faire  et  Ton  a  feit  bien  d'autrea 
objections  centre  le  syst^me  morale  de 
r^onomiste  ^cossais,  qui  ne  trouve  pas 
aujourd'hui  beaucoup  de  d^fenaeurs." 
Still  the  writer  admits,  that  his  peycho- 
logical  discoveriet  (whidi  term  he  thinks 
suits  them  best,)  are  remarkable  for  their 
truth  and  delicacy.  The  late  Archbishop 
Magee,  in  his  celebrated  work  "  On  the 
Atonement,' '  (No.  xiii.)  quotes  from  this 
work  a  long  passage  on  that  subject,  the 
suppression  of  which  in  the  later  editions 
evinces,  "  that  he  did  not  altogether  escape 
the  infection  of  David  Hume's  society,  and 
adds  one  proof  more  to  the  many  that 
already  existed,  of  the  danger,  even  to  the 
most  enlightened,  from  a  familiar  contact 
with  infidelity."  The  passage  in  question 
ought  to  be  restored,  at  least  as  an  ap- 
pendix ;  but  we  have  searched  for  it  in  vain 
in  this  edition.  We  give  the  conclusion  : 
"  The  doctrines  of  Revelation  coincide,  in 
every  respect,  with  those  originai  aniidpn- 
tiona  qf  nature;  and,  as  they  teach  us  how 
little  we  can  depend  upon  the  imperfection 
of  our  own  virtue,  so  they  shew  us,  at  tlie 
same  time,  that  the  most  powerful  inter- 
cession  has  been  made,  and  the  most 
dreadful  atonement  has  been  paid/or  our 
manifold  transgreesions  and  iniquiiiee,'* 

We  have  only  further  to  say,  that  the 
dissertation  on  the  origin  of  modem  lan- 
guages, and  the  life  of  the  author,  by 
Dugald  Stewart,  are  included  in  this  yolnme. 

John  Penrff  the  Pilgrim-Martyr,  1559- 
1593.  Py  John  Waddington.  8vo.  {Cash^ 
— Mr.  Waddiogton  is  entitled  to  credit 
for   his  researdi.     He  has  collected  his 


materiab  with  exemplary  can  and  dili- 
gence; but  we>cannot  oongratolate  him 
on  their  use.  He  is  full  of  angry  pnj«- 
dices,  and  writes  in  an  inflated  aflfiscted 
way,  which  is  very  damaging  to  his  repu- 
tation as  an  author,  and  altogether  ruinous 
to  the  cause  which  he  has  in  hand.  Penry't 
case  was  a  very  hard  and  wicked  one ;  but 
it  it  absurd  to  oonsider  the  preaeot  hook, 
as  containing  a  candid  or,  in  may  sense  of 
tiie  words,  a  ftill,  accurate,  or  fidr  inquiry 
into  the  fusts  of  his  life  and  treatment 
It  would  augur  badly  of  the  intdleotaa) 
condition  of  the  body  of  Distentere  for 
whom  tiie  author  writes,  if  such  a  book  as 
this  could  possibly  be  generally  acceptable 
to  them.  With  every  disposition  to  joia 
with  the  author  in  mourning  over  the  cmd 
and  untimely  fete  of  a  man  of  such  bright 
promise  as  POnry,  it  is  impossible  to  say 
more  of  his  book  than  that,  however  wmI 
metnt,  it  is  prejudieed^weak,  and  unskilful 
in  tiie  highest  degree. 

Sedem  Redeemed  t  or,  Tke  Yeear  f^/W* 
Mist:  «  Lgrieai  Drmma.  By  B.  ¥eif3L 
JRy.  8vo.  pp,  98. — There  la  considerable 
poetical  merit  in  this  composition.  The 
•nbject  appears  to  be  taken  from  Zcdba* 
riah  xiv.  3,  4 ;  and,  if  the  author  has  not 
fUly  succeeded,  it  is  because  aucoeia  is 
impiMsible,  where  the  event  exceeds  all 
human  attempts  at  sublimity.  We  might 
ouote  the  first  stania  of  the  chorus  at  p» 
69  as  particulariy  fine.  Sometimes,  how- 
ever, the  author  aims  too  high,  wliere  aim* 
I^r  expressions  would  have  sufficed.  Thus 
at  1.  1, 2,— 

A  woe 
To  dwarf  all  other  woes, 

would  better  have  been  '*  beyond  all  other 
woes."*  At  stanza  ii.  to  call  the  che- 
rubim "  the  awarded  sons  of  morning,"  ia 
using  a  heavy  epithet.  In  fact,  the  dra- 
matic form  of  religions  poetry  haa  not 
greatly  prospered  in  modem  hands  (Mil- 
man  is  the  chief  exception) ;  and  the  author 
must  be  content  with  our  sa3^ing|  that  we 
have  little  superior  to  himself,  in  a  kind 
that  has  baffled  so  many  of  his  competitor!. 

la  SymboUam  auUed  to  the  SpkrU  qfthe 
Age!  By  William  White.  890.— Thiaia 
a  sensible,  thoughtful,  and  suggestive  enaj. 
The  titie  is  no^  we  will  venture  to  laji 

*  We  have  a  precedent  fbr  saying  this. 
The  line 


*  Alluding  to  his  making  sympathy  tiie 
ground  of  morality.     (See  Tennemaan.) 


•  Oh  grief,  beyond  all  other  grief  1 

in  a  traoalation  from  the  Portagueae  poet 
J.  A.  Da  Cunha  (Sismondi,  e.  A),  oomes 
ftiUy  up,  as  every  reader  will  feel»  to  the 
dignity  of  the  aubjeet,  and  oeeda  no  at- 
tempt at  improviag  upon  it. 


512 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[May, 


very  well  chosen  ;  it  does  not  seem  to  us 
to  express  the  qnestion  of  the  time  and 
of  all  time,— that  chiefly  which  it  concerns 
us  to  know.  For  symbolism  itself  there 
surely  can  be  no  question  at  all.  Every 
age  is  fall  of  it ;  every  age  has  respect  to 
it  What  we  want  is  to  come  to  an  un- 
derstanding of  the  legitimate  province  of 
symbolism ;  of  its  progress  with  a  pro- 
gressive time ;  of  the  changes — at  all 
events  the  additions— which  human  life 
requires.  The  everlasting  fitness  of  re- 
presentations of  the  Christian  history,  the 
simpler  emblems  of  its  facts  and  of  the 
facts  of  human  history,  which  must  fol- 
low it — the  Font,  the  Dove,  the  Cross — 
never  can  grow  old ;  never  should  be 
missed  from  our  sacred  edifices.  What 
we  need  is  some  further  expansion  of  these 
ideas ;  something  that,  Christian  still,  and 
elevating  and  consoling  still,  shall  yet  be 
in  harmony  with  English  life  in  this  pre- 
sent period — something  that,  being  neither 
mean  nor  vulgar,  yet  shall  connect  the 
Church  and  the  daily  life  more  than  now ; 
,jBomething  not  wholly  of  the  past,  remind- 
ing us  not  only  of  the  great  work  done  for 
us  ages  ago,  but  of  the  ever  present,  con- 
tinual outpouring  of  mercies  and  blessings. 
We  do  not  know  liow  to  give  precisely  an 
exemplification  of  our  meaning  ;  but  let 
any  one  try  to  think  what  images  he  would 
bring  around  him,  if  wishing  to  realise 
and  yet  to  idealise  whatever  the  Almighty 
has  given  him  of  light  and  help  on  his 
onward  path.  Let  him  try  to  see  all 
things  through  that  light,  and  surely  some 


warmth  and  richness  will  come  upon  the 
coldness  and  bareness  of  churches. 


Blue  Jackets;  or.  Chips  qf  the  OU 
Block.  A  Narrative  qf  the  Galiami  JSr- 
ploits  of  British  Seamen  and  qfthe  Prim- 
cipal  Events  in  the  Naval  Service,  during 
the  reign  qf  her  Most  Gracious  Maf^tf 
Queen  Victoria.  By  W.  H.  O.  KingitoB, 
Esq.  1 2mo.^The  nature  of  this  book  is 
fairly  described  in  the  title-page,  except 
that  its  narrative  is  not  a  continuous  one. 
This  will  be  no  drawback  to  the  entertein- 
ment  it  will  afford,  as  the  anecdotical  form 
has  its  peculiar  attractions.  Its  materials 
are  compiled  with  evident  care  and  fideli^. 
Though  the  reign  of  Victoria  has  hitherto 
been  considered  a  period  of  peace,  it  his 
not  been  destitute  of  active  incidenta  in 
the  naval  service  ;  of  which  the  principal 
items  are  furnished  by — the  capture  of 
Aden  in  1839,  the  war  in  Syria,  that  in 
China,  and  that  in  Burmah,  the  various 
actions  incidental  to  the  suppression  of 
piracy  in  Borneo  and  the  Eastern  anAI* 
pelago,  and  of  the  slave- trade  on  the  coast 
of  Africa,  the  expedition  up  the  Niger, 
that  to  the  Antartic  seas,  and  several  to 
the  polar  regions  of  the  North.  All  these 
topics,  and  several  isolated  instances  of 
heroism  and  self-devotion,  give  their  Tsrisd 
colouring  to  Mr.  Kingston's  ''yarns;" 
and,  altogether,  the  volume,  as  an  an* 
thentic  contribution  to  the  naval  history  of 
the  present  reign,  possesses  more  thsn  a 
passing  interest. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIR8. 

March  30.     J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P. 

Octavius  Morgan,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited 
one  of  the  malls  formerly  used  for  playing 
the  game  of  paille  maillet  found  in  the 
house  of  the  late  Mr.  Vulliamy  of  Pall  Mall, 
as  already  noticed  in  p.  300. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  F.S.A.  exhi- 
bited a  Celtic  armilla  of  bronze,  recently 
found  during  the  excavations  for  buildings 
in  Bucklersbury. 

Dr.  Augustus  Guest,  F.S.A.  communi- 
cated an  account  which  he  had  received 
from  Mr.  C.  H.  Purday,  accompanying  a 
drawing  of  a  fresco  recently  discovered  on 
the  north-east  pier  of  the  central.tower  of 
Carlisle  cathedral.  Dr.  Guest  suggested 
that  this  painting  was  intended  to  repre- 
sent an  incident  in  the  life  of  St.  Cuthbert 
as  related  by  Beda,  where  the  death  of 
8 


St.  Aidan  was  revealed  to  the  holy 
while  tending  his  flocks.  This  explana- 
tion, however,  was  not  considered  satis- 
factory, inasmuch  as  there  is  no  flock 
represented  in  the  picture.  At  the  head 
of  the  sleeper  are  two  homed  awiiw^^if, 
seated  in  something  like  heraldic  postoras. 
The  Almighty  is  appearing  to  him,  and  «i 
angel,  now  partially  obliterated,  ia  m»Mi^ 
some  direct  communication  to  hia  ears. 

Dr.  Guest  also,  by  the  favour  of  L.  J. 
Mackintosh,  esq.  exhibited  a  memorbl 
Ring  of  Charles  the  First,  which  has  a 
portrait  of  the  king  in  enamel,  and  an 
inscription  at  the  back,  recording  the  daj 
of  his  execution.  In  the  same  custody  hi 
preserved  a  piece  of  plaid,  of  a  pa' 
now  unknown,  but  supposed  to  have 
worn  by  the  Pretender. 

Benjamin  Williamsi  esq.  F.8.A. 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  ResearcKes. 


513 


some  "  additional  remarks  on  the  Hide  of 
Land,  and  on  some  ancient  Manorial  Cus- 
toms in  Oxfordshire/* 

J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P.  contributed, 
as  an  addition  to  the  Society's  collection, 
fifteen  pictorial  Broadsides,  of  the  last 
century,  which  he  had  lately  rescued  from 
an  old  house  in  Berkshire.  They  are 
adorned  with  large  woodcuts,  some  of 
which,  especially  that  of  "the  Tree  of 
Fortune,"  are  of  considerably  older  date 
than  the  time  when  they  were  printed. 
They  were  chiefly,  if  not  entirely,  of  the 
manufactory  of  Mr.  Dicey,  in  Bow  church- 
yard. 

April  6.  The  Lord  Vise.  Mahou,  Pres. 
Mons.  Antoine  Charma,  Professeur  de 
Philosophic  a  la  Faculty  des  Lettres  de 
Caen,  and  the  Abb^  Cochet,  luspecteur 
des  Monumens  Historiques  pour  le  de- 
partement  de  Seine  Inf^rieure,  were  elected 
Foreign  Members  of  the  Society;  and 
Henry  Robinson,  esq.  of  Cheshara-street, 
was  elected  Fellow. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  F.S.A.  ex- 
hibited a  Roman  spoon  and  ligola  recently 
discovered  in  Bucklersbury. 

John  Adey  Repton,  esq.  F.S.A.  com- 
municated a  drawing  of  examples  of  Anglo- 
Saxon,  Norman,  and  other  arches,  made 
by  himself  about  forty  years  ago,  accom- 
panied by  observations  on  their  different 
styles,  with  their  dates  and  peculiar  cha- 
racteristics. 

Dr.  Aug.  Guest  communicated  an  ac- 
count of  recent  discoveries  at  Canosa,  the  an- 
cient Canusium,  in  Apulia,  made  by  Signor 
Bonucci,  from  whose  report  it  appears 
that  the  necropolis  of  Canusium  is  some 
miles  in  extent,  abounding  in  sepulchral 
rcmaiDs  of  three  distinct  classes  of  the 
former  inhabitants  of  the  city ;  namely, 
those  of  the  poor,  those  belonging  to  the 
richer  or  middle  classes,  and  those  belong- 
ing to  persons  of  opulence  or  distinction. 
Among  the  vases  discovered,  one  bears  a 
representation  of  the  Rape  of  Europa, 
another  Medea  extricating  Jason,  a  third 
the  liberation  of  Andromeda,  and  a  fourth 
the  death  of  Patroclus ;  but  the  most 
remarkable  vase  yet  discovered  is  one  on 
which  is  represented  Darius  surrounded 
by  his  satraps,  between  Greece  and  Asia, 
above  whom  is  a  figure  waving  a  torch. 

April  24.  The  anniversary  meeting  was 
held,  and  Lord  Viscount  Mahon  delivered 
his  annual  address  as  President.  It  was 
stated  that  twenty  members  had  died  du- 
ring the  past  year,  and  one  had  resigned  ; 
whilst  seventy-five  new  Fellows  have  been 
elected,  with  nine  honorary  Foreign  Mem- 
bers :  so  that  the  strength  of  the  Society 
has  materially  increased,  under  the  opera- 
tion of  its  new  regulations  for  admission 
and  subscription.  A  special  vote  of  thanks 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


was  passed  to  Mr.  Bruce  the  retiring 
Treasurer,  to  whose  judicious  management 
this  change  in  the  Society's  status  is  pria- 
cipally  due.  The  meeting  then  proceieded 
to  the  election  of  Council  and  Officers  for 
the  ensuing  year.  The  following  list,  as 
proposed  by  the  Council,  was  unanimously 
confirmed  : — Eleven  Members  firom  the  old 
Council,  The  Viscount  Mahon,  President; 
Samuel  Lord  Bishop  of  Oxford,  V.P.,  John 
Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P.,  Admiral  W,  H. 
Smyth,  V.P.,  Sir  Henry  Ellis,  K.H.  Di- 
rector, Viscount  Strangford,  John  Bruce, 
esq.,  Richard  Ford,  esq.  Auditor,  John 
Henry  Parker,  esq.  Auditor,  Edward 
Hawkins,  esq.,  and  John  B.  Bergne,  esq. 
Ten  new  Members  :  • —  Frederic  Ouvry, 
esq..  Treasurer,  Hon.  Richard  Comwallis 
Neville,  Auditor,  Robert  Porrett,  esq. 
Auditor,  Vim,  Durrant  Cooper,  esq., 
Fredk.  Wm.  Fairholt,  esq.,  Edward  Foss, 
esq.,  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  M.A.,  Colonel 
Mure,  M.P.,  William  Tite,  esq.,  Thomas 
Wright,  esq. 

John  Yonge  Akerman,  esq.  was  re-elected 
Secretary ;  and  it  was  understood  that  the 
President  will  nominate  Lord  Viscount 
Strangford  to  succeed  Sir  R.  H.  Inglis, 
the  retiring  Vice-President. 


NUMISMATIC  SOCIBTT. 

March  23.    Edward  Hawkins,  esq.  V.P. 

Mr.  Vauz  read  a  paper  '*  On  the  Mo- 
netary System  of  Tibet,  as  illustrated  by 
the  existing  Coins  of  that  Country."    The 
paper  was  mainly  due  to  a  report  ftirnished 
by  Capt  Henry  Strachey  to  Mr.  Vaux, 
when  purchasing  for  the  British  Museum, 
some  months  since,  a  collection  of  Coins 
of   Tibet    and    the    adjoining    counties, 
made  by  that  gentleman   during  his  re- 
sidence at  Ladak.     It  appears  that  the 
Tibetans  have  united  the  coinage  of  India 
with  the  bullion  of  China,  and,  from  the 
extensive  use  of  bad  money,  that  it  has 
come  to  pass,  that  the  Chinese  ingots  of 
silver  are  at  present  the  only  real  standard 
which  may  be  entirely  relied  on  for  perma- 
nence, uniformity,  and  purity  of  metal. 
These  ingots,  which  have  various  names, 
are  imported  from  Yarkend.  to  which  place 
they  are   brought  from  Khatay  or  Nor- 
thern China.    They  are  made  of  a  sort  of 
boat  shape,  the  cavity  being  partly  filled 
up  solid  (as  though  poured  in  after  the 
shell  had  been  first  made),  so  that  they  can 
be  piled  up  with  the  bottom  of  one  fitting 
into  the  rim  of  another.     They  are  stamped 
on  the  inside  with  Chinese  characters,  and 
are  of  nearly  pure  metal.     As  they  are 
liable  to  be  clipped,  the  merchants  gene- 
rally test  them  by  weighing  in  a  small  steel- 
yard.   The  government  of  Ladak  has  had 
a  silver  currency  of  its  own  for  the  last  250 
years ;  the  earliest  coins  are  of  nearly  pure 

3U 


514 


Antiquarian  KesearchM- 


[May, 


silver,  probably  that  of  the  Chinese  ingots, 
and  are  stamped  with  a  barbarons  imitation 
of  the  Persian  name  of  Mahmnd  Kban,  who 
ruled  in  Tibetastan  about  a.d.  1687;  other 
names,  as  that  of  Shah  Jehan  of  Dehli, 
are  sometimes  met  with.  Of  late  jears 
the  coinage  has  been  much  debased,  chiefly 
by  the  agents  of  Maharajah  Gholab  Singh, 
in  1847.  The  only  difference  in  the  form 
of  the  coin  was  the  substitution  of  the 
name  of  Gholab  Singh,  with  a  representa- 
tion of  the  Kathar  or  Indian  dagger,  for 
the  former  letters,  the  workmanship  being 
hardly  superior  to  that  of  the  older  money. 
There  is  no  native  copper  coinage  in 
Ladak,  and  for  want  of  it  small  payments 
are  usually  made  by  handsful  of  meal,  tea, 
&c.  Indian  money  is  not,  to  any  great 
extent,  imported  in  Ladak.  The  Turkish 
races  of  Bokhara  and  Khokend  have  a 
coinage  of  their  own,  but  the  only  part  of 
this  which  reaches  Ladak  is  the  gold  Tillak, 
imported  by  way  of  Yarkend.  These  coins 
bear  the  names  and  titles  of  Khans  of 
Bokhara  and  Khokend,  with  the  date  and 
place  of  mintage,  and  are,  when  well  pre- 
served,  very  beautiful  specimens  of  oriental 
medallic  art.  Like  all  other  gold,  how- 
ever, in  Ladak,  the  Turkish  coins  are  used 
as  merchandize,  and  not  as  money. 

Mr.  Evans  read  a  paper  on  the  mode 
adopted  by  the  ancient  Celtic  population 
of  England,  in  casting  certain  tin  coins, 
which  remain  of  their  times. 

Mr.  Chaflfers,  in  a  letter  to  J.  B.  Bergne, 
esq.  drew  attention  to  a  very  curious  and 
unique  siege-piece  struck  in  Pontefract 
Castle.  Its  size  makes  it  doubtful  whether 
it  was  intended  for  a  two -shilling  or  a 
half-crown  piece. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  a  medal 
in  lead,  struck  in  commemoration  of  the 
escape  of  King  Charles  the  Second  from 
the  battle  of  Worcester. 


ROYAL  SOCIETY  OF  LITKRATUKK. 

March  22.  A  paper  was  read,  **  On 
Two  Events  that  occurred  in  the  Life  of 
King  Canute  the  Dane,"  communicated 
by  John  Hogg,  esq.  M.A.  The  events 
were  the  battle  which  was  fought  by  King 
Olaf  with  his  Norwegian  subjects,  who  had 
revolted,  to  which  Euj^lish  historians  have 
hitherto  assigned  an  incorrect  date ;  and 
the  single  combat,  which  is  said  to  have 
taken  place  between  Edmund  Ironside 
and  Canute,  and  which  led  to  the  division 
of  England,  a  few  weeks  subsequently, 
between  those  monarchs.  Mr.  Hogg  de- 
monstrated, from  a  careful  examination  of 
the  diflferent  authorities,  that  the  date  of 
the  first  event  had  been  placed  in  a.o. 
1028,  1029,  1030,  respectivelv,  but  that 
the  last  is  the  correct  one ;  being  esta- 
blished by  the  reaearchet  of  Prof  Htr- 


steen,  of  Christiania,  who  has  ihewn  that 
Olaf  8  defeat  and  an  ecUpae  took  place  on 
the  same  day.  The  aeoond  erent  Mr. 
Hogg  has  proved  to  have  been,  in  reality, 
an  instance  of  the  ancient  ScaQdinaiian 
Holmffang,  that  ia,  a  dnel  fought  npon  «b 
island;  and  that  this  combat  took  place 
on  the  island  of  Alney  or  Olney,  a  amall 
tract  formed  by  l^e  separation  of  the 
stream  of  the  Severn  into  two  channda* 
on  the  north-west  side  of  the  dty  of 
Gloucester.  [The  same  idea  haa  been  re- 
cently promulgated  by  Mr.  Akerman  in 
a  paper  read  before  the  Society  of  AnH- 
quanes  :  see  our  Feb.  number,  p.  173«] 

April  IS.  The  Elev.  D.  J.  Heath  read 
a  paper  **  On  the  Select  Hieratic  Papyri," 
published  by  the  Britiah  Moseam  in  1844, 
in  the  deciphering  of  which  he  has  lately 
been  making  considerable  progresa.  Mr* 
Heath  believes  he  haa  sacce^ed  in  die- 
covering  that  some  of  these,  aa  the  fifth 
and  sixth  of  the  Anastasi  collection,  whia|k 
belong  to  the  reign  of  Menepbthiali  the 
Second,  narrate  the  ezodns  or  a  "  mixed 
multitude''  from  Egypt,  and,  probably, 
that  of  the  Jews  themaelvea. 


BRITISH  ARCHiBOL0OICAl4  ASgOCIATIOV. 

March  22,  S.  R.  Solly,  esq.  F.R.S.V.P. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  presented  aooUoe* 
tion  of  various  fragments  of  pottery,  fte« 
obtained  in  excavations  made  m  the  city  of 
London,  to  be  deposited  with  other  aped- 
mens  already  in  the  possession  of  the  As- 
sociation. Mr.  O* Connor  exhibited  a 
dagger  of  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  cam* 
tnry,  which,  though  somewhat  resembttof 
the  old  hunting-knives  in  form,  was  con- 
sidered to  be  a  culiellum,  employed  aa  a 
guard  in  fighting  with  the  sword.  The 
blade  is  about  a  foot  in  length,  sharp  on 
one  edge;  the  back  broad  at  the  upper 
part,  but  turning  sharp  towards  the  poinl. 
On  both  sides  are  stam])ed  the  ProaaieB 
eagle  holding  the  sceptre  and  orb,  aad 
the  word  potzdam.  The  horn  hilt  and 
brass  cross-guard  appeared  to  have  origi- 
nally belonged  to  another  weapon.  In  tM 
Meyrick  collection  is  an  aneUce  flrom  the 
same  manufactory,  having  on  it  the  woi4i 
*'  Regient :  Prints  Carl,  Potsdam,  F-W-B.*" 
Captain  Tupper  exhibited  a  small  Ronu 
key  found  at  Freshford,  near  Bath.  B. 
Barrow,  esq.  communicated  an  acooont  of 
the  examination  of  some  British  tnaioU  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  with  drawioga  of  the 
vases  and  dagger  found  in  them. 

Mr.  Baigent  forwarded  a  drawing  horn 
a  stone  coffin-lid,  commemoraling  fhn 
builder  of  the  chancel  of  the  dknreh  off 
Woolhampton,  near  Newbury.  The  in- 
scription IS  in  Lombardic  chanefan  ranni 
the  edge-^Hio :  jacct  :  Rioaedta  i  mm  i 


1854.] 


Foreign  News. 


515 


Uerclond  :  Rector  :  hvjvs  :  loci  : 
CONDITOR  :  CANCELLi.  Tbese  letters  were 
in  brass,  but  all  that  now  exist  are  the 
sunken  cavities  or  matrices  of  the  letters. 
From  the  architectural  character  of  the 
chancel  this  slab  cannot  be  of  later  date 
than  1250.     A  second  and  very  elaborate 


paper  by  Mr.  Baigent  was  read,  ''  On  the 
Discovery  of  Mural  Paintings  in  St.  John's 
at  Winchester."  They  represented  the 
murder  of  Saint  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  in 
a  finished  style  of  execution,  and  will  be 
given  in  colours  in  the  next  number  of  the 
Journal  of  the  Association. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


We  stated  in  our  last  number  that  a 
treaty  had  been  signed  between  Turkey 
and  the  Western  Powers,  binding  the 
former  to  ameliorate  the  position  of  its 
Christian  subjects.  This  is  not  the  case, 
and  it  has  since  been  officially  stated  that 
the  Western  Powers  have  no  intention  of 
demanding  such  a  derogation  of  the  sove- 
reign dignity  of  the  Porte.  The  only 
treaty  signed  is  that  referring  to  the  con- 
duct of  the  war. 

A  protocol  was  signed  at  Vienna  on  the 
9th  of  April  between  England,  France, 
Austria,  and  Prussia,  in  which  the  German 
Powers  declared  their  continued  accord  of 
opinion  with  France  and  England  on  the 
Russian  question. 

On  the  10th  of  April  a  convention  was 
signed  in  London  by  Lord  Clarendon  and 
Count  Walewski,  as  plenipotentiaries  of 
their  respective  governments,  relative  to 
the  aid  to  be  given  to  the  Ottoman  Em- 
pire. The  convention  binds  the  High 
Contracting  Powers  to  use  all  their  exer- 
tions to  free  the  territory  of  the  Sultan 
from  Russian  occupation,  and  to  entertain 
separately  no  overtures  for  peace.  They 
renounce  any  personal  advantage  from  the 
war,  and  invite  the  other  European  Powers 
to  join  the  alliance. 

An  offensive  and  defensive  alliance  has 
been  concluded  between  Prussia  and  Aus- 
tria. The  treaty  was  signed  at  Berlin,  on 
the  20th  of  April,  by  Baron  Manteuffel 
and  Baron  Hess. 

Runtia. — A  supplement  to  the  Journal 
of  St.  Petersburgh  of  the  Ist  (I3th)  April 
contains  a  Declaration  in  reply  to  the 
proclamation  of  war  by  the  Western 
powers.  This  paper  attempts,  at  consi- 
derable length,  to  justify  the  course  of 
the  Russian  Emperor,  and  to  show  that  the 
war  has  been  forced  on  him  by  the  French 
and  English  governments,  and  ends  by 
declaring  that  "  the  responsibility  of  the 
calamities  of  war  belongs  to  the  power 
which  has  declared  it,  not  to  that  which 
is  bound  to  accept  it.'* 


The  Grand  Duke  Constantine  has  taken 
the  command  at  Cronstadt. 

France, — The  Duke  of  Cambridge  and 
Lord  Raglan  left  London  on  the  10th  of 
April,  and  arrived  at  Paris  the  next  morn- 
ing, when  they  were  received  by  the  Mi- 
nister of  War  and  the  English  Ambassador. 
They  proceeded  to  visit  the.  Emperor  at 
the  Tuileries,  to  whom  the  Duke  presented 
an  autograph  letter  from  her  Majesty.  On 
the  12th  a  grand  review  took  place  in  the 
Champ  de  Mars. 

Prince  Napoleon  took  his  departure  from 
Paris  for  the  East  on  the  9th,  and  on  the 
16th  Marshal  St  Amaud,andon  the  18th 
Lord  Raglan,  left  Paris  for  Constantinople 
by  way  of  Marseilles.  The  Duke  of  Cam- 
bridge remained  till  the  following  day, 
when  he  left  for  Vienna,  to  be  present  at 
the  marriage  of  the  Emperor  of  Austria. 
He  is  said  to  be  the  bearer  of  an  autograph 
letter  of  congratulation  from  the  Queen. 
On  the  2l8t  Lord  Lucan,  the  commander 
of  the  English  cavalry,  passed  through 
Paris,  on  his  way  to  the  East. 

On  the  20th  of  April  the  main  body  of 
the  French  Baltic  fleet  left  the  harbour  of 
Brest  under  the  command  of  Admiral  Par- 
seval  Desch^nes.  The  fleet,  including  the 
ships  already  on  their  way,  consists  of 
23  vessels,  of  which  9  are  ships  of  the  line 
of  90  guns  and  upwards.  On  the  24th 
the  fleet  was  seen  off  Plymouth. 

The  Baltic— The  fleet  left  Kiel  on  the 
29th  of  March  for  Kioge  Bay,  about  ten 
miles  from  Copenhagen .  Oh  the  3rd  April 
Rear-Admiral  Plumridge  was  detached 
with  five  steamships  for  the  Gulf  of  Fin- 
land. Sir  Charles  Napier,  with  the  rest 
of  the  fleet,  left  Kioge  Bay  on  the  12th 
for  Gothland,  and  was  reported  to  be  off 
that  inland  on  the  19th.  Several  Russian 
merchant  vessels  have  been  captured. 

Vienna.— On  the  26th  of  April  the 
Emperor  of  Austria  was  marriea  to  the 
Princess  Elizabeth  of  Bavaria.  On  the 
occasion  of  the  marriage  the  state  of  siege 
has  been  removed  m  Hungary  and  Lom- 


516 


Foreign  News. 


[May, 


bardj,  nnd  numerous  political  offenders 
have  received  a  pardon. 

Greece. — It  is  considered  certain  that 
the  insurrection  in  Epirus  and  Thessaly 
has  been  actively  promoted  by  the  Greek 
court,  and  especially  by  the  Queen  Amelia. 
A  large  number  of  the  subjects  of  King 
Otho,  and  even  of  his  officers  and  employes, 
have  crossed  the  frontier  to  assist  the  in- 
surgents. About  the  end  of  March  the 
Turkish  charg^  d'affaires,  Netschet  Pasha, 
addressed  a  demand  to  the  Greek  govern- 
ment  requiring  that  this  movement  should 
be  stopped,  the  officers  recalled,  and  cer- 
tain professors  in  the  university  dismissed. 
The  reply  not  being  considered  satisfac* 
tory,  all  communications  between  the 
governments  have  been  suspended,  and  the 
Porte  has  ordered  all  Hellenistic  Greeks 
to  leave  the  Ottoman  dominions.  A  strong 
note  has  been  addressed  to  the  Greek 
government  by  the  English  and  French 
ministers,  but  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  the  infatuation  of  King  and  people  is 
too  great  to  allow  of  its  exercising  any 
influence.  In  the  mean  time  the  insur* 
gents  do  not  appear  to  gain  ground.  On 
the  15th  March  Osman  Pasha  took  the 
command  of  Arta.  The  Turks  have  8000 
men  in  Janina,  and  the  Greeks  are  stated 
to  be  driven  to  the  mountains,  where  they 
must  shortly  experience  severe  distress  for 
want  of  supplies.  Lord  Stratford  de  Red- 
cliffe  has  addressed  a  circular  note  to  the 
British  consuls  condemning  the  insurrec- 
tion. 

Constantinople, — The  possessions  of  the 
mosques,  which  arc  very  considerable, 
have  been  declared  the  property  of  the 
state.  The  Sheik -ul- Islam,  who  is  at  the 
head  of  the  religious  body,  having  refused 
his  consent  to  this  ordinance,  was  deposed. 
Gallipoli,  at  the  entrance  of  the  sea  of 
Marmora,  was  selected  as  the  point  of 
debarkation  of  the  French  and  English 
army.  The  first  detachment  of  the  French 
division  arrived  in  the  beginning  of  April ; 
and  on  the  8th  the  first  portion  of  the 
British  contingent  landed  from  the  Golden 
Fleece  transport.  Tlie  accommodation, 
however,  has  been  found  extremely  de- 
ficient at  Gallipoli,  and  some  British  regi- 
ments have  since  landed  at  Scutari. 

The  Danuhian  Principalitiet.  —  The 
Russians  crossed  the  Danube  at  three  se- 
veral points,  opposite  Brailow,  Galatz,  and 
Ismail,  on  the  23rd  March,  and  now  oc- 
cupy the  district  called  the  Dobrudscha, 
which  is  shut  in  between  the  Danube  and 
the  Black  Sea  on  the  north,  eas^t,  and 
west,  and  bounded  to  the  south  by  the  re- 
mains of  a  Roman  intrcnchmcnt  known  as 
Trajan's  Wall.  At  Matschin  some  loss 
was  suffered  by  the  fire  from  the  Turkish 
batteries,  but  on  the  whole  this  movement 


appears  to  have  been  executed  with  h 
sacrifice  than  might  have  been  expected. 
The  Russians  have  now  possession  of  all 
the  fortresses  in  this  district,  and  are  said 
to  number  50,000  men.  The  right  wing 
of  the  Turkish  army  which  is  opposed  to 
them  consists  of  about  60,000.  Silistria 
had  been  for  some  days  bombarded  on  the 
19th,  but  had  not  surrendered. 

Prince  Paskiewitch,  who  arrived  at  Ba- 
charest  on  the  5th  of  April,  has  been 
appointed  Commander-in-chief  of  the 
Russian  active  army.  Prince  Gortsdiakoff 
will  remain  as  second  in  command.  Hie 
new  Commander-in-chief  has  given  orders 
to  evacuate  Lesser  Wallachia.  The  town 
of  Fokschani  in  Wallachia,  which  had  been 
fortified  by  the  Russians,  has  been  de- 
stroyed, with  a  considerable  quantity  of 
stores  and  ammunition. 

On  the  26th  and  29th  of  March  some 
fighting  took  place  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Kalafat.  On  the  former  occasion  the 
engagement  was  entirely  confined  to 
cavalry,  and  the  advantage  was  on  tike 
side  of  the  Turks,  who  took  some  stores 
and  the  military  chest  at  Pojana,  and 
forced  the  enemy  to  retire  with  the  Iom 
of  120  men.  On  the  30th  at  Skripetx 
10,000  infantry  and  2000  cavalry  were 
engaged  with  a  superior  Russian  force  and 
succeeded  in  driving  them  back.  Some 
further  rencontres  took  place  on  the  Sid 
and  4th  of  April,  but  without  important 
results. 

The  Black  Sea.^On  the  3rd  of  Marah 
seven  Russian  steamers,  with  tranaportif 
left  Sebastopol,  and  proceeded  to  withdraw 
the  garrisons  from  the  numerous  isolated 
forts  on  the  coast  of  Circassia,  established 
for  the  purpose  of  checking  the  contra- 
band traffic  in  slaves.  An  addition  of 
5000  men  was  thus  made  to  the  garrison 
of  Sebastopol.  An  English  and  French 
steamer  were  seen  during  the  embarkation, 
but  they  contented  themselves  with  aaoer* 
taining  the  nature  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  Russians  and  did  not  attempt  to  attad 
them. 

The  combined  fleets  left  Beicos  Bay  on 
the  24th  March  and  sailed  towards  Vania, 
where  1000  Marines  were  landed  to  avirt 
in  the  defence  of  the  place.  The  ^ect» 
anchored  in  Kavama  Bay  on  the  36th. 

A  ministerial  crisis  has  taken  place  in 
Denmark,  The  ministry,  who  are  faTonr* 
able  to  Russia,  demanded  the  dismissal  of 
two  of  their  number  who  bad  voted  with 
the  Opposition,  and,  on  this  being  refused, 
tendered  their  resignations.  The  Oppo« 
sitlon,  however,  has  not  felt  itself  snf. 
ficiently  strong  to  replace  them,  and  they 
have  consequently  resumed  oAce  ■■3 
gained  their  point. 

Spain, — Mr.  Soul^,  the  Ameriean  mi* 


1854..] 


Domestic  Occurrences, 


517 


nister  at  this  court,  has  demanded  300,000 
dollars  as  a  reparation  for  injury  sustained 
by  the  owners  of  the  Black  Warrior,  an 
American  vessel  detained  by  the  Spanish 
authorities  at  Cuba.  The  demand  is  said 
to  have  been  couched  in  strong  and  offen- 
sive language,  and  to  have  been  met  by  a 
refusal.  The  Spanish  Government  has 
issued  a  decree  for  the  suppression  of  the 
slave-trade  in  Cuba.  Every  slave  is  to  be 
furnished  with  papers  showing  his  place  of 
birth,  owner's  name,  &c.;  and  those  for 
whom  such  papers  cannot  be  produced  will 
be  regarded  as  having  been  illegally  im- 
ported. This  measure  appears  calculated 
to  effect  its  purpose,  if  honestly  carried 
out ;  but  it  is  to  be  feared  that  Cuban  dis- 
honesty will  find  a  means  of  evading  it. 
A  decree  has  also  been  issued  prohibiting 
the  equipment  or  reception  of  privateers 
under  the  Russian  flag.  Don  Francisco 
de  Paula,  uncle  of  the  Queen,  has  married 
a  woman  named  Teresa  Redondo,  with 


whom  he  has  been  living  for  some  tune. 
It  is  said  that  the  marriage  was  advised  by 
the  King,  who  is  the  son  of  Don  Fran- 
cisco, upon  moral  grounds. 

The  Duke  of  Parma  died  on  the  27th 
of  March  from  the  eflfects  of  a  wound  in- 
flicted by  an  unknown  assassin  on  the  pre- 
vious evening.  The  Duchess  of  Parma, 
who  is  sister  of  the  Duke  de  Bordeaux, 
assumed  the  government  as  regent  for  the 
young  Duke  Robert,  who  was  bom  July  9, 
1848.  The  government  of  the  Duchess 
gives  much  satisfaction.  She  has  removed 
the  state  of  siege  which  was  continued  by 
the  late  Duke  from  1848. 

United  States. — A  draught  of  a  convene 
tion  has  been  agreed  upon  between  the 
British  government  and  the  U.S.  minister 
Mr.  Buchanan  regarding  the  right  of 
search  and  impressment  of  seamen.  This 
agreement  will  remove  the  causes  which  in- 
volved as  in  war  with  that  country  in  1812. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


The  principal  event  at  home  during  the 
past  month  has  been  the  withdrawal  of 
the  proposed  measure  for  the  Reform  of 
Parliament.  On  moving  the  adjournment 
for  the  Easter  recess  on  the  1 1th  of  April, 
Lord  John  Russell  stated  that  the  Ministry 
had  come  to  this  determination.  **  They 
could  hardly  press  the  second  reading  of 
the  Bill  without  being  prepared,  if  neces- 
sary, to  dissolve  Parliament,  and  to  stake 
their  existence  as  a  Ministry  upon  the  suc- 
cess of  the  measure  ;  but  having  thought 
it  their  duty  to  bring  down  messages  to 
both  Houses  of  Parliament,  and  to  ask 
supplies  at  the  commencement  of  an  ardu- 
ous and,  it  might  be,  a  protracted  struggle, 
it  was  hardly  compatible  with  their  duty 
to  shrink  from  the  posts  they  occupied, 
and  to  decline  the  responsibility  which 
belonged  to  the  war." 

Wednesday  the  26th  of  April  was,  by 
her  Majesty's  command,  generally  ob- 
served throughout  the  Kingdom  as  a  day 
of  general  humiliation  and  prayer  upon  the 
commencement  of  War. 

April  6.  At  the  assizes  at  Gloucester, 
Richard  Hugh  Smith,  the  pretender  to 
the  estates  of  Smyth  of  Ashton  Court 
(as  related  in  our  Magazine  for  Sept.  last, 
p.  315,)  was  brought  to  trial  on  two  indict- 
ments for  forgery  and  perjury ;  the  forgery 
being  that  of  the  alleged  will  produced  in 
support  of  his  claim,  and  the  perjury  com- 
mitted in  the  evidence  he  gave  in  his  own 
behalf  when  that  action  was  tried.  The 
proceedings  occupied  two  days,  and  the 


jury  found  the  prisoner  guilty  of  uttering 
documents  knowing  them  to  be  forged,  and 
also  guilty  of  forging  the  said  documents. 
He  was  sentenced  to  be  transported  be- 
yond the  seas  for  the  space  of  twenty  years. 
April  9.  The  church  of  West  Tarring^ 
near  Worthing,  was  re-opened  for  divine 
worship,  after  having  been  closed  since 
the  13th  June  last.  With  the  exception  of 
the  chancel,  it  has  been  completely  re- 
stored, under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Joseph 
Peacock,  architect,  of  Bloomsbury-sqnare. 
The  inserted  windows  have  been  removed, 
and  new  ones  of  appropriate  style  have 
been  substituted.  Entirely  new  roofs  have 
been  put  to  the  nave  and  aisles,  with  open 
timbers,  and  covered  with  Horsham  stone, 
The  whole  of  the  church  has  been  reseated 
with  open  benches,  and  the  aisles  paved 
with  black  and  red  tiles.  The  pulpit  and 
reading-desk  are  of  carved  oak,  enriched 
with  the  tooth  ornament,  and  have  been 
placed  on  the  north  and  south  sides  of  the 
chancel  arch.  The  font  has  been  restored 
to  its  central  place  near  the  Western  en- 
trance, from  which  it  had  been  disturbed 
for  the  erection  of  a  gallery,  now  removed, 
and  is  relieved  by  a  carved  screen  beneath 
the  tower  arch.  It  is  of  Caen  stone,  sup- 
ported on  eight  Purbeck  marble  shafts, 
and  is  a  restoration  from  a  portion  of  the 
base  of  the  old  font.  A  memorial  window, 
by  Mr.  Willement,  has  been  placed  at  the 
east  end  of  the  south  aisle,  embodying  the 
two  great  commandments,  and  illustrated 
by  the  parable  of  **  The  Good  Samaritan,'' 


518 


Promotions  and  Preferments. 


[May, 


and  <<  Christ  Feeding  the  Mnltitade/' 
The  font  and  window,  which  is  in  memory 
of  the  late  John  Lucas,  esq.  of  lieene,  arc 
both  presented  by  members  of  that  family. 
A  new  peal  of  bells  has  been  hung  in  the 
tower,  recast  from  the  old  ones,  of  the 
same  weight,  by  Messrs.  Mcars,  of  Whitc- 
chapel*  The  whole  cost  of  the  works 
has  been  2,200/.  including  the  merely  ne- 
cessary repairs  bestowed  upon  the  chancel 
by  the  present  impropriate  Rectors,  the 
Ecclesiastical  Commissioners.  The  Vicar 
and  Churchwardens  have  affixed   to  the 


Chancel-screen  a  notice  itating  that  thejr 
are  not  responsible  for  the  nnseemlineM, 
not  to  say  the  meanness,  of  these  repairs, 
whilst  the  parish  has  been  doing  so  moeb. 
We  gave  some  particulars  of  the  circam- 
stances  attendant  on  West  Tarring,  which 
was  formerly  a  peculiar  of  the  see  of  Can* 
terbury,  in  our  Magazine  for  Sept.  last.  In 
reviewing  the  volume  of  **  Parochial  Pray* 
mcnts,"  published  by  the  Rer.  J.  W. 
Warter,  the  worthy  vicar,  to  whom 
need  scarcely  add  that  the  restorationa 
have  described  are  mainly  attributable. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Prbfkrmknts. 

Feb.  n.  Kniffhted,  John  Kingston  James, 
esa.  of  Hertford-street,  Mayfair. 

March  37.  James  Mayer  Grant,  esq.  to  be 
Treasurer  for  the  Island  of  St.  Vincent. 

March  28.  9th  Drafi^nons,  Major  C  J .  Foster, 
from  the  16th  Drsf^oonH,  to  lie  Major,  vice 
Major  W.  W.  Allen,  who  excban^ces.  —  14th 
Foot,  brevet  Major  Jotin  Watson  to  be  Major. 
—81st  Foot.  Major  J.  H.  Stewart  to  be  Licut.- 
Colonel;  Capt.  II.  F..  Sorcll  to  be  Major.— 
91st  Foot.  Assist.-Sun^eon  M.  W.  Murphy, 
from  80th  Foot,  to  be  riurfceon.— Rifle  Rrifrade, 
Assist.-Surg:  1).  K.  M'Kinnon,  from  78th  Foot, 
to  be  Surg^eon.— .Staff*,  Hrifc.-(Jen.  Lord  de  Kos 
to  be  Deputy  Quartermaster-Gen.,  and  Brig.- 
Gen.  J.  B.  B.  Kstronrt  to  be  Deputy  Adjutant- 
Oen.  to  the  Forrcn  nroceodinr  on  a  particular 
service.— Major  T.  H.  Tidy,  from  14th  Foot,  to 
be  Deputy  Adjt.-Gen.  at  Jamaica,  with  the 
rank  of  Lieut. -Colonel  in  the  army.— Brevet 
Lieut.-Col.  Peter  Farquharson,  late  Deputy 
AdJt.-Gen.  at  Jamaica,  to  he  Liout.-Coloncl.— 
Hospital  Staflf,  John  Hall,  M.I),  to  be  Inspector- 
Gen,  of  Hospitals.- W.  H.  Burrell,  M.D., 
I)a%'id  Dumbreck.  M.D.,  Thomas  Atkinson, 
M.D.,  John  Forrest,  M.D.,  and  William  Linton, 
M.D.,  to  be  Deputy  Inspector-Generals  of  Hos- 
pitals. 

March  29.  William  Earl  (if  Craven  to  be 
Lord- Lieutenant  and  (^istos  Rotulorum  of  the 
county  of  Warwick. 

MarchM.  Royal  Artiller>'. Lieut.-Col.Charlcs 
Dalton  to  be  Colonel;  Capt.  J.  W.  Ormsby  to 
be  Lieut.-Coloncl. 

March  31.  Royal  Knpineers,  Capt.  W.  T. 
Renwick  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 

Cardigan  Militia,  Capt.  W.  T.  R.  I'owell, 
late  Capt.  87th  Font,  to  br  Lieut.-('olonel  Com- 
mandant, rice  ('(il.  W.  K.  I'owell,  retired. — 
South  Glncester  Militia,  Major  II.  W.  Newman 
to  be  Lieut.-ColoncI ;  Capt.  John  Snrman  to 
be  Major.— i^outh  Lincoln  Militia,  H.  F.  Fane, 
esq.  late  Major  4th  Draj;.  to  be  Lieut. -Colonel ; 
Capt.  O.  T.  W.  SIbthorp  to  be  Major.— Royal 
London  Militia,  Lieut.-Col.  Samuel  Wilson  to 
be  Colonel;  Maior  Georre  MacCall  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel ;  C^apt.  (traham  KImslic  to  be 
Maior.— 3d  Middlesex  Militia,  C.  W.  H.  So- 
theby*  ^SU-  l<^te  (-apt.  60th  Rifles,  to  be  M.ijor. 
— Ist  Norfolk  Militia,  Capt.  II.  F.  Cubtance 
to  be  Major.— Radnor  Rifles,  Capt.  L  H.  Peel 
to  be  Major  and  Commandant.— Renfrewshire 
Militia,  $ir  R.  J.  M.  Napier,  Bart,  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel.  —  Staffordshire  Yeomanry  Cavalry, 
Lieut.-Col.  the  Hon.  William  Ba^t  to  be 
Lieut-Colonel  Commandant.  —  East  Huflfolk 
Militia,  T.  W.  B.  V.  Beauchamp,  esq.  to  be 
Major. -5tfa  West  York  Militia,  Capt.  Robert 
Medley  to  be  First  M%}or;  Capt.  C.  i\  Craven 
to  be  Second  MiOor. 


April  1.  William  ConKreve  Brackenbarj. 
esq.,  now  Consul  at  Madrid,  to  be  II. M.  Coaaal 
for  the  provinces  of  Biscay  and  Oalpoacoaf  ta 
reside  at  Bilboa. 

April  4.  26th  Foot,  Mi^or-Gen.  Philip  Baia- 
hriff)re.  CB.  to  be  Colonel. 

Ajpril  7.  Sd  Foot,  Capt.  Charles  Green  to  ba 
Major.— Dep^it  Battalion  at  Walmer,  Lieut.- 
C<ii.  Henry  Eyre  to  be  Lieut.-(>>lonel ;  Makir 
W.  D.  Deverell  to  be  Major.— Depdt  Battalioo 
at  Winchester,  Lieut.-Col.  H.  P.  Raymond  to 
be  Lieut.-Colonel.— DenAt  Battalion  at  Per- 
moy,  brevet  Lient.-Cof.  G.  V.  Creaffh,  froii 
half-pay  Unatt.,  to  be  Major.— DepAt  Battalion 
at  Templemore,  Lieut.-Col.  H.  I).  Townainid 
to  be  Ueut.-Colonel.— Staff,  brevet  CoL  J.  B. 
(joufrh,  (Ml.  to  be  Deputy  Qnartennaatcr-Gaa. 
in  Ireland;  brevet  Col.  rrcd.  MarkhaiOt (XB« 
S2d  Rep:t.  to  be  Adit.-Gen.  in  the  East  Indies  | 
brevet  Lleut.-CoI.  Henry  Havelock.  CB.  tobi 
Quartermaster-Gen.  in  the  East  Indiea ;  bivfil 
Lieut-Col.  F^lward  Lnirard,  C.B.,  IBth  Pooli 
to  be  Deputy  Aiyutant-Gen.  at  Bombay. 

April  10.  Royal  En^neers.  Lieut. -CoL  H.  J. 
Savage  to  be  Colonel ;  Capt.  T.  H.  Rimingtaa 
to  be  Lieut. -Colonel. 

April  14.  5th  Draf^oon  Guards,  Mi^lor  Tb^ 
mas  Le  Marchant  to  be  Mi^of'^^tn  Fbol. 
Lieut.-Col.  Henry  C.  Cobbe,  from  Sd  WeoC 
India  Rei^iment,  to  be  Lieat.>C0lonel.--l 
Foot,  Major  Robert  Sanders  to  be  Ueut.- 


ncl;  Capt.  H.  E.  McGee  to  be  M^or.— 7M 
Fuot,  tirevet  Lieut.-Col.  F.  G.  A.  Pindcney  to 
be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  brevet  Major  R.  P.  Gam^ 


bell  to  be  Major.— Depot  Itattalion  at  Pemwr* 
Lieut.Cul.  E.  W.  W.  Passy  to  be  Lient.4>ilo- 
uel.— Brevet,  Cot.  H.  H.  Rose,  C.II.  to  hara 
the  rank  of  Brig^.-General  while  employed  wf lb 
the  army  on  a  particular  service. — Lieat.-Ort. 
T.  P.  Thompson  to  be  Colonel  in  tbe  arssy.^ 
Capt.  E.  S.  Clareroout,  of  tbe  Royal  r.«^M4iM 
Rifles,  to  have  the  rank  of  Major  tn  tbe  araay 
while  employed  on  a  particular  service. — OagfL 
Robert  Blane  (on  tbe  Staff  of  tbe  amy  pva> 
ccedinr  to  Turkey),  to  be  Major  In  tbe  amy. 

April  15.  The  Rieht  Hon.  Henry  Uarana 
Adulncton  sworn  of  the  Hon.  Privy  C^nncllv— 
I'he  RiKht  Hon.  .^ir  James  Robert  Ocone 
Graham.  Bart,  to  be  GC.B.  (avil  Uivislon)^ 
Robert  .Molesworth,  esq.  to  be  a  Member  of  tba 
Legislative  Council  of  tbe  colony  of  Victoria. 
—The  Rev.  Edward  Penrose  Arnold,  M.A. 
Fellow  of  All  .Siuln*  Collese,  Oxford,  and  tha 
Rev.  William  Campbell.  B.A.  to  be  two  of  Har 
Majesty's  AssiNtant  Inspectors  of  Scboola. 

April  IR.  32d  Foot,  Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  WO- 
louf^hby  Cotton,  G.C.B.,  fh>m  gstb  F^ot,  to  ba 
Colonel.— 68th  Foot,  Midor-Gen.  Sir  W.  U 
Herries,  CB.  to  be  Colonel.— 98th  Foot,  Ualor- 
Gen.  W'.  L.  Dsrlin;  to  be  Cokmel.  —  tSid 
iVapier,  late  Secretary  of  LcRitkm  at  n  ~ 


1854.] 


Promotiofis  and  Preferments. 


519 


burf^b,  to  be  Secretary  of  Embassy  at  Ck)nstaa- 
tinople. 

April  19.  Royal  Marines,  Lieut.*Col.  Cbarles 
Compton  Pratt  to  be  Colonel  Second  Com- 
mandant ;  Capt.  H.  W.  Parke,  of  the  Artillery 
Companies,  to  be  Lieut  .•Colonel —Royal  Sap- 

Sers  and  Miners,  Capt.  F.  A.  Yorke  to  be 
tric^ade  Major- 

April  21.  Royal  Horse  Guards,  Capt.  R.  H. 
R.  H.Vyse  to  be  Major.— 16th  Foot,  brevet 
Lieut. -Col.  W.  Cockeli  to  be  Lieut. -Colonel ; 
Capt.  A.  Munro  to  be  Major.— 43d  Foot,Lieut.- 
Co  .  J.  Brown,  from  the  94th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut- 
Co  onel,  vice  Lieut. -Col.  R.  N.  Phillips,  who 
exchanges.— Depot  Battalion  at  Winchester, 
brevet  Lieut. -Col.  W.  Slater  to  be  Major.- 
Depot  Battalion  at  Templemore,  Major  H.  G. 
Hart  to  be  Major.— Unattached,  Capt.  Henry 
Duke  of  Beaufort,  from  7th  Li^ht  Draffoons, 
to  be  M.ij or.— Brevet,  Lieut.-Col.  H.D. Towns- 
bend,  of  DepOt  Battalion  at  Templemore,  to  be 
Colonel  in  the  array  ;  Lieut.-Col.  W.  F.  Beat- 
son,  of  the  East  India  Company's  Service,  to 
have  the  local  rank  of  Colonel  while  employed 
in  the  Turkish  dominions. 

April  22.  James  Earl  of  Elirin  and  Kincar- 
dine, KT.  to  be  Lieut,  and  Sheriff  Principal 
of  the  shire  of  Fife.— John  Myrle  Holl,  esq.  to 
be  Treasurer,  Edward  Palmer,  esa.  to  be  At- 
torney-General, Francis  Longworto,  esq.  to  be 
Colonial  Secretary,  and  George  Wright,  esq.  to 
be  Registrar  and  Keeper  of  Plans,  for  Prmce 
Edward  Island.— John  Myrie  Holl,  Edward 
Palmer,  Donald  Monts^omery,  Francis  Long- 
worth,  James  Heron  G}nroy,  Rodrick  McAu-. 
lay,  and  Emanuel  M'Eachen,e8qs.  to  be  Mem- 
bers of  the  Executive  Council  of  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island.— Charles  Heddle,  esq.  to  be  Mem- 
ber of  the  Council  of  Sierra  Leone.— Hugh 
Culling  Eardley  Childers,  esq.  to  be  Collector 
of  Customs,  Edward  Grimes,  esq.  to  beAU' 
ditor-General,  and  Norman  Campbell,  esq.  to 
be  Registrar- General  for  the  colony  of  Victoria. 


Colonel  Hugh  Henry  Rose,  CB.  Secretary  of 
Embassy  at  Constantinople,  to  be  Military 
Commissioner  to  the  French  Expeditionary 
Army  in  the  East. 

Charles  Cavendish  Clifford,  esq-  to  be  Private 
Secretary  to  Ix)rd  Palmerston. 

The  Right  Hon.  T.  B.  Macaulay,  M.P.,  the 
Right  Hon.  Lord^Ashburton,  Mr.  John  Shaw 
Letevrc,  C.B.,  the  Kev.  Henry  Melvill,  B.D., 
Principal  of  Haileybury  College,  and  the  Rev. 
Benjamin  Jowett,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Balliol 
College,  Oxford,  to  be  a  committee  for  the  pur- 
pose of  considering  the  best  means  of  ctrryinr 
out  the  clauses  of  the  Government  of  India  Act 
of  last  session,  under  which  admission  to  the 
College  of  Haileybury  will  hereafter  be  open  to 
competition. 

East  India  House.— The  following  is  the  list 
api>oirited  by  the  Court  of  Directors  of  the  East 
India  Company  on  the  8th  of  March,  1854,  to  be 
Directors  under  the  Act  16th  and  17th  of  Vic- 
toria, chap.  95:— Mr.  C.  Mills,  Mr.  Russell 
Ellice,  Mr.  W.  Butterworth  Bayley,  Mr.  J. 
^^hephe^d,  Mr.  M.  T.  Smith,  M.P.,  Sir  H.  Wil- 
lock,  K.L.S.,  Sir  J.  W.  Hogg,  M.P.,  Lieut.- 
Colonel  \V.  H.  Sykes.  Mr.  Elliot  Macnarhten, 
Major  J.  Oliphant,  the  Hon.  W.  H.  Leslie 
Melvill.  Mr.  R.  1).  Mangles,  M.P.,  Mr.  W.  J. 
Eastwick,  Mr.  J-  H.  Astell.  and  Mr.  H.  T. 
Prinsep.  Major  James  Oliphant  is  chosen 
Chairman,  and  Elliot  Macnaghten,  esq.  De- 
puty-Chairman. 

Lord  Hateman  to  be  Chairman  of  the  Shrews- 
bury and  Birmingham  Railway  Company. 

Richard  Hartley  Kennedy,  esq.  elected 
Alderman  of  Cheap  Ward. 


Membert  returned  to  servi  in  Parliament, 

Durham  CNorikJ.— Lord  Adolpbas  Vane. 

Litkeard  — Ralph  Wm.  Grey,  esq. 

Southampton.Sir  A.  J.  E.  Cockbam,  Soli- 
citor-Gen. re-el.  after  accepting  the  Recorder- 
ship  of  Bristol. 

Tj/nemouth.—Vfrn.  Scbaw  Lindsay,  esq. 

Westmer land. —The  Earl  of  Bective. 


Naval  PRErERMENTS. 

April  1.  (On  the  removal  of  the  name  of 
Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue  Sir  John  Franklin 
from  the  list),  Capt.  Lord  Colchester  to  be 
Rear-Admiral  on  the  reserved  list ;  Capt. 
Cbarles  Hope  to  be  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

April*.  Capt.  Erasmus Ommanney (Deputy 
Controller-General  of  the  Coastguard)  to  the 
Eurydice  26;  Capt.  Q.  N.  Broke  to  the  Gla- 
diator steam-frinte. 

April  18.  To  be  Captains,  James  A.  Paynter. 
J.  C.  Prevost,  Sir  William  Wiseman,  Bart,  and 
N.  Vansittart.— To  be  Commandera,  F.  T.  C. 
Strode,  G.  O.  Willes,  and  W.  B.  A.  Gordon. 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 

Right  Rev.  T.  Carr,  D.D.  (late  Bishop  of  Bom- 
bay), Bath  R.  Somerset. 

Rev.  R.  Bickerstetb  (R.  of  St.  Gilea-in-the- 
Fields.  London),  Canonry  in  the  (Cathedral 
Church  of  Saliabnry. 

Rev.  R.  Dnrnford  (R.  of  Middleton).  Hon. 
Can.  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Manchester. 

Rev.  W.  Hey  (Master  of  St.  Peter's  School. 
York),  C:an.  in  the  C^athedral  Church  of  York. 

Rev.  —  Lowe,  Minor  Canonry  in  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  Durham. 

Rev.  T.  Richardson,  Priest-Vicar  of  the  Cathe- 
dral Church  of  St.  David's. 

Rev.  W.  Richardson  (F.C.  of  St.  David's), 
Oinonry  of  Llandisilio-Gogoff  in  the  Cathe- 
dral Church  of  St.  David's. 

Rev.  J.  P.  Williams,  Sub-Dean  of  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  St.  David's. 

Rev.  H.  Abud.  Uttoxeter  V.  Staffordshire. 

Rev.  W.  Alford,  Foike  R.  Dorset. 

Rev.  J.  Anderson,  Norton-on-the-Moora  R.  w. 
Small  thorn  C.  Stafibrdshire. 

Rev.C.Bailey,EhidonR.w.Hor8leyC.Northumb. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Beever,  St.  Hilary  V.  Glamorir. 
Rev.  R.  Cage,  Rathconnell  V.  dio.  Meath. 
Rev.  J.  Colborne,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Fainawick 

(or  Slad),  Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  J.  Cronshaw,  St.  Thomas  P.C  Wigan. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Crowfoot,  South  wold  P.C.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  C.  Eckersall,  Lower-Beeding  P.C.  Soaaex. 
Rev.  S.  Edwardes,  Woolvercott  P.C.  Oxfordsh. 
Rev.  W.  Elliott,  All  Saints'  R.  Wore. 
Rev.  H.  G.  Faussett.  South  Littleton  P.C.  w. 

Middle  Littleton  P.C.  Worceaterahire, 
Rev.  J.  Fox  (V.  of  Hedon),  Preaton-in-HoIder- 

ness  V.  Yorkshire  (bv  dispensation). 
Rev.  G.  E.  Freeman,  Emmanuel  P.C.  Bolton« 

le-Moors,  Lancashire. 
Rev.  J.  Geldart,  Puddington  V.  Beds. 
Rev.  P.  Gilpin,  Yarcombe  V.  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  Graves,  Kilmocar  V.  dio.  Ossory. 
Rev.  E.  H.  J.  Hawke,  Willingham  R.  Unc. 
Rev.  J.  Uemsted,  Gratwich  St.  Marv  R.  Staff. 
Rev.  R.  Henderson,  Brompton-Ralpb  R.  Som. 
Rev.  R.  W.  Hirgs,  D.C.L.  Handboroogh  R.  Ozf. 
Rev.  C.  Hill,  Culworth  R.  and  V.  Nortbampt. 
Rev.  H.  D.  Hilton,  Orlingbury  R.  Nortbampt. 
Rev.  C.  A.  Hunter,  Tanworth  V.  Warw. 
Rev.  R.  T.  Jenkina,  Uanginning  P.C.  Cam. 
Rev.  J.  Jerram,  Fleet  V.  Dncolnshire. 
Rev.  S.  J.  Jerram,  Cbobham  V.  Surrey. 
Rev.  J.  Keehng.  St.  Paul  P.C.  Uason  Grove. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Leech.  Eroly  V.  Ireland. 
Rev.  J.  Macbean,  St.  Andrew'*  Church,  Ceylon. 
Rev.  W.  S.  McDoaall,  Onadeo  R.  Soffolk. 


520 


Births — Marriages. 


[May, 


Rev.  A.  McLauf^hlin,  Fetiuor  R.  V.  and  Pre- 
bend, dio.  Cftshel. 

Rer.  W.  Marsh,  Wethersfleld  V.  Essex. 

Rev.  M.  Mitchell,  Kirtliiij^V.  Cambridfreshire. 

Rev.W.  L.  Newham,  Barrow>iipon-SoarV.Leic. 

Rev.  C.  F«  Norman,  Portisheaa  R.  Somerset. 

Rev.  J.  D.  Palmour,  Jeffreyston  V.  Pemb. 

Rev.  N.  G.  Pilkington,  Sunday  Evenings  Lec- 
tureship.St.  Andrew's, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Rev.  F.  J.  Poole.  St.  John  P.C.  Leeds. 

Rev.  F.  Reade,  St.  John  P.C.  Hove,  Sussex. 

Rev.  G.  V.  Reed.  Hayes  R.  Kent. 

Rev.  G.  S.  Robertson,  Pightlestone  P.O.  Backs. 

Rev.  J.  Ross,  St.  James  P.C.  w.  Pockthorpe, 
Norwich. 

Rev.  F.  A.  Savile,  North  Huish  R.  Devonshire. 

Rev.  W.  L.  Sharpe,  St.  PauPs  P.C.  Whipping- 
ham,  Isle  of  Wight. 

Rev.  T.  Sikes,  Chevening  R.  Kent. 

Rev.  J.  Sparling,  Eccleston  R.  Lancashire. 

Rev.  S.  W.  Steedman,  Fyfield  R.  Hants. 

Rev.  F.  Stonhouse,  Honily  R.  Warwickshire. 

Rev.  G.  Swift,  St.  John's  Chapel.  Beverley. 

Rev.  A.  Tatham,  Halam  P.C.  Notts. 

Rev.C.Tayler.Bamby-in-the-Willows  V.  Notts. 

Rev.  G.  I).  Thomson,  Queenborough  P.C.  Kent. 

Rev.  F.  E.  Tower,  Elmsthorpe  R.  w.  Earl  Shil- 
ton  C-  Leicestershire. 

Rov.  L.  Tuttiett,  Lea  Marston  P.C.  Warw. 

Rev.  W.  Verdon,  Pendlebury  P.C.  Lane. 

Rev.  J.  Walcot,  Ribbesford  R.  Worcestershire. 

Rev.  H.  G.  Williams,  Preston  R.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  H.  Wright,  Hambledon  R.  Surrey. 

Rev.  P.  Wvnter,  D.U.  (President  of  St.  John's 
Coll.  Oxford),  South  Warnborough  R.  Hants. 

To  Chaplaincies, 

Rev.  W.  Bell,  H.M.S.  Belleislc,  hospital-ship, 
with  the  Baltic  Fleet. 

Rev.  E.  L.  Bowman,  H.M.S.  Tribune. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Bunce,  H.M.S.  Conway. 

Rev.  J.  M.  Edwards.  H.M.S.  Hannibal. 

Rev.  H.  W.  Kgnn,  H.M.  Forces  in  the  East. 

Rev.  F.  Finch,  H.M.S.  Imperieuse. 

Rev.  T.  Gardner,  the  Garrison,  Cork. 

Rev.  H.J.Garrod.  Royal  Infirmary,  Liverpool. 

Rev.  A.Green  well,  the  County  Prisons,  Durham. 

Rev.  H.  L.  Hussey,  to  l^ady  Rolle. 

Rev.  G.  Lawless,  H.M.  Forces  in  the  East. 

Rev.  A.  J.  McCausland  (Missionary),  Mel- 
bourne, Australia. 

Rev.  F.  R.  Stratton,  H.M.S.  Edinburgh. 

Ruv.  J.  H.  Theodosius,  the  Union.  Stafford. 

Rev.  T.  C.  E.  Warcup,  H.M.S.  Edinburgh. 

Collegiate  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 

Rev.  A.  Barry,  Head  Mastership,  Leeds  Gram- 
mar School. 

Rev.  —  Perownp,  Professorship  of  English 
History,  and  Lectureship  of  .Modern  History, 
King's  College,  London. 

Rev.R.Scott.  Mastership  of  Balliol  College.  Oxf. 

Rev.  T.  L.  Howlett,  Association  Secretary  to 
the  London  Society  for  Promoting  Chris- 
tianity among  the  Jews. 


BIRTHS. 

Jan.  11.  At  Melbourne,  Victoria,  the  wife  of 
Hogb  Culling  Eardlcy  Childers.  esq.  a  son. 

March  15.  At  Rome,  the  wife  of  Henry  Ed- 
wyn  Chandos  Scudamore  Stanhope,  esti.  a  son. 
-——19.    In  Eaton  sq.  the  Viscountess  Enfield, 

a  dau. At  lioulognc.  Lady  Muir  Mackenzie, 

a  son. 30.    In  IMccadilly,  Lady  Catharine 

Carnegie,  a  son  and  heir. At  Heme  liay, 

the  wife  of  Frederick  James  Perceval,  esq.  s 

son. At  Brighton,  the  wife  of  Col.  Kemeya 

Tynte,  M.P.  a  dau. —  21.  At  Florence.  Mrs- 
Robert  Hay  Murray,  a  son. 2S.    In  Sussex 

sfjuare,   Mrs.    Longman,   a  dau. 34.     At 

Peterley  honse,  Bucks,  the  wife  of  Wildman 


Yates  Peel,  esq.  a  dan. At  My  ton,  Warw. 

the  wife  of  Lieat.-CoL  Windham.  Imte  Cold- 
stream Guards,  a  son. 28.    In  New  street. 

Lady  Mary  Hoare,  a  son. ^The  Hon.  Mrs. 

Edward  Wingfield.  a  son. 98.    At  Eaton  aq. 

Pimlico.  the  wife  of  J.  H.  Manners  Sntton, 

esq.  M.P.  a  son. At  Leytonstone  honae, 

Essex,  the  wife  of  T.  Fowell  Buxton,  esq.  a 

son. In  Hill  at.  Berkeley  sq.  Mrs.  Henry 

Hippisley,  of  Lambonrne  PI.  Berks,  a  son.— 
At  Baden  Baden,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Henry 


Lateward,  Brit.  Chaplain,  a  dau. AtUI 

croft,  Leic.  the  wife  of  Thomas  Henry  Pans, 

esq.  a  son. 29.    At  Drumboe*  Lady  Hayes, 

a  dau. 81.    At  Bournemouth,  Hanta,  tlie 

Hon.  Mrs.  Abercromby,  ason. At  Gibraltar, 

the  wife  of  H.  Walpole  Dashwood,  Lient.  R.  H. 
Art.  a  son. 

Lately.    At  Freshwater,  I.W.  Mrs.  Alftcd 

Tennyson,  a  son. At  Kilkenny,  the  wife  of 

Lient.-Col.  Mundy,  a  son. 

April  1.    At  Eaton  pi.  the  wife  of  John  Har« 

vey  Astell,  esq.  a  dau. At  Holbrooke  prmnfeb 

the  wife  of  Charles  M.  Caldecott,  esq.  a  aoa. 

3.    At  Putney,  Lady  Eardley  WilmoC  a 

dau. At  Fawsley,  the  seat  of  ber  fatber.  Sir 

C.  Knightley,  Bart,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Gage,  ason. 

At  Kensington  gore,  Hyde  park,  tbe  wifc 

of  Robert  W.  Myuie,  esq.  a  son. S.    At 

Torquay,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Sprina  Rice,  a  dsa. 

4.    At  the  vicarage,  Tudely,  Kent,  tbe  wilb 

of  the  Rev.  John  Beauvoir  DaUson,  a  aonw— 
5.  At  the  rectory,  Boughton  Malberbe,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Edwam  Moore,  a  son.— 

7.    At  Glynn,  Lady  Vivian,  a  son At  Watar- 

loo,  Hants,  the  wife  of  John  Moore  Napier 

Napier,  esq.  a  son. In  James  st.  Bockfaf- 

ham  gate,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  K.  E.  A.  Momv, 
a  dau. — 8.    At  Grey  abbey.  Lady  Cbaitant 

Montgomery,  a  dau. At  Dyrfaam  paric.  tts 

Hon.  Mrs.  Trotter,  a  son. 10.    Ladr  Km* 

leigh,  a  son. At  Bedale  hall,  Yorkabtre,  tbe 

wife  of  H.  Beresford  Peirse,  esq.  a  son.— 
II .  At  Thorpe,  next  Norwich,  at  ner  fiMbei% 
the  Rev.  Sir  George  Stracey,  Bart,  tlie  wifc  of 

Berkeley  Macpherson,  esq. ason. InUppv 

Harley  st.  Mrs.  Henry  R.  Reynolda,  adso. 
13.    At  Bornemouth ,  Hants,  the  H  on.  M  ra.  B. 

Manners  Sutton,  a  son. In  Ruaaetl  aq.  tbe 

wife  of  Bransby  Wm.  Powys,  esq.  a  dan!^^ 
13.    At  Edwinsford,  Carm.  Lady  DrumaoBi, 

a  dau. In  Lowndes  sq.  the  Hon.  Bftra.  SaytK 

a  dau. The  wife  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Anderaoni 

Curate  of  Staines,  a  son. 14.    At  flvriaa 

hall,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of  Coram.  Tyasen,  ■Jf. 

a  son. At  Oldbury  Hall,  Warw-  tbe  wiii  of 

John  Hardy,  esq.  a  son. 15.    Tbe  wifc  of 

Capt.  G.  T.  Phipps  Hornby,  ILN.  a  dan. 

At  St.  John's  Wood,  the  wife  of  Hepwnifb 

Dixon,  esu.  F.S. A.  a  dan. 19.    Tbe  wilb  of 

the  Hon.  John  C.  Erskine,  a  dan. 


MARRIAGES. 

July  26.    At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 

Lamberts  esq.  Bengal  Art.  son  of  Gob 

(i.  R.  Lambert,  R.N.  to  Lonisa-BasiUa,  dw, 
of  the  late  John  Bishop,  esq.  of  Snnbnry. 

yov.  10.  At  Melbourne,  tbe  Rev.  Henry  H. 
Paulet  //ani^M, Minister  of  St.Peier*a  cbnn, 
son  of  the  late  Capt.  Edward  Handfleld.  E.ir. 
to  Mary- Leigh,  eldest  dan.  of  Wm.  IJplM 
Tripp,  eyq. 

19.    At  St.  David's  cathedral,  Henry  1 


ton  Ansteyt  esq.  M.L.C.  of  Anstey  Bartoi 
Adelaide,  second  dan.  of  Peter  Kobert8« 
Assistant  Commissary-Gen.  of  Van  — 
Land. 

Dec.  16.  At  Jnllundur,  E.I.  CbaticB  vaeb 
Ormaut  esq.  39th  Bengal  N.  Inf.  ■*fi^nd  son  if 
the  late  Rev.  C.  J.  Orman*  of  SbonldhaM.  li 
Isabella- Jane,  second  dau.  of  JMaior  JC  J* 
Hawthorne,  7th  Bengal  Caralry. 


1854.] 


Mannages. 


621 


22.  At  Sholapore,  W.  V.  ShetoelU  esq.  20th 
Bombay  N.L  second  son  of  E.  W.  Sbewell. 
esq.  of  Cheltenham,  to  Louisa-Paulina,  third 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  J.  S.  Wood, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Tower. 

27.  At  Tanna,  Lieut.  Robert  MeUlabjf,  son 
of  Joseph  Maliaby,  esq.  of  Loxley  park,  Stnfi'. 
to  Sophia- Blayney,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Ed- 
mund T.  Harpur,  esq.  of  H.E.LCo's.  Med. 
Service. 

Jan.  2.  At  Madras,  Charles  Philip  Gottling, 
esq.  Civil  Service,  son  of  Lieut.-Col.  Gostling, 
Comm.  R.  Art.  Malta,  to  Selina-Anae-Mary- 
Charlotte,  dau.  of  Sir  Vansittart  Stonhoose, 
Bart. 

4.  At  Jaulnah,  E.L  Septimus  Hodgson,  esq. 
Lieut.  2d  Madras  Lig^ht  uav.  younfpest  son  of 
the  late  Major-Gen.  C.  Hodj^son,  Bombay  Art. 
to  Harriet- Isabella,  eldest  dau.  of  Lieut-Col. 
W.  £.  Litchfield,  2d  Madras  Ughi  Cavalry. 

12.  At  Bombay,  Frederick  Talbot  Comewdll, 
esq.  H.E.LC.S.  son  of  Herbert  Cornenall,  esq. 
of  Delbury  hall,Shropsh.  to  Elita-Susan-Anna- 
bella,  eldest  dau.  of  Major  Bid  well  Edwardes, 
K.H. 

17.  At  Bombay,  Frederic  Longford  Yonge, 
esq.  16th  N.L  to  Georgiana-Annie-Chalroers, 
elder  dau. ;  and  Hely  Frederic  Botton,  esq. 
12th  N.L  to  Eliza-Jane,  young^er  dau.  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  D.  G.  Duflf,  Bombay  Army. 

25.  At  Thorpe,  near  Norwich,  the  Rev. 
Arthur  Gilbert,  M.A.  of  Gayton,  Norfolk,  to 
Anna,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John 

Hammond,  esq. At  Georgetown,  the  Rev. 

F.  J.  Wyatt,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Demerara. 
to  Emma-Wilday,  dau.  of  J.  Pearce,  esq.  and 
widow  of  the  Rev.  A.  J.  Borlindor,  Rector  of 
St.  Patrick's,  Berbice. 

26.  At  Spondon,  Derb.  John  Blackwood, 
esq.  publisher,  Edinburgh,  to  Julia,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Blandford,  Rector  of 

Kirton,  Notts. At  Bury,  Lane.  Hodder  i2o- 

berttt  esq.  50th  Regt.  to  Jane,  youngest  dau. 

of  Richard  Walker,  esq.  Wood  hill,  Bury. 

At  Bakewell,  R.  L.  AUnutt,  esq.  Maidstone, 
to  Eliza-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Mur- 
rey, of  Broadstone,  Wigtonshire,  and  niece  of 
Lady  Lowthrop,  of  Alga  house,  Scarborough. 

At  Elins,  Hants,  Richard   Fownes   Win- 

arove,  esq.  of  the  Grove,  Worth,  Sussex,  to 
Emma,  relict  of  F.  C.  Wilson,  esq.  of  Langley, 
Elins,  and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  H.  T. 
Timson.  esq.  of  Tatchbury  Mount. At  Dur- 
ham, Bertrand,  second  son  of  John  Gurdon, 
esq.  of  Assington  hall,  SuflT.  to  Sarah-Evelyn, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  C.  King.  Rector  of 

St.  Mary-le-Bow,  Durham. At  Betch worth, 

Surrey,  the  Rev.  Henry  Clarence  Pigou,  M.A. 
Curate  of  Romsey,  Hampshire,  to  Catherine- 
Louisa,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Lewis 

Way,  formerly  of  Stansted  park,  Sussex. 

At  Melton,  William  Morden  Carthew,  esq.  of 
Carisbrook,  Isle  of  Wight,  son  of  the  late  Her. 
Thomas  Carthew,  of  Woodbrid^e,  to  Matilda- 
Sophia,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John 

Hayward   Buckingham,  esq.    of  Melton. 

At  St.  Marylebone,  J.  T.  Akerman,  esq.  to 
Ellen-Augusta,  eldest  dau.  of  Egbert  Steer 
Cossens,  esq. 

28.  At  Kayonne,  Frederick  Morris,  esq. 
Lieut.  R.N.  third  son  of  Sir  John  Morris.  Bart, 
of  Sketty  park,  Glam.  to  Agnes,  only  child  of 

the  late  Charles  Brandford,  esq. At  West 

Ham,  Essex,  Alfred  Parmenter  Simons,  esq. 
Bengal  Art.  eldest  son  of  the  Late  W.  Simons, 
esq.  H.E.LC.S.  to  Catherine-Ann,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  Edw.  Stock,  esq.  of  Plaistow,  Essex. 

Feb.  9.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the 
Rev.  Arthur  F.  H.  Scholefield,  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  J.  Scholefield,  Rector  of  Barton- 
on-the- Heath,  Warw.  to  Harriet,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Peter  Pope  Firth,  esq.  of  Rose  hill. 
Rotherham. At  Chigwell,  Samuel,  second 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


son  of  Wm.  Loftus  Lowndes,  esq.  Q.C.  to 
Letitia- Baden,  eldest  dau.  of  Wm.  Geo.  Wat- 
son, esq. At  Cheltenham,  Robert  D.  Gibny, 

esq.  59th  Bengal  N.L  son  of  Dr.  Gibny,  to 
Sophia- Margaret,  youngest  dau.  of  Abraham 

Devonsher,  esq.  of  Kilshaneck,  co.  Cork. 

At  St.  Mary's  Itryanston  sq.  the  Rev.  Charles 
Fre<l.  Seymour,  Rector  of  Winchfleld,  Hants, 
to  Isabella-Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  J.  H.  G.  Lefroy,  Rector  of  Ashe,  Hants. 

At  Toronto,  Frederic,  second  son  of  the 

late  Rev.  Wm.  Barlie,  Rector  of  West  Chil- 
tington,  to  Emma-Susannah,  second  dau.  of 
S.  Strickland,  esq. 

14.  At  Wandsworth,  Dr.  Thomas  Dillon, 
H.E.LC.S.  eldest  son  of  Dr.  Dillon,  Provincial 
Inspector,  Ireland,  to  Adelaide- Bryant,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Hatch,  Vicar 

of  Walton -on-Thames. At  Cheltenham,  the 

Rev.  Allen  Gordon  Cameron,  Curate  of  Penk- 
ridge.  Staff,  to  Mary,  only  dau.  of  late  Geo. 
Wm.  Traill,  esq.  of  Veira,  N.B. At  Charl- 
ton, Kent,  Comm.  Robert  Co0/«,  R.N.  fourth 
son  of  Sir  Chas.  Henry  Coote,  Bart.  M.P.  to 
Lucy,  eldest  dan.  of  Rear-Adm.  Sir  W.  E.  Parry, 

Lieut.-Gov.    of  Greenwich    Hospital. At 

Leamington  Prior's,  Jonas  Stawell,  esq.  late 
Capt.  45tb  Regt.  to  Harriet-Innes,  youngest 
dau.  of  Arnold  Thompson,  esq.  late  of  the  81st 

Regt. At  Oswestry,  the  Rev.  George  CuM- 

bert,  Carate,  to  Emily,  widow  of  the  Rev.  John 

Poole,  B.A.  Rector  of  Llandysilio. At  Calais, 

Andrew  Coffey,  esq.  J. P.  Listowel,  co.  Kerry, 
to  Eleanor-Dorothea,  youngest  dau.  of  D.  F. 

Ryan,  esq.  barrister. At   Hartley,  Wore. 

Charles  J.  Bridge,  esq.  of  New  Zealand,  to 
Elizabeth-Frances,  youngest  dau.  of  Sir  Chas. 

Hastings,  M.D.  D.CL.  of  Worcester. At 

Monkstown,  Dubliu,  the  Rev.  Robert  W.  Cage, 
Vicar  of  Rathconnell,  to  Maria,  fourth  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  John  Hunt,  Prebendary  of  Rath- 
michael. 

15.  The  Rev.  Robert  Pinckney,  eldest  son 
of  Robert  Pinckney,  esq.  of  Amesbur^,  to 
Marianne-Adelaide,  dau.  of  D.  C.  Macreight, 
esq.  M.D.  Hauteville,  Jersey,  and  granddau. 
of  the  late  Sir  William  Paxton. At  Padding- 
ton,  the  Rev.  James  Wright  Tomkin,  Perp. 
Curate  of  Lindsey,  Suffolk,  to  Mary- Charlotte- 
Harriet,  widow  of  C.  L.  Sugden,  esq.  Lieut. 
S9th  Madras  N.  Inf.  and  only  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  J.  C.  Wright,  Rector  of  Walkern,  Herts. 

At  Lamport,  N'th'pt.  the  Rev.  C.  P.  Buck- 

worth.  Rector  of  Sherborne,  Hants,  second 
son  of  T.  R.  Buckworth,  esq.  of  Cockley  Cley, 
Norfolk,  to  Maria,  second  dan.  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Packe,  of  Twyford  hall. 

16.  At  St.  Pancras,  the  Rev.  C.  F.  Brough- 
ton.  Rector  of  Norbury-cum-Snelston,  Derb. 
to  Mary-Jane,  only  child  of  Wm.  Pennell,  esq. 

of  Cumberland  terrace,  Regent's  park. At 

St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Edward,  third  son 
of  the  late  Hon.  and  Rev.  Arthur  Veysey,  of 
Abbeyleix,  Ireland,  to  Anne-Julia,  youngest 
dau.  o{  the  late  Samuel  Page,  esq.  or  Hadley 

house,  Middlesex. At  St.  George's  Hanover 

square,  Capt.  Fearon,  14th  Bombay  N.L  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Gen.  Fearon,  to  Claudine 
A'hmuty,  eldest  dau.  of  Col.  Claude  Douglas, 

Bengal  Army. At  St.  Andrew's,  Plymouth, 

Major  Robt.  Murray  Banner,  93d  Highlanders, 
to  Anne,  second  dau.  of  Joseph  Ferguson,  esq. 

M.P.  for  Carlisle. At  Stainton,  in  Cleveland, 

Robert  Calverley  Bewicke,  esq.  second  ton  of 
C.  B.  Bewicke,  esq.  of  Coulby  manor,  co.  York, 
to  Mary-Teresa,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Wm. 

Gooch,  Canon   of  York. At   Maidstone, 

Thos.  Sargent  Little,  esq.  Capt.  unatt.  aecond 
son  of  Major  Little,  or  Charlton,  to  Julia, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  William  Vailance, 

RectorofSouthchurcb,  Essex. At  Brighton, 

Benj.  Octavius  Engleheart,  second  surviving 
son  of  N.  B.  Engleheart,  esq.  of  Doctors'  com- 

3X 


522 


Mai*riages» 


[May, 


mons  and  Blackheath,  to  Cordelia,  younzest 
dau.  of  the  late  Harry  Blaker,  esq.  of  Biljrb- 
ton. At  Newliaven,  Sussex,  the  Rev.  Frede- 
rick Spurrellf  Rector  of  Faalkboume,  Essex, 
to  FranccSi  young^est  dau.  of  the  late  John 

Gray,  esq.  of  West  Ham,  Essex. At  St. 

Marylebone,  Robert  Richardson,  esq.  F.S.A. 
of  Lincoln's  inn,  barrister-at-law,  son  of  Alder- 
man Richardson,  of  Swansea,  formerly  of  South 
Shields,  to  Maria-Louisa,  only  child  of  Henry 

Gardner,  esq.  of  Regent's  park. At  Christ 

church  Marylebone,  John  Louis,  esa.  erandson 
of  Adm.  Sir  John  Louis,  C.B.  of  Cholston, 
Devon,  to  Fanny-Anne,  granddau.  of  the  late 
J.  Bland,  esq. At  Trinity  church  Padding- 
ton,  George  vaughan,  esq.  of  Westboume  terr. 
to  Elitabeth,  wioow  of  Charles  Barron,  esq.  of 

Denmark  hill. At  St.   Leonard's,  Execer, 

the  Rev.  Wm.  Hooper,  B.A.  Incumbent  of 
Mariansleigh,  Devon,  second  son  of  H.  Hooper, 
esq.  of  Mount  Radford,  to  Helen,  youngest 

dau.  of  late  Commissary-Gen.  Palmer. At 

Darlihgton,  John  Aldenon,  esq.  of  Thornby, 
Cumb.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Christopher 
Alderson  Alderson.  esq.  of  Woodhall  park, 
Yorkshire,  to  Bessie-Uilda,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Joseph  Hope,  esq.  Stanwix,  Carlisle. 

ao.  At  ChildwaU.  Lieut.-Col.  Arthur  John- 
stone Lawrence,  Rifle  Brigade,  youngest  son 
of  the  late  Charles  Lawrence,  esq.  of  Mossley 
hill,  Liverpool,  to  Jacintha  Charlotte  Hutton, 
widow  of  Edward  T.  Hutton,  esq.  of  Beverley, 
and  dau.  of  the  Rev.  James  Evre,  of  the  Min- 
ster, Beverley. At  South  Stoneham,  Hants, 

the  Rev.  Chas.  J.  Dickinson,  Rector  of  Narrag- 
more,  Dublin,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Bishop  of 
Meatli,  to  Agnes- Augusta,  second  dau.  of  H. 
Dombleton,  esq.  of  Tliornhill  pk.  near  South- 
ampton.  At  Kensington,  Maj.  Henry  ^om- 

ford,  late  of  the  Bombay  Army,  to  lla,  only 
dau.  of  Richard  Westbrook,  esq.  formerly  of 
Winnersh,  Berks. 

21.  At  Kennington,  Lieut.-Gen.  Dyson,  of 
Lower  Berkeley  st.  to  Augusta,  only  dau.  of 
Capt.  Chas.  C.  Craven,  late  72d  Highlanders, 

and   granddau.   of  late  Gen.   Craven. At 

Stackpole  Eledor.  Pemb.  Spencer  AVilliam 
Hustler,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  D.  Hustler, 
esq.  Rector  of  Euston,  Suffolk,  and  grandson 
of  Dr.  .Mansel,  late  Bishop  of  Bristol,  to  Anne, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  F.  G.  Leach,  Rector  of 

Stackpole  Eledor. .\t  St.  George's  Hanover 

square,  Stuart  Alexander  Donaldson,  esq.  to 
Amelia,  dau.  of  Frederick  Cowpcr,    esq.  of 

Carleton  hall,  Cumli.  and  Harley  street. At 

Limerick,  Capt.  Chas.  W.  Thompson,  K.S.F. 
7th  Dragoon  Guards,  to  Marcella-.Mildred, 
second  oau.  of  Hugh  Singleton,  esq.  of  Hazel- 
wood,  CO.  Clare. 

22.  At  Edinburgh,  the  Rev.  Henry  Herbert 
atepney,  son  of  the  late  Col.  Herbert  Stepney, 
of  Durrow  abbey,  to  Kmily.  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Sir  Archibald  Campbell,  Bart,  of  Sue- 

coth. At  Ramsbury,  the  Rev.  Edward  A/qt- 

riek.  Fellow  of  Magdalen  collere,  Oxford,  to 
Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  Alfred  Batson,  esq.  of 

Ramsbury.  Wilts. At  Cheltenham,  Charles 

J.  Champion  Crespigny,  esq.  eldest  son  of 
C.  F.  ('.  Crespigny,  es(i.  of  Cheltenham,  to 
Margaretta-Amyatt.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Hajor-Gen.  Brown,  Comm.  R.  Mil.  Asylum, 

Chelsea. At  Sibertswold,  near  Dover,  the 

Rev.  W.  M.  Willis,  M.A.  Curate  of  Horsmon- 
den,  to  Emma,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Tristram,  esci.  of  Belbroughton,  Wore. 

2S  At  Bath,  Henry  Fred.  Aug.  Goodridge, 
esq.  M.D.  to  Anna-Mary,  elder  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Charles  Taylor,  Rector  of  Biddisham. — At 
Cheltenham,  John  Maule  Sutton,  esq.  M.D. 
grandson  of  John  Sutton,  est],  of  Lee,  Kent, 
to  .Maria- Frances,  only  child  of  the  late  Wm. 

Price,  esq.  of  Greenwich  hospital. At  Tar- 

b<'rt,  the  Rev.  John  N.  WoodrooJTe,  Preb.  of 
Cahirlcy,  to  Anna,  yoaogeit  dau.  of  the  late 


Thos.  Wm.  Sandea,  esq.  of  Sallow  Glen,  co. 
Kerry,  and  niece  of  the  late  Lord  Bisbop  of 

Cashel. At  Birling,  Kent,  the  Hon.  Edwud 

Vesey  Bligh,  second  son  of  late  Earl  of  Dam- 
ley,   to   Lady   Isabel  Mary  Frances  NerUl, 

youngest  dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Aberf  avenoy. 

At  St.  George*8  Hanover  su.  Georre  Cbarlet 
Asttey,  second  son  of  Sir  Georn  Daahwood, 
of  Kirtlington  park,  Oxf.  to  the  Hon.  Harriett 
Anne  Bateman  Hanbury,  sister  of  Lord  Bate- 
man. Robert  Potts,  esq.  M.A.  of  Trinity 

college,  Cambridge,  to  Jeannetta,  daa.  of  Thoa. 

Fison,  esq.  of  Bamingham,  SutT. At  Hanp- 

stead,  Neville  Wood,  esq.  M.D.  of  Onslow  sq. 
to  Louisa,  fourth  surviving  dan.  of  Charles 
Pope,  esq.  late  Principal  Sec.  to  the  Chairman 
of  the  Board  of  Customs. At  Kirbr  Lons- 
dale, James  Bryans,  esq.  of  Belfleld,  winder 
mere,  to  Eliza,  fourth  dao.  of  the  late  Christ. 
Wilson,  esa.  of  Rigmadenpark. 

S4.  At  Birmingham.  Clarlnon  Off«r,  esq. 
of  Edgbaston.  to  Carolme,  third  dan.  of  the 
late  Richard  Phillips,  esq.  F.R.S. 

25.  At  St.  Mary's  Bryanston  sq.  the  Rer. 
James  Canoper  Wright,  Fellow  of  Kinjr's  eoll. 
Camb.  to  Frances- Wood,  dan.  of  T.  BarsniU 

esq.  of  Aston,  Warw. At  Chelsea,  Alft«d 

Harrison  Pajft,  esa.  yonn^t  son  of  lata 


Page,  esq.  of  Dnlwich,  to  Leonora,  eldest 
of  Archibald  Webb,  esq.  of  Chelsea. 

27.  At  St.  James's  PiccadiUy,  liord  Geoi|c 
Paget,  M.p.  youngest  son  of  the  Msrqnesa  of 
Anglesey,  to  Agnes,  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Atthhr 

Paget,  G.C.B. At  Felton  parte,  Northntah. 

Capt.  Cunningham,  late  4th  unug.  GoardSt  to 
Harriott,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Tlids. 
de  Trafford,  Bart. 

28.  At  Dublin  castle,  Sir  Thomas  Grmlt§, 
Bart,  of  Netherseale  hall,  Leicto  Lanra-AnM, 
eldest  dau.  of  Robert  Williams,  esq.  niees  Is 

Sir  Richard  Williams  Bulkeley.    Bart. At 

Hessle,  near  Hull,  James  Robinson  Ptatt,  ssi. 
third  son  of  Joseph  Robinson  Pease,  esiL  m 
Hcsslewood,  to  Liouisa-Francea^  yonngest  daa. 
of  late  John  Barkworth,  esq.  of  Tranhy  hoost. 

At  Macroom,  Ireland,  Samuel  Ittmg,  tsq. 

of  Bromley  hill,  Kent,  to  Bmily,  secona  daa. 
of  the  late  C.  J.  Herbert,  esq.  of  Mnckrasib 

Killaroey. At  Boyton,  Henry  Bdwin  Aw^ 

gent,  esq.  M.D.  to  Elixabeth,  eldest  dso.  of  thi 
Rev.  Edward  Ruddal,  Incumbent  of  Boytn 

and   St.  Giles-in-the-lleath. At   BusMy, 

Herts,  the  Rev.  Charies  William  BdgtiL  fesn 
of  the  Rev.  lidward  Edgell,  of  Firome,  tonr- 
garet-Iielen,  eldest  dan.  of  James  Ramsey, 
es(^. — At  Overton,  Wilts,  Richard  Bdmonoi 
l*rtce,  esq.  of  Alarlborough,  elder  son  of  OuL 
D.  M.  mce,  h.  p.  aeth  Regt.  to  Hannah,  ridili 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Tanner,  esq.  or  Btaek- 
lands  house,  Wilts ;  also,  Henry  J. 
esq.  son  of  Dr.  Cusack,  of  Dublin,  to 
fourth  dau.  of  the  above  W.  Tanner,  esq.i 
at  the  same  time,  T.  B.  Cusack,  esq,  cw  * 

dutr,  son  of  Dr.  Cusack,  to  Mary-Kllen, 

dau.  of  the  late  W.  Tanner,  esq.  of  Lockerhkt, 

and  cousin  to  the  fbrmer  bridea. At  Rmik 

near  Edinburgh,  George  William  JTsM^t, 
M.D.  of  Cramond,  to  Margaret- Bethnbe,  dM. 

of  James  Craig,  esq.  F.R.C.S.E. At  CU* 

Chester,  George  uilUer,  esq.  F.S.A.  to  Mai^ 
Anne,  second  dau.  of  Mr.  Drammond  Gray,  if 

Chichester. At  Cheltenham,  GrlsmondlW* 

lips,  esq.  of  Cwmgwilley.  Carmarth.  to  llatr- 
Aniie,  second  dao.  of  the  late  M%)or  Bo" 
At  St.  James's  Westbonme  terrace. 
Pratt,  esci.  M.D.  of  Stamfbrd,  Unc 
son  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Pratt,  Rector  of  ] 

to  Catherine-Elixabetb,  only  child  of  

Greene,  esq.  of  Gloacester  terrace.  Hyde  poft^ 

At   St.  Marylebone,   Richard  iTinfSai 

Evelyn,  esq.  youngest  son  of  late  W m.  Bvaha. 
esq.  R.N.  to  Cnarlotte,  yonngcst  slstv  m 
Francis  Evelyn,  esq.  of  Kynsham  and 


523 


OBITUARY. 


The  Duke  of  Portland. 

March  27.  At  Welbeck,  Notts,  in  his 
8Gth  year,  the  Most  Noble  William  Henry 
Cavendish  Scott- Bentinck,  fourth  Duke 
of  Portland  and  Marquess  of  Titchfield 
(1716),  fifth  Earl  of  Portland,  Viscount 
Woodstock  and  Baron  of  Cirencester 
(1689),  a  Privy  Councillor,  a  Family 
Trustee  of  the  British  Museum,  a  Com- 
missioner of  the  Metropolitan  Roads,  and 
D.C.L. 

His  Grace  was  born  in  London  on  the 
24th  June,  1768.  He  was  the  eldest  son 
of  William. Henry-Cavendish  the  tjjird 
Duke  and  K.G.,  for  many  years  a  Cabinet 
Minister,  and  who  died,  when  a  second 
time  Premier,  on  the  30th  Oct.  1809. 
His  mother  was  Lady  Dorothy  Cavendish, 
only  daughter  of  William  fourth  Duke  of 
Devonshire,  K.G.  He  was  educated  at 
\\estminster  School,  and  at  Christchurch, 
Oxford,  where  the  honorary  degree  of 
D.C.L.  was  conferred  upon  him  in  1793. 
In  Dec.  1790  he  was  returned  to  the 
House  of  Commons  for  Petersfield ;  but 
in  April  1791,  having  accepted  the 
stewardship  of  the  Chiltern  hundreds, 
he  was  elected  for  Buckinghamshire,  the 
representation  of  which  had  then  become 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Ralph  Earl  Verney, 
The  Marquess  of  Titchfield  sat  for  the 
county  of  Buckingham  in  five  parliaments 
— at  first  together  with  the  Right  Hon. 
James  Grenville  (subsequently  Lord  Glas- 
tonbury), and  afterwards  with  the  late 
Duke  of  Buckingham — until  his  accession 
to  the  peerage ;  and  was  so  fortunate  as 
to  avoid  any  contested  election. 

In  1795  he  was  appointed  Lord-Lieu- 
tenant of  the  county  of  Middlesex,  which 
post  he  continued  to  occupy  until  1842, 
when  he  resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by 
the  Marquess  of  Salisbury. 

On  the  4th  Aug.  1795,  he  married  (by 
special  licence,  at  Mrs.  Scott's  in  Picca- 
dilly) Henrietta,  the  eldest  of  the  three 
daughters  and  co-heirs  of  Major-General 
John  Scott,  of  Balcomie,  co.  Fife,  of 
whom  the  second,  Lucy,  was  married  to 
Francis  ninth  Earl  of  Moray,  and  Joan, 
the  youngest,  was  the  wife  of  the  Right 
Hun.  George  Canning,  and  after  his  death 
was  created  Viscountess  Canning.  Upon 
this  marriage  the  Marquess  of  Titchfield 
assumed  the  name  of  Scott  before  Ben- 
tinck, and  quartered  the  arms  of  Scott  of  , 
Balcomie  quarterly  with  his  former  prin- 
cipal quarters  of  Bentinck  and  Cavendish. 

On  the  31st  March,  1807,  the  Marquess 
of  Titchfield  was  appointed  a  junior  Lord 


of  the  Treasury,  his  father  then  taking 
office  as  First  Lord ;  but  on  the  16th 
Sept.  following  he  retired,  and  the  Right 
Hon.  John  Foster  and  the  Hon.  Richard 
Ryder  succeeded  him,  the  number  of 
Lords  Commissioners  being  then  in- 
creased from  five  to  six. 

On  the  30th  Oct  1809,  he  succeeded 
to  the  peerage  by  the  death  of  his  father. 

When  Mr.  Canning,  bis  brother-in- 
law,  became  Prime  Minister,  the  Duke  of 
Portland  was,  in  April  1827,  appointed 
Lord  Privy  Seal,  on  which  occasion  he 
was  sworn  a  Privy  Councillor ;  and  after 
Mr.  Canning's  premature  death,  in  the 
following  August,  the  Duke  of  Portland 
became  Lord  President  of  the  Council. 
This  post  he  retained  only  during  that 
temporary  arrangement  called  the  Gode- 
rich  administration,  which  lasted  until  the 
following  January.  Altogether,  his  tenure 
of  office  was  bric^,  and  the  consequence  of 
his  family  connections  rather  than  any 
personal  ambition. 

When  he  first  entered  the  House  of 
Commons  as  a  young  man,  he  gave  his 
adhesion  to  the  Pitt  party,  with  whom  he 
contuiued  to  act,  and  did  not  withdraw 
from  them  under  Lord  Liverpool.  His 
connexion  with  Mr.  Canning,  however, 
had  some  tendency  to  liberalise  his  senti- 
ments, and  he  was  understood  to  lean 
towards  that  party  in  the  cabinet  of  which 
his  eminent  relative  was  the  leader  and 
the  head.  When  he  became  associated 
with  the  more  conservative  Whigs  who 
formed  part  of  Mr.  Canning's  Cabinet,  he 
gradually  ceased  to  be  a  strong  Tory,  aod 
at  length  might  fairly  be  reckoned  among 
tiie  adherents  of  the  opposite  section. 
Latterly  he  had  taken  no  very  active 
share  in  the  business  of  legislation  or  the 
ordinary  affairs  of  public  life  ;  he  resided 
principally  in  the  country,  going  through 
the  duties  and  enjoying  the  pleasures  of  a 
country  gentleman  on  the  great  scale 
which  a  man  of  his  enormous  wealth  and 
high  station  naturally  commanded,  and 
earning  that  esteem  and  affection  among 
his  friends  and  neighbours  which  have 
attended  him  throughout  a  long  life. 

It  is  at  least  a  testimony  to  his  forbear- 
ance in  the  exertion  sii  iiis  political  influ- 
ence when  we  find  that,  after  having  been  a 
Duke  for  forty-five  years,  he  has  died 
without  the  Garter,  which  was  worn  by 
his  father  and  grandfather,  as  well  as  by 
the  founder  of  his  family  in  England,  the 
first  Bentinck  Earl  of  Portland. 

The  Duchess  of  Portland  died  on  the 


524  Obituary, —  Vijtcoitnt  Doneraife.-^Lord  Mo9fyn,      C^*y> 


?8th  April,  1844,  having  had  issue  four 
SODS  and  live  daughters;  1.  William 
Henry  Cavendish,  Marquess  of  TitchAeld, 
who  died  in  1 8^4,  in  his  38th  year,  un- 
married ;  2.  Lady  Henrietta,  unmarried  ; 
3.  Lady  Caroline,  who  died  in  1838,  in 
her  29th  year;  4.  William -John,  now 
Duke  of  Portland ;  5.  Lord  William 
George  Frederick  Cavendish  Bentiock, 
who  died  Sept.  21,  1848,  M.P.  for  King's 
Lynn,  and  the  leader  of  the  Protectionist 
party  ;  6.  Lord  Henry  William  Bentinck, 
M.P.  for  the  Northern  division  of  Not- 
tinghamshire, and  a  Family  Trustee  of  the 
British  Museum,  born  in  1804;  7.  Lady 
Charlotte,  married  in  1827  to  John 
Evelyn  Dcnison,  esq.  of  Ossington, 
formerly  M.P.  for  South  Nottingham- 
shire, and  now  for  Malton  ;  8.  the  Right 
Hon.  Lucy  Lady  Howard  de  Walden, 
married  in  1828  to  Lord  Howard  de 
Walden,  and  has  a  numerous  family  ;  and 
9.  Lady  Mary,  who  is  unmarried. 

The  present  Duke  was  born  in  1800, 
and  is  unmarried. 

The  funeral  of  the  late  Duke  of  Port- 
land took  place  at  Bolsover,  in  Derby- 
shire, on  Tuesday  the  4th  of  April.  In 
accordance  with  the  express  directions  of 
the  deceased,  who  is  said  to  have  limited 
the  outlay  to  100/.,  it  was  conducted  as 
privately  as  possible.  No  private  car- 
riages were  permitted  to  form  part  of  the 
cortege^  which  consisted  simply  of  a  hearse 
and  three  ordinary  mourning  coaches,  the 
first  two  containing  Lord  Henry  Bentinck, 
M.P.  (the  present  Duke  being  prevented 
by  illness  from  attending),  Mr.  Evelyn 
Denison,  M.P.,  Lady  Charlotte  Denison, 
Lady  Howard  de  Walden,  and  two  sons  of 
Lord  Howard  de  Walden,  who  is  absent  as 
Ambassador  in  Bel);ium.  The  last  car- 
riage was  occupied  by  Mr.  Ward  the  late 
Duke's  surgeon,  Mr.  Neal,  steward,  and 
Mr.  Kelk,  house  steward.  The  funeral 
service  was  performed  by  the  Vicar  of 
Bolsover,  the  Rev.  John  Hamilton  Gray. 
The  Duke  had  expressed  a  wish  that  his 
remains  should  be  interred  in  the  open 
churchyard ;  but  this  desire  was  so  far 
deviated  from  that  a  vault  under  the 
Cavendish  chantry,  at  the  south  side  of 
the  chancel,  which  had  not  been  opened 
for  138  years,  was  selected  to  receive  the 
body.  The  late  Duchess  and  the  late 
Lord  George  Bentinck  were  interred  at 
the  church  of  St.  Marylebone. 

Vtscgunt  Doneraile. 
March  27.  At  Doneraile,  co.  Cork,  in 
his  68th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Hayes  St. 
Legcr,  third  Viscount  Doneraile  (1785) 
and  Baron  Doneraile  (1776),  a  Represen- 
tative Peer  for  Ireland,  and  Colonel  of  the 
South  Cork  Light  Infantry. 


He  was  bom  at  Doneraile  Hoose,  co. 
Cork,  on  the  9th  May  1786,  and  was  tiie 
elder  and  only  surviving  son  of  Hayea 
second  Viscount  Doneraile,  by  Char1otte« 
fourth  daughter  of  James  Bernard,  esq. 
of  Castle  Bernard,  and  Bister  to  the  first 
Earl  of  Bandon.  He  succeeded  his  father 
in  the  peerage  on  the  8th  Nov.  1819 ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  Peer  of  Ire- 
land in  1830. 

His  Lordship  was  an  honest  and  con- 
sistent supporter  of  Conservative  politics ; 
and,  as  a  resident  landlord  in  Ireland,  he 
was  all  that  could  be  desired  by  his  nn- 
merous  and  grateful  tenantry. 

He  married  June  14,  1816,  his  couin 
Lady  Charlotte  Esther  Bernard,  second 
daughter  of  Francis  first  Earl  of  Bandon; 
and  by  that  lady,  who  died  Feb.  7,  1840, 
he  had  issue  an  only  child,  Hayes  now 
Viscount  Doneraile,  who  married  in  1851 
Mary- Anne-Grace- Louisa,  only  danghlar 
of  George  Lenox  Cuningham,  esq.  Chief 
Clerk  in  the  Foreign  Office,  by  whom  he 
has  issue  one  daughter. 


Lord  Mosttn. 

April  3.  At  Pengwem,  Flintshire,  in 
his  86th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Edward 
Price  Lloyd,  Baron  Mostyn,  of  Mostyn, 
CO.  Flint,  and  a  Baronet. 

He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Bell  Lloyd, 
esq.  by  Anne,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
ICdward  Pryce,e8q.  of  Bodfach,  co.  Mont- 
gomery. On  the  26th  May,  1795,  he 
succeeded  to  the  dignity  of  a  Baronet,  on 
the  death  of  his  great-uncle  Sir  EUlwaid 
Lloyd,  on  whom  it  had  been  conferred  in 
1778,  with  remainder  (in  default  of  iasne 
male)  to  his  nephew,  Bell  Lloyd,  esq. 
his  i^sue  male. 

Sir  Kdward  Pryce  Lloyd  sat  in 
liament  for  many  years  as  Member  Ibr 
the  Flint  district  of  boroughs,  snpportinf 
the  Whig  party.  He  was  first  retniVM 
at  the  general  election  of  1806,  after  ■ 
contest  with  Colonel  William  Shipley.  In 
the  following  year  Colonel  Shipley  WM 
elected  by  the  majority  of  one  vote  tmkjf 
there  having  been  three  candidates,  who 
divided  the  electors  with  remarkablt 
equality : — 


129 
128 
120 


Col.  William  Shipley 

Sir  S.  R.  Glynne,  Bart.  . 

Sir  £dw.  Pryce  Lloyd,  Bart.  , 

In  181?  Sir  Edward  recovered  his  

without  a  contest ;  and  he  was  nnoppoaed 
at  the  five  following  elections,  continai^ 
in  the  House  of  Commons  until  raised  to 
the  peerage  as  Lord  Mostyn  fn  Oct.  1831. 
On  the  17th  April  in  that  year,  by  ths 
death  of  his  brother-in-law  Sir  Tho^M 
Mostyn,  of  Mostyn,  the  sixth  ud  ImI 
Baronet,  the  estates  of  Uiat  family  bad 


1854.]         Baron  de  Rehausen. — Sir  James  Wyliey  Bart, 


525 


become  the  inheritance  of  his  wife,  and  his 
eldest  son  (the  present  Lord)  had  taken 
the  name  of  M ostyn  after  his  own. 

Lady  Mostyn,  who  was  Elizabeth,  third 
daughter  of  Sir  Roger  Mostyo,  the  fifth 
Baronet,  was  married  on  thellthFeb. 
1794,  and  died  on  the  25th  Nov.  1842, 
having  had  issue  two  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters :  I.  Edward- M ostyn,  now  Lord  Mos- 
tyu  ;  2.  the  Hon.  Elizabeth  ;  3.  the  Hon. 
Essex ;  and  4.  the  Hon.  Thomas-Price, 
all  unmarried. 

The  present  Lord  was  born  in  1795,  and 
married  in  1827  Lady  Margaret  Scott, 
eldest  sister  of  the  Earl  of  Cionmell,  by 
whom  he  has  a  numerous  family.  He  is 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Merionethshire,  Co- 
lonel of  the  Royal  Merionethshire  Light 
Infantry,  and  has  been  Member  for  Flint- 
shire in  the  present  Parliament. 

Baron  de  Rehausen. 

March  2.  At  the  house  of  the  Swedish 
Legation,  Halkin-street  West,  aged  51, 
his  Excellency  the  Chevalier  John  G. 
Baron  de  Rehausen. 

Baron  de  Rehausen  was  born  in  1802. 
In  early  boyhood  he  was  resident  in 
England,  his  father  being  then  Swedish 
minister  in  this  country.  The  son  was 
successively  attached  to  the  Legations  at 
St.  Peteriiburg,  the  Hague,  and  Paris. 
From  the  last  he  was  removed  to  London, 
where  he  first  became  Consul  and  then  Se- 
cretary of  Legation  under  Count  Bjorn- 
stjerna,  who  was  for  a  long  period  the 
Swedish  minister  here.  During  the  oc- 
casional absences  of  Count  Bjornstjema 
he  was  accredited  as  Charge  d' Affaires  ; 
and  in  1846',  on  the  final  return  of  that 
minister,  was  appointed  his  successor. 
Since  that  period,  the  Baron  de  Rehausen 
had  discharged  the  diplomatic  functions 
of  his  office  with  great  satisfaction  both  to 
his  own  sovereign  and  to  the  government 
of  this  country. 

His  Excellency  died  after  an  illness  of 
about  six  weeks,  which  commenced  with 
small  pox. 


Sir  James  Wylie,  Bart. 

Lately.  At  St.  Petersburg,  aged  86, 
Sir  James  Wylic,  M.D.,  Knt.  and  Bart. 
and  a  Knight  of  many  foreign  orders. 

Sir  Jnmes  was  by  birth  a  Scotchman, 
lie  entered  the  Russian  service  in  1790  as 
Senior  Surgeon  in  the  Eletsky  regiment. 
In  1798  he  was  appointed  Physician  to  the 
Imperial  Court,  and  in  that  capacity  he 
attended  Paul  1.  in  his  travels  to  Moscow 
and  Ka?an.  In  1799  he  was  appointed 
Surgeon  in  Ordinary  to  the  Emperor,  and 
Physician  to  the  heir  apparent,  the  Grand 
Duke  Alexander.  In  1804  he  formed  the 
status  medicu9  of  the  Medical  Academy  of 


St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow,  of  which  he 
was  President  for  thirty  years.  In  1806 
he  was  made  General  Inspector  of  the 
Board  of  Health  of  the  Army;  in  1812 
Director  of  the  Medical  Department  of 
the  Ministry  of  War;  and  in  1814  at- 
tendant Physician  in  ordinary  to  the  Em- 
peror Alexander;  and  he  was  at  the 
period  of  his  decease  Inspector-General  of 
the  Board  of  Health  of  the  Russian  Army, 
Director  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
Imperial  Court,  and  actual  Privy  Coun- 
cillor, Knight  of  the  Orders  of  St.  Wladi- 
mir,  St.  Alexander  Newsky,  St.  Anne,  the 
Red  Eagle  of  Prussia,  Leopold  of  Austria, 
of  the  Legion  of  Honour,  and  of  the 
Crown  of  Wurtemburg.  He  received  from 
the  Prince  Regent  (George  IV.)  the  ho- 
nour of  knighthood  at  Ascot  Heath  races 
in  1814,  conferred  by  the  sword  of  the 
Hetman  Count  Platoff ;  and  was  created  a 
Baronet,  on  the  second  July  in  the  same 
year,  at  the  request  of  the  Emperor  Alex- 
ander, on  his  departure  from  England. 

Sir  James,  having  no  issue,  is  reported 
to  have  bequeathed  the  whole  of  his  very 
large  fortune  to  the  Czar  Nicholas. 

Mr.  Justice  Talfourd. 

March  13.  At  Stefford,  aged  58,  Sir 
Thomas  Noon  Talfourd,  Knt.  one  of  the 
Judges  of  her  Majesty ^s  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  and  D.C.L. 

He  was  born  at  Reading  on  the  26th 
May,  1795.  His  father  was  a  brewer,  and 
his  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Tho- 
mas Noon,  minister  of  an  Independent 
congregation  in  that  town.  He  was  edu- 
cated partly  at  the  Dissenters*  grammar- 
school  at  Mill  Hill,  and  afterwards  at  the 
grammar-school,  Reading,  under  Dr. 
Valpy,  for  whom  he  invariably  expressed 
an  almost  filial  reverence.  In  1813  he 
became  the  pupil  of  the  celebrated  special 
pleader,  the  late  Mr.  Chitty,  with  whom 
he  remained  four  years,  and  in  whose  office 
be  first  met  with  his  friend  of  after  years, 
the  tragedian  Macready.  In  1817  he 
began  to  practice  special- pleading  on  his 
own  account.  During  those  early  years 
of  his  residence  in  London  he  depended  in 
great  measure  for  support  upon  his  literary 
exertions,  both  as  law  reporter  to  the 
Times  newspaper,  and  as  a  contributor  to  the 
New  Monthly  Magazine,  and  other  periodi- 
cals. He  was  associated  with  Charles 
Lamb,  Carey,  Hazlitt,  and  Leigh  Hunt 
in  filling  the  columns  of  the  London  Ma- 
gazine during  the  most  popular  period  of 
its  career.  He  also  wrote  occasionally 
for  the  Edinburgh  Review. 

He  was  called  to  the  bar  by  the  Middle 
Temple  on  the  9th  Feb.  1821.  He  joined 
the  Oxford  circuit  and  Berkshire  sessions ; 
and  his  local  connections,  coupled  with 


526 


Obituary. — Mr.  Justice  Talfburd. 


[May, 


the  highly  favourable  impressioa  left  of 
his  talents  amongst  his  townspeople  and 
schoolfellows »  soon  gained  him  opportu- 
nities  of  earning  distinction.  He  was  al- 
ways a  ready,  flaent,  and  eloquent  speaker ; 
and  what  he  wanted  in  severe  taste,  he 
more  than  compensated  by  feeling,  fancy, 
and  earnestness.  In  less  than  the  usual 
period  of  probation  he  made  his  way  to 
the  head  of  his  circuit,  and  held  it  against 
all  competitors,  though  some  amongst 
them  (Mr.  Justice  Maule,  for  instance,) 
were  of  a  very  formidable  calibre  of  intel- 
lect. In  1833  he  applied  for  a  silk  gown, 
but  finding  his  application  not  immediately 
successful,  he  took  the  coif,  and  became  a 
Serjeant.  He  was  for  some  years  Queen's 
Ancient  Serjeant,  and  Recorder  of  Ban- 
bury. 

At  the  general  election  in  Jan.  1835  he 
was  returned  to  Parliament  for  Reading, 
Mr.  Fyshe  Palmer,  the  former  Liberal 
member,  having  retired.  His  competitor 
of  kindred  politics  was  the  present  mem- 
ber for  Pontefract ;  and  the  result  of  the 
poll  was  as  follows : — 

Mr.  Serjeant  Talfourd  .  643 
Charles  Russell,  esq.  .  .441 
Benjamin  Oliviera,  esq.     .     384 

At  the  election  in  1837  Mr.  Fyshe  Pal- 
mer again  came  forward,  and  two  Liberal 
members  were  returned,  to  the  exclusion 
of  Mr.  Russell,  the  poll  concluding  thus : 

Mr.  Serjeant  Talfourd  .  468 
Charles  Fyshe  Palmer,  esq.  457 
Charles  Russell,  esq.    .     .     448 

At  the  next  election,  however,  the  Con- 
servatives again  rallied,  and  were  success- 
ful in  returning  two  members,  Mr.  Russell 
and  Lord  Chelsea,  Mr.  Talfourd  prudently 
holding  aloof.  But  in  1847  the  balance 
was  again  turned,  and  Mr.  Talfourd  was 
restored  to  his  seat,  after  the  following 
poll : — 

Francis  Pigott,  esq.      .  .  G14 

Mr.  Serjeant  Talfourd  .  5.96 

Charles  Russell,  esq.    .  .  521 

Viscount  Chelsea     .    .  .  376 

In  his  legislative  capacity,  Mr.  Serjeant 
Talfourd  introduced  two  useful  measures, 
founded  upon  just  principles,  namely,  the 
Custody  of  Infants  Act,  and  the  Copy- 
right Act  of  1841;  and  he  made  some 
successful  speeches,  although  his  style  was 
too  florid  for  the  House  of  Commons. 

He  was  made  a  Judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas  and  knighted  in  1848,  and  he  is  se- 
nerally  admitted  to  have  discharged  hia 
judicial  duties  with  discretion,  adequate 
learning,  ability,  and  conscientiousness. 

But  the  space  which  the  late  Mr.  Jus- 
tice Talfourd  has  filled  in  the  public  mind, 
and  his  claima  to  be  remembered  by  pos- 


terity, are  almoit  exclusively  owing  to  hit 
dramatic  productions,  of  which  Ion  i»  pra- 
eminently  the  first.  The  last  two  ecte  pf 
this  drama  are  full  of  ezquiaitB  poetiy, 
and  manifest  a  very  high  ordnr  of  imagiiiA- 
tion ;  as  an  acting  pUy,  though  at  fini 
very  successful,  it  has  not  kept  its  jfiaa^ 
on  the  stage,  and,  on  the  whole,  it  may  he 
considered  better  fitted  for  the  cloaet  than 
the  stage.  The  same  remark  muat  be  ep- 
plied  to  The  Athenian  Captive  ai&d  G1mi« 
coe.  He  was  also  the  author  of  Vacation 
Rambles,  and  a  Life  of  Charlei  Lamb; 
and  edited  the  Literary  Remaine  of  Wil- 
liam Hazlitt.  In  fact,  bis  warmest  eym- 
pathies  at  every  period  of  life  were  with 
literature,  art,  and  the  drama;  and  it  it 
much  to  be  feared  that  the  fortane  he  baa 
bequeathed  to  his  widow  and  numennu 
family  has  been  materially  leuened  by  hit 
liberality  to  struggling  merit  and  genint 
in  difficulties,  or  to  what  he,  wiUi  hit 
warm  heart  and  trusting  spirit,  waa 
fied  to  encourage  and  relieve  under 
denominations. 

Mr.  Justice  Talfourd  was  on  the  Ox- 
ford Circuit  at  the  time  of  his  death.  In 
association  with  Mr.  Justice  WightmaBp 
he  opened  the  commission  at  Oxford  on 
the  0th  of  March,  and  that  at  Stafford  OA 
the  11th.  On  the  following  day  (Sunday) 
he  was  present  at  church,  end  on  ths 
Monday  morning  he  took  an  early  walk. 
At  the  usual  hour  he  entered  the  conrt,  ^^ 
commenced  his  address  to  the  grand  juf  • 
He  proceeded  with  his  usual  energy,  but  ni 
times  with  evident  hesitation  and  dificalty* 
In  alluding  to  the  state  of  the  calendart 
which  contained  a  list  of  upwards  of  IM 
prisoners,  many  of  them  charged  with  t^ 
most  atrocious  offences  short  of  "»"*iitr 
he  called  the  attention  of  the  grand  juf 
to  the  fact  that  there  were  no  fewer  than 
17  cases  of  manslaughter,  and  30  caati 
where  persons  were  charged  with  the  etimm 
of  highway  robbery.  These  crimes,  Ut 
lordship  observed,  might  be  traced  hi  a 
vast  number  of  cases  to  the  vice  of  intt^ 
perance,  which  was  so  prevalent  in  t^ 
mining  districts ;  and,  while  commentiag 
upon  this  state  of  things,  hia  lordalS 
feelingly  deplored  the  want  of  tympiid^ 
which  existed  between  the  hi^knr  Mi 
lower  classes,  and  urged  the  duty  of  tfat 
superior  ranks  of  society  to  take  a  i 
lively  interest  in  the  weUare  of  thoae 
were  beneath  them.     While  com 

upon  these  topics,  his  Lordship 

considerably  excited  and  flnahed  io  tht 
face,  and  accurate  observers  noticed  Ihtl 
his  voice  became  somewhat  thick  and  ^ 

articulate.    On  a  sudden  he  fell  

with  his  face  upon  his  book,  and 
swayed  on  one  side  towards  Mr,  fi^ 
bis  senior  derk,  and  bit  second  m^m  Mb 


1854.]  OmTVAR-i.— Mr.  Justice  Talfourd. —  Vlce-Adm.  Elliot.    527 


Thomas  Talfourd,  his  lordship's  marshal, 
who  caught  him  in  their  arms.  Dr.  Hol- 
land and  Dr.  Knight,  two  magistrates  who 
were  on  the  hench  at  the  time,  immedi- 
ately rushed  to  his  Lordship's  assistance, 
removed  his  neckcloth,  &c.  and  called  for 
water,  hut  it  was  of  no  avail.  His  breath- 
ing was  stertorous  and  his  face  livid,  and 
but  a  feeble  action  of  the  pulse  could  be 
felt.  Mr.  Justice  Wightman  was  hur- 
riedly summoned  from  the  Civil  Court, 
and  hastened  to  the  spot,  but  only  arrived 
in  time  to  see  his  brother  judge  borne  on 
the  shoulders  of  six  gentlemen  from  the 
court,  and  on  arriving  at  the  Judges* 
lodgings,  adjoining  the  court,  it  was  found 
that  life  was  quite  extinct.  Mr.  Francis 
Talfourd,  his  Lordship^s  eldest  son,  who 
had  just  joined  the  Oxford  Circuit,  was 
precluded  by  etiquette  from  being  in  the 
Crown  Court  during  the  charge  to  Ihe 
grand  jury.  He  was  Immediately  sum- 
moned, but  did  not  arrive  before  his  father 
had  ceased  to  breathe. 

Tiie  members  of  the  bar  could  not  fail 
to  call  to  mind  that  his  lordship's  deva- 
tion  to  the  bench  was  communicated  to 
Stafford  in  an  equally  sudden  manner 
during  the  assizes  which  took  place  at  that 
town  about  four  years  since. 

In  his  charge  to  the  grand  jury  at  the 
Derby  Assizes,  Mr.  JusSce  Coleridge  elo- 
quently alluded  to  •'  the  awfully  sudden 
death  of  my  brother  Talfourd.  He  was 
sitting,  as  I  do  now,  discharging  the  Same 
duty  in  which  I  am  engaged,  and  in  the 
act  of  addressing  the  grand  jury,  when  in 
an  instant  that  eloquent  tongue  was  ar- 
rested by  the  hand  of  death,  and  that  ge- 
nerous, unselfish  heart  was  cold.  Surely 
nothing  can  exemplify  more  strikingly  the 
uncertainty  of  life.  There  he  was  sitting, 
as  1  am  now,  administering  justice — people 
were  trembling  at  the  thought  of  having  to 
come  before  him,  but  in  a  minute  his 
function  was  over,  and  he  was  gone  to  his 
own  account.  Gentlemen,  as  he  was  the 
leader  of  another  circuit,  and  1  believe  had 
never  visited  this  as  a  judge,  he  was  pro- 
bably not  much  known  to  you  either  at 
the  bar  or  on  the  bench.  His  literary  per- 
formances you  can  scarcely  be  ignorant  of; 
but,  indeed,  he  was  much  more  than 
merely  a  distinguished  leader,  ap  eminent 
judge,  or  a  great  ornament  of  our  literature. 
He  had  one  ruling  purpose  of  his  life, — 
the  doing  good  to  his  fellow-creatures  in 
hisgeneration.  He  was  eminently  courteous 
and  kind,  generous,  simple-hearted,  of 
great  modesty,  of  the  strictest  honour, 
and  of  spotless  integrity." 

He  was  created  a  Doctor  of  Civil  Law 
by  the  University  of  Oxford,  on  the  20th 
June  1844. 

Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd  married,  in  1822, 


the  daughter  of  John  Towell  Rutt,  esq.  of 
Clapton,  Middlesex,  by  whom  he  has  left 
issue  three  sons  and  two  daughters. 

One  of  his  sons,  who  was  named  Lamb 
after  his  old  friend,  died  in  infoncy. 

His  funeral  took  place  at  the  Cemetery, 
Norwood,  on  the  20th  of  March.  In  the 
first  cai'riage  following  the  hearse  were 
the  three  sons  of  the  deceased,  Francis 
Talfourd,  esq.,  Wm.  Talfourd,  esq.,  Thos. 
Noon  Talfourd,  esq.,  and  P.  Talfourd, 
esq.,  his  brother.  The  second  carriage 
contained  Paterson  Rntt,  esq.,  Northcote 
Rutt,  esq.,  John  Salter,  esq.,  and  Wm. 
Salter,  esq.,  his  brothers-in-law.  In  the 
remaining  cai'riages  were  sevend  private 
friends  of  the  deceased,  the  Rev.  George 
Hamilton,  who  officiated  at  the  interment, 
and  MesSts.  Sansom,  his  first  atid  second 
clerks.  The  only  private  carriages  that 
followed  were  ihose  of  the  deceased,  Mr. 
Jtistice  Wightman,  Mr.  Baron  Piatt,  Chas. 
Kean,  esq.  and  Mr.  Bickersteth,  R.A. 

VtcB-AbMiRAL  Elliot. 

Ldtely,  Aged  86,  Vice- Admiral  Robert 
Elliot,  on  the  reserved  half.t)ay  list 

The  deceased  was  brother  of  Majof- 
General  Henry  Elliot,  and  was  borti  in 
Roxburghshire  in  Oct.  1767.  He  entered 
the  service  in  July,  1781,  on  board  the 
Dunkirk,  dag-ship  at  Plymouth,  and  served 
as  midshipmati  on  the  North  American 
and  Home  stations  in  the  Diomede  44, 
Thisbe,  Edgar  74,  Hector  74,  Robust  74, 
and  Bellerophon  74.  Having  passed  his 
examination  in  1788,  he  was  promoted, 
July  13,  1793,  to  a  lieutenancy  in  the 
Savage  sloop,  and  two  years  later  became 
first  of  the  Greyhound  32.  Having  as- 
sumed the  command,  Dec.  26,  1796,  of 
the  Plymouth  hired  armed  lugger,  Mr. 
Elliot,  in  March,  1797>  took  (and  was 
officially  reported  for  his  great  activity  and 
successful  exertions  on  the  occasion)  the 
privateers  Epervier  of  7  guns,  and  L'Amitli 
of  14  guns.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Commander  in  the  dood  Design,  ano- 
ther hired  armed  lusger,  Feb.  14,  180i, 
and  for  his  services  In  that  vessel  he  ob- 
tained the  Egyptian  gold  medal.  Having 
been  appointed,  April  11,  1804,  to  the 
Lucifer  bomb,  he  proceeded  to  the  Medi- 
terranean, ahd,  after  entering  the  Darda- 
nelles, was  particularly  active  off  the  island 
of  Prota,  where  he  assisted,  Feb.  27, 1807, 
in  covering  the  landing  of  the  boats  pre- 
viously to  an  attack  on  the  enemy,  whose 
retreat  he  was  subsequently,  with  the 
latmches  of  the  squadron  under  his  orders, 
efeployed  to  intercept.  He  afterwards 
hoisted  the  flag  df  sir  Alexander  Ball, 
whom  he  assisted  in  carrying  on  tU(i  port 
ddties  at  Taletta,  until  |>6sted,  June  27y 
1808,  iiito  tbe  Porcapine  24.    Dariti|(  the 


528         Rear'Adm,  Falcon*-^Lieut.'Gen.  Jamu  Ha$f^  C*B»     [May* 

Attaining  post  rank,  Oct.  S9,  1813,  ha 
soon  afterwards  joined  the  Tjeander  50, 
and  on  March  14, 1814,  obtained  command 
of  the  Cyane  of  32  guns  and  171  mea. 
After  a  furious  action  off  Madeira,  in  which, 
besides  being  much  cut  to  pieces,  she  sus- 
tained a  loss  of  6  men  killed  and  13 
wounded,  that  vessel,  together  with  her 
consort  the  Levant,  of  SO  guns  and  131 
men,  was  unfortunately  captured  by  the 
American  ship  Constitution,  of  54  guns 
and  469  men,  Feb.  30,  1815.  Captain 
Falcon  consequently  became  a  prisoner  of 
war,  but,  peace  soon  restoring  him  to 
liberty,  he  returned  home,  and  was  after- 
wards appointed,  June  24,  1817f  to  the 
Tyne  26,  in  which  vessel,  in  Oct.  1820,  he 
brought  from  South  America  to  England 
specie  to  the  amount  of  nearly  700,000l. ; 
March  1,  1823,  to  the  Isis  50,  lying  at 
Chatham ;  June  23, 1823,  to  the  Spartiate 
76,  and  Aug.  21, 1825,  Wellesley  74,  flag- 
ships of  Sir  George  Eyre,  on  the  South 
American  station  ;  and  May  1,  1833,  to 
the  San  Josef  110,  and  Sept.  5,  1835,  to 
the  Royal  Adelaide  104,  bearing  each  the 
flag  of  Sir  Wm.  Hargood,  commander-ia- 
chief  at  Plymouth,  where  he  continncd 
until  paid  off^,  April  30,  1836.  On  Feb. 
17,  1845,  he  was  employed  as  Captain  of 
the  Royal  Sovereign  yacht,  and  Saperia- 
tendent  of  the  Dockyard  at  Pembroke ;  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Rear-Admual 
in  Aug.  1848. 

Admiral  Falcon  married,  Oct.  7,  1834, 
Louisa,  widow  of  Captain  Curaham,  ■■>J 
daughter  of  the  late  Richard  Morrick,  esq. 
of  Runcton,  co.  Sosseiy^by  whom  he  had 
issue. 


ensuing  five  years  Captain  Elliot  was  very 
actively  employed.  His  last  appointment 
was,  Oct.  20, 1813,  to  the  Surveillante  38, 
in  which  frigate  he  served  off  the  north 
coast  of  Spain.  He  went  on  half- pay  in 
March,  1814 ;  obtained  the  Captain's  good- 
service  pension  Feb.  19,  1842 ;  and  was 
admitted  to  the  out-pension  of  Greenwich 
Hospital  July  15,  1844.  His  assumption 
of  flag-rank  took  place  Nov.  9,  1846,  and 
the  good-service  pension  was  again  awarded 
to  him  in  1 85 1  .^  Rear-Admiral  Elliot  had 
for  the  last  twelve  or  fifteen  years  been 
perfectly  blind — a  misfortune  partly  attri- 
butable to  his  service  in  Egypt. 

He  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Andrew 
Hilley,  esq.  of  Plymouth,  by  whom  he 
had,  with  two  daughters,  one  son,  the  pre- 
sent Commander  Robert  Hilley  Elliot,  R.N. 

Rear-Admiral  Falcon. 

Jan.  11.  In  Westboume-terrace,  Lon- 
don, Gordon  Thomas  Falcon,  esq.  Rear- 
Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

Rear-Admiral  Falcon  had  served  on  full 
pay  for  32  years.  He  entered  the  navy  in 
1794,  as  A.B.  on  board  the  Sheemess, 
Capt.  Wm.  George  Fairfax,  the  flag- ship 
in  the  channel  of  Rear-Adm.  Henry  Har- 
vey, and  having  soon  attained  the  rating 
of  midshipman,  accompanied  the  former 
officer  into  the  Repulse  and  Venerable, 
74 *s,  the  latter  bearing  the  flag  of  Admiral 
Duncan,  with  whom  he  participated  in  the 
battle  off  Camperdown,  Oct.  1 1 ,  17P7.  He 
followed  the  admiral  into  tlie  Kent,  74  ; 
and  during  his  attachment  to  that  ship,  he 
was  lent  for  three  months,  in  1798,  as 
acting  Lieutenant  to  the  Champion  20, 
Capt.  Henry  Raper.  In  May,  1799f  he 
joined  the  Busy  18,  and  in  Sept.  following 
the  Hyaena  frigate,  and  on  May  15,  1800, 
he  was  confirmed  Lieutenant  into  the 
Wright  armed  ship.  He  was  subsequently 
appointed,  Aug.  23,  IHOO,  to  the  Andro- 
meda 32  ;  June  9,  1802,  to  the  Cambrian 
40,  and  July  31, 1803,  to  the  Leander50, 
both  flag-ships  of  Sir  Andrew  Mitchell ;  in 
1806  to  the  Leopard  50 ;  in  1808  to  the 
Barfleur  98  ;  in  1809  to  the  Ganges  78, 
and  Barfleur  again,  bearing  each  the  flag 
of  Hon.  George  Cranfield  Berkeley.  While 
in  the  Leander  Mr.  Falcon  assisted,  under 
Capt.  John  Talbot,  at  the  capture,  Feb. 
23,  1805,  of  the  Ville  de  Milan,  French 
frigate  of  46  guns,  and  the  simultaneous 
re-capture  of  her  prize,  the  Cleopatra  32 ; 
and  when  with  Capt.  S.  P.  Humphreys, 
in  the  Leopard,  he  was  one  of  the  officers 
sent  to  search  the  United  States'  frigate 
Chesapeake  for  deserters,  after  that  vessel 
had  struck  her  colours,  March  22,  1807. 
On  March  8, 1811,  while  acting  as  Captain 
of  the  Macedonian  38,  he  was  made  Com- 
mander into  the  Melpomene,  troop-ship. 
10 


Lieut.-Gbnkral  James  Hat,  03. 

Feb.  25.  At  his  seat,  near  Kilbum,  eo. 
Longford,  Lieut- (General  James  Hay^  C.B. 
Colonel  of  the  79th  Highlander!. 

He  was  appointed  Cornet  in  the  16th 
Dragoons  June  10,  1795;  Lieatenant 
April  2G,  1798;  Captain  Feb.  28,  1805; 
and  Major  in  the  same  regiment  Jan.  9, 
1812.  He  served  in  Spain  and  Pdrtogal, 
was  present  at  the  passage  of  the  Dooro 
and  capture  of  Oporto,  in  the  affair  with 
the  French  rear-guard  near  Salamance, 
the  battle  of  Talavera,  the  actions  at  Re- 
dinha,  Grondeiza,  Foz  d'Avonce,  and  Sabu- 
gal;  the  battle  of  Fuentea  d'Onor  ;  uid 
commanded  the  regiment  in  an  affair  with 
the  lancers  De  Berg,  near  Especla,  where 
he  took  their  colonel,  a  chef  d'escadnm, 
and  79  prisoners,  and  "  particularly  dia- 
tinguished  himself,"  as  stated  in  the  Dake 
of  Wellington's  despatches.  Oo  going 
into  action  at  Salamanca  he  had  hie  right 
arm  broken.  He  commanded  the  ngi- 
ment  during  the  siege  of  Burgos,  and  was 
several  times  engaged  with  the  eneay. 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Major-Gen.  Godwin^  C.B. 


529 


and  again  at  Monasterio,  in  the  retreat  to 
Portugal,  when  the  regiment  composed 
the  rear  guard,  and  8u£fered  severely.  He 
again  commanded  the  regiment  at  the  bat- 
tles of  Vittoria,  the  Nivelle,  and  the  Nive, 
the  passage  of  the  Bidassoa  and  Adour, 
and  entry  into  Bordeaux.  He  received  a 
gold  medal  and  clasp  for  the  battles  of 
Vittoria  and  the  Nive;  and  for  his  ser- 
vices was  promoted  Lieut. -Colonel,  Feb. 
18,1813.  He  afterwards  served  the  cam • 
paign  of  1815,  and  commanded  the  16th 
Lancers  at  Quatre-Bras  and  Waterloo, 
where  he  was  so  severely  wounded  that  it 
was  eight  days  before  he  could  be  re- 
moved from  the  field  of  battle  into  Brus- 
sels. 

Having  been  for  some  years  on  the 
half-pay  of  the  16th  Dragoons,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major-Greneral 
Nov.  23,  1841,  and  to  that  of  Lieut.- 
General  in  1851. 


Major-General  Godwin,  C.B. 

Oct.  26.  At  Simla  in  Bengal,  aged  69, 
Major-General  Henry  Godwin,  C.B.  Com- 
mander of  the  Sirhind  Division  of  the 
Bengal  army. 

General  Godwin  entered  the  army  in 
Oct.  1799  as  Ensign  in  the  9th  Foot,  with 
which  he  served  on  the  expedition  to  the 
Ferrol  in  1800;  in  that  to  Hanover  in 
1805;  and  in  Portugal  from  Sept.  1808 
to  July  1809,  including  the  passage  of  the 
Douro,  having  attained  his  company  in 
March  1808.  In  1810  he  marched  with 
the  light  company  in  a  flank  battalion 
from  Gibraltar  to  the  first  defence  of 
Tarifa.  He  was  a  volunteer  with  Lord 
Blayney  from  Gibraltar  on  the  expedition 
to  Malaga,  and  present  at  the  attack  on 
the  fortress  of  Fuengarola.  In  1811  he 
proceeded  again  to  Tarifa,  in  command  of 
the  two  flank  companies,  to  join  the  force 
under  Lord  Lynedoch,  and  was  present 
at  the  battle  of  Barrosa,  and  severely 
wounded.  For  that  battle  he  received  the 
war-medal  with  one  clasp ;  and  for  his 
general  services  in  the  Peninsula  he  was 
nominated  a  Companion  of  the  Bath. 

On  the  26th  May,  1814,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  a  majority  in  the  5th  West  India 
regiment,  from  which  he  was  removed  to 
the  41st  Foot  on  the  30th  Nov.  1815. 

In  1822  he  embarked  in  command  of 
the  41st  for  Madras.  In  1824  he  -joined 
Sir  Archibald  Campbell  with  that  regiment 
in  the  invasion  of  the  Burmese  empire, 
and  he  served  throughout  that  war,  ftrom 
the  landing  and  capture  of  Rangoon  until 
the  peace  made  in  Feb.  1826,  and  during 
its  progress  he  was  employed  in  six  several 
commands  against  the  enemy.  In  Oct. 
1824  he  embarked  with  a  force  from  Ran- 
goon to  capture  the  province  of  Martaban, 

Gent,  Mag,  Vol,  XLI. 


where  he  stormed  its  strongly  fortified 
town,  taking  thirty-two  pieces  of  heavy 
ordnance  and  other  arms.  On  the  8th 
Feb.  1825,  he  captured  the  fortified  posi- 
tion of  Tantabain,  taking  36  pieces  of  ar- 
tillery and  other  arms.  He  was  also 
present  in  every  action  with  the  enemy 
(except  those  in  Dec.  1824,  when  he  was 
still  employed  at  Martaban),  particularly 
at  Sembike  on  the  1st  Dec.  1825,  when  in 
command  of  the  advanced  guard  he  carried 
the  front  face  of  the  enemy's  position.  He 
commanded  the  1st  Brigade  of  the  Madras 
division,  and  was  twice  thanked  by  the 
Governor-General  in  Council.  He  was 
placed  on  half-pay  of  the  87th  Foot,  June 
25,  1827. 

He  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel,  Jan. 
10,  1837»  and  that  of  Major-General  Nov. 
9, 1846.  He  afterwards  held  the  brevet 
of  Lieut.-General,  but  he  was  one  of  those 
in  whose  cases  it  was  cancelled  in  the  year 
1853. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  second  Bur- 
mese war  in  the  spring  of  1852,  General 
Godwin,  as  an  officer  of  experience  in  that 
country,  was  selected  to  command  the 
Bengal  division  of  the  army.  He  arrived 
in  the  Rangoon  river  at  the  beginning  of 
April.  During  the  same  month  he  effected 
the  capture  of  the  town  of  Rangoon.  **  No 
man,''  remarks  Capt.  Laurie  in  his  nar- 
rative of  the  war,  **  bore  the  fatigues  of 
the  day  better  than  the  gallant  General ; 
he  was  busy  everywhere,  animating  their 
troops  by  his  presence.''  The  struggle 
was  decided  by  the  storming  of  the  Great 
Pagoda,  as  noticed  in  the  memoir  of  Capt. 
Latter  in  our  present  number.  On  the 
19th  May  the  town  of  Bassein  was 
stormed,  and  on  the  4th  of  June  that  of 
Pegu.  His  reputation  subsequently  suf- 
fered, from  the  lingering  progress  of  the 
war.  It  is  affirmed,  however,  that  he 
acted  strictly  in  obedience  to  orders :  and 
Lord  Dalhousie  has  distinctly  expressed 
his  full  approval  of  General  Godwin's 
conduct.  Whatever  objections  may  be 
taken  to  the  employment  of  aged  com- 
manders, General  Godwin  in  activity  of 
mind  and  body  was  as  young  as  his  Aide 
de  Camps.  The  manner  in  which  bis 
death  has  been  caused  bears  evidence  to 
his  activity.  It  was  by  overheating  him- 
self with  exercise  that  his  fatal  malady  was 
originated.  This  occurred  during  a  visit 
to  General  Sir  W.  M.  Gomm,  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, at  Simlah.  The  Delhi 
Gazette  of  the  29th  Oct.  contained  the 
following  announcement  :— 

•'With  deep  sorrow — a  sorrow  sacred 
to  the  memory  of  rare  private  worth  and 
recorded  public  merit — the  Commander- 
in-Chief  in  India  makes  known  to  the 
army  the  death,  at  Simlah.  after  brief  but 

3Y 


530 


Obituary*— 67o/.  Mountain^  CB^^^Capt  Latter.       [May, 


severe  iUness,  of  Major  General  Godwin, 
C.B.,  commanding  the  Sirhind  division, 
and  recently  holding  chief  command  of 
the  combined  field  force  which  achieved 
the  conquest  of  Pega. 

'*  Sir  William  Gomm  feels  assured  that 
the  army  at  large  will  regret  with  him  the 
sudden  departure  from  amid  its  ranks  of 
a  distinguished  soldier,  a  gallant  leader, 
and  an  ardent  promoter  of  its  interests  \ 
while  some,  perhaps,  will  mourn  with  his 
Excellency  over  the  loss  of  a  long-tried 
and  justly-valued  friend,  faithful  and  true 
from  youth  upwards  to  the  close  of  an 
useful  and  honoured  life. 

*'W.  M.  Goiiii,  Gcueral, 
*<  Commander-in-Chief  East  Indies." 

The  honorary  title  of  a  Knight  Com- 
mander of  the  Bath,  and  the  command  of 
H.M.'s  SOth  Foot,  had  been  recently  con- 
ferred on  General  Godwin  by  the  authori- 
ties at  home ;  but  death  had  already  pre- 
vented the  reception  of  these  rewards  of 
the  veteran's  warfare. 


Colonel  Mountain,  C.B. 

Feb.%.  At  Futtyghur,  aged  57,  Colonel 
Armine  Simcoe  Henry  Mountain,  C.B., 
Adjutant-general  to  her  Majesty's  Forces 
in  India,  and  Aide-de-Camp  to  the  Queen. 

He  was  the  fourth  and  youngest  son  of 
the  Right  Rev.  Jacob  Mountain,  D.D., 
the  first  Bishop  of  Quebec,  by  Elizabeth 
Mildred  Wall  Kentish,  coheiress  of  Bard- 
field  Hall,  Essex.  He  was  born  at  Quebec, 
Feb.  4, 1797 ;  and  received  a  military  edu- 
cation in  Germany.  He  there  acquired 
great  facility  in  languages  \  and  he  spoke 
and  wrote  most  of  the  European  and  seve- 
ral of  the  Oriental  tongues.  He  went  out 
to  India  as  Military  Secretary  to  Sir  Colin 
Halkett;  became  Aide-de-Camp  to  Lord 
William  Bentinck ;  and  served  as  Adju- 
tant-general in  the  Chinese  war,  under 
Lord  Gough,  where  he  received  three  balls 
through  his  body.  He  returned  to  Eng- 
land with  the  wreck  of  the  26th  regiment; 
which  he  soon  made  one  of  the  first  in  the 
army,  and  continued  to  command  it,  as 
Lieut.. Colonel,  until  he  went  out  again  to 
India  as  Aide-de-Camp  to  Lord  Dalhousie, 
then  Governor-General.  He  was  soon 
after  appointed  Adjutant.General.  He 
commanded  a  brigade  at  Chillianwallah, 
and  received  the  warm  thanks  of  Lord 
Gou^  for  a  brilliant  and  gallant  chsrge 
whif&  secured  the  victory.  On  the  next 
day  he  was  wounded  through  the  left 
hand,  by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a 
pistol  when  mounting  his  charger.  After 
the  successful  termination  of  the  battle  of 
Gujcrat  he  was  promoted  to  the  command 
of  a  division  under  General  Sir  Walter 
Gilbert,  and  sent  by  him  in  puriuit  of  the 
enemy. 


Colonel  Mountain  wu  takea  ill  cm  tiM 
29th  Jan.  last,  when  on  marck  with  Um 
Commander-in-Chief  tnm  Cawnpon  to 
Futtyghur,  and  he  died,  of  fevor,  when  in 
camp  at  the  latter  place. 

In  a  general  order  iiined  on  the  laii 
day,  the  Commander-in-Chief  made  te 
following  remarks : — ^^  Doubtleaa,  the  Ib- 
portant  duties  of  the  department  Ofer 
which  Colonel  Mountain  haa  preaided 
through  a  course  of  five  yeart  hate  beam 
discharged  with  equal  punctuality  by  t»- 
rious  predecessors,  and  with  eqaid  repaid 
for  the  discipline  and  honour  of  the  army  i 
but  rarely,  if  ever,  exhibiting  that  intimate 
blending  of  urbanity  of  demeanour  tad 
considerate  feeling  with  unflinching  iln- 
diness  of  purpose  and  impartiality  nn- 
swerving  in  the  performance  of  thoee  net 
unfrequently  onerous  and  painfdl  ilaliei 
The  Commander-in-Chief  haa  no  need  lo 
record  for  information  in  India,  or  of  her 
Majesty's  army  generally,  that  the  abk 
official  adviser  and  friend  wlioae  loaa  he  if 
deploring  served  as  head  of  the  aama  de- 
partment throughout  the  Cbinaae  war  of 
1840-3,  and  held  command  of  a  hrigidi 
throughout  that  of  the  Pui^ab  in  184B-§| 
was  with  the  force  under  8ir  Walter  Gil- 
bert, in  command  of  a  division ;  and  uni- 
formly acquitted  himself,  in  each  of  thoee 
important  trusts,  with  the  aoond  j«df> 
ment  and  soldier-like  ardour  which  aoMt 
failed  to  animate  him  wherever  the  opaoi^ 
tunity  offered.  In  all  the  social  relanoM 
of  lifs  Colonel  Mountain  made  himarif 
extensively  beloved  and  nniTeraally  i^ 
spected  and  esteemed;  and  Sir  William 
Gomm  feels  well  assured  that  his  dapw 
ture  will  be  sincerely  and  deeply  rn«nilaJ 
by  numbera  of  all  daases  and  oraen  of 
society  in  India  as  well  as  at  home.** 

He  was  twice  married:  ftrat  to  Jeaa. 
daughter  of  the  Rt.  Bar.  Thomaa 
O'Beime,  Lord  Bishop  of  Meath; 
to  Annie,  elder  daughter  of  Colonel 
das,  of  Carron  Hall,  Falkirk. 


Caftain  LATTSn. 

Dec.  8.  At  Prome,  in  Burmah,  !■  yi 
37th  year,  Capt.  Thomas  Latter,  of  tho  €ftk 
Bengal  Native  Infantry,  Deputy  CoinHb> 
sioner  at  that  piaee. 

He  was  the  only  son  of  the  lata  M ^or 
Barrd  Latter  and  Juliana  Ann  hie  wSb, 
sister  to  the  Rev.  Richard  Jeffresfo, 
of  Cockfield,  near  Bury  fit  EdmondV. 

Captain  Latter  having  obtained 
appointment  to  Bengal,  went  ont  in  18Mt 
at  the  a;e  of  19,  a  fiaiahed  scholar  wA 
classic,  having  been  edocated  nwdor  Vi 
maternal  uncle,  the  Rev.  Charlea  Jcflkayii 
second  Wrangler  and  Fellow  of  St.  John't 
College,  Cambridge.  He  waa  nnlaniJ  la 
join  the  48th  Native  Inftntry  at  IMH^ 


1854.] 


Obituary. — CupU  Latter. 


ddl 


it 


from  which  regiment  he  changed  Iq  1837 
to  the  67th  Bengal  N.l.  then  in  Arracan, 
in  which  proTince,  having  a  remarkable 
talent  for  languages,  and  being  very  stu- 
dious, he  became  a  first-rate  Burmese 
scholar,  and  published  a  Grammar  of  that 
language,  which  was  very  highly  esteemed. 

His  communications  on  the  subject  of 
Buddhist  remains,  medals,  and  other  mat- 
ters have  been  frequently  published  and 
referred  to  in  various  periodicals  of  the  day. 

On  the  opening  of  negotiations  with  the 
Burmese,  previously  to  the  breaking  out 
of  the  late  war,  he  was  attached  to  Com- 
modore Lambert's  expedition  as  chief  in- 
terpreter, in  which  office  "  he  discharged 
his  functions  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
the  Government  (see  Government  Dis- 
patches, April  28,  1852),  having  been  un 
wavering  in  his  efforts  to  maintain  peace. 

On  the  commencement  of  hostilities  he 
was  made  interpreter  to  General  Godwin, 
in  which  position  "  he  added  to  his  claims 
by  the  duty  which  he  well  performed  on 
the  assault  of  the  great  Pagoda  at  Ran- 
goon." The  particulars  have  already  been 
published  in  Laurie's  **  Burmese  War," 
but,  having  been  favoured  witli  a  copy  of 
the  letter  which  he  wrote  on  the  occasion 
to  his  mother,  we  shall  prefer  to  relate 
them  in  his  own  words  : — 

"  Rangoon,  ApHl  17,  1852. 

"  My  dearest  Mother, — As  the  dispatches 
are  going  off  I  write  a  few  lines  to  tell  you 
I  am  quite  safe  and  untouched.  The  storm- 
ing of  the  great  Pagoda  took  place  the  day 
before  yesterday,  and  I  have  not  had  a 
moment  to  spare  since  the  place  fell  into 
our  hands. 

"  I  have  time  to  say  little,  except  that 
at  my  earnest  suggestion  the  General 
changed  his  plans,  and  stormed  at  the 
point  I  pointed  out  to  him.  I  told  him 
that  his  men  were  suffering  greatly  from 
the  enemy's  guns,  and  that,  if  he  would 
allow  me  to  lead  on  the  storm  in  the 
direction  which  I  pointed  out,  he  should 
be  inside  in  twenty  minutes.  After  much 
hesitation  he  agreed  to  it.  I  led  the  for- 
lorn hope  ;  the  first  fifty  that  followed  me 
had  twenty. eight  knocked  down  by  the 
first  volley.  We  stormed  in  tlie  face  of 
three  plateaus  of  musketeers;  and  one  poor 
officer  (Lieut.  Doran),  a  young  man  who 
rushed  up  to  support  me,  was  knocked 
over  within  two  feet  of  me,  with  seven 
bullets  in  him ;  the  next  who  came  and 
joined  me  (Col.  Cootes),  18th  Royal  Irish, 
was  shot  in  two  places,  and  his  life  was 
only  saved  by  a  bullet  striking  the  muzzle 
of  his  pistol  in  his  belt,  and  taking  a  piece 
out.  When  the  General  came  up  it  was 
about  seventeen  minutes,  and,  as  I  had 
kept  my  word,  I  kept  away  from  meeting 
him.      So,  after  some  time,  one  of  his 


A.D.C.'8,  who  had  been  sent  to  find  me 
out,  took  me  up,  and  the  dear  good  man 
shook  me  warmly  by  the  hand  and  said, 
*  Latter,  I  thank  you,  not  only  for  your 
advice  but  your  gallantry — you  have  saved 
us  a  great  many  of  our  men.'  And  now, 
with  best  love,  in  great  haste,  believe  me 
ever  your  most  affectionate  and  dutiful 
son,  Thomas  Latter.^* 

At  the  storming  of  Bassein,  on  the  19th 
of  May,  Capt.  Latter  was  again  employed. 
While  holding  a  parley  with  the  Burmese, 
he  was  struck  down  by  a  spent  ball,  and 
the  non-commissioned  officer  who  accom- 
panied him  was  killed  and  fell  over  him, 
so  that  for  some  time  he  was  supposed  to 
be  slain.  Subsequently  he  accompanied 
the  expedition  to  Pegu,  as  related  in 
Laurie's  "Second  Burmese  War,"  p.  179, 
where  he  is  spoken  of  as  *'  our  Chevalier 
Bayard,  *  sans  peur  et  sans  reproche.^  '* 

For  the  last  year  of  his  life  he  had  oc- 
cupied the  post  of  Deputy  Commissioner 
at  Prome ;  where  (in  the  words  of  Captain 
D'Oyly  of  his  own  regiment,)  he  has  met 
the  subtle  falsehood  and  crafty  policy  of 
the  court  of  Ava  with  a  sagacity  that  few 
could  equal.  The  same  gentleman,  who 
has  known  him  intimately  since  1848, 
declares  that  he  shall  be  always  ready  to 
record  his  testimony  to  Captain  Latter's 
eminent  abilities,  untiring  energy,  his  reso- 
lution, and  dauntless  spirit.  The  govern- 
ment of  Ava  have  for  months  been  com- 
passing his  assassination:  and  on  the 
approach  of  the  very  night  in  which  it 
was  accomplished,  after  dining  with  Mr. 
Wilson,  a  medical  officer  attached  to  the 
4th  Sikh  regiment,  on  wishing  him  "  Good 
night,"  he  said,  **  It  is  well  for  you  that 
you  can  go  to  bed  surrounded  by  your 
Sikhs  ;  I  can  never  lay  my  head  down  on 
my  pillow  without  thinking  I  may  never 
wake."  He  went  to  bed  about  eleven 
o'clock.  About  two  o'clock  a.m.  one  of 
the  sentries  over  the  treasure  heard  one 
ejaculation  from  the  bed  which  alarmed 
him.  He,  not  liking  to  leave  his  post, 
called  to  Captain  Latter,  and  receiving  no 
reply  he  roused  the  Treasury  guard,  which 
consisted  of  eight  men,  who  immeidiately 
fell  in.  He  then  ran  to  the  bed ;  he  saw 
no  one,  but  called  for  the  servants,  two  of 
whom  came  running  to  the  spot :  one  was 
a  German,  and  the  other  a  Hindostanee 
servant.  The  former  ran  to  the  treasury, 
and  seizing  the  light  returned  to  his  mas- 
ter's bed.  Captain  Latter  was  then  dying ; 
he  just  raised  his  eyes  to  his  servant's  face 
and  expired  without  a  movement.  The 
medical  men  are  all  of  opinion  that  a 
wound  in  the  throat  was  the  first  received; 
tliat  it  vras  the  only  fatal  one,  and  that 
death  must  have  been  almost  instantaneont. 
lliere  were  four  other  wounds. 


532 


Obituary.^-Co^  C.  E.  Gordoriy  R.H.ArL 


tMay, 


A  slanderous  statement  having  appeared 
in  the  papers  to  the  effect  that  the  murder 
of  this  gallant  officer  was  to  be  attributed, 
not  to  political  motives,  but  to  the  revenge 
of  a  relation  of  some  females  with  whom  he 
was  falsely  said  to  have  had  intrigues,  his 
uncle,  the  Rev.  R.  Jeffreys,  has  published 
a  letter,  in  which  he  says  : 

*'  This  story  was  no  doubt  devised  by 
the  wily  court  of  Ava,  who  instigated,  or 
its  emissaries  who  perpetrated,  the  deed, 
in  hopes  of  diverting  attention,  and  avert- 
ing from  themselves  the  deserved  ven- 
geance. It  was  eagerly  caught  at  by  the 
author  of  an  unprincipled  Indian  journal, 
the  Calcutta  Citizen.  It  is  utterly  un- 
worthy of  notice  as  an  explanation  of  the 
sad  occurrence.  Had  such  been  Captain 
Latter*8  propensities  he  might  have  in- 
dulged them,  as  too  many  have  done,  and 
not  a  few  in  high  positions,  to  their  full  ex- 
tent without  at  all  endangering  his  personal 
safety.  The  true  explanation  is — that  this 
gallant  public  officer,  who  was  well  known 
to  be  a  marked  object  of  fear  and  hatred 
of  the  Burmese  government — many  plots 
against  whose  life  had  been  discovered  and 
frustrated,  and  more  than  one  actual  at- 
tempt made — on  one  occasion  the  bullet 
of  the  assassin  just  missing  him,  and  the 
wadding  striking  his  horse — did  at  last  fall 
a  victim  to  the  blow  of  an  emissary  of 
the  wily  and  perfidious  court  of  Ava.  I 
might  fsio  on  to  show  how  abhorrent  the 
life  attributed  to  him  was  to  his  pursuits  ; 
how  he  spent  short  intervals  of  leisure 
that  he  could  snatch  from  his  arduous 
public  duties  in  the  pursuits  of  literature 
and  science  ;  how,  with  the  view  of  exalt- 
ing the  British  character  for  science  in 
the  eyes  of  the  Burmese,  and  affording 
entertaining  instruction  to  the  natives  and 
the  soldiery,  he  had  procured  from  Eng- 
land expensive  philosophical  apparatus, 
and  shortly  before  his  death  was  in  cor- 
respondence for  more ;  how,  besides  his 
public  merit  as  a  soldier,  which  no  one 
disputes,  he  was  known  to  a  large  private 
circle,  who  could  testify  to  his  worth  in 
the  endearing  relations  of  husband,  father, 
and  friend — I  might  confidently  appeal  to 
the  whole  Indian  society,  where  his  gen- 
tlemanly manners  made  him  a  welcome 
guest  in  the  houses  of  the  most  scrupulous 
and  refined ;  I  might  refer  to  the  volumes 
of  uninterrupted  correspondence  with  his 
pious  parent,  containing  his  feelings  on 
subjects  of  a  far  higher  nature,  which  are 
now  her  only  consolation,  and  which  she 
values  very  far  beyond  all  the  honours  he 
gained  in  his  short  but  brilliant  career. *** 

Captain  Latter  was  buried  at  Prome 
with  military  honours  on  the  afternoon  of 
the  8th  Dec.  the  Brigadier  ordering  all 
officers  not  on  duty,  with  the  exception 


of  commanding  officers  and  a^jntuitf,  to 
attend  the  funeral.  The  coffin  wo  placed 
on  a  gun-carriage,  and  drawn  to  within 
a  short  distance  of  the  burying-gronnd» 
whence  it  was  carried  by  a  partj  of  the 
Fusiliers.  The  service  was  performed  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Bumey,  and  it  was  hitereating 
to  observe,  when  he  came  to  the  words 
*'  Dust  to  dost,"  that  many  of  the  natifo 
sepoys  of  the  67th  pressed  forward  to 
mark  their  respect  by  sprinkling  earth 
upon  the  coffin. 

Captain  Latter  was  married  in  I>ee. 
1846  to  his  first  cousin,  Charlotte  Elisa- 
beth Law,  third  daughter  of  Francis  Law, 
esq.  formerly  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Serrice. 
and  late  of  Bedgbury  Park,  Kent,  hy 
whom  he  had  one  daughter,  Doloroi 
Charlotte,  both  of  whom  he  sunrived. 

Colonel  C.  E.  Gordon,  R.  H.  Akt. 

March  15.  On  the  railway  at  Crewe, 
aged  67 ,  Colonel  Charles  Edward  Gordon, 
of  the  Royal  Horse  Artillery. 

He  was  one  of  the  sons  of  Charles 
Gordon,  esq.  of  Wardhouse,  co.  Aberdeen. 

He  was  appointed  Second  Lieutenant  in 
the  Artillery  on  the  8th  Sept.,  and  First 
Lieutenant  on  the  6th  Dec.  1803 ;  Cap* 
tain  on  the  I7th  March,  1819;  Brevet 
Major  July  22nd,  1830;  Lient-Cohmel 
Nov.  24th,  1839. 

He  was  on  service  in  the  Ptoninsnia 
from  May,  1813,  until  the  dose  of  the 
war,  including  the  defence  of  Cadiz,  siege 
of  St  Sebastian,  passage  of  the  Bidassoa, 
Nivellc,  Nive,  and  Orthes.  He  was  also 
engaged  in  the  occupation  of  Bonrdeaas^ 
the  affairs  on  the  Dordogne,  and  the  hi- 
vestment  of  Blaye.  He  received  the  silm 
war  medal  with  four  clasps.  He  afterwatds 
served  in  Canada,  and  was  Assistant  A^ja- 
tant-General,  in  Ireland,  until  1851,  when 
he  was  made  Colonel  of  the  Artilleiy. 

Colonel  Gordon  had  been  on  a  visit  to 
his  brother,  Vice-Admiral  Sir  James  AJes- 
ander  Gordon,  Lieut-Governor  of  Grees- 
wich  Hospital,  and  was  on  his  return  to 
his  residence  at  Glenburn  Castle,  In  Kfa- 
cardineshlre,  when  his  death  took  plaee. 
He  was  riding  in  a  third-class  carriMo; 
and  when  waiting  at  Stafford,  a  dmnSsK 
man,  who  had  already  misconducted  h*— - 
self  in  another  compartment  of  tlie 
riage,  was  forced  into  his  company, 
some  altercation  with  the  inspi 
About  ten  minutes  after,  Colonel  Gordon's 
head  was  seen  to  droop,  and  on  the  tnln 
arriving  at  Crewe,  it  was  ascertained  ttit 
he  was  dead.  A  coroner's  inqneet  WM 
held,  and  a  verdict  retamed,  that  he  diol 
from  natural  causes.  The  bodr  wm 
brought  to  town,  and  deposited  m  thi 
mausoleum  of  Greenwich  Hospitals  b»t 
three  days  after,  it  was 


1854.]     CoU  D.  J.  BaUingally  R,M.-^Lieut.'Col,  Monypenny*    583 


again  sent  to  Crewe  to  be  subjected  to  a 
second  inquiry.  On  this  occasion  Sir 
John  Liddell,  M.D.  Physician  to  Green- 
wich Hospital,  deposed  that  he  had  made 
a  post  mortem  examination,  and  found 
that  death  had  been  caused  by  an  affection 
of  the  hearty  to  which  the  deceased  had 
long  been  subject,  and  any  sudden  ex- 
citement would  be  likely  to  cause  death ; 
but  in  consequence  of  the  evidence  that 
had  been  given  respecting  the  conduct 
of  the  inspector  at  Stafford,  the  jury  re- 
turned a  verdict  of  manslaughter  against 
him,  and  the  Coroner  issued  a  warrant  for 
his  apprehension  in  order  to  his  being 
tried  at  the  ensuing  assizes  at  Chester. 
His  trial  has  subsequently  taken  place,  and 
has  resulted  in  an  acquittal. 

Colonel  Gordon  was  father-in-law  of 
William  Duckett,  esq.  of  Russell  Town 
Park,  CO.  Carlow,  High  Sheriff  of  that 
county  in  1825. 


Col.  David  James  Ballingall,  R.M. 

March  31.  At  Southsea,  aged  64,  Co- 
lonel David  James  Ballingall,  Colonel 
Commandant  of  the  Woolwich  diyision  of 
Royal  Marines. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Lieut- 
General  Ballingall. 

At  the  early  age  of  12  years  he  served 
as  a  midshipman  in  the  St  George,  the 
flag-ship  of  Lord  Nelson,  at  Copenhagen, 
his  father  being  the  Colonel  of  Marines  of 
the  fleet.  He  was  then  appointed,  in  1803, 
Second  Lieutenant  of  Marines,  and  served 
in  the  artillery  companies  of  the  corps  on 
the  coast  of  Norway,  in  the  North  Seas, 
and  the  blockading  of  Calais,  Boulogne, 
Dieppe,  and  Havre,  when  he  was  fre- 
quently engaged  with  the  enemy's  flotilla. 
He  next  served  in  the'  West  Indies  and 
Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  was  present  at  the  cap- 
ture of  the  Marengo  and  Belle  Poule  ;  at 
the  boarding  and  capture  of  two  French 
privateer  luggers ;  and  on  the  field  of 
Vimiera,  2l8t  Aug.  1808.  He  volunteered 
2(;ih  Feb.  1809,  in  the  boats  of  the  Resist- 
ance, at  the  boarding  and  carrying  La 
Mouch^,  French  man-of-war  schooner, 
under  a  constant  fire  of  grape  and  mus- 
ketry;  and  in  the  night  of  the  following 
day,  at  the  cutting  out  of  four  French 
luggers,  laden  with  supplies  for  the  divi- 
sion of  Marshal  Soult,  from  the  harbour 
of  Santa  Clara,  on  the  north  coast  of  Spain. 
He  landed  10th  March,  1809,  at  the  head 
of  the  Marines  from  the  Resistance; carried 
a  battery  of  four  guns,  and  assisted  in  the 
capture  and  blowing-up  of  a  French  man- 
of-war  schooner,  and  destroyed  her  con- 
voy laden  with  supplies  for  the  French 
army.  Subsequently,  at  the  siege  of  Cadiz, 
he  landed  and  destroyed  the  platform  of 
the   battery  of  Estapona,  near  Malaga. 


From  April  10th,  1832,  to  Slst  May, 
1833,  he  commanded  the  Royal  Marines 
occupying  the  castles  of  Naupole  de  Ro- 
mania, with  an  allied  garrison  of  French 
and  Russians,  during  an  attack  made  by  an 
insurrectionary  force  of  five  thousand  Al- 
banians, under  Demetrius  Greva. 

Subsequently,  he  was  sent  out  to  the 
Lakes  of  Canada  as  senior  officer  of  Ma- 
rines during  the  late  insurrection  in  that 
colony,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant- Colonel.  On  his  re- 
turn to  England  he  was  personally  selected 
to  proceed  with  a  battalion  of  Royal  Ma- 
rines to  Ireland,  where  he  commanded 
from  1844  to  1846.  In  1849  he  was  ad- 
vanced to  the  rank  of  Colonel  Second 
Commandant,  and  in  1851  he  was  ap- 
pointed as  Colonel  Commandant  to  the 
Woolwich  Division,  and  shortly  after  re- 
tired on  full  pay  from  that  command. 

LlEUT.-COLONEL  MONYPENNY. 

March  15.  In  Lansdown  Crescent,  Ken- 
sington Park,  aged  57,  Thomas  Gybbon 
Monypenny,  esq.  of  Hole  House,  Rolven- 
den,  Kent,  Lieut -Colonel  of  the  West 
Kent  Light  Infantry,  a  Deputy-Lieutenant 
of  Kent,  and  a  magistrate  for  the  counties 
of  Kent  and  Sussex. 

This  gentleman  was  descended  from  the 
ancient  Scotish  family  of  Monypenny  of 
Pitmillie,  co.  Fife.  His  grandfather's 
grandfather,  Capt.  James  Monypenny, 
R.N.  settled  in  Kent  on  marrying,  in  1714, 
Mary,  daughter  of  Robert  Gybbon,  esq. 
of  Hole  House,  Rolvenden.  His  father, 
Thomas  Monypenny,  esq.  of  Maytham 
Hill,  Kent,  died  in  1814,  having  marrieid 
Catharine,  daughter  of  Isaac  Rutton,  esq. 
of  Ospringe  and  Whitehills,  Kent. 

Colonel  Monypenny  was  bom  at  Hawk- 
hurst  in  1797.  He  entered  the  army  at 
an  early  age,  and  served  as  an  Ensign  in 
the  13th  regiment  of  Foot  at  the  batUe  of 
Waterloo,  where  he  was  slightly  wounded. 

Mr.  Monypenny  became  a  candidate  for 
the  borough  of  Rye  at  the  general  election 
of  1835,  in  opposition  to  the  former 
member  Mr.  Edward  Barrett  Curteis.  He 
polled  101  votes,  and  Mr.  Curteis  was 
elected  by  211.  At  the  next  election,  in 
1837,  Mr.  Monypenny  was  elected,  Mr. 
Curteis  not  going  to  a  poll.  He  sat  until 
the  dissolution  in  1841,  and  then  retired  ; 
whereupon  Mr.  Curteis  recovered  his  seat, 
defeating  the  new  Conservative  candidate, 
Mr.  Charles  Hay  Frewen. 

Colonel  Monypenny  enjoyed  the  esteem 
of  his  neighbours  as  a  country  gentleman 
of  polished  manners,  and  is  represented 
by  those  who  best  knew  him  as  a  kind  and 
indulgent  father  and  a  most  benevolent 
friend  of  the  poor. 

He  married,  Jan.  8,  1818,  hit  coniiii 


634  Major  Beauclerk^ — F.  E.  Hurt,  E»q. — T.  GoodMcey  Esq,  [May, 


SilTestni-Rose,  eldest  daaghter  of  Robert 
Monypenny,  esq.  of  MerringtoQ  Place, 
Rolvenden ;  by  whom  he  had  issue  four 
sons  and  three  daughters.  Of  the  latter, 
the  eldest,  SiWestra- Elizabeth,  was  married 
in  1843  to  Francis  Thomas  le  Touzel,  esq. 
of  the  Cape  Mounted  Riflemen,  and  died 
in  1848. 

He  is  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son,  Capt. 
Robert  Thomas  Gybbon  Monypenny,  born 
in  1822. 

The  body  of  the  deceased  was  interred 
in  Rolvenden  church. 


Aubrey  William  Beauclerk,  Esq. 

