THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
LIBRARY.
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
LIBRARY:
BEING
A CLASSIFIED COLLECTION OF THE CHIEF CONTENTS OF
THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FROM 1731 TO 1868.
EDITED BY
GEORGE LAURENCE GOMME, F.S.A.
ENGLISH TOPOGRAPHY, PART V.
(HAMPSHIRE— HUNTINGDONSHIRE.)
EDITED BY F. A. MILNE, M.A.
LONDON:
ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.G. \
1894.
>A
&4
v \
P RE FA C E .
THE fact that these contributions to the old Gentleman's Magazine
on topographical subjects were written by people personally
acquainted with the places they were describing gives a charm and
value to them which otherwise they would not possess. Nowhere else
are to be found notes on parish history of so peculiar an interest as
these. They depict not only a state of things which, alas ! has to some
extent disappeared, but which to a still greater extent has not been
recorded elsewhere, and the future historian of these localities, as well
as the visitor who cares for the history of places he is staying at, will
do well to consult these collections.
The counties dealt with in this volume are Hampshire, Hereford-
shire, Hertfordshire, and Huntingdonshire — unequally, of course, as
in the preceding volumes, because no attempt was made to syste-
matically describe each county. Of these four, the most information
is given about Hants, then Hertfordshire ; Herefordshire, again, is
not so full ; while the Hunts portion is very limited.
The information most generally supplied relates to church history
and to family history. The church history is very full and particu-
larly instructive, because for the most part it deals with parish
churches. Their connection with the chief families, their quaint
relics of former periods, and their intimate connection with the people
are very evident. So, too, is the monstrous manner in which these
national structures have been handled. Mr. King's objections to the
treatment of Eling Church, Hampshire (p. 68), is a case in point, but
considering that in this volume the condition of St. Alban's Abbey
Church in 1803 (p. 262) is described, there is not much room for
other regrets. Bad as that noble church was then, it is far worse
vi Preface.
now. Neglect of a structure like this is to be deplored, of course ;
ignorant destruction of it, such as Lord Grimthorpe is now indulging
in, only adds the strongest of all arguments to the plea that these
national structures should be taken out of the hands of those who
cannot protect them, and placed in the hands of the Government,
who would not dare, if they wished, to be so gratuitously wanton in
effacing the beauties and the records of our ancestors. Mr. Mackenzie
Walcott's contributions on church history are always valuable, and
particularly so is his transcript of the " Survey of the scite of the
Abbey of St. Albans, 2 Edward VI." (pp. 266, 267). Among special
items of church history incidentally mentioned are bells, chancel
screens, corporation pew at Romsey (p. 107), and manor pew at
Therfield (p. 290), fonts, lanterns, mural paintings, pulpits, organs,
piscinae, rood-screens and lofts, oratories, and yew-trees.
On church folk-lore, we have the building tradition of Eling Church
(p. 68), the curious fish sculpture at Peterchurch, with the " perfectly
contemptible " village tradition concerning it (p. 200), and its probable
connection with the curious and archaic cult of the fish-virgin, the
procession of the image of St. Alban (p. 271), the mermaid carving
at Nateley Scures (p. 87), and the boundary procession at Basingstoke
(p. 40). The mound called " Bevis's Grave" at Farlington, near
Portsmouth, is an extremely interesting name recalling the local
legend of Bevis of Hampton.
Family history is represented on almost every page. Inscriptions
in the churches are oftentimes of the greatest value to genealogists,
and here they will find plenty of examples, a special index giving full
reference to the names occurring on brasses and monumental effigies.
An extremely interesting list of portraits at Hinchinbroke House is
given on pp. 317-321, and at Hampton Court, Herefordshire, on
1'P- 'yS'1??- These afford examples of what could be done by our
archreological societies if they would collect into one alphabet a
complete record of family portraits in each county. Many of the
country houses contain treasures of great value in the shape of
ancestral portraits, the existence of which are known to few, and
which, besides giving evidence of the progress of art in portrait-
painting, tell us a great deal about the dress of different periods of
history. A properly annotated catalogue, with artists' names where
possible, and. birth and death dates of the subject of each portrait,
would be an undertaking of value in many ways, and the county
families would probably assist in such work in other ways than by
Preface. vii
giving permission for such a catalogue to be compiled. KnebwortK,
the home of the Lyttons, is described on pp. 252-257, and Gorham-
bury, built by Sir Nicholas Bacon, and now the seat of the Earl of
Verulam, on pp. 275-284. In connection with this there is an interest-
ing list of the charges expended by the Chancellor upon the occasion
of Queen Elizabeth visiting Gorhambury in 1577, which charges
amounted to a sum total, " besides a Cupp presented to the Queenes
Majestic," of ^577 6s. -j\d. The question of prices is always an
interesting one for many students, and in this connection may be
mentioned the inventories and funeral expenses of Hampshire clergy
in the sixteenth century, given on pp. 17-20. Some few years ago I
had the pleasure of visiting Gorhambury by the invitation of Lord
Verulam, whose kindness and sympathy I have experienced on many
occasions, and I was then shown some library and family treasures
which enable me to appreciate well this description of the old house.
Several fairs are described, the most important being the St. Giles's
Hill Fair at Winchester (p. 144). The note upon the famous cricket
ground of Hambledon at Broadhalfpenny takes us back to the early
days of county cricket.
Each article is reprinted just as it stands in the original, and only
such passages are omitted as are not needed as a record of facts, or
as illustrative of the description given by each writer.
G. LAURENCE GOMME.
BARNES COMMON.
October, 1894.
CONTENTS.
HAMPSHIRE:
General
The Norman Architecture of Hampshire
Hampshire Clergy in the Sixteenth Century
Excursion in 1828
A Peep into Hampshire
Aldershot
Alresford
Andover
Basing
Basingstoke
Beaulieu
Bighton
Bishop's Sutton -
Bishop's Waltham
Bramshot
Christchurch
Kaston
East Meon
Eling -
Ellingham
Emsworth
Farlington
Faringdon
Freefolk
Havant
Herriard
3 13
13-17
17-20
20-26
26-29
29-30
30-34
34-35
35-36
37-42
42-46
46-47
47-48
48
48-51
51-62
62-63
63-67
67-73
73-75
75
75-78
78-80
80-82
83-84
36-37
Contents.
HAMPSHIRE continued —
PAGE
Hursley
84
Kingsclere
84
Laverstoke
80-82
Merestead
85
Nateley Scares -
- 85-89
Netley
- 89-93
New Forest
93.96
Ovington
34
Portsmouth
96-97
I'ortswood - '
- 97-98
Kingwood
98
Romsey
- 99-107
Southampton
108
Southwick
108
Stockbridge
- 108-109
Stoneham
- 109-110
Tichborne
- IIO-III
Tytherley
in
Upham
- III-II2
Upton Grey
- II2-II4
Warblington
- II4-II6
Wherwell
• II6-II7
Winchester
- II7-ISO
Wolmer
ISO
Vately
' ISO-IS3
ISI.E OK WK;HT
- 153-156
HEREFORDSHIRE :
General
159-163
Aconbury
- 163-164
Burford
164
Burghope
- 167 168
Dilwyn
- 164-165
Dore -
- 168-171
Downton
- 203-205
Eccleswall
172
Goodrich
- 172-173
Hampton Bishop
- «73-'77
Hereford
• 178-183
Contents.
XI
HEREFORDSHIRE continued —
PAGE
Kilpeck
- 184-186
Kingsland
- 186-191
Kington
191
Knill -
- 191-192
Leominster
- 192-195
Longtown
195
Longworth
- 195-196
Marden
196
Nonupton
197
Petcrchurch
- 197-200
Pulley
200
Stretford
- 165-167
Tedstone Delamere
- 2OI-2O2
Walford
- 2O2-203
Weobly
I65
Wigmore
- 203-205
Wilton
205
HERTFORDSHIRE :
General
- 2O9-2I6
Ayot St. Laurence
217
Barnet
- 217-218
Berkhampstead -
- 2I8-22O
Bishop's Stortford
- 22O-223
Brent Pelham
- 223-226
Broxbournc
- 226-229
Cheshunt
- 229-244
Clothall
244
Flamstead
- 244-249
Hatfield . -
249
Hemel Ilempstead
- 249-250
Hertingfordbury
250
Hinxworth
- 250-252
Hunsdon
252
Knebworth
' 252-257
Market Street •
- 257-260
Paul's Walden -
- 26O-26I
Ridge -
- 261-262
St. Alban's
- 262-284
Sawbridgeworth -
• 284287
xii Contents.
HERTFORDSHIRE continued — PAGE
Therfield • - 287-293
Thorley - 293-297
Thundridge - • • 297-298
Waltham Cross • - 298-301
Westmill 3°'
Wheathampstead • 301-302
HUNTINGDONSHIRE :
General - 305-308
Alwalton - 308-309
Buckden - 309-316
Hinchinlirokc - 316-321
Yaxley - 321-322
INDEX OF NAMES - - 325-342
INDEX OF SUBJECTS - 343-349
Hampshire.
VOL. XVII.
HAMPSHIRE.
[1817, Part I., pp. 505-512.]
ANCIENT STATE AND REMAINS.
British Inhabitants. — Segontiaci, who were afterwards dispossessed
by the Belgae.
Raman Proi'ince.— Britannia Prima. Stations. — Venta Belgarum,
Winchester ; Vindonum, Silchester ; Clausentum, Bittern ; Brigse,
Eroughton ; Andaoreon, Andover. The Isle of Wight was called
Vectis.
Saxon Heptarchy. — Westsex.
Antiquities. — Silchester Roman Remains ; Buckland Rings and
Danebury Camps ; Winchester Cathedral, College, Cross, Westgate,
Round Table, and Bishop's Castle of Wolversey ; Hospital of St.
Cross ; Hide, Netlev, Beaulieu, and Quarr in the Isle of Wight
Abbeys ; St. Dionysius' Priory ; Christ Church, Ramsey, and St.
Michael's, Southampton Churches ; Basingstoke Holy Ghost Cliapel ;
Winchester Cathedral, St. Michael's, Southampton, and East Meon
Fonts; Southampton Walls and Gates; Carisbrook in the Isle of
Wight, Christ Church, Hurst, Odiham, Porchester and Warblington
Castles.
Winchester was the Saxon Metropolis. The Cathedral was
founded by Cinegils, first Christian King of Westsex, and dedicated
by St. Birinus in 648. In it were interred the remains of its founder,
Cinegils, and Cynewulf, Kings of Westsex ; of Egbert, the first
King of England; Ethel wolf; Alfred the Great, whose body was
afterwards removed to Hide ; Edward the Elder ; Edred ; Edwy ;
Canute the Great; Hardicanute; Emma, "the Pearl of Normandy,"
wife of the two Kings Ethelred the Unready and Canute, and mother
of the two Kings Hardicanute and Edward the Confessor ; and
William Rufus. Among the more eminent of its Bishops who had
sepulture here were St. Swithin, the Patron Saint of the City ; Henry
Hampshire.
de Blois, the brother of Stephen ; Peter de Rupibns, guardian of
Henry III. ; William of VVykeham, the celebrated architect ; Cardinal
Beaufort, whose death is so impressively described by Shakespeare ;
William Waynfleet, and the persecuting Stephen Gardiner.
The Round Table, popularly attributed to Arthur, more probably
owed its origin to Stephen, to prevent disputes for precedency among
his attendants.
Hide was a Mitred Abbey, founded in mo by Henry I., and to it
were removed the bones of Alfred the Great, his Queen, Alswitha,
his sons, Ethel ward and Edward. It was also the repository of the
relics of St. Grimbald and St. Judocus.
At Whorwell, in a nunnery founded in expiation of her murder of
Edward the Martyr, Elfrida, the beautiful but infamous Queen of
Edgar, was interred.
At Beaulieu Ab> ey, Eleanor, Queen of Henry II., was buried.
In Rumsey Abbey (founded by Edward the Elder, whose daughter
Elfleda was the first Abbess) was educated Matilda, daughter of
Malcolm, King of Scots, and Queen of Henry I., under the govern-
ment of Christina, cousin to Edward the Confessor. Mary, daughter
of Stephen, was its Abbess, but she renounced the veil, and married
Matthew, younger son of Theodoric, Earl of Flanders.
PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE.
Rirers. — Alne, Anton, Avon, Auburn, Boldre-water, Exe, Hamble,
Itc-hen, Loddon, Stour, Test or Tees, Tillhill, Wey. — Isle of Wight :
Medina, Yar, Woolen, Shanklin.
Inland Navigation, — Basingstoke (which near Odiham passes
through a tunnel nearly three quarters of a mile long), Andover, South-
ampton and Salisbury canals. Southampton Water, Boldre Water,
Avon, Itchin and Stour rivers. — Isle of Wight : Medina and Yar
rivers ; Brading and Newtown harbours.
Lakes. — Alresford Pond, head of the Itchen ; Alverstoke and
Sowley Lakes.
Eminences and Views. — Portsdown Hill, on which a fair is held
on July 26 ; Wey Hill, on which is a large fair, beginning October 9;
Danebury Hill, the subject of a poem by Mrs. Buncombe; Sidon
Hill in Hit;h Close Park. Eaglehurst Cliff.— Isle of Wight: St.
Catherine's Hill, the highest in the island, 750 feet above high-water
mark. Culver Cliffs. Cari-brook Castle. Pyramid on Ashley
Down ; Bembridge Down.
Natural Curiosities. — Hurst Castle Causeway; Shingles, Portsea
and Hayling islands ; Hengistbury Head ; New, Alice Holt,
Woolmer and Bere forests. In Dibdin churchyard a yew-tree
30 feet in circumference ; Cadenham oak, remarkable for its early
vegetation.— Isle of Wight: Needles Rocks; Blackgang, Luccomb
and Shanklin chines : St. Catherine's cliffs ; Hermit's hole in Culver's
Present State and Appearance. 5
Cliff ; Freshwater Cave ; Dunnose Promontory ; Pitland and
Shanklin medicinal springs.
Public Edifices. — Portsmouth fortifications, the strongest in
England ; Dockyard, gun-wharf, victualling-office, anchor-wharf and
forge, rope-houses, Government-house ; Fort Monkton, Royal
Hospital at Haslar. — Isle of Wight : Newport House of Industry ;
Freshwater Lighthouse.
Seats. — Hurn Court, Earl of Malmesbury, lord-lieutenant of the
county : Appuldurcombe (Isle of Wight), Hon. C. A. Pelham ; Ash
Park, John Portal, Esq. ; Avington, Marquis of Buckingham ; Belle
Vue, Admiral Biigh ; Bevis Mount, Henry Elton, Esq. ; Blackbrook
Place, George Purvis, Esq. ; Bramshill Park, Sir Richard Cope,
Bart. ; Breamore, Sir Edward Hulse, Bart. ; Broadlands, Viscount
Palmerston ; Cadlands Park, A. Drummond, Esq. ; Cam's Hall,
John Delme, Esq. ; Cowrs East Castle (Isle of Wight), John Nash,
Esq. ; Cranbury Park, Lady Holland ; Cuffnells, Right Hon. George
Rose; Dogmersfield, Sir H. C. St. J. Mildmay ; Eaglehurst, Earl of
Cavan ; Elvetham, General Gwynne ; Farleigh Wallop, Earl of
Portsmouth ; Freshwater House (Isle of Wight), Ed. Rushworth,
Esq. ; Froyle Place, Sir Thomas Miller, Bart. ; Gatcomb, Sir Roger
Curtis, Bart. ; Gatcomb (Isle of Wight), Colonel Campbell ; Grange
Park, Henry Drummond, Esq. ; Hackwood House, Lord Bolton ;
Highclere House, Earl of Caernarvon ; Hinton House, Sir George
Ivison Tapps : Hursley Lodge, Sir W. Heathcote, Bart. ; Hurst-
bourne Park, Earl of Portsmouth ; Idsworth Park, Rev. Sir Samuel
Clerk Jervoise ; Kempshot Park, J. C. Crook, Esq.; Knighton
House (Isle of Wi^ht), M. Bisset, Esq. ; Mottisfont, Sir Charles Mill,
Bart ; Newtown Park, H. C. Plowden, Esq. ; Norris (Isle of Wight),
Lord Henry Seymour; Northcourt (Isle of Wight), R. H. A.
Bennett, Esq. ; Nunwell (Isle of Wight), Sir Williams Oglander ;
Paulton, Hans Sloane, Esq. ; Pidford House (Isle of Wight), Sir L.
T. Worsley Holmes ; Portswood House, Dowager Lady Kingston ;
Purbrook Park, Lord Keith ; Red Rice, Henry Errington, Esq. ;
Roch Court, Sir J. W. S. Gardiner, Bart. ; Rodenham, Sir J. W.
Pollen, Bart. ; Shawford, Sir H. C. St. J. Mildmay, Bart. ; Sidmon-
ton, Sir Robert Kingsmill, Bart. ; Sombourne House, William Pow-
lett Powlett, Esq.; Strathfieldsaye, Lord Rivers; Steephill (Isle of
Wight), Earl of Dysart ; Stoneham Park, Mrs. Fleming ; Stratton
Park, Sir Thomas Baring, Bart. ; Swainsion (Isle of Wight), Sir
John Barrington, Bart. ; Titchborne, Sir H. Tichborne, Bart. ;
The Vine, William Chute, Esq. ; Walhampton, Sir Harry Neale,
Bart.
HISTORY.
A.D. 43, Isle of Wight, Vectis, conquered by Vespasian.
A.D. 501, at Portsmouth, landed Porta with his sons Bieda and
Mi-gla, by whose aid Cerdic established the kingdom of Westscx.
Hampshire.
A.D. 530, Isle of Wight subdued by Cenlic, first King of Wcstsex.
A.D. 635, at Winchester, Cinegils, King of Westsex, and Quicelm
his brother, converted to Christianity, and baptized by St. Birmus.
A.D. 827, at Winchester, Egbert crowned first King of England.
A.D. 854, at Winchester, Ethel wulf granted his charter for the
general establishment of tithes.
A.D. 871, at Basing, Ethelred and Alfred defeated by the Danes.
A.D. 934, at Winchester, Colbrand, a gigantic Dane, killed in
single combat by Guy, Earl of Warwick.
A.D. 961, at Winchester, Edgar imposed on the Welsh a tribute
of 300 wolves' heads to be delivered to him annually at his castle of
Wolversey (whence its name), and commuted offences by the delivery
of a certain number of wolves' tongues in proportion to the offence ;
by which laws these destructive animals were extirpated.
A.D. 994, at Andover, Oiaus, King of Norway, baptized, Ethelred
the Unready standing sponsor.
A.D. 1002, at Winchester, November 13, began the general
massacre of the Danes by order of Ethelred the Unready.
A.D. 1034, at Southampton, Canute rebuked the impious flattery
of his courtiers by sitting, crowned, on the beach, and commanding
the tide not to approach his footstool.
A.D. 1042, at Winchester, on Easter Day, Edward the Confessor
crowned with great pomp.
A.D. 1052, at Winchester, died Emma, the mother of Edward the
Confessor, who, according to Brompton and Knighton, being accustd
of incontinence with Alwyn, Bishop of Winchester, underwent, with-
out injury, the ordeal of walking blindfold and barefoot over nine
red-hot ploughshares placed at unequal distances in the Cathedral.
A.D. 1053, at Winchester, the powerful Earl Goodwin died
suddenly whilst at table with Edward the Confessor.
A.D. 1075, at Winchester, Waltheof, the great Earl of Northum-
berland, beheaded for having, in an hour of intemperance, joined in
a conspiracy against William the Conqueror, the plot of which he
first disclosed to the tyrant, and submitted to his clemency.
A.D. 1079, New Forest made by William the Conqueror, an extent
of 40 miles in circumference laid waste, 36 churches and villages
destroyed to form a royal chase.
A.D. 1081, in New Forest, Richard, second son of the Conqueror,
killed by a stag.
A.D. 1 100, in New Forest, August 2, William Rufus, whilst
hunting, accidentally slain by an arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrrel,
one of his attendants, which, glancing from a tree, penetrated his
heart.
A.D. 1 100, at Winchester, August 3, Henry I. with his sword
compelled William de Bretevil to deliver up to him the treasury,
crovrn and sceptre.
History, 7
A.D. i ioo, at Winchester, November n, Henry I. married to
Matilda, daughter of Malcolm, King of Scots.
A.D. noi, at Portsmouth, August, Robert, Duke of Normandy,
eldest son of the Conqueror, landed with his army to dispossess his
brother, Henry I., of the crown, but by the intervention of the
barons he accepted an annual payment and relinquished his design.
A.D. 1140, at Portsmouth, landed the Empress Maud and her
brother Robert, Earl of Gloucester, with only 140 attendants, to force
the crown from the usurper Stephen.
A.D. 1141, from Winchester, besieged by its Bishop, Henry of
Blois, brother of Stephen, the Empress Maud escaped ; but her
General, Robert, Earl of Gloucester, was pursued, and taken at
Stockbridge, and afterwards exchanged for Stephen, then in prison
at Bristol.
A.D. 1153, at Winchester, the Treaty of Wallingford, in Berk-
shire, between Stephen and Henry, formally ratified.
A.D. 1189, at Winchester, Richard I. on ascending the throne
nd in the treasury ^900,000.
A.D. 1194, at Winchester, Richard I. after his long confinement
had a second coronation, when William King of Scots carried the
sword of state.
A.D. 1213, in Winchester Cathedral, John absolved from the
sentence of excommunication by Cardinal Langton.
A.D. 1215, to the Isle of Wight John retired whilst negotiating
with the Pope for absolution from his oath to observe Magna Charta,
and whilst raising troops on the Continent to revenge himself on the
Barons who extorted it.
A.D. 1216, Odiham Castle, defended by only three officers and
ten soldiers for fifteen days against Lewis the Dauphin and his army,
at last surrendered OP condition of having their freedom, horses and
arms.
A.D. 1266, near Alton, the famous free-booter, Sir Adam Gordon,
conquered in single combat by Prince Edward, afterwards Edward I.,
who gave him his life, and thus converted a daring enemy to a stead-
fast friend.
A.D. 1285, at Winchester, October, the laws known by the name
of "the Statutes of Winchester" enacted by the Parliament of
Edward I.
A.D. 1329, at Winchester, March 14, Edmund of Woodstock,
Earl of Kent, uncle of Edward III., bt-hended through the intrigues
of Queen Isabella, " she-wolf of France," and her paramour, Morti-
mer, Earl of Man h.
A.D. 1338, Southampton, October 4, plundered and burnt by the
French, Spaniards and Genoese, but the son of the King of Sicily
and 300 of the invaders were slain.
A.D. 1346, from Southampton, July, sailed Edward III., his son
8 Hampshire.
Edward the Black Prince, and the army that gained the victory of
Cressy.
A.D. 1357, from Odiham Castle, David Bruce, King of Scots,
taken prisoner at the battle of Neville's Cross, in Durham ; after a
confinement of eleven years was liberated on payment of 100,000
ir.arks and giving hostages for his future conduct.
A.D. 1377, in the Isle of Wight, Rye, Newtown and Yarmouth
burnt by the French, who were repulsed by Sir Hugh Tyrrel in an
attempt to obtain Carisbrook Castle.
A.D. 1401, at Winchester, Henry IV. married by Bishop Wykeham
to Joanne, Dowager Duchess of Bretagne.
A.D. 1415, at Southampton, conspiracy against the life of Henry V.
detected, and, July 20, the traitors, the Earl of Cambridge, Lord
Scroop of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Northumberland,
executed, immediately before the sailing of the army that fought at
Agincourt.
A.D. 1445, at Portsmouth (April) landed Margaret of Anjou with
the Marquis (afterwards Duke) of Suffolk, and proceeded to South-
wick, where she was married to Henry VI.
A.D. 1445, the Isle of Wight created a kingdom by Henry VI.
who himself placed the crown on the head of its only Sovereign,
Henry Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick.
A.D. 1471, at Beaulieu, Margaret of Anjou and her son Prince
Edward, on hearing of the defeat and death of the Earl of Warwick,
took sanctuary till joined by the Duke of Somerset and other partizans,
who pursuaded her to struggle once more for the throne.
A.D. 1498, at Beaulieu, Perkin Warbeck, after his repulse before
Exeter, took sanctuary, whence he surrendered himself to Henry VII.
on promise of his life.
A.D. 1523, at Southampton, July 6, the Emperor, Charles V., who
had previously been entertained at Winchester by Henry VIII.,
embarked on board the English fleet, which conveyed him to
Spain.
A.D. 1554, at Southampton, July 21, Philip, Prince of Spain, after-
wards Philip II., landed; and at Winchester, July 25, was married
to Mary I. of England.
A.D. 1603, at Winchester, on the death of Elizabeth, James VI.
of Scotland proclaimed King of England by Sir Benjamin Tich-
borne, Sheriff of the county, on his own responsibility, without
orders from the Privy Council ; for his promptitude he was rewarded
with the Castle at Winchester and an annuity of £100.
A.D. 1603, at Winchester, Lord Grey de Wilton, Lord Cobham,
and Sir Walter Raleigh were tried and condemned for a pretended
conspiracy against James I., the latter on the written evidence of a
single witness, without even being confronted with his accuser.
A.D. 1620, ;it Portsmouth, September, George Villiers, Duke of
History. 9
Buckingham, whilst preparing to embark as Commander of an
expedition to relieve the Protestants in Rochelle, stabbed by Felton.
A.D. 1643, at Alton, December, the Royalist Colonel Bowles
killed, and his regiment taken prisoners, by Sir William Walltr.
A.D. 1645, Basing House heroically defended by John Paulet, fifth
Marquis of Winchester, from August, 1643 ; at length stormed by
Cromwell in October, 1645.
A.D. 1647, at Titchfield House, Charles I., after his escape from
Hampton Court, concealed, until he surrendered himself to Colonel
Hammond, Captain of the Isle of Wight, under whose custody he was
confined in Carisbrook Castle for thirteen months, when he was seized
by the army. November 29, 1648, conveyed to Hurst Castle, and
thence taken to London to execuiion.
A. D. 1662, at Portsmouth, May 14, landed Catharine, Infanta of
Portugal, and next day married to Charles II.
A.D. 1685, at Winchester, September, Mrs. Alicia Lisle, nearly
eighty years of age, beheaded by order of the infamous Jefferies for
harbouring two unfortunate fugitives from the battle of Sedgemoor.
A.D. 1814, Portsmouth, June, visited by the Prince Regent,
Alexander I. Emperor of Russia, Frederick William III. King of
Prussia, Duke of Wellington and Marshal Blucher.
AD. 1815, off Portsmouth, August, Napoleon Buonaparte, a
prisoner on board his Majesty's ship the Bellerophon, Captain Mait-
land, and thence conveyed by the Northumberland, Admiral Sir G.
Cockburn, to St. Helena.
BIOGRAPHY.
Alton, William of, author on "Original Sin " (flourished 1300).
Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII., Winchester, 1486.
Basingstoke, John of, Greek scholar (died 1252).
Beavois, St., Earl of Southampton, warrior (rlor. temp. William I.).
Bilson, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester, Winchester, 1548.
Cotton, Henry, Bishop of Salisbury, Warblington (died 1615).
Coward, William, medical and metaphysical writer, Winchester,
1656.
Curtis, William, botanist, author of "Flora Londinensis," Alton,
1746.
Dibden, Charles, song writer. Southampton, about 1758.
Ethelwald, St., Bishop of Winchester, Winchester (died 984).
Fuller, Nicholas, divine, author of " Miscellanea Theologica,"
Southampton, 1557.
Graves, John, mathematician and antiquary, Colmere, 1602.
Guidott, Thomas, physician, Lymington, 1638.
Hamilton, Emma, Lady, companion of Nelson, Bere Forest (died
1816).
Hamvay, Jonas, philanthropist, Portsmouth, 1712.
io Hampshire.
Henry III., Winchester, 1207.
Hide, John of, author of "Homilies " (flor. 1284).
Highmore, Nathaniel, anatomist, Fordingbridge, 1613.
Hobson, Admiral, Bonchurch (Isle of Wight).
Hooke, Robert, mathematician and philosopher, Freshwater (Isle
of Wight), 1635.
Hunton, Pnilip, divine and political writer, Andover (died 1682).
Jacob, Giles, author of Law Dictionary, Romsey. 1690.
James, Richard, divine, critic, and antiquary, Newport (Isle of
Wight), (died 1638).
James, Thomas, divine and critic, Newport (Isle of Wight), 1571.
Lakes, Arthur, Bishop of Bath and Wells, Southampton, 1543.
Lakes, Sir Thomas, Secretary of State to James I., Southampton.
Lancaster, Sir James, gave name to sound in Baffin's Bay, Basing-
stoke (died 1617).
Lily, William, grammarian, Odiham, 1466.
Lowth, Robert, Bishop of London, Winchester, 1710.
Pace, Richard, Dean of St. Paul's, Statesman, Winchester, 1482.
Petty, Sir William, physician and mechanist, Romsey, 1623.
Philpot, John, divine and martyr (burnt in Smithfield, 1555).
Pink, Robert, philosopher and divine, Kempshot (died 1647).
Pits, John, Dean of Verdun, biographer, Alton, 1560.
Pococke, Richard, Bishop of Meath, traveller, Southampton, 1704.
Potenger, John, poet and translator, Winchester, 1647.
Purver, Anthony, Quaker, translator of the Bible, Up Hursborn,
1702.
Rich, Sir Richard, Baron Lees, Chancellor to Edward VI. (died
about 1559).
Russel, Francis, antiquary, Basing<toke, 1740.
Russe', John, BUhop of Lincoln, Chancellor to Richard III., St.
Peter's (died 1490).
Sherborn, Robert, Bishop of Chichester, improver of his cathedral
(die.l 1536).
Steele, Anne, author of poems under the name of Theodosia,
Broughton.
Sternhold, Thomas, versifier of the Psalms (died 1549).
Swithin, Saint, Bishop of Winchester, Winchester (died 862).
Tomson, Robert, author of " Description of New Spain," Andover,
sixteenth century.
Uddl, Nicholas, dramatic writer, servant to Catharine Parr, 1506.
Urn, John, editor of Chaucer, Gatcornb (Isle of Wight), 1663.
Wallop, Sir J"hn, naval commander, sixteenth century.
Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Chancellor,
Malsanger, 1456.
Warton, Joseph, poet and critic, Basingstoke, 1722.
Warton, Thomas, Poet-Laureate, Basingstoke, 1728.
Biography, \ i
Watts, Isaac, divine and poet, Southampton, 1674.
White, John, Bishop of Winchester, controversialist and poet (died
1560).
White, Richard, historian, Regius professor at Douay, Basingstoke,
sixteenth century.
Winchelsea, Anne, Countess of, poet, Sidmonton (died 1720).
Winchester, Laniprid of, " Doctor Eximius " (flor. 980).
Winchester, Wolstan of, scholar (flor. noo).
Withers, George, pastoral poet, Bentworth, 1588.
Wykeham, William of, Bishop ot Winchester, architect, 1324.
Young, Edward, poet and divine, Upham, 1681.
MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS.
In Alverstoke Church is a cenotaph in memory of Admiral Kem-
penfeldt, who in August, 1782, with four hundred men and two
hundred women, was lost on board the Royal George at Spithead.
Basingstoke was the vicarage of Sir George Wheler, the Oriental
traveller, and of the father of the two celebrated Wartons.
Bevis Mount was the property and frequent residence of Charles
Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, the rival of Marlborough, and the
friend of Pope, Arbuthnot, and Swift ; the latter of whom has cele-
brated him in his " Mordanto fills the trump of Fame."
Bishop's Waltham and its neighbourhood, in the early part of
last century, was infested by a daring gang of depredators, who, from
their custom of blacking their faces to prevent discovery, were termed
"Waltham Blacks," and to restrain whom the famous Black Act was
passed, 9 George II., 1723. At his palace here died the architect
William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester.
Boldre was the rectory and residence of the tourist William Gilpin,
who founded two schools there, and endowed them by the sale of
his drawings and sketches.
Canham, or Cannon's Lodge, was the occasional residence of
H.R.H. the late Duke of Cumberland; on a visit to whom at this
place the comedian Foote broke his leg.
At Crux Easton was a grotto, the shell of which only remains,
constructed by nine sisters of the name of Lisle, celebrated by the
muse of Pope.
In Ellingham Churchyard lie the remains of the venerable victim
of the inhuman Jefferies, Mrs. Alicia Lisle.
Exbury House is the seat of Colonel Mitford, the historian of
Greece.
At Freefolk are the mills where the paper for Bank-notes has been
manufactured ever since the reign of George I.
At Hursley Park Richard Cromwell resided during the Protectorate
of his father; and in Hursley Church he was buried with his wife
and several of his children.
1 2 Hampshire.
In Langley Wood, New Forest, in 1758, was felled an oak which
had three hundred rings of annual growth, and whose trunk was
36 feet in circumference.
Mapledurham was the seat and principal residence of the historian
Gibbon.
Netley Abbey is celebrated in the verses of Keate, Southeby, and
Bowles.
In Newport Church, Isle of Wight, was interred Elizabeth, daughter
of Charles I., who died a prisoner in Carisbrook Castle, September 8,
1650, aged fifteen years, whom the levelling rulers of that time
intended to apprentice to a button-maker.
In North Stoneham Church are monuments of Chief Justice Sir
Thomas Flemyng, and of the victor of Conflans, Admiral Lord
Hawke.
At Porchester and Southwitk the publicans are exempted by a
charter of Elizabeth from having any soldiers billeted or quartered
upon them.
At Portsmouth, in the Church of St. Thomas, is a cenotaph in
memory of Villiers Duke of Buckingham, stabbed by Felton. The
fire in the Dockyard in 1776 was caused by John Aitken, commonly
called "Jack the Painter," who was executed for the crime. In
1793 L 'Iinpctueux, of 74 guns, taken by Lord Howe on June i, and
in 1705 the Hoytie, of 98 guns, were destroyed in the harbour by fire.
In Romsey Church lies Sir William Petty, the founder of the
Lansd'-wn family. There is a handsome monument and quaint
epitaph in memory of John St. Barbe and his wife, who both died
in 1659.
Sandown Cottage, Isle of Wight, was the retreat of John Wilkes,
of political notoriety.
Selborne has had its natural history and antiquities most elegantly
and instructively described by its late vicar, the Rev. Gilbert White.
At Southampton, in St Michael's Church, is the monument of
Lord Chancellor Wriothesley. In All Saints' Church lie the remains
of the circumnavigator Captain Carteret, and of Brian Edwards the
historian of the West Indies, who lived at Springfield near this town.
In Holyrood Church is a monument by Ryshrach, in memory of
Miss Eliz. Stanley, with an inscription by Thomson, who has also
celebrated her in " The Seasons."
At Twyford was a Catholic seminary, where Pope was partly
educated. In the church is an excellent bust, by Nollekens, of Dr.
Jonathan Shipley, Bishop of St. Asaph.
At Watcombe, near Brockenhurst, for three years resided the
philanthropist Howard.
Wickham Parsonage House was the retreat of Dr. Warton, Master
of Winchester College and editor of Pope.
By an ordinance of F>dgar's, to prevent fraud, one measure was
The Norman Architecture of Hampshire. 13
established for the whole kingdom, and the standard vessel being
kept at Winchester was the origin of the term "Winchester measure."
St. Swithin, at his own private solicitation, was buried in the church-
yard instead of the chancel of his cathedral, and when an order was
obtained to remove his relics into the choir, a most violent shower of
rain fell on the destined day, and continued for the thirty-nine suc-
cessive days without intermission, in consequence of which the idea
of- removal was abandoned as displeasing to St. Swithin, though the
saint afterwards relented and suffered his bones to be taken from the
cemetery and lodged among the remains of the other bishops, in the
year 1093. The vulgar adage that we shall have forty days' con-
tinuance of wet weather, whenever rain falls on St. Swithin's festival
(July 15), doubtless arose from this presumed supernatural circum-
stance. BYRO.
The Norman Architecture of Hampshire.*
[1862, Part I., pp. 162-167.]
At a former meeting of this association I offered a few remarks
upon the peculiarities in the arrangement of the nave and aisles of the
Priory Church of Chnstchurch,f and drew attention to the remark-
able similarity of Dean Flambard's building at Christchurch and his
later work at Durham Cathedral, where he also erected the nave and
some other parts. The repetition here of the same mouldings, and
in many respects the precise composition, would leave no doubt (were
even history silent upon the point), that the works were the produc-
tion of the same architect ; no one examining and comparing the
two buildings could hesitate in pronouncing that they were designed
by the same man.
Pursuing, then, an examination of the other Norman remains in
this county, at Winchester Cathedral and Romsey Abbey Church, we
shall find that though they afford very fine examples of Norman
work, the character of the architecture is of a totally different type to
that employed by Flambard as Dean of Christ Church and after-
wards Bishop of Durham.
In Flambard's designs there is a completeness and unity in com-
position. The arcades are perfect in themselves, and the vaulting-
shafts so disposed as to connect triforium and clerestory in one
harmonious composition and arrangement : also observable in the
fine Norman naves of Norwich Cathedral, Peterborough Cathedral,
Malmesbury Abbey Church, and also in the fine continental churches
of the Abbaye aux Hommes and Abbaye aux Dames at Caen, and
the Cathedral at Bayeux.
* A paper by Mr. B. Ferrey, read at the meeting of the Christchurch
Archaeological and Natural History Society, Dec. 31, 1862. See Gentleman's
Magazine, Feb., 1863, p. 200.
+ Gtn/leman's Afngazin', Dec., 1861, p. 607.
14 Hampshire.
At Romsey the ireatment is wholly dissimilar. Here in the nave
we find tall cylindrical columns of great height extending through th>;
space usually assigned to the triforium, and surmounted only by a
clerestory arcade. The like arrangement is observable at Christ
Church Cathedral, Oxford ; Gloucester Cathedral, and Tewkesbury
Abbey Church. At Romsey, and at Christ Church, Oxford, the dis-
position of the triforium is as though it was an afterthought and an
interpolation — the arches of the secondary arcade, springing on one
side from corbels and on the other from vertical columns, have an
awkward effect, and can scarcely be defended upon any true
principles of design. This odd arrangement is particularly observable
at Christ Church, Oxford ; and Britton, the antiquary, remarks :
" We may rationally suppose both edifices to have been in progress
at the same period, and this supposition is corroborated by the fact
of several of the capitals in each church being sculptured with a
similar kind of wreathed and other foliage. There is much reason to
believe that Christ Church Cathedral was commenced by Prior Guy-
mond in Henry the First's reign, and the general style of the eastern
division of Romsey Church (including the transept) will fully warrant
our assigning it to the early part of the same reign, although it was
probably designed, if not commenced, in that of Rufus. Now
assuming that the architect of Romsey Church had begun the
erection of the nave at the time that Christ Church was in progress,
may we not infer, without the infringement of the laws of probability,
that from a wish to assimilate a part of his own edifice to the design
of the latter building, he raised the cylindrical columns in question,
but, being dissatisfied with the effect, or from some other cause, he
immediately reverted to his original plan, and pursued it till the com-
pletion of the fabric?"
Whether this really was the case or not, as suggested by Btitton,
we must, in estimating the artistic merits of the architecture, think
that the architect of Romsey did quite right in giving preference at
last to the distinctive arrangement of arcade and triforium as
exhibited in the eastern portion of the building ; but we should also
bear in mind that the beauty of this last arrangement must be
coupled with the purposes of the triforum. This church, forming
part of a convent of Benedictine nuns, whose abbesses were either
of royal birth or elevated rank, and its endowments extensive, would
doubtless attract large numbers of religious persons from other con-
ventual houses on great festivals. These would find ample space in
the well constructed triforium for joining in the solemnities of the
Church. Similar capacious triforia are to be found in other churches,
constructed, no doubt, for like purposes.
Notwithstanding the great difference in elevation between the
Norman work at the Priory Church, Christ Church, and at Romsey,
as previously described, yet in many respects the plans of the
The Norman Architecture of Hampshire. 15
churches are remarkably alike. Each nave consists of seven bays
with narrow processional aisles ; transepts with semicircular apsidal
chapels opening out of them towards the east ; massive piers and arches
at the junction of the nave and transept ; and though at Christ Church
no lantern exists, there can be no doubt that originally it possessed
tliis feature.* The lantern of Romsey is particularly fine, with its
double arcaded front and spacious wall passages. t This part of the
abbey church was till lately shut out from view by a plaster ceiling
immediately above the tower arches ; it has, however, recently been
raised above the arcade, displaying much architectural beauty ; but
the full development is prevented owing to the belfry, which occupies
the upper stage of the tower.
Comparing this lantern with the one at the cathedral church at
Winchester close by, there will be found many striking points of
difference. The latter has lofty and attenuated columns carrying
semicircular arches, and was evidently built during the latest period
of Norman architecture. This noble feature is also hid from view,
not by a flat ceiling, but by an elaborately framed wooden fan-
vaulting, erected immediately over the four great arches during the
reign of Charles I. Unobjectionable as this imitation vaulting is in
itself, we must regret that it destroys the original character of the
lantern ; the internal effect of the choir would be much enhanced if
this noble feature were again opened out to view.
Britton, when writing about this tower, says :
" At present a floor shuts out the first story of the lantern from the
choir ; but as the object of these illustrations and this history is to re-
present more the permanent than the changeable features of the
church, and as the said floor is only a temporary and extraneous, but
even trumpery erection, and may be removed at any time, it was
deemed advisable to omit it from view."
This is hardly a correct statement ; the wooden imitation fan-
vaulting, although less effective than the open lantern would be,
ought not to be characterized as a "trumpery erection," unless we
are prepared to condemn some of the most ingenious and beautiful
wooden groinings at York Minster, Lincoln Cathedral, and else-
where. Winchester Cathedral, Romsey Abbey Church, and Christ
* The ancient seal of the monastery, though it cannot be taken as showing the
church in its entirety, yet no doubt represented the building with all its main
features ; in it the central tower, or lantern, is distinctly represented.
t Mr. Petit, in writing upon this lantern, remarks upon a peculiarity which
shows how carefully the medieval architect studied position and point of view :
" The capitals of the lower arcade support an arch of two orders, which are not
concentric, the upper one being stilted, and the lower one somewhat depressed,
a combination far from pleasing when placed on the level of the eye ; but to the
spectator below the fore-shortening of the vertical line between the highest points
of the arches would reduce the composition to harmony. Of the arches in the
upper tier it may be remarked that they are as purely Roman in their design as
any specimen of antiquity. "
1 6 Hampshire.
Church are the only buildings on a large scale in the diocese of
Winchester possessing central lanterns ; in the adjoining county of
Sussex there is a remarkably pleasing example in the little church of
Old Shoreham. Another magnificent lantern-tower of Norman
character is also to be seen at Norwich Cathedral, for although a
lofty spire has been raised above it, the lower portion, with its
arcaded gallery surmounted by a second wall-arcade, and again
crowned by deeply splayed lantern lights with coupled columns,
forms a composition of great beauty.
Of the other Norman portions of Winchester Cathedral there are
none which form a fair parallel with either Christ Church or Romsey.
The transepts are of extremely severe and simple Romanesque
character, it is even doubtful whether they do not belong to the
Anglo-Saxon period ; but the one remarkable thing above all others
connected with the cathedral is the wonderful manner in which the
great architect, William of Wykeham, metamorphosed the Norman
work of the nave and remodelled it in the prevailing style of his time
without pulling down and rebuilding. There is no edifice in
Kngland which exhibits such a vast work of transformation. At
Christ Church and Romsey there are portions which have been
slightly remodelled from Norman to Early English work, and distinct
parts erected during the Transitional period ; and in the lower part
of the north nave aisle at Christ Church traces of a complete inter-
secting Norman arcade covered by the ashlaring of the Early English
period have been discovered ; indeed, the whole of this aisle may be
said to have undergone the process so marvellously carried out at
Winchester ; but, generally speaking, the additions in each style are
distinctly erected, and not mere casings upon more ancient work.
In the very masterly exposition of the architecture of Winchester
Cathedral by Professor Willis, published in the Proceedings of the
Archaeological Institute in 1845, {he professor dwells minutely upon
the constructive means by which William of Wykeham worked out
his purpose : those who accompanied the lecturer in the cathedral,
and witnessed the clearness with which he established every point as
he advanced, will ever remember the indisputable manner in which
he proved his results. The archaeologists of Hampshire should
attentively study the " Architectural History of Winchester Cathedral"
written by Willis ; admirable as are all his accounts of the other
cathedrals, his description of Winchester is unsurpassed.
Referring to the Norman nave by Bishop Walkelin, he says : —
" We have now arrived at the nave of the church, which exhibits
one of the most curious instances of transformation from one style of
architecture to another that has been preserved to us. For although
at present a complete and perfect specimen of the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries, it is yet in the heart and core of its structure from
the ground to the roof the original Norman building commenced, if
Tke Norman Architecture of Hampshire. 1 7
not completed, by Bishop Walkelin. Though these facts have been
dwelt upon by Milner and subsequent writers, there are many par-
ticulars that appear to me to have escaped observation, and the whole
process is so curious an example of the modes of proceeding in the
Middle Ages, that it deserves a very minute examination."
Willis therefore devotes an entire chapter to describing his re-
searches, the perusal of which will be found most interesting, and
will amply repay the reader
Reverting once more to Romsey Abbey Church, it may be remarked
that it contains some fine examples of Transitional work ; in the nave
we see a Norman arcade surmounted by an Early English cleres-
tory; in the south transept we have an Early English wall-arcade
running under the Norman windows ; and towards the west end of
the nave the Early English work completely prevails. The gradual
steps by which the severe Norman forms were moulded into Early
English are very remarkable, and although it would be quite possible
to select specimens of later Decorated architecture, and show by an
examination and comparison of mouldings a Transitional period as
distinct as that assigned to the twelfth and thirteenth-century work ;
yet it must be admitted that Rickman the architect, who first adopted
the term Transitional as applied to the progression from Norman to
Early English architecture, was singularly happy in the word he
employed. The manner in which Early English forms melted into
Decorated, and Decorated into Perpendicular, can be less easily dis-
covered, though as certainly forming a Transitional style. There are
churches in Suffolk with four-centred arches and other characteristics
of the Perpendicular period, yet retaining in the sections of their
mouldings and in the arrangement of the secondary orders of traceried
windows complete Decorated forms. These peculiarities, however,
would scarcely be noticed by a casual observer, but they are still
deserving of attention.
Hampshire Clergy in the Sixteenth Century.
[1864,^.635,636.]
Very little has hitherto appeared in print which gives us any
idea of the manner in which our parochial clergy were wont to live in
past times. At the period of the Reformation their dwellings were
not only simple, but very scantily furnished, whilst their goods and
chattels were rarely more than sufficient to cover their funeral
expenses and dilapidations.
In the north part of Hampshire there is a small parish called
Faccombe. It is a very good incumbency, being valued in the
King's Books (A.D. 1535) at £26 135. 4d., and at the present time
its income is close upon ^800 per annum. In 1510 Sir William
Sandys, Knight, and the Lady Margery his wife, presented Sir Bernard
VOL. XVII. 2
1 8 Hampshire.
Pope, B.A., to this living, and he was instituted to it by Dr. Richard
Fox, Bishop of Winchester, on December 19, 1510. This Bernard
Pope was rector for a period of nearly thirty years, and died intestate
in the latter part of the month of September. 1539. On October 5,
1539, Bishop Gardiner granted letters of administration to John
Cooke, of Houghton, Hants. His goods had bt-en previously
appraised on September 28, and their total value with money
amounted to no more than ,£14 i8s. nd. I will pass over these
items, and content myself with the
" Funeral! expenses and other paymentes made ly George Arkyn for the
sayd Bernard Pope, lute Parson of Faccombe aforesaiii, alowyd
and deducted.
Imprimis for his wyndyng shete, ij8 viij'1.
Item mete and drynke at his burynge, vij" viijd.
Item for Waxe, ij3.
Item for men and there horses to Andever,* viijd.
Item to a man to go for prestes, ij'1.
Item to prestes for masses, vj" viij'1.
Item for masse pence, xvj'1.
Item for makyng of the grave, iiij'1.
Item to the clerke, iiij11.
Item to poore peple, iij".
Item for servaunts at the sayd besynes [business], xxijd.
Item for proxis [proxies], iij" iiij'1.
Item for his house Rent for ij yere and halfe, xiij" iiijd by the yere,
xxxiij" iiij'1.
Item for the grave in the chancell, vj' viij'1.
Item for the dyrigest and for the clerke, v".
Item for a Trentall . . .
Item for a woman to kepe hym iij quarters of a yere, x".
Summa, iij" xvs.
And so there remains clerely delapidationes not deducted,
x" iij" xid."
The following is a list of the effects of another Hampshire incum-
bent. This individual was a nephew of Lady Joanna, Viscountess
Lysle, and had been a student in the celebrated university of Bologna.
He had been instituted to several good livings, and held for many
years high official appointments in the diocese of Winchester. The
house wherein he lived and died is still in existence, a thatched
cottage, now the residence of a poor labouring man, the parish clerk.
* Faccombe is eight and a half miles from Andover.
•f The reivires for the dead.
}Iampshire Clergy in the Sixteenth Century. 19
"Inventory taken 16'* day oj March, 1549-50.
Imprimis all manner of lynen, xxiijs.
Item v gownes, iij" xiij' iiijd.
Item all maner of bedding, iij" ix*.
Item chestes, cobbards, tables, trestles, stoles, chayres, xxj" ijj.
Item all vessels of yerne, laten & pewter, liiij8 iii'1.
Item typettes, cappes, and nyghtcappys, x8.
Item bokes Ix in nomber, xx*.
Item hangings and testurs, v*.
Item stone pottes, xvjd.
Jtem vessells longing to baking and washing, viij*.
Item an horselitter cum pertincntiis, iiij".
Item saddelles and bridelles, iij" iiijrt.
Item vj quussions and boankar, v" vj'1.
Item a colte, x'.
Item a nagge, vj' viij'1.
Item a beustede, xij'1.
Item a carte with harness, v".
Item a bushell to mete come, vj'1.
Item a lader and a malepilion, xiiij'1.
Sumina, xvj1' ij" ij1'."
In the following year I meet with a rector of the parish of Winnal,
near Winchester, making the following bequests and disposition of
his worldly goods :
" I geve and bequethe to every howse holder in Wynnall paryshe
that hath nede, a quarteryn of wood and ij busselles of cole. Item
to Grangeis wyffe a quarteryn of wode and ij busselles of cole. Item
to John Scoll a quarteryn of wood and ij busselles of cole, and the
same quantity of each to John Taylor and to Sander's wyffe. Item
to Alice Kynge half a lode of wode and a quarter of cole, and a
lyttyl tabell with iiij legges.and my tawney gowne, lyned with cottyn.
Item to Kateryne my mayde a flocke bed that I lye on, with the
blanketes and the schettes and pellow and bolster longing thereunto,
and the tester, a cauderyn [cauldron] with the brodest bonde [band],
and a brasse pott brokyn yn one egge, a frying pann and a
gryddyern, a stone morter, a platter, a potynger with ij sawsers, ij
candelstykes and a saltseller, a coverlet that lyethe on her owne
bedde and my beddestede, in the parlor my lytyll kover and a coffer.
Item to Thomas Waller my best clothe jaket. To Nycholas Waller
my second jaket and a cauderyn with a lyteyl bonde. Item I geve
to Rychard Waller a shurt clothe of ij*. Item I geve to the Mausters
of the College [Winchester], xv. ; and to the chyldren [or scho'ars],
vj1 viijd. Item I geve to Syr Vole my best gowne and my chamlet
frock, my cappe presso and my sylken gyrdle."
2 — 2
so Hampshire.
In conclusion, I will note a few items among the effects of another
parochial clergyman, who died in 1556 :
" In his house at Nutley.
Imprimis vj hundred faggottes, vj' viijd.
Item three hyves with bees, vij* vjd.
Item a lode of sawed tymber, vj' viijd.
" In his chamber at Winchefeld.
His bookes.
Item a paire of Portess [Portiforium, or Breviary], v' iiijd.
I.yra super prophetas, ij'1.
Ortus vocabulorum, ijd.
A new Testamente in Englisshe, ij'1.
Acta statuti de anno xxxj"10 Henr. viij, iiij11.
iiij litle leaves of clene parchemente, ijd.
Item a quier of paper, ij'1.
Summa, vjs vjd."
I am, etc., F. J. BAIGENT.
Excursion in 1828.
[iSjO, Part //.,//. 217-219.]
SOUTHAMPTON.
Much as the addition of recent buildings has increased the suburbs
of this good town, the antiquities, as described by Sir Henry Engle-
field in his agreeable publication, remain nearly in statu quo.
St. Michael's Church was under repair. The nave had been nearly
rebuilt under the direction of Mr. Goodwin, the architect. The arches
are pointed, springing from octangular piers; thearchivolt mouldings
sustained on corbels. The plan has been rendered uniform by taking
in a small piece of ground at the north-west angle. The chancel is
still divided from the remainder of the church by the massive piers of
the tower, the nave being used for the public services. The area is
pewed, and four galleries are erected in different parts ; viz., one in
each aisle, another at the west end for the charity children, and a
fourth, appropriated to the use of the singers (for the church has no
organ), is constructed in front of the western arch of the tower ; this
latter gallery is supported by flying groins.
In the arrangement of the two pulpits, one being intended for the
reading-desk, a senseless innovation has been effected ; they are
situated at the west end of the nave, and consequently the whole of
the congregation turn their backs on the altar. This departure from
established rule must have been directed by the very spirit of innova-
tion and novelty ; there is nothing in the form of the nave, or in the
arrangement of the building, which could at all be urged as a reason
Excursion in 1828.
for this singular arrangement. There is no plea of convenience or
expediency to justify the change, which must have entirely resulted
from whim and caprice. The ancient font is now insulated, and placed
in the centre of the tower. On the north side of ihe altar is a muti-
lated effigy, mitred, and bearing a crozier, which was discovered in
the progress of the repairs. On the opposite side is a stone coffin,
and near it a piscina. The altar screen is inscribed :
"DONUM JACOHI PARKER, 1672."
The chancel has been but little altered in the reparation. The
screens at the altar, mentioned by Englefield, retain their places, but
the stalls he noticed have disappeared. The arch of the west window
of the nave, which was formerly void, has been filled with mullions
and tracery.
The statue of Queen Anne, on the Bar Gate, which excited the
mirth of Sir H. Englefield, has given way to one of George III., in
Roman costume, which, for any resemblance it bears to the original,
may have been intended for one of the Ccesars, and economically
appropriated to the English monarch ; in the same manner as a Lord
Mayor of London is recorded to have transformed a statue of Sobieski
into our own Charles II. The absurdity of the Roman costume is
surely greater than the stiff stays and gown of the Queen, which gave
such offence to Englefield.
The building called the Castle has been entirely destroyed, and on
its site is a "Zion," with the date of 1823.
At Mile End, a new and extensive suburb, is a new chapel, in the
Pointed style of architecture ; it is built of brick covered with stucco ;
architect, Benham. At the west end are two spires, but there is
nothing very striking in its architecture or decorations.
The Isle of Wight has been so often described by every description
of tourist, that none of its various features of interest, whether anti-
quarian or picturesque, can possibly have escaped notice.
Brading Church is probably the largest, and is reputed to be the
most ancient in the island. In a chapel at the east end of the south
aisle is a monument of the age of Elizabeth, consisting of an altar-
tomb, surmounted with the cross-legged effigy of a knight in the plate
armour of the time, extended on a mat, as the statues of this period
generally are. Above this effigy, which is the size of life, is a smaller
one similarly armed, which is also distinguished by the crossing of the
legs.
PORTSMOUTH.
The church is a large building, consisting of a nave, transept, and
chancel. The former is modern, having been rebuilt in the Italian
style. The transepts and other eastern portions show the earliest
Pointed architecture. The windows are lancet-formed ; the vaulting
22 Hampshire.
of the simplest description, vtry much resembling the older part of
the transept of York Cathedral.
In Portsea two new chapels have been built under the directions
of the commissioners for building new churches. St. Paul's Chapel is
a large stiuciure of stone, in the Pointed style of architecture, built
from the designs of Mr. Goodwin. It somewhat resembles Bordesley
Chapel, by the same architect, engraved in vol. xcvii., pi. ii., p. 201,
though very inferior in point of correctness to that building. The
mullions and tracery are iron ; the latter is fantastic is design, and in
its proportions little stouter than a common window-frame.
All Saints' Chapel is built of stone, in a purer taste ; it consists of
a nave and aisles, and the architecture is in the best style of the
fourteenth century. In the flanks are lofty windows, the tracery
being varied from each other. The windows are in two heights, and
in the centre is a small row of mullions at that part where the galleries
cross the design, an unusual mode of arrangement, but possessing the
merit of utility, and at the same time not altogether unsanctioned by
ancient example.
The west front is made into three divisions, corresponding with
the nave and aisles ; the butiresses which mark the division being
finished with pinnacles. The central division is nearly occupied by
a spacious and elegantly moulded arch, comprising within it the
principal entrance, and an elegant window above it. Over this arch
is a clotk, and the elevation is finished pedimentally. On the centre
is a square bell turret, ending in a dwarf spire. This chapel is, upon
the whole, one of the most chaste and pleasing specimens of modern
1'ointed aichitecture.
[1830, /',»//.,//. 580-583.]
ROMSEV.
The town has nothing remarkable about it except the abbey, very
little of which remains besides the church and the gateway, a Tudor
arch with a tower over it.
The church, large and cruciform, has a particularly substantijl
appearance ; it has suffered little injury from time or violence, and
affords a fine study in the earliest architecture of the country.
The great height of the lancet windows of the west front is rather
unusual : in most instances of this description of architecture several
tiers of windows are met with in succession ; in the present there are
only three simple openings, which range the whole height of the
elevation without a break. The exterior exhibits a great variety in
the details of its architecture ; in those portions of the building
which are in the Circular style there are manifestly two distinct
descriptions The nave shows the more regular mouldings of the
Norman, the choir the sportive and grotesque carvings of the Saxon
Excursion in 1828.
st>le. From the eastern side of the transepts project chapels with
semicircular ends towards the east, and originally the choir terminated
in a similar manner, as is still to be seen by the disposition of the
columns in the interior.
The Lady chapel, it is highly probable, had its eastern extremity
of the same form, but it has been destroyed at a very early period.
The tracery which fills up the arch of communication with the church
is in the style of the reign of Edward III. On the south side of the
church, and near to the famous crucifix, is a splendidly carved
Norman doorway ; among the mouldings are excellent imitations of
classical ornaments. This entrance was evidently the abbess's door-
way to the church ; it was originally protected by the cloisters, of
which no trace now exists.
The church, it appears, was founded by King Edward the elder,
A.D. 930, and it subsequently attained a superior magnificence under
the management of St. Ethelwold, who assisted King Edgar in build-
ing it, and I think an attentive examination of the present church
will lead to the conclusion that it is in great part the same edifice as
that in which the latter monarch buried his eldest son, A.D. 971. It
was shortly afterwards injured by the Danes in 992, and subsequently
repaired in the reign of Edward the Confessor. The nave was
enlarged towards the west at subsequent periods, particularly by
Bishop De Blois (a prelate who appears to have been a second
Gondulph), in the early part of the twelfth century ; since which,
with the exception of the west end, little has been done except in the
way of embellishment. The exterior walls of the aisles of the choir
and the curious chapels attached to the transept, with the various
sculptures and cat's-head moulding of the eastern part, I think there
can be little doubt are relics of St. Ethelwold. And this idea is not
at variance with the destruction of the church by the Danes ; they
might have burned the roof, and have reduced the church, in appear-
ance, to a heap of ruins, but having in our own days seen the walls
of York Cathedral survive a similar accident, and remain strong
enough to support a new roof, it requires no stretch of probability to
infer that Romsey was equally capable of restoration after the Danish
conflagration. The massive walls seem calculated to defy all
common accidents ; they sustained uninjured a cannonade from
Cromwell's artillery, and presuming that they are of the age assigned,
it is matter of no surprise that they should survive the attack of a
roving band of Danes, who, only bent on plunder and destruction,
had neither time nor inclination to destroy so strong a building.
And with respect to the subsequent alterations and additions, a
practised eye can easily distinguish a species of circular architecture
still of remote antiquity, but approaching more nearly to acknow-
ledged specimens of Norman architecture than the parts which I
conceive are vestiges of the original building.
24 Hampshire.
In the interior there are many curious specimens of Saxon archi-
tecture, as well as that of a later period. In the apsis behind the
altar are several columns with sculptural capitals, two of which are
historical, ami record on scrolls the name of the architect " Robert
me fecit."* This was a common Saxon practice, as may be seen by
more than one undoubted Saxon inscription.
In this church is a singular evidence in favour of Dr. Milner's
theory of the origin of the Pointed style being derived from the inter-
section of circular arches. This is a window on the east side of the
north transept, consisting of three pointed arches formed by the
interlacing of circular ones, the pointed apertures thus formed being
pierced and glazed. This window goes so far to establish Dr. Milner's
theory that I am surprised it was not noticed by him ; it is evi-
dently in its original state, and is less liable to the objection raised
to the windows of St. Cross, of having been subsequently pierced.
I should consider that this window is the workmanship of Bishop de
Blois, the style of the ornaments corresponding with his known
works.
That the Pointed style grew by degrees out of the Circular, or
Saxon style, which preceded it, is a conclusion to which every ancient
building seems to lead. The present church affords some striking
examples in favour of this proposition, and amongst others the
following.
Of the corbel table are various specimens, one of which, the
oldest, shows only circular arches ; in another circular arches are
intermixed with an angular formation approaching to a pointed
arch, and in a third the circular and pointed arch are met with
together.
This admixture would not have happened if the Pointed style had
been imported in a perfect state from a foreign country; in that case,
instead of the mixed architecture of Romsey, we should have wit-
nessed the perfection and uniformity of Salisbury.
The high altar has been greatly improved of late. By the removal
of the screen with the decalogue the noble pillars and arches forming
the old apsis were laid open, and the voids are now glazed with
stained glass. The altar screen was an ancient painting, partly-
defaced and partly concealed with the decalogue. t
Besides this painting, the ancient piscina of the high altar was at
the same time brought to light ; it resembles a font and is composed
of a dwarf cylindrical column wiih an elegantly sculptured capital,
highly enriched with leaves in the style of the end of the eleventh
century.
The nave and choir have roofs of timber ; the latter is ceiled and
These capitals are described in the Arcl-ceologia, vols. xiv. and xv.
t For an excellent description of this painting your readers are indebted to Dr.
Latham, of Winchester. Vide vol. xcix., i art ii., p. 584.
.Excursion in 1828. 25
pointed with dragons and saints ; the former, being the badge of the
Tudor family, marks the period of its erection.
The floor of various parts of the church is paved with tiles designed
with various figures, among which the most remarkable are two
knights tilting.
The sepulchral monuments of ancient date are not numerous. A
lady in the costume of the thirteenth century has been recently dis-
covered, and placed in the arch from which it has the appearance of
having been removed.
ST. CROSS.
The church of this ancient foundation is deserving of the import-
ance which Milner has assigned to it ; but I cannot help holding the
opinion that Romsey Church presents a better object for architectural
study than the present, and that for the reasons I have assigned in a
previous part of this letter.
The church received soirie embellishments from the late master,
Dr. Lockman, particularly the stained glass, which occupies the
western window, which is ancient, and was obtained from the Con-
tinent. Over the western entrance are the arms of the College in
stained glass, which differ so entirely from an older painting of the
same in the porter's lodge, that I cannot help pointing out the
discrepancy to show the uncertainty of modern heraldry, which is
commonly depicted according to the fancy of the artist (and an
heraldic artist is generally little better than a coach-painter), and in
utter contempt of the old-established rules of heraldry. The first-
mentioned arms are : Argent, a cross patee concaved (I use this
blazon for want of a better, it being a sort of fancy cross, formed in
accordance to the modern notions of heraldry) between four other
such crosses sable. In the old example the five crosses are potent,
the tinctures being the same in both. The alteration in the form of
the crosses must have arisen from a perfect spirit of innovation; the
least knowledge of heraldry would have prevented the mistake. The
cross potent, or cross of Jerusalem, was the peculiar and appropriate
ensign for an hospital; the repetition of it 10 the number of five had
reference to the wounds of our Saviour, and was adopted for the
same reason as the five crosses were engraved on altar stones.
Wolvesey Castle is an interesting ruin ; it has been engraved and
described in vol. xcix., part i., p. 105.
The parish churches in Winchester are not remarkable for their
extent or architecture. St. Thomas's shows some specimens of the
Pointed style, of equal curiosity with St. Cross; the arches are acutely
pointed and ornamented with zig-zags, and rest on cylindrical columns
with enriched capitals.
St. John's School and Chapel very much resembles Mr. Blore's new
26 Hampshire.
chapel at Battersea, which has been engraved in vol. xcviii., part ii.,
p. 105.
E. I. C.
P.S. I followed the common tradition in ascribing the sepulture of
the Duke of Buckingham to St. Thomas's Church, Salisbury (May
Mag., p. 408). The actual tomb of the Duke is at Britford, near
Salisbury, as Sir R. C. Hoare, Bart, (through whose politeness I am
enabled to make this correction) has recently ascertained.
A Peep into Hampshire.
[1791, Part l.,ff. 231, 232.]
After passing through Godalming, the traveller soon enters a heath,
much resembling that of Bagshot ; but, having a well-wooded
country on the left, and the valley on the right, is not less adorned.
Be\ond this rise the hills that run from Guildford to Farnham. In
this bottom, but on a gentle rise, is a handsome house of Lord
Muidleton, in a beautiful park. Crooksbury Hill, crowned with a
grove of firs, which is near Farnham, and just above Waverley
Abbey, makes a conspicuous figure in the north-west. Beyond it is
the Holt Forest.
The barrenness of this heath is, however, relieved not only by the
woody country thus seen to the right and left, but by some inclosures
which industry has made prolific in spite of its apparent sterility. A
little rivulet crosses the road about three miles from Godalming, and
here advantage has been token of it to make heads of water for an
iron mill, and the borders are converted into meadows. Soon after
a long lane leads between cultivated fields by a gradual ascent to
Hindhead, a high hill seen from great distances, where the heath
begins again, and continues for several miles in the road to Peters-
field.
The road at first runs on the side of this hill, with a sharp descent
into a valley on the left, where cornfields and wood are interspersed
with much broken ground ; it afterwards shifts, and shows a truly
Welsh dale on the right. The hill itself is heathy; in a deep bottom
are a lew enclosures of pastures and green corn,* a few cottages, and
then the hill ri*es again in the same barrenness as that over which we
are passing. This spot of cultivation grows narrower and ends in a
point when the hills, making a large, semicircular sweep, form what
the sailors, in their road to Portsmouth, call the Devil's Punch-
bowl.
Different parts of this hill afford a very extensive prospect to the
east, over the wilds of Surrey and Sussex, with many striking objects.
This ride is more than a mile, when the little town of Haslemere
* The end of August.
A Peep into Hampshire. 27
is seen on the left, and before you appears Sussex, with the South-
down hills running (perhaps) the whole length of the county.
Keeping to the right round the rim of the Punchbowl, Milland
Chapel or Church makes a solitary appearance at the edge of the
heath, at the corner of an enclosure, where a few ill-growing firs have
been planted. Belo* it is Milland House, some time Sir Tnomas
Ridge's, not seen from the road ; but an old pier of a gateway seems
to point out the approach to it.
The village of Liphook forms a stage between the towns of
Godalining and Petersfield. At Sheetbridge, on approaching Peters-
field, the land begins to mend in its appearance.
At Petersfield, which has the misfortuue to send two members to
Parliament, is a large house of Mr. Joliffe, the lord of the town. The
situation is but an indifferent one, it being shut in on three sides by
buildings. There is no trade here, and, except in time of war, the
place is a piece of still life. The arch over the west door of the
church is circular, with a zig-zag ornament. I did not see the inside.
About two miles farther is an old house of Lord Stawel's, called
Mapeldurham, but only inhabited by a farmer. A row of yew-trees
in the garden are remarkably large, kept shorn, and forming a
covered walk. In this bottom the meadows look well, and there is
good timber. Rising the hill, the barren heaths of Hindhead are ex-
changed for the most beautiful turf, covered with flocks of sheep.
I turned off to the right to go to Hambledon, having a view of the
sea and the Isle of Wight on the left, and on the right, in a cultivated
valley terminated by a hill which crosses it, is the village of East
Meon, whose large church, with a spire rising from the centre, forms
a conspicuous object.
The valleys hereabouts, and about Hambledon, are far from rich ;
they want those means which always enliven, and generally enrich, the
land through which they run. I say generally, because in my
route I shall show that they do not always do so. But what will not
patient industry effect? The farmers get tolerable crops, except
in dry summers, when their hills are parched, and their valleys can
scarcely bear the want of rain.
Lord Hood has a house at Catterington. In one of the bottoms
stands North House, once the residence of a Roman Catholic family,
whose hiding-hole for the priest is still talked of, as well as the arms
collected, and consultations held, when Jacobitism was a Roman
Catholic tenet. Happily those apprehensions are now no more, and
we can see a Roman Catholic fellow-subject without suspicion of
seeing an enemy to our constitution.
Before I reached Hambledon, I crossed the famous cricket-ground
called Broadhalfpenny, at the foot of which is a two mile course for
horse matches. The inhabitants of this town have long been famous
cricketers, and a club here is not afraid to challenge all England. This
28 Hampshire.
is a small town, but a very large parish, containing various tithings ;
in and near the town are several neat houses. The Bishop of
Winchester is Lord of the Manor of this and many other places
hereabouts.
[1791, Part /., pp. 320, 321.]
In the valleys near Hambledon oaks grow plentifully, but I saw few
large ones. Mr. Tucker has a tolerable house called [Denmead ?],
which was the Hides', a branch of the Earl of Clarendon's family,
and has passed to him by descent.
From Hambledon I crossed the forest of Bear to Southampton by
a very bad road, and difficult to find. There was not much large
timber to be seen, but the hills were ornamented with many hollies
of great size. I do not know whether this is considered as part of
the New Forest, or whether it is distinct from it. I passed near
two gentlemen's houses before I came to Wickham, a remarkably
neat and well-built village. Beyond this is* a house of the Rev. Mr.
Eyre, about which there is some appearance of a park. The stunted
trees in front of the house were in straight lines, filling the whole
ground, and where they did not seem thick enough, some starved
little ones are stuck in to fill up the vacancies. After passing a
miserable heath, the scene is very agreeably changed to a fertile and
beauiiful country. Descending through a little village, the road runs
by the bank of a fine stream to South Stoneham, where are two good
houses : the first was Mr. Dummer's, now is Mr. Dance's, who
married his widow ; the other is Mr. Sloane's.
Approaching Southampton, the superb house of white stone, called
Belvoir, strikes the eye. It is properly named, for it stands on a
brow, at the foot of which is Southampton water, enlivened by
numerous vessels continually passing, and the opposite shore beauti-
fully clothed with wood. The house was built by General Carnac,
has since been inhabited by Sir Thomas Rumbold, and was lately
Mr. Delme's. It is, however, a great drawback on the beauty of this
situation that the ebbing tide leaves a nasty muddy shore.
A little farther is the house which Mr. St. Andr£ lived in many
years. His share in the story of the rabbit-woman will be long
remembered.
The approach to Southampton is through a spacious, well-built street;
at the end of it is the old gate, through which you pass into the
principal street, wide and handsome. In this is a lately-built
market-house, well stocked with provisions three times a week. The
walls round the town are pretty entire, though in many places they
are covered with buildings. The mount, on which is a round tower,
commands a view of the water every way. The building, (".ailed the
* Some years ago.
Aldershot. 29
Polygon, is very handsome. The town is much frequented as a
bathing-place, and though nothing can be more disgusting than the
mud when the tide is out, the variety of the amusements, and the
beauty of the adjacent country, bring together a crowd of visitors —
add that the Duke of Gloucester sometimes honours the place with
his presence. The market is supplied with fish from Torbay.
Lord Palmerston has built a handsome house near Romsey, with
some good plantations, which reach up to the town. The river Test
runs through his ground on its way from Andover to the sea, and in
the town is crossed by an elegant stone bridge, which very agreeably
terminates Lord Palmerston's grounds. This river is beautifully
clear, and abounds with trout, but in its way from Stockbridge waters
a long tract of the coarsest meadows I ever saw. The vale through
which it runs is narrow, bounded on each side by hills. In this
valley is Mottesfont, the seat of Sir John H»by Mill, a large, old
house, formerly a priory. . In the miserable village of Kings
Somborne all the houses, except one, were thatched ; the walls of
most of them were of mud ; the sides of the stables of wattles
without plaster.
The town of Stockbridge is a wide street, tolerably well built, with
several branches of the clear trout stream. The fish are sent from
hence to London in the season. An old man, living some years ago,
remembered when there was no poor rate, and only one person in the
place would accept any alms. The case is altered now. This is a
borough ; the majority of the voters join together, like the Christian
club which subsisted at Shoreham some years ago, and choose two
members.
Aldershot.
[1865, Fart II., p. 2.]
I have recently been informed that not many months ago a weekly
publication of known reputation ridiculed the spelling of Aldershot
with a single t, and intimated that those who spelt it in this manner
were ignorant people. To these remarks, I suppose, must be attri-
buted the fact that the Times, which was wont to speak of this place
as Aldershot, now invariably prints Aldershott. Aldershot, notwith-
standing such disparaging observations, is the accepted spelling, and
it is a mere piece of eccentricity to write it Aldershott. There was a
time when the double i's were fashionable. Open a book of the
early part of the seventeenth century, and a column might be filled
with such words — thatt, abbott, writt, shott, profitts, sett, halt, dott,
etc. This is the period when our critic's orthography (Aldershott)
made its appearance ; but to assert that it is the proper spelling is
going too far. I will now give your readers an opportunity of seeing
how variously the name of this place has been spelt, which I jot
down from a few notes I happen to have among my own papers :
Hampshire.