F^b.  1.  In  his  53rd  year,  Aubrey  Wil- 
liam Beauclerk,  esq.  of  Ardglass  Castle, 
CO.  Down,  and  St.  Leonard's  Forest, 
Sussex,  formerly  M.P.  for  East  Surrey. 

Mr.  Beauclerk  was  descended  from  Lord 
Sydney  Beauclerk,  fifth  son  of  Charles  first 
Duke  of  St.  Albon's,  and  was  the  son  and 
heir  of  Charles  George  Beauclerk,  esq. 
who  died  on  Christmas  day,  1845,  by 
Emily  Charlotte,  daughter  of  William 
Ogilvie,  esq.  by  Emily  Mary,  Duchess 
dowager  of  Leinster. 

In  early  life  he  held  a  commission  in 
the  army,  and  attained  the  rank  of  Major, 
but  retired  many  years  ago. 

Major  Beauclerk  was  proposed  as  a 
candidate  for  East  Surrey  at  the  first  elec- 
tion after  the  Reform  Act,  in  1832,  and 
was  returned  with  Mr.  Briscoe,  another 
gentleman  of  Liberal  politics,  after  a  con- 
test which  terminated  thus : — 

John  Ivatt  Briscoe,  esq.  1G43 
Major  A.  W.  Beauclerk  1155 
Jeffreys  Thomas  Allen,  esq.  835 
John  Lainson,  esq.        .        244 

In  1835  he  was  rechosen  after  another 
struggle,  in  which  the  Conserrative  candi- 
date, Mr.  Alsager,  was  placed  at  the  head 
of  the  poll,  to  the  exclusion  of  Mr.  Bris- 
coe : — 

Richard  Alsager,  eso.  .  1578 
Aubrey  W.  Beaucleric,  esq.  1324 
John  Ivatt  Briscoe,  esq.       120O 

And  the  ConservatiTcs  continuing  to  in- 
crease in  strength  Mr.  Beauclerk  did  not 
encounter  the  contest  in  1837.  His 
opinions  had  gone  to  the  full  extent  of  the 
Radical  reformers,  being  in  favour  of  the 
ballot,  of  short  parliaments,  and  the  aboli- 
tion of  tithes. 

He  married  first,  Ida,  third  daughter  of 
Sir  Charles  Forster  Goring,  Bart. ;  and  by 
that  lady,  who  died  April  23,  1839,  he 
had  issue  one  son,  Aubrey  de  Vere,  born 
in  1837,  and  three  daughters,  Ida,  who 
died  in  1844,  Diana,  and  Augusta. 

Major  Beauclerk  married,  secondly, 
Dec.  7,  1840,  Rosa,  daughter  of  Joihua 
Robinson,  esq.  who  farriTet  him. 


Francis  Edw.  Hurt,  Esa. 

March  22.  At  Alderwasley,  Derbyflhife^ 
aged  73,  Francis  Edward  Hurt,  esq. 

He  was  bom  on  the  11  th  F^.  1781, 
and  was  the  eldest  son  of  Francis  Hurt, 
esq.  of  Alderwasley,  by  Mary,  daughter  of 
Mr.  Thomas  Gill,  of  Wirksworth,  apo- 
thecary. He  succeeded  his  father  on  the 
5th  Jan.  1801,  and  filled  the  office  of  High 
Sheriff  of  Derbyshire  in  1814. 

He  married,  Oct.  27,  1803,  Elisabeth, 
daughter  of  the  late  Richard  Arkwright, 
esq.  of  Willer8ley,in  the  same  county,  and 
by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the  30th  Jan. 
1838,  he  had  issue  one  son  and  feren 
daughters.  Of  the  latter,  Mary,  the  eldest, 
was  married  in  1828  to  the  Hon.  and  Rer. 
Robert  Eden,  now  Lord  Auckland,  and 
Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  by  whom  she 
has  a  very  nameroui  family. 

His  son,  Francis  Hurt,  esq.  was  born 
in  1803,  and  married  in  1829  Cedlla, 
daughter  of  Richard  Norman,  esq.  of  Mel- 
ton Mowbray,  co.  Leio.  and  niece  to  the 
Duke  of  *Rutland,  by  whom  he  has  a  nu- 
merous family.  He  was  one  of  the  mem* 
bers  for  the  Southern  Division  of  Derby- 
shire in  the  Parliament  of  1837-41 . 


Thomas  Goodlaks,  Eso, 

Feb.  7.  At  Letcomb,  Berkshire,  aged  78^ 
Thomas  Goodlake,  esq.  a  magistrate  and 
Deputy  Lieutenant  of  that  comity,  and  a 
magistrate  for  Wiltshire. 

He  was  bom  on  the  9th  April,  1 776, 
and  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Thomas  Gtood* 
lake,  esq.  of  Letcomb  Regis,  by  Catharine, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  R.  Price,  Rector  of 
Farnborougb,  Berks,  and  sister  of  Sir 
Charles  Price,  Bart. 

He  was,  for  upwards  of  twenty  yean. 
Chairman  of  the  Berkshire  Qnarter  Ses- 
sions ;  and  in  his  long  and  active 
as  a  country  magistrate,  his  conduct 
ever  characterized  by  honour,  sense,  and 
sound  judgment  He  was  well  known  in 
the  sporting  world,  and  was  the  author  of 
a  '*  Continuation  of  the  Courser's  Manual, 
or  Stud-book,  containing  the  Pedigrees 
and  Performances  of  Winning  Dogs," 
printed  at  Abingdon,  1833,  pp.  17. 

He  married,  July  26,  1806,  Jane,  only 
child  and  heiress  of  Willisim  Yamton 
Mills,  esq.  of  Wadley,  Berks ;  and  b/ 
that  lady,  who  died  in  1808,  he  had  iasne 
an  only  son,  bis  successor,  Thomas  Mills 
Gk>odlake,  esq.  of  Wadley  House  and  Shfii- 
lingford,  who  served  as  Sheriff  of  Beri^- 
shire  in  1832 ;  and  married  hi  1828  EmlUa- 
Maria,  second  daughter  of  the  late  Sir 
Edward  Baker  Baker,  Bart,  by  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  FitsGerald,  sister  to  the  present 
Duke  of  Leinster,  by  whom  he  has  iMnSi 


1854.]     Gorg9s  Lowther,  E^q^B.  A  DmrnU,  S^q.  FJLS.      U6 

tod  prMtiMd  M  ■&  Bqnitf  dmgktMMn 
•ad  oon? eyanoer.  He  wu  appouittd,  la 
coi^imctioii  with  Bfn  6idg«7,  CLC,  JoUil 
Commissioner  of  tbe  Biminglwm  Goart 
of  Bankniptej,  shortly  after  the  paaiiiif 
of  the  Act,  io  1842  {  from  which  period, 
hy  hit  l^gel  knowledce,  and  conr^eons  do- 
m'eanonc,  he  has  otot  gifen  the  greatest 
satisflAcUoii  in  the  ezeoatioii  of  that  ofliefk 

He  rmsorted  the  Bqni^  side  of  the 
Coart  of  Ezoheqaer,  oelbre  the  Lord 
Chief  Baron,  daring  the  years  1817—80, 
and  his  Reports  were  pnblished  in  1824. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  work  on  the  Praop 
tiee  of  the  High  Court  of  Chanoery,  pub- 
lished In  18,  r ;  and  of  whleh  a  seoond  im- 
pression, edited  hy  T.  E.  HeadUun,  esq. 
appeared  in  two  volumes  8ro.  1845.  Also 
of,  Praotical  Ohsenratlons  on  the  New 
Chanoery  Orders  of  the  sath  Aug.  1841, 
puhllM^  in  that  year,  and  a  second  edit 
tion,  with  the  subsequent  Orders,  in  1842 1 
and,  Considerations  on  BefiNrm  in  Ckuh 
eery,  184S. 

Mir,  Daniell  has  kffc  a  numerous  hmkf. 


GOUGBB  LowTHun,  SStt. 

Feb.  23.  At  his  residence,  Hampton 
hall,  Somersetshire,  in  his  85th  year. 
Gorges  Low^r,  esq.  late  of  Kilrue,  eo. 
Meath. 

Mr.  Lowther  was  descended  from  Wil- 
liam fifth  son  of  Sir  Christopher  Lowther 
of  Lowther,  the  present  Earl  of  Lonsdale 
being  desooided  from  Sir  Jqhn  the  eldest 
son.  Hb  grandfather,  Gorges  Lowther, 
esq.  was  father  of  the  Irish  House  of 
Commons,  in  which  he  sat  for  fifty  years. 
On  his  death  the  House,  by  unanimous 
vote,  went  into  mourniog  for  three  days. 

Mr.  Lowther  was  educated  at  Wn- 
chester  College,  and  at  the  military  Col- 
lege at  Angers. 

From  the  election  in  1790  until  the 
Union  he  was  a  member  of  the  Irish  par- 
liament for  the  borough  of  Ratoath  in  the 
county  of  Meath,  being  at  the  former  date 
a  Cornet  in  his  Majes^^s  serriee. 

He  commenced  his  military  career  in 
the  5th  Dragoon  Guards,  with  which  he 
senred  daring  the  rebellion  in  Irdandi 
and  afterwards  commanded  for  sixteen 
years  a  volunteer  troop  of  Light  Dragoons 
in  the  county  of  Hants,  where  he  had  es- 
tates, and  on  one  occasion  he  was  instru- 
mental in  dispersing  a  large  body  of  mal- 
contents on  their  way  from  Portsmouth  to 
London,  for  which  he  receifed  the  thanks 
of  the  county. 

Since  bis  death  Mr.  Lowther  has  been 
stated  to  have  been  the  author  of  se? eral 
works  of  a  controversial  character ;  but 
the  only  one  we  have  discovered  (in  the 
library  of  the  British  Museum)  is,  The 
Proceedings  at  large  in  the  Court  of  King^s 
Bench,  in  the  cause  The  King  against 
Gorges  Lowther,  e$q,  for  a  Libel  on  John 
Thomas  Batt,  esq.  a  magistrate  for  Wilts. 
This  was  printed  at  Mr.  Lowther's  expense 
at  Wiochester,  8vo.  pp.  164.  The  trial 
took  place  in  Michaelmas  term  1805 ;  his 
o£fence  was  writing  an  insulting  and  libellous 
letter  to  certain  magistrates  of  the  oonaty 
of  Wilts,  arising  ^m  a  private  matter 
not  worth  describing,  and  he  was  fined  100/. 

He  married  Julia,  daughter  of  the  Bev. 
Thomas  Huntingford,  D.D.  and  nieoe  of 
the  Right  Rev.  George  Isaac  Huntingford, 
Lord  Bishop  of  Hereford;  by  whom  he 
has  left  issue  five  sons  and  four  daa^ters. 

Edmund  R.  Danikll,  Esa.  P.&.S. 

March  21.  At  Meriden  Hall,  near  C^ 
ventry,  Edmund  Robert  Daniell,  esq. 
Commissioner  of  the  Birmingham  Court 
of  Bankruptcy,  and  F.R.S. 

This  gentleman  was  a  brother  of  the  late 
Professor  Daniell,  of  King's  CoUoge,  Lon- 
don ;  and  was  formerly  Secretary  to  the 
Royal  Institution.  He  was  called  to  the 
bar  at  the  Middle  Temple,  No7. 8S,  1816 1 


Bby.  Haeat  BniBTOiy  Wilson,  D.D. 

iVee.  n.  In  hie  80th  year,  the  Rev, 
Harry  Briatow  Wilson,  D.D.,  Beotor  of 
the  united  paiiahea  of  St  Mary  Aldemary 
and  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle,  in  the  ei^ 
of  London. 

Dr.  Wilson  was  bom  on  the  23d  Angnst, 
1774.  the  son  of  William  Wilson,  gentln^ 
man,  of  the  parish  of  St.  Gregory,  in  the 
oity  of  Loudon.  He  was  educated  at 
Merdiant-Tayloni'  School,  which  ho  left 
in  1793,  supmnnuated  for  deotium  to  ^ 
John's  College,  Oxford,  but  next  in  sSf 
niority  to  the  boy  who  obtained  his  dee* 
tion.  He  was  admitted  s  coaunoner  of 
Lincoln  College,  Oxford,  on  the  18th  9Mb, 
1793,  and  eUoted  a  scholar  of  tfant  sooiety 
on  the  foundation  of  Robert  ami  Joan 
Trappes,  on  the  30th  Jnn^,  1794.  Ho 
graduated  B.A.  on  the  lOtfa  Oet.  1796, 
and  M.A.  on  the  23d  May,  1799.  Oa 
the  14th  F^b.  1798,  he  was  sppoinlsd 
thhrd  under-master  of  Ifsicfaaat-Ttylan^ 
school,  in  the  oity  of  liondon;  and  m 
the  1st  Feb.  1805,  seoond  nnder-naslwr. 
In  1807  we  iind  him  designsted  as  enrtti 
and  lecturer  of  St.  Miehael's  Bsssishsw, 
Lecturer  of  St.  Matthias'  end  St.  John 
the  Baptist's,  and  in  1814  (in  addition) 
Townsend*s  Lecturer  at  St.  Miehnsl's 
Crooked  Lane.  On  the  2d  Ang,  I81fl^ 
he  waa  collaled  by  Arohbishop  Msnnsrs- 
Sntton  to  the  united  parishes  of  St  Maif 
AUeraary  and  St.  Thomas  the  Apoitfi» 
which  he  retained  nnta  his  lisnwiis  Ho 
proceeded  tp  the  dsgroi  of  B.D.  tm  tlM 
81st  June,  1810 ;  and  to  that  of  DM^ 
Jan.  14, 1818.  He  nsigBed  his  aMSler* 
ship  at  MerehanM^lm'  MiiQil  in  18|4* 


536 


Obituary.— /2w.  Harry  Bristow  WUsoHf  DJ).        [Bfay, 


Whilst  a  maBter  of  Merchant-Taylors', 
Dr.  Wilsoa  undertook  to  write  a  history 
of  that  establishment,  from  its  founda- 
tion. He  was  supported  by  a  grant  of 
100/.  from  the  Merchant-Taylors'  Com- 
pany, and  by  a  numerous  body  of  sub- 
scribers ;  and  the  work  was  completed  in 
two  volumes,  quarto,  of  which  the  first 
appeared  in  181S,an(l  the  second  in  1815. 
It  is  a  very  laborious  and  accurate  book, 
though  somewhat  inflated  in  its  style,  and 
extravagant  in  its  personal  eulogies. 

While  engaged  in  this  task,  Dr.  Wilson 
was  induced  to  extend  his  researches  into 
the  earlier  history  of  the  Manor  of  the 
Rose,  and  the  parish  of  St.  Laurence 
Pountney,  within  which  the  school  was 
established  in  the  year  1561.  The  pros- 
pectus of  this  work  is  dated  March,  1829. 
In  1831  the  first  portion  was  published, 
under  this  title,  *'  A  History  of  the  Parish 
of  St.  Laurence  Pountney,  London  ;  in- 
cluding, from  documents  hitherto  unpub- 
lished, an  account  of  Corpus  Christi  (or 
Pountney)  College,  in  the  said  parish.^* 
This  publication  consists  of  288  very 
closely  printed  quarto  pages,  of  which 
pp.  360 — 279  are  supplementary  to  the 
history  of  Merchant-Taylors*  School.  On 
other  matters  connected  with  the  locality 
the  author  has  enlarged  with  an  elaborate 
minuteness  almost  unprecedented ;  and, 
though  there  may  be  a  difference  of  opinion 
as  to  the  necessity  for  printing  at  all  some 
portions  of  the  documentary  evidences,  it 
is  impossible  not  to  admire  the  great  pains 
which  Dr.  Wilson  devoted  to  the  develop- 
ment of  his  researches,  nor  to  regret  that 
the  work  was  not  completed.  It  is  ob- 
vious that  its  progress  was  impeded  by 
the  expense  already  incurred,  and  which 
added,  it  may  be  feared,  to  the  author's 
embarassments  arising  from  other  causes. 

In  1844,  Dr.  Wilson  received  a  silver 
salver,  bearing  the  following  inscription  : 
— "  Presented  to  the  Rev.  H.  B.  Wilson, 
D.D.  Rector  of  the  united  parishes  of  St. 
Mary  Aldermary  and  St.  Thomas  the 
Apostle,  in  testimony  of  their  gratefiil 
sense  of  his  uniform  kindness  in  presiding 
over  their  meetings,  and  of  their  apprecia- 
tion of  the  conscientious  and  faithful  dis- 
charge of  all  his  duties  as  pastor  of  the 
pari^,  and  also  for  his  having  voluntarily 
undertaken  the  duties  of  the  Afternoon 
Lectureship  without  any  remuneration.— 
June  21st,  1844.'' 

At  a  later  period,  Dr.  Wilson  was  in  a 
state  of  litigation  with  some  of  his  pa- 
rishioners on  the  matter  of  tithes,  and  also 
with  reference  to  his  glebe-land,  which  was 
affected  by  the  widening  of  Queen-street. 
On  these  and  othrr  subjects  he  issued 
a  variety  of  pamphlets ;  and  we  now 
append  an  imperfect  list  of  his  publi« 
11 


cations,  in  addition  to  tbow  already  men- 
tion^ 

A  iSermon  preached  in  the  chapel  of  (he 
Foundling  Hospital  on  the  80th  Jan.  1801. 

Sermons  on  moral  subjects  (28  in  nam- 
her).     1807.     8vo.  pp.  464. 

Two  Sermons  on  the  Death  of  Children. 
1810.     8vo. 

An  Index  j»  subjects  not  noticed,  or 
imperfectly  referred  to,  in  the  Index  to  the 
principal  matters  contained  in  the  Notes 
to  the  Family  Bible  lately  published  ander 
the  direction  of  the  Society  for  Promoting 
Christian  Knowledge.    1818.    4to. 

A  Sermon  on  behalf  of  the  Incorporated 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Goapel 
in  Foreign  Parts.     1825.    8vo. 

A  Letter  to  the  Parishioners  of  St. 
Thomas  the  Apostle  in  the  City  of  Lon- 
don.    1826.    4to. 

A  second  Letter.     1829.    4to. 

The  Sympathising  High  Priest.  Three 
Sermons.     1828.     8vo. 

A  Letter  to  the  Parishioners  of  the 
united  parishes  of  St  Mary  Aldermary 
and  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle,  on  the  non- 
payment of  their  Tithes.     1835.     8vo. 

To  the  Occupiers  of  Houses  in  the  pa- 
rish of  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle,  to  be  taken 
down  for  widening  and  improving  Qoeen- 
street.     1848. 

Observations  on  the  Law  and  Practice 
of  Sequestration  of  Ecclesiastical  Bene- 
fices ;  with  particular  reference  to  a  late 
case  of  dilapidation  during  sequestration. 
1836.     8vo. 

Contention  for  the  Faith;  a  Sermon, 
preached  8th  Oct.  1842. 

Case  of  the  Rector  of  St.  Thomas  the 
Apostle  with  his  parishioners.     1849. 

A  Letter  to  the  Parishioners  of  St. 
Thomas  the  Apostle.     1850. 

A  Word  of  Counsel  to  persons  profea- 
sing  the  Jewish  religion  within  the  British 
empire.     1850. 

St.  Thomas  the  Apostle^s  chnrcb-jard 
and  proposed  rectory  :  a  Letter  to  the  pa- 
rishioners of  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle,  1851, 

A  Gross  Job :  or  the  case  of  the  church- 
yard of  St  Martin's  in  the  Vintry  ;  ad- 
dressed, at  this  conjuncture,  to  the  con- 
sideration of  the  parishioners  of  St.  Tho- 
mas the  Apostle.     1852. 

Dr.  Wilson  married  Mary- Anne,  daugh- 
ter of  the  Rev.  John  Moore,  LL.B.  Minor 
Canon  of  St.  Paulas,  and  had  issne  two 
children,  a  son  and  a  daughter.  The 
former  is  the  Rev.  Henry  Bristow  Wilson, 
B.D.  late  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  and  for  some  time  Pro- 
fessor of  Anglo-Saxon  in  that  uniTersIty. 
He  is  now  Rector  of  Great  Stoughton,  oo. 
Huntingdon ;  and  is  author  of  a  Letter 
on  University  and  College  Reform,  re- 
cently published,  as  well  as  otiier  worics. 


1854.]        Obituary. — Rev,  George  Stanley  Faber^  B J}.  537 


Rev.  George  Stanley  Faber,  B.D. 

Jan,  27.  At  his  residence  as  Muter 
of  Sherborn  Hospital,  near  Durham, 
aged  80,  the  Rev.  George  Stanley  Faber, 
B.D.  Prebendary  of  Salisbory,  whose  the- 
ological writings,  particularly  those  on 
Prophecy,  have  daring  more  than  half  a 
century  received  a  very  wide  and  general 
acceptation. 

He  was  bom  on  the  25th  Oct.  1773, 
and  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Faber,  by  Anne,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
David  Traviss.  He  was  educated  by  the 
Rev.  Richard  Hudson,  M.  A.  at  the  Gram- 
mar school  of  Heppenholme,  near  Halifax, 
where  he  remained  until  he  went  to  the 
university.  He  commenced  his  Oxford 
career  at  University  College  at  the  age  of 
sixteen,  and  took  his  degree  of  B.A.  when 
only  nineteen.  Before  he  had  reached 
his  twenty-first  year,  he  was  electa 
a  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Lincoln  Collq^. 
He  proceeded  M.A.  1796,  B.D.  1803. 
He  served  the  office  of  Proctor  in  1801 ; 
and  in  the  same  year,  as  Bampton  Lec- 
turer, he  preached  the  discooraes  which 
he  shortly  after  published  under  the  title 
of  Horse  Mosaicse. 

At  that  period  the  stagnation  which  had 
long  settled  over  the  Church  of  England 
was  at  length  broken  by  the  tempest  of 
the  French  Revolution.  The  solemn  time 
awakened  solemn  thoughts,  and  forgotten 
truths  were  preached  to  eager  hearers. 
Foremost  among  the  preachers  in  his  own 
university  was  the  young  but  able  theolo- 
gian whose  death  we  now  record.  He 
embraced,  by  no  means  as  the  corner- 
stone of  a  technical  system,  but  as  a  living 
principle  of  action,  the  Evangelical  doc- 
trines of  the  universal  necessity  of  con- 
version, justification  by  faith,  and  (when 
subsequent  controversy  had  brought  it 
into  prominence)  the  sole  authority  of 
Scripture  as  the  rule  of  faith.  Such 
doctrines  he  proclaimed  zealously  and 
boldly ;  teaching  none  other  things  than 
our  great  Reformers  from  Cranmer  to 
Hooker  did  teach,  and  such  as  he  read 
and  heartily  acknowledged  in  the  articles 
and  homilies  of  the  Church.  By  this 
conduct,  as  well  as  by  his  able  writings, 
he  attracted  the  notice,  and  conciliated 
the  friendship,  of  such  able  scholars  as 
Bishop  Burgess  and  Bishop  Van  Mildert, 
and  of  such  excellent  men  as  Bishop  Bar- 
rington,  the  Marquess  of  Bath,  Lord 
Bexley,  and  Dr.  Routh. 

Mr.  Faber  was  married,  May  31, 1803, 
(at  Marylebone  Church,  by  Dr.  Horsley, 
Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,)  to  Eliza- Sophia, 
younger  daughter  of  Major  John  Soott- 
Waring,  of  I  nee,  co.  Chester,  some  time 
M.P.  for  Stockbridge. 

Having  by  this  step  relinquished  his 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLl. 


fellowship,  he  went  to  reside  with  his 
father  at  Calverley,  near  Bradford,  in 
Yorkshire,  where,  for  two  years,  he  acted 
as  curate.  In  1805  he  was  collated  by 
his  constant  friend  and  patron,  Bishop 
Barrington,  to  the  vicarage  of  Stockton- 
upon-Tees,  which  he  resigned  three  years 
after  for  that  of  Redmarshall,  also  in  the 
county  of  Durham  ;  and  in  1811  he  wo 
collated  by  the  same  prelate  to  the  vicar- 
age of  Longnewton,  where  he  remained 
during  twen^-one  years.  In  1831  Bishop 
Burgess  collated  Mr.  Faber  to  a  prebend 
in  Salisbury  cathedral ;  and  in  1832 
Bishop  Van  Mildert  gave  him  the  master- 
ship of  Sherbum  Hospital,  when  he  re- 
signed the  rectory  of  Longnewton. 

Mr.  Fiber's  writings  upon  prophecy, 
and  upon  the  principal  doctrines  and  con- 
troversies which  have  successively  agitated 
the  Church,  were  continued  through  a 
period  of  more  than  fortf  years.  We  can 
nere  only  give  a  general  idea  of  them  by 
passing  their  several  titles  under  review,  in 
the  following  (probably  imperfect)  chro- 
nological series : — 

Two  Sermons  preached  beftnre  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  Feb.  10, 1799. 

An  attempt  to  explain,  by  recent  events. 
Five  of  the  Seven  Vials  mentioned  in 
the  Revelations  (xvi.  1) ;  and  an  Inqairy 
into  the  Scriptural  signiftcation  of  the 
word  Ban  (Gen.  i.  1,  ^.  Oxford,  1799. 
8vo. 

Horse  Mosaics,  or,  a  View  of  the  Mo- 
saical  Records,  with  respect  to  their  coin- 
cidence with  profane  antiquity,  their  in- 
ternal credibility,  and  their  connexion  with 
Christianity,  comprehendhig  the  snbstence 
of  eight  lectures  read  at  the  lecture  foimded 
by  Uie  Rev.  John  Bampton,  1801.  Two 
vols.  8vo.    Second  edition,  1818. 

Divine  authority  conferred  by  Episcopal 
Ordhiation  necessary  to  a  legitimate  dis- 
charge of  the  Christian  ministry ;  a  Ser- 
mon preached  before  the  Univenity  of 
Oxford,  May  16, 1801. 

A  Dissertation  on  the  Mysteries  of  the 
Cabyri,  or  the  great  gods  of  Phosnida, 
Samothrace,  Egypt,  Troas,  Greece,  Italy, 
and  Crete;  being  an  attempt  to  deduce 
the  several  orgies  of  Isis,  Ceres,  &c.  fkom 
the  union  of  the  rites  in  commemoration 
of  the  Deluge,  &c.  1803.  Two  vols.  8vo. 
1  ^Thoughte  on  the  Arminiah  and  CaMa- 
istic  Controversy.     1804.    8vo; 

Dissertation  on  the  Prophecies  that  have 
been  AilflUed,  are  now  ralfilUng,  or  will 
hereafter  be  ftiUUled,  relative  to  the  great 
period  of  1260  years;  the  Papal  and  Ma« 
hommedan  apostades;  the  tyrannical 
reign  of  Anticarist,  or  the  Inildel  Power ; 
and  the  Restoration  of  the  Jews.  1806. 
Two  vols.  8vo.  Foortii  edition  1810, 
j^ftii  edition  1814.    VoLiii.1818. 

3Z 


533 


Obituary. — Sev.  George  Stanley  Paher^  B.D.      [May, 


Supplement  to  the  same,  published  at 
Stockton,  1806.     8vo. 

Answer  to  the  Reply  and  Strictures  in 
Bicheno*s  Supplement  to  the  Signs  of  the 
Times.     1807.     8vo. 

A  general  and  connected  View  of  the 
Prophecies  relating  to  the  conversion,  re- 
storation, union,  and  future  glory  of  Ju- 
dah  and  Israel.     1808.     Two  vols.  8to. 

A  Dissertation  on  the  Prophecy  in  Da- 
niel, generally  denominated  the  Seventy 
Weeks.     1811.    8vo. 

A  practical  treatise  on  the  Ordinary 
Operations  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  1813. 
8to. 

The  Origin  of  Pagan  Idolatry,  ascer- 
tained from  historical  testimony  and  cir- 
cumstantial evidence.  1816.  Three  vols. 
4to. 

Sermons  on  various  subjects  and  occa- 
sions.    1816-20.    Two  vols. 

A  treatise  on  the  genius  and  object  of 
the  Patriarchal,  the  Levitical,  and  the 
Christian  Dispensations.  1823.  Two  vols. 
8vo. 

The  Difficulties  of  Infidelity.  1824. 
8vo. 

The  Difficulties  of  Romanism.  1826. 
8to. 

A  treatise  on  the  origin  of  Expiatory 
Sacrifice.     1827.     8vo. 

The  testimony  of  Primitive  Antiquity 
against  the  peculiarities  of  the  Latin 
Church ;  being  a  Supplement  to  **  The 
Difficulties  of  Romania m,^  in  reply  to  the 
Right  Rev.  J.  F.  M .  Trevern,  Bishop  of 
Strasbourg.     1 828.     8vo. 

The  Sacred  Calendar  of  Prophecy,  or  a 
dissertation  on  the  Prophecies  which  treat 
of  the  grand  period  of  Seven  Times.  1828. 
Three  vols.  8vo.     Second  edition,  1844. 

Letters  on  the  Catholic  Question.  18S9. 
8vo. 

Some  account  of  Mr.  Husenbeth's  at- 
tempt to  assist  the  Bishop  of  Strasbourg ; 
with  notices  of  his  remarKable  adventures 
in  the  perilous  field  of  criticism.  1829. 
8vo. 

Four  Letters  to  the  Editor  of  the  St. 
Jamea*8  Chronicle  on  Catholic  Emanci- 
pation.    [1829.]     8vo. 

The  Difficulties  of  Romanism  in  respect 
to  evidence;  or  the  peculiarities  of  the 
Latin  Church  evinced  to  be  untenable  on 
the  principles  of  historical  testimony.  Re- 
vised and  remoulded.  1830.  8vo.  Third 
edition,  185^.  This  work  has  also  been 
translated  into  French  and  Italian. 

The  FruiU  of  Infidelity  contrasted  with 
the  FruiU  of  Christianity.    1831.    12mo. 

Sound  Religion  the  only  sure  Basis  of 
Law  and  Civil  Polity ;  an  Assize  Sermon. 
1832.     8vo. 

llie  Apostolicity  of  Trinitarianism ;  ov^ 
the  Testimony  of  History  to  the  doctrines 


of  the  Holy  Trinity.  1832.  Two  Tob. 
8vo. 

Recapitulated  Apostasy  the  only  Rsr 
tionale  of  the  conc^ed  A|)OcaIyptiG  name 
of  the  Roman  Empire.     1833.    18mo. 

The   primitive   doctrine  of  Election. 

1836.  8vo.     Second  edition,  1842. 

An  account  of  Mr.  Husenbeth**  pro* 
fessed  Refutation  of  the  argument  of  '*?rhe 
Difficulties  of  Romanism.''    1836.    8to. 

The  primitive  doctrine  of  Justification^ 
investigated  relatively  to  the  several  dell- 
nitions  of  the  Church  of  Rome  and  the 
Church  of  England :  witn  a  special  refer- 
ence to  the  opinions  of  the  iate  Blr.  Knox. 

1837.  8vo. 

An  inquiry  into  the  History  and  Theo- 
logy of  the  ancient  Vallensea  and  AlU- 
genses.    1838.    8vo. 

The  primitive  doctrine  of  Regenemtloii. 
1840.    8vo. 

Christ's  disconrse  at  Capernaum  fatal 
to  the  doctrine  of  Transubstantiation,  on 
the  very  principle  of  exposition  adopted  by 
the  divines  of  the  Roman  Churcti,  ana 
suiddally  maintained  by  Dr.  Wiseman; 
associated  with  Remarks  on  Dr.  Wiseman** 
Lectures.    1840.    8vo. 

Eight  Dissertations  on  certain  connected 
Propiietical  passages  of  Holy  ScHptore^ 
bearing  more  or  less  upon  the  promise  of 
a  Mighty  Deliverer.  1845.  Two  vols.  8to. 

Letters  on  Tractarian  Secession  to  Po- 
pery :  with  remarks  on  Mr.  Newman*ls 
Principle  of  Development,  Dr.  Moehler'a 
Symbolism,  and  the  adduced  evidence  in 
favour  of  the  Romish  practice  of  Mariol- 
atry.     1846.     12mo. 

A  Reply  to  a  pamphlet  entitled  '*A 
Letter  to  G.  S.  Faber,  in  reply  to  the 
Postscript  to  his  Sixth  Letter  on  Tracta- 
rian Secessions  to  Popery,  by  Cbristopherp 
Lord  Bishop  of  Bangor."    1847.    6to. 

The  Three  Unproved  Assertions :  letten 
on  the  three  assertions  of  the  London 
meeting  of  July  23,  1850,  touching  the 
evidence  in  favour  of  the  unconditional 
and,  therefore,  invariable  effect  of  Infani- 
Baptism  in  Spiritual  Regeneration.  185d. 
l2mo. 

Many  Mansions  in  the  House  of  the 
Father,  scripturally  discussed  and  practl* 
cally  considered.     1851.     8vo. 

Papal  Infallibility  ;  a  letter  to  a  Digni- 
tary of  the  Church  of  Rome»  in  reply  to  a 
communication  received  from  him.  18S1. 
8vo. 

The  Revival  of  the  French  Emperor- 
ship anticipated  from  the  necessity  of  Pro- 
phecy^.  Second  edition.     1853.    8to. 

The  predicted  downfall  of  the  Tnrkiali 
Power  the  preparation  for  the  return  of 
the  Twelve  Tribes.     1853.    BfO. 

With  respect  to  his  dissertationa  on 
prophecy,  Mr.  Faber  was  wont  to  deolara 


1854.] 


Obituary.— 4?^  Edwtkrd  Jivnfh  4M. 


589 


that  he  desired  na  looro  tha«  to  «l«cidMe 
the  ri^le«  by  which  the  interpretatiaii  of 
prophecy  is  to  be  determined.  Ooe  prin- 
ciple which  he  eetabliehed  and  exemplified 
was,  that  the  delineations  of  evente  in 
prophecy  are  not  applicable  to  the  deati- 
niea  of  indi? idnale,  but  to  those  of  polioiea 
and  nations.  It  was  thos  that  in  1805  h« 
traced  in  the  violently  slain  i^nd  revived 
Seventh  Head  of  the  Apocalyptio  Beast, 
not  the  fiste  of  the  Emperor  Napoleon, 
but  of  the  imperial  form  of  government 
— overwhelmed  in  1815 — dormant  duruo^ 
the  Restoration — and  revived  in  the  person 
of  the  Second  Napoleon.  When  he  had 
once  ventured  upon  an  elucidation  of  pro- 
phecy  aooording  to  his  fixed  canons,  he 
was  never  swayed  towards  a  varied  inter- 
pretation under  the  immediate  presence 
of  events  apparently  irreooncilable  with 
his  first  deliberate  impression.  The  bro- 
chures which  he  publtdied  la^  year  upon 
the  Revival  of  the  iSmpire  in  France,  and 
the  Downfiedl  of  TuriKey,  were,  (or  the 
most  part,  only  reprints  of  his  deductions 
from  the  prophetical  records  published 
forty  years  before. 

Mr.  Fabeii's  controversial  writing*,  though 
from  their  very  nature  they  wUl  be  Ww 
long-lived  than  his  works  on  prophecy, 
have  hitherto  been  more  extensively  useful. 
His  argumentative  styto  was  severely  loigi- 
cal;  arising  from  a  love  of  exactitude, 
which  his  strong  common  sense  taught 
him  to  be  the  basis  of  truth.  Whilst  ooca- 
sionally  compelled  to  adopt  analysis^  he 
loved  rather,  and  made  more  frequent  use 
of,  the  synthetical  method  of  reasoning. 
He  did  not,  of  course,  refuse  the  aid  of 
any  weapon  of  philosophy  *.  analogy  was, 
however,  very  sparingly  employed  by  him. 
His  powers  of  concentration  were  remark- 
able; as  was  also  the  perseverance  with 
which  he  pursi^ed  the  stnidy  which,  at  any 
period,  engaged  his  thoughts.  He  seemed 
to  adopt  the  sentiments  of  Cicero :  "  Hmo 
studia  adolescentiam  alunt,  senectutem 
oblectant,  secundss  res  omant,  adversis 
perfugium  et  solatium  prsbent :  delectant 
domi,  non  impediunt  foris;  pemoctant 
nobiscum,  peregrinantur,  rusticantur." 
Throughout  his  life  his  industry  was  ex- 
traordinary. Although  he  retired  at  no 
very  early  hour,  it  was  his  invariable  cus- 
tom to  be  seated  at  his  desk  by  six  o*clock 
in  the  morning,  during  winter  as  well  as 
summer,  and  this  too  to  within  three 
mouths  of  his  decease.  Nor  did  this  con' 
stant  use  of  his  faculties  impair  their 
energy.  He  was  able  to  Uie  last  to  read 
the  smallest  print  without  a  lens;  and  his 
contributions,  during  the  last  few  months, 
to  various  papers  and  periodicals,  proved 
the  unweakened  vigour  of  his  inteUect. 
His  acquaintance  with  the  poUte  Utoratnro 


of  quMlenik  M  weU  as  ancient  n^ltoYM  ^si 
very  extensive ;  i»or  was  be  ^9r  i^t  i^  Ivilt 
in  detecting  a  garbled  or  i«a|>erfbot  quoita- 
tion  from  his  favovvrite  authoff.  In  nothing 
vras  he  more  severely  accnrate  than  in  his 
reforences  to  patristic  theology;  and  ha 
had,  as  he  expressed  it,  '^an  awkward 
habit  of  verification,"  extremely  annoying 
to  a  disi^genuons  opponent,  which  was* 
however,  by  no  VMu^  n  laUvriotts  pf  ooqm 
to  hion,  for,  to  xkm  anotl^C  ftivourite  ex- 
pression of  his,  **he  h<4  wii^tered  and 
summered"  the  orighwd  audhon.  From 
the  variety  and  accuracy  of  his  knowledge 
he  nevcff  was  exposed  to  the  temptation  of 
substituting  penonal  refleetiona  for  argu- 
ment, and  his  well-disoiplined  mind  aaved 
him  from  any  exhibition  of  loss  of  temper. 
Whilst  he  adhered  pertinaciously  to  nets 
himself,  he  never  allowed  his  advennry  to 
wander  from  the  question  in  point  without 
imcoodiately  reeaVing  him,  rtfosii:^  t« 
di^eusa  iiew  subjecte  nntil  thi»  one  in  hand 
had  been  firat  deposed  of. 

In  the  immodiate  eurcle  of  hit  fHends, 
his  amiable  and  engaging  qualities  wer« 
niiversaUy  acknowledged.  In  the  go^rcfn- 
ment  of  tho  charitable  institution  Otok 
whi<^  he  had  presided  for  twentf^wA 
years,  he  waa  considerate,  though  l^aa  aiid 
impartial  i  whilst  the  appeal  of  need,  firom 
whatever  quarter,  always  ffnwd  hia  ima 
ready  and  his  hand  op«n  i)e  waa  Qpt  a 
person  of  an  excitable  or  enthuaiastio  tavH 
perament,  but  there  was  a  deep  current  pi 
devotional  feeling  which  pervaded  Ua 
heart  and  characteriaed  his  life.  His 
ildnd  was  unclouded  to  the  hMt,  aild  tb* 
power  of  true  religion  waa  beantif^lly  dU- 
played  in  the  calm  and  eonfident  fai^ 
which  snstaioed  him  duriog  his  paaaaga 
through  the  valley  of  the  ahadow  of  df  ath. 

By  the  lady  before  named  Mr.  ?ab«n 
had  five  children,  of  whom  two  aw4fa 
him,— Chailea  Waring  Faber,  sm.  bar-* 
rister-at-law,  and  Lieut.-Colonel  William 
Raikea  Faber.  Hia  other  ohildi^n  died  iq 
their  infancy.  His  body  was  interred  in 
the  ohapel  of  Sherbum  Hospital. 

A  portrait  of  Mr.  Faber,  by  T.  FhilUpa, 
R.  A.,  was  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Academy 
in  the  year  1842. 

Rsv.  Edward  Jambs,  M.A. 

Ainil  6.  At  Alton,  aged  64,  the  Rev. 
Edward  Jamea,  M.A.  formerly  of  Chriat 
Chnroh,  Oxford,  Canon  of  Wfaioheatar, 
Vicar  of  Alton,  Hants,  and  Chaplain  to 
the  Bishop  of  the  diooeae,  and  a  Canon  of 
Llandaff. 

Mr.  Jamea  waa  the  third  son  of  the  Ear. 
Thomaa  Jamea,  D.D.*  Head  Master  of 

*  Of  whom  a  memoir  will  be  found  in 
our  voL  IJOUT.  p,  982.    Dr.  Jamea  wai^ 


540 


Obituary. — Rev,  Edward  James,  M.A. 


[May, 


Rugby,  Canon  of  Worcester,  and  Rector 
of  Harrington,  Worcestershire,  by  Ara- 
bella, foarth  daughter  of  Mr.  W.  Caldecott 
of  Rugby.  He  was  educated,  like  his 
father,  on  the  foundation  of  Eton  School, 
where  he  was  associated  with  the  late  much- 
lamented  Dr.  Lloyd,  Bishop  of  Oxford 
(who  died  in  1829),  the  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, the  Provost  of  Eton  {clarum  et 
venerabile  nomen  /),  the  Dean  of  St  Paurs, 
Sir  John  Patteson,  Justice  Coleridge,  &c. 
&c. — a  distinguished  band  of  cotempo- 
raoeous  King's  scholars.  At  that  time  the 
examinations  of  the  collegers  were  nearly 
nominal,  and  those  who  went  to  school  at 
the  earliest  age  were  most  likely  to  be 
elected  off  to  King's ;  consequently,  while 
three  others  (of  whom  Sir  John  Patteson 
was  second,  though  by  far  the  most  dis- 
tinguished at  Cambridge,)  obtained  vacant 
scholarships  in  that  college,  Mr.  James 
was  superannuated  in  1808,  and  entered 
at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  Shortly  after 
taking  his  degree,  he  became  tutor  to  the 
Hon.  E.  6.  Stanley  (now  Earl  of  Derby) 
at  Eton  and  at  Oxford,  with  whom  he 
continued  on  the  most  friendly  terms  till 
his  death.-  **  He  reaped,'*  says  the  Morn- 
ing Post,  "  the  first  fruits  of  his  labours 
on  seeing  his  noble  pupil  obtain  the  Chan- 
cellor's medal  for  Latin  verse  as  an  under- 
graduate ;  and  in  1852  was  in  attendance 
on  Lord  Derby  (then  Prime  Minister)  in 
Downing  Street,  when  the  deputation  from 
Oxford  came  to  install  his  lordship  in  the 
office  of  Chancellor." 

After  taking  holy  orders,  Mr.  James 
was  successively  Vicar  of  Datchet,  and 
Perpetual  Curate  of  Sheen,  Surrey,  where 
he  was  tutor  to  many  noblemen^s  sons. 
When  the  affectionate  friend  of  his  youth, 
Mr.  Charles  Sumner,  became  Bishop  of 
Llandaff,  he  gave  Mr.  James  one  of  the 
canonries  in  his  cathedral,  such  as  it  is ; 
and   when  translated    to   Winchester  in 

a  Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cambridge, 
and  a  most  successful  Head  Master  of 
Rugby  from  the  year  1778  to  1796,  when 
ill-health  compelled  him  to  retire,  and  the 
trustees  of  the  school  petitioned  Mr.  Pitt 
to  bestow  the  canonry  on  him.  By  his 
first  wife,  daughter  of  Mr.  Mander  of 
Coventry,  he  had,  1.  Thomas,  a  barrister, 
and,  2.  Mary,  married  to  the  late  Rev.  J. 
Wingfield,  D.D.,  Head  Master  of  West- 
minster  School:  by  his  second,  1.  the 
Right  Rev.  J.  T.  James,  D.D.,  late  Bishop 
of  Calcutta;  2,  William,  M.A.,  Vicar  of 
Bilton,  Warwickshire,  and  late  Fellow  of 
Oriel  College;  3.  Edward, now  deceased; 

4.  George,  officer  in  the  Royal  Artillery  ; 

5.  Sophia- Catherine,  married  to  Robert 
Morris,  esq.  of  Cheltenham  ;  and,  6.  Isa- 
bel la- Octavia.     Dr.  James  died  in  1804. 


1828,  made  him  Ms  examining  Chaplain, 
honouring  him  vrith  the  first  canonry  at 
his  disposal,  to  which  the  Dean  and  Chap- 
ter added  in  1832  the  vicarage  of  Alton. 
In  this  post  he  was  hard-working  and 
exemplary,  the  parish  priest  of  a  large 
tovm,  full  of  fiery  and  qaarrebome  Dis- 
senters, varying  his  life  by  a  pleasant 
summer  residence  in  the  Cathedral  Close 
as  canon,  where  his  hospitality  and  xeal 
for  the  noble  fabric  and  its  services  will 
always  be  remembered,  and  by  occasional 
visits  at  '*  election"  time  to  Dr.  Hawtrey, 
then  Head  Master  and  since  Provost  of 
that  great  school  whose  pride  and  honour 
is  its  connection  with  this  accomplished 
scholar,  and  munificent  and  generous  man. 

It  is  only  fair  to  Mr.  James's  memory 
to  say  that  he  was  a  sound  High  Church- 
man, though,  from  his  intimate  relations 
with  the  Bishop — standing,  as  he  did,  alone 
amongst  all  shades  of  ultra- Protestantism, 
and  perhaps  from  excess  of  charity — he 
could  make  little  resistance  to  bigotry,  and 
lax  principles  and  practices  in  the  diocese. 
By  Mr.  James,  and  by  him  almost  alone 
of  the  "dignitaries"  (except  the  vrorthy 
Warden  of  New  College),  were^he  author 
of  the  "  Christian  Year,*'  and  Mr.  Trench, 
cordially  welcomed  in  the  Close. 

Mr.  James  published,  in  1830,  a  "  Me- 
moir of  Bishop  James,"  which  was  thus 
highly  eulogised  by  the  Quarterly  Re- 
view :  t  "  We  have  before  us  a  memoir 
of  Heber*s  successor,  the  last  Bishop  of 
Calcutta,  drawn  up  with  great  neatness 
and  good  sense  by  his  brother,  the  Rev. 
E.  James,  Prebendary  of  Winchester.  It 
is  too  brief  to  admit  of  a  formal  notice  ; 
but  we  must  not  omit  the  opportunity  of 
bearing  testimony  to  the  virtue  and  piety 
of  this  highly  accomplished  and  amiable 
man,  whose  sole  misfortune  is  to  be  almost 
forced  into  a  comparison,  after  a  still 
shorter  career  of  fame  (1827-1829),  vrith 
Middleton,  who  was  certainly  one  of  the 
first  scholars  which  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land has  in  late  years  produced,  and  with 
Heber,  whose  poetic  genius  alone  would 
have  thrown  a  peculiar  lustre  round  his 
name.  Bishop  James  seems  to  have  ex- 
ercised his  functions  with  great  modera- 
tion and  good  sense  ;  his  measure  of  as- 
signing, where  it  was  possible,  parochial 

t  Vol.  XLiii.  page  400.  Bishop  James 
before  his  elevation  was  Student  of  Christ 
Church,  and  published  his  ''Travels  in 
Russia,"  which  created  a  very  favourable 
impression.  From  1818  to  1827  he  was 
Vicar  of  Flitton,  Bedfordshire.  Only  one 
son  survives  of  the  late  bishop^s  family — 
the  Rev.  J.  A.  James,  M.A.  late  Fellow 
of  King's  College.  (See  our  vol.  xcix. 
page  563.) 


1854.]  Obituary. — R.  Harris,  Esq,  M.P.^'^,  Henwood,  Esq.    54r 


districti  and  a  definite  sphere  of  duty  to 
the  cler^  in  Calcutta  appears  extremely 
judicious  :  and  in  all  his  intercourse  with 
his  brethren  his  gentleness  and  concilia- 
tion seem  to  show  that  he  was  no  un- 
worthy successor  to  those  who  preceded 
him " 

Mr.  Edward  James  married  Catharine, 
daughter  of  F.  Reeves,  esq.  by  whom  he 
has  three  daughters  (all  unmarried)  and 
three  sons ;  1 .  the  Rev.  Edward  Stanley 
James,  M.A.  of  Merton  College,  Vicar 
of  East  Letcombe,  Berkshire;  3.  Rev. 
Charles  Caldecott  James,  B.A.  Fellow  of 
King's  College — a  gentleman,  who  after  a 
successful  career  of  industry  at  Eton,  wai 
placed  third  in  the  first  class  of  the  Clas- 
sical Tripos  in  1852;  having  voluntarily 
offered  himself  for  examination  for  hw 
degree,  first  of  all  KingVmen,  who  threw 
up  their  privilege  two  or  three  years  ago, 
but  with  a  reservation  of  their  rights  for 
those  who  were  matriculated  prefiously. 
Mr.  Charles  James  owes  much  of  his 
success  to  his  father's  scholarship  and  in- 
dustry. 3.  Arthur  Coleridge  James,  now 
on  the  foundation  of  Eton. 

The  remains  of  Mr.  James  were  fol- 
lowed to  the  grave  in  Alton  churchyard 
by  those  who  had  been  his  friends  from 
youth — Judge  Coleridge,  Sir  J.  Patteson, 
Dr.  Hawtrey,  &c.,  the  Bishop  of  Winches- 
ter officiating.  Those  who  mourn  the  loss 
of  so  worthy  a  man  may  breathe  the  old 
heathen  poet*s  Catholic  prayer  over  his 
tomb : — 

iv^t^  (piXtf  \l^vxrii  yXvKfpbv  Kai  lykptrifiov 
uXpiog  evpdl^oiOy  Kai  oXfiiOQ  'Aai  Ikoio  ! 

C*     Om     D» 


Richard  Harris,  Esq.  M.P. 

Feb,  2.  At  Leicester,  aged  76,  Richard 
Harris,  Esq.  formerly  M.P.  for  that  town. 

Mr.  Harris  was  bom  in  the  humbler 
ranks  of  life,  and  was  in  every  respect  the 
architect  of  his  own  fortune.  As  a  boy 
he  was  employed  in  the  office  of  the  Lei- 
cester Herald,  then  conducted  by  Mr., 
afterwards  Sir  Richard,  Phillips.  He  was 
subsequently  connected  with  the  staple 
manufacture  of  the  borough,  and  made  his 
money  by  hosiery.  After  hating  occupied 
a  seat  as  a  councillor  and  alderman, 
almost  from  the  commencement  of  the 
new  corporation,  he  was  chosen  mayor  in 
1843,  and  during  his  year  of  office  was 
invited  to  dine  with  Queen  Victoria  at 
Belvoir  Castle — an  honour  never  before 
conferred  on  a  mayor  of  Leicester.  On 
that  occasion  her  Majesty  condescendMl  to 
notice  him  kindly,  and  the  late  Duke  of 
Wellington  entered  into  conversation  with 
him.     Mr.  Harris  was  indeed  a  fitting 


type  of  a  great  and  growing  oommimitj 
of  mannfactorers,  and  thus  exemplified 
the  words  of  a  Book  which  he  daily  con- 
sulted :  <*  Seest  thou  a  man  diligent  in 
business  ?  he  shall  stand  before  Kings  and 
not  before  mean  men."  Though  deficient 
in  those  advantages  which  education  con- 
fers, he  was  endowed  with  good  sense, 
and  earned  by  his  upright  character  and 
conduct  a  position  often  denied  to  men  of 
more  brilliant  endowments.  He  had  been 
throagh  life  a  consistent  Liberal  in  poli- 
tics, and,  after  entertaining  infidel  viewe 
in  early  life,  he  joined  the  Baptist  Chnrdi 
fai  Sept.  1800,  and  had  subsequently 
maintained  an  honourable  religious  pro- 
fession. He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Carey,  served  as  deacon  to 
the  Rev.  Robert  Hall,  and  united  with 
Mr.  James  Cort  and  others  in  the  erec- 
tion of  Charles-street  chapel  in  Leicester. 

Mr.  Harris  was  returned  to  Parliament 
for  Leicester,  together  with  Mr.  John 
Ellis,  in  April  1848,  on  the  previous  elec- 
tion of  Sir  Joshna  Walmsley  and  Mr. 
Richard  Gkurdner  being  declared  void  by 
a  committee  ;  and  he  sat  until  the  diato- 
lution  in  1852.  His  business  is  continued 
by  his  sons. 

A  large  portrait  of  Mr.  Harris  is  an- 
nounced for  publication. 

Jamks  Hrnwood,  Esq. 

April  5.  At  Hull,  aged  70,  James  Hen- 
wood,  esq.  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Justices 
of  the  Peace  for  that  borough. 

Mr.  Henwood  was  a  native  of  Canter- 
bury, but  had  resided  in  Hull  considerably 
more  than  half  a  century.  He  was  con- 
nected, during  the  whole  of  that  time, 
with  the  bank  of  Messrs.  Samuel  SmiUi, 
Brothers,  and  Co.  first  in  the  capacity  of 
clerk,  and  eventually  as  a  partner.  A 
rare  combination  of  intellectual  power  and 
moral  exoellenoe  pointed  him  ont  as  emi- 
nently worthy  of  the  elevation  to  which  he 
attained.  As  a  banker  his  opinion  was 
always  respected,  and  felt  to  be  important 
fai  cases  d^cult  of  solution.  His  policy 
was  always  liberal  when  it  was  expedient 
that  money  should  be  advanced  for  the 
promotion  of  public  improvements.  Nor 
was  his  advice  less  infiuential  as  deputy- 
chairman  of  the  Dock  Company,  as  a  rail- 
way director,  or  as  a  magistrate.  Pre- 
ferring the  pubUo  good  to  Us  own  private 
interests,  his  idm  was  always  to  secure  the 
rights  of  all  parties.  Caution ,  discrimina- 
tion, and  sagacity  were  the  leading  traits 
of  his  menUl  constitution ;  and  he  had 
the  further  advantage,  in  reasoning,  of  a 
perfect  command  of  temper.  His  was  the 
charity  "that  is  not  easily  provoked." 
Most  of  the  philanthropic  institutions  of 
the  town  found  in  him  a  Ubend  patron^ 


542    OBiTT3AiRY.'^JohnSmiihiEiq^--^.M.Ilichard9im9E9q.  [May, 

while  hit  private  charities  are  known  to 
have  been  very  exteosive.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  founding  the  Lyceum,  of 
which  he  was  for  many  years  the  President; 
and,  in  token  of  their  respect,  the  sub- 
scribers to  that  institution  very  recently 
placed  in  their  library,  at  their  own  ex- 
pense, a  strikine;  portrait  of  Mr.  Henwood, 
from  the  pencil  of  George  Pycock  Green, 
esq. 

Mr.  Henwood  was  a  consistent  Method- 
ist, and  for  many  years  took  an  active 
part,  as  a  class-leader  and  a  local  preacher, 
in  diffusing  practical  Christianity  among 
the  masses.     Bat,  though  a  Methodist,  he 
venerated  the   Church  of   England,    his 
sympathies    being  with    the    evangelical 
clergy.      His  catholic  feelings,  in  short, 
led  him  to  maintain  the  kindliest  inter- 
course with  orthodox  Christians  of  every 
name.     He  was  a  public-spirited  man  in 
the  best  sense  of  the  expression,  zealously 
patronising  all  that  tended  to  promote  the 
trade  and  commerce  of  the  town,  as  well 
as  every  object  of  philanthropy.     In  poli- 
tics he  was  a  liberal  Conservative,  com- 
bining a  love  for  temperate  reforms  with 
a  jealous  attachment  to  the  institutions  of 
the  country.    As  a  friend  his  attachments, 
once  formed,  were  enduring ;  nor  did  he 
allow  differences  of  opinion  in  politics  or 
religion  to  produce  the  least  estrangement 
in  his  affections.    The  literary  acquire- 
ments of  Mr.  Henwood  were  varied  and 
extensive,  his  habits  being  those  of  close 
application  to  study,  and  his  memory  re- 
markably tenacious.     Both  his  pen  and 
his  tongue — for  he  was  no  mean  orator — 
attested  the  superior  cultivation   of  his 
mind.     As  he  lived  so  he  died,  in  the 
possession  of  a  lively  faith  in  the  truths  of 
revealed  religion,  and  of  a  hope  full  of 
immortality. 


cession  most  of  the  estates  of  the 
bourhood  fell  nnder  his  direction,  iaelaidiaf 
those  of  the  Earl  of  Sheffield,  Lord  Vis. 
count  Gage,  the  Rev.  John  Goring,  and 
others. 

The  great  alteration  in  the  rektion  be« 
tween  landlord  and  tenant  incidental  to 
the  changes  in  the  law  of  tithes,  tha  ar- 
rangement of  parochial  diflerenoei,  aad 
the  introduction  of  railways,  opened  n  still 
wider  sphere  of  action  to  Mr.  Smith,  whoss 
opinions  were  constantly  in  reqnisltioBy 
and  his  awards  were  received  with  onvs- 
ried  satisfaction,  his  jodgment  as  a  raferse 
being  sought  far  beyond  the  county  of 
Sussex. 

For  many  years  Mr.  Smith  was  an  la- 
habitant  of  Lewes,  to  which  he  romovsd 
upon  resigning  the  farming  basmeas  sk 
Befendean.  Here  he  enjoyed  tiie  rospeot 
of  the  inhabitanU,  alike  for  the  kindiwss 
of  his  character,  his  charitable  disposittOB, 
and  the  liberali^  with  which  he  supportsd 
the  various  local  objects  of  interest  in  ths 
town.  As  a  friend  he  was  nnswervisg, 
and  in  his  domestic  relations  he  wss  sa 
affectionate  husband  and  a  kind  paront. 

His  body  was  interred  at  Filmerf  at- 
tended by  his  brother,  brother-in-law,  sad 
son-in-law,  and  more  than  two  hmndrad 
friends. 


John  Smith,  Esq. 

March  20.  In  his  67th  year,  John 
Smith,  esq.  of  St.  Anne's,  Lewes. 

Mr.  Smith  occupied  for  some  years  a 
farm  at  Bevendean,  where  his  talent  and 
integrity  obtained  the  confidence  of  the 
present  Earl  of  Chichester,  who  opened 
to  him  a  more  extensive  field,  gradually 
entrusting  him  with  the  management  of 
his  estates,  and  placing  in  his  hands  the 
supervision  of  Stanmer,  Laughton,  8cc ; 
these,  under  his  guidance  and  direction, 
experienced  the  greatest  benefit.  I  lis  mind 
was  at  once  inquiring  and  practical ;  and 
with  a  happy  mixture  of  suavity  and  firm- 
ness, Mr.  Smith  conciliated  the  good  feel- 
ing of  the  tenantry,  whilst  he  ever  encou- 
raged any  improvement  to  the  estate.  His 
success  in  administering  Lord  Chichester^s 
estates  caused  his  advice  to  be  sought  after 
by  other  landed  proprietors,  and  in  sue- 


Jamks  Malcott  Richardsow,  Bso. 

March  3.    At  his  residence  in  Black- 
heath  Park,  aged  84,  James  MaleottBii 
ardson,  esq.  of  Comhill,  bookseller 
East  India  agent. 

Mr.  William  Richardson  was  for  ssany 
years  a  bookseller  under  the  Royal  Ex* 
change,  and  had  also  a  shop  opposite,  in 
Comhill.  On  his  death  in  1811,  he  was 
succeeded  by  two  nephews,  Mr.  John 
Richardson,  who  continued  the  badness 
under  the  Royal  Exchange,  and  died  Ai(. 
1840;  and  the  late  Mr.  James  Msloolt 
Richardson,  who  remained  in  the  shop 
opposite  the  Royal  Elxchange.  The  basl> 
ness,  under  Mr.  James  Richardsoa^s  la* 
telligent  direction  and  unwearied  hshiti 
of  application,  rose  to  oonsideraUe  iss* 
portance,  and  gave  birth  to  an  East  ladia 
connexion  to  which  the  retail  book-skofi 
formed  a  mere  ante-room. 

Mr.  Richardson  married  esriy  in  Hliit 
and  became  the  parent  of  a  namarona 
family.  Many  years  ago  he  fised  his  ra- 
sidencfr  at  Greenwich,  where  his  llbaraU^ 
and  amiability  were  proverbiaL  Hia  habMs 
were  peculiarly  simple.  He  rose  with  tha 
early  dawn,  took  exercise  in  his  fardsa* 
and  was  off  to  business  before  maay  of  Ua 
household  were  moving.  He«arnvod  ia 
town  at  eight,  took  his  breakfast^  and  at 
nine  was  at  his  desk :  opened  all  Us  Isl* 
ters,  and  gave  the  necessary  dinstiona  la 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Rev.  Samuel  Rowe,  M.A. 


543 


his  clerks.    Few  changes  were  perceptible 
in  his  establishment.     His  servants  con- 
tinued in  their  situations,  and  his  affection 
for  them  was  only  second  to  that  which 
he  entertained  towards  his  own  family. 
On  his  return  to  Greenwich,  after  the 
ordinary  duties  of  the  day,  and  dismissing 
his  family  with  prayer,  his  travelling  desk 
was  opened,  and  he  frequently  sat  till  after 
midnight  writing  to  numerous  correspond- 
ents.   His  advice  was  constantly  asked  by 
men  of  the  highest  standing  in  India:  and 
the  children  consigned  from  the  East  to 
his  care  for  education  exceeded  his  own 
very  numerous  family.     At  his  hospitable 
board  he  was  never  known  to  toucn  wine 
or  malt  liquor  ;  but  he  always  kept  at  his 
elbow  a  decanter  of  clear  toast-and-water 
to  perform  the  cordial  old  cnstom  of  drink- 
ing with  his  guests.    His  charity  was  pro- 
fusely generous;   and  his  penetration  of 
character  singularly  accurate.   Of  this  the 
following  was  a  very  remarkable  instance. 
Being  desirous  to  establish  some  ladies  in 
a  preparatory  school,  as  a  means  for  their 
support,  he  did  not  rest  until  they  became 
so  prosperous  as  to  require  a  Latin  usher. 
This  want  he  supplied  in  the  person  of  a 
raw  but  intelligent  youth  from  the  Blue- 
coat  school.     The  boy,  not  liking  his  new 
duties,  suddenly  left  without  warning.   Mr. 
Richardson  on  receiving  this  information 
immediately  went  in  pursuit,  inquiring  in 
every  quarter  where  there  was  a  chance  of 
his  hearing  of  the  fugitive.     Amongst  the 
number   was   a   wealthy    relative   of  the 
youth,  who,  on  learning  the  object  of  Mr, 
Richardson's  visit,  abruptly  censured  him 
for  being  at  any  trouble  about  so  **  worth- 
less a  boy."    His  reply  was  characteristic: 
**  I  see  something  about  that  boy  which, 
by  God's  providence,  I  wish  to  bring  out. 
He  is  no  common  boy,  and  find  him  I 
will."     After  many  inquiries  he  did  find 
him,  took  him  to  his  nouse,  and,  after  a 
severe  lecture,  encouraged  him  to  return 
and  become  reconciled  to  his  duties,  with 
a  promise  that  if  he  did  so  he  would  make 
a  man  of  him.    This  promise  he  faithfully 
performed.     The  young  man  was  enabled 
to  go  to  the  university  of  Cambridge,  and 
keep  his  terms,  without  relinquishing  his 
situation  ;  and  that  runaway  boy  is  now  a 
bright  star  of  our  Church,  and  the  Rector 
of  one  of  the  largest  metropolitan  parishes. 
On  another  occasion,  when  Mr.  Rich- 
ardson was  solicited  to  relieve  a  distressed 
and  aged  person,  who  in  early  days  he  had 
slightly  known,  but  who,  from  attending 
to  politics  rather  than  his  business,  was 
reduced  with  his  wife  to  destitution,  a  re- 
lative interfered  with  the  suggestion  that 
so  improvident  a  person  was  unworthy  of 
assistance.    "  Hush,  hush  !"  was  his  reply, 
"  this  is  a  case  of  real  distress :  let  us  first 


relieve  it,  and  then  we  will  disctiBS  its 
merits."  Many  other  such  good  deeds 
might  be  cited ;  and  many  more  there  were 
which  were  known  only  to  **  Him  that 
sceth  in  secret." 

Though  a  member  of  the  Court  of  Ab- 
ststants  of  the  Stationers*  Company,  Mr. 
Richardson  declined  serving  the  office  of 
Master,  judging  that  it  was  incompatible 
with  the  regular  occupation  of  his  time, 
which  we  have  already  described. 

At  his  decease,  his  children,  grand- 
children,  and  great-grandchildren,  num- 
bered from  seventy  to  eighty ;  most  of 
whom  attended  at  his  grave  in  Old  Charl- 
ton church  to  pay  a  last  sad  duty  to  one 
who  through  life  loved  his  Maker  and  his 
neighbours. 

Rev.  Samukl  Rows,  M.A. 

Sept,  15,  1853.  At  Crediton,  aged  60, 
the  Rev.  SamUel  Rowe,  M.A.  Vicar  of 
Crediton,  and  Perpetual  Curate  of  Post- 
bury  St.  Luke. 

Mr.  Rowe  was  originally  a  bookseller 
at  Plymouth,  in  partnership  with  his  bro- 
ther ;  but  having  a  desire  to  enter  the 
church  he  was  encouraged,  by  the  kind- 
ness of  his  friends,  who  raised  a  subscrip- 
tion for  the  purpose,  to  repair  to  the  uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  at  a  later  age  than  is 
customary. 

He  became  a  member  of  Jesus  college, 
and,  having  studied  hard,  he  graduated 
B.A.  1826,  M.A.  1833.  He  was  elected 
to  the  vicarage  of  Crediton,  by  the  twelve 
governors  of  the  church,  in  the  year 
1835,  having  a  majority  of  two  voteA  over 
the  Rev.  Charles  Gregory,  then  Curate ; 
and  at  the  same  time  was  presented  to 
the  neighbouring  chapel  of  St.  Luke*8  at 
Postbury  (also  in  Crediton  parish,)  which 
is  in  the  gift  of  J.  H.  Hippesley,  esq. 

Mr.  Rowe  was  the  author  of  a  guide- 
book entitled  a  "  Panorama  of  Plymouth,** 
published  we  believe  when  he  was  a  book- 
seller. In  1848  he  produced  a  more  im- 
portant work,  entitled  **  A  Perambulation 
in  the  ancient  and  royal  Forest  of  Dart- 
moor.**   8vo. 

He  was  also  the  author  of  *'  An  Appeal 
to  the  Rubric,  in  a  Review  of  the  several 
clauses  of  the  Ritual  Code :  with  sugges- 
tions for  general  uniformity  in  the  public 
services  of  the  United  Church  of  England 
and  Ireland,  1841,"  8vo. :  and  of  a  Churcb 
Psalm  Book,  which  went  through  several 
editions. 

His  parishioners  at  Crediton  highly  ap- 
preciated  his  ministerial  services,  to  which 
he  was  deeply  devoted.  Of  foreign  mis- 
sions he  was  a  zealous  and  warm-hearted 
advocate.  In  1842  his  name  was  an- 
nounced as  likely  to  be  appointed  to  the 
bishoprick  of  Barbados. 


544 


Obituary. — M.  Visconti. 


CMay, 


Nearly  fifty  of  the  neighboariog  clergy 
attended  at  the  funeral  of  Mr.  Rowe,  when 
the  service  was  performed  by  the  Rev. 
James  Deans,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Renwick, 
and  the  Rev.  J.  Ilatchard,  of  Plymouth. 
His  body  was  interred  in  the  churchyard. 

Mr.  Rowe  married  in  1829,  and  has  left 
six  children,  a  son  and  five  daughters. 
The  former  is  now  at  the  university  of 
Oxford. 


M.  Visconti. 

Dee,  29.  At  Paris,  in  his  57th  year, 
M.  Louis  Joachim  Visconti,  Member  of 
the  Institute,  President  of  the  Socidt^  des 
Architectes,  and  an  officer  of  the  Legion 
of  Honour. 

M.  Visconti  was  bom  in  Rome,  where 
his  father,  Ennius  Quirinus  Visconti,  a 
learned  antiquary,  and  a  man  of  great  taste 
in  matters  of  Art,  was  director  of  the 
Museo  Pio  Clementine.  When  the  armies 
of  the  French  Republic  invaded  Italy  and 
stripped  the  country  of  its  richest  treasures, 
at  the  end  of  the  last  century,  the  elder 
Visconti,  with  his  family,  followed  them  to 
Paris,  where,  on  the  re-organisation  of  the 
Institute,  in  1800,  he  was  nominated 
member  of  the  first  class  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Beaux  Arts.  He  died  in  1818, 
after  a  life  laboriously  and  zealously  passed 
in  antiquarian  pursuits. 

The  son  was  placed  under  the  tuition  of 
the  eminent  architect  Percier,  and  whilst 
in  his  pupilage  he  received  five  medals  at 
the  School  of  Architecture,  in  addition  to 
the  Department  prize  in  1814,  and  the 
second  prize  for  the  plan  of  a  library. 
When  twenty-six  years  old  he  left  I'Ecole 
desBeaux-Arts,andwas  employed  for  some 
time  as  an  Inspector  of  Public  Buildings. 
He  then  became  architect- surveyor  of  the 
third  and  eighth  arrondissement^,  the 
duties  of  which  office  he  performed  for 
twenty- two  years.  In  1825  he  was  ap- 
pointed architect  of  the  Grande  Biblio- 
th^que;  and,  returning  to  those  studies 
which  had  witne!«8ed  his  earliest  successes, 
he  devised  no  leas  than  twenty-nine  plans 
for  making  that  edifice  in  harmony  with 
its  importance.  At  one  time  he  thought 
that  he  should  be  at  last  entrusted  with 
the  fulfilment  of  that  noble  task.  That 
hope,  though  dispelled  then,  had  been  re- 
vived of  late  years,  and  he  had  it  still  at 
heart  as  much  as  ever;  because  there,  at 
least,  in  an  independent  design,  he  would 
have  been  able  to  inscribe  his  thoughts,  to 
display  his  invention  and  his  taste  un- 
shackled ;  whereas,  in  the  completion  of 
the  Louvre,  he  was  obliged  to  bring  him- 
self down  to  the  level  of  general  data  and 
to  adopt  even  the  details  devised  by  others. 
Death  has  hindered  him  from  seeing  the 
completion  of  the  Louvre,  but  the  plan 
13 


which  he  has  traced  will  be  followed.  The 
works  were  commenced  in  July,  1852 ;  all 
the  parts  of  this  vast  structare  are  now 
above  ground,  and  that  portion  of  it  whicb 
runs  tdong  the  Rue  de  RiToli,  with  iti 
faqade  at  right  angles,  is  alrmdy  com- 
pleted to  its  full  height.  The  plan  of  M. 
Visconti  has  the  merit  of  simplicity  in  a 
matter  which  has  given  birth  to  many  ex- 
travagant projects.  He  has  iucceeded  in 
concealing  the  difference  of  level  between 
the  two  corridors.  Li  remedying  the  de- 
fect of  parallelism  between  the  two  palaoei, 
it  can  hardly  be  expected  that  tbe  tame 
success  will  be  attained. 

Among  the  great  works  with  which  the 
name  of  M.  Visconti  has  been  aaaodated, 
the  tomb  of  Napoleon  stands  moit  promi- 
nent. The  grants  advanced  to  the  ardii- 
tect  during  the  performance  of  this  taak 
provoked  the  attention  of  those  memben 
of  the  Chamber  who  are  accoatomed  to 
maintain  the  credit  of  France  in  diieos- 
sions  on  the  Budget.  As  a  covering  Ibr 
the  coffin  Visconti  procured  firom  Finland 
an  enormous  block  of  porphyry,  of  wfaieh 
the  French  tavana  could  not  tell  the  name. 
Many  persons  took  pains  to  show  that  fhr 
finer  stone  for  the  purpose  could  hsve 
been  obtained  in  France  at  much  lem 
trouble  and  expense.  But,  although  pro- 
tracted by  such  opposition,  the  work  wai 
accom|)lished  at  last. 

M.  Visconti  was  also  the  architect  of 
various  funeral  monuments  to  generala  of 
the  Empire.  For  example: — thoae  of 
Marshals  Lauriston,  Saint  Cyr,  SndMtt 
Soult,&c.  In  temporary  stmctores  ereetod 
for  public  f^tes,  his  marvellous  fertilltj  of 
invention  was  a  constant  subject  of  adhni* 
ration.  His  faculty  of  conception  and  hie 
great  activity  enabled  him  to  accompliah 
all  those  public  works,  without  nc«lectiDg 
those  of  his  numerous  patrons.  Number- 
less hotels  and  palaces  were  constructed 
from  his  plans.  Among  the  various  monu- 
ments raised  by  him  at  Paris,  those  wlilcb 
attract  most  attention  by  their  elegeneOt 
and  which  will  be  preserved  as  the  b«t 
proof  of  his  taste  and  the  versatility  of  his 
talents,  are  the  three  fountains — Gtailkm, 
Moli^re,  and  De  la  Place  Louvois.  In  the 
fountain  in  the  square  of  Saint  Snlpieet 
the  able  architect  seems  to  have  been  leas 
happily  inspired,  and  not  to  have  im- 
pressed upon  the  work  that  character  of 
majesty  and  dignity  which  tbe  numument 
of  Servandoni  deserved. 

M.  Visconti  was  a  member  of  many  lb- 
reign  learned  and  artistic  sodetiss.  At  the 
Institute  he  belonged  to  the  section  of 
Architecture,  which  consisted  of  only  eight 
members,  five  of  whom  dted  in  1853.  Vis- 
conti was  seised,  on  the  29th  of  Deoembm't 
with  an  attack  of  apoplexy,  caisedf  appni 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Mons,  Rinauard. 


545 


rently,  by  oyerworkiog,  from  which  two 
previoos  attacks,  and  the  remonstrances 
of  his  medical  adfisers,  had  been  nnable 
to  restrain  him. 

His  funeral  obsequies  took  place  on  the 
3rd  Jan.,  at  the  charch  of  St  Philippe- 
du-Roule.  There  was  a  very  crowded 
attendance,  and  all  the  academies  were 
represented  by  deputations.  The  chief 
mourners  were  M.  Yisconti,  jun.,  the  Vis- 
count de  Dodun  de  Kerodan.  son-in-kw 
of  the  deceased,  Viscount  Dodun,  sen., 
and  the  Marquis  Dalan,  also  a  relative. 
The  pall  was  held  by  M.  Raoul  Rochette, 
representing  the  Acadtfmie  des  Beaux 
Arts;  Count  Nieuwerkerke,  Director- 
General  of  the  Musses;  M.  Blanche,  re- 
presenting the  Minister  of  State;  and  M. 
Carystie,  in  the  name  of  the  Eoole  des 
Beaux  Arts.  After  the  ceremony  at  the 
church,  the  body  was  removed  to  the 
cemetery  of  Pdre-la-Chaise.  A  carriaf^e  of 
the  Emperor  followed,  and  his  Majesty 
was  represented  by  M.  Tascher  de  U 
Pagerie.  M.  DuchAtel,  the  ez-Minister, 
was  among  the  distinguished  persons  who 
paid  their  respects  to  the  memory  of  the 
deceased.  At  the  cemetery  funeral  orar 
tions  were  delifered  by  M.  AchiUe  Fould, 
Minister  of  State ;  by  M.  Raoul  Rochette, 
perpetual  Secretary  of  the  Academic  des 
Beaux  Arts ;  M.  Carystie,  on  behalf  of  the 
Council  of  Public  Buildings;  M.  Rohanlt 
de  Fleury,  in  the  name  of  the  Central  So- 
ciety of  Architects ;  and  M.  Hittorf,  of  the 
Institute. 

The  cabinet  of  M.  Visconti,  consisting 
of  objects  of  virHi  of  great  rariety,  pic- 
tures, drawings,  engrarings,  &c.  &c.,  has 
recently  been  sold  in  Paris.  These  works 
of  art  were  mostly  collected  by  the  elder 
Visconti,  and  were  considered  of  great 
value. 


MoNS.  Rknodard. 

Dtc.  — .  At  Paris,  aged  98,  Moni. 
Antoine  Augustin  R^nouard,  the  eminent 
bibliographer. 

M.  R^nouard  was  bom  at  Paris  in  1756. 
He  was  originally  a  manufacturer  of  gauxe 
in  that  city ;  and  whilst  so  occupied  he 
wrote  and  published  in  1790  '*  Reflexions 
8ur  las  fabriques  nationales  et  sur  celles 
des  gazes  en  particulier,*'  and  an  ''Essai 
sur  les  moyens  de  rendre  lesbarriiresvM- 
tablement  avantageux  au  oommerce,  tant 
interieur  qu'ext^rieur  ?  Par  M.  R  .  .  .  ., 
fabricant  de  gaze." 

In  Oct.  1793  he  rendered  his  first  great 
service  to  literature.  The  insane  hostility 
towards  every  insnimate  souvenir  of  former 
times  which  then  infected  the  French 
Government  had  brought  them  to  the 
opinion  that  it  was  a  scandalous  thing  to 
offend  any  longer  the  eyes  of  good  Re- 

Gknt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


publicans  by  the  many  thamefnl  marks  of 
former  servitude  that  remained  in  the 
public  libraries  of  Paris  and  the  depart- 
ments. It  was  consequently  deemed  ne- 
cessary to  change  the  binding  of  all  books 
bearing  arms  or  fleurs-de-lis,  to  remove 
armorial  engravings,  and  all  dedications  to 
kings  or  princes ;  and  in  short  to  mutilate 
most  thoroughly  some  of  the  finest  literary 
monuments.  M.  Rinouard,  having  timely 
warning  of  the  coming  storm,  determined 
if  possible  to  arrest  it :  and  immediately 

Sennad  a  remonstrance,  which  (his  frienda 
IM.  Arm.  Charlemagne  and  Chardin 
having  consented  to  add  their  signatoree,) 
was  printed  under  the  title  of  '*  Obi«rva- 
tions  de  quelques  patriotes  sur  la  nictmM 
de  conserver  les  monuments  dela  litt^rature 
et  des  arts."  In  the  coarse  of  twenty- 
four  hours  these  observations  were  printed 
at  the  press  of  M.  Didot,  and  circidated 
to  every  public  establishment  of  Paris  and 
to  each  of  the  members  of  the  Conven- 
tion. This  measure,  which  might  have 
cost  the  three  patriots  their  heads,  pro- 
duced an  unhoped-for  effect,  and  on  the 
motion  of  Thibant  and  Chenler,  the  paper 
was  referred  to  the  Comit^  d'lnstmctioii 
Publique;  and  happily  it  converted  the 
mania  of  destruction  into  a  passion  for 
preserving  and  collecting.  Not  content 
with  his  immediate  success,  M.  R^ouard, 
fearful  least  the  conservative  decree  should 
make  too  tardy  a  circulation  in  the  pro- 
vinces, hsd  it  printed  at  his  own  cost,  and 
was  thus  the  means  of  arresting  many  an 
act  of  vandalism. 

It  was  shortly  after  this  period  that  be 
became  a  bookseller.  In  that  profession 
he  was  eminent  both  as  a  dealer  in  old 
books  and  as  a  publisher.  He  commenoed 
his  publications  in  1794  by  editing  "  Au- 
doeni  Epigrammate "  in  two  volumes 
ISmo.  In  1795  he  published  "Lacani 
Pharsalia"  in  folio;  and  oommeneed  a 
series  of  Latin  dsssioi  which  when  oom- 
Dieted  formed  thirty  volumes  in  octevo. 
He  afterwards  produced  various  editionB 
of  some  of  the  best  Frendi  autluxrs,  as 
Berquin  (in  20  vols.  8vo.),  Pascal,  Mat* 
sillon,  de  la  Rouchefoucanld,  5bC.  &c. 

His  bibliographical  labours  commenced 
as  early  as  1795,  when  he  produced  a 
*' Catalogue  dra  livrei  imprimte  par 
J.  B.  Bodoni." 

In  1803  appeared,  in  two  volumes  %wo^ 
the  first  edition  of  his  *' Annales  de  Plm- 
primerie  des  Aides,**  containing  the  history 
of  the  press  of  the  three  celebrated  printen 
who  successively  bore  the  name  of  Ifann- 
tius  Aldus.  To  this  work  M.  Rinouard 
added  a  Supplement  In  1812 ;  which  wae 
superseded  oy  a  second  edition  of  the 
work,  hi  3  vols.  8vo.  1825 ;  and  by  a  third 
in  1834.  Uniformly  with  the  last  he  printed 

4A 


546 


Obituary. — Silvio  Pellico. 


[May, 


some  letters  of  Paolo  Manuzio,  from  his 
autographs  in  the  Ambrosian  Library;  and 
also  **  Un  Parell6Ie  d'Alde  PAncien  et 
d'Henri  Estienne,"  in  8  pages. 

In  1837  and  1838  M.  R^nonard  pro- 
duced a  correspondent  work  on  the  press 
of  the  family  of  Etienne,  or  the  Stephani ; 
and  in  the  latter  year  he  also  published  a 
**  Note  snr  Laurent  Coster,"  the  6ld 
printer  of  the  Low  Countries,  8to.  pp.  16. 

In  1819  he  issued,  in  four  volumes  8vo. 
an  annotated  catalogue  of  the  choicest 
books  in  his  own  collection,  under  the  title 
of  ''Catalogue  de  la  Biblioth^que  d'un 
amateur,  avec  des  notes  bibliographiques, 
critiques,  et  litteraires." 

M.  R^nouard's  collection  of  the  works 
of  Aldus  was  brought  to  England  for  sale 
in  the  year  1828,  and  was  dispersed  by  the 
hammer  of  Mr.  Efans  in  Pall  Mall.  It 
consisted  of  1,038  articles,  and  the  gross 
produce  was  3,704/.  Is.  Dr.  Dibdin  (in 
the  second  edition  of  his  Continental  Tour) 
terms  it "  a  surprisingly  prosperous  sale ;  ** 
adding,  **  I  would  venture  to  stake  n  good 
round  sum  that  no  one  individual  was 
more  surprised  at  this  prosperous  result 
than  the  owner  of  the  library  himself.*' 

Dr.  Dibdin  enumerates  and  describes 
some  of  the  most  remarkable  books  which 
he  saw  in  M.  R^nouard's  possession  in 
1818  ;  particularly  a  copy  of  the  Orations 
of  Cicero,  printed  by  Valderfer  at  Venice 
in  1471  ;  the  Aldine  Petrarch  of  1514, 
8vo.  which  produced  68/.  \bs,  dd.  at  the 
sale  above-mentioned,  and  was  purchased 
by  Sir  John  Thorold  ;  and  the  first  Aldine 
Aristotle,  which  was  sold  for  40/.,  and, 
having  been  purchased  by  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Thomas  Grenville,  is  now  in  the  British 
Museum. 

Dr.  Dibdin,  in  his  bibliographical  tour 
to  France,  &c.  in  1818,  visited  M.  R^nou- 
ard  at  his  house  of  business,  in  the  Rue 
St.  Andr^  des  Arts.  He  was  then  engaged 
in  an  edition  of  the  works  of  Voltaire, 
which  was  afterwards  completed  in  60 
volames,  8vo.,  and  was  more  complete 
than  any  previous  edition  of  that  author. 
(See  Dibdin's  Library  Companion,  1824, 
p.  771.) 

M.  R^nouard  is  described  by  Dr.  Dibdin 
as  "  a  man  of  quick  movements,  of  acute 
perceptions,  of  unremitting  ardour  and 
activity  of  mind  und  body — constantly  en- 
gaged in  his  business,  managing  a  very 
extensive  correspondence,  and  personally 
known  to  the  most  distinguished  collectors 
of  Italy." 

After  tlie  Revolution  of  1830  he  offici- 
ated for  some  years  as  Mayor  of  the  11th 
arrondissement  of  Paris.  His  eldest  son, 
Augustin  Charles,  an  advocate,  became  a 
deputy  after  the  Revolution  of  1830 ;  he 
obtained  a  gold  mclal  in  1818  for  a  work 


entitled  "Elements  de  la  Mortle,"  and 
afterwards  produced  Tariont  other  works. 
Another  son,  Paul,  a  printer  in  Paris,  wss 
employed  in  producing  his  father's  public 
cations  in  1835,  or  before;  and  a  third, 
Jules,  succeeded  his  fiatber  as  a  bookseller. 

Silvio  Pellico. 

Jan,  1.  At  the  villa  of  the  Marehesa 
Barolo,  Moncaglleri,  near  Torin,  aged  65 1 
the  far  celebrated  Silvio  PelUoo. 

He  was  a  native  of  Saluees  in  Piedmont. 
His  father,  Honorato  Pellico^  who  bdd 
a  situation  in  the  Piedmontese  Post-offleo, 
had  courted  the  Mnses  with  some  saceeasi 
aAd  Silvio's  brother,  Lnig|i  Pdlico,  rose 
to  note  as  a  popular  writer  of  sobIs 
dramas  in  verse.  From  his  earliest  bc^- 
hood,  Silvio  evinced  a  taste  and  talent  for 
tragic  composition ;  and  he  and  his  brothsTf 
when  youths,  used  to  recite  thdr  efliiiions 
OB  a  little  stage,  which  they  had  eoa- 
structed  in  their  father*s  house.  Ho- 
norato Pellico  was  removed  to  ths  post- 
office  at  Turin :  here  his  sons  also  resMsd 
with  him — his  family  bound  together  by 
the  closest  ties  of  sympathy  and  affeetisfa. 
After  accompanying  his  mother  on  a  vMt 
to  a  cousin  in  France,  Silvio  Pellico  left 
his  home  to  settle  at  Milan,  where  he  was 
tutor  in  the  family  of  Count  Porro,  and 
his  brilliant  verse  soon  established  Mb  r^ 
putation.  In  1819,  he  published  Iris 
magnificent  tragedy  of  "Franceses  da* 
Rimini  ;'*  and  in  the  same  year  he  trans- 
lated his  friend  Lord  Byron^s  **  Manfred. '* 
He  now  took  rank  among  the  Irigbast 
dramatic  poets  of  his  day,  when  nnfortn- 
nately,  not  content  with  the  honoars  of  a 
bard,  he  engaged  in  politics  as  well  as 
verse — a  dangerous  venture  under  the 
Austrian  rule  that  weighs  upon  Italy. 
The  imperial  Government  forbade  the  re- 
presentation of  Pellico's  tragedy  of  '*  En- 
femio  di  Messina ; ''  and,  moved  by  this, 
Pellico  set  up  a  Liberal  journal,  entitled 
The  Conciliator,  in  which,  aided  by  other 
literary  free  spirits,  he  sought  to  rodss  Italy 
to  her  regeneration.  The  Government  soon 
suppressed  the  paper  ;  and  then  PelHeo  vi* 
doubtedly  became  a  party  to  a  deep-liM 
and  formidable  conspiracy  agsiast  tte 
Emperor.  In  1831  be  was  arrested,  and 
condemned  to  death  at  the  same  time  as 
Count  Gonfalonieri  and  many  others.  Prom 
this  moment,  the  story  of  his  life  is  reeor* 
ded  in  '*  Le  Mie  Prigioni.**  Tbe  seeaes  in 
the  palace  at  Venice,  and  theawfnl  moment 
when  he  was  brought  out  for  execution, 
are  not  likely  to  be  unremembered  by  any 
reader.  His  sentence  was  ultimately  eom- 
mute<l  to  fifteen  years*  Imprisonment,  In 
earcere  duro,  at  Spielburg.  A  gaol  is  ever 
a  terrible  place;  but  in  Anstrfa  it  is«  of 
necessity,  more  terrible  than 


1854.]     Obituary. — Tommato  OrassL-^GiambaiHiia  Ruhmi.    647 


Austria  has  no  penal  settlements  $  its  Qo- 
vernment  avoids,  as  much  as  possible,  in- 
flicting the  punishment  of  death,  and,  con- 
sequently, with  part  of  its  population  ever 
about  to  be  insurgent,  it  is  obliged  to  in- 
crease the  pains  and  terrors  of  incaroeni- 
tion.  Pellico  was  a  lamentable  viotim  of 
this  system ;  his  long  seclusion  and  suffer- 
ings within  the  dread  walls  of  8pidbiirg, 
away  from  his  parents,  and  brothers  and 
sisters,  whom  he  loved  so  dearly,  would, 
in  any  account,  have  excited  feelings  of  the 
deepest  commiseration ;  but  his  own  na* 
rative  has  proclaimed  his  protracted  agony 
to  the  world  with  appalling  and  unci^rhig 
effect.  "  Mie  Prigioni "  has  been  trans« 
lated  into  every  language  of  Europe.  Hie 
translation  into  English,  by  Roscoe,  was 
published  in  London  1832. 

Pellico  regained  his  freedom  in  Aug.  1830, 
by  the  amnesty  then  extended  to  politioal 
offenders.  On  his  release  he  settled  in 
Turin,  and  had  been  almost  ever  since  em- 
ployed  as  librarian  in  the  house  of  the  Mar- 
chesa  Barolo  ;  to  whom  it  was  said  a  year 
or  two  since  that  he  was  married^--a  report 
which  the  poet  indignantly  denied  as  ca- 
lumnious to  the  character  of  the  lady. 
During  his  residence  in  Piedmont  he  had 
the  satisfaction  of  receiving  two  tokens  of 
homage — the  flrst  was  the  dedication  to 
him  by  Gioberti  of  his  great  work  on 
Italy,  as  **  the  first  of  Italian  patriots,*'  and 
the  other,  the  decoration  of  St.  Maurice. 

Of  genius  the  most  highly  gifted,  of  dis- 
position gentle  and  benevolent  in  the  ex- 
treme, affable,  virtuous,  and  honourable, 
Silvio  Pellico  was  the  delight  and  charm  of 
all  who  knew  him.  Sad  it  is  to  think  that 
such  a  man  should  have  been  the  subject 
of  such  sufferings  and  sorrow. 

TOMMASO  GrOSSI. 

Dec»  10.  At  Florence,  aged  65,  Tom- 
maso  Grossi,  the  poet. 

Next  to  Manzoni,  Grossi  was  ranked  as 
the  most  distinguished  author  of  modem 
Italy.  His  principal  works  are  '*«  The 
Lombards  at  the  Vint  Crusade,"  and 
**  Marco  Visconti,"  of  which  an  English 
translation  was  published  in  London,  in 
two  vols.  12mo.  1845.  He  also  wrote 
"  La  Pioggia  d'Oro  et  la  Fuggltive," 
poems  in  the  Milanese  dialect.  182i2. 
12mo. 

After  attaining  great  poetical  distinc- 
tion, he  adopted  the  somewhat  unconge- 
nial calling  of  a  notary,  and  in  that  capa- 
city, in  the  year  1848,  he  had  the  satisnio- 
tioQ  of  drawing  up  the  deed  by  which — 
though  unfortunately  only  for  a  short 
time— a  union  was  effected  between  Lom- 
bardy  and  Piedmont.  He  did  not,  how- 
ever, take  any  very  active  interest  in 
politics. 


Grossi  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Man- 
loni  and  of  Massimo  d'Azaglio,  and  wa# 
as  much  beloved  fbr  the  suavi^  of  his  di§- 
position  and  agreeable  manners  as  ad* 
mired  for  his  literary  talents. 

GlAMBATTlSTA  RUBINI. 

March  9.  At  Romans,  in  the  provinte 
of  Bergamo,  in  his  59th  year,  Signor 
Giambattista  Rubioi,  once  the  greatest  of 
tenor  ringers. 

Rubini  was  bom  on  tbt  7th  of  April, 
1795.  His  fkther  was  a  professional  m«- 
■ieian  and  teacher  of  mnsio.  He  eom- 
menced  his  musical  career  by  playing  Uit 
▼iolhi  in  the  church  of  Romano,  and  waa 
pfonounoed  not  to  possess  the  ^aalitioB 
requisite  for  a  singer,  by  a  certain  "  Don 
Santo,  priest  and  organist,  of  Adro,  near 
Brescia,"  in  whose  hands  he  was  placed 
for  instraction.  His  father,  however,  did 
not  accept  this  sentoioe ;  he  eontrived  in 
tome  measure  to  teach  the  boy  himself, 
and  brou^t  him  out  at  the  age  of  twelvat 
like  the  Kynasttms  of  Shadupere's  stagey 
in  a  female  part. 

In  1815  h»  was  engaged  at  Naples,  at  a 
nodest  salary,  and  his  reputatien  continued 
to  increase  until  he  went  to  Paris  in  1835. 
There  he  obtained  triumphant  sooeess  in 
the  Cenerentola,  Donna  del  Lago,  Gaiaa 
Ladra,  and  Otello ;  and  in  a  short  time 
after  he  became  the  acknowledged  **  King 
of  Tenors  "  not  only  in  Paris,  but  at  Lon- 
don, St.  Petersburg,  and  in  other  parts  of 
Europe.  His  brightest  years  were  those 
divided  between  Ix)ndon  and  Paris,  when 
he  formed  one  of  the  quartett  with  Madama 
Grisi,  Signori  Lablache  and  Tamborinif 
his  most  lucrative  professional  days  were 
possibly  those  last  ones  spent  in  St.  PMera- 
Durg,  where  tlie  Csar,  to  do  lUm  hononr, 
made  him  Colonel  of  a  rq^ent.  For 
several  years  preceding  1831  he  reoeivad 
only  comparatively  small  portions  of  his 
earnings — the  remainder  going  to  an  Itap 
lian  speculator,  who  had,  so  to  speak, 
leased  him  for  a  certain  period  at  a  fijud 
rate ;  but  of  late  years  his  receipts  averaged 
8000/.  per  annum.  Being  of  a  very  par* 
simonions  habit,  he  has  left  behind  him  a 
fortune  estimated  at  90,0001. 

How  great  an  artist  he  was  it  is  diffioolt 
to  convey  in  a  few  words,  and  this  not  only 
because  his  greatness  belonged  to  the  ope* 
ratio  style  of  a  past  generation,  but  becaiue 
it  was  accompanied  by  certain  qoalitias 
which  the  changed  taste  of  onr  day  pro- 
tests agahnst  (and  not  unfeiriy)  as  to  many 
defects.  He  was  one  of  the  moat  aecoaa- 
pUshed  vocalists  ever  heard,  the  instinct 
for  singing  having  been  in  his  case  per* 
fected  by  consummate  study  and  practice 
of  the  art.  His  production  of  tone,  his 
management  of  breath,  hia  nnlwritari«g 


548 


Madame  H,  Berlioz, — Mr,  G,  P,  Harding. 


CMay, 


certainty  iu  the  command  of  interval,  his 
power  of  using  falsetto  and  natural  voice 
alternately,  are  things  which  in  the  present 
epoch  of  crude,  bawling  vehemence  and 
inflexibility  seem  like  so  many  lost  arts. 
Further,  when  his  voice  began  to  give  way, 
Rubini  managed  to  produce  his  most  ex- 
quisite effects ;  and  to  set  forth  his  indi- 
viduality by  absolutely  turning  defect  and 
decay  to  account.  His  striking  contrasts 
of  piano  with  Jbrte  are  to  be  dated  from 
the  time  when  he  could  no  longer  com- 
mand a  steady  mezza  voce.  But  though 
boundless  in  accomplishment,  Rubini  was 
impeachable  in  point  of  taste.  His  love 
of  ornament  was  frequently  more  remark- 
able than  either  his  variety  or  his  propriety 
in  ornament.  At  times  these  displays 
were  almost  repulsive ;  but  the  artist  could 
always  fascinate  his  audience  back  into 
good  humour. 

Again,  when  undertaking  an  opera, 
Rubini  seemed  unable  to  study  his  part 
as  a  whole,  but  reserved  himself  for  a  few 
points,  such  as  a  eavatina,  a  burst  in  a 
jfinalCf  or  the  like ;  in  this  inferior  to  Du- 
prez,  who,  though  finishing  highly  also, 
was  always  en  scene,  in  one  act  preparing 
for  the  next,  and  linking  passage  to  passage 
with  unparagoned  dramatic  vigour  and 
fervour.  Yet  who  ever  got  so  much  out 
of  "that  eavatina,''  "that  burst,"  "those 
bars  of  recitative,'*  as  Rubini?  He  was 
homely  in  presence;  as  an  actor,  null;  as 
a  declaimcr,  capricious,  negligent,  and 
unsatisfying;  and  yet  on  the  stage  he  was 
always  acceptable,  because  of  the  passion, 
and  warmth,  and  tenderness,  and  wondrous 
artistic  finish  of  his  singing,  when  he  chose 
to  put  them  forth.  Uis  unquestioned  and 
universal  popularity  explains  the  well- 
known  reply  of  Madame  Mara,  who,  to 
some  one  reproaching  her  with  her  motion- 
lessuess,  as  Queen  Rodelinda,  replied, 
"  Would  you  have  me  sing  with  my  arms 
and  legs?  What  I  cannot  do  with  my 
voice,  1  will  not  do  at  all." 

As  a  man,  Rubini  was  singularly  insipid; 
a  certain  bonhommie  of  manner,  with  which 
his  idolators  were  fain  to  content  them- 
selves, being  accompanied  by  a  quiet  par- 
simonious love  of  money,  such  as  is  not 
the  rule  among  the  opera  queens  and  kings 
of  Italy. 

He  married,  many  years  ago,  Mdlle. 
Chomel,  a  French  lady,  who  sang  in  the 
Italian  opera-houses  as  La  ComeUi.  We 
believe  that  he  has  left  no  family,  nor 
any  pupils,  on  whom  a  small  part  even  of 
his  mantle  can  have  fallen. — Chiefly  from 
The  Athen<Bum, 


Madamk  II.  Bbrlioz. 
Lately.   At  her  residence  at  Montmartre 
near  Paris,  Madame  H.  Berlioz,  wife  of 


the  eminent  musical  compoaer  and  critic 
of  that  name. 

She  was  many  years  ago  well  known  on 
the  London  stage  as  Miia  Smttlison. 
Having  previously  performed  in  the  pro* 
vinces  and  at  Dublin,  aho  came  from  the 
latter  sphere  to  Drury  lane,  and  made  her 
debut  as  Letitia  Hardy  in  The  Belle'a 
Stratagem,  on  the  20th  Jan.  1818.  Haring 
been  well  received,  she  asanmed  on  the 
26th  Feb.  following  the  character  of  Ladj 
Racket  in  Three  Weeks  after  Marriage, 
and  displayed  great  spirit  in  the  put. 
In  the  height  of  her  reputation  she  accom- 
panied Kean  and  an  English  company  to 
Paris.  There  she  obtained  immenae  suc- 
cess by  her  performance  of  Ophelia  and 
Desdemona,  and  this  success  not  a  little 
aided  in  promoting  the ''  romantic  "  move- 
ment which  had  then  vigoronaly  com- 
menced in  literature  and  art,  in  opposition 
to  the  stilted  pragmatical  school  called  by 
the  French  **  classic."  It  was  her  acting, 
in  fact,  which  revealed  to  Frederick  Le- 
maitre,  Madame  Dorval,  and  others,  that 
new  style  in  which  they  subsequently  took 
the  town  by  storm.  In  Paria  she  made 
the  acquaintance  of  Berliox,  and,  having 
married  him,  she  abandoned  the  stage. 

Ma.  G.  P.  Hakdino. 

Dee.  23.  At  Hercules  Buildings,  Lam- 
beth, Mr.  George  Perfect  Harding,  artist. 

From  the  line  of  art  pursued  by  this 
gentleman  it  might  be  supposed  that  he 
was  of  the  same  family  as  Edward  and 
Silvester  Harding,  formerly  of  Pall  Mall, 
the  publishers  of  the  IllustrstionB  of 
Shakespeare,  and  of  the  Biographical 
Mirrour,  a  series  of  portraits,  acoom« 
panied  with  memoirs,  which  appeared  in 
the  years  1 795-1803.  In  the  third  toIbom 
of  the  latter  work  we  find  one  plate 
etched  by  G.  P.  Harding— that  of  EaCher 
Inglis,  published  in  the  year  1801;  bat, 
from  inquiries  made  in  various  qnarten, 
we  are  inclined  to  believe  that  he  waa  no 
relation  to  the  publishers. 

During  the  greater  part  of  his  liCs 
Mr.  George  Perfect  Harding  was  engaged 
in  copying  ancient  portraits  in  water* 
colours,  in  which  pursuit  he  visited  many 
of  the  principal  mansions  of  the  no- 
bility, as  Woburn,  Althorp,  Castle  Ashbv, 
Gorhambury,  Hatfield,  Cashiobnry,  Cob- 
ham,  Knowie,  Penshurst,  Laton,  Wresftv 
Hinchingbroke,  Wroxton,  Strawbeny- 
hill,  and  several  others :  besides  the  mora 
public  galleries,  the  royal  palsoesy  the  col- 
lege halls  at  the  universities,  those  of  the 
City  companies,  &c.  &c.  His  aim  waa 
always  a  minute  and  fiiithfiil  tranacript* 
not  merely  of  the  features,  but  of  tiie  oot- 
tume  and  other  accessories  of  the  pictm. 
Too  many  of  our  engraved  portnite  an 


1854.] 


OBiTUARY^-*-Captotfi  Warner* 


M9 


only  partial  copies  of  their  originals,  the 
minutise  of  costume  or  of  the  backgroand 
being  slighted,  from  an  inclination  to  eco- 
nomise time,  trouble,  or  expense;  and 
Tery  often  a  whole-length  has  been  re- 
duced to  a  half-length,  or  to  a  mere  head. 
In  this  respect  Harding  directly  differed 
from  his  namesake  (but  also  no  relation) 
Harding  the  bookseller,  who  published 
that  great  book,  so  magnificent  in  its  ori- 
ginal form,  and  so  largely  successful  be- 
yond its  intrinsic  merits — Lodge's  Illus- 
trious Portraits.  At  an  early  stage  of  this 
work  there  was  a  n^ociation  between  the 
two  Hardings  for  the  supply  of  subjects, 
but  it  came  to  no  effect,  partly,  in  all 
probability,  because  the  publisher,  who 
was  not  liberal,  would  not  accede  to  the 
artists*  terms,  but  partly  also,  as  Mr.  6. 
P.  Harding  assured  us,  because  the  artist 
would  not  submit  to  the  mutilation  of  the 
pictures  required  by  the  publisher,  who 
chose  that  all  the  subjects  should  be 
brought  to  a  nearly  uniform  scale,  and  con- 
sequently, if  wholC'lengths,  be  shorn  of 
some  of  their  most  interesting  features. 

In  the  year  1840  the  success  of  the 
Camden  Society  and  of  others  for  the  pro- 
duction of  curious  books  upon  the  prin- 
ciple of  joint-stock  subscription,  suggested 
the  formation  of  a  similar  association  for 
the  multiplication  of  English  Historical 
Portraits;  and  it  was  established  under 
the  name  of  the  Granger  Society,  in  allu- 
sion to  the  author  of  the  Biog^phical 
History  of  England.  The  substance  of 
its  first  prospectus  will  be  found  in  our 
Magazine  for  Nov.  1840.  The  collection 
of  copies  already  made  by  Mr.  Harding 
offered  materials  for  some  years  to  come. 
There  was,  however,  some  mismanage- 
ment in  the  conduct  of  this  scheme.  Some 
difficulties,  we  imagine,  arose  from  Hard- 
ing himself,  who  was  inclined  to  assume 
that  the  society  was  to  deal  with  himself 
alone.  But  the  great  error,  we  think,  was 
that  the  Council  submitted  to  his  sugges- 
tion of  engraving  all  their  productions 
"  in  the  best  style  of  art,"  and  conse- 
quently at  a  high  rate  of  cost,  instead  of 
at  the  same  time  commencing  a  secondary 
series  of  prints  of  an  inferior  class,  but  in 
the  collector's  phrase  "  usefuP*  for  histo- 
rical illustration,  which  would  have  gra- 
tified the  members  with  a  return  propor- 
tioned to  their  subscriptions,  llie  iiranger 
Society  subsisted  for  little  more  than  two 
years,  and  produced  some  very  interesting 
prints,  which  were  excellently  engraved  by 
Messrs.  W.  Greatbach  and  Joseph  Brown. 

Upon  its  cessation  Mr.  Harding  pur- 
sued the  same  plan  by  private  subscrip- 
tion, which  he  continued  for  about  five 
years,  at  one  pound  per  annum.  In  this 
way  he  produced  fifteen  more  portraits. 


which  are  also  engraved  by  Messrs. 
Greatbach  and  Brown,  and  the  pktet  of 
which  are  now  the  pro^perty  of  Mr.  Hol- 
loway,  of  Bedford-street,  Covent  Gardeo. 

B^des  these  publications,  Mr.  Harding 
fiimished  the  portraits  to  some  of  the 
most  important  works  of  historical  biogra- 
phy, sudi  as  those  by  Mr.  Jesse,  &c. 

One  of  his  series  (at  an  earlier  period) 
was  that  of  the  Deans  of  Westminster, 
collected  to  accompany  their  memoirs 
in  Neale  and  Brayley's  History  of  West- 
minster Abbey,  18SS-3:  and  coniistiiig 
of  eighteen  plates.  The  portrait  of  the 
actual  dean.  Dr.  Ireland,  was  drawn  firom 
the  life  by  Mr.  Harding :  and  he  engraved 
that  derived  from  the  monumental  brass 
of  Dean  Bill.  The  remainder  were  exe- 
cuted by  other  artists. 

Shordy  after,  he  delineated  the  andent 
oil-paintings  and  all  the  sepulchral  brasses 
remaining  in  Westminster  Abber,  and 
pnblidied  them  in  1825,  as  a  sequel  to  the 
work  just  mentioned,  with  descriptions 
written  by  the  late  Blr.  Thomas  Monle, 
F.S.A. 

To  that  gentleman  he  was  agahi  indebted 
for  the  memoirs  whidi  accompany  his 
series  of  historical  portraits;  and  also 
for  the  heraldic  embellishments  which 
adorn  a  manuscript  book  on  the  Princes 
of  Wales,  of  whidi  he  printed  a  descrip- 
tion in  1828,  8vo.  (and  twelve  copies  in 
quarto),  and  which  was  subsequently  pur- 
chased by  her  Majesty. 

For  some  years  Mr.  Harding  was  a 
Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  but 
he  retired  in  consequence  of  reduced 
means.  At  an  advanoiBd  period  of  life  he 
married  a  young  woman,  and  had  a  nume- 
rous family.  From  his  prices  being  high, 
and  his  patrons  in  a  great  degree  supplkd 
with  his  productions,  his  drawings  bad 
accumulated  upon  his  hands,  and  hii 
chief  resource  in  his  latter  yesrs  wastbe 
forced  sale  of  a  portion  of  his  stock  by 
auction.  We  remember  one  if  not  more 
of  these  sales  at  Christie's,  and  two  by 
Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson.  The 
last  was  only  a  few  months  before  his 
death,  and  we  believe  it  made  a  final  clear- 
ance of  the  artist's  productions.  One  of 
his  most  highly  finished  works,  a  copy  of 
the  great  picture  of  the  Clifford  femily  at 
Skipton  CasUe  (which  is  very  hidifferentlT 
engraved  in  Whitaker's  History  of  Craven) 
was  sold  to  W.  D.  Christie,  esq.  (formerly 
M.P.  for  Weymouth),  for  81/. 

There  is  a  small  portrait  of  Mr.  Hard- 
ing, engraved  by  Mr.  Joseph  Brown,  horn 
a  likeness  painted  by  himself  in  1826. 

Captain  WARMsm. 
Dec.  5.    At  Bloomlleld  Terraoe,  Pim- 
lico,  Mr.  Samvfl  Alfired  Warner,  Maitar 


550 


Obituary. — Captain  Warner*, 


[May, 


R.N.,  commonly  called  "Captain  War- 
ner," well-known  for  bis  boasted  inven- 
tions of  certain  warlike  projectiles,  and  of 
**  the  long  range.'* 

Mr.  Warner  was,  we  believe,  a  native 
of  Kent,  the  son  of  William  Warner, 
master  mariner.  According  to  bis  own 
story,  bis  father  was  master  of  the 
Nautilus,  a  vessel  which  for  about  four 
years  was  hired  by  the  Secretary  of 
State,  and  employed  under  Lord  Castle- 
reagh  in  landing  spies  :  and  when  so  en- 
gaged, towards  the  end  of  the  war.  Cap- 
tain Warner  (as  he  asserted)  sank  two 
privateers  by  his  "invisible  shells,"  one 
off  Folkestone,  and  the  other  in  St  Valery 
Bay.  This  story  his  been  regarded  as 
bearing  very  much  of  a  Munchausen  com- 
plexion, inasmuch  as  these  achievements, 
if  they  took  place,  were  kept  perfectly 
secret  at  the  time.  Besides,  no  trace 
could  be  found  of  the  government  having 
hired  any  such  vessel.  Moreover,  in  the 
very  same  breath,  when  examined  by  a 
commission  in  1847,  Captain  Warner 
stated  that  he  had  satisfied  himself  of  the 
powers  of  his  invisible  shells  for  about 
twenty-seven  or  twenty-eight  years,  which 
would  go  back  only  to  the  year  1819  at 
furthest. 

His  invention  of  the  Long  Range  he 
placed  about  twelve  years  before  the  time 
of  his  examination, — that  is,  in  18.35. 

On  the  I9th  February,  1841,  an  experi- 
ment of  his  shell  was  made  in  the  grounds 
of  Mr.  Boyd,  in  Essex,  in  the  presence  of 
Sir  Robert  Peel,  Sir  George  Murray,  Sir 
Henry  Ilardinge,  Sir  Francis  Burdett, 
Viscount  Ingestre,  Colonel  Gurwood,  and 
others.  A  large  boat  twenty-three  feet 
long,  which  had  been  filled  in  with  solid 
timber,  was  suddenly  struck  as  with  light- 
ning, and  scattered  into  a  thousand  frag- 
ments. 

On  the  24th  July,  1844,  a  more  public 
exhibition  of  this  wonderful  invention 
came  off  before  Brighton.  On  this  occa- 
sion the  whole  population  of  that  large 
town  was  gathered  along  tlie  beach.  The 
ship  destined  for  destruction  was  the  John 
o'  Gaunt,  of  300  tons  measurement,  given 
for  the  purpose  by  Messrs.  Soames.  She 
was  towed  from  Shoreham  to  a  point 
nearly  opposite  the  Fort,  from  whence  a 
signal  was  given,  and  immediately  the 
vessel  was  seen  to  turn  on  its  side,  a 
stream  of  water  and  smoke  to  issue  from 
its  hold,  and  its  masts  to  fall  off,  when  it 
instantly  went  down.  Its  parts  were  sub- 
sequently washed  on  shore,  and  it  was 
found  to  have  been  nearly  cut  in  two. 
Mr.  Warner  professed  to  have  discharged 
his  missile  from  the  steamer  which  towed 
the  ship.  The  experiment,  however,  was 
not  considered  satisfieurtory,  inasmuch  as 


the  intended  victim  had  been  in  tiie  hands 
of  his  own  men,  and  nobody  could  be  rare 
how  far  it  had  not  been  prepared  for  tiie 
catastrophe. 

Some  three  years  before  this  second  ex- 
periment took  place  the  invention  had 
been  investigated  by  a  commission  ap- 
pointed by  Government,  and  consisdng 
of  Sir  Howard  Douglas,  Sir  Byam  Martin^ 
Colonel  Chaloner,  and  Captain  Cliads,  who 
had  pronoanced  decidedly  against  it ;  and 
when  Captain  Warner  claimed  the  good 
opinion  of  Admiral  Sir  Edward  Owen, 
then  absent  in  the  Mediterranean,  the 
latter,  on  hearing  of  his  assertion,  wrote 
to  say  that  there  was  no  differenoe  of  opi- 
nion between  himself  and  Sir  Howard 
Douglas,  but  that  the  proposition  of  Mr. 
Warner  "appeared  to  him  to  contain 
nothing  more  than  an  unusaal  share  of 
the  most  barefaced  charlatanerie.*'  In  a 
speech  made  in  the  House  of  Commons  on 
the  25th  June,  1847,  Sir  Howard  Douglas 
described  the  destruction  of  the  John 
o'  Gaunt  as  "  a  trick  of  the  same  class  ss 
the  blowing-up  of  the  punt  on  the  fish- 
pond, which  consisted  merely  of  shells 
sunk  and  anchored  under  tlie  water,  and  a 
long  rope  attached  to  the  punt,  which  at 
a  signal  given  was  drawn  by  a  team  of 
horses,  and  which  on  striking  the  compo* 
sition  blew  up  the  vessel.  The  destruction 
of  the  John  o'  Gaunt  was  just  the  ssmSi 
except  that  a  steamer  was  employed  in« 
stead  of  the  team  of  horses." 

Sir  Howard  Douglas  took  the  opportu- 
nity to  make  this  statement  in  the  course 
of  an  explanation  which  be  gave  of  Mr« 
Warner's  **  long  range.'*  This,  in  fact, 
was  no  range  at  all,  but  an  operation  to  be 
conducted  by  monster  balloons.  We  have 
not  space  here  to  enter  into  the  detaibi 
but  they  will  be  found  in  an  article  on 
"  Captain  Warner's  Inventions,**  hy  the 
Editor  of  the  United  Service  Magaxinep 
published  in  that  periodical  for  Jnne  1658. 
At  the  latter  period  Captain  Warner's 
patron.  Earl  Talbot,  who  had  twice  when 
Lord  Ingestre  brought  his  claims  before  the 
House  of  Commons,  had  recently  moved 
in  the  House  of  Lords  for  a  committee  of 
inquiry  into  the  efficacy  of  the  alleged  new 
projectile.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add 
that  this  effort  proved  as  abortive  as  the 
former.  Lord  Monteagle  brought  forward 
a  letter  from  Sir  Robert  Peel,  written  on 
reading  Sir  Howard  Douglas's  speech,  in 
which  he  remarked,  "  I  did  not  require 
such  a  demonstration  of  the  charlatansrfo 
of  Mr.  Warner.  I  deeply  regret  that  so 
much  valuable  time  has  been  tlirown  away 
on  this  man  and  his  projects.**  The  Duke 
of  Wellington  spoke  with  warmth  against 
the  proposed  committee,  tiie  ESari  of  Rosse 
recommended  its  postponement^  Md  the 


1854.] 


Chrgif  D^e^mitd. 


Ul 


Eirl  of  WincbelMa  proDoamMd  the  alleged 
inventions  to  be  **  perfect  bnmbiig  from 
beginning  to  end.*' 

The  projector,  however, — being,  it  is 
charitable  to  suppose,  one  of  those  mono- 
maniacs wbo,  af^r  repeated  attempts  to 
deceive  others,  are  at  length  snpremelj 
snccessfal  in  deceiting  tbemseWeSy — msin- 
tained  to  the  last  that  he  was  possessed  of 
the  secret  of  an  explosive  compound  much 
more  powerful  than  any  in  known  nse } 
and  recently  he  had  been  very  sanguine 
of  coming  to  some  advantageous  amtttge- 
ment  with  the  Turkish  government 

Captain  Warner  died  very  suddenly  of 
apoplexy.  After  expending  all  his  means 
in  the  prosecution  of  his  discoveries,  he 
left  a  family  of  seven  children,  with  tiieii' 
mother,*  in  utter  destitution :  the  eldest, 
a  girl,  being  15,  and  the  youngest  only  a 
year  old.  Two  boys  are  of  me  ages  of 
13  and  11.  One  child  has  died  sinee  tta 
father.  The  Rev.  Robert  Liddell,  Perpe- 
tual Curate  of  St.  Paul's,  Knightsbridgei 
volunteered  to  be  the  almoner  of  the  pnblio 
towards  the  family,  which  is  resident  Ifi 
his  parish,  and  for  some  weeks  after  their 
sudden  bereavement  he  made  varioua  com- 
munications to  the  Times  newspaper  upon 
the  progress  of  his  exertions. 

CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Dec.  19, 1852.  At  the  Oaks,  North  Walsham,  Nor- 
folk, aeed  76,  the  Rev.  WUHam  TOney  Oowrdent. 
formerly  Head  Master  of  the  Grammar  Sc&ool  at 
that  place,  to  which  office  he  was  elected  in  1807. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  tranalation  of  Longlnns  on 
the  Sublime  in  Writing,  with  Notes  Orlgmal  and 
Selected,  and  three  Dissertations,  printed  at  Nor- 
wich in  183G,  and  dedicated  to  H.R.II.  the  Duke  of 
Sussex.  In  1816  he  was  histituted  on  his  own 
presentation  to  the  rectory  of  Brolrary  in  Here- 
fordshire. 

Dec.  a  1 ,  1852.  At  the  residence  of  his  grandson 
William  C.  F.  Sparrow,  esq.  Ranelagh  terrace, 
Pimlico,  in  his  92d  year,  the  Rev.  Thoma*  Pen- 
ningtm,  M.  A.  of  Deal,  Kent,  and  of  Bledlow,  Bocks, 
fbr  54  years  Rector  of  Thorley,  Herts.  He  was  the 
elder  Hon  of  Thomas  Pennington,  D.D.  Sector  of 
Tunstall  in  Kent,  and  one  of  the  six  Preachers  of 
Canterbury  Cathedral,  by  Hargaret  dan.  of  Ni- 
cholas Carter,  D.D.,  Rector  of  woodchurch  and 
Ham  in  Kent.  His  younger  brother,  the  Rev. 
Montagu  Pennington,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Northbonme 
and  Slioulden,  in  the  same  county,  and  Perpetual 
Curate  of  Deal,  wrote  th^LIfe  of  his  aont  the  ce- 
lebrated Mrrt.  Elizabeth  Carter,  and  edited  the 
Works  of  Mt!).  Cttthurine  Talbot  and  the  Letters 
of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Montagu.  He  died  in  1849, 
nged  86 ;  and  is  noticeil  in  onr  OMtuary,  vol. 
xxxii.  p.  323.  HLs  elder  brother,  now  deceased, 
was  firiit  scholar  of  Trinity  collein,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1780,  and  having  been  elected  Fellow  of  Cltte 
hall,  he  proceeded  M.A.  1788.  He  was  iUstltnted 
to  the  rectory  of  Kingdown,  in  Kent,  which  was  in 
his  own  patronage,  in  178G ;  and  collated  td  the 
rectory  of  Tliorley,  in  Hertfordshire,  in  1798,  by 

*  This  was  at  first  sapposed  to  be  Capt. 
Warner's  widow.  It  is  since  Stated  that 
his  wife,  who  sarrives  him,  was  liTing 
separate  from  him  at  Ashford  io  Kent|  in 
the  receipt  of  parochial  relkf. 


BMiop  Porteas.  In  early  life  h«  Iras  GhMUtt  to 
Henrietta  Linra  PnHaney,  Contsss  ef  Bafii,  wfeo 
died  In  1808;  and  afterwards  Mid  ttw  SMne  a|>- 
pelntment  to  Lord  Chief  JoMlee  XUedboroa^. 
He  was  the  author  of  two  Tolttmes  of  Irards,  pub- 
lished at  distant  periods  of  time ;  the  one  entKled 
"Continental  Excursions}  or,  Tears  In  F^niiee, 
Swttaerland,  and  Germany,  k  I789«  17874  waA 
1789 ;  with  a  Descriptton  of  Paris,  and  the  CHa^ 
olsrs  ef  S*v<7.  1808."  8  role.  8to.  ;  and  flie 
otiwr,"A^OfiimeyintoTarloas  fMVts  ef  Bnnqpe, 
and  a  Resldenee  In  them,  daring  the  years  1818, 
1819, 1888,  and  1841 ;  with  Notes  Historical  and 
(^assical,  and  Memoirs  of  the  Grand  Dnkes  of  the 
Hoase  of  Medlel,  of  «ie  Bynasiles  of  the  Kings  of 
Na3^,andofflieDnkesorMi]an.'*  (Dedkatedte 
the  Qneen  Dowager  of  Wlrtemtarg,  and  Ineeribed 
to  WiUiam  Lord  Blsiiop  of  London.)    8  Tels.  8re. 

Aug.  18, 1868.  At  Gmnley,  Leie.  iged  78,  the 
Ber.  Frmkriek  ApOwrpt  Hector  of  ttiat  vmh. 
Ylear  of  Bicker,  eo.  Une.,  and  a  Tn/bmuarT  of 
Ltaieota.  He  was  the  son  of  tlie  Her.  EmI  Ap- 
tibc«p,DJ>.  Ylear  of  Croydon,  and  Preibendary  of 
Iwlmry  in  8t  Paul's  Ostiiedral ;  of  whom  a 
memofar  is  giren  in  Nichols's  Literary  Aneedoles, 
▼cB.  iii.  fp.  94—87,  748,  745.  BIS  mother  #a8 
EUsaheth,  dangbttr  of  nial^  Hntehlason,  esq. 
Jvdf*  of  the  Common  Pleis  at  MsMsuhmutii 
B»,  His  gnmdMher  was  Charles  Ap«Uorp,  esq. 
of  Boston,  Amerloa,  who  died  inl7fi8.  Hetrasof 
Jesns  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1799,  HJL  1808. 
Hsiflng  married  a  meee  of  I%r.  PretjtaBn,Biiliop 
of  Lhicoln,  he  was  collated  In  1808  to  a  prSbendal 
sUnfaiihatoBaiedrsl;  aB«lnl808totbetlcir«ge 
ofBicker^  In  1808  he  took  the  ticarsse  of  Vsm- 
ion,  eo.  Notts,  In  rigbt of  his  frObendt  sad  In 
1809  tiie  Bishop  promoted  htan  to  the  itetoty  of 
Gnmley.  He- was  a  magistnts  of  the  ooonty, 
and  a  regahv  attendant  at  the  sseelhlt  of  tta 
beoA  at  HMut  Harberongh.  His  eidflst  Son 
Major  Apthorp  was  slain  in  Afl^^hanlBtan,  Jfareh 
99, 1848,  after  baring  prerlonsly  ssrrad  as  a  Lieot.- 
ODhmel  m  the  British  AnaOiary  Legion  In  Spain, 
when  he  was  made  a  Ijolgfat  of  the  Order  of 
Isabella  the  Catholic  (see  a  memofar  at  him  in  oar 
TOl.  ZTlii.  p.  90).  * 

Dee....  At  St.  Hihnry,  CO.  Glamorgan,  aged  68, 
the  Rev.  (Teorsw  TVoAerM,  Ylear  of  tiiatparUh.  and 
Rector  of  St  George's-saper-Ely.  He  was  half- 
brother  to  the  Rev.  John  Montgomery  Traheme« 
M.A.  of  Coedrlghm,  F.R.S.  and  S.A.,  being  tiw 
oidy  son  of  tbe  seoond  marriage  of  fte  late  LMM 
wsiyn  Traheme,  esq.  He  was  cidnoatodal  Harrow, 
and  St  UntrerMy  eoUego,  Oadbrd,  where  be  gTn- 
dnatod  'B.A.  1880,  MJL  1898.  He  was  eelhtted 
to  the  TiearaceofSt.  Hilary  in  1888  by  Bishop 
Co|Aeston,  and  presented  to  St.  George^  m  1886  by 
Msfetber.  He  married  in  1884  BUea, dan.  of  Jeim 
Gilbert  Royd,  esq.  and  has  left  issne  two  sons  sod 
two  daogbters. 

Feb.  9.  At  Old  Aberdeen,  aged  86,  the  Ysqr 
Rer.  wmam  /0dt,  Principal  of  Ktog^  eeUege, 
there. 

nb.  14.  At  Bnrwell,  near  NMrmariMl«  the 
Ber.  James  Jctmem  Batim,  Ylear  of  that  paridL 
He  was  of  Cbrlsifs  oollege,  Camhridge,  B.A.  1801, 
M.A.  1804;  and  was  pfewntM  to  Bnrwtfl  by  flN 
Unirersity  of  Cambridge  in  1808. 

At  Bath,  aged  61,  the  Rer.  /<An  PttMdk  Bgdi, 
formerly  Ylear  of  Bengeo,  Herts,  to  irhlcb  he  was 
presented  In  1829  by  the  toto  Thomas  Hope  Byde, 
esq.  of  Ware  Park.  He  was  of  Paniferoka  edNgO, 
Oambridgs,  B.A.  1886,  M.A.  1888. 

The  Rer.  Jemm  Jmet,  teto  Canto  of  Uaaralf • 
caer-einion,  co.  Montgomery. 

/M.  16.  At  Efaaswen,  MMk,  ttia  Bsir.  E&. 
ward  Cktifaon  Lawtom,  M.A.  eldest  son  of  the  Ber. 
J.  Thomas  Lawton,  Rector  of  EfansweO.  He  was 
of  Clare  bsU,  Osmhridge,  BJL  1888,  MJL  1887. 

Aeeklentally  kiOedf  the  Bar . /M9I  ntoniyiiMntf, 
of  Grookadyke,  GsrUsle. 

JM.  16.  At  Prinoethorpe,  Warwieksfaire,  oC  an 
aftranced  aga|fli8 Bar.  amnH fViisr,hil8 ef lei- 
Hniflmn,  NonkanberlaBd. 


552 


Clergy  Deceased. 


CM»y, 


Feb.  17.  At  Kinton,  Suffolk,  aged  86,  the  Rev. 
Niehoku  Wood,  Vicar  of  that  parish  (1819). 

Feb.  20.  la  Southamptoa-bnildings,  Holbom, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Jcanei  TTkmuon,  for  many  years  one 
of  the  foreign  agents  of  the  BritiAh  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society. 

At  Boyton,  Frestwich,  Lane,  aged  63,  the  Rev. 
Hemy  T.  Turner,  Assistant  Minister  of  St.  Paul's 
church,  Royton. 

/V6.  22.  At  Braintree,  aged  40,  the  Rev. /2o6cr< 
Graham  Bromhead,  late  Curate  of  Panfleld,  Essex. 
He  was  the  only  son  of  Tliomas  Rromhead,  esq.  of 
Duddington,  co.  Lincoln  ;  and  a  member  of  Jcahs 
college,  Cambridge.  B. A.  1835. 

At  Norwich,  aged  3G,  the  Rev.  John  ChetalUer, 
M.A.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Chevallier,  of  Aspal 
hall,  Suffolk.  He  was  of  Gonville  and  Caius  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  B.A.  1839,  M.A.  1842. 

Feb.  23.  In  London,  aged  72,  the  Rev.  WUUam 
Manila,  Rector  of  Milton  Br>'ant,  Beds  (1811), 
and  of  Collyweston,  co.  Northampton  (1812).  He 
was  a  son  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  James  Mansfield, 
sometime  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas.  He 
was  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1804, 
M.A. 1807. 

Feb.  25.  At  Wootton  Wawen,  co.  Warwick, 
aged  88,  the  Rev.  John  Ellis,  Vicar  of  that  parish, 
and  a  magistrate  for  the  county.  He  was  formerly 
Fellow  of  King's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1792, 
M.A.  1796,  and  was  presented  to  his  living  by  the 
college  in  1809. 

At  Barbados,  the  Rev.  Henrif  George  Southw^, 
B.A.  Trin.  coll.  Dublin. 

Feb.  26.  At  Bromsgrove,  the  Rev.  John  WtUs, 
Rector  of  South  Perrott,  Dorsetshire  (1848). 

Feb.  27.  The  Rev.  WUliam  Dixon,  Perp.  Curate 
of  Tong,  Yorkshire  (1835). 

At  Villa  Colomltaja,  near  Florence,  the  Rev. 
George  BrickdaU  Crossman,  late  of  St.  John's, 
Withycombe,  Som.  He  was  of  ^lagdalen  college, 
Oxford,  created  M.A.  in  1814. 

Lately.  The  Rev.  Antftony  Thomoi  Can;  Perp. 
Curate  of  St.  John's,  Ik5verlcy  (1844).  He  was  of 
Queen's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1829,  M.A. 
1832. 

The  Rev.  John  Horatio  Dickenson,  Rector  of 
Blymhlll,  Salop  ( 1 840).  He  wa.s  of  Worcester  col- 
lege, Oxford,  B.A.  1797. 

At  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick,  the  Rev.  Be^fa- 
min  O.  Gray,  D.l).  Chai>lain  to  the  Grarrison.  He 
was  the  oldeitt  Missionary  connected  with  the 
Church  of  England  in  the  British  Colonies.  His 
first  mission  was  at  Preston,  near  Halifax,  where, 
prior  to  the  commencement  of  the  present  century, 
lie  liad  charge  of  the  Maroons,  about  440  of  whom 
were  settled  in  that  vicinity.  He  wax  afterwards 
appointed  to  the  parish  of  Sockville,  and  subse- 
quently to  that  of  St.  George's,  Halifax,  whence, 
in  1825,  he  was  removed  to  the  rectory  of  the  city 
of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  which  he  held  for 
fifteen  years. 

The  Rev.  Jannes  Smith,  Incumbent  of  Minchall's 
episcopal  church,  dioc.  Brechin. 

March  \.  At  Bulkington,  Warwickshire,  aged 
43,  the  Rev.  WUliam  George  Parker,  Vicar  of  wat 
parish  (1840).  He  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1833,  M.A.  1838. 

March  3.  At  East  Harlsey,  aged  50,  the  Rev. 
Jonathan  Walkden  Steele,  Perp.  Curate  of  Ingleby 
AmcUffe  and  East  Harlsey,  Yorkshire  (1818). 

March  4.  At  Ooodsliaw,  Lane,  the  Rev.  James 
Bell,  Perp.  Curate  of  tliat  place  (1848). 

March  6.  At  Swindon,  aged  77,  the  Rev.  James 
Grooby,  of  Worcester  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1804, 
M.A.  1808. 

At  Rathsaran,  aged  86,  the  Rev.  Francis  Lodge, 
for  many  years  Rector  of  Rathsaran  and  Vicar  of 
Kilmocar,  dioc.  Ossory. 

At  Worcester,  aged  32,  the  Rev.  Fdtrard  Wil- 
liam Scott,  M.A.  fourth  son  of  the  late  Edward 
William  Scott,  esq.  one  of  Her  Miijesty's  Counsel 
in  Ireland. 

March  7.    At  Fulford,  aged  S9,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Henry  Sutton,  M.A.  Rector  of  St.  Mary  BidiophlU 
13 


Senior,  York  (1844),  and  COmplatB  to  the  ToA- 
sliire  Lunatic  Aqrlom. 

March%.  At  Newtown,  Waterfbtd,  tlM  Her. 
Arthur  Wynne,  Precentor  of  the  rathiwlrth  of 
Waterford  and  Lfsmore,  and  Chaplain  to  tbe  Laid 
Bishop  of  CJashel. 

March  9.    At  Hammemnith,  Middlaaez.  afoA 


58,  the  Rev.  George  Chishofm^  D.D.  Parp.  Cm 
of  St.  Peter's,  Hammersmith  (18SI)and  Boetor  of 
Ashmore,  Dorset  (1826).  He  was  of  Woroorttf 
coUege,  Oxford,  B.A.  1814,  M.A.  1818,  B.  aiiA 
D.D.  1827. 

At  St.  Mary's  college,  St.  Andrew's,  tbe  V017 
Rev.  Bobert  Haldane,  D.D.  Principal  of  that  eo(- 
lege,  Primarius  Professor  of  Divinity  in  tbe  Uni- 
versity, first  minister  of  the  parish  of  St.  AndrawY, 
and  F.R.S.E. 

At  Kentisbeare,  Devon,  aged  65,  the  Rot.  Adb- 
ard  Arthur  Roberts,  Rector  of  tliat  pariah  (lUt). 
He  was  of  St.  Peter's  college,  Cambridgo,  B^ 
1819  M  A   1822 

March  10.  In'sackvUle-street,  aged  79,  the  Bov. 
Deacon  Morra,  of  Moulsftnrd,  Berks.  Ho  vio  of 
Christ  church,  Oxford,  B.A.  1796,  M.A.  1799. 

At  Martin,  Line,  aged  63,  the  Rev.  Johm 
bridge  Smith.  D.D.  Rector  of  Sorby  (1897),^. 
Martin  (1841),  Perp.  Curate  of  Banmor  (I8I4), 
and  Head  Master  of  Homcastle  Grammar  .Hrhool. 
He  was  in  early  life  a  compositor  on  tbo  ToA 
Chronicle :  and  often  refierrea  with  pleosoro  to  kk 
connection  with  the  press.  By  great  oppUcatian 
he  qualified  himself  for  holy  orders,  odd  gradn* 
ated  at  Christ  college,  Cambridge,  B.D.  ItV, 
D.D.  1837.  His  death  resulted  fhnn  iiUaiiOB  ro- 
celved  in  a  railroad  accident. 

March  11.  At  Hastings,  aged  89,  the  Bor. 
Thomas  BaurdUkm,  for  fllty  years  Vicor  of  Fbm- 
stanton  with  Hilton,  Hunts.  He  was  origlna]^  a 
member  of  Queen's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  17M, 
and  afterwards  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Trinity  hoD, 
M.A.  1797  :  by  the  latter  society  bo 
to  his  Uving  in  1802. 

March  13.    At  Nice,  aged  58,  tbe  Bor. 
Burroughes,  of  the  Manor-lionse,  Long  8trfc»»M, 
Norfolk,  a  magistrate  and  depaty-Uentonaaft  of 
the  county.    He  was  the  eldest  acm  of  the 
Ellis  Burroughes,  of  I^ng  Stratton,  who 
1831,  by  Sarah-Nasmyth,  only  dan.  of 
Marsh,  esq.    He  was  of  CorpuM  GhrtstI 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1818.    He  married  in  1891] 
beth-Phillips,  eldest  dau.of  Lieut.-Qen.  Sir  i 
Wilder,  sometime  M.P.  for  Arundel,  and  had  I 
two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

March  14.  At  Llyswen,  co.  Brecknock, 
dentally  drowned,  the  Rev.  W.  M.  WilKamu, ' 
ofUiat  parish  (1847). 

March  IH.  Aged  46,  the  Rev.  Smith  C9WM,  onty 
son  of  the  late  Baddeley  Child,  esq.  of  nailiitM. 
Staffordshire:  and  grandson  of  Admiral  SadNEh 
Child,  who  die<l  in  1813. 

March  21.  At  Apsley,  co.  Bedford,  and  79,  the 
Rev.  Richard  Fain,  Rector  of  Uttlo  Wlgbonagh, 
Kiwex  (IH20). 

March  22.  At  Heale  Uonst,  near  Langporti 
Somerset,  aged  77,  the  Rev.  Samsul  AMtrd,  He 
was  uf  Queen's  college,  0.\foni,  B.A.  1797. 3 
1800. 

March  23.    At  New  York,  VS.,  the  Ber. 
Robert  Williams,  eldest  son  of  the  Iter. 
Williams,  Rector  of  Llanedi,  00.  Carmarthen. 

March  24.    At  Hoole  Lodge,  near  Cheater,  < 
73,  the  Rev.  /Vntoe  William  Hamiltam,  tap.  Ca- 
rate  of  (iuilden  Stretton,  Cheshire. 

March  25.  At  Maesteg,  the  Rev.  T.  J.  ""rmnr. 
(Mvdfer,)  Welsh  Curate  of  tlie  new  chureh. 

March  W.  In  the  College,  Ely,  aged  M,  thi 
Rev.  Henry  FardeU,  M.A.  Canon  of  >Uy  and  Vkar 
of  Wisbech ;  cluUrman  of  the  qoarter  aooriona  at 
Ely,  and  a  magistrate  for  the  eonntioB  of  GOi^ 
bridge,  Norfolk,  and  Lhicoln.  He  was  the  third  ■■■ 
of  John  Fardell,  esq.  of  Lincoln,  by  Eleanor  Fan^ 
lope,  dan.  of  John  Hayward,  esq.  ot  tlw  mne dty ; 
and  brother  to  the  late  John  FardeU,  oiQ.  of  whoM 
a  brief  memoir  was  given  in  our  laaC  MapMlMb  p. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


553 


430.  He  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1817,  M.A.  1820.  He  married  in  1820,  EUza, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Right  Rev.  Bowyer  Edward 
Sparke,  Lord  Bishop  of : Ely;  and  by  that  prelate 
was  collated  to  a  prebend  of  Ely  in  1819,  the 
vicarage  of  Waterbeach  in  1822,  and  that  of  Wis- 
bech in  1831.  Mr.  Fardell  has  left  two  sons  and 
two  daughters.  His  elder  daughter,  Hester-Eliza, 
married  in  1847  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Charl&i 
Frederic  Octavius  Spencer,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Cumnor, 
youngest  brother  of  Lord  Churchill.  His  body 
was  interred  in  Ely  cathedral. 

March  27.  At  Edinburgh,  the  Rev.  John  WiUaon 
Ferguson,  M.A.  Minister  of  St.  James's  Episcopal 
Chapel  (1833)  and  Synod  Clerk  of  the  diocese  of 
Edinburgh.  His  death  is  attributed  to  the  strain 
of  mind  and  anxiety  incurred  on  behalf  of  William 
Cumming,  lately  executed  at  Edinburgh,  a  com- 
mutation of  whose  sentence  he  exerted  himself  to 
procure ;  aggravated  by  exposure  to  intense  cold 
in  the  lock-up  on  the  night  preceding  the  execu- 
tion.   He  has  left  a  widow  and  infimt  feimily. 

March  28.  Of  apoplexy,  when  on  horseback, 
aged  67,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Bdgrave^  Rector  of  North 
Kilworth,  Leic.  and  a  magistrate  for  the  county. 
He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  St.  John's  college,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B.A.  1810,  M.A.  1817 ; 
and  was  instituted  to  his  living,  which  was  In  his 
own  patronage,  in  1812.  His  son,  the  Rev.  C.  W. 
Belgrave,  is  Chaplain  of  H.M.S.  Leander,  one  of 
the  Baltic  fleet. 

At  Funchal,  Madeira,  in  his  24th  year,  the  Rev. 
Francis  Paterson,  of  Trinity  coUege,  Oxford, 
youngest  son  of  James  Paterson,  esq.  of  Cornwall- 
terrace,  Regent's  Park. 

March  31.  At  Dublin,  aged  70,  the  Rev. /ame« 
Carlile,  D.D.  for  upwards  of  forty  years  Minister 
of  St.  Mary's  Abbey  Scotch  Church,  Dublin,  and 
for  some  years  Government  Commissioner,  and 
member  of  the  National  Board  of  Education  for 
Ireland. 

Aged  54,  the  Rev.  Richard  WaUcer,  Pcrp.  Curate 
of  Great  Crosby,  near  Liverpool. 

April  2.  At  Great  Malvern,  Wore,  aged  37,  the 
Rev.  Edward  Morris,  youngest  son  of  the  lato 
Thomas  Morris,  esq.  of  LUinstephan,  co.  Car- 
marthen. 

April  3.  At  Ncwark-upon-Trent,  aged  73,  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Cooke,  D.D.  He  was  of  Magdalene 
hall,  Oxford,  B.A.  1821,  M.A.  1822,  B.  and  D.D. 
1836. 

At  the  house  of  his  son-in-law  Mr.  Porter, 
Rochford  Town,  near  Boston,  aged  66,  the  Rer. 
Robert  Jarrold  King,  Rector  of  Wymondham, 
Norfolk  ( 1852 ) .  lie  was  of  Catharine  hall,  Camb. 
B.A.  1814.  He  wa.s  for  thirty-six  years  the  laborious 
curate  of  Wisbech  ;  and,  in  re^ird  to  the  sudden 
I>ercavcment  which  has  befidlen  his  widow  and 
numerous  family  so  soon  after  his  recent  prefer- 
ment, a  public  subscription  for  their  benefit  has 
been  opened  in  that  town.  His  funeral  In  the 
cemetery  at  Wisbech  was  attendee!  by  aboat  sixty 
or  seventy  gentlemen,  the  pall  being  held  by  the 
mayor  and  seven  clergymen. 

April  b.  At  Southampton,  the  Rev.  WiXam 
Austen,  formerly  Rector  of  Horsted  Keynes,  Sus- 
sex. He  was  of  Brasenosc  college,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1810,  M.A.  1814;  and  was  presented  to  Horsted 
Ke>'ncs  in  1812  by  F.  M.  Austen, esq. 

At  Talland  vicarage,  Cornwall,  in  his  84th  year, 
the  Rev.  Daniel  Evans,  Vicar  of  Keveme,  in  that 
county  (1839),  and  formerly  Curate  of  Sherborne. 
At  Dover,  aged  73,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Morris^ 
Rector  of  St.  James's  in  that  town,  and  Vicar  of 
Hougham,  Kent.  He  was  the  second  son  of  Sir 
John  Morris,  the  flrst  Baronet  of  Claaemont,  co. 
Glamorgan,  by  Henrietta,  dau.  of  Sir  Philip  Mus- 
grave,  Bart.  He  was  of  Oriel  college,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1^04,  M.A.  1807;  and  was  presented  to  both  his 
livings  in  1818. 

April  7.  At  "St.  Holier,  Jersey,  aged  68,  the  Rev. 
Gi'otye  Marshall  Jlolitccll,  Rector  of  Swallow,  co. 
Lincoln  (1822). 
April  10.    On  his  voyage  fifom  Madeira  to  Eng- 

Gknt.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


land,  in  his  30th  year,  the  Rev.  Mark  Haggard, 
M.A.  Student  of  Christ  church,  Oxford ;  second 
surviving  son  of  John  Hagmrd,  LL.D.  of  Doctors' 
Commons.    He  graduated  B. A.  1847,  M.A.  1850. 


DEATHS, 

ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER. 

Nov.  24, 1853.  In  the  island  ofTristran  D'Acnnha, 
in  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean,  aged  63,  Wm.  Glass, 
esq.  known  by  the  title  of  **  Governor  Glass." 

Dee.%.  At  West  MaiUand,  N.  S.  Wales,  aged 
39,  Frederick  Joshua  Beardmore,  esq.  sui^^n, 
eldest  son  of  Joshua  B.  esq.  of  Boxmore,  Herts. 

Dec.  23.  At  Port  Callio,  Peru,  aged  36,  WUliam 
second  son  of  the  late  John  Coates,  esq.  Brook 
House,  Buckfiistleigh. 

Dee.  24.  Off  Sydney,  Australia,  aged  SO,  Wm. 
Ward  Harvey,  esq.  R.N.  of  H.M.S.V.  Torch,  son 
of  the  Rev.  H.  Harvey,  M.A.  Canon  of  Bristol, 
and  Vicar  of  Olveston,  Glouc.  He  was  in  charge 
of  the  Torch  at  the  time,  and,  upon  the  upsetting 
of  one  of  the  boats  of  that  vessel  in  a  sudden 
squall,  was  drowned  in  the  brave  but  firuitless 
attempt  to  save  the  lives  of  two  young  fHends. 

Jan.%.  La  Montague-square,  aged  87,  Edward 
Williams,  esq.  of  Herringstone,  Dorsetshire.  He 
was  the  only  son  of  Thomas  Williams,  esq.  of  Her- 
ringstone, by  Jane,  dau.  of  Sir  Edward  Wilmot, 
Bart.  He  married  in  1796  Anne,  only  daughter 
and  heir  of  James  Flynn,  esq.  of  Swainswick, 
Som.  and  had  issue  one  son  and  four  daughters. 
His  son,  James  Wilmot  Williams,  esq.  married  in 
1824  Elizabeth-Anne,  second  dau.  of  R.  ICagenis, 
esq.  formerly  M.P.  for  Enniakillen,  and  has  issue. 

Jan.  14.  On  his  passage  fh>m  Calcutta,  aged  15, 
Harry-Lewis,  third  son  of  James  Oosserat,  esq. 

Jan.  20.  At  Port  Natal,  James-Tyssen,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  James  Eyre  Watson,  esq.  of  Fil- 
longley,  Warw. 

Jan.  21 .  At  Calcutta,  Garoline-Bevan,  relict  of 
Lieut.  W.  Haig,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
John  Wilcox,  M.A. 

Jan.  24.  At  Allahabad,  East  Indies,  Lieut.-Col. 
Henry  Farrant,  commanding    H.M.   Slst  Regt. 

Joungest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Farrant,  esq.  of 
[ontagu-st.  Portman-sq.  and  Northstead  House, 
Chelsfleld,  Kent. 

Jan.  25.  At  Allahabad,  on  the  Ganges,  aged  54, 
Lieut.-Col.  William  Taylor  Shortt,  late  87th  Regt. 
He  commanded  the  62nd  Regt.  at  the  actions  of 
Ferozeshah  and  Sobraon,  and  was  wounded  in  the 
aide  in  the  former  action,  and  had  his  horse  shot 
under  him,  a  ball  grazing  his  head  at  the  same  in- 
stant. His  majority  in  the  62nd  wai  dated  16th 
April,  1841,  and  his  Bt.  Lieut.-Colonelcy   was 

S -anted  for  the  Pnnjanb  with  a  medal  and  claps, 
e  was  grand-nephew  to  Major-Gen.  W.  Taylor, 
Col.  of  the  34th  Regt.  Equerry  and  A.D.C.  to 
King  George  III.  and  Col.-Commandant  60th. 

Jan.  38.  At  Bombay,  on  his  way  to  England, 
Capt.  Arthur  Morris,  4th  Bombay  Rifles. 

Fd>.  1 .  At  Tonley,  aged  76,  Lieut.-Gen.  Patrick 
Byers,  of  Tonley,  Colonel  of  the  33d  Bengal 
Native  Infantry. 

At  Bombay,  Ann,  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  G.  D.  Duff, 
only  surviving  sister  of  Sh:  George  Hayter. 

Feb.  3.  On  board  one  of  the  river  NUe  steam- 
boats, Henry,  second  son  of  Lieut.  Broome,  Ma- 
dras Army. 

At  Croydon,  Walter  Erans,  esq. 

At  Tangier,  whUe  on  leave  from  Gibraltar, 
Charles  Dudley  Oliver,  Capt.  80th  Regt.  son  of  the 
late  Adm.  Robert  Dudley  Oliver. 

Fd>.  3.  At  Carrigles,  near  Dublin,  aged  34| 
Theodosia,  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Goff. 

At  Hyde-side,  Lower  Edmonton,  aged  74, 
George  Sadler,  esq.  late  of  Sonthwark. 

At  Gibraltar,  aged  75,  William  SherwiU,  esq. 
for  manyyears  a  merchant  at  that  place,  son  of 
the  late  William  Sherwill,  esq.  of  Topsham. 

Feb.  5.  At  Bungay,  Lucy,  relict  of  Samuel 
Clarke,  esq.  of  Bergh  Apton,  Suffolk. 

4  B 


554 


Obituary. 


lM*y. 


/'<6. 7.  At  rarU,  tgtl  24,  H«leii  GordelU, 
ddeat  lunririnfr  daa.  of  U.  A.  A.  DsTtai,  eeq.  of 
Crickbowell,  soticitor. 

At  Bath,  MIn  Jane  Fovltr,  lata  of  Cnlkwnptnn. 

In  her  37th  year,  Louisa,  wife  of  Mr.  J.  Nonne- 
ley,  dau.  of  H.  H.  Heygate,  esq.  all  of  Market 
IlHrborough. 

At  Bury-st.  St.  James'a,  aaed  29,  Capt.  Christo* 
pher  Sayers,  Deputy-Commusary-gen.  at  Ceylon, 
youngOAt  son  of  the  late  ftichanl  Sayen,  eeq.  of 
Greenwood,  oo.  of  Dublin,  ife  aenred  m  Aiiisi- 
ant-CommlMary-gen.  in  the  Kainttan  rebeUiob. 

In  3lontpellier-eq.  BrompCon,  aged  72,  Chariee 
Dary  Wilkins  Terry,  e^i. 

Feb.  S.  At  Nottingham,  affed  48,  Catharine- 
Morritt,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Tbomas  Uinde,  of  Win- 
wick  IMory,  Lancashire,  only  child  of  Capt. 
Chad  wick,  22d  Dragoons. 

At  Claxtoa  Grange,  near  Oreatham,  aged  66,  T. 
Jobson,  esq. 

At  Ahmedabad,  aged  M,  Uent.  U.  Pifeoaln, 
S6th  Bombay  Nat.  Inf.  third  son  of  John  Pitcaim, 
esq.  of  Finsbory-circos* 

At  Bombay,  Ueat.-Col.  John  Trltton,  10th  Hus- 
sars, Cormeriy  of  ttie  ad  Dragoons. 

Feb.  9.  At.  Vernon,  near  Langeais,  aged  62, 
Maria,  widow  of  Onorg^  Henry  William  Beau- 
mont de  La  Barthe,  eeq.  eldeet  dan.  of  the  late 
Capt.  FbiUp  Beaver,  R.N. 

In  Craven-hill-gardens,  aged  30,  Wm.  Thomas 
Bowen,  esq. 

At  Springfield  Colony,  Antrim,  aged  61,  Maria- 
Smear,  wife  of  M^or  Richard  Rollo  Hooghton,  late 
Tard  Regt.  eUlest  dan.  of  the  Ute  Rev.  lUchard 
Hardy,  D.D.  Rector  of  Loughborough. 

At  Portway  Villa,  near  Kington,  Heref.  aged  69, 
Thomas  Oliver,  esq. 

At  Manchester,  Jamaica,  Robert  Craig  Thom- 
■on,  esq. 

At  Madrid,  Arthur  Wm.  Thorold,  esq.  youngest 
son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  B.  Thorold,  Rector  of 
fiongham-cum-Marston,  UncoUuhlre. 

Feb.  10.  At  Luton,  Beds,  aged  62,  Emily-Agnes, 
widow  of  Charles  Austin,  esq. 

By  a  £r11  from  bis  horse,  aged  27,  William,  seeond 
ate  of  George  Hitchcock,  esq.  of  Hlnton  Honae. 

At  ShottUham,  the  reddence  of  his  toother, 
Albert-Richard,  yotmgest  sou  of  the  lato  Richard 
Merry,  esq.  of  the  same  place. 

Feb.  11.  At  Peckham,  £UMbeth  -  Lscretia, 
youngest  and  only  surviving  child  of  the  late  C^pt. 
Robert  Mackay  Clarke,  2nd  W.  1.  Regt.  niece  of 
the  Hon.  W.  Webb,  of  New  Providence,  Bahamas. 

At  MalU,  aged  17.  Edward  Cannichael  Clementi 
Goodwin,  youngest  and  only  surviving  child  of  the 
late  Rev.  George  Harvey  Goodwin,  of  Denbtuy, 


At  the  North  College,  Elgin,  David  Hmt,  eeq.  of 
Westerton,  and  of  the  6th  Madras  Lif  ht  Cavalnr. 

At  Hereford,  aged  36,  Henry,  fourth  son  of  Wil- 
liam Pulling,  esq. 

At  CUpham,  aged  73,  Miss  Rasbfleld,  fbnoMrly 
of  Balham  Cottage. 

At  Amherstburgh,  Upper  Canada,  aged  76,  fibe- 
aeser  Reynolds,  esq. 

At  Dalton-in-Pumess.  Lane,  aged  68,  William 
Spence,  esq.  formerly  of  Bedale,  surgeon. 

At  Pen-y-Park,  near  Beaumaris,  Anne,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  Robert  WUUams.  Rector  of  Beaumaria. 

At  Barnsbury-park,  Islington,  aged  78,  Mary, 
relict  of  Thomas  Wontner,  esq. 

Feb.  12.  At  Leamington,  aged  82,  William 
Chapman,  esq.  He  was  Lieutenant  in  the  lUfle 
Bri^e,  Captain  of  a  Portugneae  reciment,  and  in 
the  Carnarvon  Militia,  served  in  the  Peninsula, 
and  was  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo. 

At  Whittlesford,  Camb.  aoed  63,  Lydia  Gunning; 
and  on  the  21st,  aged  81,  Eleanor  Gunning,  sisters 
of  Henry  Gunning,  Senior  Esquire  BedeO  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  of  whom  a  memoir  was 
given  in  our  February  Magailne. 

Suddenly,  at  the  parsonage.  Great  Yarmoath. 
aged  70.  Diana,  widow  of  Bear-Admiral  EOla,  of 
Aihen  HaO,  EaMs,  third  dwa.  of  Ui»  late  ThosM 


Haamarri^,  «4.  of  Fdl  Mall,  aad  Mthir  of  Am 
Ber.  Geonn  HBla,  Mtnialer  of  TariMWtk. 

On  the  Mile,  near  Thataa,  aged  »l,Alft«d,M- 
eond  eon  of  Sir  WUfk«d  L««raoa,  Bart 

At  Aahboame,  Der^yriL  aged  St, 
Anne  Walker. 

At  Bridge  Hooae,  Rlduoond,  tomj,  aged  Tt, 
uim^  Betaey  if^wning  Webaler. 

Suddenly,  aged  76,  KUaabetfa,  wild  of  T.  Wtad> 
ham,  eaq.  of  Wlacheater. 

Feb.  90.  At  BpaoB,  aged  46,  Dtan,  nHit  tf 
J.  W.  Bovill,  esq.  of  SontiuuBptOB. 

Fkb.  22.  At  Caaaadaqfua,  Oiitaiio»  U.l.  ObL 
Thomaa  Loogtanan  Stnart  Menteafh.fcniMrtf  IMh 
Lancers,  aeeood  boo  of  the  late  Bir  Gbarlai  On** 
Tille  Stuart  Menteath,  Bart,  of  Oloaetoni  tad 
Mancfleld. 

At  Roriaton,  co.  Meath,  a«ed  61,  CluiHiffc* 
Drake,  the  last  surviving  eon  of  Ootambna  Dniki, 
eeq.  of  Roriaton,  by  Ann,  only  daa.  of  CbiMepiNr 
Bamewall,  eaq.  of  Fynnitown  Oaetle,  co.  Meath, 
and  grandaon  of  Patrick  Drake,  of  Drakarath,  hf 
Frances,  third  daughter  of  James  O'Reilly,  e^.  of 
Roriaton.  He  married  first  Mary-AniM  daa.  tf 
Nicholas  Gannon,  eaq.  of  Ballyboy,  Iff  wbam  hi 
haa  left  one  aunriving  aon  CelnmlMU  FaMA 
Drake,  eaq.,  and  aecomlly,  Mary  eUleat  dao.  tf 
Alex.  SeoMBra,  eaq.  by  whom  he  had 
dren,  of  whom  tlunee  twtve,  two 
daughter. 

At  Wobum,  BedD.  aged  69,  Elisabeth,  retttt  tf 
Daniel  Sktnner,  eeq. 

/V6.24.    Gen.  Daniel  F.0>Lear7,  Her 
M^^aaty^s  MinMar  PlanipotentlMr  at 

At  Nice,  Sarah  relict  of  Lteot.  OoL 
heme  of  Caddell  and  Thonitoim. 

At  Bombay,  aged  >•,  WilUaa  Oralrix  ASM, 
only  aon  of  the  late  Lieut.  J.  Allan,  R  Jl.  of  Potna. 

March  i.  At  Madeira,  Mary-Anne,  eldflt  dn. 
of  Robert  Bloxam,  eaq.  Newport. 

March  2.    At  New  Orleans,  Thomaa 
brother  of  tiie  Ber.  Wm.  Dixon,  of  Tno. 

March  6.  At  Lege  Migslore,  ItaiW, 
Jane,  only  sunrivtng  dan.  of  Ttaamaa  S. 
eeq.  of  the  Manor  Houae,  TeddiufloB. 

In  Regent-aq.  St.  Paneras,  aged  6»,  ArebftaM 
MacDonnell,  eaq.  surgeon. 

March  6.  At  Paris,  aged  16,  AmeBa-OeevBlM- 
Basaipe,  granddau.  of  Sir  George  Haytar. 

At  Cbdtenham,  aged  76,  Mary,  widow  of  Tkei. 
Patrickson,  esq.  of  Blackheath. 

Mareh  7.  At  Peebles,  Alexander  Benton,  oeq. 
surgeon. 

March  8.  At  Clifton,  Ellaabeth-Baytef ,  will  tf 
Thomaa  Joaling,  eeq. 

At  New  York,  aged  34,  Charlee  Philip  Undmy, 
eaq.  eldest  and  only  surviving  son  of  Oie  lata 
Philip  Yorke  Lindsay,  eaq.  H.S.IX.S. 

Killed  by  an  accidental  exploaion  when  onper* 
inten(Ung  the  bUating  of  the  root  of  a  tree  wttk 
gunpowder.  First  Lieut.  William  Cnnnlngh— 
Symonda,  R.M.  youngest  aon  of  Bmr»A/BaiKU  9rf 
monda,  of  Yeatton  House,  Hants. 

At  Hill  House.  Rendham.  aged  78,  Lnor, 
sorviring  dau.  of  the  Vtet,  Henry  Wllttama,  m 
of  Marleaford,  Suffolk. 

March  9.  Aged  62,  Snaannali,  wils  of  Oipt«ta 
Jamea  Meeling,  of  the  Hythe,  Colcheater. 

At  Whalley  Abb«r,  Lane,  aged  22,  Jokn 
Whitie,  esq.  Lieut,  iat  Lancaahhre  MBItIa,  ^ 
aon  of  the  late  Captain  Whitla,  of  WhaUi^  AMif. 

March  10.  At  Kippendavie  Honae,  DanM«B^ 
Mary,  relkt  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Morraj,  offfllnMrtoiir. 

At  Springfield,  United  Stctea,  Boheit,  eUleol  an 
of  the  late  Robert  Gill  Ranaon,  esq.  of  Ipewleh. 

March  n.  At  Wiveliacombe,  lorn.  lfai«arfll- 
Minter,  reUct  of  the  Re?.  Edward  Baek,  Guafta  of 
St.  David's,  Exetar,  and  Chaplain  to  the  fttiliin 
of  AnapoUs  Royal,  Nova  Scotia. 

At  West  HaU,  Shetland,  aged  20,  Ced]to<Ana, 
eldest  dan.  of  Comm.  W.  U.  Brand,  BJT. 

At  Kingaey,  Canada,  Hnnriet,  aeooMd  daa.  of  tkt 
late  Lieut.-Gol.  William  Cox,  R.  Art 
Mmr€h\%.  Athiadangbtv'a.lionrleluiiidTS, 


1854.] 


Obituary- 


555 


Robert,  tf  dest  son  of  the  lata  Robert  Bojden,  gent, 
of  Korth  Gove«  Suffolk. 

Aited  55,  Robert  Cbambers,  esq.  of  Qnj*B  Inn, 
barraler-at-Uw. 

At  Mftlta,  aged  34,  Charles- WUHam,  yonnger 
■0B  of  the  late  Rer.  William  Amboor  Keating, 
Chaplain  Madras  Preridencj. 

At  King's  College,  Aberdeen,  aged  »6,  Dr  .Hngh 
Maepheraon,  Snb-principal,  and  lor  61  years  Pro- 
feMor  In  that  nniverstty. 

At  Bncton-park,  Heref.  aged  33,  Frederick  Jas. 
Vaughan  Qalliers,  esq. 

At  OoMenx,  Andrew  Hay,  esq.  son  of  late  Ib^or- 
Gen.  Hay,  of  Monntblalry,  Banffshire. 

At  Bneklngham,  aged  78,  ICchael  Macnamara, 

a.  Lient.  on  the  retired  list  of  the  Baral  Bucks 
Itia,  and  half-pay  of  the  late  First  Prorisional 
Battalion. 

Ifr.  James  W.  Melrin,  solidtor,  of  Swansea. 

In  London,  aged  37,  Ann-Wood,  wife  of  Mr.  T. 
H.  Thorp,  of  Ringmer,  Sussex,  youngest  dan.  of 
tiie  late  Rot.  Thorpe  Wra.  Fowke,  of  Sndbory. 

Marek  14.  At  Edinburgh,  James  Bmce,  eeq. 
§f  PowfonBs. 

Aged  46,  Mary-Hanson,  wift  of  the  Rer.  J.  W. 
Oo^,  Rector  of  St  Margaret*Sf  Norwich. 

At  Gloucester-terr.  Hyde-park,  aged  91,  John 
Crosby,  esq.  formerly  of  H.M.  Dockyard,  Forts- 
mouth. 

At  HaHfia,  aged  63,  WUUam  Edwards,  esq.  of 
ffighbury-place,  London. 

At  Sonthsea,  aged  77,  Sarah,  relict  of  Lieut. 
DaiiM  Green. 

At  Brighton,  EUM-Gonstantia,  relict  of  William 
Hawkins,  esq.  Madras  CItU  Service. 

At  Upper  Clapton,  aged  43,  Capt  Charles  Lan- 
caster, Madras  Horse  Art, 

At  Cold  Ashby,aged  19,  Henry-Tboe.  Mousley, 
of  St.  Oitharine  Hall,  Camb,  younger  son  of  the 
Rev.  William  Mousley,  Vicar  of  Cold  Ashby. 

In  Tork-pl.  Portman-eq.  aged  79,  Miss  Sarah 
Robinson. 

At  Dalston,  aged  6ft,  Sarah,  relict  of  Edward 
Beaton,  esq.  Sorgeon  R.N. 

Suddenly,  at  Calais,  aged  27,  Edward  Serree, 
esq.  fourth  son  of  the  Rer.  J.  S.  D.  Serres,  of 
Baaeboume,  near  Midhurst. 

At  Newport,  near  Stoekton-on-Tees,  aged  30, 
K.  H.  Simpson,  esq. 

In  the  Dominican  Convent,  Stone,  Staflbrdsh. 
the  Hon.  AppoHmia  Stourton,  sixth  dan.  of  the 
Ma  Lord  Stourton. 

In  £ndslelgh-st.  Tavistock^.  Janet,  wffo  of 
Thomas  Sutherland,  esq. 

At  Rye-lane,  Peekham,  aged  69,  Harriet,  widow 
of  Wm.  WooDcT,  esq. 

March  15.  At  Wanstead,  Essex,  aged  56,  Henry 
Chapman,  esq.  He  was  the  sixth  son  of  the  late 
Abel  Chapman,  esq.  of  Woodford,  by  Rebecca, 
dan.  of  Daniel  Bell,  esq.  He  married  at  Calcutta, 
In  1836,  Priscilla-Susan,  dan.  of  Edw.  Wakefield, 
esq.  and  has  left  issue. 

At  HeaTttree,  Deroa,  aged  6ft,  JuUaaa-Sosanna, 
widow  of  Prebendary  Dennis,  of  Exeter  i  and 
March  21,  Maria,  her  seoood  daog^ter. 

In  Westboume-pL  Hyde-park,  aged  83,  Laura- 
Honor,  reUct  of  Matthew  Ooewt,  esq.  nnBerly 
Viscount  of  the  island  of  Jersey. 

At  Aigbnrth,  near  Lirerpool,  Caroline-Mary, 
youngest  dan.  of  Charles  S.  Parker,  esq. 

Aged  63,  EUza-WUlis,  wifo  of  James  Webb 
Willis,  esq.  of  Oroye  House,  EnflM. 

At  Edinburgh,  Wilhelmina,  dan.  o<  the  late 
Dr.  Alexander  Wylie. 

March  16.  At  Draycott,  Shepton  Mallei,  agad 
79,  the  Rer.  J.  B.  Bristow,  Baptist  Mtaiitter. 

At  Stoke,  near  Devonport,  aged  78,  Dorothea- 
Anne,  widow  of  Lieut.-Colon^  Arthur  Bnnme, 
Ueut-Govemor  of  Kinsale  and  Charles  Fort. 

At  North-creeeent,  BedfonlUaq.  aged  76,  Miss 
LeCoq. 

In  Torrington-sq.  aged  71,  Frederidc  Crofton, 
esq.  Ute  Mj^or  23nd  Itagt. 

At  Stebhbig,  ImUf  in  kli  Snd  year,  Roger 


DswBon  de  Corerdale  Dawson  DufBeld,  only  son 
of  the  Rev.  R.  D.  Duffleld,  Rector  of  Calcethorpe, 
Lincolnshire. 

At  her  son-in-law's,  St.  JohnVwood,  aged  85, 
Susannah,  relict  of  the  Rer.  George  Edwards. 

At  LyndhuTst,  aged  63,  Henry  Hodges,  esq. 

At  Berkeley,  Gloac.  aged  56,  Roberti  Ftxnard- 
inge  Jenner,  esq.  He  was  Lleut.-Col.  of  the  Royal 
South  Gloucester  Militia,  a  Deputy-Lieut,  of  the 
county,  and  an  acttre  magistrate  for  upwards  of 
30  years.  He  was  the  only  son  of  the  celebrated 
Dr.  Jenner,  the  introducer  of  vaccination.  He 
was  of  Exeter  college,  Oxford;  B.A.  1819,  M.A. 
1822. 

in  Moorgate-st.  aged  99,  George  Mflner,  esq. 

At  Thombridge,  near  Bakeweu,  aged  90,  George 
Morewood,  esq. 

Susan-Barbara,  wifo  of  Sir  George  B.  Pocock, 
ef  York-st.  Porfonan-aq.  She  was  the  dan.  of 
the  late  Col.  Kelly,  of  Dean's-yard,  Westminster, 
and  was  married  in  1890. 

Ann,  wife  of  R.  Reynolds,  esq.  of  Romford. 

At  Southampton,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Amy  Russell. 

At  Didmarton  rectory,  Glonc.  aged  16,  Thomas, 
only  son  of  T.  W.  Scntt,  esq.  and  grandson  of  the 
late  Rev.  Thomas  Scutt,  of  Bri|^hton. 

Aged  34,  Letltia-Joanna,  wife  of  the  Rer.  J.  P. 
Sill,  of  Westhorpe. 

In  Wlmpo1e-8t.  Joseph  Albtn  Slack,  esq.  late  of 
Redboume  House,  Herts. 

At  Greenwich,  aced  65,  Maria,  dan.  of  John 
Westly,  esq.  late  of  Cheshunt,  Herts,  and  formerly 
of  St.  Petersburg. 

March  17.  In  London,  aged  33,  Edward  W. 
H.  Bell,  esq.  Drouty-Asaistant-Comm.-General, 
TOungest  son  of  William  Bell.  esq.  late  ofHJf. 
Paymaster-General's  Department,  Whitehall. 

At  Brixton,  aged  58,  Thomas  Mitchell  Ham- 
mond, esq.  surgeon. 

At  Weymouth,  aged  75,  Lyulsa-Hyde,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  J.  L.  Jackson. 

At  Tilgate-forest,  aged  82.  JnMa,  reHct  of  the 
Rev.  WilUam  John  JoUiffo,  and  mother  of  Sir 
W.  G.  Hylton  JoUiffo,  Bart.  M.P.  She  was  the, 
daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Sir  Abraham  Pytehes 
of  Streatham,  Knt.  and  sister  to  Peggy  Countess 
of  Covenhy,  great-grandmother  of  the  present 
Earl.  She  was  left  a  widow  in  1835.  having  Issue 
the  present  Baronet  and  another  son,  Lieut.  Gil- 
bert East  JoUiifo.  who  died  in  1833. 

Aged  23,  Isabella-Elizabeth-Chanter,  wife  of 
John  Maxwell,  esq.  solicitor,  of  Plymouth. 

At  Bridgend,  Anne,  wifo  of  Thomas  Popkin, 
esq.  solicitor. 

In  Newgate  prison,  Frederick  William  Beau- 
fort deMoteyns,  esq.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  Frederick  Ferriter  de  Moleyns,  an 
uncle  of  the  present  Lord  VIntry,  by  Elisabeth^ 
only  dau.  and  heir  of  Wm.  Croker,  esq.  of  Johns- 
town, CO.  Cork.  He  married  in  1826  Louisa, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Wm.  R.  Bronghton, 
R.N.  C.B.  In  1832  he  was  returned  to  narliament 
for  the  county  Kerry,  together  with  Mr.  Charles 
CConnell ;  and  in  1835  with  Mr.  Morgan  John 
O'Connell ;  but  at  the  election  of  1837  he  was  de- 
foated  by  Mr.  Blennerhasaett,  the  Conservative 
candidate.  On  Uie  8th  March  last  he  was  charged 
at  the  Mansion  House  with  having  forged  a  power 
of  attorney  for  the  sale  of  15901.  stock,  standing  in 
the  name  of  Mr.  R.  Annesley  Simpson,  and  having 
lUled  to  procure  bail  to  the  stipulated  amount 
(SOOOI.)  he  was  committad  to  Newgate,  where  he 
died  (according  to  the  verdict  of  the  coroner's 
jury,)  a  «*  Natural  Death." 

At  Whitby,  agad  81,  John  B(rtrtnaon,  esq. 
surgeon. 

At  Bath,  where  she  had  resided  for  many  years, 
Miss  Roe,  a  native  of  Warwick. 

At  Olanydon,   Anglesey,   aged   55,   Stephen 
Roose,  esq.  a  Deputy-Lieut,  and  Jostioe  of  the 
Peace  for  that  county. 
Aged  90,  Miss  Jane  B.  Slogdon,  of  Lympstone. 
At  laUngton,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Ann  Su^«A^. 


554 


Obituaey. 


[May. 


rdf.l.  At  rarU,  a««a  24,  Helen  GordflUa, 
eldest  sunriTlnR  daa.  of  U.  A.  A.  Davtai,  eeq.  of 
Crickbowell,  ttolicitor. 

At  Bath,  Mlm  Jane  Fovler,  late  of  CnUompton. 

In  her  37th  year,  LouUa,  wife  of  Mr.  J.  Nunne- 
ley,  dau.  of  \\.  H.  lleygate,  esq.  all  of  Market 
IlarboroiiKh. 

At  Bury-st.  St.  James's,  aged  29,  Capt.  Ghristo- 
pher  Sayers,  Deputy-CJommUsan'-gen.  at  Coylon, 
yuunRCAt  son  of  the  late  Kichanl  Sayers,  esq.  of 
Greenwood,  oo.  of  Dublin.  He  aenred  as  Aasisi- 
ant-CcHnmlssary-gen.  in  the  Kandian  rebellioa. 

In  ^ntpellier-fl(i.  BrompCon,  a^ed  72,  Charles 
David  Wilkinit  Terry,  esq. 

Fd>.  8.  At  Nottingham,  ai^ed  48,  Catharine. 
Morritt,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Uinde,  of  Win- 
wick  I'riory,  Lancashire,  only  child  of  Capt. 
Chad  wick,  22d  Drof^oonn. 

At  Claxton  <trange,  near  Oreatham,  aged  66,  T. 
Jobson,  esq. 

At  Ahmedabad,  aged  {I4,  Lieut.  H.  Pitcaim, 
S6tb  Bombay  Nat.  Inf.  third  son  of  John  Pitcalm, 
esq.  of  FinsbnryKrircni*. 

AtBombav,  Ueut.-Col.  John  Trltton,  10th  Hus- 
bars,  formerly  of  tlie  3d  Dragoons. 

Feb.  9.  At.  Vernon,  near  Langeais,  aged  62, 
Maria,  widow  of  Ue<H^  Henry  William  Beau- 
mont de  La  Barthe,  esq.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Capt.  PbiUp  Beaver,  K.N. 

In  Craven-hill-giirdens,  aged  30,  Wm.  Thomas 
Bowen,  erni. 

At  Springfield  Colony,  Antrim,  aged  51,  Maria^ 
Smear,  wife  of  Mi^or  Bicliard  Itollo  Houghton,  late 
73rd  Regt.  eldent  dau.  of  the  Uite  Iter.  Itichard 
Hardy,  D.D.  Rector  of  Looghboruugli. 

At  Portway  ViUa,  near  Kington,  Hercf.  aged  69, 
Thomas  Oliver,  eeq. 

At  Mancliester,  Jamaica,  Bobert  Craig  Thom- 
son, esq. 

At  Madrid,  Arthnr  Wm.  Thorold,  eeq.  youngest 
son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  B.  Thorold,  Rector  of 
Hougham-cum-Marston,  Lincolnshire. 

Feb,  10.  At  Luton,  Beds,  aged  G2,  Emily-Agnes, 
widow  of  Charles  Austin,  e9<i. 

By  a  fall  fl-om  his  horse,  aged  27,  William,  seeond 
s6n  of  George  Hitchcock,  esq.  of  Hinton  House. 

At  Shottisham,  the  residence  of  his  brother, 
Albert-Richard,  youngest  sou  of  the  late  Richard 
3Icrry,  e»q.  of  the  Hame  place. 

Feb.  11.  At  Peckham.  Elisalieth  -  Lncretia, 
youngest  and  only  surviving  child  of  the  late  Capt. 
Robert  Mackay  Clarke,  2nd  W.  1.  Regt.  niece  of 
the  Hon.  W.  Wel)b,  of  Now  Proviflenci',  Bahamas. 

At  Malta,  aged  17,  i;<lward  Cannichael  Clements 
Goodwin,  youngest  and  only  suniving  child  of  the 
late  Rev.  George  Harvey  Goodwin,  of  Denlmry, 
£»!iex. 

At  the  North  College,  Elgin,  David  Hmt,  eeq.  of 
Westerton,  and  of  the  Cth  Madras  Light  Caralrv. 

At  Hereford,  aged  36,  Henry,  fourth  son  of  Wil- 
liam Pulling,  esq. 

At  Clapham,  aged  73,  Miss  Bashflcld,  fbnoMrly 
of  Balham  Cottage. 

At  Amherstburgh,  Upper  Canada,  agc'<l  76,  £be- 
neser  Reynolds,  esq. 

At  Dalton-in-Fumc8H.  I^nc.  aged  88,  William 
Spence,  esq.  formerly  of  Bedale,  surgeon. 

At  Pen-y-Park,  near  Beaumiuris,  Anne,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  Robert  Williams,  itector  of  Beaumaris. 

At  Barnsbury-park,  Iiilington,  aged  78,  Mary, 
relict  of  Thomas  Wontncr,  ctq. 

Feb.  12.  At  Leamington,  aged  82,  William 
Clmpman,  esq.  He  was  Lieutenant  in  tlie  Rifle 
Brigade,  Captain  of  a  Portuguese  regiment,  and  in 
tlio  Carnarvon  Militia,  served  in  the  PcnhnsuUt 
and  was  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo. 

At  Whittlesford,  Camb.  aoed  83,  Lydia  Gunning; 
and  on  tlie  21st,  aged  81,  Eleanor  Gunnin{[,dst«r8 
of  Henry  Gunning,  Senior  Esquire  BedeU  of  tiia 
University  of  Cambridge,  of  whom  a  memoir  was 
given  in  our  February  Magailne. 

Suddenly,  at  the  parsonage,  Great  Yamumth. 
aged  70,  Diana,  widow  of  Rear-Admiral  Eilla,  of 
Ashen  Hall,  Essex,  third  dan.  of  the  late  Tboaiaa 


HammarslQr.  an.  of  PaU  MaU^aMl 
Ber.  Gaoroe  Hma,  Mtnialar  of  Tsii 

On  the  Nile, near ThrtM, aged  •I,A1*bA»M> 
coDd  eon  of  Sir  WUftred  Lavraoa,  Barb 

At  Aahboama,  Du^bfriL  aged  Bt,  Wm  Wtvmm 
ABBeWalkar. 

At  Bridge  Houao,  Rtrtnnmid,  lom^,  t|iA  !•» 
Miss  Betsey  Manning  Webaler. 

Suddenly,  acred  76,  EUaabeth,  will  of  T.  Woo*- 
ham,  eeq.  of  wlncliaiter. 

FA,  90.    At  BpioB,  agad  46,  Dtan,  vriM  tf 
J.  W.  Bovill,  esq.  of  SoathanptoB. 

FA.  22.    At  Cawandaq«^  Qataiio,  U.M.  Otet. 
Thomas  Longhnan  Stuart  Mentealh,fbnii«rl;f  IMk 
Lancers,  seeood  son  of  the  late  Sir  Chariaa  QiM 
Tille  Stuart  Menteath,  Bart,  of  Oloaabuf  Mi 
Mansfield. 

At  Roriston,  co.  Meath,  aged  6S,  CtaiM8|k» 
Drake,  the  last  surriviag  son  of  OoliimlmB  Dnki^ 
esq.  of  Roriaton,  by  Ann,  only  dan.  af  CtaiMaikV 
Bamewall,  esq.  of  Fynnafeown  CaaCIa,  eo.  MMttf 
and  grandson  of  Patriek  Drake,  of  Dnkanth,  %r 
Frances,  thhrd  daughter  of  Jamea  O'Reinj, «(.  of 
Roriston.  He  marrlad  flrrt  Mary<^Aniin  din.  tf 
Nicholas  Gannon,  esq.  of  Ball>-lioj,  tqr  ^  ~ 
has  left  one  surriving  son  Ootnmbaa 
Drake,  esq.,  and  secondly,  Mary  aldaat  daa. 
Alex.  Somera,  esq.  by  whwnha  had 
dren,  of  whom  tlunee  aurvtm,  two 
daughter. 

At  Wobum,  BedM.  aged  69,  ElJtabaill, 
Daniel  Skinner,  eeq. 

/V6.24.  Gen.  Denial  F.0»Lear7,Ilv 
Ma}eaty*s  MInMer  Flanipofeentiar|r  al  Bi 

At  Nice,  Sarah  relict  of  Unt.  OoL 
hame  of  Caddell  and  ThorntooB. 

At  Bombay,  aged  36,  WlUten  Qratete 
only  son  of  the  lata  Uent.  J.  Alkn,  BJI.  of  Fiwwfc 

Marehi,    At  Madeira,  Mary^nna,  eli«l  dflb 
of  Robert  Blokam,  esq.  Newport. 

March  2.    At  New  Orleans,  Thomaa  DiaB0««  iii» 
brotlier  of  the  Bar.  Wm.  Dixon,  of  To 

March  6.     At  Lege  Maggkra,  W 
Jane,  only  surviving  dan. 
esq.  of  tlie  Manor  Uooae,  Teddinglon. 

In  Regent-sq.  St.  Pancns,  aged  6», 
MacDonnell,  esti.  surgeon. 

Marth  6.    At  Paris,  aged  16, 
Baxaipe,  granddau.  of  Sir  George  Haytar. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  76,  Mary,  wldoir  of 
Patrickflon,  e^iq.  of  Blackheath. 

Mareh  7.    At  Peebles,  Alezasdar  Bnrtaa,  «t* 
surgi'on. 

Mardt  8.    At  Clifton,  EUiabeth-Biylij,  wife  tf 
Thomas  Josling,  eeq. 

At  New  York,  aged  34,  Chariee  FlilUp 
esq.  eldest  and  only  surriving  eon  of 
PhiUp  Yorko  Lindsay,  esq.  H.E.IX3.8. 

Killed  by  an  accidental  aKpkwlon  « 
intending  the  blasting  of  the  root  of  n 
gunpowdiar.  First  Lieut.  William 
hymonds,  R.M.  youngest  son  of 
monds,  of  Yeattim  House,  llania. 

At  HUl  House.  Rendham.  aged  Tt,  Lw 
snrrlrlng  dau.  of  the  ligrr,  umaj  WUlnms. 
of  Marlesford.  Suffolk. 

Marth  9.  Aged  62,  Soaannak,  wits  of 
James  Meeting,  of  the  Hytha,  CoidMBtv. 

At  Whalley  Abbey,  Lane  aged  It,  John 
Whitle,  esq.  Lieut,  ist  LaneaSdre  MBWa, 
son  of  Uie  late  Captain  Whitle,  of  Wkall^ 

JforeA  10.    At  Kippendavia  Honaa.  Dmi 
Blary ,  relict  of  the  Bar.  Dr.  Marr^r.  of  K 

At  itoringflekl.  United  Stataa,  PofcatL 
of  the  late  Robert  Gill  Ranaon,  eaq.  of  I| 

March  11.    At  WiraUaeombe, 
Minter,  relict  of  the  Bar.  Bdward 
St  Dartdti,  Ezatar.  and  Ohaglatn  to  thn 
of  Anapolis  Royal,  Nora  Seoon, 

At  West  Hall,  Shetland,  aged  90.  Om 
eldest  dan.  of  Comm.  W.  H.  Bnad,  BJI. 

At  Kiaga^,  Canada,  HnrlaLaBaoi 
Ute  Lieut.-Ool.  William  Coot,  R.  Art 

MonhXt,  At  - 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


657 


Margaret- Ansdall,  wife  of  Robert  Watkins,  esq. 
late  of  Arundel. 

Ann,  relict  of  Joseph  Ablett,  esq.  of  Llandbedr 
Hall,  Denbighshire.  She  was  the  eldest  dau.  of 
William  Bury,  esq.  of  Swlnton,  co.  Lane. 

In  the  Belgrave-road,  J.  H.  Brydon,  esq.  late  of 
Southampton. 

James  Clayton,  esq.  of  Percy-st.  Bedford-square, 
surgeon. 

At  Deptford,  aged  38,  Edward  Cowcher,  esq. 

At  Hamburgh,  aged  34,  Samuel  Edmonds,  esq. 
of  Bradford.  Wilts. 

At  Lee,  Kent,  Charles  Godwin,  esq.  of  the  Stock 
Exchange. 

Aged  67,  Wm.  Little,  esq.  of  Upper  Sydenham. 

At  VVTiiston  Priory,  Shr.  aged  36,  the  Hon.  Geor- 
giana-Louisa-Mary,  wife  of  Capt.  F.  Mostyn  Owen, 
44th  Foot.  She  was  the  youngest  dau.  of  Richard 
4th  Lord  Berwick,  by  Frances-Maria,  second  dan. 
of  Wm.  Mostyn  Owen,  esq.;  and  was  married  1845. 

At  Stock  well-green,  aged  64,  Charles  Bailey 
Pepper,  esq.  formerly  of  Great  Queen-street,  West- 
minster. He  was  the  father  of  John  Henry  Pepper, 
esq.  the  well-known  Professor  of  Chemistry  at  the 
Polyteclmic  Institution,  Regent-street. 

Aged  61,  Samuel  Spurrett,  esq.  of  Leicester. 

At  St.  Alban's  Villas,  Highgate-rise,  aged  67, 
John  Stride,  esq. 

At  Eensington-cresc.  aged  68,  Mary,  relict  of 
Daniel  Toohey,  esq. 

At  Sandgate,  Kent,  William-George- Wyndham, 
only  surviving  son  of  Francis  Tyssen,  esq. 

At  Lasswade,  near  Edinburgh,  aged  75,  J.  T. 
Walker,  esq.  formerly  of  South-st.  (uisbnry,  and 
Dorking,  Surrey. 

At  Kentish-town, aged  83,  J. Willing  Warren,esq. 

March  24.  At  the  Grove,  Haverfordwest,  Anne, 
eldest  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  James  Bowen, 
Rector  of  Roscrowther,  Pembrokeshire. 

At  Richmond,  aged  81,  Capt.  Carter,  late  Adju- 
tant in  the  North  Riding  Militia. 

At  Bonchurch,  I.  W.,  Louisa-Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Charles  Castleman,  esq.  of  St.  Ive's  House,  Hants, 
and  youngest  child  of  the  late  John  Hussey,  esq. 
of  Lyme,  Dorset. 

At  Hackney,  aged  38,  Thomas- Aquilla,  eldest 
son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Aquilla  Dale,  Louth,  Line. 

At  North-bank,  aged  78,  Lieut.-Gen.  Edward 
Darley,  formerly  of  the  61st  Regt. 

At  Stogumber,  Somerset,  Emma,  eldest  dau.  of 
George  Elers,  esq. 

At  Seaforth,  near  Liverpool,  Emma,  wife  of 
Richard  Fry,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  Pultcney  Mein,  esq.  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Pulteney  Mein, esq.  formerly  of  74th  Regt. 

At  Croydon,  aged  76,  Miss  Sarah  Bethia  lUce. 

At  Deptford,  aged  85,  John  DaWd  Rolt,  esq.  late 
of  the  Navy  Office,  chief  clerk  and  accountant  for 
stores. 

March  25.  In  Welbeck-street,  aged  72,  Anne- 
Caroline,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Blagrove, 
esq.  of  Abshot-house,  Hants,  and  Cardiff-hall, 
Jamaica. 

At  Edmonton,  aged  70,  Anna- Maria,  wife  of 
Eleazer  Booker,  esq. 

At  Windlesham,  Surrey,  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
Eliab  Breton,  esq. 

At  Kensington,  aged  68,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Ben- 
jamin Broadbridge,  esq. 

Mary-Ann,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert 
Etheredge,  of  Pulham,  Norfolk. 

At  Norwich,  aged  79,  James  Goodwin,  esq. 
solicitor. 

At  Forest  Rise,  Walthamstow,  aged  71,  Joseph 
Owen  Harris,  esq. 

At  Norton,  aged  86,  Thomas  Howes,  esq. 

At  UfTculme,  aged  83,  Miss  Jennefee  Jones,  only 
bister  of  the  late  John  Jones,  esq.  of  Franklyn. 

In  Victoria-road,  Kensington,  Adelaide,  wife  of 
George  Mackeson,  esq.  ^ 

In  her  fourth  year,  Ada-Elizabeth,  youngest 
dau .  of  John  Salt,  esq.  of  Gordon-sq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  81 ,  Sarah,  widow  of  Elias 
Taylor,  esq.  of  Shapwick  House,  Som. 


At  Bengeo  Lodge,  near  Hertford,  aged  83, 
Benedicta,  widow  of  Thomas  Wedgwood,  eaq.  of 
Over  House,  Buralem. 

Aged  20,  Alfi:^,  eldest  son  of  John  James 
Wilkinson,  esq.  of  Camberwell. 

i/orcA  26.  AtErdington,Warw.aged79,Anne, 
relict  of  Thos.  Bentley  Buxton,  esq.  of  Leicester. 

At  her  residence,  Dublin,  aged  90,  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Eliza  dowager  Countess  of  Clanricarde.  She  was 
dau.  of  t^e  late  Sir  Thomas  Burke,  Bart,  of 
Marble-hill,  co.  GMway,  and  was  married  in  1799 
to  John-Thomas  thirteenth  Earl  of  Clanricarde, 
who  died  27th  July,  1808,  leaving  issue  the  pre- 
sent Marquess  of  Clanricarde,  Hester-Catharine 
now  Marchioness  dowager  of  Sligo,  and  Emily  late 
Countess  of  Howth. 

At  Wotton-under-Edge,  Glouc.  aged  49,  George 
Clode,  esq.  formerly  of  Mark-lane. 

In  Hamilton-terr.  St.  John's-wood,  aged  67, 
Henry  Charles  Dakeyne,  esq.  He  was  the  eldest 
son  of  John  Deakin,  or  Dakeyne,  of  Bagthorpe 
House,  Barford,  Notts,  by  Anna-Maria,  widow  of 
Osmond  Beauvoir,  esq.  of  Downhall  hsJl,  Essex, 
and  dau.  and  coheir  of  Henry  Whirledge,  or 
Wolrich,  gent,  of  Coleorton,  co.  Leic.  (See  the 
genealogy  contributed  by  Mr.  Dakeyne  to  Burke's 
Landed  Gentry,  and  Nichols's  Topographer  and 
Crenealogist.)  He  married  Mary,  only  dan.  of 
the  late  John  Gaunt,  esq.  of  Leek,  co.  Staflbrd, 
and  had  issue  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Aged  82,  William  Darey,  esq.  of  Bamham  cot- 
tage, near  Thetford,  NorfoUc. 

Aged  60,  Mrs.  Hannah  Falcke,  of  Oxford-st. 
relict  of  Jacob  Falcke,  esq.  of  Great  Yarmouth. 

In  Great  Ormond-st.  aged  51,  Mary,  relicTof 
George  Holmes,  esq. 

At  Bath,  Mary,  reUct  of  Lt.-Col.  MarshaU,  R  Jf . 

In  Bruton-st.  aged  78,  Joanna,  relict  of  D.  B. 
Murphy,  esq.  of  Ealing. 

At  Brighton,  Catharine,  wifs  of  James  Fleming 
Ward,  esq. 

At  Mucking  Hall,  Essex,  aged  40,  Eliza,  wife  of 
John  Sawell,  esq. 

At  Southmolton,  aged  80,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Sibbett. 

March  27.  At  Edinburgh,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
the  late  Narcissus  Batt,  esq.  Pnrdysbum,  BelCsst. 

In  Pimlico,  aged  60,  Lucy,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  William  Capon,  esq.  the  well-known  archi- 
tectural draughtsman  and  scene-painter  of  West- 
minster. 

At  Dresden,  aged  22,  Anna-Sidonia,  wife  of 
James  Gay  Child,  esq. 

At  Fermoy,  Ireland,  aged  24,  William  Henry 
Hopkinson,  Capt.  62nd  Regt.  onlr  soaofW.  L. 
Hopkinson,  esq.  St.  Martin's,  Stamford. 

At  Ely,  aged  64,  Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Figott, 
esq.  solicitor. 

At  Islington,  aged  8 1 ,  Mary- Ann,  widow  of  Major 
Saffery,  formerly  of  Downbam,  Norf61k,and  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Charles  Morris,  esq.  of  Loddington 
Hall,  Leicestershire. 

Aged  65,  John,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Bei^amln 
Waterhouse,  esq.  of  Jamaica,  and  Rnssell-sq. 

March  28.  Aged  68,  Henry  Blanshard,  esq.  of 
Great  Ormond-st. 

Aged  68,  Sarah-Anne,  wife  of  O.  Dyer,  esq.  of 
Princess's-terr.  Albert-road,  Regent's-park. 

At  the  rectory.  Long  Melford,  aged  19,  Matilda, 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  Augustus  Brydges  Hen- 
niker,  Bart. 

At  Alton,  Hants,  aged  72,  Deborah,  widow  of 
John  Hooper,  esq.  of  Kennington,  surgeon. 

In  Upper  Seymour-st.  West,  Augusta,  wife  of 
Ralph  Howitt,  esq. 

In  Dorset-pl.  aged  73,  Susannah,  relict  of  Alex- 
ander Copland  Hutchison,  surgeon  R.N. 

In  the  Old  Kent-road,  aged  49,  William  Hopkina 
Kilpin,  esq.  formerly  of  Ungsclere,  Hants. 

Aged  75,  Mr.  Nathaniel  Palmer,  solicitor.  Great 
Yarmouth. 

At  Upper  Walmer,  aged  63,  Miss  Elizabetb 
Pilcher. 

At  Bath,  aged  80,  Robert  Radclyffe,  esq.  of  Foz- 
denton  Hall,  Lancaah. 


558 


Obituary. 


[M»y. 


At  ttM  Han,  B«ytr1er,  «^d  di,  ICn.  Walker. 
March  IQ.    At  KUcUre-terr.  WMtboara-park- 
road ,  aged  7 1 ,  Sfary-Ann ,  widow  of  Thomai  Amottt 

^At  Eastry  House,  Kent,  Comm.  Cbai.  Hongham 
Baker,  R.N.  He  was  a  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Charles 
Baker.  Vicar  of  Tilmeratone,  Kent,  and  nephew  to 
Vlce-Adm.  Sir  Thomas  Baker,  K.C.B.  He  en- 
tered the  navy  in  1846,  was  for  thirteen  years  on 
AUl-pay,  was  made  lient.  in  1838,  and  Com- 
mander  1846.  He  served  during  the  Cliinese 
campaigns  in  1840  and  1841. 

At  Bridgwater,  aged  09,  John  Bowen,  esq. 

At  Speen-hill,  near  Newbnry,  aged  65,  Jerd 
Bonnv,  eaq. 

At  Hurst,  Berks,  aged  84,  Dorothy,  widow  of 
Leonard  Currie,  esq. 

At  the  Ketreat,  Lewisham,  aged  69,  ICary,  wife 
of  Alexander  GalUway,  retired  Conmi.  R.N. 

At  L.eice8ter,  aged  83,  Mrs.  Sophia  Cam  Nichol- 
aon,  relict  of  the  Rev.  J.  Nicholson,  Rector  of 
imdial,  Herts. 

At  Bow,  Middleaex,  aged  81,  John  Parker,  esq. 
lAte  of  the  ward  of  Fortsoken,  eldest  son  of  the 
Ute  Rev.  John  Parker,  of  Castle  Carrock  and 
Camrew,  Cumberland. 

At  Stamford-hill,  aged  38,  Webster  Simpson, 
eaq.  of  Stamford-hiU  and  Great  Tower-st.  son  of 
fba  Ute  Geddes  M.  Simpson,  esq. 

At  St.  Peter's,  Thanet,  aged  79,  Miss  Ann  Tom- 
lin.  late  of  the  Dane,  Margate. 

At  Staindrop,  aged  89,  John  Trotter,  esq.  for- 
merly Colonel  of  the  Durham  Local  MilitiA,  a 
magistrate  and  Deputy-Lieut,  of  tiiat  county  for 
■La^  years. 

At  Brussels,  aged  ^,  Charles,  sixth  son  of  the 
Ute  Francis  Watkins,  esq.  of  Whitby,  Yorks. 

At  Scarborough,  aged  68,  Harriet,  dau.  of  the 
late  Sam.  Wormald,  esq.  of  York. 

March  30.  At  the  Wameford  Hospital,  Leam- 
ington, aged  24,  Henry  James  Franks,  esq.  M.D. 
resident  surgeon  of  the  establishment,  and  second 
son  of  the  Rev.  J.  Franks,  M.A.  of  Whittlesey, 
near  Peterborough. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  aged  15,  Elix»>MariA- 
Oeorgiana,  only  dau.  of^  u^.  Marryat  CKimm, 
Madras  Nat.  Art. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  63,  William  Jackaon,  eaq. 
latesuperintendiiu;  surgeon  n.£.I.C.S. 

Aged  64,  Samuel  Rutherfoord,  esq.  surgeon,  of 
St.  Qeorge's-inothe-£ast. 

At  Warminster,  aged  73,  Mr.  T.  P.  Ubedell,  of 
the  late  firm  of  Ll)sdell  and  Prioe,  timber  deal- 
era,  &«. 

At Ghistonbunr,  aged  78, Moaes  Underwood,  esq. 

March  31.  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Richard  Boulton,  esq.  of  Harrock  Hall,  near 
Standish,  Lane. 

At  Badley-green,  Middleaex,  aged  75,  Commia- 
aary-Oen.  J.  Dickens,  snedal  commiaaioner  of  pro- 
perty and  income  tax,  &c. 

At  Weatboumo-grove,  Bayswater.aced  10,  Wil- 
liam-Augustus, second  son  of  M^or  W.  T.  Lajard, 
Ceylon  Rifle  Eegt. 

At  Fah-  Oak,  aged  15,  Mary-Georgina,  only 
•hild  of  the  Hon.  John  Carnegie. 

At  Stratford-on-Avon,  aged  54,  John  Getley,  esq. 

Aged  3^,  Margaret,  wire  of  J.  A.  Groome,  esq. 
Of  King's  Langley. 

At  Tilgate  Forest,  aged  8,  Montagne-Henry- 
Hylton,  fifth  son  of  Sir  W.  Hylton  Jolliffe,  Bart. 

At  Oswestrv,  Salop,  aged  63,  Thomas  Potter 
Macqueen,  eaq.  late  of  Ridgemount,  Beds. 

In  Gloucester-road,  Kegent's-park,  Augustus 
Henry  Moore,  of  South-sq.  Gray*s-{nn,  solicitor. 

Aged  48,  Richard  Radford  Robinson,  esq.  of 
Camberweli. 

At  Blandford,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Eliza  Ann  Rogers. 

At  Leiceater,  aged  75,  Sarah,  wife  of  Mr.  Alder- 
man Rowlett. 

Lately,  Misa  Chambers,  of  Rugby,  sister  of  Mrs. 
Belgrave,  of  North  Kilworth. 

At  Feckenham,  affed  78,  the  last  of  the  Clark- 
aofis,  who  have  offloated  as  cletks  of  that  pariah 


for  vpvardi  of  two  Imndred  yean.   Ite : 

part  of  his  life  was  spent  hi  the  amy  a 
k^or  in  the  Artillery.  When  hA  aoeeaaded  his 
lather  he  became  tlie  tutor  of  ehoir  after  choir, 
and  the  Feekenham  atDgara  ar*  ttaebeal  rvak  ekeir 
In  the  county. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  67,  Edward  Blddla,  eaq. 
F.R.A.S.  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  Head  Haitiir 
of  the  Greenwich  Hospital  Schools. 

AprU  1.  At  Upton  Park,  Sk>u|^,  Md  45, 
Anna-l|ana.  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Gkaries 
Champneys,  Rector  of  St.  George  with  St.  Beieiph, 
London,  and  VieAr  of  WyrardiiAmry,  Bncka. 

At  Dorchester,  aged  22,  Ada,  the  only  child  of 
the  Rev.  Dacre  Clemetson. 

At  South  Bank,  Regent's  Park,  aged  34,  Jaaes 
Green  eso 

In  Hyde  Park-aq.  aged  88,  LeMtia-HaBatoa, 
relict  of  Robert  Hibbert,  esq.  of  ChaU^nt  Park, 
Bocks.  She  was  the  dan.  of  Fredn  Itanbhari, 
eaq.  of  Jamaiea ;  and  waa  married  hi  118i. 

Margaret,  wifo  of  Thomaa  Ho^xea,  eaq.  ef 
Yatrad,  Denbighahire. 

At  HartweU,  near  Ayleabury,  Bueka,  Oeeflia, 
wife  of  John  Lee,  eaq.  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  Ibo. 

Aged  79,  Miss  Loat,  of  Clapham-eoaun.  Surey. 

At  Lexden  Manor,  near  Colchealer,  afad  88, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  PapUlon. 

At  Swansea,  aged  87,  Hannah,  widow  of  J. 
Stroud,  esq.  of  the  Arm  of  Sir  Jamea  Jelfi  aad 
Co.  bukers;  mother  of  W.  Strood,  eaq.  and 
Capt.  James  Stroud,  R.N.  all  of  Swanaea)  and 
aunt  to  Mr.  A*  P.  HoUaod,  Wilta  Conntiy  AqfHim, 
Devizes:  and  at  Bradford,  Yorkshire,  a«»d  if, 
Richard,  only  surviving  son  of  Mr.  0.  (SirvaCh, 

Smdson  of  the  Ute  Rev.  R.  CarvetiOi,  of  ¥hnere 
urt,  Glooe.  incumbent  of  Elmore  and  Longney, 
and  nephew  to  the  above  Mrs.  Stroud. 

At  Cambridge,  aged  27 ,  Edward  Brenlon  Vaace, 
eaq.  Fellow  of  King's  college,  and  tiiM  aorvivkig 
son  of  the  late  George  Vance,  M.D. 

AprU%,  At  Tiverton,  aged  85,  Sarah,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Ute  John  Qovctt,  sen.  eaq.  aorgeon. 

At  Coleme,  WUts,  Mary,  wife  of  the  B«v.  00- 
bert  Ileathcote. 

Aged  77,  S.  MacQuoid,  esq.  Stanley<^).  Obelaea. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  74,  Ana,  widow  of  N.  Wether- 
ton,  eaq. 

At  Amwell-grove,  Herta.  and  Uto  of  Watling  at 
London,  aged  71,  Stafford  Nortbcoto,  eaq. 

Aged  27,  Revel-Grime,  eldest  809  of  Itovel 
PhilHpe,  esq.  of  Middle  Temple,  barrlaier-at-Iaw. 

At  Horence,  GeorgUna-Clementlna,  wife  ef  the 
Rev.  John  Sloper,  of  West  Woodhay,  Berka. 

At  Doncaster,  aged  90,  Matilda,  widow  of  John 
White,  eaq.  dau.  or  the  late  Rev.  Thomaa  Denton, 
Rector  of  Ashtead,  Surrey. 

At  the  Abbey,  Holme  Cultram,  Cumberland, 
Mary,  wife  of  Ashley  H.  Wilson,  esq. 

AprU  3.  At  Brampton  Bryan,  Heref.,  Marion- 
Stuart-Cave,  wife  of  the  Rev.  N.  E.  Bahlwin, 
Curate  of  that  place. 

At  Shirley,  near  Southampton,  aged  77,  EUen- 
Greene,  relict  of  Peter  Berthon,  eaq. 

At  Perth,  Sh-  John  Bisset,  K.C.H.  and  K.OB. 
He  held  the  office  of  Commissary  of  the  Forces 
under  the  Duke  of  Wellington  during  the  whole 
of  the  Peninsular  war,  and  was  appdnted  a  C<wi- 
missary-General  in  1811.  He  waa  knighted  in 
1832,  and  nominated  K.C.B.  in  1850.  By  his 
death  a  pension  of  5501.  has  reverted  to  the  Crown. 
Sir  John  was  a  native  of  Perth,  and  ha  realded 
there  for  many  years  past. 

In  Bloomfleld-road,  Maida-hill,  aged  &a,  Eliaa- 
both,  wife  of  William  Cotton,  eao.  of  the  Audit 
Office,  Somerset  House,  and  dau.  of  t^e  Uta  Joeeph 
Whitfield,  esq.  of  Faringdon. 

At  Cranbrook,  Kent,  aged  37,  William-Henry, 
second  son  of  Charles  R.  Harford,  eaq.  of  Kntlaad- 
gate.  Hyde-park. 

Anne,  win  of  J.  T.  Hosklna,  eaq.  of  Rk^unond, 
Surrey. 

Aged  31 ,  Mr.  Jamea  Hereford  Jerwood,  lorgeon, 
of  River-terrace  North,  Islington. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


559 


At  Drogheds,  aged  71,  Mary- Anne,  wife  of  Fre- 
derick Lacy,  esq. 

At  Cambridge,  aged  77,  IbiT-Ann,  widow  of  ilie 
Rev.  Qtio.Leapingwell, Vicar  of  High  £a8ter,EaMZ. 

Aged  64,  Susanna,  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Lowe, 
Rector  of  Ardley,  Oxfordah. 

In  Montague-pl.  Rnssell-aq.  aged  15,  JnUana, 
youngest  chUd  of  the  late  C.  L.  Phillipt,  esq. 

At  Guildford,  aged  68,  Jchn  Band,  esq. 

At  Kensington,  aged  68,  James  Wiaa^  esq. 

April  4.  Jane,  wife  of  John  Allen,  esq.  M  J>.  of 
Comber. 

At  firentry,  Glonc.  aged  48,  William  Cave,  esq. 

Aged  58,  Mary-Ann,  relict  of  Thomas  Clay,  esq. 
late  of  Brighton. 

At  Bishop's  Wilton,  at  an  advanced  age,  J.  de- 
ments, esq.  surveon,  formerly  of  DrUBeld. 

At  Stamford-hill,  aged  47,  Arthur  Craven,  esq. 

At  Bailbrook,  near  Bath,  Anne,  eldest  dan.  of 
the  late  Daniel  Deale,  esq.  of  Faverabam. 

At  Limerick,  aged  10,  Howard,  eldest  son  ol 
Lient.-Col.  Douglas,  Assiatant  AdJuiant-Gen. 

Tlie  Right  Hon.  Maria  Viscountess  Gort.  She 
was  the  eldest  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  Standiah 
O'Grady,  first  Visconnt  Guillainore,and  Lord  Chief 
Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  Ireland,  by  Katharine, 
2nd  dau.  of  John  Thomas  WaRer,  esq.  of  Castle- 
town, CO.  Limerick ;  was  married  in  1814,  and  baa 
left  a  very  numerous  funily. 

At  Lower  Clapton,  aged  68,  Miss  Sophie  Hooff- 
stetter. 

At  Montpelier,  in  France,  Oeorgina-He&rietta, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Admiral  Sir  Charles  Henry 
Knowles,  Bart. 

At  Holywood,  Belfest,  Jane,  wife  ol  Jamee  D. 
Marshall,  M.D.  and  eldest  dan.  of  Sheridan 
Knowles,  esq. 

In  Jersey,  Capt.  John  Morris,  H.C.S.  late  of 
3Ianantoddy,  East  Indies. 


At  Sftetehworth,  Elisabeth,  wife  of  Uie  Rev. 
William  Thorpe,  Vicsr,  and  youngest  dan.  of 
tbelate  Thomas  Smyth,  esq.  of  East  Dereham. 

In  Suffblk-pl.  Anne,  wife  <rf  John  Wray,  esq. 
and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Cox,  eeq.  of 
Peterborough. 

April  5.  In  Clarges-«t  aged  80,  the  Hon. 
Edmund  Byng,  nncle  to  Vlscoont  Torrlngtoii. 

In  Qneen-sq.  Westminster,  aged  46,  EUxiaiettif 
younfrest  dau.  of  the  late  Fnmda  Fladgats,  esq. 

At  Ditehley,  Brentwood,  Percy-Philip,  ypnnflest 
son  of  the  Rev.  B.  Eraser,  Rector  of  Chsrwai, 
Kent. 

At  Northiam,  aged  94,  Elizabetfa,  widow  of 
John  Glidwiah,  esq.  of  <Mpp*t  Ewhnrst 

At  Epsom,  aged  77,  Alice,  eldest  sister  of  llie 
late  Richard  Harvey,  esq. 

At  Acton,  aged  63,  James  HoweD,  esq.  of  Sonlli- 
ampton-et.  Fitxroy-aq.  Chnrcbwerden  of  St  Ann'k, 
Soho. 

In  Argyll-at.  Geoiwe  Smith,  esq.  soUclior. 

At  Hastings,  aged  64.  Capt.  John  Trotter, 
R.A. 

At  Great  Easton,  Essex,  EHaabetli,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  T.  R.  Wame,  and  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  John 
Gindngham,  esq.  of  Walworth,  Surrey. 

At  Weymouth,  acnd  67,  Lcmiaa,  youngest  dan. 
of  the  late  William  wiUmott,  esq.  of  Sheitome. 

Sophia-Mafnuret,  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  John 
Worrell,  esq.  Oomm.  R.N. 

April  B.  At  CUfton,  Mary-Ann,  wife  of  Joseph 
Allen,  esq.  late  of  Upper  CHonoeiter-pl.  Dorwt- 
square,  and  Wnrmimtti. 

Aged  81,  T.  H.  Amhroee,  esq.  of  Mancbeeter-oq. 

iU  Bristol,  Mmd  91,  Thomas  Daniel,  esq. 

April  15.  iiter  a  diort  illness,  S<mhia,  the  be- 
loved wife  of  FbUlp  Parker,  esq.  of  Chew  Magna, 
Somerset,  and  youngest  daughter  of  the  late 
JaoMs  Haifnrd,  esq.  of  the  same  plaoe. 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
(From  th9  Returfu  iiiued  5y  the  Eegistrar-Oeneral.) 


Deaths  Registered 

s  S 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

Under 
15. 

15  to 
60. 

60  and 
upwards. 

Age  not 
specified. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Mar.        25  . 
Apr.           1  . 

11        8  • 
,1      15  . 

614 
702 
556 
521 

851 
500 
353 
365 

235 
282 
228 
196 

5 
5 

4 

1200 
1489 
1142 
1086 

622 

829 

:      589 

-      535 

1 

578 
660 
663 
661 

1806 
1946 
1742 
1573 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Apbil  21. 


Wlieat. 
«.    d, 

78    3 


Barlej. 

«.    d. 

36  10 


Oats. 
«.    d. 
27    6 


Rje. 
«.    d, 
44    0 


Beans. 

«.    d. 

45    7 


P6tt» 

t.   if. 

i2    8 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  ApmiL  24. 
Snsaex  Pock:eU,  9/.  Of.  to  11/.  8e.— Kent  Poekets,  1 W.  0«.  to  171.  Of. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Apftii  94. 

Hay,  4/.  0«.  to  5/.  lOt.— Straw,  1/.  12t.  to  21.  2f.— Clorer,  41. 16f.  to  61.  6ff. 

SMITHFIELD,  April  24.    To  sinli  the  Offal— par  stona  of  81hs. 


Beef 

3*. 

Ocf.  to  4«. 
6d,  to  b9. 
6d,  to  b9. 
Od,  to  4f . 

4d. 

Mutton 

3*. 

Od. 

Veal 

4*. 

8<f. 

Pork 

3*. 

8d. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  April  24. 

Beasts 4,445   CaWes  167 

Sheep  and  Lambs  21,470   Pigs      380 


COAL  MARKET,  April  21. 
Walls  Ends,  flee.  16ff.  Od.  to  26«.  Od.  per  ton.    Other  sorts,  16t.  M.  to  18t.  9d. 
TALLOW,  pw  cwt.— Town  TUlow,  64f .  94.     T^Uow  Bnsiiai  66#.  M. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY 

BY 

w. 

CAHY.  S 

TKAND. 

From  March  W,  to  April  S3,  1S54^  ioM  inelutivt. 

Pihrenheit'g  Therm.            i 

F«hrenheif(i  Thenn. 

6-2 

ir,  d  i?s 

e 

•35';t.S,  =■  i^Si     i 

II 

11 

z  L2Z 

Weither. 

U 

!l 

1 

Mil 

WeMher. 

Hit. 

• 

"T" 

• 

in.  pts. 

Apr. 

■> 

n.pu. 

26 

45 

5i 

iS 

29,87 

ruD,cldT.rui 

n 

44 

61 

44 

30.11 

cIdj.hTr.imui 

V 

46 

53 

u 

30,17 

cloDdr,  Fair 

12 

43 

56 

45 

,31 

do. 

iS 

46 

59 

46 

.30 

do.  do. 

13 

45 

63 

46 

,  12 

do. 

89 

52 

60 

44 

do.  do. 

14 

18 

61 

46 

<  11 

do. 

30 

50 

57 

44 

las 

do.  do. 

15 

50  1  63  1  46 

,  10 

fur,  dood; 

31 

48 

58 

44 

,37 

fair 

16 

51     51  1  44 

,  18 

A.I 

S3 

66 

51 

,85 

do. 

17 

41  1  52     42 

do.  do. 

2 

SO 

61 

51 

,41 

do.  cloadf 

18 

55  ;  63     50 

,09 

do.  do. 

3 

50 

57 

44 

,49 

do. 

19 

56  1  72     44 

89,94 

do.  do. 

4 

48 

56 

46 

,46 

do. 

20 

56  1  72  i  56 

.67 

do.  do.  rain 

5 

49 

61 

50 

.38 

do. 

21 

60  ■  67     58 

,45 

do.  nin 

6 

51 

m 

49 

.36 

do. 

22     50  )  69  !  42 

.44 

nin,  cloodr 

7 

51 

63 

52 

,35 

do. 

23     38  1  45     38 

,93 

f«ir,  cloudf 

6 

51 

65 

52 

,  Is 

do. 

24  !  10     18  ^  36 

30,89 

=Ij*.*.n..U. 

9 

51 

68 

45 

,14 

do. 

25  i  38  1  47     43 

,39 

do.  fkir 

10 

51 

51 

40 

,19 

clondr 

<  I 

■81     ; 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 

s  .    s     -Is  8  -s 

1-3  ^rui^"  "■  1 


_22a   2  die. 

-220     7  iadu.2pm. 
I   224    10  25du,  2dli. 


M7 
87i 
87» 

«JMJ'— — — 

S9i 

B9 ;115     

set 

m  4  — 

B71 

mi 

«;i — 1 — : — 230 

22-* 

4di,.2pm 

1 

2;io 

2  pm. 

pmr 

VVfi 

3dis.2pm 

por 

3  dii.  pai 

pw. 

235 

par. 

88|  881,  4J    — ^- 

88      I  88      41  '  ' 

87»  874    4} 

87}  871   41 

fl7i  en,  4t 


J.  J.  AENULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Cbimberi,  Angel  Court. 

Thtd^mortoD  Street,  London. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AHD 

HISTOIUCAL  REVIEW. 

JUNE,  1854. 


CONTENTS. 

FAGS 

rnxOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— Descendants  of  Joeeph  Hall  BUbop  of  Norwich— Error  in 
Burke's  Heraldic  Visitations— Ring  and  Knee-buckle  of  Charles  L— Portrait  of  John 
Hales— New  edition  of  the  Septnaglnt— Inaccorate  representation  of  Launch  of  Royal 
Albert  in  Illustrated  News 668 

Leaves  from  a  Rtusian  Parterre • 563 

History  of  Latin  Christianity ,  569 

Our  Lady  of  Montserrat ••,.'. 576 

Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie , ,  581 

Mansion  of  the  Dennis  Family  at  Pncklechurob,  co.  Glonoeater  (tc^M  en  Bngramng)  590 

The  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes 592 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— A  Plea  for  the  threatened  aty  Chnrchea 
—The  British  Museum  Library— Tlie  Urte  Hasler  of  Sherbum  Hospital— Original  Letter 
and  Anecdotes  of  Admiral  Vernon— Oversights  of  Schiller  and  Shakspere MM 

NOTKS  OF  THE  MONTH.- The  Crystal  Palace  at  Sydenham— Memorial  of  the  Qieat  Exhibi- 
tion of  1851— Trade  Museum— Scotish  Industrial  Museum— Chelmsfiard  Museum— IMtish 
Museum— Royal  Society— Anniversaries  <rf  the  Royal  Geographical,  Zoological,  and  Ificro- 
scopical  Societies— Inauguratlve  Meetings  of  the  Bristol  and  Surrey  ArchaMlogical  Societies 
—Cambridge  Meeting  of  the  Archteologlcal  Institute— Sussex  Arehfe<rt^i;iQal  Society— 
Arihseological  and  Architectural  Meeting  at  Leicester  —  Camden  Society— Shakspere 
Society— The  Philobiblon— Anniversaries  of  the  Literary  Fund  Society,  I'rinters*  Pension 
Society,  and  Artists'  Benevolent  F^nd— The  Art  Union— London  Statues— Wellington 
Monument  at  GnUdliall-  Vacant  spare  near  St.  Paul's  Cathedral— Lord  Charles  Towns- 
hend's  Hctures— Hogarth*s  portrait  of  Mrs.  Garrick— French  Pictures— Panorama  of  Berlin 
—Restoration  of  Brighton  Parish  Church— Swaffham  Church— Foreign  Literary  Intelligence       604 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— The  Old  Printer  and  the  Modem  Press, 
bv  Charles  Knight,  610 ;  llie  Land  of  Promise ;  or.  My  Impressions  of  Australia— Pooley's 
Note.1  on  the  Cross  of  Holy-Rood,  Glouc.  61S ;  Chorley  on  Modem  German  Music,  618; 
Hie  Organon  of  Aristotle,  translated  by  0.  F.  Owen,  614 ;  C.  R.  Smitii's  Catalogue  of  his 
Mnsoum  of  Antiquities ;  and  Collectanea  Antiqua,  Part  III.— Various  Works  on  The(^k>gy, 
61.') ;  Tymms's  Handbook  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's— Holt's  Janus,  fcc.,  and  Mlaa  Parkes's 
Summer  Sketches  and  other  Poems 616 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— The  Arch8Bol<Mcical  Institute,  617 ;  British  Archsaologieal 
Association,  621 ;  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  NewcasUe-upon-Tyne,  622;  CaDOnidge  Antt- 
(luarian  Society— Norih  Oxfordshire  Archsmlogicttl  Society— SufMk  Institttte  of  Arehss* 
ology,  G23 ;  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Arclueoloftteal  Society,  626 ;  Yorkshire  Antlqiuurian 
CI ub— Kilkenny  and  South  iiUtst  of  Ireland  Archseological  Society,  626 ;  Greek  Sling-bnUeta       687 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  628 ;  Domestic  Occurrences  681 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  632 ;  Births,  634 ;  Marriages 


OBITUARY;  with  Memoirs  of  The  Duke  of  Parma;  The  Marquess  of  Anglesey;  TheEariof 
I.ichfleld  ;  Lord  Colbome;  Lord  Cockbura ;  The  Knight  of  Glin ;  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  C.  W. 
Thornton  ;  Rear-Adm.  GUTord ;  Colonel  W.  £.  Powell ;  Colonel  W.  Acton ;  Robert  Rad- 
clyfTe,  Esq. ;  John  Davies  Gilbert,  Esq. ;  Thomas  Plumer  Halsey,  Esq. ;  Mr.  Alderman 
Thompson;  Mr.  Alderman  Hooper;  Richard  De  Beauvotr  Beniran,  Esq.;  Frederick 
Hodgson,  Esq. ;  Michael  Qraiebrook,  Esq. ;  John  Dickey,  Esq. ;  Colonel  K.  L.  Godfiney ; 
l{cv.  Dr.  Wardlaw;  Rev.  Dr.  CoUyer;  ProiiBSsor  Jameson;  Profcasor  Wilson;  James 
.MontKomery,  E-^q. ;  George  Newport,  Esq.,  F.R.3. ;  Edward  BkkUe,  Esq.  F.K.  Ast.  8. ; 
Mr.  F  Croll;  Mr.  David  Vedder 6S7-«tt 


Clerot  Dbckaseo >. 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order  664 

RegiHtrar-Gcneral's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  MetropoUa— Markets,  671;  Metoorokigieal 
Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 


Bt   SYLVANUS  URBAN,   Geht. 


562 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


The  Rev.  G.  C.  Gorham  will  be  obliged 
to  any  one  who  can  inform  him  whether 
there  are  existing  any  descendants  of  Dr. 
Joseph  Hall,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  and 
afterwards  of  Norwich.  He  would  also  be 
glad  of  any  genealogical  notices  of  the 
Bishop* s  family  ;  or  references  to  them  if 
any  such  have  been  published. 

In  the  genealogical  publications  of  Mr. 
Burke,  now  Ulster  King  of  Arms,  there 
are  doubtless  many  foolish  things,  which 
have  been  supplied  by  vain  and  credulous 
correspondents,  whose  contributions  tho 
Editor  did  not  care,  or  did  not  venture, 
to  prune :  but  we  think  few  will  be  found 
which  can  equal  in  absurdity  one  that  has 
been  pointed  outtousby  Wiltoniensis. 
In  Burke's  Heraldic  Illustrations,  Supple- 
ment, Plate  IX.  is  a  print  professing  to 
represent  the  coat  of  Charles  John  Long- 
croft,  esq.  of  Havant :  and  it  is,  in  fact, 
the  coat  of  Long,  of  Wiltshire  1  To  justify 
this  it  is  pretended  that  the  family  of 
Longcroft  is  descended  from  '*  a  younger 
son"  of  Sir  Robert  Long,  M.P.  for 
"Wilts  in  12  Hen.  VI.  and  that,  having 
married  an  heirestqf  Crqfl,  they  changed 
their  name  to  Longerq/t !  It  is  next 
stated  that  these  Longcrofts  were  seated  at 
Long  Croft,  co.  Stafford,  until  the  5  Eliz. 
and  finally  that  they  reverted  to  Wiltshire, 
and  were  fixed  at  **  Willeford,"  meaning 
we  presume  Wilsford,  in  that  county. 
The  facts  are  :  1 .  That  Sir  Robert  Long, 
M.P.  for  Wills,  was  simply  Robert  Long, 
esquire,  as  appears  in  Burke's  Commoners, 
iii.  212  ;  2.  His  only  younger  son  was  the 
eventual  continuator  of  the  line  of  Wraxhall 
—that  is,  his  son  Thomas,  through  him, 
became  the  heir  to  his  uncle  Henry,  and 
grandfather  Robert ;  3.  No  such  marriage 
of  Croft  was  ever  heard  of  before  ;  4.  On 
referring  to  Shaw's  Staffordshire,  i.  102, 
under  Longcroft,  not  a  syllable  appears 
of  any  such  family;  5.  In  Sir  Bernard 
Burke's  own  Armoury  the  only  Longcrofts 
noticed  are  a  Worcestershire  family,  with 
an  entirely  different  coat ! 

The  ring  given  by  King  Charles  the 
First  to  Sir  Philip  Warwick  (noticed  in 
p.  450)  was  in  the  possession  of  Sir 
Stephen  Fox's  descendant,  the  late  Earl 
of  Ilchester,  but  was  stolen  from  his  Lord- 
ship's house  in  Old  Burlington  Street 
about  70  years  ago,  together  with  some 
other  articles  of  interest.  A  golden  knee- 
buckle  worn  by  the  king  on  the  scaffold, 
and  also  given  to  Sir  Philip  Warwick,  and 
by  him  to  Sir  Stephen  Fox,  is  still  pre- 
served at  Melbury.  T. 

The  portrait  of  John  Halee,  Founder  qf 
tkt  Fre9  School  at  Oovtntry^  «old  amonK 
tho  pictares  at  Ashby  Lodge  (,«&  notJuoML 


in  our  last  number,  p.  493),  was  purchased 
by  Henry  Butterworth,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  of 
Fleet  Street,  who  is  a  native  of  Coventry, 
and,  "^some  sixty  years  since,"  was  a 
scholar  on  John  Halra*8  foundation.  The 
picture  is  on  panel,  and  bears  the  date  1554, 
the  very  year  in  which  Holbein  died  in 
London ;  it  must  be  regarded,  therefore, 
as  one  of  his  latest  works.  We  much  re- 
joice in  learning  its  present  custody ;  and 
the  more  so,  because  we  have  reason  to 
suppose  that  it  is  Mr.  Butterworth' s  in- 
tention eventually  to  restore  it  to  his  Alma 
Mater,  on  whose  walls,  it  would  appear 
from  Carlisle's  Grammar  Schools,  it  for- 
merly hung.  There  is  an  indifferent  copy 
of  it  now  suspended  in  St.  Mary's  hall  in 
Coventry;  and  an  etching  has  been  made 
from  it  by  Mrs.  Dawson  Turner.  We 
may  add,  that  some  interesting  memorials 
of  John  Hales  and  his  fonnditions  have 
been  published  in  vol.  ii.  of  the  Collects, 
nea  Topographica  et  Genealogicaand  vol.  i. 
of  the  Topographer  and  Genealogist. 

In  p.  488,  for  AnOKPT*AI  read  AHO- 
KPT«0I.  (This  error  crept  in  after  the 
proof  had  passed  the  writer's  eye.)  We 
are  happy  to  learn  that  the  object  of  our 
zealous  Correspondent  has  been  so  far  at- 
tained that  the  Society  for  Promoting 
Christian  Knowledge  is  now  earnestly  en- 
gaged in  a  new  edition  of  the  Septuagint, 
from  the  Alexandrian  text.  It  will  be 
executed  at  Cambridge,  under  the  care  of 
Mr.  Field,  «vho  edited  some  part  of  Chry- 
sostom.  Of  the  intentions  of  Oxford  we 
are  not  yet  informed ;  but  she  will  pro- 
bably do  something  to  repair  her  past 
neglect,  and  vindicate  her  regard  for  Bib- 
lical Literature. 

P.  423.  Sir  John  Conroy  died  on  the 
2d  of  Mardi. 

H.  O.  complains  of  the  inaccuracy  of 
the  engraving  of  the  Launch  of  the  Royal 
Albert,  in  the  Illustrated  News,  which 
represents  Her  Majesty  as  accompanied 
by  two  Princes  and  one  Princess,  instead 
of  by  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  two  of  the 
Princesses.  We  apprehend  that  such  dis- 
crepancies from  the  fact  must  be  matters 
of  very  common  occurrence,  as  in  most 
cases  it  is  probable  that  a  sketch  of  the 
scene  is  taken  before  any  ceremonial  takes 
place.  They  will  have  the  advantage  here- 
after of  being  correct  in  point  of  costume 
at  least,  which  few  historical  pictures  are ; 
but,  as  to  perfect  authenticity,  they  cer* 
tainly  must  not  be  relied  upon  with  much 
greater  confidence  than  if  they  had  been 
designed  at  a  greater  distance  from  the 
scenes  they  undertake  to  commemorate. 

P.  505,  coL  i.  1. 17i  for  Hensiaa  read 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AHD 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


LEAVES  FROM  A  RUSSIAN  PARTERRE. 


AMONG  the  books  which  recent 
circumstances  have  called  forth,  or 
which  have  derived  from  these  latter 
much  incidental  importance,  we  are 
disposed  to  give  a  prominent  place  to 
the  *^  Secret  History  of  the  Court  and 
Government  ofBussia  under  Alexander 
the  First  and  the  Emperor  Nicholas,** 
by  J.  H.  Schnitzler.  This  work  has 
appeared  in  two  good  portly  octavo 
volumes.  We  cannot  indeed  say  that 
the  history  it  details  is  in  the  proper 
sense  of  the  word  "secret.**  Secret 
history  is  like  that  which  came  to  light 
when  the  narrative  of  the  sayings  and 
doings  of  the  Czar,  as  detailed  by  Sur 
G.  Seymour  to  the  home  Government, 
was  delivered  by  the  latter  to  the  pub- 
lic for  its  peculiar  edification,  such 
a  chapter  of  the  private  annals  of  the 
world  has  seldom  been  opened  to  the 
wonder  and  indignation  oi  mankind,— 
a  chapter  which  showed  an  Emperor 
acting  the  part  of  "Sharp**  in  "The 
Lying  Valet,**  and  which  has  won  for  its 
hero  the  title  assumed  by  Moli^e*s  valet, 
in  Latin  as  ricketty  as  his  principles, 
"Impcrator  maximus  furborum!** 

The  secret  history  of  Mr.  Schnitzler  is 
perhaps  in  this  much  "  secret,**  that  a 
great  portion  of  it  has  not  hitherto  been 
Known  to  English  readers.  The  author 
docs  not  reveal  profound  mysteries  of 
which  he  has  been  made  the  sole  confi- 
dant, but  he  has  industriously  gathered 
from  patent  sources  a  variety  of  inci- 
dents, attractive  in  their  nature,  agree- 
ably told,  and  for  the  most  part  new, 
at  least  to  those  who  have  not  made 
Kussia,  its  men,  its  manners,  and  its 
morals,  their  particular  study. 

The  author,  a  Russian  emphyi^ 
boasts  of  his  "  vi|^lant  and  long-Gon« 


tinned  observation,**  and  we  are  by 
no  means  disposed  to  deny  that  he 
possesses  the  faculty,  or  ^t  he  has 
yigorously  exercised  it.  He  writes 
impartially,  or  nearly  so ;  fbr  the  bias 
towards  Kossian  Czars  and  systems  is 
occasionally  perceptible;  and  where 
partiality  is  perceptible,  he  gives  his 
reasons  for  all  he  advances.  In  short, 
his  volumes  form  two  pleasant  par- 
.  terres,  and  from  it  we  cull  a  few  leaves, 
adding  one  or  two  from  other  sources  to 
make  up  our  literary  bouquet  fbr  June. 
The  law  of  Russia  must  be  a  sublime 
puzzle  and  perplexity  to  all  Muscovite 
plauiti£%  and  defendwts.  As  a  general 
rule,  it  may  be  averred  that  the  richest 
man  has  always  the  greatest  riffht  on 
his  side,  proviaed  only  that  he  be  liberal 
in  the  employment  of  his  riches. 
When  the  present  Czar  ascended  the 
throne,  he  published  a  very  melodra- 
matic sort  of  manifesto,  in  which  it 
was  said  that  the  law  was  the  great 
ark  in  which  alone  there  was  safety 
for  all.  Those  were  not  the  precise 
words,  but  they  are  substantially  cor* 
rect.  Nicholas,  however,  soon  after 
added  an  explanatory  rider  to  the 
manifesto,  in  which  he  laid  down  the 
very  intdligible  rule  that  ^  The  Auto« 
crat,  firom  whom  emanates  every  kind 
of  justice,  is  the  only  irrevocable  judge : 
his  decisions  alone  are  definitive.  This 
rule,  of  course,  destroys  the  elective 
workinff  of  any  law,^  and  the  Czar^s 
justice,  however  onol^ectionable  it  may 
be  when  caprice  or  mpnlse  hdp  hkn 
in  a  proper  direction,  must  often  be  even 
worse  tnan  the  well-known  ^  Justioea^ 
Justice**  which,  in  a  more  dvilized 
country  than  Mnscovy,  occanonallj 
scandalizes  Asttssa  and  her  friends. 


564 


Leaves  from  a  Russian  Parterre. 


[June^ 


There  is  no  division  of  judicial  and 
administrative  power.  When  the  Czar 
finds  his  interest  in  so  doing,  he  casts 
in  his  entire  personal  weight  to  bring 
down  the  beam  of  Themis  as  his  plea- 
sure would  have  it  bend.  Sometimes 
this  personal  interference  is  droll 
enough  in  its  method  of  illustration. 
Thus,  wc  are  told  that  a  law-suit  was 
pending  before  the  senate,  and  the 
litigants  were  kept  in  a  state  of  similar 
suspense.  The  judges  would  not  help 
the  matter  on,  the  lawyers  would  not 
help  the  judges,  and  the  litigants  would 
not  help  themselves  by  giving  the 
oyster  to  their  arbitrators,  and  resting 
content  with  an  award  of  shells.  The 
affair  became  so  notorious,  that  the 
Czar  at  length  took  interest  in  the 
matter.  He  might  at  once  have  quick- 
ened the  judges,  who  were  waiting  to 
be  bribed,  by  commanding  them  to 
pronounce  judgment,  lie  cnose,  how- 
ever, an  enually  effectual  autocratic 
method.  lie  did  not,  indeed,  dismiss 
and  disgrace  the  leading  interpreters 
of  the  law,  as  he  might  have  done — 
for  what  can  he  not  do  ? — Ue  satisfied 
his  sense  of  justice  and  law  by  seizing 
on  the  persons  of  the  chancellor  and 
the  attorney-general  of  the  depart- 
ment of  the  court  to  which  the  law- 
suit belonged,  and  kept  them  in  close 
confinement  for  twenty-four  hours  in 
the  guard  -room  of  the  senate. 

It  may,  however,  be  observed  that, 
confused  as  the  law  and  its  administra- 
tion mav  be,  there  is  a  minister  of  justice 
to  watch  over  all,  and  the  only  requisite 
for  the  execution  of  the  office  that  solemn 
official  seldom  or  never  i)088esses — ^wc 
mean,  a  knowledge  of  the  law.  The 
high  trust  has  been  held  b^  poets, 
diplomatists,  and  old  soldiers ;  m  short, 
nothing  could  possibly  be  more  absurd, 
except,  perhaps,  entrusting  the  ma- 
nagement of  the  navy  to  a  civilian 
lord,  who  is  profoundly  unconscious 
of  the  difference  between  "  port"  and 
"  starboard." 

But)  if  Russia  has  little  regard  for 
fitness  when  making  appointments  to 
high  offices,  she  is  not  always  indifl'er- 
ent  upon  the  point  of  qualification. 
The  senate  is  a  judicial  body  composed 
chietiy  of  soldiers  who  have  attaiueil 
the  grade  of  lieutenant-general,  and 
of  civil  functionaries  who  have  reached 
the  rank  of  privy  counsellors.  Thes; 
arc  never  promoted  to  be  senators 


until  they  are  too  old  to  learn  tbe 
duties  of  the  oflice.  If  thejr  be  onlj 
old  and  stupid  enough,  that  is  all  that 
is  required  of  them.  In  each  depart* 
ment  of  this  august  body,  all  the  real 
work  is  done  by  the  president  while 
the  other  members  are  asleep  in  tlieir 
chairs.  This  is  really  no  ezaffgeration. 
We  are  told  by  Mr.  Schnitztcr  that  a 
manuscript  has  been  found  in  the  hand- 
writing of  the  Empress  Elizabeth 
Pctrowna,  in  which  she  had  taken  notes 
of  the  names  of  the  officers  of  the 
guards,  their  term  of  service,  their 
conduct,  the  distinctions  or  the  punish- 
ments awarded  to  them,  &c.  and  in 
which  this  siugnlar  note  was  found 
under  one  of  the  names : — **  Dismissed 
from  the  guard,  and  sent  to  be  a  senator, 
OH  accowU  of  shallow  intdlect  ami  im- 
proper  hehaoiowr^^  This  is  authentic* 
and  the  following  anecdote  has  the 
same  quality  to  recommend  it  In 
1 827,  Cancrine,  the  minister  of  linancei 
presided  in  the  senate  at  the  adjudica- 
tion of  the  farming  of  spirituous  liquors. 
One  of  his  friends  sceinff  him  there« 
asked  him  with  a  smile  whether  he  had 
ever  encouraged  the  idea  of  his  being 
a  senator  ?  *^  Why  not  ?**  replied  thai 
very  sensible  man,  **  when  we  become 
old,  must  wc  not  expect  to  be  J^ain 
in  the  company  of  children  P**  ^ese 
are  characteristic  incidents;  at  the 
same  time  we  must  not  omit  to  add  an 
assertion  of  the  author's,  namely,  that 
^*  Nicholas  has  appointed  as  senators  a 
great  many  men  still  vigorous,  and  of 
whom  great  expectations  maj  be 
formed,  such  as  the  privy  counsellors 
Ouveroff  and  Baron  Paul  de  Uahoy 
Generals  Kaissaroff,  Grorgoli,  Mor- 
doinoff,"  &c.  What  may  be  the  nature 
of  the  expectations  thus  formed  we  do 
not  know,  but  wc  believe  that  these 
gentlemen  will  perfectly  satisfy  the 
views  of  the  Czar,  if  they  confine  them- 
selves to  being  as  little  useful,  and  as 
lar";ely  acquiescent,  as  their  older 
fellow- ])eers. 

The  will  of  the  Czar  is  in  fact  the 
law  of  the  land,  and  the  senate  en- 
forces the  same,  where  so  much  is  per* 
mitted  to  it,  irrespective  of  all  daims 
of  legality  and  justice :  hence  arose 
much  of  the  hatred  which  tiie  old 
Russian  peasantry  felt  against  the  no- 
bility. Many  of  the  wrongs  of  the 
former  have,  to  the  disgust  of  the 
latter,  been  redressed  by  STicholasi  fai 


1854.] 


Leaven  from  a  Ruidan  Parterre. 


565 


whom  the  lower  orders  affect  to  dis- 
cern a  protector  against  the  oppres- 
sions of  the  aristocracy.  Few  Czars 
have  sent  so  many  members  of  that 
aristocracy  to  Siberia  as  the  Czar 
"Nicholai/*  He  has  tempered  some 
mercy  with  his  seyerity,  by  permitting, 
on  many  occasions,  tne  wives  of  the 
offending  nobles  to  accompany  their 
husbands  into  their  distant  exile.  A 
more  recent  writer  than  Mr.  Schnitz- 
Icr  avers  that  the  political  exiles  in 
Siberia  are  by  no  means  rigorously 
treated ;  that  it  is  not  unusual  to  meet 
them  at  the  balls  and  other  social  festi- 
vals held  by  the  eovemors  of  the  lo- 
cality, and  that  tdl  that  is  expected  of 
them  is  perfect  silence  on  all  political 
questions.  With  respect  to  the  ladies 
who  share  in  the  penalties  inflicted  on 
their  lords,  Mr.  Schnitzler  mentions  a 
bevy  of  these  heroines  joyously  em- 
bracing the  destiny  which  had  de- 
scended on  their  husbands.  Thus,  after 
naming  several  heroines  who  sat  side 
by  side  with  their  lords,  "  stowed  four 
together  in  teleghes^  or  two-wheeled 
carts,  without  any  other  seat  than 
bundles  of  straw,  and  who,  in  this 
fashion,  traversed  the  seven  hundred 
and  fifty  leagues  that  lie  between  St. 
Petersburg  and  Tobolsk,  he  adds — 
'^and  it  is  well-known  that  Prince 
Sergius  Volkonski^s  charming  wife 
(whose  maiden  name  was  Raiefoki)  de- 
ceived her  parents,  whom  she  adored, 
to  perform  ner  duty  likewise.  So  joy- 
fully did  these  noble  women  sacnfice 
themselves,  that  a  foreigner,  a  tra- 
velling companion  of  one  of  them, 
henrd  this  strange  threat  uttered  by  a 
mother  in  speaking  to  her  somewhat 
petulant  daughter, — "  Sophia,  if  you 
do  not  behave  well,  you  shall  not  go 
to  Siberia ! " 

Not  one  of  the  conspirators  above 
alluded  to  had  been  guilty  of  any 
such  heavy  political  offence  as  that 
which  has  been  committed  by  the 
Czar  himself  afftiinst  the  peace  of  the 
world,  and  at  the  cost  of  sacred  truth 
and  of  that  honour  which,  it  is  said, 
should  find  a  sanctuary  in  the  breasts 
of  inonarchs  when  it  has  fled  from  the 
hearts  of  meaner  men.  The  great 
felony  of  the  Czar,  which  has  for  its 
object  the  annexation  of  Turkey,  is 
only  passingly  alluded  to  by  Mr. 
Schnitzler ;  but  the  crime  itself  is  ad- 
mitted— as  the  crime,  if  not  of  the 


nation,  at  least  of  a  class.    The  Rus« 
sians,  he  says,  haye  dreamed  some- 
times of  another  capital.    St  Peters- 
burg is  considered  as  having  fulfilled 
its  transitory  purpose ;  and,  as  neither 
Moscow  nor  even  Warsaw,  so  much 
nearer  to  the  German  frontier,  would 
be  likely^  to  be  chosen,  the  Russian 
imagination,  we  are  told,  has  wandered 
from  the  extreme  North  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  South,  where,  ^instead 
of  the  sombre  landscape   of  pining 
nature  and  a  freezing  climate,  it  be- 
held the  brilliant  spectacle  of  a  mag- 
nificent site,  enlivened  by  a  sun  of 
unsullied    splendour,    whose    genial 
warmth  dilates  the  heart,  whiiui,  on 
the  contrary,  sinks  under  the  northern 
sky.    This  capital  is  Constantinople, 
the  key  of  the  East,  and  destined  to 
become  sometime  or  other  one  of  the 
richest  marts  of  the  commerce  of  the 
world.**    The  admiring  author  then 
describes  the  position  of  the  coveted 
possession  in  a  sort  of  geographical 
rapture.    He  points  out  the  connec- 
tion existing  between  Turkey  and  Rus- 
sia by  means  of  great  rivers,  and  he 
speaks  of  the  Ottoman  capital  as  com- 
manding the  entrance  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, where  **the  greatest  interests 
of  civilization  are  now  concentrated, 
and  where  the  quarrels  between  the 
first  powers  of  Christendom  will  hence- 
forth be  settled.'*  Looking  forward  to 
that  terrible  consummation — Constan- 
tinople  becoming  the  capital  of  the  Mus- 
covite empire — the  writer  boldly  avers 
that  it  would  cause  the  dismember- 
ment of  Russia.    Such  an  occurrence^ 
he  maintains,  *'  would  not  only  occa- 
sion a  new  phasis  in  the  affairs  of  the 
world,  but  become  also  the  cause  of 
a  complete  overthrow  in  the  interior 
condition  of  that  empire.**    He  be- 
comes, however,  less  dogmatic  as  he 
proceeds,  and    concludes   hypotheti- 
cally  by  suggesting  that  then,  **  ac- 
cording to  all  probability,  the  North 
would  detach  itself  from  the  South ;  - 
new  states  would  be  formed  ;  and  the 
future  prospects  of  the  Sdayonic  race 
would  assume  a  very  different  aspect** 
The  Czar  himself  is  by  no  means 
so  hypothetical.    He  looks  upon  *^ce 
monsieur**  the  Sultan  as  moribund; 
and  he  has  long  been  plotting  how  to 
cheat  the  natural  heirs  out  of  their 
inheritance.     His  great   trust,  after 
placing  it  impiously  where  it  will  not 


566 


Leaveafrom  a  Buasian  Parterre. 


[June, 


find  acceptance,  is  in  that  famous  pal- 
ladium of  Russia,  the  picture  of  the 
Virgin  of  Ephesus,  painted,  of  course, 
by  St.  Luke.  He  nopes  to  carry  it 
back  and  set  it  up  triumphantly  in  the 
Ck)n8tantinopolitan  temple,  from  which 
it  was  stoleu  in  the  twelfth  century  b^ 
the  Grand  Duke  Jowric  Dolgorouki. 
It  is  said  in  Russia  that  the  picture 
was  a  free  gift  from  the  Emperor 
Emmanuel  Comnenus  to  the  Frmcess 
Eudoxia.  It  successively  occupied 
places  of  honour  in  various  parts  of 
Southern  Russia,  and  was  finally  trans- 
ferred from  Vladimir  to  Moscow,  about 
the  year  1400,  when  Tamerlane  was 
approaching  the  holy  city,  and  the  in- 
haoitants  thereof  saw  no  safety  but  in 
the  presence  of  this  Queen  of  the 
Angels.  The  picture  was  brought  into 
Moscow  under  such  a  demonstration 
of  rejoicinc,  honours,  and  superstition 
as  the  world  had  seldom  seen.  "  The 
Muscovites  ran  forth  to  meet  her,  fell 
on  their  faces  before  her,  and  kissed 
the  ground  over  which  she  had  passed." 
"  lather  of  God  I  Mother  of  God  I " 
cried  they,  "  save  Russia ! "  The  pal- 
ladium was  deposited  in  the  Kremlin, 
and  from  the  very  hour  of  its  crossing 
the  threshold  Timour  is  said  to  have 
been  compelled  by  an  invisible  power 
to  withdraw  from  the  road  to  Moscow. 
Since  then  there  has  been  no  luck  of 
miracles  performed  by  the  image,  nor 
of  witnesses  to  swear  to  them ;  and  as, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  burning  of  Mos- 
cow, when  everything  else  in  the  great 
cathedral  was  m  flames,  this  picture 
alone  continued  uninjured,  why  it  is 
as  clear  as  logic  can  make  it,  if  logic 
be  good  for  anything,  that  the  designs 
of  Nicholas  upon  the  property  of  the 
Moslem  must  nave  the  sanction  of  that 
power  by  whom  these  miracles  ore 

Eermittea — which  is  not  at  all  impro- 
able.  Much  future  greatness  must, 
of  course,  be  in  store  tor  a  potentate 
who  alone,  of  all  the  laity  of  the  em- 
pire, has  the  privilege  of  Potchirum 
tsarskomoiij  of  receiving  the  commu- 
nion in  both  kinds — "the  body  and 
blood  separately."  Wo  only  wonder 
that  Nicnolas  gave  up,  at  his  corona- 
tion, that  other  privilege  or  observance 
which  dates  from  the  days  of  the  By- 
zantine Constantino,  and  according  to 
which  a/>roto/>ooe  should  have sprinued 
showers  of  gold  dust  upon  the  head  of 
the  Czir. 


It  was  at  that  coronation  that  the 
Archpatriarch  so  significantly  ad- 
dressed the  Czar  by  the  title  he  ii 
most  proud  of—**  all-orthodox."  Hia 
predecessor  Peter  I.  forfeited  that 
appellation,  and  the  priests  in  1698 
hurried  the  Strelitzes  into  rebellion 
against  him  on  the  ground  that  he  had 
foreign  recruits  in  his  army,  that  he 
favoured  tobacco,  and  oondenmed 
beards,  and  had  determined  to  enforce 
other  practices  contrary  to  holy  re- 
ligion, by  force  of  arms.  The  ferocity 
of  Peter  in  punishing  the  orthodox 
rebels  was  appalling.  Hundreds  of 
the  revolters,  mclucQnff  prietta»  were 
decapitated,  or  were  auuf  on  long 
lines  of  gibbets  in  the  plain  of  FW>- 
obrojensk.  They  died  exulting  in  their 
orthodoxy,  and  satisfied  that  they  were 
on  the  road  to  heaven.  When  the  old 
Roman  criminals,  proceeding  to  the 

Elace  of  death,  once  encountered  Cnsar 
y  the  way,  they  sublimely  shouted 
"  Ave,  Caesar !  Morituri  te  salutant  P 
but  they  got  no  more  gracious  reply 
than  a  cold  "Avete  vosP  and  they 
passed  on  to  be  slaughtered.  Peter 
went  to  exult  in  the  sight  of  the  de- 
struction of  his  enemies,  and  we  allude 
to  the  fact  here  because  we  find  in  Mr. 
Schnitzler*s  volume  a  fuller  detail  of 
the  event  to  which  the  Qrlofis  owe 
their  elevation  than  we  were  able  to 
give  in  a  late  number.  "The  con- 
demned Strelitzes,"  says  the  author, 
"  lay  their  heads  on  long  beams,  which 
served  as  a  block  for  whole  ranka. 
One  of  the  culprits  who  was  drawing 
near,  finding  tne  Czar  in  his  way, 
.  *  Room,  Lord  !*  cried  he,  *  I  must  lay 
my  head  there  1*  This  unhappy  i 
lost  his  life;  but  another  owra 
salvation  to  a  proof  of  similar  _ 
froid.  This  other  was  the  young  Irma 
Orel,  named  in  a  previous  number, 
and  whose  coolness  this  day  made  the 
greatness  of  the  OrlofiTs,  or,  as  the 
word  is  pronounced  in  Russia,  Ariqffh, 
Just  as  he  was  goins  to  kneel  down 
before  the  fatal  block,  he  saw  it  wai 
encumbered  with  the  head  of  one  of 
his  companions.  He  is  said  to  hare 
kicked  it  away,  saying,  *This  is  my 
place,  it  must  be  clear.*  Peter  ob- 
served the  act,  and  being  struck  by 
the  young  man*s  calmness,  granted  him 
a  pardon;  afterwards  he  placed  him 
in  a  reffiment  of  the  Imet  when 
the  Streuts  shortly  so  diitingnished 


1854.] 


Leaves  from  a  Russian  Parterre, 


667 


himself  that  he  acquired  the  rank  of 
officer,  and  consequently  the  title  of 
noble.  This  Strelitz  was  named  Ivan, 
and  surnamed  Orel,  that  is  to  say, 
*  the  Eagle.'  He  was  the  author  of  the 
family  Orloff.'; 

And  speaking  of  the  Czar's  great- 
ness, achieved,  or  aimed  at,  we  cannot 
refrain  from  turning  from  the  volumes 
before  us  to  an  extract  from  Fraser'a 
Magazine,  which  appeared  just  after 
the  visit  of  the  Czar  to  this  country. 
It  is  written  by  one  who  knew  well 
the  policy  and  the  views  of  Russia.  It 
might  indeed  have  been  composed  by 
the  Czar  himself,  and  it  shows  how 
very  averse  he  has  ever  been  to  an 
union  of  the  "  Four  Powers,"  in  op- 
position to  his  own  system.  Here  is 
the  important  **  manifesto  " — for  the 
passage  below  has  really  the  force  and 
value  of  a  state-paper. 

The  politics  of  Western  Europe  have 
much  engaged  the  attention  of  the  Empe- 
ror Nicholas.  He  has  not  viewed  with 
satisfaction  the  tendeDcies  of  Austria, 
Prussia,  and  Great  Britain  to  sympathise 
with  France ;  and  he  is  by  no  means 
satisfied  with  their  policy  in  regard  to 
Spain,  Portugal,  or  Belgium.  Nor  is  he 
by  any  means  of  opinion  that  the  influ- 
ence exercised  by  Great  Britain  and  France 
in  Egvpt  over  the  mind  of  the  Pacha,  or 
iu  Turkey  over  that  of  the  Sultan,  is  for 
good  ;  or  is  favourable  to  true  and  en- 
lightened conservatism.  .  .  .  The  affairs 
of  Sorvia  have  occupied  much  of  bis 
mind;  and  he  is  greatly  opposed  to  any 
union  of  the  elder  branches  of  the  Bour- 
bons of  Spain  and  Naples  with  the  younger 
branch  of  France.  To  Prince  Mettcrnich 
niid  Austria  he  leaves  the  care  of  Italy, 
and  busies  himself  but  little  as  to  its  fate, 
lie  is  satisfied  that  rebellions  in  that  por- 
tion of  Europe  will  be  promptly  sup- 
pressed by  Austrian  vigilance  and  power ; 
but  should  a  general  rising,  either  in 
Venetian  Lombardy,  the  Papal  States,  or 
in  other  portions  of  Italy  occur,  to  render 
the  intervention  of  his  armies  necessary, 
he  would  not  hesitate  to  aid  in  replacing 
those  countries  in  the  condition  in  which 
they  were  placed  by  the  treaties  of  Vienna. 
The  riturn  of  the  Conservatives  to  power 
ill  Great  Britain  was  a  source  of  unfeigned 
satisfaction  to  the  Emperor  Nicholas.  Of 
Lord  Palmerston,  he  entertains  a  very 
mean  opinion.  For  Sir  Robert  Peel,  Lord 
Aberdeen,  and  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
he  invariably  expresses  the  most  unfeigned 
respect. 

The  patriotic  English  author  pro« 


ceeds  to  consider  if  it  were  right  and 
expedient  for  Great  Britain  to  coalesce 
with  Russia  a^^ainst  other  powers,  and 
his  conclusion  is  exultingly  expressed  by 
the  shout  of  "  Yes  I  Long  live  the  Em- 
peror  !  "  Now,  ''''parole  de gentleman^**  we 
think  that  "ce  monsieur  the  Czar  got 
the  better  of  one  portion  of  the  press  in 
England  long  before  he  attempted  to 
win  to  his  side  England's  representative 
in  Russia.  The  Uzar,  it  appears,  made 
no  secret  of  his  contempt  for  Palmer- 
ston, and  did  not  attempt  to  hide  his 
admiration  for  Aberdeen :  the  value 
which  those  statesmen  set  upon  his 
opinion  of  them  is  amusinsly  exempli- 
fied in  the  fact  that  they  Doth  belong 
to  the  ministry  which  unanimously  de- 
clared war  agamst  the  Mascarille  among 
monarchs. 

The  history  of  the  events  which  were 
concluded  by  the  coronation  of  Ni- 
cholas forms  incontestably  the  most 
attractive  portion  of  Mr.  Schnitzler's 
volumes.  At  the  death  of  Alexander, 
the  next  male  heir  was  Constantine, 
Alexander's  brother ;  but  the  crown 
devolved  upon  Nicholas,  a  younger 
brother.  We  remember  that  this  pass- 
ing over  of  Constantine  was  at  first 
considered  to  have  been  in  virtue  of 
that  fatal  ukase  of  Peter  the  Great 
which  conferred  on  every  Russian 
Czar  the  right  of  naming  his  successor. 
This  ukase,  however,  was  set  aside  by 
the  sensible  decree  of  poor  Paul,  who, 
considering  he  was  accounted  insane, 
was  the  author  of  many  acts  that  had 
about  them  a  marvellous  air  of  wisdom, 
and  who  definitely  fixed  the  succession 
according  to  male  hereditary  descent, 
failing  which,  the  vacant  throne  was  to 
be  ascended  by  that  princess  who,  at 
the  time  of  the  decease  of  the  last 
Emperor,  was  his  nearest  relation.  The 
circumstances  which  deprived  Constan- 
tino of  his  inheritance  belong  to  the 
romance  of  history  ;  they  are  formed 
of  facts  far  stranger  than  fiction. 

In  the  last  year  of  the  life  of  Cathe- 
rine, a  little  girl  just  in  her  teens,  the 
sister  of  Leopold  now  King  of  the 
Belgians,  and  known  as  the  Princess 
Julienne  of  Saxe-Coburg,  was  taken 
to  St.  Petersburg.  Constantine  was 
then  a  little  boy,  and  could  not  bear 
the  little  beauty  from  Saxe-Coburg. 
The  pretty  princess  was  not  more 
taken  with  the  self-Willed,  flat-nosed, 
small-eyedjTartar-looklng,  and  Tartar* 


568 


Leaves  from  a  Russian  Parterre, 


dJune, 


tempered  Czarovitcli.  But  their  se- 
veral opinions  were  not  consulted,  and 
of  boj  and  girl  Catharine  made  one 
Hesh.  It  was  a  deplorable  union  ;  and 
the  only  unanimity  of  sentiment  mu- 
tually acknowledged  by  the  unhappy 
children  was  an  unanimity  of  antipnthy 
ibr  each  other.  Through  four  weary 
years  they  dragged  the  fetters  which 
love  could  not  hide  with  roses,  and 
then  they  separated.  The  little  CJi-and 
Duchess  retired  to  Germany  with  a 
handsome  amount  of  alimony,  and 
when  some  years  afterwards  overtures 
were  made  that  had  a  reconciliation 
for  their  object,  the  blooming  young 
Duchess  wisely  refused  to  listen  to 
them.  She  kept  her  widowed  state 
and  her  pension.  Iler  conduct  was 
easily  justified ;  she  would  have  sacri- 
ficed her  personal  dignity  and  for- 
feited her  self-respect  had  she  again 
pillowed  her  head  on  the  breast  of  a 
man  who,  during  their  separation,  had 
been  by  no  means  particular  where  he 
pillowed  his  own.  And  so  the  imperial 
Cymon  went  in  search  of  another  Iphi- 
genia. 

A  (juarter  of  a  century  had  elapsed 
since  the  fruitless  union  of  Constantine 
and  Julienne.  The  former  was  then 
at  the  very  highest  of  his  gigantic 
strength,  his  furious  temper,  and  his 
unutterable  ugliness.  lie  was  at  the 
time  in  Poland,  where  his  little  eyes 
one  evening  happened  to  fall  upon  a 
vision  of  the  most  delicate  beauty,  in 
the  portion  of  a  young  Polish  countess, 
Jeanne  Cludzinska,  who  was  as  highly 
estimable  for  her  mental  (lualities  and 
for  her  purely  womanly  virtues  as  she 
was  renowned  for  that  conquering 
beauty  before  the  intellectual  expres- 
sion of  which  all  men  bent  in  admiring 
subjection. 

tfeanne  Gudziiiska  was  not  to  be 
wooed  and  won  but  as  virtuous  maiden 
might,  and  least  of  all  was  she  inclined 
to  listen  to  the  addresses  of  a  prince 
who  harl  a  wife  living,  or  to  abandon 
her  faith  and  adopt  that  of  the  Greek 
Church,  even  when  all  other  obstacles 
to  an  imperial  marriage  had  been  swept 
away.  Constantine  was  at  his  wits* 
end,  but  perhaps  the  lady  may,  after 
all,  have  helped  him  out  of  his  diffi- 
culty.  He  went  to  his  brother  the 
Czar,  and  Alexander  called  in  his  coun- 
sellor the  Church ;  and,  afler  much 
discussioD,  the  monarch  agreed  to  a 


lefl-handed  marriage  bcin^  concluded 
between  the  enamoured  pair,  proyided 
the  lover  would  surrender  his  right  to 
a  throne  on  which  he  could  not  be 
allowed  to  sit  side  by  side  with  a  par* 
venu  lady,  and  that  lady  a  Pole.  Con- 
stantine thought  of  "  All  for  Lore," 
and  joyfully  consented.  The  Church, 
however  little  reluctant  to  pronounce 
a  divorce  between  the  prince  and  hit 
first  wife,  tcatt  difficult  upon  the  point 
of  permitting  either  of  the  divorced 
parties  to  marry  again.  It  was,  how- 
ever, only  a  show  of  difficultj,  and 
ultimately  the  clerical  powers  went 
even  further  than  they  were  asked,  and 
authorised  the  union  of  Constantine 
and  Jeanne,  by  simply  declaring  the 
previous  one,  between  the  same  prince 
and  Julienne,  to  have  been  null  and 
void  from  the  bcginninc. 

The  marriage  took  place  on  the  5th 
of  June,  18:20,  and  two  months  subse- 
(luently  the  Czar  raised  the  bride  to 
tlie  rank  of  ^^  Princess  of  Lowica," 
with  remainder  to  her  heirs.  Of  these 
latter  there  were  none,  and  this  cir* 
cumstance  was  the  only  spot  on  the 
undimmed  sunshine  of  happiness  which 
rested  upon  the  house  or  the  Russian 
prince  and  the  Polish  lady. 

Horace  Walpole,  speaking  of  these 
left  -  handed  marriages,  says,  truly 
enough,  that  they  are  absurd  evasions 
of  the  indissolubility  of  marriage,  '^as 
if  the  Almighty  had  restrained  His 
ordinance  to  one-half  of  a  man*s  person, 
and  allowed  a  ^eatcr  latitude  to  his 
left  side  than  to  his  right,  or  pronounced 
the  former  more  i^oble  than  the  latter. 
The  consciences  both  of  princely  and 
noble  {>ersons  are  (quieted  if  the  more 
plebeian  side  is  married  to  one  who 
would  degrade  the  more  illustrious 
moiety ;  but,  as  if  the  laws  of  matri- 
mony had  no  reference  to  the  children 
to  be  thence  propagated,  the  children 
of  a  left-handed  alliance  are  not  entitled 
to  inherit.  Shocking  consequence  of 
a  senseless  equivocation,  that  only  sa* 
tisfies  pride,  not  justice,  and  calculated 
for  an  acquittal  at  the  heralds*  office, 
not  at  the  last  tribunal!** 

Thoun;hts  like  these  did  not  afiect  the 
trancjuillity  of  the  wedded  life  of  Con- 
stantine and  the  Princess  of  Lowics. 
To  his  admirable  wife  the  imperial 
husband  is  said  to  have  ever  been  as 
the  most  assiduous  of  lovers,  as  indeed 
was  his  father  Paul  to  tiie  pcet^  Marie 


1854.] 


History  of  Christianity, 


569 


Fedeorowna,  and  sometimes  so  demon- 
stratively so  that  even  Sir  Nathaniel 
Wraxall  was  put  to  the  blush.  The 
Duke  of  Orleans  and  his  wife,  a  Prin- 
cess of  Conti,  who  probably  were  for  a 
time  the  most  ridiculously  ostentatious 
of  their  fondness  of  all  married  pairs, 
were  cold  compared  with  the  Czaro* 
vitch  and  his  consort.  Each  indeed 
had  good  grounds  for  being  happy. 
The  wife  made  of  her  husband  a  new 
being,  and  the  husband  gratefully  ac- 
knowledged the  metamorphosis,  and 
blessed  the  irresistible  influence  of  his 
wife. 

Long  before  Alexander  died,  sus- 
picion was  afloat  that  Constantine  was 
not  to  be  his  successor.  An  almanac 
published  in  1825  at  Frankfort,  under 
the  control  too  of  the  Prussian  cen- 
sorship, ventured  to  style  the  Grand 
Duke  Nicholas  "  heir  to  the  throne." 
Persons  who  had  occasion  at  this  period 
to  approach  the  wife  of  Nicholas— for- 
merly the  Princess  Charlotte  of  Prussia 
—declared  that  a  certain  assumption 
of  haughtiness  indicated  that  she  was 
not  unaware  of  her  husband's  prospects. 

It  is  believed  that,  thouffh  Constan- 
tino did  readily  accede  to  the  proposed 
surrender  of  his  inheritance  as  the 
price  of  permission  for  his  second  mar- 
riage, be  at  first  suggested  that  the 
heirs  of  such  marriage  might  be  ex- 
cluded, but  that  he  himself  might  wear 
the  crown  in  default  of  nearer  heirs 
of  his  brother.  He  however  gave  up 
all  ideas  of  imperial  greatness  rather 
than  be  deprived  of  marrving  thePolish 
object  of  his  love.  In  the  deed  of  re- 
nunciation which  he  executed  he  mo- 
destly attributed  his  abnegation  of  the 
throne  to  his  incapacity  to  bear  the 


burthen  and  responsibility  of  a  crown. 
He  was  all  the  happier  for  it;  and, 
when  opportunity  was  given  him  to 
profit  if  he  would  b;^  violating  his 
pledge,  he  preserved  his  faith  liEe  an 
nonest  man,  and  was  happy  in  the  ap- 

E roving  smiles  of  a  wife  who  had  as 
ttle  ambition  as  himself— except  to 
reign  at  a  quiet  hearth.  For  her,  Con- 
stantine sacrificed  undoubtedly  a  hril' 
Uant  position,  but  he  never  resetted 
the  act,  and  his  devotion  to  his  wife 
increased  as  their  union  waxed  old. 
So  fond  had  he  grown,  this  once  almost 
inhuman  savage,  of  private  life  and 
pure  domestic  felicity,  that,  just  before 
death  cut  short  his  days,  he  was  enter- 
taining an  idea  of  carrying  his  devotion 
still  further,  and,  so  soon  as  he  should 
have  accomplished  his  forty  years*  ser- 
vice, of  retiring  into  private  life,  fixing 
his  residence  at  Frankfort -on -the - 
Maine.  Eleven  brief  vears  formed  the 
limit  of  duration  of  this  singular,  and 
singularly  feUcitons,  union.  The  Prin- 
cess died,  a  few  months  after  her  hus- 
band, at  St  Petersburg,  on  the  20th 
of  November,  1831.  In  her,  Russia 
lost  more  virtue,  ability,  and  general 
worth  than  had  ever  been  seated  on 
the  imperial  throne  of  which  she  had 
not  been  deemed  worthy  by  the  elder 
member  of  a  family  who  traced  its  de- 
scent from  the  Czarina  of  the  first  of 
the  Eomanoffs,  who  took  her  from  a 
cottage  and  made  her  the  mother  of 
princes. 

With  this  pleasant  little  drama  we 
must  bring  our  notice  to  a  close,  but 
not  without  a  word  of  recommendation 
for  Mr.  Schnitzler*s  volumes,  by  which 
it  has  been  elicited. 

J.  DosAir. 


HISTORY  OF  CHRISTIANITY. 

History  of  Latin  ChriMtianity ;  incladini^  that  of  the  Popes  to  the  Pontificate  of  Nicolas  V* 
By  Henry  Hart  Milman,  D,D.  Dean  of  St.  Paurs.    3  toIs.  8to.     Murray. 


THIS  is  a  work  of  very  great  import- 
ance. Next  to  the  events  narrated  in 
the  Sacred  Scriptures,  there  are  none 
which  aflect  our  highest  interests  more 
nearly  than  those  of  which  Dean  Mil- 
raan  treats.  Through  the  Latin  Church, 
the  history  of  which  is  the  author's 
theme,  our  ancestors  received  their 
knowledge  of  the  "good  tidings  of  great 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


jov  which  should  be  to  all  people;**  and, 
fallen  and  degraded  as  that  church 
may  have  been,  and  may  still  be,  those 
who  derived  from  her  a  benefit  alto- 
gether so  inestimable  cannot  but  re- 
gard her  past  history  with  a  feeling  of 
curiosity  somewhat  akin  to  that  with 
which  men  study  the  annals  of  their 
own  country,  or  pore  over  the  pedigree 

4D 


570 


History  of  Chrutianiijf. 


[Jmii^ 


of  their  family.  Bat  it  must  not  be 
concealed  that,  at  the  same  time  that 
Latin  Christianity  ciyilised  and  chris- 
tianised our  island,  she  sowed  amongst 
us  the  seeds  of  errors  which,  as  they 
grew  up,  almost  choked  the  bett^ 
harvest.  The  history  of  these  errors 
forms  a  considerable  part  of  Dean 
Milman*s  work.  In  the  early  periods, 
celibacy  and  monasticism  especially 
attract  his  attention,  and  in  later  ages 
image  worship  and  transubstantiation. 
The  rise  and  growth  of  these  great 
mistakes,  with  the  troubles  to  which 
they  gave  occasion,  and,  marching  ever 
by  their  side,  the  papal  power,  in- 
creasing in  insolence  from  age  to  age, 
constitute,  unfortunately,  the  essence 
of  Church  History  in  the  West.  These 
subjects  occupy  volumes,  whilst  the 
better  and  brighter  incidents,  the  con- 
version of  heathen  nations  and  the 
spread  of  spiritual  light  and  life,  are 
told  in  comparatively  few  pages.  The 
staple  of  the  narrative  is  tne  continu- 
ally recurring  history  of  fraudulent 
ambition  working  woe  and  desolation 
for  its  own  gratification — self-conceit 
delighting  itself  in  the  invention  and 
spread  of  paradoxical  novelties — and 
fanaticism  leading  the  professed  fol- 
lowers of  the  lowly  peaceful  Saviour 
to  acts  of  cruelty  and  blood. 

Innocent  I.  who  acceded  to  the  sec  of 
Rome  A.D.  402,  was  the  first  to  claim  a 
pontifical  supremacy.  Up  to  liis  time, 
the  dignity  of  the  Church  ofKome  arose 
from  her  being  seated  in  the  capital  of 
the  western  world,  and  her  superiority 
over  other  churches  was  merely  ap- 
pellate ;  Innocent,  in  one  of  his  earliest 
epistles,  declared  that  all  the  churches 
of  the  West,  having  been  planted  by 
St.  Peter  and  his  successors,  owed 
filial  obedience  to  the  parent  see,  and 
were  bound  to  follow  her  example  in 
points  of  discipline,  and  to  maintain  a 
rigid  uniformity  with  all  her  usages 
(i.  89).  But  this  paternal  authority  was 
very  different  from  the  superiority  as- 
sumed by  Gregory  the  Great,  although 
even  he  repudiate  with  horror  the  title 
of  Universal  Bishop,  pronouncing  it 
to  be  the  badge  of  Antichrist.  J?a- 
temal  authority  was  still  more  different 
from  the  superiority  claimed  by  the 
false  decretals  sanctioned  by  Nicho- 
las I.  (a.  d.  858).  This  **  manud  of 
sacerdotal  Christianity*'  consisted  of 
fifty-nine  letters  and  decrees,  jfabri^ 


cated  in  the  names  of  the  tfrmty  oldMk 
popes,  from  Clement  to  Melchwdfib 
the  forged  donation  of  Constuktiiw^ 
and  thirty-nine  false  decreei»  with  Uit 
acts  of  several  nn-aathentio  oooncilf. 
Suddenly   promulgated   and    haatilj 
adopted  by  the  Qiarch  of  Rome»  theaa 
fabrications  still  remain  the  fbandai- 
tion  and   basis   of  the  canon    la.W| 
although  even  Roman  Catholie  writni 
have  long  abandoned  their  deienot. 
In  them  not  merely  the  sapremaej  of 
the  popes,  but  **  the  whole  doffmatio 
system  and  discipline  of  the  ohnrehi 
the  whole  hierarchy  firom  the  higheal 
to  the  lowest  decree,  their  sanctity  and 
immunities,  theur  persecutions^  thmr 
disputes,   their   riffht   of   appeal   to 
Rome,**  are  distinctly  assertecL    Hmn 
for^ries  constitute  in  truth  the  real 
basis  and  origin  of  what  is  tarmod 
"  the  church  system,**  so  cantivaliiig 
to  many  people.  Before  the  Kefbraia/* 
tion  one  or  two  writers  had  b^gon  lo 
doubt  their  authenticity!  **  as  far  aa 
they  dared  to  doubt**  (ii.  874).  The 
Magdeburg   centuriators,    and   afte 
them  Blondel,  exposed  the  fVftud  witii 
unanswerable  arguments.  **  The  Jeniit 
La  Torre  attempted  a  feeUe  defence : 
he  was  scourged  into  obscnrity  bf 
Blondel.     Since  that  time  there  bai 
been  hardly  a  murmur  of  defenoab** 
Their  detection  is  one  of  the  maajf 
benefits  which  religion  haa  received 
from  learning.    But  for  the  reYiral  vi 
letters,  and  the  proper  applicaUon  of 
criticism  to   these  monstrous  fiiUes^ 
they  **  might  still   have   maintraied 
their  place  in  ecclesiastical  historj.** 
Under  their  influence,  and  upon  their 
authority,  all  the  subsequent  nsiirpa" 
tions  oi  Rome  were  natural.     The 
lofly  claims  of  Hildebrand»  the  uni- 
versal  dominion  of  the  Pope*  and  the 
absolute  independence  of  the  dein 
of  all  lay  authority,  were  but  the  ieip- 
timate  results.    It  took  some  centones 
to  work  them  out.    It  required  &- 
vouring  times  and  a  bold  and  dariiy 
genius  to  fasten  them  upon  the  pros- 
trate world.    These  concurred  in  fiil- 
debrand,  and  Rome,  the  universal  tha* 
ocracy,  such  as  she  appeared  duriag 
the  middle  ages,  was  the  result. 

The  author's  narratiTe  of  the  rka 
and  progress  of  the  spiritual 
of  Rome  is  full,  candid,  ahd  ^ 
He  shews  how,  amidst  the 
of  the  timO}  the  diurch  and  the 


1854.] 


History  of  Christianity. 


571 


were  occasionally  driven  to  act  for 
the  general  preservation  and  welfare, 
and  how  power  once  obtained  was 
held  sacred  and  made  a  stepping-stone 
for  farther  exactions.  He  describes  in 
somewhat  studied  but  pictorial  lan- 
guage the  occasionally  striking  inci- 
dents of  the  long  period  which  his 
history  comprehends ;  the  sack  of 
Rome  by  Alaric,  the  rise  of  Moham- 
medanism, the  crusades,  the  disputes 
between  Pope  and  Emperor,  the  lives 
of  Berengarius,  Abelard,  Arnold  of 
Brescia,  and  multitudes  of  others.  It 
is  incompatible  with  our  space,  how- 
ever consonant  with  our  mclination, 
to  follow  the  author  through  his  long 
detail.  We  will  rather  select,  as  an 
example  of  his  general  mode  of  deal- 
ing with  his  subject,  his  account  of 
Bccket,  in  whose  history  we  are  all 
interested. 

The  claim  of  exemption  from  secu- 
lar control  on  the  part  of  the  clergy 
had  disquieted  the  Church  of  England 
from  the  period  of  the  Norman  Con- 
quest. It  had  prejudiced  the  Con- 
queror against  the  Anglo-Saxon  clergy, 
had  conduced  to  the  deposition  of  Sti- 
gand,  and  had  embroiled  the  realm 
during  the  primacies  of  Anselm  and 
Theobald.  The  validity  of  this  exemp- 
tion was  the  question  in  dispute  be- 
tween Henry  11.  and  Becket..  The 
claim  of  the  clergy  is  thus  stated  by 
the  present  author.  He  terms  it  "  the 
great  strife  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
sacerdotal  order  as  a  separate  caste  of 
mankind,  subject  only  to  its  own  juris- 
diction, and  irresponsible  but  to  its 
own  superiors.  Every  individual,"  he 
continues,  "  in  that  caste,  to  its  lowest 
doorkeeper,  claimed  an  absolute  immu- 
nity from  capital  punishment.  The 
executioner  in  those  ages  sacrificed 
hundreds  of  common  human  lives  to 
the  terror  of  the  law ;  the  churchman 
alone,  to  the  most  menial  of  the  clerical 
body,  stood  above  such  law.  The 
churchman  too  was  judge  without  ap- 
peal in  all  causes  of  privilege  or  of 
property  which  he  possessed,  or  in 
which  he  claimed  the  right  of  posses- 
scsion."  (iii.  441.)  Were  these  lofty 
immunities  to  be  conceded  ?  This  was 
the  question  to  be  tried.  The  parties 
contesting  this  great  issue  were,  on  the 
one  side,  Henry  II.  of  England— 

A  sovereign,  at  bis  accession,  with  the 
most  extensive  territories  and  less  limited 


power,  with  vast  command  of  wealth 
above  any  monarch  of  his  time ;  a  man  of 
great  ability,  decision,  and  activity;  of 
ungovernable  passions  and  intense  pride, 
which  did  not  prevent  him  from  stooping 
to  dissimulation,  intrigue,  and  subtlo 
policy. 

On  the  other  side,  as  the  upholder 
of  the  clerical  caste  with  all  its  immuni- 
ties stood  Becket.  Dr.  Milman  refuses 
all  credence  to  the  legendary  Sara- 
cenic descent  of  the  mother  of  the  great 
priestly  martyr,  a  legend  which  Lin- 
gard  passed  over  in  silence  and  Sharon 
Turner  adopted  in  simple  faith.  Nor 
will  Dr.  Milman  admit  the  Saxon  de- 
scent through  Becket*s  father,  which 
was  asserted  by  Lord  Lyttelton  and  is 
acquiesced  in  by  Mens.  Thierry.  The 
saint*8  parents,  according  to  Dean  Mil- 
man,  were  honest  people  of  the  burgher 
class,  living  at  Caen.  They  removed 
to  London,  where  Becket's  father  oc- 
cupied a  respectable  station  as  a  mer- 
chant. The  young  Becket  was  trained 
to  business.  From  the  monastery  of 
Merton  he  was  promoted  to  the  count- 
ing-house of  a  merchant,  and  after- 
wards to  the  office  of  the  Sheriff  of 
London.  After  a  time  he  was  sent  to 
Paris  to  complete  his  knowledge  of  tho 
language  of  his  ancestors,  and  on  his 
return  was  thrown  by  good  fortune, 
and  the  influence  of  his  obvious  ability, 
in  the  way  of  archbishop  Theobald, 
who  admitted  him  into  his  household 
and  ultimately  into  his  nearest  confi- 
dence. In  the  archbishop*s  train  Becket 
visited  Home,  and,  layman  as  he  still 
was,  received  from  his  archiepiscopal 
patron  many  rich  preferments.  His 
talents  displayed  themselves  in  various 
difficult  negotiations,  and  were  re- 
warded by  an  archdeaconry,  and  the 
richest  offices  in  the  Church  short  of  a 
bishoprick.  On  the  accession  of  Henry 
II.  the  archbishop  reconunended  his 
favourite  Becket  to  the  patronage  of 
the  young  sovereign.  Henry  at  once 
took  him  into  his  good  graces,  and  at 
Theobald*s  suggestion  conferi*ed  u^n 
him  the  office  of  Chancellor.  During 
the  remainder  of  archbishop  Theo- 
bald's life,  Becket  governed  the  King 
with  the  same  cleverness,  devotion, 
and  magnificence,  which,  five  centuries 
afterwards,  were  exhibited  by  Wolsey. 
In  doing  so  Becket,  like  Wolsey,  dis« 
played  great  talents.  True  he  hu- 
moured Xhe  royal  follies,  but  he  also 


672 


HUtoTjf  ofChrkHanUg. 


[JmM^ 


managed  the  bariness  of  the  State  wiih 
acknowledged  skill  and  dignity. 

The  terms  on  which  he  stood  towards 
his  sovereign  may  be  judged  from  an 
anecdote  in  which  the  King  played  St. 
Martin  at  Becket*s  expense. 

As  they  rode  through  the  streets  of  Lon- 
don on  a  bleak  winter  da]r»  they  met  a 
beggar  in  rags.  ''  Would  it  not  be  cha- 
rity," said  the  King,  ''  to  give  that  fellow 
a  cloak  and  cover  him  from  the  cold  ?" 
Becket  assented;  on  which  the  King 
plucked  the  rich  furred  mantle  from  the 
shoulders  of  the  struggling  Chancellor,  and 
threw  it,  to  the  amazement  and  admiration 
of  the  bystanders,  no  doubt  to  the  secret 
envy  of  the  courtiers  at  this  proof  of 
Becket's  favour,  to  the  shivering  beggar. 

On  the  death  of  Theobald,  popular 
expectation  instantly  fixed  upon  Becket 
as  his  successor.  Becket  himself  is  said 
to  have  been  unwilling,  foreseeing  that 
his  promotion  would  place  him  m  op- 
position to  his  royal  benefactor.  Nor 
did  he  stand  alone  in  his  reluctance. 
The  monks  of  Canterbury  objected  to 
elect  one  who  had  never  worn  the 
cowl.  The  King  bore  down  all  opposi- 
tion. He  disregarded  what  he  sup* 
posed  to  be  the  affected  coyness  of 
Becket,  and  sent  down  his  great  jus- 
ticiary, Bichard  de  Luci,  to  awe  the 
refractory  monks  into  submission. 
Becket  was  elected,  and  Gilbert  Foliot, 
bishop  of  Hereford,  declared  that  the 
King  had  wrought  a  miracle,  by  turn- 
ing a  soldier  and  a  layman  mto  an 
archbishop.  Let  us  listen  to'  Dean 
Milman*s  account  of  the  immediate 
result 

The  King  had  indeed  wrought  a  greater 
miracle  than  himself  intended,  or  than 
Foliot  thought  possible.  Becket  became 
at  once  not  merely  a  decent  prelate,  but 
an  austere  and  mortified  monk :  he  seemed 
determined  to  make  up  for  his  want  of 
ascetic  qualifications;  to  crowd  a  whole 
life  of  monkhood  into  a  few  years.  Under 
his  canonical  dress  he  wore  a  monk*s  frock, 
haircloth  next  his  skin ;  his  studies,  his 
devotions,  were  long,  regiOar,  rigid.  At 
the  mass  he  was  frequently  melted  into 
passionate  tears.  In  his  outward  demean- 
our, indeed,  though  he  submitted  to  pri- 
vate flagellation,  and  the  most  severe 
macerations,  Becket  was  still  the  stately 
prelate ;  his  food,  though  scanty  to  abste- 
miousness, was,  as  his  constitution  re- 
quired, more  delicate ;  his  charities  were 
boundless.  Archbishop  Theobald  had 
doubled  the  usual  amount  of  the  primate's 


alms,  Becket  agua  doubled  tliak;  sad 
every  night  in  i^vaey,  no  dimbt  mora 
ostentatious  than  the  most  public  esdiibl- 
tions,  with  his  own  hands  m  washed  tha 
feet  of  thirteen  benars.  His  tMA  waa 
still  hospitable  ana  swrnptaoniy  bat  in- 
stead of  knights  and  nobles,  he  admitted 
only  learned  clerks,  and  espeeiaUj  the  re- 
gulars, whom  he  courted  with  the  most 
obsequious  deference.  For  the  sprichtlr 
coiiTm.tioi»  Of  former  time.  ititTnUk 
grave  books  in  the  Latin  of  the  church. 

Bat  the  change  was  not  alone  in  his 
habits  and  mode  of  life.  The  King  oonld 
not  have  reproved,  he  might  have  admired 
the  most  punctilious  regard  for  the  de- 
cency, the  dignity  of  the  highest  eccle- 
siastic in  the  realm.  But  the  inHexiUs 
churchman  began  to  betray  itself  in  more 
unexpected  acts.  While  still  in  Fknnee 
Henry  was  startled  at  receiving  a  peremp- 
tory  resignation  of  the  chanoelloriMp,  as 
inconsistent  with  the  religions  fnnctions  of 
the  primate.  This  act  was  as  it  irere  a 
bill  of  divorce  from  all  personal  intimaej 
with  the  King,  a  dissolution  of  their  old 
familiar  and  friendly  intercourse*  It  wss 
not  merely  that  the  holy  and  anstere  pre- 
late withdrew  from  the  nnbaeondng  plen- 
sures  of  the  court,  the  chase,  the  banqostt 
the  tournament,  even  the  war  ;  they  were 
no  more  to  meet  at  the  council  board  and 
the  seat  of  judicature.  It  hod  been  said 
that  Becket  was  co-sovereign  with  the 
King ;  he  now  appeared  (and  there  were 
not  wanting  secret  and  invidioas  eaeniss 
to  suggest,  and  to  inflame  the  suspicion,)  a 
rival  sovereign.  The  King,  when  Beekst 
met  him  on  his  landing  at  SonthamptoBi 
did  not  attempt  to  conceal  his  dissstislBO- 
tion ;  his  reception  of  his  old  friend  was 
cold. 

It  were  unjust  to  human  nature  to  sup- 
pose that  it  did  not  cost  Becket  a  vidlsnt 
struggle,  a  painful  sacrifice,  thus  as  It 
were  to  rend  himself  from  the  flunfllsrity 
and  friendship  of  his  mnnifioent  bmo 
factor.  It  was  no  doubt  a  severe  sense  of 
duty  which  crushed  his  natural  aSeetioas« 
especially  ss  vulgar  ambition  most  have 
pointed  out  a  more  sure  and  safe  way  to 
power  and  fiame.  Such  ambition  wonld 
hardly  have  hesitated  between  the  mH^ 
all  orders  through  the  King,  and  the  soli- 
tary and  dangerous  position  of  opposiaf 
so  powerful  a  monarch  to  — Hftim  the 
interests  and  secure  the  flivonr  of  one 
order  alone. 

The  first  public  di£forence  botwaea 
the  Kinff  and  Becket  is  thought  to  havt 
had  relation  to  the  Kinn  intended 
reimpositionofDanegelt  Beeketalono 
opposed  the  meditated  measnvei  oa  the 
ground  that  the  odioof  iinpQgtwM% 


1854.] 


History  of  Christianity. 


573 


mere  voluntarjr  payment,  and  not  a 
tax  to  be  levied  by  authority.  "  B^ 
the  eyes  of  Grod,  said  Henry,  his 
usual  oath,  "it  shall  be  enrolled." — "By 
the  same  eyes  by  which  you  swear,  * 
replied  the  prelate,  "  it  shall  never  be 
levied  on  my  lands,  whilst  I  live." 

Such  an  unwise  defiance  was  fol- 
lowed ere  long  by  other  acts  in  the 
same  spirit.  But  the  King  struck  at 
the  root  of  all  such  causes  of  dispute 
by  choosing  the  question  of  the  immu- 
nities of  the  clergy  as  his  field  of  battle. 
Crimes  of  great  atrocity  were  in  those 
rough  days  committed  by  members  of 
the  clerical  order,  but  the  culprits  were 
tried  in  the  ecclesiastical  courts,  where 
no  higher  punishments  were  inflicted 
than  ^^  flagellation,  imprisonment,  and 
degradation."  To  give  up  a  clergyman 
to  a  civil  tribunal  was  termed  "  giving 
up  Christ  to  be  crucified  by  the  heathen." 
To  mutilate  the  person  of  one  in  holy 
orders  was  held  to  be  directly  contrary 
to  the  Scripture ;  and  it  was  deemed 
a  thing  inconceivable  that  hands  which 
had  but  now  "made  God"  (iii.  459) 
should  be  tied  behind  the  back  like 
those  of  a  common  malefactor,  or  that 
his  neck  should  be  wrung  on  a  gibbet 
before  whom  kings  had  but  now  bowed 
in  reverential  homage. 

A  gross  case  occurred  of  a  clerk  in- 
sufficiently punished  for  a  grievous 
offence.  The  King  summoned  a  great 
council  to  consider  the  question,  and 
it  was  agreed  that  accused  clerks  should 
thenceforth  be  delivered  up  to  the  or- 
dinary tribunals  for  trial.  Becket  was 
foremost  in  opposition.  He  maintained 
the  inviolability  of  the  persons  of  the 
clergy,  and  insisted  that  they  should 
not  be  bound  by  the  new  law.  The 
bishops  were  called  upon  by  the  King 
to  declare  their  concurrence  in  its  pro- 
visions. Becket  added  these  woros  to 
the  customary  formula  of  consent — 
"  saving  my  order,"  which  totally  nul- 
lified the  proceeding.  All  the  other 
bishops  save  one  followed  his  example. 
But  time  and  further  consideration, 
with  some  experience  of  the  weieht  of 
the  royal  indignation,  producea  an 
alteration  in  their  minds.  Becket 
yielded  to  the  entreaties  of  his  brethren, 
the  new  law  was  reduced  to  writing, 
and  was  confirmed  by  the  bishops  in 
a  solemn  oath  of  consent  at  a  council 
held  at  Clarendon.  Becket  took  this 
oath,  but,  when  called  upon  to  farther 


ratifjT  the  act  by  affixing  his  seal,  he 
declined.  Repenting  already  of  what 
he  had  done,  ne  not  only  refused  to 
put  his  seal,  but  wrote  to  the  pope  re- 
questing to  be  absolved  from  his  oath. 
The  compliant  head  of  the  Church, 
at  that  time  an  exile  in  France,  was 
harassed  by  an  anti-pope,  who  was 
supported  by  the  emperor.  He  yielded 
immediately  to  Becket*s  request.  The 
primate*s  oath  was  nullifiea,  and  his 
concurrence  in  the  Constitutions  of 
Clarendon  was  quashed.  But  Henry 
was  not  thus  to  be  foiled.  He  also 
applied  to  the  pope,  and  extorted  from 
his  feebleness  a  variety  of  conces- 
sions which  reduced  the  power  and 
irritated  the  temper  of  the  incau- 
tious primate.  The  king  also  brought 
forward  money  claims  against  the 
archbishop,  arising  out  of  the  accounts 
of  his  chancellorship,  which  still  re- 
mained unsettled.  The  amount  de- 
manded by  the  king  was  44,000  marks, 
an  overwhelming  sum.  Becket  took 
counsel  of  his  brother  prelates,  who 
advised  him  to  throw  himself  on  the 
mercy  of  the  sovereign.  He  rejected 
their  advice,  denied  the  validity  of  the 
Constitutions  of  Clarendon  and  the 
jurisdiction  of  a  civil  tribunal  to  try  a 
question  in  which  he  was  interested. 
Finally,  he  appealed  to  the  pope.  Such 
conduct  was  deemed  not  merely  a 
breach  of  the  constitutions  of  Claren- 
don, to  which  Becket  had  sworn,  but  a 
treasonable  defiance  of  the  King ;  and 
the  lay  barons  referred  with  indignant 
regret  to  the  times  of  the  Conqueror, 
"who  knew  best  how  to  deal  with 
these  turbulent  churchmen."  The 
bishops  were  inhibited  by  Becket  from 
taking  part  in  the  further  proceedings 
against  him.  The  King  summoned 
them  to  perform  their  duty.  They 
appealed  in  vain  to  the  primate  to  re- 
lease them  from  their  canenical  obe- 
dience as  his  sufifragans.  All  the  answer 
they  could  extract  from  him  was,  "  I 
hear." 

They  returned  to  the  King,  and  with 
difficulty  obtained  an  exemption  from  con- 
currence in  the  sentence  $  they  promised 
to  join  in  a  inpplication  to  the  pope  to 
depose  Becket.  The  King  permitted  their 
appeaL  Robert  Earl  of  Leicester,  a  grave 
and  aged  nobleman,  was  commissioned  to 
pronounce  the  sentence.  Leicester  had 
hardlj  began  when  Becket  sternly  inter- 
mpt^^nim.     "Thy  sentence  1  son  and 


674 


Hiiiorg  of  Christianity. 


[Janef 


Mrl,  bear  me  fint !  The  King  wis  pleased 
to  promote  me  against  my  will  to  the 
archbishopric  of  Canterbury.  I  was  then 
declared  free  from  all  secular  obligations. 
Ye  are  my  children  ;  presume  ye  against 
law  and  reason  to  sit  in  judgment  on  your 
spiritual  father  ?  I  am  to  be  judged  only, 
nnder  God,  by  the  Pope.  To  him  I  ap- 
peal ;  before  him  I  cite  you,  barons  and 
my  suffragans,  to  appear.  Under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Catholic  Church  and  the 
Apostolic  See  I  depart !  "  He  rose  and 
walked  slowly  down  the  hall.  A  deep 
murmur  ran  through  the  crowd.  Some 
took  up  straws  and  threw  them  at  him. 
One  uttered  the  word  "  traitor  P'  The 
old  chivalrous  spirit  woke  in  the  soul  of 
Beeket  "  Were  it  not  for  my  order  you 
should  rue  that  word."  But  by  other  ac- 
counts he  restrained  not  his  language  to 
this  pardonable  impropriety — he  met  scorn 
with  scorn.  One  officer  of  the  King's 
household  he  upbraided  for  having  had  a 
kinsman  hanged.  Anselm,  the  King's 
brother,  he  called  "Bastard  and  Cata- 
mite.** The  door  was  locked,  but  for- 
tunately the  key  was  found.  He  passed 
out  into  the  street,  where  he  was  received 
by  the  populace,  to  whom  he  had  endeared 
himself  by  his  charities,  his  austerities — 
perhaps  by  his  courageous  opposition  to 
the  King  and  the  nobles — amid  loud  ac- 
clamations. They  pressed  so  closely  around 
him  for  his  blessing  that  he  could  scarcely 
guide  his  horse.  He  returned  to  the 
ehurch  of  St.  Andrew,  and  placed  his  cross 
by  the  altar  of  the  Virgin.  <*  Tliis  was  a 
fearful  day,"  said  Fitz-Stephen.  <<The 
day  of  judgment,**  he  replied,  *'  will  be 
more  fearful."  After  supper  he  sent  the 
bishops  of  Hereford,  Worcester,  and  Ro- 
chester to  the  King  to  request  permission 
to  leave  the  kingdom :  the  King  coldly 
deferred  his  answer  till  the  morrow. 

Beeket  and  his  friends  no  doubt  thought 
his  life  in  danger;  he  is  said  to  have  re- 
ceived some  alarming  warnings.  It  is  re- 
ported, on  the  other  hand,  that  the  King, 
apprehensive  of  the  fierce  zeal  of  his  fol- 
lowers, issued  a  proclamation  that  no  one 
■hould  do  harm  to  the  archbishop  or  his 
people.  It  is  more  likely  that  the  King, 
who  must  hsve  known  the  peril  of  at- 
tempting the  life  of  an  archbishop,  would 
have  apprehended  and  committed  him  to 
prison.  Beeket  expressed  his  intention  to 
pass  the  night  in  the  church ;  his  bed  was 
strewn  before  the  altar.  At  midnight  he 
rose,  and  with  only  two  monks  and  a 
terrant  stole  out  of  the  northern  gate,  the 
only  one  which  was  not  guarded.  He  car- 
ried with  him  only  his  archiepiscopal  pall 
and  his  seal.  The  weather  was  wet  and 
stormy,  but  the  next  morning  they  reached 
Ltacoln,  and  lodged  with  a  plo\u  dt^oa— 


piety  and  admiratloii  of  Beeket  were  the 
same  thing.  At  Lincoln  he  took  the  dia- 
goise  of  a  monk,  dropped  down  the  Witham 
to  a  hermitage  in  the  fens  belonging  to 
the  Cistercians  of  Sempringham ;  thence 
by  cross-roads,  and  chiefly  by  night,  he 
found  his  way  to  Estrey,  about  five  mfles 
from  Deal,  a  manor  belonging  to  Christ 
Church  in  Canterbuir.  He  remained 
there  a  week.  On  AH  Souls*  Day  he  went 
on  board  a  boat,  just  before  morning, 
and  by  the  evening  reached  the  coast  of 
Flanders.  To  avoid  observation  he  landed 
on  the  open  shore  near  Gravelines.  His 
large  loose- shoes  made  it  difficult  to  wade 
through  the  sand  without  Calling.  He  sate 
down  in  despair.  After  some  delay  vras 
obtained,  for  a  prelate  accustomed  to  the 
prancing  war-horse  or  stately  cayalcade,  a 
sorry  nag  without  a  saddle,  and  with  a 
wisp  of  hay  for  a  bridle.  But  he  soon  got 
weary,  and  was  fain  to  walk.  He  had  many 
adventures  by  the  way.  He  was  once 
nearly  betrayed  by  gazing  vrith  delight  on 
a  falcon  upon  a  young  squire's  wrist ;  his 
fright  punished  him  for  this  relapae  into 
his  secular  vanities.  The  host  of  a  small 
inn  recognised  him  by  his  lofty  look  and 
the  whiteness  of  his  hands.  At  length  he 
arrived  at  the  monastery  of  Clair  Marais, 
near  St.  Omer;  he  was  there  joined  by 
Herbert  de  Bosham,  who  had  been  left 
behind  to  collect  what  money  he  could  at 
Canterbury :  he  brought  but  100  marks 
and  some  plate. 

Beckct's  reception  in  France  was 
triumphal.  *^  I  am  a  king,"  said  Louis 
VU.,  *^like  my  brother  of  England, 
but  I  should  not  dare  to  depose  the 
meanest  of  my  clergy."  The  pope,  an 
exile  in  France,  bound  to  Heiury  by 
strong  ties  of  gratitude,  although  now 
almost  dependent  upon  Louis,  accepted 
Becket's  appeal  to  nis  ultimate  judg- 
ment, but-,  as  a  half-measure,  agreed 
to  send  legates  into  England  for  pre- 
liminary  inquiry.  In  nis  interviews 
with  Beeket  his  holiness  condemned 
the  Constitutions  of  Clarendon,  rebuked 
Beeket  for  having  ever  consented  to 
them,  and  assured  him  of  his  protection 
and  support.  Whilst  Beeket  remained 
on  the  continent,  there  ensued,  for 
several  ^ears,  a  succession  of  violent 

Sroceedmgs  on  both  sides.  The  King 
rove  out  of  the  kingdom  the  primate*8 
kinsmen  and  friends  to  the  number  of 
400  persons.  Under  his  legatine  au- 
thority, the  archbishop  cited  the  King 
thrice  to  answer  before  bim.  On  his 
contemptuous  refusal,  Beeket  solemnly 
v»i\]il<%d  tibft  Constitutions  of  Claren- 


1854.] 


Historjf  of  ChriHianity. 


575 


don,  absolved  all  the  bishops  from  the 
oaths  by  which  they  had  sworn  to  main- 
tain them,  and  excommunicated  all  his 
principal  opponents.  The  pope  wavered 
and  temporised;  special  legates  wept 
and  accepted  bribes ;  Henry  was  vio- 
lent and  passionate;  Becket  proud 
and  in  all  concessions  constant  to  his 
obnoxious  exception,  "  saving  the  ho- 
nour of  God  and  the  rights  of  the 
Church  " —  which  included  everything 
in  dispute ;  the  bishops,  overawed  and 
paralysed  by  Becket's  excommunica- 
tion, were  gradually  going  over  to  his 
side.  Becket  ultimately  threatened  to 
lay  the  kingdom  under  an  interdict, 
and  such  was  the  superstitious  fear 
entertained  of  his  spiritual  power,  that 
all  the  bishops  except  two  were  pre- 
pared to  obey  him.  At  this  point  the 
pope  was  induced  to  interfere.  He 
released  the  bishops  from  Becket*s  ex- 
communication. There  followed  a 
hollow  reconciliation,  which  left  all  the 
causes  of  dispute  unsettled,  and  gave 
Becket  an  opportunity  for  exercising 
vengeance.  He  landed  at  Sandwich 
from  Whitsand,  but  sent  before  him 
fresh  sentences  of  excommunication 
which,  on  a  new  pretence,  he  had  pro- 
cured from  the  pope  against  his  enemies. 

When  the  fulminating  instraments  were 
read  before  them  [Becket's  suffragans  and 
the  Archbishop  of  York],  in  which  was 
this  passage,  "  wc  will  fill  your  faces  with 
ignominy,"  their  countenances  fell.  They 
sent  messengers  to  complain  to  Becket, 
that  he  came  not  in  peace,  but  in  fire  and 
flame,  trampling  his  brother  bishops  under 
his  feet,  and  making  their  necks  his  foot- 
stool ;  tiiat  he  had  condemned  them  uq- 
cited,  unlicard,  unjudged.  "There  is  no 
peace,"  Becket  sternly  replied,  "but  to 
men  of  good  will."  It  was  said  that  LoU' 
don  was  disposed  to  humble  himself  before 
Becket ;  but  York,  trusting  in  his  wealth, 
boasted  that  he  had  in  his  power  the  pope, 
the  king,  and  all  their  courts. 

Instead  of  the  port  of  Dover,  where  he 
was  expected,  Becket's  vessel,  with  the 
archiepiscopal  banner  displayed,  cast  an- 
chor at  Sandwich.  Soon  after  his  landing 
appeared  in  arms  the  sheriff  of  Kent, 
Randulph  de  Broc,  and  other  of  his  ene- 
mies. They  searched  his  baggage,  fiercely 
demanded  that  he  should  absolve  the 
bisliops,  and  endeavoured  to  force  the 
Archdeacon  of  Sens,  a  foreign  ecclesiastic, 
to  take  an  oath  to  keep  the  peace  of  the 
realm.  John  of  Oxford  was  shocked,  and 
repressed  their  violence.  On  his  way  to 
Canterbury  the  country  clergy  came  forth 


with  their  flocks  to  meet  him ;  they  strewed 
their  garments  in  his  way,  chantiDg» 
"  Blessed  is  he  that  oometh  in  the  name 
of  the  Lord."  Arrived  at  Canterbury,  he 
rode  at  once  to  the  church  with  a  vast 
procession  of  clergy,  amid  the  ringing  of 
the  bells  and  the  chanting  of  music.  He 
took  his  archiepiscopal  throne,  and  after- 
wards preached  on  the  text,  "  Here  we 
have  no  abiding  city."  The  next  morning 
came  again  the  sheriff  of  Kent,  with  Ran- 
dulph de  Broc,  and  the  messengers  of  the 
bishops,  demanding  their  absolution. 
Becket  evaded  the  question  by  asserting 
that  the  excommunication  was  not  pro- 
nounced by  him,  but  by  his  superior  the 
pope ;  that  he  had  no  power  to  abrogate 
the  sentence.  This  declaration  was  directly 
at  issue  with  the  bull  of  excommunication. 
If  the  bishops  gave  satisfaction  to  the  arch- 
bishop, he  had  power  to  act  on  behalf  of 
the  pope.  But  to  the  satisfaction  which, 
according  to  one  account,  he  did  demand, 
that  they  should  stand  a  public  trial,  in 
other  words,  place  themselves  at  his  mercy, 
they  would  not,  and  hardly  could,  submit. 
They  set  out  immediately  to  the  King  in 
Normandy. 

It  was  on  the  arrival  of  the  newly 
excommunicated  prelates  in  the  pre- 
sence of  the  King  that  he  let  fall  the 
fatal  words  which  led  to  the  murder  of 
the  archbishop.  We  need  not  dwell 
upon  the  circumstances.  Thepr  will 
be  found  minutely  investigated  in  Mr. 
J.  G.  Nichols's  Pilgrimages  of  Walsing- 
hnm  and  Canterbury,  1849,  p.  213, 
and  in  the  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  xciii. 
p.  355,  Hideous  and  wicked  as  was 
the  crime  of  Becket*8  murderers,  no 
one  can  read  the  detail  of  his  life  with- 
out perceiving  how  directly  his  turbu* 
lence  and  arrogance  conduced  to  the 
final  result.  The  principles  on  which 
he  acted  were  at  variance  with  all 
government,  except  that  which  places 
absolute  and  paramount  authority  in 
the  hands  of  the  clersy.  In  their  re- 
sults, as  carried  out  by  Becket,  these 
principles  were  unquestionably  trea- 
sonable ;  but  there  does  not  seem  at  that 
day  to  have  been  any  ordinary  tribunal 
competent  to  take  cognizance  of  his 
conduct.  For  several  years  Becket 
destroyed  the  peace  of  the  kingdomt 
his  arrogance  and  vindictiveness  con- 
tinually adding  fresh  fuel  to  the  flames 
of  discord,  ana,  although  the  conduct 
of  Henry  II.,  and  inde^  that  of  every 
person  engaged  in  the  dispute,  seems 
to  have  been  harsh  and  wicked, 
Becket*8  own  personal  share  in  the 


576 


Our  Lady  of  Montserrai. 


[Jime» 


general  misconduct  was  unquestion- 
ably the  greatest.  Upon  him  rests  the 
responsibility  of  the  commencement  of 
the  strife,  and  not  less  so,  the  blame 
of  haying  carried  it  on  upon  principles 
the  most  unpatriotic  and  unchristian. 
Dean  Milman*s  narratiye  of  these  im- 
portant transactions  has  been  carefully 


prepared,  and  is  founded  upon  a  con- 
sideration of  the  original  authorities. 
It  presents  an  acceptable  antidote  to  the 
false  gloss  put  upon  this  porUon  of  our 
history  by  Lingard.  It  is  also  a  fair 
specimen  of  a  TOok  which  is  of  a  high 
order,  both  in  interest  and  in  merit. 


OUR  LADY  OF  MONTSERRAT. 


MONTSERRAT  is  a  mountain  in 
Spain,  in  the  proyince  of  Catalonia,  a 
few  leagues  distant  from  the  Mediter- 
ranean port  of  Barcelona.  It  has  been 
celebrated  for  many  ages  as  a  place  of 
pilgrimage,  and  yields  only  in  fame  to 
Loretto  and  St.  James  of  Compostella. 
Apart  from  its  religious  attractions,  this 
mountain  i>ossesses  those  which  mi^ht 
well  make  it  a  resort  for  the  scientific 
or  curious  trayeller.  It  is  undoubt- 
edly one  of  the  most  singular  of  na- 
ture's freaks,  and  its  peculiar  character 
is  conyeyed  in  its  name.  Montserrat 
signifies  the  sawn  mountain,  and  the 
arms  of  its  monastery  represent  a  saw 
half  through  a  rock.  Its  general  form 
is  that  of  a  cone,  but  this  is  made  up 
of  an  immense  number  of  precipitous 
peaks,  or  smaller  cones,  wnich  tower 
up  in  close  proximity  like  the  pinna- 
cles of  a  gothic  spire.  Its  importance 
as  a  natural  object  is  greatly  enhanced 
by  its  standing  alone,  interrupted  by 
no  other  mountain  of  like  altitude 
which  micht  detract  from  its  apparent 
height.  Wild  as  the  place  is,  the  pious 
legends  connected  with  it  are  wilder 
still ;  but  it  has  an  interest  far  beyond 
this,  in  connecting,  like  Einsiedlen,  the 
career  of  a  remarkable  man  with  its 
history.  In  this  case,  howeyer,  the 
name  is  on  the  side  of  counter-reform ; 
and  it  is  that  of  its  greatest  leader, 
Ignatius  Loyola. 

One  of  the  most  minute  descriptions 
of  this  place  is  to  be  found  in  the  Jour- 
ney of  Philip  Thicknesse,  the  early 
patron  of  Gainsborough.  There  is  a 
contemporary  narratiye  in  Swinburne's 
Trayels,  which  is  howeyer  less  com- 
plete ;  but  I  shall  use  the  two,  and  also 
check  their  accuracy  with  the  Spanish 
account  and  history,  entitled,  **  Com- 
pendio  Historial  o  relacion  breye  y 
reridica  del  portentoto  S«n\.\iano  7 
2 


camara  angelical  de  Nuestra  Senora  de 
Monserrate,'*  &c.  Thicknesse  made 
a  complete  tour  of  the  mountain,  and 
yisited  all  the  hermitages.  Of  the  holy 
mountain,  which  for  many  ageshasbeen 
selected  as  the  retirement  of  solitary 
recluses,  he  says : 

When  I  first  saw  the  mountain,  it  had 
the  appearance  of  an  infinite  number  of 
rocks,  cut  into  conical  forms,  and  bvilt 
upon  one  another  to  a  prodigious  height. 
Upon  a  nearer  yiew,  each  cone  appeared 
of  itself  a  mountain,  and  the  tomi  entfM^lff 
compose  an  enormous  mass  of  the  LmmdMt 
Helmoniiy  or  plampudding-stone,  fourteen 
miles  in  circumference,  and  what  the  Spa- 
niards call  two  leagues  in  height.  As  it 
is  like  unto  no  other  mountain,  so  it 
stands  quite  unconnected  with  any,  though 
not  yeiy  distant  from  aome  yery  loftf 
ones. 

The  ascent,  which  is  usually  efifected 
with  mules,  begins  by  a  rugged  and 
steep  road,  sometimes  flanked  by  pre- 
cipitous decliyities,  and,  afler  journey- 
ing for  two  or  three  hours,  the  tra- 
yeller  arriyes  at  a  plain  about  the 
middle  of  the  mountain,  and  here  it  is 
that  the  monastery  is  built  From 
hence  begin  the  real  difiiculties 
which  assail  the  pious  pilgrim,  or  ad- 
yenturous  tourist,  who  wishes  to  yisit 
the  hermitages.  This  portion  of  the 
ascent  commences  by  a  staircase  of 
stone,  consisting  of  800  steps,  cut  out 
of  the  solid  rock,  exceedingly  steep, 
and  in  some  places  almost  perpen- 
dicular ;  in  fact  so  difficult,  that  Thick- 
nesse obseryes,  **afler  reaching  the 
top  of  the  first  stage,  it  was  not  with- 
out some  apprehension,  that,  if  there 
was  no  better  road  down,  we  must  haye 
become  hermits,**  A  second  ascent, 
longer,  but  less  steep,  conducts 
through  flowery  and  perfumed  paths, 
x\c.\x  ^\t,h    the  myrtle,  jasmine^  the 


1854.] 


Our  Lady  of  Montserrat 


677 


rosemarj,  lavender,  and  thyme,  and 
other  fragrant  shrubs,  to  the  first  her- 
mitage, dedicated  to  St.  James,  patron 
Saint  of  Spain.  This  is  two  thousand 
three  hundred  paces  from  the  convent, 
yet  it  hangs  so  directly  over  it,  that 
the  rocks  convey  not  only  the  sound 
of  the  organ,  and  the  voices  of  the 
monks  singing  in  the  choir,  but  you 
may  hear  men  in  common  conversation 
from  the  piazza  below.  The  second 
hermitage  is  that  of  St.  Katharine, 
situated  in  a  deep  secluded  vale.  At 
the  time  of  Thicknesse*s  visit  this  was 
tenanted  by  a  hermit,  who  had  made 
the  birds  about  him  so  familiar  with 
his  presence,  as  not  onlv  to  manifest 
no  fear,  but  to  become  obedient  to  his 
call,  to  settle  upon  his  head,  and  even 
to  entangle  their  feet  in  his  beard,  and 
take  bread  out  of  his  mouth.  The 
attachment  of  recluses  and  prisoners 
to  the  poor  company  of  dumb  creatures 
seems  to  be  nature*s  protest  against  a 
condition  so  contrary  to  the  Taws  of 
our  being.  Yet,  even  in  this  enjoy- 
ment, the  poor  hermit  scarcely  abided 
by  the  rigid  rules  of  his  profession,  for 
they  are  forbidden  to  keep  **  dog,  cat, 
or  bird,  or  any  living  thing,  lest  their 
attention  should  be  withdrawn  from 
heavenly  to  earthly  aflfections." 

Next  the  pilgrims  arrive  at  the  her- 
mitage of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  about 
800  paces  further,  having  on  the  east 
side  a  frightful  precipice.  Here  Philip 
the  Third  dined  July  1 1th,  1599.  Not 
far  o(r  is  the  chapel  of  St  Michael, 
near  to  which  is  tne  grotto  in  which 
the  miraculous  image  of  the  Virgin  is 
said  to  have  been  found.  From  hence 
you  proceed  to  the  cell  of  St.  Ono- 
frius,  fixed  in  a  clefl  of  one  of  the  i>me 
heads  (for  so  the  peaks  are  called  by 
Thicknesse,  from  the  Spanish  penas,) 
and  its  access  is  difficult  and  dangerous, 
being  reached  by  a  ladder  ol  sixty 
steps,  after  which  a  tremendous  chasm 
must  be  crossed  by  a  little  wooden 
bridge.  The  space  on  which  it  stands 
is  ver^  limited;  but  from  it  is  an 
extensive  prospect,  embracing,  when 
the  air  is  clear,  the  islands  of  Mi- 
norca, ^lajorca,  Ivica,  &c.  By  a  lad- 
der of  an  hundred  steps,  the  cell  of 
St.  Magdalen  is  attained;  and  hence 
is  a  path  to  the  highest  part  of  the 
mountain,  three  thousand  five  hundred 
paces  distant,  leading  to  the  cell  of  St. 
Jerome,  an  ascent  of  great  fatigue  and 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  ALI. 


difficulty.  The  seventh  hermitage  is 
dedicated  to  St.  Antony,  the  father  of 
hermits,  and  its  ascent  is  so  dangerous 
that  few  are  tempted  to  visit  it.  The 
turret  is  so  small  that  it  will  not  con- 
tain two  men,  and  is  near  the  edge  of 
a  frightful  precipice,  one  hundred  and 
eigfhty  fathoms  inperpendicular  descent. 
Next  is  the  ceU  of  St.  Saviour,  to 
attain  which  it  is  necessary  to  clamber 
over  the  crags  on  all-fours,  and  its 
oratory  is  cut  out  of  the  living  rock. 
Thence  the  descent  begins,  and  at  six 
hundred  paces  distant  is  the  hermitage 
of  St.  Benedict.  Here  the  hermit  has 
the  right  of  entertaining  his  brethren 
once  a-year,  when  they  receive  the 
sacrament  from  the  mountain  vicar. 
The  hermitage  of  St.  Anne  is  next 
approached ;  it  is  larger  than  the  rest, 
and  is  nearly  in  the  centre  of  all,  sur- 
rounded by  noble  trees  of  **  the  ever- 
green oak,  the  cork,  the  cypress,  and 
spreading  fig-tree."  It  was  built  in 
1498,  and  pilgrims  pay  a  more  than 
ordinary  devotion  here,  which  may  be 
attributed  to  the  fact  of  it  being  dedi- 
cated to  the  mother  of  the  Virgin. 
Eight  hundred  and  fifly  paces  distant, 
in  a  solitary  deep  wooa,  stands  the 
hermitage  of  the  Holy  Trinity.  Next 
comes  thiat  of  the  Holy  Cross,  which  is 
that  nearest- to  the  convent.  The  last 
is  that  of  St.  Dimas,  the  origin  of  which 
is  singular.  It  was  formerly  a  strong 
castle,  inhabited  by  banditti,  who  plun- 
dered the  country  far  and  near,  and 
would  frequently  demand  provisions 
and  wine  of  the  convent,  over  which 
it  hangs,  by  lowering  baskets  by  cords. 
If  their  demands  were  not  complied 
with,  "They  tumbled  down  rocks  of 
an  immense  size,  which  freauently 
damaged  the  buildiugs,  and  killed  the 
people  beneath.** 

At  length  the  monks,  by  the  assistance 
of  good  glasses,  and  a  constant  attention 
to  the  motions  of  their  troublesome 
ioardert,  having  observed  that  the  greater 
part  were  gone  out  on  a  marauding  party, 
persuaded  seven  or  eight  stout  farmers  to 
believe  that  Heaven  would  reward  them 
if  they  could  scale  the  horrid  precipices, 
and  by  surprise  seize  the  castle,  and  secure 
the  few  who  remained  in  it;  and  these 
brave  men  accordingly  got  into  it  unob- 
served, killed  one  of  the  men,  and  secured 
the  others  for  a  public  example.  The 
castle  was  then  demolished,  and  a  hermit- 
age cslled  St.  Dimas,  or  the  Good  Thief, 
built  upon  the  spot. 

4£ 


578 


Our  Lady  of  Manherrui, 


CJime, 


It  is  Burrounded  on  all  sides  by  dread- 
ful precipiceSf  and  is  entered  on  the 
east  side  by  a  drawbridge,  which^ 
when  drawn  up,  renders  access  im- 
possible. 

It  is  difficult  to  say  at  what  time  this 
mouiitain  became  consecrated  to  be- 
come the  habitation  of  recluses,  but  it 
is  extremely  probable  that  it  was  yery 
early  in  the  Chrbtian  era.  The  wild 
and  singular  legend  of  John  Guerin 
gives  us  a  tradition  which  goes  back 
to  the  ninth  century,  and,  as  it  relates 
to  the  devotion  towards  the  image  of 
the  Virgin  preserved  here,  it  properly 
belongs  to  the  early  history  of  Our 
Lady  of  Montserrat 

John  Guerin  was  a  holy  hermit,  who 
had  chosen  for  his  seclusion  the  wil- 
derness of  Montserrat.  The  fame  of 
his  piety,  however,  and  of  his  austeritv, 
could  not  be  concealed  from  the  world 
he  had  renounced.  He  worked  miracles, 
and  was  particularly  potent  in  ejecting 
devils.  The  Count  of  Barcelona  had 
a  daughter  of  such  surpassing  beauty, 
that  no  one  could  look  upon  her  with- 
out becoming  enamoured.  But  she 
became  possessed  of  a  devil.  All  the 
exorcists  came  to  drive  him  away,  but 
in  vain ;  he  baffled  them  all.  In  de- 
spair, the  father  took  her  to  the  holy 
hermit,  whose  fame  and  potency  against 
the  powers  of  darkness  had  reached  his 
ears.  John  Guerin  betook  himself  to 
prayer,  and  the  evil  spirit  was  ejected 
Btterinff  wild  cries. 

The  father  was  overjoved;  but,  fear- 
ful that  the  fiend  mignt  return,  he 
thought  he  had  better  leave  his  daugh- 
ter in  the  hands  of  so  pious  a  man,  and 
one  so  powerful  against  the  emissaries 
of  Satan.  Some  writers  say  that  Satan 
bad  taken  up  his  abode  in  a  grotto 
near  the  cell  of  Guerin,  and  under  the 
form  of  a  hermit  had  gained  his  con- 
fidence. Guerin  became  tempted  by 
the  beauty  of  the  princess,  and  his  in- 
sidious neighbour  urged  him  onwards 
to  the  moral  precipice  ne  was  approach- 
ing. In  short,  Guerin,  o*er-mastered 
by  a  wicked  passion  or  Uie  wiles  of 
Satan,  violated  the  person  of  the  youn^ 
princess,  and  aflerwards,  to  conceu 
nis  crime,  cut  her  throat,  and  buried 
the  body  under  a  rock.  Shame  and 
remorse  pursued  him.   He  made  a  pil- 

S image  to  Home,  threw  himself  at  Uie 
it  of  the  Pone,  and  confessed  lus 
crime.    The  holy  father,  tSxwk.  mtk 


horror,  oommanded  him  as  a  penance 
to  go  on  all  fours  back  to  Montserrat ; 
to  Eve  alone ;  to  speak  to  no  one ;  and 
never  to  raise  himself  on  his  feet,  until 
an  in&nt  of  three  months*  old  should 
announce  to  him  the  pardon  of  Heaven 
for  his  crime* 

He  ob^ed :  and  for  seven  long  years 
lived  in  the  nudst  of  the  woods  on  the 
mountain  with  savaffe  beasts,  walkii]^ 
and  feeding  like  them.  One  dav  tt 
chanced  that  the  Count  of  Barcelona 
was  hunting  on  the  mountain  of  Mont- 
serrat, when  his  foUowers  found  in  a 
cavern  a  creature  in  the  human  form, 
but  hairy  like  a  bear,  and  moving  on 
all-fburs.  They  took  him  alive,  and 
led  him  to  Barcelona,  where  he  was 
chained-up  in  a  stable  of  the  castle. 

Some  days  after,  the  Count  made  a 
grand  festival  on  the  occasion  of  a  son 
beinff  bom  to  him.  The  guests  heard 
speak  of  the  singular  monster,  and 
asked  to  see  it.  It  was  brouj^ht  into 
the  banqueting  hall,  and  the  infiuit  at 
the  same  time  enteI^ed  in  the  anus  of 
its  nurse.  No  sooner  had  the  babe 
cast  its  eyes  on  the  creature,  than  it 
said,  in  a  loud  voice,  *^Rise,  brother 
John  Guerin ;  Grod  hath  forgiven  thy 
sins.** 

The  astonishment  at  this  mirademay 
be  imagined,  and  Guerin  was  called 
upon  to  relate  his  history.  WiUi  a 
ffroan  he  declared  his  suis,  and  threw 
himself  upon  the  merov  of  the  Coimt ; 
who  said,  '^  Since  God  has  pardoned 
you,  I  do  with  all  my  heart ;  but  tell 
me  where  you  have  buried  my  daugh- 
ter, that  I  may  inter  her  in  the  tomb 
of  her  ancestors.'*  Guerin  went,  and 
pointed  out  the  spot  They  dug  np 
the  earth,  when,  behold!  the  gm  was 
found  oA'oe,  and  of  ravishing  beau^. 
There  was,  however,  a  mark  about  her 
neck  like  a  scarlet  cord,  to  indicate  the 

glace  where  her  throat  had  been  cut. 
he  related  to  her  father  that  the  holy 
Virgin,  to  whom  she  always  recom- 
mended herself,  had  preserved  her  thus 
miraculously  in  the  bosom  of  the  earth. 
A  convent  of  nuns  was  accordindy 
erected  by  her  desiro  on  the  spot,  Ibe 
princess  was  made  abbess,  and  Gnerin 
confessor  and  director. 

It  may  be  as  well  to  observe,  that 
there  are  many  versions  of  this  wild 
story  to  be  found  in  the  collections  of 
"  Contes  Devots,*'  and  one,  containing 
very  many  points  of  resemblance^  is 


1854.] 


Our  Lady  qfMonUerrai. 


619 


among  those  noticed  by  Le  Grand.* 
In  fact,  the  temptations  to  which  re- 
cluses were  sabject  from  the  wiles  of 
Satan  was  a  fruitful  theme  for  discus- 
sion amongst  mediaeval  writers. 

The  protection  of  the  Virgin,  thus 
manifested  at  Montserrat,  was  still 
further  to  be  expressed ;  for  about 
this  time,  or  perhaps  as  a  sequel  to  this 
eyent,  shepherds  tending  their  flocks 
perceived  on  several  successive  nights 
angels,  surrounded  with  a  brilliant 
light,  singing  on  the  summit  of  the 
rock  where  toe  body  of  the  young  girl 
had  been  found  alive.  These  things  at 
length  came  to  the  ears  of  the  Bishop 
of  Manresa,  who,  having  examined  into 
the  facts,  determined  to  set  out  for 
Montserrat  himself,  which  he  did  with 
a  large  concourse  of  clergy  and  nobi- 
lity. At  the  same  hour  the  light  ap- 
peared as  usual,  the  same  sweet  sounds, 
too,  greeted  their  ears.  Some  labourers 
of  Lugar,  a  little  village  not  far  distant, 
anxious  to  behold  the  prodigy,  came 
also,  and  determined  to  climb  up  to 
the  spot  whence  the  shininglight  issued. 
It  was  a  work  of  great  difficulty  and 
labour,  but  they  were  guided  in  their 
search  by  an  exquisite  fraffrance  to  a 
cave  hollowed  out  of  a  rocx,  and  there 
they  found  an  image  of  Our  Lady  and 
the  child  Jesus.  And  tradition  further 
states,  that  this  figure,  first  brought  to 
Spain  in  apostolic  ages,  was  placed 
here  at  the  time  of  the  invasion  of  the 
Moors,  by  the  ministry  of  angels,  to 
preserve  it  from  insult  and  desecration. 

Having  achieved  this  pious  under- 
taking, the  labourers  called  out  to  those 
nt  the  foot  of  the  rock  announcing  their 
discovery,  which  was  hailed  by  uie  as- 
sembly with  shouts  of  thanksgiving. 
The  bishop  approached,  and  reverent^ 
received  the  holy  image  in  his  arms, 
and  a  procession  was  formed  with  the 
intent  to  carry  it  in  triumph  to  the 
city  of  Manresa.  But  a  new  prodigy 
took  place.  They  had  hardly  reached 
the  middle  of  the  mountain  on  their 
descent,  near  tlie  foot  of  some  of  the 
most  elevated  peaks,  when  behold  it 
wiis  impossible  to  move  the  image  a 
step  further.  So  the  bishop,  perceiving 
Uiis  new  sign,  at  once  knew  that  it  was 
the  wish  of  the  "  Queen  of  Heaven  " 
that  the  image  should  here  remain,  and 
a  chapel  be  erected  to  her  honour. 


This  was  the  spot  where  the  monastery 
is  now  fixed,  and  which  has  had  00 
world-wide  a  celebrity  for  the  posses^ 
sion  of  this  miraculous  treasure. 

The  fortunes  of  Montserrat  were 
scarcely  interrupted,  and  its  history 
presents  us  with  a  long  list  of  bene* 
factors  continually  pouring  in  riches 
to  its  treasury.  The  most  noble  of 
Europe  vied  in  their  devotion  towards 
the  sacred  shrine,  and  the  bare  enu- 
meration of  bequests'  would  weary  the 
reader.  Ferdinand  of  Castile,  and  Isa- 
bella of  Araffon,  were  among  the  most 
distinguished  of  the  Spanish  sovereigns 
in  the  list  of  benefactors,  and  it  was  to 
their  pious  zeal  that  the  convent  was 
indebted  for  the  foundation  of  a  new 
and  more  extensive  church.  They 
visited  the  shrine  with  great  pomp  in 
1492,  and  offered  a  silver  lamp  to  the 
Virgin  weighing  26  marcos,  and  eo-« 
dowed  it  with  200  ducats.  They  ap- 
pointed abo  from  among  the  monks 
the  first  archbishop  of  the  Indies,  one 
Fra  Bernardo  Boil,  with  twelve  monks 
as  companions,  who  constituted  the 
first  apostolic  missionaries  to  the  New 
Worl(t  Philip  II.  and  Philip  IIL  were 
both  especial  benefactors,  and  the  visit 
of  the  latter,  on  11th  July,  1599,  was 
one  of  peculiar  solemnity.  The  King 
had  come  for  the  especial  purpose  of 
assisting  at  the  translation  of  the  vene- 
rable image  from  the  old  church  to 
the  new  one,  now  completed.  He  re* 
mained  at  the  convent  four  days,  and 
on  one  paid  a  visit  to  all  tbe  her- 
mitages, dining  at  that  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  and  returning  much  fatigued 
at  ten  o*clock  at  night.  On  the  fol- 
lowing dav  the  ceremony  of  the  trans- 
lation took  place.  Ail  the  monks  and 
hermits  havmg  heard  mass,  and  con* 
fessed,  and  i&  King  also,  the  sacred 
image  was  placed  upon  the  altar  of  the 
old  church,  vested  m  a  rich  mantle  of 
gold  stuff,  a  present  from  the  Duke 
of  Brunswick,  the  sleeves  alone  of 
which  were  valued  at  dghteen  thou- 
sand ducats.  The  abbot  and  sixty- 
two  monks,  in  rich  copes  of  gold 
brocade,  fifteen  hermits,  aad  forty- 
three  lay  brothers,  all  bearing  lighted 
tapers,  formed  in  procession.  The 
sdiolan  followed,  alid  a  large  oon* 
course  of  peoj^  from  all  parts  of 
Spain.    As  soon  as  the  image  reached 


•  FabHsu,  vol  v.  p.  999. 


580 


Our  Lady  of  MonUerrtU. 


[Juiie» 


the  new  church,  the  King,  bearing  a 
taper,  with  an  escucheon  of  his  arms, 
and  followed  by  his  nobles,  joined  the 
procession,  and  a  hjmn  in  honour  of 
the  Virgin  was  sung.  After  this  was 
over,  the  King  took  the  image  of  the 
Virgin  in  his  arms,  and  plaiced  it  on 
the  high  altar;  then,  taking  his  taper, 
he  fell  on  his  knees  before  it  in  ^rtLjer, 
which  lasted  several  minutes.  This 
ceremony  oyer,  it  was  then  remoyed 
to  the  niche  appropriated  for  it  by  the 
monks. 

Don  John  of  Austria,  the  hero  of  Le- 
panto,  was  a  benefactor  to  the  shrine, 
navin^  visited  it  as  a  pilgrim,  and  pre- 
sented a  lamp  of  silver  weighing  thirty 
marks.  He,  although  only  thirty-three 
years  of  age  at  his  death,  had  become  so 
much  in  love  with  the  hermit  life  as  to 
have  intended  to  end  his  days  amongst 
the  wild  and  lofty  peaks  of  Montserrat. 
After  his  death  a  sumptuous  monu- 
ment was  erected  to  his  memory  in  the 
monastic  church.  Of  other  notabilities 
who  paid  devotions  to  this  shrine  by 
benefactions,  were  Louis  XIV.  of 
France,  and  his  wife  Maria-Theresa. 
Amongthe  lone  list  are  also  the  names 
of  the  Duke  of  Alva,  notorious  for  his 
atrocities  in  the  Low  Countries,  and 
the  Duke  of  Medina  Celi,  who  was 
one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Spanish 
Armada. 

In  the  heaps  of  rich  offerings  which 
existed  there  during  the  last  century, 
was  a  sword  given  to  the  Emperor  of 
Austria  by  Anne  Queen  of  Ensland. 
It  was  presented  by  Prince  Chanes  of 
Austria,  "  who,  with  his  consort,  Chris- 
tiana of  Brunswick,  visited  Montserrat 
in  1706,  and  having  kissed  the  Virffin*s 
hand,  left  at  her  feet  his  gold-hilted 
sword,  set  with  seventy-nine  larse 
brilliants."  All  orders  of  the  church, 
popes,  cardinals,  bishops,  and  almost 
every  order  of  society,  were  represented 
amongst  the  benefactors  of  this  shrine, 
and  the  enumeration  of  its  incalculable 
riches  reads  like  a  leaf  from  a  fairy 
tale  or  the  Arabian  Nights  Entertain- 
ment. The  image  of  the  Virgin  had 
four  crowns,  two  of  solid  gold,  two 
plated  with  gold,  richly  set  with  dia- 
monds. One  of  them  had  two  thousand 
five  hundred  emeralds  in  it ;  but  the 
richest  contained  one  thousand  one 
hundred  and  twenty-four  diamonds, 
five  of  which  were  valued  at  five  hun- 
dred ducats  each ;  besides  IVi^tq  h «t^ 


eighteen  hundred  pearls  of  equal  sizey 
thirty-eiffht  large  emeralds,  twenty* 
one  sapphires,  ami  five  rubies.  At  the 
top  or  this  crown  was  a  ship  of  eold, 
adorned  with  diamonds,  Taiued  at 
eiffhteen  thousand  dollars.  The  weight 
ofthe  gold  alone  of  these  crowns  was 
twenty-five  pounds,  and  with  the 
jewels  upwards  of  fifty.  The  crowns 
ofthe  infant  Jesus  were  scarcely  less 
valuable ;  two  were  of  gold  and  one  of 
silver,  and  they  were  enriched  by  jewels 
of  the  greatest  value.  But  these  were 
but  a  small  part  of  the  riches  of  the 
treasury;  and  about  the  sanctuary 
were  eighty-five  lamps  of  silver.  In 
fact,  with  the  exception  of  Loretto, 
this  was  the  most  wealthy  ofthe  shrines 
of  the  Virgin. 

But  the  most  interesting  portion  of 
the  history  of  Montserrat  is  that  in 
connection  with  Isnatius  Loyola,  the 
great  founder  of  the  Jesuits.  Mont- 
serrat had  much  to  do  with  the  change 
which  converted  the  knight  of  chivalry 
— a  hero  of  romance,  into  a  hero  of  the 
"  Acta  Sanctorum.**  Bred  up  in  the 
spirit  of  a  knight-errant,  which,  how- 
ever, was  already  a  spirit  of  the  past, 
Ignatius  warmed  his  mind  in  the  nar- 
ratives of  Roland,  Amadis,  and  the 
romantic  heroes  of  Grothic  fable.  But 
he  could  aspire  to  be  enrolled  among 
such  a  list,  and  at  the  sieffe  of  Fampe- 
luna  in  1521,  he  behaved  as  worthily 
as  ever  did  the  fabled  heroes  of  the 
Round  Table.  That  town  was  beneged 
by  Francis  the  First,  and  was  de- 
fended by  Ignatius  for  the  Emperor : 
when  the  town  surrendered  he  with 
a  single  follower  retired  to  the  cita- 
del, which  contained  but  a  handful 
of  troops.  After  several  assaults, 
bravely  resisted,  a  breach  was  made, 
and  Ignatius,  obstinately  defending  it, 
was  struck  down  by  a  piece  of  stone, 
which  wounded  his  left  thigh,  and  at 
the  same  time  a  bullet  broke  his  right 
He  was  taken  prisoner;  but  his  captors, 
struck  by  his  magnanimous  defence, 
spared  the  little  garrison,  and  con- 
ducted him  before  the  general  of  the 
French  army;  who,  with  true  courtesy 
and  chivalnc  feeline,  sent  him  in  a 
litter  to  the  family  chateau  of  Loyola, 
which  was  not  rar  distant  from  the 
captured  town. 

His  wounds  were  painful;  and  the 
treatment  unskilful;  so  that  the  sufier- 
Va^^i  tVkft  i^tient  were  very  great, 


1854.] 


MemoriaU  of  Amelia  Opie. 


581 


and  his  convalescence  tedioiu.  The 
active  spirit  of  a  man  of  twenty-nine 
years  chafed  at  this  inert  life,  and  he 
sought  consolation  for  his  compelled 
ennui  in  books,  of  which,  however,  at 
this  period,  he  knew  but  little  more 
than  what  had  guided  his  early  as- 

Sirations — ^the  romances  of  chivalry, 
'hose  brought  to  him  now  were  the 
lives  of  heroes  of  another  sort*— the 
legends  of  the  saints.  The  effect  upon 
his  ardent  spirit  was  to  effect  a  change, 
which  nevertheless  was  still  tincturad 
with  romance,  and  he  took  the  resolu- 
tion to  dub  himself  "  Knight  of  the 
Holy  Virgin.*'  As  soon  as  his  wounds 
permitted,  he  mounted  his  horse  and 
paid  a  visit  of  ceremony  to  his  relative 
the  Duke  of  Najara.  Thence,  dis- 
missing his  attendants,  he  set  off  alone 
to  the  sacred  shrine  of  Montaerrat,  full 
of  his  new  project,  and  with  intent  to 
keep  the  **  watch  of  his  armour**  before 
the  sacred  image  itself;  to  oSer  up  his 
earthly  weapons,  and  receive  othm  of 
a  spiritu^  character,  more  fitted  for 
his  new  career. 

As  he  journeyed  by  the  way,  he  was 
encountered  by  a  Moorish  knight ; 
they  saluted  each  other,  and  proceeded 
together  on  the  same  route.  Mont- 
serrat  appeared  in  sight,  and  Ignatius 
havine  observed  that  he  was  thither 
bound  on  pilgrimage,  it  led  to  a  dis- 
cussion, and  finally  to  a  dispute.  Yows 
were  forgotten;  and  the  *'£jught  of 
the  Virgin**  had  his  sword  drawn,  pro- 
voking the  infidel  to  mortal  combat. 
The  latter,  however,  was  not  anxious 
to  encounter  so  forward  a  champion, 
and  chose  rather  to  trust  to  his  fleet 
courser.  He  was  hotly  pursued,  until 
Ignatius  arrested  himself  at  the  meet- 
ing of  two  roads,  one  ef  which  led  to 
A^ntserrat,  the  other  from  it.    His 


vow  now  came  up  before  him,  and 
brought  on  a  revulsion  of  feeling;  he 
no  longer  pursued  the  Moor,  but  has- 
tened onwards  to  Montaerrat.  Here^ 
having  made  confession,  he,  according 
to  the  custom  of  ohivahry,  passed  one 
night  in  watching  his  arms  before  the 
altar  of  the  Vira in,  constanUy  in  prayer, 
and  devoting  liimself  as  a  knight  to 
Jesus  and  his  mother  Mary.  In  the 
morning  he  hung  his  sword  to  a  pillar 
near  the  altar,  as  a  sign  of  renuncia- 
tion of  earthly  warfare;  ffave  his  horse 
to  the  monastery,  and  his  clothes  to 
the  poor,  and  habited  in  a  humble 
vestment  of  linen  left  Montserrat  on 
his  new  mission. 

As  yet  nothing  has  been  said  of  the 
image  itself;  it  appears  to  be,  how- 
ever, a  seated  figure,  holding  the  child 
Jesus  on  the  lap  in  firont.  Without 
very  careful  and  accurate  drawings  it 
would  be  impossible  to  say  much  with 
certainty  about  its  age,  but  those  who 
have  seen  it  describe  the  features  es 
r^;nlar  and  handsome,  which  militates 
against  an  antiquity  earlier  than  the 
thirteenth  century,  and  perhaps  a  rigid 
inquiry  would  teioid  to  fix  it  near  to 
the  same  period  which  brought  that  of 
Loretto  to  Italy.  It  is  extremely  im- 
probable that  anv  earlier  date  can  be 
ascribed  to  it,  still  less  that  the  ninth 
century  was  capable  of  prodnctng  a 
fignre  bearing;  tnjr  indicatfen  of  femiOe 
beauty.  Its  height  iq)pears  to  be 
that  generally  obMrved  in  miraculoiu 
images  of  the  Virgin.  Its  colour  is 
black,  or  in  the  Spanish  tongue  "  Mo* 
reno,"  or  Moorish;  and  it  maj  here 
be  worthy  of  remark  that  some  images 
of  the  Virgin  are  styled  ""The  Moonsh 
Queen  of  Heaven.***' 

J.  G.  Wallbb. 


MEMORULS  OF  AMELIA  OPIE. 

Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie.    Compiled  firom  her  Diaries,  Letters,  and  Joumils.    By 
Lucy  Brightwell ;  edited  by  Thomas  Bri|htiftdl.    Longman. 


THIS  seems  to  be  a  very  simple, 
unprofessional  piece  of^  biogra|Miy; 
brought  out  with  an  affectionate  desire 
to  fulfil  the  duties  of  a  loving  friend 
and  neighbour,  and  growing,  we  be- 
lieve, even  unexpectedly,  firom  the 
business  of  executorship.    We  cannot 


pretend  to  say  it  is  off  that  those  who 
xnew  the  good  and  most  agreeable 
woman  whose  memorials  are  here  col- 
lected could  desire.  SuAdent  time  has 
not  been  aUowed  for  selection  f^eook 
many  probably  existinff  letters,  and  a 
great  advantage  would  have  acemed  to 


582 


Memoriah  ofAmeUa  Opte, 


[Jone^ 


the  volume  had  the  separate  impressioni 
of  some  two  or  three  able  judges,  who 
knew  Mrs.  Opie  at  different  periods  of 
her  career,  been  asked  for  and  ob- 
tained. Those  who  remember  the  com- 
munications of  Mr.  Basil  Montagu 
and  the  Rev.  Srdnej  Smith  to  the  Me- 
moirs of  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  will 
know  what  we  mean.  There  must  surelj 
have  been  some,  though  perhaps  but 
few,  amone  these  friends  who  were  at 
liberty  and  leisure  to  give  the  remi- 
niscences we  desire.  The  simplicitj 
and  freshness  of  Miss  Brightwelrs  own 
loving  testimonj  to  the  influence  of 
her  aged  friend  upon  all  around  her, 
is,  meanwhile,  both  affecting  and  en- 
gaging ;  and  there  is  considerable  fit- 
ness in  this  preparation  of  the  memo- 
rials of  so  persevering  a  resident  in  the 
city  of  her  birth,  by  a  townswoman. 
Few  people  have  felt  local  attachments 
more  strongly  than  Mrs.  Opie.  It  was 
a  part  of  her  religion  to  cleave  to  the 
Bcenes  of  her  early  youth,  to  her  fa- 
therms  grave,  to  the  meeting-house 
where  she  worshipped,  and  to  the 
private  homes,  within  and  without  the 
city,  where  her  best  feelings  had  been 
exercised.  She  had  had  a  home  in 
London,  and  always  entered  the  great 
metropnolis  with  pleasure;  but  it  did 
not  satisfy  her  fully.  There  is  some- 
thing very  winning  and  very  respecta- 
ble m  these  provincial  attachments. 
We  feel  as  we  read  that  hers  was  no 
mere  dream  of  society,  but  a  practical, 
social  life,  to  which  few  can  perfectly 
attain  amid  the  scattering  and  diverse 
claims  of  an  enormous  capital. 

In  a  short  preface,  Mr.  Brightwell 
thus  gives  the  history  of  the  compila- 
tion. 

Ab  the  executor  of  Mrs.  Opie,  her  papers 
and  letters  came  into  my  hands ;  and  it 
devolved  on  me  to  decide  in  what  way  to 
dispose  of  them.  There  had  been,  I  be- 
lieve, a  general  impression  among  her 
friends  that  she  would  herself  prepare  an 
account  of  her  life ;  but,  although  she 
■eems  to  have  made  some  efforts  at  com- 
mencing  the  task,  and  the  subject  was 
often  affectionately  recommended,  and 
even  urged  upon  her,  she  has  lefc  it  a 
natter  of  regret  to  her  friends  (and  espe- 
eially  so  to  the  compilers  of  these  memoirs) 
that  no  "  autobiography  **  was  found 
among  her  papers.  Nor  did  Mrs.  Opie 
ever  distinctly  give  any  directions  as  to 
the  publication  of  her  M8S.,  or  any  me- 
moir of  her  life  I  bvt  we  haiie,  w«  Udik, 


strong  pnaumptive  evidence  tiMt  she  an- 
ticipated, if  not  deshned,  tliat  it  iftKMld  be 
done. 

Not  bag  before  she  died,  slie  said  that 
her  executor  would  have  no  light  task 
with  her  papers ;  and  a  few  days  befoie 
she  breathed  her  last,  when  she  conld  no 
longer  hold  a  pen,  she  called  her  attend- 
ant to  her,  and  dictated  a  most  toaehing 
and  affectionate  farewell  address  to  me  and 
my  daughter,  directing  the  delivery  of 
Tarious  small  articles  as  remembranoes  to 
a  few  most  intimate  friends,  and  request* 
ing  us  to  complete  what  she  liad  left  un- 
done ;  adding,  that  she  had  oonfidenoe  in 
our  judgment,  and  believed  that  we  should 
'*  do  evervthing  for  the  best" 

It  has  been  with  an  earnest  deaire  to 
justify  this  trust,  and  to  perfect,  as  far  as 
in  our  power,  that  which  she  had  in  fact 
commenced,  but  left  incomplete,  that  these 
pages  have  been  put  to  tlie  press. 

It  will  be  seen,  in  the  course  of  Aese 
memoirs,  that  the  materials  firom  whieh 
they  are  compiled  are  principally  papers, 
letters,  and  diaries,  of  Mrs.  Opie's  own 
writing ;  a  few  letters  preserved  by  her, 
and  judged  to  be  of  geoeral  interest,  and 
bearing  upon  her  history,  we  have  thought 
it  well  to  give.  It  would  have  been  no 
difficult  task  to  have  greatly  extended 
these  memoirs,  had  it  been  deemed  ex- 
pedient to  make  a  free  use  of  the  letters 
received  by  her,  and  of  which  a  very  laige 
number  were  found  among  her  papers ; 
but  we  have  not  felt  ourselves  at  Uberty 
to  adopt  such  a  course,  aiul  we  trust  there 
will  be  found  in  this  volume  fisw  (may  we 
say  we  hope  no)  violations  of  private  and 
Gonfidential  communications. 

Upon  the  last  paragraph  we  wovld 
venture  to  remark,  that  no  doubt  Mr. 
Brightwell  is  quite  right  in  not  unnf 
letters,  unpermitted;  but  that  his 
scruple  need  surely  not  have  applied 
to  the  use  of  any  addressed  by  Mra. 
Opie  herself  to  her  friends,  if  they 
gave  their  consent. 

We  will  not  dwell  on  the  earliest 
pages  of  the  work,  excepting  to  state 
that  Mrs.  Opie's  father,  Dr.  James 
Aldersou,  was  one  of  six  children,  of 
whom  one  brother  was  a  physician 
at  Hull,  another,  Robert,  a  barriatert 
and  another,  Thomas,  a  merchant  at 
Newcastle.  Of  the  sisters,  one  was 
married  to  Mr.  Woodhouse ;  another, 
tenderly  cherished  and  nursed  in  ex* 
treme  old  age  by  Mrs.  Opie,  died  sinclei 
at  Norwich,  in  the  year  1848.  By  ner 
mother*s  side,  Mrs.  Opie  was  deaecoided 
from  a  long  line  of  ancestors,  traoeaUe 
^tAthft  rei^  of  Edward  tk^  flnt, 


1854.] 


Memoriah  of  Amelia  Opies 


583 


and  earlier,  residing  for  centuries  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Holt,  Norfolk. 
Amelia  Briggs,  however,  the  mother 
of  Mrs.  Opie,  was  born  in  India,  where 
her  father  was  a  writer  in  the  Com- 
pany's service ;  both  he  and  his  wife 
died  young,  leaving  the  one  orphan 
girl  to  be  Drought  over  bj  a  faithful 
Hindoo  nurse  to  England,  there  to  be 
cherished  and  reared  by  her  father's 
family,  and  Enally  to  become  the  wife 
of  Dr.  James  Alderson,  and  the  mother 
of  Amelia  Opie.  She  lived  till  Mrs. 
Opie  was  just  fifteen — 

Then,  after  years  of  patient  pain, 
That  tender  wife  and  mother  died, 

were  her  daughter's  after -written 
words  respecting^  her.  The  traces  of 
her  influence  over  Amelia  are  not  in- 
significant. There  are  a  few  pages  of 
autobiography  too  long  to  be  extracted, 
and  not  to  be  abridged  without  injury, 
which  convey  the  idea  of  her  mother's 
tenderness  and  firmness.  In  them,  Mrs. 
Opie  has  jotted  down  some  of  her  early 
recollections,  indicative  of  the  begin- 
nings of  a  character — imaginative,  sen- 
timental, and  impulsive — also  very 
tender  and  benevolent.  The  terrors 
of  her  childhood  were  great,  but  five 
predominated — black  beetles,  frogs,  a 
skeleton,  a  black  man,  and  madmen  in 
general,  seem  to  have  haunted  her.  In 
due  time,  and  by  her  mother's  assidu- 
ous attention,  all  these  great  terrors 
were  mastered,  and  even  converted, 
in  one  case,  into  objects  of  especial  in- 
terest and  afiection ;  insomuch  that  the 
little  girl  made  frequent  visits  to  Bed- 
lam— not  of  course  to  its  interior,  but 
to  the  outward  walls;  to  fling  half- 
pence and  nosegays  to  her  friends 
among  the  poor  lunatics,  and  her  allow- 
ance of  pocket-money  was  in  constant 
demand  for  this  class  of  sufferers. 
Wisely  enough,  the  parents  checked 
the  exuberance  of  her  charitv,  find- 
ing the  excitement  to  be  injurious; 
"  for,"  says  Mrs.  Opie,  "  it  was  evident 
that  I  was  proud  of  their  acquaintance 
and  of  my  own  attachment  to  them,** 
and  "  I  was  continually  talking  of  what 
I  Lad  said  to  the  maa  folks  and  they 
to  uie."  Prohibition  was  followed  up 
by  salutary  diversion  of  the  thoughts, 
in  the  shape  of  dancing-school  and 
French  lessons ;  and  yet  the  image  of 
one  sad  face  seen  in  Norwich  Bedlam 
haunted  her  for  many  a  year,  and  was 


present  with  her  when  she  wrote  her 
«'  Father  and  Daughter.'* 

The  mother,  who  seems  both  to  have 
understood  the  child  and  to  have  had 
right  and  healthful  ideas  of  education, 
must  have  been  a  loss  indeed  to  such 
a  girl  I  Surely,  had  there  been  the 
guardianship  of  a  mature  and  sensible 
woman,  those  early  and  somewhat  in- 
decorous visits  to  the  rdsi  prim  courts 
would  hardly  have  been  permitted.  It 
is  true  she  went  at  first  accompanied 
by  a  female ;  but  the  second  time  the 
enterprise  was  alone,  and  bold  enou^, 
it  must  be  confessed.  The  judge.  Sir 
Henry  Gould,  seeing  her  eagerness, 
ordered  one  of  the  servants  of  the 
court  to  **make  way  for  that  young 
lady,"  and,  having  thus  taken  her  place 
on  the  bench,  it  became  her  almost 
constant  practice  to  attend  the  courts, 
except  when  the  trials  were  likely  to  in- 
volve the  punishment  of  death.  Other- 
wise, through  her  life,  she  scarcely 
ever  missed  attendance  during  Nor- 
wich assizes,  and  has  left  her  thoughts 
on  the  subject  in  an  unfinished  paper, 
entitled  **  Reminiscences  of  Judges* 
Courts,"  written  in  1844.  The  assize 
week,  she  says,  '*  has  always  possessed 
for  mo  an  attraction  of  an  intellectual 
kind,  which  I  still  feel  irresistible— a 
love  for  which  has  *  grown  with  my 
growth  and  strengthened  with  my 
strength.'"  In  the  year  1838,  when 
she  was  in  her  sixty  *  eighth  year,  she 
speaks  of  being  in  court  eleven  hours 
one  day,  and  from  nine  o'clock  to  seven 
on  the  next.  And,  some  years  later, 
inviting  a  firiend  to  accompany  her, 
and  urging  attendance  at  nine  o  clock, 
she  says, — 

I  fear  then  art  a  lazybones ;  but,  !&• 
deed,  by  ten  o'clock,  I  have  often  seen 
the  best  places  filled.  Often  (how  often  1) 
both  as  a  yoang  and  old  woman  have  I 
been  ia  that  court  by  half-past  seven  in  the 
morning — was  this  time  last  year. — ^A.  0« 

This  in  1848 !  but  we  must  return 
far,  far  back.  There  are  no  traces  in 
this  volume  of  any  ffovemess  or  female 
companion  in  her  lather's  house.  At 
fifleen  she  must  have  been  placed  in  a 
conspicuous  position,  and  was  both 
mistress  of  tne  household  at  home, 
and  mingling  in  gay  society  abroad. 
Just  at  Uiat  peric^,  indeed,  Norwich 
was,  as  Miss  Brightwell  says,  nearly  at 
its  best  as  to  worldly  prosperity.  The 
fVcnch  Rerolation  had  not  disturbed 


584 


Memoriali  of  Amelia  Opie* 


CJ 


commercial  relations,  and  many  of  the 
inhabitants  were  gay,  wealthy,  and 
luxurious. 