A.D. 1290, Alresrhute ; in an episcopal mandate, 1398, Aldershote ;
in 1400. Alreschote; 1463, Alders-hote ; will dated April 14, 1511,
" I, John Awbrey, gentilman, of Aldershot, in the county of
Southampton ... to be burird in the church of St. Michael the
Archangel, in Aldtrshot " — and it is several timts mentioned in this
will, and always spelt "Aldershot"; 1517, Capella de Aldershot;
1520 and 1532, Aldershot; 1555 ami 1567, Aldershote; in the
Manorial Court Books, Aldershot, in 1535 and 1582; in 1530,
Aldtrrhhote ("Records of St. Cross Hospital ") ; 1610, Aldershot
(Speed's map); 1645, Aldershot (Parish Register of Wickham,
Hants); 1814, Aldershot (Manning and Bray's '• History of Surrey ");
1846, Aldershot (Dugdale's " Monasticon," last edition).
I am, etc., FRANCIS JOSEPH BAIGENT.
[" Aldershott " is a mere barbarism, like the " Dovor " which a
local authority attempted to establish a few years ago.]
Alresford.
[1811, Part I., pp. 521-524.)
Annexed are views of three Hampshire churches — viz., New
Alresford, Old Alresford, and Ovingion (see Plate II.), to accompany
which I send the following notes, taken in 1807.
WILLIAM HAMPER.
NEW ALRESKORD.
The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, consists of a nave,
with north and south aisles, and a chancel. A tower at the west end
contains six bells.* There is a slab in the chancel for Mrs. Jane
Delme, September 2, 1739, aged 60.
On slabs in the nave :
1. " H. S. E. (pietate, benevolentia, morumque suavitate, inter ornalas orna-
tisjirna !) Sarah, uxor Henrici Sealy. Obijt xiv Septembris MDCCXCIII. aetatis
suae xxxi. Sub eodem tumulo juxta dilectam Conjugem posita; sunt Henrici Sealy
(amicis maxime defieti) reliquiae. Obijt viii'vo die Aprilis, A. D. MPCCCV.
xM. LXVII."
2. " In memory of the Rev. Richard Webb, Master of the Free-School in this
Town, who died October 21, 1789, aged 42."
Slabs in the north aisle for Mary Eades, November 19, 1701, aged
24 ; and Anthony Gardener, March 17, 1702, aged 31.
On mural monuments in ihe north aisle :
1. " To the memory of Richard Woolls, esq., of this Town, who died Nov. 15,
1789, aged 69 years."
2. " In expectatione die! supremi, prope jacet Johannes Lake. Natus j'5 [Sep-
tembris] 6, 1691. Denalus 7's 21, 1759. Qualis erat dies isle indicabit."
* A new peal of eight bells, cast by Mr. Thos. Mears, of London, were adver-
tised to be opened on March 25 inst.
Alresford. 3 1
On mural monuments in .south aisle :
1. " To the memory of John Barnard, esq., who died June 12, 1763, aged 58
years. And of Mary his wife, who died March 16, 1749, aged 38 years."
Arms : Argent, a brar rampant sablr, impaling, gutte de sang, a
lion rampant gules. Crest, a detui-bear erect sable.
2. " To the memory of Elizabeth Harris, daught?r of Wm. and Jenny Harris
of New-place near this Town, who died the 2Oth of April, 1798, in the iyth year
of her age. [Inscription omitted].
" Also to the memory of Four Sons of the above-named William and Jenny
Harris; viz. William, who died 251)1 of June, 1773, aged two years; Ward, an
infant ; Philip, died I7th of Feb., 1781, aged seven years ; and John, died 28th
of Feb., 1789, aged 10 years."
3. " Near this place lie interred ihe remains of Ann Boyes, the wife of Robert
Boyes, of this Town ; whose amiable conduct and steady perseverance in the
uniform and faithful discharge of every religious, domestic, and social duty, made
her still the more beloved the more she was known ; and her death a loss the
most afflicting to those who had the greatest experience of her endearing virtues.
Having undergone a long and tedious illness with exemplary patience and
Christian fortitude, and enjoyed the foretaste of approaching bliss in the contem-
plation of a well-spent life, she calmly resigned her soul to God, April 4, 1762,
aged 44. Learn, Reader ! Bless her memory, and follow her example."
On the walls of the church, which are of flint and plaster, are
several dates: On the chancel, 1767 ; on the north aisle, 1766; on
the south aisle, 1760; and on the tower, 1699. A very ancient
crucifix of stone is worked into the west side of the tower.
An altar-tomb in the churchyard bears the following inscription (in
capitals) :
" Ici est le corps de Monsieur le Comte de Jourville, Capitaine des Vaisseaux
de son Majeste tres Chretienne, Chevalier de 1'Ordre Militaire de Saint Louis,
mort a la ville d'Alresford, dans la trente septieme annee de son age, le neuf
Uctobre, mil sept cents cinquante-huit."
The register says, "A French prisoner buried, October 7, 1758."
From a paper pinned in the register I transcribed an account of
"Accidents which have happened in this Town by fire since about
the year 1620. About the year aforesaid a fire happened at the
Swan, which by report burnt down great part of the West Street. On
the first of May, in the year 1678, a fire happened in the WestStreet
again, which burnt down to the ground three houses and back
buildings. And again, on the first May, in the year 1689, about nine
o'clock in the morning, a fire broke out in the Soke ; the season dry,
and the N.E. wind blowing very hard, the same in about three hours
burnt down and consumed to the ground the dwelling-houses of 117
families, with the Church and Market-house ; the damage, by the
oaths of the sufferers, amounted to the sum of ^24,500 and upwards.
And on the 3oth of April, in the year 1736, a fire broke out in the
West Street between nine and ten in the morning, which burnt the
dwelling-houses of thirty families, with all the out-houses, barns, and
32 Hampshire.
stables, to the num'ier of eighty-six piles of buildings. Damage
^5,000 and upwards, besides insurances."
Inscription over the door of the free school :
"ScHOLA Ex Fundatione HENRICI PERIN, Armig. Num'is ab eo legalis
Extructa. A. D. 1698."
In the school there is a portrait of the founder, who was buried in
Old Alresford churchyard. His epitaph is given below.
The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an unostentatious brick
edifice, of a single pace and chancel. The date of its erection is
perpetuated by the following inscription on the west side of the
tower :
" This Church was rebuilt, A.D. 1753.
The Tower, A.D. 1769.
The Bells cast, A D. 1770.
John Hoadly, LL.D., Rector.
James Rodney, esq., and/ Church-
Mr. Henry Bullpett, (, wardens."
Within, on the north wall of the nav:, is a superb mural monument
of white and coloured marble, containing (under a pediment sup-
porting a shield of arms and two urns) a bust of the deceased, with
full-sized emblematic figures of Faith and Hope. A sarcophagus
bears this inscription :
" Near this place lie deposited the remains of Mrs. Jane Rodney, daughter of
the Hon. Charles Compton, and wife of George Bridges Rodney, esq , who was
an honour to her family, and the delight of all that knew her. She died Jan. 29,
1757, aged 27, and left behind her three children in their infancy "
Arms : Or, three eagles displayed purpure, two and one ; impaling,
sable, a lion passant gardant, between three helmets argent.
On mural monuments against the south wall of the nave :
1. " In memory of Christopher Perin, gent., who departed this life, Nov. 27,
1705, aged 74. And also of Sarah, the wife of Christopher Perin, who departed
this life, Miy 30, 1726, in the 83th year of her age. Interred in the vault near
this place."
Arms : Gules, three crescents argent ; impaling ... a cross
chequy between four pellets.
2. " In memory of Jane, the wife of Reginald Edwards, and daughter of Chris-
topher Perin, gent., who died July 19, 1728, aged 62. And also of Christopher
Perin Edwards, son of the said Reginald and Jane Edwards, who died Aug. 16,
1720, aged 23 "
Arms : A lion rampant regardant ; on a canton an eagle displayed ;
impaling three crescents, with a fourth for difference. Crest, a lion's
head erased.
On the north wall of the chancel a plain oval tablet (having at the
bottom, in excellent sculpture, a dog holding a bunch of keys, as
emblems of a faithful housekeeper) is inscribed :
"This small but sincere memorial of his good friend and faithful Servant, Mrs.
Anne Davenport, spinster, was erected by Dr. John Hoadly, Rector of this
Parish. She was the youngest daughter of the Rev. Mr. Basil Davenport, Vicar
Alresfard. 33
of Broad Hinton in Wiltshire. Born July 24. 1705; died May 23, 1760; and
was buried in the Church-yard near the Soutti-east corner of this Chancel."
On the south wall of the chancel :
" H. S. E. Margareta, Johannis Needham Westmonast. armigeri, Filia.
Gulielmi Needham, S. T. B. hujus Eccl'iae Rectoris Conjux. Utriq. suisq.
omnibus longe meritoq. dileclissima. Obijt 24 Octob. Anno Dom. 1693, astat. 24."
Arms : Argent, a bend engrailed azure, between two bucks' heads,
cabossed sable.
On a slab in the churchyard (in capitals) :
"M. S. H. S. E. Henricus Perin armig'. Henrici itidem arm'ri filius natu
maximus, arte medendi clarus apud suos & felix, munificentia certe apud Posteros
immortalis, Alresfordiensis nimirum Schola; Fundator. Obijt lo'mo Maij, A. D.
1697, act. suae 71."
Arms : Three crescents. Crest, a crescent.
On other tombs in the churchyard :
1. "Here lieth interred the body of Henry Perin, esq., who lived in the fear
of God, and soe dyed the day of March, Anno Dom. 1672, in the 75 yeare
of his age." (Arms, as last. )
2. " Elizabeth Perin." (All but the name obliterated.)
3. " Here lieth Christopher Penn, late of Waiehouse, second son and heir of
Henry Perin, sen., sometime of the same place in this Parish, esq. And of his
second wife Sarah, daughter of Matthew Cruchfield, late citizen of London. By
her he had two sons, Henry and Christopher, and six daughters, three of which
only survived him. He lived beloved by his friends, and honoured by his wife
and children. An indulgent husband, a tender father, and a pious Christian. 1 le
died Nov. 27, A.D. 1705, setat. 74."
Arms : Same as on the monument in the church.
4. " In memory of Reginald Edwards, late Citizen of London, who married
Jane, daughter of Christopher Perin, gent., by whom he had issue one son and
one daughter, Christopher Perin Edwards, and Sarah Edwards. He departed
this life the 3Oth day of July, Anno Dom. 1701, aged years. — And also here-
under lieth the body of Christopher Perin Edwards, only son of the said R. E.,
who died July II, 1720, in the twenty-second year of his age."
Arms : Same as on the monument in the church.
5. " In memory of Dorothy, late wife of Thomas Bonham, gent., and daughter
of Henry Perin, M.D., who died the 9th of June. 1744, aged 55. And also of
Thomas Bonham, son of the said Thomas and Dorothy, who died the 2Oth of
July, 1745, aged 29 years."
Arms : Gules, a chevron between three cross crosslets fitchie. On
an escutcheon of pretence, three crescents.
6. " H. S. E. Gulielmus Needham, S. T. B. hujus Ecclesire per quadrapinta
prope annos Rector indignus. Natus 2'do Februarii, A.D. MDCLV. Obijt
22'do Junij, A.D. MDCCXXVII. Spe Resurgendi.
" H. S. E. Catharina, ejusdem Guli"1' uxor, quas obijt 27'o Augusti, A.D. 1731,
aetatis suae 8 1.
" The poor, the world, the heavens and the grave,
Her alms, her praise, her soul, and body have."
The Rev. Mr. North, son of the Bishop of Winchester, is the
VOL. xvn.
34 Hampshire.
present Rector of Old Alresford, with Meidsted and New Alresford
annexed.
Ovington.
The church consists of a nave and chancel, the latter only eleven
feet, by ten feet within. At the west end is a wooden turret with
four bells. On the left hand of the west door is a recess for holy
water, and on the north side of the nave within, a low arch in the
wall, nearly hid by pews, but no monument to be perceived under it.
The font is ancient and capacious : a square basin, on an octagonal
shaft, with a spreading base.
A mural monument in the chancel :
" In memory of the Rev. Mr. Barrett, forty-nine years Rector of this Parish ;
and Elizabeth his wife. He died July 8, 1744, aged 74 years. She died March 17,
1730, in her 6oth year. ' Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.' — This
monument was erected by their youngest daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Mathews, of
London."
There are also mural monuments in the nave for the following
persons :
"William Valden, esq., Recorder of the City of Winchester, Aug. 21, 1771,
aged 53."
" Mr. James Yalden, who died at Tichborne, June 27, 1776, aged 67."
"Thomas Armstrong, esq , Jan. 22, 1791, aged 70, and Sarah his wife, Sept. 28,
1782, aged 56."
" John Knight, son of George and Ann Knight, of this Parish, Dec. 8., 1803,
aged seven."
The Rev. Mr. Richards held the living in 1807.
Andover.
[1831, Part I., p. 211.]
With this I send you a drawing (Fig. 9) of a silver ring, which
has lately fallen under my inspection. It is in the possession of
Dr. Littlehales of this place, and was found at Denebury Hill, near
Andover.
My own observations lead me to think that it originally belonged
to the Douglas family, from the representation of a heart crowned
above and winged on the sides ; yet in the usual figures of the heart
so crowned, the wings are pointed upwards. This change, however,
might have taken place to accommodate the ring by not taking up
so much room. At the back of the ring are two hands united, and
issuing from a rose on each side ; and from which we may be led to
think there may be allusion to the union of the two houses of York
and Lancaster. The ring is of very rude workmanship, especially
where the two ends are united within.
The opinion of your correspondents on the above will oblige
Yours, etc., JOHN LATHAM.
Andover. 35
[1844, Part II., p. 305.]
The ancient church of St. Mary (some portion of which was of
Anglo-Norman date) having become so dilapidated as to render further
repair almost impracticable, a venerable clergyman (Dr. Goddard),
connected with the town only by residence, has erected at his own
expense a church nearly on the same site, commensurate with the
population of the place. The body of the sacred edifice is now
complete, and consists of a nave, aisles, and transept, the whole of
exceedingly lofty and graceful proportions, and presenting a splendid
example of the Early English style. The windows of the chancel are
filled with coloured glass. The edifice is built of Caen stone and
flint ; the interior finished in a most chaste and beautiful manner —
no gallery excrescences appearing to disturb the harmony of the
slender shafts and pointed windows. It will accommodate about
one thousand persons. No part of the tower is yet erected, but it
will be constructed on the site of the remaining portion of the old
church.
Basing and Herriard.
[1787, Part II., pp. 1056-1058.]
I have visited Basing Castle and Church, and from the latter have
taken the following memorials, principally heraldical. It stands at a
small distance eastward of the castle, and was probably built, or
certainly very materially repaired and beautified, by the first Marquis
of Winchester, during that part of his various life at which Popery
prevailed ; for at the west end, in a niche very high, is a figure which
seemed to me that of the Virgin Mary. That this figure and the
other external ornaments of the church should survive, as they have
done, the devastation of the neighbouring siege, can only be accounted
for by the fierceness with which the besiegers pursued the ruin of
the castles, which so occupied their minds as to render them inatten-
tive to everything else. Under the niche is a shield containing the
following arms :
Quarterly of 8,
1. Poynings. Barry of six or and vert, a bend gules.
2. Gules, 2 lions passant guardant arg. Delamare.
3. Gules, 3 water bougets, arg. Roos.
4. Barry of six gules and ermine. Hussey.
5. Arg. 6 martlets gules.
6. Az. a fesse between 3 fleurs-de-lis. Arg.
7. Fretty, ... a canton . . .
8. Arg. on a chief gules, 2 mullets or. St. John.
Over all, in an escutcheon of pretence,
Powlett, Sable, 3 swords in pile, their points towards the base,
arg. pommels and hilts, or.
Hampshire.
This mode of marshalling seems a little unusual in heraldry.
Where a maternal descent is particularly honourable, it is usual, if
the ancestress was an heiress, to put her coat first ; but then the
paternal coat is placed among the other quarterings. Here, though
the paternal coat is not allowed the first place, it is given a more
distinguished place than the other quarterings, by being placed in a
scutcheon of pretence.
The church is large, and the external appearance is handsome.
The inside is divided into three aisles. The north and south aisles of
the chancel are divided from the middle by two open arched tombs
on each side, having each an arched doorway between them. The
upper tomb, on the south side, is indisputably meant for the first
Marquis himself, though there is no inscription remaining, if there
ever was one ; but this appears from the arms. . . . The lower tomb
on the south side has the same arms, and might be intended for the
Marchioness his wife. The upper monument on the north side, I
have no doubt, by the arms, was for John Paulet, Esq., who married
Eleanor, daughter and coheiress of Robert Roos, Esq., of Gedney,
co. Lincoln, and was grandfather to the first Marquis. In the wall
over the arch is this: "Qui obierunt .... Septembris Anno DMI.
1488." There were remains of a continuation of the inscription on
the other side, but to me illegible. The lower monument on the
north side was evidently, by the arms, intended for the father of the
fiist Marquis, Sir William Paulet, K.B., who married his cousin, Alice,
daughter of Sir William Paulet, of Hinton St. George, co. Somerset,
and Bere, co. Southampton. . . . Round the inside of the church
arc the same arms, in various combinations. In the south aisle
remain, tolerably perfect, nineteen out of about fifty banners ; the
staffs only remaining of the rest. These were probably placed there in
1754, upon the funeral of the third Duke. Whether he was buried
here, I know not. There are no other monuments than those I
have given an account of. The different banners seem to consist of
the impalements of the arms of all the different wives since the
family settled at Basing. But I will not tire you with a repetition of
what remain, though I took a note of them. . . .
Herriard.
I shall mention this place here, as it was possessed by the Paulet
family. This parish lies about three miles south-east of Basingstoke.
Richard Paulet, third brother of the first Marquis of Winton, was,
as I mentioned, seated here, in right of his wife, daughter and heir
of Peter Cowdrey of this place. From him descended John Powlett,
whose third son, Richard, was grandfather of Sir Richard Powlett of
this place, who left two daughters his coheirs, Louisa, daughter of
Sir Thomas Jervois, of Chilmarsh, co. Salop, and Anne, wife of John
Jervoise, Esq., who in her right had Herriard. In descendants of
Herriard. 3 7
this name it still remains. The late possessor built a large house
here ; the inside of which, I understand, he never finished. It stands
upon a considerable eminence, and has fine views about it, the
country round being, in my opinion, well wooded and exceedingly
beautiful. The present possessor, who is collateral to the last, having
estates elsewhere, resides here very little. Beneath the hill, nearer
Basingstoke, lies Wynslade. In this parish stands great part at
least of Hackwood Park, and probably the house. The patronage
of the living is in the Duke of Bolton. Dr. Joseph Warton had
this living, and resided here all the earlier part of his life ; and
here probably he composed the greater part of his " Essay on the
Genius and Writings of Pope." This, too, was the scene of that
beautiful little poern of the present Laureate, which stands the first
of his sonnets in the modern editions of his "Poems." It describes
the style of the country hereabouts with exquisite precision, as well
as beauty.
Basingstoke.
[1787, Part II., pp. 1152, 1153.]
" Basingstoke," says Camden, " has a well-frequented market,
and a very neat chapel, dedicated to the Holy Ghost, built by
William, the first Lord Sandes of the Vine." The editor of the
Magna Britannia adds that " it is governed by a mayor, recorder,
seven aldermen, seven burgesses, etc., and has a great marktt on
Wednesday weekly for corn, especially barley, because its inhabitants
are many of them maltsters, of whom it is said that here is one of
the richest of that trade in England." This business is at present
very much declined indeed. The person meant as the richest
maltster in England was, no doubt, Mr. William Blunden, whose sole
daughter and heir, Elizabeth, married, first, Sir Charles Gunter
Nickhol, K.B., and second, Peregrine, third -Duke of Ancaster,
May 22, 1735, but died without issue by the latter, December, 1743.
By the former she had issue Frances-Catharine, an only child,
married January n, 1755, to the present Earl of Dartmouth, who,
in right of her, has considerable estates in and about the town.
The chapel above-mentioned is now a melancholy ruin, being
destroyed by Oliver's rabble at the time of the siege of Basing, I
suppose. It is said to have been exceedingly beautiful. It stands
upon an eminence to the north that overlooks the town. " Upon the
roof of it," says Camden, " the history of the prophets, apostles, and
disciples of Christ is very artificially described." The outside was of
freestone, curiously ornamented. Lord Sandes, with Fox, Bishop of
Winchester, obtained a license from Henry VIII. not only to found
a free chapel, but also to establish a guild here, by the name of
" The Brotherhood or Guild of the Holy Ghost." This body is to
consist of an indeterminate number of members, and that of either
38 Hampshire.
men or women ; and the aldermen or wardens for the time being
have power to admit as many persons of either sex as they think
proper. To this brotherhood Lord Sandes gave an estate, consisting
of 105 acres of land, and two houses, for the maintenance of a priest
to perform divine service in the chapel, and therein also to instruct
youths in literature. This fraternity escaped the Reformation, but
was dissolved by the operation of a statute, i Edw. VI. ; was re-
established by Queen Mary by letters-patent, 1556, at the petition of
the inhabitants, and remained untouched till the Civil Wars, when
the all-devouring rapacity of Oliver once more dissolved it, and seized
the estate ; but by the interest of Bishop Morley in 1670, it was again
restored. To this fraternity there have been other benefactors. Sir
James Deane, Knt., who died about 1608, bequeathed £10 per
annum to the preacher, and the same to the schoolmaster ; and Sir
James Lancaster, Knt., bequeathed an annuity of £20 per annum to
each of the above-named persons. This benefice is in the presenta-
tion of the Lord Chancellor.
This chapel was the burial-place of the family of the founder, Lord
Sandes. He himself was buried there in 1542 (34 Hen. VIII.); and
I have no doubt, from the hollow sound of the ground within the
walls upon treading it, and from the holes where the covering seems
to have given way, that there is a vault yet remaining there. Tomb-
stones with inscriptions there undoubtedly are beneath the deep
covering of grass and ruins ; for some I have seen drawn from the
overwhelming rubbish, and broken, but still legible, inscriptions of
Knighis of the Garter scattered about the burying-ground. Others
there are which curiosity has half raised, and left, standing edgeways ;
but they are too much overgrown to be read in their present state. I
only saw them one evening, when the dusk was coming on, and never
beheld a more melancholy picture of the vanity of human honours.
One tomb I observed very entire for one of the family of Cusaude,
who had also a vault in this chapel. This was not only a very ancient,
but very honourable family, intermarrying with some of the highest
houses in the kingdom, as I have seen in a most splendid pedigree of
them, of which I hope some day to procure a copy. Their mansion-
house went by their own name, and lay somewhere between the Vine
and Basing. On the tomb I have mentioned was the Cusaude arms,
viz., Barry of 8 (or 10, ?), argent and gules, a canton of the last, on
a scutcheon of pretence ; a chevron within a bordure engrailed —
possibly Stafford, of Hook ; but I mean to transcribe the inscription
some day, which I had neither time nor light to do when I was there.
This family, I believe, has been extinct ever since the middle of the
last century. The estate now belongs to Thomas Lobbe Chute, Esq.
(the possessor of the Vine), who purchased it some years since.
The church of Basingstoke stands low, and seems at the utmost no
older than Henry VIII. 's time ; probably it is of Queen Elizabeth's
Basingstoke. 39
reign. In the inside are painted upon the walls the arms of the
Powletts, of the first Lord Sandes, of Birhop Wainfleet, of Sir James
Deane, of Sir James Lancaster, and of William Blunden, Esq.
There is a handsome town-hall, under which is the market. Upon
this building are the arms of the Duke of Bolton, viz. : i. Powlett ;
2. Delamere ; 3. Poynings ; 4. The fesse between the three fleurs-de-
lis ; 5. A fret on a canton, two mullets ; 6. Roos.
[1809, Part I., pp. 32,33.]
The venerable elm-tree, near Deane's alms-houses, at Basingstoke,
which had long, by its magnitude and antiquity, attracted the notice
of strangers, has lately been cut down. It measured 21 feet in the
girth, in the thickest part near the root, and 14 feet at four feet from
the ground. The trunk was much decayed, and a considerable part of
it reduced to almost a shell ; but upwards in the branches the tree
seemed to be in full vigour of vegetation. As it was considered
dangerous to the neighbouring houses, it was sold by public sale for
£6 ; which, after it was cut down, was thought too much, as the
greatest portion of it was fit only for fuel.
This tree stood at the junction of three roads, and it seems to
have been a custom with our ancestors to plant elms in such situa-
tions, many instances of which may still be met with. For what
reason this was done does not readily appear. Perhaps they were
planted as memorials of some public important events ; as it has been
said, this tree was planted in the year of the Revolution ; and by
some, on the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot, or possibly at the
Revolution.
In the sacred history we find, that on the occasion of Abraham's
covenant with Abimelech, the patriarch " planted a grove," or tree,
as the Hebrew word is rendered in the margin, and in other
passages, "and called there upon the name of the Lord" (Gen.
xx'- 33) > agreeably, no doubt, to the institutes of the patriarchal
religion. This practice was afterwards abused to superstition and
idolatry ; for which reason groves or green trees were commanded to
be cut down (Deut. xii. 2; xvi. 21). The ancient idolaters used to
"burn incense upon the hills, under oaks, and poplars, and elms ;
because the shadow thereof was good" (Hos. iv. 13). In Greece we
meet, in very early times, with the famous oracle of Jupiter at the
oaks of Dodona. Among the Greeks and Romans the oak was sacred
to Jupiter, even to a proverb. The heathen goddess Diana was called
Trivia; as Varro thinks, because her image was erected by the Greeks
in triviis — in places where three roads met. And it appears that the
country people used, on certain days, to sing some mournful ditty at
the junction of three roads (per trivia) in honour of Diana or Proser-
pine, in imitation of Ceres searching for her when she had been
snatched away by Pluto, with a mournful noise along the roads, or
where three roads met. ,
40 Hampshire.
It is a remarkable circumstance, that the ceremony of tracing the
boundaries of the parish of Basingstoke commences from the very
place where the great elm-tree stood with an act of religious worship,
a psalm being bung by the parish clerk and others assembled on the
occasion. This is a relic of the ancient Popish processions in the
perambulation of parishes, and which originally might be derived from
the heathen custom. . . .
Your insertion of the above remarks, Mr. Urban, may perhaps
induce some correspondent to give your readers a more satisfactory
reason for elms being so frequently met with at the junction of public
roads, and will oblige
J- J-
[I778,/. 172.]
A canal from Basingstoke was first proposed in the year 1772, and
a petition was then presented to Parliament, but not to communicate
with the river Wey near Weybridge (as represented by the plan
referred to), but to communicate with a canal that was then proposed
to be made from Reading to Monkey Island, near Maidenhead [see
a plan and an account of that canal in February Magazine, 1772], by
the Corporation of Reading, and from thence to be continued by the
Corporation of the City of London to the river Thames at Isleworth ;
but through the opposition of the landowners and other landed
gentlemen who had not discernment enough to see their own interest,
the whole scheme was frustrated.
But this present scheme meets with a more favourable reception
from the landowners ; for out of the great number of different pro-
perties this canal in a course of forty-three miles must go through,
there are but two dissenting voices.
This canal promises very fair to be of great public utility by furnish-
ing an easy conveyance to vast quantities of timber to the London
market and to the public dockyards, which at this time lies useless in
the country for want of such conveyance.
[1862, Part II., p. 658.]
The following extracts from documents in the Public Record Office
relate to the Holy Ghost Chapel, the ruins of which form a cause for
inquiry with all intelligent travellers on the South- Western Railway.
They tell the story of the little chapel, which the inhabitants would
have done well to have restored for their new cemetery. Sir W.
Sands, of the Vine, Hants, was raised to the peerage by the title of
Lord Sands, 15 Hen. VIII., and died 1542 (Brydges' Collins'
" Peerage," ix. 418). Dugdale gives the date of his creation April 27,
1523, but there is no patent on record (" Hist. Peerage of England,"
420). The'bishop was Richard Fox, 1500-1528 :
" The brotherhood of the Chapel of the Holy Ghost, Basingstoke,
founded of the devotion of the inhabitants at the beginning there to
Basingstoke. 4 1
find a priest, and sithence employed to the intent to find a school-
master to teach children grammar, which hath been so continually
kept this 10 years last past unto this day, whereunto belong lands and
tenements in Basingstoke to the yearly value of £,d 145., whereof
resolut. 155. 4d. et rem. ^5 173. 8d., which is yearly paid to the said
schoolmaster. Ornaments and plate belonging to the same brother-
hood delivered by inventory indented by the Commissioners to the
Churchwardens of the said brotherhood valued at 283. then. The
said Chapel of the Holy Ghost and the yard environing the same is
the common burying place for all the said parish, and the vicar there
findeth a curate, and the same vicarage is of the value of £26 as. gd.
Houseling people there 804." — Certifir. of Chantries, 2 Edw. VI., Hi.
" The Chantry of the Holy Ghost.— The late Bishop of Winchester
and the lord Sands, by the licence of the King's Majesty, which now
is under the great seal of England, to have one alderman, two wardens,
and certain brothers, and one priest, which priest hath no perpetuity,
but removeable at the will and pleasure of the said alderman and
wardens ; and for that cause the said priest is discharged of paying
tenths, by judgment of the Exchequer, as appeareth by the exemplifi-
cation thereof dated the 35 year of the King's Majesty's reign that
now is. The said guild is erected and situated within the said parish
church of Basingstoke, the value of the said chapel by year is ^6 145.
whereof for rents resolut. i5s. 4d., for the priest 1175. 8d. There is
one free chapel called Easthrope within the parish of Basingstoke,
obtained and dissolved sith the 4 Feb., in the 37th of the King's
Majesty's reign, by Mr. John Leffe, Clerk, Doctor, etc." — MSS.,
Court of Augment., li. 19.
I am, etc., MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT, M.A., F.S.A.
[1864, Pan /.,/. 138.]
The ruins of this chapel are quite familiar to travellers on the
South-Western Railway ; but it is not generally known that it was
occupied so recently as 1743, for in that year the " Rev. Mr. Samuel
Deggon was presented to the place of Presbyter in the chapel of the
Holy Ghost, near Basingstoke." — Gentleman's Magazine, xiii., p. 444.
I am, etc., MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT, M.A., F.S.A.
[1864, Part L, p. 363.]
Mr. Walcott can scarcely infer from the fact of a " presbyter "
being appointed to the Holy Ghost Chapel at Basingstoke, that at
that time (1743) the chapel was "occupied." He will remember
that, in our undergraduate days at Oxford, Tubney Church (which
had not then been rebuilt by Magdalen College), though entirely
destroyed, save one stone left in situ, had its rectors regularly inducted,
the rector being placed on the " Church Stone," as it was called.
The like ceremonial was also observed at Blackborough, Devon ;
42 Hampshire.
though the church there has been rebuilt by the liberality of the
patron. So it by no means follows that a church or chapel is
" occupied " because a presbyter is presented, and even instituted
into the benefice. To this day the shamefully desecrated, but little
known, parish church of Elden, Hants, has its regularly-appointed
rectors, though it is used as a cowshed. The late rector com-
pounded with his chief parishioner by making him a present of a
volume of sermons !
I am rather interested in the history of the demolition of the
Holy Ghost Chapel. The following may tend to elucidate it.
Gilbert White, of Selborne, was at the Grammar School at Basing-
stoke. He writes in his " History of Selborne" (finished in 1787):
" When a schoolboy, more than fifty years ago (say fifty three), he
was a party concerned in the undermining a portion of that fine old
ruin» — the Holy Ghost Chapel — "which portion fell that same night,
to the great alarm of the neighbours." This must have been about
1735, eight or ten >ears before Mr. Deggon's presentation. Now a
building could scarcely be " occupied '' under such circumstances.
I have heard it stated on pretty good authority that the Mill family,
to whom the Holy Gho=t Chapel belonged, about a hundred years
ago refused to lay out ^40 on the repairs of its roof. I have tried
to verify this report, but have not been successful as yet. Perhaps I
may do so by next month. But we must give this hundred years a
large margin ; for even schoolboys would scarcely venture to under-
mine a building whose roof could be made good for so small a sum
as ^40. However, by working out these two statements, we may
give a tolerable guess at the date as well as the cause of the ruination
of this beautiful building.
What a scandal it was that on the construction of a cemetery at
Basingstoke this building was not repaired and used as a cemetery
chapel ! But it may still outlive its pretentious, parti-coloured
neighbours, which I am glad to see are fast becoming ruinated.
I am, etc., WILLIAM GREY.
Beaulieu.
[1796, Part I., p. 290.]
In the inside of the ancient refectory, now the parish church of
Beaulieu, at an elevation of about twelve leet from the ground on the
west side, stands a pulpit, thus described in a MS. of 1648, in the
" Harleian Collection," No. 892.*
"The ancient and fayre parish churche of Bello Loco Regis al's
Bewley, in the county of Southampton, being destroyed with the
abbey wherein it stood, at the South side of the said old churche's
foundations stands the new parish church, Southe and Northe,
* See also Mr. Grote's account under his view of the ruins, and Camden's
" Britannia," new edition, i. 132.
Beaulieu. 43
having been the abbot's dyning hall. On the West side of the same
is an ancient pulpett, which stands in the wall leading upp to it,
which was the place wherein the abbott's bible clarke did exercise his
function, and is situate over against the newe pulpett and reading
place, but higher upp."
A flight of stone steps, with a roof curiously arched and ribbed,
and enlightened by several Gothic apertures, forms the ascent to this
pulpit, wherein the reader gave a portion of divinity to the monks
that were seated below at dinner ; a custom which exists to this day
at Queen's College, Oxford, when a portion of the Greek Testament
is daily read during the hour of dinner.
That the pulpit above described was appropriated to this purpose
may be inferred from the following injunction, inserted in the Bene-
dictine Regulations, " Mon. Aug.," torn, ii., p. 951 :
"Lector refactorii post capitulum libros portal in refectorium.
Lector stet ad librum versa facie ad orientem. Inclinante conventu
ad gloria patri, et ad pater noster, inclinat et ipse, versa facie ad con-
ventum, hie debet autem sedere, dum sedet ille qui praeest con-
ventui. Historiam leget rotundius ; sermones et omilias attractius.
Yours, etc., E. RUDGE.
[1796, Part I., p. 470.]
The Harleian MS. (see p. 290), giving an account of the ancient
refectory of Beaulieu Abbey, is not exempt from inaccuracies in con-
sequence of its being a century and a half old. The said refectory,
into which the ancient tombstones have been removed and irregu-
larly disposed in every possible direction, does not " stand South and
North," nor indeed pointing to any of the cardinal points of the
compass. It is also a mistake in this ancient writer, whoever he was,
to describe the curious pulpit with the plate of which you have en-
riched your Miscellany, as appropriated to "the function of the
abbot's bible clarke." This expression intimates that the office of
reader in the refectories of our ancient abbeys distinctively belonged to
some one person, and that there existed such a post as that of the
abbot's bible clerk ; whereas it is a certain and well-known fact that
the monks in general, as many as were qualified for the same, were
appointed to discharge this duty by turns, each one for the space of
a week. Independently of other arguments, this is proved by the
rule of St. Benedict ; the same which was observed at Beaulieu and in
every other Cistercian abbey. See cap. 38, " De hebdomadario
Lecture." "Mensis fratrum edentium lectio deesse non debet; nee
fortuito casu, qui arripuerit codicem legere audeat ibi ; sed lecturus
tola hebdomada, Domimca ingrediatur," etc. JOHN MILNER.
[1820, Part 11., pp. 489, 490.]
The annexed plate represents a north view of the refectory of
Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire, and the triple arches at the west end
44 Hampshire.
of the chapter - house, taken from the once cloistered quadrangle
(see Plate I.). When the destruction of this abbey took place, the
refectory, or dining-hall, was converted into a church for the use of
the villagers. The refectory, therefore, remains the most perfect
portion of all the buildings which composed this formerly extensive
and beautiful abbey, which was founded by King John for monks of
the Cistercian Order, A.D. 1204.
The cloisters were joined to the south side of the nave of the
church. On the western side of the quadrangle was placed the
dormitory, which was a building of considerable length, and stood
over a spacious cellar or vault, of which some portions are now re-
maining, and are converted into workshops, etc. On the opposite or
eastern side of the cloisters was placed the chapter-house, on the
south side of which are the remains of a passage, and on the opposite
or northern side the lavatory. On the southern side of the quad-
rangle is the refectory. The exterior of this building is plain, and
almost wholly obscured with ivy, large and impervious masses of
which are suffered to grow on all the surrounding dilapidated walls.
At the south end of the refectory are triple lancet windows, and at
the north end two windows, having under them a large and hand-
somely-shaped pointed doorway, resting on double columns at the
sides ; the iron hinges of the wooden doors are richly and curiously
ornamented. On the left side of this doorway is a fragment of a
pointed arch covering a deep recess, the former use of which is not
now precisely known. On the point of the gable, at the north end of
the refectory, is a wooden bell turret, and over the southern point a
stone cross.
A small portion of the interior of the refectory is separated from
the rest of the room by a wooden fence ; this space forms the porch
of the church, and is made a receptacle for rubbish of every descrip-
tion. The narrow lancet windows lighting this magnificent apart-
ment are on the interior covered with spacious pointed arches ; those
now over the altar are very handsome, and rest on single slender
columns. In each side wall are two corresponding windows ; but the
west side of the room is principally occupied by the pulpit and its
staircase, the latter being constructed within the thickness of the
wall ; it receives light through several small windows, and the stair-
case is opened towards the room by means of an arcade of six very
elegant pointed arches, resting on clusters of slender columns ; at the
extremity of these arches is the door of the passage, the roof of which
is arched with stone. The pulpit is attached to the wall, before a
spacious, pointed arch, the window at the back of which consists of
two trefoil, arched compartments, surmounted with a quatrefoil per-
foration. This pulpit is, perhaps, the most perfect and elegant now re-
maining in England,* excepting the one that formerly belonged to the
* A slight sketch of this pulpit is given in vol. Ixvi., pp. 289, 470.— EDIT.
Beaulieu. 45
refectory of the abbey at Shrewsbury,* and which is now exposed in a
garden on the south side of the church. The pulpit at Beaulieu is
of a semi-octagonal bracket-shape, having at every angle a torus, or
round moulding, terminating with a capital, and containing in every
face rich and elegant patterns of sculptured foliage. The upper half
of the pulpit, although very ancient, must certainly be allowed to be
of subsequent date to the base. Its various ornaments do not accord
with the elegant simplicity of the style of architecture that prevailed
in the early part of the thirteenth century. At every angle of the
upper part of the pulpit is a small panelled buttress, and in every
face two trefoil arches resting on slender pillars ; below the arches is
a row of quatrefoils, and over the arches a high sloping parapet,
which is constructed of wood, and terminates with a double row of
small battlements.
The roof of the refectory is arched and ribbed with timber, and
ornamented with bosses, the sculptures of which are very curious, and
remain in good preservation.
In the pavement are several ancient gravestones that formerly con-
tained large and elegantly-ornamented plates of brass. The altar is
raised on two steps. In the east wall is a monument of rude design
and execution : it contains a recumbent effigy of a female, and an
inscription to the memory of Mary, the daughter of Thomas Elliot,
Gent. She died on June 18, 1651, aged 40 years.
Towards the west end of the refectory, or church, stands the
ancient font, which is of an octagonal form and ornamented with
arched panels in the body and pedestal.
The internal dimensions of the refectory of Beaulieu Abbey are as
follow : length, 97 feet ; width, 30 feet. Yours, etc., B.
[1863, Part I., p. 220.]
In your report of the meeting of the Christchurch Archaeological
and Natural History Society, held on September 25, 1862, t you state
" The second abbot of Beaulieu was appointed third bishop of
Carlisle, and built the choir of Carlisle." Although the name of this
dignitary is not stated, I presume Hugh de Bello Loco is meant.
He was elected bishop in 1218, on the application of King Henry III.
to the then reigning pontiff. He alienated several of the possessions
of the see, and died miserably at the Abbey of La Ferte, in Nor-
mandy, in 1223. I therefore conjecture (and, as Mr. Clayton very
justly remarked at the last monthly meeting of our Society of Anti-
quaries, "it is the business of an antiquary to conjecture") that De
Bello Loco had no hand in the erection of the present choir, which
was not commenced until the time of Silvester de Everdon, who
became bishop in 1245. It was approaching completion when, in
* Engraved in vol. Ixxvii., ii., p. 201. — EDIT.
f GentittfMM* s Magazine, January, 1863, p. 69.
46 Hampshire.
1292, a disastrous fire occurring, rendered extensive reparations
necessary. The arches which escaped destruction were propped up
by what Mr. Parker calls a clever piece of engineering, until the piers
were rebuilt. The choir was elongated one bay in the fourteenth
century, and the beautiful east window erected. It may, perhaps, be
objected that the Abbot of Beaulieu might have designed a previous
choir ; this I would meet by inferring that the Norman choir, which
was finished in noi, remained intact until the time of De Everdon.
I am, etc., EDWARD THOMPSON.
Bighton.
[1809, Part II., pp. 905, 906.]
Bighton Church, county Hants (Plate I.), is about two miles
north-east from Alresford, and consists of a nave, with north and
south aisles, and a small chancel. At the west end is a wooden
turret, containing three bells. The north and south aisles are each
divided from the nave by one large and one small pointed arch, on
massive circular pillars, with ornamental capitals. These pillars I
conceive to have belonged to the ancient church mentioned, A.D. 1086,
in the Domesday Survey of this place ;* and the font (Fig. 2),
which is capacious and lined with lead, cannot be of much less
antiquity. In the north aisle is a locker with a shelf; and below it
a piscina, now plastered up. The south aisle has a niche for a
piscina ; also two corbels for images.
On mural monuments in the chancel :
1. " Hie placide requiescit Maria Hopkins, pia, casta, et pulchra, femina
omnibus numeris absoluta, quae gravante febre correpta, matura Deo, yramatura
viro, ad vigesimum gbris et 2ndum diem, efflavit animam, Anno getatis suse 54.
Salutis redintegrate, 1695. Optimse conjugi maritus Jo'es, ultimum amoris in-
dicium, hoc M. quale quale ponendum censuit."
2. "J. Hopkins, M.A., Rector of this parish, dy'd Oct. 25, 1708; and left 50
pounds to repair the Church."
3. " Mrs. Grace Hawkins, the wife of William Hawkins, gent., late of Basing-
stoke, in this county, the daughter and heiress of William Reeve, esq., of Burgh-
field, in the county of Berks, by Johanna his wife, one of the daughters of Charles
Collins, esq., of Betterton, in the same county, died April 22, 1735, aged 52.
She was a serious and sincere Professor of ye Established Religion, and strict in
the practice of its duties ; amiable in every relation of life ; kind to her servants,
and compassionate to the poor ; a dutiful child, a faithful friend, a tender wife,
and an affectionate and indulgent mother. This monument was erected by her
husband, as a testimony of that sincere respect and affection which he bears to the
memory of one of the best of wives, and one of the most virtuous of women."
Arms : Or, on a chevron, between three cinquefoils azure, as many
escallop shells argent. On a chief gules, a griffin passant argent.
Over all, on an escutcheon azure, a chevron between three pairs of
wings conjoined argent.
On a slab in the chancel :
* " Bir.iiETOXE— ibi ecclesia." — Domesday, vo). i., fol. 43, a. col. I.
Bighton. 47
" H. S. E. Ann Hayward vid. quae (dierum et pietatis plena) vicesimo octavo
die Martis, debitum naturae persolvit, Anno aetatis sure 84. Salmis reparatae, 1691."
These notes were taken October i, 1807, when the Rev. Mr.
Harrison was Rector. WILLIAM HAMPER.
Bishop's Sutton.
Bishop's Sutton, county Hants, is a village on the London road
from Alresford, at the distance of a mile and a quarter from that
town. The church (Plate I., Fig. 3) consists of a nave and chancel,
with a turret at the west end containing three bells. The north and
south doorways are Norman ; the former having a dentil, and the
latter a bird's head moulding. A Pointed arch leads into the chancel ,
which is divided from the nave by a wooden screen.
The chancel contains the following sepulchral memorials.
On a mural monument :
" Sacred to the memory of William Cowper, youngest son of Richard Cowper,
of this county, esq., a citizen and surgeon of London; distinguished for genius,
knowledge, and experience ; most humane and successful in every branch of his
profession ; most eminent in the science of Anatomy, which whilst he prosecuted
with unremitting perseverance, anxious to compleat his Treatise of Myotomy, he
ruined his constitution by severe labour and watchings ; seized at the first with an
asthmatick complaint, and afterwards with the dropsy. He died prematurely on
the 8th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1709, and in the 43d year of his
age. His afflicted wife erected this monument to the best of husbands.
Tablets for two children of John and Mary Eames Wright ; and
slabs for —
Mary Seward, daughter of Richard Seward, died April 13, 1683 ;
aged 1 8.
Richard Seward, September i, 1679; aged 62.
Sarah, daughter of Richard Seward, April 14, 16 . . .
John White the elder, January 30, 1626 ; aged 74.
Joane, wife of John White, December 13, 1641 ; aged 67.
John White the younger, June 21, 1633 ; aged 31.
John Waight, son of John Waight, 1708.
Anna, wife of John Waight, April 15, 1713 ; aged 57.
John Waight, buried July 24, 1708, aged 57.
Richard Waight, son of John Waight, August 25, 1700 ; aged 16.
Edward White, gent., January 22, 1656.
A large marble slab for Jane, wife of James Venables, Esq., of
Woodcote, September 6, 1727, aged 50; James Venables, Esq.,
May 6, 1737, aged 51 ; Philippa, youngest daughter of James
Venables, Esq., by Jane his wife, April 4, 1776, aged 58; Jane
Collins, wife of Henry Collins, Esq., eldest daughter of James
Venables, Esq., November 27, 1779, aged 66; Catharine Venables,
of Woodcote, second daughter of James Venables and Jane his wife,
June 30, 1789, aged 74.
48 Hampshire.
The chancel also contains brasses of a man (in plate armour, with-
out helmet) and his wife, inscription gone ; and several ancient slabs
turned face downward. In the nave is a large slab, robbed of arms
and inscription, and a mural monument :
" In memory of John Waight, esq., one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace
for this County, who died the I4th Nov., 1776, aged 63 years, and of Elizabeth
his first wife, who died the II April, 1762, aged 56 years ; and also of Mary his
second wife, who died the I5th July, 1775, aged 46 years."
Arms : Argent, three bugle-horns, stringed, sable, impaling argent,
a bear rampant, sable. Crest, a demi-bear erect, sable.
The ancient font (now thrown aside) is octagonal, on a stand of
niche work ; the modern one, a clumsy square basin, on a cylindrical
pedestal. These notes were taken October 2, 1807, when the Rev.
Dr. Woolley was rector. WILLIAM HAMPER.
Bishop's Waltham.
[1800, Part If., pp. 1033, 1034.]
The church of Bishop's Waltham, Hants, is dedicated to St. Peter ;
and the following occurrences concerning it are inserted in the parish
register :
"The steeple and tower of the church fell down the 3ist day of
December, 1582, and began to be re-edified 1584, and was finished
in 1589.
"The North aile was built to enlarge the church in 1637.
" The South aile was taken down, new-built, and enlarged, in 1652.
"The roof of the middle aile was new-made and cieled in 1669.
" The gallery at the West end of the church was erected in the
year 1733. The organ and organ-loft over the said gallery wtre put
up in the year 1734."
The organ is a small one, but of a particular good tone, being
built by the celebrated Bernard Schmidt, or, as we pronounce the
name, Smith.
In the year 1798, a gallery over the south aisle was erected by
subscription, capable of containing 160 persons.
In the south side of the chancel is a piscina, as sketched by the
side of the plate.
The inscription over the porch is from Psalm Ixxxiv. :
" How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of Hosts !"
w.
Bramshot.
[l?9S. Part I, p. 40.]
I here send you some account of the parish church of Bramshot,
Hants, which I collected while staying in that quarter. The church
is a handsome structure, extremely regular, and built in the shape of
a cross, consisting of a nave, two aisles, and a chancel ; it is dedicated
Bramshot. 49
to St. Mary, and valued in the King's books at ^18 gs. 2d. Yearly
tenths ;£i i6s. nd. The living in the gift of Queen's College,
Oxon.
In the north aisle, on a brass plate :
©rate pro a'wb'a Joh'nis ffidton.
Be Chnlttlre, ^rm-gcri, (Slijabtf
elxoris titia, filior'.filtar' &toov'
<£t pm' fibcliu.' befntutor',
<£t in illo ultimo iie V I r:t hinrtlii ft sv.'.
On a stone in the chancel even with the pavement :
" In hopes of a blessed resurrection, Here lyeth the Body of JOSEPH JACKSON,
A.M., Rector of this Parish, and formerly Fellow of Queen's College, Oxon, who
was a diligent pastor of his flock, a kind friend, a good neighbour, a loving
husband, and a tender parent ; He died the igth of January, 1729, aged 72 years.
Elizabeth, his Widow, as a testimony of her respect for his memory, caused this
Monument to be put over him."
On a black marble affixed to the wall :
" In hopes of a joyful resurrection, Near this place, are deposited the remains
of SARAH DENNIS, a daughter and coheiress of Ri. Whitehead, Esq., Lord of the
Manor of Bramshot, and the Wife of the Rev. Jonathan Dennis, Rector of thij
Parish. She was a Woman of singular Piety, Rare Virtues, and exemplary
Modesty. To her Husband she was the best of Wives, To her Children the
kindest of Mothers, To her Friends the smcerest Friend. She died regretted by
all who knew her on the 28th day of October, 1780, in the 46th year of her age,
Her loving Husband raised this stone to her memory."*
If you think the above account worthy of insertion in your much-
esteemed Miscellany, you will oblige many of your friends by insert-
ing it, and particularly Yours, etc., W »J« B.
['795. fart II., pp. 993, 994.]
Enclosed (see Plate II., Fig. i) you receive a view of Bramshot
Church, Hants, which I should be extremely happy to see engraved
in your valuable depository. FATHER PAUL.
Your correspondent " W. B." having favoured your readers with
an account of Bramshot Church, I am induced to hope a view of it
(Plate II., Fig. 2), will be acceptable ; and I send you the enclosed
sketch, with a short description of the parish.
Bramshot is situated on the bo:ders of Hampshire, against Surrey,
in the hundred of Alton ; is nearly enclosed on three sides by
extensive heaths, having Hindhead on the east, Woolmer Forest on
the west, and Rake Common on the south ; the situation is dry and
pleasant, with extensive prospects to the west and north-west ; it is
watered by a trout stream, which, in many places, is a boundary to
the counties of Hants and Surrey ; the soil in general is sand, which
near the borders of the stream is rich. The extensive heaths in the
* He departed this life May 22, 1711.
VOL. XVII. 4
5<D Hampshire.
neighbourhood, though apparently barren, are of great benefit, feed-
ing considerable flocks of sheep, whose fleeces are of very fine
texture, and the flesh equal in flavour to the Bagshot mutton. The
turf, being pared off and dried, is a good fuel, and in the forest there
are extensive peat-moors. Of the heaths, great quantities of brooms
are made, which affords employ to the poor; and in the summer the
women and children gather large quantities of hurts, or whortle-
berries. The street is small and straggling.
Liphook, a hamlet in this parish, is well built, and a great thorough-
fare on the Portsmouth road. On the south side of the church is a
building, divided into two stories, the lower open, and entered by
two Gothic doorways, opposite to each other, which serves as a porch
to the church ; the upper story has been used as a schoolroom. On
the sides of the windows are shields bearing a cipher or merchant's
mark (Fig. 5) ; the font is an octagon (Fig. 4).
On the south wall of the chancel is a niche with a piscina (Fig. 5).
In the upper part of the window, in the north transept, are
fragments of painted glass ; and the sketch that accompanies this
letter was taken from the north-east. S.
Your correspondent " W. B." having taken but a superficial glance
of the parochial church of Bramshot, I beg leave to offer some
additions.
The church itself is certainly a remarkably handsome structure, in
the Gothic taste ; and I conjecture it to have been built about the
time of Henry VII. The spire, covered with shingles, stands in the
centre of the building, and is seen at a great distance off. There
are innumerable vestiges of painted glass, scattered promiscuously in
the windows, particularly in that of the north aisle, representing the
Crucifixion, etc., done in very lively colours.
John Belton (see p. 40) was lord of the manor of Chyltelee, or
Chirtley, a neighbouring parish, where one of his descendants
resides, but conditioned to the humiliating necessity of day-labour.
In the north aisle, besides the effigies of Belton, are these in-
scriptions. On a flat stone :
"John, son of John Whitehead, gent. Died July the 1 2th, 1697, aged one
year and 8 months."
On another :
" Here lyeth the body of Grissell, the wife of John Hooke, Esq., who departed
this life March the 4th, 1686, aged 69 years."
In the chancel, on a plain stone :
" Here lyeth interred the body of Elizabeth Clarke, daughter of Sir Francis
Clarke, of JVi,Aan, in Buckinghamshire, who departed this life the 22d of Sep-
tember, 1678."
Bramshot. 5 1
In the south aisle, on a brass plate :
" Covntu, Esquire, who departed this life, in a most assured hope of eterna
rest, the 1st of May, anno 1668."
On a flat stone adjoining to the above are inscribed :
"Here lyes interred the bodey of John Hooke, Esq., who departed this life
May the 4th, 1685, in the 8ist year of his age."
On a brass plate :
" Here lyeth the body of Margaret, the wife of Henry Hooke, Esq., who
departed this life the I2th day of Janvarie, 1670."
On another :
" Here lyeth interred the body of John Hooke, of Bramshott, in the Covntie of
South, Esq., who departed this life the 29th of June, Anno Domini 1613.
"'For I know that my Redeemer liveth, and thac he shall stand at the latter
day upon the earth. And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in
my flesh shall I see God." fob xix. 25, 26.
" Here lyeth the body of Barbara Hooke, wife of John Hooke, of Bramshott,
in the countie of South, Esquire, who departed most religiously the nth day of
Januarie, anno domini 1(122."
W. N.
Christchurch.
[1794, Part II., pp. 1093, 1094.]
In the course of last summer I was at Christchurch, in Hampshire.
I wish I had been initiated into the graphic art, that I might have
furnished you with a drawing of that noble structure, the church
there. The antiquity of the building, its bold situation, and the
venerable appearance it bears, must strike the eye of the most
incurious. Strolling, as is my custom, along the churchyard, which
is very spacious, the following curious inscription upon one of the
tombstones engaged my attention :
" We were not slayne, but rays'd ;
Rays'd not to life,
But to be buried t wice
By men of strife.
What rest coul'l th' living have
When dead had none ?
Agree amongst you.
Here we ten are one.
HEN. ROGERS, died April 17, 1614."
It is earnestly requested, if any of your numerous readers and
correspondents can throw any light upon this sui.ject, that they
would favour the world with an explanation.
I could gain no information on the spot. To what can it allude ?
Not to the civil war, for it was not as yet burst forth. The months
of April and May, 1641, were occupied by the disputes between
King Charles and the House of Commons respecting the Earl of
Strafford.
4—2
5 2 Hampshire.
I cannot but imagine but that the whole alludes to religious
differences, and to some denial of what is called Christian burial, or
repose, to some family (for ten are spoken of, although only one
name appears at the bottom, Hen. Rogers), and that it had been the
subject of much discussion and various determination. But I wait
for better information.
The stone on which the above is inscribed is erect, and of the
usual size. The ground before it is perfectly fiat, and bears no mark
of any tumulus. I attribute this to the length of time.
Yours, etc., A. OO.
[1810, Part I., pp. 6, 7.]
In my perambulations through the south-west of Hampshire,
Christchurch could not foil to call my attention. This beautiful
church, in a state of dilapidation, but now about to receive con-
siderable repairs, was too good an object to pass unnoticed ; perhaps
there is not in the kingdom a more beautiful nave, supported by the
Saxon circular arch ; and it the intenJed repair should be conducted
with liberality and consistency, this interesting church will not fail to
become a national characteristic of taste and propriety. . . .
To take away the whole of the pews in Christchurch, to remove
the organ to the west end, and place it on a screen corresponding to
the architecture of the church ; to make good the broken but beautiful
slender shafts, is only (to use a sea-phrase) "to clear decks ready for
action "; after which much remains to be done, and, if done properly,
the church will not only be a credit to the town, but an ornament to
the county — a county in which are to be found more caves than
churches, affording no gratification to the traveller, the antiquary, or
the man of taste.
On a plain marble tablet in the north wall of the chancel is the
following memento to the memory of the worthy vicar's wife :
" Sacred to the memory of Sarah, wife of the Rev. Samuel Clapham, A.M.,
Vicar of this Parish, and of Great Westbourne, Yorkshire, and Rector of Gussage
St. Michael, Dorset, who departed this life Nov. 14, 1807, aged 52 years.
Believing the doctrines, she obser\ed the ordinances, and practised the duties of
Christianity. Go, Reader, and, animated with the view, and supported by the
hope of immortality, 'do thou likewise.'"
T. W.
[1810, Part I., pp. 517-520.]
In order to render the subject of what is contemplated to be done
to this church the more comprehensible to those of your readers who
are unacquainted with this magnificent edifice, I will briefly state
that it was the church of the late Priory ; that it is now nearly in the
same state (the pews excepted) in which it was left at the dissolu-
tion ; and that, in its different parts, it comprehends specimens of
architecture and architectural ornament of vaiious periods, from the
reign of William Rufus to the end of the fifteenth century. It is
Christchurch. 53
built in the form of a cross, and in its exterior length measures about
310 feet.
I had long remarked that under the numerous coats of whitewash,
which during the last two centuries had by degrees covered the whole
interior of the building to the thickness of a coat of plaster, there
were many ornaments entirely concealed from observation. I was
at the trouble myself of clearing a few of these, and was so much
pleased with the result that I requested and obtained leave to
proceed in similar discoveries throughout the whole church. The
Earl of Malmesbury, who is the- lay rector of this parish, besides
aiding me most liberally with a considerable sum of money, per-
mitted me also to take any steps which I might think necessary
with respect to the chancel. A subscription has been entered into,
which in the whole will amount to about ^250. This, I acknow-
ledge, is a small sum to be applied upon so large an edifice as the
church of Christchurch ; but, with a due attention in every respect
to economy, and with the allowance from the parish of a sum equal
to what the whitewashing of the church would cost, I have every
reason to think that it will be sufficient.
My sole object in this undertaking is to restore, as far as lies in
my power, the whole interior of the church and chancel to its
pristine state.
The whitewash is in progress of being scraped off from every part.
The colour which has been adopted in the place of it is laid on very
thin, and is as nearly that of the original stone as piossible.
The porch, with its rich pointed arch, and pillars of Purbeck
marble, and its arched recess for holy water on the right hand of the
entrance, is finished. The nave, the finest, perhaps, of any parish
church in the kingdom, has been cleared, except along the gallery
at the upper part, and will be coloured in the course of the spring.
The zig-zag moulding of the semicircular arches of the nave, as well
as all the hatched work, or triangular indentations, which occupy the
surface of the walls betwixt them and the second story of arches,
have been cleared ot the lime and whitewash with which they were
clogged up. In several parts the hatched work had been actually
plastered over with lime for the purpose of rendering the walls of
uniform surface. In the second story there was a lath and plaster
partition, nearly in tront, that occupied the space betwixt the arches
and short pillars. This space was formerly open, but owing to the
church being rendered thereby extremely cold, it was thus closed up
about twenty-five or thirty years ago. As I could not have obtained
permission entirely to take away these partitions, I removed them
about two feet farther back ; by this means the whole of the three
pillars at the sides are now exposed, and the centre pillar stands
alone. When I was in Exeter in June last I observed that precisely
the same plan had been adopted in the cathedral of that city. The
54 Hampshire.
capitals of the immense Norman piers of the nave have for the most
part been much injured by time, but some of them are yet in good
preservation.
In the south aisle, opposite to the entrance, a Norman window has
been discovered, which had been built up and plastered over on a
level with the wall. The low pillars and semicircular arches, with
billeted moulding, which extend along the wall of this aisle, have
been entirely freed from the lime and whitewash with which all their
ornamental parts were almost concealed. Fragments of similar
arches and pillars, that had in some places been built up with lime
and rubbish, were also found in the south and north transepts. In
the west wall of the south transept there is a round-headed window,
which was before concealed, precisely similar to the one that is
opposite to the entrance.
From the south aisle, passing the screen which separates the
chancel from the body of the church, and which was sadly mutilated
about the year 1790 by the placing of the organ upon it,* I will
enter the eastern part of the church. This is of a much later date
than the rest. In the south-east aisle there are two chantries. The
one at the eastern extremity, which is of the same beautiful stone as
the much celebrated chantry of the Countess of Salisbury in the
chancel, was in the same state as all the other parts of the church.
The stone was, however, so smooth, and all the carved work so
sharp, that after the lime had been cleared away it was as fresh in
nearly every respect as it could have been immediately after it was
finished. Along its upper part is now visible in Gothic characters
the date "ANNO DOMINI MILLESIMO QUINGINTESIMO xxiv°"; and
in two or three places are the initials J. D., for John Draper, the
prior who surrendered the monastery into the hands of Henry VIII.
This chantry has been a subject of great admiration to all who
recollect- it in its former state. It has not been, nor will it be,
coloured.
The other chantry in this aisle is on the north side, and occupies
the space betwixt two of the columns that separate the aisle and the
choir. It was constructed in the year 1525, and bears the name of
Robert Harrye, who, it is supposed, was rector of Shrowton, a living
which belonged to the priory of Christchurch. As this chantry
has neither been whitewashed nor coloured, it will be left without any
attempt at improvement.
The door of the vestry is in the south wall, nearly opposite to the
last-mentioned chantry. Amongst the improvements in this place
have been the opening and glazing of a window in the entrance, and
taking away a modern oak floor, which divided it into an upper and
lower compartment. On the removing of this floor we found against
* I say nothing in this place of the blue and white polygonal gallery in front of
the organ.
Christchurch. 55
the wall a fragment of painting about 2 feet in length and 9 inches
deep, which would seem to represent two people playing at quarter-
staff. It had been preserved by part of a beam of the floor resting
against it In the entrance to the vestry there has formerly been an
altar, and in the wall facing the door there is a double Gothic seat,
which had been built up with lime and rubbish.
The Lady Chapel, or Chapel of St. Mary, which occupies the
space of the extreme east end of the church, behind the high altar,
has had the greatest part of the lime cleared from it. and will probably
be finished in the course of a .month. The two Purbeck marble
altar-tombs in memory of Alice and Thomas de West, ancestors of
the present de la Were family, had, like the other parts of the church,
been whitewashed. The beautilul Gothic work over the altar of this
chapel has been cleaned with great care. The vaulting and the
lantern ornaments, several of which have on their under parts figures
of persons playing on musical instruments, are in an excellent state
of preservation.
Corresponding with Draper's chantry, at the extremity of the
south-east aisle there has evidently been another at the extremity of
the opposite aisle. No parts of it, however, are now left in their
place, except .an elegant piscina or fenestella.* I am strongly of
opinion that several carved stones with which the window in the
entrance to the vestry was found to be blocked up did originally form
part of this chantry.
On the north side of this aisle, and corresponding with the vestry
(on the opposite side of the church), there are two extremely elegant
oratories, which twelve months ago were receptacles only for rubbish.
They have been cleared, the rubbish taken away to the depth of about
two feet, and the windows glazed. Into one of these oratories was
removed in the year 1791 an altar-tomb with a recumbent male or
female figure (belonging to the family of Chidiock in Dorsetshire),
which had before stood in the north transept. The walls and the
pillars have been made good. Unfortunately one of the arches is in
so shattered a state that it cannot be repaired but at a much greater
expense than the present subscription will allow. These oratories
both open into the north transept.
In the choir much remains to be done. Three of the window?,
which are now in a great measure blocked up partly with stone and
partly with lath ahd plaster, will again be opened. The stalls will te
oiled. A new railing will be placed before the high altar, in place of
the heavy red balustrade now there, which would disgrace the work-
manship of the lowest carpenter in the parish. The high altar-screen
. . . will be cleaned with the greatest care. This, unfortunately, has
had upon its original colouring and gilding two or three different
coats of colour, of which the worst to get off are one of dark red and
* There is one precisely similar in Draper's chantry.
56 Hampshire.
the last of white oil paint. As it will not be possible entirely to clear
away the red colour, there will, I fear, be no alternative but in con-
clusion to paint the whole in distemper as nearly of a stone colour as
possible. In various parts of this altar-screen the figures have been
mended by composition. This is chiefly observable in the heads
and faces, and is evidently the work of persons who have lived sub-
sequently to the Reformation.
To your correspondent "S. W.," page 7, who recommends it to the
person who has the superintendence of the alterations in the church
" to take away the whole of the pews, remove the organ to the west
end, and place it on a screen corresponding with the architecture of
the church," after which he says much remains to be done, I have no
farther reply than that the re-pewing of the church (according to
estimates which were given in, in order to see how far that might be
practicable) would alone cost nearly ^1,000. His observations
respecting the yellow wash remind me of a notion that was prevalent
among some of the old women of the parish, that the church was to
be coloured all over French gray with a yellow border.
Yours, etc., WILLIAM BINGLEY.
[1820, Part J.,p. 232.]
Having lately passed through Christchurch, Hants, I visited the
fine old conventual church there, and was extremely gratified by the
great improvements made during the last year in that magnificent
structure, which now resembles a cathedral much more than a
parish church.
A new vaulted roof of stucco, jointed and coloured so as to imitate
stone, has been erected in the nave, after the early Pointed style,
from the designs of William Garbett, Esq., of Winchester, the pro-
portions of which are extremely fine, and the outline peculiarly bold.
The rib-mouldings are a continuation of the springers that remained
of the old stone roof, which the inhabitants have a tradition was
carried in by the fall of the centre tower and spire ; and the bosses
of foliage at the intersection of the ribs are copied from some fine
key-stones in other parts of the church, so that the general effect is
beaudful and antique.
The lengthened perspective from the western door is very fine ;
and since the organ, which is placed on the stone screen at the
entrance of the choir, has been reduced several feet in height at the
centre of the framework, the whole of the groined roof of the choir
is now visible from the west end of the church, and the contrast
afforded between that elaborate and emirhed canopy and the simple
and beautiful groin of the nave is very striking. The Gothic columns
and the mouldings round the windows of the upper or clerestory tier
of arches, as well as the Norman pilasters and columns, etc., of the
nave, have been restored. The fine stone screen under the organ
Christchurch. 57
and the gallery, which unfortunately was placed upon it thirty years
ago, have been cleaned and repaired ; they were both painted of a
bright blue colour. The screen has been scraped and cleaned, and
the gallery painted to imitate dark oak wainscot.
In the choir, which was (excepting the stalls) restored under the
direction of the Rev. Wm. Bingley, A.M., with due care and
attention some years ago, great improvements have now been made.
The fine lace-work carving in wood running round the top of the
stalls, which on the south side was much injured, and on the north
almost destroyed, together with the rich Gothic crockets or finials,
which had been sawn off from the top at some former periorl,
have been replaced. The sub-prior's stall has been removed opposite
the prior's, where it originally stood ; and its canopy, which was much
broken and destroyed, completed in unison with what remained of
the original design. At the back of some of the stalls the carving
had been taken away, and the vacant places filled up with plain
wood; the carvings have now been replaced. The whole of the
stalls, together with the altar, rails, etc., have been cleaned, oiled,
and varnished. A trumpery painting in water-colours over the un-
rivalled stone screen behind the high altar, encompassed with a
salmon-coloured frame, which was placed there some fifty years ago,
has been defaced, and the groundwork of wood coloured the same as
the screen.
Many minor improvements have taken place lately in this in-
teresting building, which reflect the greatest credit on the gentry,
clergy, and churchwardens of this extensive parish.
The expense of ceiling the nave, as the sexton informed me,
amounted to ^800, which was raised by subscription ; and that it
was now in contemplation to ceil the western and ancient tower as
the nave, and to place a flat ceiling on the south transept similar to
that on the north.
In the aisles of the choir and in the Lady Chapel are some fine
chantries, many gravestones of the priors, and tombs of benefactors
to the Conventual Church, and some very fine modern monuments,
particularly one by Flaxman to the memory of Lady Fitzharris, and
another by Chantry.
Yours, etc., VIATOR.
P.S. — The old sacristy, which is now the vestry, presents some
curious specimens of ancient sculpture, particularly a beautiful head
of a female religieuse. Under the transepts are subterraneous
chapels, or crypts.
[1834, Part II., pp. 356-358-]
My publication on the antiquities of Christchurch, which you
referred to as progressing, I have now the satisfaction of stating to
58 Hampshire,
you is completed. In it will be found all that relates to, and which
has guided me in, the renovation of the several portions of the
building. The evidence which is quoted, as justifying the different
features adopted in my design, is perhaps not so explicitly worded in
the title to my drawing as might have been satisfactory to my own
mind ; but as the regulations of the institution demanded concise-
ness of superscription, I endeavoured to avoid being verbose. The
authorities given in my work consist of recorded documents, and
deductions which are clearly warranted by a practical consideration
of the present state of the edifice ; from the deficiencies of the former
our only conclusions can be drawn from the latter, and were this
course more frequently pursued, the investigation would amply repay
the inquirer by developing much that is curious and interesting in
construction, and which loo often is altogether neglected, or con-
sidered of very minor importance. My studies having been par-
ticularly directed to this object (during several tours with my late
respected friend, Mr. Pugin, whose scientific works are too well
known to require my encomiums), I can bear humble testimony to
this description of research, and, impressed with its value, can highly
appreciate the talents of my friend, Mr. Garbett, of Winchester. This
gentleman has kindly favoured me with a communication of great
interest upon the church at Christchurch, whose observations carry
with them almost indisputable evidence of truth, and in the absence
of recorded facts on the various portions to which he refers, may
safely be received as practically correct. With this belief, in con-
nection with such information as I could gle?n from the " Historia
Fundationis Coenobi de Twynham " (given in the Appendix, No. J,
of my work), I have constituted my restoration of the main portions
of the fabric. In reference to the ornamental details, I have
endeavoured to render them suitable to those still existing, and
consonant with the particular date, and other accredited works of the
architect Flanibard. The foregoing observations being intruded on
your notice, I will not occupy more space in your valuable periodical
than the reply to your noti< e requires.
Tradition, then, states that the four main points at the junction of
the nave, choir, and transepts formerly supported a superstructure.
That a tower (and perhaps a spire) formed a part of the intention of
the original founder we can entertain no doubt : so distinguishing a
trait in conventual buildings must have been contemplated in the
priory church of Christchurch, and, indeed, that it was carried into
effect, although subsequently destroyed through some casualty, there
seems abundant proof in the shattered appearances still remaining
near its precincts. In page 81 of my work will be found Mr.
Garbett's inquiry on this subject, with whose conclusion I perfectly
agree. The two lower windows of the tower introduced in my
drawing may yet be traced in the (now) eastern gable of the nave
Christckurch. 59
roof, and also some portions of the staircase turret at the north-west
angle of the tower are still discoverable. On these remains I have
erected my tower and spire, the former in the characteristic style of
Norman towers of that period ; but I have not ventured to place a
stone covering of coeval date, not being aware of any remaining
specimen of purely Norman stone roof or spire of such large
dimensions, should even such have ever been erected. The termina-
tion of turrets cannot aptly be applied to towers of such extent ; I
chose rather to place a wooden spire similar to those by which
Norman towers are now surmounted, if not embellished with an
early Pointed stone spire.*
So many changes have been made in the architecture of this
church since its reconstruction by Flambard, that it is only by the
most careful detection of the original ground plan that we can form
to ourselves the primitive beauty of its arrangements and by com-
paring its ichnography with Flambard's magnificent erections at
Durham judge of the elevations this prelate had intended. The
north transept of Durham Cathedral (the accredited work of Bishop
Flambard, erected after his translation from Christchurch to that
see), not having been subjected to such great innovations as the
transept of Christchurch, affords a fair guide for this object. In my
drawing I have shown a turret on the curious projecting staircase at
the north-east angle of the north transept, considering the present
abrupt termination as effected at the time when the transept gable
and other portions underwent modification. The south transept still
retains a Norman staircase turret, although its upper parts have been
altered in the Tudor times. This transept likewise possesses a
curious Norman apsis, with which the north transept, there can be
little doubt, was once similarly ornamented. Both the turret and
apsis I have restored in my drawing, considering that proofs remain
of their former existence. We find the transepts of Durham also
flanked by decorative turrets.
The Lady Chapel is the next part of my drawing, in which will be
seen a great variation from the present building. That the upper
story, called St. Michael's Loft, was an addition of after times, forming
no part of the original design, I had long entertained the strongest
belief from its incongruity of design ; but the recent examinations by
Mr. Garbett has further corroborated this fact. His words I here
add:
" The Lady Chapel with its two wings, now forming the eastern
continuation of the choir aisles, "were unquestionably built previous
to the erection of the present choir and its aisles, which is rendered
evident, not only by the junction of the masonry, but by the window,
* The tower of the little church at Than, in Normandy, is perhaps the most re-
markable instance of the primitive Norman stone roofs, whence arose the elegant
pointed spires.
60 Hampshire,
or rather doorway, discoverable in what was the west wall of the
Lady Chapel, in a situation now between the vaulted ceiling of that
edifice and the floor of St. Michael's Loft ; and it is further evident
that the present choir building must have been erected previous to
St. Michael's Loft, inasmuch as it is found that a continuation of the
height of the wall last mentioned formed, upon the rebuilding of the
choir, the eastern wall of that part of the church, in which wall
another window or doorway is found between the vaulted ceiling and
roof. Now, to connect this theory of the progress of the structure,
we must observe that the facing of the part of the wall first
mentioned is towards the west, and that of the second part is
towards the east, forming an outward face before the additional
story was raised upon the Lady Chapel to be dedicated to St.