One  firm  and  most  useful  female 
friendship  Amelia  had  formed  in  Nor- 
wich, that  of  the  late  Mrs.  John  Tay- 
lor— the  woman  of  "  high  thoughts  and 
Senile  deeds  "  spoken  of  by  Mr.  Basil 
iontagu,  in  the  Memoirs  of  Mackin- 
tosh. To  Mrs.  Opie's  credit  be  it  said, 
that  she  clung  through  every  variety 
of  fortune,  or  at  least  every  species  of 
influence,  more  or  less  favourable  to 
character,  with  constancy,  to  this  friend 
of  her  youth.  Most  happily,  many  of 
her  own  letters  to  Mrs.  Taylor  have 
been  preserved,  and  are  among  the 
most  valuable  portions  of  the  book. 

A  memorable  page  of  her  life  was 
soon  to  be  opened.  Writing  about  it 
not  very  long  before  her  decease,  she 
says : — 

The  occurrences  of  the  year  1794  have 
lately  been  pressing  with  such  power  on 
my  remembranoe,  demanding  from  me  a 
decided  confession  that  it  was  the  most 
interesting  period  of  my  long  life,  (or 
nearly  such,;  that  I  am  inclined  to  give  an 
account  of  what  made  it  so,  and  acknow- 
ledge that  it  was  the  opportunity  unex- 
pectedly afforded  me  of  attending  the 
trials  of  Hardy,  Home  Tooke,  and  Thel- 
wall,  at  the  Old  Bailey,  for  High  Treason. 
What  a  prospect  of  entertainment  was 
opening  before  me  when  (while  on  a  visit 
at  Sonthgate,  near  London,)  I  heard  that 
at  these  approaching  trials,  to  which  I 
hoped  to  obtain  admission,  I  should  not 
only  hear  the  first  pleaders  at  the  bar,  but 
behold,  and  probably  hear  examined,  the 
first  magnates  of  the  land  ;  and  on  the 
event  depended,  not  a  nitipriua  cause,  or 
one  of  petty  larceny,  but  interests  of  a 
public  nature,  and  most  nearly  affecting 
the  safety  and  prosperity  of  the  nation; 
aye,  and  much  personally  interesting  to 
myself ;  as  I  knew,  in  the  secret  of  my 
heart,  that  my  own  prospects  for  life 
might  probably  be  changed  and  darkened 
by  the  result.  To  such  a  height  had 
party-spirit  reached  on  both  sides,  in  my 
native  city  and  elsewhere,  that  even  inno* 
cent  men  were  accused  of  treasonable  in- 
tentions and  practices,  who  talked,  when 
excited  by  contradiction,  the  fearful  things 
they  would  never  have  thought  of  acting  ; 
and  I  had  reason  to  believe  that  if  the 
*'  fuloDs*'  about  to  be  tried  should  not  be 
"acquitted  felons,"  certain  friends  of 
mine  would  have  emigrated  to  America, 
and  my  beloved  father  would  have  been 
induced  to  accompany  them  I 

This  waS|  indeed,  an  alarmiofl;  idea  to 


me,  who  was  only  beginning  to  taite  tiM 
pleasures  of  London  society^  and  who 
could  still  say,  in  spite  of  the  ezdtement 
of  partv  feeling,  and  my  unity  of  opinion 
with  the  Liberals  of  that  day,  '*  England  I 
with  all  thy  fanlU  I  love  thee  still ;"  and 
when,  on  the  28tfa\>f  the  10th  mo.,  the  trial 
of  Thomas  Hardy  began  at  the  Sessions 
House  in  the  Old  Bailey,  existence  acquired, 
in  my  eyes,  a  new,  but  painful  interest ; 
and  with  the  pleasing  anticipatioos  of  the 
unexpected  enjoyment  awaiting  me  were 
mingled  some  apparently  well-fonnded 
fears  of  evil  to  come.  How  vividly  do  I 
often  now,  in  my  lone  and  lonely  portioa, 
live  over  the  excitements  of  those  far  dis- 
tant days  in  the  many,  many  evening 
hours,  which  I  pass  not  unwillingly  alone. 

Alone !  if  'tis  to  be  alone,  when  nMrn'ry's  ^eDs 

are  cast 
To  summon  phantoms  firom  the  dead,  and  voices 

from  the  past. 
Long  woven  in  the  tangled  web  of  the  mysterioos 

brain, 
Till  time  and  space  are  things  <A  nought,  and  all  is 

ours  again. 

Yes  i  how  often  (as  I  said)  do  I  recal 
with  all  these  alternate  emotions  of  pain 
and  pleasure,  of  disappointment  and  nrui* 
tion,  the  last  days  of  October,  and  the  first 
five  days  of  November,  1794  !  .  •  • 

From  London  she  wrote,  about  tills 
period,  thus  to  Mrs.  Taylor. 

My  father  will  have  told  you  a  great  deal: 
he  will  have  told  yon  too  how  mnch  we 
ore  interested  and  agitated  by  the  probable 
event  of  the  approaching  trials.  Would 
to  God  you  and  your  husband  were  equally 
so,  for  then  would  one  of  my  cares  be  re* 
moved  *,  as  you  would,  like  us,  perhaps 
turn  a  longing  eye  towards  America  as  a 
place  of  refuge ;  and  one  of  the  strongest 
ties  that  binds  me  to  Norwich  would  be 
converted  into  an  attraction  to  lure  me  to 
the  new  world.  On  this  at  least,  I  hope, 
we  are  at  all  events  resolved  ;  to  emigrate 
if  the  event  of  the  trial  be  fatal ;  that  is, 
provided  the  Morgans  do  not  give  up  their 
present  resolution,  and  that  we  can  carry 
a  little  society  along  vrith  us,  in  which  we 
can  be  happy,  should  Philadelphia  disap- 
point our  expectations.  I  write  to  you  on 
this  subject  in  confidence ;  as  we  do  not 
wish  our  intention  to  be  much  knOwn  at 
present  How  changed  I  am  I  How  I 
sicken  at  the  recollection  of  past  follies 
and  past  connections,  and  wish  from  the 
bottom  of  my  soul  that  I  had  never  as- 
sociated but  with  you  and  others  like  yon. 
But  it  is  folly  to  dwell  on  the  past ;  it  only 
incapacitates  one  for  enjoying  the  present; 
it  shall  now  be  my  care  to  anchor  on  the 
future,  and  I  trust  in  God  that  it  will  not 
disappoint  me. 


1854.] 


Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie. 


585 


In  1797,  the  crisis  of  her  own  fate 
was  approaching ;  Mr.  Opie  had  seen 
her,  and  almost  immediately  became 
her  lover. 

The  first  time  Mr.  Opie  saw  his  fature 
wife,  was  at  an  evening  party,  at  the  house 
of  one  of  her   early  friends  ;  among  the 
guests  assembled,  were   Mr.  Opie,  and  a 
family  personally  known  to  the  writer  of 
these   Memoirs.     Some  of  those  present 
were  rather  eagerly  expecting  the  arrival 
of  Miss   Alderson;  but  the  evening  was 
wearing  away,    and  still  she  did  not  ap- 
pear.   At  length  the  door  was  flung  open, 
and  she  entered,  bright  and  smiling,dre8sed 
in  a  robe  of  blue,  her  neck  and  arms  bare; 
and  on  her  head  a  small  bonnet,  placed  in 
somewhat  coquettish  style,  sideways,  and 
surmounted  by   a  plume   of  three  white 
feathers.     Her  beautiful  hair  hang  in  rich 
waving:   tresses   over   her  shoulders;  her 
face  was  kindling  with  pleasure  at  sight  of 
her  old   friends ;  and  her   whole  appear- 
ance was  animated  and  glowing.     At  the 
time  she  came  in,  Opie  was  sitting  on  a 
sofa,  bciiide  Mr.  F.,  who  had  been  saying, 
from  time  to  time,  "Amelia  is  coming; 
Amelia  will  surely  come.     Why  is  she  not 
here  ?"  and  whose  eyes  were  turned  in  her 
direction.   He  was  interrupted  by  his  com- 
panion eagerly  exclaiming,  "  Who  is  that  ? 
Who   is   that  ?"    and    hastily   rising,   he 
pressed  forward,  to  be  introduced   to  the 
fair  object  whose  sudden  appearance  had 
so   impressed     him.      He   was   evidently 
smitten  ;  charmed,  at  first  sight,  and,  as 
she  says,  "  almost  from  my  first  arrival 
Mr.  Opie  became  my  avowed  lover." 

She  told  him  that  **  his  chances  of 
success  were  as  one  in  a  thousand;** 
and,  as  wc  arc  left  to  infer,  she  was 
herself  far  from  heart-whole.  **  I  was 
inireniious  with  him  on  principle,  and 
I  told  him  my  situation,  and  the  state 
of  my  heart.  He  said  he  should  still 
persist,  and  would  risk  all  consequences 
to  his  own  peace;  and  so  he  did  and 
does,  ami  I  have  not  resolution  to  forbid 
his  visits."  So  the  matter  went  on, 
something  like  a  fate,  till  the  lover*8 
intense  eajrerness  prevailed.  She  re- 
turned to  N'orwich,  but  was  married  in 
London,  her  father  accompany! n*;,  on 
the  following:  May  8th,  1798.  There 
is  a  frairuient  of  the  last  letter  from 
Opie  before  the  marriage,  preserved 
(how  memorable !)  through  the  whole 
remaininnr  forty-five  years  of  life.  It 
thus  concludes : — 

To  love  thee  much  better  than  I  did,  is, 
I  think,  impossible;  but  my  heart  springs 
forward  at  the  thought  of  thy  near  ap- 

Gent.  Mag.  Vot..  XLI. 


proacb.  God  bless  thee  ever,  my  dearest 
love,  and  guard  thee  up  to  thy  fond, 
anxious,  devoted,  J.  O. 

The  correspondence  with  Mrs.  Tay- 
lor continues  during  the  period  of  her 
married  life.  Writing  in  Jan.  1800, 
she  says — 

I  have  led  a  most  happy  and  delightful 
life  since  my  return,  and  in  the  whole  two 
months  have  not  been  out  more  than  four 
times  ;  so  spouse  and  I  had  no  squabbles 
about  visiting,  and  that  is  the  only  thing 
we  ever  quarrel  about.  If  I  would  stay  at 
home  for  ever,  I  believe  he  would  be 
merry  from  morning  to  night ;  and  be  a 
lover  more  than  a  husband !  He  had  a 
mind  to  accompany  me  to  an  assembly  in 
Nottingham  Place,  but  Mrs.  Sharpe  (a 
most  amiable  woman)  frightened  him  by 
declaring  he  should  dance  with  her,  if 
he  did. 

What    the    friendships    of    dissipated 
women  are,  Mrs.  R.  H.'s  going  to  a  ball, 
while  poor  H.  T.  was  dying,  sufficiently 
proves.      I   remember    with    satisfaction 
that  I  saw  her,  and  shook  hands  with  her, 
at  the  November  ball.     Indeed  she  had  a 
heart ;  and  I  can't  help  recollecting  that 
when  I  had  the  scarlet  fever  she  called  on 
me  every  day,  regardless  of  danger,  and 
sat  at  the  foot  of  my  bed.     Besides,  she 
was  the  friend  of  twenty  years,  and  com- 
panion of  my  childhood,  and  I  feel,  the 
older  I  grow,  the  more  tenderly  I  cling  to 
the  scenes,  and  recollections,  and  compa- 
nions of  my  early  hours.     When  I  now 
look  at  Mr.  Bruckner's  black  cap,  my 
memory  gets  astride  on  the  tassel  of  it, 
and  off  she  gallops  at  a  very  pleasant  rate  ; 
wooden  desks,  green  bags,  blotted  books, 
inked  hands,  faces,  and  gowns,   rise  in 
array  before  me.     I  see   Mrs.    Beecroft 
(Miss  Dixon  I  should  say)  with  her  plump 
good-humoured   face,    laughing    till    she 
loses  her  eyes,  and  shakes  the  whole  form; 
but,  I  must  own,  the  most  welcome  objects 
that  the  hoofs  of  memory's  hobby-horse 
kick  up,  are  the  great  B.'s,  or  bons,  on 
my  exercises  !     I  do  not  choose  to  remem- 
ber how  often  I  was  marked  for  be^ng 
idle.  ...     So  you  have  had  riots.     I  am 
glad  they  are  over.     Mrs.  Adair  called  on 
me  this  morning,  and  she  tells  me  that 
Charles  Harvey  was  terribly  alarmed  after 
he  had  committed  Col.  Montgomery.     A 
fine  idea  this  gives  one  of  the  state  of  a 
town,  where  a  man  is  alarmed  at  having 
done  his  duty  ! 

I  am  very  much  afraid  my  spouse  will 
not  live  long ;  he  has  got  a  fit  of  tidi- 
ness on  him ;  and  yesterday  evening  and 
this  evening,  he  has  employed  himself  in 
putting  his  painting- room  to  rights.  This 
confinns  what  I  said  to  him  the  other  day; 

4F 


686 


Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie 


[Jane, 


that  almost  every  man  was  bean  and 
sloven,  at  some  time  of  his  life.  Charles 
Fox  ODce  wore  pink  heels  ;  now  he  has  an 
unpowdered  crop.  And  I  expect  that,  as 
my  husband  has  been  a  sloven  hitherto, 
be  will  be  a  beau  in  future  ;  for  he  is  so 
pleased  with  his  handyworks,  and  capers 
about,  and  says,  **  Look  there  !  how  neat ! 
and  how  prettily  I  have  disposed  the 
things!  Did  you  ever  see  the  like?*' 
Certainly  I  never  did  where  he  was  before. 
Oh  !  he  will  certainly  be  a  beau  in  time. 
Past  ten  o'clock  !  I  must  now  say  fare- 
well ;  but  let  me  own  that  I  missed  you 
terribly  when  I  was  ill.  I  have  no  female 
friend  and  neighbour ;  and  men  are  not 
the  thing  on  such  occasions.  Besides, 
you  on  all  occasions  would  be  the  female 
neighbour  I  should  choose.  Love  to  your 
spouse.     Write  soon,  and  God  bless  you. 

The  "  only  subject  of  quarrel  '* — the 
love  of  company — here  adverted  to, 
was  not,  however,  quite  alone.  His 
wife  loved  to  revisit  her  native  place 
and  her  father,  and  sometimes  Opie^s 
patience  was  exhausted. 

My  dearest  life  (he  writes),  I  cannot  be 
sorry  that  you  do  not  stay  longer,  though, 
as  I  said,  on  your  father's  account,  I 
would  consent  to  it.  Pray,  love,  forgive 
me,  and  make  yourself  easy,  for  I  did  not 
suspect,  till  my  last  letter  was  gone,  that 
it  might  be  too  strong ;  I  had  been  count- 
ing almost  the  hours  till  your  arrival  for 
some  time,  and  have  been  unwell  and  un- 
able to  sleep  these  last  three  weeks,  so 
that  I  could  not  make  up  my  mind  to  the 
disappointment.     \a  to  coming  down  again 

I  cannot  think  of  it Pray,  love,  be 

easy,  and  as  I  suppose  you  will  not  stay, 
come  up  as  soon  as  possible,  for  I  long  to 
see  you  as  much  as  ever  I  did  in  my  life. 

In  1801,  her  career  of  acknowledged 
authorship  begun.  She  had,  before 
marriage,  published  a  novel  anony- 
mously, "The  Dangers  of  Coquetry," — 
not  without  merit,  but  not  exciting 
any  general  interest ;  but  "The  Father 
and  Daughter  "  was  a  decided  success. 
Then  followed  Poems,  reviewed  in  the 
first  volume  of  the  Edinburgh  Review, 
in  a  timid  tone,  not  calculated  to  fix 
upon  the  mind  of  the  authoress  such 
an  impression  of  the  judgment  of  her 
critic  as  might  greatly  miluence  her 
future  writings.  In  her  there  was  in- 
deed what  has  been  called  "a  fatal 
facility  of  doing  things  pretty  well," 
which  kept  her  pen  going  at  an  easy 
rate  —  sometimes    above    mediocrity, 


sometimes  below  it ;  and  yet  the  works 
she  produced  had  a  purpose,  and  acted 
to  a  considerable  extent  beneficially 
on  the  society  for  which  they  were 
written.  "Tenderness  is  your  forte, 
and  carelessness  is  your  fault,**  were 
the  concluding  words  of  a  note  from 
the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  when  return- 
ing her  some  MS.  tales,  sent  for  his 
inspection.  With  submission,  no  one 
knew  better  than  the  reverend  critic 
that "  carelessness  "  was  not  the  root  of 
the  evil.  The  illogical  character  of  the 
mind,  and  the  meagre  help  it  had  re- 
ceived from  disciplme  ana  education, 
made  it  a  hopeless  thing  to  exact  from 
Mrs.  Opie  correctness  merely  as  the 
result  of  a  little  more  care.  She  was, 
as  Mrs.  Inchbald  said,  "far  cleverer 
than  her  books."  Her  conversation 
was  often  charming,  and  she  giuned 
largely  in  ideas  by  the  improved  sort 
of  society  to  which  her  husband*8  pro- 
fession introduced  her.  He  too  bene- 
fited, at  least  equally,  by  the  connection 
with  such  a  woman.  They  went  to  Paris 
together  in  1802 ;  and,  not  to  speak  of 
the  immense  interest  which  so  aveW  a 
mind  as  hers  would  derive  from  the  first 
sight  of  a  foreign  land,  there  were  her 
lie  volution  ideas  to  be  verified  on  the 
spot,  and  names  dear  to  memory  to  be 
presented  to  her,  clothed  in  living  fiesh 
and  blood.  Kosciusko  was  there,  and 
there  were  plenty  of  at  least  soi-disarU 
patriots  who  liked  to  hear  her  sing 
"Fall,  tyrants,  fall!"  on  the  Boule- 
vards, while  the  great  tyranny  was 
all  the  while  fast  preparing.  She 
saw  the  First  Consul ;  also,  far  better 
lot !  she  saw  and  was  now  introduced 
to  Charles  James  Fox,  whose  picture 
her  husband  soon  afterwards  pamted.* 
Two  short  years,  and  the  artist  was 
no  more.  What  brilliant  years  they 
were!  Sitters  crowded  upon  him; 
and  his  lectures,  which  occupied  him 
in  composition  and  delivery  from  Sept 
1806  till  March  1807,  were  deservedly 
admired.  They  cost  him  his  life,  how- 
ever. He  fell  ill  immediately  afler 
the  delivery  of  the  last;  never  re- 
covered, but  sunk  to  rest  on  the  9th  of 
April  following. 

All  this  part  of  Miss  BrightwelFs 
volume,  and  that  which  follows,  up 
nearly  to  the  periwl  of  Dr.  Alderson*s 
decease,  though  not  deficient  in  ma- 


♦  T\\\«  \k\cturc  is  now  at  Holkham. 


1854.] 


Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie. 


587 


terials,  makes  us  feel  the  want  of  those 
touches  which  could  only  have  been 
communicated  by  one  living  in  most 
respects  the  same  sort  of  life  with  Mrs. 
Opie.  Though  she  returned  to  Norwich 
and  her  father's  house  as  her  home,  she 
went  every  year  to  London,  and  entered 
largely  into  society.  She  wrote  con- 
stantly to  Dr.  Alderson  in  absence.  She 
mentions  dinners  in  which  Lord  Dudley 
and  Lord  King,  the  ever -welcome 
Sidney  Smith,  Lady  Crewe,  the  Mac- 
kmtoshcs,  Komillys,  and  Lord  Erskine, 
were  guests.  We  can  make  room  only 
for  one  letter,  dated  June  24th,  1814. 

My  dear  Father, —    .....   Thus  far 
I  had  gotten  yesterday  at  half-past  fear 
o'clock,  when  Lord  Tamworth,  and  Mrs. 
L.  M.  after  liim,  came  in  and  interrupted 
me,  and  I  was  forced  to   turn  the  latter 
out  that  I  might  dress  to  go   to   Mac- 
kintosh's to  dinner  at  six  o'clock;  bat  I 
consoled  myself  by  the  certainty  of  getting 
a  frank.     I  will  now  go  on  to  that  of  which 
my  mind  is  most  full,  namely,  my  yester- 
day's dinner,  which  it  was  almost  worth 
coming  up  to  town  on  purpose  to  be  at. 
I  got  to  M/s  at  six,  the  hour  appointed  ; 
found  no  fire,  alas !  and  no  one  to  re- 
ceive me;  happily,  soon  after  arrived  Mr. 
Whishaw,   horror-struck  at  no  fire,  and 
saying  in  all  civilised  houses  there  must  be 
one  in  such  weather ;  but  he  warmed  him- 
self and  me  by  inveighing  against  poor 
Lord   Cochrane's  pillory,   which   all  the 
lawyers,  and  all  London,  I  hope,  disap- 
prove.  How  unwise  too  !  for  it  leads  us  to 
forget  his  fault  in  his  punishment — but 
tliis   is   by  the   bye.     Next  arrived  Dr. 
Brown,  whom  I  presented  to  Whishaw. 
Then  came  Lady  M.,  and  then  Sir  James, 
and    1   found   three   different    hours   for 
dining  had  been  named  to  the  different 
guests ;    and  Mr.  W.  and  I  anticipated 
hunger  being  added  to  cold.     Next  came 
Playfair,  then  Richard  Payne  Knight,  then 
John  William  Ward,  just  come  from  Paris, 
and  lastly,  at  about  half- past  seven,  the 
great   traveller  and   so  forth — Baron   de 
Humboldt;  he  was  not  presented  to  me, 
therefore  I  could  not  ask  whether  he  or 
his  brother  brought  my  letter  from  Helen 
Williams — and  to  dinner  we  went,  Ward 
handing  me;  so  I  sat  by  him,   and   on 
my  other  hand  was  Mr.  Knight.     I  cer- 
tainly never  saw  so  many  first-rate  men 
together  ;  but  again  it  would  have  been 
Venibarras  de  richetttes  with  me,  had  not 
each  person  been  a  whetting-stonc  to  the 
wit  and  information  of  the  other. 

Politics,  science,  literature,  Greek,  mo- 
rals, church  government,  infidelity,  sects, 
philosophy,    characters   of    the   Emperor 


of  Russia,  King  of  Prussia,  of  Blucher,  of 
Platoff,  given  in  a  clear  and  simple  manner 
by  the  Baron,  and  commented  on  by 
others,  formed  the  never-flagging  dis- 
course throughout  the  dinner.  I  did  not 
talk  much,  as  you  may  guess,  for  I  had 
scarcely  ears  enough  to  listen  with.  Ward 
was  more  charming  and  more  maliciously 
witty,  more  Puck-like,  than  I  had  seen 
him  for  years ;  and  what  he  did  not 
choose  to  venture  aloud,  he  whispered 
in  my  ear — more  agreeable  than  polite; 
but  once  I  caught  myself  in  an  argu- 
ment with  Mr.  Knight, '  and  I  trembled 
at  my  own  temerity.  Talk  across  the 
table  I  could  not  have  done  ;  but  Mr.  K. 
was  my  neighbour,  and  none  but  he  heard 
my  darmg.  I  will  give  you  one  of  Ward'i 
sarcasms  ;  but  an  unusually  good-natured 
one,  as  it  would  flatter,  not  wound,  the 
persons  at  whom  it  was  aimed.  '*  I  hear 
(said  I)  you  returned  from  Paris  with 
a  Cardinal."  "Yes,  the  Cardinal  Gon- 
salva,  and  I  had  the  great  satisfaction 
of  putting  him  at  length  under  the  pro- 
tection of  a  Silesian  Jew.''  <*  Not  being 
able  (said  Sir  James)  to  find  any  Scotch 
philosophers  at  hand  to  take  his  place." 
**  But  had  there  been  any  Scotch  philo- 
sophers to  consign  him  to,  I  should  still 
have  preferred  the  Jew,  because  I  know 
there  would  have  been  some  chance  of  hit 
converting  the  Jew/'  The  philosophers 
present  laughed;   and  this  introduced  a 

curious  discussion  on    infidelity • 

(Enter  the  Baron  de  Humboldt  to  break, 
fast  with  me,  and  then  I  take  him  to 
Mrs.  Siddons.)  Alas  !  it  was  no  Baron — 
so  I  may  go  on.  Ward  saw  Lafayette  at 
Paris ;  almost  the  only  man  of  a  Revolu- 
lution  who  has  survived  one,  and  lived 
to  enjoy  life.  He  owned  to  me  he  did 
not  care  to  see  him ;  for,  in  his  opinions 
on  such  a  subject,  he  was  too  much  of 
a  Burkite,  to  relish  seeing  Lafayette.  De 
Humboldt  spoke  highly  of  him,  and  men- 
tioned with  pleasure,  as  a  proof  of  tole- 
rance of  opinion,  that  Lafayette  has  always 
been  beloved  and  associated  with  by  per- 
sons of  totally  opposite  opinions  to  his 
own,  and  has  been  enriched  by  them  at 
their  death  :  lately  he  has  acquired  much 
by  the  death  of  Monsieur  de  Lusignan^ 
whom  I  once  knew  very  well.  .  •  .  Here 
is  the  Baron  indeed  I  He  is  very  charm- 
ing !  So  full  of  information,  and  so  sim- 
ple in  his  manner  of  giving  it 

Two  o'clock.  I  have  lived  more  in  two 
or  three  hours  to-day  than  I  usually  live 
in  a  month.  I  have  been  to  Peru,  to 
Mexico,  climbing  the  Table  Mountain, 
besides  beating  much  on  all  subjects, 
amusing,  instructive,  and  interesting.  This 
charming  Chamberlain  of  Frederick  Wil- 
liam (I  mean  the  King  of  Prussia)  goev 


588 


Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie^ 


[June, 


to-day  1  but  I  am  to  see  his  brother,  who 
is  now  appointed  ambassador  from  Prussia 
to  France,  on  Sunday  certainly,  if  not 
before 

Thus,  and  in  the  melee  of  royalties 
and  ambassadors,  of  Sunday  callers  and 
Sunday  dinners,  passed  the  London 
sprin<;s  of  Amelia  Opie*s  life  up  to 
1814.  Yet  it  was  in  this  very  summer, 
nay,  it  was  about  a  fortnight  before 
the  last-mentioned  brilliant  dinner,  that 
she  received  a  (juiet  epistle  from  Mr. 
J.  J.  Gurney,  announcing  the  increased 
illness  and  danger  of  his  brother,  but 
also  insinuating  cautions  and  doubts 
respecting  her  way  of  life,  followed 
about  a  month  afterwards  by  one  much 
longer,  in  which  he  presses  the  same 
train  of  thought  upon  her.  "  Liked, 
flattered,  and  admired, — I  know  thou 
art  so  ;  and,  unless  thou  art  of  a  very 
different  composition  to  thy  friend,  I 
am  satisfied  it  must  afford  no  small 
temptation  to  thee,  and  rec^uire  on  thy 
part  much  watchfulness."  lie  apolo- 
gizes, however,  **  for  addressing  some- 
thing in  the  shape  of  advice  to  one  so 
much  older  and  more  experienced" 
than  himself. 

That  an  impression  was  made  on 
her  mind,  and  her  conscience  pricked 
by  these  letters  there  can  be  no  doubt, 
especially  as  the  death  of  Mr.  Gurney's 
brother,  and  the  striking  funeral  ser- 
vice, which  she  attended  (having  tra- 
velled all  night  for  the  purpose),  soon 
followed.  But,  though,  from  that  time, 
she  attended  the  religious  worship  of 
the  Quakers,  we  must  pass  on  eleven 
years  before  we  come  to  the  following 
letter  to  the  Friends  of  the  Monthly 
Meeting : — 

Respected  Friends, — Having  attended 
your  place  of  worship  for  more  than  eleven 
years,  and  being  now  fully  convinced  of 
the  truth  of  Friends'  principles,  I  can  no 
longer  be  easy  without  expressing  my 
earnest  desire  to  be  admitted  into  mem- 
bership with  your  society.  My  former 
opinions  and  habits  were,  I  own,  at  vari- 
ance with  yours ;  but  having,  through 
Divine  mercy,  been  convinced  of  the  error 
of  my  early  belief,  and  of  the  emptiness 
of  worldly  pleasures,  1  trust  that  the  same 
mercy  has  led  me  to  desire  to  *'  walk  in 
the  narrow  way  **  that  seems  to  lie  before 
me,  and  to  promise  me  **  that  peace  which 
the  world  cannot  give." — I  ^m,  yours, 
with  respect  and  esteem,  A.  O. 

As  the  result  of  this  application, 
she  was  received    into    mv^mbership^ 


Aug.  11,  1825.  Two  months  after- 
wards her  father  died.  Intense  as  is 
ordinarily  our  dislike  to  making  public 
the  deep  communings  of  a  devout  neart, 
yet,  as  one  of  two,  only,  printed 
prayers  of  Mrs.  Opie's,  we  cannot  help 
pointing  to  the  touching  supplication 
for  her  father  found  among  her  papers, 
dated  April,  1821,  and  here  given,  in 
which  are  these  words : — 

In  grateful  return  for  that  life  which  he 
gave  me  here,  and  which,  under  Thy  good 
providence,  he  has  tenderly  watched  over 
and  tried  to  render  happy,  enable  me,  O 
Lord  !  to  be  the  humble  means  of  leading 
him  to  Thee.  O,  let  us  thirst,  and  come 
together  to  the  waters,  &c.  (P.  187.) 

Here,  indeed,  was  the  true  dividing 
line  between  her  past  and  present. 
Kot  in  membership,  nor  garb,  nor 
speech ;  but  in  the  turn  of  her  thoughts 
and  the  nobler  employment  of  her 
time.  In  the  midst  of  much  wonder 
and  regret,  the  kind  consideration  she 
met  with  was  great.  Iler  old  friend 
Lady  Cork  writes : — 

^  Si  V0U8  itet  heureusetje  ne  mis  pat 
malheureuse^*^  used  to  be  my  motto  to  you. 
I  must  be  glad  that  you  are  happy :  but 
I  must  confess  I  have  too  much  Me{f^  not 
to  feel  it  a  tug  at  my  heart,  the  no-chanct 
I  have  of  enjoying  your  society  again. 
Will  your  primitive  cap  never  dine  with 
me,  and  enjoy  a  quiet  society  ?  but  really, 
am  I  never  to  see  you  again  ?  Your  Par- 
liament friend  does  not  wear  a  broad- 
brimmed  hat;  80  pray,  pray,  pray  do  not 
put  on  the  bonnet  So  come  to  me  and 
be  my  love,  in  a  dove- coloured  garb,  and  a 
simple  head-dress.  Teach  us  your  pure 
morals,  and  your  friend  of  the  Lower 
House  shall  join  us,  and  approve  of  your 
compliance.  He  will  agree  with  me,  that 
good  people,  mixing  with  the  world,  are  of 
infinitely  more  use  than  when  they  confine 
themselves  to  one  set.  Pray  treat  me  with 
a  letter  sometimes  ;  and  when  you  do 
write  (if  you  happen  to  think  of  it),  say 
whether  your  Norwich  goods  are  cheaper 
upon  the  spot  than  I  can  get  them  in  town 
— this  is  of  no  consequence.  Cannot  you 
give  me  one  of  your  200  pictures — you're 
welcome  to  my  phiz,  if  you  will  come  and 
paint  it,  or  shall  I  step  to  you  ?  I  could 
fill  a  paper  with  fun,  but  the  cold  water  of 
your  last  makes  me  end  my  letter.  God 
bless  you  1  Adieu. — Yours  ever,  sinner 
or  saint,  M.  Cork  and  Orrery. 

What !  do  yuu  give  up  Holkham,  your 
singing  and  music,  and  do  you  really  see 
harm  in  singing  ?  Now  F.  sings  all  day 
long,  and  thinks  it  her  duty. 


1854.] 


Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie, 


589 


Others,  of  course,  were  less  good- 
humoured — and  some  were  even  slan- 
derous ;  for  herself,  her  chief  subject 
of  self-debate  as  to  externals  seems  to 
have  been  between  the  Wesleyans  and 
the  Friends.  "  Many  of  her  relations," 
she  tells  Mrs.  Fry,  **  on  her  mother's 
side,  had  been  united  for  generations 
past  to  the  Wcsleyan  Methodists," 
which  consideration  had  sometimes  in- 
clined her  towards  a  union  with  that 
sect  of  worshippers,  and  it  may  be 
added  that  the  Wesleyan  Hymn-book 
was  the  companion  of  all  her  wander- 
ings, and  its  contents  read  and  re- 
peated by  her  on  her  death -bed. 

If,  in  parts  of  Miss  BrightweH's  vo- 
lume we  have  wished  for  that  kind  of 
suppression  which  we  cannot  find,  we, 
in  this  place,  desire  some  positive  ad- 
dition to  the  materials.  There  are 
copious  extracts  from  Mrs.  Opie's 
diaries,  from  the  journals  of  her  foreign 
and  English  tours ;  but  we  should  have 
much  preferred  to  read  some  of  her  more 
quiet  letters.  She  suffered  most  deeply 
on  the  death  of  her  father,  and  seems 
to  have  been  long  unable  to  shake  off 
the  gloom  which  every  return  to  her 
Norwich  home  occasioned  her;  this 
and  only  this  period  of  her  life  gives 
us  an  im]>ression  of  a  morbid  state  of 
mind.  Gradually,  however,  she  reco- 
viTcd  her  tone.  Tlie  ancient,  almost 
unparalleled,  sweetness  of  temper,  the 
cheerful  active  sympathies  of  her  beau- 
tiful nature,  revived  again,  and  flowed 
through  deeper  channels.  How  in- 
tensely she  loved  Christian  companion- 
ship, how  she  delighted  in  her  friends 
and  the  occupations  they  gave  her, 
can  never  be  the  subject  of  a  moment's 
doubt ;  but  one  memorable  truth  must 
be  told  of  her,  that  the  strength  of  her 
own  convictions  never  led  her  into 
j)resuniptuous  condemnation  of  others ; 
and  perhai)s  her  perfect  freedom  from 
sectarian  bitterness  may  have,  here 
and  there,  led  a  bigot  to  think  of  her 
as  attaching  less  value  to  the  essentials 
of  her  faitli  than  really  was  the  case. 
Mr.  Brightwell  says  truly, 

Mrs.  Opie  had  no  liking  for  religious 
controversy,  and  seemed  to  me  always 
desirous  of  avoiding  it.  I  believe  she 
disliked  doijmatic  theory  altogether.  Her 
rt-liiriou  was  the  *'  shewing  out  of  a  good 
eonvorsatiou  her  works,  with  meekness  of 
wisdom.** 

i>}ic  ever    deemed    her    union    *'  with 


Friends''  the  happiest  event  of  her  life ; 
and  she  did  honour  to  her  profession  of 
their  principles  by  shewing  that  they  were 
not  incompatible  with  good  manners  and 
refined  taste.  She  met  with  some  among 
them  who  have  always  appeared  to  me 
to  come  the  nearest  to  the  standard  of 
Christian  perfection ;  these  were  her  dear- 
est friends  on  earth,  and  she  is  now,  with 
them,  numbered  among  the  blessed  dead 
who  have  died  in  the  Lord,  who  have 
ceased  from  their  labours,  and  whose 
works  do  follow  them. 

Very  numerous  were  her  sorrows. 
One  pressed  heavily  upon  her.  In 
1844  she  was  called  to  the  deathbed 
of  her  relative,  Henry  Briggs,  R.A. 
She  had  been  anticipating  this,  early 
in  January,  and  wrote, — 

I  do  so  enjoy  my  home.  In  a  morning 
I  am  only  too  full  of  company  ;  but  when 
at  nightfall  I  draw  my  sofa  round,  for  a 
long  evening  to  myself,  I  have  such  a  feel- 
ing of  thankfulness  ! — and  so  I  ought  It 
is  well  to  see  how  the  burden  is  fitted  to 
the  back  by  our  merciful  Father.  I  have 
been  a  lone  woman  through  life ;  an  only 
child !  a  childless  widow  I  All  my  nearest 
ties  engrossed  by  nearer  ones  of  their  own. 
If  I  did  not  love  to  be  alone,  and  enjoy 
the  privileges  leisure  gives,  what  would 
have  become  of  me  I — but  I  love  my  lot, 
and  every  year  it  grows  dearer  still — 
though  parting  with  beloved  friends  throws, 
for  a  while,  a  deep  shadow  over  my  path. 

Six  days  after  she  writes : — 

1  go  on  my  melancholy  journey  to- 
morrow, scarcely  expecting  to  see  my  poor 
cousin  alive  ;  but  he  wishes  to  see  me,  and 
it  is  therefore  my  duty  to  go 

Again,  some  days  af^r — 

Going  into  his  gallery  of  pictures,  where 
so  many,  alas !  are  unfinished,  reminds 
me  so  powerfully  of  bygone  days,  when  I 
stood  in  my  own  gallery,  where  finished 
and  unfinished  pictures  abounded  1 

Many  were  the  bereavements  of  her 
latter  years.  Relatives  and  friends 
dropped  fast  around  her — and,  healthy 
as  was  her  general  state,  she  had  severe 
occasional  illnesses,  and  a  remarkable 
allowance  of  sharp,  if  not  dangerous, 
bodily  suffering.  Touching  as  is  the 
latter  part  of  the  volume,  it  should  be 
read  unbroken.  We  could  hardly 
forgive  ourselves  were  we  to  mutilate 
MissBrightweirs  beautiful  detail  of  the 
closing  scenes.  Suffice  it  to  say  that 
here  we  feel  the  full  benefit  of  such  a  bio- 
grapher. The  filial  feeling,  the  devoted, 
admiring  love  with  which  the   aged 


590 


Manfion'House  at  Pucklechurchy  co.  Glouc. 


[June, 


friend  is  contemplated  in  her  dying 
hours,  and  even  after  death  itself  has 
come,  is  infinitely  too  sacred  a  thing 
to  be  a  theme  for  criticism.  Blessed 
are  all  they  who  have  called  forth  such 
feelings,— blessed  they  who  have  ex- 
perienced them ! 

Of  the  personal  appearance  of  Mrs. 
Opie  in  her  latter  years,  these  few  de- 
scriptive touches  are  given, — 

Sbe  was  about  the  standard  height  of 
woman  ;  her  hair  was  worn  in  waving 
folds  iu  front,  and  behind  it  was  seen 
through  the  cap,  gathered  into  a  braid ; 
its  colour  was  peculiar — 'twiit  flaien  and 
gray ;  it  was  unusually  fine  and  delicate, 
and  had  a  natural  bend  or  wave.  Her 
Quaker  cap  was  of  beautiful  lawn,  and 
frtstcned  beneath  the  chin  with  whimpers, 
wlkich  had  small  crimped  frills  ;  her  dress 
was  usually  of  rich  silk  or  satin,  often  of 
a  fawn  or  grey  colour  ;  and  over  the  bust 
was  drawn  a  muslin  or  net  handkerchief 
in  thick  fulds,  fastening  into  the  waist, 
round  which  was  worn  a  band  of  the  same 
material  as  the  dress ;  an  apron,  usually 
of  net  or  muslin,  protected  (or  adorned) 
the  front  of  the  gown.     Her  feet,  which 


were  small  and  well-formed,  peeped  oat 
beneath  the  dress.  On  her  hands  she 
wore  small,  black,  netted  muffateea.  (she 
sometimes  repaired  them  while  talking  to 
her  friends,)  and  the  coifs  of  her  gown 
were  secured  by  a  small  loop  at  one  coroer, 
which  she  wore  passed  over  the  thamb,  so 
as  to  prevent  them  from  turning  back  or 
rucking  upon  the  arm.  Her  figure  wis 
stout,  the  throat  short ;  her  carriage  wu 
invariably  erect,  and  she  bore  her  head 
rather  thrown  back,  and  with  an  air  of 
dignity.  Her  countenance,  in  her  later 
years,  lost  much  of  that  fire  which  once 
irradiated  it  ;  but  the  ezpresaion  was  more 
pleasing,  softer,  more  tender,  and  loving. 
Her  eyes  were  especially  charming  ;  there 
was  in  them  an  ardour  mingled  with 
gentleness  that  bespoke  her  true  nature, 
and  occasionally  they  were  raised  upwards 
with  a  look  most  pecuUar  and  expressive, 
when  her  sympathy  was  more  than  uanallf 
excited.  Her  complexion  was  fair,  and 
the  kindling  blush  mantled  in  her  cheek, 
betraying  any  passing  emotion,  for,  like 
her  friend  Lafayette,  she  **  blushed  like  a 
girl  to  hear  her  own  praises."  Altogether 
she  attracted  you,  and  you  drew  near  to  her, 
and  liked  to  look  into  her  face,  and  felt  that 
old  age,  iu  her,  was  beautiful  and  comely. 


MANSION  OF  THE  DENNIS  FAMILY  AT  PUCKLECHURCH, 

CO.  GLOUCESTER. 


HAVING  been  prcsente<l  with  a 
view  of  this  ancient  mansion,  recently 
destroyed  (see  our  Number  for  March, 
p.  2*26,  and  for  April,  p.  338),  we  have 
nad  the  accompanying  engraving  made 
of  it;  thinking  that  it  will  be  interest- 
ing, not  merely  as  a  specimen  of  a 
class  of  stone  houses  very  frequent  in 
that  district  of  the  country,*  but  par- 
ticularly as  a  memorial  to  those  who 
have  spent  some  of  their  earliest,  and 
perhaps  happiest,  days  within  its  walls. 

The  account  of  the  mttttide  of  this 
house,  as  given  by  Rudder  (1768),  is 
as  follows,  but,  unfortunately  he  docs 
not  describe  the  inside  of  the  mansion : 

A  capital  house  and  estate  at  Puckle- 
church,  formerly  belonging  to  William 
Dennis,  esq.  is  now  the  property  of  John 
Hugh  Smyth,  esq.  (eldest  son  of  Sir  Jarrit 


Smyth,  Bart.)  in  right  of  Elixabeth  his  wife, 
daughter  and  sole  heiress  of  Henry  Wool- 
nough,  esq.  who  purchased  them  of  Mn. 
Mary  Butler,  eldest  daughter  and  coheir 
of  William  Dennis,  esq.  There  is  a  large 
scutcheon  of  arms  carved  in  stone :  Quar^ 
terly  of  eight  1 .  Gules,  a  bend  ingrailed 
azure  between  three  leopard's  faces  or, 
jessant  fleurs-de-lis  of  the  second,  for 
Dennia,  2.  Or,withinabordure  [q. gules?] 
a  raven  proper,  for  Corbet.  3.  Argent, 
on  a  chief  gules  three  besants,  for  RuageL 
4.  Or,  Ave  fusils  in  fess  azure,  for  Pen* 
nington.  5.  Lozcngy  or  and  azure,  a 
chevron  gules,  for  Gorgta,  6.  Argent,  on 
a  bend  gules  three  martlets  or,  winged 
vert,  for  Danvera.  7.  Two  bars,  on  a 
chief   three   stag's  heads   caboshed.     8. 


*  One  of  these  is  Syston  Court,  the  ancient  seat  of  the  Trotmans,  of  which  there 
arft  two  views  in  Foshroke'H  Gloucej^tershire.  A  third,  very  similar  to  the  Court 
House  at  Pucklechurch,  is  Postlip  Hall,  near  Wiuchcomb,  of  which  a  view  appeared 
some  years  ago  in  **  The  Mittot." 


Ermioe,  tbrce  roiei  gnla,  8  and  I,  for 

stm* 

Sir  Robert  Alkjns  fin  1712)tgiTM 
many  particulars  of  tne  builders  and 

A  great  part  ot  tbe  msDnor  of  Puclile- 
cliurch  does  atill  CDntioue  Id  tba  biibop- 
rick  of  liilh,  but  a  considenble  part  came 
to  Ibe  family  of  tbe  DcnnU'a.  Hearj 
Dennis  hsd  livery  thereof  grajited  to  bin 
■t  Eliz.  William  Dennis,  eiq.  dyed  aeiaed 
thereof  1701,  and  left  two  dioghten  co- 
heiressca,  who  baie  B  large  leat  called 
The  Court  Houtt,  and  a  Urge  eatate  in 
this  and  other  pariihea.  They  have  been 
a  very  ancient  family,  of  long  atanding  in 
this  county.  There  have  been  more  High 
SlieriFFs  of  this  family  than  any  other. 

The  Church  ia  large,  vith  an  iale  on  the 
north  aiile,  at  the  upper  end  of  which  is 
the  huTTinj;  place  of  the  Dennis's.  There 
are  two  old  monumenta  in  the  aiale,  with 
tffo  Matuee  for  the  Dennis'a.  An  in- 
scri)itioii  for  Hugh  Dennia,  e*q.  who  died 
l'>'i:).     Another  handsome 


John  Dennia,  esq.  aon  of  Uenty  Dennii ; 
ha  died  163S.  Another  for  John  Dennii, 
who  died  1660.  Another  for  John  Den- 
nU,  e*q.  who  died  1682.  Another  TCrj 
biadMme  white  marble  monnmoit  in  the 
north  isle  tor  William  Dennii,  e*q.  who 
died  1701. 

The  seTeral  inwrrptions  of  these 
monuments  are  printed  in  Rudder's 
History. 

Mr.  Lysons  }  gives  a  view  of  ono  of 
the  "statues"  noticed  by  Sir  Robert 
Atkins;  btit  the  male  efBgy  has  no 
reference  to  the  Dennia  family.  Mr. 
Lysons  says  it  is  of  the  time  of  Edwanl 
111.;  of  which  age  ia  also  the  other 
monument,  with  a  female  effigy. 

Pucklechurch  ia  a  village  situated 
between  Uristol  and  Chipping  Sodbury. 
It  eivca  name  to  a  hundred,  and  occurs 
in  Domesday  Book,  as  Pidcrecreet,  a 
name  which  has  been  supposed  to  aif;- 
nify  "  the  stately  and  magnificcDt 
church,"  but  which  perhaps  referred 
to  the  ancient  dedication  of  the  church 
to  Saint  I'ulchcrius,  a  dedication  which 
was  afterwords  altered  to  Sunt  Thomas 
of  Canterbury. 


592 


THE  REVOCATION  OF  THE  EDICT  OF  NA.NTES. 

The  Exiles.* 

Histoire  des  'R6hig}6s  Protestants  de   France.     Par  Ch.  Weiss.     3   tomes,    12mo. 

Paris,  1853. 
History  of  the  Protestants  of  France,  from  the  Reformation  to  the  Present  Time.     Bj 

G.  de  Felice.     Translated.     12mo.     London,  1854. 
Histoire  de  la  LittcTature  FraD<;aise  k  PEtranger  depuis  le  commencement   da   17'"* 

Siecle.     2  tomes,  8to.     Paris,  1853.     Par  A.  Sayous. 
The  Witnesses  in  Sackcloth  :  an  Account  of  the  Attack  upon  the  Reformed  Chnrehes 

of  France  in  the  Seventeenth  Century.     By  a  Descendant  of  a  Refugee.     12mo. 

London,  1852. 


AFTKR  years  of  fraudulent  evasion, 
Louis  the  Fourteenth  (as  we  have  seen 
in  our  April  Maf^azine)  signed  the  Re- 
vocation of  the  E<lict  of  Nantes  on  the 
22nd  October,  1685.  The  object  of 
the  present  [)aper  is  to  show  the  im- 
mediate results,  to  trace  the  course  of 
the  extensive  emi^ation  it  occasioned, 
and  to  estimate  its  influence  upon  the 
literature  and  social  C(mdition  of  Eu- 
rope in  the  seventeenth  century. 

From  that  date,  Protestantism  in 
France  was  considered  asacrimetigainst 
the  state.  The  exercise  of  the  re- 
formed worship  in  churches  and  pri- 
vate houses  was  forbidden.  The  minis- 
ters, unless  they  abjured,  were  warned 
to  quit  the  kin<»dom  within  fifteen  days, 
under  penalty  of  the  galleys  for  life. 
The  Protestant  schools  were  closed ; 
private  parental  instruction  was  for- 
bidden ;  children  born  after  the  Edict 
were  to  be  consi<lered  Catholics,  and 
as  such  only  could  be  baptised  under 
the  penalty  of  a  fine  of  five  hundred 
livres.  Emigration  was  forbidden  under 
the  penalty  of  the  galleys  or  imprison- 
ment :  four  months  was  allowed  for 
those  who  sought  to  return  to  France, 
at  the  expiration  of  which  term  their 
proj)erty  was  confiscated.  All  the  ar- 
ti(?lefl  of  the  severe  laws  against  the 
relapsed  were  confirme<l ;  rewards  were 
ofiered  for  the  betrayal  of  the  ministers 
who  still  venturetl  to  officiate ;  and  the 
severest  penalties  awaite<l  those  whose 
faith  reverenced  their  office,  or  whose 
(charity  extended  them  relief.  The 
churches  of  Charenton,  of  Caen,  and 
of  Xismes,  which  so  long  had  gathered 
within  their  walls  the  congregations 
which  fiocked  from  great  distances  to 
listen  to  the  ministrations  of  Claude 
and  ofDu  liosc — men  whose  eloipience 


had  extorted  the  unwillinflr  pnuse  of 
the  King,  and  the  purity  ofwnose  lires 
the  enforced  respect  of  their  opponents 
— were  instantly  destroyed.  Of  eight 
hundred  churches  none  were  allowed 
to  remain;  the  celebration  of  Fh>- 
testant  worship  was  interdicted  on 
board  ships  of  war  and  merchant 
vessels ;  no  Catholic  could  hire  a  Pro* 
testant  servant — no  Proiestant  one  of 
his  own  communion.  The  rite  of 
marriage  could  alone  be  administered 
by  the  Catholic  priesthood,  to  whom 
also  the  privilege  of  forbidding  the 
obsequies  of  the  dead  was  conceded. 
It  has  been  said  this  act  was  popu- 
lar. Admit  it.  What  are  we  then  to 
think  of  the  moral  condition  of  the 
court  or  of  the  people  under  the  in- 
fluence of  the  Church  of  Rome  ?  For 
from  the  Church,  from  the  Jesuits  as  its 
then  moving  power,  this  persecution 
proceeded,  and  by  that  Church  and  that 
order  was  continued,  until  the  infidelity 
that  cruelty  and  immorality  had  engen- 
dered, reacting  on  the  ignorance  of  the 
masses,  crushed  both  by  the  proscrip- 
tions of  the  Keign  of  Terror  and  the 
passions  of  the  Ilcvolution.  Upon  his 
death-bed  Louis  the  Fourteenth  bore 
testimony  to  the  truth  of  this,  cleclaring 
to  the  Cardinals  De  Rohan  and  De 
Bissy,  and  to  his  confessor  the  Jesuit 
Le  Tellier,  "  thai  he  was  wholly  ifrno' 
rant  of  the  affairs  of  the  Church  ;  thai 
he  hful  actcaaccorfiing  to  their  desire ; 
and  that  he  threw  upon  them  the  resptvH* 
sihility  hefttre  GoflT  That  the  act 
was  poimlar,  however,  cannot  be  de- 
nied. When  he  affixed  the  seal  of  the 
state  to  the  revocation,  the  chancellor 
Le  Tellier  repeated  with  enthusiasm 
the  "  Nunc  dimittis"  of  Simeon,  llos- 
suet,  Massillon,  and  Flcchier  made  the 


*  Sec  the  introductory  portion  of  this  article  Gent.  Mag.  April,  page  339. 

4 


1854.] 


The  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 


608 


act  the  subject  of  their  most  eloquent 
panegyrics.  The  Jansenist  joined  with 
the  Jesuit  in  praises.  Even  Arnault 
could  assert — **  The  means  employed, 
indeed,  were  somewhat  violent,  out  by 
no  means  unjust!"  A  "Te  Deum 
was  chanted  at  Rome,  and  the  churches 
were  crowded  for  the  celebration  of 
a  solemn  thanksgiving  throuffhout 
France.  Courtiers,  such  as  the  Mar- 
quis Dangeau, — intellectual  women  of 
the  world,  such  as  Madame  de  S^viffn^ 
— intendants  of  the  provinces,  sucn  as 
the  Marquis  de  laTrousse  and  La- 
rooignon  de  Baville — ^priests,  such  as 
the  Abb^  Chayla — all  united  with  the 
dregs  of  the  most  debased  population 
in  exultation.  There  were  ouer  and 
better  spirits,  who  stood  afar  off  and 
wept.  The  extremes  to  which,  under 
the  instigation  of  the  Jesuits,  the  do- 
minant part^  proceeded, ^occasioned  a 
slight  reaction;  and  we  recall  with 
pleasure  the  names  of  the  Marquis  de 
^omponne,  of  Yauban,  F^ni^lon,  and 
Racine.  For  a  time  the  Protestants 
sunk  beneath  the  oppression  of  a  death- 
like stupor,  and  then,  as  if  nature  was 
unequal  to  the  utterance  of  so  much 
grief,  in  the  silence  of  despair  they 
went  forth  from  the  land  whose  cities 
had  become  to  them  the  strongholds  of 
injustice,  whose  churches  were  pro- 
faned by  the  sacrilege  of  forced  abju- 
rations, and  whose  soil  was  polluted  by 
the  shedding  of  innocent  blood.  They 
were  preceded  by  their  pastors — ^men 
eminent  for  their  piety,  forced  to  seek 
concealment  in  the  lairs  of  beasts, 
hungry  and  in  rags,  driven  from  their 
families  and  their  flocks,  seeking  from 
the  charity  of  strangers  protection  and 
hospitality.  CounUess  crowds  suc- 
ceeded. In  vain  were  guards  placed 
at  the  gates  of  towns,  at  bridges,  ports, 
the  highways,  the  frontier,  and  the 
mountain  passes;  in  vain  were  the  pea- 
santry armed  as  guards ;  in  vain  were 
the  laws  stretched  to  the  uttermost; — 
every  precaution  failed.  Men*s  hearts 
relented;  their  covetousness  yielded 
to  the  temptation  of  bribes;  every 
disguise  was  assumed:  and  as  shep- 
herds, pilgrims,  soldiers,  men  and 
women  servants,  mendicants,  travelling 
vendors  of  chaplets  and  rosaries,  and 
smugglers,  the  emigration  continued.* 
All  attempts  to  obtain  an  accurate 


return  of  the  number  of  the  emi- 
grants have  fiuled,  nor  can  we  in  this 
respect  do  better  than  refer  to  Mr. 
Weiss*8  work,  vol.  i.  pp.  105 — 117. 
Yauban  deplored  the  loss  of  a  hun- 
dred thousand  inhabitants,  nine  thou- 
sand sailors,  twelve  thousand  soldiers, 
six  hundred  officers,  and  the  strength 
of  all  the  mannfacturine  towns  of 
France.  Sismondi  vaguely  estimates 
the  number  as  between  three  or  four 
hundred  thousand,  Capefigue  calcu- 
lates it  at  two  hundred  and  thirtj 
Aousand;  but  in  truth  the  reports  of 
the  intendants  of  the  provinces,  and  of 
the  Protestant  and  Catholic  historians, 
are  not  to  be  relied  upon ;  they  made 
intentionally  false  returns,  and  later 
writers  have  been  unable  to  ascertain 
the  truth.  Monsieur  de  Felice  says  it 
appears  probable  that  between  the 
years  1569  to  1760,  during  which  the 
persecution  continued,  alwut  four  or 
five  hujidred  thousand  persons  were 
driven  out  of  France,  who  belonged 
to  the  most  enlightened,  the  most  m- 
dustrions,  and  the  most  moral  portion 
of  the  nation.  Great  as  was  the  misery 
of  exile,  it  was  happiness  when  com- 
pared with  the  lot  of  those  who  were 
arrested  in  their  flight.  With  heavy 
chains  about  their  necks,  linked  to  the 
lowest  ruffians,  they  were  driven  in 
forced  marches  upon  the  public  roads 
to  the  galleys  at  Marseilles.  Their 
food  was  a  scanty  supply  of  bad  bread, 
they  were  lodged  in  the  worst  portions 
of  the  worst  gaols,  cast  upon  the  stone 
floor,  or  huddled  together  without 
covering  in  squadrons  in  the  streets. 
Their  punishment  was  for  the  most 
part  for  life.  In  June,  16Sd,  more 
than  six  hundred  Protestants  were 
ohained  at  the  galleys  of  Marseines^ 
condemned  upon  the  sole  decision  of 
the  Marshal  ae  Montrfvel,  or  of  La- 
moignon  de  Baville.  Boulainvilliers 
assures  us  tiliat  under  the  intendancy 
of  the  latter,  in  the  single  province  oif 
Languedoc,  a  hundred  thousand  per- 
sons fell  victims  to  a  premature  death, 
and  that  of  this  number  a  tenth  pe- 
rished by  fire,  strangulation,  or  the 
wheel.  The  preachers  and  the 
were  doomed  to  certain  death, 
these  may  be  cited  Isaac  Homel,  an  _ 
man  aged  seventy-two,  who  wasbroken 
alive  upon  the  wneel  l^  an  execnUoner  - 


*  Benoit,  Hiitoire  de  la  Revocation  de  I'Edit  de  Nantes. 
Gknt.  Maq.  Yol.  XLI.  4  G 


594 


The  Revocation  of  the  Edict  ofNaniei* 


[JUIMS 


made  drunk  for  the  task,  and  who  pro- 
longed the  torture  with  permission  of  the 
magistrates.  Fulcran  Key  and  Claude 
Brousson  followed,  and  the  total  number 
of  those  executed  in  the  years  imme- 
diately preceding  the  Act  of  Revoca- 
tion, and  during  the  reign  of  Louis 
the  Fifteenth,  has  been  estimated  at 
twenty-five.  We  will  now  trace  the 
course  of  the  emigrants  in  their  lands 
of  refuge. 

The  first  to  profit  by  the  fault  of 
Louis  the  Fourteenth  was  the  Great 
Elector  Frederick  William  of  Bran- 
denburffh.  He  replied  to  the  edict  of 
revocation  by  that  of  Potsdam,  29th 
October,  1685.  By  this  the  emigrants 
were  assured  of  protection  for  life  and 
property,  and  the  free  exercise  of  their 
religion.  Provisions  and  means  of 
transport  were  provided,  they  were 
allowed  to  choose  the  place  of  their 
abode,  unoccupied  houses  and  waste 
lands  were  allotted  to  them,  funds 
were  liberally  advanced,  and  they  were 
declared  exempt  from  taxes.  The 
rights  of  citizenship  were  fully  con- 
ceded, pastors  appomtcd  to  congrega- 
tions, and  to  the  nobilitv  honourable 
employment  in  the  civil  service,  or 
commands  and  regiments  in  the  army, 
over  troops  of  their  own  country- 
men, were  olTercd.  The  cti([uette  of 
the  court  was  also  modified,  and,  with  a 
refinement  of  feeling  that  enhanced  the 
elevation  of  their  rank,  Uic  Elcctress 
Louisa  Henrietta,  and  the  future  Queen 
Sophia  Charlotte,  so  intimately  asso- 
ciated with  literature  and  science,  came 
forward  to  welcome  within  their  circle 
the  families  and  the  distinguished  men 
among  those  who  had  preferred  exile 
to  apostacy.  No  less  than  three  French 
literary  institutions  were  founded,  the 
"  French  College,"  the  "  Academy  of 
Nobles,"  and  the  "  French  Institute," 
all  eminent  for  their  educational  course, 
the  merit  of  their  professors,  and  the 
number  of  the  students.  A  French 
press  was  established  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Elector ;  and  the  house  of 
Ezechicl  Spanheim,  his  chief  agent  in 
these  measures,  was  opened  weekly 
for  the  reception  of  tlie  pastors  and  of 
the  more  eminent  of  tlie  Protestant 
emigrants.  Here  wore  found  David 
Ancillon,  who  ranked  among  the  best 
of  the  reformed  preachers,  and  whom 
the  Elector  nominated  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Berlin.  Jacques  Abbadic,who 


subsequently  withdrew,  with  Marshal 
Schombers,  to  Ei^land,  and  was  made 
Dean  of  ^illaloe  in  Ireland ;  bom  at 
Beam  in  1657,  and  who  died  in  London 
in  1724.  Abbadie  is  chiefly  known 
by  his  "  Treatise  on  the  Truth  of  the 
Christian  Religion,"  a  work  whidi  ex- 
cited the  enthusiasm  upon  ita  appear* 
ance  of  both  Catholics  and  Froteatantai 
and  upon  which  Madame  de  S^TignC 
and  the  Count  de  Bussy  Rabutin  ex- 
hausted their  eloquence  of  pruie. 
Although  now,  especially  in  "F-^gJnnii, 
almost  forgotten,  it  is  descrring  of  ili 
past  repute.  It  stands  in  the  Tanffuaid 
of  those  works  which  combated  the 
growing  infidelity  of  its  time,  and  long 
withstood  the  influence  of  writers  of  the 
succeeding  age.  Abbadie*8  eloqneooe 
as  a  preacner  is  more  fully  conceded; 
he  extended  lareely  the  subjects  of 
discourse  then  acunitted  in  the  pnlpiti 
of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  his  itylflb 
occasionally  pompous,  is  alwayi  elo- 

auent,  rich  m  ideas,  and  copions  ia 
lustration.  To  these  men  were  ako 
associated  Isaac  Jaquelot,  bom  tt 
Vassy  Dec.  16,  1647,  the  author  of 
the  Treatise  of  the  Existence  of  God; 
Jacques  Lenfant,  and  Isaac  de  Bean^ 
sobre,  who  joined  aflerwarda  the  eu* 
grants  in  Holland. 

But  it  was  chiefly  the  esta.blishnieBl 
of  manufactures  hitherto  unknown,  or 
unskilfull;jr  exercised,  which  occupied 
the  attention  of  the  Elector.  For  tUi 
purpose  ho  encouraged  emigration 
from  Languedoc,  Normandy,  and  FS« 
cardy.  The  emigrants  wero  establislMd 
in  the  cities  most  favourable  for  thvr 
occupations.  Magdeburg,  Halle,  and 
Berlin  wero  made  central  points  of 
commercial  enterprise.  The  woollen 
manufacture,  that  of  hats,  glove  mak* 
in£,  and  tanneries  were  introduced  | 
goldsmith  work  and  the  art  of  metal 
castings  wero  improved — in  ahorti 
the  influence  of  the  emigrants  oooa- 
sioned  not  only  au  amended  aooial 
condition,  but  laid  the  foundation  of 
the  present  commercial  prosperity 
of  Prussia.  As  a  necessary  reanlti 
capital  flowed  in,  cities  wore  en* 
larged,  population  increased,  and  at 
the  period  of  his  death,  in  1688,  the 
Elector  Iiad  alreatly  reaped  the  rewaid 
of  his  enlarged  and  Chrutian  policy, 
by  the  approaching  elevation  of  lus 
domains  to  the  raxix  of  on  European 
power.    His  successors  followed  in  his 


1854.] 


The  Revocation  of  the  Edict  »f  Nantes, 


695 


path.  The  "Academy  of  Berlin,"  which 
owed  its  earljr  celebrity  to  the  emi- 
grants, still  recals  their  names  bj  the 
talent  and  learning  of  their  descend- 
ants, and  in  Sayi^ny,  LaMothe  Fouqu^, 
Charles  Frederic  Michelet,  Adolphe 
Erman,  and  Adalbert  Chamisso,  France 
still  reco^ises  thesenius  of  her  exiled 
sons.  It  IS  to  the  Irench  refugees  that 
Prussia  greatly  owes  her  rapid  mental 
development.  Prior  to  the  establish- 
ment of  the  academy  the  use  of  the 
Latin  language  was  predominant.  It 
was  superseded  by  the  French ;  and  if 
the  Germans  reproach  the  emigration 
as  having  exercised  a  prejudicial  in- 
fluence on  the  cultivation  of  their  own 
ton^e,  they  must  admit  also  that  its 
spiritual  influence  checked  the  mate- 
rialism of  the  reign  of  Frederick  the 
Great,  improved  education,  and,  by 
reflning  taste,  awakened  the  talent  of 
their  own  writers,  and  prepared  the 
public  for  their  appreciation. 

Lon^prior  to  the  revocation  of  the 
edict,  England  had  been  the  city  of 
refuge  for  the  persecuted  for  consci- 
ence* sake.  Hither  fled  numbers  of 
the  destined  victims  of  Alva,  of  the 
Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew,  the  pro- 
scribed dissidents  of  the  rival  sects  of 
Holland,  and  the  persecuted  of  the 
states  of  Europe.  To  the  French  re- 
fugees England  offered  many  advan- 
tages. Colonies  of  their  countrymen 
were  already  established  in  London, 
Canterbury,  Norwich,  and  other  pro- 
vincial towns.  So  early  as  the  24th 
July,  li>50,  the  Flemings  were  settled 
as  a  congregation  in  Austin  Friars;  and, 
although  the  French  possessed  an  equal 
right  to  use  this,  their  numbers  induced 
them  to  obtain  a  lease,  on  the  16th 
October,  1550,  of  the  church  of  St. 
Anthony^s  Hospital,  in  Threadneedle 
Street.  In  addition  to  this,  was  the 
influence  derived  from  the  long  com- 
mercial intercourse  carried  on  almost 
exclusively  by  the  colonists  of  France 
with  England.  Similar  opinions  upon 
articles  of  faith,  upon  the  great  £>c- 
trines  of  civil  ana  religious  liberty, 
and  the  aid  and  encouragement  ex- 
tended to  them  by  Elizabeth  and  Crom- 
well, all  combined  to  make  our  land  to 
the  refugees  the  lan<l  of  promise,  when, 
like  Israel  of  old,  they  fled  from  before 
the  face  of  their  oppressor.  They  came 
principally  from  Normandy,  Kcardy, 
Britany,  and  Guienne.    It  has  been 


estimated  that  in  th^  ten  Tears  imikie* 
diately  preceding  and  follofwing  the 
revocation  eighty  thousand  sought  her< 
an  asylum,  of  whom  a  Uiird  at  least 
were  located  in  London.  To  the  five 
dinrches  originally  appointed  for  the 
service  of  the  Frencn  Church  no  less 
than  twenty-six  were  added,  almost  all 
founded  between  the  reigns  of  WUliam 
the  Third  and  George  the  First.  Public 
fiselinff  was  deeply  excited  upon  their 
arrivu.  There  was  a  rumour  that 
Charles  the  Second  had  abiured  the 
Protestant  religion  upon  his  death-bed. 
The  bigotry  and  the  crudtjr  of  his  sac« 
cesser  were  known.  If  Louis  conld 
eject  from  his  kingdom,  and  condemn 
to  the  galleys,  to  imprisonment  in 
loathsome  dungeons,  to  death  upon  the 
wheel,  or  drive  into  exile  the  greater 
part  of  the  most  industrious  popular 
tion  of  France,  without  provocation  on 
their  part,  at  the  instigation  of  the 
priesthood,  or  the  exerdse  of  his  un- 
controlled will,  what  miglit  not  be  ex- 
pected from  a  sovereign,  exdted  by 
public  hatred,  cruel  hf  instinct,  re- 
vengeful by  nature,  who  sought  tlie 
restoration  of  his  church,  and  with  its 
supremacy  that  also  of  his  own  arU- 
triry  power  ?  There  was  not  one  of 
these  **  witnesses  in  sackloth**  whose 
story  did  not  thrill  the  hearts  of  their 
hearers,  and  add  to  the  gathering 
gloom  of  public  opinion. 

The  court  temporised,  James  secretiT 
approved  what  ne  openly  disavowed. 
The  Church  expressed  its  sympathy, 
the  frequenters  cf  the  coffee*noiMe  dis*- 
cussed  the  act  of  Louis  in  excited 
groups.  Faces  long  hidden  in  con- 
oealment  were  seen  in  wonted  places 
of  resort.  But  it  was  amoiu^  the  Dis- 
sentors,  the  descendants  of  the  men 
who  had  condemned  the  **Man  Gharlai* 
and  driven  his  family  into  exile,  that 
the   deepest    feeling   of   resentment 

Slowed.  They  had  AemselTes  suffered 
be  affliction  of  persecution.  If  such 
principles  and  such  power  were  to 
prevau  as  strewed  the  shores  inik 
exhausted  exiles,  the  wrecks  of  hn&an 
happiness,  wliat  safeguard  for  civil  and 
rdugious  liberty  remained  f  All  parties 
were  united.  Large  collections  were 
made  for  the  sufferers,  public  opinion 
was  stimulated  by  a  succession  or  pam- 
pUets  and  caricatures,  tlie  lower  orders 
eagerly  bought  up  the  cheap  bo<^ 
wmch  narrated  tliis  event,  and  there 


596 


The  Revocation  of  the  Edict  ofNantes* 


[Jane, 


was  hardly  one  who  did  not  chaunt  the 
popular  songs  which  warned  the  nation 
of  the  danger  of  a  popish  king,  or 
heightened  the  popular  horror  of 
"  wooden  shoes"  and  the  government 
of  "  painted  madams."  The  principal 
towns  soon  received  colonics  of  emi- 
grants. In  London,  they  were  chiefly 
located  in  Blackfriars  and  Spitalficlds. 
The  great  commercial  benefits  of  their 
accession  were  soon  evident.  Every 
branch  of  the  silk  manufacture  was 
introduced  or  perfected.  The  linen 
trade,  and  that  of  sail-cloth,  became  so 
prosperous  that  the  exports  from 
France  comparatively  ceased.  The  art 
of  printed  calicoes  was  established; 
fabrics  of  mixed  materials  of  all  kinds 
improved.  The  trades  of  paper-mak- 
ing, hat-making,  cutlery,  jewellery, 
were  advanced  uy  numbers  of  skilled 
workmen,  from  the  most  prosperous 
towns  of  France.  Macpherson  states 
that,  so  marked  was  the  influence  of 
the  emigration  upon  commerce,  that 
between  the  years  1683  and  1733,  the 
diminution  of  the  annual  value  of 
French  goods  into  England  amounted 
to  1,800,000/.  Many  important  manu- 
factures were  withdrawn  from  France 
for  ever ;  in  others,  such  as  in  silk,  a 
rivalry  was  created,  which  has  ex- 
tended to  the  present  time.  But  the 
benefits  of  the  emigration  were  not 
limited  to  commerce;  we  owe  to  it 
the  honourable  citizenship  of  many 
families,  the  public  services  of  Marshal 
Schomberg  and  of  lluvigny.  Marquis 
of  Galloway,  the  literary  repute  of  St. 
Evremond,  Kapin  Thoyras,  Pierre 
Antoine  Motteux,  Jacques  Abbadie, 
and  Jacques  Saurin.  in  later  years 
that  of  bamuel  Komilly,  Saurin  the 
Attorney-General  for  Ireland,  and 
Henry  Layard.  Our  limits  now  compel 
us  to  conclude  with  a  rapid  glance  at 
the  condition  and  the  influence  of  the 
exiles  in  Holland. 

The  United  Provinces  had  at  this 
time  reached  the  height  of  their  pros- 
perity. Their  government  had  been 
conducted  by  a  succession  of  able  men, 
their  navy  was  powerful,  their  com- 
merce extensive,  and  the  population 
industrious,  hardy,  and  enduring.  The 
violence  of  the  religious  factions  of 
the  Gomarists  and  the  Arminians  had 
ceased,  and  political  party  spirit  was 
oontrolle<l,  or  flowed  gradually  towards 
the  concentration   of  power  in    the 


hands  of  the  Prince  of  Orange.  In 
1668  the  Dutch  had  curbed  the  power 
of  Louis  by  the  Triple  Alliance.  Bj 
the  valour  of  their  navj*  and  the 
skill  of  Van  Tromp  and  De  Rujter, 
and  the  senius  of  their  great  Stadt- 
holder,  they  resisted  with  Buccees  the 
shameless  alliance  of  Charles  the  Se- 
cond with  Louis  against  their  inde- 
pendence. The  Traaty  of  Nimegnen 
lefl  them  for  a  period  weakened,  bat 
yet  so  disciplined  by  reverse  as  to 
appear  again  as  a  great  state  in  the 
war  of  the  Spanish  succession.  It  was 
not  only  by  a  similar  impulse,  given  to 
industrv  and  commerce,  as  in  the  can 
of  England  and  Prussia,  that  Holland 
profited  by  the  act  of  the  revocation  of 
the  edict.  Her  fleets  were  manned  bj 
able  seamen,  her  troops  disciplined  hj 
French  officers,  and  those  regiments 
of  emigrants  were  raised  which  accom- 
panied William  the  Third  under 
Schomberg  to  England.  These  con- 
sisted of  three  French  regiments  of 
infantrv,  a  squadron  of  cavalry,  and 
seven  hundred  and  tliirty-six  ofliom 
incorporated  with  the  different  batta- 
lions of  the  army.  Nor  was  it  by  aims 
alone  the  refugees  served  the  republic ; 
the^  advanced  its  interests  no  less  by 
their  political  writings  than  their  di- 
plomatic talents.  Three  men  were  in 
this  respect  remarkable — Pierre  Bajky 
Pierre  Jurieu,  and  Jac^es  Saurin.  At 
this  period  a  great  change  had  takea 
place  in  Holland ;  a  liberal  toleratioa 
was  conceded;  personal  liberty  ww 
secure;  the  press  was  free.  Bayb 
availed  himself  of  this  advantage ;  be 
established,  by  his  writings,  a  school  of 
analytic  criticism,  and  encouraged  the 
tendency  towards  that  phikMopluo 
scepticism  which  subsequently  gaw 
the  tone  to  French  society  in  the 
salons  of  Madame  de  Tencin,  Ma^l^m^ 
Geoflrin,  Madame  du  Defiant,  and 
Mademoiselle  L'Espinasse,  in  the  yean 
preceding  the  Kevolution.  Ilay]e*t 
power  as  a  writer  is  no  less  remarkabla 
for  its  erudition  than  its  style.  A  clear 
strong  intellect,  associated  with  imam* 
nation;  a  lively  satirical  humour, com* 
bined  with  great  dialectic  skill,  prerafl 
throughout.  It  is  to  these  he  owed 
the  popularity  of  his  writings,  and  h 
was  these  in  the  ''Pensces  sur  teg 
Comctes,**  in  his**  Critiouede  rHistoiiv 
du  Calvinisme  du  Pere  Maimbouiv,**  la 
his  contributions  to  the  '^Nouvel^  d^ 


1854.] 


The  Revocation  of  the  Edict  ofNantee. 


597 


la  Rcpublique  dcs  Lettres,**  and  the 
^^  Commentaire  Philosophique,**  that 
so  largely  influenced  public  opinion. 
The  good  he  effected  is  very  doubtful. 
It  could  have  been  obtained  by  other 
means.  The  evil  he  occasioned  was 
long  manifest.  If  on  the  one  hand  he 
could  unerringly  unrayel  the  mingled 
skein  of  truth  and  falsehood,  n  he 
could  lay  down  those  principles  of 
toleration  upon  which  social  institu- 
tions  must  rest,  he  yet  on  the  other 
feels  pleasure  in  dangerous  paradoxes, 
in  presenting  falsehood  equally  favour- 
ably as  truth,  in  weakening  sound 
principle  or  diminishing  its  conse- 
(iuence.  Baj^le  was  combated  by 
<j  urieu ;  but  his  violence  and  suscepti- 
ble vanity,  whilst  they  involved  him 
in  perpetual  controversy,  exposed  him 
to  the  powerful  pen  of  his  antaso- 
nist,  and  the  eloquent  criticism  of  Ar« 
nauld  and  Bossuet.  Juriea*s  defects, 
however,  had  many  redeeming  (|aa- 
litics ;  he  was  sincere  in  his  religious 
professions;  an  unyielding  opponent 
of  the  power  of  Louis,  his  solid  eru- 
dition advanced  theological  science, 
and  his  generous  advocacy  of  the 
claims  of  the  exiles  greatly  mitigated 
their  afllictions.  Bayle,  in  their  davs 
of  intercourse,  declfured,  "  he  is  the 
first  man  of  our  communion,  whether 
it  be  for  sound  judgment  or  the  nicety 
of  his  wit  ;**  but  the  part  he  took  in 
the  extravagance  of  a  few  ignorant 
Calvinists  at  a  later  period  occasioned 
the  recall  of  this  opinion,  and  dimi- 
nished his  influence. 

It  is  impossible  to  sketch  even  the 
outline  of  the  literary  career  of  such 
men  as  Jean  Le  Clerc,  Jacques  Bas- 
nage,  Elie  Benoit,  to  whom  we  owe 
the  1  listory  of  the  Edict^of  Nantes, 
and  Isaac  de  Beausobre ;  but  the  name 
of  Jacques  Saurin  must  not  be  passed. 
Saurin  was  Ions  the  most  eminent 
preacher  of  the  Uaeue,  and  rivals  in 
the  Reformed  the  place  and  fame  of 
Bossuet  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
To  extensive  knowledge  he  united 
strong  reasoning  powers,  and  a  vigorous 
and  original  imagination.  His  argu- 
ment is  always  clearly  exposed,  closely 
deduced  from  the  premises,  and  forcibly 
pursued  to  its  conclusion.  No  man 
has  exceeded  his  powers  of  admonition 
and  exhortation ;  none  equalled  him  in 
the  solemnity,  the  elevation,  and  the 
Scriptural  beauty  of  the  prayer  with 


which  he  sometimes  commenced,  most 
generally  closed,  his  discourse.  His 
fault  is  a  tendency  to  metaphysical 
abstraction ;  he  is  lost  in  his  subjecty 
and  forgets  his  auditors.  Grreat  were 
his  responsibilities,  greatly  were  these 
fulfilled.  He  had  to  awaken  con- 
science, to  give  it  strength  and  confi- 
dence, amid  the  misery  of  exile,  in  the 
moi^  government  of  God.  He  had  to 
rally  the  dispersed  members  of  a  per- 
secuted chuxt^,  to  defend  the  principles 
of  the  Reformation,  to  revive  the  in- 
fluence of  spuritual  religion  weakened 
by  vain  theological  disputes,  to  shew 
that  the  exercise  of  reason  is  compatible 
with  an  unsullied  faith,  and  to  combat 
the  danger  of  indiflerence  in  the  name 
of  toleration.  His  fame  has  survived 
the  jealous  enmity  to  which  he  fell  a 
yictim,  and  is  still  recalled  in  Holland 
with  respect. 

Such  is  the  mere  outline  of  the 
causes  and  the  consequences  of  the 
Revocation  of  the  £dict  of  Nantes; 
for  its  fuller  history  we  must  refer  our 
readers  to  the  worxs  cited  at  the  be- 
ffinning  of  this  article.  That  of  M. 
Weiss  IS  an  extremely  valuable  com- 
pilation, but  it  is  to  be  regretted  he 
has  such  feeble  powers  of  portraying 
character,  or  of  depicting  events.  The 
volumes  of  Mens.  Sayous  illustrate,  so 
far  as  they  extend,  with  much  ability^ 
the  history  of  the  Literature  of  the 
Refugees.  The  compilation  by  6.  de 
Felice,  and  the  **  Witnesses  in  Sack- 
cloth,** which  last  contains  a  useful 
bibliographical  notice  of  the  principal 
works  upon  the  history  of  this  period, 
should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  one 
who  respects  the  great  struggle  for 
liberty  of  conscience,  or  who  yenerates 
the  memory  of  these  martyrs  of  hia 
faith.  No  one  can  rise  from  theur 
perusal  without  the  profound  convic- 
tion, '^There's  a  Divinity  does  shape 
our  ends,  rough-hew  them  how  we 
will.**  Consider  the  termination  of  the 
career  of  Louis.  He  outiived  the 
adoration  of  his  subjects,  his  ambition 
was  controlled  by  the  genius  of  Wil- 
liam the  Third,  stricken  down  bj  that 
of  Marlborough  and  of  Eugene.  His 
heir  and  his  successors  were  consiffued 
to  premature  graves ;  want  desolated 
his  kingdom,  which  he  left  as  a  heri- 
tage to  a  child  to  whom  he  was  almost 
uuLnown.  Infidelity  and  voluptuous- 
ness corrupted  the  nigfaer  claaie8»  th^ 


598 


Cot^'espondetice  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Jane, 


most  industrious  portion  of  his  subjects 
was  exiled,  the  mass  of  the  remainder 
was  oppressed  and  disaffected.   To  the 
last  he  was  a  King,  obeyed  but  not 
honoured,  surrounded  by  interested 
courtiers,  subservient  ministers,  timo- 
rous  in  religious   duty,   deriving  no 
strength,  no  peace,  no  consolation  from 
his  faith;  above  all  men,  "with  none  to 
bless  him,  none  whom  he  could  bless.'* 
His  death  was  a  day  of  joy,  and  as  his 
funeral  passed  amid  the  mocking  jests 
of  his  subjects  the  Huguenots  recalled 
the  words  familiar  to  the  disciples  of 
the  Reformed  Church  : — "  Is  this  the 
man  that  made  the  earth  to  tremble, 
that  did  shake  kingdoms,"  "  that  made 
the  world    as    a  wilderness,"  "that 
opened  not  the  gates  of  his  prisoners?" 
and  they  bowed  m  reverence  as  they  be- 
held the  extinguishccl  glory  of  him,  the 
pride  of  the  morning,  thus  "  cut  down 
to  the  ground,  which  didst  weaken  the 
nations."    When  a  few  more  years  had 
elaped,  the  Jesuits  were  dispersed,  and 
their  order  proscribed  throughout  Eu- 
rope.    The  bigotry  of  the  Church,  the 
sceptical  effrontery,  an<l  the  relaxecl 
lives  of  many  of  its  leaders, — the  in- 
fluence of  the   writings  of  Voltaire, 
llousseau,  Diderot,  and  D*Alcmbert, 
the  debased  morals  of  the  court,  all 
united,  burst  at  last  those  conventional 
bonds  which  had  restrained  the  passions 
of  society   and  overspread  the   land 
with  the  terrible  results  of  the  Revolu- 
tion.    In  that  hour  of  universal  pro- 
scription, when    the    descendants  of 
Louis  the  Fourteenth  commenced  that 
painful  exile,  the  Edict  of  which  to 
them  is  still  in  all  its  bitterness  re- 


newed, when  his  dead  hodj^  ^nd  Hbom 
of  his  race,  were  dragged  in  the  bigh- 
way  and  cast  into  disKmonred  frnveii 
even  as  he  hod  orduned  should  lie  the 
lot  of  those  who  refused  to  sacrifioe 
their  faith  unto  his  will,    when  the 
cruelty  of  lengthened  imprisonment 
and  uniust  death  upon  the  eceflbld 
closed  the  short  career  of  his  suoccMOi^t 
son  —  men  recalled  the    safferen  ef 
1685,  for  they  beheld  in  these  OTents  the 
jud^ent  which  had  gone  forth  upon 
the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nintn. 
By  his  proscriptions,  by  his  wan  of 
ambition  and  of  vain-fflorj,  Loms  the 
Fourteenth  had  made  the  hearths  of  Us 
subjects  desolate ;  and  lo !  a  straagcTi 
and  to  his  race  an  usurper,  is  nov 
enthroned  in  his  palace    dj  the  wffl 
of  their  descendants.     He  closed  the 
temple  of  the  Huguenots.     Visit  Ver- 
sailles, enter  the  chapel  wherein  As 
noblest  of  his  land  once  thronged*  ts 
listen  to  the  eloquence  of  BoordiJoaa 
The  chapel  is  deserted,  its  condition 
mocks  its  former  paseantrj,  and  As 
palace  of  the  Great^^narch  is  a  pafaUe 
show.  He  separated  the  husband  froH 
the  wife,  detained  them  through  kmg 
years  of  cruel  imprisonment*  and  iSkm 
children  bowed  down  unto  the  nm 
like  flowers  stricken  by  untimelj  nesL 
Who  can  read  the  narrative  of  As 
prisoners  of  the  Temple,  of  the  scna 
ration  of  Louis  the  Eighteenth  and  HI 
Queen,  of  the  cruel  lingering  death  of 
the  Dauphin,  whose  crime  was^-Jle  ■■! 
a  king's  son^  and  not  feel  that  in  Ail 
dread  reverse  there  is  the  lesson  of 
moral  retribution. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

A  Plea  for  the  Uireatcnod  City  Chnrches— The  British  Museum  Library— The  late  Matter  of 
Hospital— Original  Letter  and  Anecdotes  of  Admiral  Vernon— Orendghts  of  SebiUsr  and 

A  Plea  for  the  threatened  Citt  Churcbss. 


Mr.  Urban, — About  twenty  years  ago 
a  scheme  was  suggested  for  the  remoyal 
of  a  large  number  of  City  Churches ;  this 
upon  the  opposition  made  to  it  was  not 
persisted  in.  About  six  years  afterwards 
(1840),  upon  the  proposed  removal  of  the 
Church  of  St.  Bartholomew,  by  the  Ex- 
(^hange,  the  matter  was  again  agitated. 
After  that  church  had  been  removed  (which 
was  effected  after  some  opposition),  the 
question  was  allowed  to  rest  nntil  the  end 


of  the  last  and  the  commenoMiMiit  of  |ki 
present  year,  when,  after  the  pnhliiMllM 
of  a  painphlet  adrocatiag  the  frhcima,  «• 
find  the  Bishop  of  London  aupportiiM  IL 
Since  then  a  bill  under  the  title  of  Ihi 
"  Church  Building  Acts  Amendmeet  BUI,*' 
(as  if  its  promoters  were  desirous  of  eo^ 
ealing  the  object  of  it  by  not  ezplaiaiM 


c 


it  in  the  title),  has  been  Introdaoed  Inli 
and  is  now  paraing  through  PerlieoMaL 
It  will  be  obaerred  that  the  bHt  cm* 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


599 


braces  a  larger  field  than  was  originally 
intended,  inasmuch  as  it  extends  to  the 
whole  country,  and  not  to  London  alone, 
which  appears  to  have  been  the  original 
intention.  With  respect  to  London,  it 
may  be  said  that  this  bill  will  destroy  in  a 
few  months  all  remembrances  of  those 
great  sacrifices  the  citizens  of  London 
made  in  behalf  of  their  church  after  the 
great  Fire  of  London.  We  have  only  to 
consider  for  a  moment  how  great  those 
must  have  been.  At  that  time  hundreds 
were  homeless  and  houseless,  yet  they  set 
to  work  :  besides  building  habitations  for 
themselves,  they  built  habitations  for 
their  God.  It  is  true  they  did  not  build 
up  all  the  churches  which  were  destroyed, 
but  they  did  what  they  might  have  been 
excused  for  not  doing, — they  kept  sacred 
nearly  all  the  spots  upon  which  the 
churches  had  stood.  We  might  have  made 
money  of  them,  and  with  that  money  have 
rebuilt  the  others.  Shall  we  destroy  all 
these  monuments  of  piety  ?  Shall  we  pat 
up  all  these  buildings  and  the  consecrated 
ground  upon  which  they  stand  to  the 
highest  bidder  ?  As  well  might  it  be  said 
that  our  cathedrals  are  useless,  or  nearly 
so,  and  no  longer  necessary — that  churches 
are  wanted  in  other  places,  that  money 
may  be  obtained  by  the  sale  of  the  cathe- 
drals and  the  ground  upon  which  they 
stand — St.  Paul's  itself  might  be  remoyed, 
for  a  small  church  would  accommodate  its 
congregation,  and  the  ground  is  valuable. 
We  have  antiquarian  and  archeeological 
societies  and  associations,  metropolitan  and 
local ;  but  at  the  same  time  that  we  es- 
tablish these  associations  we  destroy  our 
memorials  of  the  past.  Those  in  Lincoln 
and  those  in  Norwich  are  also  threat- 
ened. We  preserve  and  restore  Crosby 
Hall,  and,  at  nearly  the  same  time,  we 
are  to  destroy  the  church  connected  with 
it.  No  one  can  enter  the  church  of 
St.  Helen's  without  reverential  feelings. 
Here  are  the  altar-tomb  and  recumbent 
figures  of  Sir  John  Crosby,  the  builder 
of  the  hall,  and  his  lady ;  the  monument 
of  Sir  William  Pickering,  who  died  in 
1542 ;  an  altar-tomb  covered  with  a  marble 
slab,  inscribed,  '*  Sir  Thomas  Gresham, 
Knight,  bury*  Decern*"  15,  1579,*'  and 
the  monument  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  Privy 
Counsellor  to  King  James  the  First.  Are 
we  to  destroy  the  church  now  standing  in 
Cornhill,  and  build  over  the  ground  on 
which  **  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God 
c.Lxxix.  Lucius  the  first  Christian  king 
of  this  land,  then  called  Britain,  founded 
the  first  church  in  London,  that  is  to  say, 
the  church  of  St.  Peter  upon  Cornhill;'* 
and  who  "  founded  there  an  archbishop *8 
see,  and  made  that  church  the  metropo- 
litan and  chief  church  of  the  kingdom. 


M 


Other  churches  might  be  particularly  re- 
ferred to,  but  it  is  scarcely  possible  to 
imagine  that  our  Legislature  will  allow 
these  buildings  and  the  ground  which  has 
been  kept  sacred  since  the  Fire  to  be 
brought  to  the  hammer.  We  cannot  ex- 
pect parties  to  build  churches  or  to  sub- 
scribe to  the  erection  of  them,  to  the 
erection  of  monuments  or  memorial  win- 
dows, when  they  cannot  be  sure  but  that 
they  may  afterwards  be  put  up  to  sale, 
and  applied  to  secular  objects. 

Assuming  that  all  the  churches  now 
existing  in  London  and  the  ministers  ap- 
pointed to  them  are  not  now  required, 
there  can  really  be  little  difficulty  in 
making  arrangements  for  alternate  services 
in  some  of  the  former,  and  the  removal  of 
some  of  the  latter  to  other  fields  of  labour. 
With  respect  to  alternate  services,  it  must 
be  borne  in  mind  that  the  churches  are  at 
no  great  distance  apart,  that  one  set  of 
officers  could  do  duty  at  two,  and  the  in- 
convenience to  the  congregations  would  be 
but  little  (if  any  at  all)  in  many  churches. 
In  the  country  there  are  alternate  servicei 
in  churches  which  are  at  a  distance  apart. 
If  this  course  were  adopted,  it  would  be 
necessary  to  make  some  provision  for  the 
repairs ;  the  expense  of  these  would  not  be 
great,  and  there  would  be  found  few 
parishes  in  which  the  parishioners  would 
not  be  willing  to  keep  their  church  on  thii 
condition.  Let  us  not  destroy  throughout 
all  our  large  cities  and  towns  the  monu- 
ments of  the  piety  of  our  forefathers— 
we  should  preserve  these  temples,  which 
are  '*  the  honour  of  our  native  place*'  and 
**  the  bulwarks  of  our  land.*'  Bishop 
Blomfield  eulogises  the  view  from  the 
summit  of  St.  Paul's,  and  the  Rev.  Rich- 
ard Hooper  in  his  "  Plea  for  the  Citv 
Churches"  (See  Notes  and  Queries,  1854, 
p.  51,)  says,  "  A  walk  in  the  city  may  be 
as  instructive  and  as  good  a  core  for  me- 
lancholy as  the  charming  country.  An  old 
city  church  can  tell  its  tale,  and  a  good 
one  too.  We  thought  of  the  quaint  old 
monuments,  handed  down  from  older 
churches  'tis  true,  but  still  over  the  slum- 
bering ashes  of  our  forefathers,  and  when 
the  thought  of  the  destroying  hand  that 
hung  over  them  arose,  amid  many  asso* 
ciations,  the  Bard  of  Avon's  fearful  monu- 
mental denunciation  came  to  our  aid. 
Blest  be  the  man  that  spares  these  stones, 
And  curst  bo  he  that  moves  these  bones.'* 
It  may  be  added,  that  the  effect  which 
the  contemplated  great  destruction  of 
churches  in  this  country — the  stronghold 
of  Protestantism — may  have  in  the  world, 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  alluded  to  by 
the  promoters  of  the  measure.  It  may 
deserve  some  consideration. 

Yours,  &c.    J.  Di  B. 


600 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urbane 


[Jun^ 


Thk  Bkitisu  Museum  Library. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  your  **  Minor  Cor- 
respondence''  for  the  present  month,  I 
observe  the  following  passage. 

"To  H.  T.  who  asks  whether  it  is  not 
extraordinary  that  so  important  a  work  as 
Dulaure^s  History  of  Paris  is  not  to  be 
found  in  the  library  of  the  British  Museum, 
we  can  only  reply  that  the  deficiencies  of 
the  collection  are  still  very  manifest.*' 

From  the  wording  of  this  sentence,  a 
reader  would  probably  infer  that  U.  T.'s 
complaint  was  well  grounded;  but  if  so  he 
would  be  entirely  mistaken.  1  felt  pretty 
confident  that  I  had  consulted  Dulaure's 
History  at  the  Museum  many  years  ago, 
and  on  referring  to  the  Catalogue  I  found 
the  following  entries. 

"  575  h.]  Dulaure  (Jacq.  Ant.)  Histoire 
physique  civile  et  morale  de  Paris.  1 1  Tom. 
8vo.     Par.  1829. 

**575  h.]  Atlas.     4to.     Par.  1829." 

1  found  also  another  work  on  a  nearly 
related  subject  by  the  same  author. 

**575  h.]  Dulaure  (Jacq.  Ant.)  Histoire 

Physique,  civile  et  morale  des  environs  de 
aris.  7  tom.  8vo.  Paris,  1825-8." 
To  both  of  these  books  I  observed  an 
old  press-mark  (Gal.  4  B  B  e),  drawn 
through  with  the  pen,  which  shews  that 
the  works  were  in  the  Museum  library 
when  it  was  located  in  old  Montague 
House,  now  many  years  ago.  In  short, 
there  appears  in  this  case  to  have  been  an 
oversight,  but  not  on  the  part  of  the  Mu- 
seum authorities. 

Permit  me  to  take  this  opportunity  of 
correcting  another  oversight  with  regard 
to  the  same  establishment.  In  the  me- 
moir of  Count  Pompeo  Litta,  inserted  in 
the  Gentleman *s  Magazine  for  February, 
1853,  it  is  stated  that  his  magnificent 
work  on  the  genealogies  of  Italian  fami- 
lies was  '*  published  in  parts,  to  the  extent 
of  about  five  large  folios,"  and  to  this  a 
note  is  appended:  **  Qu. ? — ^^^'^e  have 
looked  at  the  copy  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  it  consists  of  twelve  fasciculi, 
which  are  all  bound  in  one  folio  volume." 
I  see  that  in  the  Museum  Catalogue  more 
than  forty  fasciculi  are  mentioned,  and  I 
am  certain  that  when  I  looked  at  the  Mu- 
seum copy,  when  the  work  was  still  going 
on,  in  Count  Litta's  lifetime,  it  consisted 
of  four  or  five  folio  volumes.  These  are 
trifles,  but  even  in  trifles  it  is  worth  while 
to  be  correct.  A  statement  of  this  kind 
produces  9u  impression  to  the  disadvantage 
of  the  Museum  officials  which  it  is  not 
right  they  should  labour  under,  when  it  is 
not  in  consonance  with  facts. 

To  return  to  the  Minor  Correspondence. 
You  proceed  to  remark  of  U\e  Mxxaeum, 


5 


that,  '*  though  vast  qatntitiea  of  forei|i 
works  have  been  added  of  late  yean,  the 
mass  is  not  of  the  most  useful  descrtptioii, 
which  seems  to  shew  that  the  purchaxs 
acquired  have  been  rather  incidental  and  in 
wholesale  quantities  than  discriminative." 
It  is  somewhat  singular  that  in  the  voy 
opposite  page,  in  the  review  of  the  BaroDen 
Blaze  de  Bury*8  Memoirs  of  the  Prineen 
Palatine  of  Bohemia,  the  critic  remarks 
that  the  book  contains  "some  valuable 
and  interesting  details  respecting  the  greit 
hero  of  the  house  of  Orange,  principally 
derived  from  a  work  entitled  'Arcnivei 
of  the  House  of  Orange,*  published  nnder 
the  authority  of  the  King  of  Holland,  ind 
as  yet  but  little  known  in  this  country." 
Little  known  as  it  is,  that  work,  sad 
hundreds  of  other  Dutch  publications,  ia 
Dutch  and  French,  bearing  on  the  history 
of  England,  have  been  for  years  on  tbie 
shelves  of  the  British  Museum.  In&et, 
I  happen  to  know  that  the  chief  Dutch 
periodicals  for  some  years  past  have  been 
gone  through  by  one  of  the  officials  of  the 
library,  to  ascertain  which  of  the  works 
reviewed  in  them  were  of  sufficient  vahe 
to  be  added  to  its  stores. 

The  notice  in  the  Minor  Correspondeoee 
concludes  with  a  lament  that  so  many 
English  works  are  still  wanting  at  the 
Museum,  of  which  two  are  pointed  oat  ia 
particular.  One  of  these,  a  book  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Pennington^s,  published  ia 
1809,  I  was  not  surprised  at, — hundreds 
and  thousands  of  English  works  issued  ia 
the  early  part  of  the  present  century  were 
kept  out  of  the  Museum  by  the  operatioa 
of  two  continued  causes,  one  that  the 
Copyright  Act  was  not  enforced,  the  other 
that  English  books  were  not  purchased. 
But  the  second  instance  was  more  remark- 
able. The  title  is  given  thus  (at  p.  551 
of  your  last  number),  *<  A  Journey  into 
various  parts  of  Europe,  and  a  Residenoe 
in  them  during  the  years  1818, 1819, 1828, 
and  1841.'*  If  the  dates  were  correct,  it 
was  evident  that  this  work  must  have  beo 
published  since  1841,  and  for  some  tioie 
before  that  period  an  increased  activity  oa 
the  part  of  the  Museum  collectors  had 
made  it  somewhat  difficult  for  a  sabstantial 
publication  in  two  octavo  volumes  issued 
in  London  to  pass  unclaimed.  I  have  the 
work  now  before  me,  and  it  turns  out  that 
my  suspicions  were  well-founded.  Fior 
"  1828  and  1841**  read  **  1820  and  1821  •,•• 
the  date  of  publication  is  1825.  Unless 
I  am  much  mistaken,  the  '*  obituarists^*  of 
the  Gentleman's  Magazine  will  find  no 
occasion  to  make  complaint  of  the  want 
oC  any  similar  publication  of  twenty  yctn 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


601 


later,  and  possibly  at  some  future  period 
it  may  be  thought  that  the  officials  who 
subjected  themselves  to  trouble  and  ex- 
posed themselves  to  obloquy  to  obtain  this 


result,  are  after  all  not  deserving  of  nnmi* 
tigated  censure. 

Yours  y  &c. 

Lector. 


The  late  Master  of  Shirburn  Hospital. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  your  memoir  of  that 
able  divine  and  excellent  man,  the  late  Mr. 
Faber,  published  in  your  May  magazine, 
the  date  of  his  Sermon  on  Episcopal  Ordi- 
nation should  have  been  1802  (not  1801) ; 
and  the  date  of  his  Thoughts  on  the  Ar- 
minian  and  Calvinistic  Controversy  should 
have  been  1803. 

Did  not  Mr.  Faber  publish  a  pamphlet 
or  pamphlets  in  controversy  with  Bishop 
Bethell  on  the  Efficacy  of  Baptism,  of 
which  there  is  no  notice  in  that  memoir  ? 

His  Provincial  Letters  (2  thin  vols. 
Painter,  1844,  the  date  of  the  2nd  edition) 
are  not  mentioned. 

The  late  Master  of  Sherburn  Hospital 
was  a  descendant  of  French  refugees,  who 
came  over  into  England  on  the  revocation 
of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  Whatever  ex- 
pectation he  might  entertain,  he  received 
from  Bishop  Horsley  no  substantial  evi- 
dence of  his  lordship's  good  will  in  the 
shape  of  ecclesiastical  preferment.  But, 
by  his  morriage,  Mr.  Faber  became  ac- 
quainted with  Bishop  Barrington,  whose 
conscientious  disposal  of  preferment,  and 
whose  introduction  into  his  diocese  of 
eminent  divines,  was  proverbial.  That 
worthy  prelate,  as  stated  in  the  obituary, 
became  his  steady  patron.  When  Vicar  of 
Redmarshall,  I  believe,  the  Bishop  offered 
him  u  second  living.  That  offer  Mr. 
Faber  respectfully  declined,  on  the  ground 
that  he  could  not  reconcile  plurality  to 
his  conscience.  Bishop  Barrington  was 
too  good  a  man  to  take  offence.  His 
virtual  answer  was,  that  he  hoped  such 
conscientiousness  would  be  no  injury  to 
Mr.  Faber,  either  in  this  world  or  in  the 
next ;  and,  in  1811,  his  patron  translated 
Mr.  Faber  from  Redmarshall  to  Long- 
new  ton. 

Bishop  Van  Mildert  exercised  sound 
judgment  and  discernment  when  he  pre- 
sented Mr.  Faber  to  Sherburn  Hospital. 
Some  good-natured  go-between  wished,  at 
the  time,  to  shake  the  Bishop's  favourable 
opinion  of  Mr.  Faber.  The  Bishop's 
answer  was,  ^*  1  am  well  aware  myself  and 
Mr.  Faber  do  not  think  exactly  alike  on 


all  theological  points ;  but  that  is  no 
reason  why  he  should  be  debarred  from 
preferment,  which  he  so  justly  merits.^* 
An  honourable  sentiment,  not  a  little  in 
advance  of  the  day  in  which  it  was 
uttered,  and  fully  justified  by  Mr.  Faber*s 
conduct  through  the  one-and-twenty  years 
during  which  he  presided  over  Sherburn 
Hospital. 

For  the  **  otium  cum  dignitate  "  was 
not  made  by  him  any  pretext  for  theologi- 
cal or  literary  indolence;  and,  perhaps, 
no  preceding  Master  had  so  generously 
and  so  conscientiously  devoted  a  very 
considerable  part  of  the  income  of  hia 
mastership  to  the  permanent  improvement 
of  the  Hospital  estates,  and  to  the  comfort 
of  his  successors.  Wherever  Mr.  Faber 
had  been  located,  the  improved  condition 
of  the  parsonage  houses  evidenced  that  he 
did  not  merely  **  seek  his  own  things.*' 
He  found  the  Hospital  and  Estates  of 
Sherburn  neglected  and  dilapidated,  he 
left  them  in  an  honourably  different  state : 
augmented  incomes  to  the  incumbents  of 
livings  under  his  patronage  ;  the  chancels 
of  their  churches  restored  ;  agricultural 
buildings  erected  on  the  farms;  the  chapel , 
house,  and  offices  rebuilt;  the  grounds 
greatly  improved  ;  these  things  bear  evi- 
dence to  the  generous  conscientiousness 
of  the  late  Master  of  Sherburn  Hospital. 
And  though  we  think  a  copying  of  the 
patch-work  architecture  of  different  dates 
in  the  restoration  of  the  chapel,  and  the 
erection  of  the  house  and  offices  in  the 
Grecian  or  Palladian  styles,  to  have  been 
no  small  mistakes,  still  these  fabrics  will 
long  bear  their  testimony  that  Mr.  Faber 
had  far  too  noble  a  mind  to  "  live  unto 
himself."  Even  those  who  the  most 
widely  differed  from  him  on  matters  of 
architectural  taste,  must  now  readily  allow 
to  the  late  Master  of  Sherburn  Hospital 
the  higher  meed,  that  as  a  good  steward 
and  faithful  Master  he  justly  deserves  to 
be  called  '*  a  repairer  of  the  breach,  the 
restorer  of  paths  to  dwell  in." 

Yours,  &c.     E.  W.  S. 

May  5t\th,  1854. 


Original  Letter  and  Anecdotes  of  Admiral  Vbrnon. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  the  second  volume 
of  the  "Philological  Museum,"  1833  (p. 
703),  there  is  an  ingenious  essay,  entitled 
"  Cleon  and  Admiral  Vernon,"  which  has 
since  been  copied  into  Malkin's  *'  Histo- 
rical  Parallels,"   1835,  vol.  ii.  chap,  5. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


The  writer  justly  observes  that  the  con- 
queror of  Porto  Bello  failed  as  admiral  on 
the  West  India  station,  "thus  showing 
that  a  coup  de  main,  whether  in  politics 
or  war,  though  it  often  succeeds  most  sig- 
nally, is  no  saife  evidence  of  general  ability.^' 

4H 


60^ 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  tlrhul^. 


[Joiw^ 


(p.  ?39.)  Our  historians  are  agreed  in 
representing  Vernon  as  a  man  of  more 
courage  than  experience,  and  of  more  bold- 
ness than  talent,  which  may  be  admitted 
compatibly  with  a  reasonable  amount  of 
praise. 

1  have  an  unpublished  letter  from  Ad- 
miral Vernon  to  his  cousin,  Thomas  Ver- 
non, Esq.  of  Bristol,  of  which  I  transcribe 
a  portion,  omitting  what  is  purely  personal, 
as  it  was  written  at  the  time  of  a  severe 
affliction  in  his  relative's  family. 

"  Nacton,  September  6th,  1744. 

'*  Sir, —  I  should  sooner  have  acknow- 
ledged your  letter  of  the  23d  past,  but 
that  1  am  just  returned  from  a  progress  I 
have  been  making  with  my  son  among  our 
tenants.  I  heartily  condole  with  you  .  .  . 
and  hope  you  will  have  that  regard  for 
your  self,  and  your  Spouse,  as  not  to  sacri- 
fice your  Health,  and  your  Busyness  to  a 
calamity  ...  I  assure  you,  1  have  the 
same  good  oppinion  of  your  Nephew  that 
you  have  .  .  .  and  I  shall  always  have  a  plea- 
sure in  doing  [him]  any  good  offices  in  my 
power  .  .  .  But  you  know  very  well,  how 
little  that  may  be;  for  one  who  finds  him- 
self under  the  persecution  of  an  A n* 

for  being  tof  sincere  a  Protestant,  to 
■wallow  the  favourite  Doctrine  of  Implicit 

faith  in  M rs^  the  only  thing  1  can 

conceive  they  have  to  lay  to  my  charge. 

"  But  should  any  incident  call  me  to 
any  future  command  at  sea,  which  the  ill 
treatment  1  have  met  with  can  give  me 
little  Inclination  to;  you  may  assure  your 
self  I  should  have  a  sincere  pleasure  in 
placing  your  worthy  Nephew  suitable  to 
his  merit,  and  forwarding  him  in  any  good 
offices  in  my  power. 

"  With  my  best  wishes  for  your  perfect 
recovery  of  your  health ;  and  Services  to 
Mrs.  Vernon  and  you,  I  am, 
«  Sir, 

*'  Your  most  obedient 
''  humble  servant, 

**E.  Vkrnon." 

"  For  Thomas  Vernon,  i:sqr.  Coun- 
cvlour  at  Law,  at  Iii»  lumse,  upon 
Colled^*  (Jrccn,  Urist.ill,  Sonicr- 
Kctflhire. 
"  frco.    E.  Vernon." 

Thomas  Vernon,  to  whom  this  letter 
was  addressed,  was  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
but  practised  as  a  provincial  barrister  at 
Bristol.  He  was  counsel  for  the  Crown 
at  the  trial  of  Ca])tain  Goodcro  in  ]  74U 
for  the  murder  of  his  brother,  Sir  John 
Dinoly  Gooderc.  Tlie  prisoner  hud  the 
effrontery  to  offer  him  an  orange  in  court, 
which  he  declined,  under  a  suspicion  that 


it  might  be  poisoned.  Adminl  Teman 
stayed  several  days  at  his  house  after  liii 
return  from  Porto  Bello,  when  he  wu 
obliged  to  go  out  and  show  himself  to  At 
people,  who  crowded  round  the  house  to 
see  him. 

The  langaage  of  Admiral  Temoa*! 
letter  shows,  tluit  his  share  in  the  lUhn 
at  Carthagena  bad  not  taaght  him  silenoe, 
and  that  he  unreasonably  expected  to  be 
employed  by  a  ministnr  against  whom  k 
was  constantly  declaiming.  It  should  bft 
added,  with  refBrence  to  the  promise  ex- 
pressed in  this  letter,  that  when  he  wu 
afterwards  employed,  during  the  nbelUoa 
in  1 745,  in  defending  the  coasta  of  Kcttt 
and  Sussex,  he  took  out  two  of  his  it- 
lative^s  nephews  in  his  ship. 

Perhaps,  Mr.  Urban,  there  is  a  tn- 
dency  in  persons  who  have  performed  sai 
brilliant  action  to  overrate  their  own  ia- 
portance.  The  defeat  of  the  French  ooom 
m  Flanders  in  1708  by  General  Wm 
(which  was  represented  in  tapestry  K 
Stowe),  intoxicated  him  to  anch  a  d«ne 
that  he  was  perpetually  talking  of  IL 
Speaker  Onslow  mentionay  in  one  of  Mi 
MS.  notes  on  Burnetts  "  Own  Time,"  tktf 
the  Duke  of  Argyle,  '*  who  had  heaid  il 
from  him  twenty  times  before,"  told  b^ 
he  wished  he  had  been  wounded  in  hh 
tongue,  '*  for  then  everybody  else  woriA 
have  talked  of  your  action.*'  (Gd.  Ona., 
1822,  vol  V.  p.  367.) 

Horace  Walpole  has  fonnd  ■t|<i#fc^ 
parallel  to  Admiral  Vernon  in  Wilkfli. 
Writing  to  Sir  Horace  Mann,  Maith  SI, 
17G8,  he  says,  <'  In  my  own  opinion,  thi 
House  of  Commons  is  the  place  wliere  hi 
can  do  least  hurt,  for  he  is  a  wretAil 
speaker,  and  will  sink  to  contempt,  Uli 
Admiral  Vernon,  who  I  remember  j«it 
such  an  illuminated  hero,  with  two  bmh- 
days  in  one  vear.  You  will  say,  he  cm 
write  better  than  Vernon — true ;  and  thfW- 
fore  his  case  is  more  desperate.  ¥lff<^|f^ 
Vernon  was  rich :  Wilkes  is  undone  s  and 
though  he  has  had  great  support,  hia  pa- 
trons will  be  sick  of  maintaining  hin!*^ 
(Letters  to  Sir  H.  M.,  conclndins  Serim. 
vol.  i.  p.  383.) 

Horace  Walpole  did  not  foresee  ♦>— * 
Wilkes  had  tact  enough  to  avoid  a  fall  hf 
bringing  his  career  to  a  close  in  a  lucriliit 
appointment.  But  Vernon  had  tlie  medt 
of  disinterestedness,  and  of  a  better  privatd 
character. 

Of  different  hi>torian8,  Voltaire  in  hip 
'*  Siccio  de   Louis  XV."   (chap.  8)  apF 
pears  to  be  the  most  favourable  to  Vemoo, 
in  estimating  the  result  of  the  taking  of 


*  Admini.stration.     He  seems  to  have  written /prosecution  just  before,  and  altered  it 
into/;ersecution. 
t  So  in  MS,  for  too.  J  Ministers. 


1854.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


603 


Porto  Bcllo.  But  is  he  correct  in  what 
follows  ?  for  if  so  his  account  is  curious 
and  instructive.  The  English,  he  says, 
were  so  sanguine  in  expecting  Carthagena 
to  be  taken  also,  that  they  celebrated  its 
imagined  surrender  as  if  it  had  already 
happened  : — "  De  sorte  que,  dans  le  temps 
m^me  que  Vernon  en  levait  le  siege,  lis 
firent  frapper  unc  m^daille  oU  Ton  voyait 
le  port  et  les  environs  de  Carthagene, 
avec  cette  legende :  11  a  pris  Carthag^ne, 
Le  revers  representait  I'amiral  Vernon, 
et  on  y  lisait  cos  mots  : — Au  vengeur  de 
sa  patrie.  11  y  a  beaucoup  d'exemples  de 
ces  raedailles  pr^matur^es  qui  trompe- 
raient  la  posterite,  si  I'histoire,  plus  fiddle 
et  plus  exacte,  ne  pr^venait  pas  de  telles 
erreurs."  I  have  two  brass  medals  of 
different  sizes,  struck  in  commemoration 
of  the  former  successful  attack.  On  the 
obverse  is  his  portrait,  half-length  on  the 
smaller  medal,  and  whole-length  on  the 
larger  one,  with  the  words — *'  The  British 
Glory  reviv'd  by  Admiral  Vernon."  On 
the  reverse  is  a  view  of  the  fort,  with  six 
ships  before  it,  and  the  words — *'  He  took 
Porto  Bello  with  six  ships  only,  Nov.  32, 


1739.''  The  larger  one  has  a  hole  in  it, 
and  seems  to  have  been  worn  by  one  of 
the  family,  and  the  figures  have  been  par- 
tially effaced  by  the  friction.* 

There  is  a  '*  Histoire  de  la  Colombie/' 
by  M.  Lallement,  Paris,  1826,  which  I 
mention  to  show  how  superficially  history 
is  sometimes  written.  It  passes  over  the 
two  expeditions  against  Porto  Bello  and 
Carthagena  in  these  words :  **  Les  An- 
glais mena9aient  fr<^quemment  les  ports  de 
Pouest,  et  leurs  tentatives,  repousses, 
laissaient  toujoors  sur  ces  bords  des  rela- 
tions europ^ennes/'  (p.  50.)  The  ex- 
ploits of  the  buccaneers,  in  which  Car- 
thagena had  its  share,  are  omitted,  as  it 
also  the  disastrous  attempt  of  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  on  the  easterly  settlements.  It  is 
not  by  such  histories  that  the  mistakes 
commemorated  by  Voltaire  are  corrected. 

P.S. — Can  any  of  your  Correspondents 
famish  me  with  the  parentage  of  Thomas 
Vernon,  and  his  relationship  to  the  Ad- 
miral, whom  I  have  called  his  cousin  from 
family  tradition  ? 

Yours,  &c.  J.  T.  M. 


Oversights  of  Schiller  and  Suakspere. 


Ali«iuaudo  bonus  donnitat. 

Mr.  Urkan, — In  reading  the  other  day 
Schiller's  William  Tell  I  was  surprised  to 
find  the  effect  of  one  of  the  finest  passages 
in  the  drama  marred  by  the  introduction 
of  a  feature  which  seems  entirely  at  vari- 
ance with  the  tenor  of  the  whole. 

The  hero  of  the  piece  is  lying  in  ambush 
awaiting  the  coming  of  Gessler  with  a 
view  to  assassinate  him,  and,  while  con- 
templating the  path  by  which  his  victim  is 
approaching,  he  breaks  out  into  the  fol- 
lowing soliloquy : 

Hicr  geht 
Der  sor^cn voile  Kauffuiann,  und  dcr  leiclit 
riesilmrztc  Pilger  -der  undiielit'gc  Monch, 
D<T  iliistre  Iiitufnt'—unA  der  heitre  Spielmann, 
Dcr  Saiiracr  mit  der  bchwcr  Ijelad'nen  Iloss 
Der  for  no  licrkommt  von  dcr  Munschcn  LUndein, 
Dcnn  je<lo  Stras«>c  fulirt  an'«  End  der  Welt. 
Sic  alio  Ziehen  ihrc.s  Wcjfes  fort 
An  ihr  CJcschait-  und  mcines  ist  der  Mord. 

Now  we  may  ask,  Why  is  the  "  gloomy 
robber ' '  introduced  here  ?  the  train  of 
thought  in  William  Tell's  mind  appears 
to  be  this  :  All  other  men  are  abroad  on 
their  lawful  labour  or  business — 1  alone 


for  an  ill  purpose,  that  of  murder.  Now, 
to  bring  out  this  idea  effectively,  it 
would  surely  have  been  advisable  to  sap- 
press  all  thought  of  the  "  gloomy  rob- 
ber," Jiowevcr  probable  it  might  be  that 
he  would  be  found  on  the  road,  as  well 
as  the  pious  monk  and  the  rest. 

A  similar  oversight  in  Shakspere  occurs 
to  me.    The  fallen  Wolsey  is  dehorting 
Cromwell  from  the  fault  by  which  he  him- 
self has  forfeited  his  happiness. 
Cromwell,  I  charge  thee,  fling  away  ambition ; 
By  that  sin  fell  the  angels ;  how  can  man  then, 
The  imaoe  qfMs  Maker ^  hope  to  win  by  't  ? 

Here  the  argument  seems  to  be,  Lofty 
aspirations  were  the  cause  of  the  fall  of  the 
angels ;  much  more  then  are  they  unsoited 
to  man,  a  being  so  much  lower  in  the 
scale  of  creation.  Here  then  we  should 
expect  that  the  epithet  appended  to  maa 
would  be  expressive  of  bis  weakness  and 
mortality,  or  at  all  events  of  his  inferi- 
ority to  the  angels,  whereas  the  epithet 
we  really  have  presents  him  in  the  very 
highest  view  in  which  he  can  possibly  ap- 
pear, the  image  qfhie  Maker. 

Yours,  &c.  F.  J.  V. 


*  There  is  a  half-sheet  mezzotinto  of  Admiral  Vernon,  by  Faber,  dedicated  to  the 
Lord  Mayor,  &c.  of  London,  and  dated  1740,  the  time  when  his  popularity  was  tt  its 

height. 


604 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

The  Cry.>t.il  Palace  at  Syilcnham  -  ;Meiuorial  of  the  Great  Kxliibition  of  l».Sl— Trade  Maseum-  Scotij»h 
Industrial  Museum  -Chelmsford  Museum— British  Museum— Uoyal  Society-  Anniversarie*  of  the 
Jtoyal  Geop:raphical,  Zoological,  and  Microscopical  Societies— Inaugiirativc  Meetings  of  the  Bristol 
jind  Surrey  Archfcological  Societies— Cambridge  Meeting  of  the  Archaeological  Institute — Suawx 
Archaeological  Society— Archa'ological  and  Architectural  ileetlng  at  Leicester— Camden  Society— 
Shakespcre  Society— TljePhilobiblon— Anniversaries  of  the  Literary  Fund  Society,  rrintcrs*  Pen- 
sion Society,  and  Artists*  IJcnevolent  Fund— The  Art  Union— London  Statues— Wellington  Monu- 
ment at  Guildhall— Vacant  space  near  St.  Paul's  Cathedral— Lord  Charles  Townshcnd's  Pictures 
— Hogarth's  portrait  of  Mr^.  <iarrick  —  French  Pictures— Panorama  of  Berlin  —  llostoration  of 
Brighton  Parish  Church— Swaflfhara  Church— Foreign  Literary  Intelligence. 


Announcements  are  made  that  the 
Crystal  Palace  at  Sydenham  will  be 
opened  with  a  fitting  ceremonial  on  the 
10th  of  June.  Her  Majesty,  it  is  said, 
will  assist  at  the  inauguration ;  and  the 
directors,  we  understand,  have  resolved  to 
issue  cards  of  invitation  to  the  presidents 
and  vice-presidents  of  all  the  learned 
societies — to  the  dignitaries  of  the  univer- 
sities— to  the  mayors  of  all  municipal  towns 
—and  to  other  classes  of  persons,  in  a  pro- 
bable aggregate  of  from  twenty  to  thirty 
thousand  persons.  The  Governments  of 
France,  Belgium,  and  Prussia,  and  the 
other  principal  foreign  powers,  have  inti- 
mated their  intention  of  sending  commis- 
sioners. To  assist  in  the  musical  arrange- 
ments, 1000  performers  of  the  Sacred 
Harmonic  and  New  Philharmonic  Societies 
have  volunteered  their  gratuitous  services. 

Although  a  considerable  time  must 
elapse  before  the  Crystal  Palace  can  be 
called  complete,  and  some  years  before  it 
reaches  perfection,  there  is  already  suffi- 
cient attraction  to  require  many  visits  to 
do  justice  to  the  objects  of  interest  pre- 
sented. The  Assyrian,  Egyptian,  Greek, 
Roman,  Pompeian,  and  Alhambra  courts 
are  perfect  re-productions  of  the  finest  spe- 
cimens of  work  of  their  respective  styles. 
The  Byzantine,  Gothic,  and  Renaissance 
courts  also  present  a  collection  of  some  of 
the  most  beautiful  works  of  medieval  art, 
though  wanting  in  the  unity  of  design 
whicli  pervades  the  other  divisions.  One 
of  the  finest  effects  in  the  building  is  that 
of  the  pair  of  colossal  Egyptian  figures, 
with  the  avenue  of  sphinxes,  in  the  tran- 
septs at  the  northern  end.  Casts  of  the 
highest  works  of  ancient  sculpture,  scru- 
pulously made  from  the  originals  in  what- 
ever part  of  the  world  they  may  be,  orna- 
ment the  avenues  of  the  nave,  and,  with 
fountains  and  fiowers,  will  present  a  pro- 
spect under  the  magnificent  arched  roof 
certainly  never  before  equalled  in  any 
building.  At  the  southern  end,  among 
tropical  plants,  will  be  seen  a  collection  of 
models  of  savage  tribes  of  various  parts  of 
the  world,  forming  an  iaUreftUui^  V\\u«\.tv 


tion  of  ethnological  science;  and  oa  an 
island  in  a  lake  in  the  gardens  are  the 
results  of  an  attempt  to  re-produce  in  form 
and  appearance,  as  they  walked  the  earth, 
the  strange  and  gigantic  forms  of  the 
animals  whose  existence  has  been  re?ealed 
to  us  by  geological  investigation,  and 
whose  shape,  nature,  and  habits  have  been 
deciphered  from  the  most  inconsiderable 
remains  by  the  diligence  of  comparative 
anatomists.  The  industrial  portion  of  the 
collection  is  not  in  so  forward  a  state,  but 
will  not  be  neglected,  although  forming 
here  but  a  secondary,  instead  of  as  in 
Hyde  Park  the  principal,  feature  of  the 
Exhibition. 

The  subscribers  to  the  Memorial  qfthe 
Great  Exhibition  o/'1851  having  commu- 
nicated to  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert  a  report 
of  their  proceedings,  soliciting  his  Royal 
Highness's  counsel  **as  to  the  best  mode 
of  transmitting  to  posterity  a  memorial  of 
that  great  event,"  the  Prince  has  replied 
by  his  secretary,  the  Hon.  Charles  Grey, 
suggesting  that  "  it  might  probably  be 
done  by  the  endowment  of  one  or  more 
professorships ;  by  the  institution  of  pe- 
riodical exhibitions;  by  the  purchase  of 
fine  works  of  art  for  the  national  museums; 
or  by  the  endowment  of  prizes  for  specific 
objects.  But  that  which  strikes  his  Royal 
Highness  at  this  moment  as  the  simplest 
and  most  effectual  method,  would  be  to 
found  Scholarships,  as  prizes  for  profi- 
ciency in  certain  branches  of  study  con- 
nected with  art  and  science.  These  might 
be  travelling  scholarships,  and  if  the  sum 
subscribed  should  amount  to  10,000/.  the 
interest  would  be  sufficient  to  found  four, 
or  one  for  each  of  the  four  great  classes 
into  which  the  Exhibition  was  divided, 
while  by  this  means  also  the  connection 
between  our  efforts  in  art  and  science,  and 
those  of  other  nations,  would  be  main- 
tained." The  letter  concludes  with  re- 
marking that  the  Prince  would  be  glad 
to  find  that  the  plan  adopted  was  one 
towards  which  his  Royal  Highness  would 
be  enabled  himself  to  have  the  pleasure  of 
^u\.t^M\;\xk%\  IVikNA  \}ttttiDg  «  negatiTe  to 


1854.  J 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


605 


the'proposed  statue  of  the  Prince,  which 
has  occasioned  so  much  difference  of 
opinion. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  com- 
mittee of  Lloyd's  were  foremost  in  1851 
in  urging  on  the  Royal  Commission  the 
importance  of  establishing  a  Trade  Mu- 
scurrij  and  in  pointing  out  its  use  to  the 
merchants  and  manufacturers  of  the  city 
of  London.  The  committee  have  now 
transmitted  a  circular  to  their  agents  all 
over  the  world,  expressing  a  hope  that  they 
may  be  able  to  aid  in  the  collection.  The 
Lords  of  the  Treasury  have  issued  instruc- 
tions to  the  Commissioners  of  Customs  to 
pass  direct  to  the  house  of  the  Society  of 
Arts  all  packages  containing  specimens  for 
the  museum,  to  be  there  delivered  free  of 
duty.  Promises  of  aid  and  co-operation 
in  the  formation  of  the  museum  have  also 
been  made  by  the  Highland  and  Agricul- 
tural Society  of  Scotland,  the  Royal  Scot- 
tish Society  of  Arts,  and  the  Zoological 
Society  of  London. 

Goveniment  has  decided  to  propose  a 
grant  of  7000/.  for  the  purchase  of  a  site 
for  the  Scoiish  Industrial  Museum  to  be 
established  at  Edinburgh.  The  site  fixed 
on  is  a  piece  of  ground  behind  the  college, 
at  present  occupied  by  a  chapel  and  one 
of  the  hospitals.  The  College  Museum 
will  be  coded  by  the  town  council  to  the 
new  museum,  and  the  whole  placed  under 
the  superintendence  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 

It  is  gratifying  to  observe  in  the  pro* 
\incial  papers  the  constant  accessions 
which  arc  made  to  the  stores  of  the  local 
muse  ft  JUS  established  throughout  the  coun- 
try, and  the  increased  attention  which  is 
consecjuently  paid  to  objects  of  scientific 
and  antiquarian  interest.  Wherever  a  com- 
Huxlious  receptacle  is  formed  for  such  col- 
lections, there  is  generally  no  deficiency  of 
contributions  from  neighbours  and  friends, 
who  arc  glad  to  place  their  dormant  and 
latent  curiosities  in  a  position  where  they 
may  be  at  once  preserved  and  admired. 
The  town  of  Chelm^ord  was  one  of  the 
first  to  establish  such  a  museum,  which 
was  set  on  foot  nearly  twenty  years  ago  by 
the  zt'al  and  energy  of  Mr.  T.  C.  Neale, 
of  Springfield;  and  we  are  glad  to  observe 
that  he  does  not  now  desert  the  creation 
of  his  persevering  efforts.  The  season  of 
the  Chelmsford  Philosophical  Society  has 
been  opened  by  a  lecture  on  Fossil  Re- 
mains given  by  Mr.  Neale,  which  was 
illustrated  by  the  specimens  now  collected 
in  the  museum,  and  by  others  found  in 
various  places  in  the  county,  as  well  as  by 
some  fine  specimens  sent  by  Mr.  W.  D. 
Saull,  F.G.S. 

A  report  of  the  income,  expenditure, 
aj»d  general  progress  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum, for  the  year  ending  31st  Marcb| 


1854,  shows  that  the  gross  expenditure  on 
Parliamentary  grants  is  70,203/.  15«.  2<i., 
of  which  1,112/.  159.  9</.  has  gone  for 
excavations  in  Assyria  and  transport  of 
marbles.  The  items  of  expenditure  on  the 
Bridgewater,  Farnborough,  and  Swiney  be- 
questslfor  the  purchase  of  manuscripts,  pro* 
vision  of  lectures,  &c.,  are  respectively — 
669/.5«.2<f.,  243/.15«.8c/.,  and  271/.6«.l<f. 
The  estimated  expenditure-  for  1854 
amounts  to  55,225/.,  while  the  sum 
granted  is  55,840/.  The  number  of  per- 
sons admitted  to  view  the  general  collec- 
tion from  Christmas  1852  to  1853  was 
661,113.  The  number  of  visits  to  the 
reading-room  was  67,794,  to  the  galleries 
of  sculpture  6,518,  to  the  print-room 
3,928.  Ten  pages  of  the  report  are  occu- 
pied by  a  catalogue  of  recent  acquisitions 
and  changes  in  the  arrangements. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  candidates 
for  the  Fellowship  of  the  Royal  Society f 
the  names  of  the  fifteen  recommended  by 
the  Council  for  election  being  printed  in 
italics : — James  AllmaUf  M.D, ;  Henry 
Foster  Baxter,  esq. ;  Edward  William 
Bray  ley  f  esq, ;  Alexander  Bryson,  M.D. ; 
James  Caird,  esq. ;  /.  Lockkart  Clarke^ 
esq, ;  William  Coulson,  esq. ;  Thomas 
Russell  Crampton,  esq. ;  Joseph  Dickin- 
son^  M.D,;  Solomon  Moses  Drach,  esq. ; 
Major  Duckett ;  John  Eric  Erichsen,  esq. ; 
Sir  Charles  Fox  ;  Ronald  Campbell  Gunn, 
esq. ;  William  Bird  Herapath,  M.D. ; 
Robert  Hunt,  esq, ;  John  Bennet  Lowes, 
esq, ;  Edward  Joseph  Lowe,  esq. ;  Robert 
Mallet,  esq. ;  Charles  May,  esq, ;  Captain 
Moore,  R,N, ;  Henry  Perigal,  esq. ;  Cap- 
tain Strachey  ;  R,  D,  Thomson,  esq, ; 
Charles  Vincent  Walker,  esq. ;  Samuel 
Charles  Whitbread,  esq, ;  Robert  Wight, 
M.D.  ;  Thomas  Williams,  M.D.  ;  W,  C. 
Williamson,  esq, ;  George  Fergnssoa  Wil- 
son, esq.  The  number  of  Fellows  deceased 
daring  the  past  year  has  been  twenty -five ; 
consequently  the  Society  is  undergoing  a 
systematic  reduction  of  its  members. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Royal  Geo- 
yraphical  Society  was  held  on  the  23nd  of 
May,  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere  in  the  chair. 
During  the  last  year  112  ordinary  and 
two  corresponding  members  had  been 
added  to  the  society ;  making  tho  total 
number  790  ordinary  and  58  honorary  and 
corresponding  members.  The  financial  po- 
sition of  the  society  was  also  satisfactory ; 
the  ordinary  receipts,  which  in  the  year 
1848  were  only  696/. ;  in  1849,  778/. ;  in 
1850,  1,036/.;  in  1851,  1,056/.;  in  1852, 
1,220/.;  were  in  1853,  1,693/.  Os,  Sd, 
In  extension  of  the  Society's  sphere  of  use- 
fulness. Her  Majesty's  Ministers  have  felt 
themselves  justified  in  tendering  a  yearly 
grant  of  500/.,  in  order  that  an  apartment 
be  provided  in  which  the  society's  valuable 


606 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[June, 


collection  of  maps  aud  charts  may  be  ren- 
dered available  for  public  reference.  This 
proposition  has  been  gratefully  accepted, 
and  the  council  is  now  engaged  upon  the 
preliminaries  requisite  for  carrying  into 
effect  with  the  least  possible  delay  arrange- 
ments in  accordance  with  the  Tre^isury 
minute.  The  additions  to  the  library 
during  the  past  year  consisted  of  400 
volumes  of  books  and  pamphlets,  300 
sheets  of  maps  and  charts,  and  10  atlasses. 
The  gold  medals  have  been  awarded  as 
follows : — The  Founder's  Medal  to  Rear- 
Admiral  William  Henry  Smyth,  K.S.F., 
for  his  numerous  valuable  maritime  surveys 
in  the  Mediterranean,  pursued  at  a  con- 
siderable  pecuniary  cost  to  himself,  and 
commenced  at  a  time  when  our  acquaint- 
ance  with  the  physical  geography  of  that 
sea  and  the  surrounding  countries  was 
most  imperfect — surveys  which  produced 
105  charts  and  maps,  still  used  by  the 
Admiralty,  and  established  upwards  of 
1200  maritime  positions  on  the  coasts  of 
Fraoce,  Spain,  Italy,  Corsica,  Sardinia, 
Sicily,  Croatia,  Dalmatia,  the  Ionian  Isles, 
Greece,  and  the  shores  of  Africa,  from 
Egypt  to  Morocco ;  also  for  his  writings 
upon  the  climatology  and  natural  history 
of  large  tracts  (including  his  memoirs  on 
Sicily  and  Sardinia),  and  especially  for  his 
recent  able  work  "  The  Mediterranean," 
in  which  his  own  observations  arc  embo- 
died in  a  rich  compendium  of  the  actual 
geography  of  those  regions  as  compared 
with  their  physical  features  recorded  in 
the  classical  and  mediaeval  ages.  The  Pa- 
tron's Medal  to  Robert  M'Clure,  R.N., 
of  Her  Majesty's  Ship  Investigator,  for 
his  remarkable  exertions  in  getting  to 
Behring's  Strait  early  enough  in  1850  (the 
same  year  he  left  England)  to  enable  him, 
against  great  difficulties,  to  navigate  his 
ship  through  the  ice  of  the  Polar  Seas,  for 
his  survey  of  Baring  Island,  aud,  above  all, 
for  his  brilliant  discovery  of  the  North- 
West  Passage. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Zoological 
Society  was  held  on  the  2Dth  of  April ; 
Sir  James  Clark,  Bart,  in  the  chair.  The 
report  was  exceeding  satisfactory.  The 
receipts  for  admission  to  the  gardens  ex- 
ceeded those  of  the  preceding  year  by 
3,413/.  18«.,  and  the  garden  sales  presen- 
ted an  increase  of  1,130/.  78.  Sd,  over 
those  of  1852,  which  included  700/.  re- 
ceived for  two  giraffes,  and  115/.  for  a 
lioness.  There  was  also  a  decrease  of  859/. 
in  expenditure  for  wages,  advertisements, 
and  food.  The  building  expenditure  like- 
wise exhibited  a  decrease  of  1 ,943/.  as  com- 
pared with  the  previous  year.  Although 
the  number  of  fellows  remained  the  same, 
the  annual  subscriptions  increased  135/.  3s, 
The  receipts  from  all  fiources,  including  a 


previous  balance  of  £80/.,  amounted  to 
17,508/.  The  number  of  admissions, 
exclusive  of  charity  schools  and  other  free 
admissions,  was  409,606. 

The  report  of  the  Microscopical  Society^ 
presented  at  the  fourteenth  anniversary 
meeting,  states  that  the  number  of  mem- 
bers at  the  last  anniversary  was  203.  Since 
that  time  there  have  been  elected  28, 
making  the  total  number  231  ;  this  num- 
ber being  reduced  by  three  retirements, 
whilst  no  deaths  are  mentioned.  The 
cabinet  of  objects  and  the  library  have 
been  increased  by  various  donations. 

We  have  to  record  this  month  the  in- 
auguration of  two  new  Archceological 
Societies. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Bristol  Archs* 
ological  Society  was  held  on  the  llth 
February,  1854,  the  Right  Worshipful  the 
Mayor,  the  President,  in  the  chair, — when 
an  Introductory  paper  was  read  by  the 
Honorary  Secretary,  D.  W.  Nash,  esq.  At 
the  second  meeting,  held  on  the  2nd  May, 
two  papers  were  read  :  the  first  by  Tbos. 
Garrard,  esq.  Chamberlain  of  Bristol,  on 
John  Guy,  a  citizen  of  Bristol,  and  one  of 
tlie  early  colonizers  of  Newfoundland. 
The  second  was  by  Peter  Leversage,  esq. 
on  a  Runic  Inscription  adjoining  the  arms 
of  Bishop  Robinson  (Bishop  of  Brbtol, 
translated  to  London,  1713),  on  a  painted 
glass  in  the  west  window  of  the  cathedral. 
After  this  George  Pryce,  esq.  exhibited 
some  drawings  copied  by  him  from  some 
frescoes  on  the  ceiling  oi  the  dormitories 
occupied  formerly  by  the  canons  of  the 
Abbey  of  St.  Augustine.  From  the  head- 
dresses of  the  figures  and  other  adornments 
it  is  evident  that  they  were  executed  after 
the  dissolution  of  the  abbey — most  pro- 
bably in  the  reign  of  James  the  First. 
Some  presents  of  antiquities  have  already 
been  made  to  the  Society,  which  now  con- 
sists of  about  sixty  members  ;  it  includes 
in  its  ranks  the  leading  local  antiquaries — 
the  Rev.  John  Eagles,  M.A.,  the  Rev.  J. 
Reynell  Wreford,  D.D.,  F.S.A.,  A.  H. 
Palmer,  esq.,  George  Pryce,  esq.,  etc., 
and  there  seems  every  likelihood  of  iti 
becoming  a  very  useful  and  valuable  So* 
ciety. 

The  Surrey  Archaeological  Society  held 
its  inaugural  meeting  at  the  Bridge  Hoote 
Hotel  in  Southwark  on  the  10th  of  May, 
when  Henry  Drummond,  esq.,  M.P., 
F.R.S.,  presided.  It  was  announced  that 
the  Society  had  enrolled  365  members,  of 
whom  38  had  paid  life  subscriptions  of  five 
pounds.  The  annual  subscription  is  fixed 
at  ten  shillings,  with  ten  shillings  entrance. 
Mr.  Drummond  addressed  the  meeting  in 
an  introductory  discourse,  in  which  he  ad- 
vanced many  excellent  arguments  for  the 
pursuit  of  archaeological  research ;  and  he 


1854.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


607 


was  followed  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jessop,  who 
read  an  eloquent  essay  on  the  Religious 
Bearings  of  Archaeology  upon  Architec- 
ture and  Art.  Mr.  George  Bibh  Webb, 
Hon.  Secretary,  read  some  remarks  written 
by  Colonel  Prosser,  Governor  of  the  Mili- 
tary College  at  Sandhurst,  upon  a  large 
map,  made  some  years  ago  at  the  College, 
of  the  Roman  road  from  Silchester  to 
Staines,  accompanied  by  a  memorandum 
made  by  Mr.  Lance,  upon  the  same  sub- 
ject ;  and  Mr.  Henry  Lawes  Long,  who 
assisted  in  making  the  survey,  favoured  the 
meeting  with  some  remarks.  Mr.  Miller 
read  a  description  of  a  cross-bow  which 
was  exhibited  ;  it  was  formerly  m  the  mu- 
seum of  Mr.  Greene  of  Lichfield,  and  was 
engraved  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1 784.  At  that  time  it  was  stated  to  have 
been  found  on  the  field  of  the  battle  of 
Bosworth ;  but  its  art  is  not  anterior  to 
the  reign  of  Henry  VI IL  A  great  variety 
of  objects  of  interest  connected  with  the 
county  were  ranged  upon  the  tables;  of 
some  of  which,  that  belonged  to  the  late 
Mr.  Glover  of  Reigate,  a  description  was 
read  by  his  son-in-law,  Mr.  Hart. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Archaolo- 
gical  Institute  will  take  place  at  Cam- 
bridge, and  will  commence  on  Tuesday 
July  4,  when  Professor  Willis  will  deliver 
a  discourse  on  the  more  ancient  Colle- 
giate and  Ecclesiastical  Buildings.  Ex- 
cursions will  be  made  to  Bury,  Hcngrave, 
&c.  by  invitation  of  the  Suffolk  Ar- 
chaeologists;  to  Audley  End;  to  Mr. 
Neville's  discoveries  at  Chesterford,  his 
Museum  of  Saxon  Antiquities,  &c. ;  to 
Saffron  Walden,  Anglesey  Abbey,  and  Ely. 
We  are  glad  to  hear  that  the  warmest 
encouragement  has  been  given  by  the 
University  authorities. 

The  meetings  of  several  other  archaeo- 
logical societies  we  have  noticed  in  our 
department  devoted  to  that  subject ;  but 
we  have  further  to  mention  that  the  Sustex 
Archceological  Society,  which  now  consists 
of  CA\  members,  has  held  its  quarterly 
meeting  on  the  llth  May,  at  Michelham 
Priory ;  and  will  hold  its  annual  gather- 
ing at  Wiuchelsca  and  Rye  on  Thursday, 
July  13th.  The  Y'orkftJiirc  Agricultural 
Society  holds  a  meeting  at  Shipton  on  the 
31st  May,  and  purj)(>ses  visiting  Bolton 
Abbey  the  following  day.  The  new  Worces- 
ter Architectural  will  meet  shortly  at  Co- 
ventry, probably  in  conjunction  with  the 
Oxford  Society. 

There  has  also  been  a  very  interesting 
reunion  at  Leicester ,  on  the  17th  and  18th 
May,  of  the  Architectural  Societies  of  the 
Diocese  of  Lincoln,  and  of  the  Archdea- 
conry of  Northampton.  Soue  important 
pai)ers,  chiefly  relating  to  the  town  of  Lei- 
cester, were  read  ;  viz. — On  the  Churches 


of  Leicester,  by  the  Rev.  G.  AylifFe  Poole ; 
on  Roman  Leicester,  by  J.  F.  HoUings, 
esq. ;  on  Monumental  Sculpture,  by  Sir 
Charles  Anderson,  Bart. ;  on  Leicester 
Abbey,  its  History,  and  the  Excavations 
made  on  its  site,  by  James  Thompson,  esq.; 
on  Repairing  and  Refitting  Old  Churches, 
by  Sir  Henry  E.  L.  Dryden,  Bart.;  and 
on  Mitred  Abbeys,  by  the  Rev.  Pyndar 
Lowe,  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Lincoln 
Society. 

The  anniversary  meeting  of  the  Camden 
Society  was  held  on  the  2nd  of  Mtly, 
Lord  Braybrooke,  the  President,  in  the 
chair.  The  report  congratulated  the  mem- 
bers upon  the  publication  of  a  second 
portion  of  the  "Promptorium :  An  English 
and  Latin  Dictionary  of  Words  in  use 
during  the  Fifteenth  Century,  compiled 
chiefly  from  the  Promptorium  Parvulorum, 
by  Albert  Way,  Esq.  M.A.,  F.S.A.," 
expressing  a  strong  hope  that  Mr.  Way's 
engagements  will  enable  him  speedily  to 
complete  this  important  work.  It  was  also 
noticed  that  since  the  last  meeting  there 
have  been  delivered  to  the  members, — 
Regulse  Inclusarum:  The  Ancren  Rewle  : 
A  Treatise  on  the  Rules  and  Duties  of 
Monastic  Life,  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  Dialect 
of  the  13th  Century.  Edited  by  the  Rev. 
James  Morton,  B.D.  Prebendary  of  Lin- 
coln :  a  work,  which  like  the  preceding, 
is  a  valuable  contribution  to  English  philo- 
logy, and  of  great  interest  for  its  illustra- 
tion of  the  social  and  religious  condition 
of  the  age  in  which  it  was  produced. 
Letters  of  the  Lady  Brilliana  Harley: 
1625—1643.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  T.  T. 
Lewis,  M.A.  The  Household  Roll  of 
Richard  Swinfield,  Bishop  of  Hereford, 
18  Edw.  I.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  John  Webb, 
M.A.,  F.S.A.,  Vol.  I.  The  Council  have 
added  the  following  works  to  the  list  of 
suggested  publications : — 

I.  A  MS.  Narrative  uf  Proceedings  at 
Tunbridge  in  1643,  written  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Weller,  a  resident  in  that  town:  with 
various  inedited  letters  relating  to  the 
same  period.  To  be  edited  by  Richard 
Almack,  Esq,  F.S.A. 

II.  The  Correspondence  of  Sir  Robert 
Cotton,  from  the  Cottonian  MS.  (Julias 
C.  III.)  To  be  edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Stevenson,  M.A. 

III.  The  Household  Book  of  William 
Lord  Howard,  "Belted  Will."  To  be 
edited  by  James  Crosby,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

Among  the  works  in  the  Press  are 
two,  the  Domesday  of  St.  PauPs,  Lon- 
don, which  has  been  delayed  by  the 
illness  of  the  editor,  the  venerable  Arch- 
deacon Hale ;  and  the  Extent  of  the  Lands 
held  in  England  by  the  Knights  Templars, 
edited  by  the  Rev.  L.  B.  Larking,  which 
are  calculated  to  maintain  the  high  cbarac- 


608 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


[JnM, 


ter  of  the  Society,  and  neither  of  which 
could  have  been  committed  to  the  press 
without  its  aid.  The  income  of  the  Society 
during  the  last  year  has  been  nearly  GOO/. ; 
and  the  Auditors  report  a  balance  in  hand 
of  228/. 

The  Shakespeare  Society  has  made  its 
exit  from  the  Uterary  stage,  and  we  regret 
to  add,  like  many  improvident  members  of 
the  histrionic  profession,  in  embarrassed 
circumstances.  The  great  mistake  through- 
out its  career  has  been  printing  too  large 
a  number  of  copies  of  its  works,  relying 
upon  the  world-wide  popularity  of  the 
name  of  its  patron.  The  remaining  copies 
have  been  sold  by  auction  at  a  woefiilly 
depreciated  rate. 

A  new  printing  club  of  the  aristocratic 
and  exclusive  class  has  been  formed  of 
gentlemen  interested  in  the  history,  col- 
lection, and  peculiarities  of  curious  books. 
It  has  assumed  for  its  name  The  PhilO' 
bibloHf  the  term  used  by  Richard  de  Bury 
to  designate  such  pursuits.  It  purposes 
treading  in  the  steps  of  the  Roxburghe 
Club  ;  to  further  bibliographical  pursuits, 
and  print  private  miscellanies.  The  society 
consists  of  thirty  members,  with  Prince 
Albert  as  Patron,  the  Earl  of  Gosford  as 
President,  and  two  joint-secretaries,  the 
Belgian  Minister  and  Mr.  Monckton 
Milnes.  The  meetings  for  the  transaction 
of  business  take  place  on  the  lust  Saturdays 
in  the  mouth,  from  February  to  July 
inclusive. 

The  anniversary  dinner  of  the  Literary 
Fund  Society  was  held  on  the  3rd  of  May, 
at  the  Albion  Tavern,  (the  Freemasons* 
being  pre-engaged,)  when  Lord  Viscount 
Mahon  presided,  and  delivered  a  very  able 
and  well-considered  address.  It  was  an- 
nounced that  the  relief  distributed  during 
the  past  year  had  amounted  to  l,4f)0/., 
among  47  persons,  of  whom  31  were 
gentlemen,  and  IG  were  ladies. 

The  Printers*  Pension  Society* s  Dinner 
on  the  following  day  was  presided  over  by 
Dr.  Layard,  in  the  absence  of  Sir  Robert 
Peel,  Bart. 

At  the  dinner  of  the  Artitls^  Benevolent 
Fund  Society,  on  the  13th  of  May,  the 
chairman.  Lord  Yarborough,  stated  that 
during  the  past  year  76!)/.  had  been  paid 
in  the  form  of  dividends  to  widows,  and 
162/.  to  orphans.  The  subscriptions  an- 
nounced at  the  dinner  amounted  to 
332/.  7s.  (id.. 

The  annual  general  meeting  of  the  Art 
Union  qf  London  was  held  in  the  Lyceum 
Theatre  on  the  2r)th  April,  Lord  Mont- 
eagle,  President,  in  the  chair,  llie  sub- 
scriptions fur  the  year  amounted  to  the 
sum  of  12,910/.  IGs.f  and  each  subscriber 
of  the  current  year  has  received  an  engrav- 
ing of  Mr.  Sranfield's  picture,  "Tilbury 
C 


Fort^Wind  agftinst  Tide.'*  For  the  ea- 
suing  year  it  is  proposed  to  oflTer  to  eaA 
subscriber  an  impreuion  of  «  pUte  bj  ^'■ 
Willmore,  from  the  pictare  "  A  Witcr 
Party,"  by  Mr.  J.  J.  CJuOon,  togcAcr 
with  a  volume  oontaining  thirty  wood  en- 
graving!,  illostratiYe  of  *'  Childe  HaroU," 
from  drawings  by  Messrs.  Ansdcll,  Cofc, 
R.  A.  E.  Corbould,  Dodgion,  Dnson, 
T.  Faed,  John  Gilbert,  James  Godvii, 
F.  Goodall,  A.R.A.,  J.  UollBod,  Halv; 
Hart,  R.A.,  Lake  Price.  Latch.  Sdosi, 
Tenniel,  and  Wehaert.  One  hundred  nd 
seventy-eight  works  of  art  were  pnrduicd 
by  the  prizeholders  last  year  from  the 
yariouB  public  exhibitions  of  the  losms. 
ranging  in  value  from  250I.  downwarli. 
The  reserved  fund  now  amounts  to  the 
sum  of  5,764/.  The  sum  set  apart  lor 
prizes,  to  be  selected  by  the  prizehoUen. 
were  thus  allotted,  viz. : — 25  works,  at  ICL 
each  ;  20,  at  15/. ;  30,  at  20/. ;  30.  at  25/.: 
30,  at  40/. ;  14.  at  50/. ;  20,  at  60/. ;  U 
at  80/. ;  G,  at  100/. ;  2,  at  150/. ;  1,  at  200L: 
1 ,  at  250/.  To  these  are  added :  5  brouei 
of  her  Majesty ;  2  bronzes  of  "  Sataa  D»- 
mayed  f*  5  bronzes  in  relief  of  "  TlicDikc 
of  Wellington  entering  Madrid  ;**  40  tBW 
in  iron ;  60  Parian  statuettea.  **  Solitade  f 
80  porcelain  statuettes,  *'  Tlie  Oasoy 
Girl  Reposing ;"  30  silver  medals  of  Flu- 
man  ;  and  500  impressiona  of  the  lithv- 
graph,  "  The  Three  Bows  ;"  making  iasll 
913  prizes,  being  about  one  to  every  thi^ 
teen  members. 

In  consequence  of  the  destruction  ui 
removal  of  the  statue  of  King  Gcoige  11 
in  Leicester-square  (already  mentioned  ii 
p.  4.94),  the  Chief  Commissioner  of  the 
Hoard  of  Works  has  brought  a  Bill  itf 
Parliament  to  take  powers  for  protediBf 
and  maintaining  the  Public  Siatues  ia  the 
metropolis.  The  selection  of  the  moas- 
ments  named  in  the  schedule  has  bctn  n- 
garded  as  arbitrary  and  defective.  Ic 
proposes  to  assume  the  custody  of  Chsilci 
the  First  at  Charing-cross ;  Charles  the 
Second  at  Chelsea  Hospital ;  James  tk 
Second  behind  Whitehall ;  Queen  Anne,B 
Queen-square;  George  the  Second,  is 
(jolden-square  and  Greenwich  Hospital; 
George  the  Third  in  Somerset  House  sri 
Pall  Mall  East;  George  the  Fourth,  is 
Trafalgar-square  ;  the  Duke  of  Kent,  rt 
the  top  of  Portland -place;  the  Achilkii 
in  Hyde  Park ;  Wyatt's  Wellington,  it 
Hyde  Park  Comer,  and  Wellington  ia  Cke 
Tower;  Nelson,  on  the  Column;  sad 
Canning  in  New  Palace-yard.  But  it  oniti 
William  the  Third,  in  St.  Jamea's-sqnaie; 
George  the  First,  on  the  top  of  Bloons- 
bury  steeple ;  the  Duke  of  Cumherland, 
in  Cavendish -square ;  the  Duke  of  Bed- 
ford, in  Russell-sqnarc  ;  Fox,  In  Blooms- 
bury-square ;    Pitt,  in  Hanover-s^oaie; 


1854,] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


609 


Lord  George  Bentinck,  ia  Cavendish- 
square  ;  old  Major  Cartwright,  in  Burton* 
crescent;  and  all  the  rest,  noble  and 
ignoble,  of  our  public  outcasts.  The  City 
monuments  are  also  excluded.  The  reason 
assigned  for  some  of  these  exceptions  is, 
that  the  statues  are  private  property  ;  that 
of  Lord  George  Bentinck  belonging  to  the 
Duke  of  Portland,  that  of  Mr.  Fox  to  the 
Duke  of  Bedford,  and  that  of  Mr.  Pitt  to 
the  Earl  of  Harewood. 

Mr.  Bell's  selected  model  for  the  WeU 
lington  monument,  to  be  erected  by  the 
corporation  of  London  in  Guildhall,  re- 
presents  the  Duke  between  Peace  and  War, 
a  male  and  female  figure.  The  pedestal  is 
inscribed  *•  Duty,*'  supported  by  "Wis- 
dom" and  •*  Honour;"  and  on  the  sub- 
plinth  is  a  bas-relief  of  the  Field  of  Wa- 
terloo, intended  to  be  of  considerable  size, 
and  containing  portraits  of  Wellington, 
Napoleon,  Ney,  Anglesea,  Hardinge,  and 
others.  The  composition  is  distinguished 
by  a  noble  simplicity,  and  promises  to  be 
a  fine  work. 

At  the  recent  sale  of  the  pictures  qf 
Lord  Charles  Townskendf  a  fine  painting 
by  Danby,  '*  Morning  on  the  Lake  of 
Zurich,"  sold  for  660  guineas — Mr.  Danby 
having  received  500  for  it ;  a  good  Hilton, 
*'  Venus  seeking  for  Cupid  at  the  Bath  of 
Diana,"  660  guineas;  "  Britomart  res- 
cuing Amoret  from  the  Enchantress," 
420  guineas  ;  **  Wood  Nymphs  bathing,'' 
by  Frost,  431  guineas;  "Sterne  and  the 
Grisette,"  by  Leslie,  510  gs. ;  "  Prayer," 
(a  Mother  and  Child),  by  Frith,  410  gs. ; 
*•  Bashful  Lover  and  Maiden  Coy,"  by 
Frank  Stone,  300  gs. ;  "  First  Interview 
of  Peter  the  Great  with  the  Empress 
Catharine,"  255  gs. 

At  a  sale  of  the  collection  of  James 
Wadmore,  esq.  at  Christie's,  Hogarth's 
picture  of  Mrs.  Garrick,  in  a  pink  and 
white  dress,  holding  a  nosegay,  nas  been 
sold  for  5  J/.  12*. 

From  the  Exhibition  qf  Modem  French 
Pictures f  now  in  London,  the  Earl  of 
EUesmere  has  purchased  **  Franoesca  da 
Rimini,'*  by  M.  Ary  Schcffer,  for  1200  gs., 
and  the  Duke  of  Argyll  has  purchased  the 
"  Conversion  of  St.  Augustin,"  by  the 
same  celebrated  artist,  for  350  gs.  It 
appears,  however,  that  these  pictures  arc 
not  the  originals.  The  real  '*  Franoesca 
da  Rimini,"  by  Ary  Scheffer,  with  the 
figures  as  large  as  life,  was  formerly  in  the 
collection  of  the  Duchess  d' Orleans,  and 
is  now  in  tlie  Demidoff  Gallery  at  Florence. 
The  original  •*  St.  Augustin,"  also  life- 
size,  belongs  to  the  ex-Queen  Am^lie,  and 
is  at  Claremont.  The  pictures  now  in  Pall 
Mall  are  copies  by  the  artist  himself  of 
reduced  size. 

Mr.  Burford  has  opened  in  Leicester- 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


square  a  new  Panorama  ttf  Berlin,  It  is 
taken  from  the  dome  of  the  cathedral,  and 
comprehends  most  of  the  magnificent  public 
edifices  of  that  noble  city.  In  other  re- 
spects, from  the  flatness  of  the  locality,  the 
view  is  deficient  in  any  striking  features ; 
but  the  artists  have  manifested,  if  possible, 
more  than  their  ordinary  skill  in  the 
management  of  aerial  perspective,  in  which 
the  view  is  perfect. 

In  regard  to  the  proposed  opening  to 
the  south  of  St.  Paufs  Cathedral,  a  deput- 
ation from  the  committee  of  the  Institute 
of  British  Architects,  accompanied  by  Mr. 
Masterman,  M.P.,  and  Sir  J.  Dnke,  M.P., 
attended  by  appointment  (upon  the  loth  of 
May)  the  Improvement  Committee  of  the 
corporation.  Mr.  Tite,  on  the  part  of  the 
deputation,  explained  the  views  of  the 
architects  in  regard  thereto,  and  what  had 
been  the  wishes  with  respect  to  the  ap- 

S roaches  to  the  cathedral  of  Sir  C.  Wren. 
Ir.  Hardwicke  read  a  letter  from  Lord 
John  Russell,  expressing  his  entire  con- 
currence with  the  object  of  the  deputation. 
Mr.  Sydney  Smirke  and  Mr.  Masterman 
observed,  that  the  concession  of  the  land 
would  be  g^tefnlly  received  by  the  public. 
The  chairman  replied,  that  the  Improve- 
ment Committee  as  trustees  must  proceed 
with  caution.  With  the  great  schemes 
already  before  them,  the  loss  of  60,000/. 
was  an  important  item.  To  afford  the 
public  time  for  consideration,  the  corpora- 
tion have  railed  off  the  space  in  question, 
which  affords  a  most  charming  view  of  the 
Cathedral.  We  hope  it  will  never  be  again 
hid  from  view. 

The  old  parish  church  of  St.  Nicholas  at 
Brighton  has  been  restored,  in  combina- 
tion with  a  monumental  memorial  to  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,  who,  it  will  be  re- 
membered, was  sometime  a  pupil  of  Mr. 
Wagner,  the  grandfather  of  the  present 
Vicar  of  Brighton.  Few  churches  were 
formerly  more  choked  up  with  galleries. 
These  have  been  wholly  removed.  The 
aisles  have  been  both  lengthened  and 
widened:  and  the  monumental  tablets 
have  been  wholly  removed  from  the  walls 
and  pillars,  and  ranged  all  together  upon 
the  walls  at  the  western  end  of  the  struc- 
ture. We  think  such  sweeping  measures 
are  scarcely  justifiable  as  regards  the  inter- 
ested parties  who  have  heretofore  paid  for 
their  erection,  nor  altogether  commend- 
able in  point  of  taste,  as  monuments  of 
beauty  and  of  interest  are  condemned  alike 
with  the  rest  However,  the  mutilated 
pillars  have  been  restored  with  Bolney 
stone — their  original  material ;  the  whole 
structure  has  been  thoroughly  refit- 
ted with  open  seats  (calculated  to  ac* 
commodate  835  persons),  the  chancel- 
screen,  itself  an  elegant  design  of  the  De** 

41 


610 


MisceHatieouB  Reviews* 


[Jime, 


corated  period,  haa  been  somewhat  too 
gorgeously  bediaened  with  colours,  and 
the  chancel  is  embellished  with  encaustic 
tiles.  The  east  window  has  bee6  filled 
with  stained  glass  :  of  which  the  subjects 
are,~in  the  centre,  the  miraculous  draught 
of  fishes,  on  one  side  the  Saviour  sum- 
moning Peter  and  Andrew  to  become 
Ushers  of  men,  and  on  the  other  Peter 
calling  to  our  Lord  to  save  him  from  sink- 
Ing.  The  Wellington  Miemorial  has  been 
erected  in  the  aisle  south  of  the  chancel. 
It  is  designed  by  Mr.  Carpenter,  the  local 
architect,  who  has  also  superintended  the 
repairs  of  the  church  ;  and  has  been  sculp- 
tured by  Mr.  Philip  of  Vauxhall.  It  con- 
fists  of  a  pyramidal  canopied  structure,  in 
the  Decorated  style  of  the  Eleanor  crosses, 
terminating  in  a  floriated  finial,  and  in- 
closing in  a  niche  near  its  summit  an  ala- 
baster statue  of  Saint  George,  representing 
him  as  sheathing  his  sword  after  slaying 
the  dragon,  in  allusion  to  the  completion 
of  the  Christian's  warikre.  Round  the 
plinth  of  the  base  the  following  inscription 
k  inserted  on  fillets  of  brass :   ffLOXiXHi 

soncta,  qua  ipse  otrolrtctitd  IBeum  cole^ 

lat  t^=a(lriticatttr.  And  on  a  scroll  above, 
the  names  of  the  four  crowning  victories  of 
the  great  General's  campaigns  t  AbsayBi 
Torres  Vkdras,  Vittoria,  Water- 
loo. The  cost  of  this  monument  com- 
plete was  350/.  The  total  expenses  of  the 
restoration  of  the  church  have  been  about 
5,500/.  In  its  exterior  appearance  the 
former  aspect  is  not  materially  altered. 
In  repairing  the  tower,  some  stones  carved 
with  Norman  ornaments,  probably  belong- 
ing to  an  earlier  church,  were  found  in  the 
buttresses  and  embattlements.  The  church- 
yard will  be  closed  for  any  future  inter- 
ment after  the  month  of  June,  1854. 

The  fine  cruciform  church  at  Swqfham, 
in  Norfolk,  which  has  been  under  restora- 
tion since  1849,  is  now  reopened  for 
divine  serrice.  The  principal  features  of 
the  restoration  have  been  the  opening  of 
the  wcBtem  arch  into  the  tower ;  the  re- 
seating of  the  floor  with  open  benches  of 
oak|  by  which  180  additional  sittings  have 


been  secured ;  a  new  pulpit,  desk,  Ice. ; 
and  an  east  window  of  painted  glass  by 
Wailes,  the  bequest  of  Miss  Ella  Morwi 
representing  the  Resurrection  and  Sittii^ 
in  Glory  of  Christ,  at  a  cost  of  440/.  The 
expenses  of  the  repairs,  1640/.,  were  en- 
tirely raised  by  voluntary  contributioiia. 

A  very  beautiful  iepulehral  hrm$$  tadM, 
designed  by  Mr.  Waller,  of  London,  has 
been  recently  placed  in  the  cathedral  of 
Dankeld  to  the  memory  of  the  late  Deaa. 
It  represents  the  Last  Supper :  the  flgoret 
of  which  are  seen  within  an  arcade  of 
three  pointed  arches,  supported  by  slender 
columns  of  Italian  Byzantine  character. 
The  chief  beauty  of  the  design  oonnsts  in 
the  general  arrangement,  and  the  ridmesi 
and  the  beauty  of  the  ornamental  borders, 
which  are  reUeved  by  colour,  and  other 
accessories.  The  inscription  is  as  follows : 
**  To  the  honour  a^d  gbry  of  God.  In 
memory  of  John  Skinner,  A.M.,  Dean  of 
Dunkeld,  and  Pastor  of  this  church  for  44 
years,  bom  20th  August  1769)  died  2Bd 
Sept.  1841.  This  is  a  faithful  sHyhig,  and 
worthy  of  all  acceptation,  that  Christ  Jesus 
came  into  the  world  to  save  sinners." 
The  brass  is  inserted  in  an  ornamental 
tablet  of  russet-coloured  marble,  reliered 
by  details  in  alabaster. 

Dr.  Wetsstein,  Prussian  Consul  at 
Damas,  who  had  already  enriched  ^e 
Royal  Library  of  Berlin  with  several 
MSS.,  has  made  another  large  puthaao 
of  Arab  documents — nearly  five  hiuidied 
in  number. 

Signor  Sigli  has  discovered  in  Floreooe 
Galileo's  Commentaries  on  Dante,  which 
were  supposed  to  have  been  lost.  Hey 
are  in  the  autograph  of  the  philosopher. 

Col.  Rawlinson  writes  from  Bagdad 
that  his  agents  have  discovered  another 
obelisk  at  Nimroud.  He  has  received  a 
cast  of  the  inscription,  which  consists  of 
five  hundred  lines.  The  obelisk  was  erected 
by  Shalmannrish,  the  founder  of  Calah, 
son  of  Assur-dan-pal,  and  it  records  S7  of 
his  battles;  so  that  the  historical  interest 
of  this  new  record  is  of  considerable  im- 
portance. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


The  Old  Prinier  and  the  Modem  Prea, 
By  Charles  Knight.  ISmo. — ^The  first  por- 
tion of  this  volume  consists  of  a  re-moulded 
narrative  of  **  William  Caxton ;  a  Bio- 
graphy," first  written  by  Mr.  Knight  for 
his   Weekly  Volume  in  the  year  1844. 


our  own  day,  especially  in  rdation  to  the 
important  department  of  Cheap  Popular 
Literature.  Of  this  latter  subject  a  better 
historian  than  Mr.  Knight  could  scarcely 
be  found.  He  is  well  entitled  to  adopt 
the  boast  of  ^neas, — quorum  pare  maona 


The  second  portion  takes  an  extended    Jui ;  and,  while  his  long  experience  has 
▼lew  of  the  progresi  of  the  Picii  do^wu  to    igntak  hiscL  tm\>le  aequuntanee  witii  the 


1854.] 


Miscellaneou$  JRwiewt, 


611 


wondroofi  developementB  of  popular  lite- 
rature, few  could  either  mould  its  statistica 
into  a  more  agreeable  narrative,  or  esti- 
mate with  greater  judgment  and  intelli- 
gence their  tendencies  and  results.  In 
the  earlier  history — we  mean  the  bio- 
graphy of  Caxton — there  is  not  however 
all  the  precision  in  statement  that  might 
be  expected.  It  is  true  that  few  subjects 
have  been  more  confused  by  their  com- 
mentators than  the  early  annals  of  the  art 
of  Printing;  still,  the  known  facts  con- 
nected with  its  introduction  into  this 
country  are  few,  and  we  think  may  be 
clearly  understood  and  appreciated.  The 
main  fact  is  this,  that  printing  was  first 
set  on  foot  in  this  country  by  William 
Caxton  in  the  year  1474,  and  not  at  an 
earlier  date  by  Frederick  Corsellis.  The 
latter  supposition  is  distinctly  and  satis- 
factorily shown  to  be  unfounded  by  Mr. 
Knight.  He  does  not  however  quite  so 
distinctly  fix  the  precise  epoch  of  the  esta- 
blishment of  Caxton's  press.  Caxton 
himself  commemorated  the  date  very  pro- 
minently in  what  is  called  his  **  mark/' 
(affixed,  as  was  customary,  to  every  book 
he  issued,)  which  was  formed  of  the  inter- 
laced figures  74,  accompanied  by  the 
initials  of  his  name ;  and  the  same  was 
continued  by  his  assistant  and  successor, 
Wynkyn  de  Worde.  But  the  plainest  and 
most  conspicuous  monuments  are  subject 
to  the  obliterations  of  time  and  ignorance. 
The  meaning  of  those  Arabic  figures  was 
forgotten,  and  after  a  while,  from  their 
obsolete  form,  they  were  even  no  longer 
read.  In  the  catalogue  of  the  produc- 
tions of  Caxton's  press,  which  Mr.  Knight 
gives  as  an  Appendix  to  his  narrative,  and 
which  was  supplied  to  him  by  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  there  are  three  works  bearing  an 
earlier  date  than  1474.  The  first  of  these 
is  '*  Le  Recueil  des  Histoires  de  Troyea," 
written  by  Robert  le  Fevre,  which  was 
printed  before  the  death  of  Philip  Duke 
of  Burgundy  in  1467.  The  second  is  the 
speech  made  by  Dr.  Edward  Russell  to 
Charles  Duke  of  Burgundy  in  1469.  These 
are  admitted  to  be  "doubtful'' as  pro- 
ductions of  Caxton.  The  third  is  •*  The 
Recuyell  of  the  Historyes  of  Troye," 
translated  by  Caxton  from  the  French 
"  Recueil," — "  whych  sayd  translacion  and 
werke  was  begonne  in  Bruges  in  1468  and 
ended  in  the  holy  cyte  of  Colen  19  Sept. 
1471."  Now,  Mr.  Knight  assumes,  as 
his  predecessors  have  done,  that  Caxton 
printed f  as  well  as  translated,  this  book. 
This  we  think  is  an  unauthorised  assump- 
tion. The  typographical  antiquaries  have 
based  their  conclusions  upon  a  similarity 
of  type.  Mr.  Knight's  own  remarks  upon 
this  point  are  well  founded :  *'  If  (he  says) 
the  resemblance  of  types  were  sufficient  to 


determine  the  printer  of  two  or  more 
books,  then  Fust  and  Schoeffer  ought  to 
be  called  the  printers  of  the  French  *<  Re- 
cueil ''  as  well  as  of  the  English  which 
Caxton  says  he  printed  [or  caused  to  be 
printed]  at  Cologne.  There  can  be  little 
doubt  Uiat,  when  Caxton  went  to  Cologne 
to  be  a  printer  [?]  in  1471,  he  became 
possessed  of  the  types  and  matrices  with 
which  he  printed  his  translation  of  Le 
Fevre,  and  subsequently  brought  to  Eng- 
land to  print  his  *  Game  of  CImss.'  "  At 
the  end  of  the  English  "  Recuyell,'*  Cax. 
ton  makes  special  boast  of  the  book  being 
printed.  '*  I  have  practised  and  learned, 
at  my  great  charge  and  dispense,  to  ordain 
this  said  book  in  print,  after  the  manner 
and  form  as  you  may  here  see."  He  had 
•uperintended,  and  probably  assisted,  in 
its  printing.  Still  we  cannot  regard  the 
mere  circumstance  of  procuring  the  print- 
ing of  his  own  work  to  be  equivalent 
to  setting  up  as  a  printer.  The  art  was 
first  commenced  in  Cologne  in  the  year 
1470  by  one  Conrad  Winters,  and  he  pro- 
bably was  the  real  printer  of  the  RecuyelL 
It  was  yet  three  years  later  before  Caxton 
himself  became  a  printer,  and  then  be  set 
up  his  press  .within  the  abbey  of  West- 
minster, his  first  production  being  "  The 
Game  and  Playe  of  the  Chesse,  translated 
out  of  the  French,  iynysshid  t&e  last  day 
of  Marche,  1 474.' '  His  subsequent  career 
is  well  known  from  his  productions,  which 
were  numerous  until  his  death  in  1491. 
At  the  close  of  his  career  we  have  a  little 
contemporary  evidence  respecting  him 
from  the  churchwsrdens'  accounts  of  St. 
Margaret's,  Westminster  :  and  here  we 
regret  that  Mr.  Knight  has  not  availed 
himself  in  full  of  that  source  of  informa* 
tion.*  In  an  imaginary  conversation 
among  the  surviving  coadjutors  of  the 
venerable  Printer,  he  makes  Wynkyn  de 
Worde  say,  **  The  Churchwardens  of  St. 
Margaret^s  asked  me  siz^and-dght-pence 
yesterday  for  the  volume  that  our  master 
left  the  parish ;  for  not  a  copy  can  I  get, 
if  we  should  want  to  print  again.  8iz- 
and-eightpence !  That  was  exactly  what 
he  charged  his  customers  for  the  volume.** 
In  this  passage  we  cannot  be  surprised 
that  the  imagination  of  the  writer  should 
originally  have  deviated  from  the  facts, 
but  we  regret  that  he  should  retain  such 
deviations  in  the  spite  of  evidence  to  the 
contrary.  It  misrepresents  Caxton's  be- 
quest to  the  parish  of  St.  Margaret's  as 

*  In  our  Magaxine  for  May,  1848,  will 
be  found  accurate  copies  of  aU  the  entries 
relative  to  Caxton  in  the  churchwardens' 
accounts  of  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster, 
carefully  extracted  by  the  Rev.  Mackentie 
Walcott,  then  Curate  of  the  parish. 


612 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[June, 


hATing  coDBisted  of  ooe  book,  instead  of  at 
least  sixteen  copies  of  his  Golden  Legend, 
and  it  farther  misrepresents  what  was 
evidently  the  practice  of  the  time,  viz.  to 
sell  books  by  bargain,  and  not  at  a  fixed 
price.     It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the 
extracts  given  in  our  Magazine  for  May, 
1848,  that,  whilst  some  of  these  copies 
were  sold  for  6ff.  8J.,  others  were  sold  for 
6f.  id,,  5ff.  8d.,  5ff.  lld,f  5ff.  lOd.,  5i., 
and  two  together  for  10«.  id.    There  still 
remained  one  copy  in  store  in  the  year 
1500.    Altogether,  nothing  can  be  worse 
conceifed  than  the  words  put  into  the 
mouth  of  Wynkyn  de  Worde;   for  the 
Golden  Legend  was  in  fact  the  book  that 
was  passing  through  the  press  at  the  time 
of  Caxton's  death,  and  it  was  not  finished 
until  the  20th  May,  1493,— that  is  (to  all 
appearance)  two  years  after,  and  yet  we 
have  repeated  testimony  of  the  church- 
wardens of  St.  Margaret,  that  the  books 
were  "of  the  bequest  of  William  Caxton.'' 
-    There    is    another    oversight    of   Mr. 
Knight's  which  has  passed  into  this  new 
edition  of  Caxton's  biography  uncorrected. 
After  stating  that  the  princess  Margaret 
of  York  was  married  to  Charles  of  Bur- 
gundy on  the  3rd  July,  1468,  he  adds 
that  "we  have  the  distinct  evidence  of 
Caxton  that  he  was  residing  at  Bruges 
some  months  previous  to  the  marriage," 
because  he  states  that  his  translation  of 
the  Recuyell  of  the  Historyes  of  Troye 
was  begun  at  Bruges  on  the  first  day  of 
March  1468  (p.  64,  and  again  p.  73). 
But  the  biographer  here  loses  sight  of  the 
old  style  of  computation  ;   and  the  Ist 
March,  1468,  was  doubtless  eight  months 
after,  and  not  four  months  before,  the 
marriage  of  the  English  princess. 
'    There  is  still   one  other  imperfection 
which  should   be   amended   in  a  future 
edition.    A  wood-cut  is  given  of  the  illu- 
minated drawing  in  the  British  Museum 
of  Lydgate  "presenting  a  book   to  the 
Earl  of  Salisbury;"  but,  as  there  are  two 
figures  kneeling  before  the  Earl,  any  reader 
to  whom  the  subject  is  new  would  not  know 
which  of  the  two  is  intended  for  the  Poet. 
No  doubt  Mr.  Knight  is  well  aware  that 
the  Monk  is  Lydgate,  and  the  Pilgrim  is 
in  fact  a  personification  of  his  book :  but 
as  the  latter  is  the  more  prominent  figure, 
for  want  of  explanation,  there  is  much 
room  for  doubt,  if    not  for  misappre- 
hension. 

We  may  add  that  the  conjecture  that  the 
William  Caxton  who  was  buried  at  Saint 
Margaret's,  Westminster,  in  1480,  was  the 
/other  of  the  Printer,  is  very  improbable, 
inasmuch  as  the  Printer  himself  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  eighty  at  his  death  in 
1491.  If  all  unfounded  conjectures  were 
not  equally  worthless,  \t  wouU  \>e  moi^ 


consistent  to  imagine  him  the  Printer's 
totti  or  his  grandson. 

The  Land  qf  Promise  ;  or.  My  Impret- 
tiotu  ^f  Australia.  By  the  Author  qf 
"  Golden  Dreams  and  Waking  Etdtitiesr 
Post  8oo.— This  is  a  lively  farrago  of 
anecdotes  and  gossip,  which  may  be  read 
with  much  amusement  by  the  satirical 
and  light-hearted,  but  not  without  many  a 
sigh  from  those  who  regard  more  seriously 
the  records  of  human  depravity.  Like  so 
many  reports  from  the  same  quarter,  it  is 
for  the  most  part  a  running  commentary 
upon  the  text— « 

Effodiuntur  opes,  irritamenta  malorum. 

The  good-luck  of  the  digger  is  too  often 
the  prelude  merely  to  a  transitory  term  of 
reckless  drunkenness  and  indulgence,whil8t 
the  deeper  crimes  of  fraud  and  violence 
are  fostered  in  the  more  cautious  villain 
by  "  the  cursed  thirst  of  gold.*'     Amid 
all,  there  is  an  amazing  amount  of  pro- 
gressive and  expansive  improvement.   The 
author  states  that  the  Colony  of  New 
South  Wales  was  never  in  a  more  pros- 
perous condition  than  now.    Although  he 
admits  that  the  gold  mania  has  for  a  time 
diverted  the  work  of  education,  over- 
thrown the  sense  of  moral  obligation  be- 
tween employers  and  labourers,  and  im- 
5 aired  confidence  in  various  branches  of 
usiness,  still  he  looks  to  the  effect  of  the 
severe  lessons  which  many  have  expe- 
rienced in  the  pursuit  of  gold,  and  to  the 
constant  influx  of  new  emigrants,  for  the 
maintenance  and  progpress  of  industrial 
pursuits.    He  adopts  the  opinion  of  Count 
Strelecki  that  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  is 
proof  against  transplantation,  and  retains 
its  energy,  its  perseverance,  and  other  na- 
tional characteristics  in  spite  of  foreign 
associations.    "The  race  of  Anglo- Aus- 
tralians now  springing  up  are  cast  in  the 
same  mould  as  their  fathers,  impressed 
vrith  the  same  public  duties,  and  private 
virtues ;  and,  although  previous  El  Do- 
rados exemplify  that  demoralization  attends 
gold-seeking,  we  do  not  apprehend  that 
the  community  of  New  South  Wales  will 
degenerate.    The  prosperity  of  the  Colony 
rests  upon  a  surer  basis  than  a  golden  one; 
for,  in  consequence  of  its  natural  advan- 
tages and  geographical  position,  it  has 
become  the  entrepot  for  the  traffic  of  the 
South  Seas.'' 


Notes  on  the  Cross  (if  Amney  Holy" 
Rood,  Oloueestershire.  Read  b^ore  a 
meeting  qfthe  Cotteswold  Club,  Jan.  31, 
1854.  ^y  Charles  Pooley.  890.— This  is 
an  interesting  monograph  on  a  once  ele- 
gant churchyard  cross,  of  which  the  shaft 
U  sUU  standing,  and  the  carved  head  is 


1854.] 


preaerved  within  Ibe  dmreh,  Tba  pubh 
wu  csUeil  Anmef  Crada,  or  AmMy  Hoir 
Rood,  long  before  thii  croa  wu  ereoled ; 
but  the  cro»  msj  hne  owed  Iti  boaatj 
in  part  to  the  ideat  which  the  aune  of  the 
place  luggeited.  The  manor  belonged  to 
the  monks  of  Tewkeibarji  and  tbaywovid 
netumllj  wiib  to  adorn  the  ipot  with  • 
crou  wortbj  of  it*  name.  We  find  that 
on  the  territory  described  ai  Omeole  or 
Omeuel  in  the  Domeadif  Snrrar  three 
pariah  churcbei  were  erected,  which  were 
dedicated  reipectiTelj  to  St.  Marf,  St. 
Peter,  and  the  Holy  Crou.  The  prSMUt 
writer  appeari  to  impecC  that  the  Holf 
Itood  oF  Amner  wai  in  object  of  pOgilm- 
agt,  bat  be  baa  not  addaced  any  proof  of 
ludi  haling  beeo  the  fact  The  bead  of 
the  cburcbTBcd  croaa  (of  which  the  fiontla- 

[liece  exbibits  rcpreeentaliona,  clererlT 
itbograpbed  io  imitation  of  calotTpea,) 
haa  four  tculptured  faces.  Of  theae  the 
two  wider,  or  froDti,  contain  tbe  holf  rood 
with  Maif  and  John,  and  the  Virgin  leated 
with  bee  boly  infant;  and  the  narrower 
ends,  or  sides,  haie  atanding  ficnresof  an 
eccleiiaatic  and  a  knight.  The  farmer 
itutue  ia  aaaigDcd  bj  Mr.  Pooler  to  Q|nl- 
dui  the  first  abbat  of  Tewkesbnr]r|  and 
the  latter  to  its  founder  Robert  Flti- 
Haimon.  These  eiplanatlont  leem  eicced- 
ioglj  happj.  The  erection  of  the  eroM 
is  attributed  to  ahbat  Parker,  at  the  eloie 
of  the  foDrteenth  cealnry. 

Modim  Gtrmat  Untie.  Bf  H.  F. 
Chorlej.  2  Mb.— This  is  not  eMentielljr 
a  new  book,  but  at  once  an  abtidgemeat 
and  deielupment  of  one  poUished  in  tbe 
year  1841,  entitled  "  Moaic  ind  Manoon 


in  Franoe  and  Ovmanr,"  mtKdi  of  wliieli 
we  remember  reading  with  gnat  intereat, 
and  are  Tery  glad  to  see  tranlferrod  into 
the  present  T^nmea,  together  with  a  large 
quantity  of,  If  not  frewer,  at  laast  mn^ 
better  written  natter.  If  in  tbe  origioil 
work  there  wu  eomething  nnre  nnpm. 
haaional  and  tberefoie  periisot  mom 
likdy  laplaaeethevniKofMiloaalaadleM 
Inatmetod  portloo  of  M*  readen  than  In 


mind,  an  enlarnd  azperieaea  of  Hfe,  and 
a  etronfar  hold  on  gnat  prindplos  are 
Tidble.  Aa  in  the  aonowoenMnt  at  the 
end  of  tbe  Tohuu  Mr.  Clotley  proHliei 
to  treat  of  "  Tbe  Keliciau  and  Moralt  of 
Oanins,  in  a  sariea  of  Esa^a  and  Hluatn- 
tiona,"  it  ia  partlsnlarly  •giaeahb  to  re> 
marie  these  Inoe*  of  de^eoed  thoogbt 
and  beliog.  It  eaanot  bat  b*  that  oer* 
tain  faalta  of  mannerlam  an  paitieakiiy 
apt  to  hannt  the  jonmalkt.  nat  M 
MonU  try  to  escape  from  what  is  eom> 
■aon-place,  who  can  wonderl  net  Qm 
eadeaTonr  sbooM  eomeUaaet  ^poar  oi«v- 
atrainrd,  and  the  nae  of  iangnage  artificial, 
It,  In  certain  stage*  of  his  progreaa,  likdy 
eiWM^  "Die  only  nfnga  for  Um  la  to 
get  into  the  noUer,  tbe  more  real  life  af 
art  and  of  oalwo,  in  whldi  the  maatwy 
of  langB^  la  oempleta,  by  reason  of  m 
bdng  Uia  aimpla  otteiaoae  of  an  enrkhad 
jOiai,  MlhM  in  ita  <» 
progreas,  and  an  en  of  gi 
ment  at  to  that  wnieh  may  aaTaiiEa  or 
retard  the  pr^rtaa  of  tooiety.  Taking 
the  matter  in  this  point  of  view,  Mr. 
Chorley  doMrrea  more  and  mora  to  iv 


614 


MUcellaneous  Reviews. 


[June, 


ceive  the  thanks,  both  of  professional 
men  and  of  his  general  readers.  We  need 
only  point  to  the  striking  chapter  on  the 
influence  of  Austria  upon  art,  perhaps  one 
of  the  best  in  the  book,  to  show  the  strong 
sense  and  appreciation  of  what  an  un- 
worthy influence  can  and  canno/  do  for  the 
sons  of  genius,  which  it  seems  to  be  pecu- 
liarly Mr.  Chorley's  vocation  to  point  out. 
Music  is  certainly  not  his  only  theme. 
Society  has  a  large  share  in  the  work,  and 
there  are  also  fresh  glimpses  of  nature, 
and  tender  touches  from  the  hands  of  a 
friend,  awakening  up  the  memory  of  one 
who  won  all  hearts  as  well  as  ears,  during 
his  grand,  but  short  career. 

l^ere  are  also  opinions,  not  sentimeiital, 
but  practical,  which  to  our  minda  are  just 
ones.  Among  them  let  us  cite  what  Mr. 
Chorley  says  of  **  the  home-position  of 
the  musicians  in  Qtrmukj."  Often  and 
often  have  the  advantiigei  of  obtaining 
life-appointments  from  their  different 
courts  been  held  up  to  English  musicians 
aa  objects  of  envy.  It  is  supposed  that 
the  secure  possession  of  one  of  these  ap- 
pointments must  calm  the  mind  of  him 
who  holds  it,  set  him  free  from  the  pres- 
fare  of  petty  cares  and  rivalries,  and  enable 
Mm  to  serve  his  art  in  peace  and  quiet- 
noM.  Those  who  so  think  have  neither 
reflected  deeply,  nor  observed  closely.  The 
following  passage  intimates  that  Mr.  Chor- 
ley has  at  least  not  adopted  this  view : — 

**  A  man  mast  be  of  the  first  strength  to 
resist  the  influences  of  a  routine  eiistence, 
passed  among  those  with  whom  simplicity 
of  habits  does  not  mean  an  exemption 
from  class-distinctions  and  class-prejudices, 
or  the  discouragement  of  a  censorious  and 
gossiping  spirit.  While,  as  the  servant  of 
t  court  which  is  not  always  composed  of 
mch  gracious  and  cultivated  personages  as 
a  Princess  Amelia  of  Saxony,  or  the  fami- 
liee  that  now  preside  over  Saxe  Weimar, 
the  artist  must  minister  to  every  mode,  no 
matter  how  corrupt — to  every  caprice,  no 
natter  how  inane,  in  his  closet,  the  crea- 
tite  thinker  is  tempted  into  an  opinionated 
self-contentment  from  the  moment  he 
knows  his  own  fortune  to  be  secure,  and 
hie  position  ascertained,  let  him  please  or 
wrong  the  public  ever  so  much.  If  he  be 
admired,  he  runs  a  danger  of  being  puffed 
up ;  if  be  be  misunderstood,  he  is  pretty 
lure  to  be  led  into  bickerings  with  his 
audience,  in  place  of  considering  how  he 
oan  conciliate  them.  Chance  has  indulged 
me  with  some  opportunities  of  observa- 
tion; and  I  can  hardly  cite  one  instance  of 
a  great  creative  musician  holding  a  life- 
appointment  in  a  small  town  who  has  not 
been  either  the  worse  for  it  as  regards  his 
art>  or  else  who  has  not  enjoyed  his  com- 
petence with  such  a  per-centai^e  of  sore- 


ness, sense  of  injustice,  and  jealousy,  as  to 
make  one  sigh  for  'the  dinner  of  herbs 
and  peace  therewith,*  for  the  stroller's 
cart,  or  the  gipsy's  tent,  as  better  than 
the  luxuries  of  a  life  passed  in  an  atmo- 
sphere of  such  irritability For, 

again,  as  to  position  and  fortune,  a  life- 
appointment  by  no  means  ofiers  the  final 
shelter  of  a  fairy  land.  There  may  happen 
such  things  to  the  old  musician  as  the 
coming  of  '  a  new  king,  who  knew  not 
Joseph,'  and  who  has  his  own  sesthetic 
notions,  his  own  favourites  to  provide  for, 
or  else  his  own  plan  of  saving  on  his 
chapel  that  he  may  spend  on  his  stud.  We 
have  seen  such  humiliating  sights  as  elec- 
tors wrangling  with  men  old  in  years  and 
honours  about  a  few  thalers  in  excess  or 
arrear  of  their  salaries,  or  about  a  few 
days  of  holiday,  as  the  kapell-meister  not 
•peaking  to  the  concert-meister,  because 
of  some  mistake  brewed  betwixt  them  by 
tha  theatre-director,  <cc.'' 

The  Organon,  or  Logical  TreatUet  of 
Ariaiotle.  Trantlated  bg  O.  P.  Owes, 
M,A.  2  voU,  pott  8m.  {Bokn*9  CttMtieul 
tAbrary.) — ^Tenneman,  in  his  History  of 
Philosophy,  says  of  these  Treatises,  '*  Aria- 
tote,  par  ceux  de  see  ouvrages  que  I'on 
r^unit  sous  le  titre  d'Or^anvni,  est  avee 
Platon  le  pliilosophe  qui  a  rendu  le  plw 
de  service  a  la  logique.*'  (Cousin'B  trans- 
laUon,  i.  181.)  Aristotle^s  view  of  the 
science  is  thus  defined : — "  La  logique, 
e^st  I'instrument  {organum)  de  toate 
science  ou  philosophie,  mais  seulemeBt 
quant  k  la  forme  (restriction  qii  pins  tard 
&t  si  souvent  m^onnue)  car  c*est  Vet* 
perience  qui  doit  foumir  la  mati^re  poor 
etre  travaillee  et  convertie  en  prinoipet 
g^n^raux.^'  (Ibid.)  There  are  some  good 
remarks  on  this  reitrietion  in  Mr.  HiU's 
edition  of  Aldrich,  which  has  long  been  a 
standard  one  at  Oxford.  **  It  (lo|(lc)  is  a 
stafi',  which  cannot  discover  the  road,  nor 
convey  its  bearer  into  it  *,  yet  enablea  him 
to  proceed  with  greater  ease  when  he  is 
in  the  right  path.''  (p.  10.)  The  trana- 
later  of  the  Organon  has  added  noteSf 
syllogistic  examples,  and  an  analysis,  to- 
gether with  the  introduction  (Isagoge) 
of  Porphyry.  Among  the  writers  whose 
aid  is  mentioned  with  approbation  is  the 
late  Thomas  Taylor  (formerly  well-known 
as  *'The  Platonist'*),  "whose  strict  in- 
tegrity in  endeavouring  to  give  the  mean- 
ing  of  the  text"  lias  earned  for  him  high 
though  tardy  praise.  The  list  of  names  to 
which  the  science  is  indebted  in  Oxford 
for  its  progressive  impulse  omits  the  Rev. 
John  Uuyshe,  of  Brasenose.  But  "pars 
est  sua  laudis''  (Ovid,  Met.  xiii.  351) ;  he 
wu  one  of  the  first  to  push  the  study  be- 
yond the  Aldriohian  limit ;  and  we  gladly 


1864.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


615 


render  a  testimony  which  we  feel  to  be 
justly  due. 


We  have  been  favoured  by  Mr.  C.  Roach 
Smith  with  a  copy  of  the  illustrated  Cata- 
logue Raisonn^e  which  he  has  just  printed  of 
his  Museum  qfAndquUins,  When  it  is  con* 
sidered  that  this  very  large  collection  has 
been  formed  during  the  last  twenty  years 
almost  exclusively  from  the  relics  of  Ancient 
London,  recovered  by  excavations  for 
sewers  or  houses,  or  dredged  from  the  bed 
of  the  Thames,  it  cannot  fail  to  excite 
surprise  and  admiration  in  every  observer. 
Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith,  however,  has  added 
to  that  zeal  in  collecting  which  often  goes 
no  further,  such  an  intelligent  spirit  of 
analysis,  comparison,  and  arrangement 
that  be  has  contributed  as  much  as  any  of 
our  living  antiquaries  to  raise  the  pursuit 
of  archaeology  into  a  science.  We  shall 
hope  to  take  a  fuller  review  of  his  Cata- 
logue in  our  next  Magazine. 

Mr.  Roach  Smith  has  also  lately  issued 
to  his  subscribers  the  third  Part  of  Vol. 
III.  of  his  Collectanea  Antigua,  It  con- 
tain s  a  continuation  of  his  illustrations  of 
the  very  interesting  remains  of  a  Roman 
castrum,  or  castle,  at  Jublains,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mayenne;  a  paper  on  the 
antiquities  of  Evreux  ;  and  another  by  Mr. 
Crofton  Croker  on  the  Gold  Plates  dis- 
covered, at  various  times,  in  Ireland. 


Theology. — 1.  Some  Account  qf  the 
Council  of  Nicea.  By  John  Kaye,  D.D. 
Lord  Bishop  of  Lincoln.  8w).  pp.  vii. 
306. — The  publication  of  this  work  was 
postponed  in  consequence  of  the  death  of 
the  learned  and  pious  author,  partly  be- 
cause the  revision  of  the  preface  bad  not 
been  completed,  and  partly  in  the  hope  of 
finding  an  appendix  among  his  papers. 
This  expectation  not  having  been  realised, 
the  work  is  published  as  he  left  it,  having 
been  submitted  for  verbal  revision  only  to 
the  care  of  his  friend  Professor  Jeremie. 
It  is  designed  to  assist  the  student  in 
studying  the  Arian  controversy,  with  re- 
ference in  part  to  Gibbon  and  also  to 
Newman's  History  of  the  Arians.*  It 
also  contains  some  account  of  the  four 
orations  of  Athanasius  against  the  Arians, 
and  of  the  tract  De  Incamatione  Christi. 

*  The  author  thinks  Gibbon  impartial 
as  the  controversy  did  not  lie  between 
Christians  and  heathen  philosophers,  but 
between  Christians,  on  whom  "he  is 
content  to  look  down  with  contemptuous 
impartiality."  (preface,  p.  vi.)  The  reader 
may  compare  this  with  what  M.  Guizot 
says  of  Dr.  Lingard's  impartiality  "  between 
the  king  and  the  parliament."  (Hist,  of 
English  Revolution,- preface,  p.  xix.) 


We  cannot  help  regretting  thus  to  take 
leave  of  the  labours  of  one  of  oar  most 
learned  prelates,  bat  it  is  in  the  fullest 
trust  that  they  will  prove  a  durable  monu- 
ment to  his  memory. — 2.  Diffieultict  in 
the  Church.  A  Sermon.  By  Edward 
Lord  Bishop  of  Salisbury.  Svo.  pp.  28. 
This  sermon  now  receives  a  posthumous 
notice,  as  the  author  has  suddenly  been 
removed.  Criticism  of  course  is  out  of 
place  under  the  circumstances,  and  there- 
fore we  have  merely  to  state  that  it  was 
preached  (from  John  vi.  67 »  68)  at  the 
reopening  of  a  church  in  the  author's 
diocese.  It  is  chiefly  devoted  to  the  refu- 
tation of  St.  Peter's  alleged  supremacy 
and  Roman  episcopate. — 3.  Annotations 
on  the  Apostolical  Epistles.  Vol.L  PartL 
Romans.  By  T.  W.  Peile,  D.D.  8vo. 
We  have  already  spoken  of  the  first  edition 
of  this  work,  and  its  qualifications,  both 
favourable  and  unfavourable.  (Nov.  1849.) 
This  portion  is  now  revised,  and  con- 
siderably enlarged,  as  it  contains  252  pages 
instead  of  176.  We  are  glad  to  see  l£at 
Dr.  Peile  has  expunged  a  dictatorial  pas- 
sage in  the  preface,  in  which  he  called  on 
the  American  commentator,  Mr.  Hodge, 
*'  to  reconsider  and  revise  what,  as  it 
now  stands,  accords  not  with  the  general 
soundness  and  comprehensiveness  of  hit 
views  respecting  St  Paul's  doctrine,  but 
is  to  be  traced  rather  to  that  stumbling- 
stone  to  too  many  interpreters  of  Scrip- 
ture, adherence  to  a  preconceived  system 
qf  theoloffy.'*'*  (p.  xv.)  Had  Dr.  PeUe, 
we  would  ask,  a  patent  of  exemption  from 
prepossession  ?  However,  he  now  with 
greater  propriety  contents  himself  with 
saying,  '*  that  he  concurs  in  part  with  Mr. 
Hodge.**  (p.  viii.)  On  the  whole,  we 
consider  this  volume  as  an  improvement 
on  its  predecessor,  though  we  cannot  help 
thinking,  from  the  stress  he  lays  on  certain 
points,  that  his  readers  (if  they  make  him 
their  chief  authority)  are  in  danger  of 
becoming  formalists.  But  we  repeat  our 
former  opinion  unhesitatinglj,  viz.  that 
Dr.  Peile's  annotations  form  a  osefol 
appendage  to  their  predecessors.— 4 .  The 
Bible  Hand-Book.  By  J.  Angus,  D.D. 
Member  qf  the  Royal  Asietie  Boetetff. 
\2mo.  pp.  viii.  660.  This  volume  belong! 
to  the  educational  series  of  the  Religioof 
Tract  Society.  We  hope  it  will  not  b« 
forced  into  competition  with  the  larger 
work  of  Mr.  Home,  as  that  would  be  nn* 
reasonable,  on  account  of  their  different 
sizes.  It  is,  however,  an  excellent  substi* 
tute,  to  such  persons  as  are  precluded  by 
the  price  from  purchasing  the  other.  The 
arrangement  is  so  judicious  (see  p.  iii.) 
that  the  deeper  portions  may  be  omitted 
by  junior  readers,  though  as  a  whole  the 
book  is  adapted  to  fiur  more  advanced  ones, 


616 


Jdiscellaneous  Review*. 


[June, 


and  there  are  few  (we  believe)  who  will 
not  learn  something  from  its  copious  con- 
tents. So  far  as  we  have  yet  had  occasion 
to  make  nse  of  it,  we  have  reason  to  speak 
favourably,  and  it  would  justify  a  more 
extended  notice  if  we  had  room.  As  a 
specimen,  we  would  refer  to  p.  167,  where 
the  writer  shows  that,  as  the  context  of 
1  Cor.  iii.  15  is  figurative,  this  verse 
"  must  be  understood  in  a  sense  consistent 
with  the  general  argument  of  the  passage.*" 
On  one  point  we  differ  from  the  author  ; 
he  explains.  Rev.  iii.  17,  by  the  form  of 
acquittal  with  a  white  stone  ;  but  the  /et« 
tera  of  hospitality  answers  better  to  the 
whole  sentence,  as  exemplified  in  the 
Poenulus  of  Plautus>  Act  v.  s.  S.  (See 
Mr.  Home  on  that  passage.)  The  index, 
we  would  observe,  is  unequal,  as  some 
points  of  little  moment  are  inserted*  and 
others  omitted. — 5.  The  HuUean  Lee- 
tures/or  1853.  By  the  Rev,  M.  Cowie, 
M.A.  8po.  pp.  xii.  260.  This  is  a  re- 
spectable volume,  although  we  should  not 
place  it  exactly  in  the  first  class  of  such 

Sroductions.  The  subject  is  "  Scripture 
^fficulties,"  but  it  is  not  in  the  form  of 
pulpit  oratonr  that  such  topics  can  be  best 
discussed.  How  much  of  their  weight, 
for  instance,  would  Hengstenberg*s  '*  Dis- 
sertations on  the  Genuineness  of  Daniel  ** 
lose  if  they  were  cast  in  the  form  of  dis- 
courses I  The  first  sermon,  on  the  general 
subject,  is  good,  and  contains  much  able 
reasoning,  which  may  be  applied  to  other 
topics,  as  the  same  armour  serves  to  defend 
the  wearer  against  different  enemies.  But 
it  is  hazardous  to  say  (p.  7)  that  sacra- 
mental union  was  the  difficulty  which  drove 
the  Jews  from  Christ  (see  John  vi.),  and 
a  cloud  of  controversial  dust  is  raised  by 
such  expressions.  To  quote  Lucretius  is 
lowering  the  preacher  to  the  orator  (p.  20) ; 
and,  if  Tillotson  has  done  so  cogently,  it 
is  to  extort  an  argument  from  an  enemy. 
A  little  further  revision  of  the  style  would 
have  improved  it,  but  perhaps  the  time 
was  too  limited  for  this.  Two  sermons 
are  added :  1.  On  Spiritual  Watchfulness; 
S.  A  Warning  against  Selfishness. — 6. 
The  Principlee  of  Church  Government. 
By  6.  Steward.  Svo.  pp.  x1.  360.  This 
lul^ect  is  here  applied  to  Wesleyan  Me- 
thodism. It  would  be  presumptuous  in 
ns  to  offer  any  suggestions  towards  recon- 
ciling differences  in  that  connexion.  But 
we  may  justly  say,  that  the  author  of  this 
▼olume  has  brought  seriousness,  good 
sense,  and  learning  to  the  consideration 
of  the  question.  For  a  favourable  spe- 
cimen we  would  refer  to  the  Dissertation 
on  Power  at  p.  72. 

Hither  and  Thither;  or,  Sketchee  of 
jyaveli  on  both  ttdt •  ((f  th9  Atlantic.  By 

7 


Reginald  Fowler,  Eaq,  Barrieter  at  Law. 
Svo.  pp.  272. — This  volume  contains  a 
tourist's  observations  on  visiting  Madeira, 
Lisbon,  Gibraltar,  Cadiz,  and  Malta,  in  one 
hemisphere ;  and  New  York  and  Canada 
in  the  other.  The  author  apologises  for 
its  title,  as  having  been  at  first  intended 
to  apply  to  a  greater  variety  of  foreign 
countries.  It  is,  however,  appropriate 
enough,  and  as  he  is  the  first  to  adopt  it, 
and  such  quaintnesses  are  now  not  unusnal, 
we  do  not  anticipate  that  any  exception 
will  be  taken  to  it.  He  further  claims  the 
merit  of  revision  and  condensation,  and 
that  he  has  not  written  merely  on  first 
impressions,  but  after  repeated  visits  to 
the  places  described:  but,  after  all,  the 
most  we  can  say  is,  that  the  book  is  a  plea- 
santly written  diary,  not  so  entirely  free 
from  those  trifling  incidents  which  are  only 
of  temporary  importance,  and  that  exclu- 
sively to  the  person  concerned,  as  the 
author  himself,  after  the  *'  omissions  "  he 
mentions,  possibly  imagines.  Such  books 
may  always  be  read  with  amusement ;  with 
what  proportion  of  information  is  de- 
pendent upon  the  amount  of  the  reader's 
previous  acquaintance  with  the  objects 
described. 


A  Handbook  qf  Bury  St.  BdmuntTt  in 
the  County  of  Suffolk.  By  Samuel 
Tymms,  F.S. A.  Honorary  Secretary  qfthe 
8%ffolk  Institute  of  AreJuBology  and  Natu- 
ral Hiitory,  12mo. — ^The  author  of  this 
very  acceptable  manual  was  the  compiler 
of  **The  Compendium  of  County  His- 
tory,** a  task  which  has  evidently  exer- 
cised an  advantageous  effect  upon  his 
capabilities  for  compressing  the  greatest 
amount  of  information  into  the  smallest 
possible  compass.  We  have  scarcely  ever 
seen  so  great  an  amount  and  variety  of 
information  comprised  in  the  same  space 
as  in  the  seventy  pages  before  us.  The 
Handbook  is  as  full  of  the  History  of 
Bury  as,  according  to  the  old  simile,  '*  an 
egg  is  full  of  meat."  The  archaeologists 
who  propose  to  meet  at  Cambridge  this 
year,  and  to  extend  their  excnrsion  into 
East  Anglia,  will  do  well  to  provide  them- 
selves with  it.  Of  St  Mary's  church  at 
Bury  Mr.  Tymms  has  already  published 
an  architectural  and  historical  acconnt, 
upon  a  more  ample  scale :  and  we  look 
forward  to  the  time  when  he  may  become 
the  historian  of  the  town  at  large,  upon  a 
plan  commensurate  with  so  important  and 
interesting  a  subject. 

Poetry. — Janus,  Lake  Sonnets,  f(c.  By 
David  Holt. 

Summer  Sketches  andother  Poems.  By 
Bessie  Rayner  Parkes. — Both  these  small 
iiiues  of  the  modem  muse  are  highly 


1834.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


617 


characteristic  of  the  time  in  which  we 
live,  but  yet  there  is  the  widest  possible 
difference  in  the  impression  they  make  on 
our  minds.  Mr.  Holt  is,  perhaps,  with 
no  such  intention,  an  imitator  chiefly. 
He  is  well  read  in  Wordsworth  of  course, 
and  has  acquaintance  with  much  good 
poetry  ;  it  haunts  him  somewhat  too  con- 
stantly,— goes  with  him  to  the  mountain 
and  the  lake,  and  puts  into  his  mind  many 
words  which  do  not  seem  so  much  the 
expressions  of  native  thought  as  mixed  up 
memories  of  the  thoughts  of  others.  There 
is  very  little,  in  short,  that  is  new,  though 
the  volume  has  a  pleasing  character. 

Of  Miss  Parkes  volume  we  are  afraid 
we  must  say  tbat  it  is  not  "  pleasing"  at 
all.  Whoso  reads  it  will  find  himself  in 
the  midst  of  odd  thoughts,  very  oddly 
expressed  ;  and  yet  there  is  a  vernal  fresh- 
ness, an  overcoming  inspiration  drawn 
from  nature  hers'^lf,  about  it  which  tempted 


us  to  a  second  and  much  more  profitable 
reading  than  the  first.  Tea  thousand 
pities  it  is  that  so  sympathetic,  so  gene- 
rous a  spirit  as  these  summer  sketches 
display,  should  cut  loose  from  all  rules  of 
art  and  patient  culture.  They  "  who 
strive  for  the  foundation  of  a  principle  " 
should  indeed  do  so,  *'  regarding  nought 
as  trivial ; ''  and  when  they  endeavour  to 
foster  the  noble  desire  of  woman  to  fulfil 
her  highest  destination,  they  should  take 
care  to  set  their  executive  as  well  as  their 
imaginative  standard  high  ;  they  should 
not  add  to  the  already  too  prevaleot  notion 
that  the  freedom  of  woman  is  apt  to  be  an 
unregulated,  disorderly,  sketchy  thing. 
There  are  beautiful  passages  in  these 
poems,  giving  promise  of  noble  writing 
hereafter,  if  the  author  would  hold  back 
for  teQ  years  or  so,  or  only  write  for  her- 
self and  her  friends. 


yVNTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


THE  ARCH.i::OLOGICAL  INSTITUTE. 

March  3.  W.  H.  Blaauw,  Esq.,  F.S.A., 
in  the  chair. 

The  election  of  several  new  members 
was  announced,  including  His  Grace  the 
Duke  of  Hamilton  and  the  Lord  Londes- 
borough.  Mr.  Yates  read  a  memoir  by 
Dr.  Leenians,  the  distinguished  antiquary 
of  Holland,  Curator  of  the  Leyden  Mu- 
seum, relating  to  certain  weapons  and 
implements  of  stone,  such  as  axe-licads, 
wedges,  \c.  found  in  Java  and  Borneo, 
and  preserved  amongst  the  collections  at 
Leyden.  The  reliques  of  the  primeval 
period  in  almost  all  countries  present  cer- 
tain features  of  analogy,  but  it  is  interest- 
ing to  compare  together  tlic  vestiges  of  the 
rude  tribes  by  whom  our  own  country  and 
other  parts  of  Kuropc  were  occupied  with 
those  of  remote  nations.  The  axe-heads, 
wedges,  and  other  Asiatic  antiquities  of 
whieU  Mr.  Yates  produced  drawings  by 
Dr.  Lcemans,  comprise  some  forms  wholly 
unknown  amongst  European  reliques  of  a 
similar  class.  The  materials  employed  in 
their  formation  are  basalt,  quartz,  horn- 
stone,  chalcedony,  jasper,  and  other  sub- 
stances abounding  in  Java  ;  but  there  are 
consideraTions  connected  with  the  subject 
which  have  led  to  the  supposition  that  the 
island  was  once  inhabited  by  an  African 
or  I ndo- African  population.  The  popular 
tradition  of  the  Javanese  attributes  the 
origin  of  the  stone  wedges  to  thunder- 
storms, a  circumstance  deserving  of  note, 
since  in  various  parts  of  Europe  such 
objects   are   called    thunder-hammers   or 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI, 


thunder-bolts.  The  stone  reliques  found 
in  Borneo  are  regarded  by  the  inhabitants, 
as  were  the  flint  arrow-heads  or  elf-bolts 
by  the  Scotish  highlanders,  with  a  certain 
superstitious  veneration.  They  are  pre- 
served in  bags  of  woven  cane,  and  sus- 
pended in  their  dwellings  amongst  their 
amulets. 

In  illustration  of  this  subject  Mr.  Yates 
invited  attention-  to  the  very  instructive 
series  of  Scandinavian  stone  weapons  and 
implements  from  the  museum  of  Mr. 
Roach  Smith,  and  exhibited  on  this  occa- 
sion with  his  kind  permission.  They  had 
been  presented  to  Mr.  Roach  Smith  by 
the  King  of  Denmark,  and  are  of  much 
interest  for  the  purpose  of  comparison 
with  the  objects  of  the  **  Stone  Period,*' 
found  in  the  British  Islands.  Mr.  Smith 
had  also  sent  for  the  inspection  of  the 
Institute  two  stone  axes  of  large  dimen- 
sions and  skilful  workmanship,  discovered 
at  Hillyards,  near  Shanklin,  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight. 

Mr.  O'Neill  offered  some  remarks  on 
the  sculptured  designs  of  certain  Crosses 
in  Ireland,  of  which  he  had  prepared 
drawings  for  his  publication  now  in  pro- 
gress. He  produced  rubbings  from  a  sin- 
gular design  on  a  cross  at  KilklispecD, 
representing  a  faneral  procession,  the 
headless  corpse  being  conveyed  on  a  bone, 
and  accompanied  by  seven  persons  appa* 
rently  bishops.  He  also  exhibited  repre- 
sentations of  a  richly  sculptured  cross  at 
Tuam,  remarkable  for  its  great  height, 
which  in  its  perfect  state  had  been  about 

4K 


618 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Jane, 


thirty  feet,  the  proportions  being  remark- 
ably slender.  A  model  had  been  shown  in 
the  Dublin  Exhibition  of  last  year,  which 
would  be  placed  in  the  Crystal  Palace  at 
Sydenham.  This  cross  bears  the  name  of 
Terloch  O*  Conor,  the  king,  who  lived  in 
the  twelfth  century.  In  the  conversation 
which  ensued,  Mr.  Chantrell  observed 
that  many  sculptured  reliques  exist  in  the 
northern  counties  resembling  in  character 
those  from  Ireland,  to  which  the  attention 
of  the  Society  had  been  called  on  several 
occasions  by  Mr.  O'Neill,  and  he  men- 
tioned some  valuable  examples  existing  in 
Yorkshire.  Mr.  Westwood  expressed  his 
opinion  of  the  value  of  these  sculptures  as 
the  only  remaining  materials  of  their  class 
for  the  illustration  of  the  early  history  of 
art  in  this  country,  and  stated  his  feeling 
that  an  important  service  would  bb  ren- 
dered to  archaeological  science  by  the 
conscientious  reproduction  of  a  series  of 
these  early  sculptures,  similar  in  the  fidelity 
of  detail  and  appreciation  of  the  peculiar 
character  of  their  ornamentation  to  the 
valuable  publication  on  the  sculptured 
monuments  in  North  Britain,  produced 
by  Mr.  Patrick  Chalmers. 

The  Rev.  Edward  TroUope  gave  an 
account  of  a  singular  decorative  pavement 
existing  at  Rheims  ;  and  he  exhibited  re- 
presentations of  several  portions  of  the 
work,  which  appears  to  be  of  the  thirteenth 
century.  The  subjects  are  from  Old  Tes- 
tament history;  they  are  portrayed  by  an 
unusual  mode  of  art,  as  applied  to  the 
enrichment  of  pavements.  Each  subject 
is  designed  in  outline  on  a  large  quarry  of 
atone,  and,  the  lines  being  filled  in  with 
lead,  the  decoration  was  rendered  very 
durable,  and  many  of  the  slabs  remain  in 
a  perfect  state. 

Mr.  Hawkins  addressed  the  meeting, 
calling  the  attention  of  the  Society  to  the 
results  which  must  inevitably  attend  the 
destruction  of  Churches  and  Grave-yards, 
through  the  proposed  Bill  now  before 
Parliament.  He  urged  upon  the  consi^ 
deration  of  all  who  take  interest  in  the 
conservation  of  national  monuments  and 
memorials,  the  reckless  annihilation  of 
all  sepulchral  inscriptions  and  tablets, 
which  had  occurred  on  previous  occasions, 
where  churches  in  London  had  been  sacri- 
ficed to  the  alleged  demands  of  public 
convenience ;  and  he  strongly  expressed 
his  apprehension,  that  extensive  evils 
must  arise  if  the  prbject  were  carried  into 
effect,  and  so  large  a  number  of  ancient 
parish  churches  in  the  City  of  London 
were  destroyed.  Mr.  Hawkins  suggested 
the  propriety  of  addressing  a  memorial 
to  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for 
the  Home  Department,  prating  for  con- 
•ideratioD  of  this  important  bu\>)«cI,  axk^ 


the  provision  of  some  means  whereby  the 
sepulchral  memorials  in  the  various  dese- 
crated churches  might  be  rescued  from 
destruction  ;  and  that  in  all  cases  where 
the  removal  of  any  ancient  parish  church 
might  be  deemed  requisite,  all  monumental 
inscriptions  might  be  transcribed  with 
care,  and  enregistered.  Mr.  Hawkins 
adverted  to  their  value,  as  evidence  in  ques- 
tions of  descent,  and  in  support  of  rights 
to  property  and  personal  privileges,  ren- 
dering the  subject  well  deserving,  as  it 
appeared,  of  the  attention  of  Her  Ma- 
jesty's Government,  at  a  time  when  so 
extensive  a  work  of  desecration  was  in 
contemplation. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter  made  some 
remarks  on  the  importantance  of  the 
question  brought  before  the  Society  by 
Mr.  Hawkins,  and  urged  upon  the  atten- 
tion of  the  meeting,  how  desirable  it  were 
that  all  moumental  inscriptions  through- 
out the  kingdom  should  be  systematically 
recorded ;  their  effect  as  legal  evidence 
might  perhaps  have  been  over-valued  by 
some,  but  they  are  of  the  highest  utility 
and  interest  to  the  genealogist  and  the 
topographer.  He  thought  that  the  incum- 
bents of  parishes  might  cause  registrations 
to  be  made  of  such  inscriptions,  and 
secure  the  preservation  of  a  permanent 
record.  It  was  then  proposed  by  Mr. 
Matthews,  seconded  by  Mr.  Walford,  and 
unanimously  agreed,  that  a  memorial 
should  be  forthwith  prepared,  to  be  trans- 
mitted on  behalf  of  the  Institute  to  the 
Home  Department. 

Mr.  Nesbitt  produced  some  rubbmgs 
from  sepulchral  brasses  in  Poland,  and 
one  of  a  singular  memorial  of  that  kind  at 
Erfurt  Cathedral,  representing  a  canon 
who  died  in  1505.  The  upper  part  of  the 
figure  is  engraved  on  brass  plate,  the 
lower  portion  being  sculptured  in  low 
relief;  the  heraldic  accessories  are  very 
curious.  Mr.  Nesbitt  exhibited  also 
several  admirable  casta  from  sculptured 
ivories,  chiefly  existing  at  Paris,  com- 
prising some  in  the  collection  of  M.  Sau- 
vageot,  one  of  which  had  been  considered 
to  be  of  English  work ;  and  some  fine 
examples  in  Mr.  Fountaine's  collection  at 
Narford  Hall. 

The  Rev.  W.  Sneyd  exhibited  several 
beautiful  enamels,  and  medisval  works  in 
metal,  ivory,  mother-o'^pearl,  &c.  Mr. 
Westwood  brought  two  ivory  combs,  of 
very  remarkable  character,  belonging  to 
Mr.  BOOcke,  one  of  them  being  apparjsntly 
of  a  classical  age,  the  other  of  an  early 
Christian  age. 

Amongs  other  objects  exhibited,  were 
a  silver  inscribed  betrothal  ring,  found 
near  Sudbury,  brought  by  Mr.  Desborough 
'^^Iqx^,  ^  liNa^  v^itBA  deoorative  pave- 


1854.] 


The  ArchcBological  Institute, 


619 


ment  tiles,  portions  of  Samian  ware,  and 
other  reliques  found  in  excavations  at 
Haberdashers'  Hall.  Mr.  Wynne,  M.P., 
brought  a  leaden  dove,  originally  silvered 
and  gilt,  found  at  Vale  Crucis  Abbey,  a 
specimen  of  a  class  of  objects  sometimes 
regarded  as  Roman  Eagles ;  also  a  sin- 
gular broDze  disc  found  at  CasteU>y-Bere, 
in  the  course  of  excavations  made  there 
by  Mr.  Wynne.  Mr.  Morgan  produced 
a  metal  stamp,  bearing  the  Agnus  Dei^ 
and  supposed  to  have  been  used  for  making 
the  consecrated  wax  tablets  designated  by 
that  appellation.  It  had  been  obtained  at 
Newport,  and  appears  to  be  of  the  thir- 
teenth century.  Mr.  Caton  brought  seve- 
ral impressions  from  seals,  comprising 
those  of  Sir  John  de  Burgh,  Shcriflf  of 
Salop,  1442;  of  Sir  Thomas  More;  of 
Sir  Job  Charlton,  Chief  Justice  of  Chester 
and  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons  in 
the  reign  of  James  II. ;  also  the  fine  town 
seal  of  Shrewsbury,  and  the  seal  of  the 
Grammar  School  at  Pocklington,  York- 
shire. Several  other  impressions  from 
seahj  were  sent  by  the  Hon.  W.  Fox 
Strangways.  Miss  Julia  Bockett  exhi- 
bited a  curious  pack  of  playing-cards,  each 
card  being  engraved  with  a  subject  relating 
to  the  Spanish  Armada.  Mr.  Le  Keux 
brought  a  scries  of  engravings  representing 
the  architectural  features  of  the  Cathedral 
at  Drontheim,  in  Norway,  a  structure  of 
great  interest,  and  the  place  oC  the  Coro- 
nation of  the  Kings  of  Norway. 

April  7.    Octavius  Morgan,  esq.,  M.P., 
Vice-President. 

The  memorial  which  had  been  addressed 
to  Viscount  Palmerston,  in  pursuance  of 
the  resolution  carried  at  the  previous 
meeting,  in  regard  to  the  preservation  of 
Sepulchral  Memorials,  was  read,  as  also 
the  answer  which  had  been  received  from 
the  Home  Office,  acknowledging  the  re- 
ceipt of  the  remonstrance  of  the  Institute. 
A  discussion  ensued,  in  which  a  strong 
feeling  was  shewn  that  some  conservative 
precautions  were  especially  called  for  in 
the  existing  emergency.  A  communica- 
tion was  received  from  Mr.  Markland, 
expressive  of  his  anxious  wish  that  some 
influence  might  be  exerted  to  arrest  the 
threatened  desecration  of  churches  and 
monumental  memorials.  The  Rev.  Thomas 
Hugo  stated  that  he  had  seen,  during  the 
past  week,  mutilated  grave-slabs  and  tombs 
carted  away  through  the  streets  as  rubbish 
from  one  of  the  churches  in  the  city. 
Amongst  the  parish  churches  of  which  the 
destruction  is  contemplated,  were,  as  Mr. 
Hugo  observed,  some  of  those  most  inter- 
esting in  their  architectural  features,  as 
well  as  the  character  of  their  sepulchral 
memorials,  now  to  be  found  in  London. 
He  mentioned  especially  St.  Helen's  and 


St.  Ethelburga^s,  which  present  portions 
of  Early  Decorated  work,  valuable  to  the 
architectural  antiquary.  The  tombs  and 
effigies  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Sir  Julius 
Caesar,  Sir  William  Pickering,  and  Sir  John 
Crosby,  the  builder  of  Crosby  Hall,  are 
amongst  those  now  in  jeopardy,  through 
the  scheme  of  church-destruction. 

After  conversation,  in  which  Mr.  Morgan, 
Mr.  Vernon,  Mr.  Hawkins,  and  many 
members  present  took  part,  it  was  deter^ 
mined  that  the  Central  Committee  should 
request  an  interview  with  the  Bishop  of 
London,  urgently  to  request  his  considera- 
tion of  the  evils  apprehended  from  the  ill- 
advised  sacrifice  of  so  many  consecrated 
sites. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Todd  gave  an  account  of 
the  recent  discovery  of  a  large  hoard  of 
gold  ornaments  in  the  County  Clare,  of 
which  he  produced  the  more  remarkable 
specimens,  which  present  some  features  of 
novelty  in  the  series  of  objects  apparently 
intended  to  be  worn  as  collars  or  gorgets. 
The  precise  place  where  this  discovery 
occurred  had  not  been  ascertained.  Such 
discoveries,  Dr.  Todd  observed,  are  usu- 
ally attended  with  much  mystery,  through 
the  apprehension  of  the  claim  of  "  trea- 
sure-trove ;"  and  the  injurious  result,  as 
regards  science,  is  too  frequently  expe- 
rienced in  Ireland,  since  reliques  of  this 
nature  are  often  hastily  condemned  to  the 
crucible,  and  the  evidence  which  is  of  es- 
sential value  to  the  arch  geologist  is  lost.  In 
the  present  instance  he  had  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  a  very  large  treasure  had  been 
found  in  a  railway  cutting ;  the  great  mass 
of  the  gold  had  been  bought  by  a  jeweller 
in  Limerick  and  immediately  melted  down. 
The  remarkable  and  novel  types  presented 
by  the  few  pieces  which  had  come  into  the 
possession  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy, 
and  which  were  now  exhibited  to  the  Insti- 
tute, must  cause  great  regret  that  the 
entire  hoard  had  not  been  examined  by 
some  antiquary  cci^pctent  to  make  a  selec- 
tion. Mr.  Hawkins  offered  some  remarks 
on  the  law  of  treasure-trove,  and  the 
successful  manner  in  which  the  recent 
regulations  in  Denmark  had  operated. 
Mr.  Clayton,  of  Newcastle,  stated  some 
facts  which  had  occurred  in  the  North 
within  his  knowledge,  shewing  the  preju- 
dicial results  which  may  arise  from  the 
claim  ;  and  the  Rev.  John  Webb  offered 
some  remarks  to  the  same  effect,  citing  an 
important  discovery  of  Roman  aurei  in 
Worcestershire ;  he  observed  that  it  was  a 
circumstance  worthy  of  note,  that  Richard 
Coeur  de  Lion  lost  his  life  owing  to  the 
attempt  to  enforce  this  feudal  claim  at 
Chaluz. 

Mr.  Hawkins  gave  an  account  of  the  tes- 
sellated pavement  recently  found  in  London* 


620 


Antiquatnan  Researches. 


[June, 


The  principal  subject  appeared  to  be 
Ariadne  seated  on  a  panther,  and  all  the 
accompanying  ornaments  of  the  design 
were  of  a  iMcchanalian  character.  He 
supposed  that  it  had  probably  formed  the 
floor  of  a  banqueting-room.  The  design  is 
of  fine  character,  and  Mr.  Hawkins  had 
entertained  the  hope  that  the  pavement 
might  have  been  obtained  for  the  collec- 
tion of  national  antiquities  at  the  British 
Museum,  to  which  a  good  example  of  tes- 
sellated work  would  form  a  valuable  acces- 
sion ;  but,  as  he  was  informed,  it  had  been 
secured  for  the  Sydenham  Crystal  Palace. 
Mr.  Westwood  remarked  tliat  a  portion  of 
a  sepulchral  slab  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  age 
had  been  brought  to  light  in  the  same  ex- 
cavations which  had  disclosed  to  view  this 
mosaic  floor ;  and  he  hoped  that  it  would 
not  be  neglected,  as  such  reliques  are  of 
considerable  rarity  amongst  the  discoveries 
made  hitherto  in  London.  The  Rev.  T. 
Hugo  remarked  that,  as  he  had  been  as- 
sured, a  second  mosaic  floor  exists  adjoin- 
ing to  that  already  uncovered,  and  the 
portions  already  found  seemed  to  shew 
that  its  design  is  superior  to  that  of  the 
Ariadne. 

Mr.  O'Neill  exhibited  some  rubbings 
from  the  sculptures  on  crosses  at  Monas- 
terboice  and  Termonfechin ;  the  latter 
presenting  on  one  side  a  figure  crucified, 
and  on  the  other  a  figure  holding  a  cross 
in  the  left  hand,  and  a  staff"  with  a  double 
volute  in  the  right :  human  heads  are  intro- 
duced on  the  transverse  limbs.  Mr.  0*Neill 
sought  to  shew,  by  certain  examples  which 
he  produced,  that  the  origin  of  the  inter- 
laced or  riband  ornament  on  the  Irish 
crosses  had  been,  as  technically  termed, 
"  zoomorphic,''  or  derived  from  animal 
forms.  In  proof  of  this  assertion,  he  ad- 
duced examples  of  serpents  intertwined,  of 
interlaced  ornament  presenting  in  part 
serpent-forms,  and,  lastly,  triple  whorls 
and  interlaced  ornaments,  devoid  of  any 
trace  of  animal  forms.  This  curious  ques- 
tion appears  well  deserving  of  close  atten- 
tion, and  the  best  clue  to  the  true  chro- 
nology of  these  varied  types  of  ornament 
may  be  doubtlessly  obtained  from  MSS. 
of  which  the  date  can  be  ascertained,  in 
preference  to  sculptures  which  are  rarely 
assignable  to  any  precise  period. 

Dr. Todd  made  some  observations  upon 
these  sculptures  in  Ireland ;  and  he  stated 
that  a  very  curious  relique  had  recently 
been  communicated  to  the  Kilkenny  Ar- 
chfeological  Society,  which  had  excited 
much  attention.  It  was  a  short  staflT  of 
metal,  richly  wrought  in  the  style  of  the 
Irish  shrines  and  sacred  objects,  of  which 
so  fine  a  series  had  been  last  year  dis- 
played in  the  Arch»ological  Court,  formed 
under  Lord  Talbot's  dkectioii  atDuVAm, 


This  singular  object,  of  which  he  showed 
a  sketch,  bore  some  resemblance  in  form 
to  the  pastoral  staff  carried  by  bishops  and 
abbots  of  the  Greek  Church,  resembling  a 
crutch,  of  which  the  handle  or  cross-piece 
was  formed  with  two  heads  of  a  dragon, 
or  some  animal,  turned  upwards  and  re- 
curved. Mr.  Westwood  observed  that 
similar  objects  now  used  in  the  Russo- 
Greek  Church  are  represented  in  the  mag- 
nificent work  on  the  Antiquities  of  Russia, 
of  which  a  copy  had  recently  been  acquired 
for  the  British  Museum.  Mr.  Nightingale 
stated  that  the  pastoral  staff,  which  he 
had  seen  commonly  in  use  in  the  oriental 
churches,  bears  a  close  resemblance  in  form 
to  tlie  object  found  in  Ireland.  Its  con- 
struction appears,  however,  rather  to  in- 
dicate that  it  was  the  handle  which  served 
for  carrying  in  procession  some  sacred 
object  which  was  affixed  to  it. 

Mr.  Howlett  gave  a  detailed  account  of 
the  various  mechanical  means  for  facili- 
tating the  accurate  delineation  of  build- 
ings,  landscapes,  &c.,  and  suggested  a 
method  which  he  had  used  with  advantage, 
and  which  he  considered  well  adapted  for 
the  use  of  archseologists,  who  were  not 
adepts  in  the  art  of  design,  or  who  might 
desire  some  aid  in  rapidly  and  correctly 
producing  representations  of  any  objects 
which  fell  in  their  way.  Mr.  Howlett's 
mode  of  proceeding  is  to  draw  with  a 
crayon  upon  glass  placed  in  an  erect  frame, 
so  that  the  eye  being  fixed  by  means  of  a 
stationary  sight  or  point  of  view  in  front, 
the  objects  seen  through  the  transparent 
plane  might  be  delineated,  and  the  crayon 
fines  afterwards  traced  on  paper.  Mr. 
Hewlett  observed  that  it  would  be  very 
desirable  to  have  a  complete  survey  of  all 
national  monuments,  as  Government  had 
already  directed  the  Ordnance  Survey  of 
the  Geographical  and  Grcological  features 
of  the  British  Islands;  and  he  thought  that 
an  accurate  delineation  in  outline  by  some 
such  mechanical  means  might  prove  avail- 
able in  a  very  satisfactory  manner  for  such 
a  purpose.  Mr.  Le  Keux  suggested  that 
the  productions  of  photography  would  be 
infinitely  preferable,  both  in  detail  and  in 
their  unrivalled  accuracy. 

Mr.  Bernhard  Smith  brought  some  early 
weapons  of  stone  and  bronze,  and  two 
curious  daggers  of  Indian  workmanship. 
The  Rev.  T.  Hugo  exhibited  a  bronze 
armlet,  probably  Roman,  lately  found  in 
Bucklersbury.  Mr.  Figg  communicated 
the  discovery  of  an  enamelled  relique  of 
bronze,  in  a  tumulus  near  Lewes.  Mr. 
C.  Tucker  exhibited  several  beautiful  gold 
rings  found  in  Devonshire ;  one  of  them 
thus  inscribed, — '*  Droit  asaye  pur  fere 
quere  (cceur)  gaye;*'  a  diminutive  oval 
^aXcVk.  ol  t^t%vck\.  <%a^\Qu^  made  by  Henri 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


621 


Beraud ;  and  some  miniature  pieces  of 
plate,  date  about  1600.  Mr.  Forrest  sent 
some  fine  plates  of  enamelled  work ;  an 
alabaster  tablet  representing  the  martyr- 
dom of  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury ;  a 
curious  pewter  tankard  of  German  work, 
from  the  collection  of  Mr.  R.  Napier  of 
Glasgow;  and  other  medieval  objects.  Mr. 
Nightingale^exhibited  two  objects  of  terra- 
cotta from  Wiltshire  ;  one  of  them  a  per- 
forated disc  of  unknown  use,  the  other  a 
cresset  or  lamp,  probably  of  sacred  use, 
found  in  digging  a  grave  at  St.  Nicholas' 
Church,  Wilton. 

Amongst  other  ancient  relics  exhibi- 
ted, were  a  gold  ring,  inscribed  tout  mon 
cuer  avez,  with  figures  of  St.  Christopher 
and  St.  Margaret,  also  a  portion  of  early 
chasing  in  bronze,  twelfth  century-work, 
by  Mr.  Franks ;  a  collection  of  Spanish 
pavement  tiles  or  azuleios,  by  Mr.  Rohde 
Hawkins;  an  ornamental  brick  of  fine 
design,  of  Flemish  workmanship,  exhibited 
by  Messrs.  Bradbury  and  Evans,  lately 
found  in  rebuilding  their  extensive  pre- 
mises in  Whitefriars,  and  representing  in 
bold  relief  the  arms  and  devices  of  the 
Emperor  Charles  V.,  with  the  date  1542  ; 
an  impression  from  a  sepulchral  brass 
discovered  under  the  pewing  during  the 
recent  restorations  of  the  church  of  New- 
ark, Notts,  with  an  escutcheon  of  tlie  arms 
of  the  Drapers'  Company,  presented  to 
the  Collection  of  the  Institute  by  the  Rev. 
J.  Byron;  a  set  of  silver  toilet  implements 
with  a  seal  of  crystal  on  coloured  foils, 
dated  158;),  by  Mr.  Ilellyer. 

Mr.  Blackburn  exhibited  a  richly  sculp- 
tured ivoiy  horn,  of  oriental  work,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  long  time  preserved 
as  a  tenure  horn  of  some  jiroperty  in 
England,  but  its  history  had  not  been 
ascertained  ;  also  a  collection  of  beautiful 
point-lace  dresses  for  some  noble  infant 
in  the  earlier  part  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  and  a  richly  embroidered  shirt  or 
linen  tunic,  which  had  been  kept  as  a 
relic  in  Mr.  Blackburn's  family,  with  the 
tradition  that  it  had  belonged  to  Charles  I., 
and  hid  been  worn  by  him  at  his  execu- 
tion. It  bears  stains  of  blood.  This  relique, 
as  also  the  horn,  had  descended  to  the 
present  possessor  from  the  Hares,  of  Stow 
Hall,  Norfolk  ;  a  lady  of  that  family  hav- 
ing espoused  the  Lord  Keeper  Coventry, 
in  the  time  of  Charles  I.  The  Rev.  C. 
Manning  sent  a  representation  of  a  wooden 
frame,  found  in  one  of  the  windows  at 
Framinghani  Earl,  Norfolk,  probably  for 
fixing  the  "  fenestralle  ''  or  net-work, 
which  in  early  times  was  used  in  lieu  of 
glass.  Mr.  B.  Williams  exhibited  im- 
pressions from  the  ancient  mayoralty  seal 
of  London,  and  from  several  interesting 
seals  in  the  collections   of  M.  Metivier, 


in  Guernsey,  comprising  official  seals 
of  the  Channel  Islands,  with  several  of 
the  Grandison,  de  Pratellis,  Delacourt, 
Cheyne,  Turbenrille,  Albigni,  and  other 
families  of  note.  Mr.  Way  produced 
numerous  impressions  from  the  valuable 
examples  of  seals  found  by  Mr.  Ready 
amongst  the  muniments  of  Corpns  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  to  which  he  had  been 
Eermitted  to  have  access,  especially  a 
eautiful  seal  of  Sir  Peter  Courtenay,  in 
the  reign  of  Richard  II.  ;  and  a  seal, 
hitherto  unknown,  of  John  Baliol.  The 
collections  formed  by  Mr.  Ready  in  the 
muniment  rooms  of  Caius  College,  Pem- 
broke and  Queen's,  are  of  the  highest 
interest  to  the  collector  of  seals ;  and 
impr^sions  will  be  supplied  on  very  mo- 
derate terms,  on  application  to  Mr.  Ready, 
St.  Botolph's-strect,  Cambridge. 


BRITIall  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

April  13.  Annual  General  Meeting. 
Ralph  Bcrnal,  esq.  M.A.  President,  in  the 
chair. 

The  Auditors*  Report  was  presented 
and  received,  by  which  it  appeared  that 
during  the  last  year  9  associates  bad  died, 
one  foreign  memberand  one  correspondent, 
that  27  associates  had  withdrawn,  and  that 
1  ]  had  been  erased  for  non-payment  of 
their  subscriptions ;  80  associates  bad 
been  elected,  5  honorary  foreign  members, 
and  one  correspondent.  The  sum  of 
4-13/.  13 jr.  Od,  had  been  received,  and 
520/.  129.  9d.  paid  by  the  Treasurer,  in- 
cluding some  payments  for  illustrations, 
some  of  which  had  not  yet  been  used  in 
the  Journal.  The  great  number  of  papers 
and  the  necessary  illustrations  had  made 
such  demands  upon  the  finances  that  it 
was  resolved,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
diminution  of  their  number,  to  establish 
a  voluntary  donation  fund  in  addition  to 
the  annual  subscription,  and  upwards  of 
100/.  were  on  the  instant  subscribed. 
Mr.  Pettigrcw  read  notices  of  the  deceased 
members,  including  the  Earl  Ducie,  Lord 
Skelmersdale,  Sir  W.  Betbam,  J.  Dodsley 
CuflT,  esq.  S.  W.  Stevenson,  esq.  Sec,  which 
have  since  been  printed  in  the  Journal. 
Votes  of  thanks  to  the  officers,  auditors,  nnd 
others  who  had  rendered  services  to  the 
Society  during  the  year  were  passed,  and 
a  ballot  taken  for  officers  and  council  for 
the  ensuing  year,  when  the  following  were 
elected :  President j  R.  Bernal,  M.A.  ; 
Vice-Presidents,  J.  H.  Davis,  F.S.A.  Sir 
F.  Dwarris,  F.R.S.  F.S.A.,  J,  Heywood, 
M.P.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.,  John  Lee,  LL.D. 
F.R.S.  F.S.A..  T.  J.  Pettigrew,  F.R.S. 
F.S.A.,S.  R.  Solly,  F.R.S.  F.S.A.,E.  G. 
Harcourt  Vernon,  M.P.,  Sir  Gardner 
Wilkinson,  D.C.L.  F.R.S.;  lYeasurer,  T. 
J.  Pettigrew,  F.R.S.  Secretaries^  Charles 


622 


Antiquafian  Reiearckei^ 


[June^ 


Baily,  F.S.A.  Rev.  Thos.  Hugo,  M.A. 
F.S.A.,J.  R.  Planch^,  Rouge  Croi*:  For 
Foreign  Correspondence, W.  Beattie,  M.D. 
Regitlrar,  Curator,  and  lAbrarian,  Alfred 
White,  F.L.S.  ;  Draughtsman,  H.  C. 
Pidgeou ;  Council,  W.  J.  Ainsworth, 
F.S.A.,  A.  Ashpitel,  F.S.A.,  W.  H.  Black, 
H.  Syer  Cuming,  H.  Duesbary.  JoUn 
Ellis,  George  Godwin,  F.R.S.  F.S.A., 
Nath.  Gould,  F.S.A.,  J.  O.  Halliwell, 
F.R.S.  F.S.A.,  R.  Horman-Fisher,  G. 
Verc  Irving,  H.  Lawes  Long,  M.  P.  Lott, 
F.S.A  ,  C.  Lynch,  Wm.  Calder  Marshall, 
R.A.,  Wm.  Meyrick,  J.Whichcord,  F.S.A.; 
Auditors,  W.  H.  Palin  and  J.  Wimbridge, 
F.S.A. 

May  24.     T.  J.  Pettigrew,  esq.  V.P. 

Mr.  J.  Clarke,  of  Easton,  exhibited  a 
small  brass  coin  of  Constantinus  Tiberius, 
found  in  Suffolk.  (It  is  noticed  in  Aker- 
man's  Catalogue,  ii.  407).  He  also  com- 
municated the  particulars  of  the  discoTcry 
of  mural  paintings  in  Easton  Church, 
which  are  now  destroyed.  One  of  the 
figures,  of  which  a  tracing  was  sent,  repre- 
sented an  old  man,  apparently  a  captive, 
with  his  hands  fastened  behind  him,  about 
to  be  shot  by  an  archer  in  a  close  cap  and 
having  a  long  beard.  The  other  figures 
were  of  a  bishop,  a  king,  a  charlatan  on 
horseback  with  a  deep  conical  cap  and  a 
knot  of  ribbons  flying  from  the  top  of  it. 
The  Nativity  was  also  represented. 

Air.  Thompson  exhibited  a  much  cor- 
roded bronze  which  had  been  enamelled, 
and  represented  a  bird;  the  head  and  one 
of  bis  legs  were  wanting.  Mr.  Pcltigrew 
pronounced  it  to  be  Egyptian,  and  it  most 
probably  liad  belonged  to  a  standard ; 
the  bird  appeared  to  be  tlic  ibis.  It  had 
been  discovered  among  some  old  brass, 
and  its  history  therefore  unknown. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  exhiljited  a  small 
bronze  Hercules  found  in  New  Cannon 
Street,  and  another  from  York  was  also 
exhibited,  the  latter  of  a  more  ancient 
character. 

Mr.  Bennett  sent  a  drawing  of  the  porch 
of  Chalk  Church,  Kent,  representing  in 
its  sculpture  the  Whitsun  Ale.  This 
subject  has  been  copiously  treated  by  Mr. 
Douce  in  Carter's  Specimens  of  Ancient 
Sculpture  in  reference  to  St.  John's 
Church,  Cirencester. 

Mr.  Hay  exhibited  25  charters  relating 
to  the  Moreton  (Earl  Ducie)  family ;  they 
were  referred  for  particular  exaniination. 
Several  had  their  seals,  and  were  very 
perfect  They  belonged  to  the  14 th  and 
15th  centuries. 

Mr.  W.  W.  King  exhibited  several 
rubbings  from  interesting  brasses  of  the 
15th  century,  chiefly  from  St.  Alban*s. 

The  remainder  of  the  evening  was  oc« 
cupied  in  the  reading  of  n  long  paper  by 


Capt  Shortt,  of  Haavitne,  entitled ''NoIh 
of  a  Visit  to  Berry  CMtle  and  Sidbwy 
Castle,  the  Utter  eappoeed  to  be  tie 
Tidortis  or  Tidertie  of  tho  anonjmoH 
Ravennas,  in  die  coanty  of  Devon. " 

The  Chairman  announced  that  the 
Eleventh  Annnal  Congrese  woidd  be  hdA 
in  the  month  of  Angoet  next  at  Chepitov, 
and  that  Ragland,  Tlntem,  Carleon,  te 
would  form  objecta  for  the  escornoMk 
and  that  a  viait  woald  alao  be  pud  H 
BristoL 

Map  10.    T.  J.  Pettigrew,  eeq.  VJ. 

Mr.  Patrick  exhibited  a  large  gold  b^ 
trothal  ring,  formerly  in  the  poeseieiea  of 
Lord  Southampton ;  the  initials  were  B. 
and  S.  one  on  each  side  of  a  true  lorei's 
knot. 

Mr.  Whichcord  exhibited  an  early  riig 
of  orientalfabrication,and  a  fine  flint  spen^ 
head,  8  inches  in  lengthy  both  lately  CmbI 
at  Maidstone. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  exhibited  a  bi 
fibula  and  ring  belonging  to  the 
period,  and  another   antiqaity,   ■^«ft  k 
bronze,  found  in  Buckleraburjr. 

Mr.  C.  R.  Griffiths  exhibited  apieceof 
ancient  sculpture  which  has  been  lying  ia 
the  vaults  of  the  workhouse  of  St.  Martial 
parish  for  upwards  of  20  yeare.  Itva 
sepulchral  monument,  and  represents  dm 
figures.  Time  has  done  much  injury  to 
its  surface,  and  obscured  the  featore^  bift 
it  presents  a  specimen  of  good  art,  mA 
Mr.  Calder  Marshall  pronounced  it  to  bi 
Greek. 

Mr.  O'Connor  produced  a  large  ooUse* 
tion  of  antiquities,  chiefly  in  bronze,  tai 
found  in  different  parts  of  Irelsuid.  Upea 
tlieso  Mr.  Syre  Cuming  read  a  pepv 
descriptive  of  their  peculiar  charactevis&B. 

Mr.  Gunston  exhibited  the  rubbingof  Ae 
well-known  fine  brass  at  St.  Alban's  of  the 
Abbot  de  la  Mere,  of  Flemish  exccotloe 
and  remarkable  beauty. 

Mr.  Pettigrew  also  produced  rubbii0 
from  three  brasses,  taken  bj  MrTj. 
Clarke,  from  Easton  Church,  Saffblkv 
early  in  the  fifteenth  century,  ea  te 
armour  denoted,  though  no  inscriptieB 
now  remains  attached  to  it;  and  the  otbon 
of  two  members  of  the  Wingfield  family, 
bearing  date  1584  and  1601.  The  latter 
oflTerM  a  very  fine  example  of  the  fenale 
costume  of  the  time. 

An  interesting  discussion  relating  to 
the  preserration  of  brasses  in  churehaa. 
in  the  course  of  which  an  immense  nnmbar 
of  lost  ones  were  referred  to,  doacd  tiie 
meeting. 

KOCIKTY  OF  ANTiaUAniBS  OF  MBW 
CASTLK-UPON-TVNB. 

Mag  3.    Mr.  W.  H.  D.  Longatafle  raad 

a  paper  entitled  '*  The  Ensigiit  of  Svia* 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Hesearches. 


623 


burne  and  Woderington,"  and  exhibited 
a  gold  ring,  of  small  size,  which  was  found 
by  an  old  woman  at  Washington,  co.  Dur- 
ham ,  and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Ro- 
bert Davis,   esq.   of  Wrehenton  House. 
It  bears  the  motto  in  black  letter  Joye 
sans  fyn :  which  motto  stands  in  juxta- 
position to  the  standard  of  Widdrington, 
in  the  Visitation  of  1575.     Mr.    Long- 
staffe  is  inclined  to  attribute  this  relic  to 
the  reign  of  Edward  the  Fourth  ;  at  which 
period  Ralph  Woderington  married  Felicia, 
a  coheiress  of  Claxtonof  Horden,  co.  Dur- 
ham ;  and  he  conjectures  that  the  family 
motto  may  have  been  adopted  at  the  time 
of  that  marriage,  in  allusion  to  the  lady's 
christian  name.     The  chairman,  Mr.  John 
Clayton,  remarked  that  when  the  ancestral 
lands  of  the  Widdringtons  were  forfeited 
after  the  Rebellion  of  1745,  that  portion, 
in  the  county  of  Durham,  which  was  held 
by  the  last  Lord  in  right  of  his   wife,  a 
Tempest  of  Stella,  escaped  forfeiture,  as 
Lord  Widilrington  had  only  a  life-interest 
in  it  ;  and  the  present  owner,  Mr.  Towne- 
ley,  is    the   representative  of  the  female 
branch  of  the  family,  to  whom  it  passed. 


CAMBRIDGE  ANTIQUARIAN  SOCIETY. 

May  8.  The  Master  of  Gonvillc  and 
Caius  college  in  the  chair. 

It  was  announced  that  the  Society  had 
become  the  possessors  of  the  whole  of  the 
antiquarian  collections  of  the  late  Mr.  I. 
Deck. 

A  paper  was  read,  entitled  **  A  Notice 
of  Two  Catalogues  of  a  Monastic  Library,'' 
by  the  Master  of  Jesus  college.  These 
catalogues  are  preserved  in  the  library  of 
Jesus  college,  in  a  volume  which  formerly 
belonged  to  the  abbey  of  Revcsby,  in 
Lincolnshire.  'Ihe  oldest  of  them  is  pro- 
bably of  about  the  date  of  1H2,  and  the 
other  anterior  to  1200.  They  represent 
the  books  to  have  been  arranged  in  stalls, 
designated  by  the  letters  of  the  alphabet, 
and  the  classing  seems  to  have  been  made 
partly  in  reference  to  individual  authors  ; 
for  instance,  the  works  of  St.  Augustine 
are  in  one  stall,  of  Beda  in  another.  Their 
early  date  is  marked  especially  by  the 
absence  from  them  of  any  books  connected 
with  the  schoolmen. 

Mr.  J.  E.  B.  Mayor,  of  St.  John*8 
college,  read  some  very  interesting  and 
unpublished  letters  of  Matthew  Prior  and 
of  R.  Askham,  extracted  from  the  col- 
lection of  manuscripts  made  by  T.  Baker, 
of  St.  John's  college. 


NORTH  OXFORDSHIRE  ARCH.COLOOICAL 
SOCIETY. 

April  4. — At  the  quarterly  meeting 
held  at  Banbury  a  large  collection  of 
antiquities  was   exhibited,   among  which 


were  the  gloves  presented  by  Charles  I. 
to  the  Lord  Mayor  of  York,  and  a  letter 
relating  to  the  execution  of  King  Charles 
I.,  exhibited  by  Rev.  E.  Payne,  of  SwaU 
cliffe.  Rev.  J.  Hewitt,  of  Blozham, 
exhibited  a  silver  crucifix,  said  to  have 
been  worn  by  Charles  I.,  also  a  richly 
embroidered  bag  for  his  great  seal.  Mr. 
T.  Beesley,  of  Banbury,  an  original 
warrant  of  Sir  Wm.  Compton,  the  go- 
vernor of  Banbury  Castle,  to  the  constables 
of  Boddicote,  commanding  them,  upon 
pain  of  death,  to  bring  all  the  masons, 
carpenters,  and  sawyers  within  their  town- 
ship to  the  castle,  to  be  there  employed 
in  his  majesty's  service.  Rev.  G.  C. 
Payne,  who  occupied  the  chair,  read  the 
first  paper,  which  was  on  the  Execution 
of  Charles  I. ;  the  second  paper,  relative 
to  the  Civil  War  and  the  siege  of  Banbury, 
was  by  Lord  Alwyne  Compton  ;  the  third, 
by  Mr.  A.  B.  Rye,  was  on  the  Ancient 
Town  and  Camp  of  Madraarstone  ;  and 
the  fourth,  by  Mr.  E.  G.  Bruton,  was  on 
the  value  and  importance  of  Archaeology, 
and  its  influence  on  decorative  and 
ornamental  art. 


SUFFOLK  INSTITUTE  OF  ARCHiCOLOGY. 

April  27.  This  Society  held  its  annual 
meeting  at  Eye,  and,  notwithstanding  the 
very  inclement  weather  in  the  early  part 
of  the  morning,  was  attended  by  a  nu- 
merous party  of  archaeologists,  with  the 
noble  President  of  the  Institute,  the  Rev. 
Lord  Arthur  Hervey,  at  their  head,  and  a 
few  zealous  friends  from  the  Norfolk 
Archieological  Society.  The  first  place 
visited  was  the  interesting  Church  of 
Yaxley,  which  offers  many  attractions  to 
the  ecclesiolngist.  Its  porch,  of  late  per- 
pendicular work,  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
in  the  county,  with  some  curious  figures 
in  the  spandrila  of  the  arch  of  entrance. 
The  pulpit  is  the  finest  of  the  Jacobean 
period  in  the  county  ;  and  the  rood  screen, 
which  is  entire,  retains  the  figures  of  St. 
Clare,  St.  Dorothy,  St.  Barbara,  and  St. 
Mary  Magdalen,  which  adorned  the  lower 
panels  on  the  south  side.  In  the  chancel 
are  the  old  choir  seats,  a  Holy  Sepulchre, 
and  a  low-side  window,  and  the  east 
window  contains  some  fine  fragments  of 
painted  glass. 

The  party  next  proceeded  to  the  As- 
sembly Rooms  at  Eye,  where  the  annual 
report  of  the  Committee  was  read.  It 
stated  that  since  the  last  anniversary 
meeting  an  excellent  small  collection  of 
specimens  in  Natural  History  has  become 
the  property  of  the  Institute,  which  now 
embraces  within  its  range  of  inquiry  the 
natural  history  as  well  as  the  archaeology 
and  topography  of  the  entire  county  of 
Suffolk.    The  Committee  have  also  ac* 


624 


Antiquarian  Researches* 


rjuTCk 


cumulated  a  number  of  antiquities,  and 
hare  commenced  the  formation  of  a 
library  of  works  relative  to  the  county, 
or  written  by  Sufifolk  authors.  They  are 
also  desirous,  as  opportunities  offer,  of 
acquiring  not  only  antiquities,  origiual 
deeds,  and  MSS.,  but  views,  portraits, 
and  representations,  engraved  or  otherwii^e, 
in  any  way  illustrative  of  the  topography 
of  the  county. 

The  Rev.  J.  A.  Campbell  read  an 
interesting  memoir,  by  T.  W.  Barlow, 
esq.,  of  Manchester,  of  the  life  and 
labours  of  Dr.  William  Broome,  sometime 
vicar  of  Eye,  who  translated  eight  books 
of  the  Odyssey  for  Pope,  and  wrote  all  the 
notes,  receiving  for  his  labour  the  sum  of 
500/.  only,  and,  in  consequence  of  his 
complnintfl,  a  niche  in  the  Duncind  ; 
whilst  the  othrr  coadjutor,  Fenton,  got 
300/.  for  his  translation  of  only  four  books. 
The  books  translated  by  Dr.  Broome  were, 
according  to  Dr.  Johnson,  books  2,  G,  B, 
11,  12,  16,  18,  anda:*. 

The  Rev.  R.  Cobbold  then  explained  to 
the  meeting  a  curious  political  painting  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  referring  to  the 
religious  disscntions  of  that  unhappy 
period. 

Among  the  antiquities  exhibited  were  — 
by  I^rd  Henuiker  and  the  Rev.  S.  AV. 
Bull,  a  British  cinerary  urn,  and  part 
of  another  found  in  1U51  at  Stoke 
Ash,  ou  the  north  side  of  the  rivulet  below 
the  ehurch  ;  and  some  fragments  of  other 
vesiels,  celt,  &c. — By  Sir  E.  C.  Kerrison, 
Bart,  two  computi,  or  rentals  of  lordahips 
Iand.4,  manors,  ^ce.,  in  the  eonntie.s  of 
Suffolk,  Norfolk,  Essex,  &e.,  belonging  to 
Sir  Thomas  Cornwaleys*,  of  Brome  Hall, 
in  the  lOth  and  3()th  Eli/.— By  the  Hev. 
C  R.  Manning,  ten  gold  Koniin  eoiii;i, 
found  at  Eye  in  M«iy  17>^l  :  several 
hundred  of  them  were  found  at  the  time, 
chiefly  of  the  Emperors  llonorius  and 
Arcadius,  in  a  leaden  box  ;  and  near  them 
were  some  human  boiiuM.  A  sninll  gold 
pendant  ornament  of  the  Saxon  period 
found  at  Palgrave  in  lKr»l.  A  subsidy 
roll  of  lloxne  Hundred,  17  ('hns.  I.— By 
Mrs.  Chencry,  a  small  ma/er-cup,  set  iu 
silver ;  and  a  metal  box  of  Dutch  work- 
manship, of  the  seventeenth  century,  en- 
graven on  one  side  with  the  Creation  of 
Adam  an.l  Eve,  and  on  the  other  the  Temp- 
tation.— By  Mrs.  Edgar  Chenery,  of  Eye, 
wnx  impressions  of  seals  of  Henry  VII. 
(pro  brcvibus  coram  justiciariis),  Henry 
VIII.  (Exchequer  Seal),  and  Queen  Mary  ; 
also  an  elegant  silver  basket  for  confec- 
tionery.— By  the  Rev.  Henry  Creed,  an 
early  watch  made  by  Robert  Fenn,  I/ondon, 
one  of  the  first  members  of  the  Clockmakers* 
Company,  temp.  Chas.  I.  :  it  is  a  beau- 
tiful specimen  of  stud-work  upon  tor- 
8 


toiseshell,  and  worki  with  m  chain,  one  of 
the  earliest  made.     An  Engliah  watch  (oat 
of  the  first  made)  attached  to  a  oootam- 
porary  dial  plate,  oonatmcted  of  catgut 
instead  of  a  chain,  which  waa  not  thea 
invented.     The    maker     waa    "  Edwivi 
East,  Londini."    He  waa  appointed  one 
of  the  Assistants  on  the  establiahmeat  of 
the  Clockmakert'  Company  in  1681,  hy 
Charter  of  Charles  I.    Thia  dial  watch  h 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Marah,  of  DiiL 
Beautifully  carred  ivory  tobacco-stopper. 
A    leaden  medal    in    commemoration  of 
the  Peace  concluded  with    the  Dutch  at 
Breda,  June  29,  1667.     Obvcrae  in  eicr- 
guc,   '*  Rcdiit  Concordia    Mater    Breda. 
June   1667."     Reverse,    «*  Mitia  et  For* 
tis."      In  exergue,  "  Procnl   Hinc  Mah 
Bestis    Regois.      Jane    S9,     1667."    A 
silver  taper  stand,  used  in  burning  a  light 
before  the  image  of  the  Virgin,  or  a  saint, 
in  the  fourteenth  century. — By  the  Rev. 
H.  Todd,  a  black  jack,  of  a  quart  measure, 
tipped  with   silver,  from   Cornwall.     Bf 
Mr.  T.  G.  Youngman,  some  needlewoifci 
supposed  to  be  of  the  time  of  Henry  YlL 
— By  Mr.  Samuel  Tymma  ;    a  ring  with 
cameo  onyx  of  Assyrisn  head.      A  leadea 
token  of  very  ancient  date  with  the  name  of 
'*  John  Edwards  *'  thereon,  found  in  Bary 
St.  Edmund  V.     Sulphur  and  gutta-percha 
impressions  of  the  seals  of  the  Burgesici 
of  Eye  ;  the  honour  of  Eye  ;  and  the  Priory 
of  Eye.    A    seal    of    Ethilwald,  Bisliop 
of  Dunwich,  from  silver  matrix   found  it 
Eye.      Seal    of   Butley   Priory,   Suffolk, 
from   a  deed  dated  4  Edw.   1 V.  in  Caiu 
college,  Cambridge.     Seal  of  Michael  De 
1.1  Pole,  first  Earl   of  Suffolk  ;  and  sed 
of   Michael    Stttnho])e,  VIce-Admind    of 
Suffolk,      liiedited    seal   of   Thomas  de 
Tot'ington,  Abbot  of  Bury  in   1.^U8.     A 
quarter  noble  of  Edw.  IV.  struck  after  tlie 
victory  nt  Mortimer's  Crosit  found  in  the 
cliurchyard.  Bury. 

After  examining  the  I^iocal  Museum,  the 
con)))any  procteded  to  the  castle,  where 
the  Rov.  11.  Creed  read  an  account  of  the 
Castle  Ilill,  and  its  adjacent  earthworks^ 
tracing  it  through  the  British,  Roman, 
and  Norman  times ;  the  builder  of  Eye 
Castle,  Robert  Malet ;  and  the  holders  of 
the  castle  and  honour  of  Eye  from  EdiiCt 
falconer  to  Edward  the  Confessor,  to  the 
present  owner,  Sir  E.  C.  Kerrison,  Bart.; 
and  pointed  out  the  remains  of  the  earth- 
work and  Norman  masonry,  as  well  as  the 
extent  of  it  originally. 

The  visitors  afterwards  went  to  the 
church,  where  the  Rer.  II.  Creed  directed 
attention  to  all  its  msny  beauties,  both 
externally  and  internally,  showing  frain 
documentary  evidence  the  dates  of  fSbm 
various  parts,  and  explaining  their  van 
and  intentions.    The  tower,  of  the  V^ 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


6S5 


pendicular  period,  is  very  magnificent,  and 
the  contemporary  porch  large  and  hand- 
some. The  latter  appears  not  to  haye 
been  finished,  the  series  of  trefoil- headed 
panels  having  neyer  been  faced  iK-ith  the 
cut  flint- work,  which  forms  so  striking  a 
feature  of  the  church-work  of  this  period. 
In  the  interior  is  a  perfect  rood-screen, 
with  much  of  the  original  gilding  and 
colour  remaining :  and  in  the  lower  panels 
on  either  side  may  still  be  seen  the  figures 
of  saints,  which  added  much  to  its  original 
beauty. 

It  was  intended  to  have  adjourned  from 
the  church  to  the  Priory  Farm ;  where 
some  few  fragments  of  the  conyentnal 
buildings  still  exist,  with  a  curious  series 
of  small  moated  inclosures,  but  time 
would  not  permit. 

On  the  7th  of  July  the  Institute 
anticipate  the  honour  of  entertaining  the 
members  of  the  Archcological  Institute  of 
Great  Britain,  who  propose  to  come  over 
to  Bury  from  their  Annual  Meeting  at 
Cambridge. 

NORFOLK  AND  NORWICH  ARCHiBOLO- 
6ICAL  SOCIETY. 

April  2U.  The  Rev.  John  Gunn  read 
an  interesting  paper  respecting  the  pa- 
rishes of  Irstead  and  Barton  Turf.  The 
turf  formation  in  the  valleys  of  Barton 
Turf  and  Irstead,  from  the  rapidity  of  its 
conversion  from  water  to  solid  land,  is 
singularly  adapted  for  the  preservation  of 
any  articles  that  may  have  been  accident- 
ally dropped  into  the  water,  as  coins, 
crockery,  and  every  description  of  imple- 
ments or  utensils — ancient  canoes  or  boats, 
skeletons  of  men  and  animals.  Some 
coins  of  Edward  III.  were  found  in  cut- 
ting turf,  about  two  feet  beneath  the  pre- 
sent surface,  near  the  boundaries  of  Cat- 
field  and  Irstead,  proving  that  water  pre- 
vailed on  the  surface,  and  indicating  also 
the  depth  which  covered  the  ground  while 
such  coins  were  current.  The  mode  in 
which  turf  beds  are  formed,  and  water  is 
converted  into  terra  firma,  Mr.  Gunn  has 
observed  during  his  residence  at  Irstead, 
now  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century.  There 
U  a  magnificent  broad,  part  in  Barton 
Turf  and  part  in  Irstead,  besides  another 
smaller  one;  and  in  many  parts  where  he 
could  sail  his  boat  twenty-four  years  ago 
in  part  of  Barton  and  Irstead  Broad,  he 
can  now  walk  without  wetting  his  feet ; 
and  where  land  was  in  the  same  condition 
ns  that  which  will  now  just  bear  his 
weight,  heavy  cattle  are  feeding  and  carts 
and  horses  are  borne  upon  it.  The  pro- 
cess by  which  these  changes  are  effected 
is  this — sedge  and  rushes  grow  at  certain 
depths  in  the  water,  and  if  not  oit  down 
annually,  their  roots  lose  their  hold  in  the 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XLI. 


muddy  soil,  and  rise,  forming  floating 
masses  or  small  islands.   These  are  drifted 
about  by  the  wind  and  currents,  till  they 
settle  in  some  spot  where,  if  the  water  is 
deep,  they  float  upon  the  snrftiee  till  they 
gradually  decay  and  sink  to  the  bottom, 
and  successive  layers  silt  or  fill  up  the 
deep  water,  or  if  it  be  shallow,  the  floating 
islands  are  stranded,  and  soon  form  solid 
land.    This  process,  which  is  a  matter  of 
observation,  will  account  for  the  finding 
roots  of  rushes  deposited  at  great  depths 
beneath  the  surAu»,  apparently  as  if  they 
had  grown  there,  ten  or  twenty  feet  be- 
neath the  level  of  the  water.    It  has  been 
by  no  means  uncommon  to  find  human 
bones  associated  with  the  bones  of  deer, 
and  of  the  Bos  primigenins,  at  a  consider- 
able depth  beneath  the  turf  deposit. 
'     Mr.  Gunn  next  introduced  some  obser- 
vations on  the  changes  which  have  ttkea 
place  in  the  customs  and  modes  of  life  of 
the  inhabitants  since  the  decay  of  what 
may  be  termed  the  manorial  system.    At 
one  time  there  was  a  sub-division  of  the 
Irstead  manor    into    "  the   Lower   and 
Upper ;  **  and  when  we  consider  that  but 
a  small  part  of  the  acreage  of  this  parish 
was  then  nnder  plough,  compared  with 
what  there  is  at  present,  it  must  be  a 
matter  of  surprise  uiat  a  lord  of  the  manor 
at  that  time  could  maintain  his  dignity, 
and  occupy  the  spacious  halls  which  still 
bear  evidence  of  his  state.    The  diflicalty 
of  accounting  for  this  is  increased  by  the 
fact  that  two  or  three  entire  parishes  are 
required  to  maintain   the  establishment 
of  one  country  squire  at  the  present  day. 
In  explanation  of  this  Mr.  Gunn  suggested 
that  *'  the  extent  of  water,  rough  woiodland, 
and  morasses,  furnished  the  lords  of  the 
manor  of  the  olden  time  with  amusement 
and  occupationin  hunting,  hawking,  fishing, 
otter  hunting,  and  badger  baiting,  every 
day  in  the  week,  besides  the  necessity  for 
destroying  pole-cats  and  foxes.   They  ftir- 
nished  his  table  also  with  venison,  game, 
and  fish  in  abundance.    The  villains  were 
engaged  in  cultivating  the  soil,  and  fur- 
nished sufficient  com  for  food  and  barley 
to  cheer  them  all  with  the  old  English 
beverage.    Thus  they  had  no  occasion  to 
travel  for  amusement  sake,  or  to  indulge 
in  expensive  foreign  wines  for  their  ezhi- 
liration.     It  appears  to  me  that  a  satis- 
factory solution  is  thus  afforded  to  the 
problem  how  tiie  dignity  of  the  lords  of 
manors  could  be  maintained  on  so  smsJl 
an  area  as  was  under  their  jurisdiction. 
We  read  too  of  their  driving  their  car- 
riages and  four  horses,  and  this  gives  ni 
an  idea     of  considerable  style.     Their 
horses,  however,  were  employed  in  colti- 
vating  the  land,  and  occasionally  taken 
from  the  cart  and  applied  to  tiie  oarriage  t 

4L 


626 


Antiqumian  Researchei. 


[June« 


and,  considerinff  tbo  state  of  the  roadfl, 
horses  of  that  description  were  the  only 
ones  adapted  for  the  work.  So  late  as 
1780,  when  Mr.  Norris  went  out  in  his 
carriage  in  full  style,  four  black  horses 
were  Uken  from  agricultural  work  and  had 
their  long  tails  (which  generally  hung  up 
in  the  carriage-bouse)  screwed  or  otherwise 
fastened  on  for  the  occasion.  The  material 
of  clothes,  too,  was  far  more  durable  than  at 
present,  although  very  splendid  and  costly 
at  first.  It  appears,  therefore,  that  to 
form  an  effectiTe  history  of  by-gone  times, 
we  ought  to  be  furnished  with  such  data 
as  Bishop  Stanley  suggests,  including  the 
acreage  of  the  parishes  from  time  to  time, 
the  prices  of  commodities  and  of  labour 
especially,  and  the  various  customs  relat- 
ing to  the  sports  of  the  time  and  military 
services/' 

Mr.  Gunn  also  produced  extracts  from 
the  parish-registers,  which  extend  back  to 
the  very  earliest  date  of  1538. 

Mr.  Harrod  laid  on  the  table  a  plan  of 
Walsingham  abbey,  as  indicated  by  recent 
excavations,  which  he  stated  tliat  Mr.  Lee 
Warner  was  quietly  continuing:  and  the 
Rev.  C.  R.  Manning  read  some  architec- 
tural notices  of  the  church  of  Hellington, 
about  seven  miles  to  the  south-east  of 
Norwich. 


YORKSHIRE  ANTIdUARIAN  CLUB. 

April  19.  Mr.  Procter  gave  an  account 
of  the  discovery  of  the  remains  of  a  Roman 
villa,  recently  made  about  three  miles  from 
Thorp  Arch.  The  8ite  is  a  lield  known  by 
the  name  of  Dal  ton  Parlours,  and  which, 
before  the  inclosure,  formed  part  of  Clif- 
ford Moor.  It  was  formerly  called  Abbey 
Field,  from  tlie  remains  of  walls  then  ex- 
isting, and  which  were  removed  about  the 
year  1806.  The  field  is  now  tilled,  and  at 
various  periods  coins,  tiles,  and  other  re- 
mains of  Roman  occupation  have  been 
ploughed  up.  During  the  present  spring 
the  Rev.  B.  Eamonson,  of  CoUingham, 
and  F.  R.  Carroll,  esq.  of  Thorp  Arch, 
decided  to  examine  tlie  site,  and  invited 
several  gentlemen  to  view  the  result.  The 
portion  of  the  villa  thus  discovered  con- 
sists, in  the  first  place,  of  two  rooms,  with 
the  remains  of  hypocausts.  The  western 
one,  which  measured  H  ft.  G  in.  by  8  ft.  2  in. 
had  five  rows  of  pillars,  each  row  being  five 
in  number,  built  of  the  usual  flat  Roman 
tiles,  and  three  feet  in  height.  This  room 
had  been  much  larger,  but  part  had  been 
previously  destroyed  and  its  boundaries 
obliterated.  At  its  western  end  were  the 
remains  of  a  fire-place,  On  the  east  it 
was  bounded  by  a  wall,  communicating 
with  a  second  hypocaust  by  an  opening 
like  a  flue.  This  chamber  was  nearly  of 
the  same  sise,  and  had  pillara  of  stone  aa 


well  as  of  tile,  the  lame  in  number  nd 
arrangement  as  wm  obaerved  in  the  6nt 
These  pillars  seem  to  haTe  mppiMted  a 
floor  of  thick  concrete*  laid  on  tUei  or 
flags,  passing  acroM  the  top  of  the  piUiiii 
Amongst  the  remaint  were  found  a  nnaliv 
of  square  hollow  tiles,  with  an  opemng  ia 
one  side  for  the  conteyance  of  hot  dr. 
At  the  eastern  end  of  thia  eecond  hypo- 
caust was  a  space  of  18  feet  lon^,  whieh 
had  not  been  excavated  except  by  a  braal 
trench  extending  diagonally  acroia  it,  which 
revealed  nothing  but  a  large  number  off 
tesserse,  which  had  probably  formed  pert 
of  a  floor.    Beyond  thii  waa  a  alab  of  coa- 
cretc,  7  feet  by  2  feet,  and  grooved  at  one 
corner,  as  if  to  allow  the  eacape  of  water; 
this  had  no  donbt  formed  the  bottom  of  a 
bath ;  and  further  on  waa  found  a  groofoA 
channel  set  in  stones,  and  in  connectioa 
with  the  grooved  corner  of  the  slab  off 
concrete.    The  excavations  will  be  con* 
tinned.    Numeroos  skeletons  have 
found  near  the  remains,  and  in  one 
interment  under  tiles  seems  to  have 
adopted.    Coins  of  Antoninus  Pius,  Poi- 
tumus,  Constantino,  &c.  have  been  foaii 
in  the  locality. 

Mr.  Pritchett,  jun.  exhibited  seveni 
Greek  and  Roman  coins  found  near  Ripoa. 
He  also  produced  a  skull  which  had  ie> 
cently  been  dug  out  of  a  barrow  at  Aldro. 

Mr.  Cook  showed  a  silver  coin  of  Ediei, 
and  a  Roman  bell,  both  found  near  York. 

Other  Roman  relics,  found  lately  at  the 
Mount,  near  York,  were  also  ezsminod 
by  the  members. 

KILKENNY  AND  80UTH-BA8T  OF  IBBUOn 
ARCH^OLOOICAL  80CIBTT. 

At  the  March  meeting  of  this  society  it 
was  joined  by  the  Earl  of  Rosse,  Sir  J. 
Bernard  Burke,  and  several  other  new 
members. 

The  Rev.  Constantino  Cosgrave,  P.P^ 
Keash,  fiallymote,  forwarded  a  com- 
munication on  the  district  of  Dunaveera|^ 
in  the  county  of  Sligo,  in  one  of  the 
valleys  of  which  called  Carrick>no-horaa 
stand  a  number  of  huge  primeval  monn- 
ments.  The  most  prominent  of  these  is 
one  known  as  *'  Rocking-stones,"  and,  at 
a  distance  from  it  of  about  nine  feet,  is  a 
cromlech  of  corresponding  proportions. 
The  superincumbent  alab  is  in  the  nsool 
sloping  position,  and  possesses  all  the 
characteristics  of  the  class  of  antionitiflB 
to  which  it  belongs,  sJthoQgh  oeeplj 
marked  by  the  decaying  hand  of  tia& 
The  glens  of  this  district,  perhaps  the 
most  romantic  and  beaatiftd  in  Irehnd, 
are  particularly  noted  as  being  the  pasMS 
through  which  the  O'Donnells,  Princes  of 
Tirconnell,  invariably  mardied  thoir  IbroiB 
when  oi(  their  way  to  the  connty  Cluib 


1854.] 


Antiquarian  JReiearchet. 


627 


for  the  purpose  of  enforcing  their  su- 
premacy over  that  and  the  adjoining 
territories.  Here  it  was  that  Con  O^Don- 
nell  encountered  MacDermott,  Prince  of 
Moylarg,  and  here  he  was  deprived  of  the 
talismanic  cathach,  or  battler,  which  had 
the  alleged  privilege  of  ensuring  victory  to 
its  possessor.  It  consisted  of  a  manu-* 
script  of  the  Psalms,  asserted  to  have  been 
written  by  St  Columbkille,  in  the  sixth 
century.  Here  also  occurred  the  conflict 
between  Red  Hugh  O'Donnell's  forces 
and  those  of  Elizabeth  commanded  by  Sir 
Conyers  Clifford,  in  which  the  latter  were 
defeated  and  their  commander  slain.  The 
spot  where  this  event  took  place  is  indi- 
cated by  a  monument,  which  is  kept  in 
suitable  repair  by  Viscount  Lorton. 

William  Hackett,  Esq.,  of  Midleton, 
suggested  an  interesting  field  for  invei- 
tigation  in  the  exploration  of  some  of 
those  ancient  heaps  of  burned  stones 
scattered  through  the  country,  known  in 
the  county  Cork  as  "  Falloch  Fia  "  (i.t. 
Fenian  feasts),  in  Tippenry  as  **  Deer 
Roasts,"  and  in  Ulster  as  <<  Giants' 
Cinders."  He  described  some  investi- 
gations made  on  this  subject  in  South 
Munster,  the  result  of  which  was,  that 
those  heaps  of  stones — which  were  evi- 
dently primeval  cooking-hearths — usually 
formed  a  kind  of  crescent  crater,  em- 
bracing a  pool  of  water.  In  several 
instances  wooden  troughs  were  found, 
formed  in  the  hollow  of  a  large  tree,  the 
use  of  which  manifestly  was  to  boil  water, 
by  passing  heated  stones  in  at  one  end  and 
out  at  the  other  in  rapid  succession.  He 
had  seen  one  such  trough  formed  of 
boards  and  trenails  displaying  no  mean 
skill  in  carpentry.  Another  was  con- 
structed of  marl  brought  to  a  hardness 
equal  to  stone  ;  it  was  in  a  crater  four  feet 
in  diameter.  The  average  dimensions  of 
those  troughs  might  be  given  as  6  feet 
long,  2  feet  broad,  and  1|  deep,  except  the 
hollowed  trees,  which  were  sometimes 
longer  and  narrower.  Mr.  Hackett 
stated  he  had  remarked  indications  of  the 
existence  of  heaps  of*' Giants*  Cinders" 
in  the  county  of  Kilkenny,  near  Bennets- 
bridge,  Luke's  Well,  and  other  places,  and 
he  had  no  doubt  they  would  well  repay 
examination. 

Mr.  Prim  communicated  some  docu- 
ments relative  to  Old  Kilkenny  C^nal, 
projected  about  a  century  ago. 

An  important  paper  from  the  pen  of  Dr. 
Aquilla  Smith  was  then  read,  being  a 
complete  literary  history  of  the  carioos 
and  remarkable  coin  called  "the  St. 
i'atrick's  Money.'*  Dr.  Cane  in  the  first 
volume  of  the  Society's  Transactions  had 
first  called  attention  to  Uiis  numismatic 
puzzle,    in    his    communicatioii   on    the 


Ormonde  coin  and  Confederate  mon^. 
Dr.  Smith,  havhig  quoted  Evelyn,  Dis- 
course of  Medalsi  p.  133,  and  plate 
Iziv. ;  Tfaoresby,  Ducatns  lieondiensii, 
p.  378,  n.  481 ;  Nichol8<m,  Irish  Hifto- 
rical  Library,  p.  170  ;  Leake,  Hittoricel 
Account  of  English  Money ;  Harrit'a 
Ware,  vol.  ii.  p.  219 ;  and  Simon,  Irish 
Coins,  p.  48 ;  controverted  Dr.  Cane's 
reasoning  seriatim,  and  in  doing  so 
endeavoured  to  establish  hii  own  tiew  of 
iht  subject,  which  is  to  the  effect  that  the 
coin,  of  which  there  are  several  varieties, 
was  struck  as  a  private  token  immediately 
after  the  Restoration,  and  that  Dablin 
was  probably  the  place  of  its  mintage. 

Ma^  3.  Among  numerous  presents  this 
day  made,  was  the  brass  matrix  of  a  seal 
of  the  thirteenth  century  found  in  a  field 
near  the  workhouse  at  Kilkenny  t  bearing 
an  escutcheon  charged  with  a  lion  rampanL 
and  ronnd  the  verge  the  inscription,  a' 

THOMH    PIL'    HKNRIOI    D*    KOS.       It  WSS 

conjectured  that  this  Thomas  de  Ros  was 
a  monk  of  St.  John^s  abbey,  and  men* 
tioned  in  the  patent  roll  of  1288,  which 
records  that  '*  Brother  Robert,  prior  of  the 
monastery  of  St  John,  Kilkenny,  being 
worn  out  with  age,  ^>pointed  as  his 
attorneys  Richard  le  Whyte  and  Thomas 
de  Ros." 

With  reference  to  his  communication  on 
the  *'  Giants*  Cinders  '*  at  the  previous 
meeting,  Mr.  Hackett  sent  some  notices 
of  another  class  of  ancient  indicia,  hitherto 
unnoticed.  They  are  subterranean  sewer- 
like  passages,  constructed  of  dry  stones, 
frequently  met  with  in  fields  where  there 
is  no  vestage  of  buUding  or  other  works* 
Having  ascertained  tlMt  they  are  not 
drains,  nor  in  any  way  sepnldiral,  Mr. 
Hackett  suggested  that  Uiey  were  intended 
as  boundary  lines,  and  expressed  his  belief 
that  the  baked  clay  urns,  containing  diar- 
coal,  which  have  frequently  been  fonnd, 
and  generally  regarded  as  sepulchral,  were 
also  hidden  boundary  witnesses,  sach  as 
are  described  in  the  laws  of  theOentoos.-— 
Mr.  Graves  remarked  that  the  Gentoo 
law  referred  to  presented  a  striking  re- 
semblance to  some  passages  in  the  Brehon 
laws  of  Ireland  relative  to  ancient  boun* 
daries;  and  remarked  that  it  would  be 
interesting  to  ascertain  whether  any 
Ogham  inscriptions  were  deposited  in  thmt 


ORBSK  SLtNO-BULLSTS. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Cork 
Cnvierian  Society,  Ricluffd  Caolfidd,  esq. 
B.A.  eahibited  several  leaden  sling-bidlets, 
in  the  shape  of  almonds,  bearing  Greek 
inscriptions,  which  were  discovered  sosse 
years  since  by  CapL  James  CoUknrst,  asdd 
the  mintf  of  the  Cyekipean  walls  ol  AmMi 


628 


Foreign  News. 


[Jane^ 


the  ancient  capital  of  Cepbalonia.  The 
first  exhibited,  which  weighs  1  oz.3  dwts., 
is  inscribed  NIKENPH,  and,  beneath,  the 
word  ATO ;  a  passage  from  Diodorus  Si- 
cuius  shows  the  use  of  the  same  word. 
This  legend  may  be  interpreted  "  I  bore 
off  a  victory  twice."  No.  2  was  inscribed 
•BA2IAE02,  "the  King's"— probably  used 
by  the  royal  body-guards,  or  some  com- 
pany maintained  at  the  King's  expense. 
Nos.  3, 1, 5,  bore  tlie  same  legend,  of  which 
the  letters  EPAI  alone  are  visible.  No. 
6,  niPAT,  probably  some  imperative  form 
from  the  verb  ^i^ew^  and  may  signify 
"  try  me."  Mr.  Caultield  produced  two 
other  sling-bullets  from  the  cabinet  of  Mr. 
W.  Leycester ;  each  of  them  weighed 
about  3  oz.  2  dwts.  The  legends  were 
very  perfect  No.  1,  ArE2IAAT2.  Mr. 
Caulfield  quoted  a  passage  from  an  ancient 
gloss  to  show  that  this  was  a  name  given 
to  Pluto.  No.  2,  legend  API2TEIAES. 
There  was  a  noble  Athenian  of  this  name, 
surnamed  Justus,  and  the  legend  probably 
meant  to  convey  an  idea  that  those  who 
used  it  would  see  justice  done.  The  words 
*AIXE  (appear),  AEXAI  (take  this),  AEPE 


(desist),  have  been  inicrtbed  on  otlien 
Some  of  the  bullete  hara  been  fomd 
weighing  as  moch  aa  an  Attic  pomd, 
and  specimens  have  been  found  on  tbt 
plains  of  Marathon  ami  Corcjm  at  Athene 
They  were  sometimes  aeed  as  a  wanubg 
by  secret  friends  in  an  enemy's  camp. 
Thus,  when  Sylla  laid  siege  to  Atheos, 
and  the  city  was  reduced  bj  famine,  a 
secret  friend  within  the  walls  infbrnicd 
the  Roman  general  that,  on  the  folloviag 
night,  Achelans  (the  general  of  MitlH 
ridiates)  intended  to  intioduce  some  pro* 
visions  for  the  Piraeus ;  the  informatioa 
was  inscribed  on  a  sliog:  bnllet.  Rylla 
was  thus  enabled  to  intercept  the  snpply. 
Mr.  Caulfield,  in  the  coarse  of  his  paper, 
quoted  several  other  ancient  anthers  ia 
reference  to  this  curious  subject ;  whiehf 
it  will  be  recollected,  was  discussed  a  few 
years  ago  in  a  paper  by  Mr.  Emert 
Hawkins  read  before  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  London,  and  printed  in  the 
Archseologia.  In  our  Magasine  for  March, 
p.  298,  will  also  be  found  a  description  of 
some  inscribed  sling-bullets  recently  ex- 
hibited to  the  same  Society. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


The  text  of  the  treaties  of  Conttanti^ 
nople  and  Berlin  has  been  published.  The 
former,  which  was  signed  on  the  12th  of 
March  by  Gen.  Baraguay  d'Hilliers,  Lord 
Stratford  de  Redcliflre,and  Redschid  Pasha, 
as  plenipotentiaries  for  their  respective 
sovereigns,  engages  the  western  powers 
to  send  assistance  by  land  u.s  well  as  sea 
to  the  support  of  the  Ottoman  empire,  and 
provides  for  the  action  of  the  allied  army 
without  control  or  interference  on  the  part 
of  the  Turkish  government,  which,  how- 
ever, is  bound  to  aflTord  every  aid  and 
facility  for  their  accommodation  and  sup- 
ply It  is  likewise  agreed  that  no  separate 
overtures  for  peace  shall  be  received  by 
any  of  the  contracting  powi-rs,  and  es- 
pecially that  the  Sultan  shall  conclude  no 
armistice  or  engage  in  any  negociation  for 
a  peace  without  the  consent  of  his  allies. 
Lastly,  the  Emperor  of  the  French  and  her 
Britannic  Majesty  engage  to  withdraw  from 
the  Ottoman  territory  immediately  on  the 
conclusion  of  a  peace,  and  to  give  up  to 
the  Turkish  authorities  all  the  fortresses 
or  positions  they  may  have  occupied  with- 
in forty  days  from  the  exchange  of  the 
ratification  of  a  treaty  by  which  the  war 


shall  be  terminated.    The  treaty  of  BerliB 
of  the  20th  of  April  binds  the  contracClBf 
powers  of  Austria  and  Prussia  to  a  strict 
offensive  and  defensive  alliance.     It  ststH 
the  regret  with  which  these  GoTemmcali 
have  seen    the    outbreak    of    hostilitiss 
between  Russia  and  the  Western  Powers^ 
and  engages  them  to  continue  their  efforts 
for  a  pacification.     It  provides  that  if  one 
of  the  powers  (Austria)  should  find  it  ne> 
cpssary  to  take  an  active  part,  the  other 
would  take  measures  to  protect  that  action; 
but  that  if  Russia  should  advance  bejrond 
the  line  of  the  Balkans  both  shonid  de* 
clare  war.    The  continued  occapation  of 
the  Principalities  for  an  indefinite  period 
or  their  annexation  to  Russia  would  liko* 
wise  form  a  ground  for  a  declaration  of 
war.     Power  is  reserved  for   the   other 
German  States  to  join  the  Alliance.     It  Is 
reported  that  the  Govemmeate  of  Hanover, 
Wurtemburg,  and  Bavaria,  hare  already 
sent  in  their  adhesion. 

France. — Generals  d'Hsntpoul,  Bara- 
guay d'Hilliers,  and  Omano,  are  to  he 
raised  to  the  rank  of  Marshals.  Two  lane 
camps  are  to  be  formed,  oae  of  100,000 
men  near  St.  Omer  and  the  other  of 


1854.] 


Foreign  News. 


629 


50,000  men  near  Marseilles.  The  former 
will,  it  is  said,  be  commanded  by  the  Em- 
peror in  person. 

Vienna. — The  Conference  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  four  powers  Itas  been  re- 
newed, and  a  new  protocol  signed,  de- 
claring their  continued  accord  on  the 
Turkish  question. 

The  Austrian  and  Prussian  ministers 
have  presented  to  the  Diet  at  Frankfort, 
on  the  2oth  May,  a  joint  declaration,  an- 
nouncing the  continued  cordiality  of  the 
four  powers,  and  declaring  that  the  inte- 
rests of  Germany  required  the  maintenance 
of  the  integrity  of  Turkey.  The  Austro- 
Prussian  treaty  was  laid  before  the  Diet, 
and  the  other  German  states  invited  to 
adhere  to  it. 

T/ie  Baltic. — The  main  portion  of  the 
fleet  left  the  bay  of  Elsngabben  on  the  5th 
May,  and  was  joined  by  the  squadron 
under  Adm.  Plumridge  on  the  8th.  On 
the  IGth  the  fleet  was  off  Hango  Point. 

The  French  fleet  reached  Kiel  on  the 
20th. 

The  whole  of  the  Russian  coast  in  the 
Baltic  and  Black  Sea  has  been  declared  in 
a  state  of  blockade. 

Constantinople.— Kdiif&cyxii'j  arose  about 
the  end  of  April  between  Gen.  Baraguay 
d'Hilliers  and  the  Turkish  Government 
with  regard  to  the  threatened  expulsion  of 
the  Catholic  Greeks.  The  ambassador  is 
said  to  have  conducted  himself  with  great 
harshnesij.  Redschid  Pasha  was  compelled 
to  yield,  but  the  French  Government  is 
about  lo  change  its  ambassador. 

Lord  Raglan  reached  Constantinople  on 
the  29th  of  April.  On  the  7th  of  May 
Marshal  St.  Arnaud,  and  on  the  yth  the 
Duke  of  Cambridge,  arrived  at  Gallipoli. 
A  strong  intrenched  camp  is  being  formed 
at  that  place.  The  Duke  of  Cambridge 
proceeded  on  the  lOth  to  Constantinople. 
Preparations  are  made  for  the  immediate 
embarkation  of  an  English  division  for 
Varna.  The  French  have  already  a  con- 
siderable force  at  Adrianople,  and  will 
march  by  the  Balkans  to  the  seat  of  war. 

The  Danubian  Provinces,  —  On  the 
2i^th  of  April  the  Turks  under  Sali  Pasha 
crossed  the  Danube  from  Nicopolis, 
routed  the  Russians,  took  two  guns,  and 
are  said  to  have  killed  or  wounded 
lOOU  men.  The  Russians  retreated  upon 
Krujova,  which  place  they  had  left  a 
few  days  before  in  course  of  evacuating 
Lesser  Wallachia.  Between  the  river 
Schyl  and  Radova  they  were  met  by  the 
Turks,  and  a  sanguinary  conflict  took 
place,  which  ende  in  the  Russians  being 
driven  acro>s  the  river.  On  the  10th  of 
May  Said  Pasha  with  1500  men  crossed 
the  Danube  in  boats,  near  Giurgevo. 
He  destroyed  some  Russian  batteries  and 


returned  to  the  right  bank.  On  the  12th 
a  fight  took  place  at  Oltenitza,  when  800 
Bashi-Bazouks  had  crossed  the  river  and 
attacked  a  fortified  post  occupied  by  the 
Russians.  They  were  repulsed  with  the 
loss  of  200  men.  The  floods  in  the  Danube 
had  suspended  the  Russian  operations 
against  Silistria,  which  had  received  no 
damage  from  the  distant  cannonade  to 
which  it  had  for  some  time  been  sub- 
jected. Some  outworks  have  however 
been  destroyed.  On  the  1 6th  terms  were 
offered  by  Marshal  Paskiewitch  to  Mussa 
Pasha,  the  governor  of  Silistria  ;  and  on 
the  17th,  on  the  refusal  of  these  terms, 
the  bombardment  was  recommenced.  The 
head  quarters  of  M.  Paskiewitch  are  at 
Kalarasch.  An  attack  took  place  on  the 
2 1st,  but  while  the  Russian  accounts  re- 
present it  as  successful,  and  having  been 
followed  by  the  ofler  .of  capitulation  by 
the  Turkish  governor,  the  Turkish  reports 
state  that  it  was  repulsed. 

The  following  is  the  present  position 
and  strength  of  the  two  armies  on  the 
Danube : — The  Russian  extreme  right  is 
posted  along  the  left  bank  of  the  Aluta. 
The  reserve  is  at  Pilesti,  an  important 
town  of  Great  Wallachia,  20  leagues  to 
the  N.W.  of  Bucharest.  The  centre  ex- 
tends from  Giurgevo,  opposite  to  Rut- 
schuk,  to  Kalarasch  and  Rassova,  along 
the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  having  its 
reserve  at  Bucharest,  13  leagues  from  the 
river.  *  The  left  wing  begins  at  Rassova, 
and  occupies  the  Dobrudscha,  communi- 
cating, by  Odessa,  with  the  troops  of 
Osten-Sacken.  Its  reserve  occupies  Mat- 
schin  and  its  vicinity.  The  line  of  opera- 
tions of  the  Russian  army  stretches  over 
a  distance  of  at  least  50  leagues,  from  the 
Aluta  to  the  mouths  of  the  Danube.  Its 
force  is  calculated  at  between  150,000  and 
180,000  men.  The  second  reserves  are 
still  on  the  banks  of  the  Dnieper,  their 
effective  force  being  unknown.  The  Turks, 
who  have  likewise  effected  a  movement  of 
concentration  since  their  adversaries  aban- 
doned the  environs  of  Kalafat,  occupy  the 
following  positions  : — Their  left  wing  is 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Aluta,  with  its 
head-quarters  near  Slatina,  and  its  reserve 
at  Krajova,  communicating  with  the 
centre  by  the  Danube,  towards  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Aluta.  This  wing  is  formed 
of  the  troops  which  lately  garrisoned 
Widdin  and  Kalafat,  and  of  a  portion 
of  the  reserve,  ordered  to  join  from 
Sophia.  The  centre  faces  that  of  the  Rus- 
sian army,  between  Nicopolis  and  Silis- 
tria) occupying  the  fortified  points  of 
Rutschuk,  Turtukai,  and  Silistria,  the  gar- 
risons of  which  have  been  lately  reinforced 
from  Shurola,  by  order  of  Omar  Pasha. 
The  reserve  of  the  centre  is  stationed  at 


630 


Foreign  News* 


^Jone^ 


ShamlA.  The  right  wing  liaea  Trajan'0 
Wall,  with  its  reserve  at  Bazardjick  and 
Varna.  The  Turkish  force  on  those  dif- 
ferent points  may  be  estimated  at  from 
120,000  to  130,000  combatants,  including 
the  garrisons  of  the  strong  places.  The 
troops  of  the  second  line  are  concentrated 
round  Adrianople,  and  the  50,000  or 
60,000  English  and  French  already  arrived 
at  GallipoU,  Scutari,  and  Constantinople 
form  the  third  line. 

The  Black  Sea.-'On  the  7th  of  AprU 
the  steamer  Furious  arrived  off  Odessa  to 
fetch  away  the  English  consul.  The  vessel 
carried  a  flag  of  truce,  and  sent  a  boat  also 
with  a  flag  of  truce  to  the  shore.  The 
consul  had  already  left,  and  the  boat  was 
returning  to  the  steamer,  when  one  of  the 
Russian  batteries  opened  Arc  upon  her  and 
fired  seven  shots  at  her  and  at  the  steamer, 
but  without  inflicting  any  injury.  On  re- 
ceiving information  of  this  outrage,  Ad- 
mirals Dundas  and  Hamelin  with  the  main 
body  of  the  fleet  set  sail  for  Odessa.  On 
the  2lEt  a  flag  of  truce  was  sent  to  demand 
that  all  the  French  and  English  vessels  in 
the  harbour  should  be  given  up.  As  do 
answer  was  received  up  to  seven  a.m.,  on 
the  23Dd  six  English  and  three  French 
steamers,  with  six  rocket- boats,  under  the 
immediate  orders  of  Captain  Jones,  opened 
fire  on  the  Imperial  fort  and  mole,  and 
Russian  vessels  lying  there.  By  three 
p.m.  the  magazine  was  blown  up,  the  forts 
w^ere  destroyed,  and  the  ships  sunk  or 
burnt.  The  city  of  Od.essa,  and  the  mole 
containing  the  merchant  vessels  of  all 
nations,  were  not  molested.  The  English 
loss  was  only  one  killed  and  ten  wounded, 
and  that  of  the  French  two  killed  and  three 
wounded.  The  damage  done  by  the  enemy's 
fire  was  trifling.  The  Frencli  steam-frigate 
Vauban  was  set  on  fire  by  red-hot  shot, 
but  by  the  cool  courage  and  activity  of  her 
captain  and  crew  the  fire  was  speedily  ex- 
tinguished. 

During  the  confusion  of  the  attack  nine 
English  and  two  French  merchantmen 
escaped  from  the  harbour.  The  loss  of 
the  Russians  has  been  estimated  at  200 
killed  and  300  wounded.  Gen.  Osten 
Sackcn  only  acknowledges  the  loss  of  4 
killed  and  64  wounded  !  The  fleet  Inft 
Odessa  for  the  coast  of  the  Crimea,  which 
is  now  blockaded  by  27  vessels.  A  detach- 
ment of  seven  steamers  was  despatched  to 
operate  against  the  Russian  forts  on  the 
Circassian  coast.  It  is  reported  that  the 
Russians,  despairing  of  maintaining  these 
forts,  have  abandoned  them  all,  and  retired 
upon  Kutais  in  Imeritia.  They  were  im- 
mediately occupied  by  the  Circassians,  who 
took  1500  Russian  prisoners  at  Soukkum 
Kaleh. 

The  Ottoman  fleet,  consisting  of  23 


ships  carrying  1040  gaiM,  tnd  eammmded 
by  Vice-Admiral  Kaitaerli  Ahmed  FmIm, 
left  Constantinople  for  the  Circucian  oont 
on  the  4th  of  Bfay,  carrying  5000  men  fbr 
disembarkation  in  Abasin.  Miuham 
Pasha  (Adm.  Slade)  accompnniea  the  a- 
pedition. 

On  the  10th  May  the  Tiger  ateamer, 
IG  guns,  Capt.  Giffard,  got  on  a  aandbaak, 
about  three  miles  from  Odessa,  while  in 
pursuit  of  a  Russian  sdiooner,  which  laa 
into  the  port.  The  Russians  brought  down 
batteries  and  fired  into  her  with  red-lM»t 
shot,  and  completely  disabled  her.  Two 
steamers  came  up,  but  were  nnable  to 
der  assistance.    It  is  sdd  that  the 


continued  to  fire  after  the  flag  had 
hauled  down,  and  signals  of  distress  madft 
The  truth  may  be  merely  that  the  Are  wss 
renewed  to  destroy  the  Teaael  after  the 
crew  had  been  got  out.  Aa  the  Rnssiaas 
were  unable  to  get  her  oif,  she  was  burnt  to 
the  water's  edge.  Capt  Giffard  lost  Ui 
foot  in  the  action,  and  a  midshipman  wss 
killed. 

Greece, — An  nltlmatnm  has  been  ad* 
dressed  to  the  Greek  (Government  by 
France  and  England,  demanding  the  0^ 
servance  of  strict  neutrality,  and  the  pa- 
nishment  of  the  Greek  officers  who  liave 
taken  part  in  the  insurrection.  A  r^jy 
was  required  by  the  22nd  of  May.  xht 
division  of  Qtn.  Forey,  with  a  detachment 
of  English  marines,  left  Malta  for  Atbeot 
on  the  22nd,  with  the  intention  of  oeca- 
pying  the  Pirseus. 

The  Greek  seas  have  latelj  been  much 
infested  by  pirates,  whom  the  gOTemmcat 
seems  to  have  been  utterly  nnable  or  on* 
willing  to  restrain.  Some  of  the  English 
and  French  vessels  are  now  cruising  aftsr 
them,  and  have  already  attacked  and  sunk 
several. 

On  the  25th  of  April  the  town  of  AtU^ 
in  Bpiru9t  was  attacked  and  taken  by  the 
Turks  under  Osman  Pftsha,  and  3,000 
insurgents  under  Karaiskaki  defieated.  On 
the  26th  Osman  Pasha  defeated  the  prlnel« 
pal  body  of  the  insurgents  commanded  by 
Gen.  Tsavellas,  and  took  the  whole  of  thdr 
baggage,  money,  arms,  and  ammnnition. 
In  the  baggage  of  Tsavellas,  who  escape^ 
is  said  to  have  been  discovered  a  coue>i 
pondcnce  with  'M.  Scarlati  Soutso,  te 
Greek  Minister  of  War,  which  Ailly  esta^ 
lishes  the  complicity  of  the  Greek  g0fag«- 
mcnt  in  the  insurrection.  The  fionlioisi 
have  laid  down  their  arms,  and  the  insar^ 
rcction,  as  far  as  Epirus  is  eoncemed.  Is 
at  an  end.  In  Tkettaijf  and  Mwedomim  the 
insurgents  under  Karatassos  have  obtalBed 
some  success  and  taken  several  TillagiBi  | 
but  the  last  accounts  report  tliat  theyhai 
sustained  a  defeat. 

Naplei.-^The  harsh  treatment  of  tho 


1854.] 


Domestic  Occurrences, 


681 


victims  of  state  cruelty  in  the  Neapolitan 
prisons  has  recently  been  aggravated  by 
chaining  the  prisoners,  among  whom  is 
the  ex-Minister  Poerio,  to  the  waU,  under 
the  pretence  that  a  paper  had  been  thrown 
out  of  one  of  the  windows. 

Spain, — A  decree  for  a  forced  loan  of 
2,000,000/.  sterling  was  published  in  the 
Gazette  on  the  20th. 

The  Government  has  offered  to  return 
the  fine  imposed  on  the  Black  Warrior, 
but  refuses  to  give  the  compensation  de- 
manded. Great  efforts  are  made  to  put 
Cuba  in  a  state  of  defence. 

United  States. — A  reply  has  been  made 
by  Mr.  Marcy,  Secretary  of  State,  on  the 
part  of  the  American  Government,  to  the 
communication    of    the    declarations    of 


England  and  Francs  as  to  neutral  flags. 
His  letter,  which  is  dated  April  38,  ex- 
presses satisfaction  at  the  maxims  adopted 
by  the  latter  powers,  and  gives  an  assur- 
ance that  the  President  will  enforce  the 
laws  against  privateering. 

Cape  qf  Good  Hope. — ^The  abandon- 
ment of  the  Orange  River  sovereignty  has 
been  carried  into  effect  The  authority 
was  handed  over  by  Sir  George  Clerk  to  a 
provisional  government,  and  is  now  placed 
in  the  hands  of  a  Volksraad,  or  council, 
which  is  an  elective  body,  renewed  every 
four  years,  under  a  president,  to  be  elected 
every  five  years.  The  territory  so  relin- 
quished now  constitutes  the  '*  Orange 
River  Free  State." 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


On  the  8th  May  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer  brought  forward  his  supple- 
mentary Budget,  of  which  the  substance 
is  as  follows  :  The  Income  tax  is  doubled, 
i.e.  raised  from  seven  pence  to  fourteen 
pence  in  the  pound.  The  Sugar  duties, 
which  would,  by  law,  be  payable  on  and 
after  July  5  next,  to  be  augmented  by  one 
shilling  and  one  shilling  and  sixpence  per 
cwt.  The  Malt  tax  to  be  raised  by  one 
half — viz.  from  two  shillings  and  eight- 
pence-halfpenny  to  four  shillings.  The 
duty  on  Spirits  in  Scotland  to  be  raised 
one  shilling  per  gallon,  and  in  Ireland 
eightpence  per  gallon. 

May  10.  This  day  the  Corporation  of 
The  Soru  of  the  Clergy  commemorated  its 
Bicentenary  Festival.  The  interior  of  St 
Paul's  cathedral  was  fitted  up  by  Mr. 
Newmin  the  architect,  so  that  full  service 
might  be  performed  under  the  dome  with 
the  effect  of  300  voices.  The  sermon  was 
preached  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury. H.  R.  H.  Prince  Albert  attended 
the  service,  and  in  the  evening  presided 
at  the  dinner  in  Merchant-taylors'  hall, 
when  his  speech  was  characterized  by  his 
customary  good  sense  and  pertinency.  The 
financial  report  announced  that  his  Royal 
Highness  contributed  100  guineas,  that 
the  113  stewards  of  the  festival  had  handed 
in  lists  amounting  to  3500/.,  that  the  col- 
lection at  the  cathedral  doors  was  690/., 
the  subscriptions  3145/.,  and  an  estimated 
sum  of  3600/.  might  be  expected  from  the 
proceeds  of  sermons.  Including  a  dona- 
tion of  500/.  from  the  dowager  Lady  Wil- 
loughby  de  Broke,  the  receipts  of  the  year 
would  amount  to  13,050/. 

May  1 4.  The  Royal  Albert  screw-steamer, 
pierced  for  131  guns,  was  launched  at 


Woolwich  Dockyard  in  the  presence  of 
her  Majesty,  Prince  Albert,  and  other 
members  of  the  Royal  Family.  She  is  of 
3726  tons  burden,  272  feet  in  length,  61 
feet  broad,  and  QQ  feet  deep,  and  her 
screw-propeller  will  be  driven  by  trunk 
engines  of  5()0-horse  power.  She  was  de- 
signed by  Mr.  Oliver  Lang,  the  late  master- 
shipwright  of  Woolwich,  and  has  been 
twelve  years  on  the  stocks. 

The  Commissioners  appointed  to  in- 
quire into  the  existing  state  of  the  City  of 
London  have  issued  a  comprehensive  Re- 
port, which  has  been  presented  to  Parlia- 
ment. The  report  enters  very  minutely 
into  the  constitution,  rights,  and  govern- 
ment of  the  corporation.  We  subjoin  the 
heads  of  the  principal  recommendations : 
1.  That  a  new  charter  be  issued,  con- 
taining all  such  provisions  in  existing 
charters  of  the  corporation  of  London, 
and  all  such  customs  of  the  city,  as  it  may 
be  deemed  expedient  to  preserve.  2. 
That  the  Lord  Mayor  be  elected  by  the 
common  council,  from  the  common  coun- 
cillors, or  from  persons  qualified  to  be 
common  councillors.  3.  That  the  Alder- 
men be  elected  by  the  burgesses  of  the 
wards  for  six  years,  and  be  re-eligible; 
that  they  be  justices  of  the  peace  during 
their  term  of  office.  4.  That  the  powers 
of  the  Municipal  Corporations  Act  with 
respect  to  the  appointment  of  stipendiary 
magistrates  be  extended  to  the  corpora- 
tion of  London.  5.  That  the  Court  of 
Aldermen  be  abolished,  and  that  its  func- 
tions be  transferred  to  the  Common  CoancU. 
6.  That  the  number  of  wards  be  reduced 
to  some  number  not  less  than  18,  nor 
greater  than  16;  and  that  their  area  and 
population  be^  as  fur  as  possible,  made 


632 


Promotions  and  PrefermenU* 


[June^ 


equal.  7.  That  each  ward  return  one 
alderman  and  five  commoa  councilraen  to 
the  common  council ;  and  that  their  qua- 
lification be  that  prescribed  by  the  Muni- 
cipal Corporations  Act  for  the  larger  class 
of  boroughs,  namely,  the  possession  of 
real  or  personal  estate  of  1,000/.,  or  being 
rated  on  an  annual  value  of  at  least  30/. 
8.  That  the  voters  in  the  ward-mote 
elections  be  the  ocmpicrs  of  premises  in 
the  ward  rated  to  the  amount  of  10^  per 
annum,  without  nny  additional  (jualificn- 
tion.  9.  That  the  elections  in  common 
hall  be  abolished.  10.  That  the  Sheriffs 
be  elected  by  the  common  council.  11. 
That  the  Lord  Mayor's  court  and  the 
Sheriff's  court  be  consolidated,  and  that 
an  appeal  be  given  from  such  court  to  one 
of  the  superior  courts  at  Westminster. 
12.  That  the  Court  of  Hustings  ba  abo- 
lished, la.  Thai  the  court  at  St.  IVIar- 
tin's-lc-Graud  be  abolished.  14.  Th:itall 
regulations  prohibiting;  persons  not  free  of 
the  city  from  carrying  on  any  trade  or 
using  any  handicraft  within  the  city,  be 
abolished.  15.  That  the  metage  of  grain, 
fruit,  and  other  mensurable  goods  be  no 
longer  compulsory.  16.  That  the  Fellow- 
bhip  of  Porters  be  dissolved,  and  that 
other  privileges  of  porters  be  abolished. 
17.  That  the  admission  of  brokers  by  the 
Court  of  Aldermen  h^  abolished.  18. 
That  the  street  toll  on  carts  not  the  pro- 
perty of  freemen  be  abolished.  19.  That 
the  city  police  be  incorporated  with  the 
metropolitan  police.  20.  That  the  con- 
servancy of  the  river  Thames  be  trans- 
ferred to  a  board  consisting  of  the  Lord 
Mayor,  the  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty, 
the  President  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  the 
Deputy-master  of  the  Trinity -house,  and 
the  First  Commissioner  of  Woods.  21. 
That  the  exclusive  privileges  of  the  Com- 
pany of  Watermen  and  Lightermen  on  the 


river  Thames  be  aboliilied.  22.  That  the 
accounts  of  the  revenue  and  expenditnic 
of  the  corporation  be  consolidated.  23. 
That  the  money  and  securities  of  the  cor- 
poration be  lodged  in  the  Bank  of  Eof- 
land.  24.  That  the  election  of  anditora 
be  amended.  25.  That  the  proTisions  af 
the  Municipal  Corporations  Act,  with  re- 
spect to  the  mortgaging  of  lands,  and  the 
making  of  an  annual  return  of  the  rerenne 
and  expenditnre  to  the  Secretary  of  States 
be  extended  to  the  corporation  of  Liondon. 
2f>.  That  the  Irish  Society  be  dissolved ; 
that  its  trusts  be  declared  by  Act  of  Or- 
nament ;  and  that  new  trustees  be  sp- 
pointcd  by  the  Lord  Chaucellor  of  Ire- 
land. 27.  That  the  external  boandariea 
of  the  city  remain  unchanged ;  bnt  that 
the  municipal  connexion  between  the  cor- 
poration of  London  and  a  part  of  the 
borough  of  Southwark  bo  abolished.  28. 
That  the  rest  of  the  metropolis  be  divided 
Viito  districts  for  municipal  purposes.  99. 
That,  in  the  event  of  such  division  belBf 
made,  a  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  be 
created,  composed  of  members  depvtad 
to  it  from  the  council  of  each  metropo- 
litan municipal  body,  including  the  cosi- 
mon  council  of  the  city.  .10.  That  Ae 
codl  duties  now  collected  by  the  corpora- 
tion  of  London,  so  long  as  they  remalB 
in  force,  be  under  the  administratioa  of 
this  board  ;  and  that,  in  case  the  ood 
duties  which  expire  in  1862  should  not  be 
renewed,  the  4/.  duty  now  levied  on  be- 
half of  the  city  should  c^ase  at  the  sane 
time.  31.  That  this  board  be  empowerad 
to  levy  a  rate,  limited  to  a  fixed  poandage, 
for  public  works  of  general  metropoUlu 
utility,  over  the  metropolitan  district.  32. 
That  no  works  be  executed  by  this  board 
unless  the  plans  have  been  approved  by  a 
Committee  of  the  Privy  Council. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS.  &c. 


Gazette  Preferments. 
Aprils.  Charles  A.  Henderson,  es<i.  to  be 
Consul  in  the  Ucpul)lic  of  Paraguay.— 79th 
Fout.  Surg.  Thomas  (loldie  Scot.  M.D.,  from 
4flth  Foot,  to  be  Surgeon.— Depdt  Hattalion  at 
>Valmer,  SiaflT-Suri:.  Alexander  Gibb,  M.D.  to 
be  Surgeon— l)ep^t  Hattalion  at  Winchester, 
SursT-  Jnhn  Grant,  from  79th  Foot,  to  l>e  Sar- 
Bfpon.— DepTit  Hattalion  at  Formoy,  StafT-Surg. 
Samuel  Smith  tobeSuri^eon.- Dep^t  Hattalion 
at  Templcmore,  Suri^.  W.  I.  Ureslin.  M.l>., 
from  16th  Foot,  to  be  Surf^con.—Stafi',  William 
Guvctt  Komaine,  esq.  barrister-at-Iaw,  to  be 
Deputy  J u(1p:e  Advocate  with  the  troops  on  a 

riarticular  service  to  the  eastward  of  Alalia. — 
trcvct,  Capt.  Kbenezer  Jones,  of  6Cih  Foot,  to 
be  .Major;  brevet-Major  Ebenezer  Jones,  of 
66th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 


ApriliXi,  William  CkrleCarr.esn.  to  be  GUaf 
Justice  of  Ceylon.— HaKh  Cullinf  Bardlsv 
Childers,  Edward  Grimes,  and  Curies  Mac 
Mahon,  eaqrs.  to  be  non-elective  mem  ben  ef 
the  Legislative  Council  of  the  coloay  of  Vic- 
toria. 

Glocestershire  Yeofnanry.  the  Daka  of  Dean- 
fort  to  be  Lient.-Colonel  ComniaadaBt.— Boyal 
Montffomeryshire  AliUtia,  MiJot  the  Uoa. 
Henry  11  anbury  Tracy  to  be  LieoL-Oolaail 
Comnnandant ;  Capt.  John  Edward  Harnmaa 
Pryce  to  be  Major.— 1st  Norfolk  Militia,  V^for 
H.  F.  Cnstance  to  be  Ueat.-Golonel  i  Capf. 
Charles  Redinirfeld  to  be  Ma|or.--4tli  WaM 
York  Militia.  Major  Georre  Calraet,  bita  Mtt 
Foot,  to  be  M^or.-etb  West  York  MIliCK 
Robert  Stansfield,  esq.,  late  19Ch  Foot,  to  ba 
Mi^or. 


1854.] 


Promotions  and  Preferments. 


633 


May  I.  Major  Home  Purves  to  be  Equerry 
to  the  Duchess  of  Cambridg^e. 

May  3.  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Hew  Dalrymple  Ross, 
K.C.B.  to  be  Lieut.-General  of  the  Ordnance. 

May  3.  Kniglited.  Richard  Kudden  Crowder, 
esq.  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  and  Samuel  Bignold,  esq.  Mayor  of 
Norwich. 

May  5.  Sir  W.  P.  Wood.  Knt.  Vice-chan- 
cellor, Sir  J.  T.  Coleridge,  Knt.  Justice  of  the 
Queen's  Bench,  the  Right  Hon.  Joseph  Napier, 
Sir  A.  J.  E.  Cockburn,  Attorney-General,  Sir 
R.  Bethell,  Solicitor-Gcneral,  Sir  T.  E.  Perry, 
Knt.,  J.  G.Shaw  Lefevre,  esq.,  H.S,  Keating, 
esq.  Q.C.,  Thomas  Greenwood,  esq.,  Jamea 
Stewart,  esq.,  and  Germain  Lavie.  esq.  to  be 
Commissioners  for  inquiring  into  the  arrange- 
ments of  the  Inns  of  Court  and  Inns  of  Chan- 
cery, for  promoting  the  Study  of  Law  and 
Jurisprudence,  and  securing  a  sound  Educa- 
tion to  the  Students.— 4l8t  Foot,  Assist.-Surg. 
W.  A.  Anderson,  from  5Ist  Foot,  to  be  Surgeon. 
—46th  Foot,  Staff-Surgeon  Vere  Webb  to  be 
Surereon.— 48th  Foot,  Assist.-Surg.  G.  A.  F. 
Shelton,  M.B.,  from  60th  Foot,  to  be  Surgeon. 
— 72d  Foot,  Lieut.-Col.  W.  R.  Faber,  from  half- 
pay  63d  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel.— Ambulance 
Corps,  Capt.  John  James  Grant,  half-pay 
unatt..  Staff  Officer  of  Pensioners,  to  be  Com- 
mandant, and  to  rank  as  Dep.-Assist.  Quar- 
termaster-Gen.—Hospital  Staff,  Staff-Surg.  of 
the  1st  Class,  J.  S.  Chapman  to  be  Dep.  In- 
spector-Gen. of  Hospitals.— Staff,  Maj.T.  W.  E. 
Holdswortb,  from  2a  Foot,  to  be  Dep.  Quarter- 
master-Gen. in  Nova  Scotia,  with  the  rank  of 
Lieut. -Col.  in  the  army.  —  Vet.-Surg.  Felix 
Delany,  1st  Dragoon  Guards,  to  be  Vet.-Surg. 
to  the  army  proceeding  to  Turkey. 

May  6.  William  Handcock  Middleton,  esq. 
to  be  one  of  the  Corps  of  Gentlemen-at-Arms, 
vice  Cotter,  retired.— J.  Heath  Haviland,  esq. 
to  be  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  of 
Prince  Edward  Island. 

May  8.  Sir  Alexander  Bannerman,  Knt., 
now  Lieut. -Governor  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
to  be  Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief  of 
the  Bahama  Islands.— Dominick  Dalv,  esq.  to 
be  Lieut. -Governor  of  Prince  Edwara  Island. 

Mav  9.  Royal  Horse  Guards  Blue,  General 
Lord  Raglan,  GC.B.,  from  53d  Foot,  to  be 
Colonel.— SSd  Foot.  Maj.-Gen.  John  McDonald, 
C.B.  to  be  Colonel.— 70th  Foot,  Major-Gen. 
G.:w.  Paty,  C.B.  lobe  Colonel.— 88lh  Foot, 
Major-Gen.  Lord  James  Hay  to  be  Colonel. 

May  12.  3d  Dragoon  Guards,  Staff-Surgeon 
R.  M.  Allen  to  be  Surgeon.— 2d  Foot,  brevet 
Major  T.  Addison  to  be  Major.— 98th  Foot, 
Major  Iv  Haythorne  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel  ; 
Cant.  F.  Peyton  to  be  Major. 

May  13.  John  Deas,  esq.  one  of  the  Lords 
of  Session,  to  be  one  of  the  Lords  ot  Justiciary 
in  Scotland.— Charles  Neaves,  esq.  advocate, 
to  be  one  of  the  Lords  of  Session  in  Scotland. 
—Capt.  Thomas  Vernon  Watkios,  R.N,  to  be 
Harbourmaster  and  Marine  Magistrate  for  the 
colony  of  Hongkong. 

Mat/  19-  The  Duchess  of  Atholl  to  be  one 
of  the  Indies  of  the  Bedchamber  in  Ordinary 
to  Her  Majesty,  vice  the  Countess  of  Charle- 
mont,  resigned.— 16th  Light  Dragoons,  Capt. 
W.  T.  Dickson  to  be  Major —12th  Foot,  Major 
Thomas  Brooke  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt. 
J.  F.  Kempt  to  be  Major— Charles  James  Lin- 
dam,  e.sq.,  late  Lieut.  Rifle  Brigade,  to  be  one 
of  H.  M.  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen-at-Arms. 

May  20.  William  Young,  esq.  to  be  Attor- 
ney-General; Lewis  M.  Wilkins,  esq.  to  be 
Provincial  Secretary  ;  William  A.  Henry,  esq. 
to  be  Solicitor-General ;  and  James  B.  Uniacke, 
e.<tq.  to  be  Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  for 
the  province  of  Nova  Scotia.— William  Henry 
Rawstorne,  esq.  to  be  Postmaster  for  the  island 
of  Mauritius. 

Gent.  Mag,  Vol.  XLI. 


Mau  22.  Malor  George  Howard  Vyae,  Id 
LifeGaards,  to  be  one  of  the  Gentlemen  Ushers 
Quarterly  Waiters  in  Ordinary  to  Her  Mi^eaty. 

l/oy  26.  27th  Foot,  Major  U.  Williamson  to 
be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt.  T.  P.  Touzel  to  be 
Major. 


To  be  Directors  of  the  East  India  Company, 
appointed  by  Her  Majesty  under  the  provisions 
of  the  16  and  17  vie.  cap.  95:— Lieut.-Gen. 
Sir  George  Pollock,  6.C.B.,  John  Pollard 
Willoughby,  esq^  and  Sir  Frederick  Currie, 
Bart.  [The  other  Directors  are  named  in  p.  519-] 

Captain  Gossett  to  be  Deputy  8eijeant-at- 
Arms  attendant  on  the  House  of  Commons, 
vice  John  Clementson,  esq.  retired. 


Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament, 

Devonoort. —Sir  Erskine  Parry. 
F/Jn/Mir^.— Hon.ThomasE.M.LloydMostyn. 
Hcutinffs.— Frederick  North,  esq. 
Herifo'rdthire.—Ahe\  Smith,  esq. 
LichJleld.-'Lord  Waterpark. 


Naval  Preferments. 

Mayl.  Vice-Adm.  C.  J.  Johnston  to  receive 
a  pension  of  150/.  a  year.— Rear- Adm.  Philip 
Browne  to  be  Vice-Admiral  on  reserved  balr- 
pay.— Rear-Adm.  Henry  Prescott,  C.B.  to  be 
Vice-Adm.  of  the  Bine.— Capt.  William  Keats, 
Capt.  Sir  Henry  John  Leeke,  K.H.,  Capt.  Tho- 
mas Martin,  Capt.  Henry  Edwards,  to  be  Rear- 
Admirals  on  the  Reserved  List.--Capt.  C.  H. 
Fremantle  to  be  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue. — 
Retired  Capt.  J.  G.  Aplin  to  be  Retired  Rear- 
AdmiraL 

To  be  Captains,— A.  P.  E.  Wilmot,  Robert 
Coote. 

Captain  Mansell  to  the  Powerful  84. 

Vice-Admiral  the  Hon.  William  Gordon, 
brother  of  the  Premier,  M.P.  for  Aberdeen- 
shire, and  who  was  a  member  of  Lord  Had- 
dington's Board  of  Admiralty,  has  been  ap- 
pointed Commander-in-chief  at  Sheemess,  vice 
the  Hon.  Joceline  Percy,  C.B.  whose  term  of 
service  has  expired. 


Ecclesiastical  Prefebmbnts. 

Rev.  H.  J.  Barnard,  Combe  the  14th  Canonry 

in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Wells. 
Ven.  C.  B.  Clough,  Deanery  and  Chancellorship 

of  St.  Asaph. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Cox  (R.  of  Tenby).  Hon.  Canonry 

in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Hereford. 
Rev.  C.  Dodgson  (R.  of  Croft),  Archdeaconry 

of  Richmond,  dio.  Ripon. 
Rev.  H.  J.  Ellison  (Incumbent  of  Edensor), 

Hon. Can  in  theCatbedralChnrcta  of  Lichfield. 
Rev.  W.  Arthurs,  Dr.  Downe*s  Lectureship  in 

the  Cathedral  Church  of  Waterford. 
Rev.C. Allen,  St.  Paul  P.C.  Belfast,  dio.  Connor. 
Rev.  H.  W.  6.  Armstrong,  Willesden  V.  Middx. 
Rev.  R.  W.  Bacon,  Ewhurst  R.  Sossex. 
Rev.  T.  Bartlett,  Luton  V.  Beds. 
Rev.  W.  R.  L.  Bennett,  Holy  Trinity  P.C. 

Dover,  Kent. 
Rev.  T.  Blair,  Milboorne  St.  Andrew  V.  w. 

Dewlish  V.  Dorset. 
Rev.  R.  P.   Blakeney,   Christ  Chnrch   P.C. 

Claugbton,  Cheshire. 
Rev.  R.  Boys,  Loose  P.C.  Kent. 
Rev.  —  Ball,  New  Church  P.C.  Buslingthorpe, 

Yorkshire. 
Rev.  E.  T.  Cardale,  Flax-Bonrton  P.C.  Som. 
Rev.  W.  Caros  (Canon  of  Winchester),   St. 

Maurice  R.  w.  St.  Mary  Kalendar  R.  and  St. 

Peter  Colebrook  R.  Winchester. 

4M 


634 


Births. 


[Jane^ 


1I«T.  J.  R.  ChirlMwortb,  Elstead  P.O.  Surrey. 
Rer.  W.  CoUett,  Brichtwell  P.O.  w.  Foxhall 

ind  KesflnraTe  P.C.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  J.  J.  Cort,  St.  Andrew  P.C.  Sale  Moor. 
Rev.  A.  L.  Coartenay,  D.D.  St.  James  P.C. 

PentODTille,  London. 
Rev.  A.  Cowbum,  Tidenbam  V.  Gloncestersb. 
Rev.  J.  Davidson.  Nafferton  V.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  W.  Davies.  New  Chnrcb  P.C.  Rhondda 

Valley,  Soutb  Wales.  «  «  ^  „ 

Rev.  G.  be  Gruchy,  Uttle  Bealinni  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  C.  Doufflas,  Pembroke  St.  fifary  V.  w.  St. 

Micbael  vTand  St.  Nicholas  V. 
Rev.  R.  Eden.  Wymondbam  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  F.  Fiti- Patrick.  Painstown  R.  dio.  Heatb. 
Rev.  G.  Gaisford,  Wiffginton  P.C.  Herts. 
Rev.  A.  Gedge.  Ludboroug[h  R.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  R.  Giles,  Partney  R.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  J.  Graves,  Kilmocar  V.  dio.  Ossor^'. 
Rev.  F.  T.  Gregory,  St.  Mary's  Piatt   P.C. 

Wrotham,  Kent. 
Rev.  B.  R.  Hampden,  Eaton  Bishop  R.  Heref. 
Rev.  C.  Hare,  St.  Munchin's  R.  Limerick. 
Rev.  E.  Hawke,  Willingham  R.  Uncolnshire. 
Rev.  E.  C.  Hawtrey,  D.D.  (Provost  of  Eton 

College),  Farnham  Royal  R.  Bucks. 
Rev.  S.  J.  Heathcote,  Williton  P.C.  Somerset. 
Rev.  M.  Hobson,  Templescobin  R.  and  V.  dio. 

Ferns. 
Rev.  J.  McC.  Hussey,  Afternoon  Preachership 

at  the  Foundling  HospiUl,  London. 
Rev.  F.  J.  Kitson,  Hemyock  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  R.  D.  Lagden,  North  Wootton  P.C.  Dorset. 
Rev.  J.  Leatberdale,  Little  Plumpstead  R.  Norf. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Leech,  Emly  V. 
Rev.  J.  Lees,  St.  Mark  P.C.  Islington,  Middx. 
Rev.  J.  P.  Lightfoot,  DD.  (Rector  of  Exeter 

College.  Oxford),  Kidlington  V.  w.  Water 

Eaton  C  Oxfordshire. 
Rev.  W.  Locock,  East  Haddon  V.  Nortbampt. 
Rev.  J.  G.  Longueville,  Eccleston  R.  Cheshire. 
Rev.  J.  Macnaught,  St.  Chrysostom  P.C.  Ever- 

ton,  Lancashire. 
Rev.  R.  A.  Maunsell,  Morning  Preacher  in  the 

Cathedral  Church  of  Limerick. 
Rev.  G.  W.  S.  Menteath,  Hascombc  R.  Surrey. 
Rev.  C  A.  Molony,  Hougham  V.  Kent. 
Rev.  E.  Morgan,  Llanycnaiarn  P.C.  Cardiean. 
Rev.  H.  Morgan,  Henvenw  PC.  Cardiganshire. 
Rev.  F.  O.  Morris,  Nunburnholme  R.  Yorksh. 
Rev.  W.  P.  Musgrave.  Etton  R.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  A.  Nettleship,  Minsterworth  V.  Glouc. 
Rev.  J.  Peel,  Hernaby  [qy.  Thornaby  ?J  P.C. 

Yorkshire. 
Rev.G.  A.  Perryn.Sutton-OuildenP.C.Cbesb. 
Rev.G.O.  S.  Pigott,  Kingston-Seymoor  R.  Som. 
Rev.  C-  E.  Prichard,  South  Loff'enham  R.  Kotl. 
Rev.C.T.Quirk,  St.Thomas  R.Golbome.  Chesh. 
Rev.  W.  Randolph,  St.  James  P.C.  Aldersholt, 

Dorset. 
Rev.  O.  Renand,  Woodhill  P.C.  Herts. 
Rev.  S.  Robins,  St.  James  R.  I>over.  Kent. 
Rev.  T.  Robson,  Kirk-Leatham  V.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  A.  I).  Sbafto,  Brancepeth  R.  Durham. 
Rev.  K.  Storr,  Brenchley  v.  Kent. 
Rev.  W.  Stothert,  Macclesfield  Forest  Chapel, 

Cheshire. 
Rev.  J.  Stroud,  Bumlley  R.  Devon. 
Hon.  and  Rev.  H.  W.  V.  Stuart,  liulkington 

V.  Warwickshire. 
Rev.  D.  Thomas,  St.  George  R.  Glamorransb. 
Rev.  T.  B.  H.  Thompson,  Wcyhill  K.  Hants. 
Rev.  C.  Thornhill,  Burweil  V.  Careb. 
Rev.  C.  Thorotun,  North  and  .South  Raoceby 

V.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  S.  L.  Townsend,  D.I),  liouth  R.  arrhdio. 

Armagh. 
Rev.  G.  R.  Tunier,  New  Radnor  R. 
Rev.  W.  C.  Welsford,  .Snltford  R  Somerset. 
Rev.  D.  Williams,  Uy^wen  R.  Brecknockshire. 
Rev.  T.  V.  Wilson,  Bardsley  P.C.  Lancashire. 
Rev.  T.  Woodrooffe.  Alton  V.  w.  Holy  bourne 

C.  Binsted  C.  and  Kingslcy  C.  Hants. 
Hev.  W.  W.  Woollromt-e.  Wootton  K.  N'p'n. 


Rev.  R.  8.  Bryan,  to  the  Earl  of  FortSMOVth. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Barrongb,  H.M.S.  Oilcvttm. 
Rev.  G.  W.  Clemenscr,  Il.li.8.  Oladtatar. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Comnmis,  Bomtey  PreaidcDCf, 

H.B.I  C.S. 
Rev.  M.De  Bnrgb,  to  the  Earl  of  Umcrkik. 
Rev.  T.  Donkin,  H.M.  Gaol,  Sydney.  N.8.W. 
Rev.  H.  Drory  (V.  of  Bremhill),  to  tho  BUhop 

of  Salisbury. 
Rev.  A.  W.  Edwards,  to  the  Bishop  of  Deny. 
Rev.  W.  Goode,  Warbortonian  Cecturcak^ 

Lincobi*a  Inn,  London. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Holman,  H.M.8.  Powerful. 
Rev.  J.  Lowry,  the  tJnion,  Chichester. 
Rev.  J.  L.  Popbam,  to  the  Bishop  of  SnlMnny. 
Rev.  T.  Ricbardaon,  the  Lnnntic  Asytaa,  Ton. 
Rev.S.RoUeston,  the  Union,  Onkhsm,  Bntlaai, 
Rev.  W.  N.  St.  Lefer,  H.M.  Troops  at  OorfW. 
Rev.  J.  Thorp,  the  Radcliff  Infinnary^  OxiDii. 
Rev.  D.  Walsb,  the  Union,  Chichester. 

CoUegiaU  and  Scholattie  Appoiniwttmtt, 

Rev.  E.  P.  Arnold,  one  of  H.M .'•  InapedMi 

of  Schools. 
Rev.  J.  E.  Bode.  Bampton  Lectureship  (IMMI 

in  the  University  of  Oxford. 
Rev.  E.  H.  Browne,  Norrisian  ProliMBOffAip 

of  Divinity,  University  of  Camhrldsa. 
Rev.  W.  CsmpbeU,  one  of  H.M •*&  InapedMi 

of  Schools. 
Dr.  B.  Forbes,  Professorship  of  Nataral  Hia- 

tory.  University  of  Edinbarvh. 
Rev.  H.  Fowler,  Mastership,  <>>llcgia1 

Gloucester. 
Rev.  S.  Lodge,  Head-Msstership  of  H< 

Grammar  School,  Linooloshire. 
Rev.  A.  K.  Thompson,  Head-Mastership, 

ford  Grammar  School,  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  TuUoch,  Principal,  St.  Mary*B  GoO^i^ 

St.  Andrew's. 


Rev.  E.  J.  Bell  (R.  of  Crostwick),  OrgmoisiM 
Secretary  of  the  Society  for  the  Propacaf 

I,  Ibrtbaai 


of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts, 

deaconries  of  Norwich  and  Norfolk. 
Rev.  R.  Hewson.  Dublin  Station  of  IrishChaaA 

Missions  to  the  Roman  Catholics. 
Rev.  W.  Kendall.  Association  Secretary  of  the 

Church  Pastoral  Aid  Society.  London. 
Rev.  H.  Margetts.  Oiflcialof  the  Archdcaeany 

of  Huntingdon,  dio.  Ely. 
Rev.  J.  B.  Sweet,  TravelUng  and  HrnaiiistM 

Secretary  of  the  Society  for  Promotinr  tho 

Employment  of  Additional  Curates  Is  Pppa 

lous  naces. 


BIRTHS. 

Jan.  11.    At  Melbourne.  Victoria,  the  wllh 
of  Hugh  Colling  Eardley  Cbihters,  esq.  a  aoau 

Aorit  5.    The  wife  of  Lleot.-Ool.  Doni 

of  Ryde,  a  dsu. 8.    At  Gaaonteln 

the  Hon.  Mrs.  Lane,  a  dan If.    At 

Admiralty,  Mrs.  Milne,  a  dan. IS.  At  Mc 

le^rand,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Yerhui 

Srd  Dragoons,  a  son. 15.  AtCadbnry  feoaaSk 

Som.  tbe  wife  of  Frederic  Oeone  Urqnhartf 
esq.  a  dan. — 16.    Viscountess  BbrlngtOB,  a 

son   and  heir. 17.    At   Hemsworth   IhA, 

Yorksh.  tbe  wife  of  W.  H .  LMtbam,  esq.  a  aaa. 

18.    At  Hsilewood  castlcb  tbe  Hon.  Mta. 

Vavasour,  a  dau. At  Cbetteahaai,  tho  wUh 

of  Anthony  Thomas  liefiroy.  esa.  a  dan.-^ 
19.    At  King's  Lynn.  NorfDlk.  toe  Hon.  MrSb 

Frank  Cresswell,  a  dau. At  Holt,  Wilta.^la 

wife  of  John  Neekl,  esq.  M.P.  a  da*.- 
wife  of  Chat.  Cbaldecott.  esq.  a  son  ai 

31.    Lady  Towasend  lirquhar,  a  dna. 

25.    In  Soutb  street.  Park  laas,  the  Hon.  Mm 
Vesey  Dawson,  a  son.— —96.    In 
I^ri .'  Cvlvillc.  a  ^n  and  hefr.— — At 


1854.] 


Marriages. 


63o 


mouth,  Hants,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Dickeo* 

Rector  of  Norton,  Suffolk,  a  sod. 28.    At 

Brighton,  the  wife   of  Llcut.-Col.  Ncdham, 

R.  Art.  a  son. At  Brighton,  the  wife  of 

Beaumont  Hankey.  esq.  a  son. 30.    At  Cor- 

sham,  Lady  Methuen,  a  son. At  Cairnbill, 

Lanarkshire,  Lady  Agnes  More  Nisbett,  a  dau. 

In  Dublin,  Lady  Lurjj^an,  adau. AtCk>ld- 

ham  hall,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of  L.  Ck>nraD,  esq. 
a  son. 
May  1.    In  Eaton  sq.  Lady  Gilbert  Kennedy, 

a  son. At  Cheltenharo,  the  wife  of  J.  Agg 

Gardener,  esq.  a   son. 2.    At  Cambridge 

terrace,  Hyde  park,  the  wife  of  Robert  Ogilby 

Moore,  esq.  a  son. 3.    In  Belgrave  so.  the 

Hon.  Mrs.  Keith  Stewart,  a  dau. At  West 

hill,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of  W.  W.  Rushbrooke, 

esq.  R.N.  a  dau. At  Liskeard,  the  wife  of 

the  Rev.  James  Gluncross,  a  son  and  heir.— — 
4.    At  Eaton  sq.  the  wife  of  Col.  Codrington, 

Coldstream  Guards,  a  son. 5.    At  Eaton  pi. 

South,  the  lion.  Mrs.  George  Denman,  a  son. 

6.   In  Eaton  pi.  the  Countess  of  Mulf  rave, 

a  son. At  Ayot  St.  Lawrence,  Lady  Emily 

Cavendish,  a  son. \X.  the  vicarage,  New- 

bold-on-Avon,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Tneodosias 
W.  Bougliton  Leigh,  a  son. 7.  At  Cumber- 
land terrace,  Regent's  park,  the  wife  of  John 

Evans,  esq.  Q.C.  a  son. At  Whatley,  near 

Frome,  the  wife  of  J.  H.  Shore,  esq.  a  dau. 

8.  At  Bryanstone  sq.  Lady  Amelius  Wentworth 

Beauclerk,  a  son. 9.    At  Somersal  Herbert, 

the  wife  of  W.  FitzHerbert,  esq.  a  dau. 

10.    At  Great  Stanhope  at.  Mayfair,  Lady  Anne 

Tufnell,  a  sou  and  heir. 11.    In  Park  at. 

Grosvenor  sq.  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Proctor  Beau- 
champ,  a  dau. 12.    In  South  at.  Grosvenor 

square,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Matheson,  a  son  and 

heir. At  Gifford's  hall,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of 

Capt.  Gresley,  H.E.I. CS.  twin  daughters. 


MARRIAGES. 

iiept.  C.  1853.  At  Christ  church,  Canterbury 
Settlement,  Edward  James  Lee,  esq.  of  Leslie, 
on  the  Wairau  river,  to  Harriette- Maria,  se- 
cond dau.  of  the  Rev.  R.  B.  Paul,  late  Fellow 
of  Exeter  collefi:e,  and  Commissary  to  the 
Bishop  of  New  Zealand. 

Nov.  28.  At  Australind,  Western  Australia, 
Henry  William  Brown^  Colonial  Chaplain,  of 
Bunburv,  to  Lucy,  fourth  dau.  of  Alarsball 
Waller  C^lifton,  esq. 

Dec.  6.  At  Adelaide,  Dr.  J.  C.  Bompat,  As- 
sistant Colonial  Surgeon,  to  Miss  Scrutton,  of 
Loudon. 

Jan.  7.  At  Paddington,  the  Hon.  George 
Wrolteslcy,  Lieut.  R.K.  third  son  of  Lord  Wrot- 
tesley,  to  Margaret-Ann,  dau.  of  Gen.  Sir  John 
F.  Hurgoyne,  G.C.B. 

31.  At  Byculla,  Edward  Melville  Laic/or(/, 
esq.  4tli  Madras  Light  Cav.  to  Elizabeth-Mar- 
garet, second  surviving  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  G. 
Wrench,  D.C.L.  Vicar  of  Salehurst,  Sussex. 

Feb.  2.  At  Calcutta,  John  D'Ovly  Gaby, 
second  officer  of  the  Peninsular  and  Oriental 
Company's  steamship  Bengal,  and  son  of  Ben- 
jamin Gaby,  esq.  of  Bath,  solicitor,  to  Ann- 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Greena- 
way,  esq.  of  Calcutta. 

4.  At  Delhi,  William  Henry  Lovtt  esa.  Ben- 
I'al  Civil  Service,  third  surviving  son  of  John 
Lowe,  esq.  of  Hyde  pk.  sq.  to  Harriett- Louisa, 
eldest  dau.  of  Charles  Robert  Gwatkin,  late  of 
60th  Regt.  B.N.I,  and  granddau.  of  Brigadier 
E.  Gwatkin. 

8.  At  Serarapore,  John  Newmarck,  esa.  of 
Calcutta,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  L.  New- 
march,  Vicar  of  Honton  Pagnell,  Yorksh.  to 
Mary- Eliza,  only  child  of  late  Thomas  Hag- 
gerston  Leather,  est},  and  step-dau.  of  James 
Hum,  esq.  of  Serampore. 


9.  At  Kerowly,  Raipootana,  James  R.  Bal- 
lantynct  esq.  LL.D.  Principal  of  the  Govera- 
ment  college,  Benares,  to  Annabella-Georffiaoa» 
fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  T.  Monck  Mason» 
R.N.  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Sir  Geo. 
Grey,  Bart.  KCB. 

18.  At  Benares,  India,  Robert  Maundenon, 
esq.  CS.  to  Augusta-Maria,  dau.  of  the  late 
Hugh  Kennedy,  esq.  Cultra,  co.  Down. 

22.  At  Bombay,  William  Stuart  Fumeaux, 
esq.  Capt.  1st  Bombay  Fusiliers,  eldest  son  of 
Col.  Furneaux,  Royal  Art.  to  Diana- Harriet, 
second  dau.  of  John  Warden,  esq.  Member  of 
Council,  Bombay. 

Lately.  At  Southampton,  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Arthur  Sugden,  Rector  of  Newdigate,  Surrey, 
to  Annie-Jane,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  George 

Elton. At  St.  Jameses  Piccadilly,  Francis 

Wood,  of  Trin.  coll.  Camb.  eldest  surviving 
son  of  the  Rev.  Sir  John  Page  Wood,  Bart,  of 
Glazenwood  house,  Essex,  to  Louisa- Mary, 
eldest  dau.  of  Robert  Hodgson,  esq.  of  Apple- 
sbaw,  and  granddau.  of  late  Gen.  Hodgson. 

March  1.  At  Long  Thorpe,  Peterborough, 
George- Henry,  eldest  son  of  George  Vhrtue* 
esq.  of  Finsbury  square,  to  Mariann,  only  child 
of  Richard  Dean.  esq.  of  Long  Thorpe,  Peter- 
borough.  At  St.  Marylebone, Henry  Hodges, 

esq.  of  Lowestoft,  to  Emily,  eldest  dao.  of  the 
Chev.  Georspe  Manders,  Portoguese  Consul- 
General  for  Ireland. 

2.  At  Sproughton,  Suffolk,  Horace  Cobbold, 
esq.  of  Walton,  youngest  son  of  George  Cob- 
bold,  esq.  of  Capel  Hall,  Trimley  St.  Slarttji, 
to  Katharine-Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  Thomas 

Haward,  esq. At  Stoke.  Georye  Rashleigh 

Bdgell,  esq.  late  Capt.  R.  Fosiliers,  to  Emily, 
widow  of  Capt.  Graves,  15th  Foot,  and  eldest 

dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  Nooth.  Devonport. At 

St.  Pancras,  Charles  Creed,  esq.  of  Duke  st. 
St.  James's,  to  Louisa-Dorothea,  second  dan. 
of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  Pollock,  Lord  Chief 
Baron. 

4.  At  Duisburg,  Prussia,  E.  T.  Dumdat,  esq. 
of  Manor,  N.B.  to  Bverilda,  third  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Mordaunt  Barnard,  Rector  of  Little  Bard- 
field,  Essex. 

7.  At  Ashton-under-Lyne,  the  Rev.  H.  Reef 
Webbe,  S.C.L.  to  Hannah,  eldest  dan.  of  Rali^ 

Kershaw,   esq.  of  Audensbaw. At   Bdfo- 

burgh,  the  Rev.  David  Pl^air,  B. A.  Minister 
of  Abercom,  to  Jane-Klncald,  youngest  dan. 
of  the  late  James  Pitcairn,  esq.  M.D. 

8.  At  Uanbadam  Fawr,  James  H.  Ravenkittf 
esq.  solicitor,  Hereford,  to  Margaret-Jalian, 
dau.  of  the  late  Rice  Jones,  esq.  banker,  Ab«- 
rystwith. 

9.  At  St.  George's  Bloomsbory,  Henry 
Graves  BuU.  esq.  M.D.  of  Hereford,  to  Eliza- 
beth, second  dau.  of  Henry  Read,  esq.  late  of 

Buckhurst  bilI,'Essex. At  Streatbam,  Capt, 

M'MakoH,  Uth  (Kinjr's)  Ught  Dragooas, 
youngest  son  of  Lieut.  Gen.  Sir  Thomas  M*Ma- 
hon,  Bart.  K.C.B.  to  Julia,  widow  of  Joseph 
Davies,  esq.  of  Stonecot,  Surrey,  dau.  of  James 

Coster,  esq.  of  Streatbam. At  Barlingham 

St.  Edmond,  Norf.  Dixon  Edward  £rMf«.Capt. 
Royal  Art.  son  of  the  iate  Sir  Geonre  Hoste, 
K.C.B.  to  Jane- Mary,  dao.  of  the  tUr.  Jere- 
miah Burroughes,  Rector  of  Burlingbam. 

10.  At  Egg  Buckiand.  Devon,  Sir  Wm.  Nor- 
ris  Young,  Bart,  of  Marlow  park,  Bucks,  to 
Florence,  second  dau.  of  Erving  Clarke,  egq, 
of  Bfford  manor,  near  Plymouth. 

11.  At  Christ  church  St.  Marylebone,  Joha 
D*  Urban,  esq.  to  Maria-Charlotte,  eldest  dau. 

of  Thos.  Sidney  Cooper,  esa.  A.R.A. At 

Wrington,  Somerset,  1).  J.  WkUtey,  esq.  M.D. 
of  Bntonferry,  Glsm.  to  Harriet- Anne,  only 
child  of  Thomas  Hamlin,  esq. 

13.  At  Tortola,  James- Watson,  son  of  the 
Iste  James  Dunloh,  esq.  Glasgow,  to  Augusta* 
Cornell,  fourth  dan.;  and  at  the  same  time. 


636 


Marriages. 


[June. 


Charles,  son  of  the  Rev.  H.  Girdlestone,  Rector 
of  Landford.  to  Eliza- West,  youofrest  daa.  of 
the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Chads,  President  of  the 
Virg^in  Islands. 

14.  At  Limerick,  Capt.  Frederick  Hammers- 
ley.  I4th  Foot,  to  Sarah-Mary-Anne,  dau.  of 
Archdeacon  Keatinfi^. 

16.  At  West  Brompton,  the  Rev.  H.  G. 
Garrett,  Curate  of  Cardiff,  to  Emma-Graham- 
Kardley,  yonnd^est  dau.  of  late  Capt.  Eardley 

Howard,  Uenral  Fusiliers. At  Christ  church 

Marylebone,  Lieut.  William  Briggs,  of  the  list 
Regt.  of  Benq^al  Infantry,  third  son  of  the  late 
Lieut.-Col.  BriggSt  RH.  to  Adelaide-Augusta, 
youngest  dau.  of  Sir  Richard  Henegan. 

20.  At  Monkstown,  co.  Dublin,  William 
Foster,  esq-  Capt.  11th  (Prince  Albert's  Own) 
Hussars,  eldest  son  of  Sir  William  Foster, 
Bart,  of  Thorpe,  Norfolk,  to  Gcorgiua,  second 
dau.  of  Richard  Armit,  esq.  formerly  of  the  3d 
Regt.  of  Foot  Guards. 

21.  At  Surrey  chapel,  the  Rev.  Francis 
Baron,  of  Ripley,  Hants,  to  Sophia-Emron, 
second  dau.  of  E.  Perronet  Sells,  esq.  of  Fcr- 

ring.  Sussex. At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq. 

Rowland  H'/nn,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Charles 
Winn,  esq.  of  Nostell  priory,  Yorkshire,  and 
Appleby  hall,  Line,  to  Harnet-Maria  Amelia, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Dnmaresq, 

and  niece  of  the  Earl  of  Lanesborough. 

At  Bradford,  Samuel  Bafeman,  Jun.  esq.  of 
Wibsey,  only  son  of  Samuel  Bateman,  esq.  of 
Crimple  house,  near  Harrogate,  to  Eliza-Jane, 
eldest  dau.  of  Joseph  Baxter,  es<i.  of  Blake 

Hill  house,  near  Bradford. At  Paddington, 

Thomas  Wright  Watson,  eldest  son  of  W.  G. 
Watson,  esq.  of  Chigwell,  to  Claudine-Marian, 
fifth  dau.  of  the  late  John  Gore,  esq.  of  Harts, 

Woodford. At  St.  Paul's,  Deptford,  Robert 

Francis  Langley,  esq.  of  Cardiff,  solicitor,  to 
Rosa-Lydia,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  J.  A. 
Price,  esq.  of  Bromley. 

22.  At  Moretonhampstead,  T.  Howard  El- 
phinstonc  6Yon^,  esq.  Madras  N.I.  to  Matilda- 
Catharine,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  Charles 
Clack,  Rector  of  Moretonhampstead. 

23.  At  Exmouth,  John  James  Harris,  esq. 
of  Hayne,  second  son  of  the  late  I.  I).  Harris, 
esq.  of  Hayne,  to  Frances- Amelia,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Edward  Acton,  esq.  of  Gatacre 

park. At  Membury,  Samuel  Domett,  esq.  of 

Hawkchurch,  Dorset,  to  Elizabeth-Jane,  only 
dau.  of  Samuel  Newbery,  esq.  of  Goodmans, 

Devon. At  St.  Pancras,  George  Newcomen, 

esq.  Lieut.  R.N.  to  Ann-Jane-Brown,  eldest 
dau.  of  John  Vaughan,  esq.  of  Middlesborough, 

Y'orkshirc. At  Devonport,  John  Bulteel,  esq. 

of  Fletc,  eldest  son  of  the  late  J.  C.  Bulteel, 
esq.  and  Lady  Elizabeth  Bulteel,  and  grandson 
of  the  late  Earl  Grey,  to  Emphena,  youtigest 
dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Parsons,  C.M.G. 

24.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Wyndham- 
Berkeley,  eldest  son  of  W.  B.  Portmant  esq.  to 
Emily-Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  George 
-Newton,  esq.  of  Croxton  park. 