Michael."
It will be seen also in my drawing that the choir aisles terminate
on a line with the eastern wall of the choir. The complete and
elegant finish of the Lady Chapel both within and without are
convincing proofs that it originally stood unencumbered ; the stair-
cases and loft, as well as the eastern compartment of the choir
aisles, being evidently subsequent adjuncts. From this singular
arrangement, it will be obvious that no communication could
previously have existed between the Lady Chapel and choir aisles, as
the two eastern compartments of the choir aisles abutting against the
Lady Chapel must have constituted at any time the only connection
between the two. This leads me to offer an opinion with great
diffidence that, previous to this alteration, the communication from
the choir to the Lady Chapel was through the ancient crypt here
situated, the singular construction of which wouM favour such a
belief ; it is flanked on the east, north, and south sides by strongly-
moulded arches, under which, by flights of steps, as at Wimborne
Minster, a communication to and through the crypt into the Lady
Chapel might have been effected. The Crypt has also traces of some
architectural embellishment, probably made at the period when the
Lady Chapel was built ; but its appearance is so completely disguised
by the introduction of modern works as to render the full inquiry
into this matter attended with much difficulty.
Your comments on the western towers shown in my drawing lead
to my final observation. In the consideration of these important
appendages I have had very few local remains for my guidance ; my
inference has been drawn from the position of an ancient staircase, of
which appearances are visible at the west end of the south aisle 01"
the nave, and accompanied with an external projection, which could
only have been built with a view to some prominent feature of
design. Connecting this with the bold and beautiful arrangement
of the nave, so singularly Norman in its combination, I entertain no
doubt but that Flambard proposed the erection of two western
Christchurch. 6 1
towers, according to the prevailing fashion of his country, and so
generally followed in Britain.
In respect to their "size and form," I can only state that their
breadth is regulated by the dimensions of the aisles, and their height
suited to the nature of their design. In the north transept of Durham
will be seen a staircase turret, almost as large as one of the towers in
question, and the gradation from the square basement to the octagonal
shape elegantly warranted ; this may perhaps be considered a favour-
able authority, as being sanctioned by the style of Flambard. The
tower of Tamerville, in Normandy, affords additional evidence of the
octangular form adapted to towers as well as turrets. Both these
instances, I submit, may be cited as sufficient precedents for the
combination I have assumed. Should these remarks prove sufficient
to exonerate me from the charge of inapplicability, I shall be satisfied,
presuming you will allow me that latitude of design which is needed,
in the presumed restoration of an ancient edifice. Apologizing for
this lengthened communication,
I am, yours, etc., BENJAMIN FERREY.
[1848, Part I., pp. 183, 184.]
The anticipated removal of the rood-screen in this beautiful church
has caused the committee of the Archaeological Institute to publish the
following reasons for its preservation : I. Because the amount of
space of nave and transept left to the congregation is more than
sufficient at present ; and the removal of the rood-screen, and the
conversion of the nave and choir into one large auditorium would be
practically inconvenient, inasmuch as the clergyman, who is now
imperfectly heard, would be wholly inaudible to many of the congre-
gation. 2. Because the church shows the most perfect arrangement
of a conventual building extant, being complete in its nave, aisle,
transepts, chancel, Lady Chapel, sacristy, chantry, chapels, and
reredos, which remain undisturbed in their ancient proportions ;
further, that the rood-screen exhibits, even in its shattered state, the
remains of certainly the most beautiful rood-screen of the time of
Edward III. in this country ; its double tier of niches being chaste in
design, and of a bold and masterly execution. 3. That the removal
of this screen must necessarily disturb the stalls of the choir, with the
peculiar arrangement of seats for prior, sub-prior, and the brethren,
besides rendering too conspicuous the unequal widths of the nave and
choir, the awkwardness of which is at present skilfully concealed and
overcome by the position of the screen, which now separates the nave
and the chancel. 4. That the conversion of so large a measure of the
building into one area was never contemplated by the builders of the
church ; that the stalls, the high altar-screen, with its unrivalled
genealogical representation of Jesse, and the Salisbury chantry, are
objects seen to the best advantage from a moderate distance ; that
6a Hampshire.
their effect is the best when the choir is entered from the door of the
rood-screen ; if viewed from the west end, their details would be
altogether confused and lost. The Earl of Malmesbury, the chair-
man of the local committee, has replied to these reasons seriatim, but
announces a determination to adhere to the plan proposed.
[1860, Part I., p. 277.]
A curious discovery was recently made at Christchurch by Mr.,
Ferrey. Over the apsidal chapel in the south transept is a similar
chapel in the story above ; but over the two Decorated chapels of the
north transept is an oblong chamber with windows, which were never
glazed, but were closed by shutters. It was called ''Oliver Cromwell's
saddle-room," and certain holes were shown in the plaster on the
west wall which were said to mark the places where the Ironsides
fixed pegs to hold their horses' bridles, etc. As every Jacobean
building is attributed locally to Inigo Jones, so all dilapidations of
remote times are set down to " Old Noll." But no Roundhead did
harm to Christchurch. On opening the shutters and admitting a
strong light, the plaster displayed the perfect plan of a Decorated
window, punctured and outlined ; on a careful measurement of an
empty window-case at the east end of the south aisle of the nave, the
dimensions of tracery, lights, and mullions were found to correspond
identically. This window is now being filled in accordance with this
original design. This room probably was appropriated to the master
of the fabric. To the south of the south transept were the refectory
and kitchen. But on the west side of the north transept were the
so-called " Castellan's rooms." With that perfect Norman house by
the side of the Avon, and the keep on the mound adjoining, the
castellan would not require apartments built on the side of a church.
There were steps and a door leading to them out of the north aisle of
the nave ; is it not more probable that they formed perhaps a sacristy
below, and a library or muniment-chamber above ?
I am, etc., MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
P.S. — A good Early English door, that used by the prior in enter-
ing from the cloister, has been discovered within the last fortnight in
the easternmost bay of the south nave aisle.
Easton.
[1774. /• 124-]
In the chancel of the church of Easton, near Winchester, is this
remarkable epitaph :
"Agatha Barlow, widow (daughter of Humphrey Welsborne), wife of William
Barlow, Bishop of Chichester (who departed this life the thirteenth of August,
anno Domini 1568, and lieth buried in the cathedral church of Chichester), by
whom she had seven children, that came unto men and women's state, two sons
and live daughters. The sons William and John : the daughters, Margaret, wife
of William Overtoil, Bishop of Cov«ntrie and Litchfield ; Ann, wife unto Herbert
Easton. 63
Westfayling, Bishop of Hereford ; Elizabeth died anno , wife unto William
Day, now Bishop of Winchester ; Frances, wife unto Toby Matthew, Bishop of
Durham ; Antonine, late wife unto William Wickham, deceased, Bishop of Win-
chester. She being a woman, godly, wise, and discreet from her youth, most
faithful unto her husband both in prosperitie and adversitie, and a companion with
him in banishment for the Gospel sake, most kind and loving unto all her children,
and dearly beloved of them all ; for her ability, of a liberal mind and pitiful unto
the poor, she having lived about LXXXX, died in the Lord, whom she daily served,
the Ijth of June, anno Domini 1595, in the house of her sonne, being parson of
this church, and prebendary of Winchester. Rogatu et sumptibus filiae dilectae
Francissae Matthew. 1595. The righteous shall be had in everlasting remem-
brance."
East Meon.
[1819, Pan ii., pp. 298-301.]
The village of East Meon, Hants, is of high antiquity, situated at
the foot of a lofty and stupendous hill, at the side extremity of a
valley, interspersed with rich meadows, numerous woodlands, and
extensive downs. Though we possess no authentic resources from
which we may learn its state in the time of the Saxons, yet it seems
pretty generally acknowledged,* that even at this early period, the
very large and extensive parish to which it gives a name, with the
addition of a fine tract of land to the south-west, was considered of
some importance.
When the Saxon power was superseded by that of the Normans,
this parish appears to have engaged the particular attention of
Walkelyn, the Conqueror's cousin ; and this circumstance may
perhaps be accounted for by the intimate connection subsisting
between the parish and the opulent see of Winchester.! However
this may be, it is a fact well authenticated, this enterprising prelate
evinced his liberality and taste by erecting the present church in a
style of elegance, which, after a lapse of seven centuries, will not fail
to command universal admiration.
This structure is built in the form of a cross, and consists of nave,
chancel, south aisle, and transepts, with a tower at the intersection.
The interior length of the church is 108 feet, and the breadth of the
nave and south aisle 36 feet. At the west front of the building the
attention of the stranger will be arrested by an original doorway,
which presents us with a fine specimen of the Norman arch, elegantly
ornamented with chevron and billeted moulding, supported by
clustered columns. This doorway was formerly intercepted from view
by a small, mean-looking porch, which within the last few years has
been pulled down and entirely removed. At the same end of the
church is a beautiful window in the Pointed style, the tracery of
which is exquisite, elegantly surmounted by a quatrefoil.
* Bede, " Ecc. Hist.," lib. iv., c. 13.
t From time immemorial the Bishops of Winchester have been the patrons of
the living. The customary tenants hold their lands by virtue of a " fine certain,"
and no tenant forfeits his estate except in case of felony or treason.
64 Hampshire.
On entering the church, the first object in the nave worthy of
notice is the stone pulpit, a curiosity of which few churches can
boast. It is apparently of excellent workmanship, but sorely dis-
figured by an execrable crust of thick whitewash. The front and
sides are divided into several compartments; and from the arches
and panel-work it contains, the execution of the whole may perhaps
be assigned to the reign of Henry VII. On the north side of the
body of the church is an original lancet-shaped window. A little
more to the east the eye is disgusted at seeing the thick and almost
impenetrable wall of the building broken through and disgraced by
the introduction of a modern square light.
The strong, massive tower, by far the noblest ornament of the
church, stands on four semicircular arches, supported by columns or
pilasters, the capitals of which are ornamented with plain upright
leaves. Like the area in the Church of St. Michael's, Southampton,
so ably described by that eminent antiquary, Sir Henry C. Engle-
field, it forms a sort of vestibule to the chancel, and is open to the
south transept, but separated from the north door by a modern wall,
through which is a small doorway similar in design and execution to
its neighbour the square window, before described.
The north transept is now used as a Sunday and day school for the
neighbourhood. I was much gratified to learn that on Sundays no
less than 160 children are collected in this room for religious
instruction — a considerable number, when it is recollected that the
neighbouring tunings or hamlets, from which many of the children
come, are, some of them at least, three or four miles from church.
It cannot but be a matter of regret, that when this room was first
devoted to the purpose of instruction, it was not done with more
taste and care. The present deal floor is raised six or seven feet from
the ground, and a communication is made with the church by means
of a narrow staircase. The east window has made way for a door,
and the place of the north door is now occupied by a chimney.
Underneath the above-mentioned deal floor is a dark room, in which
fuel is kept for the use of the school. . . .
In the chancel are tablets or monuments, erected to the memory
of the ancient family of Dickens, formerly of Riplington in this parish,
but now merged in distant branches, and nearly extinct.
I copy the following inscriptions, as worthy of insertion in your
Miscellany :
" M. S. Francisci Dickin Armr, qui multis domi tnilitiseq ; pro Rege ac Patria,
labori's exhaustus, hie tandem requievit. Et Magdalenae Uxoris ejus, quae conjugi
plures annos superstes, nic ipsa morte divellanda comes, non alios voluit inter
cinercs jacere.
"M. S. Francisci Dickins de Ripplington, LL.D., amiqua familia ortus,
antiquis ipse moribus, apud Cantabrigienses in aula S. S. Trinitatis Juri Civili
East Meon. 6s
incumbens a diva Anna ad Cathfdram Professoriam evictus est ; quam summa
cum laude quadraginla per annos implevit. In praelertionibus a&siduus, facundus,
doctus; in disputationibusdulcissed utilis ; illustri.ssimam Academiam iilustriorem
red<lidit. Dei cultor baud infrequens ; homine* onini charitate complexus ; inter
amicos verax, candidus, festivus ; parcus sibi, pauperihus dives, obijt ccelcbs, non
sine maximo bonorum omnium luctu, A.I). 1755, retat. 78. Hoc grati animi
testimonium optimo Patruo poui curavit AMBROSIUS DICKINS, Arniig.'
" M. S. Rtverendi Via Joarnis Downes, A. M. hujus Eccloias novissimi
vicarij ; viri plane bimplicis et innocui, in lilens tam sacris quam profanis minime
hospitis ; denique ad omne bonum opus semper prompt! et parati, qui apud vicinas
axles, brevi hujusce vitse stadio decurso, ubi natus ihi dcnauis, heic tandem inter
patrios cineres reponit suos utrosque rcsuscitandos securus. Diem obijt supremum
15 Januarij, 1732, anati.s 50. Marm. Downts, S. T. B. coll. D. Joann'. apud Cant.
soc. defuncti frater germanus, natu minimus, saxum hoc, amoris ergo poni voluit."
" M. S. Quondam Richardi jacet hie Joanna Dunsei nunc Salvatoris sponsa
futura sui. Abiit Sept. 3, 1659, ce-atis 40.
From the extreme dampness of the walls in the chancel, it has been
deemed necessary to interline the wall within the rails of the altar
with a panelling of oak. . . .
Passing under an elegant Pointed arch, we enter the east end of
the south aisle, which, till furnished with a more suitable appellation,
I shall designate our Lady's Chapel. Here, doubtless, stood the
prothesis, or side-altar, the remains of which are perhaps still visible
in the present old table, which has occupied its station under the
eastern window from time immemorial. Two steps, extending the
whole breadth of the chapel, and leading up to the altar, still remain ;
as does also a projection in the wall, somewhat in the form of a
cornice, on which was formerly placed the basin containing the holy
water. Here in two miserable boxes, on the top of one of which is
painted memento mori, the archives of the Church are preserved.
The south transept is of the same size with the north transept, and
measures within the walls 25 feet in length, and 17 in breadth. It is
lighted by an acute-angled window, similar to one in the nave. Here
is the burying-place of the highly-respectable family of the Eyles's.
To the memory of different branches of this family five mural
monuments are erected, the simple elegance of which will secure
attention.
On a small tablet of Sussex marble, on the west side of the transept,
is the following inscription, which, from its simplicity, I take the
liberty of inserting :
" HEARE LYETH THE BODY OF RICHARD SMYTHKR, \VHO DEPARTED THIS
LIFE IN HOPE OF A BETTER, MARCH Ye 1 6, 1633.''
The communication of the south transept with our Lady's Chapel
on the east and the aisle on the west, is made by the segment of a
circle, which appears to have been broken in each of the walls, when
the addition hereafter to be mentioned was made to the church.
Passing under one of these segments, we enter the aisle, by far the
VOL. xvn. 5
66 Hampshire.
most disgraceful part of the edifice. At the west end, near the steps
leading into the organ-gallery, is another wood-house, which, since no
fires are kept in the church, appears to be altogether superfluous. At
the opposite end of the aisle is a rude and unsightly gallery, the
workmanship of which would disgrace the most ignorant village
mechanic. Ascending the steps of this gallery, we observe in the
south wall two oblong narrow windows, placed together after the
manner of the latter end of the twelfth reiitury, when the Pointed
arch was as yet scaicely known. "This disposition ot lights," as the
learned antiquary of Winchester observes, " occasioned a dead space
between their heads ;" doubtless the village Nestors nad just discern-
ment sufficient to mark the defect ; and conceiving it would add to
the beauty of this part of the church as well as increase the reflection
of light into the gallery, determined to fill up the space between the
heads of the offending windows by the introduction of a trefoil or a
(juatrefoil. But, unfortunately, the man employed to make the pro-
jected improvement was not possessed of the sapience of his
employers ; and instead of introducing either of the above-mentioned
ornaments, actually perforated a hole in the wall, neither square,
round, nor oval ; and without the least addition of moulding or
tracery, finished his undertaking by placing in the aperture one solitary
piece of glass !
When this gallery, commonly called the Oxenborne Gallery, was
erected, I have had no means of ascertaining. In the tithing of Oxen-
borne formerly stood a chapel belonging to this parish. Not the
least vestige, however, now remains. The plough has repeatedly
passed over the place where once stood the sacred fane dedicated to
St. Nicholas. It is probable that at the demolition of this chapel the
people resident in the tithing might be compensated by being
allowed to erect the gal:ery in question. It appeared necessary that
a place should be provided for this part of the parishioners; but the
only subject of deliberation appears to have been in what manner the
church could be most effectually disfigured. This question was
fully answered in the event. This assertion I shall exemplify by
stating that the gallery, occupying the span of one arch only, fronts
the pulpit, and looks into the nave of the church. In this con-
spicuous situation it might reasonably have been expected that some
regard would have been paid to decency, if not to neatness. But alas !
neither neatness nor decency was taken into consideration. Ex-
clusive of the extreme clumsiness of the workmanship, an addition is
made which is, in the strictest sense of the word, intolerable. Over
the column on which part of the gallery rests stands a pew, some-
thing like an opera-box, which, suspended by a single rafter, projects
into the nave and overhangs the pews below, much to the terror of
the alarmed spectator.
The whole of the exterior of fhe nave, transepts and aisle has
East Meon. 67
been besmeared with a sort of yellow wash, and it was by mere
accident that the tower, the original work of Walkelyn, was saved from
a similar fate. Like the generality of such buildings in Hampshire,
this edifice is composed chiefly of hard mortar and small flints. The
above-mentioned tower, however, is built with a durable stone,
scarcely affected by the destructive hand of time. It is perfectly
square, and measures on the outside 24 feet. It rises square above
the roof of the nave upwaids of 20 (eet, and is surmounted by a
spire, which, whatever may be said as to its propriety or impropriety,
certainly adds to the effect of the sunounding scenery, and con-
stitutes an interesting and pleasing object. Though by no means to
be compared in magnitude to the massive tower at Winchester, it is
not saying too much to affirm that it is equal in workmanship and
superior in design. Its treble circular arches, its numerous chevron
and billeted mouldings, the capitals and ornaments of its columns,
together with the modest magnificence of its outline and structure,
are conclusive evidence of its antiquity.
The churchyard of this parish is uncommonly spacious ; and from
its extent, and from the fineness of its mould, seems peculiarly
Suited to the mournful purposes to which it is devoted. It is kept
tolerably free from nuisances, and abustd only by one footpath. It
still retains its ancient appellation of Liten. At the west end of this
cemetery is an elegant marble tomb, erected to perpetuate the
memories of the different branches of the ancient family of the
Bonhams of this county. Yours, etc., J. D.
Eling.
[\%M, Part I., p. 338.]
In your July number Vicarius solicited information on Privy
Tithes. I beg to state that at Eling, in the New Forest, Hants, the
living is a vicarage, embracing an extent of about 28,000 acres of land,
and it is an almost universal practice with the farmers there to pay
the vicar a stipulated sum per acre in lieu of his taking the tithes in
kind ; this is called settling the Privy Tithe, and each person who so
compounds is assessed in the poor-rate book, in addition to the land
he occupies, a proporticnate charge according to value for the Privy
Tithes, and, if the vicar takes the tithe in kind, he then is assessed
to the poor for such Privy Tithe. I am not able to inform your
correspondent as to the origin of the term, but it appears in records
at Eling of old date. I am not aware of its being in use in any of
the adjoining parishes, neither did I ever hear of it elsewhere until
noticed by Vicarius. P. Q.
[1865, Fart II., pp. 93, 94.]
Some years ago I visited the church of St. Mary, Eling, Hamp-
shire. It consists of a nave with aisles and a chancel with north and
5 -
68 Hampshire.
south chapel?, mostly of the Decorated period. I particularly
noticed a Decorated window at the east end of the south chapel, and
subsequently found it engraved in Rickman's " Gothic Architecture,"
edited by Mr. J. H. Paiker. Across the nave was a large beam.
There was a south porch, evidently the principal entrance, for the
west end of the church almost aliuts on the road cutting through the
hill on which the church stands. Opposite this porch, against a
pillar, stood a Norman font with semicircular arcadmg. Connected
with the church are t«o traditions, one that the founders intended to
erect it on Houndsdown Hill, but the materials were removed
supernaturally every night to Eling Hill, and the other that the beam,
being too short, was miraculously lengthened during the building.
Some of my own relations are buried in the north chapel, where their
gravestones were visible, and others had been baptized in the font
You may imagine that the church had something more than
antiquarian interest for me.
Two years ago I heard the church had been restored by Mr.
Ferrey, and felt no alarm, thinking it was in the hands of o;:e who
would preserve and not destroy objects of interest ; but I was
grievously disappointed. 1 found on my visit that the east window
of the south chr.pel had disappeared, and a poor copy substituted ; that
the font had gone entirely, and a wretched sprawling modern font in
what might be called the Norman st> le placed near the west door. The
old font and the east window with little expense might have been
properly restored. A new south porch of stone, a photograph of
which I send you, has been erected, utterly in defiance of the local
character of the architecture of the county. It is true that the
removal of the pews has been effected, hut the whole of the floor,
gravestones included, is covered with Minton's tiles. In fact, the
church has a remaikubly neat, fresh appearance, anything but
pleasing to the eye of the antiquary.
I may mention that a parishioner informed me that from the large
beam a curtain-pole has been made for the vicar's dining-room, and
that the roof timbers, supposed to be rotten, were sound when taken
down, while the new roof already shows symptoms of decay.
I have thus given you another lamentable instance of so-called re-
storation, which you will see is in reality absolute destruction, and it
is high time lor all who care for the works of our forefathers to protest
against and discourage by all means in their power any restoration
which is not essentially conservative and confined to the preservation
of the fabric and its accessories, except the removal of such modern
excrescences as high pews and other relics of Puritanism. Architects
are too fond of leaving the individual impress of their own ideas on
our ancient buildings. I am, etc., W. WARWICK KING.
Eling. 69
[1865, Part II., pp. 210-212.]
In the last number of the Gentleman's Magazine there appeared a
letter referring to this church, which urgently requires notice ; but,
before meeting the charges made by Mr. Warwick King reflecting
upon me, I may, I trust, confidently appeal to your knowledge of old
buildings on which I have been engaged in support of my assertion,
that in no instance have I ever wantonly mutilated or destroyed any
architectural object of historic interest, but on the contrary have
exercised all the influence I possessed to protect and preserve ancient
remains of any kind with which I have had to deal in my pro-
fessional capacity. I now come to Mr. King's assertion, and in
reply have to observe that the east window of the south aisle of
Eling Church could not have been properly restored, or it would have
been retained ; it was decayed beyond any power of preservation, and
the dangerous condition of the east wall made it absolutely necessary
that it should be rebuilt. The new window is not a " poor copy,"
but a faithful repetition of the original. Nothing would have given
me more satisfaction than to have preserved the fragments of the old
font, but it was impossible ; fortunately portions of the base were
found close by, and the under-side of the bowl, when examined,
showed the capitals and sinkings of the four pillars on which it had
formerly stood. The '' wretched, sprawling font " is a true represen-
tation of the old one, both in form and size, as sketches and
measurements in my possession can prove. The statement regarding
the roof of the nave is simply an untruth. The walls of the arcade
were loaded with rough, heavy beams, unbarked, not joined to the
wall-plates, or connected with any other timbers whatever. They
were placed most irregularly, and (timber being plentiful in the Forest)
I have no doubt they were put as temporary ties, and permitted to
remain after their use had ceased. These useless and unsightly
timbers were taken down, and the oak pulpit and chancel seats
made of their materials ; only a few rafters, completely eaten away by
sap-rot, were removed, and others substituted. Beyond these slight
renewals every part of the old roof remains, the framing being laid
open to view and cleared of whitewash, etc. I took special care that
not a piece of timber should be taken out which couid be saved.
The roof of the north aisle remains untouched, rough as it i<=,
because its condition was tolerably sound. The remark, therefore,
that the roof-timbers, supposed to be rotten, " were sound when taken
down, while the new roof already shows symptoms of decay," is a
gross falsehood. As to the observations upon the architectural
character of the new south aisle supplying the place of the previous
modern structure, they may be taken for what they are worth.
Now let me describe the condition of the church before the altera-
tions. The nave arcade, aisles, and west end were blocked up with
the most hideous galleries, filled with seats like rabbit-hutches, and
•jo Hampshire.
of every conceivable shape ; they completely hid the capitals of the
arches ; and the south gallery was thrusting out the south wall. The
area of the nave and chancel was equally disfigured. These ex-
crescences have all been swept away, and the interesting features of
the nave arcade, with several beautiful Transitional capitals, brought
to view. The noble chancel-arch (formerly cut across by a modern
chancel ceiling) is now completely free ; and here I would remark
that there can be little doubt that this arch was removed from some
larger building (perhaps Beaulieu), and inserted here ; for parts of
the moulded jambs are embedded in the walls, and the courses o
masonry have no tie with the surrounding work.
On taking down a large modern monument on the north side of
the chancel, the respond stones and capitals of the archway (de-
stroyed and filled in to receive the monument) were found packed
in as walling-stone. These were all replaced in their original places,
the base and some portions of the jamb showing from whence they
bad been torn away, and an arch corresponding to some existing
voussoirs formed, instead of the plaster elliptical abortion of modern
times.
By far the most valuable portion of the whole church, however, is
the rude Romanesque, arch at the east end of the north aisle of the
nave. This probably was a part of the Saxon church ; its simple
form and characteristic masonry prove it to be of very early date,
and may be taken as a further confirmation of the opinion offered
by Mr. Wise in his work upon the " New Forest," that William
Rufus was not guilty of the entire destruction of churches tradi-
tionally attributed to him ; indeed, many of the neighbouring churches
still retain portions of undoubted early work.
On removing some of the earth in front of the communion-steps
several interesting memorial brasses were found, which had been
rammed in with the rubbish at a former time. These I need not
say have been rescued and preserved. If Mr. King, instead of pick-
ing up statements from " a parishioner who informed me," had
applied to the Vicar for particulars of the late alterations, he would
have avoided the misstatements he has made. It is very easy to
make random accusations, and wind up with the usual denunciations,
but gentlemen should at least be correct in their facts before indulging
in such strictures at others' expense.
In building the new aisle to this church no destruction of any
ancient work has taken place unnecessarily, but simply the removal
of such " modern excrescences as high pews " ; certainly had there
been other "relics of Puritanism" they would have been regarded
by me with some respect. Mr. King, burning with antiquarian zeal,
would doubtless sweep away all traces of the Puritan age in the
chapel attached to Littlecote Hall, Langley Church, Long Melford
and others, so much for his conservative declaration.
I am, etc., BKXJ. FKRREY, F.S.A.
Eling. 7 1
[1865, PaH II., pp. 494, 49S-]
Mr. Ferrey, in reply to my strictures upon his restoration of Eling
Church, begins by appealing to you in support of his assertion that
in no instance had he ever wantonly mutilated or destroyed any
architectural object of historic interest ; but how far this is borne
out by his own statement I will proceed to show. Having known
Eling Church for many years, I affirm that it is erroneous to say that
the east window of the south chapel was decayed beyond the power
of preservation ; and I cannot admit that the necessity for rebuilding
the wall affords any additional rea-on for the destruction of the
window, an act which I confidently say w,is needless. With respect
to the font, does Mr. Ferrey intend to imply that it was actually in
fragments ? If so, how could it have been used so recently ?
Surely these " fragments " could have been restored, and any missing
piect-s replaced by new ones. Again, why was the font moved from
its situation, which I showed in my last letter was both original and
appropriate ?
To his own sketches and measurements Mr. Ferrey appeals in
proof of the new font and window being exact reproductions of the
old. Probably his intentions were good ; but I object to the way in
which they are carried out, and I adhere to the opinion formerly
expressed.
No doubt the contractor may be to blame for this, as he would
find it much easier to make a new font and window than to repair
the old ones. He would know that if he destroyed the old work
there would be no evidence for comparison with the slovenly execu-
tion of the new.
Mr. Ferrey's argument amounts to this, that a new copy of an old
font or window is quite equal to the original in interest and execu-
tion. Imitation of course is possible, reproduction is impossible.
You cannot infuse the spirit of the original into the copy. The
statue may be an admirable copy of the work of Phidias, but the
hand and mind of Phidias are not there, and the critic knows it is
not the work of the master. But the distinction between the work
of Mr. Ferrey and the original is too broad to be mistaken even by
an uneducated eye.
A singular remark must not be passed over. Mr. Ferrey says that
timber is plentiful in the Forest : I should have imagined that this
would have suggested a wooden porch, but perhaps its construction
would have been loo much trouble for the architect to design and
the contractor to carry out.
I am glad to find that my informant was in error respecting the
roof, and regret having made this a subject of remark.
Mr. Ferrey takes great credit for having brought the church to its
present condition, but any builder, for aught I can see, might have
done what he did.
72 Hampshire.
I did not defend the galleries or pews, and Mr. Ferrey in his glow-
ing description of his work evidently intends to raise a cloud of dust
through which he may escape censure.
As to the destruction of the great beam, the fact that an ancient
relic is unsightly to modern eyes is no reason why an architect should
order its removal, especially when it had a curious traditional legend
(whatever its worth) attached to it.
Upon the burial of the gravestones Mr1. Ferrey preserves a judicious
silence. He knows that the statement is true, and he knows, too,
perhaps, that it is indefensible. Some time ago the Society of
Antiquaries proposed the collection of the monumental inscriptions
from every church in England, and now, mirabile dictu ! there is a
member of its Council who covers them over with a new pavement,
thus effectually frustrating the object of the Society of which he is a
conspicuous and governing officer. It is questionable whether a
faculty for such an act was granted, and, if it were, whether it would
stand. The churchwardens may yet be open to legal proceedings
consequent upon allowing an architect and F.S.A. to make the
floor neat by the interment of sepulchral slabs.
I am, etc., W. WARWICK. KING.
[1865, Part II., p. 538.]
I am glad to find tliat Mr. Warwick King acknowledges his great
mistake about the ancient roof of Eling Church ; it certainly is
somewhat surprising that so apparently acute an observer, " having
knffU'n Eling Church for many years" should not see the difference
between an old worm-eaten timber roof and a modern one. Let me
assure him that he is equally wrong about the old font : not a particle
of "some circular arcading" ever belonged to it. As Mr. King,
however, has chosen to tell me that I am not competent to judge of
the fitness of old materials to be built up again (after the description
I gave of their condition in my former letters), I decline to take any
further notice of his remarks, and can only regret that because he
has felt annoyed at the concealment (not destruction) of one or two
comparatively n:odern gravestones, occasioned by the altered arrange-
ment of the seating, he should think it becoming to assail me in the
manner he has done. I arn quite content that your readers should
form their judgments upon the respective statements, and I have no
doubt they will easily perceive with whom "the want of knowledge"
principally rests.
I am, etc., BENJAMIN FERREY.
[1865, Pa"t I I., p. 666.]
Had Mr. Ferrey read my letter with attention he would have seen
that I did not say I examined the roof.
Mr. Ferrey says that I stated erroneously that the old font had
"circular" arcading; my expression was "semicircular" arcading.
Eiing. 73
In your August number he alleges the new font to be "a true repre-
sentation of the old one." I send you a full-sized elevation of one
side of the new font, and also a sketch, both showing an arcading, by
which the correctness of my statement is demonstrated. I said that
the gravestones were covered with Minion's tiles, not "destroyed,"
and to say that this was rendered^ necessary by the new arrangement
of the seating is a mere subterfuge. The slabs are not so modern as
Mr. Ferrey would have you to believe, and even if they were, his
covering them cannot be justified.
I am, etc., W. WARWICK. KING.
Ellingham.
[1828, Fart II., f p. 17, 18.]
The accompanying view of Moyles Court, in the parish of Elling-
ham, near Ringwood, in Hampshire (for nearly two centuries the resi-
dence of the Lisle family), is taken from a painting done about
fifteen years ago, in the lifetime of the late Charles Lisle, Esq. (the
last male of that branch), who died in 1818 ; since which the house
has been sold to Henry Baring, Esq., of Somerly, the present
possessor, who has taken down great part of the building, leaving
only sufficient to serve as a habitation for the farmer renting the
estate (see Plate II.).
It was here that an event took place, which is recorded in all our
histories of James II., namely, the harbouring of two of the adherents
of the unfortunate Mcnmouth by one of the Lisle family — Alicia, or
Alice, the wife of John Lisle, a severe republican, who sat as one of
the judges at the trial of Charles I., and was in such favour with
Cromwell as to be promoted to the office of Commissioner of the
Great Seal and to a seat in the Upper House of Parliament ; hence
the title of lady, or dame, given to his wife. Upon the restoration
he went in exile to Switzerland, where he was assassinated in open
day ; and, it is said, by, or at the instigation of, some of his own
countrymen. The wife, who by no means approved of her husband's
political principles, lived in retirement at Moyles Court, where she
received Mr. John Hicks, a Nonconformist Minister, and his com-
panion, named Nelthorpe. A military party, under the command of
a son of the loyal Colonel Penruddocke, having traced these men to
Moyles Court, secured them, together with the Lady Lisle. The
latter was conducted to Winchester, where she was tried on a charge
of high treason before the infamous Judge Jefferies, then on the
Western Circuit, holding what was termed the "bloody assize.1'
His conduct on this occasion corresponded with his general
character.
The proceedings on the trial, which was held on August 27, 1685,
afford a shocking display of scurrility and violence, cloaked with a
pretended zeal for truth, and hypocritical appeals to the Majesty of
74 Hampshire.
Heaven, delivered in a style of solemn blasphemy. Lady Lisle em-
ployed no counsel. Her defence was artless : simply stating the
truth of the case, that she had given an asylum to Mr. Hicks* as a
persecuted minister, without suspicion of his having been concerned
with Monmouth ; and had received Nelthorpe as Hicks's friend, not
even knowing his name. She represented the improbability of her
risking her own life and the ruin of her family in harbouring known
traitors ; and proved that she had always instilled principles of loyalty
into her son by his having actually borne arms against Monmouth.
Jefferies gave the jury a very partial charge ; notwithstanding which,
they were so little satisfied with the evidence as to incline to acquit
the prisoner. The judge, enraged, sent them to reconsider the
matter ; until at length, intimidated by his ferocity, they returned a
verdict of guilty. The next morning sentence was passed that she
should be burned in the afternoon. However, at the intercession of
some clergymen of Winchester, a few days' reprieve was obtained, and
her life was asked of the King by Royalists who had lound in her
a friend and well affected to their cause, but in vain ! James told
the Earl of Feversham, when he applied to the King, that he had
promised Jefferies he would not pardon her. All the mercy that was
extended to her was an alteration of the sentence from burning to
beheading. On September 2 the venerable victim, then about
seventy years old, was brought to the scaffold, where she resigned her
life with Christian fortitude. Just before her execution she gave a
paper to the Sheriff, expressing her sentiments, in which she declares
herself a Protestant, deprecates the return of Popery as a judgment,
vindicates her character, forgives her enemies, and prepares to die
in the expectation of " pardon and acceptance with God by the im-
puted righteousness of Jesus Christ." She was buried in Ellingham
churchyard, as appears by the inscription noticed below.
Among the earliest acts of William and Mary was one for annulling
and making void the conviction and attainder of this injured lady
(granted upon the petition of two of her daughters, Tryphena, the
wife of Richard Llo\d, and Bridget, the wife of - - Usher), by
which Parliament declared their sense of her wrongs, and made her
family all the reparation in their power. It is a most gratifying cir-
cumstance to all who venerate the efforts by which our ancestors have
made the British Constitution what it is. that this Bill received the
Royal Assent on the very same day (May 24, 1689) as the Act of
Toleration, a day never to be forgotten in the annals of British
freedom. . . .
In the church of Ellingham is a monument, inscribed : " Here
lyeth interred the body of Alice Beconsawe, the wyfe of Willm.
* Hicks (or Hickes) is stated to have been brother to George Hickes, Dean of
Worcester, and was executed at Glastonbury, according to Echard. Of the fate
of Nelthorpe no mention is made.
Ellingham. 75
Beconsawe, of Ibsley, esquire, the sole daughter and heire of Willm.
White, of Moyles Court, esquire. She lyved virtuously, and dyed in
the fear of God, the 19 July, Ann. D'ni 1622." There is also a
head-stone in the churchyard with this inscription : " Here lies Dame
Alicia Lisle, and her daughter Ann Hartfall, who dyed the 17 Feb?.
170 — . Alicia Lisle dyed the 2 Sep*. 1685." These are the only
memorials existing for these families there.
Yours, etc., C. S. B.
Emsworth.
[1806, Part i.,f. 1099.]
I send you three drawings from fragments of fine Roman pottery,
found in the neighbourhood of Emsworth, co. Hants.
Fig. 2 represents part of an elegant bowl, in form and texture
equal, if not superior, to modern productions. The annexed inscrip-
tion is stamped in the bottom, probably the name of the maker.
Fig. 3, a fragment of an embossed vase, which, when perfect,
measured 10 inches diameter at the top. The animal figured in the
compartment between the festoons seems to represent a rabbit, or
hare, sitting. Perhaps this vessel was sacred to Diana.
Fig. 4 is another fragment of a vessel, about the size of the last.
All these fragments were found about a foot beneath the surface,
with an abundance of coarse pottery, shells of oysters, cockles, peri-
winkles, etc. ; also a few bones of large animals near the spot. The
surrounding strata are in many places black, with evident marks of
burning. I. H. E.
Farlington.
[1800, Part II., pp. 729-732.]
The parish of Farlington, so famous in the journals of travellers for
including the hill of Portsdown, is situate within a few miles of Ports-
mouth, bounded by the several parishes of Bedhampton, Widley,
Wimmering, and an arm of the sea on the south called West
Harbour, at the entrance of which is placed Cumberland Fort. The
parish is in the hundred of Portsdown. ... It contains in the whole
about 2,500 acres of arable, meadow, pasture, sheep down, woodland,
and about 200 acres of forest and waste lands now remaining un-
cultivated. The greatest improvement to this district was that of en-
closing from the sea 225 acres. This was owing to the abilities and
persevering industry of the late owner, Peter Taylor, Esq. ; but this
addition is considered as extra-parochial. There are also 300 acres,
a moiety of the purlieu in Bere Forest, which has been from time im-
memorial enjoyed by the lords of the manors of Drayton and Wals-
worth. The annual value of the parish, ^2,100. The village of
Purbrook, together with the heath, at the time of Mr. Taylor's pur-
chase, was of little value; it consisted of 75 acres, uncultivated and
unhealthy. He employed every means in his power to improve it,
76 Hampshire.
which he at length effected at an enormous expense, having ex-
pended, as I am credibly informed, nearly ^100,000. However,
this proved beneficial to himself, and improved the country around
him. Architecture reared its head, and a universal spirit of improve-
ment took place. He built also an elegant mansion, which is uni-
versally admired. This house stands at the foot of the down. A
short and pleasant walk leads the traveller to its summit, which pre-
sents his astonished eye with everything variegated in nature. . . .
On July 26 a large fair is held on the down. I cannot tell when
it commenced. On this day. may be seen a large concourse of
people, who resort here from every part of the country. It con-
tinues three days. The first generally proves a day of business, the
second of pleasure, and the chapmen on the third pack up their
goods. The late Mr. Taylor once endeavoured to make a passage
through this hill with a view of conveying water to supply the town
of Portsmouth. Four shafts were sunk ; but the design was not then
carried into effect. No doubt the utility of telegraphs suggested the
idea of placing one on this hill, which is admirably calculated for the
purpose of conveying intelligence. There is a mount on the declivity
of the down towards Bedhampton, which has given rise to much con-
jecture. It, is known by the name of Bevis's grave. Some suppose
it a barrow, others a station of the Romans to convey signals. The
manors of Farlington and Drayton, including the whole parish, were
formerly in the possession of the priory of Southwick, and I conjec-
ture to have belonged to it ever since the twentieth year of
Kdward III. It continued in the possession of the monastery till its
dissolution, when Henry VIII. by letters-patent, bearing date
June 29, in the thirty-second year of his reign, granted the above
to William Pownde, Esq., and Elianor his wife, and their heirs, with
its rights and royalties, together with the advowson of the rectory of
Farlington. These possessions descended to Anthony Pownde,
thence to his eldest son, Richard Pownde ; and at length became
vested in fee in Mr. Smith, of whom Mr. Taylor, in the year 1764,
purchased it, including all the lands of the parish, of the value of
^"1,500 per annum, except three small farms, which were claimed by
other persons. The above estate, for sixty years previous to Mr.
Taylor's purchase, was in the possession of a distressed mortgagor
and receivers under decrees in Chancery, whose sole aim was to
raise money by felling of timber, by which means it was open to the
encroachments of everyone. By an inquisition taken in the first
year of Edward VI.,. it appears that Anthony Pownde died on
February 29, seized of the manor of Drayton (among other estates),
which he held of the King by grand serjeantry, " ad inveniend'
unum homin' custod' orient' port' castr' de Porchest' per xv dies
tempore guar' ;" which tenure convinces me the grant was of great
antiquity. This manor of Drayton went out of the family of the
Farlington. 77
Powndes by a female branch, and remained thus severed from Far-
lington a number of years. In 1703, Mr. Smith, who was previously
seized of Farlington (in conjunction with one Clemence), purchased
the manor and land of Drayton from the co-heirs of Mr. Richbell
and Sir Benjamin Newland, and divided the whole amongst them-
selves. The fatal consequences of the Southsea scheme drove
Colonel Smith (after mortgaging his manors of Farlington and Dray-
ton) to the Continent, and involved him in difficulties which ter-
minated only with his life. He is. said to have lived in habits of
intimacy with Mr. Norton, of Southwick House, who, in compassion
of his distresses, made him many valuable presents, as some report,
to the amount of an hundred a year. The ecclesiastical history of
the parish remains in great obscurity ; when, or by whom, the present
church was founded, I cannot learn. It adjoins the highroad on the
bottom of the south side of the hill, and appears to have been built
with large flints cased with stone. A gravestone of a knight-templar
was some time since, in repairing the church, discovered. This
might induce one to believe the church, or the site of it, to be of
early date. John de Farlington, in 22 Edward I., and Ralph de
Drayton, were both benefactors to the religious in those days ;
whether either of them built the present church is a matter of un-
certainty. It consists of a single nave, and the chancel, as usually
the case, separated from it by a thick, clumsy arch. Mr. Taylor
added a light and pleasant seat to the church, which he appropriated
to the use of his own family. The following inscriptions are placed
in the chancel and nave :
" fflf 50' rharjjtt praj> for itu 0o«Ic of gUitoni) •Potonbr, of JSrajiton, in tht
cottuttE of cSontV, taqujcr, tohiclu bm*3]>b tlii xix ban of ^cbruarp, iu the
B«rc of our gorbc ©ob'^B €<£££<£ J^el'Ii. <Drt tohosr soule Crist hnbe
iiurciji."
" Dedicated to the memory of JANE. EVANS, wife of Peter Evans, clerk, rector
of this parish, and six of their children ; who (in sure and certain hope of a joyful
resurrection together) were at different times underneath interred, viz. WILLIAM
EVANS, June gth, 1746; JOHN, September 9th, 1747; JANE, April 5th, 1749;
DAVID, May 2ist, 1753; RICHARD, November loth, 1755; LAURA, Sep-
tember 24th, 1759. Jane Evans, their mother, was buried Jan. 26th, 1778, in the
62d year of her age ; a pious chariiable woman. And, likewise, to the memory
of the Rev. PETER EVANS, B.D., who was rector of this parish 43 years. He
departed this life the I4th day of January, 1781, in the 76th year of his age."
" Sacred tn the memory of JANE TAYLOR, the wife of Peter Taylor, esq., of
Purbrook park, who departed this life the 291(1 August, 1770, in the 6ist year of
her age. As a grateful tribute to her exalted virtues, this monument is erected
by her affectionate husband, anno 1774. Under this stone, and in the same vault
v.ith his wife, are deposited the remains of PETER TAYLOR, esq., lord of the
manors of Farlington and Drayton, in this county ; of Milton, in Somersetshire ;
and patron of this church. He was twice elected to represent the borough of
Portsmouth in pailiament. Born at Wells, the nth November, 1714; and died
there, the 3d November, 1777, in the 63d year of his age."
7 8 Hampshire.
In the churchyard :
" By the munificence of Peter Taylor, esq., lord of this manor, and patron ol
this church, this stone was set up in memory of WILLIAM HOOKER, and MARY,
his wife, who lived together in a married state seventy-five years. He was buried
here the eighteenth of December, 1755, aged ninety-seven years. She died of the
small-pox, and was butied here June the fifteenth, 1757, in the hundredth year of
her age."
The payments of this rectory are as follows :
£ s. d.
In the King's books ... ... ... 913 4
Yearly tenths ... ... ... ...094
Proc. yearly ... ... ... ... o 10 8
Rectors : Francis Nelson in 1665 ; Peter Evans, B.D., from 1738
to 1781; Roger Cole, M.A., from 1781 to 1788; John Burrow,
D.D., from 1788 to the present time.
Patrons : the family of Pownde ; Brereton, gent., in 1689 ;
Thomas Dacre, Esq., 1725; Thomas Smith, Esq., 1742; Peter
Taylor, Esq., 1777; Charles William Taylor, Esq., the present
patron.
The glebe land belonging to the rectory contains about two acres
and a half ; the churchyard half an acre, adjoining which stands the
parsonage house, fronting very pleasantly towards the sea. A bene-
faction to the parish is recorded in the register in the following words :
"April 23, 1711. — These are to satisfie all it may concern, y* the
money given by Mr. Winter, which was the sum of twenty pounds,
for the use of the poor widows of the parish of Farlington ; and that
the interest of the said twenty pound to be paid and divided among
or between the said widows, which receive no benefaction of the
parish ; and the money to be kept in the hands of the overseer of
the poor or churchwardens of the said parish, and the interest to be
disposed no other ways, and for no other intent or purpose ; and the
payment of the same to be on Good Friday, under the yew-tree in
the church-yard, every year."
Yours, etc., FATHER PAUL.
Faringdon.
[«775,/A '7I-I73-]
Enclosed are some calculations of Dr. Stephen Hales, in his own
handwriting. If you think they will afford any entertainment or
information, I could wish you would preserve them from oblivion by
inserting them in your magazine.
AN ACCOUNT OF SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE PARISH REGISTRY
OF FARINGDON, NEAR ALTON, HAMPSHIRE.
From the year 1720 to 1740, viz., in 20 years, there were baptized
1 80 children, viz., 9 per annum, of which 81 were boys, and 99 girls,
Faringdon. 79
viz., TaT more girls than boys ; wherr as there are usually found to be
among mankind about one in 20 more boys than girls ; but, in the
preceding 20 years, there were -£% more boys than girls.
And it is observable, that there were but 135 children baptized in
the preceding 20 years, viz., from 1700 to 1720, viz., ^th part less,
675 per annum.
And in the preceding 20 years, viz., from 1680 to 1700, there were
baptized 103, 5-1 per annum, viz., \.z less than in the following 20
years, from 1700 to 1720.
And from the year 1660 to 1680, 93 were baptized, 4'6 per annum,
viz., TV3 less.
And from 1640 to 1660, 141 were baptized, 7 per annum.
And from 1620 to 1640, 139 were baptized, 7 per annum.
And from 1600 to 1620, 160 were baptized, 8 per annum.
And from 1580 to 1600, 117 were baptized, 5-8 per annum.
And from 1560 to 1580, 129 were baptized, 6-45 per annum.
N.B. — The registry begins January 6, 1558, for the baptized.
There are baptized from Lady-day, 1560, to Lady-day, 1740,
1191, J.g per annum; of these 625 are boys, 511 girls, viz., T^TT more
boys than girls.
The registry of burials begins about anno 1641, January 2, and
there are 5 buried to Lady-day, 1642, from which time to Lady-
day, 1740, there are 468 burials, viz., 4-8 per annum.
The above-mentioned 180 that were baptized in the last 20 years
are at the rate of 9 in a year.
There were burjed in the same time 103, viz., at the rate of 5-15
per annum, so the increase is yearly 3 '85.
Of the 180 children which were baptized, 16 died within the first
year, viz., TlT.2i ar>d 3 in the second year, that is under two years,
8.^Y of the 180.
From 2 to 10 years, 3 more died, viz., ^j.3 of the 103 which died.
From 10 to 20 years 8 died, viz., TV. 8, most of these near 20
years old.
From 20 to 30 years, 12 died, \.^.
From 30 to 40 years, 6 died, viz., TV-i-
From 40 to 50 years, 5 died, viz., ^j-n-
From 50 to 60 years, 6 died, viz., TV-i-
From 60 to 70 years, 31 died, viz., £..,.
From 70 to 80 years, 8 died, viz., T\-.8.
From 80 to 90 years, 3 died, viz., ^f.3.
From 90 to 100 years, 2 died, viz., -yVs-
Hence we see that no less than 44 out of 103 that died in 20
years, lived to be above 60 years of age, viz., \.z of 103. And also,
that of these 44, no less than 31 died between 60 and 70 years of
age, viz., near \ of them. From the great numbers that die in this
period, we see that nature is now declining apace in many, so that
So Hampshire.
those who survive, find only labour and sorrow. This may be looked
on as nearly the regular course of nature in this healthy air ; for there
are few in this parish who disorder themselves, or impair their health,
hy intemperance or debauchery, most of them employing themselves
in husbandry, the rest in laborious handicrafts. The women and
girls all employ themselves in spinning wool, which requires their
constant walking to and fro at the wheel ; in spring and summer,
many of them weed the corn, and help to reap or glean.
If we make the estimate another way, viz., from the proportions
that are surviving at the beginnings of the several periods above
mentioned, then they will stand thus, viz.,
Died the first year, 16, viz., J.4 I 1 Q{ IQ,
Died second year, 3, viz., ^ / 5'4
From 2 to 10 years, 3 died out of the remaining 84, viz., -jV
From 10 to 20 years, 8 died out of the remaining 81, viz., TV-2-
From 20 to 30 years, 12 died out of the remaining 73., viz., £.
From 30 to 40 years, 6 died out of the remaining 61, viz., jVi-
From 40 to 50 years, 5 died out of the remaining 55, viz., ^y.
From 50 to 60 years, 6 died out of the remaining 50, viz., ^. 3.
From 60 to 70 years, 31 died out of the remaining 44, viz., ^.-f^.
From 70 to 80 years, 8 died out of the remaining 13, viz., \.a-
From 80 to 90 years, 3 died out of the remaining 5, viz., ^. 6.
From 90 to 94 years, the remaining 2 died.
The present whole number of inhabitants being 325, these divided
by the number that die yearly, viz., 5'i5, the product 6i-3 is the
number of years in which a number equal to all those of this parish
will die ; whereas in London, a number equal to that of all its in-
habitants are found to die in the space of 30 years ; hence they live,
one with another, but half so long at London as at Faringdon.
But this greater degree of mortality in London falls much among the
children, as appears by the weekly bills, that air being unkindly for
their tender age.
Freefolk and Laverstoke.
[1789, Part I., pp. 21, 22.]
About the early part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Richard
Andrews, Esq.,* of Fryfolke, died seised of that manor, described by
the name of Fryfolke, otherwise South Fryfolke, otherwise Fryfolke
Syferwast,t together with the manors of Laverstoke and Chalgrave,
all in Hampshire • upon which these estates descended to his three
* Arms of Andrews, of Hants : " Argent a chevron engrailed gules charged
with 3 mullets or, between as many quatrefoils, slipped vert." — -Edmondson's
" Heraldry," vol. ii. Query, Whether the same?
f Domesday Book says : " Ipse Episcopus " ( Winton. scilicet) " tenet Witcerce."
(viz. Whitchurcl), the adjoining parish, a small town lietween Overtoil and
Andover> " De isto " (Episc. seib.) "tenet Radulf. fil. Seifride, Frigeiole, etc."-
But query? For my notes from Domesday Book were very hastily taken.
Freefolk and Laverstoke. 81
daughters and coheirs, Catharine, the wife of John Powlet, Esq.,*
Constance, wife of Richard Lambert, gent., and Ursula, wife of
Henry Norris, Esq. Afterwards, on the death of Ursula Norris (her
only child Ursula having died single before her), Catharine, then
the widow of John Powlet, Esq., and Thomas Lambert, gent., son
and heir of Constance and Richard Lambert, then both deceased,
became each entitled to a moiety; and soon after, on July 17,
24 Elizabeth, made a partition. Catharine Powlet took the manors
of Freefolke and Chalgrave, subject. to a rent of £20 per annum to
Lambert, and Lambert (afterwards Sir Thomas Lambert, Knight),
took Laverstoke, with the rent-charge of £20 per annum upon Free-
folk, etc. From him it descended to his son, Thomas Lambert, Esq.,f
whose son, Robert Lambert, Esq., in 1651, conveyed it to John
Trot, Esq., who (or whose son John), was afterwards, on October n,
1660, created a baronet. He and his son resided here; and the
latter, I have been told, is buried in the church under a handsome
monument. His daughter and heir carried this estate in marriage to
Sir Hugh Stukely, of Hinton, in this county, Bart., and her daughter
and heir (by Sir Hugh) Catharine being married May 20, 1691, to
Sir Charles Shuckborough, of Shugborough, in Warwickshire, Bart.,
conveyed it to him, who died suddenly at Winchester, 1705. From
him it went to his son, Sir John, upon whose death, in 1724, it
came to his son, Sir Stukeley Shuckburgh, Bart., who sold it
to Mr. Dawkins (a West Indian, I believe, and formerly, I think,
M.P. for Southampton). He sold this seat, a few ytars since, to
Mr. Joseph Portal, of the adjoining parish of Freefolk, before
mentioned.
Laverstoke is about a mile west of Overton, on the great turnpike
road to Andover. The mansion stands prettily in a valley, by the
side of a small stream, with the neat little parish church close in
front of it. It is, though not large, a respectable-looking, gable-ended
house, in the form of a half " H," and apparently of the reign of
Queen Elizabeth ; therefore probably built by the Lamberts, upon
the partition of the estates. It has a pleasing appearance from the
uniformity of its style, which seems, much to the credit of its owners,
never to have been broken by modern alterations or additions. It is
now tenanted by General Matthew, Governor of Grenada, who
* John Powlet, Esq., of Herriard, in this county, no doubt, who was descended
from Richard Powlet, of that place, third brother to ihe first Marquis of Winton.
— See vol. Ivii., p. 1058.
f Upon November 25, 21 Jac. I., he sold the rent-charge for a term of ninety-
nine years, to commence fcom November 27, 1624, to Richard Barenger, gent.,
upon the falling-in of the reversion to Sir Stukely Shuckburgh, then the owner of
Laverstoke. He, in 1734, distrained upon Freefolke for rent in arrear, upon
which an action was commenced against him ; from the pleadings of which, pub-
lished in the " Pleader's A-sistant," p. 463, much of this title is taken. However,
Sir Stukely, the defendant, had a verdict, having clearly made out his title.
VOL. XV11. 6
8a Hampshire.
married Lady Jane Bertie, sister to the Duke of Ancaster. Lady
Jane, wiih her family, resides here. The arms of General Matthew
are : Sable, a stork close argent, within a bordure of the second.
FREEFOLK.
Freefolk, after the partition of the estates, continued in the
Powletts till they ended in two coheirs, of whom Anne married John
Jervoise, Esq., who in her right became possessed of Herriard in this
county, before-mentioned, where his issue of the male line still con-
tinues, and Louisa married Sir Thomas Jervoise, of Chilmarsh, county
of Salop, Knight, and to him probably was allotted Freefolk ; for I
find a Sir Thomas Jervoise, Knight, described to be of Freefolk,
leaving issue Richard Jervoise, Esq., who married Frances, daughter
and coheiress of Sir George Croke, the excellent judge, who having
retired to Waterstock, in Oxfordshire, died there 1641, aged 82.
She afterwards married Sir Gijes Hungerford, Knight, who died
1684, aged 70. How long the Jervoises continued in possession of
this seat, or who succeeded them, I cannot tell. Mr. Portal, the
possessor of a house on the opposite side of the road, and owner of
the paper-mills here, purchased this mansion, as well as Laverstock,
some years since, and once more united them. He rented this
ancient mansion lor some time as a sporting seat, to General Sir
John Mordaunt, K.B., who afterwards removed to Bevis Mount, by
Southampton, devised to him by the F.arl of Peterborough. After
Sir John Mordaunt left Freefolk, Mr. Portal pulled down the house,
and laid the gardens, etc., to his own. In the church, I am informed,
there are memorials and arms in painted glass of the Powletts.
G. R.
[1789, Part II., p. 621.]
From the Visitation Book of Hants, British Museum, Harleian
MSS. 1544, it appears that " Richard Andrews, of Freefolk, married
Elizabeth, youngest daughter of John Rogers, by whom he had
issue, Richard Andrews, of Freefolk, who married Lucy, daughter of
Richard Bray, one of the council to Henry VI. She remarried Roger
Walwin. But by her first husband she had issue Richard Andrews,
of Freefolk, who by Catherine, daughter of John Walsh, Baron of the
Exchequer, was father of the three co-heiresses before-mentioned,
p. 22. Constance Lambert, one of them, had issue four younger
children, Walter, Michael, Alice, and Barbara, besides Thomas of
Laverstoke, the son and heir, who married Margaret, daughter of
John Fisher, of Chilton Candover, Hants."
The arms of these Andrewses were : Azure, a chevron, gules, charged
with three quatrefoils, between three mullets, sable. Crest, an ass's
head sable, charged with a cross. G. R.
Havant, 83
Havant.
[1795, Fart I., pp. 296, 297.]
The little market-town of Havant stands in a delightful situation on
the south-eastern border of Hampshire, having the Portsdown Hills
on the north, and Langston Harbour on the south ; which is well
adapted for a small trade that is carried on here in coal, corn, etc.
Trie parish contains, in the whole, about 400 houses, and seems to
have been formerly a place of some note, having under it the tithings
of Brockhampton, Hayling, and Leigh. There are four streets,
agreeing with the cardinal points, of a tolerable good appearance. Its
chief ornament is a beautiful Gothic church, which stands in the
centre of the place, dedicated to St. Faith, and probably erected in
the fourteenth century, consisting of a north and south aisle, chancel,
vestry, and a nave or body, extending 95 feet, and a handsome organ
has been added to the church, which is now under the direction of
the ingenious Mr. Raiss. The only benefactor to this church was
the munificent prelate, William of Wykham, Bishop of Winchester;
for we find the following bequest in his will : " Item, lego cuilibet
ecclesiarum subscriptarum, viz. : Wylteney, Farnham, Cheriton,
Havonte, and Burghclere, mei patronatus, unum vestimentum
integrum, viz., pro sacerdote, diacono, et sub-diacono, cum papa
etiam et uno chalice."
The following inscription is placed upon a large slab in the north
aisle :
" 3)ic jactt ^om. TEhomaa 2^)ltuarl> quondam iatina crclrsiar r«tot qut
obiit bj° Me nunaia Jlprilia anno JJoimni tmlrssimo TOQIQI^EII. fnjna
aninr.r propittttur 5fus> 3^'.ncn- 5om'ne *n 1°" iniaerknroia tonffbe. j)ia
ttatia Jj'te jj'b turn jaret hie lapis iatr. Corjma nt ortutur, art mora ft
prarnuMtetnr."
On a beautiful monument, the work of P. M. van Celder, repre-
senting a female in light vestments clothing an urn with a chaplet of
flowers, is written the following :
" Sacred to the memory of Mrs. SELENA NEWI.AND, the wife of Bingham New-
land, esq., of this place ; who, with meekness, patience, and resignation, endured
a lingering consumption, and died the 3Oth day of January, 1786, aged 31 years."
[Rest of inscription omitted.]
In the chancel :
"Near this lieth ISAAC MOODY, gent., of this place, who departed this li*e
Nov. the 9th, anno D'ni 1728, in the 55th year of his age. Also, near this, lieth
REBECCA, wife of the above Isaac Moody, who departed this life Oct. the 1 3th,
anno D'ni 1726, in the 48th year of her age."
" Within the communion rails are deposited the remains of ANNE RENAUD,
born Oct. u, 1768, deceased May 16, 1781."
" On the outside of the opposite wall are deposited all that was mortal of JOHN
VENTHAM. The immortal part is gone, through the merits of a crucified Redeemer,
to join its Great Original. This awful change was on the 23d day of March,
1775, after a life of 29 years.'1
6 — 2
84 Hampshire.
"Juxta sepulli sunt RICARDUS BINGHAM, per 27 annos hujus ecclesis rector
dignissimus, et MARIA, ejusdem conjux egregia. Obierunt, hie annis 61 jam
completis natali die 28 Augusti, 1764 ; ilia cum annum ageret 78, die 13 Sep-
tembris, 1780."
UN ANTIQUAIRE.
Hursley.
[1777, Part I., pp. 266, 267.]
Richard Cromwell, eldest son of Oliver, in May, 1649, married
Dorothy, daughter of Richard Major, Esq., of Hursley, in the county
of Southampton. ... By the inscriptions in Hursley Church it
appears he had two sons and seven daughters, of whom one son and
three daughters only lived to maturity. Elizabeth was the eldest
child; she died unmarried in Bedford Row, April 8, 1731, in her
eighty-second year. Anne, the sixth daughter, married Dr. Gibson,
and died without issue, December 7, 1727, in her sixty-ninth year,
and was buried with her husband in the yard belonging to St. George's
Chapel in London. Dorothy, the seventh daughter, married John
Mortimer, Esq., of Somersetshire, and died without issue, May 14,
1681, in her twenty-first year. ... As to the sons of Richard, the
eldest died an infant ; the youngest, Oliver, reached the forty-ninth
year of his age, and died unmarried, May n, 1705. The inscription
is rather long, but contains no fact beside what is mentioned above,
except the introduction :
"This Monument was erected to the Memory of Elir. Cromwell, the last sur-
viving Daughter of Richard Cromwell, and the Account of her Family, given at
her Desire by her Executors, Richard and Thomas Cromwell '' (who were de-
scendants of Henry Cromwell).
PHILALETHES.
Kingsclere.
[1849, Part I., p. 195.]
Divine service was again performed in the church of Kingsclere,
that edifice having, since March last, undergone a thorough repair,
much of it having been rebuilt. The parish is one of the largest in
England, containing more than three thousand inhabitants. The
church was a very ancient fabric, built in the form of a cross, with a
remarkably large tower, containing six bells, of Norman architecture.
The interior contains a nave, two transepts, and a deep chancel.
Becoming so dilapidated as to be scarcely safe, it was resolved to
take it partly down and rebuild the same after its original plan. To
execute this a sum of nearly ^5,000 was required. The nobility
and gentry around were appealed to, and the chief portion of that
sum was quickly subscribed, viz., Lord Bolton giving j£i,ooo, Duke
of Wellington, ^500, Miss Carter, ^500, besides a splendid clock
with two faces, the Messrs. Holdings, .£500, several other families
each ,£100, besides ^50, ^10, ^5, etc., amounting to at least
^£500, and the parish of Kingsclere raised, by a 6d. rate, ^1,000.
Morestead. 85
Morestead.
[1 805, Part II., p. 793.]
About three miles from Winchester, close by the side of the road
leading from that city to Bishop's Waltham, stands the picturesque
little church of Morestead, of which the annexed is a south-east view.
Not having an opportunity of examining its inside, the monumental
inscriptions, if any, must be left for some other of your numerous
correspondents.
Yours, etc., WILLIAM HAMPER.
Nateley Scures.
[1836, Part II., pp. 363-366.]
I forward you a drawing, taken in the autumn of last year, of the
church of Nateley Scures, Hampshire. The want of a county history
will not allow me to avail myself of the labours of abler topographers
to illustrate its early history ; but I have little doubt that the merits
of the structure will be sufficient to recommend the subject to your
readers, and to excuse the paucity of the historical information.
The earliest, and indeed the only account that I can find of this
parish is in that valuable record, Domesday Book, in which it is
thus particularized :
"In Basingetoch Hd.
"Ipse Hugo [de Port] ten NATALEIE 7 Anchitil de eo . Eduin9
tenuit de rege E 7 quo uoluit ire potuit . To 7 m° se defd p n hid
7 dim Tfa e mi car . In dnio e una 7 dim car 7 v uilii 7 mi bord
cu n car . Ibi xi serui 7 moliii de x sor1 7 v . ae p"ti T.R.E. ualb .
L . sot 7 post" xxx sot modo LX sot."
It is true there is another place in the neighbourhood bearing a
similar name ; but I am inclined to attribute the above extract rather
to the present parish than to Upper Nateley, a chapelry to Basing-
stoke, to which, in all probability, the prefix of Upper was added to
distinguish it from this, the principal village of the name.
The omission of the mention of a church in Domesday is not
considered to be conclusive evidence of the manor or parish being
without one at the period of the survey ; and from the name of the
saint to whom the church is dedicated, a reasonable conjecture may
be formed of its Saxon origin, although the present structure cannot
claim so high a degree of antiquity.
The parish is situated in the Basingstoke division of the Hundred
of Basingstoke. The living is a discharged Rectory, valued in the
King's book at ^5 los. rod. The annual value, according to the
return to Parliament of livings under ^150 per annum, is ;£ioo.
The church is dedicated to St. Swithin, and is in the diocese and
archdeaconry of Winchester. It is situated on the Great Western
Road, at four miles on this side of Basingstoke, being separated by
86 Hampshire.
a field from the high road. The patron in 1829 was Lord Dorchester.
The population, it is rather singular, is returned in the survey in
1825 and the preceding one at the same amount, 245. The church,
although small, from its perfect state may be viewed as an interesting
example of the ancient village churches of England. The accom-
panying plate shows the north-east view of the structure.
In the exterior there is no visible distinction between the nave and
the chancel. The plan (Fig. 2) is composed of a parallelogram
increased by the addition of a semicircle, and it would appear that
the architect has given to his building the proportion of a double
cube : the walls of the superstructure are covered with a thick coat
of rough cast, which conceals the nature of the materials, and at the
same time has had the effect of covering some of the ornaments
with which the structure was originally embellished. In other
respects the church remains nearly in the same state as it came out
of the hands of the architect, having received no material altera-
tion upon the first design. The roof rises to an acute ridge and is
covered with tiles. On the north side near the west end is a door-
way, which is the sole entrance to the church ; and in the semi-
circular apsis are three windows situated at the height of 7 feet
10 inches from the ground ; two of these windows, the northern
and eastern, are unaltered ; their dimensions are 3 feet 2 inches in
height by 8 inches in breadth ; the heads are semicircular, and are
destitute of any ornamental moulding, the angles being simply
chamfered. The southern window has been enlarged into a
mullioned opening of two lights, the compartments being arched,
with a single cusp, and may therefore date in the early part of the
fourteenth century. Immediately over this window is a solitary relic
of a corbel table, which it may be fairly supposed once extended
round the church under the eaves of the roof. This fragment,
though greatly obscured by the plaster, shows two semicircular
arches, and if the covering was removed it is not at all improbable
that the whole of the original finish might be brought to light. A
second window of three lights has been constructed in the north wall
nearly opposite the entrance, the date about the same period as the
last-described window ; whether it was an enlargement of an original
window or a newly-constructed opening, it is not possible to con-
jecture. The western wall has a circular-headed window high up in
the gable, differing from the eastern only in dimensions, being
4 feet 4 inches by i foot 2 inches. On the roof is a small cubical
turret with a pyramidal roof, all of wood, terminated by a vane ; it
is almost unnecessary to add that this appendage, which contains two
bells, is modern.
As before observed, the materials of the building cannot be seen,
in consequence of the plaster covering, but the appearance of
modern brickwork nearly concealed by the earth at the base of the
Nateley Scures.
walls shows that some substantial repairs have been effected in recent
times. Upon the whole, the alterations which have been made are
so very slight that the church may be fairly said to present one of
the most perfect specimens of a Norman village church.
The doorway shown in Fig. 3 of the plate, although on a scale too
small to convey an adequate idea of the excellence of its sculpture,
and the high state of preservation in which it exists, is formed of
Caen stone, and retains in great perfection the original sharpness of
the sculptures. The immediate entrance is composed of a trefoil
arch, the cusps having torilses affixed to the points, and it springs
from the simple impost cornice which forms the finish of the jambs;
this arch is enclosed within a semicircle, the architrave of which is
embellished with a richly-moulded chevron or zigzag, both on its
face and return, and so disposed that when viewed in perspective,
lozenge-shaped compartments are formed, having an ornament at the
point of junction, which is in some places a torus, in others a mask.
Within each compartment is a moulding composed of two cones
united at their bases. This enriched semicircular arch springs from
a continuation of the impost cornice, and below it are placed columns
with grotesque capitals occupying an angular recess formed by a
second jamb. The entire composition is enclosed within a highly-
enriched weather cornice which still keeps the circular form ; the
profile of this cornice shows a square moulding canted on the under-
side, the chamfered face having lozenges, the flat or fillet a zigzag ;
the lower ends finish in a grotesque serpent-like head and a mask,
which is defaced, but apparently a human face is carved upon the
keystone.
The capital of the eastern column is a grotesque human figure, of
which the legs are not seen, sustaining itself on the hands, as if
crouching beneath the weight of the impost ; the western column
shows a well carved mermaid, with the usual long hair and expanded
fish's tail of this fabled maiden of the ocean.
The base of the eastern column is raised on two square plinths
separated by a chamfer, and is composed of a broad conical mould-
ing surmounted by a torus. The western column has a base formed
of four truncated cones which are united at the top under a circular
torus, and at the base form a square, resting on a plinth. The whole
is so exactly like a very common capital in contemporary works
that it might be taken for one reversed.* The extreme height of
this frontispiece is 10 feet 3 inches, the breadth 7 feet 8 inches. In
the interior a second arch is formed over the arch of entrance,
which is 7 feet 6 inches in height, but the jambs are the same breadth
as the doorway.
The interior of the church has undergone more alteration than the
* A similar base in the crypt of York Minster has been shown as a reversed
capital.
88 Hampshire.
outside; there is no other distinction at present between the nave
and chancel than a single step at the chord of the semicircle ; the
ceiling is entirely modern, and horizontal from east to west : a
double row of pews on each side a paved aisle occupy the body of
the church ; at the west end is a small gallery, and the pulpit and
desks, of modern construction, are attached to the north wall ; the
floor is tiled.
The few remaining features of the original work are interesting.
The windows, as usual in early buildings, are splayed inwards to a
considerable extent, the dimensions at the glazing being only 3 feet
2 inches in height by 8 inches in breadth, but spreading towards the
interior to 5 feet 5 inches by 3 feet 2 inches. An architrave of
squared stones bounds the whole ; it is 5 inches in width, and is
ornamented on the soffit with zigzags in low relief, projecting little
more than the eighth part of an inch. The western window is
splayed from 4 feet 4 inches to 7 feet 9 inches in height, and from
i foot 2 inches to 4 feet 6 inches in breadth, and the soffit at the
architrave is sculptured with an ornament resembling the diagonal
flowers of a later period.
At the south side of the chancel remains the seat for the officiating
priest ; it is situated immediately below the enlarged window, the
alteration of which, before alluded to, has destroyed the canopy,
whatever it may have been. In more extensive structures the seats
reach to the number of three, but one priest was probably sufficient
for the spiritual guidance of this village.
The font was a circular basin formed of chalk, and constructed for
immersion ; the extreme edge worked into a torus was all its orna-
ment ; it has, however, not been suffered to retain its situation,
having been at some period broken to pieces ; one of the fragments
has been used to mend the step at the chancel ; the remainder lie in
a heap near the churchyard-gate.
The modern fon', a mean basin, formed apparently of some kind
of composition, is oddly placed beneath the communion-table — an
instance of economy of space of which Nateley Scures is not a
solitary example. There is no monument of antiquity in the church;
an unimportant brass tablet of the seventeenth century is fixed against
the chancel wall.
A hard and fine kind of stucco is to be met with in many ancient
Norman buildings : in this composition the ornaments on the soffits
of the windows of the church are worked, and a similar kind of
decoration is to be seen on the soffits of the arches in Compton
Church, Surrey. The substance is extremely hard, and if not closely
inspected, the ornament might be mistaken for sculpture. It is
probable this cement was a legacy, derived, with other valuable
benefits to the arts, from ancient Rome, and the mode of making it
may have been one of the secrets of the Freemasons' Craft.
Nateiey Scures. 89
In the absence of historical evidence of the age of any building,
its architecture will in general allow a correct conclusion of the
antiquity of the structure to be formed. In no one of the arches in
this church is there any indication of the Pointed form, but it is to
be observed that the arch of entrance shows one of those fanciful
departures from the semicircle which preceded the introduction of
the Gothic style. The trefoil arch, of Byzantine growth, in its native
soil was a universal favourite, and in the mosques which succeeded
the structures of the Greek empire, became as prevalent as the
Pointed arch in the West. In this country it made but little way ;
at first applied to doorways, and in one instance, and that I believe
unique, at Elkstone, it formed a constituent portion of the building,
being used as a chancel arch ; it soon sunk into a mere decoration,
from whence it never assumed a situation of greater importance.
From these indications, and taking into consideration the very
early appearance of Pointed arches in this county, as well as in that
part of Surrey which so closely borders on it, as at Compton, Farnham
Castle, etc., the age of this church cannot, I think, be dated later
than the middle of the reign of Henry I., and the introduction of
the trefoil arch in the entrance will not allow of an earlier period
being named. In the works of Bishop de Blois, in 1136, which was
in the second year of his brother Stephen's reign, we find the Pointed
arch used to a great extent. I think therefore that twenty years may
not be thought unreasonable to assign as a period in which so great
a change was gradually proceeding, and which will bring the age ot
this structure to that period in which I have assigned it — the early
part of the twelfth century.
I do not think the architecture will warrant an earlier date being
assigned ; but as far as any inference can be drawn from the form
of the structure, it is probable that those churches which, like the
present, terminate at the east end in an apsis, present a fair claim to a
high degree of antiquity.
Yours, etc., E. I. C.
Netley.
[1816, Part II., pp. 405-407.]
Netley Abbey has two ways of approach after crossing the ferry at
Southampton ; one is on the banks of the river, the other passes
through the estate of — Chamberlaine, Esq., but the distances are
nearly equal. The first object viewed on arrival by the former is the
castle, a small building near the river, bearing marks of antiquity,
but not very remote, perhaps not earlier than the reign of Henry
VIII. The walls are thick, measuring about 8 feet 6 inches. They
inclose a small area or court, the proportions of a double cube.
Three small square openings admit light towards the river, and the
door of the internal wall was strengthened by a portcullis. At each
go Hampshire.
end is a large square bastion, entered only from the interior by pointed
doors. The whole is battlemented and moated. The sequestered
ruins of Netley Abbey are seated on the banks of the river Anton
(vulgarly called the Southampton Water) about three miles from the
ancient town of that name ; and it is rendered an enchanting spot
by the addition of delightful woods, which partially obscure its
mouldering walls at every point of view. The west front of the
church rises dignified above the uneven ground, and from among
a beautiful wood of varied trees and shrubs on leaving the castle;
the distance is not great, but they are hidden from each other. The
elegant sharply pointed window and dismantled walls and buttresses
form a fine contrast to the richly tinted surrounding landscape. We
gain admission within the walls by some of the dilapidated dwelling
buildings, which mostly join the cloisters contiguous to the south
side of the abbey church ; immediately entering the quadrangle of
the cloisters, now a vacant space, showing only the boundary walls,
one of which is the nave of the church, with its early Pointed windows
appearing. The exterior of the transept is likewise seen, having
windows of corresponding plainness. Southward of the transept,
and extending nearly to the extreme of this side of the cloisters, is
the chapter-house, between two aisles, that join the transept : one is
vaulted with stone, and lighted from the east by two narrow windows,
and from the cloisters by one large window, with simple but muti-
lated tracery. The corresponding aisle is quite plain. Externally
the chapter-house was distinguished by three plain but elegant arches,
the centre forming the entrance, and that on each side a window ;
but the original has been walled up and the present door broken
through one of the windows, to the additional disfigurement of this
most elegant room. Its proportions are square, having the same
number of arches on every side, and, no doubt, had originally four
insulated columns in the centre sustaining the groins of the roof, the
springers of which remain connected wiih the walls. Light was
chiefly admitted from the east side by two narrow windows and
quatrefoil openings. The capitals to all the arches in the chapter-
house, and some others, are sculptured in fine Purbeck marble, while
the columns, bases, etc., are of fine freestone. Among the heaps of
rubbish in this area has grown a most beautifully picturesque ash-
tree, whose elegant and tender branches and leaves form the only
canopy to the encircling walls ; a similar tree flourishes in the
cloisters. Southward of the chapter-house, extending in the line of
the cloisters, is a small apartment vaulted with stone ribs, resting on
sculptured brackets, which are common in this abbey, and were no
doubt adopted in the room of columns, to admit as much space as
possible in a church and dwellings of small dimensions. Still more
towards the south was the refectory, a handsomely proportioned apart-
ment, groined in a similar manner to the chapter-house, and lighted
Netlty. 9 1
from the east side by three different kinds of windows. At the south
end still remains the hatch through which the provisions passed from
another hatch in the wall of the kitchen, which is situate east and
west in regard to the refectory. The intermediate building was
perhaps the pantry or buttery, or some culinary office. The exterior
of these buildings, the walls of the cloisters, the kitchen, etc., form a
handsome group approaching the abbey. From the refectory we
pass to the kitchen, which is now not the least interesting object
among so many as are here exhibited, and afford gratification to those
who differ in opinion from a party leaving the ruins on our entrance,
who declared that " they should not have fatigued themselves in
walking so far had they expected to see no more than a heap of old
ruins." The kitchen is of considerable length, separated into four,
divisions by brackets which support stone springers, the groins having
been destroyed. The large chimney on the north side is curious and
remarkable, and has received no material injury. This building is
very ancient, its east window having two narrow lights under a large
arch. Against the line of wall formed by the chapter-house, the
adjoining aisles and part of the dwelling-buildings— or in the space
between the choir of the church and kitchen, extending eastward,
and entered by the southern of the aisles connected with the chapter-
house— is a large quadrangular area, encompassed with an elevated
terrace, great part of whose walls remain, and on the north side they
are entire. On the exterior of this (towards the east) are some
ancient buildings, of which two stone-vaulted rooms deserve remark,
but their original use cannot, perhaps, with precision, be named.
The principal of these, extending north and south, is of considerable
magnitude ; but the ground has been raised by surrounding destruc-
tion, both outside and within. The smaller room, entered by the
former, is groined in a similar manner, and lighted by a window at
the east end. These buildings have had rooms over them.
Having now generally surveyed the mutilated habitations of the
religious Cistercians who once inhabited these walls, I pass round to
the west front of the equally decayed and more elegant abbey church,
of which we have hitherto said but little. This portion of the build-
ing is plain, having no other ornamental feature than a large window;
the smaller window of each aisle is lofty and narrow, in two openings,
and the centre door perfectly undecorated, which, with other dilapi-
dated parts adjoining, is walled up. The interior of the nave, in
particular, is so much crowded with large masses of masonry that
have fallen from the roof and walls, that a path could not be formed
so as to make the original grand entrance the present approach to
the ruins ; the advantage of such an alteration, were it practicable,
is obvious, and the effect of the whole buildings would be more
striking ; whereas you now enter by the transept, thus losing the
length, elevations, and beauty of the building in certain points of
92 Hampshire.
view. For the sake of description and regularity I pass up the nave
and choir, and regret to notice that the arches and columns separat-
ing the aisles are throughout destroyed, and the extreme walls now
bound the space. These partake of the same simplicity and char-
acter which mark the west front, and the best parts of the habitable
buildings. The nave has eight divisions, formed by piers, with
triple windows under a large arch in each. The cloisters connecting
with the south wall caused the windows of that side to be consider-
ably shorter. The north transept is demolished to the remnant of a
wall and some part of the foundations, but the south transept is in a
very perfect state. Its side aisle, with the stone vaulting, is nearly
entire ; and the arches of the sides, the springers of the main root",
their mouldings and ornaments, are exquisitely perfect. The four
divisions of the choir differ little from those of the nave ; in the
south wall is a holy-water niche with a trefoil arch ; and by its side
a square recess to contain some decorations of the altar. In the
opposite wall is a similar recess. The east window is very elegant,
and partially perfect ; but the whole so much covered with ivy that the
tracery is scarcely visible through its thick masses. The arch is of
great thickness, and subdivided into numerous mouldings, having
under it, between arches springing from a central cluster of columns
yet remaining entire, a large circle enclosing eight quatrefoil turns,
to which are still connected the iron bar for sustaining the glass.
The hand of destruction seems to have been held out most unre-
lentingly against this elegant little monastery, and it has left but
scattered memorials to convey to the admirers of such interesting
relics some remembrance of pristine beauty and regularity. Among
these fortunate relics may be noticed a portion of each of the roofs
over the aisles of the choir, connected with the east wall : three ribs
of one division or space, on either side, remain, that to the south
side having an ornamented boss ; the opposite has been defaced.
It may be observed that the masonry of the exterior of this
abbey, though good and durable, is not altogether of the most
finished kind, the walls not being wholly faced with hewn stone.
The arches of all the windows, their mullions and tracery, the doors,
columns, capitals, buttresses, cornices, groins, bases, all the angles,
etc., are of the most perfect finishing in fine yellow and gray stone,
and the remnants left appear as new as when first constructed by the
mason. . . .
Netley Abbey was founded by Henry III., A.D. 1239, and
dedicated to St. Mary and St. Edward. The revenue was estimated
at ;£ioo i2s. 8d., or, according to Speed, at £160 25. qd.
Yours, etc., J. C. B.
[1860, Part II., p. 110.]
A correspondent of a local journal (the Hampshire Advertiser]
says : " I do not wish to startle the archaeological readers of your
Netley.
93
journal in announcing the discovery of fresco paintings on the walls
of Netley Abbey ; yet it is a fact that pieces of coloured ornament
are still adhering to the walls, although to decipher them requires a
considerable amount of patience, owing to successive coats of white-
wash having been passed over their surface, which holds so firmly on
to the original ground that it is almost, in many instances, impossible
to remove it, whilst damp and mildew have been doing their subtle
work, rendering what remains quite rotten or brittle. I have seen
sufficient, however, to form a conception as to what the original
decoration must have been. In every instance a colour of dark
morone, often on a buff ground, is used, shaded off in places to a
pale hue, forming patterns of the quaintest description, mostly running
in parallel bands about six feet from the ground, the capitals of each
pillar being covered by the pigment, so as to blend in with the
design. In other places the colour is placed behind columns, which
shows white on the dark ground, or it is arranged to give the idea ot
large masses of stonework, being like modern paper-hangings ; but
this is only used for offices and such-like apartments. . . .
" Whilst on the subject of the abbey, I would draw attention to
that portion of the view situated at the end of the cloisters apart
from the main building. For what purpose they were used originally
I cannot say with any certainty, but in the upper rooms I have found
tessellated pavement of the finest description, composing, when
perfect, a centre of alternate black and white tiles, with a highly
ornamental border, so that these rooms must have been of consider-
able importance, judging from what small portions remain, the walls
retaining traces of the painted ornaments used for decorating them."
New Forest.
[1786, Part II., p. 753.]
I enclose a drawing (Plate II., Fig. i), which I made in the year
1784, of the monument erected on the spot where, according to
steady tradition, William Rufus received his death's wound. It is
somewhat extraordinary that the family of Purkess, mentioned in the
inscription, still occupy the neighbouring cottages. The drawing is,
I assure you, very exact, which is, indeed, its only merit.
Yours, etc., J. P. ANDREWS.
Inscriptions on the Monument :
1. "Here stood the Oak Tree on which an Arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrrel
at a Stag glanc'd and struck King William the 2d surnam'd Rufus in the Breast
of which he instantly died on the 2cl Day of August A.D. IIOO."
2. " King William the 2d surnamed Rufus being slain as is before related was
laid in a Cart belonging to one Purkess, and drawn from thence to Winchester
and buried in the Cathedral Church of that City A.D. 1 143."
3. "That where an Event so memorable had happen'd might not be here-
after unknown, this Stone was set up by John Lord Delawar who has seen the
Tree growing in this Place."
94 Hampshire.
The height of the stone is 5 feet 10 inches, and each side i foot
10 inches in width.
[1789, Fart //., pp. 707-709.]
Observing your predilection for topographical subjects, I send you
some account of a spot which has lately attracted the notice of
royalty, but which, though distinguished by the lamentable catastrophe
of an English monarch in the last year of the eleventh century and
other remarkable circumstances, has never yet sufficiently engaged
the attention of antiquaries. I shall begin with transcribing the
inscription* on what is called in the New Forest " Rufus's stone,"
which is a triangular column about five feet high, and crowned with
a ball. [Inscription as in last extract.]
The place where this column stands is now called " Canterton,"
though the historians of the last century uniformly write it " Choring-
ham." It is a delightful valley, where the charms of the Forest
appear to be concentrated, but which suffer a considerable alloy from
the incredible number of flies and other insects that swarm under the
spreading oaks and beeches. At the distance of a bow-shot from the
column is the cottage of Purkess, a petty farmer, the lineal descendant
of the person mentioned in the inscription, who conveyed the royal
corpse to this city in his coal-cart. There are others of the same
family in the parish, who still follow the occupation of their
celebrated ancestor, that of charcoal-making. I have learned from
one Richard Pierce, an old man of above the age of fourscore, now
an inhabitant of this city, that he remembers his maternal grandfather,
who was a Purkess, having in his possession the identical axletree,
made of yew, which belonged to the aforesaid cart, but which in a fit
of anger, on its falling accidentally upon his toes, he reduced to a
bag of charcoal. At the distance of half a mile from Canterton, on
the high road to Ringwood, is Stony Cross, the name of which
indicates it to have once been a place of devotion, but where no
devotion now prevails, except what is paid to the memory of the
unfortunate Norman by a club of jovial foresters, who meet at the
pleasant inn there situated under the denomination of "Rufus's
Knights." At the like distance, forming a triangle with the above-
mentioned spots, is Castle Malwood, a place which I have suspected
might derive its present name from the accidents that befell the
Conqueror's family in its vicinity. Here stood the ancient royal
mansion, the vestiges of which still remain, though now it is reduced
to the thatched lodge of a keeper. This mansion is ignorantly
stated in some of the public prints to have been at Lyndhurst. All
the three above-mentioned places stand in the parish of Minsted,
concerning which a vulgar error prevails that it derived its name from
* These inscriptions, except what has been added to two of them this year, may
be seen in the new edition of Carnden's '' Britannia," i. 131.
New Forest. 95
the king's crying out in the language of the times, " Myne stede,
myne stede " — i.e., " my horse, my horse." It is true the king was
at that time on foot, and standing with his face to the west, and his
hand placed over his eyes to preserve them from the beams of the
sun, which was then setting, when he cried out to Tyrrel to dispatch
the deer which he had slightly wounded ; but that accurate historian,
William of Malmesbury, assures us that he never spoke from the time
he was shot, but that, after breaking off part of the arrow that stuck
in his body, he instantly fell flat on his face, thereby forcing the
remainder of it deeper into his breast. The circumstance mentioned
here of the dying monarch's endeavour to pull out the fatal arrow
that struck him, points out the meaning of a celebrated passage in
Pope, which, I apprehend, is by many not accurately understood :
" Lo ! Rufus, tugging at the deadly dart,
Bleeds in the forest like a wounded hart."
But to return to the name of Minsted. What places the opinion
I have stated beyond all doubt is that it is called Myndestede, from
which the present name is an evident contraction, in Domesday Book,
composed by the Conqueror fifteen years before the catastrophe of
his son.
Everyone knows that the train of accidents which befell the
Conqueror's family in this forest was considered by the nation as the
punishment of his injustice and impiety in making it. These
accidents were, first, the death of his grandson Henry, the child of
his eldest son, Robert, who killed himself by riding against a tree in
the New Forest ; secondly, the fate of his second son, Richard, who
was there gored to death by a stag he was pursuing, and thus became
" at once the chaser and at once the prey "; and, lastly, the lament-
able end of his third son, Rufus, as above described. With respect
to the last-mentioned, it was remarked that he fell on the site of a
church his father had demolished ; that he had certain forewarnings
of his approaching fate, and, in consequence of them, that he actually
stayed within till he had heated himself at dinner with a more than
ordinary quantity of wine ; and that he actually gave to Tyrrel the
arrow with which he was shot, telling him, at the same time, he
knew how to make a good use of it. But what was considered as
the jnost pregnant proof of a Divine interposition in the fate of the
unhappy Rufus was what was reported concerning that very oak tree
mentioned in the inscription from which the arrow glanced — namely,
that it put forth leaves every Christmas Day early in the morning,
which leaves withered at the rising of the sun. Gibson, in his
edition of Camden, mentions this as a fact, and adds that Charles II.
ordered the tree to be surrounded with pales. Many old persons
who have seen the tree in question, and, amongst the rest, the
octogenarian above-mentioned, vouch for the truth of the above-
96 Hampshire.
mentioned report, and add that a kind of fair used to be kept on
Christmas Day in the neighbourhood. Being worn down almost to
a stump, it was at length privately burned by one William House out
of mere wantonness. This circumstance, however, was not known
till after his death, otherwise it was thought he would hardly have
been left to die in peace, so highly did the foresters prize this tree,
or, rather, the profits it yielded them by the crowds it drew to see it.
Perhaps it has been with a view of indemnifying themselves and of
keeping up so profitable a trade that the inhabitants have endeavoured
to transfer this extraordinary quality to another oak-tree which grows
at a place called Cadnam, at the distance of two miles from the
former. I have been at great pains to investigate this as well as the
preceding matters on the spot, and wherever else information was to
be had ; however, all I can learn is that it has many champions as
well as many opposers. Those who pretend to be best informed say
that the present oak was raised from an acorn of the ancient tree,
and that the spot where it stands is the same where the bleeding body
of Rufus was overturned into a deep slough as Purkess was conveying
it to Winchester, in conformity with what we read in Matthew Paris.
J. MILNER.
Portsmouth.
[1816, Part I., pp. 588, 589.]
The Parish Church of Portsmouth, which stands nearly in the
centre of the town, is cruciform, and was built in the reign of
Henry II. by Peter de Rupibus, Bishop of Winchester, who
dedicated it to St. Thomas k Becket, the popular saint at that
period. The body of the present church was erected in the year
1693, and the chancel was also considerably beautified and repaired.
In 1702 the old tower was pulled down, and the present elegant one
erected, not, as it formerly was, at the intersection, but at the grand
entrance of the church. A well-toned organ was likewise added in
1718 by subscription.
The following curious benefactions to the church appear to have
been given in 1605, 1615 and 1632.
Anno Domini, 1605.
" The righte honourable Lorde Hyghe Admirall of England, the
xxvth daye of Jullye dide gyve vnto the poore man's boxe the some of
XXJ.
" Item. Sir Rychard Lawson dide gyve to the poore man's boxe
then ye some of \s. viiu/.
"Item. Sir Roberte Whamsell dide then gyve unto the poore
man's boxe some vs.
"Item. Sir Sackfielde Treuer dide then gyve unto the poore
man's boxe the some vs.
Portsmouth. 97
A.D., 1615.
" Item. Sir John Booline, Governour of Portysmouth, dide gyve
at ye bapt'n of hys childe fowe'r hangines to the church : one for ye
governor's seat, and one for ye mayor ; one for the pulpit and one
for ye comunion tabell ; two of them clothe of golde, and one of
them imbrodered in silvire, and one of them red velvett ; theye were
opened tys Z4th of August, 1615.
"Item. John Trigger, church warden, and Roger Pricey dide
caste ye 4th bell, Ann. Domi. 1632, and a newe bibell, wich coste
thirti shillings ; and a newe label clothe for y" communion, wich coste
thirteen shillings, 1633."
Behind the communion table is a large, elegant marble monu-
ment, erected in 1681, to the memory of the Duke of Buckingham
by his sister Susannah, Countess of Denbigh [inscription omitted].
The Duke of Buckingham was stabbed in the High Street of this
town — on August 23rd, 1628— by Felton, a lieutenant. The house
where the act was committed is r,ow standing, and in the occupation
of the Rev. George Cuthbert. Yours, etc., L. ALLEN.
[1790, Part I., p. 493.]
This royal hospital ( Haslar Hospital) is a large edifice for the accom-
modation of sick or wounded seamen and marines belonging to the
royal navy. It is situated at the west entry into Portsmouth Harbour,
on a dry, gravelly soil, within 200 yards of the water, and surrounded
with an airing-ground nearly a mile in circumference, enclosed within
a wall 12 feet high. On a pediment in the front of the house is a
handsome sculpture of Portland stone, with his Majesty's arms con-
tained in the centre. In the front, on the green, there is a guard-
house for the soldiers who guard the hospital ; and farther to the right
is a )arge gate, that carriages may enter. Under his Majesty's coat-
of-arms is a hall — 100 feet long and 50 broad — where the recovering
patients dine. There is also a ferryman to attend the persons who wish
to pass to and from the hospital. This elegant building was begun in
1746, at the earnest recommendation of Lord Sandwich, and finished
in 1762 (see Plate I.). Yours, etc., AJAX.
Portswood.
[1862, 1 art /., p. 758.]
A mediaeval key was recently dug up on the site of the Priory of
St. Denys, close to the Portswood Station of the South-Western
Railway. It is of bronze, about two inches long ; the stem is
solid, and tapers towards the end, the wards forming the letter H.
The inner periphery of the handle ring projects near the stem, which
is characteristic of ancient keys. This key, no doubt, belonged to a
small box or secretaire. It is covered with a thin coat of verdigris,
which has prevented corrosion. Some door-keys, formerly found
VOL. XVII. 7
98 Hampshire.
among the ruins of St. Denys, being of iron, are much corroded with
rust. Mr. Skelton, the architect, who has purchased the ruins, care-
fully preserves any objects that may be discovered, but unfortunately
a few rusty keys, some fragments of mosaic pavement, and some
mutilated stone coffins, are almost all that have as yet been found.
The coffins, several years ago, were cleared of the bones of priors and
monks, and used as nogs' troughs by a neighbouring farmer.
Ringwood.
[1807, Part II., p. looi.]
The church at Ringwood, county Hants (Plate I., Fig. i), consists
of a nave with north and south transepts, and a chancel of large
dimensions. It has an interesting and venerable appearance, the
churchyard being closely planted with lime-trees, interspersed with
yews, whose branches form a complete canopy over the walks leading
to the south porch and the chancel door. In the south transept is
the monument represented in Fig. 2. It has been plundered of its
brasses — containing the effigies of the deceased and his wife, with
three shields of arms, and a square plate with an inscription — but it
is traditionally ascribed to Richard Line, the founder of the Free
School. The chancel has several handsome monuments, chiefly of
modern erection, and the remains of a very fine brass of a priest
(Fig. 3), on a slab 8£ feet by 4 feet. This has also been despoiled of
its inscription and arms ; but in a letter addressed by the learned
author of " Sepulchral Monuments " to the late Rev. John Derby,
respecting this curious relic, Mr. Derby has written " John Prophete,
or Forfette, 1559;" though I believe it is generally considered of
earlier date. The figures on the richly ornamented cope appear to
be St. Michael, the Virgin and Child, St. Peter, St. Paul, St.
Winefrid, St. Catherine, St. Faith and St. George—
is the only one to whom the name is subjoined.
The Free School (Fig. 4) stands in the churchyard, and has now
no pretensions of affording classical tuition, though it has some ex-
hibitions at one of the Universities. This imperfect account may
perhaps remind a clergyman at Ringwood of his promise to com-
municate the particulars of its endowments, etc.
Over one of the windows is this inscription :
;' '577-
MILLE & QVINGENTOS ' X PO ' QVV • TRANSIIT ' ORBES
NATO • SOL • SEPTE' • & SEPTVAGINTA FVGAX
RICHARD' • LINVS • DOCTRINE • FAVTOR • AMANDA
DOCTRINVE • CVPIDIS ' PABVLA • GRATA DEDIT
SVMPTIB' & PROPRIIS • SQVALENTIA • TECTA • REKECIT
LITERVLIS • APT' • QVO. I.OCVS ' ESSE ' QVFANT
QVO LOC' ' ESSK • QVEANT ' MVSIS ' NC1 ' ESSE ' TENEBRIS
AVTHOR1 • GRATEIS ' GREX ' STVDIOS* ' AGAT."
Yours, etc., WILLIAM HAMPER.,
Romsey. 99
Romsey.
[1817, Part I., p. 209.]
The enclosed impression (see Fig. 6) is from a gem found by a
husbandman in the vicinity of Rumsey ; it is a very fine and
highly polished garnet, the under surface hollowed out. It was set
in fine gold, the back quite plain, the rim very neatly chased, in the
upper part of which chasing were three small holes, probably to
suspend it by a gold chain or thread.
It was in the possession of Mr. Sweeper, a silversmith at Rumsey,
who had taken out the stone for the convenience of weighing the
gold, who was about to make it into a brooch until I dissuaded him
from the design, and urged him to remount it as when found.
The inscription is submitted to the antiquary for explanation, as
well as the purpose for which the gem was intended. H.
[1830, Part II., p. 227.]
In your last supplement are observations on Romsey Church, and
mention made of the choir; that it is "ceiled and painted with
dragons and saints ; the former being the badge of the Tudor family,
marks the period of its erection." I beg to observe that the painted
ceiling of the communion chancel contains the portcullis, supported
on each side by a dragon, repeated at least forty times in compart-
ments alternate with the rose, or rather rows of each. On the north
and south the ceiling is covered for a little way with representations
of saints and martyrs, but greatly obliterated ; likewise, in the middle
of these, on each side, the arms of England, surmounted by a crown
in one instance, and by a mitre in the other. I am at a loss to
account for the portcullis being supported by a dragon on both sides,
as I nowhere recollect to have seen the dragon occupying more than
one side as a supporter. Should any of your correspondents be able
to set me to rights in this particular, I shall of course be thankful.
One of the Corporation seals of Romsey represents a poncullis ;
the inscription is " Sigillvm de Romsey infra, 1578." J. L.
[1840, Part If., pp. 138-141.]
During a recent visit to that interesting edifice, the Abbey Church
of Romsey, I became acquainted with a remarkable discovery made
there a few months ago, which, as for as I can ascertain, presents
some features hitherto unprecedented in our sepulchral antiquities,
and I therefore request permission to lay them before your readers.
On November 1 7 last, upon the death of the only son of Mr.
William Jenvey, the present churchwarden of Roms< y — a gentle-
man, I take the liberty to observe, who shows a highly intelligent
sense of the curiosity and beauty displayed in the architecture of his
church, and a becoming zeal for its due repair and preservation — it
was determined to prepare a grave in that part of the south aisle
7—2
i oo Hampshire.
which forms the space next the first arch of the nave immediately
upon entering from the transept, as shown in the annexed plan.
When the workmen had proceeded to between the depth of four
and five feet, they came upon a large leaden coffin, the head of
which was not placed at all in correspondence with the present
building, but towards the north-west ; and I was assured that part of
the spreading foundation of the contiguous column was placed upon
it. This circumstance seems to show that this was an interment
made -before the erection of the present church, a structure which
some writers have been ready to date back to the century before the
Conquest ; but which, from the massive character of its architecture,
we must at any rate assign to an early Norman period. Mr. Brit'on,
in his " Architectural Antiquities," vol. v., which contains several
plates of Romsey Church, attributes its erection to the early part of
the twelfth century.
The coffin is formed of sheet-lead, about \ of an inch thick ; it is
made from three pieces, which are overlapped and welded together
without soldering. The lid was formed in like manner, and put on
like the lid of a pasteboard box, but secured by iron nails to an inner
coffin, or lining of oak. The length of the coffin is 5 feet, and its
height 15 inches. The head is somewhat wider than the foot ; the
former measuring 18 inches and the latter 13 inches. It weighed
from \\ to 2 cwt.
It is well known that the most customary mode of interring persons
of rank and wealth in our ancient churches was in coffins of stone. *
Yet it appears that lead coffins were occasionally used in all ages.
They were sometimes employed by the Romans; and three or four
decidedly Roman examples have been found in this country. The
notices which Mr. (lough collected of leaden coffins will be seen in
the Introduction to his "Sepulchral Monuments," pp. 39-44, and in
his second Introduction, vol. ii., p. 62, et seq. Among them there are
several instances of leaden coffins inclosed within wooden cases ;
but I have not perceived one of a leaden coffin with a wooden lining,
which is the peculiarity that appears to have contributed to the extra-
ordinary results exhibited in the present case.
That lead was occasionally used for coffins in the Saxon times (to
which there is ground to believe this interment may be assigned), is
shown by the recorded statement that Eadburga, Abbess of Repton
(in the lead district of Derbyshire), who died in 714, sent as a present
to St. Guthlac, duelling in Lincolnshire, a leaden coffin, sarcophagum
plitmbeum ; and St. Dunstan, who died in 988, was interred at
Canterbury in two cases of lead, enclosed in a third of oak, which
also was covered with lead, confined by nails and iron bands.
* Mr. Bloxim remarks that stone coffins were "chiefly used for the interment
of the upper classes from the eleventh to the fourteenth century, after which they
were generally, though gradually, superseded by coffins of lead." — " Glimpse at
Monumental Architecture," etc., p. 55.
Romsey. \ o i
But the interior covering of the corpse, whether the coffin was of
stone, lead, or wood, was generally either an untanned hide or
leather. Leland says that when the tomb of Fair Rosamond at
Godstow was opened in his time, it was found that "her bones were
closin in lede, and withyn that the bones were closid in lether." A
long series of similar instances is collected by Gough ; but in no case
does he mention a wooden lining to the coffin.
Within these wrappers of skins, or the vestments of silk, woollen,
or linen which have been found in ancient coffins when opened, the
skeletons have generally appeared nearly complete in their several
parts ; the larger bones, at least, have seldom been wanting. One
remarkable circumstance in the present instance is, that the whole of
the bones were reduced to a very trifling quantity of dust. The only
exception consisted of two small pieces, which, on being placed in
the sill of an adjoining window, very shortly crumbled away.
In the ancient stone coffins, one or more holes are generally found
perforating the bottom, through which the liquid, generated during
the decomposition of the body, might be drained away. In the
present case there were no holes at the bottom of the coffin, but the
whole body, including the bones, must have been submitted to one
action of decay ; the moisture generated must have been imbibed by
the oaken boards, and from them evaporated through the crevices of
the upper part of the coffin. The oak itself is, for the greater part,
very sound and compact ; it was described to me as the " spine," or
very heart, and the " shingles," or smooth parts of the grain, are
perfect and visible. In some places it is injured by having been
pierced by iron nails from the lid, which have perished by rust, and
induced a decay in the wood. But the greater part of it has retained
the sound qualities of timber felled in the winter (which was the
ancient practice), and it appears rather shrivelled and consolidated
than decayed by age. The only trace of the human body which has
perished upon it is a slight black incrustation. The oaken pillow
upon which the head of the corpse rested was also remarkably
sound.
We now come to notice that portion of the human remains which
is still in perfect preservation — a preservation as extraordinary as the
total disappearance of the other parts of the body. This is the head
of hair, with its long plaited tail, of which a representation is given in
the upper part of the plate. The whole of this hair is in perfect
existence and shape, matted together like a peruke newly sent out
from a wig-maker's. Even the very roots of the hairs are apparent,
whilst the only discernible remains of the skull are in the form of a
slight white powdering. The general colour is a bright brown.*
The durable quality of hair is generally known ; but probably no
* Mr. Gough remarks : " It hns been supposed to be the nature of hair to
acquire a yellowish hue in the grave," and he gives instances, vol. i., p. Ixxxii.
IO2 Hampshire.
more striking instance than the present was ever observed of its
perfect preservation accompanying the total decay of other parts of
the body.
In one of the barrows in Greenwich Park, opened in 1784 by the
Rev. James Douglas, he found, only nine inches from the surface, a
braid of human hair, which is represented in the twenty-second plate
of his " Naenia Britannica." "The braid was tenacious and very
distinct ; and the hair itself, which was of an auburn colour, con-
tained its natural phlogiston." It was accompanied by some remains
of cloth, both of woollen and linen. These remains, and those found
in adjoining barrows, were attributed by Mr. Douglas to the fifth and
the beginning of the sixth century. The same author also mentions
that, " There is now deposited in the Vatican a skull with hair,
which, by the braid and the ornaments upon it, appears to have been
of a female, and to have been interred 1,400 years. It was found not
far from the Tiber, near Rome."
The present very remarkable relic is preserved by the sexton of
Romsey, together with a portion of the pillow, as shown in our sketch,
deposited in a very neat glass case. The leaden coffin is also pre-
served within an enclosure formed by iron railing in the apsis of the
south aisle of this very curious Norman church. There I hope it will
safely remain. I regret that the wooden lining was not kept entire
within it ; that, however, has been cut into pieces, and by the courtesy
of the churchwarden a portion of it was presented to me to bring to
London.
Yours, etc., J. G. N.
[1 841, Part I., pp. 189, 190.]
Another disinterment of an ancient coffin has taken place in this
church, and although by no means so remarkable as that which was
described in our last volume, it may be right to put the particulars on
record, particularly as a very erroneous account (confused with the
former discovery) has appeared in a local paper. Whilst a grave was
opening near the north transept door for the interment of Mr. Tyler
in November last, at the depth of only 15 inches underground the
digger came to a stone coffin covered with a stone lid. The latter was
5 inches thick, and furnished with iron rings ; but the stone was so
fragile that it broke into several pieces upon removal. The coffin was
rabbeted to receive the cover by means of side stones elevated to the
thickness of the lid. It was 7 feet long in the clear. The larger
bones of the corpse were perfect, but the head quite decayed, and
very few portions of it left. A medical gentleman who saw the
remains pronounced them to be those of a female ; and from their
having been deposited within the church, it may be presumed that
they were either those of an abbess, or of some member of the con-
ventual community of a superior grade and dignity.
Ramsey. 103
[1842, Part I., pp. 493-496-]
About the year 1801, the late Dr. John Latham (who was much
better skilled in natural history than archaeology, though sincerely
attached to the latter study), residing at Romsey, exerted himself very
laudably in clearing from whitewash some of the sculptured Norman
capitals in the church. On one of them he found represented a
slaughter-field, upon which two fighting kings are apparently
arrested by the interference of angels. On another there are three
several designs ; first, a king seated is presented by an angel with an
inverted chevron, on which is this inscription : ROBER x T mE feci*.
(I follow the minuscule characters, which are remarkable.) Next,
succeeds a king bearing in his hand a spiral cone. Thirdly, are two
seated figures, holding between them another inverted chevron, in the
centre of which is a grotesque face, and it is inscribed, RobERt TVTE
coNfvlE x ds. One of these figures appears to be winged.
Upon these carvings and inscriptions, which are engraved in the
fourteenth volume of Archieologia, PI. XXXVI., Dr. Latham
modestly forbore to offer any conjecture to the Society of Anti-
quaries ; but he privately communicated to Sir Henry C. Englefield
a suggestion, " that the Robert named in the inscriptions was Robert,
Earl of Gloucester, the constant and formidable opponent of King
Stephen, and that the battle represented on one of the capitals was
the battle of Stockbridge, fought in the neighbourhood of Romsey."*
To this hypothesis Sir Henry Englefield opposed some very grave
objections, and then presented his own theory, that " Robert, the
eldest son of William the Conqueror, fought and unhorsed his father,
whom he only recognised at the moment when he was about to slay
him. . . . The arrest of the son's hand by this fortunate recognition
might not inaptly have been figured by the interposition of angels ;
and the son, as Duke, might wear a crown not unlike his father's."!
A few years after, another gentleman named Latham, the late
William Latham, Esq., F.R.S. and F.S.A., of Quenby Hall, Leicester-
shire, essayed another interpretation. The two kings in the battle-
field become King Alfred and Guthrum the Dane, fighting at the
battle of Ethandune ; and when their contest is arrested by the
angels, the Dane is supposed to be consenting to embrace the
Christian faith, and Alfred, the personage on the left hand, is in the
act of taking hold of his beard, which signified a promise on the part
of Alfred to become his sponsor.$
The figures on the other pillar are supposed by the same writer §
to represent : i. King Edward, the founder of the church, to whom
an angel is offering the plan of the building ; 2. King Edgar, offering
a pyramid, " the appropriate and common emblem of a founder of a
religious house "; and 3. The head of the builder, designated by the
* Anhaologia, vol. xiv., p. 141. t Ibid., p. 142.
t Itid., vol. xv., p. 309. § Ibid., p. 307.
IO4 Hampshire.
inscription to be '• the consul or warden for the year of that set or
company of masons who planned and built this monastery."* This
last very interesting and curious information (were it but true !) is
arrived at by the following interpretation of the inscription — an inter-
pretation scarcely surpassed in any of the most erudite elucidations of
Greek or Roman monuments :
" ROBERT[us] TVTE[larius] CONSVL[aris] C [Centuria] X [decima]
d [domum] S [struxit]."
Now, Mr. Urban, I must confess myself no implicit believer in the
" mysteries of masonry "; on the contrary, I have frequently found
that the true explanations of devices and designs which have been
magnified into something of great importance, are, after all, the
simplest that could be imagined. And such I think is the case
in the present matter, at least, so far as the second capital is
concerned.
As for the former capital, representing the battle, I have no other
remark to make, but that the present church of Romsey is supposed
by modern architectural critics to have been erected not long before
the year i2oo.t Such is the opinion expressed in the "Oxford
Glossary of Architecture," and in the pleasing little work which has
originated these remarks. We are therefore free, in respect of dates,
to adopt any one of the explanations suggested in the Archaologia,
though no sufficient reason is assigned why either of the events
referred to should have been represented in Romsey Church.
That sculptured reliefs and capitals are very frequently allusive to
founders, may at once be admitted. They also sometimes represent
historical occurrences, but not very often, except it be those of holy
writ. And here we may advert to the circumstance, that John Carter
had drawn some of the capitals at Romsey, in the year 1781, before
the whitewash was removed, and engraved them in Plate XXIV. of
his "Ancient Sculpture and Painting." He imagined that the subjects
now under consideration were musical, and took both the inverted
chevrons for "harps." The seated king was David with a harp to
himself, and the two other seated personages were playing on " one
large harp." On this idea nothing more need be said ; but i: may be
remarked that there seem better grounds for supposing that the
* Mr. Spence (" Essay on Romsey," p. 33) has misappropriated the theories.
He assigns to Dr. instead of Mr. Latham that of " the architect "; while he adopts,
and advances as on his own part, Dr. Latham's original idea of Robert Consul of
Gloucester.
t The ' Oxford Glossary " (iii. 27) fixes the architecture of Romsey church circa
1180-1200, remarking that "a great part of this church is of Transition character,
but parts are quite Early English." Mr. Brilton, indeed, has twice given his
opinion that it was erected a century earlier, "either in the latter part of the
eleventh or in the beginning of the twelfth century " (" Architectural Antiquities,"
vol. v., p. 222, and note to new edition of Carter's " Ancient Sculpture and
Painting," 1838, p. 26), but I suspect by an inadvertency of expression.
Romsey. 105
subjects of two other capitals at Romsey are Scriptural, as Samson
and the Lion (instead of "St. George and the Dragon " with Carter),
and another, which Carter himself explained to be " Balaam and his
Ass."
To leave, however, both the field of battle and the field of con-
jecture, I have now to offer a very obvious explanation of the second
capital, and which will be best recommended by its simplicity :
1. The seated king is probably the Saxon founder of the church,
Edgar. The chevron, so ponderous in proportion to the persons,
exactly represents the figure of the high-pitched roofs of ancient
churches, and it is acknowledged to have been an emblem of building
generally. Gwillim says :
"This ordinary is resembled to a pair of barge-couples or rafters,
such as carpenters do set on the highest part of the house, for bearing
of the roof thereof, and betokeneth the atchieving of some business of
moment, or the finishing of some chargeable and memorable work."
Viewed in another light, the figure may still be an emblem of
architecture, as from its rectangular shape it may be supposed to be a
gigantic specimen of the instrument called the square.
The angel, then, or the genius of architecture, is offering to the
attention of the royal founder the pious work of church building.
2. In the second subject, the king, who has now become with zeal
the nursing father of the church, is marching as it were in triumph,
bearing the spire in his hands, as is seen in so many instances of a
later date.
3. The third subject represents the works of the church in progress.
Two carpenters (somewhat indolently, to be sure, for they are seated
on their benches), are moving another rafter, and above is seen the
head of Master Robert, a gentleman who is evidently a good deal
in their way. And now, who was this Robert? Was he Robert
Consul or Earl of Gloucester, as Dr. Latham proposed ? or Robert,
son of the Conqueror, as Sir Henry Englefield suggested ? or Robert,
" the tutelary consul " of the masons, according to the ingenious and
refined hypothesis of Mr. W. Latham ? Extravagant as the last con-
jecture appears (and, indeed, as a reading of the inscription nothing
could be more absurd), it is still the nearest to the truth. He was
clearly the same Robert as is named in the first inscription —
"ROBERTUS ME FECIT."
There might possibly be some room for discussion as to the
character of the person who indited this inscription. Whether
some officer of the church claimed the honour of recording his
name, or the architect, or, finally, the individual sculptor. On the
whole, considering the grotesque character of the work and its un-
obtrusive situation, merely in the midst of a sculptured capital, over
one of the pillars of the south aisle or ambulatory, it seems most
1 06 Hampshire.
probable that the sculptor was only immortalizing, and jesting with,
himself. In the first inscription he simply recorded his workman-
ship, as painters and sculptors occasionally please to do ; and then,
having thus placed an inscription on one of the chevrons, he be-
thought himself how he should inscribe the other. It occurred to
him that he might commemorate himself further by adding his
portrait ; and, though little skilled in portraiture, he could at least
" make a face "; perhaps he had had some practice at the rural and
truly Anglo-Saxon game of grinning through a horse-collar. So he
carved "a large grotesque head, full-faced, the mouth wide open,
showing the teeth and tongue, and eyes full and staring ; in short "
(as Dr. Latham, whose particulars I am quoting, justly describes) '• a
very ugly and disgusting figure"; and then, perfectly satisfied, no
doubt, with his performance, he again recorded his name upon the
chevron in a sentence supposed to be proceeding from the mouths
of the workmen into whose path he was wandering —
" ROBERTE, TUTE CONSULE."
The letters TVTE were, by all the sage antiquaries to whom I
have referred, read as one word, and Mr. Spence is the first
who has thought proper to divide them, whether accidentally or
intentionally does not appear. The division suggested to me, I must
confess, the interpretation I was about to offer, viz., that tu te consule
implied, Take care of yourself ! But though the verb consulo, when
signifying to consult, takes an accusative case, I can find no authority
for such a phrase as tu te consule. We must, therefore, suppose the
words still to be tute consule, a kind of impressive pleonasm. After
the word CONSVLE occurs a little cross, to which I am not inclined
to attach any meaning, as another is placed in the middle of ROBERT
in the first inscription. Then come some letters resembling dS, upon
which I can offer only a conjecture that they may have been intended
for g's, and that for a contraction of qucesumus, when the meaning of
the whole will be :
" ROBERT, TAKE VERY GREAT CARE, WE BEG."
That this familiar and jocose interpretation is not far from correct
is supported by the similar character of another inscription, probably
from the hands of one of the same " Company of Masons," on the
exterior of the church. Near the door at the south-western end of
the nave (says Mr. Spence), " on a buttress, and at some height from
the ground, is a kind of corbel, resembling an emaciated head, and,
cut in the stone wall beneath, the following singular inscription :
"RICARD: CASE: SEMEMASE.".
"What" (adds Mr. Spence) "its signification may be it is now
impossible to determine ; whether it has been the freak of some
Romsey, \ 07
workmen to caricature a brother labourer, or whether its import was
intended to be of greater moment, will, in all probability, never be
decided."
I have been favoured with another reading, which is as follows :
"RICARD: DASE : SETTE : MASK."
Now, this I take to be English in its language, and the carving,
like the former, to be rather a good-natured exhibition of the sculptor
himself, than a caricature upon others. The difficulty in reading the
inscription lies with the letters MASE, which certainly rhyme with
BASE. This name may probably have been pronounced Daisey ;
and, if so, the whole may mean —
" Here Richard Dasl
Set you may see."
Yours, etc., H.
[1862, Part If., pp. 208, 209.]
You, of course, know Romsey Abbey Church, but those of your
readers who have not visited it, and yet are acquainted with its
merits and interest by means of books, articles, and prints, would
hardly conceive the unworthy state in which it is kept. A ludicrous
and yet offensive corporation-pew, a closely-packed block of pews in
the nave, two ugly galleries in the transept, a miserable but cumbrous
pulpit overtopping a roomy reading-desk, and a nondescript piece of
carpentry, called by courtesy an inner porch, deform this noble
building. The exterior is in a lamentable state of decay : the ground
rises upwards of two feet against the walls, iron stack-pipes disfigure
the apsidal chapel of the transept, which has lost its conical roof,
while a corresponding chapel on the north side is a receptacle for
parish engines, ladders, and all kinds of rubbish. A long shed for
ladders, some feet in height, has been built along the side of the
choir, and neglect has left the southern portion of the yard a mass of
tall weeds.
Now, the Romsey tradespeople complain of want of custom, the
hotel keepers lament the dearth of visitors, and the deserted market-
place and doleful-looking streets confirm their statements. May I
suggest that if a public subscription were set on foot to continue Mr.
Ferrey's restorations, and place the Abbey Church in a condition
equal to the requirements of the present times, by sweeping away the
excrescences and barbarisms inflicted upon the building by ignorant
custodians, and renewing what has been decayed, the money would
be well bestowed ? Romsey has only one attraction, and this is now
perverted into a disgrace to both the town and county.
I am, etc., A HAMPSHIRE MAN.
1 08 Hampsh ire.
Southampton.
[1809, Part //., pp. 1200, 1201.]
One of your correspondents some time since requested an account
of the situation of the castle lately erected at Southampton by the
[late] Marquis of Lansdowne, who considered it a delightful residence
during the summer months. It is built with brick, covered with a
white composition. Southampton Castle is situated in the High
Street, nearly opposite to All Saints' Church, on the site of an
insignificant tower, remarkable for its antiquity. The round tower
and upper apartments command a fine view of Southampton estuary,
the river Itchen, and the adjacent country ; but it has no ground,
and the base is entirely blocked up with small houses belonging to
the poorer inhabitants, and it is with difficulty that any door of
entrance can be discovered ; it seems a type of its noble owner's
heart, and, though not fortified, bids defiance to all who would
approach, whether friend or stranger. His lordship's chief delight
is in driving four foresters, whose size not much exceeds that of the
Newfoundland dog. When I recollect the virtues and shining talents
of the old Lord Shelburne, a contrast forcibly strikes me, and I
cannot help exclaiming with Agamemnon, in his speech to Diomed,
" Gods, how the son degen'rates from the sire !"
A LATE VISITANT OF SOUTHAMPTON.
Southwick.
[1807, Part I., p. 325.]
Not far from Portsmouth, in Hampshire, stands Southwick, here
tofore a venerable mansion, but, if I am rightly informed, now con-
verted into a modern dwelling. At this place King Henry VI., was
married to Margaret of Anjou. It was formerly the seat of the
Nortons, the last of whom, by will, left an immense property " to the
poor, the hungry, thirsty, naked, and strangers, sick and wounded,
and prisoners, to the end of the world." He appointed Parliament
his executors, and in case of its refusal the Bishops. This singular
bequest carried such marks of insanity, that it was soon after set
aside, and the domains reverted to the nearest heir.*
Yours, etc., RUSTICUS.
Stockbridge.
[1783, Part I I., p. 709.]
At Stockbridge some men digging near Haughton river found a
large piece of lead with some emblematical figures and an inscription,
by which it is supposed to have been buried near 1,000 years.
[1865, Part I., p. 763.]
You will doubtless assist me in calling attention to a needless
demolition of an ancient church in Hampshire.
* See Shaw's " Tour in the West of England."
Stockbridge. iog
The parish church of Stockbridge is a building of the latter part of
the thirteenth century, to which date belong a good plain tower, the
side pillars and arches of the nave, the south wall of the aisle, and
two good windows with plate tracery. The building was repaired
and enlarged about the middle of the fourteenth century, when the
eastern bay of the south aisle was rebuilt some three feet wider than
before, and carried through as a chancel aisle as far as the east end
of the chancel. At the same time fresh windows were inserted
throughout the church ; among them a good east window with
reticulated tracery. All the side windows are square-headed ; a
fashion which might be noticed in the interesting old chancel of the
neighbouring church of Nether Wallop, which chancel was pulled
down in 1845, and rebuilt in a vulgar Perpendicular style. The east
window of the north aisle is worthy of remark, being very widely
splayed inside, and having a niche for a figure in each splay. In the
pier close by this window the old rood-loft stairs remain. A curious
little niche over the eastern pillar on the north side of the nave is
another feature which would never be reproduced in the threatened
modern church.
The roofs of the church have all their ancient timbers of the
fourteenth century, many of them well moulded. The rafters are all
hid by later lath and plaster.
Perhaps these few notes may help to call the attention of some ot
the neighbouring clergy and gentry to this interesting church. It
has hitherto been little noticed, being in a very retired part of the
county. Perhaps the opening of the new railway from Andover to
Redbridge may bring a few antiquarian visitors to it, who may exert
themselves to save it. But its days are, I fear, numbered. I hear
thet a new church is to be built in another part of the town, and the
old one to be demolished. At a vestry meeting at which this was
resolved on, only one voice was raised in behalf of the repair of the
old church. Nor is this to be wondered at, when builders' and
bricklayers' interests have to be consulted, and when Italian and
German architecture is fast pushing out our valuable old English
models ; which, if Ruskinism and " restoration " go on as they have
done of late, will in another generation be as scarce as Druidical
temples. I am, etc., WILLIAM GREY.
Stoneham.
[1797, Part II., p. 574.]
I could wish some of your Hampshire correspondents would
favour you with some account of Stoneham, and its successive lords.
In the new "Collections for Hampshire," reviewed in p. 44, it is
said to be, 1740, the seat of Sir Seymour Pile, Bart., who has been
dead at least forty years, and could not have held it in right of his
wife, because the estate reverted to the Flemings on the widow of
no Hampshire,
the late Colonel F., by whom she had no issue, marrying to her
second husband the late Sir S. P. In Kimber's " Baronetage,"
1771, vol. i., p. 330, Sir S. P. is said to have died 1761, leaving by
Jane, only daughter of John Lawford, of Stapleton, county Gloucester,
Esq. (who* died 1726), one son, Sir S. and one daughter. This son,
the then present baronet, is stated to be a minor in 1771 ; which is
impossible, for he was married to Mrs. Fl. and dead, and she too, it
is believed, before 1756. The Pile family were originally of Berks,
but by marriage removed into Wilts, and settled at Axford Park, in
that county, where Kimber leaves them, though afterwards they were
at Somerley, in Hants, near Christchurch, where, it is believed, the
later branches were buried. But on this subject, and on the last
baronet and his marriage, or marriages, information is requested ;
also the monumental inscriptions, if any, at Axford and Somerley.
A grandson of the celebrated antiquary, Browne Willis (quer), by
which of his sons, Thomas or Henry ?) took the name of Fleming,
and, it is believed, is the present possessor of Stoneham.
Yours, etc., D. H.
Tichborne.
[1810, Part I., pp. 305, 306.]
The village of Tichborne is situate about six miles from Winchester,
and two from Alresford, and gives name to a very ancient family,
still resident there. The present baronet has recently taken down
the old mansion, and erected a new one. The church stands on the
crown of a hill, and is a conspicuous object through the surrounding
country. It is an ancient edifice of flint, consisting of a nave and
side aisles, divided by Pointed arches, with a chancel, and having at
the west end a brick tower, with pinnacles, erected 1703, containing
six bells. The font is circular, plain, and plastered over. Stairs,
formerly leading to the rood-loft, remain within a pillar, on the south
side of the nave. In one of the quatrefoils of the chancel-window is
a whole-length of St. Andrew, in stained glass, and in another, the
remains of a flowered ornament. In the chancel are also a piscina
(plastered up) and a locker ; corbels for images on each side the
east window ; an old coffin-shaped slab, face downward ; and some
glazed tiles.
On a slab in the nave :
" Here lyeth interred the body of Thomas King, gent., many years Steward and
Clerk of the Lands of the Bishoprick of Winchester, who departed this life the
$th day of March, in the year of our Lord 174!, in the 5 1st year of his age."
Arms : Sable, a lion rampant ducally crowned between three cross
crosslets argent impaling or. Crest : out of a ducal coronet or, a
demi ostrich argent, wings endorsed. Motto : " Legitime certanti."
The north aisle, if we may believe Sir Benjamin Tichborne's
* This " who " must refer to his father.
Tichborne. 1 1 1
monument, was erected in the reign of Henry I. by Sir Robert
Tichborne, Knight. It contains the following sepulchral memorials.
On a brass, upon a slab :
" Jh« habem'eg of the etmlt of 3lnne Utithebotn*, one of the bottghters
of »obt SSthgtt of (Sathintr borne, esqttjtr, late topf* of ^luh'as "Cuthtbotnt
of ^Ijthtbomt, sont of John ^gthebornt, brotfur anb heir* of S&tU'm,
))' rliirst sonc of the saib Jlohn ; tohicht Anne bcp'tcb lltia luorlbc the xxiiij
bag of ffebruarg, the sere of 0* lorb Jfrtt.^c. <£!«£.
Two small plates of arms : first, vaire a chief or ; second, a chevron
between three . . . (birds).
On a mural monument, with the effigies of a child reclining on a
cushion :
" HEERE LYETH RICHARD TICHBORNE, Ye SONNE OF Sr RICHARD TICHBORNE,
KNIGHT, AND DAME SUSAN HIS WIFE, ONE OF Y" DAUGHTERS AND COHEIRES
OF WILLIAM WALLF.R, ESQ. WHOE DEPARTED THIS LIFE Ye FIVETH DAY OF
MARCH, 1619, AFTER HE HAD LIVF.D ONE YEARE, SIX MONETHES, AND TOO
DAIES."
Arms : Vaire, a chief or, impaling . . . between two bendlets.
A large marble monument, with recumbent figures of the parties
deceased, and the figures of four sons and three daughters kneeling
on the sides of the monument Under an arch, beneath a pediment,
supported by two Corinthian pillars, with arms, etc., is the following
inscription in capitals. [Inscription omitted.]
The helmet still remains over this monument.
In the window of this aisle are the remains of a saint in stained
glass. Beneath is the original altar-table of oak, with " I. H. S." and
crosses carved on it On each side are corbels for images, and on
the right hand a piscina. WILLIAM HAMPER.
Tytherley.
[1805, Part I., p. 409.]
Fig. 6 is copied from a board which is placed over the gallery in
the church at Tytherley in Hants. I could not learn from any of
the inhabitants of the village when or why it was placed there.
Some of your numerous readers may, perhaps, be able to explain the
use of it. A. P.
Upham.
[1829, Part /., pp. 217, 218.]
I offer for insertion in your pages the accompanying view of the
birthplace of Dr. Young, whose works have placed him in the first
rank of genius among our English poets. . . . The sketch of the old
parsonage where this eminent writer first drew his breath may also be
the more interesting as the house no longer exists; since, having
become ruinous, it was a few years ago taken down and rebuilt on
the same spot by the present estimable rector, the Rev. J. Haygarth.
The window in the gable (in the front of the drawing) was that of
112 Hampshire.
the room in which the poet was born. The late elegant scholar and
critic, Dr. Joseph Warton, was formerly Rector of Upham, and
during his incumbency he caused the event to be commemorated' by
a tablet suspended in the apartment, and bearing this inscription :
" In hoc cubiculo natus erat eximius ille Poeta Edvardus Young,
1 68 1." This tablet, a twofold relic of departed genius, is still
preserved in the new house. . . .
Two or three years ago a series of ancient paintings was discovered
on the north wall of Upham Church. I was informed that these
paintings were of the rudest description, and very imperfect. What
they were or what they represented I cannot say, as the merciless
whitewash brush obliterated them before I was informed of the
discovery. Similar figures, but I suspect much more perfect and
curious, were not long before brought to light in the ancient and
curious Church of East Meon (engraved in the Gentleman's Magazine,
1819).* These, too, shared the same fate, and are irretrievably lost
to the eye of the antiquary. An inscription on the north side of the
chancel records the death of a former rector, of distinguished worth
of character, a genuine " country parson " of the Herbert school. It
is as follows :
"Near this place lye the remains of the Reverend John White, M.A., Rector of
this Church, who being endued with every grace requisite to adorn his sacred
office, and having apply'd himself constantly to the good of his people, dy'd
universally lamented by them, and by all persons who knew him, June 22, 1738,
aged fifty-five."
I have mentioned in my former account the burial of the wife of
Father Schmidt in this church. Her epitaph runs thus :
" Here lyes Anne, wife of Mr. Bernard Smith, of London, one of His Majesty's
servants, and chief of all that this nation has known in the art of making organs.t
She died Sept. gth, 1689, aged 63 years."
I flatter myself that these particulars relating to times which are
past, and names which still live, will not be altogether uninteresting
to your numerous readers. C. W.
Upton Grey.
[1796, Part I., ff. 15, 16.]
The parish of Upton Grey is situated in the Hundred of Bar-
manspit, in the county of Hants. The nearest market towns are
Odiham and Basingstoke. From the latter it is distant about five
* Ante, p. 63.
t A specimen of the skill of this admirable artist exists in the organ of the
neighbouring church of Waltham. The instrument is a small one, having been
originally a chamber organ ; but the tone, particularly of the diapasons and
principal, is equal to anything I have ever heard, and much resembles that of the
corresponding stops in the fine organs of Father Schmidt's building, in London,
Oxford, and Cambridge. The pipes are all of wood, and the instrument is in
pood preservation and condition.
Upton Grey.
miles, of very bad road, unless the traveller is allowed to pass through
Hackwood Park, an indulgence which has been rarely denied, as the
other road is very unsafe for a carriage ; yet, through the caprice of
the gate-keeper, a serious accident had nearly happened to two ladies
lately and to one not long ago from a refusal. This is meant as a
hint to the worthy owner, the Right Hon. Mr. Orde Powlett, who is
no doubt ignorant of the circumstances. To return to the subject
after this digression. Upton Grey affords little that is interesting to
the antiquary. It probably derives its latter name from some former
owner. The soil is chalky, the land chiefly arable, there being only
a few acres of meadow. In the parish are several copyhold estates.
The manor of Upton Grey belongs to Adolphus Meetkirke, Esq., to
whom it came by marriage with Miss Skinner, who had it by devise
from Mrs. Opie, a name formerly of considerable note in the parish.
The principal proprietors besides Mr. Meetkirke are Mr. Talk, of
Salisbury, and Mr. Leech, an eminent farmer.
Hoddington is a hamlet, in which John Linibery, Esq., has a seat
with pleasant walks. He has here a small manor.
The church, which is rectorial, is rather a mean structure, double-
bodied (a modern part having been added by the family of Limbery),
with a tower, chancel, and porch.
There are no brasses in this church, nor any monuments of much
antiquity, the oldest in the chancel being that of Lady Dorothy Eyre.
It is a mural monument of marble, with her effigies and the arms of
her connections, Eyre, Bulstrodf, Clyffe, etc. The inscription runs
thus. [Omitted.]
There are some other verses on the same lady on a tablet, but, not
being remarkable for their goodness, are omitted here.
In the chancel are also buried :
"Mrs. Eliz. Evelyn, wife of Sidney Evelyn, Esq., 8 March, 1762. Her sister,
Miss Mary Hill, Aug., 1752. Sidney Evelyn, Esq., 19 Jan., 1782, set. 63."
In the body of the church, near the pulpit, is a mural monument
of alabaster thus inscribed :
"MS. Johannis Mathew Armigeri qui Hoddingtoni ex antiqua prosapia natus
et apud Oxonienses in Coll. Wadham, per septem annos studiorum cursum peregit,
in honorabilidehinc Greyensium Societate Legum Angliae municipalium studio et
professioni se addixit in qua Sparta ornanda optimus cliemum Advocatus et cer-
tissimum in dubijs Legum Oraculum merito audivit. Ob. A. .Ktatis su;v 57.
Christi 1687."
Arms : A lion rampant crowned. No colours expressed.
There is in the church another monument for Barbara, relict of
Richard Opie, Gent., and only daughter of Malechy Dudeney, late of
this place, Gent She died October 20, 1697, set. fifty, leaving three
sons, Nicholas, Thomas, and John, and a daughter, Barbary ; also
the body of Thomas Opie aforesaid, who was a linen-draper in
London, and died March 19, 1700, set. twenty-two.
VOL. XVII. 8
114 Hampshire.
Arms of Opie : Sable, on a chevron between three garbs or three
pellets.
Arms of Dudeney : Argent, a bend cotised ermine.
The only monument besides worth noticing is that to the memory
of a very worthy character, still remembered with respect by many of
the inhabitants, James King, Esq., who died August 15, 1766. . . .
[Inscription omitted.]
The best house in Upton Grey, now inhabited by — — Beaufoy,
Esq., belonged to Mr. King, and was devised by him to Mr. Leech.
The manor-house of Upton Grey is near to the church, and is now
only a farmhouse.
The rectory of Upton Grey is in the patronage of Queen's College,
Oxford ; it is worth about £200 per annum. The present incumbent,
is the Rev. Mr. Atkinson, who does not reside here, but at another
living in the county.
Warblington.
[1795, Fart 11., pp. 638-640.!
The parochial church of Warblington is situated about two furlongs
from the sea-coast, and adjoining to the parish of Havant, in the county
of Hants. A traveller, on viewing the exterior part of this building,
would not form any favourable notion of the beauty and regularity of
its inside, which is very conspicuous on entering it. The received
opinion of its being founded by two pious maiden sisters I look upon
as entirely fabulous, as a survey of its materials, which correspond
with the style or the architecture of a neighbouring castle, tempts me
to believe this edifice, as well as the castle, was erected by the same
powerful baron some time in the age of Henry VII., and probably
out of gratitude for completing so stupendous a work. The church
is divided into a chancel and a nave, which is separated from two
side aisles by four Gothic arches, supported on one side by low
round pillars, usually termed Saxon, and on the other by a mixture
of the Gothic and Saracenic. At the end of the north aisle there
appears undoubted testimony of its being used as an oratory ; the
windows of which, being decorated with painted glass in an unusual
style of elegance, favours the conjecture ; and at the end of the other,
under a very handsome and curious arch, seems to have been
deposited the remains of the founder; and above it, the frail
memorial of a mutilated image, the inscription, if any, being long
since worn away by the initials of names carved on it by every idle
and illiterate clown. With the assistance of a lantern I discovered
the following inscription on three small bells, which probably some of
your ingenious correspondents might be able to decipher :
")).iu,o.r.t.iii0,n0li>,3Vto,i9i,U>i,t»)3."
As ihis living was under the patronage of a distinguished family
for many years, I have here added a list of the rectors which I found
Warblington. i \ 5
inserted in the Parish Registers. The first we find any account of is
Ralph Smallpage, obiit 6° die Mali, 1558. After a space of eighty
years, John Harrison was inducted 1646, Richard Bereton 1690,
Vincent Bradston 1721, Samuel Dogard 1740, John Slaughter 1752,
Samuel Torrent 1764, William Norris 1789, by whose kind assistance
I have been enabled to collect with certainty the above particulars.
This living is valued in the King's books at ^19 95. 4^1!. ; tenths,
;£i i8s. 4|d. ; probably dedicated to St. Thomas, as the fair of this
parish is held on the eve of that day, and situated in the diocese of
Winchester.
In the chancel there are the remains of a tessellated pavement, as
well as several stone coffin-lids bearing the arms of the Knights
Templars ; and, even with the pavement, the following monumental
inscriptions, viz :
" Here lyeth interred the body of RICHARD COTTON*, of Bedh.impton and \Varb-
lington, esq., son of George Cotton, esq., and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George
Symonds, and husband to Elizabeth, daughter of the Honourable John Lumley,
esq., and sister to the Right Honourable Lord Viscount Lumlev, of Siansted,
now Earle of Scarbarg, who piously departed this life the 2Oth March, anno
Domini 1695. Maritumamantissimus, patrum genero.-,issimus,omniUisjustissimus."
" Here lyeth FRANCIS COTTON, son unto Richard Cotton, of \Varblington, am!
unto Elizabeth, his wife, who was daughter unto John Lumley, son unto the Lord
Lumley, of Stansted, who departed Uiis life the 251)1 September, 1687, cetatis
su:e I2°."
" In memory of Capt. NICHOLAS HARMAN, who departed this life, May 2710,
1776 ; many years commander in the Jamaica trade."
On a brass plate affixed to the south wall, with the figure of a
person praying, neatly engraved :
"Before this monument lyeth buried the bodye of RAFKF. SMAI.PAC.E, late
chapl* to the Righte Honorable the Earle of Southampton, lorde chavncelor of
Englande, and parson of this church. Obiit 6 die Maij, a" U'ni 1558. O, prayes
the Lord !"
In the south aisle :
" Under this lyeth the body of THOMAS, son of Thomas and Ann Sone, who
departed this life Feb. the l8th, 1767, aged 33 years."
Adjoining to the above :
" Under this lyeth the body of THOMAS SONE, who died June the igth, anno
D'ni 1763, in the 641)1 year of his age. Near this lyeth ANN, wife of the above
Thomas Sone, who died Sept. the 6th, anno D'ni 1750, in the 4Qth year of her
age. Also lyeth ANN, daughter of the above Thomas and Ann Sone, who died
Nov. the 8th, anno D'ni 1753, in the iSth year of her age."
Length of the church, 108 feet.
The descendants of John Belton are s'.ill resident in the same
parish, but conditioned to the necessity of day-labour.
The following epitaph on Dr. Johnson is the production of a young
gentleman (eminent for his literary abilities) whilst at Winchester
College :
"Johnson, farewell ! by Heaven's high will design'd
To mend the heart, and humanize the mind ;
8—2
1 6 Hampshire.
Whose moral page all servile acts disowns,
Nor fears the courtier's or the critick's frowns.
Farewell, blest shade ! to such great merits true,
Angelic forms thy grave with laurels strew,
Fair Science there her constant vigils keeps,
And o'er her much-lov'd son in silence weeps."
[1810, Part I., p. 105.]
The enclosed drawing of Warblington Church (Plate I.) is much
at your service. The outside appearance of this edifice promises but
little ; but the inside is very uniform and handsome, and, having
been lately new pewed and repaired, is inferior to few country parish
churches in point of neatness and comfort.
An account of this church was some years since drawn up by a
friend of mine, and inserted in your vol. Ixv., p. 639.
A farther account of it, drawn up by me, is published in the
second volume of the " Hampshire Repository."
Yours, etc., W. NORRIS.
Wherwell.
[1799, Part ll.,p. 1034.]
During a short residence at Winchester, having purchased an
abstract of Mr. Milner's History and Survey of that ancient city, I
observed in the last page but one the following paragraph :
" At Wherwell, on the road to Andover, is the seat of Joshua Ire-
monger, Esq. This was once a celebrated Benedictine abbey,
founded by the beautiful Elfrida, in which she long resided the model
of a true penitent."
This naturally attracted my attention ; for the smallest fragment of
a mutilated religious building or ruinated castle has long been the
object of my veneration.
Induced by this paragraph, the ensuing day I visited this ancient
spot ; but, to my utter disappointment, discovered that no vestiges
of " the ivy-mantled " walls of the monastery now detain the way-
worn traveller. The gardener, however, conducted me to a fruit-
wall opposite the house, where I discovered the following inscrip-
tion :
" Anno Domini, 1649. Here was the monastery of Wherwell, erected by Queene
Ethelred, demolished by the over-acted zeal or avarice of King Henry ; and of
its last ruins here buried there yet remains this monument."
This stone, I understand, was originally placed in the ruins of the
monastery ; but the owner, having levelled these small remains of
antiquity, judiciously fixed it in its present situation.
When these walls were raised, in levelling a tump or tumulus near
them, were discovered several chalk coffins, images, a key of curious
shape, a large spur with the rowel inverted, and likewise a cross.
The two latter from neglect are for ever buried in oblivion ; but,
Winchester. 1 1 7
having procured a view of the key, I have enclosed a draught of it
(Fig 4).
There seems to be some little difficulty in reconciling the name
Ethelred for Elfrida, for she is never styled in history by that name.
This I do not, however, imagine detracts from the authority of the
stone.
To Harewood, in Yorkshire, is erroneously attributed by many the
unfortunate but merited catastrophe of Earl Athelwold ; but the
authority of William of Malmesbury, Dugdale, and many others,
evinces the erroneousness of their assertion. Those who are not
thoroughly satisfied with this account may consult Dugdale's " Monast.
Angl.," vol. i., p. 256, ed. 1655.
Winchester.
[1865, Part If., pp. 208-210.]
In this wonderful age of church building Winchester has done its
quota. The parish of St. Thomas has a handsome new church,
more suitable both in size and beauty to the population and im-
portance of the parish. The Church of St. Miurice has been
rebuilt ; a district church has been erected in the parish of St. Miry
Kalendar, and another in the parish of St. Faith, and the erection of
a third is in contemplation. This affords a m irked contrast to the
state of the city a little more than two hundred years ago, when the
mayor, bailiffs, and commonalty petitioned that it might be formed
into two parishes, accompanied by an intimation that the two
Parliamentary ministers were amply sufficient for the religious wants
of the inhabitants :
" By the Commissioners for Plundered Ministers, October it), 1652.
" Upon consideracion had of the Petition of the Mayor, Bayliffs,
and Commonalty of the Citty of Winchester, in the County of
Southampton, thereby alleadging that there are within the said Citty
the severall parish churches of Clements, Thomas, Swithins Kings-
gate, Lawrence, Calender, Maurice & Peteers Colebrooke,* divers or
most of which Churches are very ruinous and fallen much into
decay, and that the same have stood void and destitute of Ministers
for divers years now past ; And the sayd parishes are soe small that
they may fitly be reduced into two parishes ; It is therefore ordered
that the parish Churches of Calendar, Maurice, & Peeler's Cole-
brook aforesaid be united, and that the parishioners and Inhabitants
of the said severall parishes doe resort unto the said Church of
Maurice for publique Worship, and that the severall other parishes of
Clement, Thomas, Lawrence, and Swithins Kingsgate be also united,
and that the respective parishioners and inhabitants thereof doe
* A contemporary hand his written upon the margin of this document:
" What ! the lilack Saints on earlhe unsaimed those glorious saints in heaven !"
1 8 Hampshire.
resort unto the Parish Church of Thomas aforesaid for publique
Worship. And that the two Ministers placed in the said Citty by
authority of Parliament doe officiate and preach the gospell to the
Inhabitants of the said Citty in the aforesaid Churches of Thomas
& Mauricf, unless good causes shalbe shewen to the contrary before
this Committee on the second day of December next, whereof
notice is to be given to the Inhabitants of the sayd respective
parishes in the publique places of meeting in the sayd Citty. And it
is further ordered that the Mayor and Commonalty of the sayd Citty
doe make enquiry what goods, chattels, and materials, are belonging
to the sayd severall parish churches, and make retorne therof to this
committee by the said day. " JOH. DOVE,
" JOHN BARKER,
"JA. NELTHORPE."
The next document certifies the result :
" By the Committee for Plundered Ministers, December f)th, 1652.
" Wheras this Committee the 291)1 of October last, ordered that the
severall churches of Calender, Maurice, and Peelers Colebrooke
within the Citty of Winchester should be united, and that the
several! Churches of Clements, Thomas, Lawrence, and Swithins
Kingsgate, should be also united, and that the respective Inhabitants,
parishioners of the said parishes, should resort unto the Churches of
Maurice and Thomas for publique worship, and that the two
Ministers placed in the said citty by authority of Parliament should
officiate and preach the Gospell to the inhabitants of the said Citty
within the said churches of Maurice and Thomas, unless good cause
should be shewen to the contrary before this committee on the
second day of December instant, And noe cause hath beene as yett
shewen to the contrary, although it appeareth that the sayd Order was
duly published in the said Citty ; It is therefore Ordered that the
sayd former order as to the sayd Union be confirmed, and that the
sayd Churches be united according to the purport and tenure thereof,
and that the aforesayd Ministers doe officiate and preach the gospell
diligently to the Inhabitants of the sayd Citty within the sayd
Churches of Maurice and Thomas, and receive and enjoy the tithes,
rents, duties, and profitts whatsoever of or belonging to the sayd
respective churches till further Order shalbe taken in the premisses,
and all person and persons are required to give all due obedience
hereunto accordingly. And it is furthered Ordered that the Mayor and
Aldermen of the said Citty doe secure the goods, chattells, and
materialls of or belonging to the sayd severall Churches till further
Ordered therein, and to be disposed according as they shall receive
further direction. • " THO. LISTER,
"GlLBT. MlLLINGTON,
"JO. GOODWYN,
" WILL. HAY."
Winchester. \ i g
These documents are of some interest in connection with a curious
and rare tract, entitled, "A Vindication of the City of Winchester
against the Mis-Representations and Aspersions cast upon them in a
late Printed Paper. By way of Petition and Articles directed to the
Right Honourable the House of Peers, in the Business of the
Churches of that Cicy. Seriously commended to be thoroughly
read and perused by all to who.n the Printed Paper hath or shall
come." By a Friend to the city of Winchester. London : Printed
in the year 1660.
In speaking of the parish church of St. Swithun's, Kingsgate :
" How ruinous it was, and for the quality of it and place of its
standing, how unfit for a congregation of the city to meet in, is well
known to all that know anything of the state of it : but to dispatch
at once all that concerns this church, which the Corporation arc-
charged to let to one Robert Allen, his wife delivered of children at
one end thereof, and a hogsty made of the other."
Some of the other churches are described as being untiled and
without roofs ; grass, nettles, and weeds growing in them. The
church of St. Mary Kalendar :
" A ghastly sight of two ruinous walls, lying open for butchers to
empty thi-rein the bellies of their killed beasts, and persons of ail
sorts to lay their excrements, as to become little other than a
Jakes."
It also mentions that the Church of St. Clement's was made a
hogsty, and that the bones of the dead were thrown about the street.
I am, etc., FRANCIS JOSEPH BAIGENT.
[1797, Parti., p. 397-]
In digging for flints last week to pave the court of the King's
house in this city, which is now turned into commodious and elegant
barracks, the workmen struck upon a stone doorway, which led into
a large chamber built of flints and Portland stone, plastered over, and
heretofore groined, the fluted corbels and springing of the arches
being perfect. There is a passage from the same, which seems to lead
into the castle ditch, or more probably into a way which was
separated from the ditch by a parapet wall. There is also a part of
a stone staircase, which led out of the said chamber into the upper
parts of the tower, or perhaps into the main body of the building.
The tower in question was evidently one of the four which flanked
the keep of this castle before the same was taken and dismantled by
Oliver Cromwell, who was as great a destroyer of castles as his pre-
decessor, Thomas Cromwell, was of monasteries. There was a fifth
tower to this keep of rather a different figure from the rest, which
formed the gateway of the same.
In a work on the antiquities of Winchester, which at present
occupies my whole leisure time, and which I hope will in a very
1 20 Hampshire.
short time be presented to the public, I propose to give a sketch of
the keep in question, with the other parts of the castle, as they
existed in ancient times, as likewise the king's palace here, as it was
intended to have been completed by Sir Christopher Wren, had not
the unexpected death of Charles II. put a stop to that magnificent
work, and with it to all the hopes of Winchester's rising to its former
greatness. Should the present undertaking of clearing out the ruins
of the castle be continued, it is obvious how advantageous the same
must prove to my present researches. J. M.