25.  At  Birkenhead,  Henry  Leeds,  esq.  se- 
cond son  of  Sir  Joseph  Leeds,  lUirt.  to  Anna- 
Dorothea,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  E.  H. 
Simpson,  M.A.  of  Drumsnatt  rectory,  Monng- 
han,  Ireland. 

28.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  George 
Markham  Giffard,  esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
Fellow  of  New  college,  Oxford,  fourth  son  of 
Adm.  John  Giffard,  to  Maria,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Charles  Pilgrim,  esq.  of  Kingsficld, 
near  Southampton. At  St.  George's  Hano- 
ver sq.  the  \en.  George  Glover,  A.M.  Arch- 
deacon of  Sudbury,  to  Charlotte,  second  dau. 

of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  Robert  Affleck,  Bart. 

At  Marylebone.  Charles  Paul  Wood,  esq.  of 
Bernard  st.  ana  Gray's  inn,  to  ftlary,  younger 

dau.  of  John  Lyall,  esq. At  St.  George's 

Hanover  sq.  the  Hon.  Rowland  Winn,  to  Mar- 
garetta-Stephftuo,  second  daa.  of  the  late  Geo. 


Walker,  esq.  of  Overhtll,  Eaiez. ^At  DnUin, 

Charles  T.  Aitekison,  eaq.  Bombftv  Army,  md 
of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Andrew  Aitchiaon,  to 
Annie- Acheson,  youngest  daa.  of  the  late  A.  W. 
Colqnhoun,  esq.  J.P.  of  Crosh,  CO.  Tyrone. 

29.  At  8tretton-en-1e-Flekl,  Derb.  the  Ber. 
Howard  Gough,  third  son  of  Ralph  Ooii|:ta.  eaq. 
of  Gorsebrook  house.  Staff,  to  Jalla-Metd, 
younger  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  A.  C.  B.  GaTe, 
Rector  of  that  parish. 

30.  At  Shurdington,  Glooc.  Oeoqre  Welatcad 
CoUedge,  esq.  Bengal  C.  S.  eldest  son  of  Tbos. 
R.  ColTedge,  esq.  H.D.  of  Cheltenham,  to  Ka- 
tliarine-Mary,  eldest  dan.  of  Wm.  Dent,  esq. 

of  Bickley  park,  Kent. At  Paddington,  Brs- 

kine  Grant  Langmore,  esq.  S7th  Bengal  NJ. 
son  of  Dr.  Langmore,  of  Finsbary  sq.  to  Blise, 
third  dau.  of  the  late  Gasper  'Wintewr.  esq.  of 

Tavistock  sq. Capt.  Robert  John  Knax,  of 

Cahirliske,  co.  Kilkenny,  son  of  the  late  MiJKir 
Knox,  to  Philippa-Allen,  eldest  sarriTloK  daa. 
of  Fred.  Lindesay,  of  Loughry,  co.  Tyrone,  and 
granddaa.  of  the  late  Sir  B.  B.  Sandys,  Bart. 

At  Brighton,  Capt.  John  HttdsoMj  K.N.  aoa 

of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Hudson,  Vicar  of  Stanwte, 
to  Matilda,  dao.  of  Major  Roe,  B.I.C.S.  of 

Brighton. At  Croydon,  Edward  Lomij  esq. 

Croydon,  to  Eiixabeth-Loat,  eldest  daa.  of  Wm. 

Russell,  esq.  Croydon. At   Marylebone, 

Lieut.  Guavus  S.  Tilfy,  Royal  Bn|^.  to  Joi 
phine-Lizzie,  only  daa.  of  Hamilton  Heonii 

esq.  of  the  Royal  Naval  HospiUI  at  Malta. 

At  Sighill,  George  Carr,  eaq.  of  Greenlawallia 
Northumb.  to  Isabella,  yoanfcest  dao.  of  tht 
late  U.  Colbeck,  esq.  Leamington  hoase. 

April  4.  At  Florence,  Richard  Cane,  eaq.  In 
Louisa,  only  daa.  of  the  Hon.  William  Dawaoa 
Damer. At  St.  Geoi^ge's  Hanorer  sq.  Ro- 
bert Aglionby  Sianeg,  esq.  of  Walford  manor, 
Shropshire,  to  Catherine-Anne,  widow  of  G.C. 
Archer,  esq.  of  Mount  John,  co.  Wicklow.~~- 
At  Banbridge,  Alexander  James  Smikerimmdf 
esq.  53d  Regt.  to  Elizabeth,  third  dan.  of  Geo. 

Tyrrell,  esq.  M.D. At  Winchester,  Kenneth 

Mackenzie,  esq.  to  Frances-Mary,  eldeat  dan. 
of  John  Barton  Baldwin,  esq.  late  of  Inrthoipt 

grange,  Craven. At   Maidstone,   Francois 

Maekemie,  esq.  2Gth  Bengal  Light  Inf.  to 
Julia,  youngest  daa.  of  John  Mercer,  eaq.  of 

Maidstone. At  Salford.  the  Rev.  Frad.  F. 

Gougk,  M.A.  of  Ningpo,  China,  to  Mary-Vicers, 
eldest  dau.  of  E.  R.  Le  Mare,  esq.  of  tba 
(irangp,  near  Manchester.— —'At  Kjpon,  the 
Rev.  H.  W.  Wright,  M.A.  Incumbent  of  Bt. 
John's,  Newcastle,  to  Lucy,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Bernard  Hague,  esq. 

5.  At  Weymouth,  Frank,  yoangest  aon  of 
the  late  John  Drewett  Austin,  esq.  of  Her 
Majesty's  Ordnance,  to  Johanna-BUsa,  eldesi 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  U.  J.  Urqubart,  Vicnr  of 
Fleet,  Dorset. 

6.  At  St.  Ocoive's  Hanover  sq.  James  Bto- 
ckananj  esq.  4th  Madras  Light  Cav.  to  Helen- 
Kathenne,  second  daa.  of  John  Harris,  coo. 

Argyll  St. At  St.  James's  Piccadilly.  Ossood 

Uanbury,  eldest  son  of  Osgood  Hanbnry.  esq. 
of  Holneld  grange.  Essex,  to  Helen-Caro* 
line,  only  dan.  of  W.  H.  Newton,  esq.  of  Le»- 

mington. At  Warton,  Lane  Joseph  IF«ffJk 

man,  esn.  second  son  of  William  WalthmaBb 
e.oq.  to  Elizabeth,  youngest  dan.  of  William 

Sharp,  esq.  of  Linden  hall. At  Battencos 

George- Francis,  fourth  son  of  John  ffaswiiij, 
esq.  of  Clapham  common,  to  Isabella,  nmrtk 
dau.  of  William  Kew,  esq.  of  the  Wandsworth 

road. At  Dublin,  the  Rev.  Thomas  jfgfy. 

Rector  of  Kilcommack,  Ardaab,  to  Rebeeoa- 
Jane,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  J.  C.  Bicker- 
staff,  esq.  of  Lislea,  Longford. ^At  Folkt* 

stone,  John  Thomas  />sipiisiew,  eaq.  srroBd 
son  of  the  late  Lieat.-Gen.  Sir  T.  Uownowa, 
K.C.B.  to  Ann-Catharine,  yonngest  dan.  of  tilt 
late  Capt.  B.  Backhouse,  6ld  FooC 


637 


OBITUARY. 


The  Duks  of  Parma. 

March  i6.  At  Parma,  aged  31,  Ferdi- 
nand Charles  (III.)  Joseph  Maria  Yittorio 
fialthasar  de  Bourbon,  Infante  of  Spain, 
Duke  of  Parma,  Piacenza,  and  the  states 
annexed. 

The  sovereignty  of  Parma  descended  to 
the  Spanish  Bourbons  by  the  marriage  of 
the  heiress  of  Farnese  to  Philip  the  Fifth 
of  Spain.  His  sons,  Charles  the  First 
(afterwards  Charles  the  Third  of  Spain) 
and  Philip,  were  both  Dukes  of  Parma,  as 
was  his  grandson  Ferdinand  (a  son  of  the 
latter),  who  by  the  Archduchess  Maria- 
Amelia,  daughter  of  the  Emperor  Francis  I. 
had  issue  Louis  King  of  Etrnria.  Lotiit 
married  the  Infanta  Maria-Louisa-Jose- 
phina  of  Spain,  who  was  his  cousin-german 
by  her  mother,  and  second-cousin  by  her 
paternal  grandfather  Charles  III.  From 
this  marriage  was  bom  Charles  II.  Duke 
of  Parma,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  the 
present  notice.  This  prince  (who  is  still 
living)  was  formerly  Duke  of  Lucca,  in 
which  principality  he  succeeded  his  mother 
in  1824.  In  Oct.  1847  he  ceded  Lucca  to 
Tuscany;  and  in  December  of  the  same 
year,  on  the  death  of  the  Archduchess 
Maria-Louisa,  the  widow  of  the  Emperor 
Napoleon,  he  succeeded  to  the  sovereignty 
of  Parma,  Piacentia,  &c.  After  a  reign  of 
only  fifteen  months  he  abdicated  in  favour 
of  his  son,  who  assumed  the  title  of 
Charles  the  Third. 

This  prince  was  bom  on  the  14th  Jan. 
1 823,  his  mother  being  the  Princess  The- 
resa of  Sardinia,  daughter  of  King  Victor- 
Em  maouel.  Having  succeeded  to  the 
ducliics  by  the  abdication  of  his  father, 
dated  the  14th  March,  1849,  he  assumed 
the  reins  of  government  by  a  proclamation 
dated  the  27th  August  following.  His 
reign  has  been  one  continual  period  of 
arbitrary  misrule.  The  duchy  nad  been 
declared  in  a  state  of  siege  in  1848,  and 
the  state  of  siege  continues  to  this  day. 
Every  college,  school,  and  seminary  was 
closed  in  1848,  and  the  youth  of  the  ondiy 
have  ever  since  bee  ndenied  all  education, 
either  at  home  or  abroad.  The  Duke  used 
the  public  moneys  to  any  extent,  and  at 
any  time  it  suited  his  purpose.  He  fixed 
no  limits  to  the  ciril  list,  and  gave  no 
account  of  either  revenue  or  expenditure. 
He  allowed  no  security  for  life  or  freedom. 
He  submitted  young  men  of  good  family 
and  blameless  conduct  to  arbitrary  arrest, 
flogging,  and  the  greatest  indignities — 
without  cause,  without  trial,  without  re- 
dress.  His  prime  minister  was  a  quondam 


Yorkshire  jockey,  or  groom,  named  Ward. 
Besides  the  outrages  which  signalised  every 
year  of  his  reign,  the  Duke  had  lately 
driven  the  people  to  despair  by  a  forced 
loan  of  eignt  millions,  which  would  have 
achieved  the  ruin  of  the  landowners, — a 
loan  for  which  neither  war  nor  any  public 
calamity  could  afford  a  shade  of  a  pretext. 
To  give  an  idea  of  the  manner  in  which 
this  money  was  squandered  away,  it  ia 
sufficient  to  say,  that,  on  the  occasion  of 
his  late  journey  to  Madrid — a  journey  un- 
dertaken for  the  sole  purpose  of  following 
a  woman  with  whom  he  had  some  in- 
trigue—he took  with  him  300,000  francs 
out  of  the  money  whidi  had  been  destined 
I6r  the  construction  of  a  railway.  A  sum 
of  the  same  amount  he  had  invested  in  a 
^Uamond,  intended  as  a  weddmg  present 
to  the  future  Empress  of  Austria,  and  for 
tiiat  wedding  he  was  preparing  himself, 
with  all  his  court,  to  travel  to  ^Hernia  in 

Cd  state,  and  at  an  enormous  cost, 
lense  sums  were  also  lavished  to  keep 
up  an  army  of  5000  men,  though  he  could 
not  yet  dispoise  with,  and  had  dearly  to 
pay  for,  Austrian  garrisons  in  all  his  towns ; 
and  he  had  lately  been  extravagant  in  en- 
dowing, painting,  and  gilding  the  Opera- 
house.  He  liad  disgusted  his  people  by  a 
life  such  as  even  Itdian  courts  had  been 
unused  to,  and  had  given  serious  cause  of 
oflSence  to  his  Dndiess,  who  in  vain  at- 
tempted to  recall  him  to  a  better  course, 
and  to  withdraw  him  from  the  fatal  in- 
fluence of  minions,  especially  of  Baron 
Ward,  whom  he  had  made  his  prime 
minister  at  home,  and  general  agent  and 
representative  abroad. 

The  Duke  was  assassinated  on  the  26th 
ofBCarch.  Yariooa  accounts  of  the  oocor- 
rence  have  been  circulated.  It  was  at  first 
stated  to  have  been  perpetrated  by  a  soldier 
in  a  low  wine-shop ;  but  it  now  appean 
that  it  occurred  as  Ibllows : — ^The  Duke 
was  walking  in  the  Strada  Santa  Luda, 
dressed  in  the  costume  of  an  Hungarian 
general,  and  accompanied  by  an  aioe-de- 
camp.  As  he  passed  a  by-street  called 
Eorgo  San  Giorgio,  a  man  mshed  upon 
him  and  stabbed  him  in  the  stomach.  The 
assassin  immediately  effected  his  esoape, 
in  which  he  was  evidently  favoured  by  the 
bjr-standers,  and  he  has  not  since  been 
discovered.  On  the  following  day  it  was 
found  that  the  wires  of  the  tel^;raphie  Une 
oommunioatinff  with  Lombardy  had  been 
cut  in  three  phees. 

He  married,  Nov.  10, 1845,  the  Prinoeis 
Louifa-Maria-TheraM-Henrikta,dan|^hter 


638 


Obituary. — The  Marquess  of  Angleie^. 


[Jane, 


of  the  late  Prince  Ferdinand  d'Artois,  Due 
de  Berri,  and  sister  of  the  Due  de  Bor- 
deaux (Comte  de  Chambord).  The  Duchess 
survives  him,  with  four  children:  1.  Mar- 
garet -  Maria  -  Theresa  -  Henrietta,  born 
Jan.  1,  1847;  2.  Robert-Charles- Louit- 
Maria,  his  successor,  born  on  the  9th  July, 
1848;  3.  Alice  -  Maria  -  Caroline  -  Ferdi- 
nanda  -  Rachel  -  Anne  -  Philomena,  born 
1849  ;  and  4.  Henry  >  Charles  •  Liouis- 
George- Abraham -PauJ,  Count  of  Bardi, 
born  1851 

The  Duchess  of  Parma  has  assumed  the 
regency  during  the  minority  of  her  son 
Prince  Robert.  The  ministry  is  dissolved, 
and  Baron  Ward  has  received  orders  to 
quit  the  country,  and  never  to  return  to 
it.   This  order  has  given  great  satisfaction. 

The  Mab^ukss  of  Anglesey,  K.G. 
April  29.  At  his  town  residence  in  Old 
Burlington-street,  in  his  86th  year,  the 
Most  Noble  Henry  William  Paget,  Mar- 
quess of  Anglesey  (1815),  second  Earl  of 
Uxbridge  (1784),  tenth  Baron  Paget  of 
Beaudesert,  co.  Stafford  (by  writ  1550), 
the  fourtli  Baronet  (of  the  kingdom  of 
Ireland,  1730^,  Kuight  of  the  Garter, 
Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath,  and 
Knight  of  the  orders  of  the  Guelphs  of 
Hanover,  Maria  Theresa  of  Austria,  St. 
George  of  Russia,  and  William  of  the 
Netherlands,  a  Pnvy  Councillor,  a  Field 
Marshal  of  Her  Majesty's  forces,  Colonel 
of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards,  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  General  Officers,  Captain  of 
Cowes  Castle,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Staf- 
fordshire, Lord  Lieutenant  and  Custos 
Rotulorum  of  the  county  of  Anglesey, 
Vice- Admiral  of  the  coast  of  North  Wales 
and  the  county  of  Carmarthen,  Chamber- 
lain and  Chancellor  of  North  Wales,  Con- 
stable of  the  castle  of  Carnarvon,  Ranger 
of  Snowdon  Forest,  &c.  &c. 

The  Marquess  of  Anglesey  was  bom 
on  the  17th  of  May,  in  the  year  17G8. 
He  was  the  eldest  child  of  Henry  first  Earl 
of  Uxbridge,  by  Jane,  eldest  daughter  of 
the  Very  Rev.  Arthur  Champagne,  Dean 
of  Clonmacnoise.  His  father  had  the 
numerous  familv  of  seven  sons  and  five 
daughters,  of  wnom  he  was  the  last  sur- 
vivor, although  the  whole  of  them,  except 
the  youngest,  survived  the  years  of  child- 
hood. "Die  third  son,  Sir  Arthur,  was  a 
Privy  Councillor  and  Grand  Cross  of  the 
Bath.  The  fourth.  Sir  Edward,  a  General 
and  also  Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath.  The 
fifth.  Sir  Charles,  a  Vice-Admiral  and 
Grand  Cross  of  Hanover.  Of  the  daugh- 
ters, the  eldest  was  Countess  of  Galloway ; 
the  fourth,  Countess  of  Enniskillen ;  the 
youngest,  Lady  Graves ;  and  the  third, 
the  wife  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  General 
Sir  George  Murray,  G.C.B. 


Few  and  unimportant  are  the  detaOi 
which  have  been  preserred  to  us  of  thk 
gallant  nobleman's  early  youth.  Whce 
still  yoang,  he  was  placed  at  Weatmimtcr 
School,  and  after  leaving  Westminiter,  ha 
was  entered  at  Christchurch,  Oxford,  and 
was  created  M. A.  on  the  SBth  Juie,  1786L 
At  the  beginniiurof  the  Kevolationary war 
in  1793,  Lord  Paget,  with  aU  that  fl- 
vacious  impetaoaity  which  diatingidahel 
his  subsequent  career,  raiaed  ■monf  Ui 
father's  tenantry  the  80th  F^gimfrnt  of 
Foot,  or  Staffordshire  Volanteera,  wfaiek 
have  since  diatinffuiahed  themaelTei  ia 
many  a  hard-fou^t  field,  from  the  ^i^ 
mids  to  the  Sntl^.  When  completed  ti 
GOO  men.  Lord  Paget  waa  preaented  witt 
the  Lieutenant-Colonelcy,  and  on  400 
more  being  added,  hia  Lordship  was  oiend 
the  Colonelcy,  which  he  declined,  on  thi 
ground  of  hia  not  having  thcsi  bean  on 
foreign  service.  Meanwhile,  he  reodwd 
the  commiasiona  of  Lieutenant  in  the  7th 
Foot,  March  11,  1793;  Captain  ia  tfci 
33d,  on  the  25th  March ;  Muor  m  tka 
0'.5th,  on  the  S9th  May  ;  and  Uent-Gs- 
lonel  on  the  12th  Sept  1793.  His  fathv, 
who  had  for  many  years  commanded  tfci 
Staffordshire,  or  King'a  Own,  Bfifiria, 
which  was  permanently  quartered  at 
Windsor,  under  the  immediate  eye  of  10^ 
George  the  Third,  eagerly  seconded  thi 
disposition  of  hia  aon  to  take  a  ahaia  ii 
the  vast  military  movements  which  wen 
then  going  forward.  Accordingly,  tiini 
months  after  the  letter  of  ser^ce.  Lsid 
Paget,  with  hia  regiment,  embarhad  fcr 
Guernsey,  and  from  thence,  in  1794,  hi 
joined  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of 
York  in  Flanders;  and  in   the 


checks  and  triampha  of  that   campata 
commenced  his  miiitanr  career.     (jatC 
disastrous  repulse  of  Turcoing   he  fint 
earned  a  name  for  dashing  braTery.  ¥tam 
the  date  of   that    important  check  the 
English  troops  lost  ground  daily,  leClnd 
rapidly  upon  Bois-le-Duc,  and  from  theses 
across  the  Meuse.  During  this  memorabb 
retreat,  which  was  effected  in  the  midst  el 
an  intense  frost,  and  in  want  of  ahnoaC 
every  necessary,  Lord  Paget,  at  the  head 
of  his  gallant  80th,  acquired  addition^ 
laurela  ;  and,  although  at  that  time  oa^y 
26  years  of  age,  he,  during  tlie  tampocaiy 
absence  of  Lord  Catbcart,  had  the  dutlae* 
tioii  of  replacing  that  oiBcer  at  the  lisad  of 
the  brigade. 

On  the  15th  Jane,  1794,  his  LoidsUb 
was  appointed  Lieut-Colonel  of  the  Imb 
Light  Dragoons;  on  the  3d  May,  1791^ 
he  obtained  the  rank  of  Colonel ;  and  on 
the  6th  April,  17.97>  he  waa  lemoved  ffwa 
the  Lient.-Colonelcy  of  the  80th  to  the 
active  command  of  the  7th  Li|fat  DragooH^ 
which  with  other  bodies  or  ctvaUy  was 


1854.] 


Obituary.— 7%tf  Marquess  of  Anglesey, 


6d9 


sent  down  to  Ipswich  for  drill.  There  it 
was  that  his  lordship  commenced  that 
series  of  evolutions,  and  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  that  system  of  discipline,  which 
effected  an  entire  reform  in  cavalry  prac- 
tice. 

Lord  Paget  was  member  for  the  Car- 
narvon district  of  boroughs  in  the  parlia- 
ment of  1790-6. 

At  the  close  of  1799  he  again  prepared 
to  accompany  the  Duke  of  York  in  the 
expedition  to  Holland.  In  the  general 
attack  made  on  the  2nd  Oct.  1799,  Lord 
Paget  was  attached  to  the  division  under 
the  command  of  the  Russian  General  de 
Herman,  posted  on  the  Sand  Hills,  where 
his  brilliant  cavalry  manoeuvres  contributed 
materially  to  the  victory  that  day  obtained 
by  British  troops  under  circumstances  of 
the  most  discouraging  nature.  Late  in 
the  evening  the  enemy's  cavalry,  having 
been  defeated  io  an  attempt  which  they 
made  upon  the  British  Horse  Artillery, 
were  charged  by  Lord  Paget*s  brigade  and 
driven  back  with  considerable  losfl,  nearly 
to  Egmont-op-Zee.  In  the  final  retreat 
his  lordship's  arduous  services  were  recog- 
nised by  his  being  honoured  with  the  diffi- 
cult and  dangerous  duty  of  protecting  the 
rear.  While  engaged  in  this  duty,  some 
pieces  of  our  cannon  having  been  cap- 
tured in  a  skirmish,  his  lordship,  with  one 
squadron,  made  a  desperate  attack  upon 
the  force  of  Gen.  Simon,  amounting  to 
seven  squadrons,  utterly  routed  them,  and 
recaptured  the  British  and  five  of  the 
enemy's  cannon,  sustaining  a  merely  no- 
minal loss. 

Soon  after  the  return  of  the  army  from 
Holland,  on  the  1st  July,  1795,  Lord 
Paget  was  united  to  Lady  Caroline  Eliza- 
beth Villiers,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of 
Jersey,  by  whom  he  had  eight  children, 
but  with  whom,  nevertheless,  he  did  not 
lead  so  happy  a  life  as  might  have  been 
anticipated.  It  terminated  in  a  divorce, 
pronounced  by  the  Scotch  courts  in  iBlO, 
when  her  ladyship  was  remarried  to  the 
Duke  of  Argyll.     She  died  in  1835. 

After  this  time  Lord  Paget  remained  for 
some  years  devoting  himself  entirely  to 
the  discharge  of  his  regimental  duties. 
By  his  unremitting  attention  and  admirable 
discipline,  the  7th  Light  Dragoons,  in 
which  he  took  much  pride,  became  one  of 
the  first  cavalry  corps  in  the  service.  He 
was  promoted  to  Major- General  April  29, 
1802;  and  to  Lieut-General  April  25, 1808. 

Towards  the  close  of  1808  Lord  Paget 
was  ordered  into  Spain  with  two  brigades 
of  cavalry,  consisting  of  the  7th,  lOth, 
15th,  and  18th  regiments  of  Hussars,  to 
strengthen  the  corps  of  the  army  under 
Sir  David  Baird,  who  was  marching 
through  Gallicia  for  the  purpose  of  effect- 


ing a  junction  with  the  main  body  advanc- 
ing upon  Salamanca,  under  the  brave  but 
unfortunate  Sir  John  Moore.  Lord  Paget 
disembarked  his  force  at  Corunna,  amidst  in- 
numerable difficulties  opposed  by  the  want 
of  forage,  the  apathy  of  the  Spaniards,  and 
the  insufficient  supplies  they  afforded,  and 
proceeded  in  the  route  taken  by  the  divi- 
sion of  Sfr  David  Baird.  On  the  lOth 
Dec.  Lord  Paget  arrived  at  Zamora,  and, 
after  a  long  and  laborious  march,  brought 
up  to  the  assistance  of  Sir  John  an  active 
and  well-equipped  body  of  cavalry. 

In  the  retreat  his  cavalry  brigade  brought 
up  the  rear,  when  his  lordship's  somewhat 
imprudent  ardour  frequently  exposed  him 
to  imminent  danger.  Skirmishes,  of 
course,  were  of  more  than  daily  occur- 
rence ;  but  by  the  masterly  disposition  of 
his  lordship,  and  the  consummate  disci- 
pline and  alacrity  he  had  infused  into  his 
brigades,  the  British  troops  were  enabled 
to  continue  their  retreat  with  trifling  loss. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  retreat 
his  lordship  put  himself  at  the  head  of 
four  hundred  of  his  men  at  Sahagun,  and 
resolutely  attacked  a  body  of  nine  hundred 
French.  The  English  fought  with  incre- 
dible valour,  putting  the  enemy  to  flight, 
and  capturing  nearly  two  hundred  men, 
besides  thirty  killed  and  several  more 
wounded. 

Soon  after,  in  passing  Mayaga,  Lord 
Paget  heard  that  a  party  of  the  enemy 
was  in  the  town.  On  reconnoitering,  he 
discovered  two  squadrons  without  and  a 
small  party  within.  Ordering  up  two 
squadrons  of  the  tenth  Dragoons,  he  ad- 
vanced through  the  town,  when  the  enemy 
retreated  to  high  ground.  His  lordship 
then  ordered  one  squadron  to  the  attack, 
which  approached  within  two  hundred 
yards  of  the  enemy,  and  then  stackened 
their  pace.  Thinking  that  they  hesitated, 
Lord  Paget  rode  through  them,  and  com- 
menced the  charge  ;  the  Frenefa  remain- 
ing firm,  and  firing  their  carbines,  vrith 
sonie  effect.  The  charge  was  made  with 
the  greatest  order,  and  the  result  was  ti 
hundred  prisoners,  with  fifty  of  their 
horses,  and  nearly  as  many  left  dead  oil 
the  field. 

A  third  enterprise,  at  Benevente,  amidst 
the  worst  circumstances  of  the  retreat,  was 
still  more  brave  and  successful.  The 
whole  of  the  infantry  and  heavy  artillery 
had  left  the  place,  when  the  French  made 
their  appearance ;  Lord  Paget  was  still  in 
the  town,  and  placed  himself  at  the  head 
of  the  tenth  Hussars  jnst  as  the  enemy 
commenced  skirmishing  with  the  picqoeta. 
In  connection  with  General  Stuart  at  the 
head  of  the  latter,  his  lordship  charged  die 
French,  who  immediately  gave  way,  and 
repassed  the  ford  more  qnickly  than  they 


640 


Obituary.— 7^  Marquess  ofAngUsejf. 


had  crossed  it.  On  the  other  side  they 
formed  again,  and  threatened  a  second 
attempt;  but  were  again  repulsed,  and 
the  Commander  of  the  Imperial  Guard, 
General  Lefebvre  Desnouettes,  was  taken 
prisoner.  To  this  brave  repulse  of  the 
advanced  guard  of  the  French,  the  safe  ar- 
rival of  the  English  at  Corunna  may  in  a 
great  measure  be  ascribed. 

The  battle  of  Corunna  took  place  in  a 
few  days,  and  gave  Lord  Paget  another 
opportunity  of  distinguishing  himself. 
While  some  soldiers  were  conveying  their 
wounded  and  dying- commander  from  the 
field,  Lord  Paget  hastened  with  the  reserve 
to  support  the  right  wing  of  the  army. 
Perceiving  Colonel  Beckwith,  at  the  head 
of  the  rifle  corps,  retiring  before  a  supe- 
rior force,  his  lordship  attacked  this  force 
with  surprising  courage,  repulsed  it,  and 
then  pressing  on  dispersed  every  thing 
before  him,  till  the  enemy,  perceiring  their 
left  wing  in  danger,  drew  it  entirely  back. 
This  bold  movement  decided  the  fate  of 
the  day :  it  deterred  the  French  from 
further  advance,  until  the  body  of  the 
commander  was  safely  interred,  and  the 
entire  army  embarked  in  the  vessels  wait- 
ing in  the  harbour. 

Lord  Paget  received  a  medal  for  his 
conduct  in  the  action  at  Sahagun ;  and  a 
magnificent  groupe  in  silver  was  presented 
to  him,  bearing  the  following  inscription : 
'*  This  piece  of  plate  is  presented  to  Lieut- 
General  Lord  Paget,  by  the  Prince  Regent, 
his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land, and  the  inscribed  Officers  of  the 
Hussar  brigade,  who  have  served  under  his 
Lordship's  command,  in  token  of  their  ad- 
miration of  his  high  military  acquirements, 
and  of  the  courage  and  talents  constantly 
displayed  by  him  in  leading  the  Hussars 
to  victory  against  the  French  cavalry, 
during  the  campaign  in  the  Peninsula  in 
1808.»' 

In  the  autumn  of  1809  Lord  Paget  re- 
turned to  England,  where  he  remained 
for  some  time,  taking  no  part  in  the  sub- 
sequent Peninsular  campaigns.  During 
this  time  his  lordship  was,  in  1810,  di- 
vorced from  Lady  Paget,  and  then  married 
Lady  Cowley,  the  daughter  of  the  Earl  of 
Cadogan,  and  mother  of  the  present  Lord 
Cowley,  who  had  been  divorced  from  Lord 
Cowley  in  the  same  year. 

From  1806  to  1812  Lord  Paget  sat  in 
the  House  of  Commons  as  representative 
for  Milbourn  Port ;  when  the  death  of  his 
father,  in  the  latter  year,  removed  him  to 
the  House  of  Peers  as  Earl  of  Uxbridge. 
In  the  spring  of  1815  he  commanded  the 
troops  assembled  in  London  to  quell  the 
Corn  Bill  riots ;  and  immediately  after, 
when  all  Europe  was  thunderstruck  by 
Napoleon's  sudden  bunt  into  France  from 
10 


[Jnne^ 


his  island  eage,  the  ftlliee  recalled  thdr 
scattered  armies,  and  agaiii  took  the  lldd. 
This  campaign  was  to  be  fought  by  od- 
nutes.  Both  sides  knew  well  that  eU 
depended  on  time.  By  a  happy  appoint- 
ment, the  command  of  the  large  eavaky 
forces  attached  to  the  Anglo- Bdgian  amy 
was  given  to  the  Earl  of  Uxbridge. 

Next  to  the  great  leader  of  the  hoat,  the 
victory  of  Waterloo  waa  more  indebted  to 
the  Earl  of  Uxbridge  than  any  other  of 
the  numerous  warriors  of  that  memorahle 
day.  An  eye-witness  of  hia  lordaUp'a 
conduct  remarks,  that  **  he  diaplayed  con- 
summate valour  in  the  atcht  of  his  ad- 
miring men."  As  it  waa  the  great  object 
of  the  moment  to  kindle  the  spirit  of  o« 
troops,  what  could  more  effectoally  do 
this  than  the  display,  the  gallantry,  aad 
the  dash  of  their  superior  ?  ^lia  was  the 
more  important  from  the  lact  thaft  Mt 
having  as  yet  made  an  essay  on  the  Caim- 
siers,  they  entertained  an  idea  that  iB 
attack  upon  them  was  ineifectaal.  Tvioi 
had  the  gallant  Earl  led  the  Guards  to  tki 
charge,  cheering  them  with  the  ralljiH 
cry  of  '*  Now  for  the  honour  of  the  bon» 
hold  troops !"  when  three  heavy  nuHSi 
of  the  enemy's  infantry  advaneed,  wm^ 
ported  by  artillery,  and  a  nnmeroos  bo^ 
of  Cuirassiers.  This  formidsdile  ftms 
drove  in  the  Belgians,  leaving  the  High- 
land brigade  to  receive  the  shock.  At  CUs 
critical  moment  Lord  Uxbridge  gallopsi 
up  to  the  second  heavy  brigade,  under  the 
command  of  Sir  William  Ponsonby,  vhsa 
the  three  regiments  were  wheeled  ap  la 
the  most  masterly  style,  presenting  a  beaa- 
tiful  front  of  about  thirteen  hundred  mmu 
As  the  Earl  rode  down  the  line,  be  «M 
received  bv  a  general  shout  and  cheer  tnm 
the  brigade.  Then,  placing  h»i»— if  it 
their  hMd,  they  madie  the  most  rapid  aad 
destructive  charge  ever  witneaaira.  IW 
division  they  attacked  oonristed  of  upwaiA 
of  nine  thousand  men  under  Count  D'Erloa. 
Of  these,  three  thousand  were  made  pri- 
soners, and  the  rest  killed ;  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  few  hundred  men,  who  Ibnaed 
themselves  under  cover  of  the  Cniraaalen. 
After  this  his  lordship  bravely  led  the  aaae 
troops  in  several  other  brUliant  ■*tiiffcs, 
cutting  in  pieces  whole  battaUona  of  the 
old  French  Guard,  into  whoae  maasi 
they  penetrated. 

After  performing  prodigies  of  Taloar» 
and  q)parently  getting  through  the  aidi 
struggles  of  the  day,  the  Earl  received 

wound  in  the  knee,  by  almost  the  last  i 

that  was  fired.  At  first  the  wound  wm 
not  considered  material;  but  vpoa  aar- 
gical  examination  it  was  found  iMM^fftiy 
to  amputate  the  leg.  For  tids  pnrpeas 
his  lordship  was  conveyed  to  "Wglsrioaw 
and  taken  to  the  houie  of  a 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Hie  Mart^uess  of  Anglesey, 


641 


draper  in  the  village,  nearly  opposite  the 
liead  quarters  of  the  commander-in-chief. 
The  operation  was  performed  without 
delay,  and  with  the  best  success.  Strangers 
who  visit  the  place  are  always  shown  with 
pride  the  chair  in  which  his  lordship  sat 
to  undergo  the  operation;  the  boot  that 
was  taken  from  the  amputated  leg ;  the 
spot  in  the  garden  where  the  limb  was 
buried,  and  over  which  the  friendly  owner 
has  planted  a  weeping  willow,  adorning 
the  avenues  leading  to  the  spot  with  appro- 
•     priate  shrubs. 

The  Prince  Regent  wag  prompt  in  re- 
warding the  bravery  of  his  servant,  for  in 
five  days  after  the  battle  we  find  his  lord- 
ship raised  to  a  marquisate  of  the  united 
kingdom  by  the  title  of  Marquess  of  An- 
glesey. 

In  about  two  months  the  noble  Mar- 
quess was  able  to  leave  his  retreat  in 
Waterloo  and  return  to  England.  His 
stay  in  London  was  as  short  and  private 
as  possible ;  but  on  passing  through  Lich- 
field on  his  way  to  the  family  seat  at  Beaa- 
desert,  he  was  received  with  public  and 
appropriate  honours.  In  anticipation  of 
his  arrival,  a  costly  sword  had  been  voted 
by  the  corporation,  who,  in  full  costume, 
and  attended  by  the  principal  inhabitants 
on  horseback,  met  his  lordship  at  some 
distance  from  the  city,  and  conducted  him 
to  their  hall,  amidst  the  acclamations  of  a 
prodigious  multitude  collected  from  a  cir- 
cuit of  many  miles.  On  reaching  the  hall 
the  sword  was  presented  by  the  Mayor, 
and  an  address  delivered  by  the  Recorder. 
To  the  latter  the  noble  Marquess  replied 
in  a  speech  of  singular  modesty  and  good 
sense.  Two  allusions,  one  to  the  Duke 
of  Wellington,  and  the  other  to  himself, 
were  delivered  with  great  animation,  and 
produced  a  powerful  effect.  He  nobly 
disclaimed  the  honour  of  the  victory,  and 
attributed  the  whole  to  the  surpassing 
wisdom  and  valour  of  the  commander-in- 
chief.  Then  pointing  to  the  seat  of  his 
own  wound,  to  the  artificial  limb  he  had 
been  compelled  to  assume,  and  to  the 
glittering  weapon  he  had  just  placed  be- 
side it — **  Though  I  cannot  look  forward 
to  the  exercise  of  my  former  vigour,  but 
must  expect  to  remain  the  subject  of 
bodily  infirmity,  and  of  consequent  occa- 
isional  depression  of  mind,  yet  with  this 
sword  by  my  side  I  shall  derive  fresh 
strength  and  spirits  from  the  recollections 
it  will  excite,  and  shall  hope,  when  neces- 
sity demands,  and  opportunity  offers,  to  be 
of  farther  service  to  my  gratefal  country.'' 

Some  weeks  after  the  Marquess  received 
a  visit  at  Beaudesert  from  the  Prince  Re- 
gent and  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  who  were 
then  staying  at  Combe  Abbey,  the  scat  of 
Lord  Craven. 

Gent,  Mag.  Vol,  XLL 


For  his  services  at  Waterloo  the  Mar- 
quess of  Anglesea  was  nominated  a  Knight 
Grand  Cross  of  the  order  of  the  Bath,  in 
1815  ;  also  by  the  Emperor  of  Austria  a 
Commander  of  the  order  of  Maria  Theresa, 
and  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia  a  Knight  of 
the  order  of  St.  George,  of  the  second 
class.  In  1816  he  was  nominated  a  Knight 
Grand  Cross  of  the  Hanoverian  Guelphic 
order,  and  in  1818  elected  a  Knight  of  the 
Garter. 

He  attained  the  full  rank  of  General  on 
the  l?th  Angust,  1819.  He  was  unpo- 
pular during  the  period  of  Queen  Caroline's 
trial,  in  1820,  on  account  of  the  support 
which  he  gave  to  the  bill  of  pains  and 
penalties ;  and  on  one  occasion  he  was 
surrounded  by  the  populace,  who  insisted 
on  his  shouting  ^*  The  Queen  for  ever ! " 
After  much  reluctance,  he  at  length  cried 
out — **  The  Queen  I  the  Queen  !  and  may 
all  your  wives  be  like  her  I '' 

At  the  coronation  of  George  the  Fourth, 
in  1831,  the  Marquess  of  Anglesey  sus- 
tained the  office  of  Lord  High  Steward  of 
England ;  and  the  grace  and  dignity  with 
which  he  accompanied  the  Champion  during 
the  ceremony  of  the  Challenge  in  West- 
minster Hall  were  the  subject  of  universal 
admiration. 

In  1826  he  received  the  appointment  of 
Captain  of  Cowes  Castle  (which  will  not 
again  be  filled  up). 

On  the  30th  April,  1827,  when  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  ceased  to  be  Master- 
general  of  the  Ordnance,  the  Marquess  of 
Anglesey  succeeded  him,  and  on  that  oc« 
casion  he  was  sworn  a  member  of  the 
Privy  Council,  and  took  a  seat  in  the 
Cabinet.  His  tenure  of  office  at  this 
period  extended  to  the  spring  of  the  fol- 
lowing year ;  when,  on  the  1st  March,  he 
was  sworn  Lord  Lieutenant-Governor  and 
Governor-general  of  Ireland.  In  this  im- 
portant station,  as  representative  of  bis 
Sovereign,  his  lordship  engaged  the  warm 
affections  of  the  Irish  people.  He  secured 
their  obedience  to  the  laws.  He  subdued 
religious  animosities.  He  conciliated  ge- 
neral goodwill.  He  sought  to  ameliorate 
and  improve  the  condition  of  the  labour- 
ing classes ;  commerce  received  an  active 
spring  through  his  patronage  and  munifi- 
cence, and  every  means  were  put  in  pro- 
gress towards  national  prosperity,  when 
he  was  recalled  by  the  king's  minister  in 
the  twelfth  month  of  his  yice-regal  func- 
tions. He  was  succeeded  by  the  Dnke  of 
Northumberland;  but  beoime  Viceroy 
again  at  the  close  of  1830,  under  the  G^y 
administration.  In  1831  matters  went 
worse  than  ever.  That  was  the  year  of 
the  great  trial  of  strength  between  the 
Viceroy  and  O'Cpnnell ;  the  titular  ruler 
of  Ireland  issuing  proclamatioDS  against  a 

4N 


64;J 


Obituary.— 7%e  Marquess  of  AngUsey. 


[June, 


certain  order  of  public  meetings,  and  the 
Tlrtoal  ruler  disobeying,  undergoing  trial, 
pleading  guilty,  and  so  getting  off  harm- 
less as  to  induce  the  report  and  impression, 
never  afterwards  entirely  got  rid  of,  that 
there  was  compromise  and  even  collusion 
between  the  agitator  and  the  Whig  Go- 
Temment.  In  Moore's  Memoirs  it  ap- 
pears that  the  poet  thought  the  Viceroy 
extremely  nervous  about  the  state  of  Ire- 
land. But  in  public  there  was  never  any 
appearance  of  discomposure.  Those  who 
saw  him  mobbed  in  Dublin  streets,  as 
sometimes  happened,  can  well  remember 
the  smiling  good  humour,  the  look  of 
amusement,  with  which  the  lame  soldier, 
alone  and  armed  only  with  his  umbrella, 
used  his  weapon  to  rap  the  knuckles  of 
the  noisy  Paddies  who  laid  hands  on  the 
bridle  of  his  pony.  He  was  very  popular 
in  the  midst  of  his  proclamations  and 
coercions.  His  bearing  suited  the  temper 
of  the  Irish ;  and  there  really  was  a  good 
deal  of  love  between  them.  The  coercion 
acts  that  he  called  for  were,  however, 
fatal  to  Lord  Grey's  government.  The 
one  he  obtained  in  1833  was  severe.  Lord 
Grey  thought  it  ought  to  be  renewed,  with 
the  omission  of  the  provision  for  martial 
law.  Others  thought  not ;  and  Lord  Grey 
went  out  upon  it.  There  was  misunder- 
standing in  the  cabinet,  causing  a  renewal 
of  the  complaint  of  underhand  dealings 
with  O'Connell,  while  O'Connell  declared 
himself  tricked  ;  and  Lord  Grey's  retire- 
ment was  the  consequence.  Thus  it  ap- 
pears to  have  been  Lord  Anglesey^  re- 
markable lot  to  have  precipitated  Catholic 
emancipation  by  his  first  short  tenure  of 
the  viceroyalty,  and  the  breaking  up  of 
the  Grey  cabinet  by  the  second.  Some 
interesting  letters  and  other  papers  re- 
garding his  Irish  administration,  which  he 
at  this  time  communicated  to  the  late  Lord 
Cloncurry,  are  printed  in  the  Recollec- 
tions of  that  nobleman.  (See  our  January 
number,  p.  86.) 

Lord  Anglesey  again  became  Master- 
General  of  the  Ordnance  on  the  formation 
of  Lord  John  Russell's  administration  in 
1846 ;  and  he  held  that  office  till  Lord 
Derby  came  into  power,  in  March,  1852. 

After  commanding  the  7th  Light  Dra- 
goons for  more  than  forty  years,  he  was 
removed  to  the  command  of  the  Royal 
Horse  Guards  in  1842.  In  1846  he  wai 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  Field  Marshal, 
and  at  his  death  he  was  the  only  Field 
Marshal  in  the  British  army,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  her  Majesty's  consort  and  uncle. 
In  1 849  he  was  appointed  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant and  Gustos  Rotulorum  of  the  county 
of  Stafford,  having  been  previously  for 
many  years  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  county 
of  Anglesey,  In  which  are  situated  the 


estates  of  his  ancestors  in  the  male-line 
the  Bayleys,  who  became  Pagets  in  the 
person  of  his  father  in  the  year  1770. 

**  All  have  thought  and  felt  alike  abont 
the  merits  of  Lord  Anglesey.     In  every 
journal,  in  every  society,  the  same  aenti- 
ment  has  prevailed.    It  was  the  peculiarity 
indeed  of  his  frank  and  noble  nature  to 
make  itself  understood,  and  to  impress  all 
who  had  intercourse  with  him,  however 
slight,  with  a  lively  sense  of  his  qualitiet. 
It  might  almost  be  said  that  hit  character 
could  be  read  off  at  sight,   the  expreta 
image  of  chivalry  as  he  was.     His  bwing 
bespoke  the  man,  so  gallant,  so  high,  so 
courteous.    Seldom  have  bravery,  gentle^ 
ness,  and  generosity  been  combined  in 
such  noble  proportions.     In  his  character 
there  was  not  a  fold,  it  was  all  open  u 
day.    His  politics  were  thoroughly  liberal, 
and  with  more  far-sighted  and  sound  statet- 
manship  in  them  than  the  world  has  per- 
haps given  him  credit  for.    There  is  not 
within  the  last  forty  years  a  single  im- 
portant measure  of  reform  in  Churdi  and 
State  of  which  Lord  Anglesey  vraa  not  t 
strenuous,  a  steady,  and  an  early  advocate. 
He  generally,  indeed,  was  in  advance  of 
public  opinion,  and  strongly  urged  mea- 
sures which  were  opposed  at  the  time  is 
Radical,  but  which  are  now  extolled  for 
their  wisdom,  and  the  settled  law  of  tlie 
land.     Catholic  Emancipation,  Reform  in 
Parliament,  Free  Trade,  Reform  of  t^ 
Irish  Church,  had  in  him  an  earlv  anil 
stanch  champion.     He  was  a  repeaJer  of 
the  Com  Laws  and  a  thorough  Free  Trader 
years  before  those  objects  became  popular, 
and  he  disapproved  of  the  compromise  of 
the  low  fixed  duty  proposed  in   1840,  as 
short  of  what  justice  and  policy  required. 
Upon  Sir  Robert  Peel  bringing  forward 
hid  plan  of  Free  Trade,  it  was  remarked 
to  Lord  Anglesey  that  he  must  not  shut 
his  eyes  to  the  injury  it  would  do  to  the 
landed  interest.    His  answer  was, '  Nerer 
mind — it  is  right  and  just,  and  the  landed 
interest  must  not  stand  in  the  way  of  right.* 
The  Board  of  Education  in  Ireland,  one 
of  the  greatest  benefits  ever  conferred  on 
that  country,  was  Lord  Anglesey's  work. 
The  credit  has  been  given  to  Lonl  D^rbj, 
but  it  is  so  far  from  being  deserved  that 
he  was   actually  hostile  to  the  scheme^ 
which  originated  with  Lord  Anglesey,  and 
was  by  his  energies  and  exertions  con- 
ducted to  success.     Lord  Anglesey's  poli- 
tical services  were  not  appreciated,  because 
he  was  not  a  speaker,  and  could  not  talk 
well  of  what  he  did  well,  or  at  least  coold 
not  do  justice  in  words  to  his  own  acts. 
But  he  bad  a  sound,  shrewd  understand- 
ing, a  judgment  seldom  at  fault,   often 
acting  like  an  instinct,  and  accompanied 
with  a  moral  courage  not  inferior  to  hit 


1854.] 


Obituary. — The  Marquess  of  Anglesey* 


643 


brilliant  physical  bravery  in  the  Held  of 
battle.  Few  men  have  better  understood 
themselves  than  Lord  Anglesey,  and  he 
knew  exactly  for  what  he  was  (it  and  for 
what  he  was  not  fit,  and  office  had  no  at- 
traction for  him  except  where  lay  his  sphere 
of  utility,  beyond  which  he  never  sought, 
nor  would  accept  employment. 

**  Lord  Anglesey's  administration  of  the 
Ordnance  Department  was  remarkable  for 
its  scrupulous  justice,  and  attention  to 
all  soldierly  interests  and  claims ;  other 
influences  than  those  of  duty  had  not  the 
slightest  weight  with  him.  We  have  heard 
complaints  of  his  refusing  favours  to  old 
friends,  but  he  practised  what  he  subjected 
others  to,  and  acted  the  noble  part  of  re- 
fusing a  favour  to  himself  when  there  was 
another  whom  he  thought  more  deserving 
of  it.  On  the  death  of  the  Duke  of  Gor- 
don, the  command  of  the  Scots  Fusilier 
Guards  was  offered  in  the  most  gratifying 
way  by  King  William  to  Lord  Anglesey. 
He  received  the  letter  communicating  his 
Majesty's  pleasure  at  night,  and  at  eight 
the  following  morning  he  was  in  St.  Jameses 
Palace  requesting  an  interview,  which  he 
readily  obtained.  He  expressed  his  gra- 
titude for  the  King's  kind  intention,  and 
the  admiration  in  which  he  held  the  corps 
the  command  of  which  was  offered  to  him; 
but  he  added,  '  I  am  sure  that  in  naming 
mc  to  this  honour  your  Majesty  has  not 
borne  in  mind  the  fact  that  Lord  Ludlow 
lost  an  arm  in  Holland  at  the  head  of  this 
very  regiment.'  The  King  acknowledged 
that  the  fact  had  escaped  his  memory,  and 
thanked  Lord  Anglesey  for  reminding  him. 
Lord  Ludlow  had  the  regiment,  and  Lord 
Anglesey  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  a 
brave  old  soldier  rewarded,  and  made 
happy  for  the  rest  of  his  life. 

"  While  at  the  Ordnance  Office  he  ren- 
dered the  service  of  putting  the  coast 
defences  in  a  proper  state  of  preparation. 
Oo  one  of  his  visits  of  inspection  to  Ports- 
mouth he  was  accompanied  by  the  Duke 
of  Wellington,  and  most  interesting  was 
the  spectacle  of  the  two  veterans,  old  com- 
panions in  arms,  tottering  along  together, 
arm-in-arm,  each  fancying  he  was  the  prop 
of  the  otlier,  and  supporting  the  unsteady 
step.*  The  older  was,  however,  by  far 
the  younger,  notwithstanding  the  loss  of 
his  leg.  What  Lord  Anglesey  was  to  the 
last  in  appearance  will  dwell  in  the  recol- 
lection of  thousands.  He  seemed  to  have 
left  age  behind  him,  and,  for  a  quarter  of 
a  century  after  he  had  turned  three-score, 

*  The  same  spectacle  was  witnessed 
during  the  opening  of  the  Great  Exhibition 
of  1851  ;  and  the  Duke  and  Marquess 
were  constant  companions  in  the  House 
of  Peers. — Edit, 


there  was  the  same  upright  buoyant  car- 
riage and  youthfully  cheerful  mien.  Yet 
his  sufferings  from  a  nervous  disease  were 
of  the  most  cruel  nature,  but  they  neTer 
affected  either  his  system  or  his  spirits. 
His  activity  with  his  single  leg  was  some- 
thing marvellous,  and,  apropos  of  that,  we 
must  mention  a  fact  illustrative  of  his 
character. 

'*  After  the  battle  of  Waterloo  a  pension 
of  1,200/.  a-year  was  voted  to  him  for  the 
loss  of  his  leg,  but  he  would  not  accept 
the  grant.  He  did  not  like  the  idea  of 
turning  blood  to  gold.  It  is  easy  to  cal- 
culate the  large  sum  which  this  self-denial 
saved  to  the  nation. 

**  All  through  life,  and  to  his  last  breath, 
duty  was  with  him,  as  with  his  great  com- 
rade in  arms  the  Duke,  the  ruling  senti- 
ment ;  indeed,  in  Lord  Anglesey's  dying 
hours,  when  his  mind  wandered  occasion- 
ally for  a  few  instants,  the  inquiry  was, 
what  brigade  was  on  duty,  and  upon  the 
answer  that  it  was  not  his  own,  he  seemed 
relieved  that  he  was  not  neglecting  his 
turn  of  duty. 

"  His  death  was  serene,  more  than  re- 
signed, cheerfuL  He  was  surrounded  by 
numerous  loving  relatives,  and  cheered 
them  with  pleasant  words  almost  with  his 
dying  breath ;  and  so  parted  this  brave  and 
honest  spirit." — Examiner, 

By  his  first  wife,  already  named,  the 
Marquess  of  Anglesey  had  issue  two  sons 
and  six  daughters :  1.  Lady  Caroline, 
married  in  1B17  to  the  present  Duke  of 
Richmond  and  Lennox,  and  has  issue;  2. 
Henry,  now  Marquess  of  Anglesey;  3. 
Lady  Jane,  married  in  1834  to  the  present 
Marquess  of  Conyngham,  and  has  issue ; 
4.  Lady  Georgiana,  married  in  1833  to 
Edward  Lord  Crofton,  and  has  issue ;  5. 
Lady  Augusta,  married  in  1820  to  Arthor 
first  Lord  Templemore,  who  died  in  1837, 
'leaving  issue;  6.  Lord  William  Paget, 
Capt.  R.N.  who  married  in  1837  Panny 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut- Gen.  Sir  Francis 
de  Rothenburgh,  and  has  issae  a  son  ;  7. 
Lady  Agnes,  married  in  1829  to  the  Right 
Hon.  George  Stevens  Byng,  eldest  son  of 
Lord  Strafford,  aad  died  in  1845,  leaving 
issue  ;  and  8.  Lord  Arthur  Paget,  who  died 
in  1825,  in  his  2l8t  year. 

By  his  second  wife,  who  died  on  the 
8th  July,  1853,  the  Marquess  had  fur- 
ther issue  six  sons  and  four  daughters : 
9.  Lady  Emily-Caroline,  married  in  1832 
to  Lord  Viscount  Sydney  ;  10.  Lord  Cla- 
rence Edward  Paget,  Captain  R.N.  who 
married  in  1852  Martha- Stuart,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  Adm.  Sir  Robert 
Waller  Otway,  Bart.  G.C.B.  and  has  issne 
a  son ;  11.  Lady  Mary,  married  in  1838  to 
the  Earl  of  Sandwich,  and  has  issue;  12. 
Lord  Alfred,  who  died  an  infant;  13.  Lord 


644 


Obituary.—  7%*  Earl  of  Lichfield. 


[June, 


Alfred  Henry  Paget,  Major  in  the  army, 
andM.P.  for  Lichfield,  who  married  in 
184 7  Cecilia,  second  daughter  of  the  late 
George  Thomas  Wyndham,  esq.  of  Cromer 
hall,  Norfolk,  and  has  scfcral  children ; 
14.  Lord  George  -  Augustus  -  Frederick 
Paget,  Captain  in  the  Grenadier  guards, 
and  M.P.  for  Beaumaris;  15.  Lady  Ade- 
laide (the  youngest  surviving  child),  mar- 
ried in  1851  to  the  Hon.  Frederick  A^'iUiam 
Cadogan,  youngest  son  of  Earl  Cadogan, 
and  has  issue  a  daughter ;  16.  Lord  Albert- 
Augustus- William ;  17.  Lord  Albert-Ar- 
thur; and  18.  Lady  Eleanor,  who  all  died 
infants. 

We  have  endeavoured  to  ascertain  the 
members  of  the  Marquess  of  Anglesey's 
grandchildren,  and  we  find  they  amount 
to  about  forty-five;  his  great-grandchil- 
dren to  ten  or  twelve. 

The  present  Marquess,  who  was  born 
in  1797,  has  been  a  Privy  Councillor  since 
1839  (when  he  was  appointed  Lord  Cham- 
berlain), and  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Peers  since  1832,  when  he  was  summoned  to 
Parliament  in  his  father's  barony  of  Paget, 
to  assist  in  the  enactment  of  Parliamentary 
Reform.  He  married  first  in  1819  Eleanor, 
second  daughter  of  the  late  Colonel  John 
and  Lady  Charlotte  Campbell ;  and,  se- 
condly, in  1833,  Henrietta-Maria,  fourth 
daughter  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Charles 


Bigot,  G.C.B.  and  has  inue  by  bo& 
ladies.  HU  eldest  ion,  Henrj-WffliaB. 
George,  now  Earl  of  Uxbridge,  was  boim 
in  1821,  and  married  in  1845  Sophia, 
second  daughter  of  the  lata  Jaaies  Even- 
field,  esq.  of  Denne  Fkrk.  Suaaex,  by  whiM 
we  believe  he  has  no  issue. 

The  body  of  the  late  Marquess  was  de- 
posited in  the  family  Tault  in  LichAsId 
cathedral,  as  was  that  of  his  late  Mar- 
chioness. It  was  attended  from  Uabridge 
House,  on  Friday  the  5tb  Bf  aj«  by  aa 
escort  of  the  Horse-Goarda  BlnOt  by  foar 
mourning  coaches  containing  rdativcs,  snd 
by  the  carriages  of— her  Majesty  (witk  aiz 
horses  and  ten  servanta),  H.R.H.  Priaee 
Albert,  their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Doehesi 
of  Kent  and  Duchess  of  Glouoester,  the 
French  Ambassador,  and  about  sixty  odMRS 
of  the  principal  nobility  and  gentiy,  wlw 
went  in  procession  to  the  Enatoa-sqaara 
Station  of  the  Midland  Railway,  by  wUeh 
the  funeral  cortege  was  conveyed  by  speeisi 
train  to  Lichfield ,  where  the  assenbly- 
room  of  the  George  Hotel  had  beea  pia- 
pared  for  the  ceremony  of  lying  in  stale. 

The  next  day,  the  atreeU  of  T^jrhfity 
were  lined  by  about  1,300  of  the  miJilfa, 
and  the  Anglesey  troop  of  Yeomanry  C^ 
valry  came  flnom  Burton  to  take  a  place  ia 
the  procession,  which  at  twelve  moved  DtNi 
the  George  Hotel  in  the  following  order:— 


The  Anglesey  troop  of  Yeomanry  Cavalry,  on  foot. 

The  Town  Crier  of  Lichfield. 

The  Macebearers  of  the  Corporation,  bearing  the  Maces,  covered  with  crape. 

The  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  members  of  the  Town  Council. 

Magistrates  of  the  City. 
The  Band  of  the  First  Regiment  of  the  King's  Own  Staffordshire  Militia. 

State  Plumes  of  Feathers. 
The  Coronet  and  Baton  of  the  deceased,  on  a  velvet  cushion,  borne  by  a  man  on  hnncbadr, 

THE  HEARSE, 
with  state  plumes  and  escocheons  of  armorial  bearings. 
Colonel  the  Hon.  P.  W.  Talbot. 
Mourning  Coaches :— Containing,  1.  The  Earl  of  Uxbridge,  Lord  Paget,  Lord  Alfred 
Paget,  Lord  George  Paget;  2.  The  Duke  of  Richmond,  Ix>rd  Crofton,  Lord  BnAdd, 
Lord  Sydney;  3.  Lord  Sandwich,  Hon.  Frederick  Cadogan,  Lord  Cadogan*  Lord 
March;  4.  Lord  Templemore,  Lord  Maidstone,  Hon.  Henry  Paget,  Hon.  Alexander 
Paget;   5.  Hon.  Mr.  Byng,  Hon.  Mr.  Crofton,  Lord  Hinchinbrooke,  Mr.  Aagastos 
Paget ;  G.  Hon.  and  Rev.  Francis  Paget,  Hon.  Henry  Graves,  Rev.  Edward  ^^el^ 
Colonel  Paget;    7.  Lord  Adolpbus  Fitzclarence,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Gerald  WeUmley, 
Lord  Robert  Grosvenor,  Colonel  Bagot;  8.  Sir  William  de  Tayll,  Sir  Frederick  Stovio, 
General  Robbins,  Colonel  Keane ;  9.  Lord  Hatherton,  Dr.  Qnin,  Mr.  Cameron. 
Private  carriages^The  officers  of  the  Second  Regiment  of  Staffordshire  MiUtiiu 


TiiK  Eaul  of  LiciiriELD. 
March  18.  At  his  residence  in  Stan- 
hope-street, May  Fair,  in  his  59th  year, 
the  Right  Hon.  Thomas  William  Anson, 
Eari  of  Lichfield  (1831),  second  Viscount 
Anson  of  Sbugborough  and  Orgrave,  co. 
Stafford,  and  Baron  Soberton  of  Soberton, 
ro.  Southampton  (180G),  a  Privy  Coun- 
rillnr,  Lieut.-Colonel  of  tbc  Queen's  Own 


Regiment  of  Staffordshire  Yeomanry,  aad 
D.C.L. 

The  Earl  of  Lichfield  was  horn  at  Shag* 
borough  on  the  20th  Oct  1795,  and  wm 
the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  first  Viseoeat 
Anson,  by  Lady  Anne  Margaret  Coke, 
third  daughter  of  Thomas- William  first 
Earl  of  Leicester. 

He  surcceded  his  father  as 


^ 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Lord  Colhorne. 


645 


AnsoQ  on  the  31st  July,  1818.  On  the 
24th  Nov.  1824  he  was  sworn  a  Privy 
Councillor  upon  the  occasion  of  his  being 
appointed  Master  of  his  Majesty's  Buck- 
hounds,  which  office  he  held  until  Dec. 
1834.  At  the  coronation  of  William  the 
Fourth  he  was  advanced  to  the  dignity  of 
Earl  of  Lichfield  by  patent  dated  the  8th 
September,  1831. 

From  May  1835  to  Sept.  1841,  his 
Lordship  occupied  the  office  of  Postmaster- 
general  ;  and  during  his  administration  of 
the  Post-office  the  system  of  a  uniform 
penny  postage  was  brought  into  operation. 

He  held  the  office  of  Postmaster-general 
without  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet.  One  of  the 
most  remarkable  incidents  in  his  political 
life  was  the  assemblage  at  his  house  in  St. 
James's-square,  duriug  the  administration 
of  Lord  Melbourne,  of  a  great  party 
gathering,  at  which  some  arrangements 
were  understood  to  be  made  with  Mr. 
O'Connell  and  other  Irish  members,  which 
were  subsequently  very  frequently  referred 
to  as  '*  The  Lichtield  House  Compact." 

In  1842  the  Earl  of  Lichfield  fell  into 
serious  pecuniary  difficulties.  His  mag- 
nificent mansion  in  St.  James's  Square  was 
dismantled,  and  its  contents  dispersed  by 
the  hammer  of  Mr.  George  Robins,  as  were 
those  also  of  his  country  seat  at  Shugbo- 
rough,  where  the  same  official  held  a  sale 
for  twelve  days.  An  account  of  the  prices 
produced  by  the  most  remarkable  pictures 
and  pieces  of  statuary  there  dispersed  will 
be  found  in  our  vol.  xviii.  p.  405.  His 
Lordship  had  previously  been  a  warm  sup- 
porter of  the  turf.  In  1836  his  horse  Elis 
won  the  great  St.  Lcger  stakes  at  Don- 
caster  ;  and  in  sporting  matters  be  was  the 
intimate  friend  and  confederate  of  the  late 
Lord  George  Beutinck. 

llie  Earl  of  Lichfield  married,  on  the 
11th  February,  1819,  Louisa- Catharine, 
youngest  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Phillips, 
esq.  of  Slebecli,  co.  Pembroke;  and  by 
that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he  had  issue 
four  sons  and  four  daughters,  who  are  all 
living.  Their  names  are  as  follows:  1. 
Lady  Louisa-MaryAnne,  married  in  1838 
to  Edward  King  Tcnison,  esq.  of  Kilronan 
Castle,  CO.  Roscommon,  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Tenison,  esq.  and  Lady  Frances 
King,  daughter  of  Edward  first  Earl  of 
Kingston:  Lady  Louisa  is  the  author  of 
a  handoome  book  of  Travels  in  Spain  re- 
cently published;  2.  Lady  Anna- Frederica, 
married  in  1H43  to  Francis  Lord  Elcho,  a 
Lord  of  the  Treasury,  and  M.P.  for  Had- 
dingtonshire, eldest  son  of  the  Earl  of 
\Vemyss  and  March,  and  has  a  numerous 
family  ;  3.  Thorn  as- George,  now  Earl  of 
Lichfield;  4.  Lady  Harriet- Frances-Moria, 
married  in  18ol  to  the  Hon.  Augustus- 
n.nrv  Vernon,  cldrsf  son  of  Lord  Vernon, 


and  has  issue  two  daughters ;  5.  the  Hon. 
William-Victor- Leopold-Horatio,  Lieut. 
R.N.,  godson  to  H.R.H.  the  Duchess  of 
Kent ;  G.  the  Hon.  Augustus-Henry-Ar- 
chibald, Ensign  in  the  44th  Foot;  7.  Lady 
Gwendolena-Isabella- Anna-Maria;  and,  8. 
the  Hon.  Adalbert- John- Robert,  bom  in 
1840. 

The  present  Earl  was  born  in  1825,  and 
is  unmarried.  He  has  sat  in  the  present 
Parliament  for  Lichfield. 


Lord  Colborne. 

May  3,  In  Hill  Street,  Berkeley  Square, 
aged  75,  the  Right  Honorable  Nicholas 
William  Ridley  Colborne,  Lord  Colborne. 

This  lamented  nobleman  was  the  second 
son  of  Sir  Matthew  White  Ridley,  of  Blag- 
don,  in  the  county  of  Northumberland, 
Bart,  by  Sarah,  daughter  and  sole  heir  of 
Benjamin  Colborne,  esq.  in  accordance 
with  whose  will,  proTed  in  1793,  Lord 
Colborne,  then  Mr.  Ridley,  assumed,  June 
21,  1803,  in  addition  to  that  of  Ridley,  the 
name  and  arms  of  Colborne.  He  was  born 
April  14, 1779)  in  the  parish  of  St.  Mary- 
lebone,  and  was  educated  at  Westminster, 
and  at  Oxford,  at  which  university  he  was 
a  member  of  Christ  Church  college,  and 
where  he  graduated  B.A.  June  19,  1800. 
On  Dec.  12, 1795,  he  was  entered  of  Gray's 
Inn,  but  withdrew  from  that  Society  April 
26,  1809,  without  being  called  to  the  Bar. 
He  first  took  his  seat  in  parliament  in  1804 
for  the  borough  of  Appleby,  and  from  that 
time,  with  a  short  interval,  until  the  year 
1837,  was  a  Member  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, representing  in  different  parlia- 
ments, Malmesbury,  Blechingley,  Thet- 
ford,  Horsham,  and  Wells.  Daring  the 
whole  period  of  his  political  career  he  was 
closely  united  to  the  Whig  party,  and  g&ie 
a  zealous  and  undeviating  support  to  all 
the  chief  liberal  measures  that  were  brought 
forward.  In  1839,  during  the  adminis- 
tration of  Lord  Melbourne,  he  was  raised 
to  the  peerage  by  the  title  of  Baron  Col- 
borne, of  West  Harluig,  in  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  and,  it  may  be  almost  superfluous 
to  add,  continued  his  adhesion  to  the 
liberal  party  until  the  day  of  his  decease. 
But,  as  regards  Lord  Colborne's  public 
position,  he  was  better  known  to  the  world 
as  a  warm  and  active  promoter  and  en- 
courager  of  art,  and  more  particularly  that 
of  painting;  and  he  has  nobly  carried  out 
this  object  by  bequeathing  to  the  nation, 
for  its  gallery,  of  which  he  was  a  trustee, 
eight  of  his  very  valuable  pictures. 

Lord  Colborne  was  a  director  of  the 
British  Institution,  and  one  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Fine  Arts  Commission,  still 
sitting  under  the  able  presidency  of  Prince 
Albert.  He  was,  like  many  others,  a  con- 
tributor to  numerous  charitable  institu- 


646 


Obituary.— Zorrf  Cockbui*n, 


[JuiWi 


tions;  but,  better  tban  this,  his  assistance, 
ia  any  case  of  private  charity  that  merited 
support,  was  never  asked  in  vain. 

It  is,  however,  in  viewing  the  late  re- 
spected peer  in  all  those  relations  of  do- 
mestic life  which  constitute  the  charm  of 
our  English  homes  that  the  still  more 
pleasing  part  of  this  brief  biographical 
task  remains.  He  was  open-hearted,  social, 
and  of  a  nature  singularly  kind  and  con- 
ciliatory. His  manner  was  peculiarly 
engaging.  There  was  a  cordiality  in  his 
greetings  that  was  the  index  of  his  friend- 
ship and  of  his  hospitality,  and  the  benig- 
nity of  his  parting  words  made  you  long 
to  meet  him  again.  There  was  a  playful- 
ness in  his  features,  a  blandness  in  his 
voice,  and  a  sparkling  of  the  eye  that  be- 
tokened the  benevolence  of  his  heart.  It 
was  the  sunshine  of  a  happy  and  con- 
tented mind  desirous  to  makt>.  others  par- 
takers of  its  brightness.  In  lus  own  wide- 
spreading  circle  of  kindred  and  friends  ho 
was  the  central  point  towards  which  tlieir 
affections  converged,  and,  in  return,  his 
own  love  and  regard  were  radiated  around 
upon  those  who  are  yet  left  to  mourn  him. 
Many,  in  all  grades,  will  be  the  tongues 
that  will  speak  in  praise,  and  many  the 
hearts  tliat  will  deplore  the  loss  of  a 
friendly  neighbour,  a  generous  benefactor, 
and  a  sound,  a  just,  and  a  kind  adviser; 
and  on  this  latter  point  we  write  with  a 
full  knowledge  of  facts  when  we  say  that, 
on  looking  round  for  an  arbitrator,  no 
better  could  be  found  than  Lord  Colborne, 
and  many  were  the  differences  that  he 
satisfactorily  adjudicated.  In  a  word,  ho 
was  one  of  those  most  valuable  members  of 
society — a  highly  cultivated  P2nglish  coun- 
try gentleman,  enjoying  the  world's  goods, 
with  gratitude  to  the  Giver  of  all  good, 
but  enjoying  them,  at  the  same  time,  for 
the  welfare  and  enjoyment  of  others. 

Lord  Colborne  was  married  at  St.  Mary- 
lebone  Church,  June  14,  1808,  to  Char- 
lotte,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Right  Ho- 
nourable Thomas  Steele,  by  Charlotte, 
eldest  daughter,  and  eventually  sole  heir, 
of  General  Sir  David  Lindsay,  of  Evelick, 
N.  B.,  BarL  By  her,  who  survives  him, 
he  had  issue  :  William-Nicholas,  who  died 
unmarried  in  1846,  being  then  M.P.  for 
Richmond ;  Henrietta-Susanna,  married  to 
Brampton  Gurdon,  of  Letton,  co.  Norfolk, 
esq.  and  has  issue;  Maria-Charlotte,  mar- 
ried to  Sir  George  Edmund  Nugent,  Bart, 
of  \Vesthorpe  House,  co.  Buuks,  and  has 
issue;  Emily- Frances,  married  to  John 
Moyer  Heathcote,  of  Connington  Castle,  co. 
Huntingdon,  esq.,  and  died  1819,  leaving 
issue;  and  Louisa- Harriett,  married  to 
Harvie  Morton  Farquhar,  esq.,  next  brother 
to  Sir  Walter  Farquhar,  Bart.,  and  has 


issue. 


The  interment  took  place  at  KeuaD 
Green  Cemetery  on  the  11th  iastant,  ia 
the  same  vault  where  the  remains  of  Ui 
only  son  had  previondj  been  placed. 

The  title,  it  will  be  seen,  is  extinct 

Loan  CocKBUur. 

April  26.  AtEdiDbnzKb,aged75,HflBry 
Thomas  Cockbam,  esq.  one  of  Uie  Ijanm 
of  the  Court  of  Session,  and  a  Lord  Coou 
missioner  of  Josticisry. 

He  was  the  son  of  Archibald  Cockbiin« 
esq.  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  ^^rwftlsadg 
by  a  daughter  of  Cspt.  David  Rennia  of 
Melville  Castle,  and  sister  to  Elisabeth 
first  Viscountess  Melville. 

He  was  called  to  the  Scotiah  bar  ia 
1800 ;  andvras  appointed  SoUcitor-Geaaal 
for  Scotland  in  Nov.  1830,  at  the  ssiM 
time  that  the  late  Lord  Jeffrey  waa  malt 
Attorney.  In  1834  he  was  placed  on  tfci 
bench  as  one  of  the  permanent  Lords 
ordinary  of  the  Court  of  Session  ;  and  ia 
1837  he  received  the  additional  appoint- 
ment of  a  Lord  Commissioner  m  Justi- 
ciary. 

*'  The  last,  or  nearly  the  laat,  snnrifar 
of  that  brilliant  groap  of  Whig  barrislen 
who  so  signally  adorned  the  legal  pi^ 
fession  and  the  political  history  of  Scoi- 
land— the  sharer  of  the  friendshipt  ths 
principles,  and  the  labours  of  uonMt 
Jeflrey,  Moncreiff,  Murray,  and  N- 
Icrton — ho  was,  from  early  yoath,  in  spilt 
of  family  connections  and  opposinf  in- 
fluences, the  ardent,  unflinchingt  fit 
temperate  and  judicious  friend  of  civil  sad 
religious  liberty,  and  of  those  liberal 
princi))lcs  of  which  he  lived  to  see  tbt 
triumph  and  hear  the  universal  recognition* 
In  the  earlier  period  of  the  straggle  none 
could  escape  hostility  ;  but  for  many  long 
years  he  bad  surrounded  himself  wn 
friends  of  all  parties,  and  of  him  it  nwy  be 
said,  as  of  Professor  Wilson,  that  efcij 
political  diflfercnce  had  long  been  forgotten 
in  generous  admiration  and  regard.  As  a 
pleader,  cspecislly  in  criminal  causes  or 
jury  trials,  we  shall  never  again  ace  the 
equal  of  Mr.  Cockburn.  Jeffrey  aloney 
and  that  only  on  some  oocamons*  ui- 
proached  him.  His  sagacity,  his  brerityp 
bis  marvellous  power  of  repression— ao 
homely,  yet  so  truly  and  tonchinglf 
eloquent,  his  mingled  pathos  and  hnmoari 
his  winning  Scotiah  manner,  his  masterly 
analysis  of  evidence,  and  the  intenae 
earnestness,  not  the  less  effectiTe  that  ft 
was  vitiibly  chastened  and  restrained,  with 
which  he  identified  himself  with  his  clienCy 
made  his  appeals  to  Scotish  juries  alwaya 
powerful,  and  frequently  resistless.  Aa  a 
judge,  he  was  distinguished  by  his  ahUM 
detection  of  falsehood  in  principle  or  in 
evidence,  by  breadth  snd  distinct!' 


1854.]     The  Knight  of  Glin.—Lu-Gen.  Sir  C.  W.  Thornton.       647 


of  view,  not  unfrequently  receiving  the 
confirmation  of  the  House  of  Lords  on 
appeal,  by  his  graceful  and  luminous 
exposition,  by  purity  and  impartiality  of 
character,  and  by  uniform  affability  and 
courtesy  of  demeanour.  As  a  citizen,  his 
name  is  associated  with  every  thing  which 
adorns  the  metropolis  of  Scotland  ;  for  in 
his  sound  sense,  good  taste,  and  universal 
popularity,  his  fellow-citizens  were  wont 
to  seek  and  find  a  safe  guide  in  civic  im- 
provement and  a  sure  guarantee  of  public 
favour.  Within  the  smaller  circle  of 
friends  and  relatives  on  whom  this  bereave- 
ment falls  so  heavily,  how  kind  he  was, 
how  genial,  and  how  charming  ;  and  how 
happy  he  made  all  who  knew  him,  as,  in 
the  lovely  home  which  it  was  his  pride 
and  pleasure  to  adorn,  he  gathered  his 
friends  round  his  hospitable  board,  and 
entertained  them  with  stores  of  anecdote 
and  flashes  of  wit,  we  need  not  say.  None 
who  have  visited  Bonaly  can  lose  the 
recollection  of  their  host."  —  Caledonian 
Mercury, 

Lord  Cockbum  wrote  the  Life  of  his 
friend  Lord  Jeffrey,  which  (with  a  se- 
lection of  Lord  Jeffrey's  correspondence) 
was  published  in  two  volumes  8vo.  1852. 
We  are  not  aware  that  he  published  any 
other  important  work.  His  love  of  art 
and  of  the  metropolis  of  Scotland  drew 
from  him  about  five  years  ago  a  charac- 
teristic pamphlet  on  ••  The  Best  Way  of 
Spoiling  the  Beauty  of  Edinburgh."  He 
was  also  the  writer  of  some  articles  in  the 
Edinburgh  Review. 

Lord  Cockbum  opened  the  Circuit 
Court  at  Ayr  on  the  1 8tli  of  April.  Being 
rather  indisposed,  he  was  relieved  by  Lord 
Ivory  of  the  arduous  duty  of  presiding  at 
a  trial  for  murder,  which  occupied  nearly 
two  days  ;  but  after  the  conviction  the 
sentence  of  death  was  pronounced  by  Lord 
Cockburn.  It  was  the  last  judicial  act 
which  he  performed,  and  none  who  heard 
him  will  ever  forget  it.  Brief,  gentle, 
simple,  solemn,  it  was  an  exquisite  speci- 
men of  the  pathetic  eloquence  in  which  he 
was  unrivalled.  Many  eyes  filled  with 
tears  as  the  touching  tones  of  that  match- 
less voice  fell  on  the  listening  ears  of  a 
crowded  audience — when  he  urged,  not 
harshly  but  kindly,  the  unhappy  man 
whom  he  addressed  to  use  aright  the  few 
fleeting  days  between  him  and  eternity, 
and  make  his  peace  with  God  through 
Jesus  Christ.  Ere  one  short  week  had 
passed,  the  judge,  who  pronounced  the 
sentence  and  urged  the  use  of  time's  swift- 
winged  hours,  had  anticipated  the  man 
whom  he  condemned,  and  was  summoned 
from  the  judgment-seat  on  earth  to  appear 
before  the  tribunal  of  Heaven. 

The  biography  of  Jeffrey  is  closed  by 


words  which  may  not  inaptly  be  applied  to 
him  who  wrote  them : — **  As  soon  as  it 
was  known  that  he  was  gone,  the  eminence 
of  his  talents,  the  great  objects  to  which 
they  had  been  devoted,  his  elevation  by 
gradual  triumph  over  many  prejudices  to 
the  highest  stations,  even  the  abundance 
of  his  virtues,  were  all  forgotten  in  the 
personal  love  of  the  man." 

Lord  Cockbum  has  left  a  large  family, 
and  is  survived  by  Mrs.  Cockbum,  sister 
of  Mrs.  Maitland,  now  the  widow  of  Lord 
Dundrennan,  and  of  Mrs.  FuUerton,  now 
the  widow  of  Lord  FuUerton,  the  three 
sisters  having  married  three  young  advo- 
cates, who  maintained  through  life  the 
closest  friendship,  and  all  died  Judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Scotland. 

The  Knight  op  Glin. 

April  25.  At  Glin  Castle,  near  Lime- 
rick, after  a  few  hours^  illness,  of  cholera, 
John  Fraunceis  Fitzgerald,  Klnight  of 
Glin,  Lieut.-Colonel  of  the  county  of 
Limerick  Militia,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant 
and  magistrate  of  the  same  county. 

He  was  bom  on  the  28th  June  1791 
the  son  and  heir  of  John  Fitzgerald, 
Knight  of  Glin,  by  Margaretta-Maria, 
daughter  of  John  Fraunceis  Gwynn,  esq. 
of  Combe  Florey,  co.  Somerset. 

He  was  a  member  of  Christ^s  college, 
Cambridge,  where  the  degree  of  M. A.  was 
conferred  upon  him  in  1812.  He  was 
also  admitted  to  the  same  degree  at  Trinity 
college,  Dublin.  He  served  the  office  of 
Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Limerick  in  1830. 

He  married  July  28,  1812,  Bridget, 
fifth  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Eyre, 
of  Westerham,  Kent ;  and  had  issue  two 
sons,  John-Fraunceis-Eyre,  and  Edmond- 
Urmeston-M'Leod ;  and  two  daughters, 
Geraldine-Anne,  and  Margaretta-Sophia. 
His  elder  son  married  in  1835,  Clara,  only 
daughter  of  Gerald  Blennerhasset,  esq. 
of  Riddlestown,  co.  Limerick,  and  has 
issue. 


Lt.-Gen.  Sir  C.  W.  Thornton,  K.C.H. 

April  6.  At  his  apartments  in  St. 
Jameses  Palace,  aged  90,  Lieut.-General  Sir 
Charles  Wade  Thornton,  Knt.  and  K.C.H. 
Lieut. -Governor  of  Hull. 

He  was  appointed  Second  Lieutenant 
in  the  Royal  Artillery  in  1779,  and  first 
Lieutenant  in  1782.  In  March  1793  be 
accompanied  the  Guards  to  Holland,  and 
was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Famars  ;  he 
also  served  dnring  the  siege  of  Valen- 
ciennes ;  and  at  the  taking  of  Lannoy  he  lost 
his  right  arm  by  a  cannon-shot.  In  Nov. 
1793  he  was  proitaoted  to  Captain.  He 
was  afterwards  Assistant-Barrack- Master- 
General  at  the  office  in  Spring  Gardens, 
London.      In    1816    be    was    appointed 


648     Rear-Adm,  GiffhriL — CoL  PowelL^-^lAetU.'CoL  Acion.     IJvmt, 

lutioQ  in  1853,  having  never  had  t 
competitor  for  his  teat.  He  voted  witk 
the  Conservative  puty. 

Colonel  Powell  was  twtee  nuurried :  fint, 
in  1810,  to  Lanra-Edwyna,  eldest  danghtcr 
of  James  Sackville  Tufton  Fhdp,  esq.  of 
Coston  House,  Leicestershire.  She  died 
in  1822,  leaving  two  aona,  WUUiia- 
Thomas  Rowland,  and  Comeltaa. 

The  Colonel  married  secondlj,  in  1841, 
Harriett>DeU,  widow  of  George  AiAtn^ 
esq.  of  Moreton  Hall,  Cheahire,  aad 
youngest  daughter  of  Heniy  Hattoo,  esq. 
of  Cherry  Wulingham,  co.  Lincoln. 

His  son  and  successor  vraa  bom  la 
1815,  and  married  in  1839  hia  coasia 
Rosa-Edwyna,  daughter  of  George  Chenyt 
esq.  of  Buckland,  co.  Hereford,  (bj 
Eleanora,  daughter  of  J.  S.  T.  Phelp,  ctf. 
above  named),  and  has  issue* 


LieuL-Govemor  of  Hull,  which  command 
he  held  until  his  death. 

He  became  Equerry  to  II.R.H.  the  Duke 
of  Cumberland  on  the  ?-lth  July  1813  ; 
and  he  was  also  honoured  with  the  friend- 
ship of  their  late  Majesties  George  the 
Fourth  and  William  the  Fourth.  He  was 
knighted  by  the  latter  in  1831,  and  nomi- 
nated a  Knight  Commander  of  the 
Hanoverian  Guelphic  Order  by  the 
King  of  Hanover  in  1837*  having  been  for 
many  years  before  a  koight  of  the  third 
class  of  the  same  order. 

He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieut.- 
Colonel  in  1811,  to  that  of  Colonel  1825, 
Major-General  1837,  and  Lieut.- General 
in  1846. 


Rrar-Admiral  Gifford. 

Sept  20,  1853.  At  Mont  Orgueil  cot- 
tage, Jersey,  Rear- Admiral  James  Gifford, 
on  the  retired  list  of  1840*. 

This  oflficer  entered  the  Navy  in  1786 
as  midshipman  on  board  the  Assistance, 
Capt.  Wm.  Bentinck,  bearing  the  broad 
pendnnt  of  Commodore  Sir  C.  Douglas  on 
the  Halifax  station.  He  served  suc- 
cessively in  the  Weasel,  Juno,  Colossus 
74,  Robust  74,  and  St.  George  98,  the 
flag-ship  during  the  occupation  of  Toulon. 

He  was  made  Lieutenant  Oct.  22, 1793, 
and  joined  the  Lutine  32,  and  also  served 
in  that  capacity  in  the  Pompce  74  and 
Prince  and  Prince  George  98's,  the  flag- 
ships of  Rear- Admiral  Sir  C.  Cotton. 
He  was  made  Commander  May  7,  1B02  ; 
and,  after  holding  for  a  few  months  the 
acting  command  of  the  Braave  frigate,  was 
appointed,  on  the  8th  May  1804,  to  the 
Speedy ;  on  the  IGth  May  1808  to  the 
Sarpen  ;  and  17th  Feb.  1812  to  the  Shel- 
drake ;  sloops  employed  on  the  Channel 
and  Baltic  stations. 

He  was  promoted  to  Post-Captain  Aug. 
12,  1812;  and  became  a  retired  Rear- 
Admiral  on  the  1st  Oct.  184G. 


Colonel  W.  E.  Powell. 

April  10.  In  Hyde  Park-terrace,  aged 
()G,  William  Edward  Powell,  Esq.  of 
Nanteos,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Cardigan- 
shire, Colonel  of  the  Militia  of  that  county, 
and  late  M.P.  for  the  same. 

He  was  born  on  the  IGth  Feb.  1788, 
the  elder  son  of  Thomas  Powell,  esq.  of 
Nanteos,  by  Elinor,  eldest  daughter  of 
Edward  Maurice  Corbet,  esq.  of  Ynys-y- 
niacngwyn — by  Hannah  his  wife,  daughter 
and  coheir  with  her  sister  Mary  wife  of 
Sir  John  Hill  of  Hawkstone,  Bart,  of  John 
Chambre,  esq.  of  Petton  in  Shropshire. 

He    was    returned    to    parliament  for 

Cardiganshire  in  May  1816  on  the  death 

of  Thomas  Johnes,  esq.  and  sat  in  eleven 

successive  parliaments    until  the   Disso- 

11 


Lieut.-Colonkl  W.  Acton. 

April  10.  At  WestestOD,  co.  Wickknr. 
William  Acton,  esq.  Lieut. -Colonel  of  flM 
Wicklow  Militia,  a  magistrate  and  Depitf 
Lieutenant,  and  late  M.P.  for  that  coaaty. 

This  gentleman  was  the  elder  son  if 
Thomas  Acton,  esq.  of  Weataston,  bf 
Sidney,  daughter  of  Joshua  Davii,  ciq. 
barrister  at  law,  of  Dublin.  He  aemd 
as  High  Sheriff  of  the  county  Wicklow  ■ 
1820.  At  the  general  election  of  1832  ki 
became  a  candidate  for  the  representatioa 
of  that  county  in  parliament,  but  «m 
unsuccessful,  the  two  Liberal  candidatoi 
being  returned— 

James  G rattan,  esq 717 

Colonel  Ralph  Howard  •     .     ,  710 

Major  William  Acton      .     ,     .  664 

Major  John  Humphreys      •     .  13S 

After  the  election  of  1835  had  been 
allowed  to  pass  unquestioned,  the  yev 
1837  witnessed  another  contest  between 
the  same  parties,  but  with  the  same  renlt 
as  before — 

James  Grattan,  esq 698 

Col.  Sir  Ralph  Howard  .    •     .  697 

Lieut-Col.  William  Acton  .     •  623 

Migor  John  Humphreys     •     •  .    6 

In  1841  Colonel  Acton  had  better  aao- 
cess,  and  was  placed  at  the  head  of  tha 

poll— 

Lieut.-Col.  William  Acton  .  .  660 
Sir  Ralph  Howard  .  .  •  .  599 
James  Grattan,  esq 561 

In  1847  he  was  again  returned,  together 
with  Lord  Viscount  Milton,  without  a  earn* 
test.  In  May  1 848  he  retired,  by  aooentn^ 
the  stewardship  of  the  Chiltem  Hundradt. 
He  had  voted  with  the  ConierTative  and 
Protectionist  party ;  and  his  eiectionacri^ 
expenses,  attended  by  petitiooi    to  tb« 


1854.]    Obituary.— i2.  Raddjiffey  Eiq^-^J.  D.  OOhwij  Etq.     649 


House  of  Commons,  are  said  to  ha^e  cost 
him  upwards  of  30,000/. 

Colonel  Acton  married  in  1817  Caroline 
daughter  of  Thomas  Walker,  esq.  Master 
in  Chancery  ;  by  whom  he  bad  issue  three 
sons,  Thomas,  William,  and  Charles ;  and 
one  daughter,  Jane. 


Robert  Radcltffb,  Esq. 

March  28.  At  Bath,  aged  80,  Robert 
Radclyffe,  esq.  of  Foxdenton-h^,  Lan- 
cashire. 

He  was  born  on  the  14th  Dec.  1773, 
and  was  the  only  son  of  Robert  Radclyffe, 
esq.  of  Foxdenton,  (descended  from  the 
RadcIyfTes  of  Ordshall,)  by  his  cousin 
Frances,  third  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Sidebottom,  M.A.  Rector  of 
Middleton.  He  succeeded  to  the  family 
estates  when  still  a  minor  on  the  death  of 
his  father  in  1783. 

In  1813  he  served  the  office  of  High 
Sheriff  of  Dorsetshire. 

He  married  in  1796  Mary,  fifth 
daughter  of  Thomas  Patten,  esq.  of  Bank, 
near  Warrington,  by  whom  he  had  issue 
three  sons  and  six  daughters.  The  former 
were,  1.  Robert,  who  married  in  1837 
Agnes,  second  daughter  of  the  late  Rct. 
Henry  Sill,  of  Burton,  Westmerland ;  S. 
Charles-James,  of  the  5th  Dragoon 
Guards,  who  married  ii^  1835  j/Gma- 
Maria,  only  child  of  the  late  R.  Lil- 
lington,  esq.  of  Stockley,  co.  Dorset ;  and 
3.  Frederick -William,  in  holy  orders. 

His  eldest  daughter,  Mary,  was  married 
in  1827  to  WillUm  HaUett,  esq.  of 
Philliols,  Dorsetshire;  son  of  William 
Hallett,  esq.  of  Candys,  Hants. 


of  Treliuick,  where  he  hasrinoe  raided. 
He  valued  his  station  as  a  oountry 
gentleman  not  merely  for  its  c^gnity,  but 
for  its  responsibilities.  His  lively  interest 
in  the  success  of  agriculture,  his  aMdduons 
attention  to  the  duties  of  the  magistracy, 
the  liberal  cast  of  his  politics,  and  his 
constant  readiness  for  any  active  service, 
marked  him  as  a  useful  and  rising  public 
man,  who  would  some  day  oome  to  the 
highest  honour  his  countrymen  could 
bestow  upon  him .  His  talents  were  rather 
solid  than  shining — not  so  much  the 
display  of  brilliant  ability  as  of  lofty 
principle.  His  character  lay  upon  the 
surftuie— his  frank  open  countenaiwie,  the 
cordiality  of  his  manner,  and  his  sunny 
temper,  were  the  dear  indications  of 
what  he  reaUy  was,  one  of  nature's  own 
nobility,  a  thoroughly  sincere,  warm- 
hearted, and  right-minded  man.  All 
Cornwall  mourns  over  his  tomb.  Not 
twelve  months  ago*  we  heard  him  say, 
Here  I  have  come  to  live,  and  here  I  hope 
to  die."— ITm/ Brttofi. 

Mr.  Gilbert  inherited  considerable 
estates  in  Sussex  from  the  will  of  his  nnele 
Charles  Gilbert  esq. 

He  married,  Oct.  7,  1851,  the  Hon. 
Anna-Dorothea,  elder  daughter  of  Ro- 
bert Lord  Carew,  K.P.  Lord  Lieutenant 
of  the  CO.  Wexford;  and  has  left  issue 
one  son. 

His  funeral  took  place  at  Feock  in 
Cornwall  on  Saturday  the  S9th  April. 


John  Davies  Gilbkbt,  Esq. 

April  16.  At  Prideaux  Place,  Cornwall, 
when  on  a  visit  to  his  brother-in-law 
Charles  Prideaux-Brune,  esq.  in  his  43rd 
year,  John  Davies  Gilbert,  esq.  of  Tre- 
lissick,  CO.  Cornwall,  and  of  Eastbourne, 
Sussex. 

This  gentleman  was  the  only  son  of 
Davies  Gilbert,  esq.  (formerly  Giddy), 
sometime  President  of  the  Royal  Society, 
by  Mary-Anne,  only  daughter  and  heiress 
of  Thomas  Gilbert,  esq.  of  Eastbourne. 
He  was  bom  in  the  house  of  his  grand- 
mother at  St.  Erth  in  Cornwall.  **  "niough 
a  Comishman  by  birth,  his  early  years 
were  principally  spent  at  Eastbourne,  but 
he  always  retained  a  passionate  attachment 
to  the  home  of  his  ancestors,  and  a 
thorough  devotion  to  Cornish  interests. 
From  his  youth  he  appears  to  iiave  looked 
forward  to  a  permanent  abode  in  this 
county  ;  and,  on  succeeding  to  his  patri- 
mony, he  purchased  the  beautiful  demesne 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLL 


Thomas  Pldmsa  Halsbt,  Eso. 

Jpril24.  Aged  38,  Thomas  Flnmer 
Halsey,  esq.  of  Great  Gaddesden>  Hert- 
fbrdshire,  one  of  the  Members  of  ParlU- 
ment  for  that  county. 

This  gentleman's  Either,  the  late  Joseph 
Thompson  Hslsey,  esa.  who  died  in  1818, 
assumed  the  name  of  Halsey  instead  of 
Whately  by  Act  of  FariiaoMnt  in  the  year 
1804,  on  occasion  of  his  marriage  with 
Sarah  the  only  daughter  of  Thomas 
Halsey,  esq.  formerly  M.P.  for  Hert- 
fordshire, and  sole  heiress  of  the  fiunily  of 
that  name,  which  has  been  seated  at  Great 
Gaddesden  firom  the  time  of  BUsabeth.  Mr. 
Whately  was  a  brother  of  the  present 
Archbishop  of  Dublin ;  and  the  son  of  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Whately,  D.D.  of  Nonesooh 
Park,  Surrey,  by  Jane  Pluroer,  skter  to 
William  Plumer,  esq.  of  Ware  Park,  for- 
merly also  M.P.  for  Hertfordshire.  Mrs. 
Halsey,  who  is  stiU  livinif,  married  se- 
condly, in  1821,  the  Rev.  John  Fits  Mooro, 
who,  on  his  marriage,  assumed  the  addi- 
tional name  of  Halsey. 

Mr.  Thomas  Flnmer  Halsey  wu  bom 
on  the  96th  Jan.  1815. 

He  was  first  elected  to  parliuMnt  for 

40 


650 


T.  Plumer  Halseyy  Esq, — Alderman  Thomp»tm.  [ JoiMb 

was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  poll,  vUeh 

terminated  thos,— • 


the  county  of  Hertford,  without  opposition, 
in  Jan.  1846,  on  the  yacancy  occasioned 
hy  the  succesBion  of  the  present  Earl  of 
Verulam  to  the  peerage  ;  and  had  been 
rechosen  in  1847  and  1852.  His  votes 
were  given  with  the  Conservative  and 
Protectionist  party. 

He  married,  in  Jan.  1839,  Frederica, 
daughter  of  Lieut.-Colonel  Frederick 
Johnston,  the  representative  of  Johnston 
of  Hilton  on  the  Merse,  co.  Berwick ;  by 
whom  he  had  issue,  Thomas-Frederick, 
born  in  1839,  and  now  at  Eton,  and  other 
children. 

Mr.  llalsey  was  one  of  those  whose 
lives  were  lost  in  the  Ercolano  steamer, 
in  consequence  of  her  collision  with  the 
Sicilia  off  Villa  Franca,  on  her  way  from 
Genoa  to  Marseilles.  His  fate  was  shared 
by  his  wife  and  an  infant  son,  Ethelbert- 
Arthur-Sackville,  with  tlieir  two  maids; 
Mrs.  Edw.  Lewis  Knight,  with  three  little 
children  and  two  waiting-women;  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Forbes  and  a  niece;  and  the  secre- 
tary and  two  servants  of  Sir  Robert  Peel 
— in  all  sixteen  English  passengers.  Seven 
other  Englishmen  were  saved,  of  whom  Sir 
Robert  Peel  was  narrowly  preserved  by 
swimming. 


William  TnoMPSON,  Esq.  M.P. 

March  10.  At  Bedwelty  House,  co. 
Monmouth,  aged  62,  William  Thompson, 
esq.  of  Underley  hall,  Westmerland,  and 
Penydorran  House,  co.  Glamorgan,  M.P. 
for  the  county  of  Westmerland,  senior 
Alderman  of  the  city  of  London,  President 
of  Christ's  Hospital,  Colonel  of  the  Royal 
London  Militia,  Vice-President  of  the 
Hon.  Artillery  Company,  a  Director  of  the 
Bank  of  England,  and  of  the  Cambrian, 
Gloucester,  and  London  Railway,  and  Trea- 
surer of  King^s  College,  London. 

Mr.  Alderman  Thompson  was  the  son 
of  Mr.  James  Thompson  of  Grayrigg  near 
Kendal  in  Westmerland,  where  his  family 
lias  been  located  for  some  generations. 
He  entered  into  business  in  London,  under 
the  protection  of  a  relation,  who  left  him 
a  large  fortune,  and  he  finally  became  one 
of  the  wealthiest  iron-masters  in  the  king- 
dom, his  works  being  principally  carried 
on  at  the  Pcnydarran  Works  near  Merthyr 
Tydvil. 

He  was  returned  to  parliament  in  1820 
for  the  Cornish  borough  of  Callington,  for 
which  he  sat  until  1B26.  In  1821  he  was 
elected  an  Alderman  of  London,  for  the 
ward  of  Cheap ;  lie  served  the  office  of 
Sheriff  in  1823,  and  that  of  Lord  Mayor 
in  1829.  During  his  mayoralty  he  was 
elected  President  of  Christ's  Hospital. 

In  1826  he  became  a  candidate  to  re- 
present the  city  in  parliament;  and  he 


Alderman  Thompton 
Alderman  Waitlunui 
William  Ward,  esq. 
Alderman  Wood*  • 
Alderman  VenaUes 
Alderman  Garrett 


6493 
5043 
4991 
4880 
4514 
330 


He  was  re-elected  for  the  citj  wltboei 
opposition  in  1830  and  1831 ,  on  the  fcr^ 
mer  occaaion  with  the  same  coUemim  ei 
before,  and  on  the  latter  with  Mr.  Alder- 
man Venables  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Ward. 

In  1832  he  first  canvassed  the  electoii 
of  the  borough  of  Sunderland,  not  merdy 
as  a  prominent  member  of  the  sMpfili 
interest  but  as  a  good  Reformer,  hnii| 
already  voted  for  Parliamentarj  ReAm 
and  for  the  abolition  of  the  Com  Lses. 
He  was,  however,  out-voted  1^  CspCsk 
Barrington,  a  Conservative,  as  well  as  bf 
two  other  candidates,  who  were  bttt 
Liberals,  the  poll  terminating  tbos,^ 

Sir  WilUam  Ghaytor    .  .  696 

Captain  Barrington      .  •  52& 

David  Barclay,  esq.      .  .  402 

WilUam  Thompson,  esq.  .  376 

Captain  Barrington's  aeat  beceiri^i 
vacant  the  year  after.  Alderman  Thoaf* 
son  was  then  more  successful,  polling  Sil 
votes  against  5A6,  which  were  given  to^ 
other  Liberal  candidate,  Mr.  Barclay. 

In  1835  his  politics  were  stiU  men 
popular,  and  he  was  placed  at  the  head  el 
the  poll,  being  returned  In  conjnMtiBa 
with  Mr.  Barclay  to  the  exclosion  of  8b 
W.  Chaytor.  The  polling  was — Tlionf- 
son  841,  BarcUiy  709,  Chaytor  389. 

In  1837  the  Alderman  waa  again  at  the 
head  of  the  |m>11,  in  conjunction  with  Mr. 
Andrew  White,  whoezclnded  Mr.  Barclay, 
the  votes  recorded  being — Thompson  680, 
White  628,  Barclay  591. 

In  18i1,  (Mr.  White  having  retirad,) 
Alderman  Thompson  was  returned  «a- 
opposed,  together  with  Mr.  Barclay :  M 
by  this  time  his  politics  had  so  far  chaageit 
that  no  one  was  surprised  when,  shorty 
after,  the  announcement  reached  the  eleo* 
tors  of  Sunderland  of  his  determinatUm  li 
close  his  connection  with  them,  and  ti 
transfer  his  political  services  to  the  couaiy 
of  Westmerland,  where  a  seat  had  ~ 
vacant  by  the  elevation  of  Lord 
to  the  peerage.  It  was  on  the  8th 
1841  that  he  accepted  the  stewardship 'of 
the  Chiltern  hundreds,  and  offered  hlnarif 
to  his  native  county  as  a  friend  of  Agri- 
cultural Protection.  Many  of  hia  fora» 
supporters  in  SanderUmd  regarded  ttk 
step  as  a  flagrant  act  of  political  tciglf^ 
sation,  and  the  landlord  of  the  Coi 
Hotely  who  had  placed  the  Thompaoa 


1854.]    •/.  K,  Hoopevy  Esq.-^R.  Dm  Beauffoir  Binyath  Etq.       661 


carved  in  stone  in  the  front  of  his  house, 
removed  them  in  a  fit  of  indignation.  The 
Alderman  retained  his  seat  for  Wcstmer- 
hind  until  his  death. 

He  was  for  some  years  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  at  Lloyd's,  hut  resigned  on 
the  subscribers  expressing  themselves  dis- 
satisfied with  his  having  joined  the  Sun- 
derland Shipowners'  Mutual  Assurance 
Association. 

He  profited  largely  by  his  iron-works, 
and  was  extensively,  we  cannot  say  how 
profitably,  connected  with  railways.  How- 
ever,  it  is  certain  that  he  lived  far  below  his 
income,  and  that  he  continually  made  large 
accessions  to  his  realized  property.  It 
was  only  in  January  lost  that  it  was  an- 
nounced that  he  had  purchased  for  98,000/. 
the  Barnacre  estate,  late  the  property  of 
tbe  Duke  of  Hamilton. 

Alderman  Thompson  married  in  1817 
Amelia,  second  daughter  of  Samuel  Horn- 
fray,  esq.  formerly  M.P.  for  Stafford,  and 
niece  to  Sir  Charles  Moi^n,  Bart,  of 
Tredegar.  He  has  left  that  lady  his  widow, 
and  uii  only  child,  Amelia,  married  in 
1842  to  Thomns  Earl  of  Bcctive,  son  and 
heir-apparent  of  the  Marquess  of  Head- 
fort,  who  has  issue. 

The  Earl  of  Bcctive  has  been  elected  to 
succeed  Ins  fnther-in-law  as  one  of  the 
members  for  Wextmerland. 

At  a  special  court  of  Aldermen  held  on 
the  I7lh  Maicb,  an  unanimous  resolution 
was  passed  "  expressing  their  deep  tense 
of  the  great  loss  they  have  sustained,  and 
of  the  excellent  maimer  in  which  their 
departed  brother  discharged  the  important 
duiies  entrusted  to  him,  including  those  of 
Chief  Magistrate  and  President  of  Christ^s 
llospitnl,  utid  Itis  honourable  and  manly 
conduct  on  all  occasions." 


John  Kinnkhsley  Hoopkr,  Esq. 

April  17.  At  St.  Leonard  Von- Sea, 
aged  G3,  John  Kinnersley  Hooper,  esq. 
Aldeiman  of  the  City  of  London  for  the 
ward  of  Queeubiche,  President  of  St.  Bar* 
tholomew's  Hospital,  and  Deputy  Chair- 
man of  tlie  Monarch  Life  Assurance  Office. 

lie  was  the  third  son  of  the  late  Richard . 
Hooper,  esq.  of  Queenhithe,  and  of  Limps- 
field,  Surrey,  and  carried  on  business  as  a 
wine  merchant. 

lie  was  elected  Alderman  of  Queen- 
hithe  ward  in  1840,  on  the  death  of  Alder- 
man Venablc!).  He  served  the  office  of 
Shcrifl'  in  1842,  and  was  elected  Lord 
Mayor  in  1847.  The  year  in  which  he 
filled  the  civic  chair  was  one  of  no  ordi- 
nary difficulty  and  responsibility.  During 
its  course  occurred  the  memorable  10th 
April  (1848),  when  the  safety,  not  only  of 
the  metropolis,  but  of  the  country  atlarge^ 


seemed  to  be  placed  in  jeopardj  by  the 
myrmidons  of  Mr.  Feargut  O'Connor. 
The  Lord  Mayor  evinced  on  thii  oocation 
much  sense  and  deciaion.  Later  in  tba 
same  year  he  received  the  French  National 
Guard  at  the  Mansion  House. 

In  his  ward  he  was  the  liberal  supporter 
of  all  the  local  charities^  and  there  were 
few  men,  either  in  public  or  private  lifef 
of  more  consistent  character,  or  moro 
generally  respected. 


Richard  Db  BsAuvoin  Bbnyom,  Eta. 

April  .  .  .  Aged  84,  Richard  Do 
Beauvoir  Benyon,  esq.  of  Englefield 
House,  CO.  Berks,  a  magistrate  and  D^nty 
Lieutenant  of  that  countvr 

The  grandfather  of  this  gentleman,  Ri- 
chard Benyon,  esq'.  Governor  of  Fort  St. 
George  in  the  East  Indies,  married  for  his 
third  Mfe  Mary,  danghter  of  Francis 
Tyssen,  esq.  of  Balmes  House,  Hackney, 
and  widow  of  Powlett  Wrighte,  esq.  a 
grandson  of  Lord  Keeper  Wrighte.  By 
this  marriage  he  had  an  onlv  son,  Richard 
Benyon,  esq.  who  married  Hannah,  eldest 
daughter  or  Sir  Edward  HuUe,  Bart,  of 
Breamoro  House,  Hants,  and  had  issue  an 
only  son,  the  gentleman  now  deceased. 

Mr.  Benyon  succeeded  his  father  in 
1796.  He  represented  Wallingford  during 
two  parliaments,  from  1806  to  1812.  In 
1814,  after  succeeding  to  the  estates  of  his 
half-uncle  Powlett  Wrighte,  esq.  (who  had 
died  in  1779,)  he  assumed  the  surnames 
of  Powlett  Wrighte ;  and  in  1822  after  the 
death  of  his  distant  relative  the  Rev.  Peter 
De  Beauvoir,  Rector  of  Davenham,  Essex, 
from  whom  he  inherited  very  large  pro- 
perty, both  in  estates  and  in  the  funds, 
he  assumed  that  gentleman's  name.  He 
was  High  Sheriff  of  Berkshire  in  1816. 

He  married  Sept.  27,  1797,  Elisabeth, 
only  daughter  of  Sir  Francis  Sykes,  Bart, 
of  Basildon  Park,  Berkshire,  by  the  Hon. 
Elizabeth  Monckton,  his  wife,  daughter  of 
William  second  Visconnt  Gahray.  That 
lady  died  without  issue  on  the  89th  Oct. 
1822.  Mr.  Benyon's  sisters  were  married' 
to  William  Henry  Fellowes,  of  Ramsey 
Abbey,  M.P.  for  Huntingdonshire,  and  to 
George  fourth  Lord  Viscount  Midleton. 
The  hitter  was  the  mother  of  the  present 
Viscount. 

When  the  Royal  Berkshire  Hospital 
was  founded  at  Reading,  Mr.  Beayon 
contributed  the  munificent  som  of  5000^, 
and  by  his  liberality  aided  materially  in  tiM 
formation  of  that  invaluable  charity.  A 
ward  in  the  hospital,  called  after  hin,  will 
lastingly  perpetnate  his  benevolence.  He 
was  contiderad  by  far  the  richest  oom- 
moner  in  Berkshire. 


652  F.HodgsonyEsq. — M.Gt^azehrook^Esq^-^, Dickey fStg*  [Jme^ 

Frederick  Hodoson,  Esq.  tion ;  and  also  of  fome  nHwrny  comptniM 

March  30.    At  his  residence  in  Paris,  and  other  institntions,  from  whom  he  n- 

in  his  59th  year,  Frederick  Hodgson,  esq.  ceiled  aeyeral  handsome  preaentaftknia  rf 

formerly  M.P.  for  Barnstaple.  plate.    He  was  twice  Invited  to  beoonea 

Mr.  Hodgson  was  a  brewer  and  mer-  candidate  for  a  seat  In  the  Hoose  of  Cob- 

chant  in  that  town ;  and  was  first  returned  mons,  on  the  old  Liberal  interest ;  Imt  he 

by  it  to  parliament  in  March  1824.    The  never  took  any  coospicnonspnrt  in  politieii 

Tacanoy  was  occasioned  by  Michael  Nolan  Mr.    Grazebrook    married     the    OBly 

esq.   the  former  member,  accepting  the  daughter  of  John  Phillips,  esq.,  meidiaBi, 

oflSce  of  a  Welsh  judge  t  he  was  a  candi-  Birmingham  ;  by  whom  he  has  left  tee 

date  for  re-election,  but  being  opposed ,  not  sons  and  a  daughter, 

only  by  Mr.  Hodgson,  but  by  Mr.  Atkins,  His  funeral  took  place  at  Old  Swiofoid 

Alderman  of  London,  the    former    was  on   the  29th  of  April.      Tlie  moanoi 

elected  by  181  votes,  Mr.  Nolan  polling  were: — Michael  Phillips Graxebrook,«iqn 

153  and  Mr.  Atkins  115.     In  1B26  there  John  P.  Grazebrook,  esq.,  John  Morgaa, 

was  another    contest,  which  terminated  esq.,  William  Graxebrook,   esq.,   Hesiy 

thus —  Grazebrook,  esq.,  George  Graxebrook,  ta^ 

Fred.  Hodgson,  esq 401  gharles  G"«ebrook,  esq.     M  bearni: 

H.  Alexander,  esq.    .    ...    377  ^ ward  Adde^rooke,  ejq..  John  Add* 

Michael  Nolan,  esq 126  brooke,  esq.,  W.  O.  Foster,  esq.   G.  Mae- 

^  kenzie  Kettle,  esq..    Captain   Hickaia, 

In  1830  Mr.  Hodgson  did  not  go  to  the  William  Trow,  esq..  Dr.  Freeth,  and  Db 

poll ;    but  in   1831    he  was  again  sue-  Gartwright.    Eight  old  senranta  bote  tk 

cessfiil—  coffin  of  their  late  master  to  the  grave. 

Fred.  Hodgson,  esq 245  — 

J.  P.  13.  Chichester,  esq.     .     .    218  John  Dickbt,  Esq. 

G.  Tudor,  exq 184  JfarcA  31.  At  Antrim,  in  his  88tbjar, 

S.  L.  Stevens,  esq. 1 75  John  Dickey,  esq.  of  Cnllybackie. 

Again,  in  1832  and  1835,  Mr.  Hodgson  ,„J^«J"  ^n^J^Fa7'^^^l  «J  5|S»^ 

u  4.  •     J  r  ^      .,           .   '        , .  ,   ?,  and  name  now  for  npwarcls  of  200  teait 

abstained  from  the  conte.te  which  then  connected  by  proper^  and  K«dn«\S 

J.»°K  P'fSS J"  ">•  ''°""8^  °i  Bonistaple ;  j^^  conntiei  of  JMtim  aad   DerTrV  Ha 

but  in  183 ,  he  wa,  re-elected-  ^„„  Immediate  anccton  wer«^  Ai 

J.  P.  B.  Chichester,  esq.  .   .    .    387  west  of  Scotland,  and  one  of  tben,  Jote 

Fred.  Hodgson,  esq 356  DickieorDicke,  settled  early  on  tiieUlilv 

Hon.  W.  S.  Best  ......    348  plantation,  from  which  he   had  to  flee  ts 

Aeain    in    1841      after    a    verr  close  Scotland  for  a  time  from   his  cooM  ' 

struede-  ^^'^  ^««'"-    ^^»«'    Cruiksbank, 

°*^  others,  through  the  artifices  of  tibe 

Fred.  Hodgson,  esq 360  brated  Colonel  Blood,  the  conspirator.  Ht 

Montague  Gore,  esq 349  was  present  in  Colonel  Phillips's  eon- 
John  Wm.  Fortescue,  esq.  .  .  346  tingent,  the  first  that  arrived  to  gaiTMB 
Sir  J.  P.  j3.  Chichester     ...    343  the  city  of  Derry  during  its   memonbll 

In  1847  Mr.  Hodgson  was  defeated—  siege  in  1688,  was  after  driven  nnder  the 

■D'  y      in        •!                            At*  J  walls,  and  had  his  honae  at  BaUvmaUr. 

Richard  Bremndge,  esq.  .    .    .    404  „ear  Uie  Roewater,  burned  by  the  innyiJ 

Fred.  Hodgson,  esq 3d(>  f^^.,^  j^  ^^^^^  .^  ^^^  Msgaaine  of  Apcfl 

His  votes  were  given  with  the  Con-  1851,  p.  377.     His  descendants  armed 

servative  and  Protectionist  party.  themselves  as  Volunteen  in    1715,   ^ 

For  the  last  tliree  years  he  had  been  again  in  1745,  and  offered  their  scrvicM 

resident  in  Paris.  to  resist  the  Pretenders.    John  of  Cnily- 

backie,  the  grandfather  of  the  deceased 

MicuAEL  Grazebrook,  Esu.  and  grandson  of  the  preceding,  with  hii 

April  24.     At  Audnam,  Staffordshire,  sons,  raised  a  party  and  marched  to  Gw- 

aged  65,  Michael  Grazebrook,  esq.  a  De-  rickfergus  to  oppose  Mons.    ThnroC  la 

puty  Lieutenant  of  Worcestershire,  and  a  1 760,  and  the  history  of   the 

magistrate  for  the  counties  of  Stafford,  Volunteers  of  1780  contains  their" 

Worcester,  and  Salop.  as  officers  commanding  corps  of  their 

Mr.  Grazebrook  traced  his  descent  from  raising.     In  the  dark  page  of  17M 

an  ancient  Staffordshire  family  seated  at  names  are  written,  and  the  doceaaei 

Greysbrook  hall,  in  the  parish  of  Sben-  imprisoned,  with  other  sospected 

stone.    He  was  the  chairman  of  the  Iron-  gentry,  in  the  old  coart-honae  of  ColcralM^ 

masters  of  South  Staffordshire,  from  the  where  they  were  treated  with  «fery 

period  of  the  institution  of  their  associa-  dignity  and  privatioa  dnriBg    "   ' 


1854.]       Colonel  E.  L.  God/re^,— Rev.  R.  Wardlaw,  D.D.  653 


mentous  period.  Like  his  predecessors  he 
was  a  Scots  Presbyterian,  and  officiated 
as  an  elder  in  the  church  at  CuUybackie. 
From  the  younger  sons  of  this  family  de- 
rive several  respectable  families,  besides  a 
large  connexion  too  extensive  to  be  enume- 
rated in  Ireland,  Scotland,  India,  and  New 
York,  lie  died  sincerely  respected  by  all 
his  acquaintance ;  and  leaves  by  his  wife. 
Rose,  daughter  and  heiress  of  the  late 
William  McNaghten,  esq.  of  Ballyreagh, 
Oldstone,  co.  Antrim,  and  his  wife  Do- 
rothy Major,  two  sons,  the  elder  Adam, 
the  younger  William  McNaghten  Dickey, 
who  are  both  married  and  have  issue,  be- 
sides three  daughters,  and  several  grand- 
children. 


Colonel  E.  L.  Godfrey. 

Jan.  9.  At  Port  Louis,  Mauritius,  aged 
65,  Colonel  Edward  Lee  Godfrey,  Post- 
master-General of  the  colony. 

This  veteran  officer  was  son  of  the  late 
Dr.  Edward  Godfrey  of  Great  Alic-strcet, 
Goodman's  Fields.  At  the  age  of  17  he 
entered  the  20th  Regiment,  with  which  he 
served  from  the  expedition  to  Walcheren 
down  to  the  close  of  the  Peninsular  cam- 
paign, and  distinguished  himself  in  several 
hard-fought  actions,  especially  at  the 
battle  of  Orthes,  where  he  was  wounded. 
He  afterwards  entered  the  73rd,  and,  after 
several  years  additional  service  in  that 
corps,  retired  as  Captain. 

Being  in  Paris  towards  the  close  of 
1832,  Slarshal  Solignac,  who  had  been 
appointed  to  command  the  liberating  army 
at  Oporto,  offered  him  an  appointment  on 
his  staff,  which  he  accej^ted.  In  the  sharp 
fight  wliicli  took  jilace  at  Pastileiro,  on 
the  ISth  Jan.  IH.'i'J,  Major  Godfrey  dis- 
tinguishrd  himself  much,  and  was  severely 
wouniK'd.  On  his  recovery  he  was  ap- 
pointed Major  of  the  Fuzileiros  Escoseses, 
and  he  was  \\\\\\  that  Regiment  when  the 
M!L,'uclite  army  was  first  decisively  re- 
pulsed on  the  -5th  July,  and  in  all  the 
succfSi^ivc  engagements  which  took  place 
up  to  the  17th  August,  when  Marshal 
liourniont  was  finally  driven  from  the 
lines  of  Oporto.  On  the  27th  Sept.  he 
embarked  with  the  expedition  under 
Colonel  Shaw,  and  was  at  the  taking  of 
Oubidos  and  the  subsequent  pursuit  of 
the  enemy  t3  Santarem.  In  May  Ib31 
he  was  appointed  Lieut.- Colonel  in  com- 
mand of  the  Irish  Regiment,  and  took  an 
active  ])art  in  different  skirmishes  and 
fights  until  Don  Miguel  was  driven  from 
Portugal.  In  Sept,  1835,  he  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  Bth  Regiment  of 
the  Scotch  Brigade,  in  the  British  Auxi- 
liary Legion,  then  serving  in  Spain  ander 
General  Sir  De  Lacv  Evans,  la  the  abani 
fight  of  the  5th  May,   1836,   1 


Carlist  lines  in  front  of  St,  Sebastian  were 
attacked,  he  gallantly  rushed  at  the  head 
of  his  Regiment  into  the  Carlist  battery 
at  Lugares.  He  took  an  active  part  in  all 
the  other  fights  and  skirmishes  of  the 
Legion,  and  finally  retired  from  it  with 
several  decorations  and  the  rank  of 
Brigadier-  General. 

He  was  afterwards  appointed  one  of 
Her  Majesty^s  Commissioners  for  the 
settlement  of  disputed  land  claims  in  New 
Zealand  ;  and  the  combined  integrity, 
discretion,  and  promptitude  with  which  he 
discharged  that  arduous  duty,  obtained  for 
him  the  fullest  approbation  of  bis 
superiors. 

After  suffering  severely  for  a  few  years 
from  an  affection  of  the  knee-joint,  which 
incapacitated  him  from  again  offering  him- 
self for  military  service,  he  regained  such 
a  measure  of  health  as  enabled  him  to 
accept  of  the  civil  appointment  of  Post- 
master in  the  Mauritius,  offered  him  by 
the  Duke  of  Newcastle.  In  addition  to 
three  foreign  orders  of  military  merit, 
Colonel  Godfrey  received  a  war  medal 
with  five  clasps  for  his  services  in  the 
Peninsular. 


Rev.  Ralph  Wardlaw,  D,D. 

Dec.  17.  At  Glasgow,  within  a  few  days 
of  completing  his  74tii  year,  the  Rev. 
Ralph  Wardlaw,  D.D.  Pastor  of  the  Con- 
gregntional  Church  in  West  George  Street, 
and  one  of  the  Professors  of  the  Congre- 
gational College  for  the  Education  of 
Ministers. 

Dr.  Wardlaw  was  bom  at  Dalkeith, 
near  Edinburgh.  During  his  infancy  his 
father  removed  to  Glasgow,  where  he 
became  one  of  the  most  honourable  of  its 
merchants  and  magistrates.  His  mother 
was  Anne,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  James 
Fisher,  granddaughter  of  the  Rev.  Ebene- 
zer  Erskine,  and  great-granddaughter  of 
Henry  Er!«kine,  who  was  one  of  those  who 
suffered  imprisonment  for  non-conformity 
to  the  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  sent  to 
the  High  School  of  Glasgow  before  he  was 
eight  years  of  age,  and  to  the  University 
before  he  was  quite  twelve.  At  a  very 
early  age  he  determined  to  devote  himself 
to  the  ministry  of  the  gospel,  and  his  theo- 
logical instructor  was  the  venerable  Dr. 
I^awson  of  Selkirk,  who  was  the  Professor 
in  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  United 
Secession  Church.  After  he  was  ready  to 
receive  licence  as  a  preacher,  he  found 
that  he  could  not  conscientiously  subscribe 
to  some  of  the  articles  in  the  Symbol  of 
that  church,  and,  after  examining  a  move- 
ment carried  on  by  the  Rev.  Greville  Ewing 
and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Innes,  in  favour  of  Con- 
ffregationalism,  he  joined  that  party,  and 
bec«me  a  member  of  Mr.  Ewing's  chorcb. 


654 


Obituary. — Rev,  Ralph  Wardlaw,  Z>jD« 


[JmM^ 


On  the  16th  Feb.  1803,  he  was  ordained 
Pastor  over  a  congregation  assembled  in 
North  Albion  Street,  then  consisting  of 
only  sixty-one  members.  It  subsequently 
increased  vei^  considerably,  and  in  1819 
he  erected  a  new  chapel  in  West  George 
Street,  which  has  since  been  occupied  by 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  liberal  congre- 
gations in  the  city.  Through  the  fame  of 
Greville  Ewing  and  Dr.  Wardlaw  many 
congr^ations  of  the  same  faith  and  order 
were  formed  in  different  parts  of  Scotland, 
and  Dr.  Wardlaw  lived  to  see  nearly  two 
hundred  churches  in  the  country  of  the 
same  order,  though  some  of  them  differed 
on  doctrinal  points. 

In  1811  Dr.  Wardlaw  was  associated 
with  Greville  Ewing  in  the  tutorship  of 
Glasgow  Theological  Academy,  and  he 
continued  to  give  his  services  to  that  in- 
stitution up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  For 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  taught 
without  fee  or  reward,  and  indeed  never 
received  more  than  a  nominal  sum  for  his 
valuable  services.  On  the  Kith  Jan.  1B50, 
he  received,  in  the  presence  of  a  very 
crowded  meeting  in  the  City  Hall,  a  pre* 
sentation  of  nilvrr  plate  to  (he  value  of 
about  150/.  On  the  completion  of  the 
50th  year  of  his  ministry,  in  Feb.  1853, 
his  people  raised  a  larp;e  sum  to  erect  a 
mission-house  at  Dovehill  station,  which 
is  to  boar  his  name. 

From  a  eulogy  pronounced  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  John  Macfarlanc,  at  the  Erskine 
church,  in  Glasgow,  on  the  Sunday  after 
Dr.  Wardlaw's  death,  we  give,  in  a  com- 
pressed form,  the  following  summary  of 
his  character : — ■ 

"  There  was  in  his  whole  character  a 
wonderful  combination  of  the  peculiarities 
of  the  two  apostles  Paul  and  John — great- 
ncss  and  goodness — power  and  grntleness 
— fervour  and  modesty — zeal  and  love — 
courage  and  caution— forwardness  and 
prudence — brilliant  action  and  holy  medi- 
tation. Catholicity  was  alike  an  element 
in  the  two  disciples—they  were  not  secta- 
ries. Though  decided  in  their  convictions, 
and  ready  to  speak  them  out,  and  act  them 
out,  before  the  church  and  the  world, 
they  contracted  no  unlovely  spites  against 
others,  and  eschewed  the  dirty  smoky 
cabins  of  sectarianism  and  bigotry.  So  did 
Dr.  Wardlaw,  He  was  the  embodiment 
of  the  principle  of  the  Evangelical  Alli- 
ance. It  was  little  to  him  what  might  be 
the  *  ism'  of  any  man,  provided  be  was  a 
lover  of  Jesus  and  of  his  truth. 

**  In  him  the  Christian  advocite  was 
truly  a  finished  portrait.  Taking  bis  posi- 
tion, even  in  young  life,  by  the  banks  of 
Zion,  he  wisely  selected  the  pebbles  which 
were  afterwards  slung  at  the  head  of  error. 
As  an  expounder   of   doctrine,  he  wag 


textual,  logictl,  and  muterlr.  Aa  a  critie^ 
he  was  profouDd,  acote*  and  ir*"**"*  At 
a  philosopher,  he  waa  Chriatiaa  aad  jct 
scholarly ;  simple,  yet  comprehenaif a.  Ha 
seemed  to  be  equally  aC  home  in  ayntbcn 
and  analysis,  wnich  ia  rather  a  rare  com* 
bination  of  ezcellencea.  Aa  a  cootro- 
versialist,  he  waa  fearleaa  thongh  kindly, 
truthfal  though  courteoiUv  and  nncompio- 
mising  thongh  reasonable.  In  the  aicn 
his  weapon  was  alwaya  known  by  tlw 
gleam  of  its  polish,  ^wara  felt  bj  tha 
keenness  of  its  edge,  and  oicen  prononneed 
victorious  by  the  perfect  ancceaa  of  iti 
fence.  His  arena  itself  waa  nlwaya  a  telecC 
one,  always  a  icriptaral  one.  It  mattered 
not  what  he  advocated — it  waa  advcxMted  aa 
bible  ground,  and  with  a  truly  bible  apirit 

*'  As  a  Christian  author,  he  atandi  fore- 
most among  the  first,  not  only  aa  regards 
his  voluminous  writings,  but  aa  regardi 
their  calibre,  their  fame,  and  their  uaeM* 
ncss.  There  are  few  indcMMl  of  the  Chrialisi 
doctrines  which  he  baa  not  beantifaDy 
elucidated,  and  few  of  the  Christiau  pf» 
cepts  which  he  has  not  clearly  and  forcibly 
explained.  His  works  remain  among  tbi 
most  valuable  treasuriea  of  the  Chnreh  a( 
God.  One  of  his  earliest  efforta  ia  one  of 
his  best — his  work  on  the  Socinian  Con- 
troversy ;  and  his  last  work  ia  not  aecoad 
to  it— on  Miracles — wherein  with  a  giants 
force,  though  wielded  with  the  aimplidty 
and  gentleness  of  a  little  child,  he  demo- 
lishes the  modern  structures  of  infidelity. 

'*  As  a  Christian  minister,  he  waa  faith- 
ful, affectionate,  and  eameat.  Ilia  dia* 
courses,  published  aud  unpubliahcd,  haM 
made  his  pulpit  better  known  in  thia 
country,  I  may  say  in  Kurope  and  Ame- 
rica, than  that  of  any  living  preacher.  Hb 
style  of  preaching  waa  all  hia  own.  Ori- 
ginality WDS  evident  in  the  smooth,  deep« 
clesr,  steady  current  of  his  thongfata,  in 
the  calm  but  sublime  cast  of  hia  oratoryt 
and  in  the  tact,  as  well  as  genina,  of  hb 
address.  Like  Hall  of  Bristol,  or  Chahnm 
amongst  ourselves,  he  atanUa  out  in  the 
pulpit  as  alone  in  the  posseaalon  of  thoat 
excellences  for  which  his  name  will  be 
handed  down  to  future  gencrationa. 

*'  In  him  Christian  philanthropy  bad 
one  of  its  most  impressive  illnatratioiM. 
His  heart  was  large  and  it  waa  warm. 
Every  human  interest  had  a  place  tbervi 
and  every  human  being  had  an  advocate 
there.  He  had  a  tear  for  every  tear,  ■■^ 
he  had  a  smile  for  every  jov.  He  hed  a 
curse  there  for  every  foe  to  human  happl« 
ness  and  holiness,  and  he  had  a  bicsaiac 
there  for  every  friend  of  man  aa  a  citiaen 
of  the  world  or  a  traveller  to  eternity.  Ua 
might  not  be  Howard  militant,  bnt  he  waa 
Howard  eloquent,  and  compaflalonate,aad 
practical.    Ue  waa  the  friend  of  the  poor 


1854.] 


Obituary. — Rev.  W.  B,  CoUyer^  D.D. 


655 


— the  patron  of  every  charity — an  associate 
of  every  institute  for  the  presentand  lasting 
good  of  his  fellow- citizens  and  his  fellow- 
men.  In  the  more  private  walks  of  life 
he  was  indeed  a  most  lovely  character,  and 
in  all  his  relationships  acted  throughout  as 
one  who,  having  first  of  all  loved  Jesus 
Christ,  allowed  the  overflowings  thereof 
to  fall  upon,  anoint,  and  bless  all  within 
the  circle  of  its  approach." 

The  following  is  a  list  of  Dr.  Wardlaw's 
works.  His  great  and  earliest  work  on 
the  Socinian  Controversy,  published  about 
forty  years  ago.  A  Treatise  on  Infant 
Baptism;  Lectures  on  Ecclesiastics,  2 
vols. ;  a  volume  of  Sermons  ;  Letters  to 
Society  of  Friends ;  Lectures  on  the  Sab- 
bath ;  Man's  Responsibility  for  his  Belief, 
drawn  forth  by  certain  opinions  stated  by 
Lord  Brougham,  when  being  inaugurated 
as  Lord  Rector  of  Glasgow  college; 
Christian  Ethics,  in  many  respects  his 
principal  work;  a  Hymn  Book,  which  has 
passed  through  many  editions ;  Memoir 
of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Reid,  missionary ;  Dis*- 
courses  on  the  Atonement ;  a  work  on 
Congregational  Independency;  Lectures 
on  Prostitution  in  Glasgow;  Lancaster 
System  of  Education  ;  Lectures  on  the 
History  of  Joseph ;  a  work  in  reply  to 
Mr.  Yates  on  Unitarianism ;  Sermon  on 
the  death  of  Mrs.  Greville  Ewing ;  on 
Death  of  Rev.  Greville  Ewing  ;  Sketch  of 
the  late  Dr.  M*A11,  Manchester ;  Dis- 
course on  the  late  Christopher  Anderson, 
Edinburgh,  &c.  &c.  He  wrote  a  beautiful 
introduction  to  Bishop  Hall's  works ; 
also,  a  Sermon  on  the  doctrine  of  Particu- 
lar Providence.  His  last  work  was  on 
Miracles,  which  in  a  few  weeks  reached  a 
second  edition.  It  is  understood  that  he 
left  finished  manuscript  for  very  many 
volumes  ;  and  his  works  will  be  more  ge- 
nerally valuable,  and  probably  not  less 
voluminous,  than  those  of  Dr.  Chalmers. 
His  correspondence  alone  would  fill  many 
volumes,  and  the  manuscripts  of  his  lec- 
tures and  expositions  are  immense.  Every- 
thing he  wrote  was  a  finished  production  ; 
not  a  letter,  not  a  point  superfluous  or 
wanting,  or  indistinct. 

Dr.  Wardlaw  married,  shortly  after  his 
ordination,  a  relative  of  his  own.  Miss 
Jane  Smith,  who  survives  him,  with  a  large 
family.  One  of  bis  sons  has  been  for  many 
years  a  missionary  at  Ballary,  and  two  of 
his  daughters  also  went  to  the  mission 
field  with  their  husbands.  Another  of  his 
sons  is  a  most  honourable  and  much  es- 
teemed man  of  business  in  Glasgow. 

Rev.  W.  B.  Collyer,  D.D. 
Lately.     In  his  72nd  year,  the  Rev. 
William  Bengo  Collyer,  D.D.,  LL.D,  and 
F.S.A. 


Dr.  Collyer  was  the  only  surviving  child 
of  Mr.  Thomas  Collyer,  a  builder,  at 
Deptford,  where  he  was  bom  on  the  14th 
April,  1782.  After  having  previously  en- 
tered upon  the  rudiments  of  learning  at 
two  neighbouring  schools,  he  was,  at  the 
age  of  eight,  placed  at  the  public  school 
belonging  to  the  Leathersellers'  Company 
at  Lewisham,  and  at  thirteen  under  the 
care  of  the  Rev.  John  Fell,  as  preparatory 
to  his  admission  to  the  Old  College  at 
Homerton.  He  entered  that  institution 
as  a  scholar  in  1798,  and  remained  there 
for  three  years  and  a  half,  under  the 
tuition  of  Dr.  Fisher,  the  Divinity  Pro- 
fessor, being  a  contemporary  of  his  friend 
Dr.  Raffles. 

During  the  vacations  at  Homerton,  and 
indeed  as  early  as  at  thirteen  years  of  age, 
Mr.  Collyer  was  in  the  habit  of  teaching 
at  various  Sunday  schools,  within  nine 
miles  of  his  father's  residence  at  Black- 
heath  Hill,  and  of  publicly  addressing  the 
children,  their  parents,  and  such  of  the 
neighbours  as  chose  to  attend,  at  the  close 
of  his  instructions.  In  the  year  1800, 
when  little  more  than  eighteen,  he  opened 
his  ministry  at  Peckham,  to  a  congrega- 
tion at  first  extremely  small,  but  to  which 
he  was  duly  ordained  in  Dec.  1801,  and 
where  he  continued  for  many  yean.  The 
chapel,  which  had  been  first  erected  in 
17 17,  was  enlarged  in  1803,  and  again  in 
1808 ;  and  at  length  was  wholly  rebuilt  in 
1816.  The  new  structure,  which  was  pro- 
vided to  hold  1300  persons,  received  the 
name  of  Hanover  Chapel,  and  its  opening 
was  attended  by  H.  R.  H.  the  Duke  of 
Sussex. 

Mr.  Collyer  received  the  diploma  of 
D.D.  from  the  university  of  Edinburgh, 
in  the  year  1808,  in  compliment  to  his 
volume  of  '*  Lectures  on  Scripture  Facta.'* 

On  the  death  of  the  celebrated  Hugh 
Worthington  in  1813,  he  received  an  in- 
vitation to  succeed  to  the  pulpit  at  Salters* 
Hall  Chapel.  "With  the  consent  of  hia 
congregation  at  Peckham,  arrangements 
were  made  that  he  should  accept  this 
without  leaving  them. 

'*  As  a  preacher  Dr.  Collyer  ranks 
among  the  most  popular  of  the  present 
day.  Both  his  sermons  and  lectures  are 
distinguished  by  a  depth  of  research,  a 
fidelity  of  doctrine,  and  a  closeness  of 
argument,  which  are  rendered  doubly  in- 
teresting by  a  superior  elegance  of  stjle, 
and  an  unusual  amplitude  of  illustration. 
Pleasing  in  his  person,  and  graceful  in  his 
manners,  the  plaintive  and  feeling  tone  of 
Dr.  Collyer  render  his  eloauence  peculi- 
arlv  interesting ;  and  though  his  language 
and  his  expression  may  occasionally  re- 
quire more  extent  and  variety,  and  a 
greater  choice  of  selection,  yet  toU  defect 


656 


Obituary. — Professor  Jameson* 


CJmMb 


arises  only  from  being  too  readily  satisfied 
with  doing  well,  what  he  is  capable  of 
doing  so  much  better." — European  Maga- 
zine, Nov.  1817. 

Dr.  CoUyer  published — 

Fugitive  Pieces  for  the  use  of  Schools. 
1803.    Two  vols. 

Lectures  on  Scripture  Facts.     1807. 

Lectures  on  Scripture  Prophecy.  1809. 

Lectures  on  Scripture  Miracles.    1812. 

Lectures  on  Scripture  Parables.    1815. 

Lectures  on  Scripture  Doctrines.  1818. 

Lectures  on  Scripture  Duties.     1819. 

Lectures  on  Scripture  Comparison  ;  or 
Christianity  compared  with  Hinduism, 
Mahommcdism,  the  Antient  Philosophy, 
and  Deism.     1823. 

Hymns,  designed  as  a  Supplement  to 
Dr.  Watts's.     1812. 

The   Double  Bereavement:    two   Ser- 
mons, on  the  Deaths  of  H.  R.  H.  the  Duke 
'of  Kent,  and  H.  M.  King  George  III. 
1820. 

Services  suited  to  the  solemnization  of 
Matrimony,  administration  of  Baptism, 
&c.  altered  from  the  services  of  the  Church 
of  England  ;  with  original  Hymns.   1837. 

Anniversary  Oration,  delivered  Nov. 
22,  1815,  before  H.  R.H.  the  Duke  of 
Kent,  and  the  Philosophical  Society  of 
London,  of  which  he  was  a  Vice-President. 

He  also  published  several  other  single 
sermons,  and  edited  various  books.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  Dr.  CoUycr  was  the 
oldest  member  of  the  London  Board  of 
Congregational  Ministers. 

He  married,  October  20,  1813,  Mary, 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Thomas  Hawkes, 
esq.  of  Lutterworth,  by  whom  he  had  a 
daughter,  born  in  I81i. 

Notwithstanding  his  well-known  bcne- 
Tolence,  he  has  been  enabled,  by  the  aid 
of  a  legacy  left  him  some  time  since,  to 
make  an  ample  provision  for  his  widow. 
His  personal  estate  has  been  sworn  under 
5,000/. 

His  portrait,  painted  by  S.  Drummond, 
R.A.  was  engraved  by  Henry  Meyer,  in 
the  European  Magazine  for  Nov.  1817. 

Professor  Jameson. 

Aprin9,  At  Edinburgh,  aged  81, 
Robert  Jameson,  esq.  Regius  Professor 
of  Natural  History  in  the  university  of 
Edinburgh,  and  Keeper  of  the  University 
Museum. 

Professor  Jameson  was  bom  at  Leith  in 
1773.  He  studied  medicine  in  his  youth, 
but  abandoned  all  intentions  of  pursuing 
the  practice  of  that  profession  very  early, 
the  attractions  of  the  natural  history  sci- 
ences having  more  charms  for  him.  The 
professional  studies  through  which  he  had 
gone  proved,  however,  highly  useful  to 
him  during  his  after-teachings,  and  enabled 
12 


him  to  appreciate  dulj  thm  pbyiiologieil 
as  well  as  the  syetematio  elemente  of 
natural  history.  He  mmt  have  made 
rapid  progress  in  geologioal  atndiee  at  aa 
early  age,  since,  in  his  85th  year,  In  1796, 
he  published  his  "  Oatline  of  the  Mineral- 
ogy of  the  Shetland  lelands  and  of  the 
Island  of  Arran,  with  an  Appendix  eoa- 
taining  Observations  on  Peat,  Kdp,  sad 
Coal ;''  and  in  1800  hU  **  Ondmes  of  the 
Mineralogy  of  the  Scottish  Isles." 

To  perfect  himself  in  his  &Tonrite  pn^ 
suits  he  proceeded  to  Fribarg  in  Saxoay, 
and  became  a  diiciple  of  the  celebrated 
Werner,  of  whose  peculiar  doctrines  he 
was  for  some  time  one  of  tlie  ablest  advo- 
cates, and  in  grateful  commemoration  of 
whose  merits  he  founded  the  Wanerin 
Society,  a  body  that  has  rendered  mcauh 
rable  services  to  natural  history.  Pro- 
fessor Jameson's  German  atadies  proved 
afterwards  not  only  of  no  small  advaat^s 
to  himself,  but  alio  to  science  thronghoit 
Britain ;  for  at  a  time  when  comparatifelj 
few  persons  studied  the  German  laagosgi^ 
or  made  themselves  acquainted  with  the 
doings  of  German  philosophers,  the  editor 
of  the  Edinburgh  Philosopbiod  Joomal 
kept  naturalists  and  geologists  well  in- 
formed of  the  progress  of  their  fglftiftW  in 
the  states  of  Germany. 

In  1804,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Walker,  a 
philosopher  and  practical  iiatualist  of 
great  merit,  Mr.  Jameson  was  appointed 
his  successor  in  the  Edinboigh  chair  el 
Natural  History.  From  that  time  forward, 
he  exercised  a  great  influence  tbrongh  the 
medium  of  his  nnmerons  pupils,  many  of 
whom  became  highly  eminent.  Quids  to 
perceive  true  merit,  and  ever  watchful  of 
mdications  of  scientific  ability,  he  never 
lost  sight  of  any  student  who  manifested  a 
love  for  natural  history  in  any  of  Us 
branches.  During  his  mstructive  walks 
and  excursions  to  explore  the  ceologlcsl 
phenomena  of  the  neighbonrhooa  of  Edin- 
burgh, he  laid  the  foundations  for  affe^ 
tionate  friendship  with  his  junlore*  Theas 
rambles  were  among  the  chief  attractioas 
of  his  course,  and,  as  long  as  his  strength 
permitted  him  to  conduct  them,  he  had  a 
large  body  of  admiring  disciples. 

In  1808  Jameson  published  his  ^^Syatem 
of  Mineralogy,  comprehendiny  Orycto- 
gnosy,  Geognosy,  Mineralogical  Chemiatiyy 
Mineralogical  Geography,  and  <£conomlcal 
Mineralogy."  This  work  was  republiahed  in 
a  different  form  in  1816. 

In  1819.  in  connection  with  Dr.  (now 
Sir  David)  Brewster,  he  commeneed  the 
publication  of  The  Edinburgh  Philoao- 
phical  Journal ;  whioh  has  been  reg;ttlariy 
published  quarterly  since  that  time.  At 
the  end  of  the  tenth  volume,  Jant 
became  the  sole  editor ;  and  he  coi 


1854.] 


Obituary^— Pro/iMor  Wilson* 


657 


it  to  the  day  of  hU  death  with  great  ability. 
As  one  of  the  orgaos  of  commanicatioir 
between  the  scientific  world  and  the 
public,  Jameson's  Edinburgh  Joamal  has 
always  commanded  a  most  important 
position, — the  practical  and  popular  cha- 
racter of  his  mind  giving  to  this  periodical 
a  tone  and  colouring  which  were  more 
agreeable  to  the  multitude  than  that  wiiich 
ordinarily  distinguishes  our  sdentifio  lite- 
rature. Professor  Jameson  was  the  author 
of  other  works  on  mineralc^  and  geology, 
and  numerous  papers  written  by  Urn  will 
be  found  in  the  Wernerian  TranMU^ons 
and  in  Nicholson's  Journal. 

All  the  specimens  within  the  walls  of 
the  present  museum,  and  many  thousands 
besides,  have  been  arranged  and  placed 
by  his  own  hands.  The  oorrespondence 
carried  on  must  have  been  enormous  before 
such  a  collection  could  have  been  brought 
together,  and  the  expense  both  of  money 
and  time  very  great.  The  vast  collections 
of  all  the  branches  of  natural  history}  not 
only  in  the  East  and  West  Mnteums,  but 
stored  up  in  the  store-rooms,  are  enonnow. 
We  understand  that  there  are  nearly  40,000 
specimens  of  rocks  and  mlnersls,  geo- 
graphically arranged ;  10,000  spedmeni  of 
fossils ;  800  specimens  of  crania  and 
skeletons  ;  8,000  birds ;  900  fishea  and 
reptiles ;  900  invertebrate  animals ;  the 
collection  of  insects  very  larger  consirting 
of  many  thousand  specimens ;  300  speci- 
mens of  recent  shells.  The  collection  of 
drawings,  casts,  models,  geological  and 
geographical  maps,  and  of  instruments 
used  in  the  survey  of  countries,  is  very 
valuable.  The  access  of  visitors  to  this 
vast  collection  has  been  hitherto  restricted 
with  an  excess  of  care.  Since  it  is  deter- 
mined to  found  a  National  Museum  of 
Practical  Geology  and  Agriculture  in 
Edinburgh,  it  will  probably  become  more 
available  to  the  public 

Professor  Jameson  was  unmarried.  In 
private  life  he  was  the  kindest  of  rdativei, 
and  beloved  by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 
In  person  he  was  slender  and  wiry,  with  a 
countenance  strongly  expressive  of  vivid 
intellectual  power.  Latterly  he  was  con- 
fined to  his  house  by  continued  illness  and 
infirmity,  but  to  the  last  he  retained  his 
enthusiastic  devotion  to  science. 


Profsssok  Wilson. 

Aprils.  At  Edinburgh,  in  his  69th 
year,  John  Wilson,  esq.  late  Profesior  of 
Moral  Philosophy  in  the  univernty  of 
that  city. 

Professor  Wilson  was  the  son  of  a 
successful  manufacturer  in  Paisley,  where 
he  was  bom  on  the  1 9th  May  1785,  At 
an  early  age  he  wae  sent  to  a  school  at 
Glenorchy  in  the  Highlands,  kept  by  Dr. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


Joaeph  M'Intyre,  an  eminent  dergyman 
of  the  church  of  Scotland ;  and  ttoe  lie 
evidently  acquired  his  passionate  taste  for 
the  wild  scenery  and  the  active  sports  of 
the  mountains.  At  the  age  of  tiiirteen  he 
removed  to  the  university  of  Glasgow,  end 
five  years  later  he  was  entered  of  Ma|^ 
dalene  ooUege^  Oxford.  When  at  Oxford 
his  character  retained  and  deepened  aU  its 
peooliar  traits.  He  took  several  college 
honours  ;  and  was  the  first  boxer,  leaper, 
and  runner  among  the  ttodenti.  In  1806 
be  gained  the  Newdigate  priie  in  English 
verse,  the  sulqect  being  kk  "Remi* 
mendiation  of  the  Study  of  Grecian  and 
Roman  Ardiitectnre."  He  graduated 
BJL  1807,  MJk.  1810. 

When  he  left  Oxford  he  betook  him- 
idf  to  the  Lake  country,  where  hk  fother 
had  purchased  tlie  estate  of  EUeray, 
flitoated  on  the  shores  of  l^ndermere. 
Here  he  speedily  became  intimate  wilii 
Wordsworth,  Southey,  Coleridge,  and  De 
Qnincey,  the  last  of  whom  deseribea  him 
aa  then  a  tall,  fresh,  fine-looking  youth, 
drafted  like  a  sailor,  and  full  of  finoumesi, 
eooentridty,  and  fire.  He  was  at  that 
tine  vaeillatiDg  between  varioua  idiemes 
of  life,  aU  more  or  leas  aiagolar.  He  was 
now  prelecting  a  journey  to  the  interior  of 
Afiica,  and  now  determining  to  be  fbr  lifo 
a  writer  of  poetry.  He  oontribated  some 
fine  letters  to  Coleridge's  Friend,  under 
the  aignatnre  of  Mauetes.  From  that 
gifted  man,  however,  he  afterwarda  became 
estranged.  About  this  period  we  ifaid 
him  thus  described  in  a  letter  firom  Sir 
Walter  Scott  to  Mist  Baillie:— 

''The  author  of  the  elegy  ^oqpoa  poor 
Grahame  is  John  WiUwn,  a  young  man  of 
very  considerable  poetical  powert.  He  is 
now  engaged  in  a  poem  called  The  Ida  of 
Palms,  something  in  the  style  of  Sootbey. 
He  is  an  eccentric  genius,  and  baa  fixed 
himself  on  the  banki  of  Windermera^  b«k 
occasionally  residea  in  Bdinbnigh,  where 
he  now  is.  Perhaps  yon  have  seen  bias. 
Hia  fother  was  a  wealthy  Pudakjr  man»> 
fhetorer;  hia  mother  a  sister  off  Robert 
Sym.  He  seems  an  exodOent,  wamu 
hearted,  and  enthusiastic  young  mans 
something  too  much,  periiaps,  of  this  latter 
quality  places  him  among  the  list  of 
originab." 

'*  The  Isle  of  Pelms,  and  other  Poeme," 
were  published  in  1812,  8vo.  and  Wflaoa 
anbsequently  produced  <*  The  City  of  tibe 
Plague,"  a  poem  as  mueh  diitfa^inished 
for  its  deUowy  of  feeling  as  its  extreme 
beanty  of  expression. 

In  1815  their  antlior  was  etUad  to  the 
Sootiah  bar,  but  he  never  bad  piaotiee  at 
an  advocate. 

On  the  pnblicatioii  of  the  Fourth  Canto 
of  Childe  Harold,  Wilson  wrote  hie  tn^ 

4P 


658 


Obituary-— iVo/«Mar  WUam* 


CJ«i 


and  only  paper  in  the  Edinburgh  Review 
•—an  eloquent  critiqae  upon  that  pro- 
duction. 

In  1817  Blackwood's  Magazine  wai 
started,  and  shortly  after  Wilson  was 
added  to  its  staff,  and  began  that  series  of 
contributions — grave  and  gay,  satiric  and 
serious,  mad  and  wise,  nonsensical  and 
profound,  fierce  and  congenial,  which  were 
destined  to  irradiate  or  torment  its  pages 
for  folly  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

In  1820,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Brown,  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  in 
the  university  of  Edinburgh,  Wilson  was 
urged  by  his  friends,  especially  by  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  to  stand  as  a  candidate  for 
the  vacant  chair.  His  opponent  was  Sir 
William  Hamilton,  who  had  devoted  im- 
mense talent  and  research  to  the  study  of 
moral  and  mental  science :  but  Wilson, 
though  hitherto  but  little  known,  was 
elected  in  the  face  of  much  violent  oppo- 
sition, principally  by  political  influence, 
for  party  spirit  was  then  running  very  high 
in  Edinburgh.  Wilson  on  this  occasion 
evinced  a  proper  sense  of  the  importance 
of  his  new  responsibilities.  He  com- 
menced to  prepare  his  lectures  with  great 
care ;  and  his  success  in  the  chair  was  such 
as  to  abash  his  adversaries  and  delight  his 
friends.  Those  who  attended  his  lectures 
will  never  forget  the  eloquence  and  genius 
with  which  he  enlivened  the  didactic 
discourses  of  the  class,  and  the  happy 
combination  of  literature  with  philosophy 
which  characterised  his  lectures. 

He  published  no  more  volumes  of 
poetry,  but  in  the  course  of  the  next  few 
years  he  produced  three  novels, — Lights 
and  Shadows  of  Scotish  Life,  The  Trials 
of  Margaret  Lindsay,  and  The  Forresters, 
which  were  all  powerfully  written  and 
fascinating  books.  These  works  con- 
tributed to  raise  his  character,  not  only  as 
a  writer,  but  as  a  man. 

In  1B2G,  on  the  removal  of  Mr.  Lock- 
hart  to  Ijondon,  Wilson  became  the 
principal,  though  not  the  ostensible, 
editor  of  Blackwood's  Magazine ;  and  his 
life  for  ten  years  from  that  date  became 
identified  with  that  publication.  After 
that  period,  from  enfeebled  health,  and  a 
spirit  broken  by  the  loss  of  his  wife,  his 
powers  were  much  impaired.  He  reco- 
vered however  for  a  time,  but  his  '*  Dies 
Boreales ''  were  considered  to  be  fsr 
inferior  in  spirit  to  the  "  Noctes  Am- 
brosianse"  of  the  former  period. 

In  ISi^  he  made  a  selection  from  his 
contributions  to  Blackwood,  under  the 
title  of  **  Recreations  of  Christopher 
North,"  in  three  volumes. 

In  1853  he  saw  the  necessity  of  re- 
signiog  his  chair,  owing  to  the  increasing 
weekness  of  his  frame.     A  pension  of 


3001.  was  gnntad  to  him  bj  Lord  Joki 
RuHelL  iJxmt  a  yaftr  ago  Us  mki 
began  to  waver  and  daoajt  Jrarom  nfu^tti 
attacks  of  paralyrit.  From  hb  eotfeitB  it 
Luswade  he  wai  renunrad  to  EdlaUuik; 
and,  after  various  fliifltiuitioii8»  his  wftk 
was  at  length  rekasod  from  tliat  bodf 
which  had  become  ^  a  bodj  of  das^" 

*<  Wilson  was  not  a  one-sidad  aas. 
He  did  not  prodooe  great  resalti  by 
working  stesduy  on  any  one  aet  of  Uaa 
His  intellect  was  not  to  be  ooiapaiei  to  • 
fleld,  but  to  a  diatriet  of  flrfda  mUk  Ul 
and  dale  and  son  and  abade  and  aesr  asi 
rock  and  water--«  good  wbukeeins  C» 
trict,  with  its  water  freak  and  ita  idr  fut, 
though  it  mavbe  that  it  oontained  act  mt 
acre  thoroughly  firee  firom  peedi,  er  A^ 
serving  to  be  famous  for  Ugb  llmi^Bg  sai 
heavy  crops. 

**  There  are  very  many  poami 
than  The  Isle  of  Palms.     But  we 
read  in  it,  and  in  the  City  of  tbe 
not  a  little  of  the  gnce  and 
the  exquisite  feding,  tbe  rieb 
enjoyment  belonging  to   tbe  yonlbsfa 
mind  Uke  Wilson's,  wliiob  aftmwai^  tssi 
a  form  so  much  higher,  Inllert  and  asM 
complete  in  his  prose  writing  InBIs^ 
wood's  Msgasine.    Reading  thorn  Rinsss 
tions  of  Christopher  Kortfi,  it  is  hari  H 
say  whether  it  is  in  his  rough  stisugft  w 
chastened  delicacy  that  we  moatfcdhm 
true  a  man  is  speaking  to  na*  nor  ba 
difficult  to  discern  whether  bis  ejnifafhJM 
are  keenest  when  they  deal  with  aalne  m 
with  man.    Very  charming  too^  In  qwl 
pathos  and  subdued  humour,  are  the  tiv 
novels  and  tales  of  Sootish  life  wfaidlhl 
has  left  behind  him.    And  let  ua  hofs 
that,  besides  the  writings  thus  ennmevaftd^ 
due  materials  exist  for  a  pubbsfasd  m* 
lection  from  his  Lectures  deUvered  in  ths 
Moral  Philosophy  chair    at  Ediaburik 
They  may  not  be    sdiolasdc,   bat  thif 
will  be  something  better,  fbr  to  bte  the 
study  of  man  was  no  oocuH  srifsioc  " 
AMnnMer. 

John  Wilson  was  a  stout,  tsli,  flttdSliB 
man,  with  broad  shoulders  nnd  ebsel^  sni 
prodigiously  muscular  lisabe.  Hie 
was  msgnificent  {  his  hair,  wbieh  bo 
long  and  flowing,  fell  round  bia 
features  like  a  lion's  mane,  to  whisb, 
indeed,  it  was  often  compered,  being  much 
of  the  same  hue.  His  lipe  were  always 
working,  while  his  grey  fleshing  eyea  bad 
a  weird  sort  of  look  which  waa  higfcly 
characteristic.  In  his  drew  be 
gularly  slovenly.  With  all  his 
eccentricity,  he  had  sound  judgmient 
a  genial  Undly  heart;  and  in  bla 
love,  especially  in  his  latter  yeara,  of 
that  was  generous  snd  good  and 
and  his  sinoere  affeeCion  Ibr  Dr. 


1854.] 


Obituary.— Jatne*  Montgomeryy  Esq, 


659 


and  others  of  his  colleagues  most  eminent 
for  piety  and  active  philanthropy,  he  gave 
proof  of  a  religious  principle  far  deeper 
than  any  mere  sentimental  feeling  or 
philosophical  persuasion. 

He  could  enter  into  the  spirit  of  lake 
scenery  deeply  with  Wordsworth  when 
floating  on  Windermere  at  sunset :  and  he 
could,  as  we  see  by  Moore's  Diary,  imitate 
Wordsworth's  monologues  to  admiration 
under  the  lamp  at  a  jovial  Edinburgh 
supper-table.  He  could  collect  as  strange 
a  set  of  oddities  about  him  there  as  ever 
Johnson  or  Fielding  did  in  their  City 
lodgings  ;  and  he  could  wander  alone  for  a 
week  along  the  trout  streams,  and  by  the 
mountain  tarns  of  Westmerland.  He 
could  proudly  lead  the  regatta  from  Mr. 
Bolton's  at  Storr's,  as  "Admiral  of  the 
Lake,'*  with  Canning,  Scott,  Wordsworth, 
Southey,  and  others,  and  shed  an  intel- 
lectual sunshine  as  radiant  as  that  which 
glittered  on  Windermere ;  and  he  could 
forbid  the  felling  of  any  trees  at  EUeray, 
and  shroud  himself  in  its  damp  gloom, 
when  its  mistress  was  gone,  leaving  a 
bequest  of  melancholy  which  he  never 
surmounted.  The  manner  in  which  he 
saw,  wooed,  and  won  his  wife  was  quite  in 
keeping  with  his  romantic  and  original 
character.  Seeing,  among  a  party  visiting 
the  lakes,  a  lady  whose  appearance  struck 
him,  he  found  out  at  what  inn  they  were 
going  to  stay  ;  and,  inducing  the  landlord 
to  allow  him  to  act  as  waiter,  he  contrived 
to  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  more  of 
the  object  of  his  admiration,  and  then  of 
declaring  his  passion.  The  result  was  in 
every  way  more  fortunate  than  so  irregular 
an  introduction  might  have  produced. 
The  "  grace  and  gentle  goodness  "  of  his 
wife  were  bound  about  his  heartstrings  ; 
and  the  thought  of  her  was  known  and 
felt  to  underlie  all  his  moods  from  the 
time  of  her  death.  She  loved  EUeray,  and 
the  trees  about  it,  and  he  allowed  not  a 
twig  of  them  to  be  touched  till  the  place 
grew  too  mossy  and  mournful,  and  then 
he  parted  with  it.  He  was  much  beloved 
in  tlmt  neighbourhood,  where  he  met  with 
kindness  whatever  was  genuine,  while  he 
repulsed  and  shamed  all  flatteries  and 
affectations.  Every  old  boatman  and 
young  angler,  hoary  old  shepherd  and 
primitive  dame  among  the  hills  of  the 
district,  knew  him  and  enjoyed  his  pre- 
sence. He  was  a  steady  and  genial  friend 
to  poor  Hartley  Coleridge  for  a  long 
course  of  years.  He  made  others  happy 
by  being  so  intensely  happy  himself,  when 
his  brighter  moods  were  on  him.  He  felt 
and  enjoyed  too  intensely,  and  paid  the 
penalty  in  the  deep  melancholy  of  the 
close  of  his  life.  He  could  not  chasten  the 
exuberance  of  his  love  of  nature  and  of 


genial  human  intercourse :  and  he  was 
cut  off  from  both,  long  before  his  death. 


James  Montoomkbt,  Esq. 

April  30.  At  his  residence,  the  Mount, 
Sheffield,  aged  82,  James  Montgomery, 
Esq.,  the  Poet. 

James  Montgomery  was  bom  Nov.  4, 
1771,  at  Irvine,  in  Ayrshire.  His  father 
was  a  Moravian  missionary,  who,  leaving 
his  son  at  Fulneck  in  Iforkshire  to  be 
educated,  went  to  the  West  Indies,  where 
he  and  the  poet's  mother  both  died. 
When  only  twelve  years  old,  the  bent  of 
the  boy*s  mind  was  shown  by  the  pro- 
duction of  various  small  poems.  These 
indications  could  not  save  him  at  first 
from  the  fate  assigned  to  him,  and  he  was 
sent  to  earn  his  bread  as  assistant  in  a 
general  shop.  He  thirsted  for  other 
occupations,  and  one  day  set  off  with 
3«.  6d.  in  his  pocket  to  walk  to  London, 
to  seek  fame  and  fortune.  In  his  first 
effort  he  broke  down,  and  for  a  while  gave 
up  his  plan  to  take  service  in  another 
situation.  Only  for  a  time,  however,  was 
he  content,  and  a  second  effort  to  reach 
the  metropolis  was  successful,  so  far  as 
bringing  lum  to  the  spot  he  had  longed 
for,  but  unsuccessful  in  hb  main  hope- 
that  of  finding  a  publisher  for  his  volume 
of  verses.  But  the  bookseller  who  refused 
Montgomery's  poems  accepted  his  labour, 
and  he  became  shopman  to  Mr.  Harrison 
in  Paternoster  row.  After  eight  months, 
however,  he  returned  to  Yorkshire,  and  in 
1782  he  gained  a  post  in  the  establishment 
of  Mr.  G^es,  a  bookseller  of  Sheffield,  who 
had  set  up  a  newspaper  called  The  Sheffield 
Register.  On  this  paper  Montgomery 
worked  eon  amore,  and  when  his  master  had 
to  fly  from  England  to  avoid  imprisonment 
for  printing  libellous  articles,  the  young 
poet  became  the  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  paper,  the  name  of  which  he  changed 
to  The  Sheffield  Iris.  In  the  columns  of 
this  print  he  advocated  political  and 
religious  freedom,  and,  like  his  pre- 
decessor, he  incurred  the  censure  of  the 
Attomey-General,  by  whom  he  was  prose- 
cuted, fined,  and  imprisoned  ;  in  the  first 
instance,  in  1795,  for  three  months,  for 
reprinting  a  song  commemorating  '*  The 
Fall  of  the  BastUe ;"  in  the  second  case, 
for  six  months  in  1796,  for  an  account  he 
gave  of  a  riot  in  Sheffield. 

He  contributed  to  magazines,  and, 
despite  adverse  criticism  in  the  "  Edin- 
burgh Review,'*  established  his  right  to 
rank  as  a  poet  In  1797  he  published 
"Prison  Amusements;"  in  1805,  The 
Ocean ;  in  1806,  The  Wanderer  in  Swit- 
zerland ;  in  1809,  The  West  Indies ;  and 
in  1812,  The  World  before  the  Flood. 
By  these  works  he  obtained  the  chief 


660 


Obituary.— ^Crtforj'tf  Newport^  Esq.  PmR.8m 


[JlOM^ 


I- 

ii 


i: 


reputation  he  has  since  enjoyed.  In  1819 
appeared  ^'Greenland/'  a  poem  in  five 
cantos;  and  in  1828,  <<The  Pelican  Island, 
and  other  Poems."  In  1851  the  whole  of 
his  works  were  issued  in  one  volume,  8vo., 
and  of  which  two  editions  are  in  cir- 
culation ;  and  in  1853,  '<  Original  Hymns, 
for  Public,  Private,  and  Social  Devotion.*' 

**  His  larger  poems,  though  belonging 
to  that  dispensation  under  which  sonority 
of  cadence  and  pomp  of  words  were  more 
cultivated  than  thought  or  fancy,  may  be 
returned  to,  even  in  these  davs,  by  all 
large  ^minded  readers  of  verse,  because  of 
a  certain  harmony  in  their  numbers,  an 
elevation  of  tone  and  sentiment,  and  a 
feeling  for  the  picturesque  in  description. 
His  lyrics  and  minor  verses  are  of  higher 
merit*  Without  reaching  the  freshness  and 
originality  of  Wordsworth^s  short  poems, 
they  are  far  in  advance  on  '  The  Poplar 
Field,'  and  '  The  Rose,'  and  '  The  Morn- 
ing Dream,*  and  the  Olney  Hymns  of 
Cowper,  which  in  their  day  were  so  much 
admired  and  so  largely  cited.  '  Moonlight 
in  York  CasUe,'  '  The  Grave,'  the  verses 
to  '  the  Memory  of  Joseph  Browne  '  the 
Quaker  martyr,  and  *  The  Common  Lot ' 
(to  name  only  a  few  among  many),  have  a 
feeling  and  a  sincerity,  consistent  with 
sweetness  of  cadence  and  elevation  (if  not 
subtlety)  of  imagination.  They  are  not 
canting ;  they  are  not  cold ;  they  are  not 
weak ;  they  have  a  faith  and  a  truth  in 
them  beyond  the  conventions  of  any  creed 
shaped  by  well-meaning  human  formality. 
Montgomery's  prose,  so  far  as  we  know 
it,  was  genial,  kindly,  and  direct  in  the  ex- 
pression of  purpose  and  judgment,  but  not 
vigorous.' ' — Atheneum, 

The  Iris  continued  under  his  manage- 
ment, till  about  1840 ;  it  was  then  bought 
by  other  jiarties,  and  is  now  eztincL 

A  few  years  back  the  Queen  conferred 
upon  Mr.  Montgomery  a  pension  of  150/. 
a  year. 

His  funeral  took  place  at  the  Sheffield 
cemetery,  and,  in  addition  to  the  relations 
and  immediate  friends  of  Mr.  Montgo- 
mery, consisted  of  deputations  from  the 
corporation  of  the  town  and  from  all  the 
public  institutions.  Every  class  appear- 
ing desirous  to  testify  its  respect  and  re- 
gret, a  vast  concourse  of  people  accom- 
panied the  body  to  its  last  resting-place. 
The  church,  from  its  smallness,  could  not 
contain  the  mourners,  but  the  service  was 
read  in  the  cemetery  by  the  Rev.  T.  Sale, 
Ticar  of  Sheffield. 

It  is  expected  that  a  monument  will  be 
raised  to  his  memory ;  Mr.  T.  Milnes,  the 
sculptor,  a  year  or  two  back,  took  a  bust 
of  him,  which  is  a  fine  likeness,  and  an 
excellent  work  of  art. 


GioKOK  NiwpomT,  Esq.  FJL8. 

April  7.  At  hli  reridgace  in 
bridge-street,  Hyde  Fu1c«  aftar  a  Am\ 
illness  attended  with  Ibrerv  agied  51,  Geoqp 
Newport,  esq.  Fdlow  of  the  ttojalGolkii 
of  Surgeons,  and  of  the  Royal,  fiwnwi 
and  Entomological  Sodetiea,  and  ain  d 
many  similar  sodetiea  cm  tilie  eontiaaii 
and  in  America. 

This  gentleman  waa  the  aon  of  a  whed 
Wright  at  Canterbury,  and  waa  Uaadl 
apprenticed  to  the  trade.  He  worind  fct 
a  time  at  the  hammer  and  anTil,  bat  kh 
attention  being  early  drawn  to  a  maaeaa 
of  natural  history,  eatabliahed  in  that  tova 
by  Mr.  Masters,  tiie  nnrserynian,  he  taiad 
fh}m  the  stmctare  of  wheels  to  tinld 
insects,  and  obtained  the  peat  of  Caiatari 
He  commeneed  with  sresit  seal  to  ataAf 
the  anatomy  of  artionuited  animals,  m^ 
selecting  medicine  for  Ida  profbaaloa,  h 
became  a  student  of  Univeraity  CdDqi^ 
London.  Here  he  attracted  the  attcattoa 
of  Dr.  Grant,  and,  during  hia  vaesliBi 
rambles,  hO  continued  diligently  to  uliaim 
the  habits  and  economy  of  the  inaeet  woriL 
He  paid  frequent  viaita  to  plaoeaialii 
native  county,  especially  to  Wchboraivh 
near  Sandwich,  and  hia  obsenratioaa  wan 
made  on  the  oommoneat  apeciea.  Aa  aa 
instance  of  the  value  and  origiaaHty  of  ha 
researches,  we  may  mention  tliat  the  ha» 
ble-bee,  the  white  cabbage  butterfly,  tti 
tortoise-shell  butterfly,  and  the  buff-lip 
moth,  afforded  him  materiala  Ibr 
deemed  of  auffident  importance  far 
lication  in  the  Philosophical 
of  the  Royal  Sode^.  But  the  . 
triumph  of  Mr.  Newport'a  ■w»p^«i«» 
researches  waa  his  disooTery  that,  in  tki 
generative  system  of  the  higher  aniaarii^ 
the  impregnation  of  the  onun  by  tki 
spermatozoa  is  not  merely  the  raaahd 
contact,  bat  of  penetration ;  and  fa 
his  paper  published  in  the  PhiloaoplM 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  SodelY  fa 
1851,  entitled  *<On  the  Impragnatien  al 
the  Ovum  in  the  Amphibis^"  Mr.  Newpar 
had  the  distinguished  honour  Co  n 
the  Society's  Royal  MedaL  He 
tributed,  also,  nnmerona  Taluable 
on  insect  strnctare  to  the 
of  the  Linnean  Sodety,  and  to  th 
Entomological  Society,  or  which  he  we 
for  two  years  President.  He  wrote  oe 
casionally  in  periodicals,  aa,  for  <»»•— rf* 
the  article  Inaects,  in  tlie  "  CydopaeA  a 
Anatomy  and  Physiology  ;'*  and,  tho^ 
his  pursuits  were  not  greatly  Taried,nk 
studied  also  the  arehKokgy  of  hia  natifi 
county  and  cathedral. 

Mr.  Newport  settled  at  the  weat  end  a 
London  as  a  anigeon,  but  hia  hm^ 
and  mind  were  too  much  finainaaaJ 
in  microscopical  faivaatigationi  IcMbM  ii 


1854.]       OBiTVAiLY,^^Edward  Riddle^  Esq.  F,R,'AstS. 


661 


philosophic  ends,  to  obtain  much  practice. 
He  possessed  sincere  and  interested  Mends 
in  Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  Sir  John  Forbes, 
and  Sir  James  Clark ;  and  the  last  pro- 
cured him  a  pension  from  the  civil  list  of 
100/.  a  year.  He  exercised  great  facility 
in  making  his  dissections,  and  acquired  a 
dexterity  in  drawing  either  with  the  right 
hand  or  the  left,  which  in  his  demon- 
strations  of  insect  anatomy  and  physiology 
was  invaluable.  His  style  of  writing  was 
flowing  and  agreeable,  though  some  might 
pronounce  it  to  be  verbose.  In  all  cases 
his  papers,  even  though  on  abstruse 
details,  are  very  readable. 

Mr.  Newport  was  morbidly  sensitive  to 
criticism,  and  viewed  with  a  somewhat 
jaundiced  eye  the  labours  of  others. 
Hence  among  little  minds  he  made  com- 
bative and  bitter  enemies.  Not  very  long 
since  an  attack,  hardly  justifiable,  was 
made  in  the  **  Annals  and  Magazine  of 
Natural  History,"  upon  his  researches  on 
the  Blood  and  Respiratory  Structures  of 
Animals  ;  and,  sure  of  his  strength,  one  of 
the  latest  acts  of  Mr.  Newport's  life  was 
to  address  a  note  to  that  periodical,  in 
which  he  says,  '*I  have  ooserved  with 
surprise  and  regret  such  a  mass  of  er- 
roneous statements,  that  I  shall  feel  called 
upon  to  attempt  to  remedy  the  injury 
which  those  errors  are  likely  to  inflict  on 
science  by  their  promulgation.''  Mr. 
Newport's  skill  in  minute  demonstration 
was  remarkable,  and  his  views  were  always 
sound.  A  medal  ofifered  by  the  Agri- 
cultural Society  of  Safl'ron  Walden,  for 
the  best  Essay  on  the  Turnip  Fly,  was 
readily  gained  by  him  ;  and  his  researches 
made  during  the  last  few  years  on  the 
embryology  and  reproduction  of  Batrachian 
reptiles,  and  out  of  which  the  discovery 
just  noted  was  elicited,  have  gained  him 
universal  renown.  Mr.  Newport  was  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  the  Royal 
Society  at  the  time  of  his  decease,  and 
only  the  day  previous  was  dictating  from 
his  bed  on  bis  favourite  subject  of  the 
impregnation  of  the  ovum.  The  wheel- 
wright of  Canterbury  lived  to  receive  the 
highest  honours  for  researches  in  natural 
knowledge  which  this  country  has  to 
bestow  ;  and  it  remains  to  mourn  that  a 
naturalist  of  such  high  philosophic  powers 
should  have  been  cut  off  in  the  zenith  and 
vigour  of  his  useful  career. — Literary 
Gazette, 

A  subscription  (Hmited  to  one  guinea) 
has  been  set  on  foot  among  the  Fellows  of 
the  Royal  and  Linnsean  Societies,  for  a 
tombstone  over  his  grave. 

Edward  Riddle,  Esq.  F.R.Ast.S. 
March  31.     At   Greenwich,   aged   67, 
Edward    Riddle,    esq.    F.R.Ast.S.    late 


Head  Master  of  the  Greenwich  Hospital 
Schools. 