[1797, rare II., p. 545.]
The researches amongst the ruins of the ancient castle in this city
having been continued under the direction of Captain Cartwright,
my opinion is fully confirmed of the chamber, which I described to
you, having been the inside of one of the towers which flanked the
keep or dungeon of the said castle. Being perfectly cleared out, it
appears in an oval form, 16 feet in length, intersected at the end
adjoining to the main body of the building by a straight wall of
1 2 feet. There are six ornamented corbels in perfect preservation,
with the butmentsof as many springers, which supported the vaulting
of the chamber in question, and which admitted a height in it of
about 8 feet. At the distance of about 6 feet from the bottom of
the tower are holes in the walls, which admitted the timber of the
flooring to the said chamber, to which depth the stone steps, men-
tioned in my last, conduct. This lower apartment could have been
nothing but a cellar or a prison. The walls of the tower, which are
circular on the outside as well as within, are 9 feet thick; but,
having been robbed of their casing of large polished stones, must
originally have been at least 10 feet thick. Pieces of cannon-ball
have been found among the ruins, which seem to argue that this
castle, during its last siege, made a more gallant defence under Lord
Ogle than we have generally imagined ; as likewise two large iron
wedges much used, which have evidently been employed in disjoint-
ing the stones when the same were wanted for building the adjoining
King's house.
The tower which has been explored is that to the north-east. At
present the workmen are employed in tracing out the south-east
towir; which, like the former, appears to have been circular and
nearly of the same dimensions. The ascertaining of these points are
of some importance to my intended publication. What, however,
appears to promise the richest store of information is a large square
mass at the north-west point of the keep, from which enormous
piles, weighing some hundred of tons, have been cast by the all-
conquering power of confined gunpowder, whilst the lower part seems
to have been less injured than any other part of this renowned ancient
fortress and palace. J. M.
Winchester. 1 2 r
[1797, Part II., pp. 637,638.]
Since the date of my last the researches at the ancient castle in
this city have been discontinued. In fact it was clear that nothing
more existed there to be sought after. We were disappointed in our
expectations of finding chambers in the other towers similar to that
which we discovered in the tower to the north-east. In the mean-
time the form and dimensions of the said towers, and of the castle in
general, are ascertained for the information of the curious ; and the
public service has gained a quantity of wrought stones and an extent
of level ground which have more than repaid the expense of the
undertaking.
When the digging at the castle ceased, certain tombs in the cathedral
were explored, but with that respect which was due to the venerable
dead, and which became the informed and polished minds of the
learned antiquaries who undertook the researches.
The first sepulchre that was opened is one which has generally
been conceived to belong to our patron St. Swithin. In this nothing
was found but the remains of a human body in its natural position,
with the mouldering coffin in which it had been buried, some black
cloth in which the same had been wrapped, and the remains of boots
which had covered the legs. In short it was plain that St. Swithin
did not rest in that grave, which probably belonged to one of the
priors of the cathedral. The second tomb explored on this occa-
sion was that which is vulgarly called " King Lucius's." The state
of the bones here proved that the same had been disturbed at some
former period ; and the silk, still entire in it, is an additional argu-
ment against the absurd notion of this having been occupied by the
first Christian King. The third sepulchre opened was called "Fox's."
This opinion, which is contrary to historic records, was demonstra-
tively confuted, in consequence of the said grave being found per-
fectly empty.
J. MILNER.
[1798, Part II., pp. 1033, 1034.]
In the " History of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Survey of the
Antiquities of Winchester," by the Rev. J. Milner, whose glowing pen
has of late so often animated your instructive pages, are the following
observations on Mr. West's painting of the Raising of Lazarus, over
the communion-table in the choir of that cathedral. . . . With my
best wishes for the success of a work which does honour to the
nation, I am
Yours, etc., J. C.
"Advancing towards the sanctuary, or chancel, the first object
that is usually pointed out to us is the celebrated altar-picture by
West, representing our Lord raising Lazarus from the dead. Hereto-
fore pious pictures of every kind, as well as statues, were removed
1 2 2 Hampshire.
out of churches and destroyed, as tending to superstition and
idolatry ; but now the use and advantage of them, for informing
and exciting the minds of the people, as well as for the decoration
of the churches themselves, is admitted ; by which means a ^reat
source of support and encouragement is opened to our historical
painters. Notwithstanding this, it has happened, for causes which
it is not necessary here to explain, that our national artists have not
succeeded so well on Scriptural subjects as on most others. The
picture before us is considered as a masterpiece of modern painting ;
but when have modern painters been found equal to a religious
subject ? When has a Reynolds or a West been able to animate
their saints, and still less the Lord of saints, with that supernatural
cast of features, with that ray of Promethean light which a Raphael
and a Rubens have borrowed from heaven itself wherewith to inspire
them ? The Apostles here are mere ordinary men, or at most
thoughtful philosophers, or like elegant courtiers studious of their
attitudes ; the devout sisters, in the presence of their beloved Master,
are remarkable for nothing but their beauty and their sorrow. Christ
Himself, who in the work of Rubens on this subject treads the air,
and, with uplifted hands and glowing features, animates us as well as
Lazarus with new life, appears more like a physician prescribing a
medicine for the recovery of his patient than the great Messiah, who
is working an astonishing miracle for the conversion of a nation. If
any one will maintain that this tranquil character is more suitable to
our Lord on this occasion than one of greater feeling and admira-
tion, we beg leave to oppose to him the inspired history of the event,
' Jesus groaned in spirit, and was troubled ; He wept, and He
cried with a loud voice, Lazarus, come forth.'* Whatever may be said
in commendation of the inferior characters, as the Pharisees, the
multitude, and of Lazarus himself, we willingly subscribe to."
[1864, Part II., p. 27.]
By the unanimous vote of the Town Council, on Thursday last
(May 5), it was decided to do all that possibly can be done towards
the preservation of the city muniments, making them virtually
accessible to the antiquary and historian. Mr. Francis Joseph
Baigent, of Winchester, an antiquary of acknowledged ability and
deeply versed in ancient records, has undertaken the task of arrang-
ing and sorting this vast mass of archives, the accumulation of
nearly six centuries — a work of much labour and no little difficu'ty.
Mr. Baigent's well-known anxiety for the preservation of ancient
records alone could have prompted him to venture upon such a task,
the accomplishment of which will reflect much credit upon the city.
— Hampshire Chronicle.
* St. John xx. 33.
Winchester. 123
[1830, Part 1., p. 204.]
Your reviewer speaks of the ancient hall at Winchester Castle
as being divMed by pillirs and arches, and Mr. Buckler asserts
the same in his clever essay on Eltham Palace. That the building
now used as a hall is so divided, is certain ; but I must question
whether the present is the original destination of the structure. It
has every appearance of a chapel ; a supposition which is confirmed
by its being situated according to the ecclesiastical arrangement ;
and, until some evidence is adduced to show that it has always been
used as a hall, I should rather be inclined to consider that the present
building is the chapel of the castle.
[1819, Part //.,/. 133.]
The reparations that are making at Winchester Cathedral, take
them in general, are not of the best taste. The roof of that part
where the transept is united is in imitation of Henry VII., and the
colours too gaudy in my opinion ; light blue prevails, that is offensive
to the eye ; the roof of the choir is of the same description. The
Chapel of La Vierge, where they now perform service during the
repairs, is, I believe, finished with a glaring red curtain to keep them
warm ; this might do in winter, but in summer it put me in a fever;
and instead of painting, that which ought to be so is done with a
nasty glazy varnish, and the pavement in the same disfigured state
as belore.
The choir, I am afraid, will not correspond with the expectations
of many antiquaries ; the four angles of the four arches of the great
tower are four kings, with each a sceptre. I took them to be four
Highlanders from their dress, with a Scotch bonnet on their heads
and playing on the bagpipes ; for the manner of their arms and the
position of their sceptres is more that of the chanter ; so that I took
them to be literally Scotchmen playing the bagpipes, with a red
jacket faced with blue and a Highland bonnet on their heads. The
organs are still to be left to stop up the grand effect of the north
transept, and the opposite grand arch is also stopped up, they say to
confine the sound of the organs and correspond with the former;
this, in my humble opinion, destroys one of the finest, one of the
grandest points of view in the cathedral, and obscures everything that
is fine in the whole buildirg.
It perhaps may be a want of taste in me, but when they were to
make a grand and general repair, they ought to have made the choir
like most other cathedrals, on the east oj the grand transept. In no
French church have I ever seen the grand effect of the transept ever
destroyed. Those who have ever seen the Abbey of St. Alban's will
see the bad effect of this. And lastly, there seems an inclination to
lose the effect of the two Jubilee galleries, the only ones of the kind
in the kingdom, which correspond so exactly with the Abbey of St.
124 Hampsh ire .
George de Rockerville, in Normandy, that they seem to be about the
same period of time, and much resemble each other in many points.
Yours, etc., A MEMBER OF THE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.
[1819, fart II., fp. 30S-3°7']
"A Member of the Antiquarian Society," p. 133, after asserting
that the reparations now in progress at Winchester Cathedral " are
not of the best taste," proceeds to observe that " the roof of that part
where the transept is united is in imitation of Henry VII.," etc.
With what propriety a work executed by Bishop Fox in the reign of
Henry VII. can be said to be in imitation of the style of that period,
I leave your correspondent to explain ; the fact is, that the roof is of
timber groined and ornamented in the manner prevalent at the period
mentioned. On the part between the stalls and the altar the work-
men were employed when I saw it on Saturday, August 21, and were
doing the whole of it to imitate stone. I will not say there is no blue
introduced in the part of the roof towards the west, but I confidently
assert I saw none.
" Instead of painting, that which ought to be so," he adds, " is done
with a nasty glazy varnish." The stalls in this chapel, which are of
oak, and carved in a very chaste and beautiful manner, have been
varnished, and the faint remains of the legendary paintings on the
eastern end of the north and south walls, in order to preserve them,
have been varnished also ; but I can discover nothing offensively
glazy in their appearance, much less anything to be justly termed
"nasty." It is scarcely possible your correspondent can wish the
stalls to be painted ; and the walls could not, without obliterating
the ancient legends to which I have alluded, and which I conceive
every antiquary would be anxious to preserve. I am therefore at a
loss to discover where this painting is required.
With respect to the statues of the four monarrhs at the angles of
the tower, which possess so little of kingly dignity as to be mistaken
for " four Scotchmen playing on bagpipes," it will suffice to say,
the blame can only atuch to those by whom they were executed and
placed in the situations they occupy.
Whether the organ shall remain in its present situation under the
northern arch of the tower, or be placed at the west end of the choir,
is not yet (as I understand) finally decided ; if it remains, the arch
towards the southern transept must also, I conceive, continue to be
stopped up; if it is removed ("a consummation devoutly to be
wished "), both the arches opening to the transept will be cleared of
their incumbrances ; and therefore for this alteration, as well as for
taking away the screen ascribed to Inij:o Jones at the entrance of the
choir, and the opening the first story of the tower (which would give
to the choir the sublime and impressive effect so well delineated in
the engraving by Radcliffe in Britton's "History of Winchester
Winchester. \ 2 5
Cathedral," I am an earnest and decided advocate. By-the-by, this
last alteration, if made, would occasion the removal of the offensive
statues.
I now proceed to consider the strange suggestion of your corre-
spondent, for the removal of the whole choir to the east of the tran-
sept ; because, to form an entire choir eastward of the transept, of the
same dimensions as the present (and he does not intimate any desire
that it should be curtailed), the altar would block up the entrance to
the Chapel of the Virgin ; while the great east window, which ter-
minates the present, would be about half-way down the proposed
choir, the height of which, in the eastern half, would be thereby
reduced from 78 to 44 feet. Nor is this all, for the tombs of William
Rufus, De Lucy, De Foix, and several others, must be removed, and
the chantries of Beaufort, Waynflete, Fox and Gardiner (the com-
bined effect of which in their present relative situations is asserted to
exceed anything in this country, if not in Europe), must be destroyed,
or at least erected in other and less eligible places. The altar-screen,
too, so justly admired, must be taken down, and the height of the
eastern end of the proposed choir would not admit of its being re-
placed, even if it could be effected without mutilation ; besides
which, another screen, placed at the eastern extremity of the Presby-
tery, which has on its eastern front nine niches enriched with
elegantly-sculptured canopies, formerly containing statues of eighteen
saints and monarchs, must be also displaced and rendered useless.
The persons who are now directing the repairs of the cathedral are
the Rev. Dr. George Frederick Nott, one of the prebendaries, and
William Garbett, Esq., architect, of Winchester. The grand prin-
ciple by which they have been hitherto guided is renovation in
preference to alteration, and their primary object appears to be to
reduce everything (as far as circumstances will permit) to its pristine
state by removing all anomalous and incongruous ornaments and
appendages, which vitiated taste has at different intervening periods
introduced.
In elucidation of this remark, I beg to observe that they are at this
time restoring with great care, and a scrupulous adherence to the
original design, the mutilated parts of the altar-screen ; while some
urns, which a former member of this Church, whose liberality is more
to be commended than his taste, had introduced into the niches
formerly occupied by the statues, as well as a gorgeous canopy of
wainscot .profusely ornamented and gilt, of the time of the first
Charles, are to be removed ; and the whole of this elaborate and
beautiful piece of ancient sculpture exposed to view, devoid of every
incumbrance, its centre being adorned by West's picture of " Christ
raising Lazarus."
1 26 Hampshire.
[1828, Part If., fp. 309, 310,]
The restoration of the magnificent sepulchral monument of Bishop
Waynflete, in Winchester Cathedral, has lately been undertaken and
completed, and the workmen have left it with scarcely less than its
original perfection and beauty. It was severely mutilated during
the late extensive alterations in the interior of the cathedral. In
particular the iron bars were removed from the compartments of the
screen, which the original architect had thus judiciously strengthened,
and which, with this addition, secured the interior from improper
intrusion. This needless operation required immense labour, and
it was not effected without severe injury to the monument, as the
bars passed quite through the mullions and pillars, and were of the
hardest wrought iron. Certainly this restitution was not less necessary
than that of the clustered turret of the canopy, demolished by an
accident which it was found had considerably weakened the adjoining
members of the structure. These and the various injuries of time
and mischief are now redeemed ; the dust, which had for ages
encumbered the delicate carved work, removed, and many of the
shafts and pinnacles composing the splendid canopy are restored
from insecurity to firmness. Though this beautiful monument is too
well known to require a particular description, I may briefly remark
that it occupies the entire space of one of the arches in that part of
the cathedral built by Bishop Godfrey de Lucy, and consists of open
screens separated and supported by eight lofty pillars, which uphold
the canopy, of a pyramidical form, to suit the shape of the vaulted
aisle. The utmost care and labour were bestowtd on the design
and construction of this admirable monument ; but the skill of the
architect and the ability of the mason seem to have been chiefly
devoted to the canopy, the exquisite delicacy and merit of which
cannot surely be surpassed. It is composed of eighteen single
and four double turrets, storied and united, and surrounded by
almost innumerable shafts and pinnacles of various sizes, from the
centres of which rise the master-pinnacle rich in crockets. The
effects of age and violence on this part of the delicate fabric were
very numerous. One hundred and nine pinnacles and shafts, thirty
finials and crockets of various kinds, and other minute ornaments,
have supplied the deficiencies. Nearly all the remaining pinnacles
were insecure, owing to the use of wooden pegs instead of brass
wire, with which the whole are now fastened. Stone of several
qualities was used in the construction of the monument, but the
greater part is supposed to have been brought from Beere in Devon-
shire. The repairs have been made with Painswick and Farley
Down stone, and the whole brought to an uniform and beautiful
colour. The effigy survived the Reformation unhurt, and there is
reason lo believe that, excepting the removal of the statues from the
niches, no other injury was done to the monument. But the "rebel
Winchester. 127
army under Sir Wm. Waller, partly incited by the zeal of the College
in the Royal cause, -defaced among various other outrages the tomb
of the prelate, the beauty and decorations of which increased the
savage efforts of the soldiery to spoil it."*
After this violence, the figure of the Bishop, which alone seems to
have suffered, was clumsily repaired wiih stone or putty, and coarsely
painted in imitation cf the original colours which concealed the
material, which is stone, though supposed by Dr. Chandler to be
polished marble or alabaster, like Wykeham's.t The unsightly
features have been replaced by others authorized both by existing
remains and approved portraits of Bishop Waynflete, and the costume
repainted and regilt in the colours in which it has always appeared.
The inscription on brass round the verge of the tomb was torn
away, and the altar-table entirely destroyed.
This interesting restoration was entrusted by the Society of
Magdalen College, Oxford, to Mr. Buckler, sen., under whose direc-
tion the work has been accomplished ; and it may be added that the
various repairs were undertaken and executed by Mr. Stobbes, the
able superintendent of the business of the late Mr. James Cundy, of
ilelgrave Wharf, Pimlico.
Bishop Waynflete's is now the most perfect monument in the
cathedral, and it is hoped that neither through accident nor the
ignorance of the mischievous it will again be deprived of any of its
appropriate and exquisite enrichments.
AN OLD OBSERVER.
[1X28, Part II., pp. 310, 311.]
The very extensive repairs which have been in progress in the
magnificent cathedral of Winchester during the last sixteen years have
been repeatedly noticed in your magazine,! in some instances but
casually, in others incorrectly. As they are now brought to a con-
clusion, and the church has attained in consequence a degree of
splendour almost unknown to a Protestant cathedral, an additional
notice will not, I trust, be unacceptable to your antiquarian
friends. . . .
The pages of that sound and intelligent antiquary Dr. Milner, I
conclude, are so familiar to your readers that I need not recapitulate
the injuries the cathedral had sustained, or the incongruities with
which former benefactors, by ill-judged attempts at embellishments,
had disfigured it. Let anyone read the eloquent and admirable
description of the church by that historian, and bearing in mind the
defects and mutilations which it had formerly sustained, let him then
visit the choir in its present renovated state ; and when he reflects
* Chandler's " Life of Waynflete," p. 289. t /*«</., P- 290.
% See vol. Ixxxix., Pt. II., pp. 29, 133, 307; xcvii., Pt. II., pp. Ill, 194, 411,
590 ; xcviii., Pt. I., p. 194.
128 Hampshire.
on the expense and attention which have been bestowed in restoring
this sacred part of the edifice almost to the state in which it shone
before the ill-judged zeal of our early reformers, and the deplorable
fanaticism of the puritanical bigots of the Commonwealth had defaced
its features of splendour — when he witnesses the respect here paid
to the illustrious dead by the preservation of their monuments and
their ashes, and contrasts it with the devastations formerly committed
at Salisbury by Wyatr, under the direction of Bishop Barrington —
it must afford to him unqualified satisfaction both as an antiquary
and a Churchman.
The substantial repairs of the cathedral are not the least of the
works which have been done ; the timbers and lead covering of the
roofs, and other particulars essential to the stability of the structure
itself, have received great expense and attention ; the material parts
of the repairs consisting in the restoration of the decayed portions
of the edifice : and here the faulty pillar which has been restored
in the nave claims priority of notice. Whoever surveys the loftiness
and magnitude of the pier, and reflects on the immense superin-
cumbent weight it sustained, must be struck with the difficulty of
removing a crazy supporter in such a situation, and introducing a
new one in its place without damaging the vaulted stone roof of the
church. Yet this has been done by Mr. Garbett, and the pillar care-
fully restored in its pristine form. A controversy arose as to the
necessity of the immense framework of timber* which the architect
deemed it necessary to raise for the support of the roof and adjoin-
ing arches of the building, the sum of which only went to prove that
he had used superabundant caution in the work. That an architect
ought not idly to squander his employer's money must be acknow-
ledged, but when' the responsibility which the care and preservation
of such a building as Winchester Cathedral is considered, few I
believe will be found to censure the architect for avoiding even the
possibility of so great a calamity as the fall of a large portion of the
church. Two of the engaged columns which ornament this new
pier have been constructed in cast iron, and tinted uniform with the
stone ; thi's appears in any point of view an absurdity. If the material
was adopted on the ground of economy, the saving must have been
too trifling to render its adoption necessary ; if, as I fear was the
case, it was experimental, it is the more to be regretted that for a
whim the cathedral should be disfigured, as it eventually will be
when the colour of the iron in process of time differs from the
adjacent stone work.
Connected with this column is the Chantry Chapel of Bishop
Edington (the least ornamental of the six splendid insulated oratories
in this cathedral), which has been rescued from the "dust and
oblivion " of which Milner complains, and restored to its original
* See vol. xcvii., Part II., p. 411.
Winchester. 129
elegance. The next work of magnitude is the restoration of the
altar-screen ; in this, canopied niches, which had been chiselled
down to a plane surface, have been reconstructed, the concavities of
others which had been filled up cleared out, and the damage which
had been done by the addition of a canopy, and carvings displaying
the architecture of Wren and the sculptures of Grinling Gibbons, as
well as by the paint which had been bestowed by way of embellish-
ment, has been carefully repaired. The recolouring of the bosses
of the choir ceiling, with their curious and interesting devices, and
the restoration of the stained glass of the eastern window, together
with other decayed portions of the ornamental stone work in the
interior, and the reconstruction of two flying buttresses and several
mullioned windows on the choir, together with the restoration of the
Norman windows in the north transept, which had been altered to
receive mullions in the most debased period of the Pointed style,
may conclude the summary of the renovations which have been
effected.
The new works are not the least important. A choir screen of
stone in the Pointed style supplies the place of the incongruous but
elegant composite one erected by fnigo Jones. The present is a
subdued but excellent imitation of the central western entrance to the
cathedral; it has a single arch between two rich niches, which may
be regarded as restorations of those which Milner assigns to the
statues of SS. Peter and Paul, destroyed by iconoclastic violence.
The present are occupied by the bronze effigies of James and Charles,
from the old screen, which from the circumstance of being clad in
armour, are far less out of character in their present than in their
former situation ; as original specimens of costume they are valuable
to the antiquary and the historian.
The organ was intended to have been removed from the north
transept to the west end of the choir, and in consequence this screen
is lower than it ought to have been; the superior view of the choir,
which is obtained in consequence of the unobtrusive situation of the
organ, fully compensates for this defect, and it is a matter of con-
gratulation that the organ was not removed. The idea of the screen,
I am informed, was given by Mr. Nash.* I should consider an addi-
tion might easily be made to the height to conceal the backs of the
stall canopies in the choir.
The Bishop's throne, one of the most splendid and elegant com-
positions in wood-work of the present age, was designed by Mr.
Garbett. It exhibits a splendid and elaborate niche of large
dimensions, in a style of grandeur suited to the subject. The plan
* In the spandrels are shields : on one is the arms of the See in relief ; in other
doors the arms of the Bishop is generally found in such situations, being set up in
memory of his being a benefactor ; in the present instance the other shield is
blank. The screen was finished in the time of Bishop Tomline.
VOL. XVII. 9
1 30 Hampshire.
is polygonal ; the floor elevated on three steps, and surrounded by a
low breast-work. Above the Bishop's seat is an acutely pointed
canopy between two pinnacles ; the principal canopy is composed
first of two large pointed arches, one on each side, covered with tall
acutely pointed pediments crocketed on the angles and ending in
finials. They are sustained on the one hand by the back of the
throne, and on the other by uprights rising from the floor, decorated
with angular caps and ending in pinnacles crowned with finials. In
front of these arches the canopy projects in a semi-hexagon. The
front division is composed of a large arch, ornamented as before ;
and the side divisions are formed of smaller ones of a corresponding
character, the which are separated by elegant crocketed pinnacles.
The ceiling or soffit of the canopy is richly groined ; the whole is
executed in strict accordance with the stalls ; the material is carved
oak, and has the appearance of a work of the age of Edward I.
The minute and varied ornaments, the sweeps in the arches and the
beautiful panelling, I have not space to particularize in detail. The
whole is worthy of the church it ornaments, and of the prelate who
ranks the fifth in the hierarchy. The present diocesan has evinced
his attachment to the old and excellent institutions of the Church of
England by being personally enthroned in this beautiful seat.
Opposite to the throne is the organ, the case of which is similarly
ornamented ; it retires behind the line of the side walls of the choir —
in consequence it holds that unobtrusive situation which is desirable,
the organ being in general too conspicuous. A fastidious critic may
perhaps point out a want of symmetry in its situation, but I feel
certain no spectator of taste would wish to sacrifice the fine vista of
the middle aisle to any pragmatical ideas of uniformity.
The transepts, being the original unaltered Norman of Bishop
Walkelin, originally displayed a naked timber roof, not concealed as
in after works by a stone vault ; this has been judiciously covered
with A flat wooden ceiling, painted with quartrefoils, in the style of the
period immediately preceding the Reformation, and though con-
demned by your correspondent, the " Member of the Antiquarian
Society," is executed sufficiently well to pass for a work of the above
period. The design of this addition emanated from Dr. Nott, a
tasteful member of the chapter, who has personally superintended the
greater part of the repairs.
The ceiling of the central tower was erected by Inigo Jones, in the
reign of Charles I., and is a copy of the ceiling of the chapel of
Wykeham's College. The four corbel statues, which originally sus-
tained the springing of the vault, although fresh painted and gilt, were
found to exhibit so ludicrous an appearance as to give the idea of an
itinerant Punchinello rather than that of a sovereign ; these have
been removed, and dwarf clusters of three columns substituted for
them.
Winchester. 131
In one of the engravings in Dr. Milner's work, the former screens,
composed of whitewashed boards, which cut off the views of the
transepts, are shown ; these have been removed, and in consequence
the view of the crucifix aisles, somewhat resembling in arrangement
and situation the transepts of Westminster Abbey, are let into view
from the choir ; the construction of the new ceiling was therefore in-
dispensable, as the naked timber roof would have ill-agreed with the
splendour and high finishing of the vault of the choir. The effect
produced by letting in the view of the transepts can scarcely be
appreciated by any person who has not seen the choir in its former
state, but judging from the view before noticed, it is not the least im-
provement which has taken place.
The decayed and infirm state of the chapel behind the high altar,
known as De Lucy's work, notwithstanding the repairs which have
been bestowed on it, is still very apparent ; the walls are out of the
perpendicular in many situations, and much it is to be feared that a
very considerable reconstruction will shortly be necessary. The
clustered columns have tastelessly been painted at some time, and
they have now been varnished instead of being polished, a defect,
however, not chargeable on Mr. Garbett. In the north-eastern
portion of this chapel is now fixed a very curious marble monument
for the heart of Bishop Ethelmar ; this was formerly loose, and had
no doubt remained so ever since Bishop Fox reconstructed the choir,
and inscribed a new epitaph ; it is now affixed to the wall with a
curious epitaph beneath ; it is not given by Milner, but having too
antique an appearance for a modern work, I conclude it is the original
of Fox's inscription, and was one of those duplicate epitaphs which
evidently at one time existed in this cathedral in other instances,
being the originals of those copied and reinscribed by Fox. This
inscription is as follows :
TIBI COR oceucrc
The splendid monumental chapels which form such elegant
features in this cathedral, each of which is an independent building,
are in fine preservation : that of Bishop Waynflete is now under-
going repairs, and it is curious to witness the care and attention dis-
played in the restoration of the minute and delicately curved
pinnacles, evincing that the present age can furnish mechanics to
execute any work, however costly or elaborate, if proper encourage-
ment is given.
Whilst on the cathedral, I would call to your readers' notice a
beautiful marble monument recently erected to the memory of the
Rev. Mr. Iremonger, a prebendary ; it consists of an insulated altar
tomb, on which lies a recumbent effigy in the clerical habit, on a mat
lolled up at the head and feet ; the sculptor is Chantrey, and he has
9—2
132 Hampshire.
shown in the mild inanimate features of the lifeless effigy a grace and
expression which the most laboured group of modern statuary
generally fails to give. I cannot better conclude this long letter than
by saying that the whole of the works have been executed in solid
wood and stone, and that Roman cement, compo, or other expedients
for producing false appearances have been very properly avoided ; and,
as a further merit, the various ancient fragments of paintings and
sculptures and other vestiges of old times mentioned by Milner may
still be seen in a perfect state, and that even the legendary paintings
in the Lady Chapel, so ably illustrated by Milner and Carter, have
been carefully varnished. The whole of the works have been
executed at the expense of the dean and chapter, upwards of
^40,000 having been expended in the course of the repairs. The
utmost praise is due to them for their liberality, and I trust the
excellent example set at Winchester will be followed by other
chapters. Yours, etc., E. I. C.
[1796, Part II., fp. 1012, 1013.]
Nothing is more clear to me than that the ship, and the other figures
on the curious old font in the cathedral of this city, do not relate at all to
the history of St. Birinus. Of this, as well as of a true interpretation
of these hieroglyphics, I hope one day to be able to convince the
Society of Antiquaries, who have hitherto adopted the explanation
alluded to. J- M.
[1813, Part II., p. 695.]
On opening a vault lately in the middle aisle of the west transept of
Winchester Cathedral, a stone coffin was discovered immediately
under the surface of the pavement, supposed to contain the remains
of a prelate or mitred abbot. A ring of pure gold, with an amethyst
about the size and shape of a turkey's eye set therein, and part of a
crosier, much decayed, were found in the coffin ; but few vestiges of
the body remained. The crook and ferrule of the crosier were of
metal, and the shaft of wood, quite plain.
[i860, Part J., fp. 266, 267.]
A note of an interesting discovery, made early in last year, re-
specting the architecture of this church, may be acceptable to your
readers.
In ihe "Architectural Notes" by Mr. J. H. Parker in the Win-
chester volume of the Archaeological Institute, p. 12, the tradition
that the church of St. Bartholomew, Hyde, was built of fragments
from the abbey buildings, is noticed, together with the occurrence
of a fine Norman south doorway, and of an Early English window
on the north side. Visitors may remember that there was an
Winchester. 135
appendage on the north side, which might have been called a north
transept, and which most probably was a chantry chapel ; and that a
late Norman capital was visible on the west side of the arch of this
chapel. When it was determined to enlarge the chrrch, an examina-
tion was made at this part of the building, and it was proved, by
cutting away part of the wall, that there was originally a north aisle,
separated from the nave by three Norman arches with cylindrical
piers, one of which (with the spring of the two arches, east and west,
from its abacus) was found connected with the capital before named.
On the side of this pier, and preserved by the masonry built against
it, was a full-length painting of a bishop, in pontificalibus, with the
low-pointed mitre of the late Norman times. The work filling up the
pier-arches seems to be Early English.
The explanation of this most probably is to be found in the record
(Wharton, "Aug. Sacra," vol. i., p. 299), that during the wars of
Stephen's reign in 1141 the whole suburb of Hyde was burnt;
" ecclesLa sanctimonialium combusta et ecclesia de Hide," this church
of St. Bartholomew, which, when it was rebuilt, preserved of its
original north aisle only the chantry chapel I have spoken of, the
relics of its original Norman construction being almost wholly hidden
by the Early English work of its restorers.
I am, etc., B. B. WOODWARD.
[1864, Part II., pf. 634, 635.]
I am very desirous to invite the attention of your readers to the
restoration now being effected in the well-known chapel of St. Cross
Hospital. I feel sure that when the case is really understood,
many friends of our ancient church architecture, and admirers of
St. Cross in particular, will gladly take part in this most interesting
work.
In the month of March, 1858, the architect, Mr. Butterfield, made
an elaborate report upon the church and hospital buildings generally;
the portion relating to the church, or chapel, concluded thus :
" Internally the church is very damp, and it will never be other-
wise until its pavements have been taken up, the soil below excavated
and removed, and the floor relaid entirely free of it. The walls and
piers generally require to be carefully cleansed from whitewash, and
the stone and Purbeck marble to be everywhere exposed, and
repaired where they have been cut away. There is dry rot in some
of the wood floors in the interior. It is quite undesirable to spend
money on a repair of the present arrangements. A general refitting,
which should bring the nave and choir into use and leave the aisles
and transepts unoccupied, is very desirable."
In consequence of this report, and as soon as any money was
available for the purpose, in the autumn of 1860 the floor of the nave
was " taken up, the soil below excavated and removed, and the pave-
134 Hampshire.
nient relaid entirely free of it ;'' "the walls and piers were cleansed of
the whitewash, and the stone exposed" throughout that part of the
building. New doors were also placed at the north, south and great
west entrances ; the whole being done at a cost of about ^650.
Things thus remained, with some few exceptions, till the autumn
of last year, when " Z. O." (a still entirely unknown friend) made his
munificent offer in the following terms :
"nth August, 1863.
"To the Trustees of St. Cross.
" GENTLEMEN, — Upon a recent visit to the church of St. Cross, I
could not fail to be impressed with the beauty of the building, and
also with regret that the restorations were arrested through want of
available funds. I have therefore supposed that I might venture to
make offer of a gift subject to certain conditions, one of which is that
the gift be made anonymously. The sum proposed to be offered is
The conditions were briefly these : that the money be applied to
the interior of the east end of the church ; to placing stained glass
windows instead of those of plain glass over the Communion table ;
and, if adequate, to relaying the old tiles and monumental slabs.
The gift was at once accepted with its conditions.
I am, etc., L. M. HUMBERT, Master of St. Cross.
[1865, Part I., p. 437.]
When the Bishop of Winchester visited the work in November last,
it was observed by his lordship and many others who were then
present, that the admirable effect produced by the very small dash
of colour introduced at the east end of the church was such as to
render a further and judicious application of the same kind very
desirable ; especially as there were such evident remains of similar
work. The funds, however, contributed by " Z. O." and the public
were insufficient to justify such an attempt, and the Hospital, it is well
known, has no surplus fund at disposal. Under these circumstances,
a gentleman of high position in the county, a lessee of the hospital,
who was present on the occasion, has undertaken at his own expense
the decoration of the eastern wall, after a pattern carefully prepared
by the architect, Mr. Butterfield, and approved by the Master.
It only remains to add that the generous offer has been gratefully
accepted ; and it is expected this special work will be commenced
forthwith. We hope that other friends will follow so good an
example, and undertake the side walls of the choir under the direc-
tion of the same eminent authority. May we not suggest a special
fund for this special work ?
Winchester. 135
[1844, Part II., p. 192.]
The long continuance of dry weather has so withered the grass in
the meadow on the south-east of Winchester College, as to render
the foundations of a building of considerable extent and strength
very conspicuous. They consist of flint and chalk, and, from their
position being due east, scarcely a doubt can exist of their having
formed the chapel attached to the College of St. Elizabeth, of which
there are no other remains. The length inside the walls is 120 feet,
and the width 36 feet ; each wall and buttress, of which there are
seven on the north and south, and two at the east and west, can be
easily traced, and measure about 6 feet in thickness. This college
was founded in 1301 by John de Pontissara, Bishop of Winchester,
and dedicated under the name of St. Elizabeth of Hungary, with
funds for a warden, six other priests, three deacons and sub-deacons,
besides young clerks or students, one of whom was appointed to wait
on each priest. At the dissolution of religious houses the yearly
income was valued at ^112 175. 4d. Thomas Runcorn was at
that time warden, and was afterwards appointed one of the first pre-
bendaries of the cathedral upon the expulsion of the monks. The
buildings and site were given to Sir Thomas Wriothesley, afterwards
Earl of Southampton, who sold them to Dr. John White, then
Warden of Winchester College, for the use of his society, for ^360,
subject to the condition that the church should be turned into a
grammar-school for seventy students, or else that it should be pulled
down before the Pentecost of 1547. In consequence the church
was destroyed to the foundations. It is said to have been orna-
mented with three altars, one of St. Elizabeth, a second of St.
Stephen and St. Lawrence, and a third of St. Edmund and St.
Thomas the Martyr.
A considerable portion of the site of this establishment was added
in 1554 to the meadow attached to Winchester College, and the wall
inclosing it has every appearance of being erected with stone taken
from the destroyed buildings.
[1852, Part II., p. 295.]
Several ancient mural paintings have been lately discovered on the
north wall of the ancient church of St. John, Winchester. The sub-
ject represented in the ponion at present discovered appears to be
the Crucifixion. Christ is represented as being fastened to a cross, not
of the Roman shape, but of the same shape as that of St. Andrew.
The two thieves are represented on his right and left hand. An
apostle or saint appears to be looking towards heaven, and also a
woman in an attitude of adoration at the foot of the crucified
thief on the right hand. The Saviour and the apostles have their
heads surrounded by the nimbus.
Hampshire.
[1793, Part II., p. 703.]
Though the register of the parish of St. Laurence, in Winchester,
is missing, perhaps some of the inscriptions that were in it may be
extant in the registry of that diocese; it being ordered by the yoth
canon of 1601 that the churchwardens shall every year transmit to
the bishop, or his chancellor, a true copy of the names of the persons
christened, married, or buried, in their parishes, during the preceding
year. Perhaps is the proper term ; since the extracts may or may
not be found in the above-mentioned place, it being well known that
this injunction has not been regularly complied with, as well because
churchwardens are not always willing to defray the charge of making
the transcripts, as that they are to be received at the office without a
fee. Such a restriction does not seem to have been calculated to
induce registrars and their deputies to press for a return of these
certificates ; nor, considering the little chance there is of any emolu-
ment likely to accrue from the custody of the papers, was it to be
expected that they would be duly arranged and carefully preserved.
[1844, Part II., pp. 379- 380.]
The Hospital of St. Mary Magdalen formerly stood on the hill
bearing that name, about a mile east of this city ; but as some
account of it may probably afford interest to some of your readers,
I send you the best I can collect from the scanty history existing
of it.
It is somewhat remarkable that this establishment has escaped
the notice of Dugdale, Tanner, and every other antiquary ; nor is
even the name of the founder positively ascertained. Milner has,
however, brought together so many circumstances in his investiga-
tion of this point as prove satisfactory, in my opinion, that to
Richard Toclyve must be assigned the merit. He governed this see
in the reign of Henry I, from the year 1173 to 1189, with the
character of an exemplary prelate ; and we learn that his charity led
him first to the augmentation of St. Cross, but that afterwards it was
diverted into another channel. We are acquainted with the works
of his predecessors, and those who immediately succeeded him, and
as the style of architecture of the chapel,* that of the ornamented
Norman with the first rudiments of the Gothic, corresponds with the
period, the appropriation to him appears warranted, by every sense
of reason and justice.
That it must have been established soon after the Conquest is
confirmed by the register of John de Pontissara, wherein is an agree-
ment made in 1283 between the bishop and the prior and convent
of St. Swithin, in which the latter acknowledge that the bishops of
Winchester had been for a long time (per multa tempora) patrons of
* See plates i., ii., in 3rd vol. " Velusta Monumenta."
Winchester. 137
the preferments mentioned, amongst which is the house of St. Mary
Magdalen.
The foundation, which was distinguished by having the munificent
Waynflete, afterwards bishop of the see, for its master, consisted of a
master and nine persons, either male or female, eight being resident,
with an ample provision in money and commons, and one out-
pensioner ; and there is strong reason to believe that the sick and
leprous were occasionally admitted, as in the will of John Fromond,
steward of Winchester College, dated November 14,1420,19 the clause,
"Item lego ad rlistribuend. inter leprosos B. M.Magdalene Winton,
vis. \i\\d." Many other legacies are mentioned in the bishops'
registers as left for the benefit of this community, which continued
to prosper until the reign of Henry VIII., when it shared the fate of
so many others, that of spoliation, but was not suppressed.
In the war between Charles I. and his Parliament it suffered
greatly from the royal troops under Lord Hopton, who in vain
endeavoured to restrain them. But it was in 1665 that the ruin was
completed. By the command of Charles II. and Lord Arlington,
the master was compelled to remove with the almsfolk, that Dutch
prisoners of war might be admitted. These burned all the timber
they could find, greatly injured the master's and the other houses,
carried away the pulpit, seats, bell and lead of the chapel, and,
indeed, rendered the buildings unfit for habitation. On this occa-
sion an humble petition was presented to his majesty, setting forth
the damage sustained, which was estimated at ,£650. A grant of
,£100 was made, but the society not possessing means, nor finding
friends to assist them, were never afterwards enabled to return.
In 1788 a commission was obtained by the master for pulling the
buildings down, which was soon after accomplished, leaving only the
naked pillars and arches. These have long since disappeared, and
nothing now remains to mark the spot on which this charitable
asylum stood ; the only part, indeed, existing, to be recognised else-
where, is the bold and well-designed Saxon portal forming the
entrance to the Roman Catholic chapel in St. Peter's Street. This
was the western doorway of the venerable chapel, and removed
piecemeal on its destruction in 1792.
The buildings originally consisted of a good residence for the
master, and a separate house for each of the inmates. The chapel
stood on the south of these, 77 feet long and 36 feet wide, with three
aisles, the roof supported by five columns on each side. Here
Dr. Ebden, a former master and benefactor, was buried in 1614,
aged ninety-eight, and a brass plate fixed in the south wall of the
chancel, with the following inscription to his memory :
" Corpus Johannis Ebden, sacra1 Theologioe Professoris pii, ecclesise cathedralis
Winton. prebendarii docti, hujus Hospitii Magistri reverendi : qui inter alia dona
in alios charitatis usus collala .£200 in augmentationem stipendiorum ibidem libere
dedit ; hoc tegitur tumulo. Obiit 16 Novembris 1614, sctatis sure 98."
138 Hampshire.
Several acres of land, principally in gardens, were attached, and
with a burial-ground surrounded by a wall. YVithout the wall were
sixteen acres more land, and pasturage for 126 sheep.
The present state of this once flourishing society is, the Bishop of
Winchester appoints the master, usually the incumbent of one of the
churches of the city, who nominates eight poor persons to share
with him the small remaining funds.
B.
[1845, Part //.,//. 239, 240.]
I proceed to notice that tangible memorial of round table hasti-
ludes still preserved in the building, once the chapel of St. Stephen,
within the castle of Winchester, no*v the only remain of that ancient
fortress.
Milner, in his " History of Winchester," informs us that this chapel
was erected in the reign of King Stephen, and thinks its dedication
to the saint of that name was a compliment to the monarch above
mentioned.
He doubts that King Arthur was ever at Winchester, but considers
that the traditions of his having held his court at that city and
Silchester have arisen from confounding Caerwent in Monmouthshire
and Caer Segont in Caernarvonshire with the Venta Belgarum and
the capital of the Segontiaci. If it could be proved that Arthur had
really been at Winchester, although the appropriation of the round
table to his times might be, strictly speaking, an error, yet, con-
sidering the more modern table as a renewal of one really used for
his chivalrous festivals, it could not be without some admixture of
truth.
Milner appears, however, to allow an antiquity for the table as high
as the twelfth century, the reign of King Stephen ; but this proposi-
tion is only tenable if it can be shown that the table was repainted
in the fifteenth century, to which period its present decorations must
be referred
Arthur's round table at Winchester is composed, it is said, of stout
oak plank. It is about 15 feet in diameter, and presented, therefore,
ample space for the sovereign and twenty-four knights.
In one compartment of the table a monarch is represented, attired
in royal robes, a sword in one hand and the orb, surmounted by a
cross, in the other. The crown which he wears is the form of that
which was used by Henry VII, More assuredly to fix the period,
the centre of the table is adorned with the white and red rose, the
badges of York and Lancaster, which became united by the marriage
of Henry with Elizabeth, the daughter of Edward IV.
Round the double rose runs the inscription, in black letter :
"THIS IS THE ROWNDE TABLE OF KlNG ARTHUR, WITH 24 OF HIS NAMYD
KNIGHTS."
Winchesttr. 139
Round the margin of the table are twenty-four names of knights in
the same character, drawn from the old romances, as Sir Kay, Sir
Launcelot du Lake, Sir Lionel, etc. These names are to be found
in the " Legends of King Arthur," printed by Caxton in the reign of
Henry VII.
The King's own pedigree, deduced from the Princes of Wales, and
his reputed descent, consequently, frqm King Arthur, rendered the
tales respecting the British hero popular, in compliment to the King.
It will be recollected that his eldest son received the baptismal
name of Arthur.
The round table, according to Milner's statement, received very
rough treatment from the ruffianly soldiers of Ciomwell, who, on the
surrender of Winchester, perforated it with musket shots. Their
fanatic rage spared neither the monuments of history nor the temples
of Christian worship. They well performed, like demons unchained,
for a time, their commission as a public scourge, brought the King
to the block, put the laws and constitution in abeyance, and sus-
pended the regular ministrations of the Church.
Their day, however fearful, was not, perhaps, without effects
beneficial in their ultimate consequences to the commonweal.
Arthur's round table, notwithstanding the assault which it endured
as a relic of royalty, still remains to attract, in a peaceful and inquir-
ing age, the notice of the lovers of history.
I had almost forgotten to mention that this table was shown to
Charles V., when he visited England in the reign of Henry VIII.,
as the real round table of King Arthur. That it was of high anti-
quity I think this circumstance may tend to prove, for it is difficult
to suppose that such a tale should have been forged relative to an
object which must have been known to bear no higher a date than
the time of the reigning monarch's father. The ascertaining that
the old table had been fresh painted in the time of Henry VII.
would reconcile an apparent anachronism.
One suggestion might possibly be made relative to the round
table at Winchester which must not be entirely disregarded, namely,
that it might have been carried in those pageants or processions of
archers popularly denominated "Arthur's Show," in one of which
Justice Shallow informs us he represented Sir Dagonet. This hint
may be illustrated by the authorities cited in the margin.*
The city which preserves this curious remain of ancient chivalry
will have been visited in the months of August and September of the
present year by two bodies of competent archaeological professors,
who, whatever the rise of their divisions, can in their researches have
but one common object in view. I am confident the opportunity
* A remembrance of the worthy show of shooting by the Duke of Shoreditch,
A.D. 1583. Collier's Shakespeare, vol. iv., p. 406. Henry IV., part 2nd, in
text and note.
1 40 Hampshire.
will not be lost by them of ascertaining with some degree of cer-
tainty the real age of the remarkable relic which I have imperfectly
illustrated by these notes, a result which will be very gratifying to
> our old correspondent —
A. J. K.
[181 1, Part II., fp. 508, 509.]
The beautiful cross at Winchester is seated on five stone steps,
each of which gradually diminishes in size upwards. They are placed
as it were one at each angle of a square, and the remaining one in
the centre of them ; each have a base. The sides of the shafts that
are in view are panelled, one above the other, divided by a circle,
which contains four turns in it (generally called a quatrefoil). The
heads of the panels are turned into flat-pointed arches, in which are
turns likewise. The heads of the shafts (the two sides of each that
are in view) terminate with small sharp pedimental points, adorned
with crockets, a finial, etc. These large shafts are connected one
with the other by means of flat-pointed arches, which originally were
ornamented with turns ; but most of them were destroyed through
lapse of time, or perhaps mischievous hands as they are within arm's
reach. Over the heads of these arches is an elegant kind of canopy,
with crockets and a finial. Out of the heads of the supporting shafts
is a base, from which rises a slender shaft, or flying buttress, as high
as the pedestal where the figures stand. It has one panel on each
side of it, the heads of which are small pointed arches with turns in
them. Here is a projecting moulding, and out of it rises a more
slender buttress, twice as high as the one that supports it. It termi-
nates with a pinnacle enriched with crockets, etc. Between these
four buttresses and the pedestal which supports the figures are four
others, much higher, and not half the thickness of the former, but
in a line with them, finishing with pinnacles also. These shafts
support one another. Before the pinnacle of the outer one is a
small pointed arch with turns in it, joining to the second or inner
one ; and again, above the other division, is another of the same.
In the space left between these four slender buttresses stands the
base or pedestal, divided into panels, with pointed heads, and
finishes with a cornice. There are four niches, which originally
contained the same number of figures ; but one or two only remain.
About the height of the base of the pinnacle of ths outer shaft,
rises an arch, with five turns in it, over which is a canopy, like the
lower arches, ornamented with crockets. Over these niches is a
cluster of panelled work, with sharp-pointed heads, ornamented with
a finial and crockets ; under which are flat arches, containing turns,
etc. ; their height is divided by small flat-pointed heads, with trefoils
under them ; every two panels are divided by a small slender shaft,
in a line with the others before-mentioned, joining each other by
means of small flat arches. Out of the cluster rises a base, on which
Winchester. 1 4 1
is supported a shaft, with small panels (on this were originally several
niches with figures in them, but it either fell down or was destroyed,
and never replaced). Out of this rises two other smaller shafts, and
then the standard which supports a small iron cross. The parts of
this elegant building are so minute as to appear hardly consistent
with strength. Long may it remain the pride of Winchester ; and
may the citizens continue sensible of its beauties.
C. B.
[1865, Part II., p. 305.]
We have on several occasions reported the progress made by the
committee entrusted with the restoration of this elegant specimen of
mediaeval taste — the High Cross of the city of Winchester — and we
have now to record its completion. The inauguration took place on
August 10 last, being the festival day of St. Lawrence, which was
chosen as especially appropriate, the Cross standing not only in the
parish but close to the church dedicated to this saint, and the mother
church of Winchester.
To say a few words about the Cross itself in its restored state. On
the front of the upper step of the Cross is cut the following inscrip-
tion in mediaeval lettering :
"RESTORED ANNO DOMINI MDCCCLXV., WILLIAM BUDDEN, MAYOR."
The four larger niches are enriched with statues. That on the
west side contains Alfred, carrying in his left hand a roll bearing the
inscription :
"YE DOMES OF ENGLAND."
That on the north the statue of William of Wykeham in full
pontificals, carrying in his hand the celebrated statute-book of his
college with his episcopal seal fastened to it by silken cords; on ihe
side of the volume is inscribed, in old English characters:
"STATUTA COLLEGII EEAT.'E MARI/E I)E \VINTON."
In the east niche is a figure representing Florence de Lunn, Win-
chester's first mayor, holding in his hand a scroll inscribed :
" CHARTA PRIVILEGIORUM,"
in reference to the privileges conferred on the city of Winchester by
the charter of 1184, granted by King Henry II. The south niche is
occupied by the old figure.
[1865, Part //., /. 359.]
My attention having been directed to several incongruities exhibited
in the figures which now decorate our city cross, I am induced to
point out one of the most glaring character in the hope that it will be
immediately rectified, namely, that William of Wykeham is repre-
sented as holding his crosier in his right hand instead of his
left, which is without precedent or authority. Bishops always bear
142 Hampshire.
their crosier or pastoral staff in the left hand, but never in the
right, in proof of which I refer your readers, not only to the tombs
of William of Wykeham, William of Waynfleet, Thomas Langton,
Richard Fox and Bishop Ethelmar, in our own cathedral, but to all
the episcopal effigies in the several cathedrals and other churches of
England, and to the innumerable prelatical seals which are still
extant, the ancient glass windows of our college chapel, etc. In con-
nection with this statue it may be also fairly asked, why Wykeham's
own magnificent crosier and priceless work of art, which he be-
queathed to New College, Oxford, where it is preserved with the most
religious care, was not depicted in the hands of this figure, instead of
an object so clumsy and faulty.
Other incongruities could be pointed out which would never have
crept in if the two gentlemen of the Building Committee who profess
the greatest amount of architectural and archaeological knowledge,
Dr. Moberly and Mr. Baigent, had seen the drawings or designs of
the statues. With respect to the former, his high attainments and
deep interest in Church matters induced the committee to select him
as one of their special committee, and the latter was made choice of
for no other reason except that he is a skilled ritualist and an anti-
quary of high repute and authority, and known as such throughout
the length and breadth of the land. And now comes the question,
how was it that they were not consulted and their advice taken when
the designs for these statues were sent to the Town Clerk (the Secre-
tary) ? Mr. George Gilbert Scott, I am sure, will not allow such in-
novations as these to pass under his name, and thus mar his reputa-
tion for accuracy. I am, etc., HENRY MOODY.
[1865, Part 11., p. 402.]
After the destruction of so many of our civic crosses by the muni-
cipalities of the last and present century, it is gratifying to find the
above so satisfactorily restored. But the able restorer, in supplying a
lost statue there by an effigy of William of Wykeham, has been
exposed to a groundless objection urged not only in your pages, but
in those of the Builder, too. This refers to the position of the
crosier, here grasped in the right hand. The complainants would
sustain their notion by referring to monumental effigies where the
figure is recumbent, and the staff, thus unneeded for support, is there
laid by the side : as also when the right hand, in like instances, is
elevated in benediction, and the staff is then grasped in the left.
But when passing in procession up the church to his episcopal station
in the choir, the bishop naturally held the crosier in his right to steady
his step under the weight and amplitude of his array, and bishops, be
it remembered, had usually passed far beyond their prime. Mr.
Scott therefore has, I fancy, done rightly in presenting the bishop
standing, leaning, like the patriarch, on his staff. As to the query
Winchester. 143
made in a like spirit, why that elaborate crosier of this bishop, pre-
served at New College, was not imitated here, the storms of winter
would soon have settled in the cavities of such an imitation in stone,
and the frost thereafter would speedily have chipped and frayed the
whole away. I am, etc., G. M.
[1864, Part //.,//. 222, 223.]
The recent smartening up of the George Hotel has attracted some
attention, insomuch that I have been asked as to the accuracy of the
statement made by Dr. Milner, our well-known historian, as to its
" having existed on the same spot as early, at least, as the reign of
Edward IV. " ; whilst a more recent writer has stated that " this inn
is mentioned in the manuscript passagt-s, but not before Elizabeth's
reign."— (Woodward's "General History of Hampshire.") These, I
believe, are the only statements which have appeared in print touch-
ing the antiquity of this inn, though this word itself disappeared from
its sign in 1840, for the more fashionable phrase "Hotel." The
ground upon which it stands formerly lormed the south west corner
of the parish of St. Peter's in MaceLis, otherwise called the parish of
St. Peter's in Fleshmonger Street. In the reign of Richard II., its
site was occupied by an hostelry or inn called " The Moon," which
had probably long existed as such, and becoming decayed by age, it
was replaced by a new building about the year 1 146.
At this period St. George stood high in popular estimation, the
celebrated battle of Agincourt having been fought with the war-cry
of " St. George for ever," and it was considered not only to have
been won under his tutelage, but " there were some," says the
chronicler, " who asserted that they saw St. George fighting for the
king." The new building was graced with his sign, and it was hence-
forth called " The George Inn." In 1417 it is mentioned as "the
hospice called the George's Inn, otherwise the New Inn." William
Benham was " mine host " by the annual rent of ^6 135. 4d. The
property was then owned by Henry Somer and Katherine his wife,
who was the daughter of John Devenisshe, and upon their deaths it
.devolved upon St. John's Hospital. In addition to the above rent,
the tenant had to pay annually ten shillings to the Abbot of Hyde,
three shillings and fourpence to the Prior and Convent of St. Swithin,
and a similar sum to the Brothers of the Friary and Kalendar
(charged upon this property for the celebration of certain religious
services), and a quit-rent of sixteen pence to the bailiffs of the city,
making a total of £7 ros. 4d. In 1431 the same William Benham
is recorded as holding a lease of it for eight years at the same rental.
The inn having thus obtained its name in the beginning of the
fifteenth century, the same has been retained, notwithstanding
several rebuildings, the last about a century since.
It may be of interest if I note that the George Inn at Alresfoid
1 44 Hampshire.
received its name about the same time. Its predecessor is mentioned
as " the hospice where the Angel is the sign "; but was more popu-
larly known as the " Broadgate Inn." In the year 1418 a new
building was erected upon its site, at the cost of ^50 (equal to ^750
of present money), the contract for its erection being still extant.
To this new edifice was given the name of the George Inn, and I
have seen an account of the expenses of the erection of its sign in
1423. The figure of St. George standing upon a post, with a tablet
hanging below, bearing shields of arms and writing, cost £$ 135. 4d.
The posts cost zs. 4d., and a plank bought for joining the posts for
the platform of the statue is. ; besides 4d. given for raising the afore-
said posts and tablets. To the plumber for two davs' work, leaden-
ing the plank on which the figure stood, together with i6d. for four
pounds of solder bought of him, 25. ; and lastly, paid to the man dig-
ging the hole for the said sign, 4d.
I am, etc., FRANCIS JOSEPH BAIGENT.
[1866, Part I., pp. 73, 74.]
Your magazine of November, 1864 (p. 623), contains a short
notice of the once great and famous fair of St. Giles, near Winchester,
entitled " The Last Shade of an Expiring Fair." The fair of St.
Giles commenced on September 12, and lasted for sixteen days,
during which time the jurisdiction of the mayor and the city courts
were in abeyance. The city courts of old were held every Wednes-
day and Friday, and at the end of the proceedings of the court day,
which immediately preceded September iz, the rolls invariably
record that " The Court is adjourned from this day by reason of the
fair of St. Giles', and the cessation of the jurisdiction of the mayor
and bailiffs during the time of the said Fair." Another anniversary
of this fair has since passed by, and, to quote the words of a local
print, "At last, we believe, we can consistently announce that the
once famed 'St. Giles's Hill Fair 'is become a thing of the past.
The anniversary of this ancient and far-famed mart for cattle, sheep,
pigs, provisions, clothing, etc., fell on Tuesday (September 12); but
literally speaking, there was nothing at all to constitute a fair on the
hill ; no booth, no stand, not even a huckster with a hand-barrow
had ventured to climb the height in the hope of earning a few half-
pence ; and a solitary ' Punch and Judy ' affair sought a temporary
consolation in the back streets of the city during the day, doing but
a very dull trade." This fair is now a matter of history, and can
never be revived. The Bishop's court in olden time was held under
a large tent known as " the Pavilion," the officers and judges being
appointed by the bishop. Dr. Cowel, in his Law Dictionary,
explains that, "Justices of the Pavilion are certain judges of a ' Pye-
powder Court,' of a most transcendent jurisdiction, anciently
Winchester, 145
authorized by the Bishop of Winchester, at a fair held on St. Giles's
Hill near that city." I have now before me an instrument or letters-
patent of William Wayn-flete, Bishop of Winchester, dated at his
manor of Waltham, August 26, 1452, appointing Michael Skyllyng,
Esq., chief justice of his Court of the Pavilion, in the county of
Southampton, held upon the hill of St. Giles, in the Soke of Win-
chester in the said county. The bisiiop empowers him to do all and
singular the things which pertain 10 the office, and commands all his
officers and ministers to obey and assist the said Michael in the per-
formance of his official duties. He was to receive for his services
j£io annually, to be paid immediately after the close of the fair by
the treasurer of Wolvesey ; and was also to have meat anil drink
sufficient and suitable to his position, and a chamber for himself and
his servants, also stabling, hay and straw for his horses, annually at
the bishop's palace of Wolvesey, during the holding of the said court;
and " all other things as the other justices have been accustomed to
receive, in our time and in the times of our predecessors." At the
fair held in 1450, the city authorities attempted to interfere with the
bishop's rights, and a great disturbance ensued. On a due investiga-
tion, taken shortly after the occurrence, it was found that the city
officials had acted wrongfully, consequently they had to ask the
bishop's pardon and forgiveness, and the following indenture was
thereupon executed :
" THJS ENDENTURE witnesseth that wherefas] debate was betwcne
William by the soefferaunce of God, Bisshop of Wynchcstre on the
one partie, and the Maire and the Commune of the Citee of Wyn-
chestre on the other partie, upon the Fraunchises and the custumes
of the Faire of Seint Gile, that is to seye where the said Bisshop
owght to have, and he and his predecessours have hadile fro tyme
that no mynde renneth, the kepyng of the Citee of Wynchestre
beforesaid, by xvi. dayes withe the troue [tribute], and all the pro-
files and custumes, as to take amendes of brede and ale, and all other
maner [of] mtsures, that is to sey as to take Busshelles, Galons, and
alle other mesures and weyghtes, and to bere thaim to the Pavilion
and there to make assaye by the sight of iiij. good persones of the
citee, and there to dampne the evil and to deliver agen the good :
and that the people of the citee aforesaid sholdecome to the Pavilion
to presente crye rered and blode shedde, and all other thinges
touching the pece of our Lorde the king, and there to have know-
ledge of all maner [of] plees touching the citee, after the usages of
the said citee, hadde and used in the tyme of the said Faire with ail
other rightes and custumes, that is to saye [from] the day of the
vigile of Seinte Gile by xvj. dayes to endure. And the Maire and the
commune aforesaid in panic, have distourbed the saide Bisshop at
his Faire of Seinte Gile laste paste, in his saide Fraunchises and
custumes. They bene accorded in fourme that foloweth, that the
VOL. XVH. 10
1 46 Hampshire.
said Maire and Commune maken covenaunte and graunten that by
thaim ne thaire successours, the said Bisshop ne his successours
shall not be fro hens forthwarde distourbed, [but] to have the kepyng
of the said citee and the custumes above-said and all other profiles
towching the saide Faire and the right of his chirche duryng the
xvj. dayes aforesaid, in the maner that he and his preder.essours have
hadde and used afore this day. And the said Bisshop for hym[selfj
and his successours maketh covenaunte, remitteth, and pardoneth the
foresaid offence to the Mayre and Commune afore rehersed. In wit-
nesse of whiche thinge to the one parte of this endenture remayn-
yng anenst [i.e., with or in the possession of] the said Bisshop, the
said Maire and Commune have put their commyn scale ; to the
other parte of this endenture rema>nyng anenst the seide Maire
and Commune the said Bisshop hath putte his seall. Goeven at
Wynchestre the thirdde daye of July, the >ere of Grace M.'CCCC.LJ.",
and of the reigne of king Harry the vj.th aftre the conqueste, xxix"."
I have taken the above from the copy of this indenture which
was delivered to the city officials, and a broken impression of the
seal of Bishop Wayneflete (impressed upon red wax), still remains
appended to it. I have also collated it with an original copy
of the instrument preserved among the episcopal archives of this
see.
I find I have a note of two tombstones commemorating officials of
this Fair; viz., " Here lyeth the Body of Mr. Richard Seward, jun.,
Baylif of St. Gileses, who dyed the 18 of Nov., 1690, aged 31 years."
"Here lyeth the body of Richard Seward, last Revivor of Giles
Faire, who died yc 29 of December, 1687." These stones lie within
the communion-rails of the parish church of St. Peter's, Cheesehill,
Winchester.
I am, etc., FRANCIS JOSEPH BAIGENT.
[1830, fart II., pp. 401, 402.]
Among the additional MSS. in the British Museum is a volume
consisting of the original proceedings of the Mayor and Corporation
of Winchester, from 2 Henry IV. to 5 Edward VI., and containing
copies of a variety of curious instruments, touching the liberties,
customs, and topography of the city. On the last folio but one (the
8ist) is the following memorandum :
"Md y' )exvth daye of October, a" regni Reg' herici octavi xxxviij",
there wtre nubred and leit in this blake book Ixxxj levis, and so
delyu'id to Mr. Willia heicroft, then mayer."
On the verso of ihe 3ist folio is a curious inventory of the effects
of the hospital of St. John in that city, taken in the time of Peter
Hulle, Mayor; which, without further preface, I shall transcribe, for
the ami.sciiient of your Hampshire readers:
Winchester. 147
!
"Tempe WilTi Wyke Custodis.
" Vitnsilia don? s'ci Johis. — This present indent'e berith' wittenez
th' Petrus Hulle,* Mayre of the cite of Wynchestr', & all' the Com-
mez of the same Cite hath' delyu'ed to s' William Wyke to our" kep'
of our' hous of synt Joh'nis of Wynchestr' al our' goodes and Catellis
vnderwrite. Firste viij Corpora?, iiij .tuellis for the autres in the
Churche goode & v hode,f ij litel tuellis for the lauytory olde, j
paxebrede of siluer & ou' gyld' & j neth' paxbrede, & a hede of syn"
John' the Baptie of alabastre ; j Box of siluer w'oute ouer gylHe, ij
Chales of siluer w'ynne ouer gylde, j Chales of siluer ygylde w'oute,
ij ymagez of syn John' the Baptie of alabastre, j ymage of oure lady
of alabastre, v chothisj of sylke & a litel pelew, viij p'ie§ vestimentez
w' all' the apparelP, ij surplis feble, j awbe w' parurys, j Cristalstone,
j Box w' dyu's reliquis, iij Missalez, ij Antiphon's, ij Portous,|| vj
sawters, ij legendez, ij Grayellis, j episteler, j Marteloge and vij other
diuerse bokes, iij sakeryng belles, iiij Cruettez, ij lampes of brasse,
j mettableU w' ij trestallis, ij belles for the Churche w' the Trunke
pond, viij c. 1., j forme, ij Meteclothis conteynyng in lenthe xiiij
zerdes, w' a tuwelP conteynyng in lenth" iij zerdes & a half, ij Basoms
& j lauer, j litel Morter of Brasse for Spices, to pounde on', weying
xij Ib. ; iiij Braspottes, j belle and j lite!!' posnette,** j hangynglau',
xj payre of Shetes, iij payre blankettz, xxiijtt keu'lytes, j Crowe,
j Spade, j Shouele, j howe.JJ j Rake, j Spytele, j Dongpyke, j whel-
barew, j bounde w' Ire, j Cofer in the Chambre w' Munimentez and
Charles. In cui' rei testimon', &c."
Some account of this hospital may be found in Milner's " History,"
vol. ii., p. 194, from which may be learned how it came under the
administration of the city magistrates, and its recent appropriation
as a council-chamber of the corporation. I will only make a short
extract, " In the dust-hole'1'' (writes the historian) " near the apart-
ments of the windows, amongst other curious antiques, is seen the
figure of St. John the Baptist's head in the dish, being the bust of the
holy patron of the house which formerly stood over the principal
doorway." In all probability this is the very head of alabaster speci-
fied in the above inventory.
Yours, etc., HANTONIENSIS.
* Peter Hulle, or Hille, was Mayor of Winchester the 2Oth Henry VI., 1442,
as appears from fol. z6b of the same MS. His name will not be found in the list
of Mayors printed at the end of Milner's " History of Winchester," which I
suspect to be in great measure a fabrication, for I cannot find in it one name in
ten of the Mayors recorded in the " Black Book," a series of which might be ex-
tracted from thence with great facility.
f Old. % Clothes? § Pair.
|i Breviaries.— See Tyrwhitt's note on Chaucer, v. 13061.
If Meat-table.
** Pipkin. tt Counterpanes. Jt Hoe,
IO — 2
1 48 Hampshire.
[1829, Part /., //. 105, 106.]
The venerable episcopal residence at Winchester, called Wolvesey
Castle, situate at a short distance from the College, was erected on
the site of a more ancient palace, by Henry de Blois, Bishop of
Winchester, about the year 1138. Its strength was soon evinced
by the siege which it withstood against the united forces of Robert
Earl of Gloucester and David King of Scotland ; and Henry II., on
his coming to the crown, caused it to be dismantled The castle,
however, soon became again a place of great strength, and continued
to be the residence of the Bishop of Winchester till it was finally
destroyed by order of Cromwell in 1646.
The principal ruins that now remain belonged to the keep. Their
appearance about thirty years since is thus described by Dr. Milner
in his " History of Winchester" :
"The keep appears to have been an imperfect parallelogram, extend-
ing about 250 feet east and west, and 160 north and south. The area,
or inside of the quadrangle, was 150 feet in length and no in breadth,
which proves the wings of the building to have been 50 feet deep.
The tower which flanks the keep to the south-east is square, sup-
ported by three thin buttresses faced with stone. The intermediate
space, as well as the building in general, on the outside, is composed
of cut flints and very hard mortar, a coat of which is spread over the
whole ; the north-east tower, which advances beyond its level, is
rounded off at the extremity. In the centre of the north wing, which
has escaped better than the other wings, is a doorway leading into
a garden, which is defended by two small towers, and has a Pointed
arch. Hence there is reason to suspect that it is of more modern
construction than the rest of the building. The inside of the
quadrangle, towards the court, was faced with polished freestone, as
appears from the junction of the north and east wings, which is the
most entire morsel in the whole mass, and exhibits a specimen of as
rich and elegant work as can be produced from the twelfth century;
we there view the wallet ornament and triangular fret, which adorn
the circular arches, still remaining ; together with the capitals, and a
corbel bust, executed with a neatness unusual at that early period.
" Wolvesry is stated to have derived its name from the tribute of
wolves' heads, imposed on the Welsh by King Edgar, and which, it
is asserted, was ordered to be paid here."
The picturesque remains of this episcopal and castellated palace,
as they now appear, are faithfully represented in the subjoined en-
graving (see Plate I.). They are of considerable extent, but without
any prominent architectural features. . . .
Though the architecture of the palace has few enrichments, it
possesses sufficient interest to command notice. The antiquary
will be gratified by the etamination of the mutilated carved work of
Winchester. \ 49
its windows and arches ; there is scarcely one of either entirely per-
fect, and the massy stone and flint walls of its towers are observable
for their strength and the neatness of their construction.
Wrought in the solid walls, and occasionally disclosed, are frag-
ments of early Norman sculpture, which we may fairly presume to
have belonged to the palace built by William the Conqueror near
the north-west corner of the cathedral churchyard, and which was
utterly demolished by Bishop Henry de Blois, who rebuilt the palace
of Wolvesey, of which nothing now remains than fragments of the
keep. Originally the plan was a parallelogram, and its situation within
the inclosed area, which was spacious, near the north-west angle.
Its principal gateway faced the north. The north-east and north-west
angles were defended by massy semicircular towers. Within the
keep was a court which, besides the entrance before described, had
two other gateways, one on the west, the other on the south side.
This vast and massy building was encompassed by a lofty wall,
embattled and defended by round or square towers placed at irre-
gular intervals. Its precinct joined that of the cathedral towards
the south-east.
H.
[1842, Part I., pp. S3S.S36.]
A discovery has been made by the falling of a portion of the
eastern wall, which incloses the palace at Wolvesey, of a coffin or
sepulchre, consisting of blocks of stone, varying from six to ei^ht or
ten inches, as white and fresh as it just worked, well squared, and
jointed with a very thin coat of mortar. It was about 6 feet 6 inches
long, 2 feet 6 inches wide, and i foot 6 inches deep, lying east and
west, the head or arched part being at the west. The top not
wholly covered, but arched over about hall way, somewhat resembling
a child's cradle, the stones well jointed, and corresponding in every
respect with the other part. Two teeth, one in a small piece ot the
jaw and the joint of the shoulder, were the only remains found,
although the contents were strictly examined. These remains were
found under the foundation of the wall, which appears to have been
constructed similarly to every other part of the city wall that has
offered itself lor examination of flints and mortar, of a yellowish
colour, so firm and solid as almost to resist any effort to separate it.
Milner says De Blois, on building his castle (1138), extended the
walls so much as to destroy the rectangular form of the city as fortified
by the Romans, so that the site on which tlie present discovery is
made was, in all probability, outside of the earliest wall.
It is very evident the principal wall, nearly 6 feet thick at the base,
has been strengthened by another on the outside of it, of about 4 feet,
with mortar quite different in colour, and not by any means so hard,
and the small space between them is filled with rubbish.
1 50 Hampshire,
The earlier history of Wolvesey is that Kinegils, soon after his
conversion in 635, built a palace there, which Kenewahl, his son,
gave to Saint Birinus for his residence, and that of succeeding
bishops. After this, nothing seems to be known relating to it,
except the payment of the tribute of the wolves' heads, until the
time of De Blois.
W. B. B.
Wolmer.
[1783, Part /.,;>. 392.]
In Warton's "History of English Poetry," vol. i., p. 307, note, is the
following passage, " Thus John, the prior of St. Swithin's at Winches-
ter, in 1280, is commissioned, by brief from the King, to supervise
large repairs done by the sheriff in the Castle of Winchester, and the
royal manor of Wolmer. MS. Registr. Priorat. Quat. 19, fol. 3."
I wish Mr. Warton, or somebody who has access to the above
register, to examine it with a view to the caitle or building in the
royal manor of Wolmer, as it seems to be that one on King John's
Hill, about which your correspondent " F. F.," in your Magazine of
last month desires to be informed.
Yours, etc., ACADEMICUS.
Yately.
[1794, Part If., pp. 984-986.]
The parish of Yately, in the county of Hants, and hundred of
Crundall, is extensive, consisting of three tithings, viz., Hawley, Cove,
and the inner tithing. There is only one manor, which is called the
Manor of Hall Place, over which the Manor of Crundall is para-
mount. It belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Winchester; but,
under that body, has for some time past been held by the family of
Wyndham, the last of whom was Hiliier Wadham Wyndham, Esq.,
who died five years ago. He was a bachelor, and of a singular turn
of mind, being extremely reserved; and from the year 1780 (the
time of the riots), when he happened to be in London, until he died,
was never known to go out in his carriage. His interest in this estate
devolved at his decease to the Hon. James Everard Arundel, who
married his only sister.
The manor-house, situated near the church, is an ancient edifice,
apparently as old as the reign of Elizabeth or James I. It is now
let as a farm to Mr. Richard Goodchild. There were in this house,
at the time of Mr. Wyndham's decease, many pictures, most of (hem
family ones, and also a considerable library of books and MSS.,
jircat part of which were probably collected by Mr. W.'s father, who,
besides other attainments, was a good mechanic, and left proofs of
his skill in that way by a curious dial in the garden, which, with a
large house-clock, still preserved, are said to have been of his own
making.
Yately. 1 5 1
The family of Diggle are in possession of the next best estate in
the parish, and have a handsome mansion, called Calcott House,
now, together with their whole estate in this parish, to be sold. A
good house here is inhabited by Geo. Parker, Esq. ; it belongs to
Mr. Terry.
A farmhouse in this tithing is said to have been in former times
the residence of Lord Montegle, but of this there is no internal
evidence. It is a small old building, standing upon a hill, with a
good prospect.
In Hawley tithing, at a place called Minley Warren, is a large
old-fashioned house, which, according to tradition, was the residence
of that daring person Blood, who attempted to steal the crown in the
reign of Charles II.
The greatest part of the parish is uninclosed, the soil chiefly a black
gravelly sand, abounding with springs. All the estates are copyhold
excepting a few acres belonging to Mr. Diggle.
The church consists of a nave, south aisle, wooden tower and
spire, as also a chancel and porch ; but there is nothing remarkable
in the outside of the building. At the entrance of the churchyard
is an odd kind of wooden gate with a pulley and rope ; the gate has
upon it the date 1625.
There are in the church these monuments :
Chancel. — On the floor is a brass, with the figure of a woman with
a ruff and curious head-dress. Over head :
Arms effaced.
" EDWARUO ORMESBY, primo .... peperit filios 4, et filias . . . ."
Ermine, three roundels impaling ....
"ANDREA SMYTHE, secundo M . . . peperit filios 3, & filias 3."
Underneath is this inscription :
" Hie sepuha jacet ELIZABETHA, quonda Robert! Morfletti, armigeri, filia, que
D'no migravit 10 cal. Septembris, anno salutis humanae MCCCCCLXXViij0."
A mural monument of plain black and white marble, with an urn
over it.
On a bend cotised three fusils ermine, impaling a fesse between
three crescents.
"Memorise sacrum. Here lyeth the body of SIR RICHARD RYVES, knight,
sheriff and alderman of London, who was born in the county of Dorset!, descended
of an ancient and gentile family of that name in the said county. He married
Joyce, the daughter of Henry Lee, of London, merchant ; the piety of which
relict lady hath erected this monument to the memory of her dear deceased
husband, intending, when she shall lay down her earthly tabernacle, to make her
bed in the same grave, there to rest with him in hope of a joyful resurrection.
He departed this life in the 60 yeare of his age, Aug. 23, in the year of the incar-
nation of our Saviour Christ Jesus, 1671."
152 Hampshire.
On a flat stone on the floor :
" Here lyeth the body of JOHN HELYAR, esq., second son of William Hetyar,
tsq., of Coker, in the county of Somerset, by Rachel, co heiress of Sir Hugh
Wyndham, of Phillesdon, in the county of Dorset, knight. He had two wives;
the first, Elizabeth, sole heiress of Philihert Cogan, of Chard, in the county of
Somerset, esq. ; his second wife was Christian, daughter and heiress of Ji'hn
Ryves, of Kensington, in the county of Middlesex, esq., by Christian, daughter of
William Helyar, of Coker, esq. Elizabeth, his first wife, died at Chard, and was
buried, leaving issue by him one child, Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Wyndham, esq.
Christian, his second wife, died without issue, and lies buried in this chancel. He
died Dec. 26, 1721. Christian died March 18, 1719."
The arms over this stone are a cross fleury between four mullets,
Helyar, with an escutcheon of pretence, three leaves, Cogan, and
impaling Ryves as before.
On the floor is another stone :
" Here lyeth the body of THOMAS WYNPHAM. esq., of Hawkchurch, in the
county of Dorset. He married Elizabeth Helyar, daughter and sole heiress of
John Helyar, esq., of this parish. He left behind him two children, one son and
one daughter, who in him lost a truly valuable and indulgent father, as well as a
most sinceie and real friend. He died June 31, 1763, aged 66."
Arms : Wyndham, with an escutcheon of pretence, Ryves as before.
Another is inscribed :
"Here lyeth the body of HELYAR WADHAM WYNDHAM, esq., son and heir of
Thomas and Elizabeth W. He died Feb. 13, 1789, aged 64."
There is also a mural monument to Walter Phillips, late of this
parish, gent., who died 1715, set. 80.
Arms : Or, on a chevron sable, three birds' heads erased argent.
Crtscent for difference impaling, arg., two bars for Goodwin.
In the body ol the church are these brasses on the floor :
(1) A man and his wife.
" Pray for the soules of WILI.'M RYGGS, and TOMASYN, hys wyf ; the whiche
Will'm decessede the xxix day of August, ye yer of or Lord MV'xill, on whose
soule J'hu have m'ci. "
At the bottom, four sons and seven daughters.
(2) A man habited in a robe.
'•Piaye for (he soule of RICHARD GALE, which dyed the yer of o'r Lord
MVCIII. On whose soule J'hu have m'cy."
(3) Man and woman ; the head-dress of the latter with long
lappets, and she has a girdle hanging down.
"Praye for the soules of WILLIAM LAWERD. and AGNES, bis wyfe, the which
William decessed the xvi day of August, the yere of our Lord God MVC&XXII.
On whose soules J'hu have mercy. Amen."
Underneath — mother and nine children.
(4) Another brass, inscription torn off; an aged man in a close
garment, with a ruff.
In the church are various mural monuments and hatchments of
Isle of Wight. 153
the family of Diggle, all of them modern. The Arms are, Gules, a
chevron between thrte daggers, blades argent, hafts or. Crest, a
boar's head erased proper.
There is likewise a hatchment, Quarterly, i and 4 argent, 2 and
3 gules, a fret or ; over all a fess azure, for Norris ; a gentleman
of which name inherits a good house in Hawley tithing, now in-
habited by Mrs. D'gby, widow of the Dean of Durham.
The church, which is only a curacy, has five bells, thus inscribed :
(1) [No date.] Sancta Katarina, ora pro nobis.
(2) 1577. Love the Lord the God ....
(3) 1613. William Yare made me.
(4) 1617. RE. Reprove me not, Lord, in thy wrathe.
(5) 1617. RE. Our hope is in the Lord.
The impropriator of the great tithes is John Limbery, Esq.
J.C.
Isle of Wight.
[1789, ran it., p. 808.]
I send you a little memoir, which may gratify some of your
antiquarian readers, as it is a pretty plain proof that, in the time of
Julius Caesar (when the author from whom it is taken wrote), there
was a communication by land, except at high water, between England
and the Isle of Wight. The author I cite is Diodorus Siculus, who,
in lib. iv., p. 101, edit. 1604, speaking of the tin found in Britain,
says :
" They carry it (the tin) into a certain island lying in the front of
Britain, called Ictis. For, at low water, the space between being
dry, they carry great quantities of tin thither in waggons. By the
way, there is a very singular circumstance attending the islands of
this neighbourhood, lying between Europe and Britain. For at high
water the intermediate passage being overflowed, they have the ap-
pearance of islands ; but at low water, when the sea has retired, and
left a large space dry, they are visibly nothing more than peninsulae."
And, N.B. (in confirmation of what this author hath said), that
between the Isle of Wight and the western end of the Hampshire
coast, is still to be seen at low water a rippling on the surface, which
is probably the course of the isthmus alluded to above.
Yours, etc., ARCH^EUS Surr.
Brixton.
[1863, Part //., /. 441.]
The Rev. W. Fox, of Brixton, has deposited in the Newport
Museum, a British urn containing burnt human bones, which he
recently excavated at the very edge of the cliff opposite Brixton. It
was inverted upon a flat piece of clay resembling a tile.
1 54 Hampshire.
[1760, />/. 552,553-]
CARISBROOK CASTLE.
Carisbrook Castle stands on a beautiful and exalted eminence,
near the centre of the Isle of Wight, overlooking the village of
Carisbrook. It was a strong fortress before the use of firearms ; its
antiquity is not known ; but it is thought to have been built in the
time of the ancient Britons, and repaired l>y the Romans after they
had subdued this island in an expedition uniler the conduct of
Vespasian, about forty-five years before the Christian era. Whitagar,
a follower of Cerdic, King of the West-Saxons, rebuilt this castle,
from whom it then took the name of VV'hitgaraburgh, which was
afterwards contracted to Carisbrook. It was repaired by Richard
de Rivers, Earl of Devon, in the reign of Henry I., and afterwards
by Queen Elizabeth. King Charles I. was a prisoner in it thirteen
months. There is a well belonging to it upwards of 210 feet deep,
that supplies it with excellent water, drawn up by an ass's working in
a wheel of 15 feet diameter, in the same manner as a dog turns a
spit. There was likewise another well in the keep, or dungeon, near
300 feet deep, which is now almost filled up with rubbish. Belong-
ing to it there is a very pretty chapel, in which divine service is
performed. The castle falls to ruins very fast. The governor's house
was converted to a hospital for the sick of the camp of 1758, the
rooms still remaining in the same condition in which they were
left.
[1867, Part I., pp. 791, 792.
COMBLY.
On the northern side of Arreton Down, in a very retired dell,
and less known than most places in the island, lies Combly Farm.
Backed by down land, and fronting one of the least populated and
fertile spots, its aspect is somewhat triste and lonely.. Upon this
farm, in several spots, Mr. John Lock, jun., has found the vestiges of
Roman buildings, a very significant fact in connetion with other
discoveries of a like character made of late years. When Sir Richard
Worsley published his "History of the Isle of Wight," he had not a
word to print on Roman remains. Now it is ascertained that there
is scarcely a part of the island where there are not traces of settle-
ments. Very recently some Roman urns, of large dimensions but
much injured from the wet clayey soil in which they were imbedded,
were found at Swanmore, near Ryde, and are deposited in the
museum of that town.
C. ROACH SMITH.
[1787, ran l., p. 377.]
FRESHWATER.
I send you three drawings of picturesque scenes in the Isle of
Wight (see Plate I.).
Isle of Wight. 155
No. i is a view of Freshwater Gate, a rocky wild bay, on the west
coast of the isle ; it is remarkable for what the inhabitants call a
ground tide, which is a violent agitation of the water, at a time when
the other parts of the shore are becalmed. This phenomenon is
supposed to he occasioned by a bottom interspersed with broken
rocks. The ground tide roars so loudly as to be heard at four or
five miles distance.
Round the corner, over which a sea-gull is represented soaring, is
the cave, drawn in Nos. 2 and 3. This beautiful grot is only to be
visited when the tides run remarkably low, which is probably the
reason of its being so little known, although so well worth exploring.
It has two entrances. The height of the main arch seems to be from
twenty to thirty feet, and the pier between the two openings seems
totally unable to sustain the chalk rock above it. The cave does
not run very far back under the rock before it grows too low to be
followed without much inconvenience.
In the month of January, 1767, the writer of this account viewed
this cavern in a condition frightfully picturesque. Its floor was
strewed with the remains of a French vessel, which, with its whole
crew, had perished on that inhospitable coast.
J. P. A.
[1804, Part II., p. 911.]
ST. CATHERINE'S TOWER.
Speaking of St. Catherine's Chapel, or Pharos, in the Isle of
Wight, Pennant says, "Divines, who seek for the completion of
prophecies, may have more comfort and authentic proof, from the
recent appearance of Shanklin Down, from the tower of St. Cathe-
rine's. Within memory of man, another, called Week Down, inter-
fered so far as to render the former scarcely visible from the tower ;
but at present Shanklin Down appears from that ancient structure
100 feet higher than that of Week; so that in this instance at least
' every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain shall be made
low.' I well remember the infinite satisfaction I gave to a truly
learned and pious rlivine on this subject, by relating to him that the
latter measures of the height of our boasted Snowdon made it about
150 feet lower than it was in the preceding century."
Yours, etc., QUERIST.
[1757, /• 176-]
I send you four views of the tower of St. Catherine's, which stands
upon the summit of St. Catherine's Hill Down, on the back of the
Isle of Wight, about 750 feet higher than high-water mark, and about
half a mile from the sea, commanding the most extensive view, both
by sea and land, of any place in Britain. It is part of a consecrated
building of great antiquity, as appears by the Winchester register, in
which there is this entry :
156 Hampshire.
" Waller de Langsterell, admissus ad Hermitorium supra montem
de Chale in insula Victis, Idil. Octobris, A.D. 1312."
The figure of this tower within is quadrangular, and without octa-
gonal ; each side both of ihe ociagon and quadtangle is just 4 feet,
its height to the roof is 27 feet, and the perpendicular height of the
roof is 2 feet.
It seems to be a Gothic imitation of the temple of the Eight
Winds at Athens, which was built by Andronicus, whom Vitruvius
calls Cyrrhastes at Athens.
I have added a view of this temple, which was of marble; on each
side was carved, in bas-relief, a representation of the wind of that
quarter which it fronted ; and on the point of the roof, which was a
pyramid of marble, a brazen Triton was placed, as a weathercock,
holding a small rod in his right hand, which pointed to the quarter
from which the wind blew.
The tower of St. Catherine has been long a sea-mark, and has betm
of the most important service by directing our marineis to avoid ihe
adjacent rocky shores in navigating the channel. You will see by
the south view that it must very soon fall at once into rubbish if it is
not effectually repaired ; and the sudden disappearance of it, before
the accident can be known at sea, will probably occasion the loss of
more vessels and lives than the most dreadful hurricane that ever
happened. I am, yours, etc., A. B.
The following article is omitted :
1816, part ii., pp. 116 117. Hampshire during the time of the Romans.
References to previous volumes of the Genllemans Magazine Library : —
Prehistoric Antiquities: — Stone implements found at Boffington ; human
remains at Winchester and in the Isle of Wight ; barrows in the New
Yoiesl.— Archceology, part i. , pp. 61, 131-135.
Roman Remains: — Andover, Bishopstoke, Bramdean, Broughton, Ropley,
Thruxton, Silchester, Winchester, Carisbrooke, I.W., Combly, I.W. —
Romano- British Remains, part i., pp. 107-132.
Anglo-Saxon Remains:— Skeletons near Basingstoke ; toilette implements
in the Isle of Wight. — Archeology, part ii., pp. 177, 178.
Architectural: — Basingstoke, Holy Ghost Chapel ; Tichfuld, Southampton,
Netley Abbey, Purchester Castle, St. Cross Hospital, Winchester
Cathedral, Carisbrooke Castle, I.W. — Architectural Antiquities, part i.,
pp. 180-183, 195 200, 361, 362, 363 365, 371, 373, 377-380, 382; Christ-
church, Romsey, Winchester. — Achitectural Antiquities, part ii., pp. 5,
15, 231, 232, 264, 265, 266.
Ecclesiological : — Christchurch, St. Cross, Winchester. — Ecclesiology, pp 112,
116, 123, 124, 134, 135, 172, 208, 209, 247, 248, 274, 275.
Folk Lore:— Elm-tree at Basingstoke, court leet at Bamber, Winchester
" Domum." — Manners and Customs, pp. 191, 226, 227, 235-240.
Herefordshire.
HEREFORDSHIRE.
[1817, Part //., //. 10-13.]
ANCIENT STATE AND REMAINS.
British Inhabitants. — Silures.
Roman Province. — Britannia Secunda. Stations. — Magna, Kent-
chester ; Ariconium, near Ross ; Bravinium, Brandon.
Saxon Heptarchy. — Mercia.
Antiquities. — Cromlech, called King Arthur's Tablet ; Clawdd Offa,
or Offa's Dyke ; Hereford Cathedral, College, Black Frier's Cross or
Stone Pulpit, White Frier's Cross; Dore and VVigmore Abbeys;
Madley Church Crypt ; Cathedral and Canon Peon Fonts ; Brampton
Brian, Clifford, Huntingdon, Goodrich, Longtown, Lyon's Hall,
Wigmore and Wilton Castles.
In the Cathedral were enshrined the remains of Ethelbert, King of
East Anglia, murdered by Offa ; and of its Bishop, St. Thomas de
Cantilupe, who died 1282, and was the last English prelate on whom
was conferred the honour of canonization. No less than 425 miracles
are said to have been performed at his tomb ; and so great was his
reputation that his successors changed the ancient arms of the see,
which were those of St. Ethelbert, to the paternal bearings of Canti-
lupe, which latter are continued to this day.
At Hereford was a house of friars of the Order of St. Anthony of
Vienna, whose principal care was to serve those afflicted with St.
Anthony's fire, a disorder so named from the relics of that saint
being considered as particularly efficacious in its cure. They came into
England about 1225, and had only one other house — at London — in
this kingdom.
At Monnington, in obscurity, September 20, 1415, died and was
buried the enterprising Welsh chieftain, Owen ap Gryffydd fychan,
commonly called Owen Glendour.
160 Herefordshire.
PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE.
Rivers. — Arrow, Dore, Escle, Frame, Gamar, Garran, Hothny,
Leddon, Loden, Lugg, Munnow, Olchron, Pinsley or Oney, Teme,
Wadel, Werme, and Wye —
" Meander, who is said so intricate to be,
Has not so many turns and crankling nooks as she." — DRAYTON.
Inland Navigation. — Hereford and Gloucester, Leominster canals.
Wye river.
Eminences and Views.— Malvern and Hatteril mountains; Ross
Church, Symond's Yate, Wigmore Castle, St. Mary's Knoll ; Aeon-
bury, Bradnor, Brierley, Capler, Coppedwood, Creden, Cusop,
DarbolH, Dinmore, Dog, Doward, Dynedor, Eaton, Frome, Gar-
raway, King Arthur's, Lady Lift, Marcle, Marshey, Mawbach, Saddle-
bow, Stockley, Tillington, Wall, and Wormesley hills.
Natural Curiosities. — Scenery of the Wye, particularly at Goodrich
Castle, Symond's Yate, and the New Wear ; Richard's Castle bone-
well, Malvern Holy Wells.
Seats. — Earl of Essex, lord-lieutenant of the county; Belmont,
John Matthews, Esq. ; Berrington Park, Lady Rodney ; Burghope,
Tuherville, Esq. ; Croft, Somerset Davies, Esq. ; Downton
Castle, Richard Payne Knight, Esq. ; Eastnor Castle, Lord Somers ;
Eywood House, Earl of Oxford ; Foxley, Uvedale Price, Esq. ;
Garnons, Sir John Geers Cottercl, Bart. ; Hampton Court, Richard
Arkwright, Esq. ; Harewood, Sir Hungerford Hoskins, Bart. ; Home
Lacy, Duchess Dowager of Norfolk ; Hope End, Sir Henry Tempest,
Bart. ; Kentchurch Court, Richard Philip Scudamore, Esq. ; Long-
worth, Robert Phillips, Esq. ; Meend, The, Thomas Symonds, Esq. ;
Moccas Court, Sir George Cornwall, Bart. ; Rotherwas, Charles
Bodenham, Esq. ; Shobden Court, William Hanbury, Esq. ; Stoke
Edith, Edward Foley, Esq. ; Wear, The, William Parry, Esq.
HISTORY.
A.D. 51, on Coxwall Knoll, near Brampton Brian, Caractacus
defeated, his wife, daughters, and brothers taken prisoners by Ostorius
Scapula, the Roman general, to whom Caractacus himself was after-
wards delivered by Cartismandua, Queen of the Brigantes.
A.D. 792, at Sutton Walls, Kthelbert, King of East Anglia,
treacherously murdered by Offa, King of Mercia, who had invited
him to his palace to marry his daughter.
A.D. 939, at Hereford, the Britons agreed to pay an increased
tribute to Athelstan.
A.D. 1055, near Hereford, Ranulph, its Earl, defeated, the city
afterwards taken, the cathedral burnt, and its Bishop slain by Gryffydd,
Prince of Wales.
AD. 1141, Hereford, under William Talbot, its Earl (a partisan of
History. 161
the Empress Maud), taken by Stephen, who entered with great pomp,
and sat crowned in the cathedral.
A.D. 1263, at Hereford, the first act of "hostility by the barons
against Henry III. ; Peter Aqua Blanca, its Bishop, being seized by
them, confined, and afterwards expelled the kingdom.
A.D. 1265, at Widemarsh, near Hereford, May 28, Prince Edward
(afterwards Edward I.), having tired the horses of his guards by
racing, jumped on a fresh horse, and escaped from the power of the
Earl of Leicester.
A.D. 1326, at Hereford, the Parliament assembled, which, under
the influence of the Queen Isabella and her paramour Mortimer,
deposed Edward II. ; and by her order, Hut;h de Spencer the
younger, Edward's favourite, and Sir Simon de Reding, hanged, and
Edmund, Earl of Arundel, beheaded.
A.D. 1401, near Wigmore, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March,
defeated, and in personal combat taken prisoner by Owen Glendour.
A.D. 1434, near Leominster, Owen Glendour's army dispersed by
Henry Prince of Wales, afterwards Henry V.
A.D. 1461, at Mortimer's Cross, February 2, Jaspar, Earl of Pem-
broke and Lancastrians defeated and 3,800 men slain by Edward
Mortimer, Earl of March (afterwards Edward IV.), when Owen
Tudor, husband of Catharine of France, and grandfather to Henry VII.,
was taken prisoner, and shortly afterwards beheaded at Hereford.
A.D. 1553, on Curnah Hill, near Leominister, the adherents of
Lady Jane Grey defeated by Hobby Welwayn and Throckmorton, at
the head of Mary's partizans.
A.D. 1643, Hereford given up to Sir William Waller and the
Parliamentarians, through the cowardice of Sir Richard Cave and
Colonel Herbert Price.
A.D. 1645, Hereford, which had been retaken by Barnabas Scuda-
more, successfully defended by him in a siege of above a month against
the Earl of Leven and the Scots.
BIOGRAPHY.
Beale, John, philosopher, author on " Cyder," seventeenth century.
Blount, Thomas, author on " Manorial Tenures," Orleton (died
1679).
Breton, John, Bishop of Hereford (died 1275).
Carpenter, George, Lord, general, victor at Preston, Pitcher's Ocule,
1667.
Clifford, Rosamund, mistress of Henry II., Clifford.
Clive, Catharine, comic actress, Hereford, 1711.
Coningsby, Sir Thomas, founder of hospital at Hereford, Hampton
Court (died 1652).
Cornwall, James, captain, naval hero, Hereford, 1699.
Davies, John, penman and poet, Hereford (died i6r8).
VOL. XVII. II
1 62 Herefordshire.
Devereux, Robert, Earl of Essex, favourite of Elizabeth, Nether-
wood, 1567.
Eaton, Adam de, Cardinal, scholar (died 1379).
Edwin, Mary, Lady Dering, beautiful and amiable, Hereford,
1650.
Ely, Humphrey, Roman Catholic divine (died 1604).
Garrick, David, "English Roscius," Hereford, 1716.
Gerthinge, Richard, penman, Hereford, seventeenth century.
Grandesson, John, Bishop of Exeter, Ashperton (died 1369).
Guillim, John, herald, Hereford, 1565.
Gwynne, Eleanor, actress, mistress of Charles II., Hereford, 1640.
Hackluyt, Richard, compiler of " Voyages," Eaton, about 1553.
Harley, Hon. Edward, auditor of the imprest, benefactor, Brompton
Brian, 1664.
Havard, William, song writer, author of " Banks of the Lugg,"
Hereford, 1734.
Hereford, Roger of, author of " Judicial Astrology " (flor. 1 170).
Kyrle, John, "the man of Ross" (died 1724, set. 90).
Lawrence, Stringer, East Indian major-general, Hereford, 1697.
Lempster, or Leominster, William, divine, Leominster.
Longmore, Edward, " Herefordshire Colossus," 7 feet 6 inches
high (died 1777).
Orleton, Adam de, Bishop of Winchester, Orleton (died 1345).
Ross, John, Bishop of Exeter, Ross, 1719.
Smith, Miles, Bishop of Gloucester, one of the translators of the
Bible, Hereford, 1550.
MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS.
In Brampton Brian Church is entombed the famous Lord High
Treasurer Robert Harley, first Earl of Oxford, founder of the Harleian
Library, and in Tiltey Church his brother, Auditor Harley, founder
of Brampton Brian School.
In Dore Churchyard lies its rector and historian, Matthew Gibson.
Downton Castle is the residence of Richard Payne Knight, Esq.,
author of "The Landscape," "Progress of Civil Society," etc.; and
Foxley, of Uvedale Price, Esq., author of " Essays on the
Picturesque."
Home Lacy was the seat of the Scudamores, of whom Sir James
was the legendary " Sir Scudamore " of Spenser's " Faerie Queen."
His son, created by Charles I. Vicsount Scudamore, first cultivated
and introduced the " red streak " apple. In this house Pope, when
visiting the last Viscount, wrote his " Man of Ross," and in it is
preserved a portrait of the great Lord Strafford, copied from Vandyck
in crayons by Pope.
In Hope Church was interred Sir Thomas Coningsby, founder of
Aconbury. 163
the hospital that bears his name in Hereford for worn-out soldiers and
superannuated servants.
At Ingeston House Serjeant Hopkyns entertained James I. with a
Morrice dance, performed by ten persons, whose united ages exceeded
i.ooo years. Of this "nest of Nestors," as Fuller calls them, Ralph
Wigley was in when he danced, and lived twenty-one years after.
At Eaton, in February, 1800, died Margaret Mapps, aged no.
At Ledbury, in 1735, died old Jacob Tonson, the bookseller (the
subject of a satirical triplet by Dryden), on whom was written an
epitaph in this Magazine for February, 1736, which was closely
copied by Franklin in his epitaph on himself.
At Marcle, February 7, 1575, about two acres of land were detached
from the side of the hill, and destroyed the chapel of Kynaston in its
fall. — Sir Richard Baker, in his " Chronicles," gravely says, that the
hill kept walking from Saturday evening 'till Monday noon, when it
stood still ! Phillips (who lies buried in Hereford Cathedral) mentions
the wonder in his English Georgic, "Cyder."
Adam de Orleton was a principal agent for Queen Isabella, " she-
wolf of France," and Mortimer, in the deposition of Edward II. ; and
conniving at his murder, addressed his keepers in the famous enigma :
"Edwardum regem occidere nolite timere bonum est,"
which, if pointed after "nolite," dissuades from the murder; but, if
after " timere," incites to its commission. In Orleton Church was
buried its native Blount, author of " Fragmenta Antiquitatis, or
Antient Tenures and Customs," which was reprinted by Josiah
Beckwith in 1784, and again by Mr. Beckwith's son in 1815.
At Ross is the house, the portrait, and the monument of the bene-
volent John Kyrle, Pope's " Man of Ross ;" born in Dymock parish,
Gloucestershire.
At Whitborne died and was buried, without "monument, inscription,
or stone," the learned Bishop Godwin, author of "De Prassulibus
Anglise." BYRO.
Aconbury.
[1787, p. 949.]
As I lately had the pleasure of looking over the first volume of
Mr. Cough's very elegant and ingenious work on "Sepulchral
Monuments," I noticed several plates of slone coffins found in
Aconbury chapel and Dore church. As I do not recollect ever
having seen any engraving of the former, I have enclosed a drawing
of it, thinking it might prove an object of curiosity to some of your
readers. (See Plate I.)
The farmhouse seen in the view is fitted up from the remains of a
nunnery, of the Augustine order, that stood on the same spot.
Dugdale, in his account of "Religious Houses" in Herefordshire,
says, "By inquisition taken the 49th of Henry III., it was found that
1 1 — 2
1 64 Herefordshire.
the Lady Margary Lacy, who had all the forest of Aconbury (excepting
Adelston) by gift of King John, founded there a monastery of nuns."
The charter of Henry III. dated soth year, recites and confirms the
foundation of this nunnery : " Catherine Lacy gave them the lands of
Corsham, confirmed by Walter Clifford. — Margaret, the wife of the
said Walter Sybilla Ewias, and William Brewias, knight, were all
benefactors to this nunnery."
Aconbury, with Dewsall and other considerable estates in this
neighbourhood, formerly belonged to the Chandois family, who
occasionally made Dewsall their residence. The principal part of
the old house has been pulled down, and the remainder converted
into a handsome farmhouse.
Yours, etc., J. WATHEN.
Burford, Dilwyn, Weobly, and Stretford.
[1827, Part II., pp. 306-308.]
My friend Major Evans, of Eyton Hall, Herefordshire, has kindly
put into my hands the copy of an entry made by a Vicar of Dilwyn
in the oldest register book of that parish, relative to the monuments
in the Churches of Burford, Dilwyn, Weobly, and Stretford, in his
county; and aware of your wishes to preserve and communicate
topographical notices, I at once transmit the same to you.
BURFORD.
" In the baron of Burford's seat is seen one of this family in armour,
with these armes : Cornewall on a label of three poynts ; and this
inscription thus spelled in cap. : Heere lyeth the bodye of Edmonde
Cornewayle, sonne and heire aparante of Sr Thomas Cornewayle,
Kn'. whych Edmonde dyed in the yeare of his age 20, and in the
yeare of our Lord God MDIII."
Another monument in Burford Church :
" Here lyeth the body of the noble princess Elizabeth, daughter of John of
Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, own sister to king Henry ye fourth, wife of John
Hollande, Earle of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter, after whose death she
married Sr John Cornewayle, Kn' of the Garter and Lord Fanehope, and died the
fourth year of Henry VI. An. Dom. MCCCCXXVI."
DILWYN.
A rough drawing of the monument is here inserted, and beneath it
the following :
" On the north side of the high chancel, in ye wall, is .... son of the noble
family of the Talbots, whereof John Lord Talbot, s .... of Blackmere Furnival
Verdon, governor of Anjou and Main .... created Earle of Shrewsbury : he
was also Earle of W .... was slayn in Aquitaine in 32 Henry .... buried
in Whitchurch porch, Shr ....
This is a supposed prior of the an .... Manour of Dilwyn, whose armes
are .... North and South windows of the great . . . ."
Weobly and Strdford. 165
WEOBLY.
" Vernon in Weobly Chancel."
Here is inserted a rough drawing of the monument with a single
effigy.
"In Weobly Church, also, almost opposite to the former monument."
Here again is a drawing in similar style of the monument, on which
are two effigies, and the vicar has written upon it the name of
" Devereux."
STRETFORD.
"This parish church of Stretford, anciently dedicated to Sts Cosmo
and Damian, hath two fair ancient monuments therein, supposed to
be of the De la Barrs, so like one another, that in touching off the
one you also represent the other. His shield, which is the same
with the armes of another in ye north window of the great chancel of
the next parish, called Dilwyn, are, Azure, a bend Argent cotized Or,
between 6 martlets of the same.
" In the same parish is seen a well, superstitiously called S1 Cosmo
and S< Damian's well."
Of the churches mentioned in this extract, I have as yet seen the
inside of only one, that of Weobly ; but it enables me to go more
into detail respecting the monuments noticed in it, than what is stated
above. One of these is there assigned by the vicar to the Vernon,
the other to the Devereux family.
The manor and castle of Weobly were conveyed by the heiress,
Margaret de Lacy, to her husband John de Vernon, who died in
1274, and was again transferred by Margaret, the third daughter of
his grandson Theobald, to her third husband, Sir John Crophull, who
died seized of Weobly in 1383. It became the property of their
granddaughter Agnes, whose father had died during their lifetime.
Sir Walter Devereux, M.P., the executor of the Earl of Essex, married
this Agnes, by which he acquired possession of Weobly, of which he
died seized in 1402. His widow survived him one-and-thirty years,
leaving at that time a son of his father's name, three others, John,
Richard, and Thomas, and two daughters. Walter espoused Elizabeth
the daughter of Sir Thomas Bromwich, knight. He died in 1436,
leaving a son, Sir Walter, but fifteen years old, and this young man
married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir John Merbury or
Marbury, of Lyon's Hall, in the immediate vicinity.
I have traced down the possessors of Weobly to this period, because
it brings us to the date of the monuments.
There is, however, one very decisive fact that must prevent our
attributing, with the vicar, either of these monuments to the Devereux
family, or to the Vernons ; and that is, that on the helmets of the
male effigies on both there; is the same crest ; and it is decidedly nut
1 66 Herefordshire.
that borne by them, that of the former being out of a ducal coronet
Or a talbot's head ar. eared gu. ; and of the latter, a demi-woman
proper, etc., a boar's head erased, etc., a tiger's head erased, etc., or
a lion rampant gules.
Now that of the monuments is, on a chapeau a man's head,
wreathed about the temples, and such was the crest of the Marbury
family.
Sir John Marbury was Sheriff of the county in the years 1405,
1415, 1419, 1425, and 1429, and we find by the Rolls of Parliament
had an annuity granted to him in 1427 for his military services in the
reigns of Henry V. and Henry VI. He married Alicia, the daughter
and heiress of Sir John Penbruge, or Pembridge, knight, whose brother
(I believe) Sir Richard Pembruge, K.G., died in 1375, and his effigy
still remains in the cathedral of Hereford. . . .
The monument having on it the two figures, is on the south side
of the chancel, and may be thus described : male figure, in the armour
which characterizes the early part of the reign of Henry VI., viz., on
its head a basinet encircled by the wadded orle, richly ornamented.
To this is attached a gorget of plate, the armpits guarded by fan-like
palettes, the breast-plate of two pieces, upper and lower, the abdomen
covered by eight successive taces, from the lowest of which depend
two small tuiles, a military girdle, besides which the sword-belt
bendwise, a collar of SS round the neck, the plate below the genouil-
liere indented, cuisses, jambs, and sollerets of plate, the head reclining
on the tournament-helmet, with the cap and crest as before mentioned.
The lady in a large cornute reticulated head-dress, but the rest of her
costume such as did not last long after the commencement of the
reign of Henry VI. These I have no doubt represent John Marbury,
and his wife Alicia. The other monument is on the opposite side ot'
the chancel, and is in plate armour with taces from below which
appears an indented petticoat of mail, and over which is a military
belt. He has fangenouillieres, and a basinet protected with an orle,
and to it fastened a gorget of plate, like the other a la mentoinere,
and the mode of its fastening distinctly shown. The costume of this
effigy marks it as being somewhat prior in date to the other.
It has been conjectured that these monuments belonged to the
powerful family of Bruges, or Bridges, who resided at Bridge Sellers
(now belonging to my friend Sir John Geers Cotterell, Bart., about
six miles south of Weobly), and one of the effigies supposed to be
that of Sir Simon de Bruges, with whose period, the close of the
fourteenth century, the armour will by no means agree. Yet it is
very curious that the crest is almost equally applieable to the Bridges
as the Marbury family, unless by removing the plaster with which it
is coated, the minute distinctive marks should appear. The crests
are thus given by Edmondson :
" On a chapeau gu. turned up erm., a man's head side-faced proper,
Stretford. 167
wreathed about the temples or and az. ; on the chapeau five besants
in fesse. — Marbury."
"A Saracen's head in profile, couped at the shoulders proper,
habited ar., powdered with torteauxes, and wreathed about the
temples ar. and sa. — Bruges."
It is unfortunate that no armorial bearings exist to set this matter
at rest ; for though above the monument is a wooden shield, on which
they were once no doubt emblazoned, this has for many years been
deprived of its paint. It is of the same date as the effigies, though I
doubt its having ever been actually used in war, as it could not have
been suspended from the neck, nor put on the arm, never having had
the necessary apparatus. Still there is one fact that must decide in
preference for the Marburys, viz., that the man's head is placed on a
chapeau.
Of Lyonshall Castle, scarce any part now remains, with the exception
of fragments of the outer wall. It lies between Kington and Weobly,
about three miles from the former. It was, together with its manor,
possessed at the beginning of the reign of Henry III. by Sir Stephen
d'Evereux, who then gave the church to the canons of St. Leonard
of Pyona. In the reign of Edward I., William Baron Tuchet possessed
them, after which I am not aware in what way they fell into the hands
of the Marburys.
S. R. MEYRICK.
Burghope.
[1791, Part II., pp. 787, 788-]
The old mansion of Burghope, or Burhope, of which I lately sent
you a drawing, is situated near the road from Hereford to Leominster,
seven miles from the former, on an agreeable eminence, a part of
Dinmore Hill. It was for some ages in the family of the Moores ;
and from them came to the ancient family of Goodere, which has
often enjoyed the honour of knighthood, and been of considerable
note in several counties.*
Francis G., of London, who lived in the reign of Henry VIII.,
purchased Poleswoith nunnery at the Dissolution, and had issue
William and Henry, both knights ; Sir Henry, an accomplished
person, and of eminent note in that county, suffered imprisonment
in behalf of the unfortunate Queen of Scots, t He left two daughters;
Frances married to Sir Henry, his eldest brother's son and heir,}
whose issue was four daughters. §
Henry G. was living at Baginton 10 Elizabeth. || From this family
* The four lines in p. 793 (in which for " Walker " read " Wathen ") were printed
off before this particular discription of Burghope and its owners was received. — liu.
t Camden's "Annals of Queen Elizabeth," 1571-73.
J The other sister, Anne, married Henry Rainsford, of Clifford, in the county
of Gloucester. — Dugd.ile.
§ Dugdale's "Warwickshire," 1113, 1114, ed. Thomas.
|| Baronetage.
1 6 8 Herefordsh ire.
descended Edward G., Esq., created baronet Dec. 5, 1707, 6 Anne;
knight of the shire for the county of Hereford in the parliament
preceding that, and M.P. for Evesham in several since; eighty years
old 1727, and died 1739, aged ninety-two, having married Eleanor,
only daughter and heir of Sir Edward Dineley, Knight, of Charlton, in
the county of Worcester, by Frances, daughter of Lewis Watson, Lord
Rockingham. He was the last of the family who resided here; but
the property devolved to his eldest son, Sir John Dineley Goodere,
who assumed the name of Dineley in respect of the large estate
which he inherited from his mother; but, having lived on bad terms
with his younger brother, Samuel Dineley G., captain of the Ruby
man-of-war, and threatening to disinherit him in favour of his sister's
son, John Foot, Esq., of Truro, in Cornwall, it so alarmed the captain
that he formed a resolution of murdering him, which he executed
Jan. 17, 1741. A friend at Bristol, who knew their mortal antipathy,
had invited them both to dine, in hopes of reconciling them, and
they4>arted in the evening in seeming friendship; but the captain
placed some of his men in the street, near College Green, to carry
off his brother, under pretence of his being disordered in his senses,
to his ship, where he caused him to be strangled in the cabin by two
of the crew, White and Mahony, himself standing at the door. Such
an atrocious deed could not long be concealed ; the captain and his
two accomplices were tried at Bristol the 28th of March following,
and executed April 15. He had behaved biavely in his profession
on several occasions, been at the taking of St. Sebastian, Ferrol, and
St. Antonio. His eldest son, Edward, succeeded to the title, and
dying 1761, single, was succeeded by his brother John, who died at
Dublin, 1785. John Foot, nephew to Sir John, and elder brother
to the celebrated comedian, became possessed of the Charlton
estate, and sold it to Sir John's widow's second husband, Mr. Rayner,
printer, in Whitefriars, who sold it again.*
Soon after the fatal catastrophe happened to the brothers, Burg-
hope, with other estates, to the amount of ^1,000 a year, were
purchased by Governor Peachy, now Sir James Peachy, Bart. The
house and gardens have been so much neglected that the former
serves only as a warehouse or granary to the farmer, and the gardens
are chiefly planted with hops. This house must have been a most
desirable residence, having spacious woods, whence the views were
extensive and picturesque. It had a very desirable neighbourhood,
having Hampton Court, Dinmore, and Winsty near it.
J. WATHEN.
Dore.
[1792, Part I.,pp. 395, 396.]
Among a variety of old churches in the county of Hereford that I
last year visited, I found few so deserving the notice of your anti-
* Nash's "Worcestershire," i., 272, 273.
Dore. 1 69
quarian readers as the venerable old abbey church of Dore, eleven
miles south-west of Hereford. Its situation at the head of the
Golden Vale is so exactly described by Camden that I will add his
account of it : " The Dore river cuts its way through the middle of
the valley, which the Britons from the river call the Diffrin Dore,
but the English the Golden Vale, which name it may well be thought
to deserve, for its golden, rich, and pleasant fertility, as the hills
•which encompass it on both sides are clothed with woods, under the
woods cornfields on each hand, and under these fields lovely and
fruitful meadows; in the middle between them glides a clear and
crystal river, upon which Robert, Earl of Ewias, erected a beautiful
monastery, wherein very many of the nobility and gentry of these
parts were buried." The founder of this abbey (which was of the
Cistercian Order) resided at the castle built by his father Harold
soon after the Conquest ; it was situated one mile south-east of
Dore at the village of Ewias Harold ; the site only is now to be
seen. Among many of the principal and early benefactors to this
abbey that were here interred, Leland says,* " were the Alanes,
lords of Alanes more and Kilpek, and Sir Alane Plokenet, lord of
Kilpek Castle (situated five miles south-east of Dore), John de Warre,
a lord of Ewias, and Walter de Clifford," whose castle (of which a
small part remains) is situated nine miles north-west of Dore, on the
banks of the river Wye. It also appears that " Caducanus, some-
time Bishop of Bangor, who afterwards became a monk of Dore, was
buried in the fourth aile of this church ;" his effigy in oak, almost
entire, was to be seen here, but has been removed. John Bruton,
Knight, and his wife (father to John Bruton (or Betane) Bishop of
Hereford in 1148) were also here buried. This abbey and church
suffered so much after its dissolution, and during the protectorship
of Cromwell, that very few of the old tombs and monuments remained
at the time it was rtstored by Lord Scudamore. From the annexed
view of it your readers will see that more than half the church was
buried in ruins ; its situation may also be exactly ascertained from
the account given of it by a person who well remembered the restoring
of the church of Dore:f "Mr. John Gyles, then called Sir G)les,
curate here before the church was repaired, who read prayers under
an arch of the old demolished church to preserve his book from wet
in the rainy weather." This church when entire must have been
very magnificent and spacious, to correspond with the parts that
remain, which are the transept, choir, and cloisters, only the nave
being entirely gone ; it was built after the cathedral form, has a single
cloister on each side, and a double cloister at the end of the choir ;
the beautiful architecture of the window in this part of the church
has been admired by all persons that see it, and particularly by a late
* Itin. VIII., p. 84.
t See the deposition of Hugh Poull, in the case of Tythes.
1 70 Herefordshire.
distinguished Eastern traveller (Dr. Pocock), who, near thirty years
since, spent several days in examining this church, and othtr remains
of antiquity in this neighbourhood at Oldcastle, Longtown, Lanthony,
and Alterrennis. At the time Dore church was restored, in 1634, a
part of the dissolved monastery called Lancashire Hall (from Thomas,
Karl of Lancaster, a saint held in great veneration here) was appointed
by Lord Scudamore for a rectory ; but the situation proving damp
and unhealthy (the river Doire running near it), a new licence was
obtained, and the present rectory-house built in 1665. A late worthy
rector, Mr. Gibson (to whom I am indebted for many particulars),
remarks of this house, "that though the structure be not so sumptuous
as either of the others his lordship built (at Homme Lacy, near
Hereford, and Hempsted, near Gloster), yet, with gratitude to the
founder, and hearty thanks to God for it, it is a good, decent house,
and what it wants in grandeur is sufficiently made out in the singular
conveniences belonging to it ;"* the out-buildings are good, and the
adjoining gardens and orchard contain five or six acres. The Lord
Scudamore, who was so gratefully remembered by the above Rector
of Dore, was a character as distinguished for his loyalty as his
universal benevolence and charity ; he not only repaired and restored
this and the above-mentioned church, and handsomely endowed them,
but liberally relieved the suffering clergy, who adhered to the interest
of their deposed master. The citizens of Hereford have also reason
to respect the memory of this nobleman for a charity that has the
laudable tendency of encouraging the young and industrious, and
relieving the aged and infirm, having by his will bequeathed a sum
of ^400 in trust to the corporation of Hereford, the interest of
which is lent to young tradesmen (for a certain number of years) to
enable them to begin business ; and to ten decayed tradesmen ,&io
per annum each for their lives. Besides other considerable repairs,
the whole of Dore Church was new roofed, and the present tower
raised ; he also carefully preserved several mutilated monuments
and stone coffins, and the communion-table (one entire stone 12
leet long, 4 broad, 3 inches thick), that lay buried in the ruins of
the church ; the communion-table was restored to its place, and
stands upon three pilasters of stone, with several monuments (of a
late date), in the choir part of Dore; and near the altar is a hand-
some raised tomb and inscription to the memory of Sir John Hoskins,
Knight, whose seat was at Morehatnpton, one mile north of Dore ;
near the house (that is now reduced to a handsome farmhouse) were
a park and some fine estates that are now possessed by Sir Hunger-
ford Hoskins, Bart., of Harewood, in this county. From the peculiar
fertility of the soil, and beauty of the country round Morehampton,
* See Gibson's " Account of the Endowments of Homme Lacy and Dore Church,
in Herefordshire, and Hempsted, near Gloucester," a book now scarce, published
1727-
Dore. 171
I conclude Sir John Hoskins had no occasion to search further than
his own neighbourhood to find the ten old persons (of 100 years
each) to entertain King James when he made his excursion in this
part of England ; many persons of the same age, I believe, are still
to be found in this and the adjoining parishes. Of Sir John Hoskins
I hope to communicate some other particulars in a future article.
J. WATHEN.
[1829, Part II., pp. 497, 498.]
I request your insertion of another view of Dore Abbey, from a
different point of sight, drawn and engraved by Mr. Malcolm (see
Plate II.).
Dore Abbey was of the Cistercian order, and was founded by
Robert de Ewyas, the youngest son of Harold, Lord of Ewyas, in the
time of King Stephen, to the honour of the Virgin Mary. Amongst
its benefactors may be enumerated King John, Robert, Earl of
Ferrers, Alan de Plokenet, John la Warre, Walter de Clifford, and
numerous others.
In Pope Nicholas's taxation, the spiritualities of the monastery
amount to £9 133. 4d. ; the annual amount of the temporal pos-
sessions to ^120 i6s. i id.
In the 26th Henry VIII. the gross revenues of this house amounted
to .£118 os. ad. The clear income to j£ioi 55. 2d. per annum.
The site was granted, 31 Henry VIII., to John Scudamore.
A very impeded impression of the seal of this abbey is in the
collection of John Caley, Esq. Its subject is an abbot at lull length,
in one hand a crucifix, in the other a book ; and having on his dexter
side a shield, with the arms of the abbey, being those of the family
of Tregoz, who married the heiress of the founder, Ewyas, viz.,
Gules, two bars geniels, and in chief a lion passant, guardant or.
The arms in the shield of the sinister side are, in this impression,
wholly obliterated, nor can more of the legend be made out than
s. c DE DORA.*
The remains of the abbey, now the parish church, are at the east
end of the village. They show the effects of violence rather than of
age, though the walls bear the marks peculiar to the earliest style of
church aichitecture. They are variegated with the tints of the saffron,
green and lead-coloured mosses ; and covered by ivy on the north
side, which clings to the interstices, and winding over the arches,
assumes their form, permitting but partial glances of the stone that
composes them. N. R. S.
* Dugclale's "Monasticon," new edition, vol. v., p. 553. A seal of the Abbot
Jordan, of Dore, is engraved in our vol. Ixxvi., p. 793.
1 72 Herefordshire.
Eccleswall Castle.
[1749,/- 536.]
The arms on an old seal which was found about ten years ago in
an ancient wall at Eccleswall Castle, in the parish of Linton, in Here-
fordshire. It is of silver, but this arms is only the middle part, there
being a circular border of silver also, with this inscription or legend :
"Sigillutn Fhilippi de Henbury."
But no family of that name, or like it, now extant, is known to bear
that coat. The arms screw in or out of the border so as to seal with
or without the legend. The work is well performed, and sunk in the
silver so as to show an impression raised up. Eccleswall Castle
formerly belonged to the Talbots, since Earls of Shrewsbury, and by
an heiress came to the Greys, and was sold by the late Duke of Kent
to Mr. Bonner, present possessor of it and of the seal. R. W.
Goodrich.
[1831, Part II., p. 584.]
Nobody knows who was the founder that gave name to the fortress
and village of Goodrich. In the " Liber Niger Scaccar." (by Hearne),
i. 1 60, is a charter of the Abbot of Winchcombe, saying that William
Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, owed two knights' fees to the abbot for
Castle Godric. I treated it as a return wrongly entered, until I found
in the "Rot Marescall,"* 13 Edward II., m. 4, that the Abbot of
Winchcombe is certified as having two knights' fees, which I pre-
sumed to be those of Godrich, as above. I have abstracts made by
myself of the two registers of Winchcombe Abbey (now or lately in
the possession of Lord Sherbornej, but neither in the extracts nor in
the "Monasticon" (the old edition, i. 187), could I find any elucida-
tion, because all their "antiqua testimonia" of the endowment of the
abbey were destroyed by fire in the reign of Stephen. I then gave
up the inquiry as being much like that of the lost course of Offa's
Dyke. But I was again revived by finding that the same OFFA who
expelled the Britons from the track between the Severn and the Wye,
of which Godrich was part, was founder of the nunnery at Winch-
combe, which preceded the famous mitred abbey, and, of course,
might have endowed that nunnery with part of the acquired British
property. Now, the Conqueror ejected a Godric, Abbot of Winch-
combe, from his monastery, and imprisoned him in Gloucester
Castle. Whether this Godric founded the castle or not, let others
decide, but it is certain that the Earls Marshall did succeed in the
estate, and that the Abbot of Winchcombe in the reign of Henry II.
certifies that William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, did not only hold
of him the two fees of Godrich, but also LXV. fees and a half of the
honour of Striguil. If so, Offa might have given that immense estate
• Palgrave's " Parl. Writs," vol. ii., Div. ii., p. 529.
Goodrich. 173
to the monks, out of which the Conqueror might have ousted them,
and transferred it to the Earls Marshall. It may be further observed
that Godrich Castle had in more recent times a large extent of juris-
diction. Yours, etc., T. D. FOSBROKE.
Hampton Bishop.
[1791, Part I., p. 31.]
In Beckwith's edition of Blount's "Fragmenta Antiquitatis,"
p. 271, the following tenure is inserted from the "Black Book of
Hereford " :
" Tenentes de Hampton Episcopi in com. Hereford debent
quaerere annuatim sex summas virgarum, apud Boscum de Haya
juxta Hereford, et apportare ad Hereford ad cletas nundinarum
faciendas, quando suerint requisiti, et pro qualibet summa dictarum
virgarum allocabitur eis obolum de nundinis." Which tenure is thus
translated : " The tenants at Hampton Bishop, in the county of Here-
ford, were to get yearly six horse loads of rods or wattels, in the Hay
Wood, near Hereford, and bring them to Hereford to make booths
(or hurdles to pen sheep in) at the fair when they should be re-
quired ; and for every load ot the said rods they were to be allowed
a halfpenny at the fairs."
This tenure, I conjecture, relates to one particular fair only, and
not to all the fairs held at Hereford. The word nundinje is indeed
in the plural number ; but, as it has no singular number, it is from
thence that the uncertainty arises. The fair which I suppose the
tenure concerns begins on May 19, and from its continuing nine
days, is called the nine-day fair. From time immemorial this fair is
proclaimed, with certain formalities, by the Bishop of Hereford's
bailiff, or his deputy, and the tolls of the fair belong to one or both
of these officers. During the continuance of the fair, the Bishop's
bailiff supersedes the Mayor of Hereford, and is the acting magistrate.
The fair also is not held in the usual place, but in a street before the
bishop's palace. The Bishop of Hereford has likewise had, at all
times, an intimate connection with the parish of Hampton Bishop (as
may be insinuated from its name), being the patron of the rectory,
and keeping in repair a large enbankment of the river Wye. He is,
I believe, paramount lord over the greatebt part, if not the whole, of
the parish.
These are my grounds for supposing the nine-days' fair or.ly to be
alluded to in the foregoing tenure ; and could it be made appear
that the Hay Wood had ever any dependance on the Bishop of Here-
ford, my conjecture would be more strongly supported. M. C.
[1825, Part 21., pp., 18-20.]
Allow me to offer the following description of the paintings, por-
traits, etc., at Hampton Court in Herefordshire, the ancient seat of
1 74 Herefordshire.
the Coningsby family, being the result of a visit there a few years
back.*
Henry, Baron Abergavenny, great-grandfather to Earl Coningsby
(ob. 1642), in the attitude of rising from his seat.
Lady Mary Sackville, daughter of the Earl of Dorset (ob. 1608),
wife to Henry, Lord Abergavenny. Three-quarters size.
The late Earl Coningsby, great-grandfather of the present Earl of
Essex (ob. 1729), and his two daughters, Margaret (ob. . . .) and
Frances (ob. 1781), whole lengths, painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller in
the year 1722. The earl is depicted in a sitting posture, resting his
right arm on the holy Bible, grasping in his hand a roll, on which is
inscribed : " Magna Charta . . . Qth of Henry the Third. This is
my birthright purchased with the blood of my ancestor," bearing a
strong testimony to the violence of his opinions. On the tablet,
against which the earl leans, is represented the arms, quarterly of
twelve, with the supporters and motto, "Tacta Libertas." Under-
neath is the following : " This first Coat was in this manner borne by
John Lord Coningsby Baron of Coningsby, in Lincolnshire, who
was slain in the Barons' Warrs in the Reign of King John,t the which
Town and Castle of Coningsby being then confiscated, is now in the
possession of the Lord Sheffield, and this is approved by the Heralds
upon perusal of the evidence of Humphrey Coningsby of Nend-Sollers,
who is lineally descended from the said John." The Tower of
London is in the distance, to which the earl was committed for some
offence he gave in Parliament. Vertue's large engraving is from this
painting.
Sir Thomas Coningsby, founder of the Red Coat Hospital in the
city of Hereford (ob. 1625), great-grandfather to Earl Coningsby;
with his favourite dwarf crickett and dog ; whole length.
The same Sir Thomas, at the age of twenty-one, in 1572.
Phillipa, wife of Sir Thomas, a Fitzwilliam by her father, and a
Sidney by her mother's side, 1578.
Another portrait of Sir Thomas, and an excellent piece of moral
and religious advice addressed to his son, Fitzwilliam Coningsby,
when the latter was chosen a member of the House of Commons
(lately written fair, framed and glazed). Dated, " 2oth Dec. 1620."
An undoubted original on wood, of Henry IV., who built Hampton
Court, which is said to have been completed with the spoils from
Agincourt This portrait has been often described and engraved. A
very accurate copy of it on panel was made some years ago by Mr.
Harris, printer, Leominster.
* The dates are, for the most part, supplied from a pedigree of the family, com-
piled from the records in the College of Arms, bearing date April 12, 1823.
t There is cerlainly an error in this statement, for John Baron Coningsby
(superst. an. 1200) was slain at the battle of Chesterfield, in Derbyshire, in 1266
(50 Henry III.).
Hampton Bishop. 175
The Duchess of Cleveland (ob. 709), by Sir Peter Lely.
A view of Coaingsby Castle in Lincolnshire, forfeited to the crown
in King John's reign, having been in the family 300 years, which
castle and barony had descended to them from the Saxons, " as by
auncient recorde dothe appeare."
Five large old paintings of Hampton Court.
The Battle of Aghrim in Ireland, fought when Earl Coningsby was
Lord Justice of Ireland.
An original portrait of Henry VII.
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV. and wife of Henry VII.
Henry IV. of France.
Queen Elizabeth.
Lady lane Grey.
Sir William Fitzwilliam, Lord Deputy of Ireland, Preceptor to
Mary Queen of Scots, and father to Phillipa, wife of Sir Thos.
Coningsby (ob. 1599).
Anne (daughter of Sir VVillia-n, and sister to Sir Henry Sidney,
Knight), wife to Sir William Fitzwilliam, represented with her right
hand on a skull, covered with an inscription in very small characters,
probably some moral reflections ; her left caressing a favourite cat.
A skull, said to be the original of the painted one, is preserved and
exhibited, and also what is called the helmet of Henry IV., founder
of the seat, but from the style of its ornaments, evidently of the later
period of James I. The helmet is of polished steel, inlaid with
gold ornaments.
Barbara, daughter of Ferdinando Gorges, of Eye, county Hereford,
Esq., first wife of Lord Coningsby, from whom he was divorced.
(Of the Gorges there are some very curious particulars in Lord
Coningsby's Case of the Five Hundreds, etc. ; folio.)
Sir Thomas Southwell, Bart. (ob. 1720), who married Meliora,
eldest daughter of Earl Coningsby, by his first wife ; half length.
Meliora, Lady Southwell (ob. 1735-36); half length.
A small coloured figure of Thomas Coningsby, Esq., son of Earl
Coningsby, by his first wife, modelled in his lifetime by his own order,
and preserved in a case. This Thomas is reported to have been de-
ficient in his intellect. His lordship had six children by his first lady.
Lady Frances Jones, daughter and co-heiress of Richard, Earl of
Ranelagh, and second wife to Earl Coningsby (ob. 1714-15); whole
length.
The same lady, by Kneller, at the age of twenty-one.
Richard, Earl of Cork, great-grandfather to both Lord and Lady
Coningsby (ob. 1643).
The Viscountess Ranelagh, daughter of Richard, Earl of Cork, and
grandmother to Lady Coningsby (ob. 1691).
Earl Coningsby in his park with greyhounds, and view of his
mansion in the distance. Kneller.
1 76 Herefordshire.
Sir Charles Porter, joint commissioner with Earl Coningsby in
Ireland during 1690 and the two following years. Copy from
Kneller.
Sir William Robinson, Knight, deputy to Earl Coningsby when
Vice-Treasurer of Ireland. By Kneller.
Mr. Lowndes, Secretary of the Treasury.
Thomas Williams, a pleasant fool belonging to his lordship, who
died an. 1687.
Elizabeth Norbury, cousin-german to Earl Coningsby.
Mrs. Harford, cousin ; by her father.
Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, K.B. (ob. 1759); half length.
Frances. Countess of Essex, mother to the present earl, daughter
of Sir Charles H. Williams and Lady Frances Coningsby (ob. 1759) ;
half length.
In a passage window are three coats-of-arms of the Coningsbys in
stained glass, dated 1614, 1613, 1614, marked T. R.
In the library is shown a bloody handkerchief, which Collins in his
" Peerage " thus notices :
" Thomas Coningsby, Esq. (afterwards created Earl) being at the
battle of the Boyne in Ireland, was so near his Majesty King William
the Third, that when the bullet rising aslant on the King's right
shoulder took out a piece of his coat, and tore the skin and flesh, Mr.
Coningsby immediately had the presence of mind to clap his hand-
kerchief on the place."
Visitors are likewise shown a handsome fowling-piece which Earl
Coningsby caused to be made from the blades of swords taken from
the rebels at the same time. [Inscription on barrel omitted. ]
A CONSTANT SUBSCRIBER.
In addition to the list here concluded, we annex an account of
some paintings which may have escaped our " Constant Reader's "
observations, but were preserved in the curious mansion of Hampton
Court, as appears from a list taken by Mr. F. Harris, of Leominster,
about twenty -five years ago, with which we have been favoured by our
correspondent J. A. As the Hampton Court estate in Herefordshire
has passed by purchase from the present Earl of Essex (George Capel
Coningsby) to Richard Arkwright, Esq., great changes may have
taken place in the disposal of the pictures, and the notice of the
following paintings is therefore given, as they were originally placed
there, not as they may be now.
Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. Vandyke.
The Earl of Essex. Lawrence.
The Countess of Essex. Lawrence.
Major Basset, father of the present Countess of Essex.
The Countess of Kildare, eldest daughter of the Earl of Ranelagh,
and sister to the Lady Coningsby.
Hampton Bishop. 177
Edward IV.
William III., 1700; threequarter length. Kneller.
William III. ; whole length. Kneller.
Queen Mary, wife of William III. Kneller.
Fitzwilliam Coningsny, grandfather to Earl Coningsby.
Cecilia Neville, daughter to Henry, Lord Abergavenny, by Lady
Mary Sackville, wife to Fitzwilliam Coningsby ; whole length.
Lady Lisburne, second wife of Lord Lisburne, brother to Earl
Coningsby's mother ; threequarter length. Kneller.
Sir Arthur Loftus, grandfather to Earl Coningsby, by his mother's
side ; threequarter length.
Earl Coningsby, 1709; whole length. Kneller.
Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, cousin-german to Earl
Coningsbv, by his mother ; threequarter length.
Anne Sidney, Lady Fitzwilliam.
Lady Margaret Cecil, daughter to the E-irl of Salisbury, second
wife to Earl Ranelagh (said to have been the handsomest woman in
England of her time) ; whoL- length.
Elizabeth, Countess of Ranetagh, daughter to Lord Willoughby,
and mother to Lady Coningsby.
Richard, Earl of Ranelagh, father to the second wife of Earl
Coningsby.
Lady Margaret Cecil ; half length.
Lady Coningsby and Lady Catherine Jones, twin daughters of
Richard, Earl of Ranelagh, by his first wife ; whole length ; with a
black boy kneeling and presenting a basket of flowers.
Lady Margaret Coningsby, eldest daughter of Earl Coningsby,
1750; half length. Ramsay.
Lady Frances Coningsby, youngest daughter of Earl Coningsby.
Lady Coningsby, first wife of Earl Coningsby.
Duke of Marlborough, astat. 60 ; threequarter length. Kneller.
General Gwinkle, Earl of Athlone, commanding in Ireland when
Earl Coningsby was there ; threequarter length.
Two daughters of Earl Coningsby, by his first wife.
Lady Elizabeth Felton, wife of Sir Thomas Felton, daughter to the
Earl of Suffolk. Kneller.
James II.
Richard Talbot, Lord Tyrconnel.
An Old Man, aet. 87, 1704.
Henry IV. on horseback ; a very large picture.
Old paintings of Wolf and Poultry ; Peacock and Fowls; Fruit
and Flowers ; Bear-hunting, Wolf-hunting : old unknown family
portraits (originals) ; and several copies in crayons, etc.
VOL. XVII. 12
178 Herefordshire.
Hereford.
[1764, pp. II, 12.]
The city of Hereford is seated on the north bank of the river Wye,
very near the centre of the county of Hereford, in a fruitful and
pleasant country, but lying low and in a deep clay, is very dirty in
the winter season. The city is thought to have arisen out of the
ruins of Ariconium, an old Roman station, distant about three miles,
now called Kerchester. It is supposed to have been built, or rather
enlarged, by King Edward the elder, and Camden tells us that he
could find no account of it prior to that time. The Welsh formerly
called it Tresawith, from beech-trees, and the Saxons, Fern-leg, from
fern.
The chief increase of the city is due to Milfrid, a petty king of the
country, who, in the year 680, built a church, and founded a
bishopric here, in honour of Ethelbert, King of the East Angles,
who was murderer! at Sutton, the palace of Offa, King of the
Mercians, by the treachery of Quendied, wife of that monarch.
The kings of the Mercians and the West Saxons were very liberal
to this city, and William of Malmsbury tells us that Athelstan the
West Saxon brought the Lords of Wales to such straits in tliis city,
that they agreed to pay, besides hounils and hawks, 20 pounds of
i;old, and 300 pounds of silver by weight, as a yearly tribute.
In the year 1055, Griffith, Prince of South Wales, and Algar, an
Englishman, rebelling against Edward the Confessor, after they had
put to flight Earl Ralph, sacked the city, destroyed the cathedral,
and carried Leofgar, the bishop, into captivity.
Florentius, the monk of Worcester, says, that Harold fenced the
city with a large and high rampier.
In the book of I )ome.sday we read that there were but 103 men
within the walls and without.
The Normans built a large and strong castle on the south-east of
the city, which is now entirely demolished, and enclosed the city
with walls.
Hereford espoused the cause of Charles I., and was besieged by
the Sects, who were afterwards forced to raise the siege, but the city
was taken at lenytli by surprise.
In the decline ot the West Saxon government, Ralph, the son of
Walter Medanlinus, by Goda, sister to King Edward the Confessor,
governed this city as an official eail, but he being infamous for his
cowardice, William the Conqueror gave the earldom to William Fitz-
Oshorn, a warlike Norman. He being slain in battle, his son,
Roger, surnamed De Breteville, succeeded him, and having conspired
against the Conqueror, died in prison without lawful issue. King
Stephen granted the earldom to Robert Bossu, Earl of- Leicester.
Maud, the Empress, gave it to Milo, the son of Walter, constable of
Hereford. 179
Gloucester. He had live sons, Roger, Walter, Henry, Wiliiarn, and
Mabell. all which possessed their father's inheritance (except
William), and all five died violent deaths, and without issue. Their
sister Margaret married Humphry Bohun, by whom she had another
Humphry, whose son, Henry, was created Earl of Hereford by King
John. He married the sister and heir of William Mandeville, Earl
of Essex. The succeeding earls were Humphry, his son, Earl of
Essex also, whose son, Humphry, dying before him, Humphry his
grandson succeeded, and his son, Humphrey, being slain at Borough-
bridge, his sons John and Humphry were earls successively, and
dying without issue, his other son William, Earl of Northampton,
succeeded, whose son, Humphry, was the last earl of the name. He
left two daughters, Eleanor married to Thomas of Woodstock, Duke
of Gloucester; and Mary married to Henry Plantagenet, who was
created Duke of Hereford, and afterwards was King of England by
the name of Henry IV. Edwird Stafford, last D'ike of Buckingham,
was styled Earl ot' Herefor.l, being descended from a daughter of
Thomas of Woodstock.
King Edward VI., in 1549, granted the title of Viscount Hereford
to Walter Devereux, descended from the Bohuns, whose posterity
still enjoy it. Bishop Athelstan built a cathedral here in 1055.
Robert Loring, another bishop, began it anew, after the form of Aix
in Germany, in 1075. Bishop Reinelm, to whom Camden attributes
the foundation, was a great benefactor to it, and founded the college
of Priest Vicars. Giles Brinse, another bishop, built one of the
steeples in the reign of King John.
The cathedral consists of a nave, which is now used as a parish
church by the inhabitants of St. John B iptist's parish, two siile aisles,
the choir two side aisles, four cross aisles, the library, and St. Mary's
chapel. The choir is small, but very neat, and the carving of the throne
and stalls very elegant. The chance! is paved with marble, and the altar-
piece is very handsome. There are many monuments in the church,
but chiefly of the bis'iops. amongst which the best are those of Bishop
Bisse and his lady, the Countess of Plymouth, in the choir, and of Dr.
Tyler, Bishop of Landaff, and Dean of Hereford in the south cross.
The west front of the church and the tower steeple are much admired.
Tne steeple in the middle of the church consists of a tower and a leaden
spire, and has a ring of ten bells in it. The college is joined to the
church by a cloister, and is built round a court. The hall where the
clergy dine is handsome, and has a small organ. The free school is
at (he west end of the church, and the palace stands on the south
side, which is a very handsome building, being most of it rebuilt by
Bishop Bisse, and hath a very elegant hall, and many good rooms in
it ; Bishop Egerton built the stables, and the present bishop repaired
and ornamented the palace. There is a very grand room lately built
near the church for the meeting of the sons of the clergy. The
i So Herefordshire.
deanery stands on the east side of the church, and is a good build-
ing. The churchyard is large and handsome, being the only one in
the city. The chancellor's house, and one or two more belonging to
the dignitaries, are neat, modern buildings. The castle green is now
converted into a good walk, and is very pleasant. The other
churches in the city are All Saints, St. Peter's, and St. Nicholas's.
There were formerly these religious houses in Hereford : A house of
Secular Canons, dedicated to St. Guthlake ; a house of Franciscan
Friars, founded by Henry de Pembridge, and valued at ^121 35. 3d;
an house of Augustine Canons, by John de IVmbridge.
The two churches of St. Martin and St. Owen, which stood
without the walls, were demolished by the Scot-;.
The city had five gates, namely, viz., St. Owen's, Bister's Gate,
Wigmersh, Eign and Fryn Gates. The chief streets are High Street,
Broad Street, Wye-bridge Street, Eign Street, Wigmersh Street,
Bister's Street, St. Owen's Street, and Castle Street. The city is very
thinly inhabited, and the buildings in general old and mean, the
chief trade being only for gloves, and sending corn and cider to
Bristol by water. The market-days ar^ We-lnesday, Friday, and
Saturday. The fairs are held on May 19, July i, and October 20.
The movrable fairs were kept this year on February 8, and April 6.
The chief seats near the city are Hampton Court, the house of the
late Eirl Coning-by ; Holm Lacey, of the late Lord Scudamore;
Mockas Court, of V. Cornwall, Esq. ; Roiheras, of - — Boden,
Esq. ; Clayhonger, of - - Aubrey, Esq. ; Stoke Edith of Thomas
Foley, Esq ; and the Meend, of John Symmons, Esq ; member for
the city. Yours, etc., INGENNUUS.
[1772, />. 462.]
Against the east wall of the south transept of Hereford Cathedral
is an elegant white marble urn, against a yellow marble pyramid, and
two palm-branches crossed below, and this inscription :
" To the memory of VKLTKRS CORNWALL, of Moccas, Esq. ; who represented
this bounty ouring 46 years in seven successive parliaments. Encomiums upon the
dead .ire often the dictates of flatlery to the living : but the faithlul friend, who
inscribes this marble (tho' he cannot but blame the excess of patriot jealousy,
which loo cautiously wi hhelil the deceased from engaging in employments in
state), yet clues jusiice to those generous and un^kaken principles, which alone
directed his conduct in opposing whatever seemed to interfere with the true
interest of his country. By his last wife Catherine, youngest daughter of
William Hanbury, Esq., of Little Marcle ; he had two children, Frederic Henry,
who died an infant, and Catherine, who, with her surviving mother, has caused
this monument to be erected. He died at Moccas, upon the 3d of April, 1768, in
the 73d year of his nge, just when his constituents were preparing to elect him to
an eigiith parliament."
Arms : Arg. in a bordure engrailed, s. bezante, a lion rampant,
g. crowned o., with a crescent of difference, g.
Hereford. \ 8 1
, Part 1 1., pp. 578,579-]
The sketches of the ruins of Hereford Cathedral, slight as they
are, proclaim the more than barbarous indolence of the chapter, who
have left that fine ancient building in such a state, and threatening
more ruin to follow, not only since November 29 last, the date of
your correspondent's letter, but to the present moment. The expense
of rebuilding what is already fallen, or must be taken down to prevent
its falling, is estimated at ,£15,200. The monument, whose pedi-
ment is seen in the second sketch, is that of Bishop Booth, who die'l
1535. There are few in the nave except some brasses (by this time
probably stolen), and that of Sir Rich. Pembridge, engraved in the
"Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain," Plate LIV. The only
representation of these ruins besides Mr. \V.'s was a painting which
a painter of the city carried about the country, and showed for six-
pence apiece, a month or two after the accident.
Yours, etc., K. D.
[1795, P^t II., p. 785.]
Our Herefordshire correspondent informs us that " Mr. Wyat
endeavoured very much to lengthen the choir at Hereford Cathedral,
as he has done at Lichfield." Had he succeeded, it would have been
all seeing and no hearing. The scaffolding at the fcrmer church is
taken down from the tower, which looks rather handsomer. At each
corner are two small pinnacles, and some time or other it will have
one lofty one. When this is added it will have a much better effect;
as it is, the present oners are quite insignificant. The lowering the
roof gives an elevation to the great tower proportionate to its bulk.
It is altogether a rich building. The north transept roof has been
lowered within this month, and the new covering of lead is now
laying on; and when this is done the present chapter will do no
more to the outside for some time. But what is going to be done
very shortly within must violate every rule of proprietv , and ol respect
for the skill and taste of our forefathers. There is a parish church
of St. John Baptist annexed to the cathedral. When the tower fell,
the parochial service was removed into the choir, where it has been
performed ever since. Some of the chapter oliject to this, and the
parishiont-rs in reply say that, "as they ruve used the materials of
the late church, they must provide them another." At last, att<r a
ridiculous squabble, instead of making some neat seats in the ne>v
nave where it was before, it is now concluded that the fine north
transept, which has more curious and valuable monuments than any
other, is to be all taken up with the new church, so that it is to be
feared they will be all lost to the sight of the curious — among many
others, those of Bishop Westpruling, Dean Aquai.lanc, John Philips,
the poet, and shrine of St. Thomas, Cantalupe; and this last act i.f
folly and want of taste in the cuapter deserves to be recorded.
1 82 Herefordshire.
[1824, FartII.,p.<).-\
1 send you a representation of the magnificent porch on the north
side of Hereford Cathedral (see the frontispiece to the present
volume). It was built by Bishop Booth early in the sixteenth
century. It rises above the aisle, and has the front and side arches
open for admission into the cathedral. Each outer angle has an
hexagonal turret, in which are staircases to the room over the porch.
The window and spandrils formed by the pediment are highly deco-
rated, as also of the door beneath ; those at the sides are less
enriched. M.
[l%2t,,rartn.,pp, 26, 27.]
As I passed through the city of Hereford, after a long absence
from it, I was much pleased with the great improvements made there
within these few jears, particularly the new courts of justice, with
their chaste Doric portico, designed by Smirke ; the handsome ami
commodious covered market-place (the market having been formerly
held in the open streets) ; the removal of a row of old shops in the
centre of the city occupied by butchers (not quite completed) ; and
the general improved appearance of the streets and houses ; the
county gaol, its management, classification of prisoners, and working
system, revived with effect after some years of discontinuance — speak
forcibly of the excellent arrangements of the magistracy, and are very
creditable to their superintendence. The great alterations in the
cathedral, the removal of the unsightly dingy coat of paint from the
stalls in the choir, and restoring the fine old oak to its natural colour
by cleaning and varnishing, with the beautifully painted glass-window
(by Backler) over the communion-table (recently put up), equally
delighted me. Mr. Britton, I can venture to predict, will find this
not the least interesting portion of his useful labours on our cathedral
antiquities. Several new monuments have been erected, one to the
memory of an old friend well known to many of your Oxford
readers :
" M. S. HENRICI FORD, LCD. Aula; S. Mariaa Magdalense Principalis, necnon
linguos Arabicse apud Oxonienses Pradectoris ; et hujus Ecclesise Cathedralis
Canonic! Residentiarii : cui literis baud mediocriter imbuto praecipuse laudi con-
tigit, quo Eoas linguas feliciter excoluerit. Vir moril.us simplex prajstans ingenii ;
multis ille quidem flebilis ; nulli quam conjugi et natis flebilior. Occidit Oxoniae
Julii xxvi. anno Domini MDCCCXIH. setatis LXI."
S. X.
[1836, Part 1 1., p. 532.]
In digging a grave in Hereford Cathedral lately, the workmen
came to a place of sepulture formed in the earth, in which was a
skeleton clothed in a vestment of brown stuff, handsomely em-
broidered with gold, and shoes on the feet. On the right side was
placed a small chalice of white metal, with a paten on it, and upon
Hereford. 183
the paten two pieces of waxed taper crossed ; in the chalice there
had evidently been a liquid. The grave was immediately closed and
another made near it.
[1846, Pa>tl.,p. 523.]