Mr.  Riddle  was  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished of  the  many  eminent  mathema- 
ticians who  have  been  reared  within  the 
watershed  of  the  Tyne.  He  was  bom  at 
Troughend  in  1788,  and  first  kept  school 
at  Otterbum,  on  Reedwater,  where  he  be- 
came acquainted  with  the  late  Mr.  James 
Thompson,  a  person  well-known  in  those 
parts  for  upwards  of  half  a  century  for  his 
Knowledge  of  many  branches  of  science, 
and  his  attainments  in  mathematics.  From 
him  Mr.  Riddle  derived  that  taste  for  the 
sciences  which  clung  to  his  mind  to  the 
end  of  his  life.  From  Otterbum  he  re- 
moved to  Whitburn,  in  the  county  of  Dur- 
ham ;  and  while  there,  in  1810,  his  name 
first  appeared  in  the  Ladies'  Diary,  then 
under  the  editorship  of  Dr.  Hutton,  to 
which  he  for  many  years  continued  a  con- 
tributor, and  his  solutions  were  always 
remarkable  for  beauty  and  accuracy.  In 
the  years  1814  and  1819  he  obtained 
the  prize  given  by  the  editor  of  that  pe- 
riodicaL 

After  continuing  seven  years  at  Whit- 
bum,  Mr.  Riddle,  through  the  recom- 
mendation of  Dr.  Hutton,  was  appointed 
Master  of  the  Trinity  House  School,  New- 
castle, in  which  he  remained  for  the  same 
length  of  time,  proving  by  his  energy  and 
abilities  of  the  greatest  service  to  the  nau- 
tical education  of  the  port,  which  had  pre- 
viously been  in  the  lowest  possible  state. 
In  1891,  while  holding  that  situation,  he 
made  an  extensive  series  of  observations 
to  ascertain  the  longitude  of  that  school, 
and  '*  to  determine,  by  actual  experiment, 
what  confidence  may  now  be  placed  in  the 
results  of  lunar  observations.''  The  mean 
longitude  was  found  to  be  1  deg.  37  min. 
17  sec.  W.  These  observations  are  given 
in  a  table  in  his  Remarks  on  the  Present 
State  of  Nautical  Astronomy,  published 
in  J  821,  a  little  essay  admirably  written, 
and  proving  that  he  was  as  able  to  become 
the  historian  of  science  as  to  extend  her 
boundaries. 

In  1821,  by  the  same  powerful  influence 
of  Dr.  Hutton,  he  was  appointed  Master 
of  the  Upper  School,  Royal  Naval  Asylum, 
Greenwich,  where  he  remained  till  the 
period  of  his  retirement  in  1851.  Soon 
after  his  removal  to  London,  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Astronomical  So- 
ciety, to  which  he  contributed  several 
valuable  papers.  Mr.  Riddle  was  one  of 
the  council  of  that  learned  body,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  all  its  plans  for  the  ad- 
Tancement  of  science.  In  the  third  volume 
of  the  Transactions  of  the  Society,  there 
is  an  able  paper  by  him,  "  On  Finding 
the  Rates  of  Timekeepers,'*  in  which  he 
showed  how  this  could  be  done  without  a 


il 


662      Mr.  F.  CrolL-^Mr.  David  Vedder^^Clergj^  JSiMOMrf.  [JmM^ 


! 

<  : 


transit  initrament.  To  amatear  astrono- 
mers, and  to  seafaring  men  not  having 
access  to  such  an  instrument,  his  method 
must  be  very  useful.  In  the  twelfth  vo- 
lume of  the  same  Transactions  appeared 
another  of  his  papers,  '*  On  the  Longitude 
of  l^adras  by  Moon-Culminating  Obser- 
vations/* which  is  very  elaborate,  and  con- 
tains many  valuable  formulas  and  remarks. 
His  most  valuable  work,  however,  is  his 
**  Treatise  on  Navigation  and  Nautical 
Astronomy."  It  forms  a  course  of  mathe- 
matics for  the  nautical  man,  containing  as 
much  algebra  and  geometry  as  is  necessary 
for  the  demonstrations  of  the  various  pro- 
blems  which  it  comprehends. 

Mr.  Riddle  was  noted  for  the  surprising 
quickness  and  accuracy  with  which  he  took 
celestial  observations.  Shortly  after  his 
retirement  in  1851,  his  bust  in  marble 
was  presented  to  him  by  a  large  number 
of  friends,  accompanied  with  the  expres- 
sion of  their  high  esteem  for  his  worth 
both  as  a  public  and  a  private  man.  It 
was  presented  in  the  boys'  department  of 
Greenwich  School — the  Admiral  and  all 
the  officers  attending  in  full  uniform. 
These  were  deserving  honours  for  a  long, 
useful,  and  honourable  life.  He  retired 
on  full  salary.  His  son,  John  Riddle, 
F.R.A.S.  a  worthy  son  of  a  worthy  sire, 
succeeded  him  as  head  master  of  the  Mathe- 
matical School  at  Greenwich  Hospital. 


Mr.  F.  Croll. 

F^b.  12.  At  Edinburgh,  aged  27,  Mr. 
Francis  Croll,  a  young  engraver  who  was 
rapidly  rising  into  eminence  in  his  native 
city. 

At  a  very  early  age  his  talent  for  draw- 
ing attracted  the  notice  of  the  Messrs. 
Ritchie,  the  well-known  Scotisb  sculptors, 
who  urged  his  friends  to  cultivate  it :  he 
was,  therefore,  in  due  time  articled  to  Mr. 
Dobbie,  of  Edinburgh,  an  engraver,  and 
an  excellent  draughtsman  and  naturalist, 
with  whom  he  made  considerable  progress 
in  drawing,  but  not  much  in  the  art  of 
engraving,  inasmuch  as  his  master  had 
little  employment  in  works  of  any  im- 
portance. On  the  death  of  Mr.  Dobbie, 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  ser- 
vitude, he  was  placed  with  Mr.  R.  C.  Bell, 
with  whom  he  remained  two  years.  To  this 
gentleman,  who  engraved  for  the  Art- 
Journal  Etty's  Picture  of  The  Duett, 
Wyatt's  Astronomer,  and  Wilkie*s  Bag- 
piper, all  in  the  Vernon  Gallery,  Mr.  Croll 
always  acknowledged  he  was  indebted  for 
his  proficiency  in  the  art  of  engraving. 
He  afterwards  engraved  for  the  same  series 
the  Tired  Soldier,  from  the  picture  by  F. 
Goodall,  A.R.A. 

While  thus  occupied  with  his  graver. 


Mr.  Cron  found  time  to  attend  tha  Mhaoli 
of  the  Sootish  Aemdemy,  under  the  dlne- 
tion  of  the  late  Sir  W.  Allen,  R.A.  whm 
tact  and  ability  to  impart  knowledge,  oom- 
bined  frith  a  readinew  on  the  part  of  tha 
young  student  to  reeetve  it,  enableil  the 
latter  to  beeome  a  rapetior  drenghtsmaa. 
This  gave  him  the  power  to  eBg;raTe  witt 
much  facility  and  oorreetnese,  eipeelaUj 
in  portraiture;  and  hence  he  was  ftc- 
quently  employed  by  the  Edlnboryh  pd^ 
lishers  in  the  ezecation  of  portraiti.  Hs 
was  one  of  a  few  engravera  oommlarioaed 
by  the  Scotish  Association  for  the  En- 
couragement of  Art,  to  engrave  a  lertai 
of  plates  from  ''The  Cottar's  Satordq 
Night,"  from  drawings  by  J.  Feed,  R.S^ 
While  on  the  subject  entmated  to  hli^ 
number  five  on  the  list,  the  dtscnso  wUd 
terminated  his  lifo  first  manifested  itsdf : 
he  died  soon  after  the  completion  of  thi 
plate. — Art  Joumsi. 


Ma.  David  YnDDsn. 

Feb.  11.  At  Newington,  near  Edla 
burgh,  in  his  64th  year,  Mr.  David  Veddsr 

Mr.  Vedder  had  been  a  large  oontribotoi 
to  periodicals,  and  was  the  author  of  sr 
vera!  poems,  of  which  the  first  pohUhed 
was  "  The  Covenanters*  Commanloa.*' 
The  next  was,— • 

Orcadian  Sketches  ;  legendary  and  ly 
rical  pieces.  Edinburgh,  1832.  12sM 
(A  volume  dedicated  to-  Ailan  Cnnai^ 
ham.) 

In  the  same  year  he  pabliahed,— 

A  Memoir  of  Shr  Walter  Scott,  wM 
critical  notices  of  his  writings.  Dondasi 
1832.     ISmo. 

And  subsequently — 

Poems,  Legendary,  Lyrical,  and  D» 
scriptive.  1849.  8vo. 

The  Pictorial  Gift-book  of  Lays  and 
Lithography.    Edinburgh,  1848.  4to. 

Tl)e  story  of  Reynard  the  Fox  :  a  net 
version.  Illustrated  by  the  dealgns  o 
Gustav  Cadtod.    4to.  1859. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

[r.  437.]  Rer.  WiKam  Faleit  Recter  of  Eecls 
8ton,  I.Anc.  was  of  BruenoM  coll.  QxfSord,  B.A 
1799,  H.A.  ffrand  coinpoander  180ft.  With  «■ 
exception  ho  was  the  oldest  clergymaa  In  tti 
deanery  of  Levland,  having  been  Itcctor  of  IVtIbb 
ton  for  upwards  of  forty  yvars. 

[r.  438.]  The  Kcv.  OtvaU  Ber^eami  ww  tta 
second  M>n  of  Wm.  Sergeant,  asa.  of  the  Ann  o 
Sercoant  and  MUnc,  eminent  soHcltan  In  Man 
clicKter.  He  was  the  flrst  Incumbent  of  the  rtlthkl 
purtnh  church  of  St.  Philip,  Salfard ;  whieh  ■» 
pointment  he  filled  with  considemble  pO|mlaitt 
ih>m  182.')  until  his  promotion  to  a  Fcllowsihlp  ti 
the  collof^tc  chapter  in  I83fl.  Be  was  DomBalii 
Chaplain  to  the  Dokeof  Sotheriaiid.  and  poMUMri 
a  faruwell  sermon  on  karing  St.  PhOipni,  flaiihiJ 
3  Feb.  1833 ;  and  a  sermon  on  tba  *^'*illan  Dali 
of  providing  Chorth  Acoommodattonlior  the 


1854.] 


Clergy  Deceased. 


663 


preached  in  the  collegiate  church  of  Manchester, 
Dec.  20,  \%Vi. 

Feb.  13.  On  his  homeward  voyage  for  the  resto- 
ration of  his  health,  aged  31,  the  Rev.  JatntM 
Chambers,  Jun.,  Head  Master  of  the  High  School, 
Jaincs  Town,  St.  Helena,  and  Government  In- 
siK'ctor  of  Schools  in  that  island.  He  was  of  All 
SouN"  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1843,  M.A.  1H49. 

Feb.  *23.  At  New  York,  U.S.  the  Ucv.  John  Ro- 
bert Williams,  eldest  son  of  the  Hev.  Henry  Wil- 
liain.x,  Kcetor  of  Lanedi,  co.  Cunnartlien. 

Alarch  21.  Aged  38,  the  Rov.  W.  F.  Apple/or  J, 
of  Toxtcth  Park,  Livcrx)ool. 

March  26.  At  Kochester-road,  Kentish-town, 
the  Rev.  niehard  BicktU,  Chaplain  to  the  Strand 
Union. 

Afarch  27.  At  St.  Kitt's,  the  Rev.  Henry  Jere- 
miah Ih/sou,  Vicar  of  Barking,  Essex  (1851).  He 
was  of  All  Souls*  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1846,  M.A. 
lt<.'>0.  His  wife,  Matilda,  died  on  the  preceding 
day. 

Afarch  28.  At  Funchal,  Madeira,  aged  24,  tlie 
r»ev.  Francis  Paierson,  of  Trinity  college,  Oxford  ; 
youuKc^it  son  of  James  Paterson,  esq.  of  Comwall- 
terriice,  Regent's  Park. 

At  the  vicarage,  Meifod,  co.  Montgomery,  aged 
63,  the  Rev.  John  Lloyd  Richards,  Perp.  Curate  of 
Llanwddyn,  co.  Montgomery  (1825). 

March  '2*J.  Ihe  Rev.  (feorge  Beamish,  Vicar  of 
TcinjiU'bryaii,  co.  Cork,  Curate  and  Uesidenttary 
Preacher  of  Ro««. 

March  Z\.  At  (ircat  Crosby,  in  the  parish  of 
Seftou,  Lancashire,  in  his  54th  year,  the  Rev. 
Richard  Walter,  Perp.  Curate  of  tliat  chapelry. 
llaviniT  l>ecn  a  short  time  Curate  of  Tarleton,  he 
wa^aftcrward.H,  for  fourteen  years,  Curate  of  North 
Mcols,  hi.H  native  parish.  On  the  appointment  of 
the  procnt  rector,  Mr.  Walker  conducted  a  ser- 
vice in  a  fichoolroom  among  the  Sandhills  of 
Southt>ort,  originally  built  and  occupied  by  the 
ImloiK-ndents.  Here  his  ministrations  were  highly 
npprociuted  l>y  <rowdcd  congregations.  In  1837 
lie  iKvanic  Ini  unil>cnt  of  Kulwood.in  the  pariali  of 
Sliellicld,  Mhich  lie  exchanged,  in  1844,  for  the 
cli.qiclry  of  Crunby  ;  and  the  same  year  was  pro- 
mote'I  liy  the  Rector*  of  Liverpool  to  the  new 
cliiircli  of  St.  Matthias  in  that  town,  which  he 
licM.  top'tlior  with  Crosby,  until  a  short  time  bc- 
lorc  lii>i  ile;itli.  In  the  pulpit  he  was  calm,  elo- 
(luci)t,  and  convincing.  The  cla-^sical  chasteness 
of  hi-<  c^n)^K^«^ition.'*,  whiNt  appreciated  by  the 
e<lu<at«^l,  was  conipreliended  by  tlie  humblest 
of  lii.s  li<  .ucrs.  1  Hiring  that  malignant  fever 
which  broke  out  in  Liverpool  some  years  ago, 
with  fcarle>N  <i)urajje,  he,  una»(li«te<l,  daily  visited 
the  -^ick  and  dymi,' ;  when  eight  Roman  Catholic 
luic-'t'^,  in  the  .«amc  district,  discharging  a  like 
duty,  irll  victims  to  the  scourge.  It  is  wortliy  of 
note  tliat  l>oth  churches  with  which  he  was  con- 
ncitcd  lijivc  been  sujH-rscded  by  new  ones  during 
hU  incumbency.  The  one  in  Llvcn>ool  was  taken 
doun  (lslO-Mi),  and  rebuilt  on  a  fresh  site,  and 
after  another  lioign,  in  order  to  make  way  for  the 
viaduct  of  the  Lancashire  and  Yorkhhire  Railway 
into  the  town  ;  and  at  Croeby  he  was  instrumental 
in  raisin:^  a  new  e<liflcc,  opened  in  December  last, 
i  he  IJishoji  of  Che!<tcr  consecrate<l  the  cemcterr 
on  the  nx^rning  of  the  funeral,  iu  onter  that  it 
nii^'ht  receive  Mr.  Walker's  remains. 

Apnl  3.  At  Itiingor,  aged  72,  the  Rer.  7%omas 
Fritrfi.i,  lute  \'icar  of  Mothvey,  Carmarthenshire. 
April ».  At  Hardway,  age<l  4'J,  the  Rev.  Darid 
Mxi'i,  Incumbent  of  South  Brewham,  Somerset 
(IM  tl ).  He  was  of  St.  Jolm's  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  \H2T,  M.A.  1H30. 

A]>nl  10.  At  Ipswich,  aged  82,  the  Rev. /oAii 
Rol>ert  Tunney,  formerly  Chaplain  of  the  Suffolk 
(iiuiity  (laol.  He  was  of  Corpus  Chrlsti  college, 
Cambridge,  LL.B.  1H06. 

April  13.  At  V'irgemotmt,  Clonnkea,  aged  38, 
tlu-  Rev.  Rofu-rt  11.  Jleritage,  Curate  of  St.  Wer- 
burgh's,  Dublin. 

Apiil  10.  .\t  I>or*et  cottage,  near  Worcester, 
at^ed  7>^,  the  Rev.  yViUiam  Rqh  Holdm,  M.A.    He 


was  formerly  Fellow  of  Worcester  college,  Oxford, 
where  he  graduated  B.A.  1799,  M.A.  1802. 

Aged  83,  the  Rev.  Richard  MasHe,  Rector  of 
Eccleston,  Cheshire.    lie  was  descended  fh)m  one 
of  the  oldest  families  in  the  county,  whose  genea- 
logy will  be  found  in  Burke's  Landed  Gentry; 
and  was  tlie  only  child  of  Thomas  Massie,  esq.  of 
Coddington,  by  Klizabctli,  daughter  of  Nathanid 
Marriot,  esq.  of  Cheshunt,  Herts.    He  was  edu> 
cated  at  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  B.A.  1794,  M.A.  1805.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  curacy  of  Tarvin,  and  thence  removed  to 
Coddington ;  but  settled  in  Chester  in  1803,  and 
resided  there  until  1839,  in  charge  of  the  small 
parish  of  St.  Bride's.    His  (UthfUl  ministrations 
still  live  in  tlic  memory  of  his  poor  and  aged 
parishioners ;  they  were  constantly  bestowed  upon 
the  Infirmary  and  Penitentiary,  and  the  former 
institution  was  indebted  to  him  for  an  early  Sun- 
day service.    At  length  the  Marquess  of  Westmin- 
ster conferred  upon  him  the  vicarage  of  Eccleston, 
where  he  had  since  resided  for  twenty-two  years. 
He  married  in  179G  Hester-Lee,  eldest  daughter  of 
Colonel  Townshend,  of  Chester,  and  sister  to  the 
late  Edw.  Townshend,  esq.  of  Wincham,  and  had  the 
patriarchal  number   of  twenty-two  children,  of 
whom  eighteen  arrived  at  mature  age.    The  per- 
sonal superintendence  of  their  education  was  to 
him  no  less  a  matter  of  stem  necessity  than  of 
tender  interest;  but,  by  the  aid  of  masters,  in 
which  the  city  of  Chester  was  not  deficient,  ho 
was  enabled  to  accomplish  the  entire  education  of 
his  daughters  and  the  early  instmction  of  his  sons. 
Their  names  will  be  found  in  Burke's  Landed 
Oentry.    Frances-Maria  his  third  daughter  was 
married  in  1827  to  the  Rer.  G.  B.  Blomfleld,  l*re- 
bendary  of  Chester,  and   Rector  of  Stevenage, 
Herts,  brother  to  the  Bishop  of  London. 

April  17.  At  Withington,  Shropshire,  aged  77, 
the  itev.  Corbet  Brovene^  Rector  of  Upton  Magna 
in  that  county  (1H08).  He  was  of  St.  Jolm's  col- 
lege, (Cambridge,  B.A.  1796. 

Apr  a  19.  At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  30,  the 
Rev.  Henry  Makohn  de  la  Condamine,  M.A.  Master 
of  the  Bhkckheath  Proprietary  School.  He  was  of 
St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1846. 

April  20.  At  Sidmouth,  aged  38,  the  Rev. 
17Mn<u  BraOs/ord,  of  Christ's  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1846 ;  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Brailsford,  esq.  of 
Toft  (Grange,  Lincolnshire. 

At  Rose  Hill,  Bobbing,  Kent,  aged  69,  the  Rer. 
Oeorye  Simpson,  Vicar  of  Bobbing  (1818),  and  of 
Warden  (1821),  in  the  same  county. 

April  73.  In  his  70th  year,  the  Rer.  Henrf 
ninxman,  Perp.  Curate  of  St.  Sampson's  (Solant, 
in  Cornwall  (1854).  He  was  the  only  son  of  the 
late  Henry  Hinxman,  esq.  of  Irychurch,  Wilts. 

April  25.  At  Eastgate  house,  Gkmcester,  in 
consequence  of  a  fall  from  his  carriage,  the  Rev. 
Bei\famin  Saunders  Clcurson,  D.D.  Vicar  of  Sand- 
hurst, near  that  city.  He  was  of  Worcester  col- 
lege, Oxford,  B.A.  1819,  M.A.  1820,  B.D.  1827, 
DJO.  1830.  Ife  has  left  a  widow,  but  no  children. 
At  Halifkx,  Nova  Scotia,  the  Rer.  TVxM  ITtomat 
Jones,  M.A.  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Jones,  esq. 
of  Franklyn,  near  Exeter. 

April  26.  At  Whitchurch,  Salop,  in  hJs  53nd 
year,  the  Rev.  Aaron  Arrovsmith.  He  was  of 
Magdalene  hall,  Oxford,  B.A.  1836,  M.A.  1839. 

April  27.  At  Duudrum,  co.  DuMln,  aged  6S, 
the  Her.  Joseph  Fletcher,  DJ>.  of  Donran,  eo. 
WicUow,  and  Rector  of  CJastlemacadam. 

At  Cradley,  Hereford^re,  aged  62,  the  Very 
Rer.  Charles  Scctt  Lmsmoore^  Dean  of  St.  Asapb, 
Chancellor  of  the  same  diocese,  a  Prebendary  of 
Hereford,  and  Rector  of  Cradley,  of  Bromyard 
second  portion,  and  of  Dftrowen.  He  was  the 
eldest  son  of  the  Right  Rev.  John  Ltuunoore,  D.D. 
successively  Bishop  of  Herelind  and  St.  Asaph 
(memoirs  of  whom  will  be  fbond  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  vol.  c.  i.  272,  U.  649)  by  MIm 
Barnard,  niece  to  l>r.  Fxlward  Barnard,  lYorott 
of  Eton.  He  was  of  St.  John's  collate,  CunbrMge, 
B.A.  1815,  as  first  Senior  Optfxne,  M.A.  1818; 


664 


Obituary. 


[Jane, 


and  WAS  indebted  to  hi«  father  for  all  his  prc- 
fermentA.  He  was  collated  by  the  Bishop  to 
the  sinecnre  portion  of  Bromyard  in  1815,  to  the 
rectory  of  Gradley  in  1816,  and  to  the  sinecure 
rectory  of  Dftrowen,  co.  Montgomery,  in  1819. 
He  became  a  Canon  of  Hereford  in  1815,  and  Dean 
of  St.  Asaph  in  1826.  His  brother  the  Rev.  John 
Henry  Montague  Lnxmoore,  Canon  of  St.  Asaph, 
is  scarcely  leas  richly  beneficed.  The  Dean  married 
Catharine,  youngest  daughter  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Sir  John  NichoII,  and  she  died  Nor.  20,  1830,  in 
her  32nd  year.  His  body  was  interred  in  the 
catliedral  of  St  Asaph,  having  been  conveyed 
thither  by  way  of  Chester  and  Bryn  Asaph,  the 
residence  of  the  Misses  Luxmoore,  his  sisters. 
The  chief  mourner,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  M.  Luxmoore, 
was  followed  by  the  Rev.  H.  Barnard,  C.  Franks, 
esq.  Rev.  C.  T.  C.  Luxmoore,  Dr.  Tumour,  and 
Messrs.  Wyatt  and  Sisson. 

April  28.  At  Tarrington,  Herefordshire,  in  liis 
73rd  year,  the  Rev.  Thomai  Prcmkerd  Phelps, 
Vicar  of  that  parish  (1832).  He  was  of  Hertford 
college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1803,  M.A.  1806. 

At  Alvechurch,  Wore,  aged  82,  the  Rev.  John 
Frederick  Tonyn,  for  more  than  fifty-two  years 
Rector  of  that  parish.  He  was  of  Queen's  college, 
Oxford,  B.A.  1795,  M.A.  1800. 

April  29.  At  Dundalk,  aged  83,  the  Rev.  EHtu 
Thackeray,  Vicar  of  Dundalk  (1803),  and  Rector 
of  Ix>uth,  Ireland,  (1823).  He  was  fomferly  Fel- 
low of  King's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1796, 
M.A.  1799. 

May  1.  At  Brighton,  aged  80,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Clarke,  Af.A.  He  was  of  Exeter  college,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1795,  M.A.  1798. 

Aged  63,  the  Rev.  IViUiam  Elwyn,  Perp.  Curate 
of  Loose,  Kent  C18I6).  He  was  formerly  Fellow 
of  Corpus  Christi  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1812, 
as  11th  Wrangler,  M.A.  1815. 

At  St.  Neot's,  CO.  Huntingdon,  aged  61,  the 
Rev.  John  Green,  Vicar  of  that  parish  ( 1840).  He 
was  of  St.  Catharine's  hall,  Cambridge,  B.D. 
1835. 

May  3.  At  Limerick,  aged  50,  the  Rev.  Robert 
Stareley,  M.A.  of  Trinity  college,  Dublin,  Prebend- 
ary and  Rector  of  St.  Munchin's. 

May  4.  At  Wycliffc,  YorkshhD,  aged  85,  the 
Ven.  John  Ileadlam,  Archdeacon  of  Richmond  and 
Rector  of  Wycliffe.  He  was  of  Lincoln  college, 
Oxford,  B.A.  1790,  M.A.  1792  ;  was  presented  to 
Wycliffein  1793;  appointed  Archdeacon  of  Rich- 
mond in  1826,  and  Chancellor  of  Rlpon  in  1846. 
He  had  for  fifty  years  acted  as  a  magistrate,  and 
was  for  many  years  CHiairman  of  the  North-Riding 
Sessions.  His  body  was  Interred  at  Wycliffe.  His 
eldest  son,  Thomas  Emerson  Headlam,  esq.  is  a 
Queen's  Counsel,  and  one  of  the  members  for 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

At  his  re&idcnce  at  Kensington,  aged  38,  the 
Rev.  Thoma*  Ward,  late  Chaplain  to  the  Ix>ndon 
Hospital.  He  was  of  New  Inn  hall,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1838. 

May  5.  Tlie  Rev.  Edmund  Southcomb,  Rector 
of  Rose  Ash,  Devonshire  ( 1822).  He  was  formerly 
Fellow  of  Sidney  Sussex  college,  (Cambridge,  B.A. 
1816, M.A.  1818. 

May  8.  At  St.  George's  rectory,  St.  Asaph,  the 
Rev.  John  Jones,  for  24  years  Rector  of  that  parish, 
a  Vicar  Choral  of  the  Clathedral,  and  Rural  Dean 
of  tlie  Denbigh  deanery. 

May  9.  In  Finsbury  circus,  aged  68,  the  Rev. 
Jofm  Phillips  Bean,  Incumbent  of  St.  Mary  Alder- 
manbury,  and  late  Sur  Master  of  St.  Paul's 
School.  He  was  of  Corpus  Christi  college,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1809,  M.A.  1813,  and  was  elected 
to  the  incumbency  of  St.  Mary  Aldermanbury  in 
1843. 

May  10.  At  Bootham,  near  York,  aged  71, 
the  Rev.  William  Leonard  Pickard,  Rector  of  All 
Saints,  in  that  city  (1818),  and  Vicar  of  RofforUi 
(1821). 

May  14.  At  Portsea,  the  Rev.  Richard  John 
JSeobeU  Valentine,  BJk.  Incumbent  of  the  Holy 
lYinlty  church,  and  attrrogatQ  Vn  ttxt  county  of 

13 


Hants.    He  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A. 1849. 

May  15.  At  Hlghgate,  Middleiex,  aged  54,  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Henry  CausUm,  Perp.  Curate  of  the 
district  church  of  St.  Michael's,  Highgate.  He 
was  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  B.A.  1823,  MJL 
1825. 


DEATHS, 

ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  OILDEB. 

June  26,  1 853.  At  Hongkong,  aged  45,  William 
Gribble,  esq.  surgeon,  late  of  Tenby. 

Sept.  7.  At  Edinburgh,  Colonel  WUliam  Bal- 
vaird,  C.B.  late  of  the  Rifle  brigade.  He  entered 
the  service  in  1803,  became  Lieutenant  1804,  Cap- 
tain 1805,  MiOor  1813,  Lieut.-Colonel  1817,  and 
Colonel  1837.  He  served  in  the  Peninsula  with 
the  Rifle  brigade,  and  received  the  gold  medal  and 
a  clasp  for  the  battles  of  the  Nirelle  and  Nive,  and 
the  silver  war  medal  with  six  clasps  for  Bosaco, 
Fuentes  d'Onor,  Cludad  Rodrigo,  Badges  (where 
he  was  severely  wounded),  Salamanca,  and  the 
l*yrenees. 

Dec.  3.  In  New  Zealand,  Alice,  wife  of  James 
Deck,  esq.  formerly  of  the  Madras  N.  I.  eldest 
dan.  of  the  Rev.  S.  Feild,  Rector  of  Hatherielgb, 
Devon. 

Dec.  25.  At  Sydney,  N.  S.  Wales,  aged  23,  Mr. 
Henry  M.  Myers,  eldest  son  of  B.  Myers,  esq. 
Exeter. 

Jan.  11.  At  Collingwood,  N.  S.  Wales,  aged  51, 
Samuel  Knott,  MJ).  formerly  of  Carlisle. 

Jan.  27.  At  the  house  of  Samuel  Law,  in  Knox 
county.  East  Tennessee,  North  America,  in  hii 
70th  year,  William  Forster,of  Norwich,  a  wealthy 
and  benevolent  member  of  the  Society  of  Frienda, 
the  contemporary  and  intimate  associate  of  Eliza- 
beth Fry,  Sir  Fowell  Buxton,  and  Joseph  John 
Oumcy.  He  went  to  America  last  autoxnn,  to 
carry  petitions  to  the  Slave  states  of  the  Union  in 
behalf  of  the  oppressed  negroes.  About  fifteen 
jrears  ago  he  nearly  sunk  when  visiting  that 
country  for  religious  objects. 

Feb.  1.  At  Buenos  Ayres,  Thomas  Bass  Oliver, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Barfbot  Oliver, 
esq.  late  of  Quomdon  Hall,  Leic. 

Feb.  11.  At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Frederick 
Sawbridgc  Wright  Cator,  Madras  service,  fourth 
son  of  Rev.  Cliarles  Cator,  Rector  oS  Stokesley, 
Yorkshire. 

Fdt.  25.  At  C^llao,  on  board  H.  M.  ship  Trin- 
comalee,  of  yellow  fever,  aged  21,  Lieut.  James 
Sanmarez,  R.N.  youngest  son  of  Rear- Admiral 
Saumarec,  K.L. 

March  5.  At  Jaunla,  East  Indies,  Capt.  Archi- 
bald Macdonald,  I8th  N.I.  third  son  of  the  Ven. 
Archdeacon  Macdonald. 

March  6.  At  Meean  Meer,  Lahore,  Brigadier- 
Gen.  Sir  James  Tennant,  Bengal  Artillery.  He 
was  nominated  a  K.C.B.  in  1852. 

March  8.  At  the  C^pe  of  Good  Hope,  aged  23, 
Lieut.  Creorge  Walton  Onslow,  Madras  Art.  eldest 
son  of  Brisker  G.  W.  Onslow,  and  grandson  of 
the  Rev.  G.  W.  Onslow,  of  Dunsborough  House, 
Ripley,  Surrey. 

March  9.  At  St.  Petersburgh,  aged  43,  Lieut.- 
(}olonel  Henry  Nicholson  Bradford,  late  in  the 
service  of  the  Emperor  of  Russia. 

March  15.  At  Burhampore,  aged  33,  (Taptain 
Peter  Frazer  Ottley,  48th  Madras  N.  Inf. 

March  16.  At  Mhow,  India,  Lieut  C.  F.  Hunter 
Blair,  22nd  Madras  N.  Inf.  son  of  Sir  D.  Hunter 
Blair,  Bart. 

March  17.  At  Madeira,  Alexander  HiUer,  MJ>. 
of  Park-st.  Grosvenor-sq. 

March  18.  At  Bahia,  aged  16,  Albert-BlchaM, 
son  of  Richard  Rideout,  esq.  and  grandson  of  the 
late  Rev.  R.  R.  Rideout,  of  Motcoml>e,  Dorset. 

March  19.  At  Lima,  of  yellow  fever,  aged  17, 
Hugh,  eldest  son  of  Edward  Mackey,  esq.  m.  Erd* 
ington,  Warw. 


1864.] 


OlIITtfART. 


665 


March  27.  At  Green  Bank,  aged  36,  Marsiffefc, 
wife  of  Thomas  James  Backhoose,  esq.  of  west 
Hendon  House,  Sunderland. 

March  28.  Aged  33, RoberUGhatfleld,  third  son 
of  the  late  Abraham  Clarke,  esq.  of  Newport. 

March  30.  Henry  James  Franks,  M.b.  honse- 
surgeon  to  the  Wameford  hospital,  Leamington, 
and  Fellow  of  Queen's  college,  Birmingham. 

In  St.  James's-sq.  Harriet,  widow  of  George 
Brng,  esq.  M.P.  for  Middlesex.  She  was  the  dan. 
of  Sir  Wm.  Montgomery,  Bart,  of  Peeble8,co.  Wig- 
ton.    She  was  left  a  widow  in  Jan.  1847. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  88,  Mrs.  Hannah  Camp- 
bell, sister  of  the  late  Rev.  Archibald  C<din  Camp- 
bell, of  Watling-<treet. 

At  Colchester,  aged  67,  Joseph  Carter  Elsdell,  eeq. 

At  Lower  Clapton,  aged  88,  Miss  Dorcfthy  Far- 
rell. 

Aged  78,  Mrs.  Charlotte  Fletcher,  of  Chelaea, 
and  formerly  of  Bedfbrd,  widow  of  M^for  Jceeph 
Fletcher,  12th  Bengal  K.  Inf. 

In  Brunswick-pl.  Walworth-road,aged  8S,  Henry 
Grant,  esq.  late  a  member  of  the  Sto^  Kxchange. 

At  Westerham ,  Kent ,  aged  57 ,  Robert  Kklder,  esq. 

At  Brampton,  aged  55,  Mr.  Anthony  Lawson, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Rer.  Anthony  LawMOy 
master  of  the  Grammar  School. 

In  Glonee»ter-pl.  Regent's-sq.  Lucy,  widow  of 
Edward  Leese,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  Lieut-Col.  Norman  Maclean, 
C.B.  late  of  ftdth  Regt.  and  of  Eastbourne  terrace, 
London. 

At  Weybridge,  in  her  78th  year,  Frances^nUa, 
widow  of  Thomas  Martin,  esq.  of  Uverpool,  who 
is  noticed  in  the  Obituar>'  of  our  Magazine  ibr  May 
1850. 

At  Aylesbury,  aged  88,  Mary,  widow  of  WllUam 
Rickford,  esq.  M.P.  (br  Aylesbury,  who  died  on  the 
14th  of  June  last  (see  his  memofar  in  p.  SSI). 

G.  R.  Scatcherd,  24th  Bombay  N.I.,  third  ion  of 
the  late  J.  S.  Scatcherd,  H.E.I.C.S. 

March  31 .  Aged  30,  Mr.  T.  L.  Wade,  wm  of-tbe 
late  Lieut.  William  John  Wade,  R.N. 

At  Morton,  near  Gainfbrd,  aged  91,  Henry 
Wade,  esq.  late  of  Headlam. 

April  \.  At  Funchal,  Madeira,  aged  30,  Chaa.- 
Henr>',  eldest  son  of  Henry  Joseph  Gherer,  esq.  of 
Acacia-road,  St.  John's-wood. 

At  Brusseb,  aged  76,  Catherine,  wife  of  George 
Williaun  Leo,  esq.  late  of  Hyde  Park-et.  and  the 
United  States. 

Apnl  4.  Aged  64,  Miss  Cardew,  dan.  of  Dr. 
Cardcw,  Cornwall. 

Aged  45,  Mr.  Samuel  Gauntlett,  third  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  H.  Gauntlett,  Vicar  of  Olney,  Bucks. 

April  6.  In  Thayer-st.  aged  93,  Marr,  reUct  of 
Vernon  Knight,  esq.  sister  of  the  late  Her.  J<rtin 
White,  Rector  of  Hardwick,  Bucks,  and  Freb.  of 
Salisbury. 

April  7.  At  Bourton,  Dorset,  a^ed  67,  Ueat. 
Matthew  Evans,  on  retired  full-pay  B.  Art. 

In  Alpha-pl.  Regent's-park,  aged  67,  wnUam 
Jones,  esq. 

At  Ruswarp,  near  Whitby,  a^ed  57,  Robert 
Braithwaite,  esq.  shipowner. 

At  Bayswater,  aged  63,  Anthony  Calvert  Ec- 
cleston,csq. 

Aged  80,  Miss  Mary  Ann  Hunt,  of  Hanover-«t. 
Islington. 

At  Cavendish-sq.  aged  32,  Catherine-Loniaa- 
Georgina  Manners,  wife  of  the  Right  Hon.  Lord 
John  Manners,  M.P.  She  was  the  only  dan.  of 
the  late  Colonel  Marlay,  was  married  on  the  10th 
Juno,  1851 ,  and  has  left  issue  a  son,  i^nry-John- 
Brinslcy,  bom  in  1852.  On  the  12th  Mardi  she 
gave  birth  to  a  daughter,  who  was  named  EdMi- 
Katharine-lMary,  and  died  on  the  34th.  Her  Lady- 
ship, having  been  attacked  with  scarlet  fiBver,  sank 
after  a  painful  illness. 

Mary,  third  dan.  of  the  late  Jerendah  Morgan, 
esq.  of  Bonham,  Wilts. 

At  Aberystwrith,  aged  65,  Roderick  Eardley 
Richardes,  esq.  of  Penglais,  Cardigaoahlre. 

At  Sandwich,  aged  80,  Mrs.  SoUy. 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLL 


At  Bric^ton,  Fentfopft43arah,  ivtfb  of  Edward 
WDberforoe  Unwin,  eeq. 

At  Woobnm  Honae,  Bocka,  a^ed  61|  Anne-Rath, 
reUct  of  wmiam  Venahlea,  esq.  Aldarman  and 
Lord  Mayor  of  London. 

At  the  Man<Mr  House,  Bampton,  aged  66,  ¥n- 
deriek  Whitaker,  esq.  JnaHoe  of  the  Feaee  and 
Deputy  Lieutenant  of  Qxfordahire. 

At  Mallow,  aced  86,  Joaepfa  Dooghty  Wfatdham^ 
esq.  late  Capt.  lit  Foot,  yonngeat  son  of  the  late 
yioe>Admiral  Windham,  by  Anne,  dan.  of  Peter 
TheUuflson,  esq. 

4pra8.  At  Exeter,  snddenly,  Mary-Beckford* 
widow  of  Charlea  Bem^eiq.  of  Devoc^Ure-pl. 

At  Preston  Hall,  near  Edinburgh,  WllUam  Burn 
Callander,  eaq. 

At  Wocdwich,  Dorothea-Anne,  wfib  of  the  Bev. 
Jamea  C.  Connelly,  Chaplain  of  Woolwich  Doek- 
yard. 

Julie,  wife  of  Lieat  Henry  Hflp^Cnriock,  90th 
Begt  yonngert  dan.  of  AHwuniiar  HaMMd,  eaq. 
B^de  Fark-terr. 

In  London,  aged  81,  Mr.  BenJamhi  Fbieh,  third 
aon  of  the  late  Jamea  Finch,  eaq.  of  Colelieatar. 

In  Upper  Harley-at  Edward- Arhnthnot,  third 
aon  of  Robert  von  Glehn,  esq. 

At  Landdde,  Devon,  aged  86,  Henry  Dvwtaej 
Harvey,  «iq. 

At  Hammeramith,  aged  46.  Joaqih  Hayes,  eaq. 

At  Bangor  rectory,  FUntihlre,  aged  61,  Jnlia, 
wiiB  of  the  Rev.  G.  A.  E.  Manh. 

Aged  46,  Anne  wife  of  Mr.  FtandaPiloe,  of  Bar- 
wdl  Fielda,  yonngeat  dan.  of  Wm.  Hmt  Power, 
eaq.  fermeny  of  Barwell  Hooae. 

At  Hadleigh,  Snffiolk,  aged  St,  Mr.  Aittrar 
Band,  student  at  Qm'B  HoB|ittal. 

At  Weat  vma,  Wetherby,  aged  89,  Fhuiet^ 
widow  of  Edward  Blehardaon,  eeq.  of  Bend  Bndi 
Knareeboroni^. 

At  Kenslngtoa.  aged  86,  Flraneea-Marfai-RMlMlt 
widow  of  Jomi  Henry  Bougemont,  eaq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  88,  Ueot-CoL  Thoa.  Tmstj 
Trkkey.  He  married  Eliaabetti,  dan.  of  Ltont.-* 
Ool.  Wtniam  HBl,  and  sUter  to  Uent-Col.  C.  M. 
Hm,  of  the  10th  regt 

Aged  31,  Jamea-WnUam,  aon  of  WQllam  Sfaiglo- 
ton,  esq.  aoUdtor. 

At  Hasttnga,  Hantett-EUsabeth,  eidert  dan.  of 
John  Waite,  eaq.  of  Sh^ypon  Honae,  Berka. 

AgHl9.  In  Jamea  street,  Weatbovne-torr.  aged 
78,  Elizebeth,  eideat  diA.  of  the  late  Hemy  Amott, 
esq.  of  Bnckiiigham-at  Stmd. 

in  London,  Med  99,  JttMa,  yaamreat  aon  of  John 
Clancy,  esq.  ofKOnemiDai^,  DobUn. 

In  Upner  Berkeley-et,  aged  78,  Mii.  DiaiiWl« 
nUct  of  ^amea  Danieil,  eaq. 

At  mrkland,  Kendal,  aged  88,  Mn.  Demrim. 

AX  Weaton-eaper-Mare,  Mary^Amie,  nllet  of 
Andrew  Doran,  eeq.  of  HeavHree. 

In  London,  aged  69,Bnuna,only  das.  of  the  late 
Thomaa  Grimaloii,  esq.  of  OtIbikoq  Garth  and 
KUnwIck-JuxtA-Waltoo. 

At  Holiford  Honae,  BegentfliKpaife,  aged  •6* 
Jamea  Heiferd,  eaq. 

At  Norwich,  aged  89,  Mra.  Franeea  Jex. 

At  St  Leonard's-on-Sea.  aged  88.Thomaa  More- 
ton  Ledaam,  third  aon  of  jT  F.  Ledaam,  eaq.  of 
Chad  HaU,  near  Birmingham. 

At  Edgbaaton,  Sarah,  aecond  dan.  of  the  lati 
John  Ltakwood,  eaq. 

At  Breeon,  Anne-Sophie,  fourth  dan.  of  the  late 
Henry  Lneas,  MJ).  Brecon. 

At  HoUywood<<rove,  New  Brompton,  aged  76. 
Sophim  refiet  of  fidiard  NUbet,  eaqTof  the  Hon. 
Eaatlndie  Company'a  tete  Maritfane  Senrloe. 

At  South  Petherton,  aged  60,  the  Bev.  Edward 
I,  fer  80  yeara.  mfaiiater  of  RoondweO- 


EIiaaheUi-Ann.wlfeof  Thomaa  flearaaant,  ewi. 
and  rei&et  of  WilHam  BredmeB,  eaq.  of  IdfaigtaB. 


At  Tnnbrldge  WeOa,  Loolaa-lSardi,  wife  of  Jaa. 
Sutton,  esq. 

iJoiGk,  StuaanabydML  of  the  late  John  Wblt« 
meU,eaq. 

4Q 


666 


Obituahy. 


[Joney 


April  10.  At  Rome,  JalU,  wife  of  Ctpt.  Briatow, 
and  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Gen.  Henry  R«* 
leigh  Knight. 

Sabina,  wife  of  Heniy  Caolier,  esq.  of  Her  Ma- 
jesty's Customs  and  PlaLrtow. 

At  Horsham,  M.  B.  Cowie,  etq.  HJ). 

In  London*st.  Fit;uroy-8q.  aged  60,  James  Jones, 
esq.  sorgeon. 

At  Carlisle,  Dora,  wife  of  W.  0.  C.  Monins,  eitq. 

Aged  75,  Baker  Morrell,  esq.  of  St.  Giles's, 
Oxford. 

At  Charlton  King's,  Cheltenham,  aged  44,  Mr. 
Charles  Paul,  architect,  sometime  secretary  of  the 
Cheltenham  and  Oxford  Railway  Company. 

At  Ormond  Cottages,  Ormond-road,  Old  Kent 
road,  aged  63,  Joseph  T.  Wilthew,  ^q. 

April  11.  At  Bedford-aq.  aged  77,  Caroline, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Alexander,  of  Rayne, 
Essex. 

At  Dorking,  aged  76,  Capt.  Joseph  Balchin. 

At  Brandon  House,  Norfolk,  Mary,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  J.  T.  Barrett,  DJ). 

At  Teignmoath,  aged  77,  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
Samuel  James  Squire,  etq.  of  Plymouth,  solicitor. 

At  Bruges,  aged  60,  William  Turner,  esq.  a  ma- 
gistrate  and  Deputy-Lieut,  of  Oxfordshire. 

In  Bayswater,  aged  58,  Matthew  Wilson,  esq.  of 
Great  Queen-st.  Lincoln's-inn-fields. 

April  12.  At  Walcot,  near  Brigg,  aged  25, 
Richard  Raymond  Cumberland,  Lieut.  61st  Bengal 
N.Inf. 

At  GroTe  House,  Topsham,  aged  78,  Hannah 
Luckis,  relict  of  Robert  Drewe,  esq. 

Aged  76.  Anne,  wife  of  Thomas  Edwards,  of 
Bapton  Hall,  Norfolk,  one  of  tlie  Society  of  Friends. 

At  Andover,  aged  72,  Stephen  Judd,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  Bury-et  St.  Mary  Axe,  at  an 
advanced  age,  Don  Paciflco,  a  well-known  name  in 
foreign  politics.  He  was  interred  in  the  burial- 
ground  of  the  Spanish  and  Portuguese  Jews,  Mile- 

At  York,  aged  6,  Susanna-Ada,  youngest  dan.  of 
the  Rev.  £.  I.  Raines. 

Aged  56,  Grace,  wife  of  G.  Sercombe,  esq.  mer* 
chant,  of  Exeter. 

At  Camberwell-grove,  Frances,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Stackhouse,  esq. 

At  Dursley,  Glouc.  aged  73,  George  Vixard,  esq. 

April  13.  At  Shermanbnry-nark,  Sussex,  Caro-* 
line,  third  dau.  of  Stephen  Oisler  Challen,  esq. 

At  the  Tiverton-road-«tation,  on  the  Bristol  and 
Exeter  Railway,  suddenly,  aged  74,  Isaac  Toogood 
Coward,  esq.  of  Newton  Abbot,  formerly  Lieut, 
in  the  army.  The  deceased  gentleman  left  hia 
homo  in  his  usual  health  on  a  visit  to  his  brother 
At  Tiverton,  and  had  only  just  reached  the  sta- 
tion when  the  melancholy  event  took  place. 

At  Princess-terr.  R^s^t's-park,  George  Dyer, 
esq.  of  the  Bank  of  England,  surviving  his  wife 
only  16  days. 

At  Ghip^ng  Ongar,  aged  84,  Charlotte,  widow 
of  Brooke  Baincs  Surlock,  esq. 

At  Bath,  Thomas  Luff,  esq.  a  connection  by 
marriage  of  the  late  celebrated  Dr.  Jenner. 

In  consequence  of  a  carriage  accident,  by  which 
he  was  thrown  over  the  bridge  at  Cralgne  upon 
the  rocky  banks  of  the  river  Nairn,  John  Mao- 
pherson,  esq.  of  Heath  cottage,  near  InvanaeaSj 
uncle  to  Mr.  Mackintosh,  of  Holm. 

James  Palmer,  esq.  of  Notting-hill. 

At  Hampton-court  Palace,  aged  70,  Charlotte 
Augusta,  widow  of  the  Right  Hon.  Joseph  Planta. 

On  her  passage  firom  India,  on  board  the  Hy- 
daspes,  Jane  Charlotte,  wife  of  Surgeon  Shillito, 
61st  Bengal  N.I. 

In  Francis-st.  Tottenham-court-road,  aged  71, 
Mary  West,  widow,  slitter  of  the  late  Dr.  Gideon 
Algernon  Mantel  I. 

At  Clapham-common,  at  an  advanced  age, 
Lydia,  widow  of  John  Broadley  Wilson,  esq. 

April  14.  At  Chelmsford,  aged  76,  George 
Brown,  esq. 

Aged  81,  Wm.  Docking,  esq.  of  North  WaUbam, 
Andl^rmwly  of  Hautboia  and  KoUvib?, 


At  Blosham,  Oxon,  Catb«rin^  eldest  Aaa.  of 
the  late  Thomas  Eagle,  esq.  of  Allealegr,  Wanr, 

In  Brunswick-sq.  aged  77,  Wm.  FlaiiMlert,  esq. 

At  LlanfUr  Vicarage,  Merion.  aged  19,  Fwe- 
rick-Madoz,  only  survlvinff  child  of  the  Rev.  Ttio- 
mas  Griffith. 

In  Regengr-sq.  Brighton,  aged  62,  Elia,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  William  Hanson. 

By  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  gvn,  aged  12, 
Walter-Rowsell,  third  son  ofW.T.  Booper,  en. 
of  the  East  Indte  House,  and  Hehoa  Lodi^,  Wal- 
thamstow. 

At  Grove-hill  House,  Camberwell,  aged  29, 
Emma,  eldest  dau.  of  tbh  late  Thomas  Kcj^  eeq. 

Aged  56,  Colin  Mackenzie,  esq.  late  (tf  /«dd-pl. 
East 

At  Dedham,  Essex,  aged  42,  the  Hon.  Georgina 
Isabella,  wife  of  William  Penrose,  esq.  of  Lahjne, 
CO.  of  Cork,  and  sister  of  Lord  Keane.  She  was 
the  second  dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  Lord 
G.C.B.  and  was  married  in  1840. 

At  Andover,  aged  50,  Hemr  Pitman,  eaq. 

At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Anne  Mereillna,  wife  of 
F.  G.  Probart,  esq.  M  J>. 

In  Montagn-sq.  aged  79.  Harriet-EUaabeth, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Wimam  PycrofI,  eaq.  of 
Edmonton. 

In  Bedford-sq.  aged  59,  George  Schc^field,  eaq. 

AprU  15.  Aged  90,  Mrs.  Ben  tall,  mother  of  Mr. 
A.  A.  Bentall,  of  the  Parsonage  Farm,  Bemen 
Roding. 

At  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Editha,  wife  of  Qeoiva 
Cowell,  esq.  and  dau.  of  David  Espenett,  eaq.  late 
of  Tenterden,  leaving  five  chUdren  to  depkre 
their  loss. 

At  Guilton  rectory,  Kent,  aged  66,  Mary,  wife 
of  Charles  Delmar,  esq. 

At  Hackney,  aged  69,  Alexander  Gondge,  esq. 

At  Newton  Stacey,  near  Andover,  aged  81, 
Leonard  Lywood,  esq. 

At  Horsham,  aged  79,  Charlotte  Phoebe,  rettet 
of  Capt.  Richard  MaiTiott,  of  the  E.I.O.  aarvlee, 
and  youngest  dan.  of  Peter  Da  Cane,  eaq.  for* 
merly  of  Braxted-park,  Eaaex,  and  of  Honliaai. 

At  Melton  Mowbray,  Sarah,  widow  of  Geofgl 
OaJceley,  esq.  of  Cramlin,  co.  Dublin. 

At  Uplands,  near  Fareham,  Hants,  the  raaideaos 
of  her  nephew,  Frances  Margaretta  Parke,  laei 
aorvlving  child  of  the  late  John  Parke,  eaq.  of 
London. 

At  Menchion  House,  Witheridge,  aged  67,  Jebn 
Partridge,  esq. 

In  Upper  Southwick-st.  aged  67,  Colonel  James 
Payler,  late  of  10th  Foot.  He  entered  the  army 
in  1803,  served  hi  Sicily  in  1806  and  7  ;  the  cam- 
paign of  1806-9  under  Sir  John  Moore,  and  sobee- 
qnently  in  the  Peninsula  under  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington, including  the  battle  of  Fnenteo  d'Oner, 
siege  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo,  and  the  battles  of  ttio 
^velle  and  Nive,  for  wliich  he  received  the  war 
medal  with  four  clasps.  He  attained  the  rank  of 
MiUor  1814,  Lieut..Colonel  1823,  Colonel  1838. 

Aged  66,  James  Russell,  esq.  late  of  Park-pl.  ftt. 
James's,  and  Croydon,  Sorrey. 

Aged  27,  Mary-Esther,  wife  of  William  Waak- 
lyn,Jun.  esq.  GrMnbank,  Bury,  and  eldest  dan. 
of  0.  0.  Walker,  esq.  Chesham,  Bury. 

At  North  Nibley,  Glouc.  aged  76,  Margazetv 
relict  of  Walter  Honeywood  Tate,  esq. 

April  16.  At  her  villa,  at  Richmond,  asped  91, 
the  Lady  Elizabeth  Ashbumham,  second  cmikl  of 
John  second  Earl  of  Ashbumham. 

At  Boston,  Line,  aged  75,  Charlotte,  reliei  of 
AagoMtoM  Di^gan,  esq* 

Otpt.  James  Eykyn,  15th  Ml^.I.  of  AckletOD, 
Shropshire ;  and  on  the  9th  of  Mmrd^  at  Madras, 
Frederick  Charles,  his  only  child. 

At  Chadleigh,  aged  36,  Emma-Martha,  wife  of 
Lieat.-Col.  C.  Lethbridge,  E.I.C.S. 

At  Hackney,  Sarah,  reliot  of  Francia  Mdl- 
neux,  esq. 

At  Union-grove,  Wandsworth-road,  aged  83, 
Elizabeth -Mary -Ann,  wife  of  Herbert  Wlgm 
Sway^e^esq.  of  Maikjate-strest,  Beds. 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


667 


April  17.     At  Stockton-on-TMS,  Bol^ert  Ap- 
pleby, esq. 

At  Torquay,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Edward  B.  Brad- 
dell,  esq.  late  Capt.  70th  Begt.,  dan.  of  the  late 
William  Hopkins,  esq.  of  Dublin. 
At  Great  Mongeham,  aged  89,  Mary,  the  widow 
of  Jolin  Raven  Bray,  esq. 
Aged  52,  Thomas  Cave  Brown  Care,  esq.  of  Bep- 
ton  Lodge,  thh^  son  of  the  late  Sir  William  Cavo 
Brown  Cave,  Bart. 
At  Babbicombe,  Thomas  Charlton,  esq. 
Aged  70,  Hannah,  wife  of  Moses  Crawcour,  esq. 
of  Connaught-terrace,  Hyde  Park. 
At  Bow,  aged  63,  Joseph  Dawson,  esq. 
At  Torquay,  aged  17,  Francis-William,  eldest  son 
of  T.  A.  Green,  esq.  of  Felmersham-grange,  Beds. 
At  St.  Alban's,  aged  83,  J.  PrentisHenslow,  esq. 
At  Boston  Spa,  aged  98,  Mrs.  Katharine  Johnson. 
At  Clifton,  aged  18,  John-Henry,  third  son  of 
Joseph  Pease,  esq.  Southend,  near  Darlington. 
At  Leamington,  aged  76,  Thomas  Skelton,  esq. 
At  HounHlow,  aged  80,  James  Such,  esq. 
At  Cheltenham,   John  Wearer,   esq.  late   of 
Atherstone. 

April  18.  At  Shrewsbury,  Harriett,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  Jas.  Compson,  esq.  of  Cleobnry  Mortimer. 
Aged  58,  George  Davidge,  esq.  of  Kennington 
and  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Westover,  Isle  of  Wight,  Edith-Charlotte- 
Maria,  the  infant  dau.  of  the  Hon.  W.  H.  Ashe 
a'Court  Holmes. 

At  Rome,  Anne-Frances,  wife  of  C.  J.  Lapri- 
maudaye,  esq. 

In  London,  at  the  house;  of  her  grandson,  aged 
81,  Mary,  relict  of  Edward  Lodge,  esq.  of  Lan- 
caster. 

At  Ealing,  Middlesex,  aged  69,  Edward  Robin- 
son, esq.  of  the  War  Office. 
At  Kettering,  aged  76,  William  Roughton.  esq. 
At    Fairlavm,    Southport,   aged   90,    Richard 
Saunders,  esq. 

At  Bedfont,  Capt.  William  Shum,  late  of  3rd 
DruKoon  Giiurd.«i,  He  attained  that  rank  in  1813, 
and  was  placed  on  half-pay  In  1816. 

At  Erabcr-court,  aged  30,  Eliza-Sophia, youngest 
dau^Miter  of  Sir  Charles  Sullivan,  Bart. 

At  Chcltenhum ,  aged  95,  Susanna-Maria,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  Hcnrj'  Ward,  of  Havering  Bower,  Essex. 
April  19.    At  Lcdsam  Cottage,  Regent's-park, 
Harric'tte.  wife  of  French  Burke,  esq. 
At   Southurapton-row,  Arthur  Campion,   eaq. 
only  son  of  U.  C.  Campion,  esq.  of  Exeter. 
At  Hadleigh,  aged  70,  Miss  Sarah  Gage. 
At  Graveley,  Herts,  aged  24,  Margaret  Eliza- 
beth, fourth  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Fordham 
Green,  Rector  of  (iraveley. 

At  Lyons,  aged  24.  Lieut.  Arthur  J.  Grey,  RJ^I^., 
tenth  son  of  the  late  Hon.  and  Right  Rev.  Edward 
Grey,  Lord  Bishop  of  Hereford. 

At  Paris,  Philippine-Anne-Judith,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Edmund  Ironside,  esq.  of  Tennockside, 
CO.  Lanark,  and  grand-dau.  or  Ralph  Anthony 
Ironside,  e^q.  of  Hough ton-le-Spring,  Durham. 

At  Paddington,  aged  58,  Catherine,  widow  of 
Capt.  Robert  Matthews,  38th  Foot. 

Aged  21 ,  John,  fourth  son  of  Jas.  Ponsford,  esq. 
of  Haokwood-park,  Hants. 
At  Ilfra(OTul)c,  aged  65,  Henry  Porter,  esq. 
At  Vann,  Yorkshire,  aged  79,  Ann,  relict  of 
Josiah  Rhodes,  esq. 

At  Dcvonport,  aged  24,  Charlotte,  wife  of  J.  L. 
L,  Sole.  esq. 

April  20.  At  Kasebounie,  Sussex,  aged  60,  Jane, 
fifth  dan.  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Alcock,  late  Arch- 
deacon of  Chichester. 

At  lif)ston.  Line,  aged  25,  Mary  Ann,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Valentine  ^lans  Close,  (»q. 

Aged  77,  Samuel  Collyer,  esq.  solicitor,  of 
Pratt-place,  Lambeth. 

At  Roseacre,  near  Maidstone,  aged  50,  John 
Donkin,  esq.  of  Onnond-house,  Old  Kent-road, 
civil  engineer,  son  of  Bryan  Donkin,  esq.  He 
married  the  eldest  daughter  of  Benjamin  Bawes, 
esq.  (father  of  B.  Hawcs,  Jun.  late  M.P.)  who  is 


left  hli  widow,  with  a  nnmeroiu  Cunily,  to  laxnont 
hisloM. 

At  Woolpit,  aged  91,  Orbell  Hustler,  gent,  lata 
of  Drinkstone. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law,  Francis  Cat- 
terton,  esq.  Leytonstone,  aged  93,  Elisabeth,  relict 
of  Magnus  Ohren,  esq.  late  Surveyor  of  Sloops, 
Her  Majesty's  Customs. 

At  Kennhngton,  aged  78,  James  Parker,  esq. 
formerly  of  Queen-st.  Cheapside,  uid  Croydon. 

April  21.  At  Ryde,  aged  89,  Elizabeth,  >!vidow 
of  Col.  Charles  Broun,  of  Amwell  Bury,  Herts,  and 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Sperling,  esq.  of 
Dynes  HaU,  Essex. 

Aged  70,  Jeremiah  Carter,  esq.  of  BasingbaU-st. 
In  Chester-sq.  aged  62,  the  Hon.  John  Henry 
Dunn,  formerly  Receiver-General  of  Canada. 

At  Woolpit,  aged  72  years,  Mr.  Thomas  Flake, 
brother  of  the  late  Lieut.  Geo.  Fiske,  B.A.,  and  of 
R.  Flake,  esq.  of  Kessingland. 

Eliza,  wife  of  Henry  Qroom,  esq.  of  Clapham* 
rise. 

At  Stockwell,  aged  52,  Harriet,  relict  of  James 
Lacy,  esq.  of  Salisbury. 

Elizabeth,  dan.  of  the  late  Commander  James 
Lowry,  R.N.  of  Itchen-ferry. 

At  Pennvbridge,  Lancashire,  aged  83,  James 
Penny  Machell,  esq. 

Aged  79,  Prisdlla,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Michael 
Manrice,  of  Ladbroke  VUlas,  Notting-hUl. 

At  Brackley,  aged  53,  Charlotte,  wife  of  Joseph 
Paxton.  J 

At  his  chambers   in  Clement's-inn,  aged  65, 
Mr.   Thomas  Roden,  principal  cashier  to  the 
*'  Homing  Herald  "  for  upwards  of  30  years. 
At  Bayswater,  aged  65,  Charles  Waring,  esq. 
At  Bnntingfbrd,  aged  54,  W.  Henry  Watts,  esq. 
At  Southampton,  aged  89,  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
John  Wehr,  esq.  Dhrector-Gen.  of  the  Army  Medical 
Board. 

At  Finchley-road,  St.  John's-wood,  aged  60, 
David  Wilson,  esq.  Ute  of  Stamford-hiU. 

AprU  22.  At  Heigham,  Miss  Alithea  Aldemum , 
dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Alderman,  esq.  of  Bury 
St.  Edmund's 

In  Guernsey,  aged  69,  Colonel  Sausmarez  Brock, 
K.H.  h.-p.  48th  Foot.  He  attained  his  rank  in 
1830,  and  was  placed  on  half-pay  in  1835. 

At  Sandgate,  Kent,  Edwd.  Henry  Cormick,  esq. 
East  Norfolk  ililitia,  late  Capt.  17th  Regt.' 

At  Harrogate,  aged  9,  ElfHda  Eden,  eldest  dan. 
of  Sh:  William  Eden,  of  Windlestone  HaU,  Durham. 
At  Shooter's  HiU,  aged  72,  Chas.  Fencham,  esq. 
late  of  H.M.  Dockyard,  Woolwich. 

At  Manchester,  ased  45,  William  Thomas  Fox, 
son  of  the  late  John  Hopkins  Fox,  esq.  of  Northern 
Court,  ChBham. 

At  Salcombe,  near  Sldmonth,  the  wifiB  of  George 
Mortimer,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  aged  89,  Thomas  Wyatt,  esq.  of 
Horsted-Keynes,  and  Brighton,  Sussex,  and  late 
of  the  3rd  Dragoon  Guards. 

ApriliZ.  At  Edenbridge,  Kent,  aged  32,  Thomas, 

youngest  son  of  Thomas  Alexander,  esq. 

Aged  72,  Benjamin  Blackmore,  eeq.  of  Islington, 

At  Bath,  aged  42,  W.  Price  Evans,  esq.  M.R.C.S. 

for  nuuiy  years  medical  officer  to  the  extensive 

copper  and  other  works  on  the  western  side  of  the 

SlRTATIII^A  River 

At  Bruton,  Somerset,  aged  70,  Edward  Hicki 
Fhich,  esq.  of  Copthall-conrt,  and  Brixton-hiU, 
Surrey. 

At  Exmontli,  aged  23,  Julia-Frances,  second 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Hugh  Speke,  Rector  of  Dowlish 
Wake,  Somersetshire. 

April  24.  At  Camberwell,  aged  66,  Thomat 
Allport,  esq.  a  gentleman  of  a  literarr  torn  of 
mind  and  an  occasional  contributor  to  ma  maga- 
zine. 

Harriet,  wife  of  James  Robertson  Bryant,  eaq. 
of  Pembroke. 

In  ArtiUery-phice,  Fhisbury-square,  aged  46, 
John  Courtenav,  esq.  F.R.C.S.E. 

At  her  uncle's.  Admiral  Kattray,  of  Barfiord, 


6e8 


Obituary. 


CJii»^      I 


Warwick,  aged  U,  .ToMtte  Grace  Mvian  Fnaer, 
second  dau.  of  W.  (Yaser,  esq.  late  Barriater  at 

On  board  H.M.S.  the  "  Royal  George."  off  Elfe- 
nalicn  in  the  Baltic  Sea,  Mr.  Henry  Freeland,  R.M. 
son  of  the  late  Itcv.  Henry  Freeland,  Hector  of 
Hasketon,  Suffolk,  and  nephew  of  the  Rev.  •Tamea 
Round,  B.D.  Iliit  body  was  buried  with  military 
Jionours  on  the  fullowin^  day,  in  a  small  church- 
yard in  the  Island  of  Munca. 

At  Lon^  Horaley  Vicarafce,  Nortliumberland, 
ngcil  81,  Mar>',  widow  of  George  Hall,  eaq.  of 
Stannlngton  Vale. 

In  bin  48th  year,  Thomas  Hodgson,  esq.  F.R.C.S. 
of  HalifiLx. 

Off  Antibcs  in  the  steamer  Ercolano  (as  noticed 
in  the  memoir  of  Mr.  Halsey,  in  a  former  page), 
aged  26,  Charlotte  Mar>'  Owen,  wife  of  Edward 
Lewi^i  Knight,  esq.  late  of  H.M.  20th  Regt. ;  also, 
their  two  children,  £dward-John-Allanson,  aged 
9G  months,  and  Robert- Wynn,  aged  8  montlis. 

Aged  61,  George  Nicholson,  esq.  of  Highgate. 

James,  eldest  son  of  James  Poole,  esq.  of  Sher- 
borne, Dorset. 

At  Henley-on-Thmnes,  Miss  Mary  Woodliouse, 
formerly  of  Park-street,  Grosvenor-square. 

April  25.  Aged  73,  Joseph  Abbott,  of  Ber- 
mondney,  and  late  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Com- 
pany's Service. 

At  Aberdeen,  aged  37,  George  Armstrong,  esq. 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Geo.  Armstrong,  of  Bristol. 

Aged  77,  BenJ.  Baily,  esq.  of  Threadneedle-«t. 

At  Exeter,  at  an  advanced  age,  Nancy,  relict  of 
Thomas  FoUett,  esq.  of  Liverpool. 

At  St.  Leonard's  Emily,  wife  of  J.  Grant.  (Mq. 
Jun.  of  Glenmoriston,  and  dan.  of  J.  Morrison,  esq. 

At  great  Baddow,  aged  61,  Thomas  King,  esq. 
many  years  surgeon  of  Chelmsford. 

At  Reigate,  aged  50,  Thomas  Neale,  esq. 

in  Albany-street,  Regent's-park,  aged  71,  Mar- 
garet, wid(»w  of  James  Pattison,  esq.  formerly  a 
IMrector  of  the  East  India  Compan>*. 

Aged  45,Cha8.  Rawling,  esq.  of  Exeter,  solicitor. 

April  26.  At  Ba>'8water,  aged  72,  Elisabeth, 
widow  of  James  Beveridge,  esq.  of  Wandsworth- 
comnion. 

Aged  80,  Isaac  Brend,  esq.  of  Buth. 

At  LuHiuhigton,  Grace,  relict  of  thu  Rev.  Arthur 
Bullcr,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Cliarles  Lynd,  es<i.  of 
Mullanfi'an,  Tyrone. 

At  PI}nnouth,  I)a^id  Cahlll,  csp.  late  Paymaster 
88th  Regiment. 

At  Nice,  William  Johnson  Campbell,  asq.  third 
son  of  the  late  Liuut.-((cn.  Colin  Campbell,  Lieut.- 
Govemor  of  GDiraltar. 

At  I^wer  Stukesby,  near  Whitby,  after  a  few 
hours*  illness,  aged  70,  Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  lute 
Abel  Chapman,  esq.  of  Wliitby,  banker. 

At  51udeira,  aged  21,  Anna',  eldest  dau.  of  the 
hite  Sir  WillUm  Webb  Follctt. 

At  Kmscote,  War.  aged  H 1 ,  Francis  1  [ammett,  esq. 

At  Edgtiaston,  ngeil  66,  (Jeorge  Lovcll,  esq.  late 
Iler  Majesty's  Inspector  of  tlie  31anufkcture  of 
Small  Anns. 

At  Brundenburg-l(Nlgc,  Fulliam-roud,  Elizabeth, 
I^ly  Ogilby,widowof  Lieut.-CoI.Sir  Uvd.  Ogilby, 
of  the  Hon.  East  India  Company's  service. 

In  Upper  AUiany-st.  Regent's-pk.  aged  71,  Ga- 
hriclc  Rossctti,  late  l*rof.  of  Italian  at  King's  Col. 
London. 

At  Sunderland,  aged  52,  Mr.  John  Hardinge 
Vfiti'h,  proprietor  of  the  "  Sunderland  Exa- 
mhier."  He  was  for  many  years  connected  Mith 
the  "  Durham  Chronicle,"  originally  establislied 
by  Mr.  John  Ambrose  Williams,  whose  trial  in 
lH22  for  a  libel  on  the  Durham  clergy  afforded 
an  opiK)rtunity  for  a  display  of  eloquence  by 
his  counsel,  Mr.  (now  Lord)  Brouglumi,  whkrii 
has  Iteen  designated  as  *'  undoubtedly  the  noblest 
effort  of  modem  orator>'."  On  Mr.  Wiliiauis*  re- 
tirement from  the  proprietorship  of  the  "  Durham 
Ohrunielu"  in  1823,  Mr.  Veitch  succeeded  him  as 
editor,  and,  after  a  short  Interval,  as  proprietu'  of 
that  ]idper ;  >iiilch  be  continQed  to  cODdQCt  until 


bte 


18S0,  when  tt  9«Md  lalo  other 

fiDllowlng  year  he  oommenoed  tlw 

Examiner.'*    He  wee  aa  eai 

Yocate  of  a  liberal  potky,  and  took  an  Mthwat 

energetic  part  In  me  great  qnoilkMH  vlridi  ai^ 

tated  the  pabUe  miiul  onrlng  the  eventlU  p«W 

in  which  he  lived. 

At  Hif^bory-terraoetUingfeQn,  aged  CS,  EdwoA 
Wi(aui,eaq.    HewaatheeldeefcaQBef  OoL^ 
of  the  London  Militia,  who  % 
smith  in  CheaiNlde  with  the  late  Mr. 
(Soodbehere.    Mr.  Wlgaa  wi 
with  Shr  S.  Matthew,  Bart,  aa  a 
in  which  bnaineaa  he  coattaiiwd  tfll 
is  reported  to  have  left  eoonnoaa  wealth. 

At  Qoalnton  rectory,  Bncka. 
wife  of  the  Rev.  £.  N.  Yoong;,  aad  eldaat  tea.  sf 
the  late  William  TraTia,  eaq.  MJD.  of  Scartr^. 

Aprils,  At  Park  Houae,  Hagrco,  »*«—*. 
Elizabeth,  widow  oT  Edw.  Biigga,  eaq.  of  Hartqr- 
street  and  Uayei. 

Aged  73,  Robert  BncUe,  eaq.  coOedor  of  lahal 
Revenue,  Cambridge. 

At  Edinburgh,  Anne-Xarj,  widow  oTOoL  D^ril 
Campbell,  R.A. 

At  Netherclay,  near  Taunton, aged  17,  Sarinee- 
Lncas,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Uent.  C<iL  OoDb. 

At  Tilgate-house,  Snnex,  aged  61,  Hmj.  wife  if 
Charles  Fauntleroy,  eaq.  and  of  ITiiihiibmImj 

At  Bedford-eq.  aged  81,  QeorigB  Fnn,  eM.lrti 
of  Lincohi's-inn,  and  of  Twylbrd-hoaae.  m^m 
Stortford.  — — t 

At  LadyweU-houae,  Ackworth,  aged  79,  Vi- 
11am  Grub,  esq. 

In  London,  aged  74,  John  Knox  IIaRtaoa,ei|. 
formerly  merchant  of  BeUiat. 

At  Pool  Cottage,  Brampfbcd  Spcke,  «ed  «. 
John  Frederick  Hofftoer,  eeq. 

At  Hammersmith,  aged  79,  IOm  HmiM  lUnr. 

At  Swardeeton  rectory,  KorlUk,  aced  M,  John 
Turner  Kemp,  eeq. 

At  Boulogne,   Juliana    Elisabeth*  wliav  if 
Frederic  CUnton  Mundy,  eaq.  youagert 
late  Rev.  Wm.  Antrobaa,  Bector  of 
dleaex. 

In  Monnt-st  Qrosvenor  iq.  aged  BM,  Ue«L-Od. 
George  Nelthorpe,  of  the  Weat  Koitdk  MUil^ 

At  ArmigUf  near  Goole,  aged  79,  Edmd.  IhiH** 
son,  esq.  of  West  Mount,  Seartioiroegh. 

At  Chard,  aged  6S,  Samuel  Webh,  eaq. 

Aged  22,  Catherine-Anna,  wifs  of  theJBer. . 
Yardley,  Vicar  of  St.  Ctad'a,  Sfaivwak 
dau.  of  William  K.  Stdkea,  eaq. 

Aprs  28.    Aged  13,  Heoiy  WnUam 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  WlUlam  H.  darfcali 
of  llerringfleet. 

At  lielmont,  Dartmouth,  aged  53,  Uaauh^vlfe 
of  Daniel  Codnor,  esq. 

Aged   38,  Francoa-Sopliia,  reUct   of 
Go^Mard,  esq.  and  onlr  dan.  of  Ji 
Dobson,  esq.  of  Harlow,  Eaae: 

Edward-Cook,  only  ion  of  the  late  Edwaid  Ceok 
Milbum,  esq.  of  MUbwn-plaee,  North 

At  East  Grinstead,  Snaaez,  aged  74. 
relict  of  Gideon  Kewland,  eeq.  IbrM 
chester.and  dau.  of  the  Me  Bear-Adm. ' 
ofTlchlleld. 

At  Londonderry,  aged  C4,  Ji 
late  Korth  Mayo  Regi. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  74,  Samuel 
Hecker,  esq. 

At  Dublin,  aged  68,  retired  Uear-Adm. 

John-Gore,  ekiest  an  of  the  Bar. 
Townaend,  of  Ilmington  Bectory,  Wm^i 

April  20.    In  Great  Pieecot-et.  aged  0. 
roUct  of  Emanuel  AguUar,  e^.       ""      * 

At  Hombourg,  Frankfort,  aged  71,  ] 
Grunt  Dalton,  esq.  of  IiigokUaOorpe  L^ 
and  of  Slianks  llouae,  Someneti  aln 
suddenly,  at  Ghent,  aged  41,  on  h 
death  of  his  flUher,  John  George  _ 
Dalton,  eflq.  second  aoo  of  the  abnrau 

At  BordweU  rectOTi  SuflUk,  aged  77, 


1^  of  the 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


Maria,  relict  Of  James  Dnnlap,  esq.  M  JD.  of  Syden- 
ham, Kent. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  79,  Hannah,  relict  of  the 
Very  Rev.  Uasher  Lee,  Dean  of  Waterfinrd. 

At  Bute  House,  Petersham,  aged  79,  the  Most 
Hon.  Caroline,  Marchioness  dowager  of  Queens> 
berry.  She  was  the  third  dau.  and  coheiress  of 
Henry  third  Duke  of  Buccleuch  and  Queens- 
berry,  K.O.  by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  George,  Duke  of 
Montagu,  and  was  married  in  180S  to  Charles 
Douglas,  esq.  afterwards  (in  1810)  fifth  Marquess 
of  Queensberry,  K.T.  who  died  in  1837,  having 
had  issue  eight  dau^ters,  whereupon  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  brother  the  present  marquess.  Her 
ladyship  was  distlngnJshed  ibr  her  eTangelical 
piety  and  charitable  acts. 

At  Southampton,  aged  74,  Mi^or  John  Thornton, 
late  of  Kensington.  He  was  a  pasaenfler  firom 
Guernsey  to  Southampton  in  the  **  Courier,"  and 
the  vessel  having  lurched  he  fell  from  hla  seat  and 
injured  his  head.  Every  attention  was  paid,  but 
he  died  of  the  effect  of  the  fidl  twentar-seven  hours 
afterwards.    Verdict,  "  Accidental  Death." 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  S8,  Marianne-Fhmcce,  dau. 
of  Col.  S.  H.  Williams,  Royal  Engineers. 

AprU  30.  At  Heavitree,  aged  31,  Mr.  Edward 
B.  Crabbe.  He  was  the  confidential  elerk  of 
E.  L.  Kemp,  esq.  solicitor,  and  qiparitor  to  the 
yenerable  uie  Archdeacon  of  Exeter. 

At  York-pl.  Portman-sq.  aged  80,  Ann,  reliet  of 
Col.  Dacre.  3rd  West  York  MUitla. 

Aged  83,  Margaret,  relict  of  FTanda  Fontar,  e^[. 
of  Margate. 

Caroline-Snsan-Prescott,  wife  of  the  Ber.  Bieh- 
ardson  Fnssell,  of  Chantry  Parsonage,  Somerset 

At  the  Vicarage,  Calne,  Wilts,  aged  69,  Ann, 
relict  of  Capt.  Gilbert  Heathcote,  R.K. 

David  Hohnes,  esq.  of  Lower  Belgrave-atreet. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  George  Laishl^,esq.  Shirley, 
near  Southampton. 

At  Easingwold,  Yorkshire,  his  nattre  place, 
aged  70,  Dr.  Newton,  a  well-known  Methodist 
preacher  for  fifty-flye  years.  His  ftmeral  waa 
numerously  attended  by  several  of  the  most  emi- 
nent ministers  of  the  Wesleyan  connection.  Hia 
remains  wip  deposited  in  a  vault  in  Eaidngwold 
churchyard.  He  had  only  two  or  three  weeks  ago 
removed  to  the  town  of  Easingwold,  in  his  native 
Vorluhire. 

At  Exmouth,  aged  70,  Ellen,  widow  of  Llent.- 
Col.  Raban,  of  Beauchamp-lodge,  near  Taunton. 

In  Keppel-st.  Russell-sq.  agea67,  MlasBobertaon. 

At  Bridport,  aged  23,  Anne-Eliza,  eldest  dan. 
of  Dr.  Symes. 

BenJ.  Edward  ^llloughby,  esq.  of  Bedfbrd-eq. 

lately  at  Steeple  Aston,  Oxon,  aged  87,Charlotte, 
dau.  of  the  late  Very  Rev.  B.  Newcombe,  IbmMrly 
Dean  of  liochettter. 

At  Bloem  Fontein,  South  Africa,  William  Joofli 
St.  .John,  Lieut.  Rl.  Art.  second  scm  of  the  late 
Dr.  St.  Jolm,  Inspector-General  of  HJL  Honpitals. 

At  Canterbury,  Mrs.  S.  Terry,  widow  of  S.  Terry, 
esq.  of  Bombay. 

In  George-Bt.  Enston-sq.  aged  98,  Robert  Hole 
Walters,  esq.  Capt.  31st  Regt.  elder  son  of  Ralph 
Walters,  est],  of  South  Dene  Tower,  Dnrtiam. 

May  1.  At  Cleve-hill,  Glouc.  Frances,  wife  of 
D.  Cave,  esq. 

At  Brandsby  Hall,  Yorkshire,  aged  70,  Ftancia 
Cholmeley,  esq. 

At  Cokenach,  Royston,  Louisa-Lucy,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  late  Gen.  Shr  William  Henry  Clinton  and 
Lady  Ix>nifla  Clinton. 

At  Atthburton,  at  an  advanced  age,  Sarah,  relict 
of  Charles  Edwards,  esq.  of  Riverfiird,  near  TOIaes. 

In  London,  aged  64,  PauUn*,  widow  of  Capt. 
William  James  Hance,  1st  R.  Vet.  Batt.  and  for- 
merly of  2d  West  India  Regt. 

At  Tliames  Ditton,  aged  65,  William  Jope,  esq. 
Recorder  of  Liskeard  and  a  Bencher  of  Grays-inn. 

At  Stonehouse,  Captain  John  PengeUy  Fsridn 
(1841).  lie  entered  the  navy  31st  March,  1806,  as 
first-class  volunteer,  on  board  the  AchiDe  74,  and 
was  present  as  midshipman  at  Ttifelgar.    He  was 


689 


in  the  aame  ship  at  tli«  tdodnde  of 
Fenrol  and  Cherbourg,  and  at  tiie  defenee  (tfCadix. 
He  had  oiUy  recently  accepted  tlie  retirement 
nnder  the  order  in  cooncU  of  1846. 

At  Hambkkion,  Hants,  IDas  Biahards,  alater  of 
the  late  Rev.  R.  Richards,  Vicar  of  that  parish. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  39,  EUen,  wife  of  John 
Mounljoy  Smith,  esq. 

At  the  Sooth  Sea  Honae,  aged  56,  John  TIekeU 
Viner,  esq. 

ifoys.  At  Fershore,  John  Yeend  Bedford,  e^[. 
of  the  Abbey,  PMrshore. 

In  Cbesterfield-st.  MayiUr,  a^ed  81,  the  Hon. 
Qertnide  Brand. 

In  Camden-town,  aged  68,  Magdalena-Frimcina 
Collie,  rdict  of  the  Rev.  Darid  Come,  of  Malacca. 

At  Botheoay,  lOas  Gardner,  of  Dndhope,  dan.  of 
the  late  Wm.  Fnllerton  Gardner,  esq.  H.£.LC.S.'a 
Bengal  Establishment. 

Mianr,  the  wife  of  the  Bev.  T.  Jones,  Rector  of 
AUhaliows,  LombardHrt.  and  late  Vkar  of  Great 
Bentl^. 

At  IMio-hffl,  Handsworth,  aged  87,  John  UMit- 
foot,  esq.  one  of  the  Directors  of  the  BInningfiam 
Banking  Company  from  its  oommenoement. 

At  Cattierington,  Hants.  Ann  EUiahetti,  ttdid 
and  last  aorvivmg  dan.  of  the  late  J.  Biefaard8,esq. 

At  Totton,  aged  66,  Miss  Maiy  Jaqnis  Sliarp,  dan. 
of  the  late  Duuel  Sharp,  esq.  or  Godalming,  Sotrey. 

At  Bafib,  Temperance  Sophia,  widow  of  George 
Udny,  esq.  of  the  Bengal  CIvfl  Servioe. 

Georgiana,  widow  of  John  MTheatley,  e^[.  for- 
merly of  the  Supreme  Gonrt,  Calcntta. 

At  Brighton,  Ann,rettctof  Cast  M.  White,  RJT. 

In  Hind-st.  Maneheste^eq.  nanoea,  reliet  of 
the  Rev.  S.  Woodgate,  Vkar  of  Fenhonr,  Kent 

At  Boteler^  Marston,  Warwiek,  aged  S7,  Ana- 
Catherine,  foarOi  dan.  of  the  late  Thfluaa  An- 
drews Woodward,  eaq.  of  Great  Camherlon,  Wore, 
and  of  Boteler^  Marston. 

At  Newton  Bndbel,  at  an  advaaeeda«,  KUia- 
heth.  eldest  dan.  of  MUiolaa  Adam8Birtlett» 
eaq.  late  of  Lndbrook,  and  of  Marldon. 

At  Stratton,  Cireneester,  Glooe.  Mjyrjr,  wife  of 
Llent,  G.  A.  Doyne,  60th  Bengal  N.Ini: 

At  Lewes,  aged  65,  Mjyy-Asn,  wife  of  Thomaa 
Haire,  eaq.  MJ^.  and  only  dan.  of  the  faiteWilliani 
ftanklin  Hiek,  esq.  of  Lewes. 

At  the  Dodcvard,  Portmootti,  a^ed  10,  faibeU 
Anne,  eldest  dJMi.of  Capt  Star  llioiBia  Mitftlaiid. 
C3.  of  1LM.S.  Excellent 

MaifA.  In  Tork-bnUdlngi,  Mew4nad«^|ed  77, 
John  Barrow,  esq.  late  of  the  firm  of  mmmtaoA 
Turner. 

At  Farringdon,  Beiks,  a^ed  80,  Edward  Haul 
Butler,  elder  brother  of  Oomeiina  Bolier.eaq.  of 
Ingatestooe,  Eases. 

At  Stoekwdl,  aged  61,  Thomaa  Chodwttk,  eM|. 
formerly  of  Flamboron^  ah^ownar. 

At  Edinbni«fa.afedlO,tlieBon.OeM«i  SM- 
ford  Fraser,  third  son  of  Lord  LOrat 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  8S,  EHiabelh,  nUek  of 
WflUam  Langton,  esq.  hOe  of  Sntton,  Snrej,  Md 
formerly  of  Chippenham,  Boeks. 

At  Tavistock,  fialtren, /onnfeet  bob  of  the  tale 
Thomaa  Bobtna,  esq.  of  Venn,  near  TavislodL 

Aged  75,  Garrard  Roche,  eaq.  of  Tapper  WeOlagw 
ton-Street. 

At  Cambridge,  aged  78,  Mary,  nUet  of  the  Ber. 
Thos.  Seahrook,  Vicar  of  WiekhMSbrook,  Sofldk, 

Maifb,  In  London, afed 98,  WniiainOoodaiB, 
younger  son  of  the  Rev.  William  Bleeek«  Baetor  of 
Hnish.  and  grandson  of  the  late  John  fInnilWMli. 
e^[.  of  Oare  House,  WUia. 


At  DanbniT,  aged  89,  Sarah,  raUet  of  John  By. 
grave,  esq.  of  Frettons,  Danhnnr. 


Ralph  Quested  Dinaey,  eaq.  forsiMy  o , 

At  Gatton,  near  Mdrwid^  Mwy,  widow  «f  Hm 
Ber.  Henry  Charlea  HObait,  Ganon  of  ITinfeiJ. 
and  nephew  of  Robert  Eail  of  ItnfliiialiaiMliln 
She  was  the  eldeet  daa.  of  the  latoSfrlbaiiiaa 
BeaaclMiBp  Pioetor»  esq.  of  Laagligr-pitk,  Ifer- 


670 


Obituary. 


[June, 


folk,  b7  Mary  tad  dsu,  of  Bobtrt  Pftlmor,  esq.  of 
Sonning,  Berks,  wm  married  in  1800,  and  was 
left  a  widow  in  1844,  having  bad  iiiiie  the  late 
M^or  George  Hobart  of  the  Scots  GroTs,  and 
Charles  Hobart,  esq. 

At  Bradwell,  near  Bampton,  Oxon,  Charles 
Large,  esq.  a  breeder  of  long-woolled  sheep,  a 
flock  of  the  first  character. 

At  Burton-crescent,  aged  12,  Angelina,  only 
dan.  of  the  late  George  Tradescant  Lay,  esq.  H.M. 
Consul  for  Amoy,  Chba. 

At  Albert-terrace,  Hyde  Park,  aged  61,  John 
William  Lockett.  esq. 

At  her  son-in-law's,  the  Rev.  G.  Roberts,  Chel- 
tenham, aged  86,  Agnes,  relict  of  D.  Mushet,  esq. 
of  Coleftnrd,  Forest  of  Dean. 

At  Edinburgh,  Haria-Innes,  widow  of  James 
fiobertson,  esq.  of  the  College,  Elgin. 

At  Clifton,  aged  67,  Elisabeth-Anne,  relict  of 
liie  Rev.  Sir  John  Godfrey  Thomas,  of  Bodiam, 
Sussex.  She  was  Uie  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John 
Vignoles,  of  Cornahir  House,  Westmeath,  was 
married  first  to  Lieut  Col.  Grey,  and  in  1817  be- 
came the  second  wife  of  Sir  J.  G.  Thomas,  by  whom 
she  had  sereral  children. 

At  Brookencott  Cottage,  Chaddersley  Corbett, 
aged  80,  Mr.  John  Wi(^ey,  late  head  master  of 
the  Free  School. 

May  6.  At  Gillingham,  Kent,  aged  54,  James, 
iDortti  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Joseph  Bnrrill,  of 
Masham,  Yorksh. 

Horace-Jones,  son  of  WUliam  Carter,  coroner 
Ibr  Surrey. 

At  Brighton,  aged  7S,  Margaret,  wifs  of  Mj^or 
William  Chadwick. 

At  East  Retford,  aged  43,  Geo.  Henry  Chandler, 
esq.  only  sunriving  son  of  the  late  Rev.  George 
Chandler,  M.A.  one  of  the  senior  magistrates  of 
the  West  Riding. 

William  Chichester,  esq.  of  Upham  House,  near 
Ladbury,  brother  of  the  late  John  Chidbetter,  esq. 
M.D.  of  Cheltenham,  and  nnde  to  Mrs.  Chambers, 
of  Worcester.  Also,  on  the  8th  inst.  near  Taun- 
ton, Somersetshire,  aged  80,  Mrs.  Charles  Chi- 
chester, mother  of  Mrs.  Chambers. 

At  Great  Chesterford,  Essex,  aged  63,  Owen 
Hewitt  Edwards,  esq. 

At  Ashurst  Lodge,  Sunninghiil,  aged  84,  Jane, 
widow  of  Francis  Grewor,  esq.  of  Trewarthenick, 
Oomwall,  and  dau.  of  the  late  William  Urquhart, 
esq.  of  Craigston,  Aberdeenshire. 

At  Brighton,  aged  56,  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Charles 
King,  esq. 
At  Edinburgh,  Lieutenant-Col.  William  Skene, 

B.u.l.O.D. 

At  Lopen,  aged  35,  Joseph-Fry,  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Joseph  Stuckey,  esq.  of  Luigport. 

Mav  7.  At  Boston,  aged  4S,  Anne,  wife  of  Wil- 
liam  Henry  Adams,  esq.  barri8ter>at-iaw. 

At  Brighton,  aged  66,  Edward  Bramah,  esq.  of 
Onildford-st. 

At  Southampton,  aged  71,  Daniel  Brooks,  esq. 

At  Glasgow,  aged  35,  Lieut.  Edward  John  Dod, 
late  of  the  62d  Bengal  Native  Infiuitry. 

At  Redcar,  in  Cleveland,  aged  85,  Samuel  Gat- 
liff,  esq.  B.A.  Of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge. 

In  Arihigton-st.  Alexander  Grant,  esq.  of  Aber- 
lour,  Banffshire,  a  Deputy  Lieut,  of  that  co.  for- 
meriy  of  Jamaica,  and  many  years  an  active 
member  of  the  legislature  of  that  island. 

In  Park-sq.  R^nt's-park,  Almon  Hill,  esq. 

In  Bedfwd-lane,  Clapham,  aged  78,  Thomas 
Jolley,  esq. 

Aged  33,  Alfred  Gascoigne  Lynde,  esq.  of  Great 
Qoeen-st.  Westminster. 

Ann  Katharine  Storer,  of  Upper  Hyde-park-st. 
relict  of  Anthony  Gilbert  Storer,  esq.  of  Puriey- 
park,  Berks. 

May  8.  Aged  58,  Marr,  wife  of  James  Anderton, 
esq.  of  Bridge-st.  Blackmars. 

In  Albany-st.  RegenVs-park,  aged  34,  Charles, 
youngest  son  of  Henry  Bemers,  esq.  and  grandson 
of  the  late  Wm.  Bemers,  esq.  of  Q^een  Anne-st. 

At  Ills  rtsldaiice,lBle  of  PotUa&d,a«Q4U,>;tv^ 


Re?.  ChariM  Caxmon,  fur  many  yusn  v^t^or  of 
the  Independent  Church  oi  that  place.  He  waa 
married  a  fortnight  prior  to  his  dacflase. 

At  Southampton,  aged  78.  William  Cdenun, 
esq.  formerly  of  WatUng-st.  City. 

At  Plymouth,  W.  Drake,  esq.  Paymaater  RJT. 
late  of  the  Agamemnon. 

At  Iping,  near  Midhnrst,  aged  66,  Benjamin 
Fewtress,  esq.  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Peat  him, 
Son,  and  Pewtress,  paper-makers. 

At  NorUnd-terrace,  lIotting4ilU,  Major  T.  F. 
Prendergast,  late  of  the  17th  Foot  and  3rd  W.I.Bt. 
At  Woodrising  Hall,  Norfolk,  aced  79,  Jolm 
Weyland,  esq. 

May  9.  At  Ledbury,  aged  78,  Augusta,  reliet 
of  John  Biddulph,  esq. 

Aged  55,  Jane-Charge-Frances-Dorotby,  wlft  of 
John  Booth,  esq.  of  Killerby. 

At  Bath,  aged  67,  Matthew  Hayter  Chaflin,  eaq. 

In  Langham-pl.  aged  47,  Amelia,  wifb  of  Mr. 
W.  B.  Donaldson. 

At  Southampton,  aged  84,  Madame  CaflierisM 
Angelique  Feraud,  a  trench  reftigee,  who  has  re- 
sided in  the  town  ever  since  tiie  RevKtoUon  of 
179-2. 

In  the  Queen's  Prison,  suddenly,  aged  60,  Ifiss 
Elizabeth  Hardy,  authoress  of  the  Jesuitical  tale 
called  "  The  Confessionahi,"  and  other  works  of  a 
similar  description.  She  had  been  in  the  QoeeDli 
prison  for  about  eighteen  months  for  a  smau  debt. 

At  Petersham,  aged  93,  Ann-Elizabeth,  relict  of 
Samuel  Harper,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  aged  27,  Miss  Elizabeth  Narra- 
more. 

At  Richmond,  Mary  Gleeve  WUlmott,  sister  of 
the  Rev.  R.  A.  WUhnott,  St.  Catherine's,  Bear 
Wood. 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  16,  Adela,  daoghtsr  of  Henry 
Wynum,  eaq.  of '\^paraiso.  Chili,  and  grand-dau. 
of  the  late  Gen.  Orbegoso,  Ex-President  of  the  Re- 
public of  Peru. 

May  10.  Hannah,  relict  of  Augustas  Goatling, 
esq.  LL.D.  of  Whltton,  Middlesex. 

In  £aton-pl.  aged  81,  Frances,  relict  (rfOie  Rev. 
John  Haggitt,  of  Ditton,  oo.  Cambridge.  She  was 
ttie  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Pe^on,  the  first 
Bart,  of  the  creation  of  1776,  by  Franoea,  dau.  of 
Shr  John  Rous,  Bart,  and  sister  to  John  first  Sari 
of  Stradbroke.  She  was  married  to  Mr.  Haggttt 
in  1810. 

Aged  38,  Alice,  wife  of  John  Hnish,  esq.  of 
Breadsall,  Derbyshire. 

At  Southampton,  aged  4,  Wm  Henry, youngest 
son  of  the  late  Charles  Long,  esq. 

At  Regent-terr.  Isabella  Alison,  relict  of  Qeoi|pe 
Ifitchell,  esq.  Parsons-green,  near  Edlnboi^gh. 

At  Llwyn  Onn  Cottege,  near  Wrexham,  Den- 
bighshire, &Iary  Cortwright,  widow  of  James  Prftt, 
esq.  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Isaac  Twy- 
cross,  D.D. 

In  Bruton-street,  Harriet,  widow  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Charles  Philip  Torke,  uncle  to  the  present 
Earl  of  Hardwicke.  She  was  the  dau.  of  Charlea 
Maaningham,  esq.  of  Thorpe,  Surrey ;  was  mar- 
ried in  1790,  and  left  a  widow  in  1834,  wfthOnt 
issue. 

Jfoyll.  In  Thurloe-sq.  Brompton,  aged  85, 
Laura-Susanna,  wife  of  Matthew  Baines,esq.  M.D. 

At  Ryde,  aged  81,  Henrietta  widow  of  Joseph 
Kirkpatrick,  esq.  of  St.  Cross,  Isle  of  Wight. 

At  Norwich,  aged  75^  George  Doughty  Lynn, 
esq.  M.D. 

At  Westbury,  Wilts,  aged  81,  Ann,  wife  of  Ben- 
jamin Overbury,  esq. 

At  Bath,  Margaret,  relict  of  James  Pool,  esq.  of 
Hennor  House,  Leominster,  late  Lieut.-Col.  of  the 
Scots  Greys. 

At  Gloucester-terrace,  Hyde  park,  aged  38,  Wil- 
liam Radford,  esq. 

At  Cockington,  near  Torquay,  aged  68,  WUliam 
Sowton,  esq. 

Emma,  fourth  survivinff  dau.  of  the  late  Edward 
Wlgan ,  esq .  of  Highbury  terrace.    (See  his  death , 


1854.] 


Obituary. 


671 


May  12.  At  riymoutb.  aged  41,  Mr.  John 
Cremer  Bellamy,  surgeon,  &c. 

At  Weston,  near  Rosaj  Matilda-Pnrefoy,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  W.  C.  Brant. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son  Mr.  John  Hoskyn, 
Southampton,  aged  63,  Mrs.  Susanna  Sophia  Hos- 
kyn,  formerly  of  Torpoint,  Cornwall. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law,  Rnssell-pl. 
Fitzroy-sq.  aged  61,  Jane-Edwards,  i*idow  of  Ed- 
ward Vitruviuii  Lawes,  esq.  seijeant-at-law. 

In  the  Hackney-road,  aged  84,  William  Leeds, 
esq.  formerly  of  Great  Clacton,  Essex. 

At  Bushey  (Jrove,  Herts,  Lucy,  relict  of  William 
Lord  Rendlesham,  and  wifc  of  Stewart  Maijori- 
banks,  esq.  She  was  the  third  dau.  of  Edward 
Roger  Pratt,  esq.  of  Ryston  House,  Norfolk,  was 
married  in  1826  to  Lord  Rendleaham,  who  died 
without  issue  in  1839,  and  in  1841  to  Mr.  MarJori> 
banks. 

At  Collingwood  House,  Torquay,  Louisa,  wife  of 
Charles  Masters,  esq. 

At  Waterford,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Francis  Mea- 
gher, the  Irish  exile. 

Aged  17,  Martha-Alice,  third  dau.  of  Isaac 
Perry,  esq.  of  Shrublands,  Syringfleld,  Essex. 

At  Eggesford,  Devon,  aged  67,  Catherine,  Coun- 
tess of  Portsmouth,  widow  of  tiie  late  Earl  of 
Portsmouth,  and  sister  of  Earl  Fortescue.  She 
was  the  second  dau.  of  Hugh  first  Earl  Fortescue, 
by  Hester,  third  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  George 
Grenville.  She  became  the  second  wife  of  New- 
ton late  Earl  of  Portsmoutli  in  1820,  and  his  widow 
in  January  last,  having  had  issue  the  present  Earl 
and  tliree  (laughters.   See  our  February  magazine. 

At  Brighton,  aged  67,  David  Robinson,  esq.  for 
many  years  of  the  cori»s  of  Royal  Military  Sur- 
veyors and  Draughtsmen,  and  subsequently  of  the 
Royal  Military  Academy,  Woolwich. 


At  Worcester,  aged  43,  Charles  Shdton,  esq. 
surgeon. 

Aged  30,  William  Henry  Taylor,  second  son  of 
Wm.  Taylor,  esq.  of  RadclifTe-on-Trent,  Notts,  late 
Capt.  in  87th  Regt. 

May  13.  At  filatchford,  Ashton,  aged  74,  J. 
Berry,  esq. 

At  Welwyn,  Herts,  aged  18,  Emma  Frances, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Hon.  Geo.  Edgcumbe. 

At  Cobham-park,  the  seat  of  Harvey  Combe, 
esq.  James  White  Higgins,  esq.  of  Hormead,  Herts. 

At  Newmarket,  a^  89,  Mr.  Leonard  Lillford, 
stud  groom,  better  known  as  York  Lillford. 

At  Teignmouth,  aged  26,  Thomas  Joseph  Reed, 
esq.  late  first  officer  of  the  ship  Minden,  East  In- 
diaman,  and  youngest  son  of  the  late  Chas.  Reed, 
esq.  of  Westerfleld,  Sussex. 

In  London,  aged  61,  Mary,  wife  of  the  Rer.  Ed- 
ward Whieldon,  of  Hales^all,  co.  Staflfbrd. 

May  14.  At  Cokenach,  Royston,  aged  77,  the 
Lady  Louisa  Dorothea  Clinton,  widow  of  Gen.  Sir 
William  H.  ainton,  G.C.B.  She  was  the  dan.  of 
John  first  Earl  of  Sheffield,  by  his  first  wife  Abi- 
gail, daughter  of  Lewis  Way,  esq. ;  was  married 
in  1797  and  left  a  widow  in  1840. 

At  Torquay  aged  24,  Elizabeth  Louisa,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  A.  C.  and  Lady  Emily  Lawrence. 

At  Poulton-le-fylde,  Maria,  wife  of  Lieutenant 
Risk,  commanding  H.M.S.V.  Tartarus. 

May  15.  Aged  29,  Alizabeth-Ann,  wife  of  Mr. 
Russell  Blacket,  Witham,  Essex,  and  only  dan.  of 
the  late  Robert  Owst,  esq.  of  Bermondsey. 

At  Hastings,  aged  18,  Mary  Constance,  third 
and  eldest  siuriving  child  of  the  Rev.  John  Day- 
man, Rector  of  Skelton,  Cumberland. 

At  Milford,  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law 
Frederick  Mellersh,  esq.  aged  70,  Fanny,  widow 
of  Lieut.  James  Little,  R.N.  of  Gosport. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  ittued  by  the  Registrar- General,) 


Deaths  Registered 

1 

^'^ 

Week  ending 

1 

1 

j 

?| 

Saturday, 

1  Under! 

15  to 

60  and 

,  Age  not 

Total. 

'    Males. 

FenuQet. 

PQ'S) 

1     15.     ! 

60. 

upwards. 

specified. 

1 

1 

& 

Apr.         22  . 

1     609  . 

342 

241 

1 

1193 

i      609 

584 

1789 

n      29  . 

1     591  , 

391 

224 

1 

1211 

;      603 

608 

1566 

May           G  . 

j     641 

372 

224 

26 

1263 

637 

626 

1885 

M       13   . 

529  1 

344 

217 

3 

1093 

565 

528 

1872 

M      20  . 

594  ! 

383 

207 

4 

1188 

618 

570 

1789 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  May  26. 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

9.    d. 

9.    d. 

9,    d. 

9.    d. 

«.    d. 

«.    d. 

78     2 

37     2 

29    4 

48    6 

49    3 

47    2 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  May  29. 

The  accounts  from  the  plantations  are  of  a  very  nnfavourable  character,  the  fly  in- 
creasing rapidly  ;  and  unless  a  favourable  change  takes  place  shortly,  the  prospect  of  a 
blight  will  be  rather  alarming. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  May  27. 

Hay,  2/.  12*.  to  5/.  0*.— Straw,  1/.  12#.  to  21.  2#.— Clover,  3/.  10«.  to  6/.  0#. 

SJVflTHFIELD,  May  29.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bi. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Mat  29. 


Beef 3*. 

Mutton 39, 

Veal 4*. 

Pork 3*. 


Beasts 3,476    Calves  249 

Sheep  and  Lambs   24,970   Pigs      300 


Sd.  to  5«.  Od, 

Gd,  to  5«.  Oc/. 

2d.  to  5«.  4d. 

Od,  to  49,  Sd. 

COAL  MARKET,  May  26. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  16«.  Od.  to  25«.  OJ.  per  ton.    Other  sorts,  18«.  Zd,  to  20«.  Oif. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.^Xown  TiUoWi  01#.  Oil.     Y«Uow  Roiiiii,  02#.  6d. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.CARY,  Strahd. 
From  April  86,  lo  Mof  85,  1854, 6olh  lnelH*{M. 


F.lirenlicit-»  Tbcrm 

Fahrenbeit'a  Tbenn. 

M 

S5     =2 

a 

Weallier. 

Mifilil 

Weather. 

Apr 

n.  pts. 

May,     =         '    '■     "    in.  pts. 

211 

40 

53  \46 

J0,35 

fair,  cloudy 

11 

48     5S  ,  43   89.  98 

rain,  cloudj 

27 

37 

49     43 

99,83 

besTj  nia 

18 

48     63     53   30,  13 

foggr.  fiur 

88 

40 

43      44 

■  88 

cloudy,  «io 

13 

50  '  61     53  1    ,06 

d"d. 

89 

42 

51    1  43 

.63 

r»in 

H 

53  ,  60     48       .03 

do.  f«ir 

30 

47 

58  1  50 

,+v 

do. 

15 

47     60     50       ,01 

do.  da. 

M.1 

47 

53    4a 

,25 

16 

50  ■  57  '  51  1     ,15 

do.  do. 

8 

47 

57  |4I 

,80 

ruin,  fair 

17 

48  :  61     54  '     ,11 

do. 

3 

55 

61      45 

,44 

cloudy 

18 

48     51     42       ,05 

rn.oloudy.ni. 

4 

50 

61      AH 

,57 

rr.cdy.alhLm, 

19 

48     52     46       ,88 

r.ir 

5 

50 

59     46 

,66 

do.  do.  nin 

80 

50     60  ,  51  ;     .07 

cldy.f.ir,™io 

e 

43 

55     48 

,56 

cloudy 

81      32     G4  ,  53  129,  83 

rtin,  do.  do. 

7 

50 

57     50 

,58 

Jo.  rain 

83     52     61   ,  53,     ,55 

old;,  do. 

8 

50 

51      16 

,« 

l.j.r.bl.thr.lg. 

83     17  ,  60     47  I     ,54 

do.     do. 

9 

48 

53  1  44 

,68 

do.  do.  do.  do. 

81     46     60  '  47       ,69 

do. 

10 

49 

58     47 

,90 
DAI 

cloudy,  nio 

25     55     59  '  48       ,79 

do.  rain,  bit 

LY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 

i- 

s 

t 

11' 

27 

20S  .    BG 

1     B74     87*  4 1 '2di».lpni.'    2 

1    B71     871   4 ' 6du.    2  di. 

*p<n. 

28  205}      86 

3  m. 

29205  '    8G 

;     87i     87i  4 5dii.    2dii 

2j„. 

4  306 

H7 
87 
M7 

88j     88     4     115   235 2  dii 

2  pm. 

68*     88     4     ■— ,— i I3di». 'adi. 

87       sn    4     ; 15    7di».2pin 

2  pm. 

5  205 

80 

2di.. 

6  205 

87       871    1 • lS10diii.2di» 

2  pm. 

B2a5 

87       W7i    4ii   1151 15    5di«.2di, 

Spm. 

88       W7J   4     115J233    1  dii 

3  pm. 

10  205 

87 

881     ess   44  —  237      15  dii.    1  di« 

2;m. 

Il- 

87 

'     881      8814      lis    237    15  10di*.l  dii 

3}.. 

ia  205 

1     B8       88     4     ! 235    15    7di..2dU 

2  pm. 

13' 

eSl     H8   , ■ ,   15di^.2dii 

2fm. 

15  205 

87 

1     H?l     88! 233  '  7  13  dii.  2  dii 

2;„. 

16  205 

87J  1      ^85      B!»|    4#  ■ -■  5  10di«.2p>n 

pir. 

17  201 

B7 

1     88J     884 237    10   5di*.p«r. 

2jm. 

18  205 

88 

!     aai     88f  44 235   1  dii 

KQii     89     4i   115* lOdii.    1  di« 

Z^m. 

lfl205 

88 

2^. 

20 

88 

H9V     89 12di..    2dii 

1pm. 

22  20i 

88 

89*     89     44 233       5  dii.    2  di.. 

SbI     89   -^ 115   Sdifc    2di. 

1pm. 

23  20S 

88 

If.. 

24  205 

87 

89*     881  44 7  10dii.ldU 

:    B9|     89}  4i I    4pm.     4 

2  p.. 

25  20<; 

88 

1pm. 

26 



88 

90' 

^i  ** 



r™  t  i'^-< 

1pm. 

27205  ,    89}       90(     90* , 2; 


J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  Bad  Share  Broker, 

3,  Capthall  CbuDb«ri,  Angel  Coart, 

Throfmorton  Street,  l>oadM. 


J,  B.  movOLS  kM»  »(is«t  vwvnMil^,' 


INDEX 

TO  ESSAYS,  DISSERTATIONS,  AND  HISTORICAL  PASSAGES. 


•  • 


The  Principal  MemtHn  in  the  Obitua&t  are  tHsHneil^  entered  in  this  Index. 


Jderdeen  University,  election  of  Lord 

Rector  389 
Acton,  Lt.-CoL  William,  memoir  of  648 
jfinsworth,  Mr.  Jamet,  memoir  of  1 14 
jfkkartChurch,Chrht\^iii9it  described  495 
Jle  Yard,  one  described  338 
Alexander,  Robert,  eeq,  memoir  of  489 
Alexandria,  small  brass  coins  of  66 
America,  Ruined  Citiee  in  374 
Amiens,  New  Patron  St^ni  efTiO^  838 
Amney  Holjf-Rood  Cross  613 
Anglesey,  Marquess  qf,  memoir  of  638 
Anglo-Saxon  AntigniHes,  collection  of 

S80,  400 

—  Coins,  blundered  Legends 


of  303 


relics  from  Bartlow  173 


Antiquaries,  Society  of,  revited  Statutes 

of  50;  proceedings  63,I7S|S98,400»51S 
■  of  Neweastle'upott- 

Tyne,  meeting  of  69 
Antiquary,  Wanderings  tf  etn  135 
Antiquities,  sale  of  493  ;  forged  39  i 
Ami- Corn-Law  League  prises  164 
Arabic  Lexicon,  Mr.  Lane's  164 
^rcA<p0^tc«r///f#oria<toii,proceedings  68, 

300,  403,  514,621 
Court  at  the  Dublin  Exhi- 
bition 66 
— -  Institute,  proceedings  of 

66,  173, 299,  617  ;  annual  meeting  607 
Architectural  Societies  (^  lAneeln  and 

Northampton,  reunion  607 
Arctic  Expedition  491 
Arnold,  George,  esq.  sale  of  bis  pictures 

and  books  493 
Ainrow'headMoi%\\%x  found  in  N.  Britain  68 
Art  Union  of  London,  general  meeting 

of  608 
Artist^  Benevolent  Fund  Society  608 
Arundale,  Francis,  esq.  memoir  of  3S6 
Asceticism,  Early  Female  S46 
Ashby  Lodge,  safe  at  493 
Ashton-under-Lyne,  St.  Peter's  Chstreh, 

stained  glass  at  53 
Assyrian  Excavation  Society, proeetdmgi 

55 
Astrolabe,  dated  1342,  uses  of  67 
Astronomical  Dial,  made  in  1589,  63 

Society's  gold  medal  492 

Australia,  news  from  72 

IVew  Constitution  of  409 

Baden,  news  from  178 

Bag  or  Purse,  inscribed  metal  framework 

of  15tb  centunr  176 

Gent.  Mao.  vol.  XLT. 


BaOHe,  Sir  WUUam,  memoir  of  483 
BaUingaU,  OoL  D.  /.  memoir  of  533 
BedUmIiUl^.Carlow,urut  di8eo¥ered899 
BeUtie  Fleei,  newt  from  408»  516 
Banbury  Castle,  warrant  relating  to  683 
Bannerets,  notices  of  46 
Banffield  HaU,  sil? er  eoint  of  Eliiabeth 

found  176 
Barber,  Mr,  CkeKriee,  memoir  of  387 
Bardwett  Church,  mural  paintings  at  176 
Barker Jdr.T Jones,  picture  of  Nelson  54 
Bartlow  Hills,  ezeavations    ne^ir   67 1 

relics  from  173 
Barton,  Bemenrd,  tributary  sonnet  to  487 
Barton-sgpon'Humber  Ckurdk  476 
Beuilitdehf  gold  enp   belonging  to  bis 

Empress  178 
BtNtaria,  MBnf  qf,  bis  new  order   of 

ebiralnr  55 
Baxter,  Riehenrd,  his  Pn^^  at  Kidder- 

mineterSB 
Boeaseleri,  Aubrey  Wm.  esq*  memoir  of 

584 
Beasifert,  Duke  ^,  memoir  of  80 
BeekeVe  dispute  with  Henry  II.  571 
Bode,  Venerahle,  birtb.place  of,  408 
BedsngfMtf  Sir  Henry,  and  tbe  Prineese 

BUMobeih  7, 188 
BeUdrt  remarkable  skull  at  64 
B^her,  Henry,  esq.  memoir  of  431 
Bett  of  Drim,  the  Great  1 14 
BM,  Beeur'Adm.  Ckrietr.  memoir  of  87 
BelTe  WelHnytam  monumeni,  494, 609 
Benei,  Johs^  My*  monument  to  53 
Beutinekt  Lord  George^  statue  of  55 
BeaifMS,  Biehard  De  BeoMOObr,  esq.  me* 

moir  of  65 1 
Beremhe,  Qnoen,  coins  of  B%f  898 
Borerford,  FUld-Marehal  Piseouni,  me- 

moir  of  311 
Berlin,  Panorama  qf609 
■  ll0ya/X<^rory,ArabicMSS.at61O 

Berliot,  Madame  H.  memoir  of  548 
Berry f  Mies,  Memoir  of  Racbael  Lady 

Russell  141 
Betham,  Sir  fmtam,  library  and  MSS. 

of  283 
Betheli,  Col.  tbe  Parliamenterian,  letter 

of  178 
Betreihed-riny,  gold  inscribed  688 
Besrfteld^  WUUam  R.  Mme.  D.  nenoir 

of  102 
Birmimgham,  conference  on  the  refor- 
mation of  )of  enile  criminals  73 
Black  Sea  Fleei,  news  from  516,  680 

4R 


674 


Index  to  Eaajfit  tfc. 


JBfanqui,  M.  memoir  of  436 

Biois,  Bithop  Peter  de,  charter  and  teal 

of  175 
Blore  heath,  battle  of  64 
Bofgumt  Churehf  deacription  of  496 
Bohemia,  Frineete  Palatine  Elwibeth  pf 

451 
Booh  iittnu/aeturere  of  New  Yerk  164 
BookeelUre  of  Lenden  165 

■  Provident  Inttiiution^diiiWiA 
report  494 

^onMO,  stone  relict  found  in  617 
Bourbon,  Charlotte  de,  and  the  Prince  of 

Orange  453 
Boumememthf  stone  axe-beads  found  68 
Bowyer,  William,  the  Elder,  Printer, 

Theological  Papere  qf  160 
BoX'Moor,  fibula  found  at  64 
Bratlferd,  Gen,  Sir  Thomae,  memoir  of 

315 
Brandeeton,  Suffolh,  a  fetterlock  and 

cui  111  discovered  800 
Brent,  South,  Church,  canringt  in  S98 
Brewiter,  Sir  David,  elected  member  of 

Italian  Society  of  Sciences  98S 
Bridgemater,  carved  lock  of  1480  found 

at  404 
Brighton,  St.  Nieholae*  Old  Church,  rci. 

turatioii  uf  639 
Brietol  Arehaologieal  Society,  proposed 

formation  of  163  ;  first  meetinf  606 

■  Council  Houee,  paintings  c»f  983 
Britain,  France,  and  the  Channel  Islemdi, 

primeval  monuments  ill  173 
British  barrow  known  ae  Swarthhone, 

opeiiiiiic  of  999 
British  Museum,  Faussett  collection  of 

aniiquiiies,  and  Lar|»ent's  collection  of 

pla)Sf  rejected  by  169 
«  Library  of  the,  Guide  to 

57  i  defects  in  450,  600 

expenditure  of  605 


British  Tumuli  in  Yorkshire,  antiquities 

found  in  63 
British  um  found  at  lAnchlade  401 
Britons  and  Saxons,  chronology  of  their 

bat  lira  .'{00 
Broadsides,  Pictorial,  of  1 8th  century  5 1 3 
Broat/  Street,  London,  Roman  tessellated 

P'lveiUHiit  di^ccivered  404 
Broome,  Dr,  William,  rofmoir  of  694 
Broughton,  Andrew,  monument  to  960 
huch,  Louis  von,  collcciions  of  55 
Bucklersbury,  antiquities  found  in  519, 

513.6^.0.  699 
Budget,  snppjfmefitary  631 
Burke's  Heraldic  Visitations  569 
Burlington  House,  8<«le  uf  499 
Buiy  Athenaum,  inauKuraiion  of  51 
Bury  St.  Edmund^s  Church,  memorial 

window  in  165 

'  antiquities  of  176, 
694 

Butteiles   Church,  Absolution    Crosses 
found  at  179 


Bywater,  l%m»mt,  aeeoant-book  ot  165 
OmtIidsi  Aniiqueuriam  Mmtimftem,  lla- 

seum  of  980 
Caistor,  aiitiquitiei  fuvnd  at  3S8,  403 
Ca^fomia,  news  from  IS 
Cambridge  AnttqueKrUm  SeeUij^^  ■wetiofi 

of  404, 693 
—— -  Duka  tf^  «l€ctod  Ftadint  of 

Christ's  Hospital  889 
— — —  ImpreieewsgmiM,  I858»  88 
— — .  Antiqoitiea  of  1T5»  408 

Untsmeti^t    duriag    Um  ImI 


cantary  98 

HuUemspHssn  164 


nwsiWMnsm 


ry  lailt  la  iSl 
CambridyesMre,  Fm  Bemd  404 
Camden  Society,  anDiveraaiy  807 
Canada,  news  fron  808 
CanoMi,  the  emetmet 

remaina  disoovared  818 
Canute  and  Edmsmd  IrmsaUm^  batik  W 

tween  614 
Copt  Cod,  anecdota  of  a  viait  Co  88 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  news  froaa  78, 811 
Cmribe,  menM>ir  on  the  401 
Carlule  Cathedral,  fresco  diacovcffid  Sll 
Carter'e  JneUni  ArekUaeime^  draviip 

of  165 
C;«l«/dtf  j|f«ale,deaeribcd  178 
CastelUy-Bero,  bronse  dite  fovad  it  €19 
Castor,  near  Norwich^  bronse  bait  laosd 

174 
CathoHe  emd  jfyotfU^  Okmrdbt  ^isemtlt 

of  180 
Cowley,  ffVHam,  monuaiient  to  888 
Coxten,  biocraphy  of  61 1 
Celestine  III.  bulla  uf  406 
Celtic  coinefkund  in  tkaIeUef7%tmim 
Cervantes  and  his  WrUimga  864 
Persilrs  and  Sisiamanda  8S7i 

500 
Ceylon,  Fish-hook  monajr  of  66 
Chalk  Church,  sculpt ored  porch  of  898 
Channel  Islands,  chart  era  relaiiac  to  81 
Chantrey,  Sir  Francis,  nonuisftenC  lo  484 
Charles  I,  memorials  uf  114 1  ailvar  caia 

of  discovered  800 1  B«Borlal  riD8  if 

519;   rinff  and  knee-bnekU   of  4M^ 

569;  embroidered  shirt,  691  i  %lven, 

crucifla,  and  embroidered  ba^  of  883; 

letter  rrlatinic  to  eiecoffion  «*f  60 
Charles  II.  suj'ium  at  Brogoa  64  |  hb 

first  great  s^al  401 
Charpiyny,  Brocmrdm  div,  MonoaMatil 

cfAKy  of  68 
Charters  belonginy  fa  IJIe  flawiisirjrfMifc, 

65 
Chayne,  WWiam  dr,  teal  of  65 
Chenies,  monuniemal  efllj^ci  at  67 
Chesterford,  riravaiims  at  175 
Chichester  Theolegicml  CMe^^  Pflnrlpal 

appi-ii  ted  54 
Chiehall,  brau  of  8lr  Joho  de  la  8^  el 

309 
Cabrirt'tJSTiyilatiiaetfaaofl 


Index  to  Essays  f  ^e. 


675 


Christian  Knnwledge  Society,  and  the 

Sf|i(uagiiit  148 
Chritiian  Sqmlchral   Usages  of  early 

timet,  173 
Christianily,  History  of  Latin  569 
Chronological   Institute,  anniversary   of 

Chronology  and  Geography  of  the  Wars 
between  the  Saxons  and  Britons  30O 

Churches  and  Graveyards,  destruction 
of  GI8 

London,  contemplated  removal 

or  178,  598,  619 

Clare  Court  Leet,  paper  on  176 

bull  of  Innocent  VI.  fuund  at  177 

—  County  of,  gold  ornaments  disco- 
viTfd  619 

Clavering,  Sir  Tho,  John,  memoir  of  87 
Clive,  Hon,  Robert  Henry,  M,P.  memoir 

of  318 
Clon curry,  Lord,  memoir  of  82 
Clough,  6int  Arrow-heads  found  at  404 
Clyst  St.  George  Church,  restoration  of 

166 
Coal' Money  from  Dorsetshire  68 
Cockbum,  Lord,  memoir  of  646 
Coins  discuvered  at  Evenley  55  ;  unpnb* 
lished  varieties  of  rare  66  ;  ro»e-noble 
of  Edward  II.  found  in  eicavatinf?  in 
Bury*street,London68;  Roman  middle- 
brass  of  Claudius,  found  at  Kingsholm, 
near  Gloucester  173;  an  unpublished 
type  of  Cunubeline   175  ;  a  groat  of 
Philip  and  Mary,  a  penny  of  King  John 
struck  at  Dublin,  a  penny  of  Henry 
111.  176 
Colborne,  Lord,  memoir  of  645 
Colchester,  Roman  antiquities  at  70 
— — —  Castle,  controversy  on  290 
Colly er.  Rev,  Wm,  Bengo,  DD*  memoir 

of  655 
Conroy,  Sir  John,  memoir  of  433,  563 
Constable,  Sir  Marmaduke,  monument 

restored  53 
Contlans,  coin  of  found  at  Mentmore40l 
Comtanline  of  Russia,  marriage  of  567 
Constantinople,  panorama  of  54 
Constantinople,  Convention  signed  at  408 

news  from  516,  639 

Constantinople  and  Berlin,  treaties  be- 
tween 638 
Const antinus  Tiberius,  brass  coin  of  633 
Cooptr,  Edward,  Archd,  of  Hereford,  in- 
cised sepulchral  portrait  of  68 
Cojyyrights  and  Stereotype  Plates,  sale  of 

51 
Coriolanus,  Emendation  <if  a  passage  in 

279,  386 
Cote,  Roman  coins  found  at  398 
Counsels  Fees  49 
Courtenay,  Sir  Peter,  seal  of  631 
Coventry,  antiquities  found  in  the  Sher- 
borne river  at  400 
Cojc,  Francis  Augustus,  D.J)»  memoir  of 
323 


Creon,  Peter  de,  fepolchral  slab  of  803 
Oicket  St,  Thomas,  monument  of  Earl 

Nelson  3 
Croker,   Rt.  Hon,  J.  fF,  and  Moore'a 

Diary  115,365 
Croll,  Mr,  P)rameis,  memoir  of  663 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  original  warrant  of  176 
letter  of  391 


Richard,  autograph  of  393 


Cross  qfAmney  Holy- Rood  6 13 

Crosses  of  Lead,  absolution  engraved  on» 

llth  century  173 
Crucifix  of  the  1 2th  Century  enmmetled  68 
Crystal  Palace,  New,  cipenses  of  390 ; 

cumpletion  of  C04 
Cunoleline,  coin  of  175 
Cyprus,  sepulchral  effigy  from  67 
Ctars,  Traits  of  the  850 
Daeres,  Fice-Adm,  James  R,  memoir  of 

301 
Dalmatic,  and  ancient  stele  403 
Valton,  Dr,  tubscription  for  memorial 

to  494 
Daniell,  Edmund  R,  esq,  memoir  of  535 
Danubian  PrimipaHtiee,  news  from  516, 

639 
Darling's  Oerieal  lAhretry  391 
Dartmouth,  Earl  ^,  memoir  of  189 
Day  of  Humiliation  and  Prayer  517 
De  Butts,  Oen,  Sir  Augustus,  memoir  of 

816 
Denmark^  news  from  616 
Denison,  Dr,  Bp*  of  Salisbury,  memoir 

of  418 
Dennis  family,  arms  of  336 ;   ancient 

mansion  (»f  the  family  of  338,  501 
Depping,  George  Bernard,  memtnrol  103 
Devil's  Ditch  near  Brandon  404 
Devonshire,  Edw,  Earl  qf,  treatment  by 

Q.  Mary  4 
-^— —  gold  rings  found  in  630 
Dickey,  John,  esq,  memoir  of  653 
Dineley-Ooodere,  Sir  John,  munlerof  609 
Diocletian,  Emperor,  coins  temp,  of  55 
Dixon,  Rev,  ffllliam  Henry,  memoir  of 

438 
Doneraile,  Fiscount,  memoir  of  534 
Dorchester  Abbey,  Oxen,  eneauttie  tite> 

from  403 
Dorsetshire,  coal-money  from  68 
Dover  Museum,  sepulchral  slab  and  stone 

cross  at  303 
■  old  mansion  taken  down  338 

Drake,  Sir  Francis,  and  the  Spaniards 

368 
_._  Statue  at  OflTenbarg 

383 
Drontheitn  Corf  Atf<fra/, architecture  of  61tf 
Dry  den  the  Poet,  letters  of  393 
Dublin  Exhibition,  Archetoiogieai  Court 
.  at  66 
bubnoveilaunus,  on  the  attribution  of  a 

new  type  in  silver  to  66 
Dunkeld  CeUhedrui,  lepnlehral  bratt  Mi 

610 


676 


Index  to  E*iay*9  Sfc. 


Duntttfteraghf  rocking-slonet  in  the  dis- 
trict of  626 
Bart's  Colne,  effigies  of  Che  Veres  at  300 
East,  proposed  scientific  commission  to 

the  491 
EattoH    Church,    Suffolk,   brasses    and 

mural  paintings  in  6S3 
EccUtieuiieal  Commit$ion  410 
Edict  of  Names,  promulgation  of  Che 

339 1  revocation  of  592 
Edmonds,  Mr,  CAritf.  sale  of  bis  coins  303 
Edred,  coins  of  66,  626 
Edward  II.  rose- noble  of  68 
Edward  IK  coins  of  66,  G24 
Egypt  and  India,  Kne\^m^0TM}^\i\  131 
Einsiedlen,  Monastery  of  358 
Elizabeth,  Princess  (afterwards  Queen), 

ber  imprisonment   at  Woodstock  3, 

IS2 ;  letter  of  45  ;  autograph  of  392 
Elliee,  Capt,  Alexander,  memoir  of  89 
Elliott,  Sir  Henry  Mitrs,  memoir  of  424 

Vice^Adm*  Robert,  memoir  of  527 

Ellis,  Sir  Henry,  vote  of  thanks  to  63 
Encaustic  TUes  by  Messrs,  Maw  284 
Engineers,  Institution  qf  Civil,  meeting 

of  282 
England,  as  sketched  by  Foreign  Artitts  28 
Envermeu,  F\rank  cemetery  at,  vi«it  to 

63 
Escott,  Bickhamt  esq,  memoir  of  91 
Etchmiaxin,  Monastery  qf,  MSS.  at  500 
Suston-sguare  Station,  statue  of  George 

Stephenson  erected  at  494 
Bvenlfy,  near  Brackley,  coins  discovered 

at  55 
Bwin,  Dr.  litigious  character  of  24 
Ewing,  James,  esq,  memoir  of  203 
Exchequer,  Chamberlains  of,  seal  of  401 
Exhibition   of  Educational   Machinery 

proposed  491 

if  1851,  Memorial  o/604 

'  qfModemFrench  Pictures  609 
Bycken,  J,  yan,  memoir  of  327 
Eye,  Roman  gold  coins  found  at  624 
Eye  Castle,  account  of  624 
Faber,  Rev.  George  Stanley,  memoir  of 

537,  601 
Falcon,  Rear-Adm,  Gordon  T.  memoir 

of  528 
Fardell,  John,  esq.  memoir  of  430 
Faucit,  Mr,  John  Savilie,  memoir  of  104 
Fhussetts,  Dr.  Coins,  sale  of  5 1 
■  Collection  of  Antiquities   162, 

280,  493 
Fen  Road,  Cambridgeshire  404 
Fenestrelle,  wooden  frame  for  621 
Fereday  Fellowships  at  Oxford  163 
Fibula,  singular  circular  64 
Fischer  de  Waldheim,  Dr.  memoir  of  2 12 
Fish-hook  money  of  Ceylon  66 
Fleet  Hithe,  situation  of  490 
Florence,    Galileo's    Commentaries    on 

Dante  at  610 
Fontaine,  M,  Louis,  memoir  of  103 
Ffsrged  Jntiqmitko,  391 


Fortifications  of  London,  fictitious  views 

of  391 
Pbx,  Charles  James,  family  of  227 ;  youth 

of  228;  letter  of,  1792,  235 
Fox,  Sir  Stephen,  early  life  of  927 
Foxe,  his  exaggeration  as  an  historian  3 
fVamingham    Earl,    ancient    window- 
frame  at  621 
Prance,  news  from  305,  408,  515,  628 

—  Letter  on  prodamation  of  war 
with,  in  1549,  467 

Prospects  of  Religion  in  284 

persecution  of  the  Protestants  in 


345 
f)rancis  I.  golden  seal  of  64 
Freiburg,  monument  to  Berthold  Scht 

494 
^tf(2»-icA//.£fN;?eror,huntingteatof  175 
F)rench  Refugee^  reception  in  Prussia  5^4 

• •  Emigrants  in  London  596 

• Pictures,  Exhihition  of  609 

Friederich,  Andreas,  his  statue  of  Sir  F. 

Drake  282 
FuUerton,  Lord,  memoir  of  87 
Galileo* s  Commentaries  on  Dante  610 
Galway   Brooch,    description   of    146, 

176 
Gardiner,  fPilliam,  esq,  memoir  of  92 
Garrick,  Mrs.  Hogarth's  picture  of  609 
Gaye,  Jane  TYimmer,  memorial  window 

to  52 
Geographical  Society's  gold  medal  492 

■   anniversary  of  605 
Geological  Museum,  minerals  and  fossils 

presented  to  388 
George  II,    statue  in  Leicester-square 

494,  608 
Gerville,  Monsieur  de,  memoir  of,  2 II 
G^ffbrd,  Rear-Adm.  Jas,  memoir  of  648 
Gilbert,  John  Davies,  esq,  memoir  of  649 
Gillkrest,  James,  M.D.  memoir  of  210 
GiUow,  Rev.  Richard,  memoir  of  213 
Glasgow,  Victoria  Bridge,  opened  for 

traffic  180 
Glin,  The  Knight  of,  memoir  of  647 
G^ttces/tfTi  antiquities  discovered  at  173, 

486 
Gloucester,  Richard  D.  of,  Buiognph  68 
Gloves,  ornamented,  temp.  Charlee  I.  65 
Gnostic  talisman  68 

Godfrey,  Col.  Edwd,  Lee,  memoir  of  653 
Godwin,  Mqj.'Gen.  Henry,  memoir  of  599 
Goodere,  Capt.  trial  of  602 
Goodlake,  Thomas,  esq.  memoir  of  534 
Gordon,  Col,  Charles  E,  memoir  of  539 
Gordon   Square,  Catholic  and  Apostolic 

Church  180 
Gratebrooh,  Michael,  esq.  memoir  of  659 
Greece,  news  from  5 1 6,  630 
Greek  Sling' bullets,  description  of  697 
Greenwich,  antiquities  found  at  403 
Gregory,  Capt,  ^lliam,  memoir  of  90 
Oreswell,  Rev.  19^,  Parr,  memoir  of  427 
Grossi,  Jhmtnaso,  memoir  of  547 
Grotefend,  Dr,  George  F.  memoir  of  395 


Index  to  Essayij  SfCn 


677 


Gunnings  Henrys  esq,  memuir  of  207 
Gumet/f  J.  J,  and  Mrs.  Opie  588 
— —  Rich.  Hanbufi/f  esq,  memoir  of  320 
Haberdashers^  Hall,  antiquities  found  at 

619 
Haggiti,  Mr,  /irthur,  memorial  window 

(o  165 
Hague,  statue  of  William  II.  king  of 

Holland,  at  the  494 
Hales,  John,  Portrait  ^493,  5G2 
Hall,  Joseph,  Bp,  of  Norwich,  descend' 

ants  of  562 
Halsey,  Thomas  Plumer,  esq,  memoir  of 

649 
Hamburg,  International  CopyrightwithbO 
Hardingf  Mr.  George  Perfect,  memoir  of 

548 
Hardingstone,  Roman  remains  at  300 
Harington,  Rev,  Richard,  /)./>.  memoir 

of  206 
Harley,  Sir  Robert,  character  of  469 

'-  Robert,  Jirst  Earl  of  Oxford  47  I 

Lady  Brilliuna,  Letters  to  her 

Son  471 
Harper  Brothers,  of  New  York   164 
Harris, Richard,  esq,  M,P,  memoir  of  54 1 
Harrowby,  Dudley  Earl  of ^  monumental 

brass  to  53 
Hawtrey,  Dr,  sale  of  his  library,  165 
Hay,  Lt.'Gen,  James,  memoir  of  528 
Hedingham  Castle,  discoveries  at  300 
Hennezes,  descendants  of  the  69 
Henry  II.  and  Becket  57 1 
Henry  III.  penny  of  176 
Henry  VIII.  golden  seal  of  64 
Henwood,  James,  esq.  memoir  of  541 
Henzey,  Joshua,  portrait  of  69 
Hercules,  bronze  figures  of  622 
Herodotus,  on  the  particle  a>v  in  16 1 
Hexham,  gold  ring  found  at  68 
Hieratic  Papyri,  On  the  Select  514 
Hiliyards,  Isle  of  Wight,  stone  a&es  dis- 
covered 617 
Hind,  Mr.  discovery  of  a  planet  by  54 
Hindhaugh,  Nathaniel,  esq,  memoir  of 

431 
Hoare,  Mrs.  Frances  J),  memoir  of  204 
Hodgson,  Frederick,  esq,  memoir  of  652 
Hogarth's  picture  of  Mrs,  Garrick  609 
Holland,  Hemy  first  Lord  288 
Home,  Capt,  Sir  Jas,  Everard,  memoir 

of  4'23 
Homerton  College,  sale  of  54 
Hooper,  John  Kinnersley,  esq,  memoir  of 

651 
Horn  of  Ivory,  sculptured,  621 
Housesteads,  discoveries  at  400,  402 
Huguenots,  sufferings  of  the  344 
Hulsean  prize  1 64 

Human  Hair  for  Wig-makeri,  importa- 
tion of  450 
Humboldt,  Baron  W,  sonnets  by  55 
Humet,William  and  Richard, %2h\^  of  172 
Hurtf  Francis  Edward,  esq,  memoir  of 

534 


Huys,  Thomat,  Physician  to  Queen  Mstry^ 

grant  of  arms  to  176 
Hythefrom  the  Canal  139 
Illustrated  News,  inaccurate  prints  in  562 
India,  news  from  72 
International  Copyright  established  50 
Intramural  Interment  73 
Ipswich,  memorial  window  SiiSt,Maihew's 

Church  52 
Ireland,  Ancient  Map  of  21^ 
-^—  sculptured  crosses  in  175,299,617 

curious  relique  found  in  620 

Giants*  Cinders,  investigation  of 

627 
Irish  antiquities  in  stone,  gold,  and  bronze 

174 

Army  List,  1689-90  159 

Church  Mission  Society  181 

Irstead  and  Barton  Turf,  on  the  turf 

formation  of  625 
Isabella  Queen  of  Edward  II,  notices  of 

the  last  days  of  401 
Italy,  disturbances  in  305 
Ivory  casket  of  Saracenic  work  175 
Ivory  combs,  remarkable  298,  618 
Jacobite  garter  with  an  inscription  403 
Jamaica,  news  from  178 
JamesI,  letter  to  the  Emperor  ofRumaiS 
— —  proclamation  of  298 

//.  Irish  Army  IMt,  1689-90  159 

Rev,  Edward,  memoir  of  539 

Jameson,  Professor  Robert,  memoir  of  656 
Java,  weapons  and  implements  of  617 
Jay,  Rev,  ff^lliam,  memoir  of  324 
Jefferson,  President,  statue  of  283 
Jenkins^  Sir  Richard,  memoir  of  197 
Jenkyns,Dr,Dean  ofWells,memoir  of  425 
John  Tayleur,  wreck  of  the  ship  181 
Joliffe,  Col,  Jno,  Twyford,  memoir  of  430 
Joryng  or  Jouring,  explanation  of  the 

word  226 
Kay,  Ellis  Cunliffe  Lister,  Esq,  memoir 

of  321 
Kent,  On  the  Sea  Margins  of  404 
Kidderminster,  Baxter's  pulpit  at  33 
King's   College,  London,  professors  ap- 
pointed 54 
Kingsholm,  near  Gloucester,  relics  found 

at  173,  486 
Kilkenny  Archaeological  Society,  meet<* 

ings  of  405,  626 
Kilkenny,  seal  of  Thomas  de  Ros  627 
Kitklispeen  Cross,  sculpture  of  617 
Klitz,  Mr,  Philip,  memoir  of  328 
Knights  Banneret  46 
La  Chaise,  Pere,  character  of  343 
LallemenVs  History  of  Columbia^  Stric- 
tures on,  603 
Lambert,  Me^or-'Gen*  an  order  by,  1650 

173 
Lancashire,  strikes  of  workmen  in  73 
Larpent  Collection  of  Plays  162 
Lateran  Palace,  ancient  mosaic  of  the  406 
Latter,  Capt,  Thomas,  memoir  of  530 
Lawless,  Hon.  Cecilf  memoir  of  87 


678 


Ind€S  to  Eitaywy  4^. 


haifwri^  Autten  Hefunf^  freedom  of  the 

City  of  London  presented  to  883 
Learned  Socieiiee  in  ike  Utdted  Kingdom 

56 
Ledbury,  incised  memorial  foand  at  68 
J>  Grice,  C.  f^.  sonnet  to  Bernard  Bar- 
ton 487 
Leieeeter,  Meeting  ef  Archiiecturai  So- 
cieties at  607 
Leiffhten,  Arekb,  proposed  memorial  to 

390 
Lethering-hamfioken*  and  coins  found  300 
Lewes,  bronie  relique  found  nenr  6S0 
Libraries  and  Museums^  Public  388, 493 
Lichfield  Caihedralf  monumental  brass 

ill  52 
Lichfield,  Ewrl  of,  memoir  of  644 
LiUebonne,  bronie  gilt  statue  from  53 
Linchtade,  Brit  lib  urn  found  at  401 
Literary  Fund  Society,  annifersary  of  608 
— —  Pensions  54 

Property,  sale  of  51 

Liverpool  Museum  of  Antiquities  380 

Seientifie  Societies  of  499 

London  Booksellers  165 

—  Bridge,  ^old  rinj  found  176 
Corporation^  Report  on  631 

■  FlcHHous  View  ^  the  Fortifi- 

cations of  Z9\ 
'■'  French  Emigrants  in  596 

■  map  of,  in  tbe  olden  time  391 

^— —  Medical  Society,  meeting  of  389 

—  Pageant  of  1684,  380 
ditcoreries    of   antiquities  404, 


619,  623 
London    University  College,  feological 

museum  at  388 
Londonderry,Marques9  ^,memoir  of  41 5 ; 

will  450 
Lopes,  Sir  Ralph,  memoir  of  433 
Lord  Lieutenants  of  Counties,  early  his- 
tory of  398 
Lord  Mayor^s  Pageant  of  1684,  380 
Lothaire,  Emperor,  silver  coin  of  406 
Louis  VIL  of  France,  letter  of  65 
Louis  XIV,  of  France,  character  of  343 
Louvois,  character  of  343 
Love,  Nicholas,  monument  to  363 
Lowther,  Gorges,  esq,  memoir  of  535 
Loyola,  Ign,  bis  early  history  580 
Lucas,  John,esq.  memorial  window  to  5l7 
Lucian,  The  Toxaris  qfVl 
Ludlow,  Edmund,  monument  to  860 
Lychnoscopes  in  Churches  399 
Lydiard  Milicent,  iconoolasm  at  3 
Macartney,  George  Earl  of,  sale  of  the 

library  and  MSS.  of  383 
Mackenzie,  Gen,  Sir  Alex,  memoir  of  3 1 4 
Mackeson,  Lt,'Col,Frederic,memiAroi 200 
Maddox,  Mr,  Willes,  memoir  of  103 
Jifoff«<rtcA/,  coffer  set  with  gems  from  176 
Maidstone,  spear-head,  &c.  found  at  683 
Maintenon,  Madame  de,  character  of  343 
Majolica,  choice  examples  of  176|  300 
Mallet  ike  Peei^  Am  iv^fe  ot  % 


Maltai  Mountain,  hassi-relicH,  406 
Maltby,  fVUliam,  esq,  memoir  of  809 
Marlay,  Sir  John,  and  hiedescendeuUe  408 
Marlboremgh  Homse,  models  by   ItaliaQ 

sculptors  391 
Maroehetti^s  Statue  ^  Eiehard  Onar  de 

Lion  383 
Martin,  John,  esq.  memoir  of  433 
Mary,  Q%ieen,  autograph  of  393 
Mayence,  Roman  casket  found  at  174 
Mayer,  Joseph,  museum  of  antiquities 

880, 493 
Meagher,  William,  literary  excursion  of 

405 
Medical  Society  of  Lendon,tamettn^  of  389 
Medici,  Cosmo  de,  seal,  with  arms  of  898 
Meert^s  dispute  wUh  Sir  fFl  Raleigh  18 
Mentmore,  Anglo-Sasun  remains  fuond 

at  401 
^ert,  weapons  of  the  New  Zealanders  404 
Merrie  England,  meaning  of  tbe  phrase 

876 
Metal  Box  engraved,  of  17th  century  684 
Metcaffe,StrT.Theophilus,memolro{  197 
Microscopical  Society,  606 
Middlesex  Hospital,  enlargement  of  181 
MiU,  Rev,  fV.  Hedge,  D.D,  memoir  of  805 
Moir,  Dr,  monument  to  55 
Monaster boiee,  sculptured  cross  et  690 
Monastic  Library  Caialegues,  anno  1 1489 

623 
Montgomery,  James,  esq,  memoir  of  659 
Montserrat,  Our  Lady  of,  shrine  of  576 
Monypenny,  Lt,mCol,  Themae  G,  memoir 

of  533 
Moore,  Tkos,  and  Rt.  Hen,  J.  fF.  Oroker 

115,365 
More,  Sir  WilUam,  marriage  expenses  of 

tbe  daughter  of,  15679  401 
More,  Sir  Thomas,  seal  of  619 
Moretom  Family,  charters  relating  to  688 
Mostyn,  Lord,  memoir  of  584 
la  Mottedu  Chdtelard,  artificial  hill  of  408 
JIfotnif  Harry,  near  Lewes,  British  ora 

discovered  near  175 
Mountain,  Csl,  Armine  S,  H,  memoir 

of  530 
MmlreadyU  Inierier  qfa  Barbee's  Shop  55 
Museums,  Local,  oontributions  to  6u5 
Musselburgh,  monument  to  Dr.  Moir  55 
Muttlebury,  Col,  George,  memoir  of  808 
Nantes,  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  599 
Napier,  Copt,  Henry  E.  memoir  of  90    ' 
Naples,  prisoners  at  630 
Napoleon* s  Russian  Campaign  468 
Narbonne,  M.  de,  Life  of  458 
Naworth  Ceutle,  restoration  of  506 
Needlework,  temp.  Henry  VIL  684 
NeUon  and  Wellington,  Tombs  of  8 
Rev,  f9^lHam  Earl,  monoment 

to8 
Netherlands,  Treaty  of  Peace  with  1667, 

393 
Nesham,  Adm,  Chriei,/,  W.  aemoir  of 

ai6 


Index  to  Esiai^t,  Sfc. 


679 


NeUerville,  Jamet  Viieount,  memoir  of 

418 
Newark  Churchy  sepulchral  brass  at  62 1 
Newtmrffh,  Countett  of,  memoir  of  88 
New  Cannon  Street  ^  discoveries  in  404,633 
Newca8tle'Upon-J}fne,y9orki  of  tlie  castle 
in  1357,  69;  rents  payable  for  iti  de- 
fence 403 

.    Literary  and  Phi' 
lotophical  Society,  library  of  388 

Society  of  Antiquariet,  meet- 


ings of  69,  408,628 
New  England  Historic  Genealogical  SO' 

ciety,  meeting  of  880 
Newmarket  Heathy  golden  whistle  found 

i77 
Newport y  metal  stamp    13th    century 

from  619 
Newport^  George,  esq.  memoir  of  660 
New  Yorkt  destructive  fire  at,  164 
New  Zealand,  antiquities  from,  404 
Nimroud,  Obelisk  discovered  610 
Nineveh,  Excavations  at  405 
Noi'den  the  Topographer,  notices  of  388, 

385,  450 
Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archaological  So* 

ciety,  meeting  of  685 
Norris,  Capt,  memoir  of  90 
Northampton,  Architectural  Society  388, 

607 
Northumbrian  Families,  proofs  of  age  of 

402 
— — —  Btycas,  catalogue  of  402 
Norton  Bavant  Churchy  monument  in  53 
Nor  tony    near  Sheffield,   statue   of   Sir 

Francis  Chant  rey  at  494 
Norway  fVooden  Churches  496 
Norwich,  Hospital  for  Sick  Children  163 
■  Reformatory  Jsylum/or  CrinU" 

nals  163 
Numismatic  Society,  meetings  of  65, 303, 

404,  513 
Nuneaton  Church,  monuments  restored 

53  ;  ornamented  lile  from  68 
Old  and  New  Testament,  On  the  MS. 

Versions  of  the  68 
Opie,  Mrs.  Amelia,  memoir  of  95,  813 1 

memorials  uf  581 
Orange,  Prince  of,  historical  notices  of 

451 
Orlofy  family  of  567 
Osengall,  Saxon  Cemetery  at  137 
Oxford  Septuagint,  remarks  on  1 14, 858, 

37H,  488 
^— -  University,  intelligence  55,  163, 

387,  494  ;   refurm  of  50,  386 
Oxfordshire  (North)  Arehmetogieat  So- 
ciety 623 
PaicBontographical  Society,   meeting  of 

388 
Palestine  Archaeological  Aseociation,  for- 

mntion  uf  280;  first  meeting  405 
Palgrave,  Saxon  ornament  found  at  684 
Pall  Mall,  mallets  and  ball  used  in  the 

game  300,  512 


Palmenten,  Lard  Viteemii,  intended  re- 
signation of  73 
Panama,  Old,  coins  discovered  tt  178 
Panorama  of   Constantinople    54;    of 

Berlin  609 
Papyri,  On  the  Select  Hieratic  514 
Poftiament,  Session  1854  opened  by  the 

Queen  409 
Parma,  Duke  of,  death  517;  memoir  637 
Pasco,  Rear'Adm.  John,  memoir  of  88 
Paula  and  Eustochium,  Aeeetidem  o/iA6 
Pellico,  Silvio,  memoir  of  546 
Pembroke,  Ann  CMtntets  of,  letter  of  898 
Persian  copper  coin  (called  Kasbegi)  303 
Persilee  and  Sigismunda,  by  Cervantes 

267,  500 
Pertz,  Dr.  visit  to  England  55 
Peter,  Czar,  invasion  of  Turkey  358 
Petit,  Lt.'CoL  Peter  John,  monumental 

brass  of  58 
Peto,  Mr.  gift  to  Baptist  Missionary  So" 

ciety  164 
Peyton,  Sir  Henry,  memoir  of  481 
Philotnblon,  The,  formation  of  the  So- 
ciety 608 
Phips,  Sir  miliam,  family  of  46 
Phipps,  Sir  Constantino,  family  of  46 
Physicians  (English)  in  Russia  44 
Piccadilly,  described  by  Damas  29 
Pickering  Church,  mural  paintings  in  69 
Pickering  if  Tiehmarsh,  family  uf  8 
Pictures,  sale  of  Mr.  Arnold's,  499 ;  of 

Lord  C.  Townsbend*8,  609 
Pigott,  Mr.  Smyth,ia\e  of  the  1  ibrary  of  1 65 
Plumage  to  High  Places  358 

Piiyr%m*sProgresSytranslated  intoChincse 

164 

PUkington,  Sir  Thomas,  memoir  of  481 
Planet,  New,  discovery  of  54 
Plaques,  enamelled,  I3th  centuiy  400 
Playing  Cards  engraved  619 
Plnnket,  Lord,  memoir  of  165,  191 
Pocklington  Grammar  School,  seal  of  6 1 9 
Point'laee  Dresses,  llth  Century  681 
Poitiers,  shrine  of  St.  Radegonde  883 
Poland,  sepulchral  brasses  in  618 
Pontefract  Castle,  siege-piece  struck  in 

514 
Ponton,  Thomas,  esq.  memoir  of  98 
Pope  Innocent  VL  bull  of  177 
Portland,  Duke  of,  memoir  of  583 
Portsmouth,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  190 
Portugal,  Queen  of,  memoir  of  79 
Potters*  Marks  138 
Potsdam,  ancient  cutlery  from  514 
Poutett,yiee'Adm.H9n.G.  memoir  of  480 
Powell,  Col.  fyUHam  Edward,  memoir 

of  648 
Pratellis,  teals  of  65 
Precedency,  Table  ef  371,  450 
PreseotJrorking'Man'sLibrary,  opening 

of  51 
Pretender,  mtnifesto  of  the  64 
Printers^  Pension  Soekty,  annnil  report 

389 ;  dinner  608 


680 


Index  to  Eaayif  ijfc. 


PnnOng  auhi  in  ikeUfUted  Kingd§m  56 

Prize  Estaya  164 

Provif,  lee  Smith 

Pruitia,  Commercial  Protperitjf  c/594 

Pueklechurch,  Mansion  if  ike  Dennis 

Family  at  926,  338,  590 
Radelmfe,  Robert,  esq.  memoir  of  649 
Radowitz,  General  Joseph  von,  memoir  of 

181 
Rahan,  circular  window  at  175 
Railways f  land  occupied  by  181 
Raleigh,  Sir  Walter,  at  Sherborne ;  Mr. 

Collier'8  memoir  of  401 
Ramsden,  Rear-Adm,  William,  memoir 

of3l7 
Ranelagh  Chapel  288 
Rangoon,  the  church  at  286 
Ratcliffe  Highway,  fibula  found  at  303 
Raunceby  Church,  paintings  discovered  at 

175,  298 
Ready,  Mr,  his  collection  of  seals  621 
Reform  Bill  410;  wi  tbdraw  n  5 1 7 
Rehausen,  Baron  de,  memoir  of  525 
Reliquary  qflatUn  metal,  1 5th  century  68 
Renfrew  Atliemeum,  inauf^urated  55 
Renouard,  Mons,  Antoine  Aug,  memoir  of 

545 
Rheims,  decorative  pavement  at  618 
Rhine-Land  and  its  Romance  240 
Richard  Coeur  de  Lion,  statue  of  282 

///.  MS. with  the  autograph  of  68 

Riehards,Rev,J,Loscombe,  memoir  of  425 
Richardson,  James  Malcott,  esq.  memoir 

of  542 
Richboroughf  coin  of  Pepin  found  at  66 
Rickford,  ff^lliam,  esq.  memoir  of  321 
Riddle,  Edward,  esq.  memoir  of  661 
Ring'Money  as  a  Medium  qfExchange65 

Silver,  Irish  174 

Ripon,  Greek  and  Romau  coini   found 

near  626 
Roberts,  Wilson  A,  esq.  memoir  of  322 
Rochester,  Saxon  remains  at  68 
Roman  Catholics,  number  of  180 
|{omanCAm/uinLofN/»f,descriptionof300 
— —  and  Prankish  Cemeteries  55 

terra-cotta  lamp  403 

Rome,  Antiquities  of  406 

Catacombs  at  270 

Rood-screen  at  Yaxley  Cliurch  623 
Rowe,  Rev.  Samuel,  memoir  of  543 
Royal  Albert,  Launch  of  the  562,  631 
Royal  Autographs  392 

Royal  Society,  anniversary  50;  elections 

605 
i— ^— — —  qfLiterature,me6i\ngoi  5 1 4 
Rubini,  Giambaitista,  memoir  of  547 
Rugby f  Anglo-Saxon  relics  found  near  298 
Russell,  Rachel  Lady,  character  of  140 

Lord  William,  trial  of  143 

Russia,  English  Physicians  in  44 

■  Emperor  of,  letters  from  Queen 

Elizabeth  and  James  I.  to  45 

-  and  TTurkey,  war  between  71 

War  with  304,  4C7r  408,  5 15 


563 


RusHa,  Traitt  of  IIm  Csan  850 
— — -  contraat   between    the 

and  the  Serf  47e 
Russian  Parttrrt^  Lamssoi/lmis  « 
Sack  Pottiss  400 
St.  Jlkmn'9,  tesielUted  pavemeoc  sai 

relief  from  67 
St.  Benetfnk  Ckaurek,  sepulchnl  riahi 

discovered  on  site  of  403 
St.  EtkMmrgnU  Ckm^  tombs  and  ae. 

tiquitiei  in  619 
St.  HOen's  Ckurek,  archlteetnre  of  III 
51.  iMke,  pictures  aod  stataet  of  the 

Virgin  Mary,  tttributed  to  13S 
St.  Martin's  WorkMmtaaf  aacieet  icel^ 

ture  from  623 
St.  Patrick's  Momisi^^  blttory  of  6S7 
St.  PauTs   Caihedrmit    mmtf    wlam  ^, 

opened  494,  609 
St.  Rad€gend€,  ofJPaiiiar^,  ehrine  of  ttt 
St.  Sithe,  and  Si,  QiUha,  dedieatioa  rfi 

church  to  338 
Si.  Tkowuu  of  Oealerfaity,  paiatiap  rf 

the  murder  of  515 

I  alabaster  lab- 
let  of  621 
la  Salette,  apparition  of  tho  Virgie  ac  II 
Salisbury,  Dr.  Danism,  BMk^  ^,  as- 

moir  of  416 
Sandon  Chmrck,  roonumenCal  bn«la  53 
Saunders,  Thomas,  eaq,  F.S.ji*  mmm 

of  432  (see  July  Maf .  p.  9.) 
Saviour  Oruei/kd,  peculiarities  ia  tbt 

representation  of  175 
Saxon  Brooch,  sH  wUk  gtms9  175 

fibula  found  near  Wa^ard  68 

Saxon  and  Irish  illnmiDaCed  MSS.  174 
Saxony,  Anne  af^  letters  of  45S 
^Miuftfiaeiaii  SUms  WemfmsM  617 
SchiUer,  Oversight  e^603 
Schleslnger,  Max,   desciiptlon   of  ths 

English  30 
Schneider,  Hsrr  J.  (X  F.  memoir  of  il3 
Schomberg,  Rev.  A.  C.  memoir  of  114 
Schools  of  Art,  ettabliabed  499 
Schwart,  Berthold,  monument  to  494 
Scotish  Industrial  Mmooum  605 
Scotland,  Society  ffAnHqmmriatMitmm, 
free  admission  to  55 

Public  Rocordi  of,  ftoe 


to  281 

Screw  Line  qfBmitIo  Skft  406 
Seals  of  gold  of  Francis  I.  and  Henry 
VIII.  64,  from  the  Channel  lalanda  65, 
of  Humet  172,  of  tbe  Aonatinians* 
Ballinrobe  278,  of  Chamberlains  of  the 
Exchequer  401,  vsriuns  ancieat  17% 
298,  619,  621.624,  687;  cuUeeted  by 
Mr.  Ready,  621 
Seal-ring,  engraved  338 
Sens  Cathedral,  ivory  comb  at  998 
Septuagini,  The,  of  the  C!4rMm  ITaw 
lodge  Society  148,  896 

Oxford Ediitm  ff  \\^%g/^ 

378,  488 


Index  to  Essays^  Sfc. 


681 


Sepiuagintf   The,  of  the  Moscow  Bible 

Society  374 
published  by  Messrs,  Baxter 


374 


new  edition  of  562 


Sepulchral    Usages  of  Early    Christian 

Times  172 
Shakespeare  Society f  termination  of  608 
Shakspere,  Oversight  qf603 
Shaksperean  discoveries  in  America  1 64 
Sherborne,  Sir  Waller  Raleigh  at  17 
Sherborne,  River,  relics  found  in  174 
Sherbum Hospital,  The  late  Master  o/60l 
Sheriffs  for  the  year  1854,  list  of  305 
Shrewsbury,  seal  of  the  town  of  619 
Shrines  and  Images  of  Ihe  Virgin  Mary 

129 
Silchester,  Roman  antiquities  found  174 
Silver,  Toilet  Instruments  ^  1599,  681 
Simeon,  Sir  Richard  G.  memoir  of  197 
Sling. bullets,  inscribed  $98 
Smithy  John,  Esq,  memoir  of  542 
'  Mr,  C.  Roach,  letter  on  the  an- 

tiquities at  Colchester  70 

(^or  ProvisJ,  Richard  Hugh,  trial 


of  517 

Sodom,  supposed  ruins  qf  405 
Sompting  Church,  proposed  restoration 

of  67 
Sons  of  the  Clergy,  bi-centenary  Festival 

631 

5or6i>rtf»Af.  Journey  to  London  1698,  114 
Southampton,  Old  Dock,  fall  of  the  wall 

181 
Spain,  news  from  72,  178,  631 
Spanish  seal  of  polished  jet  1 76 

• pavement  tiles  6'i  I 

Springett,  Lady,  kkill  as  an  oculist  468 
Stanhope,  Michael,  Vice-/1dm.  seal  of  624 
Stanley  family ,  anecdotes  of  26 
Stanton,  co.  Staff,  ^old  torque  fuund  at  1 74 
Star  Chamber  proceedings,  example  of  18 
Statistical  Society, e\ec\'\o\\  of  officers  388 
Statues  in  London  494,  bill  for  protection 

of  608 
Stratford-on-jlvon,  great  fire  at  298 
Stephenson,  George ,  statue  of  494 
Stevens,  Mr.  H.  English  library  5 1 
Stevenson,  Seth  fVm,  esq,  F,8.A,  memoir 

of  208 
Stjom,  publicaiiou  of,  in  Norway  164 
Stoke  Ash,  British  cinerary  urn,  found  at 

624 
Stone  Implements,  Illustrated,  403 
Stoner,   Mr.   Jas,  SargasU,  memoir  of 

326 
Strachan,  Sir  John,  memoir  of  421 
Stukeley,  Dr,  extracts  from  MS.  diaries 

of  48 
Sudbury,  silver  betrothal  ring  618 
Suffolk  Institute  ofArehaology,  meetings 

of  176,  623 
Sunderland,  origin  of  the  name  402 
Surrey  Arch^oUgical  Societyf  formation 

of  162,  493  ;  inaugural  meeting  606 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI. 


Surrey,  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of,  poetry 

of  292 
Sussex  Archmolegical  Society,  meeting  of 

607 
Swaffham  Church,  restoration  of  610 
Swiney  Prize  164 
Sydenham,  Crystal  Palace  at,  completion 

of  604 
Syracuse,  gold  coins  404 
Talfourd,Mr.  Justice,  memoir  of  525 
Taper-stand,  silver,  14th  century  624 
Tarring  Church,  restoration  of  5 1 7 
Taylor, Major-Gen,  Tho,ff^.  memoir  of  3 1 7 
Termonfechin,  sculptured  cross  at  620 
Tessellated-pavement  found  in  London6 1 9 
Thames,  antiquities  found  in  298,  300, 

401,403 
TTkanet,  Isle  tf,  Celtic  coins  found  in  ^^ 
7*A«tt</ona,  new  patron  saintof  Amiens 270 
Thomasms,  Hon.  James,  memoir  of  199 
Thompson,  William,  esq,  M,P,  memoir  of 

650 
Thomson,  Sir  James,  memoir  of  424 
Thoretby,  Ralph,  portrait  of  298 
Thornton,  Lt.' Gen,  Sir  C,  W,  memoir  of 

647 
TKomtonSchools,tiTtcit^  andendowed389 
Thorp  Arch,  a  Roman  villa  at  626 
Thyngkul,  Seal  qfJohn  277 
Tibet,  Monetary  System  ofblli 
Tiger  steamer,  destruction  of  630 
TUe,  Paving, ancient  68 ;  Mr.  Maw's  284 
Thsdal,  Charles  John,  esq,  memoir  of  323 
Tmesis  used  by  Herodotus  226 
Tokens,  stone  mould  for  casting  68 
Topographers,  the  first  English  ZB% 
Tomy,  stone  sepulchre  discovered  at  63 
TownshendfLd,  C.,sale  of  his  pictures  6O9 
Toxaris  ofLueian  37 
Trade  Museum  605 
7)reasure'trove,it}UTiou%  effect  of  the  law 

of  619 
Trim,  the  greait  bell  of  1 14 
IViptyeh  qf  Ivory,  J  3th  ceoiury  65 
Trubshaw,  Mr,  James,  memoir  of  97 
Truster,  Dr,  John,  anecdotes  of  114 
Tuam  Cathedral,  sculptured  arch  in  175 

—  sculptured  cross  at  617 
Turin,  news  from  178 
Turkey,  news  from  7 1»  515 

—  invasion  by  Czar  Peter  352 
United  States,  President's  message  72 

news  from  178,  517,  631 

^— — —  manufactures  of  390 
Universal  Alphabet,  conference  on  281 
Up'Lyme,  tessellated  pavement  173 
Vale  Crude  Abbey,  leaden  dove  found  at 

619 
Flan  Diemen's  Land,  news  from  72 
Fedder,  Mr,  David,  memoir  of  662 
Venetian  glass,  covered  cup  of  68 
Fere,   Sir    Francis,  and    the  Earl  qf 

JVorthumberland  401 
Vernon,  Adm.  letter  and  tnecdotes  of  601 
— — —  Tkomat,  inquiry  concerning  603 

4  8 


682 


Indue  to  Booht  RmnMfd. 


yigspanant  coins  of,  ditcorered  tt  Bart* 
low,  174 

Feuay  Church,  inonuments  of  the  Eng- 
lish republican  refugees  in  260 

Fiennoj  news  from  51 S 

■  Conference  ai  699 

Vienne  in  France,  library  destroyed  hy 
fire,  284 

Filkina-Saga^  publication  of  164 

Virgin  Mary,  apparition  of  10 

■  Shrines  and  Imagte  of  199, 

364 

Visconti,  M.Louis  Joachim,  memoir  of  544 

VuUiamy,  B.  L,  esq.  memoir  of  3S5 

Walker,  Capi,  Joe,  risit  to  the  rained 
cities  of  America,  874 

Wallace, Hon,JamesHope,  memoir  of  480 

Wallachia,  news  from  177 

fFangford^Suffolh,  ancient  relies  found  67 

fTar  declared  wUh  RusHa  407 

War  with  France^  1549,  Letter  en  467 

^ardlaw, Rev, Ralph,  JD.D.memoirof  653 

Warner,  Capt,  Samuel  Alfred,  memoir 

of  549 
Warwick,   Sir    Philip,  Ring  yiven  by 

Charles  /.  to  450,  568 
Washington,  co,  jDurham,  gold  ring  with 

moito,  found  at  623 
Weapons,  Ancient  68 
'                 in  stone  and  bronze,  630 
Jfebb,  General,  anecdote  of  608 
Ff^edding  Ceremonies,  Ancient  379 
ff^eddle,  Mr.  Thomas,  memoir  of  100 
ff^el/ord,  Saxon  fibula  found  near  68 
Wellesley,  Marchioness,  memoir  of  188 
Wellington  College,  Incorporation  of  163 
City  of  London  Monument  in 

Guildhall,  494,  609 

Memorial  at  Brighton  609 

ff^ells,  Dean  of.  Dr.  Jenkyns,  memoir 

of  485 
Wenden,  Roman  remains,  relics  found 

at  67,  175 
Westminster  ^  Palace  ({f,  decoration,  of  389 
Wharton,  Nehemia,  letters  by,  1648,  64 
Whitby  f  British  barrow  opened  near  899 
White/riars,  ornamental  brick  found  tt 

G81 


mddritigtm,  HmMj  of  99M 

Wtghi,  JOe  if,  Brititb  TnmiiU  Im  114 

Wig-mmk9r9f  Humui  hair  iMjMtM  f» 

450 
Wilhn,  JeHm^  ehmneier  of  009 
mukm  //.  JOv  y  Hwlkm^,  HMm  rf 

494 
mUiams,  Mr.  Sammutt  OMVoir  •!  101 
fFilson,  Pr^hnr  Jokm^  meBoir  of  OT 
—  Asv.    Hmrp     BH&Jwm^    AA 

memoir  of  535 
WiUom,  earthen  lamp  found  at  091 
f^tkeh^tier,  leaden  token  d«Ud  llllf 

found  tt  68 
fFlsteknter    Ooil€g€,   ■eolptnrid  eiM* 

ments  diseorered  309 
Winchester,  8t.  J0kn*9,  Mural  paintl«p 

discorered  515 
WindoW'/roMe  for  a  fenaatrelle  021 
Wingfleld  famUy,  bratsea  of  699 
Wiseman,  CarOimi,  bit  Mrmon  at . 

878 
WUham,  Sir  Charlm,  manifdr  nf  87 
Woodstock,  Printn$  JSHwrnieik  « 

ol  3, 182 

Woolhampton,  stone  coflln  lid  froa  514 
Woolwieh,  launch  of  the  Royal  Altat 

631 
Worceeter  ArekUeehirai  S^eUti^f  ■nibf 

607 
WycHffes  Versions   of   Old    aad  Mf* 

Testament  68 
Wyliie,  Sir  Jamm,  memoir  of  693 
Yaxley  Church,  arehitecture  of  093 
Yhrlen,  Danish  itkmd  ef^  anelcat 

discovered  303 
Vork,  antiquities  found  at  69^  099 
YorhMhire,  antiquities  fonnd  in  BrilM 

tumuli  in  63 
Yorkshire  Ayrieuttumi  BaeiH^,  matfl«| 

of  607 
Yorkshire  Aniifumrian  dmkp  nicetino>  if 

69,  686 
y^rifrfMre  ^U<2r,saeriflei«l  tumuliieooii 
Youghal,  Monastic  Seal  diicoTered  at  917 
Zoological  Society,  annual  report,  800 

' ■"  annual  meetlnf 

Zwingle,  Ulric,  his  early  biatoiy 


INDEX  TO  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 


Adams,  Parliamentary  Handbook  169 

Ailirford  62 

Akerman,J,  Y.  Remains  of  Pagan  Saxon- 

dom  166 
Amney  Holy  Rood,  Notes  on  the  Cross 

of  618 
Ancient  Gothic  Churches  495 
Anderson,  Sir  C.  Juurnal  in  Norway  495 
Angus,  Dr.  J.  Bible  Hand-Book  615 
Apostolical  Epistles,  Annotations  en  615 
Aristophanes,  Comedies  TVaJuiaied  609 
Armenia  499 


Astronomical  smd  OaUogiemi  i^l 

168 

Avillon  asul  oihmr  TaUs  69 
Ballad  Poetry,  Pietorial  Bmk  ^900 
Band  ofHm  Rtviam  899 
Bartlett,  W.  H.  The  PUgrim  Patbara  M 
Bath,  Osnmeiim  ^,  wUk  Of  TfianftnO 

ofiif  Science  of  EimyUmd  107 
Beamieh,  Rev.  B.  H.  Trutb  apokan  In 

Lore  509 
Bell,  R.  Annotated  Edition  of 

Pbett89l 


Index  to  Books  Reviewed. 


6B3 


Benedieiions,  or  the  Blested  Life  5Q8 

Bible,  Treatiee  on  pecuiiarities  of  60 

Bible  Hand-Book  615 

Blue  Jacieli  bl2 

Bohn*s  Clauical  Library  505,  614 

— —  Bccletiastical  Library  505 

—  Standard  Library  510 

Booker,  J,  Obsolete  Words  aiid  Pbraset 

in  the  Bible  61 
Boylan,  R,  D.  Translation  of  Gdtbe't 

Novels  and  Tales  399 
Bfighiwellp  L.  Memorials   of  Amelia 

Opie581 
Brutol,  Curiotiiiet  of  297 
Broadmead  Chapel,  Briitol,  Leeturee  at 

510 
Bungener,  L,  F,  France  before  the  Re- 
volution 986 
BumeVe  Discourse  on  the  Pastoral  Care 

169 
Bury,  Baroness  B.  de.  Memoirs  of  Eliza* 

betb  the  Princess  Palatine  450 
Bury  St,  Edmund* s,  Hand-Book  of  616 
Carlen,  E,  von,  John,  a  Tale  171 
Castellamonte  396 
Cervantes,  Persiles  and  Sig^ismunda  S67» 

500 
Charles  Roussel  68 
Child's  In.  Door  Compamon  61 
Chorley,  H.  F.  Modern  German  Music  613 
Christian  Titles  60 
Christmas,  Rev,  H,  Scenes  in  Life  of 

Christ  61 
Cicero,  Treatises  of  b02 
Clerical  Education  510 
Colchester  Castle,  Lecture  on  290 
Collectanea  Antigua  166,  615 
Cooper  T.  H.  Guide  to  Lynton  168 
Council  of  Nicea,  Account  qf  the  615 
Cousin,  Victor,  Fragments  Litteraires  396 
Qnoie,  Rev.  M,   Hulsean  Lectures  for 

1853,616 
Croker,  Rt,  Hon,  J,  W.  and  Moore's  Diary 

365 
CroslandfAfrs.  A^.MemorableWomen  1 7 1 
Cumming,  Dr.   Benedictions  508 
Cunningham,  P,   Edition  of  Goldsmith's 

Works  507 
Curson^  Hon,  R.  Armenia  499 
Cutis,  Rev.  E.  L.  on  Colchester  Castle  200 
Dale,  Rev,  T.  Burnet's  Discourse  on  tbe 

Paotoral  Care  169 
Dalton,  W,    I'he  Family  Altar  169 
Danubian  Principalities,  Residence  in  894 
D'Arblay,  Madame,  Diary  and  Letters  df 

509 
Difficulties  in  the  Church,  a  Sermon  615 
Dad's  Pe&rnge,  &c.  for  1864,  169 
Dor  an,  J.  Works  of  Dr.  Ed  w.  Young  S93 
Dry  den,  BelVs  Life  if  292 

ff^orks  of  29b 

Ecclesiastical  History  of  Socrates  505 
Edmonds,  C,  Poetry  of  the  Anti*Jacobin 

S96 
Elwet,  A,  Ocean  and  her  Rulers  ITl 


Emphatie  Greek  Testament  510 
Eyton,  R0V,  R,  B^,  Antiquitiei  of  Shrop- 
shire 497 
FaitJ^  Promiser,  The  60 
Family  Altar,  The  169 
FarinVs  Roman  States  from  1 815  to  1850« 

396 
Field  and  the  Fold,  The  400 
Fly  Leaves,  or  Scraps  and  Sketches  62 
Forester,  T,  Norway  and  iti  Scenery  497 
Foster,  J,  Lectures  at  Broadmead  Cbapely 

Bristol  510 
Fowler,  B.  Hither  and  Thither  616 
Fax,  Charles  James,  Life  of  227 
Fragmenis  Litteraires  396 
France  brfore  the  Revolution  ^%6 

History  of  the  Protestants  qf  h92 

Franklin,J.  Illustrated  Edition  of  Dryden 

295 
German  Music,  Modem  613 
Gibbon,  E,  Roman  Empire  508 
Gibson,  W.  S,  Northumbrian  Castles,  ^c. 

506 
Goldsmith,  Oliver,  Works  of  507 
Gdthe^s  Novels  and  Tales  399 
Gothic  Churches,  Ancient  495 
Griffith,  R.  T.  H,  Translation  of  The 

Birth  of  tbe  War-God  61 
• W,  P,  Ancient  Gothic  Churches 

495 
Grotius  on  the  Rights  ^f  Wat  and  Peace 

836 
Guizofs  Representative  Government  398 
Happy  Resolve,  The  62 
Harley,  Lady  Brillinna,  Letters  qfA&% 
Haverfield,Rev,  T.  7*.  Charles  Roussel  63 
Haxthausen  on  the  Internal   State   qf 

Russia  478 
Help  and  Comfort  for  the  Sick  Poor  509 
Hiekie,fF.  /.Translation  of  Aristophanes 

502 
Hither  and  Thither  6)6 
Holden,  H.  A,  Edition  of  Minucii  Felicis 

Octavius  501 
Holt,  D,  Janus,  Lake  Sonnets  616 
Hulsean  Lectures  for  1853,  616 
Hume,  Rev.  A.  Learned  Societies  and 

Printing  Clubs  56 
Hunter,  Joseph,  Connection  of  Bath  with 

the  Literature  of  England  167 
Janus,  Lake  Sonnets,  ^fc.  616 
Jenkins,Rev,  H,  on  Colchester  Castle  890 
Joknt  a  tale  171 
Johnson,   G,  Natural    History    of   the 

Etstern  Borders  398 
Judson,'Dr,  A,  Memoir  of  886 
Juvenile  Delinquency,  Essays  on  896 
Kaye,  Dr,  J,  Account  of  the  Council  of 

Nicea  615 
Kerr,  Mrs,  A.  Translation  of  Ranke's 

History  of  Servia  170 
Kingston,  W,  H,  G.  Blue  Jackets  518 
Knight,  C,  Onee  upon  a  Time  168 

Old  Printer  and  tbe  Modem 

Press  610 


684 


Index  to  Books  Rwiewed. 


Latham^  R,  G.  Germania  of  Tteitut  505 
Latin  Chritlianiiy,  History  0/569 
Leakey,  C,  fV.  Lyra  Australis  399 
Learned  Societie»  and  Printing  Cluhi  0f 

the  United  Kingdom  56 
Letter  to  Viscount  Palmer»ton  509 
Lewis,  T.  T.  letters  of  Lady  Brilliant 

Harley  468 
Lnrenio  Benoni  396 
Louisa  von  Plettenhaus  62 
Lynton,  Guide  to  168 
Lyra  Justralis  399 
Mcllvaine,  C.  P.  a  Valedictory  Oflfering 

169 
Mantell,  G,  A,  Geological  Excursions  398 
Martineau,  H,  translation  of  Positire 

Philosophy  346 
Memorable  Women  171 
Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie  58 1 
Miller,  J,  Fly  leaves  68 
Milman,  Dr,  H,  H,   History  of  Latin 

Christianity  569 
Minucii  Felicis  Oetavius  501 
Monthly    Volume,    Successful    Men    of 

Modern  Times  62 
Moore,  Life  of  Thomas  1 15 
Moore's  Diary  and  Mr.  Croker  365 
Moore,  J.  S.  Pictorial    Book  of  Ballad 

Poetry,  £95 
Muloeh,  Misst  Avillon  and  other  tales  68 
Murray's  British  Classics  507 
Natural  History  qf  the  Eastern  Borders 

393 
Noake,  •/.  The  Ramhler  in  Worcester- 
shire 508 
Northumbrian    Catties,    Churches,    and 

Antiquities,  description  of  506 
Norway t  Eight  weeks*  Journal  in  1858, 

495 
— —  and  ilt  Scenery  497 
Notes  at  Paris  284 
O'Brien,  P,  Journal  of  a  Residence  in 

the  Danubiaii  Principalities  384 
Obsolete  fVords  and  Phrases  in  the  Bible  61 
Ocean  and  her  Rulers  17 1 
Old  Printer  and  the  Modem  Press  610 
Once  upon  a  Time  168 
Opie,  Amelia,  Memorials  of  h%\ 
Ordination  Service  for  Deacons  509 
Organon,  The,  qf  Aristotle  translated 6\ A 
Ovid,  Translation  qf  Fasti,  tfc.  58 
Owen,  O.  F,  Translation  of  Orgauon  614 
Ojford  Edition  of  the  Septuagint  \\4, 

858,  378,  488 
Palmerston,  discount,  letter  to  509 
Parkes,  B.  R.  Summer  sketches,  and 

other  poems  616 
Peel,  E.  Salem  Redeemed  511 
Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Kmghtagefor 

1854  169 
Peile,  Dr,  T,  fF.  annotations   on  the 

Apostolical  Epistles  615 
Penry,  John,  the  Pilgrim  Martyr  51 1 
Persiles  and  Sigismunda  867,  500 
Pictorial  Book  of  Ballad  Poetry  893 


Pilgrim  Fkihen^tlU  56 

Pinder,  Bev.  J.  A.  Ordinrntlon  fitenietbr 

Deacons  509 
Poetry  rfthe  AM-IotMm  896 
Poets,  EngHikt  Annotated  •ditioo  of  91 
PooUy,  C,  Notes  on  the  Craw  of  Aomsj 

Holy.Rood  618 
Positive  Philomph^  qf  Awgmtia  CbmHf 

The  346 
Prine^>les  qf  Ckurek  Gopemsmtmi  S\S 
Ptixe  Essays  on  Juvemiio  DeiUstptemcy  M 
Protestant  R^fkgees  im  F^remco,  bistoiy  eH 

338  598 
Rendelt,B.D.  PecnUarities  of  the  Bible  CO 
RAley,  H.  T.  TrmnsUtioii  of  Terence  led 

Phcdrus  57 
-»— — — ^  Translation  of  Orid  58 
Robinson,  H.  F,  A  Summer-dajr  Dreaa 

171 
Roman  States,  from  1815  <•  1850,  39( 
Rome,  Regal  and  Ramtbiiemss  503 
Russell,  LordJokn^  Life  of  Moore  115 
Life  of  Charles  J 

Fox  887 

.,  Lady  Raekei,  Letters  140 


Rnssia,  Intemai  SteUe  •/AW 

,  SecrH  History  9^563 

Rutherford*s,  Mr.  CkUdren  61 


Sidem  Redeemed,  a  Lyrical  Draaa  51  f 
Salisbury,  Edward  Bp.  of,   DiAcuUks 

in  the  Church  615 
Sallust,  Flams,  and  f^aliehto  PmioraOm, 

Translated  504 
Saturday  and  Sunday  63 
Saull,  ^.i).  Connection  between  Aftr^ 

nomical  and  Geological  Pbenoaiena  181 
Saxondom,  Rewudns  qf  Pagom  166 
Scenes  %n  the  Life  qf  Christ  6 1 
Schleshsger,  Max,  Saunter! ogs  in  tad 

about  London  88 
Schnitzler,  J.H.  Secret  History  of  Rnssii 

563 
Scoble,  A.  R.  Guixut's  Represeotavlvt 

Government  398 
Septuagint  of  the  Ckrittiem  Knomioig* 

Society,  7Ae  148 
qf  the  Mooeom  BikU  Soekiy 

374 


qf  the  Untooroity  ^  Ottfw4 

114,858,378,488 
Sermons,  by  Isaac  WilliaaBS,  B.D.  169 

by  late  Arcbd.  Vickers  60 

Servia  and  the  Servian  Rmfoimtitm  170 
Shepherd,  Rev.  R.  H.  Momtobr  qf  987 
ShropsUre,  Antiquities  qfiSl 
SUney,  Rev.  B.  Tbe  Fiekl  and  the  FeM 

400 
Sir  Philip,  and  oiktr  Btetrs  tf 

the  Sixteenth  Century  61 
Slave  Son,  The  170 

Smith's  Theory  of  Moral  Sen  tiaents  510 
C.  Reach,  CoUeetanea  Antiqwa, 

166,  615 

Dr.  W.  Editkin  of  Gibbon  500 


Soerates,  Eceloriuitieml  Hktmrir  ^  Sta 


IndM.to  Names. 


G65 


Song  o/RoUtnd,  TramlaM  995 
Spires  and  Towers,  Medieval  S89 
Steward,  G.  Principles  of  Church  Go- 
vernment 616 
Strickland,  Jane  M,  Rome,  Regal  and 

Republican  503 
Succession  and  Legacy  Duty  Tables,  new 

Summer-day's  Dream,  J  n\ 
I^mmer  Sketches  and  other  Poems  616 
$unday  Readings  60 
Surrey,  Henry  Howard  Earl  of.  Poetry 

Sworde,  T,  Sunday  Readings  60 

Is  Symbolism  suited  to  the  J^rit  of  the 

Age?  511 
TacUusy  Works  0/505 

■■  Germania  tfhOh 
Taylor,  J,  EmpbaticGreekTestaroentSlO 
Terence  and  Phetdrus  Translaied  57 
Theory  of  Moral  Sentiments  5 1 0 
TVuth  spoken  in  Love  509 
Tymms,  S.  Hand-Book  of  Bury  St.  Ed- 

mund's  616 
7)fng,  S,  H  Christian  Titles  60 
Valedictory  Offering  169 
Vickers,  Archd,  Sermons  by  the  late  60 
Villemain's  M,  Souvenirs  458 
fFaddington,  J.  Joho  Penry,  the  Pilgrim 

Martyr  511 


WoMderfngs  ^em  Aiftiquetry  |35 
Watsom,  J.  3.  Thmslttion  of  Sajlust, 

Floras,  and  Velleiqi  504 
fPkyland,  F.  Memoir  of  Dr.  A.  Jndion 

S86 
JFeiss's  Protestant  Refugees  In  Franee 

838,  593 
Wencksttm,  O.  English  Edition  of  Max 

Schlesinger  88 
I9%ewsll,  W.  Transition  of  Grotias  836 
WhUe^  W.  on  Symbolism  511 
Wiekee,  C.  Spires  and  Towers  of  England 

889 
^Ight,  Isle  of^  Geological  Excursions 

898 
mkins.  Ore.  W,  N.  The  Slave  Son  170 
WiUiaaiSf  Isaac,  Sermons  169 
WUlieh,  C.  M.  New    Succession    and 

Legacy  Duty  Tables  897 
Wiltshire   ArehmoUgieai  and  ^aimvi 

History  Magazine  398 
WUnesses  tii  Saekehtk  598 
Worcestershire,  Rambler  in  508 
fPordswoHVs,  Dr.  Notes  at  Paris  884 
Work,  plenty  to  do,  and  haw  to  de  it  68 
WrigM,  7*Aa.Wandertnpof  an  Antiquary 

135 
Yesigs,  C.  D.  Treatises  of  Cloero  508 
Young,  Rev,  Edward,  Works  of  893 


INDEX  TO  NAMES. 


Including  PromottoDf,  Prefements.  Birthf,  HarriagM,  and  I>eadit.—TI)e  longer  Articles 
of  Deaths  ar«  entered  in  the  preceding  Index  to  Eatayt. 


Abbott,  J.  668.    T. 

E.  443 
Abercroroby,   Hon. 

Mrs.  580.     K.  H. 

184 
Ablett,  A.  557 
Abud,  H.  519 
Ackerley,  E.  109 
A'Court,  S.  556 
Acton,  F.   A.  636. 

W.  307 
Adam,  W.  P.  74 
Adams,  A.  670.    B. 

W.  412.    Col.  H. 

W.   411.     H.  L. 

110.    J.  T.  186. 

R.  445 
Adamson,     C.     K. 

18G 
Addington,Rt.Hon. 

H.  U. 518 
Addison,  Major  T. 

633 
Adeane,  R.  J.  1 10 
Adeney,  J.  441 
Affleck,  C.  636 
Agnew,  H.  C.  439. 


T.  184.    Lt.  J.  de 

C.  418 
Aguilar,  S.  668 
Airey,  Col.  R.  306 
Aitcbison,    C,    T. 

636 
Aitken,  D.  M.  185 
Akeraian,J.T.58l 
Alchin.  T.  446 
Alcock,  J.  667 
Aldam*  Mrs.  W.  76 
Aldcom,  Dr.  A.  188 
Alder,  C.  F.  331 
Alderman,  Miss  A. 

667 
Alderson*   A.  441. 

J.  522 
Alduus,  J.  188 
Aldridge,  A.  K.  188 
Aldworth,W.St.L. 

418 
Alexander,  C.  666. 

G.  H.  M.  439.  H. 

307.    H.  H.  440. 

J.  883.    Lt.309. 

T.  334,  411.667 
AliDgton,  C.  A.  75 


Alford»  H.  75.    S. 

558.  W.  519 
Allan.  Capt.  G.  74. 

W.  G.  554 
Allen.  C.  633.  C.A. 
446.    E.334.    J. 
815,559.    M.A. 

559.  M.  A.  G. 
.  185.    Major  W. 

W.  518.    R.  188, 

448.    R.  M.633. 

W.437 
Allison.  H.  109 
Allnuti.P.818.  G. 
.S.78.     R.L.581 
AUport.  T.  667 
Abton.W.  II  1.818. 

W.  C.  305 
Alves.  W.  330 
Ambrose.  T.H.  559 
Amhurst.  Mrs.  T. 

441 
Amor.  J.  108 
Andenon»   A.    77. 

D.   107.    D.  C. 

338.  J. 188. 519. 

U556,    M.308. 


Miss  S.  440.  Mrs. 

W.  580.     S.  M. 

110.    W.  A..633 
Anderlon.  G.  447. 

M.670 
Andrew,    G.    381. 

Rear.Adm.J.W. 

440 
Andrews.  A.  M.  78. 

E.  888 
Annesley.  Hon.  F. 

78.    S.  S.443 
Anstey,  H.  F.  590 
Aostioe.  R.  R.  43e 
Anstis,  M.76.   - 
Anthony.  H.  446 
Aplin.  Capt.  J..O< 

633.  H.76.  Ii.76 
Appleby.  R.  66? 
Appleford.    W.   P, 

Aptborp.  F.  551 
Arcbdeaeont  C*  J* 
E.R.307..M.IO4 
Arelier»  C*  A.  636 
ArmU»  G.  ^B$ 
Araptropf.  A.'  T^ 


686  IndeM  to  Noma. 

4 IS.  G.668.  H.  BtddeUy,  E.  A.  448  Barrinfton,    Hoo.  BaMOMttt,  B.  AM. 

W.Q.  633.  J.38S.  Bagot,Lt.-Col.HoD.       Mrs.  H.  307  L«dj,  413 

Mai.  G.C.74.  R.  W.  618.    Mrs.  C.  Barrow  J.  669,  Mn.  Btaw,  B.  D.  990 

306  W.308                       E.334.    R.  77  Beck,    B,    H.  919. 
Arnold,  Comm.  J.  Bailey,  B.  S14, 668.  Barry,  A.  77*  590.  J.  0. 109 

F.444.  E.P.518,  C.  519.    W.233.       Lt.-Col.  P.  306  Bcekwith,  H.  919. 

634.  F.C.76.  M.  Bailie,  J.  413  Barter,  J.  T.  808  H.  W.  419 

S.308  Baillie,J.  4IS  Bartholomew,     W.  Bectiv«,Bari  of,  919 

Arnot,  Dr.  H.  76  Bainbridife,  J.  218.       444  Bwlfori,     B.    994. 

Arnott,  E.  665.  M.  R.  R.  413  Barthorp,  J.  76  ComB.R.T.41l. 

A.  558.  S.  418  Bainbrigfe,  Mijor-  Barthorpe,   M.    B.  G.  A.  189.    J.  T. 

Arrowsmitb,  A.  663  Gen.  P.  518               319  969 

Arroyave,  J.  E.  de  Baines,  F.  A.  77.  J.  Bartlett,E. 223,669.  Bedingfeld.Capt.G. 

310  J.  551.   L.S.670       J. 75,308.  T. 638  F.  411 

Artbure,  B.  309  Baird,  J.  H.   556.  Battford  J.  831  BMv«r,  W.  H.  819 

Arthurs,  W.  633  Udy,  413  Bastard, E.R.F.  186  Bchrenda,  J.  0. 918 

Ariby,  C.  333  Baker,  B.  E.  333.  Bate,  A.  308.     E.  Bebrena.  J.  449.   J. 

Arundale,  J.  821  Comm.  C.H.558.       333  R.  448 

A«b,  W.  104  £.77.  G.A.307.  Batemsn,   E.  310.  Beitb,  Sarr .  B.  419 

Asbburnbam,  Lady  H.78.  H.J.B.305       J.  F.  181.   Lord,  BelgraTa.  T.  599 

E.666  Balcbin,Capt.J.666       519.    8.636  Bell,  E.  J.  634^    & 

A8bburton,Rt.Hoii.  Baldock,    T.    182.  Bates,  E.  330.    J.  W.  555.    J.  497, 

Lord  519  W.  444                      J.  183  559.  Lit..Ge0.air 

Asbford,  J.  106  Baldwin  F.  M.  636.  Bather,  M.  381  J.  181.  M.&8IQi 

Agbley,  M.  77  J.  389.    M.  S.  C.  Batho,  E.  441  W.  5SO 

Aibton,  M.  A.  443.  558.    T-  107  Batburst,  L.  C.  189  Bellain,  F.  Lu  909 

M.  H.  329  Baifuur  Dr.  H.  M.  Batlin,  Miss  J.  331  BellaiOTf  J.  C  gft 

Asburst,  G.  Ill  231.     G.  W.  523  Batson,  M.  522  Belles,  T.  W.  894 

Asbworth,F.C.310  Ball,  D.  333.     G.  Battersby,  R.  411  Bellew,  P.  Li449 

Aapinall,  A.  M.  J.  820.    J.  T.  306  BattUcombe,H.  307  Bellman,    IIIh  9. 

446  BalUntyne,J.R.  635       R.  W.  P.  310  110.     S.  918 

Aspinwall,    E.   K.  Ballard,  J.  J.  309  Battye,  E.  333  Beman,  E.  580 

309  Balvaird,   Col.  W.  Baudot,  E.  74.  Benbey,  S.  0. 441 

Astell,  J.   H.  519.  664  ,  Baxter,  E.  J.  636.  Benett,  8.  110.    F. 

Mrs.  J.  H.  580  Bamber  H.  K.  107         G.R.W.338.  W.  183.     J.  T.   199. 

A8tley,F.D.  P.305.  Bankes,  E.  S.  413          307  M.  A.    IO9.     W. 

G.  C.  583.  Banner,  Mnjor  R.  Bayfield,  E.  331  R.  L.  638 

Aston,  D.  N.  188  M.521.  T.B.413  Bayley,  C.  N.  318.  Beiinet,  C.  U.  499 

Atboli,Ducb.or,633  Bannerman,  Sir  A.       C.T.317.  E.188.  Benaon,   D.  O.  H. 

Atkinton,Dr.T.5l8.  633                              W.  B.  519.  186.     J.  107.    8b 

G.  306.    M.  110.  Barber,  S.  A.  441  Bay  lis,  T.  381  J.  554 

Mrs.  446.  R.4I4.  Barker,  A.  A.  437.  Bayne,  G.  S.  186  Bcntall,  Mrs.  689 

W.75  A.   H.  418.     J.  Baynes,  W.  443  Ben t i nek.  Col.  H.  J. 

Atkyns,  E.  110  445.    Mrs.  A.  C.  Bazaipe,  A.  G.  554  W.  306.    9ifft.  O. 

Aubrey,  F.  443  108.    W.  109  Beach,  Sir  M.  H.  C.  413 

d'Aumale,  Duchess,  Barkwortb,L.F.583       H.  306  Bentley,  8.  418 

307  Barlee,  E.  215.    M.  Beamish,  G.  663  Berekem,  8.  d«,98S 
Austen,    W.    553.  0. 309  Bean,  E.  414.     H.  Beresford,  Capt.  G. 

Leigh,  J.  E.  188  Barlie,  W.  581                108.    J.  P.  664  J.  306.  G.  A.  185. 

Austin, E. A.554.  F.  Barling,  J.  108  Beareroft,  E.  305  Hon.  Mrs.J. 418. 

636  Barlow,  Capt.    H.  Beardmore,P.J.553  W.  M.  18S 

Awdry,  C.  H.  418.  W.  78  Beatson,Lt.-Col.W.  Berkeley,  lin.    C 

W.  H.  310  Barnard,  E.  635.  H.        F.  519  R.  413 

Axford,  MaJ.  R.  105  J.  633.    M.  334  Beattle,  T.  354  Bernard,  C  E.  444. 

Aylroer,  G.  W.  105  Barnes,  D.  106.    £.  Beauchsmp,    Hon.  D.W.931.  B.440 

Aytoun,  £.W.  448  A.  333.    J.  816.       Mrs.  P.  635.    T.  Bemers,  C.  670 

Babiiigton,Capt.76  P.  188.    R.  106.       W.  P.  B.  518  RerringtoD,   A.   O. 

Bachelor,  F.  75  T.  338  Beaucbant,  U  J.  U.  186 

Back,  M.  M.  554  Barnett,  E.  77.   H.        185  Berry,  H.B.83I.  J. 

Backbou8e.A.C.636  F.  439.  J.  F.  439.  Beauclerk,      Capt.  671.    R.  999 

M.  665.   Mrs.  G.  Mrs.  441                    Lord  G.  A.  306.  Berthon,  B.  G.  558 

C.  75.    R.  D.  817  Baron,E.522.P.636       Lady  A.  W.  635  Bessis,  H.  E.  184 

Bacon,  H.  F.  183.  Barr,  G.  308  Beaufort,  Capt  H.  Betbell,    Mrs.    W. 

R.  W.  633  Barrett,  H.  A.  183,       Duke    of,     519.  308.    8irB.888b 

Badeock,T.807  418.    M.  666             Duke  of,  633  883 


Bridger 

,C.  438 

BciJg.i 

B.  G.  laa 

BriEgi. 

E.  ces.  Lt 

W.  636 

Bnghl 

Mn.J.  4U 

BrigW 

en, H.  439 

SI9 

Brill  Dw 

,  J,  666.  J. 

B.  as 

i.    R.  107 

519 


Index  to  Names. 

Be*«n,  M,  B.  GG5.  Blouni,  H.  M.  IBS  Boyd,  W.  D.  3Sl 

R.  334  Bbiam,  M.  A.  i64  Buydei,,  R.  5SS 

B**enJKe,  E.  £68  Blucko,  R.  S.  !S3  Boyer,  R.  los 

Bc«ickc,  R.  C  G81  Bluiidell,  M.  108  Bovie,   C,   S.  SSO. 

BicLdI,  R.  C63  BIyib,  C.  E.  78  E.  444.    E.  Fin- 

Bkkcnta<l,Cipl.R.  Boddnm,  M.  A.  443       M,   412.     J,  T. 

189.    a,J.  63S  Bode,  J.  E.  634  413.  U-Col.l8g. 

Bicker(telh,U.'iSl.  Body,  P.  G.  319  R.  V.  185 

R-  519  Bugie,Ll.-Cal.A.T4  Boyi,Coinni.W.41 1. 

Blddleeanibe,G.41!  Buhuii,  E.  M.  33S         M .  P.  309.  R. 633  Broidbridgp,  B.s'sT 

Blddulpli,   A.   670.  BolilbiD.  M.  104  B(>yB«,T.  331  Brutdhuni,  MiiiE. 

A.  G.  W.  331  Bulilhu,  W,  IBS  Br«iher,  C.  335  5S6 

Bignell,  C.  J.3W  Bolton,  B.  F.  521.  Br«ckenbur)-,W.  a  Bro»dley,  A.  E.  lOS 

Kgclold,  S.  633              Mu»H.556                SIB  Brack,  C«pl.  F.4I3. 

filnghaiD,  Cipl.  H.  BompM,  Dr.  J.  C.  Brack  1  ey,  Viicl mi.  Cspt.T.  182.  CuJ. 

H.  309.     H.  C.        635                              308  S.  667.  G.  W.  J. 

305  Bond,  A.  S.  C.  443.  SraddeU,  E.  667  334 

Bircb,H.W.  R.  437        J.  446  Braddun,  C.  445  Brodie,  E.  A,  443. 

Birebdl,  S.  J.  S«l)  Bonrell.ML.iH.loe  Bradford,    Lt.-Col.  Lady  M.  183.  M. 

Bird,  M.  B.  B.  443.  Boiior»ndi,  ,1.  441           H.  N.  664  C.  444 

R.  918.    S.J.829  Booker,  A.  M.55T  Bradley,  R.  A. 438  >»—■"->-   »"   '<> 

Birley,  T.  74  Buon.  E.  K.  IBS  Bradtbaw,  C«pt.  J. 

Birnie,  G.  306  Booth,   Capi.   43B.        217,     R.  L.  303 

Birrell,  H.  R.  308          Coram.  A.  S,  307.  Br»i Word,  T.  663  Bromhe«d.  R.G.65S 

Biiliop,  F.  H.   75,       J.C.F.D.fi70  Btiiihw»ite,  B.66S  Brook-,  J.  334.  M. 

186.    L.  B.  5i0  Boothhj,    H.    109.  Bramih,  E.  670  A.  444.    M»J.  T. 

Biiiell,  Sir  J,  558          Ltdy,  76  Brambtll,M.B.414  633,  MinB.  106. 

Bl*ckulder,  M.  443  BDrlin<Jer,E.W.63l  Brsncaleonc.  S.  M.  M.  3.  919.  T.437 

Btickull,  H.  21S  Burradaile,  R.L.399       Mirclicir,  IU4  Brooka,  A.  IBS.   D, 

BUckden.  H.  890  Borrer,  M,  A.  SS3  Brand,   C.  A.  5S4.  670.      J.  G.  449. 

Blacker,Mn.L.EI8  Buicawcn,W.K.4L4         H.  ao.  Hon.  O.  W,  106 

Blacket,  A.  A,  671  Boiwell,LidyH.S08        6C9  Bruutne,  F.  IB2.   H 

BlB<'k«n,C.  R.  438  BMwotlli,  J.  309  Br.nder,  B.4ia.  W.  553 

Blackmote,  B.  667  BouUenon,   Major       440  Brouibam.Mra.W. 

Black—od,  Upi.F.       J.  C.  74  Braodrord,  A.  S2I  76 

P.a5G.  J.S.4I3.  Boullon,  B.  GS8.  T.  Brandling,  R.  339.  Broughlon,    C.   F. 

„,J-521                          309                              R.  H.315  521.     P.  A.  819 

BUgroTe.A-C.SS?.  Bourdillon,  Capt.B.  Brandon.  A.  919  Bni»n,E.667.  A.E. 

U.  J.  445.     Mn.        C.  78.      F-   105.  Brandt,  F.  ^16  104.     A.R.  414. 

S'l                              T.  559  Bran«;Diiibp.  Cipl.  C»pt.G.S.441.  D. 

BUir,  Lt.  C.  P.  H.  Bourn,  G.  314                W.  33li  307.  E.SSS,  414. 

664.    T.633  Bourne,  Mrs.  J.  76.  Br.nl,  M.  P.  671  E.J.310.  0.666. 

Blake,  T.336                 R.  Ill  Brtone.  G.  M.  189  H.  829.      H.  W. 

Bl.keney,  R.  P.  633  Boiitfirld,  W.  ie«  Braiton,  H.  445  63S.     l.AAh.    J. 

Blakfr,  C,  622  RoDiflower,    A.    C.  Bray,  M.  667.  Mil.  C.  440.  J.  M.30g. 

Bt>ncbird,H.D.:!07        109                              C.  44J  Lt.-Col.  J.  519. 

Bland,   F.  A.  SSS.  BoTiU,E.5S4.  Mr..  Braybrooke.  W.4I4  Lt.-tol.N.R.  INl. 

L.H.30e.   T.N.       J.W.S56  Bre.key,T.9I6  Ll..Gen.8irG.74. 

309  Bowden.H.  Ml.  J.  Bree,  E.  N.  309  M.  441.     M.  A. 

Blandford,  J,  591            189  Ere  n  eh  ley,  M.  440  599.  Mr«.A.339. 

Blani^,  Capt.  R.  518  BowdoD,  H.  185  Brend,  T.  668  S.  SIS.    T.  «18, 

Blanshard,  H,  557  Boiten,  A,  105,  567.  Brent,  Mn,  D.  413  305.     W.  R.  183 

Blayiiey.  Ri.    Hon.         J.    558.      M.    A.  Brereton,  Col,    W.  Browne,  A.  75,991. 

M.  Lady,  445               T.   990.      W.  T.        306  C.6ti3,    C.  B.76. 

Bleek,  W.  G.  669          554  Br»»lin,  W.  J.  639  D.A.55S.    E.  H. 

Bimoe,  J.  M.  318  Boner,     A.      414.  Bt«ton,C»pl.C.a99.  634.     0.4.915. 

Blewctt,  L.  P.  556         Capl.  C.  189.    F.       E.  557  Hon.G.  A.  78.  J, 

Blewiti,W.309             N.  107  Brtii,  E.P.3(t7.  J.  916,  4*7.  Mr*.  J, 

Bligb,Hon.E.V.593  Bowrrbank.  L.  915       916.  P.  41'i  D.7S.  Rear.  Adn. 

BlumeReld,   T.    C.  Bowman,  E.  L.  590.  Brewer,  M<n  P.  334  P.  633.      8.109. 

W.  78                           1,307  Brief.C.  77  T.  P.  916.   W,  C. 

Btomfleld,  Mr*.  G.  Bowrir),  G.  W.  339  Bridge,  C.  J.  531  189.     W.   T.   C 

T.  t6  Bowring,    J.     181,  Bcidgemin.E.W.O.  310 

Blnomfiald,  W.  H.        IB9,  306                     310.     Hon.  Mn.  BroTniog,  L.  44S 

1S5  Bowyer,  H.SIO             C.  T.  O.  til  Brownrigg,  C.  SSS 


688 


Index  to  Names. 


Bruce,  Ctpt.  W.  T. 

74.  J.  555.  J.  L. 

T.  309 
Brumell,  E.  75 
Brune,  F.  M.  78 
Brptton,  C.  334 
Bruxner,  A.  M.  333 
Bryan,  J.  332.    R. 

S.  634 
Bryant,  J.  599 
Bryant,  H.  667.    1. 

222.     S.    B.    W. 

184 
Brydon,  J.  H.  557 
Bryson,Sur|;.  A.  4 1 1 
Buchanan,  Capt.  J. 

411.  J.  636 
Buckingham,  M.  S. 

521 
Buckle,  J.  £.  78. 

R.  668 
Buckley,  W.E.  310 
Buck  matter,  J.  443 
Buck  worth,   C.   P. 

521 
Budd,  H.  214.    S. 

E.  310 
Budgen,  L.  218 
Bulkeley,  L.  331 
Bull,  Dr.  105.     H. 

G.   635.      J.   A. 
331.     Rey.  633 
Bullen,  C.  Y.   108. 

F.  438 

Buller,  Cul.  G.  411. 

G.  668 
Builey,  T.  217 
Bulmaii,  F.  W.  333 
Bulteel,  J.  636 
Bunbury,  Majur  H. 

W.  411 
Bunce,  Comm.   B. 

H.412.  J.B.520 
Bunch,  R.  78 
Bunny,  J.  558 
Burcb,  A.  E.  184 
Burd,  G.  G.  182 
Burfltt,  F.  A.  217 
Burfurd,  E.  443 
Burgbersb,     Major 

Lord,  411 
Bnrgoynt*,    M.    A. 

635.    Miss  A.  M. 

338 
Burke,  H.  667 
Burn  R.  329 
Burne,Lt.H.K.I84 
Burnett,  W.  S.  331 
Burns,  W.  307 
Burr,  Mrs.  H.  307 
Burrell,  Dr.  W.  U. 

518.     J.  330 
Burridge,  H.J.  442 
Burrill,  J.  670 
Borroagh,  J.A.634 


Burroughes,  E.  552. 

J.  M.  635  ^ 
Burroughs,  Lt.  W. 

M.  104 
Burtlem,  W.  M.  76 
Burstall,  P.  W.  522 
Burtershaw,  H.  223 
Burton,  D.33I.    R. 

J.  412 
Bury,   C.    H.    108. 

xl.    185.      R.    S. 

441.     W.  H.  2J6 
Bushby,  M.  220 
Butler,  E.  H.  669. 

H.  182 
Buttemer,  A.   185. 

R.  W.220 
Butterfield,   £.    C. 

G.  309 
Btitterworth,  B.  220 
Buxton,     A.    557. 

Lady,   76.     Mrs. 

T.  F.  520 
Byde,  J.  P.  55 1 
Byers,   Lt.-Gen.  P. 

553.     W.  G.  333 
Bygrave,  S.  669.    S. 

A.3I0 
Byng,H.665.  Hon. 

E.  559. 
Byihesea,  G.  217 
Cabbeil,  B.  B.  305 
Caddell,  H.  182 
Caddy,  E.  333^ 
Cadogan,LadyA.183 
Cage,    R.    519.   R. 

W.  521 
Cahill,  D.  668 
Caine,  T.  182 
Cairnes,   Major  Q. 

632 
Cairns,  F.  105 
Caidecott,  A.  441. 

Mrs.  C.  M.  520 
Caldic(»tte,  A.  556 
Caldwell,    Mi84  £. 

F.  333 
Caledon,  C'tess  of, 

308 
Canander,W.B.665 
Calley,  J.  J.  332 
Calrow,  E.  M.  185 
Caltborpe,  Lt.  Hon. 

S.  411 
Cambridge,J.  P.  76 
Cameron,  A.G.52I. 

C.H.74.  E.A.77 
Campbell,  A.  L.  G. 

308.    A.  M.  668. 

Capt.  A.   N.  74. 

£.  522.     G.  669. 

J.  B.  216.     J.C. 

222.    Major  Gen. 

J.  329.   MigorR. 

P.  518.    Mn.  C\ 


C.44I.  Mrt.H. 
665.  N.  519.  R. 
74.  Sir  C.  306. 
Sir  J.  411.     Sir 

J.  E.  218.    T.  T. 

444.      W.     518, 

634.    W.J.  668 
Campion,  A.  667 
Candlish,  Mrs.  335 
Cane,  R.  636 
Cannon,     C.    670. 

1.331 
Capadose,  M.  220 
Capel,  W.  412 
Capes,  A.  £.  219 
Capon,  L.  557 
Cardale,  E.  T.  633 
Carden,  J.  H.  216. 

Lady,  308 
Cardew,  Miss,  665 
Cardigan,Earlof41I 
Carew,  Mrs.W.H.P. 

183 
Carey,  M.  77 
Carlile,  J.  553 
Carlyle,  Mrs.  220 
Carmichael-Smytb, 

Major  R.  77 
Carnegie,   Lady  C. 

520.     M.  G.  558 
Carpenter,  A.  219. 

M.S.  1 85.    W.332 
Carr,A.T.438,552. 

G.  636.     T.  519. 

W.  O.  632 
Carrington,  W.  W. 

220 
Carroll,  M.  333 
Carter,C.l09.  Capt. 

557.     C.  R.  78. 

E.  108.    G.  R.77. 

G.  VV.  L.  P.  414. 

H.J.6:0.    J.  334, 

667.     L.  H.  413. 

M.  106,  443.    W. 

H.  106 
Carteret,  W.  H.  de 

309 
Carthew,  Adm.   J. 

182.     W.M.  521 
Cart  w  right,  Lt. -Cul. 

H.309.  W.H.412 
Cams,  W.  633 
Carus-Wilson,      C. 

307 
Carvetb,  R.  558 

Carwithen,G.T.437 
Gary,  S.  439 
Case,  F.  442 
Cass,  C.  185 
Casieil,J.  H.N.I82 
Casson,  R.  106 
Casterton,  S.  222 
Castle,  P.  A.  185 
Cattleman,  L.E.557 


Cathcart,    Lt.-Gen. 

Earl,  411.   Major- 

Gen.  Hon.  Sir  G. 

74.     N.  413 
Cator,  Col.  W.  411. 

F.  S.  W.  664 
Cattey,  M.  L.  185 
Caulier,  S,  666 
Causton,  T.  H.  664 
Cave,  F.  669.  J.M. 

636.    T.C.B.667. 

W.  559 
Cavendishy       Hon. 

Mrt.R.413.    Lady 

E.  635.      T.  44a 

W.  H.  F.  182 
Cay,  L.  76 
Caxalet,  G.  H.  309 
Cazenove,  H.  78 
Chads,  Capt.  H.  D. 

306.    E.  W.  636. 

Lt.-Col.  J.C.444 
Chad  wick,   E.  305. 

M.  670 
ChaiBn,  M.  H.  670 
Chaldeeott,  Mrs.C. 

634 
Chalk,  J.  556 
Cballen,  B.  334.  C. 

666 
Chalmer,  E.  B.  7& 
Chamberlain,E.  308 
Chambcrt,A.H.  1 09. 

E.  184.      J.  663. 

Mitt  558.  R.  555. 

T.  B.  556 
Champ,W.T.  N.74 
Champney,  J.  307 
Champneyt,  A.  M. 

558.     M.   H.  S. 

412.     F.  106 
Chandler,  G.  H.670 
Chant,  S.  221 
Chaplin,  E.  215.  V. 

110 
Chapman,E.78,333. 

H.  555.     1.F.76. 
J.668.     J.S.633. 

Lt.  W.  439.      T. 

109.    W.  554 
Charleroont,  C'leas 

of,  633 
Charletworth,  J.  R. 

634 
Charlton,  T.  667 
Charrington,  N.  G« 

76 
Charteris,  Capt.  R. 
L.  L.  446 

Cbeape,Col.SirJ.74 
Cheere,  E.  78 
Cheetham,  J.  106 
Cherer,  C.  H.  665 
Cheslyo,     J.     444. 
Mrs.  Capt.  76 : 


Chetn«y,Lt.P.R.308 
ChrTallier,  J.  b&S 
Cbichetler,      Lidy 

413.    Lord  H.  P. 

339.    Mr).C.6Tl). 

Un.  W.  H.3<)8. 

W.  670 
Cbilil,  A.   S.    MT. 

G.A.43B.    S.  553 
Childert,    Col.    M. 

330.     Ei.C.E.ie?, 

&19,  (i3°.      Mri. 

H.  C  E.5«0,634 
Child!,  J.  438 
Chi  ID  mo,  Mr.  440 
Chiiin,  Mn.  6S8 
Chitbulm,  G.  SS3 
Chiticiidcn,   C.   G. 

309 
Chivcn,  S.  5S£ 
Chadnick,T.  669 
CbulmFlrj.Cipl.M. 

184.  P.669.  R.4I3 
Chriilian,  E.  76 
Chritiic,  R.  C.  183 
Chritliiun,  J.  411 
Chnrch,  E.  W.  Sil 


Chur 


l.>ll,  i 


n 


Cluck,  M.C.  636 
Clnriry,  J.  665 

Cl>>r.ric»rde,  Right 
Hon.  E.  (lOKiifiiir 
C'l(»  of,  557 


Cl» 


308 


',  Mn. 


Clureniont,  Cipt.  E. 

S.  518 
Clirk,  J.   M.  413. 

M.P.  IBS.  W.108 
Cl«rke,A.  189,445. 

El^bbA.  F.440, 

63S.  H.W.F.66B. 

L.5.S3.   Ll.A.R. 

184.    Li.  A.  I?2. 

ni.445.  Mr*. 333. 

R.  C.66S.   R.M. 

Sai.    5.664,    T. 

441 
CUikton,  Mr.  558 
Clausblon,  £.  106 
ClKiODii,  B.  S.  663 
Clmioii,  J.  1).  78 
Clay,    M.    A.    559. 

J.  H.  44S 
Clsjlmi,  J.  557 
CleUod,  A.  B.  438 
Clemenecr,  G.   W. 

634 
CItroenli,  J.  559 
CkmEmiDi),  J.  633 
ClemelioD,  A.  5511 
ClilTurd.C.  C.  519. 

G.  L.  335.   Hon. 

Mn.  1B3.     H.J. 

183.    J.  IDS 
Gent.  Mao.  Vor.. 


Inde*  to  NanttM. 

689 

Cllftun.  L.  635 

Culeridge,  SirJ.T. 

Coiwrst,  H.  L.  S53 

Cii'.ic.i>,  LadyL.U. 

63.1 

Ca.iingh»<n,H.77 

611.     L.  L.  669 

Collird,  J.  109 

Cotton,E.5S8.  Li.. 

CliMclil,  E.  M.75 

Colledge,  G.W.636 

Gen.  Sir  W.  518. 

Clive,C»p..R.4li. 

ColUion,  Sir  R.  A. 

M.JurH.  74 

H.s.iee.  R.306 

P.  Q.  76 

CouUon,  A.   F.   P. 

elude,  C.  185 

CoUeli.W.634 

107.     E.  F.  309. 

Cluie.  E.  437.     M, 

Colliok,  E.  C,  5S6 

T.  L.  444 

A.  667 

Collie,  M.P.  ew 

Cuursge,  J.44R 

Cloi!,  S.  106 

Collin,  M.E.  310 

Cuunauld,  Mrf .  107 

Cluxgli,  Ven.  C.  B. 

Coliini,  E.  318.     F. 

Courtenay,    A.    L. 

633 

106 

634.    J.  66?.    W. 

Clo»e.,  R.  H.  413 

ColllnMii,  MiH  T. 

R.  107. 

tlulleibuck,  E.  L. 

Coarlhope,  W.  306 

305 

Colli.,  S.  L.  669 

Cogrtnoy,  S.  E.  C. 

Conpi,  MiH,  106" 

Collyer,  S.  667 

339 

C.jiiiM,  E.  110.   H. 

Conr.o»n,C'l«i..f, 

314.     W.  553 

Colton,  M.  C.  414 

413 

Cobb.   E.   M.   181. 

CoWille,  E.  K.  300. 

CoTcn(ry,aP.B.76 

M.  H.  555 

L>dy,  634 

Cuw»n,Sure.D.I09. 

Cobhe,  Li. .Col.  H. 

Colvm,J.  18! 

W.  44.^ 

(  .  518 

Combe.  J.  D.  77 

Coward,  I.  T.  666. 

Cobbold,  E.  M.  556. 

Com>n<,  M.  76 

J.J7 

H.  635 

Cump;Ene,Mr(.335 

Cowburn,  A.  634 

Cochrtn,  \V.  418 

Complin.  C.  105 

Coxchcr.  E.  557 

Cot-hr*iit,A.B.]IO. 

Comport,  H.  443 

Coxell,  E.  666 

Comm.   Hoi..  A. 

Compson,  11.  66T 

Co«ie,M.B.  6G6 

A.4l3.Lsdy,4l3 

Comptoi.,J.H.I8«. 

Co»i«r,     A.     533. 

Cock,  M.  441 

T.  331 

Mxjor  K.  D.  444 

Cockburn,  G.  437. 

Cox,  A.  M.  32.1.  C. 

Mijor-GEn.SiiP. 

de  l«,  663 

310,331.  Capl.S, 

J8I.    Sir  A.J. E. 

Conner,  8.  A.  IBS 

S.  306.     H.  554. 

.106,519,633.  W. 

Connolly,  D.  A.  06S 

J.   C.   183.     Mi*i 

A.  ie< 

Conollj.  J.  75 

M.    443.       R.    S. 

Cckr,  A.  446 

CDnM»,Mr>.L.636 

186.    W.  H.  633 

Cocke n,Ll .-Col.  W. 

Conroy,J.  H.5t9 

Co«,  E.  P.  338 

519 

CorM»ble,*.A.  toe. 

Coyle,  J.ies 

Cotk..J.33S.  Mn. 

J.  107 

Ciubbp,  E.  B.  669. 

T.  S.  76 

E.L.3.10.  K.I  114 

LodJin-lon,  J,  109 

183 

Crwroft.E.  186 

C.j.l>«^r,  H.  €68 

Cooke.  E.  306.    H. 

Cradoek,  E.  H.  183 

<VJi,..g...o,       Mr.- 

T.  440.     J.  333. 

Crsig.  C.A.  78.    J. 

Col.  635 

5SS.      P.  D.   107. 

11.446.    M.a5SS 

roffey.  A.  531 

S.  183 

Cr«nfield.  T.  SI5 

Coffin,  C.  330.  Mist 

CooksoM,   M.   109. 

tranley,VUB'i™,T6 

e.  333.    Mri.3ie 

Mre.J.76.   S.F. 

Cr»ufurd.  Cap<.  H. 

Chen,  Mr.  335.  S. 

no.    W.  S.  306 

W.  308.    F.A.  B. 

333 

Cooper,  F.  109.    J, 

189.     J.  74 

Culbeck,  1.  636 

E.78.   M.C.  635. 

Cmv»r.  A.  539,659. 

Culbotne,    J.     519. 

W.  A.  440 

C.    A.    A.    413. 

Mf..  3--ii 

CoDH,    Comn..    R. 

Capl.  C.  C.  518. 

Coll,<iin,J.  107 

SSI.    P.  449.    R. 

W.  Eatlof.  518 

Colcheiter,      Cipt. 

633.     S.440 

Cia-CDur,  H.  6C? 

Lord,  519 

Cupe,  J.  443 

Crinrurd,  Cxpl.  R. 

Culd-rll,  T.  4IS 

Copein»n,H.A.308 

P.  306 

rolp,A.!17.  A.W. 

Curbetl,  K.  J.  443 

Crawfurd,  C.  W.  P. 

438.     E.  W.  186. 

Cormack,  Copl.  D. 

77 

M.  P.334.   R.W. 

104 

Cf««ley,Li.-Col.W. 

442 

Cormick.E.  H.667 

W.  441.     Mju-r 
H.  O.  306.     M. 

Colebrookf,Mrt.J. 

Coroe«all,F.T.5*l 

M.  333 

Corawell,  T.  C.  H. 

G.  330 

Colnmin.    J.    438. 

310 

Creub,Lt.-Col,  U. 

M.919.    MluF. 

Corp,  Mn.H.  320 

V.  518 

446.  W.  670.  W. 

Cori.J.  J.  75,634 

Crealock,  J.66S 

T.  930 

JtLl. 

Cmienf,  E.  A.  S31 

Crenm.  G.  Ul 
4T 

J 

690  Index  to  Namei. 

Creed,  C.635.  MUs  Cuit,  A.  P.  183  D«wney,B.104,llO  Dewjr,  O.  SS« 

A.  M.  SiO  Cutiance,Capt.H.F.  Dawtoii,  Hutu  Mr«,  Drvonaher,   &  IL 

CreRplgiiy,  C,  J.  C.       618.     H.  F.  633         V.  614.    J.  667.  »«l 

62^  Cuidiffe,  F.  A.  309        S.  llO.    W.  75  Dew,  C.  W.  7i 

Cresswell.Hon.Mrt.  Cuilibert,  G.  521  Day,    H.  W.  SIT.  DeWlit,W.L.« 

F.  634.     Lt.  S.  Daicotia,  B.  445             J.  305,  413, 445.  Dickefi,Mrt.l>r.05 

G.  413  Dacre,  A.  669                 W.  445  DIckena,  J.  658 
Cripps,  A.  333  Dakers,  J.  R.  307  Dayman,  M.C.  67 1  Diek«utoo»    J.   H. 
Crurt,Cumm.H.306.  Dalbiac,  A.  P.  441.  Deale,  A.  559  559 

J.  H.  75.    J.  W.       L.  317  Dean,  M.  635  Dickinion,CJ.53SL 

319.     W.  445  Dale,   H.   76,   183,  Deane,  A.  413.    C.  H.T.  104 

Croftoii,  F.  555               307.    T.  A.  557         J.  A.  310.    G.  E.  Dickaon,  CapC  G. 

Crofia,  J.  183  Dalgety,  J.  105, 106        76.    Mh.  S.  330.  C.  104.   Capt.  W. 

Croker,  R.  H.  333  Daiitun,  Mn.  J.  B.       Sir  T.  185.    W.  T.  633.   G.  T.  Tl. 

Croly,  Mrs.  S.  445          530                            « J.  183  J*  W.  183.   T.M. 

Croropion,  Mrs.  W.  Dallas,  Capt.  A.  R.  Deare,  A.  448  810 

308                              74,     G.  M.  T.185  Deaf,  J.  633  DidoC,  M.  P.  335 

Cronsbaw,  J.  519  Dalrymple,   H.    A.  Dease,  P.  M.  833  Dlisby,  A.  334 

Cruome,  Mr.  106           443.    Hun.G.G.  De  Bathe,  Capt.  H.  Dillun,  Ur.  T.  58L 

Crosbie,  A.  443               185.  Mrs.C.E.308        P.  306  P.  105 

Crosbv,  J.  555  Dalton,  A.  185.    J.  Debaufer,  C.  440  Dimsdale,  R.  IM 

Croshaw,  B.  333             G.  F.  G.  668.  Lt.-  De  Burgh^  M.  634  Dimtcy,  R.  Q.  6d|| 

Crosland,  E.  A.  106        Col.  C.  518.     M.  DeBuits,W.M.  107  Diiif^le,  R.  D.  3l>1 

Cross  S.  109                  A.  107.  Major  \V.  Deck,  A.  664  Dhiffll,  Dr.  A.30& 

Cro6sman,G.B.  553       S.3I9.  R.F.G.668  Deedet,MajorW.74  Dr.  P.  306 

Crouch,Mi«s  M.105  Daly,  D.  663  De  Gruchy,  G.  634  Diimas,  M.  A.  331 

Crowder,  R.  B.  6J3  Dalzell,Cul.Hon.  A.  Delamain,   M.    H.  Dixon,  P.M.   ISt 

CrowJy,  J.  217                74                                 414  H.  166.    Mrs.  R 

Crowp,  L.  330  Darner,  L.  636  DeUmotte,  E.  309  5V0.    T.  554.  W. 

Crowfoot,    E.    439.  Daiidson,  VV.  105  Delany,  F.  633  &5S 

J.  R.  519  Daniel,  T.  559  t>e  Li»^,  E.  A.  S.  Dubive,  A.  B.  S3^ 

Croiier,  J.  A.  183  Dai.iell,  A.  J.  317.       M.   185.    G.  W.  J.  H.  186.  S.34a 

Crnicksbauk, Major       Mn.  665                      413  T.  P.  188 

J.  817  Daiisey,  E.  M.  308  Dell,  L.  S.  443  Dob«uii,  U.  818.  I. 

Cubitt,  E.  333  Darby,  E.  443  Delmar,  M.  666  437.      K.  44i 

Combfrldiid,  R.  R.  D'Arcy,  Surg.T.74  Ue  M-.le,  J.  S.  439  Dorking,  W.  660 

6ii6  Darley.    E.   J.    74.  De  Morgan,  £.  A.  Duckray,  U.  107 

CnmberleKe,  C.  445        Lt.-Gen.  E.  557          S^^O  DoJ,  Lr.  E.  J,  6ia 

Cumby,  W.  183  Darling,  Maj.-Gen.  Dendall,  N.  185  R.  214 

Cummin,  Dr. W.332        W.  L.  518  Dendy,  S.  186  Dodcsoii,  C.  633 

Cumniiiig,    Cumm.  Darnell,  J.  413  Denhani,  E.  £.  78  Dud4i*urtli,lI.J.30T 

A.  413  DHsent,  G.  W.  75  Denison,  J.  E.  306  Dogicett,  A.  108 

Cummin«,H.I.  307.  Dasliwood,    E.    H.  Deniuan,  Hon.  Mrs.  Dolmaii,  £,  M.  3S5 

W.H.  634                   184.  G.C.A.  533.        G.    635.       Hon.  DumeCt.  S.  636 

Cunliffe,  .1.  441                Mrs.  H.  W.  520          Mrs.  L.  W.  413.  DumvilIr,W.H.30f 

Cuniiiii(;bam,  Capt.  Daubuz,  W.  444            M.  334  Doiialdaori,  A«  670. 

533.  J.445.  Mrs.  Daunt,  F.  R.  443  Dennett,  J.  183  8.  A.  588 

H.D.  P.30B.  Mr.  Davenport,  J.  305  Dennis  J.  S.  555.  Donkin,  J.667.   T, 

G.  335  Davey,  W.  557                M.  555  634 

Cunningbame.H.G.  David{;e,  G.  667  Dennison,  Mrs.  665  Doran,  H.  D.  lOl. 

443.     S.  554  Davids,  L.  lo6.    W.  Denniss,  H.  M.  318  J.  W.    163.     M. 

Copiss,  T.  413                J.  443  Dent,   K.  M.  636.  A.  665 

Cuppl«!6,T.  316  Davidson,  A.    331.       L.  317.    Mrs.  T.  D*Orsey,  H.  R.  104 

Curds  Mrs.  S.  333        J.  io4,  109, 634         184  Durvilie,  Coma.  J. 

Curling,  E.  76  Davies,  A.  446.    D.  Deny8,G.E.R.  185  W.  169 

Currie,  A.  306.    D.       W.  307.     H.   C.  De  Reniy,  G.  414  DougUt,     C.    634. 

558.     E.440.    J.       554.    J.  75,  635.  Dering,  Capt.  Sir  E.  Capt.  J.  185.    C 

E.  184.    SirF.633        M.  106.    R.  438.        C.  74  A'b.5SI.    U.  55f. 

Curteis,  A.  L.  77           T.  75.    T.  H.  F.  De  Ros,  Lord,  411  Hon.      A.      183. 

Curtis,  D.    S.   185.       P.  75.     W.  634  Desborougb,  A.  78  Mft.  H.  S.  184 

£.  C.  333.     G.S.  Davis,  A.  M.  184.  DeSiarck,G.W.380  Dowbminp  T.  389 

445.   J.  105.    M.        C.  330.     J.   184.  Densten,  V.  G.  185  Dowdall.  Li.  4lt 

G.  818                         Mrs.  H.  330.    S.  D'Evelyn,  J.  C  75  DoweU*  Bff.  414 

Cusack,  H.  J.  533.        318.    T.  307  Deverell.Ml^or  W.  Dow  Hoc,  F.  JU  114 

S.333.    T.B.  533  Daw,  M.  A.  76               D.  518  O.  448. 


Index  to  tfMnui.  6dl 

Dowm,    Vuo'ICM.  D'Urhun,  J.  6SS  Ellerman.Ll.O.  A.  Ettill.J.  lOB 

76  DuMifofd,  R.  307,  «S  Eiiridse.  A.  399 

DDK  net,  J.  2  tS.  K.  Sl<)  Ellice,  R.5I9.    Rl.  Etheblone,  A.  330 

T.W.  110  Duthie.A.  U.  ei6  Bon.E.4n  £ih«rE<1ge,MA.&5T 

Downman,  J.T.636  Djrer,  A.   333.    G.  Ellicorabe,  C,  B.77.  Etb«riiif;e,  J.  439 

DowK,  R.  R.  74  6Se.     H.  S.  330.  H.  M.  183  Elty,  M.  319 

Dowion,    C.    3I>7.  J.  J.  TS.     $.443  EUiot,  C.  182.  Gnat,  Evani,  D.  314,  653. 

H.  4ia  8.  A., -.ST.  C.  IBS.   Hon.  H.  F.  443.    F.J.M. 

Doyle,  W.  183  Dyk»,  E.  105.     H.  181  TS.     Li.  M.  6GS. 

Dojrne,  M.  669  J04  ElliutI,  A.  L.  443.  Mri.  J.  63S.    M. 

Dneike,  C.  G.  446  DjkM,  C.  A.  IT  G.  A.  SS6.    Mn.  L.  310.    T.  437. 

Dr.ke.  C.  443,  554.  Dyion.  H.  J.  663.  G.  H.  308.  R.  109,  W,  5fi3.      W.  C. 

M.  104.  R.   185.  J.  A.   79.      Ll.-  3.  106.  VI.  big  183.    W.  P.  667 

S.M.186.  W.GTO  Oen.  ess.    M-TB  Ellii,  J.  553.    Mrs.  E»it,  H.  A.  414 

Diiper.J.S.Tr  E.gtr.Lt.J.  U.445  T.  3J9.    T.  F.  74  Evekgh,  C.pu  F.C. 

Drewe,  H.  L.  666  E^iglr,  C.  666  Elllion,  C.  E.  I8S.  18I 

Dri«r,T.S.Ul  Ealea,  P.  P.  414  H.J.SS^.   Mr.332  Evrlyn,  C.  532.   R. 

Drummcind, H. 306.  Eirle,  A.  H.  333  Ellnan,  E.  B.  308  P.  532 

Lad)',  520  £<i«i«ick,W.J.5lg  Elmare,  J.  330  Evereii.  H.  186 

Drury,  H.  634.    K.  Ebdrn,  J.  W.  411  Elmglir,    Cipt.    G,  Ever^it,  W.  M.  76 

H.  2IT  Eb-ntll,  Li.  9.  108  610  E>ei,  S.  445 

Dryadile,  P.  333  Ebrlngiun.Vitc'leii  Elouis,  A.  445  Emuri,  E.  308.     J. 

Du  Buis,  H.  109  634  EI  |>  him  tunc,  j.  F.  B.  !l& 

Do  BuiMon,  E.  414  Evuln,  A.  308  447.     Lord,  IS  Eykyn,  dpi.  J.  G6S 

DuikMi,    Capt.   6.  Ec:lr>iun,A.C.665  Elriirglr>n,A.  M.303  Evlo,  J.  B.  108 

P.  18!  E.krrioll,  C.  519  Elidell.  J.C.ess  Eyre,  Col.  W.  JOS. 

Dudley,  W.  441  Eddunet,  J.  108  ElIor>,  A.  J.  635.  G.  Ll.-Col.    H.  518. 

Dudluw,  J.  446  £dfi.,  Col.   G.   M.  551;.     U.V.444  S.  436.  Surg.  W. 

Duff,  A.GS3.    E.J.  306.   E.  661.    G.  Eloe*,  A.  1 10.     J.  SSO 

S3).      Q.  A.    C.  F.4-I7.     R.  634  H.305.     Mrf .  J.  Evrri,  Ck|iI.  H.  411 

531.     M.  H.  656  E.lg.i.mbp.R.P.67t  H.  3a»  Eytoii,  M>«  S.  I09 

D.1H.M  I,  H.  U.   dc  E'Kr,  t;.  F.  'lOB  ElwuitLv.  J.  3{19  F.i.er,  Li.-C.l.  W. 

C.  D.  55S  E.'!!'(l,  C.  W.  BJ3.  El^vir,  W.  664  R.  633 

D<';:»ii,C.666  (;.  R.  lilt.';.  Em^r^on,  Mii.  R,  F»lr,  T.,j'"<.  32H 

Duilptiy,Mt«,E,44S  Edln..  T.  SEO  It'S  F.itliluH,  C   1.309 

Di'kr,  G.  TB               El! <•,    R.    76.  Emucnon,    E.   L.  Fal.kr,  Mn. H. l.^T 

D..ller.  E.439  S.  557  4J7  Fulrn.,!.  110.    T. 

DtimA"!!],    H.   M.  £.lu>anli:(,  E.  S.  A.  EDipaon,  A.  J.  78  443 

A.  636  531.     S.  519  Eufirlil,     Viti'ln),  Fiikuiiir,  E.  441 

D»inl>lclon,   A.  A.  Edwirdi.    A.   666.  iW  F*k<.nrr,  F.  439.  J. 

692  A.  W.6J4,  dpi.  Enelund,    Ll.-Cul.  C.  E.  41!) 

DumbrMsk,  Dr.  D.  H.  633.      E.  107.  P.  V.  306  Piii.e,A.184.  E.  IB6. 

518  E.    T.    1B5.      F.  Eiiclnhran.   B,   O.  H.  F.5I8.   J.Vf. 

Duiii-ornhF.  Mn.E.  .tn.    I.  -iW.     T.  521.    G.  E.  110  305 

446.  Mr..r,.T.413  G.   307-      J-   M.  EiiBliib,  E.  W.  L.dy  P^iitbiMrr,  J.  G.T9. 

DiiLcm.-,  A.J.  306  4  !■/.  530.     M>y'>r  656  M.  P.  78.      Rsaf 

UuiMl»,  E.  T.  635.  C.  A.I4.    M.  A.  Eii»' h,  Capl.  J.  J.  Adm.  A  75 

Hun,  Mn.  J.  C.  443.     O.  U.  670.  441  Faraell,  H.  559 

413  R.  319.     S.  78,  Ei>tbo>en,  M.  333  piitlrv.  A.  334 

DuiKiieiiiini,  J.  2ia  655,669.     8.  V.  Ettc-L>r»,  J.  P.3S1  Firqubir,  Lidy  T. 

Dui.h|>,  A.  M.  669  7-^  W.319.440,  Erri(i|;tun.l>.IOS.  J.  634 

Dii..l..i.,  J.  W.635  5SS.     W.H.I08  184.     M»|.  A.  C.  P.».,.i burton.    U.- 

Dui.n,  Hon.  J.  H.  Ed«i.i,  F.  183  74.    M.J.D.4I3.  C"l.  P.  518.  M(t. 

667.     J.   S.  437.  Egiiii,  H.  W,  STO  MrR.413  F.  lOfl 

R.J.307  EBrrnn.,UdyE.77  Enkliie,    P.     413.  Ftrr,  F,  W.  4.18 

D<ii'iia-e,  li.  314  IC^gnr.  M.  a56  Hon. Mn.  J. 413.  F«rr*<it.Lt.-Cui.if. 

Dui.n<i>e,  Mr*.  330  EKlh.ian  Rod  Win.  Hoii.MrtJ  C.5Z0  653 

Dur.>iiii|:batu,J.  B.  i«n,C'teifor,3i9  Eid^ile,  H.  333  Pkrnll,  M»«  D.  66S 

lOS  Etcbo,L..rd  74  Eai'ie,  J.  J.44S  Pirtcn,  G.  444 

DuiiiroiDbe,  N.  C.  Eeri,  E.  551  E-piii,  T.  &.  75  Fiirrrr,  T.  H.  413 

75  FlEff,  W.  P.  4U  E«tfoqn,Biig.-0«n.  F>r<iiicioi',Hn.]B4 

Diii.emuro,Mn.634  £l|Eir.\K.i>ear.linc,  J.  B.  B.  518.  Cul.  Fii>1kn>r,F.331.  M, 

Uur.di'r,  H.  T.  lOS  J,  Earl  of,  big  J.  B.  B.  411  M.  217 

Du  Plat,  Capl.   C.  Eili^n.  R.  M.  414  E<i»<>«zy,  Princen  Fau'iUcrov. M.  668 

T.4I1  eiiol,H.A,441  14.106  FduiHtt,  U,G,  »)g 


692 


Index  to  Names. 


Fawsett,T.  109,307 
Fearn,  J.  329 
Fearon,  Capt.  5S1. 

S.  T.  332 
Feary,  A.  444 
Fell,  E.334.   J.  H. 

334.     R.  334 
Fellowet,  J.  B.  310 
Fellows,  J.  M.  444 
Feltham,  B.  446 
Feiicbam,  C.  677 
Fenton,  Mrs.  K.  76 
Fenwick,  M.77 
Feraud,  Madame  C. 

A.  670 
Ferfi^uson,   A.   581. 

J.  W.  658 
Ferrier,  J.  107 
Fetberfitonhaugb,T. 

J.  218 
Fewster,  J.  334 
Ffolkes.  H.  E.  75 
Ffoulkes,  C.  M.  556 
Field,C. 443.  M.77 
Fielden,F.  109 . 
Fi|C|r»H.308.  S.308 
Filmer,  E.  8S3 
Finch,  A.  441.     B. 

665.     £.  A.  283. 

E.   H.  667.     F. 

520.  H.446.  Mrs. 

442 
Finden,  E.  446 
Finlay,  E.  B.  183 
Fiiilayson,  W.  444 
Fiiinie,  W.  334 
Firiiie,  A.  442 
Firth,  H.  521 
Fisher,  A.  218.    C. 

G.332 
Fiske,  T.  667 
Fisoii,  J.  522 
Fitzgerald,  Capt.  J. 

C.  412.     J.  309 
FitzHerbert,    Mrs. 

H.  635 
FitzPatrick,  F.  307, 

634 
FitzRoy,  Hon.  Mrs. 

H.  413 
Fitzroy,  Lord  F.  J. 

184 
Fladgate,  E.  559 
Flanagan,   A.    104. 

Lt.  M.  104 
Fleetwood,  W.  307 
Fleming,  F.  106,307 
Fletcher,  E.442.  H. 

M.  183.     J.  222, 

663.   Mrs.  C.  665 
Flint,  S.  330 
Flood,  H.  76.    1.76 
Flower,  C.  440.    J. 

221 
Foakei,  3.  M.  821 


Foley,  A.  77 
Follett,  A.  668.  N. 

668 
Fookes,  R.  109 
Fuoki,  L.  A.  184 
Foote,  Capt  J.  412 
Forbes,  A.  C.  308. 

Dr.  437.  Dr.  E. 

634.     H.  78 
Ford,  J.  75 
Fordyce,  Lt.-Col.G. 

W.  411 
Fores,  R.  439 
Forman,  Capt.  E.  R. 

186 
Formby,  R.  E.  75^ 

183 
Forrest,  Dr.  J.  518 
Forsbaw,  C.  J.  308 
Forster,  J.  306.  M. 

669.    W.  74,  664 
Fort,  R.  305 
Fortcfcue,   C.  306. 

C.  S.  411.  Mrs. 
N.  218 

Fortnum,  L.  220 
Fortune,  J.  107 
Foskett,H.  11 1,218 
Foster,  J.  V.F.I  82. 

MiyorC.  J.  518. 

Mrs.  334.  W.636 
Fountain,  R.  F.  A. 

413 
Fowle,  W.  H.  185 
Fowler,H.634,4l3, 

440.    Miss  J.  554 
Fox,    J.  307,    5)9. 

Mr?.  219.    W.T. 

667 
Fox-Strangwayt,H. 

183 
Framptoii,   A.  M. 

309.     W.  H.  217 
Francis,  C.  105.   T. 

663 
FrankUn,RearAdiii. 

Sir  J.  519 
Franks,  Dr.  H.  J. 

558.     H.  J.  665 
Fraier,C.221.  Capt. 

D.  M.  310.  E. 
78.  6.411.  Hon. 
G.S.669.  J.  185. 
J.G.V.668.  Lt.. 
Col.  H.  74.  M. 
329.  Majdr  H. 
74.  P.  G.  411. 
P.  P.  559 

Frattent,  F.  E.  R. 

310 
Frederick,  £.  310 
Fredericks,  F.  446 
Freeland,  H.  668 
Freeman,  G.E.  519' 

M.  M.  77 


Freer,  C.  310 
Fremantle,A.M.78. 

Capt.  C.  H.  633 
French,  F.  184 
Frere,  G.  668 
Freston,  Mils  S.  107 
Frith,  C.  186.    R. 

107.  W.H.L.333 
Froroe,  Major  E.306 
Fry,  E.  557 
Fulcber,  G.  443 
Fulford,Capt.J.412 
Fuller,  H.  437.    R. 

440.    T.  77 
Furlong,  P.  107 
Fameaux,W.S.635 
Furstenburg,  F.  de, 

310 
Fussell,C.S.P.  669 
FyflFe,  Capt.  D.  74 
Fyler,  A.  L.  J.  414 
Fytche,  Capt.  A.  74 
Gabourel,  A.  C.  309 
Gaby,  «K  D'O.  635 
Gadaleta,    Marc. 

DoD.O.F.P.R.186 
Gage,  Hon.  H.E.H. 

411.     Hon.  Mrs. 

520.   Miss  S.  667 
Gaisford,    G.    634. 

Major,  309 
Gaitskells,  J.  310 
Gale,    H.  W.    184. 

M.  A.  110 
Gallaway,  M.  558 
GaUiert,F.J.V.555 
Garobier,  J.  107 
Gamble,  H.  185 
Gamlen,  S.  183 
Gapper,J.C.M.310 
Garbett,  G.  307 
Gard,  R.  S.  305 
Gardener,  Mrs.  J.A. 

635 
Gardner,    E.    220. 

Misi,  669.     Mrs. 

J.  D.  76.     M.  L. 

522.     S.  III.   T. 

520 
Garland,  A.  444.  J. 

283.     M.G.I  85 
Garnier,LadyC.  184 
Garrard,  F.  445.  M. 

219 
Garrett,  H.  G.  636 
Garrod,  H.  J.  520 

Garvey,Lt.G.B.217 
Gascoyne,  F.R.  310 
Gates,  J.  439 
Gatliff,  S.  670 
Gauntlett,  E.    107. 

S.  665 
Gay,  J.  77 
Gedge,  A.  634.    J. 

H.307 


Gee,  J.  818 

Geils,   Capt.  J.  T. 

184 
Geldart,  J.  519 
Gell,  R.  413 
Gelling,  E.  330 
Gennys,  Comm.  W. 

H.  411 
George,  J.  110 
Gervii,  H.  330 
Getley,  J.  558 
Gibb,  Dr.  A.  632 
Gibbons,  E.  184 
Gibbs,  G.  M.  414. 

R.W.  215 
Gibny,  R.  D.  521 
Giffard,  G.  M.  636 
Gifford,E.110.  Hon. 

Rev.  G.  R.  184 
Gilbert,  A.  521.  W. 

H.  L.  310 
Gilbertson,W.C.556 
Gilchrist,  C.  D.  440 
Giles,F..185.    R.634 
Gill,A.M.414.  H.S. 

183.    J.  109.    T. 

D.  283.     W.  183 
Gillbam,  J.  110 
Gilliat,W.  H.  100 
Gillmore,  T.  P.  329 
GiUon,  A.  414 
Gilm«n,  J.  107 
Gllmore,  J.  S.  75 
Gilpin,  J.  331.      P. 

307,519 
Girdlestone,  A.  C. 

636.    C.  74,  636 
Given,  R.  C.  310 
Gladstone,F.M.220. 

Mrs.  R.  76 
Gladwish,  E.  559 
Glanvill,  T.  2l9 
Glass,  W.  553 
Glaves,  J.  C.  75 
Glehn.E.  A.  von  665 
Glencross,  Mrs.  J. 

635 
Glendining,  A.  305 
Glennie,  F.  74 
Glossop,  Capt.  J.  J. 

182 
Glofter,  T.  75 
Glover,  C  77.  Ven. 

G.  636 
Goad,  W.  T.  444 
Godby,  A.  109 
Goddard,  F.  S.  668. 

G.  B.  111.  R.310 
Godfray,  H.  183 
Godwin,     C.     557. 

Migor-Gen.H.  74 
Goetze,  E.  1 10 
Goff,  T.  553 
Going,  M.  334 
Gold,  J.  447 


Goldfinch, Lt.-0«n. 

Sir  H.  306 
GDldham,  R.  tg3 
Gumnie,A.  109 
Gooffa,  M.  T.  5SI 
GDDdEbild,  C.F.334. 

J.  D. S56 
Goode,  W.  «3-t 
GDudeiiuu(h,A^08. 

H.  P.  185 
Goodcred,  H.  446 
Goodlake.T.  441 
'  GoDdman,  A.  A.  E. 

441.     A.S.  104 
GDDHHch,L.H.184. 

a.  307 
GoDdridgc,  B,.  F.  A. 

622 
Gaodnin,  E.  C.  C. 

554.     J.  551 
GacHiw]rn,F.U.439 
Gordon,  Ci>mm.  A. 

C.30T.   G.W.I85. 

J.  A.  445.      Lt.- 

Col.  Huii.  A.  411. 

U.-C0I.   R.  Sir. 

M.  F.4I3.   Reiir- 

Adm.UDii.WJ07. 

Vic«-Adm.H.30fi. 

Vice-AdiD.   Hon. 

W.    633.       Vire- 

Adm.SirJ.A.ie9. 

W.  E.  A.  519 
Gore,  Capi.  J.  183. 

CM. 636.     M.C. 

414 
Gort,  Rt.  Hun.  M. 


Gustcliii,  M.  S.  309 
Goiiet.L.  H.  555 
Guiitit,  Cup*.  633 
Guilling,  C.F.  531. 

H.  610 
Goudee,  A.  6G6 
Goiigh,  Col.  J.   B. 

518.      F.  P.  636. 

H.636.   Li.-Gcn. 

Viic.  306.    T.  C. 

184 
Cuutd,  L.  186 
Guuldini.tb,  R.  334 
Gourrirr,  F.  B.  183 
Govett,  S.  558 
Qower,   E.   L.   104. 

S.  R.  414 
Gr.l.»>n,    A.     443. 

C*H''(-'.18!.Capt. 

J.G.307.     H.W. 

414.     J.  183,183. 

R.444.     Ri.Hon. 

Sir  J.  R.  G.  518. 

S.  SSS 


Jndtx  to  yamea. 

693 

Graliime,  Lt.T.  W. 

Qrimslon,  E.   665. 

553.  R.  4U,4la. 

104 

F.  D. 186 

T.R.I83.  W.S06, 

Griinirer,  W.  445 

Gfooby,  J.  553 

307.     W.  K.4I! 

Gr»nt,A.67C.   Cspt. 

Groom,  E.  667 

Homley.  J.  333 

E.  F.  306.     Capl. 

Groome,  M.  558 

Bmnliii,  H.  A.  635 

J.J.63J.    E.  see. 

Groii,  S.  C.  414 

Hammersl.y,  Capt. 

E.J.445.    F.S.E. 

Groivenor,  Lord  G. 

F.  636 

186.     H.665.    J. 

N.556 

Haminet,  F.  668 

75,310.411.     J. 

CroTe,  P.  330.    Mr. 

H»mmon,A.U  184 

M.51H.     M.J.  F. 

74.     Mr..  76 

Hammond,  A.  581. 

78.      Sur|:.J.63S 

GroTer,  J.S.  9l6 

P.  330.     R.  SI7. 

Gr>nthani,Co].  185. 

Gravel,  Sorc.E.4ia 

T.  M. 555 

F.  3S9. 

Grub,  W.  668 

Gf«.j«ell,R.N.413 

Grundy,  E.  309 

Hanbury,  C.  A.  186. 

Gra.ri«,  J.  183 

Guilleb»utl,S.E.78 

Hon.  A.  A.  B.  75. 

GravM,  E.635.     G. 

30T.     Hon.H.A. 

L.79.    J.619,634. 

Gully,  A.  E.  308 

B,   533.      M.   A. 

W.  H.  413 

GumiD,B.M.G.658 

185.  Mn.  R.I84. 

Gr.y,  8.  G.  55S.    F. 

Gunnery,  B.  307 

0.  636.     R.  305 

6S3.   M.sa3.  M. 

Guonintr,    E.    554. 

Hsrice,  P.  669 

A.  532.     R.  SSI. 

L.  554 

H»ncock.E.310 

T.  an 

Gurdun,  B.  5V1 

HiDdrielJ.U.H.P. 

Gr»y.oii,  C.  105 

Gurney,  C.  331.    J. 

520 

GrciTci,  R.  P.  75 

75.    Mr..  J.  3S9 

H-nford.  C.  E.  443 

Green,  l^pl.  A,  74. 

Guiurd.  M.  S.  104 

H:.nkey,Mr..lt.635 

C»p(.C.518.    E. 

Gulcb,  E.  C.  184 

Hankin,  L.  A.  185 

310.      F.W.66J. 

Guy,  A.  443 

Hanmer.  H.  305 

H.W..114.  J.ioa, 

G>atkin,H.  L.635 

HHDiinn,  F.  307 

558,664.     M.  E. 

Gwynne,  U  333 

Ha-men,  J.  74 

667.    S.5S5.    T. 

Gylei,  Mm.  446 

Hanton,  Capt.  G.S. 

331.     W.G.  41'! 

H«k*ll,  Lt.  110 

104.     E.  666 

G.BfB««.y,A.E.63S 

Hjidfield,E.A.C.77 

HarboUle,  T.  105 

Gr«ne,  C.  E.  652. 

HaEe>rd,    M.    553. 

Harding.H.:7.   M. 

J.J.76.Mi..A.332 

M?..  VV.  308 

H.*43 

Gr™!..lgb,J.104 

Uaeei",  F.  6J0 

HariimKe.Geii.Vitc. 

GrccniBw,  L.  185 

Hngue,  E.   B.  3!3. 

411 

Gc^nlBJI,  M.  A.  78 

L.  636 

Ha<dnian,  M.  414 

GrM.iwell,  A.  520. 

Hate,  C.  B.  553 

Hardxicke,     Capt. 

W.  307 

Hillci,  H.  W.  310 

Earl  or,  306 

Grf  enwuod,  J.  334. 

Hainei,  Miu  319 

Hardy,  Capl.  J.  P. 

T.  633 

H>ire,M.A.669 

IBS.   E.  610.   0. 

Ortei,  U.  W.  18S 

HaldiDe,  R.  552 

319.   Mr..  J.  530 

Gregor,  J.  67O 

Halenian,    Col.    P. 

Hare,  C.  75,   634. 

Gregory,    Capl.    T. 

339 

T.  306 

109.     F.  T.  634 

Hilfbide,  J.  446 

Hnrrord,  W.  H.  658 

GreK.or.,J.7a 

Halford,  C.  441 

Hartrave,  E.  334 

Crisis.  R.  77 

Hiilke.J.  437 

Harington,    A.    S, 

tiresley,  Mri.  C«pt. 

Ualki!tt,W.  Ill 

443.      Mr..    308. 

635.    SlfT.  5S2 

Hkll,  A.  S38,  440. 

W.  B.  443 

Greville,  Hon.  R.  F. 

Opt.  W.  H.  413. 

H«rk«r,  F.  B.  J8 

Capt.  W.  K.  306. 

Hailing,  B.  A.  n 

Grey.  C»p<.Ho...F. 

Dr.  J.  518.      E. 

Harmaii,l3.D.4l3. 

W.41!.  E.1UII. 

H.  76-     F.  443. 

S.  330 

H.  C.   413.     Li. 

J.  M.  110.     J.S. 

Harper,  A.  E.  670. 

A.  J.  667.   R.W. 

113.  L.3J0.  Lt.- 

H.310 

519 

Cul.  446.  M.  668. 

Harpur,  S.  B.  531 

Gribble.E.333.  W. 

S.  106.    W.  iSS 

Hirrild,  E.  931 

664 

H>llett,M.A.D.184 

Harrl<.Capr.R.  183. 

Grlffinlorrr,  C.G.76 

Holpin.R.  411,412 

E.77.   G.P.307. 

Gr.mdi,  F.  M.  666 

Halie,  J.  107 

H.  K.63S.   J.J. 

J,  W.  G.  443 

Halton.T,S16.  W. 

636.     J.  0.  5.17. 

Griffith),  I.  183 

307 

Lord,    411.      M. 

Grignon,  E.  444 

Hamer,T.ai9 

318.     S.I.  414 

Grimes,  E.5I9, 632 

Harriion.    A.    110. 

MJC.7fi.  Mrt.loe 

Mn.4l3.    P.W 

C.   IM.     C.   M. 

i 

694  Ind$M  to  Nam&i. 

223.    G.  183.    J.  Htywood,   J.   446.  Hewitt,  H.  T.  444.  Ho4fM,H.555,QS. 

B.  307.    J.  J.  75.       M.  S.  333                   T.  H.  334  J.  183,  439 

J.  K.   668,      L.  Hazen,  C.  D.  309  Hewlett,  A.  S.  808.  Hocl|pett*,J.W.44C 

M.A.  186.  Major  Head,  M.  W.  441.       Capt.  R.  S.  307  Bl.  C.  186 

J.  H.  220.     Miss       O.  438.  HewioD,  F.  J.  883.  HodsMB,   E.    SIS^ 

£.217.    T.  307  Headlam,    A.    W.       G.  109.    R.  634  919.     L.  M.  63^ 

Harrold,  J.  105              418.    T.  E.  306.  Hey,  W.  519  Mn.  E.  444.    S. 

Hart,  J.  183.  Major       Ven.  J.  664.  Heylyn,  U.  IO7  581.    T.  668 

H.  G.  519  Heale,  E.  M.  186  Heysbam,F.M.443  Hodaoo.    M.    881. 

Hartopp,  M.  A.  310  Healy,  J.  307  Hibbert,  L.  lia  L.  Mn.  S.  883 

Hartry,  D.  333  Heath,  Comm.  L.       H.  558  Hocy,  Mijor  W.  F. 

Hartt,  E.  185                 G.  309.    T.  109  Hibgame,  Mn.E.T.  74 

Harvey,  A.  559.   A.  Heathcote,  A.  669.       413  Hofffier,  J.  F.  661 

R.  77.  H.  D.  665.        Capt.  E.  412.  M.  Hides,  W.  413  Hoffy,  E.  A.  74 

J.  331,  183,  441.        558.    M.  A.  331.  Hichens,  R.  8.  186  Hofpaitli,  O.  A.  3S9 

J.  J.  78.   Lady  A.       Mrs.  W.  B.  308.  Hickei,  C.  E.  308  Ho|e|^,  Sir  J.  W.6I9 

76.  Lt..Col.  B.        Sir  W.  306.      S.  Hickman,  Mn.  C.  Holbech,  Hon.  J.S. 
441.      M.    F.    J.       J.  634.    T.  219          77  309.     J.  309 
219.     W.  S.  183.  Heblethwayte,     A.  Hicks,  C.  414.     J.  H olden ,E.M.A.S8I. 
VV.  W.  553.                 440                               W.883.  W.H.I83  W.  R.  663 

Haslam,  J.  437  Heddle,  C.  519  Hi(C|^ns«  J.  W.  671  Holdicb.lA.-CoIX 

HasselU  C.  S.  307  Hedley,    Capt.    R.  Hif^irg,  R.  W.  519  A.  74 

Hasted,  J.  S.  818            518.     M.  556  Hightrtt,  W.  188  Holdaworth,  M.  H. 

Hastings,  £.  F.  .S$l  Heeley,  W.  lu6  Hildynrd,  E.  310  185.     T.W.E.631 

Hatch,  A.  B.  521.  Heine,  L.  439  Hilhouse,  A.  309  HoUord,  J.  665 

G.  78  HHe,  M.  77  Hin,A.3 10,4 1 8.670.  Holiwell,  a  U.  l8Sb 

Hhi field,  R.  107  Hellyer,  J.  446                C.  519.     Capt.  O.  G.  M.  553 

Hatton,  Mrs.  Capt.  Helps,  H.  I06                  104.     C.  D.  437.  Hull,  J.  M.519 

184  Hemsted,  J.  519              E.438.     E.A.446.  HolUnd,  F.  II.  SSt. 

Haultain,  Lt.-Col.  Henderson,   C.    A.        Major     P.     411.  H.656.    W.B.3ffT 

F.  306                          6^3.     J.  P.  443.          M»Jor  S.  J.  188.  Hulliffan.  J.  R.  3M 
Haveln.k,  Lt.  Col.       M.  106,107.  Mrs.        MajorW.74.  Mrs.  Hi>lltii|cworib,T.i«& 

H.5IK                          B.  330.    R.  519.         446.     R.183,418.  Hollo«»ay,  C.  U.E. 

Havilai.d,  J.  H.633  Hend>,  J.  S.  413.           T.  A.  446  184 

H^nard,  K.  S.  635  Uftif^tiu,  A.  A.  6:i6  H>llhou«**,  331  Holman,  W.  H.6M 

Hawrs,  R.  183  Henley,  Loid,  305  Hillier,  G.  588  Holi»et,A..M.P.447. 

H^iHke,  R.634.    £.  Hfuniker,  M.  557  H. lis  D.  554  Capt.  J.  G.  SnS, 

H.  J.  5l9  Heiiiiint;,  J.  L.  636  Hiltmi,  A.  D.  412.  I>.  669.     E.C.M. 

Hawker,  J.  M.  183  H^nrv,  R.  185.     T.        H.    D.   519.      J.  667.      J.105,3«9l 

Ha»»k<n8,  C.J.307.        636.    W.  A.  633         412.     S.  446  M.ft57.    M.L.4IS 

E.4-13.   E.  C.555.  Hei.gley,  J.  306  Hinchl  flFe,  C.  881  Holt.C.  980.     UlU 

G.  M.    447.      J.  Heiislow,  J.  P.  667  HinchiifT,  G.  C.  334  E.  C.  330 
333.    J.  A.  F.  74.  Heiisman,  R.  412  Hiiid,  Major  C.  IH8  Holt**,  R.  O.  105 
Major  S.  41 1  Heniiff,  J.  W.  218  Hinde,  C.  M.  654.  Hoaifmy,  W.  77 

Hii«»<huri>e.  I.J.520  Henwoud,  A.G.  185        M.  F.  414  Hunmiin,  M.  331 

Ha«»irev,  E.  C.  634.  Hepliurn,  Dame  M.  Hindinarsh,  J.  309  HihicI,  E.  77 

J.  43^.    R.C.  183        T.  B.  4-13  Hinxman,  H.  66.1  Houff^it-tier,    MiM 

Hav.A.  555.    Capt.  Heraud,  C.  W.  185  HipplOey,  Mrs.  H.  S.  559 

J.  CD.  182.     D.  Herbert,     E.     592.        520  Hu«ik,  A.  D.  78 

554.     J.  H.  439.        Hon.  P.  E.  306.  Hire,  Comm.  H.I 08  Hooper,D.557.    Dr. 

Lady  A.  76.  Lord        Ri.  Hon.  S.  41 1.  Hiron,  A.  108.     H.  H.8I4.      F.&556L 

633.      Mrs.    183.        O.J.2I6.    W.75        105.     W.  448  W.  183, 588,     W. 

R.  S.  182.   S.  445  Heriut,  J.  330  Hitchcock,  W.  109,  R.  666 

Haves,    l>.   J.  333.  Heritage,    J.    442.        554  Hope. B.  H.  598.  C 

H.   H.   214.      J.        R.  H.  663  Hoar,  Mrs.  E.  556  104,414.     Capt. 

307,665.    J.  M.  HerrifS.Major-Gen.  Hoare,   A.   M.  78,  C.  519.     Cam.  J. 

77.  La«ly,  520            SirW.  L.  518             Lady  M.  520  307.     J.  438.     J, 
HMymes,  G.  B.  107.  Heron,  Mrs.  A.  440  Hobart,  M.  669  T.447.     W.J.9I5 

W.  329,  440  Herftchell,  H.  228  Hobhouse,  Mrs.  H.  Hopkint,  fj.  445 

Haviies,  E.  A.  220  Hervey,  T.  183               413  Hopkimoii,  W.  H. 

Hays,  D.  442  Hesketh,   Lady   A.  Hobson,  D.  T.  183.  557 

Hayter.A.G.  B.  554        413                               M.  634  Hopper,  E.  441 

Havihoriie,     Major  Hester,  K.  309  Hockiii,  F.  77  Hopwofid,  11.  186 

E.  633  Heiley,  R.  219  Hodfse,  M.  A.  818.  Honi,J.C.447.   U.- 

Hayward,  0. 310  Hewett,  J.  184              T.  8.  818,  308  Col.  F.  J.  449 


BarnbucklF,  S.  437    Haniphery.r..P.C36       t46.     Mr.  E.  -,i.        110,    30i,    eG3, 
Hurriby,  Mn.G,T.    Humphrty,R.P.iSl        S.  413.     W.  310        M»]or    E,     633. 

P.    580.      Re«r-   Hu..(,  L.  J3I.     L.  J«iie.  W.  310  Mi^»J.65T.    M. 

Adm.  Sir  P.  IgJ  T.  M.  ao7.      M.  Jnques,  A.  TS.     J.        J.  63S.     Mri.  M. 

HuriiB,  J.  W.  7a  531.     M.A.  66S         SiO  447-  R.  1b3,  30S. 

Hunor,  C,  A.  519.  Jirreit,  T.  307  R.  C.  S3I,    T,  T. 

H.J.330.  J.a^O,  JftrTl9,A.3l9  6<>3.   W.S91,ees 

413.     Lxcly,    7S.  Joumanl.T.  J.  437  Jo|«,  W.  6C9 

M.  439.     S.   76,  Jiiy,R.43e  Jonlvn,  H.  M.  Ill 

lOS  JeBTcr),  H.  76.    J.  JuiUii,  H.  lOG 

Horl«k,  C.  U66  T.  330.  L[.  B.  105  JuUiiig,  E.  B.  554 

Harrcll,  W.  556  Jetltryi,  M.  IS3  JuW'li,  B.  519 

,    Hum,  Mr.  J.  £31.  Jc-ffmy,  L.  W.  183  Judd.  8.  660 

A.  303  P.  H.  107  Jellic  e,  M.  A.  SSO  Jutige.  J.  Io7 

Hoikjii,  Mn.  S.  S.    Hu«banJ,G.  R.4I3  Jtnkin,  C.  184  Jud.uii,  A.  219 

671  HuiH]r>  E.  186.  E.  JenkMis,  Cumm.  R.  Kinc,  Li.  L.  C.  A. 

Hu>k}m,Mn.C.W.       C.  C.   Si'2.     H.        4I3.  Mi«.J.443.       4J3 

184  L.G30.  J.Mc.C.         R.  C.  IB3.    R.  T.  Kay,  Ji.C.Ali.    A. 

Hu)ie,  D.  B.  63S  634  519  S.  41)1.     M.  III. 

Hoih™,  Ciipt.   Sir   HuMUr.O.  G67.   S.  Jeiiner.  R.  F.  555  W.  T.  Sig 

C.  74.    C»|)[.  W.       w.  58!  Jeiii.inM,   H.  440.  Ktjt,  Lodr  C.   L. 
7b.    Sir  C.  309       Huteb)>iiiin,A.S?0.       W.  333  Ik4,     W.  F.  75 

Huughiuii,  R.  446.       J.  no.    T.44I  Jrnui.r,  A.  307  Kmoe.  W.  IBS 

"'   "        "  S,iiS7  Jrphsiin,  C.R.Lady,  Keaiiiic,  C.  W..155, 


Hur.,Lbl»w,  G.  414 

Hor.MI,T.  418 

H«ri,t.  F.4I3 

KuiFgood,  S.  75 

Hu'kcii,  C.  E.  75 

C.>n>m.  J.  413 

H(iiki.,g,  E.  442 

H^>kint,A.558.    T 

ouldi«..rib,      W. 

Huib»aii«,U.G.^n. 

556.    W.  183 

H.S.  6.t3.   S.M. 

3)8,443 

H.  109 

JerDl..Eh.m.   Hon. 

A.  (i3G 

uullmi,  J.T.  310 

Huitoii,    Cpt.    F. 

0.  S.  S.  74 

KrK...C.p(.W.G3S 

ii>tHrrl,r;.3l9.  Dr. 

413.     J.  C,  533. 

Jm»m,  J.  BIS.     S. 

K»ni.E.>l.519.  W. 

K.410.    E.G.  E. 

W.  105 

J.  519 

78 

eiB.    H«,i.  H.  G. 

Hyde,    D'A.    109. 

J«vl.,R..Hon.8if 

Ker|>,  C.  319 

74.     Li..ly  E.  F. 

M.Si7 

J.74.  M.A. 440. 

Kfiiii.F.  T.309 

413.     Mr,.  T.  P. 

I'Amwi,  R.  ins 

M.  M.  439 

K<'11'«»>,C«|".3I9 

411.     W.  445 

Je>v„i»,Mrt.  F.  J. 

K.ll«>[,C.^i.R.N. 

owd-ii,   T.  S.  F, 

TLbtitou,  E.  1-6 

E.  184 

104 

L«J>,MI 

ll>lFy,Mit>H.6i>'a 

Jrmood.J.  H.S58 

KrlK,Mr..  E.  333. 

..-el'l,  U.  H.  330. 

I..c«.J.!n.  T.446 

J.;t.e.  E.  1 10 

V,  I«4 

F.  30S.    J.  559 

IngkHrld,  C.J.I.  E. 

Jti,  Mrt.  F.  603 

Krl.o..,C.933 

«-.-8,  F.  IKS.    T, 

A.  307,  1  r 1 

Jobioii.T.  554 

Kriiif,  E.  107.     Q. 

5i7 

Inilli,  W.  K.  IBS 

Joh..«i.,    C.    4.1B. 

lou.    J.  T.  6«8 

^-ey,  C.  319 

Ir.a>ui>8«'.M'S'413 

D.  333.     E.   71. 

K.mi«,  S.B.4tl 

.»...,  A.  &i7 

Iroiiiidr,   t>.   A.  J. 

E,  F.alO.   G.H. 

K-m|...C»pi.  J.F. 

o.k'O,').  L.  530 

667.    C.  77 

S.3-.7,4l9.,Ml.. 

6J3 

ub.ri,U.S.M.7S 

lrTiap,G.  D'A.  IBS. 

A.  3.3.     Mrt.K. 

K'r.da1l,P.443.W. 

HuUdaii,  G.  \.  305       G.  H.  D'A.  Sl6  667.       Hn.    VV.       634 

Huddlc»uiii^,A.331  irvinK.H.  107  443.    W.W.413  Kciidriek, J.  lOS 

Hudsuii,     C.     1S4.  ItucioD,   Mn.  W.  Jabi>i«)n,  Cnpt.  J,  Kcniicdy.A.M.f;:)5. 

C-p'.  J.  636.  W.       443  411.  E.319.  Vice-       Camm.W.  H.I89. 

E.  439  Iibrl,  L.414  Adm.  C.  J.  633          L*d»  0.  635.   R. 

HuKhAi<,J.  331  Iiberwood,  8.  lOB  Juhiiiione,A.S.439.       H.  519 

UuKl'et,  l>.  W.  106.  |t(i,J.R.3U5  J.  I  HI.  Udy,  110  K».>it,  J.  E.  330 

E.   F.   833.     M.  j,ck,W.  5,M  JoU^y.  T.  670  K.ni.  A.  833.  J.J. 

558.     M.A.  330.  Jsckiun,    C.     331.  JolblTr,  A.  H.  IS6.       446 

W.H.77                     ComD.T.339.  E.  J.   555.     M.   H.  Keali*li,  J.  330 

Hugc..t.S.aiT              1B4.     G.  E.  W.  H.S58.    S.R.78  Keiiyuii,  M.  317 

HuKi'i'ili,  J.  J.  334       441.    H.  .1.  307-  Joii«(.  A.  M.  E.  186.  Ker,  R.  556 

H»Khi,  E.  44S               J.  lOe.  J.  G.  104.  A.  M.  440.  B.IO7.  Kerigilti,  M.  330 

Km<.h,A.6T0                L.   H.   Ji-S.     M.  Ci|>l.E.633,  Cul.  Ktrr,E.333.  Hon. 

Hulb«rl,U.P,M.307        309.    R.  A.  lUg.  J.E.3D6.  Cul.R.       Mr>.  M.  71!.     J. 

Hiill.F.107.  J.W.75       W.  56S.     W.  R.  306.556.  Comm.       449.  Majur  t-.rJ 

HulDic,  R.  P.  440.       E.  1D9  O.J. 413.    C.  E.       M.  181.     N,  74 

W.  IS3  Jacub,  C.  308.    S.  443.  E.  437, 414.  Ker-6cy(nir,U.S90 

Hulion,  A.E.75           H.  413  Gwcn,   164.      J.  K«r>bft<r.U.63S.  S, 

Hum«,C.A.76.  C.  Juki.E.  S.Te,   F.  305,    551,    664,       447 

A.   186.    E.    78.       443.    J.  556.    J.  666.    J.  R.  307.  K«w,  I.  636 

J.B.  181                   K.MB.    M.993,  Lt.H.P.33S.  M.  Kay. A. 447.  EL 669 


J 


696  Index  to  Names. 

Keys,  W.  186                 J.438.  SirC.  M.  Leacb,  A.  522.    M.  Lewis,  A.  185.     C. 

Kidd,  E.  P.  3S9              184  J.  185  A.  108.    C.J. 333. 

Kidder,  R.  665  Lambard,  E.  310  Leadbeater,  E.  441  D.  L.  309.  E.307. 

Kildare,Alarcb.or,76  La m be,  E.  184  Leaky,  H.  P.  307  H.  219.     J.  437. 

Kilgour,  I.  106  Lambert^    A.   520.  Leapingwell,  M.  A.  L.77.   R.W.  105. 

Kilpin,  W.  H.  657         Capt.  Sir  G.  R.  559  W.  D.  306 

Kilvert,  A.  M.  184         182.      Comm.  G.  Leatham,  Mrs.  W.  Ley,  A.  C.  D.  414 

Kiiiderfley,    H.   J.       R.  74.  Lt.  E.  H.  H.  634  Leycester,  R.  440 

186.     R.  76                G.  412.    W.  221.  Leather,  M.  E.  635  Lichfield,  M.  A.  )08 

Kin|r,C.76,77.   E.       W.  J.  105  Leatherdale,  J.  634  Liddell,  Mrs.  H.  G. 

309.  J.  77.  M.  A.  Lammin,  H.  221  Le  Bas,  G.  310  308.     T.  41 1 

670.   R.  J.  553.  Ltmonty  Comm.  J.  Leckie,    Capr.    W.  Lirvesey,  S.  M.  22i 

.    S.219.  S.E.  521.       222  309  Ughtfoot,    F.   556. 

T.668.  W.  E.217  Lamotte,  F.  L.  309  Le  Coq,  Mits,  555  J.  669.   J.  P.  413, 

Kingdom,  E.T.556  Lampen,  L.  184  Ledsam,  T.  M.  665  634 

Kingdon,  K.  L.332.  Lancaster,  Capt.  C.  Lee,    C.   558,  665.  Lillfurd,  L.  67 1 

S.332.  W.Z.185        555  E.334.   E.J.635.  Lillie,  F.  J.  110 

Kinf^scote,  Capt.N.  Landor,  Mrs.  E.  S.  F.  105.     H.  669.  Lillwall,  R.  444 

411.     H.  307              444  Major  G.  220.  S.  Lindam,  C.  J.  633 

Kinnaird,HQn.Mrs.  Lane,  C.  B.  220.  F.  78.     T.  78.     W.  Lindeiay,  Capt.  F. 

A.  76                           L.  H.  186.  Hon.  446  181.     P.  A.  636 
Kiiisey,  A.  M.  441         Mrs.  634.     Mrs.  Leech,  A.  H.  519,  Lindsay,  C.  P.  554. 
Kinture,  C'tess  of,        W.  J.  221  634  Mrs.  A.  308.    W. 

184  Langdoii,Lt.W.  182  Leeds,  £.  M.  414.  414.     W.  S.  519 

KirkpRtrick,H.670.  Langrord,Hon.L.A.  H.  636.    W.  671.  Linskill,  W.  78 

Mrs.  105                      Lady,  104  W.  M.  310  Linton,  Dr.  W.  518 

Kitson,F.  J.634.  S.  Langley,  R.  F.  636  Leeke,  Capt.  Sir  H.  Linwood,  S.  665 

413  Langmore,E.G.636  J.  633.     Lady  H.  Lister-Kaye, Co/.  G. 

Knapp,  J.  H.  412.  Langslow,  R.  218  308  L.  411 

K.  M.  307  Langtoii,D.445.  E.  Leets,    J.    634.     L.  Litchfield,  C.  332. 

Kiiatchbull,  A.  414        669.  J.  K.  183.  T.  665  H.   331.      H.    I. 

Knight,  A.  A.  76.  A.        105  Leeson,  L.  H.  77  521.     M.  108 

H.  182.  C.  M.O.  Lansdell,  E.  186  Leete,  N.  217  Litle,  G.  A.  M.  412 

668.  E.  J.  A.  668.  Lanyon,  R.  105  Lefevre,    J.   G.    S.  Little,  F.  671.     H. 

M.    665.     M.  K.  Laprimaudaye,A.F.  633.     J.  S.  519  110.    J.  444.    T. 

290.   Mr«.  E.  76.        667  Lefroy,G.B.A.  186.  S.  521.     W.  557 

R.  W.  G68.  S.  A.  Larcom,MajorT.A.  H.  M.308.    J.E.  Liitlewood,  S.  334 

444                               630  521.    Mrs.  A.T.  Llewellyn,  W.  305 

Knill,  J.  330  Large,  C.  670  634  Uoyd,  A.  309.     N. 

Knollys,  Col.  W.T.  Larpent,  S.  G.  107  Lef!ge,H.  A.C.334.  221.  0.331.  R.J. 

411  Lascelles,   E.    218.  L.  P.  330  309.     W.  E.  216 

Knott,  S.  664                 Lady  E.  444  Legh,   Mrs.   E.   C.  Loat,E.636.  Miss, 

Knowles,G.  H.  559  Lateward,  Mrs.  H.  307.  Mrs.R.C.SOS  558 

Knox,  Capt.  R.  J.        520  Le  Grand,  C.  221  Lobb,  Miss  A.  105 

636  La  Trobe,  S.  334  Leicester,  C'tesa  of,  Loch,  W.  D.  332 

Koch,  C.  M.  L.  310  Laurance,  D.  329  308  Lochmann,F.  P.  H. 

Kohary,Princs8dow.  Lavie,  G.  633  Leigh,  G.  W.  220.  331 

333  Lawes,  J.  E.  671  Mrs.  T.  W.  B.  635  Lockett,  J.  W.  670 

Kortright,  C.  411  Law  ford,  E.M.  635  Leith,  Capt.  J.  307  Lockyer,  T.  445 

Kyle,  Lt.-Col.  H.D.  Lawless,    G.    520.  Le    Marchant,    H.  Locock,  W.  634 

411                                H.  182  310.     Lady,  413.  Lodge,  F.  552.     J. 

Kynaston,    J.  309.  Lawrrnce,E.L.671.  Major  T.  518j  556.    M.  667.    S. 

H.  J.  77                      H. Lady ,440.  Lt-  Le  Mare,  M.  V.  636  634 

La  Barthe,  M.  de,       Col.   A.   J.    522.  Lempriere,Capt.G.  Logan,  A.  S.  306 

554                               Miss,443.  W.220  O.  306.    W.  412  Lomax,  E.  W.  310 

Lacy,  H.6G7.  M.A.  Laws,  E.  222.  Leonard,MaJor,441  London,  J.  331 

559  Lawson,  A. 554,665.  Lester,  Mrs.  E.  107  Long,  E.   109.     M. 

Lagden,  R.  D.  634         D.  H.  105.   E.  78  L' Est  range,  G.  333  309.     M.  C.  222. 

Laird,  A.  llO  Lawton,  E.  C.  438,  Letang,  J.  411  R.  P.  76.    S.  522. 

Lai&bley,  E.  669             551  Leihbridge,  E.   M.  W.  308.     W.  D. 

Lake,  £.  334  Lax,  M.  331  ^^6  183.     W.  H.  670 

Lakeland,  C.  443  Lay,  A.  670  Lettsom,  E.  308  Longden,  H.  G.  217 

Lakeman,  Capt.  S.  Layard,  Capt.  B.  E.  Levinge,  A.  78  Longman, Mrs.  520. 

B.  74                          413.    Lt..Col.  B.  Levy,A.441.  G.43;  Mrs.  S.  106.  Mrs. 
Lamb,  C.  333,  Ens.       V.439.  W.  A.558  Lewes,  B.  217  W.  76 


Index  to  Names.  697 

Longmire,J.M.438  McCaul,  A.  75  McNeale,  M.  3?9  Markland^L.  H.SIO 

Loiigrid^e,E.S.  ]06  McCausland,  A.  J.  M'Neill,  P«  H.  »i9.  Marr,  Rt.  Hun.  P. 

Lun^ueville,  J.  6.        520  L.  221  S.  C'tess  of,  219 

634  M'Cbeane,  T.  332  McPhersun,       Lt.-  Marriott,  C.P.  e6S. 

Lonjfworih,  F.  519  McCiea,  Mrs.  105  Gen.  D.  108  E.  B.  77.     F.310 

Lonsdale,  W.  74  M'Coy,  Capt.  J.  306  Macpherson,  Dr.  H.  Marsack,  J.  76 

Lopes,IVir8.R.L.413  MacDermotr,  R.  H.  555.  J.666.  Mm.  Marsh,  J.  665.     M. 

Loraine,  E.  M.  78          438  B.  520  E.  309.     W.  520 

Lord,  H.  J.  329  McDonald,    Major-  Macqueen,T.  P.558  Marshall,    C.    307, 

Loscombe,C.VV.219        Gen.  J.  633  MacQuoid,  S.  558  437.     G.220.     J. 

Louis,  J.  522  Macdonald,Capt.A.  Macrae,  R.  C.  184  559.  M.557.  S.77 

Lovell,  G.  668                 664.     S.  331  Macreisbt,M.A.521  Marston,  C.  L.  440. 

Lovett,  R.  D.  414  MacDonnell,A.554  McRobert,E.J.310  M.  C.  440 

Low,  1.  441  McDouall,W.S.519  Macwbirter,  Dr.  J.  Martin,Capt.T.633. 

Lowe,  R.  74,  306.  M'Dougall,    Major  218  Com  id.  H.  B.  4 12. 

Rev.5I9.    S.559.        P.  L.  411  M'Williani,  J.  106  E.  221, 443.      F. 

W.  D.  305.     W.  MacDowell,  E.  306  Maddan,  J.  S.  329  «^.  665.     G.  186. 

H.  635  M'Eachen,  E.  519  Maddy,  E.  D.  414  H.VV.308.    Rear- 

Lowndes,  C.C.  307.  Maceroni,  G.  L  185  MahoD,Sir  W.V.  R.  Adro.  W.   F.  75. 

Mrs.   R.   S.  413.  MacFarlane,  C.  E.  77  S.76.   Surg.  J.  J. 

S.  521                           441  Mainwaring,  C.  184  41S 

Lowry,  E.  667.     H.  Macfarlane,  R.  181  Mais,  Hon.  J.  439  Martineau,  I.  77 

310.     J.  634  McGee,  Capt.H.  E.  Maitland,  Capt^  Sir  Martyn,W.  414,440 

Lowtber,    G.    444.        518  T.  182.     LA.669  Massingbam,  J.  D. 

W.  309  Machell,  J.  P.  667  Majoribanks,   Mrs.  183 

Lowthrop,   Sir    W.  Machu,  J.  H.  332  E.  308  Mason,  A.  G.  635. 

219  Mackarness,  G.  R.  Makeson,  A.  557  A.  W.  217 

Lucas,  A.  S.  665            412  Malcolm,  C.  N.  W.  Master,  J.  S.  412 

Luce,  \V.  182  Mackay,  C.  447  439  Masters,  L.  671 

Luckock,  T.  G.  M.  M'Kechnie,  A.  412  Malcolmson,  G.  B.  Matchelt,H.U.413 

183  M'Kecknie,  Surg. A.  413  Mate,  R.  P.  75 

Luff,  T.  (^QQ                   411  Maiden,  B.  S.  414  Matbeson,       Hon. 

Lugard,  Lt.-Col.  E.  Mackenzie,  A.  441.  Malet,  M.  S.  M.104  Mrs.  635 

518                              C.  G^Q,  C.  1.  186.  Mallaby,  Lt.  R.  521  Mathew,  J.  76 

Lukin,  E.  D.  78              F.  636.     K.  636.  Mallam,  S.  444  Malhias,  J.  186.     J. 

Lumsdaine,A.H.76        Lady  M.5  20.  Mrs.  Malt  by,  B.  G.  334  A.  307 

Lundy,  F.  216                 A.  R.   444.     Rt.  Man,  J.  L.  78  Malbison,  E.  G.  8)8 

Lunsden,  H.G.  334        Hon.  H.  310  Manby,  A.  438  Matthews,A.75.   C. 

Lurgan,  Lady,  635  Mackey,  H.  664  Manclark,  J.  C.  105  667,    J.  216.    M. 

Lutener,  Dr.  W.  R.  Mackie,  J.  78  Manclarke,U.J.328  F.  221.     R.  444. 

T.  439  M'Killup,  J.  78  Mander,  C.  220  W.  445 

Lutwidge,  Major  S.  M'Kinnon,D.R.5I8  Manders,  E.  635  Maude,  L.  105 

440  Mackintosh,  A.  329  Mandron,  E.  218  Maughan,  G.   2)7. 

Luxtnuore,  C.S.663  Mackley,  E.  414  Mangin,  S.  W.  413  J.  £.  F.  333.     S. 

Lyall,  M.  332,  636  Mackworth,    H.    F.  Mangles,  R.D.  519.  B.  183 

Lydekker,  E.  330           77.     J.  H.  77  W.  H.  78  Maule,E.M.77.  M. 

Lymbery,  J.  215  M'Lean,  A.  A.  309  Manley,  E.  J.  306  78 

Lyiich,Capt.H.B.74  Maclean,  J.  N.  414.  Manners,  C.  L.  G.  Maundenon.R.  635 

Lynde,  A.  G.  670           Lt.-Col.  N.  665.  Lady,  665.     E.G.  Maundrell,  A.  446 

Lynes,  J.  185                  S.  B.  77  M.665.   Lady,76.  Maunsell.R.  A.  634 

Lynn,  G.  D.  670  MacLeod,  D.  A.414  Lady  J.  413  Maurice,  P.  667 

Lyons,  Capt.  E.  M.  M'Leod,  J.  M'P.  74  Mansell,  Capt.  633  M:\xfield,  J.  M,  75 

412  Macleod,  Major  D.  Mansfield,   C.  330.  Maxwell, LE.C. 555. 

Lyre,  T.  108                    J.  442  W.  552  Lt.-Col.  C.  F.  181 

Lyttelton,Lady,308  McLaughlin, A. 520  Mansford,  F.  444  May,    C.    H.    182. 

Lywood,  L.  666  MacMabon,  C.  632  Mant,S.W.  183,307  Comm.H.41l.  T. 

M'Adam,  Lt.-Col.  M<Mahon,Capt.635  Mantach,  R.  437  186 

D.  41 1  McManus,  Lt.-CoL  March,  Earl  of,  182  Mayers,  J.  P.  221 

McAulay,  R.  519            H.  74  Marfleet,  J.  414  Maybew,  Capt.  W. 

Macaulay,  Kt.  Hon.  McMurdo,  Capt.  A.  Margesson,  P.  184  A.  J.  74.     S.  438 

T.  B.  519                     C.  411  Margetts,   A.   328.  Mayne,  A.  O.  333 

Macbe;^n,  J.  519  M'Murdo,  Mrs.  183  H.  634  Mead,  D.  663 

Macbeath,  J.  105  Macnaghten,E.  519  Markby,  T.  183  Meagher,    F.    218. 

MacCall,  Major  G.  Macnamara,M.555  Marker,  T.  J.  437  Mrs.T.  F.  67I 

518  Macnaugbt,  J.  634  Markbam,CoUF.518  Medland,E.F.  A.  78 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XLI.  4  U* 


698  Index  to  Nam§t. 

MedlycAtt,  E.  413  Mockler,  G.  413        Mortimer,  llrf.  G.  NmI«.  T.  668 

Mee,  M.  E.  77  Muletwortb,  Migor       667  Nf««c,  C.  M.  83S 

Met-liiiff,  S.  554             St.  A. 306.  R.  518    Morton,    M.    414.  Neawt,  C  633 

Mfiii,  P.  557  Muleyns,  F.  \V.  B.       W.  183  Nedbam,  C«pC.  W. 

Meldrum,  J.  443            de,  555                    Moflcs.  A.  L.  444.  R.S06.  Hr«.Ctt 

Melhuhb,  R.  444  Molioeaux,  S.  666          1.  334  Neeld.  Mri.  J.  634 

Melvil,  Hon.  W.  H.  MoUer,  Capt.  J.  O.    Mou,  F.  £.447.  M.  Neill,  Ma|ur  J.  & 

L.  519                         411                              443  74 

Melvill,  F.186.    H.  Molony,  C.  A.  634.   Mottyn,    Hon.    T.  Nelihorpe,  LtMIoL 

76, 519                       F.  W.  78                     E.  M.  L.  633  G.  668 

Melville,  A.  M.  76.  Molyneaax,  E.  446    Motte,  W.  R.  S.  441  Nembbard.  J.  335 

Vise.  183  Mouerieff,  Mift  D.   Muutley,  H.  T.  555  Nepean.  E.  H.  I9t 

Melvin,  J.  W.  555          109                          Moxon,  T.  338  Netbitt.  Lt.-CoLC 

Mence,  B.  M.  1 1 1  Money,  M.   du   P.    Muchet,  A.  670  L.  317 

Mends.Comm.G.P.       446.    Mrs.  K«  £.   Muf^gerldge,  M.  A.  Netberooat,Mvt.& 

306.  G.P.I 83.  S.        A.  530                         333  SI6 

108  Moninf,  D.  666         Mulcaby,  J.  109  Nsiborton,  A*  558 

Menteath,  Capt.  T.  Montefiore,  T.L.  76   Mulg^rave,  Ctets  of  Nettlefold,  G.  lOf 

L.S.554.     G.W.  Montford,E.  E.3I0       635  Netileabip,  A.  834 

S.  307,  634  MontgoiDery,D.519    Muller,  M.  307  Nettleton,  A.  308 

Menzief,  W.  413            Lady  C.  530            Mullins,  E.  1 II  Nevile,  M ra.  K.  IN 

Mercer,  E.  183.   G.  Montisambert,     J.    Mamford,F.M.414  Nev ill.  Lady  D.30L 

110.    J.  636               V.  309                     Mummery,  W.  441  Lady  T.  M.  P.5S1 

Merewether,  W.  L.  Moody,  Lt.  W.  H.    Monday,  J.  E.  668  M.  441.     W.  A. 

76                                317                           Mundy,Lt.-Col.411.  111,918 

Merry,  A.  R.  554  Moor,  J.  F.  186             Mrs.  530.     Mrs.  Narille,  Hon.L.7i 

Merville,  M.  439  Moore,  A.  184.    A.        R.  M.  76  H.  L.4I4.    Mn, 

Metcalfe,C.380.   E.       H.  .S58.     E.  441.    Munn,  H.  183,445.  R.  75.     T.J.IOf 

M.  334.      F.  77.        Miss  L.  317.  Mrs.        H.  R.  414  Newall,  S.  183 

T.  P.  307                    E.  530.    Mrs.  R.    Munro,CaptA.5l9.  Ncwbtty,  E.  J.  08 

Metbuen,  Lady  635       O.  635.     M.  P.        M.  W.  106  Newbolt,  M.  J.  SB 

Meyrick,  E.  533            331.    N.  181           Mant,  M.  106  Neweombe,  C.  6|| 

Micallef,  Dr.  A.  306  Moorisb,  Comm.  S.    Mure,  A.  334.    E.  Neweoaen,  G.88S 

Middleton,  W.   H.       413                             D.  330.     D.  74  Newenbam,  W.7. 

633  Moorsom,  M.  309      Murray,    Capt.    A.  189.     W.  T.7'i 

Milburn,  E.  C.  668  Mordan,  C.  444              181.      M.     554.  Newbain,W.L4li; 

Mildmay,C.A.S(.J.  Mordaunt,  H.  333          Mrs.  R.  H.  520.  580 

414  Morewood,  G.  555          W.  D.  436  Nawington,  BTmL 

Miles,  T.  75  Morgan,  C.  R.  333    Murrey,  E.  J.  531  830 

Millen,  A.  441                E.  634.     H.  413,    Murphy,    J.     557.  NawlandJL.668.  H. 

Miller,  Capt.  J.  182.       634.    J.  A.  219.        M.  W.  518  999,440 

D.S.77.    Dr.  A.       M.  77,665.   Mrs.   Murton,  Col.  H.  J.  Newman,    C.  881. 

664.    J.  183,437        A.331.   W.L.183       330  MaJorH.W.US. 

Millett,  C.  443  Morice,  A.  D.  334      Mus|rraire,  A.  306.  R.  445 

Mills,  C.  519.     E.  Moriencourt,Comm       C. 309.  W.  P.  634  Newmareb.  J.  6Si 

443.     G.  R.  329.        J.  S.  556                 Myerf,  F.  W.  438.  Ne«ratead,T.W.44S 

P.  339.    W.  438  Morley,  A.  T.  109.        H.  M.  664  Newtun,  Dr.668.  & 

Mllman,  E.  H.Lady       Mrs.  R.  447            Mylne,  Mrs.  R.  W.  106.      B.  C  638. 

1 1 1  Morrell,  B.  666,  D.        530  H.  C.  636.  N.  IX 

Milne,  Mrs.  634             553.    Mrs.  J.  184   Naas,  Lady,  183  H.  916.     T.  186. 

Milner,  G.  555.    J.  Morris,  A.  E.  105.    Nance,  C.  L.  A.  333  W.  109 

184,413.  S.A.233       Capt.     A.     553.    Napier,  Hon.  E.  A.  Nlaa,  B.  W.  331 

Milnes,  N.  B.  413         Capt.  J.  559.    E.        185.    Mrs.  J.  M.  Nicbolas,  W.  J.  448 

Milward,Mrt.S.318        553.     E.  M.  310.        N.    530.      Lord,  Nirholl,  G.  W.  77. 

Miiig^ay,  G.  109              F.   531.      F.   O.        518.  Major. -Gen.  H.  L.  77 

Minster,  L.G.  414         634.      H.  C.   G.       T.  B.  306.    Rifcht  Nicbulls,  W.  334 

MitcbcU,   Cnpt.   J.       309,437.     Major       Hon.  J.  306, 633,  NichuUun«A.BA47. 

W.   306.      I.   A.       H.   J.   306.      R.        Sir  R.  J.  M.  518.  D.  ||o.     F.  106. 

670.  M.  319. 530.       414.    T.  553               Vice- Ad m.  Sir  C.  G.  668.     H.  183. 

Mrs.  F. 333.  Mrs.  Morrison,   E.    333.       412  Mra.  8.  C  558.  B. 

H.  308.    T.  183.        E.  T.  333.    R.  F.    Napper,  W.  309  108 

W.  443.    W.  H.       310.     W.  439         Narramore,MiaiE.  Nicole  VT.  414 

F.  183  Morse,  F.  413                670  Nicolsoo,  gir  p.  W. 
Miiford,    Capt.   H.  Morsbead,  J.  P.  A.    Nasb,  F.  J.  833  E.  189 

G.  411.                      307                        Naier,  H.  L.  184  Ntobtt*  S.  668 


Ind§M  to  Namn. 


Nisbett,  Lady  A.M. 

635 
Nixim,  H.  186 
Nuakes,  H.  441 
Noble,  F.  C.  447.  J. 

G.  107.  Mr.J.3S8 
Noel,  T.  214 
Nurbury,  M.  A.  D. 

184 
Norfolk,   Duke   or, 

182 
Norman,  C.  F.  520. 

H.A.  78.  M.219. 

S.  445 
Norreys,  Dame  C. 

C.J.     218 
Norris,  R.  F.  444 
North,  F.  633 
Northcote,SirS.74. 

S.  558 
Norton,  A.216.  F.J, 

329.     J.  215 
Notia^e,  M.  108 
Nowell,  A.  C.  443 
Nunn,  G.  S.  76 
Nunneley,  L.  554 
Nuthal),  Capt.  VV. 

F.  74 
Nutt,  C.  183 
Oake,  J.  77 
Oakejey,  A.  De  L. 

441.  MajorS.306. 

S.  6GQ 
O'Cunnell,  J.  75 
Od^U,  W.  411 
0'Donoghue,P.445 
Offley,  J.  M.  218 
O^bori)e,Mr9.E.220 
Ogilby,E.  Lady 668 
Oglander.SirH.SOS 
OrIc,  M.77,185.  S. 

C.  H.  447 
0'Grady,G.deC.186 
Obren,  £.  667 
Oldfield,  C.  106 
Oldham,  L.  A.  441. 

M.  217 
O'Leary,  Gen.D.F. 

554 
Oliphant,  Major  J. 

519 
Oliver,  Capt.  C.  D. 

445.  CD.  553.  J. 

334.     T.  554.  T. 

B.  6C4.  W.  109 
Ommanney,    Capt. 

E.  519 
OiiRier,  M.  443 
Onslow,  Lt.  G.  W. 

664 
Orchard,  M.  A.  445 
Ord,  Lt.-Col.  W.R. 

306 
Oriel,  H.  F.  439 
Orman,C.E.  520 


Orme,Lt.W.H.188 
Ormonde,  Marcbst. 

of,  308 
Ormtby,  Capt.  J.W. 

518.     W.  A.  75 
Orntby,  M.  220 
Osborn,  J.  B.  329 
Osborne,  M.  222 
Osier,  C.  522 
Osman,  W.  S20 
Ossory,  wife  of  Bp. 

of,  76 
Of  well,  E.  W.  215 
Otter,C.  76.Comm. 

H.  0.412 
Oitley,  Capt.  P.  F. 

664.  G.  L.  414 
Oavry,  H.  A.  414. 

Mri.  P.  T.  413 
Over  bury,  A.  670 
Overton,  J.  443 
Ovington,  T.  334 
Owen,  G.  816.     H. 

307.     R.  B.  805. 

S.  44£» 
Owens,  J.  323 
Oxiee,  J.  437 
Pacifico,  Don,  e^ 
Packe,  M.  521 
Page,   A.   H.   522. 

A.J.52L  J.  185. 

R.  329 
Paget,  A.  305,  522. 

C.309.  J.S.833. 

Lord,  306.    I^rd 

G.  529 
Pain,  R.  552.     W. 

333 
Paisley,  J.  B.  1 10 
PakenbamyCapt.B. 

W.d06.    G.D.78 
Pakinirton,Rt.Uon. 

Sir  J.  S.  411 
Palgrave,  C.  F.  441 
Palk,  L.  306 
Pallit,  G.  22S 
Palmer,  £.  519.   E. 

F.  105.    Hon.M. 

G.  Lady,  108.  H. 
522.  J.  666.  N. 
557.  W.2I6.  W. 
J.  215 

Palmour,  J.  D.  520 
Paltridge,   Rer.  E. 

665 
Panmure,Lord,4ll. 

Rt.Hon.  M.Lady, 

105 
Papillon,Mrs.E.558 
Pares,  Mr8.T.H.520 
Parke,  C.  A.  310. 

Capt.  H.  W.  519. 

F.M.666.  J.  444 
Parker,  A.  310.    C. 

M.  555.     E.  77. 


E.  8.76,182.  0. 
807.  H.  R.  310. 
J.  558, 667.  Ma- 
jor N.  A.  439. 
Mrs.  III.  Mrs. 
J.  438.  S.  343, 
559.  W.305.  W. 
0.553 

Parkes,D.380.  M. 

110 
Parkin,  Capt.  J.  P. 

669.    J.  L.  183 
Parnell,  L.  443 
Parr,  C.  106 
Parratt,  T.  448 
Parry,  C.  184.    L. 

581.    M.A.O.E. 

184.     Sir  £.633. 

SirW.E.74.    T. 

L.  D.J.  305 
Parson,  S.  108 
Parsons,  E.  636.  J. 

188.    T.  330 
Partridge,  J.  666 
Pascoe,  £.  J.  829 
Paske,  M.  L  104 
Pasley,  Lt.-Gen.  Sir 

C.  W.  74 
Passy,  Lt.-CoK  E. 

W.  W.  518 
Pater,  M.  444 
Patersoo,  B.    107. 

F.  553,  663 
Paton,  S.  108 
Patrickson,  M.  554 
PattesoD,  H.  308 
Pkttlson,  M.  SBH 
PMtrick,  B.  8.  183 
Patullo,  Capt.  J,  B. 

74 
Paty,Ma]or-Gen.G. 

W.  633 
Paul,  A.  448.     C. 

666.    C.W.447. 

H. M.  635 
Pawson,  G.  816 
Paiton,  C.  667 
Payler,  Col.  J.  ^ISS 
Payne,  F.  418 
P^ynter,  J.  A.  519 
Pearce,  R.  838 
Pearse,  E.  B.  333. 

J.G.  418.    M.T. 

111.    R.W.  183 
Pearson,  M.  448 
Pease,  J.  H,  667. 

J.  R.  528.   M.  L. 

105 
Pfedder,  J.  183 
Pedlar,  E.  383 
Pedler,  J.  830 
Peel,  Capt.  L.  H. 

518.   J.  634.    M. 

809.    Mrs.W.Y. 

520 


Peirse,  Mrs.  H.  B. 

520 
PembertoD,  C  L. 

412 
Pendleton,   F.    H. 

183.  F.  U.&807 
Penfold,  8.  1 10 
Pengelly,  Capt.  C. 

339 
Pennefatlier,  Col.  J. 

L.  411.  W.  183 
Pennell,  M.  J.  581 
Penney,  M.  N.  317 
Pennington,  J.  W. 

M.  108.    T.  551 
Penny,  C.J.  183 
Penrice,  C  816 
Penrose,  Hon.  G.  !• 

666 
Penruddocke,  Mrf. 

C.  808 
Pepper,  C.  B.  657 
Perceval,  Mrs.  F.  J. 

580 
Percy,  Hon.  J.  683 
Perkins,  J.  809 
Perowne,  Rev.  580 
Perrier,  A.  77 
Ptorry,  M.  A.  67 !• 

Sir  T.  B.  683 
Penyn,  G.  A.  634 
Petri^tt,  H.  414 
Petar,  F.  440 
Peter,  M.  185 
Petre,  Hon.  Mn.  F. 

308 
Petty,  S.  A.  77 
Pewtrcts,  B.  670 
Peyton,    Capt.    F. 

633 
Phelps,  T.  P.  664 
Philips,  Capt.  184. 

G.588 
Philippt,  C.  315 
Phill!ppf,Mrs.A.L. 

76.    C.5S8.'    G. 

75.    J.  no,  216, 

444,559.  lit.*Col. 

R.N.5I9.   R.G. 

558.    T.  439 
Phillpotts,  Capt.  J. 

S.4I3 
Pbllpott,  E.  G.  809- 

R.  S.  183 
Phipps,  H.  A.  F.  R. 

447.    J.  444.    J. 

G.  76, 77 
Pickard,  W.  L.  664 
Pickford,  J.  446 
Pigeon,  B.  833 
Pigutt,  A.  556.    G. 

O.S.634.  M.557 
Pigou,  H.  C.  531 

Ptlcber,MiS8B.55T 
Pilgrim,  M.  636 


700 


Index  to  Namee. 


Pilkington,  J.  107. 

N.  G.  520 
PilUns,  W.  P.  444 
Piling,  J.  419 
Piiicbard,  H.S.445 
Piiickney,  Lt.-Col. 

F.  G.  A.  518.    R. 

521 
Pincutt,  J.  Ill 
Pink,  S.  S.  F.  331 
Finwell,  W.  J.  75 
Pipon,  L.  A.  78 
Pitcairn,  J.  K.  635. 

Lt.  U.  554 
Pitman,  E.  R.  75. 

H.  666'.     R.  330. 

S.  215.    W.  106 
Place,  F.  822 
Phnche,  J.  R.  306 
Planta,  C.  A.  666 
Plater,  C.  E.  438 
Piatt,  S.  331 
PI  ay  fair,  D.  635 
Plenderltath,    Lt.- 

Col.  C.  222 
Plowes,  J.  107 
Plumtner,  G.  F.309 
Plumptre,  R.  335 
Plumrid^e,      Rear- 

Adm.  J.  H.  412 
Pocbin,  E.  C.  185 
Pocock,  S.  B.  555 
Poingdestre,S.E.308 
Pole,  Lt.-Col.  A.  C. 

V.  181.    Mrg.  W. 

E.  307 
Polidori,  G.  219 
Pollard,  F.  B.  441. 

J.  219.    W.  B.  74 
Pollock,  L.  D.  635. 

Mrs.  G.   F.    76. 

Sir  G.  633 
Pond,  M.  S.  309 
Ponsford,  J.  667 
Pool,  M.  670 
Poole,  E.  521.     F. 

J.  520     J.  668 
Pooley,  T.  220 
Pope,'L.  522 
Popham,  J.  L.  634 
Popkin,  A.  555 
Port,  B.  438 
Porter,  A.  P.  443. 

H.  667.    T.  223 
Portinai),     Lt.-Col. 

Hon.  W.   H.   B. 

306.    W.  B.  636 
Portsmou'li,     C. 

C'tess  of,  671 
Postans,  A.  L.  108 
Puste,  E.  185 
Postlethwaite,     M. 

220 
Potrer,  G.  333.     S. 

919 


Pnttt,  R.  522 
Poultney,  E.  439 
Powell,  Capt.  C.  T. 

306.    Capt.W.T. 

R.  51.8.    Col.  W. 

E.  518.     J.  305. 

J.  E.  78.    R.  106 
Powleit,  Hon.  Mrs. 

A.  C.  O.  76 
Pownin^,  J.  183 
Powys,  Capt.  Hon. 

H.  L.  181.    Mrs. 

B.  W.  520 
Poynder,  E.  221 
PoynfZfCapt.N.  106. 

S.  E.  440 

Praed,  S.  446 

Prar,  C.  107 

Pratt,  A.  M.  105. 
J.  M.  216.  Lt.- 
Col.  c.  c.  519. 

S.  522 
Preedy,  W.  T.  412 
Prendergast,  Major 

T.  F.  670 
Pre8cott,Rear-Adm. 

H.  633 
Preston,  E.  440.   F. 

78.     P.  216 
Pretorius,  A.  W,  J. 

438 
Prevoat,  J.  C.  519 
Priaulx,   D.  de  H. 

185 
Price,  A.   665.    C. 

221.     Capt.H.S. 

217.    E.  109.   F. 

R.   220.     G.  74. 

H.    183.      M.   F. 

522.     R.  E.  522. 

R.  L.  636 
Prichard,  C.  E.  634. 

Lt.-Col.  330.    T. 

441 
PrinRle,  J.  439 
Prinsep,  H.T.  519 
Prior,   J.    L.     183. 

M.  331.     W.  333 
Priit,  M.  C.  670 
Probart,  A.  M.  666 
Probatt,  R.  556 
Procter,  W.  75,  307 
Prosser,J.  186.  Lt.- 

Col.  G.  VV.  411 
Protbf  roe,  F.  308 
Pryce,  Capt.  J.  E. 

n.  632 
Pulesion.W.  R.329 
Pollen,  Lr.S.G.  446 
Pullinf^,  H.  554 
Porshouse,  M.  443 
Piirves,  MajorH.633 
Purvis,  B.  439 
Pycrort,  H.  E.  666. 

S.  439 


P]riii,Mrf.F.L.308 
Pymar,  T.  828 
Pyne,  Mrs.  106 
Quayle,  G.  104 
Queensbeny,  Most 
Hon.     C.    Mar- 
cbionesfl  dow.  of, 

669 
Quirk,  C.  T.  634 
Quiro^a,  E.  A.  IBS 
Raban,  E.  669 
Radclyfff ,  R.  657 
Radrord,C.L.C.389. 

M.  819.  W.670 
Radowitz,  Gen.  105 
Raglan,  Lord,  306, 

41 1  ,,633 
Raiket,  H.  305 
Raine,  Miss,  446 
Raines,  A.  414.  M. 

308.     S.  A.  666 
Rainier,  G.  183 

Ralpb,  J.  217 
Ramsay,   Capt.  G. 

182.    W.  B.  411 
Ramflbotham,  F.  H, 

306 
Ramsden,  M.  333 
Ramsey,    A.    185. 

M.  H.  538 
Rand,  A.  665.     J. 

559 
Randolpb,L.C.iaJ. 

Major  J.  W.306. 

W.  634 
Rann,  J.  333 
RanDie,Capt.W.818 
Ransom,  A.  E.  309 
Ranson,  R.  554 
Raibfield,  Miss,  554 
Raven,  P.  335 
Raveiibill,J.H.635 
Rawes,  Dr.  W.  818 
Rawling,  C.  668 
Rawling8,B.W.107 
Rawson,J.  220.  R. 

W.  411.  W.307 
Rawstorne,  M.   H. 

186.     \V.H.633 
Ray,  J.  106 
Rayer,  H.  817 
Rayleigb,  Lady,  520 
Raymond,   G.   188. 

Lt.-Col.H.P.5l8 
Rea,  A.  C.  281 
Read,   £.  636.     S. 

819.  W.  444 
Reade,  F.  520 
Reader,  J.  D.  106 
Reed,  E.  B.  P.  414. 

G.  B.  184.  G.V. 

520.    T.J.  671 
Rees,  E.S18.  T.75 
Reere,  L.  413.    M. 

413.   \V.  K.  815 


RebiiuKny     Banm, 

445 
Reid,  Major  C.  8. 

74.     Sir  W.  301 

W.107.  W.L.III 
Reilly.Lt..Col.B.Y. 

817 
Remingtoiiy  J.  B. 


Renaud,  Capt.  S.G. 

C.  74.     G.  634 
Rendleshania       L 

Lady,  671 
Rennick,  J.  668 
Rentiy,  J.  M.  77 
Renton,  A.  554 
Ren  wick,  Capt.  W. 

T.  518 
Revell,    A.  F.  lOC 

S.  308 
Rew,  G.  C.  186 
Reynardaon,  Mit.Ki 

A.  B.  556 
Reynoidt,    A.   551. 

E.  554.  Mii.a 
R.  580.  T.  307. 
W.  J.  413 

Rliodei,  A.  667*  & 

s.  330 

Ricre,  Comm.  ^B. 

4 IS.  F.448.  IWa. 

Mrs.      S.      5IIL 

Major  A.  T.  74. 

Mist  S.  B.  557. 

S.  306 
Ricliardes,R.E.60 
Richards.  A.  E.6CIL 

F.  J.77»  IB6L  O. 
39a  J.  333.  J. 
L.663.  J.S.446, 
L.  F.  310.  Mim 
669.     S.  E.  336 

Richardion,  E.  431. 

P. 665.    J.J. sol 

R.5S2.   S.E.448. 

T.  519,  634.    W. 

519.     W.  E.ltt 
Richey,  R.  436 
Rickardi,  B.  106 
Rickets,  C.  C.  76 
Rieklurd,  M.  665 
Riddell.  A.  980 
Riddle,  E.  556 
Rlder,A.104.  M.lQi 
Ridcoat,  A.  R.  664 
Ridout.  J.  D.  75 
Ridouct,    Mrs.    M. 

A.  Ill 
Ridsdalf,  Q.J.  igs. 

M.  M.  fOO 
Rigaad,  J.  75 
RiW,  W.  418 
Rikj»  Mtfivr  B.  74 
RiminKtonp     C«ft. 

T.  H.  618 


Index  to  Names* 


701 


Risk,  M.  671.     M. 

C.  H.  77 
Ritchie,  C.  S.  334 
Riviere,  D.  V.  441 
Rivin^ioii,Mrs.  413 
Rix,  Mrs.  G.  H.  443 
Robb,  Capt.  J.  306 
Robe,  M.  A.H.I  10 
Roberts,  A.  520.    C. 

77.    C.  R.  S.444. 

E.  108.  F.M.329. 
H.  521,  440.  J. 
A.  215.  Mrs.  S. 
108.     R.  A.  552. 

Robertson,  A.  184. 

G.    331.      G.    S. 

520.    H.305.    H. 

J.  74.    Miss  6*69. 

M.  1.  670 
Robins,  S.  634,  669 
Robinson,    C.    440. 

D.  671.     E.  667. 

F.  77.  G.  334. 
H.G.  R.306.  J. 
555.  Miss  S.  555. 
N.  441.  R.  R. 
558 

Robson,  C.  77.     T. 

G34 
Roche,  G.  6G9 
Rodd,  R.  309 
Roden,  T.  667 
Rue,    A.    M.    414. 

M.  636.  Miss  555 
Rogers,  Mrs.  E.  A. 

558.  R.H.S.308 
Rohrs,  S.  445 
Rokeby,H.Lord,306 
Rolleslon,  S.  634 
Rolls,  J.  75 
Rolt,  J.  D.  557.   J. 

H.  76.  K.B.  76 
Romaine,  W.G.632 
Romilly,  Rt.    Hon. 

Sir  J.  74 
Roos,    Hon.    Capt. 

D.  de,  77 
Roose,  S.  555 
Roper,  H.  335 
Ros,  Bri^-Gen.  Ld. 

de,  518 
Roscoe,  H.  E.  442 
Rose,  A.  104.    Col. 

H.  H.  518,   519. 

J. 219.  Mrs.P.308 
Rosenhagen,  A.  219 
Rossetti,  G.  668 
Ross,  J.  520.     Lt.- 

Col.    J.    G.    442. 

Sir  H.  D.  633 
Rothery,  H.  C.  74 
Kothschild,   A.   de, 

443 
Roubion,  C'tess  de, 
446 


Rougemont,  F.  M. 

R.  665 
Roughton,  W.  667 
Round,  £.  P.  217. 

Mrs.  J.  jun.  413 
Roundell,  H.  307 
Routb,A.22l.  Mrs. 

A.  335 
Rowe,  M.   107.     S. 

215 
Rowed,  M.  331 
Rowlatt,  J.  C.  412 
Rowlett,  S.  558 
Rowley,  G.  W.305. 

T.  183.     W.  310 
Roworih,  M.  A.  C. 

443 
Roxburgh,C.S.2l7 
Royle,  V.  334 
Ruddal,  £.  522 
Ruddock, A.  218 
Ruggles,  Lt.  J.  310 
Rule,  G.  556 
Rumley,      Lt.-Col. 

R.  411 
Rumsey,  J.  413 
Ruspini,  W.  O.  214 
Kushbrooke,    Mrs. 

W.  W.  635 
Russell,  E.  107.    E. 

L.636.  Hon.Mrs. 

183.  J.  666.  La. 

dy  E.  184.     Mrs. 

A.  555 
Rutherford,  J.  183 
Rutherfoord,  S.  558 
Kutson,  J.  M.  333. 
Rutter,  T.  222.    T. 

E.  332 
Ryan,    E.  D.   521. 

Rt.   Hon.  Sir  £. 

74.     W.  77 
Ryder,  Capt.  A.  P. 

182.  Hon.Mrs.F. 

D.  308 
Ryley,  C.  447 
Ryves,  W.C.L,  78 
Sabine,  C.  H.  105. 

S.  105 
Saekett,  H.  106 
Sadler,  G.  553.     J. 

556.     O.  185 
Saffery,  M.  A.  557 
Sage,  F.  A.  308 
Sagon,  VV.  329 
St.A|ibyn,E.P.  413 
St.  George,  Capt.J. 

306,  334 
St.John,r)r.  C.338. 

M.W.F.75.  W. 

J.  669 
St.Leger,  M.  A.310. 

W.  N.  634 
St.  Maur,  Lt.Col. 

E.  74,411 


St.  Quintin,  L.  78 
Salkeld,  A.  105.   L. 

A.  221 
Salmon,  Miss,  442 
Salomons,  M.S.218. 

P.  411 
Salt,  A.  E.  557.   M. 

446 
Salwey,  M.  J.  556. 
Sample,  J.  108 
Sanders,  J.  W.  77. 
L.  M.  77.   Major 
R.  518 
Sandes,  A.  522 
Sandys- Lumsdaine, 

J.  L.  329 
San  ford.  Lady  C.  A. 

108.     M.  333 
Sankey,  A.  H.  330. 

F.  107 
Sant,  J.  C.  184 
Sarel.J.  A.  185.   R. 

446 
Sargent,  H.  E.  522 
Satcbwell,  A.  107 
Saulez,  T.  75 
Saumarez,Lt.  J.  664 
Saunders,  J.  221.  R. 

667 
Savage,  Lt.-Col.  H. 

J.  518 
Savile,   F.  A.  530. 

Mrs.  H.  B.  308 
Sawell,  E.  557 
Sawkins,  J.  41 1 
Sawyer,  E.  330.  H. 

J.  183 
Sayer,  R.  7B 
Sayers,  Capt.C.554. 

M.  107 
Sayors,  W.  75 
Scarlett,  Hon.  J.  Y. 

411 
Scarr,  C.  110 
Scatoherd,  G.R.665 
Scholefield,  A.F.H. 
521.  G.  666.    H. 
310 
Scbulbof,  N.  442 
Scotland,  W.  C.  H. 

310 

Scott,  E.  217.     E. 

W.552.  F.T.75. 

J.  333.      R.  520. 

Sir  F.  E.  310    T. 

G.632.  W.L.412 

Scovell,  C.  A.  106 

Scrope,  F.  M.  186. 

H.  J.  218 
Scrutton,  Miss  685 
Scully,  V.  306 
Scutt,  T.  555 
Seabrook,  M.  669 
Seager,  J.  L.  185 
Seargeant,  E.A.665 


Searle,  Capt.  H.  R. 

411.  H.  441 
Seat  on,      Lt.-Gen. 

Lord,  41 1.  S.555 
Seaver,  C.  412 
Seller,  H.C.  183 
Sells,  S.  A.  636 
Selwyn,  S.  G.  188» 

308 
Semper,  E.  411 
Senior,  C.  H.  C.  104 
Sercorobe,  G.  666 
Sergeant,    O.   438, 

662 
Serres,  E.  555 
Servante,  Major  H. 

306 
Seton,  Capt.  G.  309 
Severne,  J.  M.  305 
Sewell,E.d30.  Maj.- 

Gen.  W.  H.  411. 

W.  108 
Seymour,  Capt  M. 

412.  C.F.52I.  E. 
219.  F.  182.  F.P. 
307.  6.  A.  I8S. 
Mrs.  W.  D.  308. 
Sir  G.  75 

Shackell,  W.  446 
Sbadbolt,  W.  332 
Shadwell,Capt.C.  F. 

74.    J.  E.4I3 
Shaft o,  A.  D.  634 
Shakesbafi,  D.  M. 

331 
Shanks,  A.  217 
Sbarman,  A.  821 
Sharp,  Miss  M.  J. 

669.     E.  636 
Sharpe,  A.  445.Mrf . 

L.  A.  184.     W. 

L.  520 
Shaw,  H.77.  J.  104 
Shawe,  J.  W.  445 
Shekel,  Capr.  J. 306 
Shelford,W.H.437 
Shelton,  C.  671.  G. 

A.  F.  633 
Shergold,  S.  446 
Sheridan,  Mrs.  R. 

B.  76.  R.  B.  son 
of  218 

Sherrard,  W.  75 
Sherwen,  J.  310 
Shepherd,  Capt.  J. 

182.    J.  105,  519 
Sheppard,  J.  P.443. 

M.  331 
Sberwill.  W.  553 
Shew,  W.  H.  411 
Shewell,  W.  V.  521 
Shield,  P.  R.  228 
Shiliito,  J.  C.  666 
Shipton,  A.  N.  309. 

T.  440 


702 

Shirlev,  E.  P.   75. 

Hmi.    D.    H.    L. 

443.     M.  331 
Shore,  Mrs.  J.  H. 

635 
Short,    J.  J.    107, 

Lt.  J.  444 
ShurtUnii,  W.  18S 
Sbortt,   F.   H.  183. 

Lt.   Cul.   W.  T. 

553 
Shrewibury,      Earl 

of,  411 
Shorn,     Capt.    W. 

66*7 
Sibbett,Mrt.E.557 
Sibihorp,  Capt.  G. 

T.  W.  518 
SidebottuiD,  F.  186 
Sierra  Leone,  wife 

of  Bp.  of,  75 
Sikes,  T.  520 
Sill,  L.  J.  555 
Simmoiids,  C  106 
Simmons,  W.  443 
Simon,  J.  181 
Simons,  A.  P.  521. 

M.  L.  78 
Simpson,  A.  D.  636. 

fi.  412.      E.  184, 

185.  G.  222, 663. 

J.  216.  J.S.  106. 

M.333.    Mrs.D. 

332.     R.  H.  555. 

W.  558. 
Sims,   M.   G.  442, 

445.     W.  S.  331. 
Simson,  W.  438 
Sinclair,J.  G.T.I  86 
Sinf^leton,    J.     W. 

665.   M.  M.  522. 
Skelly,  M.  107 
Skelton,  S.  310.  T. 

667 
Skene,  Lt.-Col.  W. 

670 
Skerry,  E.  P.  309 
Skillington,  M.  442 
Skinner,  E.  554,556. 

Mrs.  M.  110 
Skirrow,W.306,308 
Skrine,  H.  1H5 
Slack,  J.  A.  555 
Slaney,  R.  A.  305, 

iii6 
Slater,  A.  331.  Lt.- 

Col.  W.  559.R77 
Slatter,  A.  441 
Sloper,  G.  C.  558 
SI)  man,  D.  307 
Small,  Miss  M.  444 
Smallpiece,  J.  183 
Smart,  F.  H.  184 
Smeddle,  W.  106 
Smelt,  A.  109 


Indent  to  Namt9i, 


Smitb,A.78,106.l83 

633.  A.M.76  Cap. 

H.  411,412.  C.F. 

307,412.  D.C.I 82. 

E.  106,  442,  669. 

E.  C.  184.  E.  W. 

105.    F.  306.    G. 

559.  G.E.308.  H. 

447.  J.  G.  412.  J. 

552.  J.  B.  307, 552. 

Lt.-Col.J.C.  107. 

Lt.J.445.  M.217. 

MissL.N.44I.Mr. 

M.74.  M.T.5I9. 

P.  108.  R.333.  S. 

307,412,632.  T. 

109,  183,333.  T. 

G.  330.    W.  183. 

W.  B.  75 
Smithard,  J.  419 
Smyth,   A.  E.  219. 

E.216.  Hon.Mn. 

520.     Majur.   H. 

181 
Smythe,  Mrs.  W.  76 
Smytbies,  C.  A.  440 
Snell,  G.  443.     Mr. 

J.  106 
Snodgrass,  Col.  K. 

439 
Snooke,  H.  R.  77 
Soden,  E.  443 
Soldi,  Mrs.  J.  B.  332 
Sole,  C.  667 
Solly, J.S. 220.  Mrs. 

665.    Mrs.  E.  308 
Somerset,  Capt.  P. 

411.    Capt.  P.  G. 

H.41I 
Somerville,J.C.305. 

M.A.442.  P.  183 
Sorell,Capt.H.E.5]8 
Sosnowsky,  P.  217 
Soihebv,  C.  W.  W. 

518 
Southby,  R.  334 
Soiithcomb,  E.  664 
Southwell, H.G.552. 

M.  R.  184 
Sowton>  W.  670 
Spackman,  C.  184 
Sparling^,  J.  520 
Sparrow,  B.  105.  H. 

332.    J.  B.  183 
Sparrowe,  M.  A.  106 
Spearman,  M.J.  223 
Spears,  J.  414 
Speck,  F.  330 
Speke,  J.  F.  667 
Spence,      E.      444. 

Major  C.  H.  181. 

W.  554 
Spencer,  Earl,  189. 

G.M.I  07 
Speni,  F.  184 


Spooner,  O.  W.  75. 

L  186,308 
SpriDgett,W.J.  183 
Sproi,  A.  449 
Spurdens.W.T.55l 
Spurrell,  F.  593 
Spurrett,  S.  557 
Squire,  E.  666 
Sface,CKpt.H.C.306 
Stackhouse,  F.  666 
Stainfortb,Mrs.556 
Stamford,  Major  H. 

529 
Standisb,    E.  L  H. 

C.  186 
Stanford,  M.  991 
Stanhope,  Mrs.  H. 

E.  C.  S.  520 
Stanley,  Hon.  H.  E. 

J.  411 
Stansfield,  R.  639 
Stanton,  J.  108 
Stapley,  F.  A.  414 
Starck,  M.  de,  918 
Stares,  E.  110 
Starkey,  Capt.  185 
Staveley,  R.  664 
Stawell,  J.  414,591 

Steavenson,  A.  M. 

449 
Stedman,  E.  108 
Steedman,S.W.520 
Steel,  Brig.-Gen.  S. 

W.74.    S.  H.186 
Steele,  J.  W.  559 
Stephen,  C.  V.  308. 

M.  C.  184 
Stephens,  E.  74 
Stepney,  H.  H.  629 
Sterland,  J.  556 
Sterling)  Capt.  A.C. 

411 
Stert,  A.  R.  419 
Stevens,  F.  H.  182. 

R.  109.    W.  443. 

W.H.  186 
Stevenson,  H.J.437. 

M.  M.  444 
Stewart,  A.  929.  A. 

M.  106.    D.  307. 

Hon.  Mrs.  K.  635. 

1.  334.  J.  633.  J. 

£.  D.  414.   L.M. 

308.   Major  J.  H. 

518.    Rear-Adm. 

H.74 
Still,  S.  105 
Stirling,     J.     919. 

Rear-Adm.  Sir  J. 

189 
Stirton,  S.  334 
Srock,  C.  A.  591 
Stodart,J.449 
Stoddart,    Capt.  J. 

222.    J.  189 


Scofdon,  MiM  J.  B. 

555 
Scokety  C.  991.    B. 

413 
Stone,  J.  991  M.A. 

108.  T.  H.  K.  636 
Stonboosc,  F.   ft90. 

S.  A.  M.  C.  .S9l 
St  opford,Cftpt  •  Hon. 

M.  75.     Hun.  E. 

186.  Hon.  H.  76, 

419 
Store  r,  A.  O.  670 
Storey,  L.  440 
Storr,  F.  6:i4 

Stoibert,  S.K.307. 

W.  634 
Stougbton,  C.  184 
Stoiirton,  Hon*  A. 

555 
StoTin,  J.  437 
Stoyie,  Lt.*CoL  J. 

181 
Strange,  J.  N.  189 
Stratton,  F.  R.  890. 

G.  186 
Stretcb,J.C.T.183 
Strickland,E.S.«9l 
Stride,  J.  557.     N. 

920.    ^,  108 
Strike,  J.  414 
Strode,  F.T.C.  519 
Stroud,  H.  588.   J. 

307,634 
StroTer,  H.185.   T. 

189 
Strott,  B.  556 
Stoart,  Hon.  H.  W* 

V.634.  H011.W. 

H.339.  R.O.106. 

W.331 
Stuckejp,  J.  F.  070 
Studley*  W.  105 
Sturge,  T.  W.  105 
SturKesH.R.B.78 
St  jeb,  W.  438 
Such,  J.  667 
Sugden,Hon.A.  631. 

M.  C.  H.  591 
SulllTin,Ca|it.  B.  J* 

419.    Capt.  G.  A. 

F.4I1.  E.8.M7 
Siimner,C.V.H.307. 

J.  H.  R.  183 
So  man,  Capt.  J.  51 8 
Surridge,  N.  78 
Surteei,  L.  C.  184 
Snteliflfo,  S.  917 
8olberiand,A.P.II0. 

A.  J.  686.  J.  555 
Sutleffe,Mn.A.555 
Satton,  A.  M.  SOi. 

Hon.  Mrs.  H.  IC. 

590.     J.  H.  55& 

J.M.599.  L.44S. 


Indmt  to  Namei. 


L.  S.  665.  Mn./. 

H.  M.  520.   Mrs. 

R.  183 
Swaiiisoiiy  C.  A. 75. 

J.  216 
Swale,  M.  332 
Swan,  C.  T.  186 
Swayne,  £.  M.  A. 

666 
Sweeney,  J.  437 
Sweet,   J.    B.    634. 

W.  F.  184 
Sweetapple,  M.  447 
Sweeting,    Lt.-Col. 

H.  L.  306 
Sweny,  R.  443 
Swift,  G.  520 
Swinburne,  C.  333 
Swinion,Col.W.109. 

G.  M.  217 
Swyiiy,  Major  E.  S. 

T.  181 
Syer,  A.  S.  334 
Sykes,  C.  330.     G. 

M.183.    Lt.-Col. 

W.  H.  519.     M. 

£.  414 
Symes,  A.   E.  669* 

C.  309 
Symonds,    L.    221. 

Lt.  W.  C.  554 
Syn£re,E.  183.    Mn. 

W.  F.  76 
Syth,  S.  B.  307 
Taft,  E.  330 
Tailyour,   Mrs.    H. 

331 
Tail,  Major  J.  308 
Talmad^e,  W.  444 
TampUn,  L.  185 
Tanner,  E.  L.  223. 

E.  M.  310.  H. 
522.  M.  E.  522. 
S.  522 

Tarleton,   Capt.  J. 

W.  74 
Tarrait,  O.  445 
Tate,  W.  221 
Tat  ham,  A.  520 
Tatlock.  E.  J.  414. 

F.  221 

Tat  nail,  Mrs.  105 
Talt?im,  M.  A.  107 
Tayler,  C.  520.     J. 

F.  186 
Taylor,  A.  M.  522. 

E.  F.  220.    G.  H. 

334.    J.  331.     J. 

d'E.  185.     J.  R. 

411.    M.  308.    S. 

557.  W.310.  W. 

H.  671 
Taysipill,  C.  F.  185 
Temple,     Dr.     76. 

Mr.  74 


Temple,  Vice  Adin. 

P.  3u6 
Tennant,Brig.«Gen. 

Sir  J.  664 
Tennyson,  Mrs.  A. 

520 
Terry,   C.    D.    W. 

554.  F.310.  Mrs. 

S.  669. 
Teusb-Hecker,     S. 

H.  668 
Thackeray,  E.  664 
Theed,  T.  M.  77 
Theudosiuiy    J.  H. 

520 
Tbibaudeau,  Count 

446 
Tbiidetbwayte, 

Mrs.  T.  413 
Thomas,    D.    634. 

E.  185,  389.    £. 

A.  Lady,  670.  E. 

E.105.  G.J.  104. 

J.  A.  331.    L.  75. 

Sir  G.   184.    W. 

G.  S.  78 
Thompson,  A.   K. 

634.      C.     414. 

Capt.  C.  W.  522. 

E.  110,918,668. 

G.  D.307.    H.I. 

521.     J.  D.  219. 

J.  N.  183.      Lt.. 

Col.  T.   P.   518. 

R.  107,446.     T. 

B.H.6S4.   T.W. 

330 
Tbomson,  B.  C.  78. 

Dr.  J.   552.    G. 

D.    520.     H.    I. 

414.     I.  556.    J. 

310.     R.  C.  554 
Thorn,  Major-Gen. 

N.  181 
Tbomdike>  J.  107, 

329 
Tbornbill,  A.  308, 

C.  634 
Tbornley,  H.  310 
Thornton,    G.    W. 

414.  MajorJ.669. 

W.  221 
Thorold,A.W.554. 

C.  437 
Thoroton,  C.  634 
Thorp,  A.  W.  555. 

J.  307,  634.     R. 

C.  309.    T.  556 
Thorpe,  E.  559 
Thrinir,  E.  310 
Throckmorton,    R. 

C.  C.  218 
Thwaites.T.  108 
Tickiier,  E.  449 
Tidderaao,  H.9I9 


Tidy,MaJ.T.H.518. 
Tierney,Mii4M.44l 
rUly,  Lt.  G.S.  636 
Timmis,  J.  HI 
Tindale,  S.4I4 
Tlppin^,T.330 
Tireman,  S.  C.  833 
Tisdall,  Rear-Adm. 

668 
Todd,  M.  S.  331 
ToUey,  Hod.  Mra. 

918 
Tolliier,  M.A.  217 
Tomkin,  J.  W.  521 
Tomkinaon,MraI84 
Tomkison,T.  105 
Tomlio,  Miss  A.558 
Tompson,  E.  438 
Tonyn,  J.  F.  664 
Toohey,  M.  557 
Tooke,  E.  449 
Toomer,  J.  990 
Topham,  T.  T.  185 
Torin,  R.  293 
Torrin^on,Viic411 
Tot  tenham,MrsJ.  P. 

308 
Touch,  W.  917 
Toiisel,  Capt.  T.  P. 

633 
Tower,  P.  E.  590 
Townley,  W.  556 
Townsend,C.L.443. 

£.108.  J.G.668. 

Lt..CoLH.D.618. 

S.  L.  634 
Towntbend,  Hon.A. 

830,449.  Lt..Col. 

H.  D.519 
Trapy,Hon.H.H.6d9 
Trafford,  H.  de  599. 

Mrs.  C.  G.  76 
Traherne,  G.  551 
Traill,  M.  591 
Tram,  N.  918 
Travers,Mrs.I.413. 

R.  D.  307 
Treherne,  H.  310 
Trench,  C.Le  P.  556 
Tress,  E.  446 
Trerelyan,  H.  449. 

Sir  C.  74 
Trickey,Lt..Col.T. 

T.  665 
Trimmer,  J.  107 
Tripp,  M.  L.  590 
Tri«tram,  E.  699 
Tritton>  Lt.-Col.  J. 

654 
Trollope,  D.  443 

Trotter,Capt.J.559. 

Hon.Mri.590.  J. 

558 
Troubridi^,  8. 440 
Truteott,  J.  418 


708 

Tryon,  C.S17 
Tucker,  J.  444.  Mn. 

H.  108 
Tucket  t,R.  G.S.  830 

Tudor,Lt.-Col.J.C. 

74 

Tufnell»LadyA.6S5 
Tulloch,  J.  634 
TuUoh,  R.  H.  990 
Tunney,  J.  R.  663 
Turner,  C.  339.    C. 

F.  107.    F.  C.  P. 

805.    G.  551.    G. 

R.634.  H.T.552. 

J.  509.    P.  446. 

S.  990.    W.  666 

Turton,J.414.Major 

J.  74 
Tuton,  J.  331 
Tuttlett,  L.  590 
Twentyman,  J.  551 
Twiss,  Major  J.  806 
Twist,  J.  105 
Twycross,  O.  110 

Twvsden,H.D.  189 
Tjffden,  Col.  W.  B. 
411 

Tyler,  C.  A.  186,808 
Tynte,    CoL     806. 

Mrs.  K.  590 
Tyre,  M.  L.  448 
Tyrrell,  C.  A.  448. 

£.636 
Tyrwhitt,  Sir  H.  T. 

185 
T^ssen,  Mrs.  520. 

W.  G.  T.  567 
Tytter,A.G.44i 

Ubsdell,T.  P.  558 
Udny,  T.  8.  669 
UmfreTille,  J.  413. 

S.  C.  189 
Underwood,  E.  M. 

556.   M.558.  M. 

£.  186.    R.  414 

Unett,MaJorW.306 
Uniaeke,  J.  B.  638 
Unwin,  P.  8.  665. 

S.  H.4I9 
Urquhart,  J.  E.  636. 

Mrs.  F.  G.  634 
Usher,  J.  437 
Vachell,Lt..Col.445 
Vaillant,  A.  185 
Valentine,  R.  J.  8. 

183,664 
Valiant,  Capt.  L.M. 

418 
Vanance,J.59l.W. 

807 
Valpy,  T.  183 
Vance,  £.  B.  558 
Vander  Byl,  P.  G, 

78 
VaiMi  Lord  A.  619 


704 

Van  Heythoien,  M. 

108 
Vanhouse,  E.  R.  105 
Vaiineck,  T.  217 
Vansitcart,  N.  519 
Vaugban,  A.  J.  B. 

636.    G.  5S2.    J. 

E.  78.     P.  Le  M. 

106 
Vava8our,Hon.Mrs. 

634 
Verdon,  W.  523 
Veltcb,  J.  H.  668 
Venablet,  A.  R.  665 
Venice,      Doge    of, 

Cbild  of  335 
Verlingy  Dep.-Ins.- 

Gen.  411 
Vernon,C.183.  Hon. 

J.  V.309.   J.  77. 

Lad>rH.413 
Vesey,  E.  331 
Veysey,  E.  521 
Vicari,  Lt,-Col.  E. 

306 
Vickery,  T.  M.  444 
Victor,  G.  447 
VidaI,Capt.A.T.E. 

307 
Vincent,  E.  105.   G. 

G.  441 
Viner,  J.  T.  669 
Vines,  D.  222 
Vipan,  B.  222 
Virtue,  G.  H.  635 
Vitr<^,A.M.M.del86 
Vivian,   E.  L.   107. 

Lady  520 
Vizard,  G.  666 
Vlieland,  J.N.  183 
Voshul,  Baron  d*A. 

B.  de  309 
Vo8s  G.  H.  107 
Vulliaray,    F.   309. 

Mrs.  G.  307 
Vyse,   Capt.  R.  H. 

R.  H.  519.   Major 

G.  H.  633 
Wadd,  F.  A.  218 
Waddilove,C.H.l84 
Waddy,MajurR.4ll 
Wade,  H.  665.  Lady 

413.  Mrs.  76.  T. 

L.  665 
Wadmore,  J.  220 
WainwrightjComm. 

J.  F.  B.  412 
Waite,  H.  E.  665 
Wait  h  man,  J.  636 
Wake,  A.   L.  309. 

J.  H.  307 
Walcot,  J.  520.     J. 

A.  439 
WalJegrave,    Hon. 

P.M.  219 


Index  to  Names, 


Waldron,A.M.41S 
Wale,  H.  Lady  108 
Walker,  A.  444.    F. 

413.    F.  J.   183. 

I.  444.     J.  216, 

521.     J.  T.  557. 

Lady  308.  M.214, 

335.   Miss  F.  554. 

Mrs.  558.     M.  S. 

414,636.  R.307, 

553,  663.     R.  P. 

438.     R.  G.  185. 

R.  O.  308.      W. 

309,  334 
Wallace,  Maj.-Gen. 

Sir  J.  M.  306 
Waller,  T.  440 
Wallis,  J.  R.  S.  308. 

Mrs.  A.  A.  308. 

T.  445 
Walpole,    Col.    H. 

334.       Major    J. 

306.     R.  H.  223. 

Rt.   Hon.   S.   H. 

306 
Walsb,  A.  332.    D. 

634 
Walter,     Copt.     J. 

M«N.74.   J.  440. 

Major  309 
Wallers,  J.  T.  75. 

R.  H.  G69 
Walton,  M.  220 
Wanklyn,M.E.666 
Warburton,  M.  307. 

Mrs.  308 
WBrcup,T.C.E.520 
Ward,   C.  557.    J. 

330.     Lord   411. 

Mist  C.  F.   110. 

M.  E.  329.  S.  M. 

667.  T.  44 1,  664. 

W.  444 
Wardale,  Lt.  B.  D. 

438 
Warde,  Capt.  E.  C. 

306 
Warden,  D.  H.  635. 

Lt.  A.  S.  78.   M. 

B.  220 
Wardle,  H.  M.  334 
Waring,  C.  667 
Warne,  E.  559.    T. 

B.  444 
Warneford,  R.  44 1 
Warre,  P.  437 
Warren,     C.     330. 

Capt.  R.  L.  182. 

E.  H.  107.    F.C. 

222.     H.  L.  221. 

J.  331.  J,W.557. 

MissM.  111.    N. 

222.     P.  S.  309. 

R.  442.  T.  A.  437 
WartDaby,J.  110 


Warwick,  C'teM  of 

308.    H.  333 
Wa«ey,  J.  S.  186 
Wasbington,  M.  A. 

185 
Waterhouse,  J.  557 
Waterpark,Lord663 
Watkins,    C.    558. 

Capt.  T.  V.  633. 

J.  L.  V.  306.   M. 

A.  557 
WaUun,  E.  109.  i. 

111.    J.  E.  106. 

J.  T.  553.     L.  B. 

521.  M.  107.  Ma- 
jor!. 518.     R.L. 

77.    T.  H.  412. 

T.  W.  636 
Watts.Miss446.  W. 

106.     W.  H.  667 
Wawn,  C.  447 
Way,  C.  L.  52 1 
Waymoutb,  B.  413 
Weatberley,  E.  446 
Weaver,!.  667.   L. 

333 
Webb,  L.  522.     M. 

U.77.  R.330.   S. 

668.     V.  633 
Webbe,  H.  R.  635 
Webber,  F.  G.  439 
Webster,  J.  P.  333. 

Miss  a  M.  554 
Wedderburn,  P.  L. 

S.  76 
Wedgwood,  B.  557 
Wcekes,  P.  556 
Weir,E.667.  M.I  11 
Welcbman,  Mijor  J. 

74 
Weld,  M.  T.  186 
Wellesley,  Capt.  G. 

G.  78.     Mrs.  75 
Well6,Col.J.N.444. 

G.G.186.   H.443 
WeUford,    G.    331. 

W.  C.  634 
Welsh,  C.  556.    J. 

6.331 
Wescomb,  C.  S.  W. 

184 
West,C.443.  E.76. 

H.  445.     M.  666. 

W.  O.  219 
Westhrook,  1.  522 
Westley,  M.  555 
We8tmore,H.H.186 
Weston,  6.  K.  183. 

W.  219 
Weteiihall,L.M.220 
Wetten,  J.  L.  105 
Weyland,  J.  670 
Wbately,  G.  H.  78 
Wbeatley,  G.  669 
Wheble,  J.  J.  305 


Wheeler,  U.  T.  P. 

831 
Wbelan,  Mra.  SI9 
Wbeler^F.  183.  L. 

P.  414 
Whiehelo,  E.  L.  104 
Wbidbouriie,  Capt. 

447 
Wbieldon,  M.  671 
Whii^ham,  J.  441 
Wbltiiker,A.F.I86. 

F.  665 
Wbitcombe,  J.  78 
Wbiie,A.669.  CapC. 

J.  H.  334.  J.  185, 

333.     Lt.  P.  445. 

M.  55B.  Major  F. 

411.     M.  E.  448. 

T.   305.      T.   C. 

448.     W.  H.  418 
Wbitebeady   A.  M. 

309.    E.  183.   M. 

E.334 
Whitehoute,  S.  333 
Wbiteharst»  S.  76 
Whitfield,  M^or  H. 

W.  306.    T.  «81 
Whitle,  J.  W.  554 
WbiUoek,  G.  418 
Whitmell,  8.  665 
W^bitnore,  H.  444 
Wblttey,  U.J.  635 
WhittinchaiD,E.445 
Wbittinftoit,  R.  75 
Whittle,  £.  220 
Whitty,   Lt.-Col.  J. 

306 
Wbyte,Siirg.C.  188 
Wickey,  W.  H.  446 
Widdrington,  S.  E. 

305 
Wigan,  E.  668,  670 
Wight  wick,     Capt. 

N.  334.     J.  75 
Wigley,  J.  670 
WigstoD,MaJorF.74 
Wilcux,  G.  U.  819 
Wild,  H.J.  188.    8. 

B.  305 
Wildig,  G.  B.  S16 
Wilkie,Ma)orJ.306 
Wilkint,  E.  &  883. 

L.  M.  633 
WilkiiiMiii,  A.  557. 

Capt.  C.  £.  306. 

P.  447.  L.H.I04. 

Mist  106.     R.  H. 

78.    W.  183,437. 

W.T.  815 
Wincox,Capt.J.806 
Willet,G.  O.  519 
WilllaoM,  A.    554. 

Capt.  J.  281.    D. 

634.  E.  105, 444* 

553.    E.  A«  4I8L 


Index  to  Names, 


705 


E.  B.  A.  443.    E. 

V.;i07.   F.  H.3I0. 

G.  413.     H.  185. 

H.(;.307,520.   J. 

C. 1h6.  J.  p. 519. 

J.  R.  552, 663.   J. 

W.  413.     L.  554. 

L.A.522.  Mi8.ll(). 

M.F.  669.    T.J. 

552.     W.  M.  552 
Williams'Mi,  J.  442. 

iMajorU.633.    W. 

C.  75 
W.llington,  J.  414 
Wilhs,  C.  333.      E. 

555.     G.  S.   215. 

W.  M.  522 
Will, lion,    L.    559. 

M.  C.  670 
Wilio.k,  Sir  H.  519 
Willcughhy,    b.    E. 

66.9.     H.'  305.    J. 

P.  633.     O.  308 
Wills,  J.  552.    P.P. 

P.  414 
Willshire,La.K',4l3 
^Viilson,  A.  305 
Wj liner,   Major   W. 

W.imot,    A.    P.    E. 

633.   LadvE.520. 

Sir  J.  E.  306. 
Wiisou,  A.  217.    A. 

M.    75.     B.    440. 

C.  221.     D.  333, 

667.     D.  r.    183. 

E.  .S2I,   522.     E. 

H.  185.   G.(:.l04. 

J.  305, 412.    J.  A. 

78.     L.  666.     Lt.- 

Cul.  S.  518.     M. 


331,558,666.    R. 

306.     R.  O.  438. 

T.  P.  634 
Wihliew,  J.  T.  e^Q 
Wilton,  E.  186.    J. 

447.    M.J.(le22l 
WiiicheUea,    C^ess 

of  308 
Windham, J.D.665. 

M  P.  520 
WingfifldjHon.Mrs. 

E.  520 
Wmi^rovp,  R.  F.521 
VViiiii,  Hon.  R.  636. 

J.  559.  R.  636 
Winning,  U.  .309 
Winiiiti^ton,     dow. 

Lady  220 
Wi.Ker,  A.M.  414, 

440.  B.  445.    J. 
446 

Wiliteler,  E.  636 
Winterton,  M.  447 

VViseman,SirW.519 
Wiiliers,  (j.  106 
Withinp^ton.  E.  220 
W«'dfhousp,  Comni. 

G.4I2.    P.  E.306 
Wonin**r,  M.  554 
Woud,    A.  W.    105. 

C.218.    Ca|)t.W. 

M.   74.     Col.  T. 

3(6.    E.  G.77.   F. 

635.      F.  E.   413. 

G.  I).  77.     G.  W. 

441.  L.  P.  521. 
M.  221.  M.  H. 
334.  N.  522,  552. 
P.6i6.  SirW.P. 
63i.  T.  L.  109. 
W.J.  332 


Woodbridge,W.  331 
Woiidcock,  C.  414. 

W.  Ill 
Woodersoii,  A.  Ill, 

218 
W(>o<lgMte,Capt.W. 

H.  445.    P.  669 
Woodbam,  E.  441, 

554 
Woodbouse,MissM. 

668 
Woodroffe,  E.  308. 

Lt.-Cul.  G.  331 
Woodroofff,  J.   N. 

522.   T.  634 
Wiods,  M.442.   M. 

A.  334 
Woodward,A.C.669. 

M.  77.     S.  441 
Woollcomb»',L.414. 

W.  W.  634 
Wo<>lley,H.555.   J. 

183 
Wuolnough,  M.  414 
WoolwHrd,A.G.  183 
W..rk,  J.  74 
WormaM,  H.  558 
Wormi'ley,A.R.  185 
Worrall,  S.  iVI.  559 
Wortbiiigton,J.  556 
Wray,  A.  559 
Wrench,  K.  M.  635. 

J.  M.  223 
Wrey,  M.  A.  107 
WriRhi,  A.441.    B. 

75.  C.I  10.  E.110, 

218,333.   G. 519. 

H.  412,  520.    H. 

S.4I2.  H.W.636. 

J.  C.  522.      J.J. 


414.     J.  P.  412. 

W.  H.  106,  182 
Wrottes'ey,  Hon.G. 

635 
Wyntt,  A.  105.     F. 

J.  521.     T.  667 
W%  brow,  C.  334 
Wylde,  E.  I).  218 
Wylie,  W.  555 
Wyroan,  A.  670 
Wyndbam,  H.  306. 

Mrs.  E.  184 
Wyiin,  Hon.  H.  F. 

Jj  tdy  446 
Wvnne,     A.     559. 

Capt.  H.  G.  181 
W>nler,  A.  414.    P. 

620 
Wyibf,  T.  M.  444 
Yarborougb,  Earl  of 

411.     LC-Col.  C. 

C.  186 
Yardli-y,  C.  C.  668 
Vale,  M.  Q^Q 
Yates,  M.  333.    W. 

437.  662 
Yen,  C.  O.  307 
Yerbury,  Mr*.  634 
YiMisp,    F.   L.   521. 

W.  C.  444 
Yorke,  Cap«.  F.  A. 

519.     Hon.  Mrs. 

C.  P.670.    P.W. 

4U 
Younp,  A.  C.  668. 

A.M. 309.  B.  107. 

CD.  310.    CM. 

111.  M.  110.   Sir 

W.  N.  635.    W. 

633.    W.  L.  443 


LIST   OF  EMBELLISHMENTS  TO  THE  VOLUME. 


Tbose  marked  (*)  are  Vignettes. 


Richard  Baxter's  Pulpit  at  Kidderminster 

•Site  of  the  Early  Saxon  Cemetci*y  at  Osengall 

•Hythp,  from  the  Canal 

*Tlie  Galway  Brooch 

•Seal  of  Friar  John  Thynghul,  recently  discoyered  at  Youghal 

•Steeple  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Barton-upon-H umber 

•Window  in  Barton  Steeple 

•The  Court-House  at  Pucklechurch,  co.  Glouc. 

•Cross  of  Amney  Holy-Rood,  Gloucestershire 


33 
137 
139 
146 
277 
476 
477 
591 
613 


fHNT.  M  »(i.  Vol..  XLI, 


4  X 


COUNTY  HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUARIAN  WO] 

ON  SALE,  AT 

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