In taking down an old monastic building at Hereford, a discovery
has been recently made which is supposed to be the ghastly record
of some dreadful punishment, such as that described by Sir Walter
Scott in the notes to his " Marmion " (where he mentions a similar
discovery in the ruins of the nunnery of Coldingham), and in
Headley's " Letters from Italy," with reference to the church of San
Lorenzo, in the town of San Giovanni. A correspondent of the
Hereford Times gives the following interesting account of the dis-
covery : "In taking down the south-east corner the workmen came
to a paving-stone, which, on being removed, disclosed to view an
aperture about 18 by 12 inches in dimensions; on further examina-
tion, by removing the walls, it appeared that it was a sort of niche,
5 feet 6 inches high, capable of containing a humar form, broad at
the head and tapering down to the feet, where it was 10 inches
broad. It had been plastered in the interior on the front, back, and
east side ; on the opposite it was closed up with rough wall stone ;
at the bottom was another paving-stone, and upon it a heap of
collapsed bones, a glass bottle, and an earthen pan, portions of the
leather and high heel of shoes, and a piece of wood, which, it has
been asserted, bears the marks of having been gnawed, as if in the
last frenzied effort to sustain a famishing and desperate nature. Was
it in refinement of cruelty that these vessels were deposited at the
feet, where the wretched sufferer, from the straitness of the narrow
cell, could not reach the viands they contained ? What crime could
deserve such awful retribution ? or, rather, what human being might
dare to visit on his fellow-sinner such agonizing torment, such
accumulation of the pangs of many deaths ? What else could have
been the tragedy which these walls have witnessed ? what other the
agonies which they assisted in administering ? The very heart
sickens at the contemplation ; and the religion of peace and mercy
repudiates the deed as that of demons, rather than the ministers of
reconciliation, or of salvation to the sinner's soul ! But to proceed.
The poor wretch does not seem to have been alone in this app tiling
exigency : another similar niche at the south-\vest corner of the wall
was subsequently revealed, built up in the same manner, but standing
sideways to the other. At the bottom of this, too, were the mournful
indications of the purpose to which it had been applied — a heap of
bones. If a mystery hangs over the history of this spot as to its
material fabric, much more must this dark deed elude the scrutiny of
man. That such things have been, and under the most sa> red
pretext, is, alas ! incontrovertible."
1 84 Herefordshire.
Kilpeck.
[1789, Fart II., p. 781.]
Kilpec Church, situated eight miles south-west of Hereford, near
the post-road to Abergavenny, has so often proved an object of
curiosity to me, from its situation and antiquity, that within these
few days I have been induced to make different drawings of it, and
I have now enclosed jou a general view. The churchyard, con-
siderably lower than the site of the castle (which is very near it),
has a good many trees near it, and is rather a " sequestered spot,"
where possibly " some mute inglorious Milton may rest."
In Dugdale's " Baronage," vol. i., p. 597, it is said of Kilpec :
" The first of this family of whom I have found mention is Hugh
the son of William, a Norman ; which Hugh in 1124 (25 Henry I.)
gave to the monks of St. Peter at Gloucester the church of St.David,
at Kilpec, co. Herefordshire, with the chapel of our lady within the
castle, likewise all the churches and chapels of his patronage, wiih
the glebe belonging to them, and all manner of tithes whatever. To
this Hugh succeeded Henry, who assumed the surname of Kilpec,
from that castle of Kilpec, his principal seat ; which Henry, in
22 Henry II., paid 100 marks for trespassing in the King's forest.
To him succeeded John de Kilpec, who, 5 Richard I., gave ^100 as
his relief for the barony of Purbeck,* and, upon collection of his
scutage for the King's redemption, paid ^30 (viz., two marks per
scutum). 2 John, he obtained a charter from that King, that neither
himself nor any of his heirs should be abiidged of their bailiwick of
the forest of Hereford ; but 6 John he died, whereon the custody of
his lands and heir was committed to William de Cantilupe, Julian his
wife then surviving, who, 7 John, gave to the King a fine of sixty
marks and one palfrey, for an assignment of her dowry, out of her
husband's lands at Rokesby and Feme, which he had in his life-
time appointed. To this John succeeded another Hugh, who died
9 John, leaving Egidid his wife surviving, who married afterwards
William Fitzwarane, as also two daughters and heirs, viz., Isabel,
married to William Waterland, and Jane, to Philip Marmian."
From that time I can learn no other account till it came into the
family of the Pyes of the Meend, where is a handsome mansion a
few miles from it. Sir Richard Symonds, Bart., is the present pro-
prietor of it, with considerable estates in this neighbourhood. From
the small remains of the castle sufficient is left to show its former
strength and grandeur.
Although the church contains no monuments, the building itself
has much to recommend it to the admirers of Saxon architecture.
The window seen at the west end (see Plate I.), and the arch of the
door seen through the porch, are very rich, the latter much orna-
* Query Kilpeck?
Kilpeck. 185
merited. The east end, or chancel, is circular, and has a beautiful
effect, as seen from the inside, looking through a fine Saxon arch
that divides it from the nave. On the pillars of the large arch are
four curious figures : St. Peter, with the keys in his hand ; the others
I could not make out, being partly concealed by the pews. From
several tombstones it appears, that, for more than a century, several
of the Gomonds lie buried here, who had an estate in this parish.
I have the satisfaction to add that this church, and many others in
this archdeaconry, have been visited by Dr. Jones, our archdeacon,
and are in a state of reparation and improvement.
In the adjoining parishes of VVormbridge, Kenderchurch, and
Kentchurch, are three old mansions, belonging to Lady Clive, Mr.
Shiffner, and Mr. Scudamore, M.P. for Hereford ; the two former
are situated near the road to Abergavenny ; the latter, two miles
east of Kenderchurch, near the Mannaw, over which is a handsome
old bridge, leading to the village of Grismond, of which you may
expect to receive some further account, from J. WATHEN.
[1833, Part I., pp. 394, 395.]
Kilpeck Church consists of a nave and chancel.
The nave (A) is 31 feet 3 inches long by 20 feet 6 inches wide,
and is lighted by five windows, all of them single lights. It com-
municates with the chancel under a semicircular arch, having the
zigzag and enriched lozenge mouldings ; the shafts (one on each
side) from which the arch springs are faced with the effigies of six
saints, with their appropriate emblems, in high relief; the capital of
one of the shafts is plain, that of the other is foliated.
The chancel is divided into two portions : the first, or western (B),
is a parallelogram of 17 feet by 14 feet 3 inches. It is lighted by
two trefoil-headed single-light windows, and is entered from the out-
side by a door having a poinied arch. A plain semicircular arch
forms the medium of communication between the first and second
portion (C), which is in the form of a half circle of 14 feet diameter.
It obtains light by three loopholes. The ribs of the roof, springing
from shafted mural piers, are cut into the chevron and lozenge orna-
ments, and terminate in the centre above in four grim-looking heads.
There is a large square recess, or locker (b b), lined with oak, in the
western wall, on each side of the arch ; and in the north-west corner
stands a "movable double-stone basin (a), formed like a dice-box or
hour-glass,"* supposed to be the lavacrum.
The font (c), similar to those of Madeleyt and Bredwardine in the
* Fosbroke, " Ency. of Antiq.," p. 96.
t On referring to my notes of Madeley Church, I find the following : "On
the summit of the chancel wall, which may be seen from the south aisle, is some
square-set masonry, which tiadition describes as being the tomb of the founder.
It is said to be of green marble — a fact not easily ascertained, inasmuch as the
object in question is thukly overspread with whitewash, and its elevation render--
1 86 Herefordshire.
same county, is a huge circular basin of granite, 4 feet in diameter,
set on a cylindrical column 10 feet in circumference ; the height of
the whole is 3 feet. A small inner basin, serving as a plug to the
drain of the larger basin, is sculptured 10 resemble basket-work.
The principal entrance to the church is on the s >uth side of the
nave, through a wooden porch and a semicircular-headed doorway
having coupled shafts at the sides, which, with their capitals, imposts,
and transome-stone, are richly and elaborately sculptured into a
variety of figures ; among these may be discerned through the white-
wash a man bearing a sword, another with palm-leaves in his hand,
serpents, heads, foliage, etc. ; the whole is farther adorned with the
zigzag, starry, triple-indented head, and cable moul, lings.
The exterior of the building is surrounded with a block-cornice
composed of the heads of men and animals of all shapes, the holy
lamb, a man performing on a musical instrument like a violin, two
persons saluting each other, etc. The buttresses, or pilasters, are
cupped with dragons' heads. The western wall is surmounted by two
arched apertures, or niches, which contain the bells.
Mr. King (" Mun. Antiq.," iv.) supposes Kilpeck Church to be
a Saxon editace; Mr. Fosbroke f'Ency. of Antiq.," p. 96) is of the
same opinion. Its form is that of the most ancient Christian
temples; but it is remarkable principally for the profusion of sculp-
ture with which its walls are adorned both within and without.
Westward of the church stand the remains of the Castle, which
belonged to the Lords of Kilpec ; and about a quarter of a mile
southward, in the vale, may be traced the site of the priory men-
tioneJ by Leland (" Itin.," viii., 86).
WILLIAM SAWYER.
Kingsland.
[[826, Part II., pp. 393-397-]
The parish of Kingsland is situated about four miles west from
Leominster, forming a large plain, richly cultivated, in a very fertile
valley. It contains nearly 5,000 acres, and, according to the last
census, about 1,008 inhabitants. Were it not so richly wooded, it
would be admirably calculated for cavalry movements, and on that
account its most open part, called Great V/est Field, was the site ot
the famous battle of Mortimer's Cross.
The neighbouring gentry, anxious to perpetuate the fact, about
seven-and-twenty years ago erected a square pedestal at the junction
of two roads, on which is the following inscription :
it almost inaccessible. Viewed from the floor, it certainly has the appearance of
an ordinary altar-tonih, covered with a lid, which is studied with the ball-flower
ornament of precisely tlie same cliaracitM as that of the stone stall-, in the chancel."
Kings land. 187
" This Pedestal is erected to perpetuate the memory of an obstinate, bloody,
and decisive battle fought near this spot in Jhe Civil Wars, between the ambitious
houses of York and Lancaster, on the 2nd of February, 1460, between the forces
of Edward Mortimer, Earl of March, afterwards Edward IV., on the side of York,
and those of Henry VI., on the side of Lancaster. The King's forces were com-
manded by Jasper, Earl of Pembroke. Edward commanded his own in person,
and was victorious. The slaughter was great on both sides, 4,000 being left dead
upon the field, and many Welsh persons of the first distinction were taken
prisoners, among whom was Owen Tudor, great-grandfather to Henry VIII. and a
descendant of the illustrious Cadwallader, who was afterwards beheaded at Here-
ford. This was the decisive battle which fixed Edward IV. upon the throne of
England. He was proclaimed King on the 5th of March following. Erected by
subscription, 1799."
The manor of Kingsland anciently belonged to the Crown, whence,
no doubt, it took its name. Leland says tli.-U when Merwald, King
of Mercia, founded the famous monastery of nuns at Leofminstre, he
endowed it with all the lands thereabouts, except Kingsland ; and
when Henry I. established a priory at the same town, he still reserved
this manor to himself. It afterwards came into the possession of the
powerful family of Mortimer, and in the 34th of Edward I. Margaret,
the widow of Lord Mortimer, obtained a charter for a weekly market
on Saturday, long since disused ; and a fair upon the feast of St.
Michael, to whom the church is dedicated. This fair, which still
continues, is held in an open field on the east of the churchyard, and
though not on quite so large a scale as formerly, is still respectable.
It is known to the Welsh by the name of Fair Leoneu, which would
seem to give it some connection with Leominstre, termed by them
Llanllieneu. The three adjoining parishes, Monkland, Eardisland,
and Kingsland, were in former times written Monkleene, Eardisleene,
and Kingsleene, and in that next to Eardisland is a farm called
Leene.
The elevation of Edward IV. to the throne occasioned the manor
to revert to the Crown, and it formed part of the jointure of Catherine
the Dowaser Queen of Charles II. At a subsequent period it was
granted to the Coningsby family, from whom it passed to the Earl
of Essex. The present nobleman, when Viscount Maiden, sold it in
1793 to the Rev. Richard Evans, together with a part of the demesne
lands of the Crown.
Next to the manor, the principal estate in the parish is Street
Court, so called from having the Roman road, which is again hinted
at in Church Stretton, and which went from Magna (Kenchester)
through Bravinium (Lentwardine) to Uriconium, passing through the
grounds. It formerly belonged to the Cutler family, from whom it
passed to a branch of the Crowthers of Knighton, who sold it to a
Mr. Smith. From him it was purchased about twenty years ago by
the late Lieutenant-Colonel Atherton, and since his death has been
bought by my friend, Richard Price, Esq., M.P. for Radnor.
About 300 yards from the House of Street was formerly a chapel,
1 88 HerefordsJiire.
long since destroyed, but a brass plate with a black-letter inscription
from one of the monuments there has been preserved, and is now in
the possession of Edward Evans, Esq., of Eyton Hall, in the adjoin-
ing parish. As it may be of importance to genealogists, con ve) ing
the knowledge of three or four tacts, I send you the folh wing copy :
" Here lyeth Anne, the wyfe of Edward Hall, y° daughter of S'. Perrifal Harte,
Knt. her mother, daughter and one of ihecoheiresol the Lorde Braye, whidi Anne
decea^ed the 291(1 of September, Anno Dom. 1594."
There seems to have been in former times another chapel in this
parish, for a cottage on part of Mr. Hanbury's property is still called
St. Mary's House. This estate, belonging to William Hanbury, Esq.,
of Sholdon Court, was in the tim« of Charles II. granted by the
Crown to the ancestor of the late Lord Vi=count Batenian, and is
extensive and valuable.
Tradition says there was once a castle at Kingsland, and the
remains of a large tumulus and earthworks in the parsonage garden
give some countenance to the assertion, though it must have been
on a very confined scale. The advowson, formerly in the Mortimer
family and then in the Crown, was alienated by Qut.en Elizabeth.
It ultimately became the property of the Rev. Richard Evans, Pre-
bendary of Haverford and Bangor, father of the present rector, the
Rev. William Evans, and of Major Evans, of Eyton Hall, having
been devised to him by the Rev. Dr. Sneyd Davies, memoirs of
whom, by the late Mr. Justice Harding, in Nichols's " Literary
Illustrations," must be familiar to biographical readers. The par-
sonage house, a respectable building in the old style, with extensive
gardens, is situated in the centre of a large and productive glebe, and
contains good portraits of Bishops Morgan and Humphreys.
Kingsland is valued in the King's Books at ^31 3$. 6J^d. . . .
The present church of Kingsland was built by Edward, Lord
Mortimer, in the reign of Edward I., who made his younger son,
Walter, rector thereof, giving him the full right to all the tithes, arid
dedicating it to St. Michael the Archangel. It consists of a nave
and side-aisles, separated by octagonal columns, . suppoi ting ten
pointed arches, 79 feet by 44 feet 9 inches; a chancel, 38 feet by
19 feet; what is now used as a vestry, n feet by 14 feet; a porch,
8 feet 10 inches by 10 feet 2 inches; the chamber of the holy
sepulchre, 9 feet 4 inches by 4 feet 9 inches, and a tower at the west
end. The architecture is all of one period, the leading feature being
a square inscribed in a quartrefoil, or a triangle in a trefoil.
The greatest curiosity in Kingsland Church is what is termed the
Volkre's chamber, which, though I will not go so far as to say is a
corruption of Sepulchre's chamber, was, I have no doubt, for that
purpose. This is a small building by the side of the porch, from
which is the entrance to it, and receives light from unglazed windows
on its east and north sides. Within, out of the thickness of the
Kingsland. \ 89
church wall has been formed an arch, such as all monumental ones
of the time, and within it a kind of altar ; at the back another open
window, consisting of four lights tor the convenience of those within
the church. The great arch is elegantly ornamented. . . .
The position of this chamber near the porch was for the more
ready convenience of the devout who chose to place candles before
it, that they might not be compelled to enter the church for that
purpose, to call on all passengers by the conspicuous appearance to
contribute to this effect, or constantly remind them to fall on their
knees, tell their beads, and say their paters, aves, and creeds. That
such was its purpose requires but a visit to the churches in the
Netherlands, Bruges, and Ghent, affording examples of the very
same in full practice at the present day.
Yours, etc., S. R. MEYRICK.
[1826, Part II., pp. 583-585.]
It is but right to observe that Price, in his " History of Leo-
minster," published in 1795, has another idea respecting this curious
chamber. He says : " On the left hand of the north door into the
church is a little apartment, vulgarly said to be built by one Vaulker,
who built the church as a tomb for himself, and so goes by that
name ; but more probably was designed as a place for penitents,
where they might look into the church and hear prayers, but were
not to be admitted into communion till after they had shown signs
and proofs of their amendment and repentance." But, setting aside
the Decorated style, which would hardly have been lavished on such
a subject, the arch would have come down to the floor, instead of
resting on an altar-like tomb, which renders the space too small and
inconvenient for such a purpose. Two things we learn from the
tradition, that it was considered as sepulchral, and that it was coeval
with the church— facts clearly evidenced by the architecture. As
the form may be better understood by representation than descrip-
tion, I subjoin the following sketches.
The east window of the chancel contains several specimens of
painted glass coeval with the building, but much mutilated. Three
figures and part of another still exist, as do two emblazoned shields,
which appear to be vaire\ gules and ermine, three bars azure, and a
quarterly bearing so jumbled together, from being misplaced from
its original position, as to be quite unintelligible. In the windows
right and left of the altar are the arms of Mortimer, and in the last
window of the north aisle is the figure of an archbishop. On the
south of the chancel are three stone seats in the manner of steps for
the two officiating priests and the sub-deacon ; one arch covers the
two first, and another the last. A niche just beyond, but of the same
character, encloses the piscina.
The chancel contains the following monuments : On the north
1 90 Herefordshire.
side, one to the late rector, the Rev. Richard Evans ; another to the
relict of Thomas Ravenscroft, Esq., the son of Mutton Davies,
Esq., "of an ancient and loyal family in Flintshire." She died
December 14, 1732, aged sixty-three. On the south side of the
altar is the mural monument to the memory of Mrs. Isabella Davies,
" bed-chamber woman to one of the best of Queens," who died in
1760; and a black tablet to Peter Smith, Esq., of Street. On the
south side of the chancel is a handsome monument to Thos. Cutter,
of Street Court, Esq. ; and a more modern one to the memory of
the Rev. Robt. Crowther, Rector of Spratton, Northamptonshire.
There is also a monument with a classical Latin inscription to
John Davies, Esq., which was removed about thirty years ago from
Bridgnorth. The clerestury windows are all circular, the ornament
being a trefoil intersecting a triangle.
In saying that this church was built hy Edward, Lord Mortimer,
it is true that I have no document on which to found that assertion ;
but as he made his younger son Walter rector of it in the reign of
Edward I., and the architecture and painted glass is of that period,
I think myself fully warranted in assigning the structure to him.
S. R. MEYRICK.
[1840, Part II., pp. 259, 260.]
The recent discovery in the chancel of Kingsland Church, in
Herefordshire, under one of the seats, of the monument of Dr.
John Hughes, supplies what Walker and Anthony a Wood were
unable to say, viz., whereabouts in that county he was benificed.
The inscription runs thus :
" H. S. E. JOANNES HUGHES, S. T. P. e celebri familia inter Monse Vene-
cloturum Insulares Ortus, Qui cum SS. LL. studia potiora sihi potissimum elegisset
SS. Ordines aniplexus, Archidiaconalu Herefordiensi, Paebenda in ecclesia Calhe-
drali, in Landavensi item AHera, Ornatus. Hujus ecclesiae pastorali regimini
Prxpositus, Eidem complures annos fideliter Prsefuit. In motibus Nostratium
immotus, Animi, Vita;, Fideique integer, Obiit 7 Idd. Jun. Anno 1648, Fere
Septuagenarius. Oliverus Hughes, F. N. M. Patri charissimo Parentavit."
Walker, in his " Sufferings of the Clergy," part ii., p. 34, informs
us that John Hughes, Doctor of Divinity, was Archdeacon of
Hereford, and had the prebend which is called the golden prebend ;
adding, " of whom I know nothing more, save that I take him to be
the same John Hughes who, Wood saith (vol. i., p. 139), was admitted
Doctor of Divinity of Corpus Christi College in Oxford in i62r, was
then son-in-law to Dr. Francis Godwin, Bishop of this church, and
was beneficed [qy. if he lost that also*] somewhere in Herefordshire,
where he died about the year 1648." Wood, in his "Fasti," tells
us that he, with three others, was made Doctor of Divinity on
July 2, 1621. The whole four were admitted in the following order:
Paul Godwin, of Magdalen College, compounder ; Robert Robotham,
* That is as well as his prebend, which the Parliamentarians confiscated.
Kingsland. i g i
of Magdalen College, compounder; Thomas Godwin, of Christ
Church ; and John Hughes, of Corpus Christi College. Paul and
Thomas Godw n were the sons of the Bishop of Hereford, and
Robotham and Hughes were his sons-in-law ; the last of which was
beneficed in Herefordshire, where he died about 1648. The dis-
covery of the monument shows us that this benefice was the rectory
of Kingsland.
He was collated to the archdeaconry on July 8, 1623, which, after
his deprivation, was not again filled up till the Restoration in 1660,
when, on September 24, George Benson, S.T.P., was installed.
Yours, etc., SAM. R. MEYRICK.
Kington.
[1846, Part II., p. 525.]
An ancient monument in the church of Kington, erected to the
memory of Sir Thomas Vaughan, of Hergest, who died in 1469, and
his lady Elena, having become ruinous through a long course of time
and an eyesore in the church, has been lately extensively restored by
Mr. Jennings, of Hereford, in the execution of which he has shown
great skill and ability as a sculptor. Above the monument, and
affixed to the wall, instead of the inscription heretofore painted
thereon, is a large stone tablet, containing particulars and armorial
bearings of eleven generations of Mr. Vaughan's descendants, ter-
minating in Roach Vaughan, mother of the Right Hon. the E irl of
Oxford. The monument and tablet are protected by a strong iron
railing, which was not the case in the former instance. The whole
has been executed by the direction and at the expense of the Hon.
Miss Harley.
Knill.
[1820, Part //., p. 297.]
The accompanying drawing . . . (see Plate I.) is a view of Knill
Court (with a prospect of the vale of Radnor), the seat of the family
of Walshain, now of Colonel Walsham Garbett, the late Lady
Rnmilly's brother. Lady Rotnilly and her sisters were born here,
and resided here some years with their father, Francis Garbelt, Esq.
Lady Romilly was the eldest daughter, whose lamented death, and
the consequent breaking down of the great mind of her affectionate
husband, are fresh in the recollection of your readers. She and Sir
Samuel were both buried in Knill Church, which is seen in the view.
The original drawing from which this is copied was taken in company
with Lady Romilly in 1794.
The parish of Knill, in the hundred of Wigmore, and county of
Hereford, is situated on the very borders of Herefordshire, adjoining
Radnorshire ; it is two miles and a quarter from Kington, four miles
from Prebteigne, and about twenty from the county town. It is a
1 9 2 Herefordshire.
discharged rectory, value 1 in the King's Books at ^4 los. The
patron is Colonel Garbett. The church is dedicated to St. Michael.
The resident population in 1801 was 72. J. W.
Ledbury.
[1793, Part II., p. 911.]
In Ledbury Church, in Herefordshire, are the following monu-
ments. On the pavement of the chancel is a gravestone, on the top
of which is a figure in brass of St. Peter, with the keys in his hand ;
and at the bottom a man in robes kneeling, with an inscription :
"3*8 P»t' nost' (or -Sere ESillu' (Ealiuc
•Ehat Jobeb tod flSub aitb all haltoe."
In the body of the church, on a brass plate, is :
" Here lieth Sarah, the wife of George Skippe, esq. She was borne the I2th of
July, 1642, ami was buried ihe 3Oth of June, 1665, being th^ (laughter and co-heir
of Isaac Rigby, of London, gene. Abiit n.m obiit, preiit non periit."
In the south aisle, against the last wall :
"To the memory of MARY, the wife of Ambrose Elion, of the Hazle, gent, and
daughter of Sir Giles Bray, of Harrington, in the couniy of Gloucester, knight,
descended from the Lord Rc-ginald Bray, who came in with Henry the Seventh.
Shee departed this life the 27th day of Sept. anno D'ni 1671, aged 53. She had
issue 6 children ; 3 sons and 3 daughters."
The arms are : Paly of six or and gules, over all, a bend sable,
charged with three mullets or, impaling arg., a chevron sable,
between three crows legs erased of the last.
Crest — An escallop-shell or. ...
MATTHEW KNAPP.
Leominster.
[1853, Part I.,p(>. 299, 300.]
Some excavations now in progress have disclosed the foundations
of a remarkable Norman church, which belonged to the priory of
Leominster in Herefordshire. It was attached to the east end of the
present parish church, or rather the parish church was erected to the
westward of that of the priory. After the dissolution of monasteries
the priory church was allowed to fall into ruins, and its ddbris has
existed to the present time to the height of some seven or eight feet
above the neighbouring level. At the erection of the Union Work-
house some relics connected with the structure were disclosed ; but
curiosity on the subject had lain dormant until the recent meeting at
Ludlow of the Cambrian Arch<eolOi>ical Association, when Mr. A.
Freeman, of Dursley, delivered an architectural discourse upon the
spot, which has been published in the last number of the •" Archaeo-
logia Cambrensis " (New Series, vol. iv., p. 9). On that occasion Mr.
Freeman alluded to the great probability of the former existence of a
Leominster. 193
central tower with transepts, etc., at the east end of the present
Norman edifice, and assigned as a reason for believing that such
buildings existed, certain appearances at the east end of the present
structure, consisting of some projections which probably formed a
pier of the west and north arches of the lantern, and also the stump
of another supposed pier at the northern end of the transept. In the
middle of December last the embankment of the Shrewsbury and
Hereford railway began to make its appearance in the meadows a few
hundred yards below the workhouse premises, and the question of
the propriety of lowering and levelling the high ground of the work-
house garden having been discussed, it was thought probable that
the railway contractors might at their own expense remove any
surplus soil to their enbankment below, and by a tacit consent a
square hole was sunk in the garden in order to ascertain the nature of
the sub-soil. After sinking to the depth of about 5 feet, the workmen
came to some rough stone work, and this accident, acting upon the
curiosity which had been engendered by Mr. Freeman's speculations,
has led to the subsequent discoveries. The foundations of the
Norman choir, presbytery and transepts have been gradually de-
veloped, and finally a chapel at the extreme east end.
We are favoured by Mr. Freeman with the following outline of
these researches, with his remarks upon the appearances they
present :
The existing church consists of the nave of a Norman building,
whose south aisle has given way to a large structure of Early English
and Decorated date, which extends to the southward of the south
transept, and which from its size, distinctness and general treatment,
may be best considered as a second church. In addition to the
d priori probability that the Norman portion was merely the western
limb of a cross church, positive evidence to that effect was found in
the existence of what was evidently the south-western pier of the
central tower, though now serving as a buttress, and in that of a small
portion of the south wall of the transept, with an adjoining pilaster,
marking its extent to the south. Some expressions of Leland's
seemed also to refer to the building of which these were fragments,
and further led to the belief that the original short Norman presby-
tery would be found not to have been subjected to later extensions.
These conjectures have all been confirmed by the recent excava-
tions. The whole of the south transept and of the presbytery has
been traced out, and the surrounding aisle and chapel of the latter
are in process of discovery. Owing to the nature of the ground the
north transept has not yet been touched, and it may perhaps be
found impracticable to extend the excavations to that portion of the
building.
The shape of the church must have been somewhat irregular, the
four limbs not being of the same width ; both presbytery and transept
VOL. xvn. 13
1 94 Herefordshire.
being narrower than the nave. This drives us to the conclusion that
the central tower was actually narrower from east to west than from
north to south, as at Bath Abbey and Leonard Stanley, in Gloucester-
shire, and had not merely the transept arches narrower, as at Malmes-
bury arjd elsewhere. The space under the tower, forming the choir,
must therefore have been unusually small ; while the presbytery, or
eastern limb, is itself so short that the stalls can hardly have run east
of the tower. This may be perhaps explained by remembering that
Leominster was not an independent priory, but merely a cell to
Reading, and, consequently, the number of monks present at any
one time would probably always be small. The length of the nave
is about 125 feet, of the choir under the tower about 30, of the
presbytery about 42. This includes the apse, which has a radius of
about 8 feet. As the high altar probably stood on its chord, it will
be seen that the eastern limb, as well as the space under the tower,
were of very confined dimensions.
The western and southern arches of the central tower had oddly-
formed rectangular piers of several orders, but as the inner wall of
the presbytery only ranges with the inner member of the south-
western pier, we must suppose that the eastern arch of the lantern
sprang from corbels. There must therefore have been a considerable
amount of singularity, not to say awkwardness, in the treatment of the
tower both within and without.
The presbytery was surrounded by an aisle. Very great difficulty
was found in the excavation of this portion, and very many conjec-
tures were offered during its progress ; the final result has been the
discovery of a most important example of a Norman apse, with
radiating chapels. The foundations have been discovered of an
aisle running round the presbytery, with an apse diverging to the
north-east and south-east, and, finally, a small projecting chapel has
been discovered at the extreme east end, which has not yet been
excavated all round, but which may be reasonably concluded to have
also had an apsidal termination. The outer walls of the aisle have a
double range of flat pilasters — a marked characteristic of the church
throughout — the inner ones probably acting as vaulting shafts, the
external, of course, as buttresses.
The south transept has been entirely exhumed. It had no eastern
aisle, but one of the eastern apses so usually found in that position.
A Decorated sepulchral arch at its extreme south was found to be of
remarkable height, and exhibited clear signs of mediaeval whitewash.
A Norman string above it, evidently in situ, which existed at the
visit of the Cambrian Archaeological Association, had been destroyed
before the excavations commenced— so easily may important evidence
on such points be lost. Whether the transepts had western aisles is
still uncertain ; the fact that the eastern bay of the north aisle was
destroyed with them looks as if they had ; there are also some signs
Leominster. 195
of jambs at the east end of the great southern addition ; but it is not
yet clear whether they are those of an original arcade, or of mere
doorways between that addition and the south transept.
The whole of the foundations discovered seem, as far as can be
ascertained, to be of the untouched Norman work ; so that any later
alterations must have been entirely confined to insertions in the
superstructure. It is easy to imagine the general effect of the build-
ing, which, with the varied grouping of the two towers and of the
numerous apses, must have been one of the most picturesque of its
kind
Longtown.
[1788, Part II., p. 601.]
I have enclosed you a drawing of the remains of Longtown Castle,
situated in the south-west angle of the county of Hereford. The
town, like its castle, is so much reduced, that at present it consists of
a long scattered village, has a few good houses, a small chapel where
service is performed, and a free school. From several points of view
this village has a most pleasing and picturesque appearance ; the
Hatterell mountains, two miles from hence, are a grand object, and
seen to great advantage. Longtown may reasonably be supposed to
have been the Blestium of Antoninus, which Camden and other
antiquaries have fixed at Oldcastle, two miles farther to the south ;
but at Oldcastle there are no remains of banks and ditches, whereas
at Longtown the former are considerable, and at a small distance
have the same appearance as the site of Ariconium, three miles from
Hereford. The imposing name of Oldcastle might perhaps be taken
from the remains in the neighbourhood, for it is not a ruin, but a
parish. The village of Crasswell is a few miles north-west of Long-
town, in a situation much sequestered. I intend soon to visit it ; if
I find any vestige of its nunnery remaining worth notice, I will com-
municate it to you. JAMES WATHEN.
Longworth.
[1792, Part I., p. 298.]
Of the two small drawings herewith sent you (see Plate II.), the
first, Longworth Chapel, is four miles from Hereford, near the seat of
Mr. Walwynn, the member for the city. It is well preserved, but for
many years has had no service performed in it. From many parts of
the pleasure-grounds of Longworth it is a very picturesque object.
The White Cross, one mile west of Hereford, is well known to all
travellers from Hereford to South Wales. It appears, from the arms
upon it, to have been founded by Lewis Charlton, Bishop of Here-
ford, near 1345, in commemoration of a market being held here at
the time the plague was in Hereford. On the monument of this
Bishop Charlton, in the north side of the south aisle of Hereford
13—2
1 96 Herefordshire.
Cathedral, is a cross and arms the same as on the building. This
monument and some others were, a few years since, drawn and
engraved. Yours, etc., J. WATHEN.
Marden.
[1791, Part I., p. 9.]
Enclosed you will receive a drawing of Marden Church, five miles
north of Hereford ; it is situated near the river Lug, and is one mile
from Sutton-walls, or camp, a spot your antiquarian readers, I con-
clude, are well acquainted with. The following account of Marden
is given by Leland (vol. v., p. 66) : " Marden village is about a myle
from Sutton, and harde by ys a hill wher, as men say, St. Ethebirt
was behedded. At the village is now a faire chirche dedicate to him ;
I think verely that he was slain at Sutton in King Offa's house. The
name of Marden seemeth to express Martyrs-hill." The parish
church of Marden was built on the spot where Ethelbert was first
buried. In the church are several old monuments, some to the
memory of the Burghills, who were formerly Lords of Burghill and
Tillington, in this neighbourhood. This part of Herefordshire has
long been celebrated for the richness of the soil and its fine planta-
tions of fruit-trees, particularly the villages of Bodenham, Marden,
and the Suttons, St. Michael, and St. Nicholas, the cider made here
being generally esteemed for its superior quality. The fine meadows,
known by the name of the Lug meadows, extend some miles by the
river of the same name near these villages ; our Herefordshire bard
(Philips), in his poem of "Cider," justly remarks,
" The meadows here with battening oze enrich'd
Give spirit to the grass."
If the celebrated Sutton walls have engaged the attention of the
antiquarian, it also merits the notice of the traveller, as a more
beautiful scene can scarcely be conceived than the charming vale
beneath, consisting of rich meadows and orchards watered by the
Lug, with the adjoining woods cf Tellington and Dinmore, bounded
by the Radnorshire hills to the north-west. The country to the
south-east is equally pleasing, Stoke Park and Church with the
Malvern hills being principal objects. A few miles from Marden,
north, in a beautiful vale finely wooded, is the venerable and magnifi-
cent old mansion of Hampton Court, built in the reign of Henry IV. ;
it has lately received considerable improvements from the present
noble owner, Lord Viscount Maiden (a descendant of the Coningsbys),
who has shown much taste and skill in opening the wood and laying
out the grounds and plantations. J. WATHEN.
On a monument in Marden Church, to the memory of Philibert
Burghill, of the family of the Lords of Burghill and Tillington :
"Obiit Dec. 30, 1653. .tt. 87."
(Inscription omitted.)
Nonupton. \ g 7
Nonupton.
[1841, Parti., pp. 591, 592.]
The village of Nonupton, or more properly Nun's Upton, is
situated at the distance of a few miles from Tenbury in Worcester-
shire, among some high grounds over which are still scattered the
relics of ancient forests. It is not far from the point where meet the
three counties of Worcester, Salop, and Hereford, and stands within
the latter. The name would lead us to suppose that it may have
formerly belonged to the nuns of Leominster. The venerable tree,
of which the above engraving is a representation, stands on the high
part of the hill not far from the village, and its aged appearance is
sufficient to convince us that it formed a part of the forest which
stood here in the days of William the Conqueror. The trunk is
hollowed by decay, and its branches have been much mutilated by
the effects of time. The circumference of the trunk near the ground
is 50 feet; at the height of a yard and a half from the ground it
measures 33 feet in circumference. In a few years probably it will
have ceased to exist, and it merits the present memorial as one of the
finest old trees which England possesses. W.
Peterchurch.
[1829, Part II., pf. 496, 497.]
Peterchurch is the name of a parish pleasantly situated in the
Golden Vale, or Vale of the Dore, in the south-western part of the
county of Hereford. The church possesses considerable interest
from the singularity of its plan.
The present edifice consists of four apartments, the westernmost
being the original nave, and the others the chancel. The present nave
is formed of two of these apartments, which communicate under a
semicircuhr arch, the imposts adorned with the starry moulding.
It is entered from the outside by two doorways placed north and
south, the former of them in the early Pointed style, and protected by
a porch, the latter a semicircular arch springing from attached shafts,
and enriched with convex and concave zigzag, billet, and lozenge
mouldings, the head of the arch filled with a transom stone. This
portion of the building receives light from ten windows, four of them
loopholes, the same number of two lights with trefoil heads, a single
light, and one in the roof of two lights ; the two last are comparatively
modern. A circular newel staircase in the north wall formerly led to
the rood-loft ; it now conducts to a gallery ; under this gallery is
preserved some oak carving of an elegant scroll pattern, which
probably formed part of the ornamental work in the screen or the
rood-loft. In the south wall is a small trefoil-headed piscina.
The present chancel is entered under a lofty semicircular arch,
and, like the nave, comprises two apartments. The first is in plan a
1 98 Herefordshire.
parallelogram ; the second, or easternmost, terminates in a half-circle.
These are lighted by five long narrow apertures, which were doubtless
originally mere loopholes, although only three of them remain as
such. It would appear, then, that this church, when first completed,
obtained light only from those small openings ; for all the windows of
a greater size are evidently of much later date than the walls. The
semicircular apsis, or niche, is particularly remarkable for contain-
ing the ancient altar in a perfect state; it is made of square-set
masonry, coated with plaster, and covered by a freestone table or
slab marked with five small crosses, one at each angle and one in the
centre. This slab is 6 feet 3 inches in length, 3 feet 3 inches in
breadth, and 6 inches thick • the total height of the alttar is 32
inches.
The tower, situated at the extreme western end of the church, is
71 feet in height, contains a clock and six bells, bearing date 1782,
and is surmounted by a lofty octagonal stone spire.
The font, elevated on two steps, is a circular stone basin, banded
with indented and cable mouldings; it is 25 inches in diameter and
27 inches in height.
In the chancel are sepulchral memorials to some descendants of
the family of De-la-Hay, formerly of Urish Hay, in this parish, with
the arms, argent, an estoile of sixteen points gules ; to two of the
Vaughans, father and son, of Hinton Court in this parish, with the
arms, sable, a chevron between three boys' heads couped at the
shoulders argent, crined or, wreathed round the necks with as many
snakes proper ; and to some other individuals of minor importance.
Against the western wall of the nave is affixed a stone tablet,
whereon is sculptured the figure of a large trout, having a chain
round the back part of its head ; it has been recently painted and
gilt, and the names of the churchwardens added. The story told in
the village respecting this fish is simply as follows :
Many years since a trout was caught in the river Dore, which runs
through the parish, wearing a gold chain round the back part of its
head; a plaster cast of it was immediately taken, an artist employed
to execute the above, a faithful representation ; and when finished
it was placed in the church as a perpetual memorial of the circum-
stance.
It was suggested to me by a gentleman resident in the county,
who has investigated its antiquities, and who has indeed published
the result of a portion of his labours, that, as the church is dedicated
to St. Peter, this tablet may have reference to the finding of the piece
of money by Peter, as recorded in Matt. xvi. 27. To this opinion I
feel inclined to dissent, first, because the stone bears no mark of
great antiquity, and was put up probably long since the Roman
Catholic religion had been dominant — at a time when the people
never thought of their patron saint as such, except when keeping his
Peterchiirch. 199
revel or feast ; secondly, because it is unlikely the sculptor would
have encircled the fish with a chain, when the more obvious illustra-
tion of the subject would have been to insert a piece of money in
the mouth. Perhaps your correspondents may be able to throw some
light on the matter.
This church, singular in form, ancient in structure, curious in its
contents, connected as these are with local tradition and widely-
spread superstition, claims the attention of every visitor.
WILLIAM SAWYER.
[1830, Part I., pp. 317, 318.]
It is well known that, in Catholic countries, the Mother of Christ
is designated by the appellation of the Fish Virgin — " La Vierge au
Poisson ;" and an engraving in my possession, beautifully coloured
and gilded, and designed probably for a prayer-book, or some book
of Catholic devotion, has the following group : the Virgin with
the Infant Jesus, and Joseph, all radiated, and the last holding a
book, probably intended for the Old Testament, or book of the
Prophecies, foretelling the advent of the Messiah ; but lastly is a
figure, winged and radiated, and of feminine appearance, who intro-
duces to the Virgin a boy bearing a fish, which he offers to her with
bended knees. This fish has the appearance of a trout, but whether
designed for one or not, I cannot say. Beneath the whole, however,
is printed — " La Vierge au Poisson."
Having inquired in vain, of a few Roman Catholics, why they
call Mary the "Fish Virgin," perhaps some of your readers will
kindly give me the requisite information.
That the fish, however, in Peterchurch refers to the "Fish Virgin,"
I have not the smallest doubt ; for as to the church being dedicated
to St. Peter, it will be of no great weight with those who know how
many churches, dedicated in aftertimes to one saint, were originally
dedicated to another. Of this we have an instance in my own
neighbourhood ; but, what will be more satisfactory, by referring to
your own Magazine, vol. xcviii., part ii., p. 237, you may find the
point settled on better authority.
The ground-plan of Peterchurch, with its circular east end, double
chancel, and semicircular arches, enriched with convex and concave
zigzag, billets, and lozenge mouldings, etc., convinces me that it is,
at least as to some parts, of very great antiquity, and justifies the
suspicion that it was originally dedicated to the Virgin.
It is extremely well known that even the name of the Saviour was
formerly, if it is not still, nearly excluded from the devotions ot some
people by the homage paid to the " Fish Virgin," and the multitude,
whose sanctity or ambition procured them a place in the Roman
calendar. They still call her "the Mother of God," with the
highest appellations, ascribe to her innumerable miracles, and have
2oo Herefordshire.
dedicated to her more churches and chantry chapels than to Christ
Himself. Your volumes show, in many parts, the idolatry in which
her very name was held ; and those who will turn to that of xcviii.,
part ii., p. 391, perhaps will be satisfied that no more need be said
upon the subject.
But, besides all this, who does not know how common are allusions
to the Virgin, in all our ancient Catholic structures, sometimes by a
single letter, jfft., and sometimes by portraits on wood, stone, and
glass ? Sometimes in porches, sometimes in the nave or chancels of
our churches? In short, in all parts and forms. . . .
The stone in question being in the interior of a church, the
sculpture may, perhaps, be more ancient than your correspondent
supposes. But, supposing it comparatively modern, who can doubt
that it has been sculptured from an original, now lost or destroyed?
At Dewsbury, in Yorkshire, at the east end of that church, we have
a copy of a Saxon wheel-cross, known to be taken from an older
copy, and that copy, probably, from the original, as Dr. Whitaker, on
the most rational ground, believed.* What, then, more likely than
that a stone should be carefully preserved at Peterchurch, which
would be interesting to its natives on more accounts, peradventure,
than one.
As to the village tradition, it is perfectly contemptible ; and as
to the taste of painting and gilding the stone, and putting upon
it churchwardens' names, I leave it to antiquaries to pronounce
judgment. N. S.
Pulley.
[1795, Part II., pp. 641, 642.]
I have enclosed three different views of the cross in Putley church-
yard (Plate II.). The figures on three sides are very well executed
and perfect ; that of the fourth is so much mutilated as not to admit
of any explanation in a drawing. The east view, No. i, represents
the Virgin and Child; the west, No. 2, the Crucifixion; and the
north-west, No. 3, St. John the Evangelist. The church of Putley
is small and near, contains no monuments, but, with a venerable yew-
tree and its curious cross, afford altogether a very pleasing and
picturesque scene. The reason, I conclude, that this cross has
suffered so little injury, compared with that of most others that were
so highly ornamented, was, from its being situated in a very seques-
tered spot, nearly embosomed in trees, and the roads in and near
this parish so low and deep as in the winter months to be almost in-
accessible. . . . Putley is situated twelve miles east from Hereford
and four from the town of Ledbury. The patrons of this living are
the Dean and Chapter of Hereford Cathedral, and it is generally held
by one of the members of the college of vicars-choral in that church.
J.W.
" History of Leeds," etc., vol. ii., p. 299.
Tedslone D e lamer e, 201
Tedstone Delamere.
[1811, Part I., pp. 429, 430.]
The parish church of Tedstone Delamere, in the county and
diocese of Hereford, is situated at a short distance from the Parsonage
upon the declivity of a hill, commanding a beautiful and extensive
prospect over nearly the whole of Worcestershire, into Staffordshire,
Warwickshire, and Gloucestershire. The Malvern Mountains,
clustering grandly in full view, appear not more than ten miles
distant ; and the Cotswold, Breedon, Broadway, Ridgeway, Lickey,
Clent, and Abberley Hills, besides the nearer ones of Barrow and
Ankerdine, form also noble features in the scene. . . . Near the
south door of the church are two prostrate figures, much worn by
time and human footsteps, but whose effigies they are no inscription
informs us. They seem habited in the costume of the reign of
Queen Elizabeth, perhaps about which time the church was built, as
a sacramental cup and cover belonging to the parish bears the date
of 1573-
In the chancel of the church are the following sepulchral in-
scriptions :
1. Upon a flat stone :
" Hie jacet in tumulo Richardus Creswell, Gen. qui obiit vicesimo tertio die
Aprilis, setatis suse anno octogesimo quarto, Redemptionis humane 1543 ; Carolo
primo cum Anglias proceribus periculose litigant."
2. Upon a flat stone :
" Here lielh the body of James Tarry, M.A., descended of an antient family ;
who was eminent for his humble spirit, religious life, and generous behaviour and
conversation. He was Prebend of the Church of Hereford, and Rector of this
Parish 40 years ; where he deceased the I2lh of September, 1671, being aged
near 80 years. ..."
Upon the same stone :
"Here lieth the body of Mary, the wife of George Primrose, gent., buried Dec.
25th, 1687."
3. Upon a flat stone :
" Hie jacit Thomas Dolman, Artium Magister, hujus Ecclesire Rector ac decus :
pietate vera, summa eruditione, snnclitate ac suavitate marum, insignis typus.
Melior pars, corporea soluta mole, in ccelis fulget, terrenas contemnens ipsaque
tumulum ossaditant. Obiit quarto die Decembris, 1690, a;tatis suse 39."
4. Upon a mural monument, bearing arms — a lion rampant with
two heads argent, on a shield or :
" Juxta inhumantur reliquire Roberti Mason, qui fuit Pretorii Dominus et hujus
Ecclesu-e Patronus ; Qui falls cessit 16 April, ann. 1681. petal, sure Ixiii. Et, in
eodem tumulo, Hesteroc Uxoris ejus, quse obiit 28 die Sep. 1709, astat. suoe Ixxxiii.
Filiorum itidcm quinque Filiarum binarum, quos ornavit vivos vita coelebs. Beati
inortui i/iii in Domino nioriuuttir. Pietate posuit Robertus Filius solus superstes."
2O2 Herefordshire.
5. Upon a flat stone :
" Subtus inhumantur reliquiae Gulielmi Mason, qui obih 19° die Septembris,
1693, cetatis suae 70. Et Richardi Filii ejus, qui obiit anno setat. suae 69, ann.
Dom. 1717."
6. Upon a mural tablet :
"Near to this place lye interred, the bodies of Dorcas, daughter of John
Holland, gent, and Katharine his wife, and of German, the son of the said John
and Katherine — in hopes of a happy Resurrection, 1726."
7. Upon a mural monument, bearing the arms of the family :
" Near this place lieth the body of the Rev. Mr. John Landon, M. A., Rector of
Nustead and Ifield in the County of Kent, who died the 3d day of June 1777, aged
77. His religious principles and literary abilities were evident from what he did
and wrote in vindication of the Religion he professed, etc."
8. Upon a flat stone in the aisle :
"Here lieth the body of Frances Bateman, who departed this life, May 28th,
An. Uom. 1708."
[Inscription omitted.]
Yours, etc., L. BOOKER.
Walford.
[1840, Part I I,, pp. 357, 358.]
In Mr. Fosbroke's " Sketches of Ross," or " Ariconensia," is given
the ancient history of this Manor of Ross Forren (forinsecus),
denominated in Domesday Book " Walecford." There are no indicia
of ecclesiastical architecture before the time of Henry III. (thirteenth
century). Dugdale says in his " Warwickshire " that spires were sub-
stituted for towers in woody countries (as was this) by way of land-
marks, and there is an ancient illumination of this King Henry
asleep, and two priests rearing spires, alluding to some dream.*
Alberti, who wrote in the sixteenth century, says :f "Sunt qui putent
astro movente etiam hominum animos variari ; ad annos abhinc
ccc. usque cccc. tantus viguit fervor religionis ut nati homines
viderentur non aliam ad rem magis quam ad sacros sedes con-
struendas." The church of Walford, however, contains two aisles, of
which one only has traces of the age of Henry in columns, and a
lancet-arch window at the end. The other large windows are spoiled
by horizontal crossbars, with one graceful exception in the porch;
this window has been modelled in facsimile, and the copy appears
in the upper windows of the Vicarage-house in the woodcut. In
fabricating these windows the whole arch-work was formed out of one
perforated slab, the upright being uncuspidated perpendiculars. The
priest has only a single seat near the altar, and no locker or piscina
appears. In the side-aisle annexed the latter occurs, and as this
* In "Strult's Habits," etc., pi. lix.
t De re redif., cxxiv. a. I.
Walford. 203
aisle forms a burial chapel, presumed to have belonged to a knightly
family, De Walford, extinct for some centuries, it is presumptive that
the piscina belonged to an adjacent altar. The font has the roses of
York and Lancaster round the basin part. The flat arch of the reign
of Henry VII. forming the large chimney-piece, now a library, here-
tofore a kitchen, and there being also in the chancel three narrow
windows without mullions, of single ogee-heads, it is likely that the
parsonage and font and side windows and priest's seat are all syn-
chronous and of the reign mentioned. The tower (being originally
the base of a spire, destroyed in the year 1813) has neither angular
or other buttresses, and therefore has an ungraceful chimney cha-
racter.
Wigmore and Downton.
[1797, Part I., pp. 473-475-]
As I lately passed Wigmore Castle, in Herefordshire, I could not
avoid stopping to contemplate its ruins. All the splendid characters
of the noble family of Mortimer, which involved in them much of
the history of England during the reign of the Plantagenets, crowded
upon my mind. Ic stands on the slope of one of those circling hills
which encompass a large flat, containing the parishes of Lentwardine,
Aston, Elton, Lenthall Starks, etc. Within the outer walls is a very
high artificial hill, on which are the ruins of the keep, overlooking
with great grandeur the flat below. The outer walls, which enclosed
much ground, and were very strong, are also entirely in ruins. This
property, which was the head of the barony of the Mortimers from
the Conquest, probably went, with the rest of their large estates,
through the house of York to the Crown, and thence by grant, about
the time of James I., to the Harleys ; and still belongs to the Earls
of Oxford and Mortimer, who possess a long line of farms hence to
Bramton Brian Castle, now also in ruins, and on to Eywood, their
present residence, which lies nearer the borders of Radnorshire.
Lord Oxford's rents in the parish are about ,£500 a year ; and those
of Somerset Davies, Esq. (son of a late receiver-general of the county,
formerly of Ludlow), who has a seat here, are about equal to them.
Land is now let at about T4S. an acre ; parish cesses, 55. in the
pound ; labour, 75. a week ; cutting wheat about 55. per acre.
The Grange, a farm lying in the flat in the parish of Lentwardine
(probably the old priory appendant to the castle), is rented at about
^500 per annum, and belongs to the family of Salwey, of the parish
of Richard's Castle. To this family also belongs Elton, where is a
neat house under the hills close to the church, rented by a brother
of Mr. Knight, of Downton, which last owns the parishes of Aston,
Lenthall Statks, Burrington, and much in Lentwardine, etc. All
these are only separated by one of the surrounding chain of hills from
his noble seat at Downton.
204 Herefordshire.
Mr. Richard Payne Knight, M.P. for Ludlow, is well known to
the world for his poem entitled "The Landscape " and his "Progress
of Civil Society, a didactic Poem, in Six Books," 1796. His house,
therefore, built somewhat in the resemblance of an ancient castle,
and his grounds were the particular object of my curiosity. In the
former I do not think he has been happy ; the irregularity has the
effect of study. Instead of that cluster of towers and pinnacles
which makes a Gothic building so picturesque, the whole is long and
flat ; and, on a closer examination, there has been such a carelessness
about the minuter parts of the style that the very battlements want
copings. The inside of the house is modern, but affords little to be
admired. The eating-room is whimsical, being an octagon with a
dome lighted at top, except by one window looking to the front,
which seems not to have been a part of the original design, but after-
wards made from deficiency of light. There are a few pictures and
two ancient statues in the drawing-room, and some excellent books
in the library, which is small. The offices are excellent.
But the grounds are a happy exemplification of the ideas contained
in "The Landscape." Nature has done that which he has not
suffered the hand of art to spoil. The ground falls rapidly from the
house into a beautiful little valley, at the bottom of which is a wild
and impetuous stream ; and immediately from the opposite bank
rises the hill again, clad with rich wood in a variety of shapes to its
very summit, and opening at parts into rude sheepwalks, the whole
formed out of a waste, which formerly went by the name of Bring-
wood Chase.* . . .
This water, called the Team, comes out of Radnorshire, and
passing by Knighton, seems to spread itself in a wider and more
irregular course, becoming now the boundary in general between the
counties of Salop and Hereford. . . .
At the point where this stream issues from its narrow banks to the
wider valley, which is overlooked by the castle, Mr. Knight has
thrown a bridge across it. A walk descends to this bridge, which,
after crossing, a narrow path to the right leads along the margin of
the river — the most wild, rich, and solitary path I ever trod— till it
brings the passenger to a recluse mill, at which a rustic bridge again
conveys him over the furious water to the opposite bank, where an
irregular path, still by the side of the river, conducts him till he
gradually ascends again to the castle.
To the left of the castle the valley winds with the stream in its
course to Ludlow. . . .
Beyond Bringwood Chase, on the hills in front of Downton, stands
a lone cottage, called Marinold, in a most romantic situation, looking
* Sir Robert Harley was, July 16, 1604, made forester of Boringwood, alias
Bringwood, forest, with the office of the parkership, and custody of the forest or
chase of Prestwood for life. Sir Robert was born at Wigmore Castle, 1579.
Wilton. 205
through a deep valley, whose sides, up to their very summit, are
clothed with rich wood, into a flat and distant country covered with
seats, villages, and churches.
Wilton.
[1753. A 356-1
Wilton Bridge was built in pursuance of an Act of Parliament
passed the 39th of Elizabeth, February 9, 1597, over the river Wye,
at a ferry a little below the castle ; of stone very durable. It is
335 feet in length and 21 feet in breadth. Has six arches; the
middle one is 31 feet diameter ; the outside, or facings, of the arches
and the middle of each is 9 inches thicker than the other parts,
forming three ribs, the joints of which are waved or indented. From
the bridge is a noble causey leading up to the town 923 yards long,
and 14, in some places 18, feet wide. Built under the direction of,
and by contributions procured by the interest of, the Man of Ross.
The following articles are omitted :
1808, part i., pp. 289-291. Hereford County Gaol.
1809, part i., p. 495. Hereford Cathedral.
References to other volumes of the Gentleman's Magazine Library : — •
Prehistoric Antiquities : — Cruciform mound at Margaret's I'ark ; tumulus at
St. Weonard's. — Archeology, part i., pp. 93, 269; causeway at Moor-
hampton. — Archeology, part ii., pp. 148-151.
Anglo-Saxon Remains : — Inscription in Leominster Church. — Arclucology,
part ii., pp. 273-276.
Architecture: — Goodrich Castle, Hereford Cathedral. — Architectural
Antiquities, part i., pp. 5, 151-153, 374, 375-
Ecclesiology : — Plate of the Cathedral church of Hereford; documentary
history of Hereford Cathedral ; Hereford Cathedral School. — Ecclesiology,
pp. 158, 159, 229, 230, 267.
folklore: — Twelfth-day customs; Christmas - Eve customs. — Popular
Superstitions: — pp. 17-20,75. Manners and customs of Herefordshire.
— Manners and Customs, pp. 16-28.
Literature : — Libraries in Hertford. — Literary Curiosities, pp. 142, 143.
Hertfordshire.
HER TFORDSHIRE.
[1817, fart //., pp. 109-113.]
ANCIENT STATE AND REMAINS.
British Inhabitants. — Cattieuchlani, or Cassii, and Trinobantes.
Roman Province. — Flavia Qesariensis. Stations. — Verulamimn
(the chief city of Cassivelaunus, created a municipium), near St.
Albans ; Durolitum, Cheshunt.
Saxon Heptarchy. — Mercia and Essex.
Antiquities. — St. Alban's Abbey Church and Gatehouse; Waltham
Cross; Royston Cave; Sopwell Nunnery; Ware Priory; Hertford,
Bishop's Stortford, and Berkhamsted Castles ; Hunsdon, Standon,
and Rye houses.
St. Albans was a mitred abbey, founded in 793 by Offa, Kin<; of
Mercia ; and its abbots were authorized, by a grant from Pope
Adrian IV., to take precedence of all others in England. In its
noble church had sepulture its historian, Matthew Paris, Humphrey,
the "good Duke" of Gloucester, brother of Henry V., and the
Lancastrian peers slain in the first battle of St. Albans.
Hertford Castle was the residence of John of Gaunt, Duke of
Lancaster, who entertained in it the two royal prisoners, John of
France and David of Scotland. It was successively possessed by
Joan of Navarre, Catharine of France, and Margaret of Anjou,
queens of Henry IV., V., and VI.
At King's Langley were buried Piers Gaveston, the favourite of
Edward II. ; Edmund of Langley, son of Edward III., with his wife
Isabel, daughter of Pedro, Kins; of Castile; and Richard II.,
whose body was afterwards removed to Westminster by order of
Henry V.
PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE.
Rivers. — Beane, Bulborne, Colne, Gade, Hiz, Ivel, Kime, Lea,
Mimeran, or Manm, New River (whose source is at Chadwell),
Oughton, Pirral, Quin, Rhee, Rib, Stort, Thame, Ver, or Meuse.
VOL. xvn. 14
2 1 o Hertfordshire.
Inland Navigation. — Grand Junction Canal ; Lea and Stort Rivers.
Eminences and Views. — Hexton Hills, Brockley Hill, Wilbury
Hill, Ravensbury Castle, town of St. Albans' Church, Haven End,
Shenley Parsonage.
Natural Curiosities. — Barnet medicinal spring.
Public Edifices. — Hertford Blue-coat School, connected with
Christ's Hospital in London ; Hertford College, for the education of
young men intended for the civil department in the East India
Company's service.
Seats. — HatfielJ House, Marquis of Salisbury, Lord-Lieutenant of
the county ; Albans, St., Sir VVm. Domville, Bart. ; Aldenhatn
Abbey, Sir C. M. Pole, Bart.; Aspenham Hall, Captain Latour ;
Balls, Lord John Townshend ; Bay ford Bury, William Baker, Esq. ;
Beerhwooil, Sir John Saunders Sebright, Bart. ; Berkhamsted Place,
Hon. Miss Grimston ; Brickendon Bury, • — Dent, Esq. ; Brocket
Hail, Viscount Melbourne ; Brookman's, late S. R. Gaussen, Esq. ;
Broxbourn Bury, Jacob Bosanquet, Esq. ; Bury Park, Fotherley
Whitneld, Esq. ; Bushey Grove, D. Haliburton, Esq. ; Campfield
Place, Rev. — Brown; Cassiobury, Earl of Essex ; Cheshunt House,
Rev. C. Mavo ; Cocken Hatch, Sir Francis Willes, Bart. ; Colney
House, — Simpson, Esq. ; Corneybury, William Butt, Esq. ; Dane
End, John Corrie, Esq. ; Digswell House, Hon. Spencer Cowper ;
Edge Grove, Wm. Marsden, Esq. ; Gaddesden Place, Joseph Halsey,
Esq. ; Gilston Park, William Plumer, Esq. ; Gorhambury, Earl of
Verulam ; Grove Park, Earl of Clarendon ; Hamells, late Richard
Shavve, Esq. ; Haresfoot, Thomas Dorrien, Esq. ; Hillfield Lodge,
John Fann Timins, Esq. ; Hitchin Priory, E. H. Delme Radcliffe,
Esq. ; Holywell House, Earl Spencer ; Hoo, Hon. Thomas Brand ;
Hunsdon House, Nalson Calvert, Esq. ; Hyde Hall, Earl of Roden ;
Knebworth House, Mrs. Lytton ; Lamer House, C. D. Gerrard,
Esq. ; Langleybury, Rev. Sir J. Filmer, Bart. ; Lilly House, John
Sowerby, Esq. ; Lockleys, • — Mackenzie, Esq. ; Marchmont House,
T. A. Green, Esq.; Moor Park, late Robt. Williams, Esq. ; Munden,
Rogers Parker, Esq. ; North Minis Place, Hen. Browne, Esq. ;
Offley Place, — Burrows, Esq. ; Panshanger, Earl Cowper ; Pauls
Warden, Hon. Thomas Bowes Bruhl ; Pishiobury, Mrs. Mills ;
Porters, Marchioness of Sligo ; Potterells, Justinian Casamajor,
Esq. ; Rothamsted, J. B. Lawes, Esq. ; Russel Farm, Lord Henley ;
Sacombe Park, George Caswall, Esq. ; St. John's Lodge, Sir C.
Cuyler, Bart. ; Salisbury Hall, William Snell, Esq. ; Sandridge
Lodge, G S. Marten, Esq. ; Stagenhoe Park, R. T. Heysham, Esq. ;
Tewin Water, Henry Cowper, Esq. ; Theobalds Park, Sir George
Beeston Prescott ; Tittenlianger, Earl of Hardwicke ; Tring Grove,
- Broadwood, Esq. • Tring Park, Sir Drummond Smith, Bart.j
Ware Park, Thos. Hope Byde, Esq. ; Watton Wood Hall, Sam.
Smith, Esq. ; Westbroke Hay, Hon. Rich. Rider; Woodhall, Sam.
History. 2 1 1
Smith, Esq. ; Wormleybury, Sir Abr. Hume, Bart. ; Youngsbury,
Daniel Giles, Esq.
HISTORY.
A.D. 61, Verulam taken and destroyed by Boadicea, Queen of
the Iceni.
A.D. 796, at Offley, died Offa, the great King of Mercia. Near
Ware, Alfred captured the Danish fleet by diverting the waters of the
Lea from their original channel.
A.D. 1066, at Berkhamsted, William the Conqueror took the oath
imposed upon him by Fretheric, Abbot of St. Albans, that he would
keep the laws of Edward the Contessor.
A.D. 1272, at Berkhamsted, died Richard, King of the Romans,
Earl of Cornwall, brother of Henry III.
A.D. 1312, at Whethamsted, assembled the forces of the Barons
in arms against Edward II. and his favourite Gaveston.
A.D. 1362, at Hertford Castle, died Joan, wife of David, King of
Scotland, and sister of Edward III.
A.D. 1381, to St. Albans came Richard II. and his Chief Justice
Tresilian, with a guard of 1,000 men, when fifteen of the insurgents,
under Wat Tyler, were hung in chains ; and the male inhabitants of
the county, from fifteen to sixty years of age, attended and took an
oath never to disturb the public peace.
A.D. 1399, at Hertford, Henry, Duke of Lancaster (afterwards
Henry IV.), kept his Court when Richard II. was deposed.
A.D. 1455, at St. Albans, May 23, Henry VI. wounded and taken
prisoner ; Duke of Somerset. Earls of Northumberland and Stafford,
Lord Clinton, and 800 Lancastrians, slain by Edward, Duke of York,
and Richard Neville, "the king-making " Earl of Warwick.
A.D. 1461, at St. Albans, February 17, the great Earl of Warwick
and Yorkists defeated by Margaret of Anjou. In this battle Sir John
Grey, of Groby, first husband of Elizabeth Widville (afterwards Queen
of Edward IV.), and 2,300 men were slain.
A.D. 1468, near Barnet, April 14. Lancastrians defeated, and their
commander, the Earl of Warwick, "that centre-shaking thunderclap
of warre," with his brother, the Marquis of Montacute, and 10,000
men, slain by Edward IV.
A.D. 1496, at Berkhamsted, died Cecily, Duchess of York, mother
of Edward IV. and Richard III.
A.D. 1553, at Hunsdon, July, Mary, on her road to London, was
informed by the Earl of Arundel of the death of Edward VI., and
thereby prevented from falling into the power of the Earl of
Northumberland.
A.D. 1603, at Theobalds (then the seat of Robert, first Earl of
Salisbury), May 3, the Lords of the Council paid their homage to
James I.
14—2
2 1 2 Hertfordshire.
A.D. 1625, at Theobalds (which he had obtained in exchange for
Hatfield from the Earl of Salisbury), March 27, died James I.
A.D. 1642, at Theobalds, February, Charles I. received the petitions
of both Houses of Parliament, and thence went to put himself at the
head of his army.
A D. 1683, at Rye House, was said to be concerted the conspiracy
to assassinate Charles II. and his brother James, Duke of York, on
their return from Newmarket, for which Lord Russell and Algernon
Sydney, without the slightest evidence of their being privy to the
intended assassination, were condemned and beheaded.
BIOGRAPHY.
Alban, St., protomartyr of Britain, Verulam (suffered 303).
Albans, St. John de, philosopher, St. Albans, twelfth century.
Baldock, Ralph, Bishop of London, Baldock (died 1313).
Barn_t, John, Bishop of Ely, Lord Treasurer, Barnet (died 1373).
Blount, Sir Henry, traveller, Tittenhanger, 1602.
Bostock, John, Abbot of St. Albans, benefactor, Whethamsted
(died 1440).
Bourchier, John, Baron Berners, translator of Froissart, Tharfield
(died 1532).
Brekespere, Nicholas, Adrian IV., only English Pope, Abbots
Langley, 1090.
Burgess, Anthony, divine, voluminous writer, Watford.
Capel, Arthur, Lord, Loyalist, Hadham (beheaded 1648).
Gary, Henry, first Viscount Falkland, Lord-Deputy of Ireland,
Berkhamsted (died 1633).
Cartwright, Thomas, Puritan divine, 1535.
Chauncy, Sir Henry, historian of the county, Yardleybury (died
1700).
Chauncy, Isaac, Nonconformist divine and author, Ware (died
1712).
Cowper, William, poet, Berkhamsted, 1731.
Dike, Daniel, divine, Hemsted (died 1614).
Dike, Jeremiah, divine, Hemsted (died 1620).
Dixon, Nicholas, divine, founder of Cheshunt Church (died 1448).
Duncombe, John, poet and divine, Stocks, 1730.
Duncombe, William, dramatic writer and translator of Horace,
Stocks, 1689.
Edwards, John, divine, Hertford, 1637.
Fanshaw, Sir Richard, diplomatist, poet and translator, Ware Park,
1607.
Ferrars, George, lawyer, historian, and poet, near St. Albans, about
1512.
Field, Richard, Dean of Gloucester, theologian, Hemsted, 1561.
Gaddesden, John de, physician, Gaddesden (flor. 1320).
Biography. 2 1 3
Giles, John, "Joannes /Egidius," physician, St. Albans, thirteenth
century.
Gorham, Nicholas, commentator on the Scriptures, Gorham (died
1400).
Gunter, Edmund, inventor of the scale, Hertford, 1581.
Guyse, John, author of " Paraphrase on New Testament," Hertford,
1680.
Haddam, Edmund of, Earl of Richmond, father of Henry VII.,
Haddam (died 1456).
Hale, Richard, founder of Hertford School, Cudicot (died 1640).
Hill, Robt., learned tailor, compared by Spence to Magliabechi,
Miswell, 1699.
Humphry, John, Nonconformist divine and author, St. Albans,
1622.
Incent, Jn., Dean of St. Paul's, founder of Berkhamsted School,
Berkhamsted.
Janeway, James, Nonconformist divine and author, Kershall (died
1674).
Jennings, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, Sandridge, 1660.
Ken, Thomas, Bishop of Bath and Wells, one of the seven im-
prisoned Bishops, Berkhamsted, 1637.
Kenrick, William, miscellaneous writer, near Watford (died 1777).
King, Sir John, lawyer, St. Albans, 1639.
Langley, Edm. of, Duke of York, fifth son of Edward III., King's
Langley (died 1402).
Lee, Nathaniel, dramatic writer, Hatfield (died 1691).
Legat, Hugh, commentator on Boethius (llor. 1400).
Mandeville, Sir John, traveller, St. Albans, 1300.
Nequam, or Neckham, Alexander, Abbot of Cirencestcr, " miraculum
ingenii," St. Albans (died 1227).
Pemberton, Sir Francis, Chief Justice, St. Albans, 1625.
Redman, Richard, Bishop of Ely.
Rudborne, Thomas, Bishop of St. David's, chronicler, Rudborne
(flor. 1419).
Shute, John, first Viscount Barnngton, statesman, Theobalds,
1678.
Stanley, Thomas, scholar and philosopher, Cumberlow, 1644.
Symonds, Edmund, divine, vindicator of Charles I., Cottered
(died 1649).
Titus, Silas, Colonel, author of " Killing no Murder," Bushy.
Tooke, George, poet, Popes, about 1595.
Vincent, Thomas, Nonconformist divine and author, Hertford,
1634.
Walker, John, philologist, author of "Pronouncing Dictionary,
Barnet, 1732.
Waller, Edmund, poet, Cole.ihill, 1605.
2 1 4 Hertfordsh ire .
Ward, Seth, Bishop of Salisbury, mathematician, Buntingford,
1617.
Ware, Richard de, Abbot of Westminster, treasurer to Edward I.,
Ware (died 1283).
Ware, William de, instructor of Duns Scotus, Ware (flor. 1270).
Waterhouse, Sir Edw., Chancellor of Exchequer for Ireland,
Helmstedbury, 1535.
White, Sir Thomas, founder of St. John's College, Oxford,
Rickmansworth.
MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS.
Albury Hall was the residence of the learned Chief Baron Sir
Edw. Atkyns.
At Amwell is a curious grotto formed by John Scott, who resided
there, and has described the neighbouring scenery in his poems.
Amwell was the burial-place of William Warner, author of "Albion's
England," and of Isaac Reed, editor of Shakespeare.
Brantfield Rectory was the first Church preferment of the factious
St. Thomas & Becket, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury.
Cheshunt Manor House was the residence of Cardinal Wolsey,
and in a house near the church, under the assumed name of Clarke,
July 12, 1712, died the ex-Protector, Richard Cromwell, aged eighty-
five.
Gorhambury was the residence of Lord Keeper Sir Nicholas
Bacon, who frequently entertained his royal mistress there. It was
also the residence of his son, "the wisest, greatest, meanest of
mankind."
In Hadham Parva Church is an inscription to the memory of
Arthur Lord Capel, Baron of Hadham, beheaded for his loyalty to
Charles I.
In Hatfield Church is the monument of its founder, the politic
Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury.
Hunsdon House was the residence of Mary I., Elizabeth, and
Edward VI. when children. In the church is the monument of
Chief Justice Sir Thos. Forster.
Moor Park was the seat of the beautiful Lucy Harrington, Countess
of Bedford ; of Anne, wife of the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth ;
and of Lord Anson, the circumnavigator. The latter planted in his
kitchen-garden here the apricot, from that circumstance called " the
Moor Park."
In North Mims Church is the monument of the patriot Lord
Chancellor Somers.
Pelham Furneaux was the vicarage of the eminent divine, Charles
Wheatley, who died there 1742.
In Rirkmansworth was buried the translator, Henry Gary, Earl of
Monmouth.
Amwell. 2 1 5
Royston has given its name to the " hooded crow," or " corvus
cornix," of Linnaeus. According to Holinshed, wheat in the time of
Henry VI. was so plentiful as to be sold in this town at i2d. the
quarter.
At St. Albans, in St. Michael's Church, is the monument of the
great Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Alban, who is
represented sitting in an elbow chair, in a contemplative posture,
with an epitaph by Sir Henry Wotton. In St. Peter's Churchyard
lie the remains of the amiable poet and physician, Dr. Nathaniel
Cotton, author of " The Fireside," through whose ability the poet
Cowper was restored to sanity. The discovery in 1703 of the body
of Humphry, the good Duke of Gloucester, lying in pickle in the
Abbey Church, gave rise to a well-known epigram written by Garrick
as a soliloquy of the epicure Quin.
In Sawbridgeworth Church is the monument of Sir Walter Mild-
may, Elizabeth's Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Shenley was the rectory of Philip Fallo, historian of Jersey and
Guernsey, and of Peter Newcome, historian of St. Albans.
At Standon resided Sir Ralph Sadleir, Secretary of State, and one
of the executors named in the will of Henry VIII., and over his
tomb in the church still remains the pole of the banner of the King
of Scots, which Sir Ralph took at the battle of Musselburgh in 1547.
Theobalds was the seat of the illustrious William Cecil, Lord
Burleigh, where he was repeatedly visited by Elizabeth. In 1606
his son Robert, first Earl of Salisbury, entertained here James I. and
Christopher IV., King of Denmark.
At Walkerne lived Jane Wenham, who in 1712 was tried at Hen-
ford for witchcraft, and against the opinion of the Judge (Powell)
found guilty and condemned, but was pardoned. So lately as 1751,
at Tring, Ruth Osborne, a reputed witch, was submitted by a mob
to the water ordeal and drowned, but the most active of the mob
were afterwards executed for the murder.
In Ware Church were interred Elizabeth, daughter of Gilbert de
Clare, Earl of Gloucester, foundress of Clare Hall, Cambridge, and
the accomplished Sir William Fanshaw, who was born and resided at
Ware Park.
Welwyn was the rectory, residence, and burial-place of Dr. Edward
Young, and here his "Night Thoughts" were composed.
At Wormley is the monument of that eminent topographer and
antiquary Richard Gough, with an epitaph written by himself.
At Yardleybury Sir Henry Chauncy wrote his history of this
county. BYRO.
Amwell.
[1802, Part II., pp. 988, 989.]
In the village of Great Amwell, Herts, a mile and a half south-east
of Ware, the New River flows below the steep slope or bank of
2 1 6 Hertfordshire.
A.i.well Hill, and forms an ample pool or piece of water, in which
there is an islet, of an elongated form, having the stream gliding on
each side of it. In this retired situation, secluded from highways
and the more busy scenes of men, some pains have been taken to
reduce this spot into form, with neat and plain simplicity.
On the smooth and verdant isle a large weeping willow droops its
melancholy boughs in the water at each end ; and a spiring poplar
waves in the middle its lofty head and quivers in the breeze. Near
the latter a sombre thicket of evergreens, cypress, cedars, yews, and
mournful shrubs, forms a circle and covers a swelling tumulus. On
that is placed a monumental pedestal of solid Portland, to the virtues
of a man, on whom too much praise cannot be bestowed. Pictures
by Cornelius Janssen and prints by Vertue, are the only monuments
which the arts have dedicated to so much useful talent.
By the gratitude and good taste of Robert Mylne, Esq., the cele-
brated architect, a votive urn is erected on the pedestal, and the
following inscriptions are engraved on the four sides of it :
i. SOUTH. — To Amwell Spring :
" Sacred to the Memory of Sir HUGH MYDELTON, Baronet ; whose successful
care, assisted by the patronage of his King, conveyed this Stream to London.
\n immortal work, since men cannot more nearly imitate the Deity than in
bestowing health. "
2. WEST.— To Chadwell :
" From (lie Spring of Chadwell, two miles west ; and from this source of
Amwell; the aquoeduct meanders for the space of xl. miles: conveying health,
pleasure, and convenience to the Metropolis of Great-Britain."
3. NORTH. — Cross the Vale of the Lea :
"M. S. HUGONIS. MYDELTON, Baronetti. Qui . aquas . hasce . . feliciter .
Adspnante . favore . Regio . in . urbem . perducendas . curavit . Opus. Im-
mrrtale . Homines . enim . ad . Dtos . Nulla . re . propius . accedunt .
(juam . Salutem . dando ."
4. EAST. — Towards London :
"This humble tribute to the genius talents and elevation of mind which con-
ceived and executed this imporiant aquseduct is dedicated by ROBERT MILNE,
architect, engineer, etc., A.I). . M.n.ccc."
.... Emma, a holy and sainted maid, gave name to the limpid
spring before its waters were, by this work, embraced and joined
with those of Chadwell. The temple of God, the parish church,
with its stately Gothic tower, presides, high and lofty, over all ;
bestowing (as it were) a blessing on the extensive purposes for which
this noble, unexampled, yet unaffected aqueduct was created.
Ax OLD CORRESPONDENT.
Ayot St. Laurence. 217
Ayot St. Laurence.
[1802, Part II., p. 1003.]
The old church of Ayot St. Laurence, now in ruins (Fig. 3), is
situated about three miles north-west of Welwyn, in Hertfordshire.
It was built by Rahere, who had the manor granted to him by
Henry I., and who, according to Chauncey, had been a mountebank
and buffoon ;* after which he became a monk. He built the church
and priory of St. Bartholomew, in Smithfield ; and was likewise the
founder of the hospital there for sick and infirm persons. Henry VIII.
granted the manor and advowson of the church to Nicholas Bristow.
In the chancel is a large altar-tomb for Sir John Barley and his
lady, with their effigies upon it, well executed.
Against the north wall is a monument for Nicholas Bristow and his
wife, with their effigies, and likewise six sons end seven daughters;
and an altar-tomb, on which was the arms of Bristow on the south
side, with the effigies of eight sons and four daughters, and the follow-
ing inscription on brass :
" Here lie the bodys of NICHOLAS BRISTOW, esq., and EMME, his wife, who
served the noble princes Henry the Eigt, King Edward, Queen Mary, and Queen
Elizabeth, and died ann. 15. .. ."
The manor is now the property of the family of Lyde. The late
Sir Lionel Lyde built a new church in a field adjoining.
In the manor-house is a fine portrait of Nicholas Bristow, by Hans
Holbein. The arms were given at the siege of Boulogne in 1544,
and are : Erm. on a fess between two cotises sa. three crescents or.
Crest, a crescent or, thereout issuant a demi-eagle az. (Fig. 4). The
original grant is still in the possession of the family.
Yours, etc., B.
P.S. — In the south wall of Offley Church, near Hitchin, in Hert-
fordshire, is the following inscription, with the tiles under it
(Figs. 5, 6) :
"These Tiles were found in this church 1777; which proves that King OfTa
was buried here."
Barnet.
[1844, Part II. p. 249.]
North of the rural township of Barnet, High Barnet, or Chipping
Barnet, as it has been variously called, the hill on which it is placed
becomes a level plot about half a mile in breadth, part of which still
remains open, or common land. It declines on the east and west
into a natural escarpment, and must have presented an eligible
military position for an army endeavouring to cover the high road to
London. On this little plain the roads to St. Albans and Hatfield
diverge north-west and south-east, and on the spot where they divide
* See particularly Malcolm's " London," pp. 266-281.
2 1 8 Hertfordshire.
was erected in 1740* an obelisk of stone about 20 feet in height,
commemorating the sure tradition connected with the spot by this
inscription on its eastern side :
" Here was fought the famous battle between Edward the Fourth and the Earl
of Warwick, April 14, anno 1471, in which the Earl was defeated and slain."
The other sides of the stone record the distances from St. Albans,
etc., and prohibit its desecration bv the four times repeated admoni-
tion, " Stick no bills." The obelisk is known by the name of Hadley
High Stone.
Berkhampstead.
[1843, Part H-ipp- 36-38.]
The Castle of Berkhampstead is so famous in English history as
having been the residence of the Black Prince after his return from
Bordeaux that an account of its actual condition at this time will not
be without interest to your readers.
This castle stands in the parish of Berkhampstead, at the foot of
a moderate hill, which occupies its northern and eastern sides, and
the ground upon its other sides is flat, naturally marshy, and capable
of being flooded without much difficulty.
The castle is composed of a central, or inner bailey, an inner fosse,
a middle bailey, an outer fosse, and a third or outer bailey, of small
extent, and partially provided with a fosse. There is also a mound
attached to the inner bailey, and a sort of ravelin in advance of the
fosse on the north side.
The inner bailey is an irregular oval court of considerable size,
surrounded by a wall, and containing the remains of various build-
ings. The wall is of flint rubble, of moderate thickness. The battle-
ments and upper part are everywhere destroyed, and the wall itself
has been breached, and the ruins removed in many places. It is
also in other parts partially undermined. There are indications of a
gate at the southern end, and of a hall, or other large building,
towards the north-east corner. On the western side is part of a half-
round mural tower connected with some other buildings.
At the north end of this bailey a part is removed to make room
for a lofty mound of earth, which rises out of the inner fosse. The
summit of this mound shows the foundations of a circular wall, which
is connected with the inner bailey by a cross wall, or curtain, which
appears to have extended down the side of the mound and across
the fosse, and to have formed the only communication between the
mound and the rest of the castle.
The inner fosse is a very deep and broad ditch, completely en-
circling the mound and inner bailey, and spreading out towards the
* By Sir Jeremy Sambrook. Lysons's " Env. of London," vol. i., part ii.,
P- 753-
Berkhampstead. 219
south and south-east into a considerable pool. The whole of this
fosse is wet.
The middle bailey consists of a steep and lofty bank of earth,
which forms the division between the inner and the middle fosse,
and encircles the whole. This bank is very narrow at the top, and
does not appear to have been crowned with a wall, except at one or
two very limited portions, where are traces of masonry. Its figure is
irregular, and it is highest on the north-eastern side, where the
natural defences of the place are least strong. On the southern side
of this bank are the remains of a gateway. It is also at present cut
through a little east of the gateway for the passage of water, and a
little west of the same to form the modern entrance. It is probable
that the former opening was anciently defended by a wall and dam
with a sluice, but that the latter is wholly modern.
The middle fosse, which surrounds this bailey, is, like the inner
one, wet, being fed by the waters cf the adjacent stream. This fosse
also encircles the whole place, and it is the most exterior of the
works that does so. It also is deepest towards the north-east. On
the south-eastern side it expands into an extensive marsh, now,
however, curtailed by the embankment of the London and Birming-
ham railway. These works complete the defences of the place upon
the southern and south-Vestern sides. The higher ground that is
opposed to the remainder demanded an additional line of defence,
and this is given by the ravelin and the outer bailey and fosse.
The ground begins to rise towards the north-west, and here is
placed the ravelin. This is a triangular platform of earth, slightly
raised, placed on the outside of the fosse, and having a small fosse of
its own. It bears no traces of masonry.
North of this commences the outer bailey. This is a lofty bank
of earth, forming the segment of a circle, and thus defending the
place on the north-eastern side. Its rear forms the outside, or
counterscarp, of the middle fosse ; its top is of no great breadth,
level, and bearing no traces of either wall, parapet, or banquette.
At its western end it terminates in a considerable mound, or bastion
of earth ; at its other, or southern end, it terminates also abruptly,
being cut off by a part of the middle fosse. It is also cut across near
its middle, and thus divided into two independent parts, whilst its
fosse is fed with water from the rear. Along the front of this bank
project seven large bastions of earth, commanding the intermediate
curtains and the approaches, after the manner of a modern forti-
fication.
The bailey is defended by an outer fosse, also for the most part
wet. The ground exterior to this fosse rises rapidly, so as to give
considerable facilities to those who should attack the castle on this
side.
The castle, as it at present stands, is undoubtedly Edwardian, and
22O Hertfordshire.
possibly erected by the Black Prince or his father. The general
plan, the moderate thickness of its walls, and the skill shown in the
disposition of its fortifications, may be considered as conclusive
arguments upon this point. The mound may be of Norman date.
If so, the additional works have been most skilfully disposed, so as
to derive the greatest benefit from its presence, by causing it to
occupy the weakest side. There is, however, no reason stronger
than general analogy for regarding this mound as Norman.
The works of the outer bailey are very curious, and closely
resemble those of the fortifications in use before the days of Vauban
and Cohorn. They are, however, probably original.
It is singular that the middle and outer bailey should be without
either walls or parapets, since, in the event of their being taken, they
would enable the enemy seriously to annoy the castle. It is to be
desired that a careful survey were made of this castle, the works of
which would probably throw much light upon the ancient system of
fortification. C.
[1834, Part //.,/. 150.]
The parsonage-house of Berkhampstead, the venerated birthplace
of Cowper, has been pulled down by the present rector, the Rev.
John Croft, who has also cut down the poet's favourite walnut tree. In
consequence of the remarks which such sacrilegious proceedings have
naturally drawn upon him, Mr. Croft has published a letter vindicat-
ing his deeds. We have seldom read a more impotent defence. He
acknowledges that the modern house is " unequal in magnitude " to
that destroyed, and he also acknowledges "that the tree was of
singular growth, beautiful, and a high ornament to the parsonage
grounds;'' but it seems that the storms of last winter "agitated his
feelings," and he was " alarmed lest some of the lofty and majestic
branches might descend upon the roof and involve him in the ruins."
He also allows that the elms, under whose shade Cowper had so often
meditated, " were stately and umbrageous ; but they had arrived at
maturity, and I felt myself justified in converting their value into
necessary repairs." In short, he seems to have resolved to leave no
vestige of the poet which could possibly induce any stranger to intrude
upon his privacy, or any visitor to encroach upon his hospitality.
His more proper course would have been to resign the rectory of
Berkhampstead.
Bishop's Stortford.
[1795, Part II., pp. 892, 893.]
The Grammar School at Bishop's Stortford . . . was about the
middle of the present century suffered to fall into such a state of
decay as to furnish a pretext for pulling down the building in order
to save the trust the charge of repairing it. It was the custom of this
Bishop's Stortjora. 221
school for every scholar at quitting it to present the library with some
book, by which means that collection was become extremely valuable,
both on account of the number and eltgance of its volumes. This
library is at present taken care of by my worthy and learned friend
Dr. Dimsdale, of Bishop's Stortford, who gratuitously gives it room in
his house, and but for whose pious concern for this venerable
repository it would soon in all probability have become a prey to
avarice, and been sold by the pound to the grocers and chandlers of
the town. It was founded by Mr. Thomas Leigh, as I find by the
MS. records of the school, where his donation is entered in the
following words :
"Tho. Leigh, A. M. e coll. Christi Cant, anno 1621, et schote
Stortfordiensis ai> eo anno ad presentem 1664, archididascalus, non
solum propriis impensis bitjlotht-cam construi et ornari curavit, et
libris (qui in hoc catalogo recensentur) locupletandam turn et alumnis
turn et amicis impetravit eonim etiam libros proxime frequentes, pro
suo et literas amore et ut aliis exemplo esset, largitus est."
Then follows a list of the books he gave, to the amount of several
hundred volumes, many of which are extremely rare and of early
dates.
" Guil. Leigh, fil. natii max. proedicti magtri Tho. Leigh, et schola;
Stortf. alumnus, coll. Christi Cant, socius, & academice procurator
electus, donavit.
" Demosthenis, [etc., etc., to the number likewise of some
hundreds].
"Tho. Leigh, fil. natu proxirnis prredicti mtri Tho. Leigh.
Jacobus Leigh, fil. tertius, scholre hujus alumnus, etc. Johan.
Leigh, fil. quartus praedicti M. Tho. Leigh."
The successive benefactors, with their respective donations, then
regularly follow down to the year 1745.
In the same book too are entered the names of the reverend clergy
who preached the anniversary sermon during a period of near a
century.
In Knight's "Life of Dean Colet," Svo., 1724, p. 428, I find the
following paragraph :
"Thomas Tooke, D.D., born at Dover, in Kent, was bred under
Dr. Thomas Gale, master of St. Paul's School, from under whose care
he was removed to Corpus Christi, or Ben'et College, in Cambridge,
where he became fellow of that society, and continued so many
years. He afterwards became master of Bishop-Stortford School in
Hertfordshire, which, by his great industry and happy way of teach-
ing and governing, he raised to very great fame : so that for many
years it flourished among the very best in the kingdom, and sent out
many excellent scholars. It still continues to keep up an anniversary,
or school-feast, for the gentlemen educated therein. The present
Archbishop of York (Sir William Dawes), the Rev. Dr. Robert
222 Hertfordsh ire.
Mosse, Dean of Ely, Dr. Nicholas Clagett, now Archdeacon of
Bucks, etc., have honoured these meetings by preaching on that
occasion. After refusing the public schools of Norwich and Bury, he
died at Bishop-Stortford in the year 1720. Having by his will given
to Ben'et College, aforementioned, after a certain number of years,
the perpetuity of the rectory of Lambourn in Essex, where he hail
an estate, as also the living of Braxted Magna, in Essex."
In the archives of the school he thus appears :
'• D. Thomas Tooke, S. T. P. Collegii Corporis Christ! quondam
socius, postea ecclesise parochialis de Lambourn in agro Essex rector,
scholar rle Stortford ep'i per xxx & amplius ann. archididascalus
dignissimus simul ac felicissimus ; qui cum literis & moribus bonis
juventutae erudiendae & formandae aetatem contriverit, ut post
mortem etiam rei literariae consuleret & studiosis prodesset, decem
libras ad augendum armarium scholae suae, & viginti solidos quo-
tannis pro concione ad annuum festum scholarium habenda extremis
testamentis legavit, quam quidem summam si quo anno nulluin
festum agerent scholaris libris coemendis in usum bibliothecae scholae
suae impend! jussit.
Qui donatione coempta sunt
1738. Phavorini Lexicon Graec. fol.
Cyrilli, Philoxeni, aliorumque glossaria."
Over the chimney in the apartment allotted to the books by the
favour of Dr. Dimsdale are two portraits in oil, which formerly hung
up in the schools, one of the aforementioned Thomas Leigh — black
coat, straight hair and broad band — under which are the following
verses : [Omitted.]
The other portrait is that of the above-named Dr. Tho. Tooke,
in a large flowing wig, band, and modern clerical habit, without any
inscription. VICINUS.
[1795, Part II., p. 1070.]
Bishop's Stortford School appears to have been founded about 20
Elizabeth, in whose reign most of these substitutes to that advantage
arising from the religious houses for the education of youth were
founded and endowed. Mr. Deane, of London, left the first £$
towards erecting it ; but the building was not erected till the com-
mencement of the present century, by contributions of the gentlemen
of Herts and Essex, at the request of the late master, Dr. Tooke ;
though, as your correspondent informs us, a library was founded and
finished above fifty years before by another master. This school-
house stood in the High Street with the west front to the churchyard,
consisting of three rooms, which, with the staircase, made a square
building for a grammar school, and took up one-quarter of it, all the
front to the street ; the other two were a library and writing-school.
Bishop's Stortford. 223
These stood upon arches, under which were the market and shops,
the property of the parish; and the library was well furnished by the
diligence of the masters. (Salmon, "Herts," p. 175.) Your cor-
respondent can, perhaps, tell you how this useful institution fell into
disuse since the decease of Dr. Tooke in 1720 or 1721, who, by his
diligence and skill in teaching, had raised the school to great repute,
and acquired a considerable fortune ;* .or of Mr. Hazeland, in 175 — ,
who gained one of the prizes at Cambridge — and where the duties of
the school are now performed. But so it came to pass, that Mr.
Adderley, late master of the Crown at Hokeril, got the building
removed as a nuisance, for the making of the river Stort navigable. . . .
Trustees of charities in great towns, at a short distance from the
metropolis, are rarely sufficiently permanent to be respectable or
sufficiently attentive to the interests of the town. Thus the emolu-
ment of its endowment falls into the hands of persons ill adapted to
support them with credit to themselves or their employers ; the
benefits intended to arise from them to the inhabitants are so
unequal, that the great charge of education falls on any man who
possesses the smallest ability or inclination to take it ; and the
poor prefer paying the man of their choice to receiving the rudiments
of learning free from him whom their betters force upon them.
VICINUS ALTER.
[1798, Part I., p. 493.]
"To the memory of THOMAS ADDERLEY, esq., who died April i, 1774, in the
67th year of his age, and his wife, in a vault in middle aile opposite this monu-
ment, lie was equally zealous to serve his friends and promote the public utility :
upon that principle he first suggested the idea of making the river Stort navigable
up to this town, in which he had resided more than 45 years ; and was principally
concerned in obtaining the laws necessary for that purpose. He lived to see the
good effect of these services in respect to the publick ; and the proprietors of the
navigation were so sensible of the benefit of his advice throughout the course of
that arduous undenaking, that they were never wanting, as well before as since
the completion of it, to pay him the respect due to his zeal, and to express their
thankful acknowledgements."
Arms : A. on a bend g. 3 crosses pattee a. between 3 talbots'
heads s.
Crest : a crane.
Thus is commemorated in the parish church of Bishop's Stortford
a man who, while he showed himself a public benefactor in one
instance, bears the whole reproach of having defeated the benevolent
intentions of others, by destroying " the famous grammar school " of
the same town ; so that not a trace or drawing of it remains to
gratify any of its grateful alumni.
Brent Pelham.
[1852, Part /., //. 444.446.]
The sepulchral monument here represented, though in some
respects peculiar, is perhaps less remarkable in itself than for the
* " History of Ben'et College, Cambridge," p. 190.
224 Hertfordshire.
legendary stories that have been built upon it, and for the attention
it has received from several of our by-gone antiquaries. It was first
noticed by Weever, in his "Funerall Monuments," in the following
terms (edit. 1631, p. 549; edit. 1767, p. 316) :
" Burnt Pel ham.
" In the wall of this church lieth a most ancient monument : a
s'one whereon is figured a man, and about him an Eagle, a Lion,
and a Bull, having all win?s, and a fourth of the shape of an Angell,
as if they should represent the four Evangelists : under the fe^t of
the man is a crosse fleurie, and under the crosse a serpent. He is
thought to have been some time the lord of an ancient decaied
house, well moated, not farre from this place, called O Piers
Shocnkes. He flourished Ann. a eonqnestu ricesimo primo."
The monument is not noticed by Sir Henry Chauncey, the first
historian of the county ; but Mr. Nathaniel Salmon, in his " History
of Hertfordshire," folio, 1728, for the sake of "a little amusement,"
entered into a longer discussion upon the subject than we can afford
to extract entire. He says, " The figure is such as I should have
expected for the founder of a church, fitted to lie in the niche of a
wall, as many founders do." He suggests that it may have belonged
to the more ancient church, which stood before the fire in Henry I.'s
reign, which gave the parish its name of Brent Pelham ; adding that
" the niche it lies in now is an old door-place." Yet he afterwards
conjectures that the monument is no older than the son of a man
who lived in the reign of Edward I. One Gilbert Sank occurs in the
Exchequer Rolls as suffering a distress, made by his feudal lord,
Simon de Furneaux, at Pelham Arsa in 16 Edward I., and that
Gilbert, he suggests, might be the father of Piers ; and if, instead of
"anno a conquestu 21 " we were to read 221, "it suits well enough
with the distress to a year. And who knows but Peter might recover
the right the very same year his father lost it?"
Who knows ? Such conjectures might be more "amusing" to Mr.
Nathaniel Salmon than they could prove edifying to his readers, and
his conjectural emendation was after all rather hastily made, as,
though it was calculated to meet Weever's date, it could not so
readily coincide with the direct assertion of the inscription, which
stated that O Piers Shonkes "died anno 1086." Salmon appears,
however, to have made a prouable guess at the author of that inscrip-
tion. He says : "The writing is said to have been done by a vicar
about 100 years ago, perhaps the long-lived Keen." This was
Raphael Keen, who died in 1614, after having been Vicar of Brent
Pelham for the very extraordinary peiiod of seventy-five years and
six months — that is, from a period antecedent to the Reformation.
That the re-erection of the monument was the act of this venerable
parson is very probable indeed, for the tomb is of brickwork; the
Brent Pelham. 225
style of its construction and of the arch above is Elizabethan ; and
so are the lines, both Latin and English. The whole is evidently of
post-Reformation arrangement ; and where the gravestone lay before
it was raised on the altar-tomb one may conjecture, but, as Mr.
Salmon would have said — who can tell ?
Mr. Salmon " asks permission to finish this nisi prius argument
with the relation given me by an old. farmer in the parish, who
valued himself for having been born in the air that Shonk breathed.
He saith, Shonk was a giant that dwelt in this parish, who fought
with a giant of Barkway named Cadmus, and worsted him ; upon
which Barkway hath paid a quit-rent to Pelham ever since. So that
Horace's rule is at Pelham still observed :
"'Aut famam sequere, aut sibi convenientia finge.' "
So much for the pleasant fooling of Master Nathaniel Salmon. It
has already been seen that there was a family resident at Pelham
named Sank or Shonk, and it is evident that the fame of one of
them, which lingered about his old moated manor-house, was con-
nected by the villagers with this sculptured gravestone. " There
stands," says Salmon, "a barn upon some ground moated in, called
still by the name of Shonks Barn. Shonks pays castle-guard to the
bishop at Stortford. There is another place called Shonks on the
edge of Harlow in Essex."
The monument was noticed by Mr. Gough in his " Sepulchral
Monuments," vol. i., p. 89 ; by Mr. Brayley in the " Beauties of
England and Wales" (Hertfordshire, 8vo., 1808); in the "Anti-
quarian Itinerary," September, 1816, with an engraving from a
drawing by F. W. L. Stockdale (the inscription being that of Brayley
repeated) ; and by Mr. Clutterbuck, in his "History of Hertfordshire,"
vol. iii., p. 451. Mr. G>>ugh contents himself with repeating the
statements of former writers; Mr. Brayley terms the design a
"symbolical representation of the triumph of Christianity ;" and Mr.
Clutterbuck does little more than Mr. Gough, except that he adopts
Salmon's suggestion that the stone " was removed from the chancel
of the old church, which was burned down in the reign of King
Henry I." He adds, hcwever, a note of the circumstance that one
Peter Shonke occurs as a witness to a deed dated at Clavering in
Essex in the 21 Edwar.l III.
Mr. Brayley gives another version of the legendary stories of the
villagers, that "this symbolical representation of the triumph of
Christianity was probably the origin of a traditional tale concerning
the person buried here, and which represents him as having so
offended the devil by killing a serpent, that his Highness threatened
to secure him, whether buried within or without the walls of a
church ; to avoid which, he was deposited in the wall itself." Mr.
Brayley adds, that, "Whatever might have given rise to the tradition,
VOL. xvn. 15
226 Hertfordshire.
it would seem that O'Shonkes was a character much venerated, as
the buttresses on the outside of the churches, which formed the
place of his sepulture, are marked with crosses ;" but if such crosses
are to be seen without the church, are they not those which have
been left at the solemnity of consecration, which are sometimes still
to be discovered in such positions?
After all, there is no great mystery in the design represented on
the gravestone. The upper portion exhibits, as Weever says, the
symbols of the four evangelists ; but the figure in the centre of them
is not a man ; it is an angel bearing to heaven the soul of the
deceased, which is represented in the ordinary mediaeval way as a
small naked human being, with his hands in prayer, carried in a
sheet. In the centre of the stone is a quatrefoil flower, which might
be supposed to be nothing but mere ornament ; but if taken in
connection with the other flower, which pierces the serpent's head
(though they are not absolutely united), it may be regarded as a
variety of the cross-dory, and so far (as Mr. Brayley described it) as a
symbolical representation of the triumph of Christianity — a variety of
the same symbol which was usually exhibited in the images of St.
Michael, St. George, and St. Margaret. It is, in fact, a modification
of a common form of Early-English foliage, here used to engraft the
cross upon the dragon; and from the character of this portion of the
design its date may be placed about A.D. 1200-25. See Mr.
Boutcll's comprthens've work on "Christian Monuments," in which
this monument at Brent Pelham receives a passing allusion at
pp. 77, 104.
The drawings from which the present engravings have been taken
were made by the late Thomas Fisher, Esq., F.S.A., whose services
as a draughtsman to the ecclesiastical antiquities of Bedfordshire are
well known.
Broxbourne.
[1808, Part /., //. 497, 498.]
Broxbourne Church is situate about a mile and a half from
Hoddesdon, between the great road and the River Lea ; it contains
three aisles, one of which was built by Sir William Siy; it is
appropriated to the peculiar use of the Bishop of London, who is the
pUron ot it ; but this parish is exempt from the jurisdiction of the
Bishop and Archdeacon of the Diocese, and pays no procurations
nor synodals.
The church has a square tower with a short spire upon it, erected
at the west end ; and it has a good ring of five bells. The cemetery
on the north side is bounded by the New River, which glides slowly
along, seeming to leave with regret the source from which it flows.
The great attempt to join two streams in Middlesex and Hertford-
shire for the supply of the Metropolis was first granted by an Act of
Broxbourne. 227
Parliament in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, who allowed ten years
for the performance ; but her death happening shortly alter put an
end to the intended attempt. However, in the time of James I. Sir
Hugh Middleton, a rich citizen of London, undertook to bring the
river from Chadwell and Amwell, near Ware, to the north side of
London, near Islington, where a large reservoir was built to receive
it. The work was begun February 20, 1608, and completed in
1613; but Sir Hugh expended his whole fortune in the undertaking.
The river in all its windings is thirty-eight miles three-quarters and
sixteen poles long, and is under the direction of a corporation, called
The New River Company.
The parish to which this church belongs was anciently called
Brookesbourne, or Brochesborne, from the river, and is thus
mentioned in Domesday Book :
In Hertford hundred. Adcliz, uxor Hugonis de Grentmaisnill,
tenuit Brochesboume, pro quinq' hidis et dimid' se defendebat.
Terra est sex car. in dominio tres hid' et tres virgat' et ibi est una
car' ; ibi quatuor vill", cum presbytero, et uno socmano, et duobus
bord' habentibus quinq' car1; ibi duo servi et unus molin' de octo
sol' ; pratum sex sol', et quatuor sol' de fino pastura ad pecud', sylva
cc pore'. In totis valent valet quatuor lib' quando recepit LX sol'.
Tempore Regis Edwardi septeni lib'. Hoc manerium tenuit Stigan
Archiepiscopus, et ibi fuit unus Socmanus homo et prepositus
ejusdem Archiepisc', dim' hid' et vendere potuit. . . .
The village is situate about five miles and a half south of Ware,
and the same distance from Hertford. . . .
As the town of Hoddesdon stands partly in this parish, it may not
be amiss in this place to say a few words concerning it.
The hamlet of Hoddesdon stands upon a small eminence on the
highroad, about a mile and a half to the north-west of Broxbourne,
in which parish part of it stands, and the other part in Amwell.
It is, however, a separate manor ; for in 6 Edward I. Stephen de
Bassinburne claimed, by the grants of King John, free warren,
gallows and waifr, and a park by ancient custom, without grant, in
Hoddesdon, in the county of Hertford ; and also jurisdiction of Leet
and Court Baron, all of which were allowed.
The manor of Base was formerlv distinct from that of Hoddesdon;
and in the time of Edward IV. belonged to Sir William S.iy ; but
since that period it has passed with the manor of Hoddesdon to
the lords of the latter. . . .
Queen Elizabeth by charter granted a grammar-school to be kept
in Hoddesdon, and incorporated it with some other privileges.
A chapel was once erected for the ease of the inhabitants in the
middle of the town, which was situate in the parishes of Amwell and
Broxbourne, and the inhabitants of both parishes residing in the
town formerly kept it in repair ; but, through neglect, it became so
J5— 2
228 Hertfordshire.
ruinous that it was pulled down, and nothing remains but the clock-
house, which is kept for the convenience of the inhabitants.
The lords of Broxbourne manor are entitled to Leet and Court
Baron. J. H. WIFFEN.
[1809, Part II., p. 926.]
It may be remembered by some of your readers that a corre-
spondent, under the signature of " A Modern," in his strictures on
Mr. Wiffen's description of Hoddesdon, laments that Mr. Wiffen
should have omitted to notice " the famous Thatched House, where
Isaac Walton and his friend Sir H. Wotton used to regale them-
selves, after having reaped some amusement at least from the water."
This remark induced a gentleman, whose taste in collecting books,
and whose friendly disposition is well known, to call my attention to
it by the following letter :
Reading, Sept. 15, 1808.
"SiR, — Ever anxious for the success of your Walton, allow me to
inform you that in the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for August, p. 679,
there is an account of a Thatched House at Hoddesdon, famous as
the place where Isaac Walton, and his friend Sir H. Wotton, used
to regale themselves. Probably you may think it worth adding to
the ornaments of your Book.
" If you engrave the Autograph of Walton's name,* I should have
no objection to your mentioning its being in my possession, as
probably it might biing me acquainted with more admirers of
Walton.
" I am, Sir, your most obedient Servant.
" W. S. H.
" P.S. — I shall try my utmost to bring your Walton into favour
with my friends."
I was induced, soon after this, to visit Hoddesdon, in company
with the artist to whom the public are indebted for the views of Pike
Pool and the Fishing House in the seventh edition of "The Complete
Angler "; and, being desirous of giving to the public a view of this
noted thatched house, I anxiously sought for information in the
town, but failed in ascertaining the identical building ; some informa-
tion, however, leading me to suppose, and the charming dialogue in
Walton's work corroborating the idea, that a thatched house, once
known by the sign of the Buffalo's Head, situated at the extreme
end of Hoddesdon, on the road to Ware, and now occupied by a
person of the name of Prior, was the very house, a view was taken
of it. Now, if " A Modern,11 or any other of your correspondents, can
* Alluding to an autograph of " Iz. Wa." attached to a copy of the " Lives,"
which Mr. H. had obligingly lent me, but which was not used, on account of Mr.
Hawkins's having additional words.
Broxbourne. 229
establish this information, I propose to have the view engraved, as
an additional embellishment to the favourite work by the " Father of
Angling."
SAMUEL BAGSTER.
[1810, Fart 1., p. 439.]
In your last volume, p. 926, I solicited information rejecting the
house at Hoddesdon called by Walton "The Thatched House." I
have been since favoured with the following communication : " I
have had a peep at the Court Rolls, from the year 1714 to the
present time; the Cottage is there described as a messuage or
tenement, orchard, and appurtenances, called or known by the
name of Whitelands. It is now a thatched cottage (heretofore
called the Buffalo's Head), in the occupation of William Prior ; but
it has never been described on the Court Rolls otherwise than as
above. The Thatched House appears to me to have been accidentally
so designated by its Town visitors ; and thence, for greater clearness
and legal precision, it might have been introduced in subsequent
writings, when possibly the place was better known by the new than
by the old name. I judge this must have been the case, because
Mr. assured me that it was in the writings lately conveyed
called The Thatched House, or Cottage ; and as there is not a
vestige of any other in the neighbourhood it is probable to have
been the one in question."
But yet I conceive that I have not arrived at such entire satisfac-
tion as the nature of the case admits ; and I sincerely hope that
some well-informed brother of the angle, who resides on the spot,
will take the trouble to ascertain the point more clearly, so that I
may be able with propriety to present an engraving ot it to the
public as the " Thatched House " spoken of in Walton's " Complete
Angler."
SAMUEL BAGSTER.
Cheshunt.
[1790, Part II., pp. 618, 619 ]
If the enclosed Epitaphs, collected from Chesh'int Churchyard by
a Traveller while his dinner was dressing, will entertain your readers,
or correct your obituary, they are at your service.
"In memory of Mr. EDMUND SOUTH,* who departed this life January II, 1784,
aged 66 years."
[Inscription omitted.]
"Also Mr. EDMUND SOUTH, son of the above, who departed this life January
21, 1779, aged 27 years."
* An eminent dancing-master.
230 Hi rtfordsh ire.
On an altar-tomb :
" In memory of GEORGE BARNE, Esq., who departed this life March 14, 1780,
age 67."
[Inscription omitted.]
"In memory of JAMES CRAIG, Esq., who departed this life the 2Oth of April,
1789, aged 64 years."
" In memory of Mrs. MARY STOW, widow, who died izth March, 1788, aged
82 years."
On a head-stone :
"Sacred to the memory of the Rev. THOMAS GRIFFIN, B.D., who died
March 24, 1788, aged 32."
" ELEANOR LANG, died June 13, 1785, aged 13 years. WILLIAM, her brother,
died I3th January, 1786, aged 2 years. MARY, their sister, died 31 January, 1788,
aged 13."
[Inscription omitted.]
On an altar-tomb supporting a pyramid, with urns at the four
corners, and on it a chevron between three owls, impaling, paly of
six on a bend three estoiles :
" Here lyeth the body of MARY PRESCOTT, daughter of GEORGE PRESCOTT,
Esq., and MARY, his wile, of '1 heobalds Park, in this parish, who departed this
life the 2d of November, 1775, in ihe 2oth year of her age."
On an altar-tomb :
" Beneath are deposited the remains of ELIZABETH, daughter of JOHN FIELD,
citizen and apothecary of London, who died December 9, 1781, aged 23 years."
Arms, a chevron engrailed between three gerbes, impaling a lion
rampant.
" Here lieth the body of SARAH ETHERIXGHAM, widow, who died March 3,
1/86, in the "5th year of her age."
[Inscription omitted.]
"To the memory of PHEBE WALLIS, who departed this life Dec. 18, 1778,
aged 2 years and 2 months."
[Inscription omitted.]
" In memory of Mr. JOHN MORRICE, who died February 13, 1788, aged 49
years."
" In memory of Mr. JOHN COOKE, cooper and citizen of London. He died
3 March, 1785, aged 75 years."
"Here are to lie the remains of THOMAS and REBECCA PALMER, who en-
deavoured so to live as to obtain a happy resurrection. He died the 3ist day
of August, 1789, age 83 years. She died the 1 8th day ot May, 1782, aged 76
years."
"Within this church lies the body of Mrs. SARAH PALMER, their only daughter.
. . . She died in April, 1766, in the 34th year of her age. Be ready, the present
time is only yours."
" Here lieih the remains of Mr. JOHN BUSH, of Oxford, who died 27 November,
1783, aged 42."
[Inscription omitted.]
On the base of a pyramid, on which is a saltire engrailed, charged
Cheshunt.
with a shield of pretence, in an orfe of cinqfoils; crest, a muzzled
bear, and by the lower side of this coat the escutcheon of pretence
single, and the saltire engrailed, impaling a pelican vulning herself.
On the east side :
" In a vault umler this monument is deposited a!l that is mortal of JOHN ASH-
FORDBV, Esq., late of this parish, who died February 25, 1747, aged 70 years.
As an instance of I lie regard and esteem he bears to ihe memory of the best oi
fathers, JOHN ASHFORDBY, his son, erected this monument."
On tne north side :
"Also here lies deposited all that is mortal of Mrs FRANCES ASHFORUIIY,
relict of JOHN ASUFOKDUY, Esq., who died 10 April, 1774, aged 86 yeirs."
On the west side :
"Also near this place is interred MARY ASHFORDBY, first wife of the said JOHN
ASHFORDKY, who died 17 April, 1717, aged 39 years. Also two childien by bic
last wife, FRANCES ASHFORUUY, who both died in their infancy. "
On the south side :
"In memory of the late JOHN ASHKORDBY, Esq. ... He departed this life
Sept. 30, 1778, aged 52 years."
"JOHN CARTIEK, Esq., died January 25, 17/4, aged 89 years. MARY, his wife,
died June 21, 1782, aged 86 years."
"In this vault aie interred the body of Mrs. MARY CHOI. MI. EV,* who died 30
July, 1764, aged 76 years. Also her daughter MARY, tne wife of WILLIAM
TATNALL, of Theobalds, who died 17 March, 1771, aged 68 years. Likewis-e
WILLIAM TATNALL, the husband of the said MARY, who died Nov. 21, 1785,
aged 75 years."
" Here rests al! that was mortal of the late reverend, learned, and pious JOHN
MASON, M.A. ,t who was minister of the congregation of 1'roiestant Di^eiuers in
this pari>h 17 years. He ceased from his labour*, and wa-. called to receive his
reward, February the loih, 1763, aged 58 years. . . . Ana MAKV, his wife, died
the 8th of May, 1771 ; aged 72.
On wood :
"WILLIAM WILLIAMS, died Sept. 24, 1782, aged 21 years."
[Inscription omitted. J
"URSULA, daughter of RICHARD and URSULA BRETT, died June 30, 1777,
aged 12 years. ANN, her sister, died June 3. 1780, aged 3 years and 7 week
KlCHAKD (their father) died July 5, 1/83, aged 49 years."
[Inscription omitted.]
"SARAH JONES, wife of THOMAS JONKS, of Enfield, Middlesex, gent., nnd
daughur of Air. I'HINEAS PATISHULL, who died 21 June, 1785, aged 34. SI.e
lived beloved, and died lamented."
"JosEPH PATISHUI, of Leominster, Herefordshire, died M..y 3, 1764, aged 76.
PHINEHAS I'ATISHUL, his son, of Fenchurch street, London, died 31 December,
1771, aged 56 years."
"Mrs. SARAH LINDOK, wife of Mr. DAVID LINDOE, died January 31, 1789,
aged 23 years."
* She was aunt to the late John llowaid, Eoq.
t Author of "Self Knowledge," "The I .urn's Day Evening Kirertaiwmen!,'1 a
set of practical sermons, in MX or eight volumes, and other excell. nt wvik».
Hertfordshire.
Against the north wall of the church :
"In memory of Mrs. KATHARINE YOUNG, who departed this life January 13,
1743. aged 54 years. . . . Also the body of JOSHUA YOUNG, M.D., who departed
this life the 3d of August, 1753, in the 64ih year of his age. Also the body of
Mrs. ANNE YOUNG, who departed this life the 3Oth of Sept., 1755, aged 55 years."
[1836, Part I., pp. 147 154.]
The magnificent Palace of Theobalds, the favourite suburban
retreat of the two first monarchs of the family of Stuart, stood in
the parish of Cheshunt, at the distance of twelve miles from London,
and a little to the north of the road to Ware. The origin of the name
does not appear, and it has not occurred in the researches of the
topographer at an earlier date than the year 1441, when the manor
of Thebaudes was granted out by the Crown to the hospital of St.
Anthony in London. Other manors in Cheshunt, some of which
were afterwards united to it, were called after their owners, from
whose successive surnames they derived a variety of aliases, as
may be seen in the pages of Lysons and Clutterbuck ; and it is
therefore probable that Theobald was the name of an owner, but
at what period earlier than the reign of Henry VI. does not now
appear.
The manor probably reverted to the Crown at the suppression of
religious foundations, and the late historian of Hertfordshire* has
detailed its subsequent passage through the names of Bedyl, Burbage,
and Ellyott, until, on June 10, 1563, it was purchased by Sir William
Cecil, afterwards the great Lord Burghley.
The original manor-house is supposed to have been on a small
moated site, the traces of which are still visible in Sir George
Prescott's park.f In 1570 Sir William Cecil increased the estate}
by an important addition, which is thus mentioned in his Diary:
"May 15. I purchased Chesthunt Park of Mr. Harryngton." He
now, if not before, must have been proceeding in earnest with his
new mansion, as in September of the following year his Royal
Mistress honoured it with a visit (which will be more particularly
noticed hereafter), and she was presented with a "portrait of the
house."
Lord Burghley was not the least sumptuous in architecture among
* Clutterbuck's " Herts," vol. ii., p. 87.
t Lysons's " Environs of London," vol. iv., p. 71.
t Lord Burghley's Hertfordshire estates, enumerated in his inquisition post-
mortem, are as follow : Man<v of Theobalds, alias Tong-i ; manors and lordships
of Clayes, Darcyes, Cresbroke", Clarks, Corlings alias Collings, Perriers, and
Beaumont Hall ; Cheshunt Parke, or Brantingeshey ; the manors and farms of
Baa's, Hodesdon Bury, and Goldings ; the manor, capital messuage, and farm
called Barnetts, in Brokesborne, Hodiiesdon, and Amwel; the Black Lion Inn, in
Hoddesdon ; Curste Marshes, near Hoddesdon ; and ihe site of the dissolved
priory, called Lady Sweetman s Croft, or Cheshunt Nunnery. The annual value
of the whole was only £25. — Peck's "Desiderata Curiosa," pp. 190, 197.
Cheshunt. 233
a nobility which produced so many magnificent palaces. The author
of his contemporary biography (printed in Peck's "Desiderata
Curiosa ") says : " He buylt three houses : one in London for
necessity ; another at Burghley, of computency for the mansion
of his Barony ; and another at Waltham [this of Theobalds], for
his younger sonne; which, at the first, he meant but for a little
pile, as I have hard him saie, but, after he came to enterteyne the
Quene so often there, he was inforced to enlarge it, rather for the
Quene and her greate traine, and to sett poore on worke, than for
pompe or glory ; for he ever said it wold be to big for the small
living he cold leave his sonne. The other two are but convenient,
and no bigger than will serve for a nobleman : all of them perfected,
convenient, and to better purpose for habitation than manie others
buylt by great noblemen ; being all bewtiful, uniform, necessary, and
well seated ; which are greate arguments of his wisdome and judg-
ment. He greatlie delighted in making gardens, fountaines, and
walks ; which at Theobalds were perfected most costly, bewtyfully,
and pleasantly ; while one might walk twoe myle in the walks before
he came to their ends." . . .
That the Lord Treasurer's expenditure in building was very large
was sufficiently notorious; and the Queen herself is said to have
condescended to rally him upon the subject, remarking " that his
head and her purse could do anything." This witticism was of course
uttered after his preferment to the post of Treasurer.*
As Lord Burghley had built this mansion expressly for his younger
son, he was evidently inclined, some years before his death, to give
up the possession to Sir Robert ; but some opposition was made to
this proposal by the Queen, as appears from some humorous sallies
both on the part of her Majesty and of her " Hermit," as the
secretary was pleased to style himself (the further notice of which
must be deferred), and it is clear that the longer purse of the Lord
* At her Majesty's visit to Theobalds, in 1583, as stated in the "Progresses of
Queen Elizabeth," vol. ii., p. 404. Mr. Peck (" Desiderata," p. 233), in his
account of Burghley House (by Stamford), after describing the view in the inner
court as "surprisingly entertaining," adds, "And here perhaps it was that Queen
Elizabeth, when she first came to see the house, told the Lord Burghley that his
head and her purse could do anything. The upper seat on the left-hand side of
the chapel is still called Queen Elizabeth's seat, as being the place where she always
sat to hear service when she came to Burghley." But, as will be shown hereafter,
these Elizabethan royal visits were by no means such every-day occurrences ; and
the Queen, though once entertained by Sir William Cecil at Stamford, certainly
never was at Burghley. The original authority for the anecdote does not appear ;
but another of the Queen's gracious pleasantries towards her favourite minister is
thus related in Fuller's "Worthies of England": "Coming once to visit him,
being sick of the goute at Burltry house, in the Strand, and being much heightened
with her head attire (then in fashion), the Lord's servant who conducted her
thorow the door, 'May your Highness,' said he, 'be pleased to stoop.' The
Queen returned, ' For your Master's sake, I will stoop ; but not for the King of
Spain's.' "
234 Hertfordshire.
Treasurer was requisite to maintain the house and the establishment,
which had both been increased for her Majesty's pleasure. . . .
On the decease of Lord Burghley, August 4, 1598, his son, Sir
Robert Cecil, became the possessor of Theobalds and the neigh-
bouring estates, pursuant to indenture dated June 16, 29 Eliz.
(1577).*
The Earl of Salisbury (as he shortly became after the accession of
King James), having captivated his royal master with ihe charms of
Theobalds, particularly in two sumptuous entertainments given to his
Majesty, on his first arrival in England, and on the visit of his
brother in-law the King of Denmark, was very shortly after the latter
festivity induced to exchange it for the palace of Hatfield ; where
(being now himself Lord Treasurer, and thus in possession, like his
father, of the strings of the royal purse !) he commenced building a
mansion of perhaps still greater magnificence, and which has stood
unaltered (except by the recent partial fire) to our own days. By
deed, dated May 14, 5 Jac. I., he conveyed to James, Earl of Dorset,
High Treasurer, and others, Commissioners, " the manor of Theo-
balds, alias Tongs," etc., and other manors, with "all that capital
messuage and appurtenances called by the name of Theobalds
House, with all banqueting and other buildings, gardens, and
orchards thereunto belonging ; also, all those two parks or inclosed
grounds known by the name of Theobalds Park, and the other by
the name of Cheshunt Park, otherwise Brantingshall Park," etc., to
hold to them, their heirs, and assigns for ever, upon trust, that they,
before the ensuing Michaelmas, should convey them to the King, his
heirs and successors for ever.
The exchange was ratified by an Act of Parliament, the preamble
of which is as follows :
" Whereas the Mansion-house of Theobalds, in the county of
Hertford, being the inheritance of Robert Earl of Salisbury, as well
for situation in a good and open aire, and for the large and good lie
buildings, and delight of the gardens, walkes, and park replenished
with redd fallowe deere, as alsoe for the neereness to the cittie of
London northward, and to his Majesties Forest of Waltham Chase
and Parke of Enfield, with the comoditie of a navigable river falling
into the Thames, is a place soe convenient for his Majesties princely
sportes and recreation, and so commodious for the residence of his
Highnes Court and entertaynment of forrayne Princes or their
ambassadors, upon all occasions, as his Majesty hath taken great
likinge thereunto ; of which the said Earle having taken particular
knowledge, although it be the only dwelling-house left unto him by
his father, most willinglie, and dutifullie, made offer thereof unto his
Highnes, with any such other his manors and lands thereabouts as
should be thought fit for his Majesty's use, preferring therein his
* Lord Burleigh's will, in Peck's " Desiderata," p. 192.
Cheshunt. 235
Majesty's health and contentation before any private respecte of his
owne ; which offer his Majesty hath gratiously forborne to accepte,
without a full and princely recompence to the said Earl,1' etc.
The Earl of Salisbury gave up possession on May 22, 1607, with a
poetical entertainment written by Ben Jonson. In this " the Queen "
was supposed to receive the palace, perhaps with the view of its
becoming her dowager-house had she survived King James. How-
ever, Theobalds became his principal country residence throughout
the whole of his reign, and it was here he breathed his last on
March 27, 1625. Windsor was at that period never visited, except
to hold the feasts of the Order of the Garter ; Richmond, which had
been a favourite palace of Elizabeth, was given up to the Prince of
Wales ; Hampton Court was occasionally resorted to, but the
attractions of Waltham Forest gave Theobalds by far the preference
in the eyes of the silvan monarch.
After taking possession, King James enlarged the park by enclosing
part of the adjoining chase, and surrounded it with a wall of brick
measuring 10 miles in circumference ; part of which on the north,
containing the eighth milestone, remains in the gardens of Albury
House.
King Charles I. continued to reside here ; and there is an interest-
ing picture, representing an interior view of the gallery in perspective,
into which the King and Henrietta Maria are entering at a door,
ushered by the brother Earls of Pembroke and Montgomery, each
with his wand of office, the former as Lord Steward, and the latter as
Lord Chamberlain, of the King's household. Waiting in the gallery
stands the dwarf Jeffery Hudson, with three of King Charles's
favourite spaniels, and a parroquet is perched on a balustrade. . . .*
When the sale of Crown lands was in agitation in 1649, it was at
first resolved that Theobalds should be excepted,t but it was after-
wards determined that it should be sold. In the following year the
surveyors reported that the palace was an excellent building, in very
good repair, by no means fit to be demolished, and that it was worth
^200 per annum, exclusive of the park ; yet, lest the Parliament
should think proper to have it taken down, they had estimated the
materials, and found them to be worth ^8,275 us. The calculations
of the surveyors were more acceptable than their advice, and conse-
quently the greater part of the palace was taken down to the ground,
and the money arising from the sale of the materials was divided
among the army.
The Survey affords a circumstantial description of the several
* This curious picture is at Hinton St. George, the seat of Earl Foulett, in
Somersetshire.
t Whiilocke's " Memorials," p. 411. This was in the month of June. The
subject was again debated July 12 ; and in the Act which soon after passed Theo-
balds does not occur among the houses to be reserved from sale.— " Perfect
Summary," July 23-30, 1649.
236 Hertfordshire.
portions and apartments of the palace.* It consisted of two principal
quadrangles, besides the Dial Court, the Buttery Court, and the
Dovehouse Court, in which the offices were situated. The Fountain
Court, so called from a fountain of black and white marble in the
centre, was a quadrangle of 86 feet square, on the east side of which
was a cloister 8 feet wide, with seven arches. On the ground-floor
of this quadrangle was a spacious hall, paved with Purbeck marble ;
roof " arched over the top with carved timbers of curious workman-
ship and of great worth, being a goodlie ornament to the same ;" at
the upper end was " a very large picture of the bignesse of a paire of
stagges horns scene in France." On the same floor were the Lord of
Holland's, the Marquis of Hamilton's, and the chamber for the
King's waiters.
On the second-floor was the presence-chamber, " wainscotted with
carved wainscot of good oak, painted of a liver colour, and richly
gilded with antick pictures over the same ; the seelinge full of gilded
pendants hanging downe, setting forth the roome with great splendor ;
as alsoe with verie large windowes, and several coates of armes sett
in the same." These windows opened south on the walk in the
Great Garden leading to the green gates going into the park, where
was an avenue of a mile long between a double row of trees. On the
same floor were also the Privy Chamber, the Withdrawing Chamber,
the King's Bedchamber, and a gallery 123 feet by 21, " wainscotted
with oak, and paintinges over the same of divers cities, rarely painted,
and sett forth with a frett seelinge, with divers pendents, roses, and
flower-de-luces, painted and gilded with gold ; alsoe divers large
stagges heades sett round the same, and fastened to the sayd roome,
which are an excellent ornament to the same." The windows of this
gallery looked " north into the park, and so to Cheshunt."
On an upper-floor were the Lord Chamberlain's lodgings, my
lord's withdrawing chamber, and several other apartments. Near the
Chamberlain's lodgings on the east was a leaded walk, 62 feet in
length and 1 1 in breadth, with an arch of freestone over it ; " which
said arch and walk," says the Survey, " looking eastward into the
middle court, and into the highway leading from London to Ware,
stand eth high, and may easily be discerned by passengers and
travellers to their delight." On the west of the Lord Chamberlain's
lodgings was another walk of the same dimensions looking westward
into the Fountain Court. At each corner of these walks stood
" fower high, faire, and large towers covered with blue slate, with a
lyon and vanes on the top of each ; and in the walk over the hall, in
the midst of the fower corners, one faire and large turrett, in the
fashion of a lanthorne, made with timber of excellent workmanship
curiouslie wrought, standing a great height, with divers pinnacles at
* The abstract above given was made by Mr. Lysons in his " Environs," from
the original in the Augmentation Office.
Chcshunt. 237
each corner, wherein hangeth twelve bells for chiminge, and a clock
with chimes of sundrie worke."
The walk from the lower gate up to the middle of the Fountain
Court is described as leading " through the several courtes, so that
the figure of Cupid and Venus maye easily be seene from the high-
way when the gates are open." "This walk, "says the Survey, "is so
delightfull and pleasant, facing the middle of the house, and the
severall towers, turretts, windowes, chimneyes, walkes, and balconies,
that the like walke for length, pit- asantness, and delight is rare to be
seen in England." The middle court was a quadrangle of no feet
square ; on the south of which were the Queen's Chapel (with
windows of stained glass), her Presence Chamber, Privy Chamber,
Bedchamber, and Coffee Chamber. The Prince's lodgings were ou
the north side. On the east side was a cloister, over which was the
Green Gallery, 109 feet by 12, "excellently well painted round with
the several shires in England, and the arms of the noblemen and
gentlemen in the same." Over this gallery was a leaded walk (looking
eastward towards the Dial Court and the highway), on which were
"two loftie arches of bricke, of no small ornament to the house, and
rendering it comlie and pleasant to all that passed by." On the west
side of the quadrangle was another cloister (on five arches), over
which were the Duke's lodgings, and over them the Queen's Gallery,
109 fcet by 14. On the south side of the house stood "a large open
cloister, built upon severall large faire pillars of stone, arched over
with seven arches, with a faire rayle and balisters, well painted with
the Kinges and Queenes of England, and the pedigree of the old
Lord Burghley, and divers other antient families, with paintings of
many castles and battailes, with divers subscriptions on the walls."
The park contained 2,508 acres, valued, together with six
lodges, one of which was in the occupation of Colonel Cecil, at
.£1,545 155. 4d. per annum. The deer were valued at £1,000; the
rabbits at .£15 ; the timber at .£7,259 138. 2d., exclusive of 15,608
trees marked for the use of the navy, and others already cut down
for that purpose ; the materials of the barns and walls were valued at
,£1,570 i6s. 3d.
After the Restoration, the manor of Theobalds was granted, in
13 Car. II., to George Duke of Aluemarle, and its subsequent descent
to the late Oliver Cromwell, Esq., is detailed by Mr. Clutterbuck.
The park and ruins remained in the Crown until granted, in i and 2
William and Mary, to William. Duke of Portland, to whose heirs they
descended, until sold in 1763 to George Prescott, Esq., the grand-
father of the present Sir George Beeston Prescott, of Cheshunt Park.
The last stages of the decay of Theobalds were recorded by Mr.
Gough, first in his " Catalogue of British Topography," and after-
wards in his " Additions to Camden's Britannia." The room said to
have been that in which King James I. died, and the parlour under
238 Hertfordshire.
it, with a cloister or portico having the Cecil pedigree painted on the
walls,* were standing until 1765, when George Prescott, Esq., cleared
out the site for building. " It is now (adds Mr. Gough) covered
with gentlemen's houses ; and the only remains of its ancient grandeur
are a walk of abeles between two walls, a circular summerhouse, and
the traces of the park wall, nine or ten miles round, built by James I."
Mr. Gough purchased so much of the chimney-piece of the parlour as
had survived the demolition. It is two-thirds of a group of figures in
alto relievo representing in the centre Minerva driving away Discord,
overthrowing Idolatry, and restoring true Religion. The architecture
is ornamented with garbs, or wheat sheaves, from the Cecil crest. It
is carved in clunch, or soft stone, probably by Florentine artists. Mr.
Gough placed it over the chimney piece of his library at Fortyhill,
Enfield, where it remained until 1834, and was then presented by
his representative, John Farran, Esq., to J. B. Nichols, Esq., F.S.A.,
who removed it to his house, the Chancellor's, Hammersmith.
The stables of Theobalds stood on the opposite side of the road
leading from Waltham Cross to Cheshunt ; and adjoining to them
was a large building called the almshouse. Mr. Clutterbuck does not
notice it. It is mentioned in the " Life of the Earl of Salisbury,"
printed on his death in 1612, that it was occupied by " aged and
over-worne Captaines, gentlemen by birth and calling." This build-
ing, which had the arms of Cecil in front, and was furnished with a
hall and chapel, was standing till about the year 1812.
These descriptive particulars of Theobalds Palace having extended
to so great a length, some collections of its historical annals, its
festivities under the two great statesmen and the two English Kings
who were its successive owners, and some other events connected
with it, must be deferred to another paper. J. G. N.
[1836, Part II., pp. 260-264.]
From the propinquity of TheobaMs to London, and our present
ideas of rapid locomotion, it might be supposed that Queen Elizabeth
would have visited her favourite Minister there with great facility,
and perhaps several times in the course of every year. Such, how-
ever, was not the fact. Like her royal predecessors, she is known
to hiive been continually in progress to the several mansions of her
nobility, whilst in the splendour and expense of the entertainments
which she exacted from her hosts she surpassed every former
sovereign. But she did not move without an enormous train,
which, like an army of locusts, devoured "all the provision of
bread," and meat, and everything else; and not only made a
* Mr. Gough made some sketches of (he remaining portions of the Cecil
pedigrees, which were engraved in the first edition of "Queen Elizabeth's Pro-
gresses," vol. ii. (sub anno 1584), and are printed in the new edition, 1823,
vol. iii., pp. 242, 243.
Cheshunt. 239
constant transit indispensable, but did not leave the country behind
it in a state to receive a second visit until after a due respite and the
return of another fruitful season. In some degree this would apply
to situations t-ven so near the metropolis as Theobalds ; at any rate,
the royal tours had their settled course, and the turn for Theobalds
does not appear to have generally recurred more frequently than
once a year.
At the same time, in comparison with other places, Theobalds was
considered to enjoy a large share of the royal presence; and the
manner in which Lord Burghley's contemporary biographer speaks
of the matter is as follows :
" His Lord>hip's extraordinary chardg in enterteynment of the
Qiiene, was greater to him then to anie of her subjects ; for he
enterteyned her at his house twelve severall times ; which cost him
two or three thousand pounds* every tyme ; [the Queen] lyeing
there, at his Lordship's chardg, som^tymes three weeks a moneth,
yea six weeks together. But his love to his Soverei^ne, and joye
to enterteyn her and her traine, was so greate, as he thought no
tn>b!e, care, nor cost too much, and all too little, so it weare bounti-
f.illy performed to her Majesties recreation, and the contentment of
her traine. Her Majesty s jmetymes had straungers and Ambassadors
came to her at Theobalds ; where she hath byn sene in as great
royalty, and served as bountifully and magnificently as at anie other
tyme or place, all at his Lordship's chardg; with rich shews, pleasant
devices, and all manner of sports [that] cold be devised; to the
greate delight of her Majestie, and her whole traine, with greate
thanks from [them], and as greate comendation from all abroad."
Thus we see that, though in point of expense Lord Burghley's
hospitality was exceeded by none, >et the number of visits is still
limited, and, in fact, they were well known to have been altogether
twelve.
With some research, I have been able to trace out most of them.
i. The firstt is thus mentioned by Lord Burghley in his Diary :
"1571. Sept. 22. The Queen's Majestie came to Thebalds
wher these verses following were presented to hir Majestie, with a
portrait of the House. "
This evidently shows that her Majesty came on this occasion to
see the new house, or what was then erected of it. Neither portrait
nor verses are known to be now in existence ; but, should a copy of
either be preserved among the papers of the Marqursses of Salisbury
or Exrter, it is to be hoped that they and all similar curiosities will,
as early as possible, be removed from the power which Ben Jonson
* The Lord Treasurer's ordinary household expenses at Theobalds were .£80 a
week.
t It was before shown in February, p. 148, th.it the supposed visit of the Queen
in 1564 was a mistake.
240 Hertfordshire.
personifies as "Master Vulcan," by means of the multiplication of
copies, lest in the next fire at Hatfield or Burghley they should be
lost for ever.
It was expected that the Queen during this visit would be present
at the marriage of his lordship's elder daughter with the Earl of
Oxford.* This alliance proved unfortunate ; for the earl illtreated
his wife, it is said, to revenge upon Burghley the ruin of the Duke
of Norfolk.
2. Of the second visit we have only this brief notice from Lord
Burghley's Diary :
"1572. July 22. The Queen's Majesty was at Theobalds."
This was only one week after Burghley had been made Lord
Treasurer. Mr. Nichols has stated, but without mentioning any
authority, that this visit lasted three days ;t but there can be little
doubt that, if that had been the case, his lordship would have said so.
3. The third visit is thus recorded in the Diary :
" 1575. May 24. The Q. Majesty was at Thebolds, and so she
was afore in July 22, 1572."
4. The fourth in
"1577. May 14. The Q. Majesty was at Thebolds, and so she
was in May, 1575, and in July, 1572."
In 1578 the Queen was expected to go to Theobalds, and to
"tarry" three or four days;J but we may conclude from Lord
Burghley's Diary that her Majesty's fifth visit was in 1583, when his
lordship again recapitulates the former visits.
5. The fifth :
" 1583. May. The Queens Majesty at Thebalds the 27, 28, 29,
30 Maij.
"Nota. In the 24ch May, 1575, she was also at Thebals;
I4th May, 1577 ; and in July, 1572."
A list of the several lodgings the mansion contained, and the
manner in wh;ch they were assigned on this occasion to the several
attendants of the Court, is printed in "Queen Elizabeth's Pro-
gresses," vol. ii., pp. 400-404.
6. In Lord Burghley's Diary :
" 1587. June. The Queen's Majesty was at Thebalds."
7. The next visit was a more memorable one — at least, much
more has been preserved about it Lord Burghley says :
" 1591. May 10. The Queen came to Thebalds from Hackney."
On the day of her arrival, by the hand of Sir Christopher Hatton,
* Hugh Fitzwilliam to the Countess of Shrewsbury : "The! say the Quene wil
be at my Lorde of Burlyes howse Walton on Sunday nexte " (the letter is dated,
however, September 21, the very day of her Majesty's visit) ; " wheare my Lorde
of Oxford shall marry Mrs. Anne Sicelle, his daughter." — Hunter's " Hallam-
shire," p. 83.
t " Progresses of Queen Elizabeth," vol. i., p. 309.
$ Letter of Gilbert Talbot.— " Progresses of Queen Elizabeth," vol. ii., p. 93.
Clieshunt. 241
Chancellor of England, she addressed a mock heroic epistle " to the
disconsolate and retired spryte, the Heremite of Tybole." This was
Mr. Robert Cecil, Lord Burghley's younger and highly-talented son.
It was mentioned in the former article that Theobalds was settled
upon that distinguished personage by indenture dated June 16, 1577;
and it appears from this burlesque epistle that about March, 1588-89,
he had taken actual possession, whilst Lord Burghley himself had
retired to his former smaller house, which Mr. Robert had for ten
years occupied. Of this arrangement it is clear the Queen did not
approve, and she seems to have commissioned Sir Christopher
Hatton, in a playful way, to make her wishes known. Sir Chris-
topher, with right good-will, began his epistle in the following style :
" ELIZABETHA Anglorum, id esf, a nitore Angelorum Regina formo-
sissima et felicissima : To the disconsolate and retired spryte, the
Heremite of Tybole, and to al oother disaffected sowles, claiming
by, from, or under the said Heremit, sendeth greeting : Whereas in
our High Coourt of Chanceri it is given us to understand, that you
Sir Heremite, the abandonate of Nature's fair works, and servaunt
to Heaven's woonders, have, for the space of two years and two
moonthes, possessed yoorself of fair Tybollet, with her sweet rosary
the same tyme, the recreation of our right trusty and right well
beloved Sir William Sitsilt, Knt., leaving to him the old rude
repoze, wherein twice five years (at his cost) yoor contemplate life
was releived ; which place and fate inevitable hath brought greefs
innumerable (for lover greef biddeth no compare) suffering yoor
solitary eye to bring into hiz house desolation and moorning, joyes
destroyers, and annoye frendes, whereby Paradice is grown Wilder-
ness, and for green grass are comen gray hearz," etc.
After further preamble in the same strain,* the Queen commanded
the Hermit to return to his " old cave, too good for the forsaken, too
bad for our worthily belooved Coouncillour " ; all which was wholly
incomprehensible to poor old Strype, who thought " it would be a
very difficult, perhaps an impracticable task, should one endeavour
to write a commentary capable of explaining this singular piece";
nor, I believe, has anyone yet remarked what that other mansion was
which had the honour of being the more sequestered retreat of the
great Cecil and his son. There can, however, be no question that it
was a house in the parish of Edmonton, which Norden, in his Survey
of Middlesex, briefly describes as " Pymmes, a proper little house of
the right honourable Lord Burghley, Lord High Treasurer of
England. "t
* See the whole in Strype's " Annals," vol. iv., p. 77, and the " Progresses of
Queen Elizabeth," vol. ii., p. 75.
t Dr. Robinson, in his " History of Edmonton," p. 60, says : " This house
was situated on the north side of Watery Lane ; it is now entirely demolished.
Jt took its name from William I'ymme, who built it ; the family were settled in
Edmonton in the reign of Edward II. It is mentioned in (he Inquisition on the
VOL. XVII. 1 6
242 Hertfordshire.
The Queen prolonged her stay at Theobalds at this time for ten
days. On the i6th of the month she "dyned abrode," — that is, out
of her Privy-chamber, " in the chamber called the Queen's Arbor, in
company with the French Ambassador and L."* On her majesty's
departure, on the 2oth, she bestowed the honour of knighthood on
Sir Robert Cecil. t " I suppose you have heard," says Sir T. Wylkes
in a letter to Sir R. Sydney, on the i8th of June, "of her Majesty's
great entertainment at Tibbuls ; of her knighting Sir Robert Cecill,
and of the expectation of his advance to the Secretaryship. But so
it is (as we said in Court) that the knighthood must serve for both."
8. The next visit was in
" 1593. June 13. The Queen came to Thebolds, and continued
there to the zist thereof."
And then it must have been that Sir Robert Cecil, pursuing her
Majesty's former jest of the Hermit, " penned " " the Hermit's
Oration at Theobalds," which is printed in " Queen Elizabeth's
Progresses," vol. Hi. pp. 241-245.
" I am the poor Hermit," he said, " your Majesties Beadman, who,
at your last coming hither (where God grant you may com many
years), upon my complaynt, by your pryncely favor was restored to
my HERMITAGE, by an injunction, when my Founder, uppon a
strange conceite, to feed his owne humour, had placed me, contrary to
my profession, in his HOUSE, amongst a number of worldlings, and
retired himself e in my poore cell, where I have ever since, by your only
goodness (most peerelesse and powerful Queen), lived in all happiness,
spending three parts of the day in repentance, the fourth in praying
for your Majestie, that as your virtues have been the world's wonder,
so your dayes may see the world's end. . . .
" And now a little further to acquaint your Majestie with my happ
(though I must arme myself with patience), my Founder, to leave all
free for you and your trayne, hath committed to my NESTJ all his
unfledged birds, being the comfort of his age, and his pretious Jewells,
being to some of them Grandfather, to others more, all derived from
his good opinion of me. But such a wanton charge for a poor old
Jeath of Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 1612 ; as in that of Lord Burghley" (see
Peck's "Desiderata Curiosa," p. 189). "On the I2ih July, 1594, says Lord
Burghley in his " Diary," " the Queen came to Robert CecilFs house to speak
with me." This was probably Pymmes.
* Lord Burghley's Diary. Some commentator has added a note, " Qu.
who is L. ? — Probably Lord Treasurer Burghley " ; but it is much more probable
hat the meaning was, the Ambassador Extraordinary and the Leiger, or Resident
Ambassador.
t " May 20. Robert Cecill made Knight at the Queen Majesties removing."
— Lord Burghley's Diary.
J I.e., to Pymmes, where, it may be presumed, one of Lord Burghley's grand-
children died, being interred in the parish church of Edmonton, and thus re-
corded in the register : " Frances Vcre, til. Comitis Oxfordiae, sepult. September
12, 1587."
Cheshunt. 243
man, as they now hear of the arryvall of such an admirable Worke of
Nature, a man must pluck their quilles, or els they will daylie fly out
to see your Majestic, such is the working of the Grandfather's
affection in them, and your vertue and beautie !"
Here the entries of Lord Burghley's Diary fail us ; but it may be
readily imagined that during the five subsequent years of the Lord
Treasurer's life the Queen made the four other visits which complete
the number of twelve.
9. The occasion mentioned in the memoirs of Sir Robert Carey
(afterwards of Monmouth) when he found the Queen at Theobalds,
and followed her to Enfield, must have been in the year 1597, as it
was about a year after his father's death, and when his brother had
been appointed Chamberlain in the place of Lord Cobham, who died
in March 1596-97. "The Queene lay at Theobalds ; went that day
to Enfield House ; and had toiles set up in the parke to shoot at
buckes after dinner."
10. On September 7, 1597, the Queen was again at Theobalds,
and there gave audience to the Danish Ambassador. It was her
birthday, and the Ambassador " tooke thereby occasion to say, That
sithen it had pleased God on that day to glorifie the worlde with so
gratious a Creature, who had brought so great happiness to the Realme,
and the neighbour Kingdomes, hee doubted not but that the Kinge
his maister shoulde in that happy day have an happy answere of his
request."
To which the Queen made this witty reply :
" I blame you not to expect a reasonable answere and a sufficient ;
but you may think it a great miracle, that a Childe borne at four of
the clocke this morning should bee able to aunswere so learned and
wise a Man as you are, sent from so great a Prince as yours, about
so great and waighty affayres as you speake of, and in an unknowne
tongue, by three of the clocke in the afternoone."
And so, " after using with him more prudent and gracious wordes,
shee ended, and gave him leave to depart."
And here, after this confident testimony from the Queen's own
mouth, to her skill in languages, of which her Majesty seems to have
been not a little proud, we have an opportunity to notice an
interlude written by the celebrated Sir John Davies, in which, among
other topics of personal adulation, Elizabeth's accomp ishments as a
linguist are particularly alluded to, and which has been connected
with the name of Theobalds.* It is entitled " A Conference between
a Gentleman Huisher and a Poet, before the Queene, at Mr.
* " Usher, — Art them a Post, and hast ridden so manic myles, and met with so
many men ; and hast thou not hard that which all the world knowes, that shee
speakes and understands all the languages in the world which are worthy to be
spoken or understood ?"
1 6— 2
244 Hertfordshire.
Secretary's House," and Mr. Nichols has printed it in his " Progresses
of Queen Elizabeth," voL Hi., pp. 76-78, under the year 1591,
supposing it to have been delivered "at Theobalds." But there is
nothing to show that Theobalds was here designated by the title of
" Mr. Secretary's house ;" and another similar " pretty Dialogue of
John Davies, 'twixt a Maid, a Widow, and a Wife "* (of which no
copy is known), was performed so late as December, 1602, at " Mr.
Secretary's house " in London ; which adjoined on the east to his
brother's mansion in the Strand, called Burghley House, and after-
wards Exeter 'Change, and was itself called Cecil House, and I
believe afterwards Salisbury House.
Lord Burghley died in London on August 4, 1598 ; and the Queen
is said to have been again at Theobalds on the 5th of the following
month ; but, as I have found no subsequent notices of Elizabeth
being at Theobalds, and have already written to a considerable
extent, I will defer the further annals of the mansion, during the next
and subsequent reigns, to another letter.
Yours, etc., J. G. N.
Clothall.
[1786, Part I I., p. 836.]
I send you the epitaph of Dr. Savage, in Clothall Church, tran-
scribed from the papers of Dr. Paul Wright.
" H.S.E. Johannes Savage, S.T.P., hujusce parochtre per 39 annos rector in
siguissimus, qui dovis male habitus ad exterces, regiones annis plus octo sponte
excudavit, unde tola fere Europa perlustrata reversus cedes rectorias in formam
augustiorum extruxit, ariam, hortos, horrea, amplicavit, decoravit. Templum
etiam hoc Ueo sacrum si vives illi suffecerint aliquando exornationes. Obiit 24'°
dii Martii Anno Salutis Christiana:, 1 747, retails sua; 65. Et hanc sibi epigraphen
viveus designavit."
Flamstead.
[1812, Part I., pp. 210,211.]
The small remains of the once market-town of Flamstead are
pleasantly situated on a hill about twenty-seven miles on the turnpike
road, leading from London to Dunstable ; anciently called Verlamstedt,
owing, it is supposed, to the river Vere, or Verulum, or Verlume,
washing the foot of the hill.
In the time of King Edward the Confessor, Leofstane, Abbot of
St. Alban's, gave this manor to three knights, Turnoth, Waldof, and
Turman ; but in the time of William the Conqueror, Ralph de Thony,
Todeny, Tony, or Toni, his standard-bearer at the battle of Hastings,
held it, as appears from Domesday Book : " In Danais Hund. Ralf
de Todeny holdeth Flamstede for two hides of land." Camden
states it to have been granted to the father of Ralf. It was the chief
place of his residence. He married the daughter of Simon de
* See " Progresses of Queen Elizabeth," vol. iii., p. 601.
Flamstead. 245
Montford, and dying, left a son Ralf, who married the daughter of
the Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland, his heir. Roger was
his heir, and married the daughter of the Earl of Hainault. Ralf
was disinherited by King John for assisting the Barons, yet came
into favour again, and was restored by Henry III. Robert, his
successor in the sixth generation, 27 Edward I., obtained a charter
of that king for a market on Thursdays, and a fair on the eve, day.
and morrow after the feast of St. Leonard, and five days following.
The present fair or feast is kept eleven days before ; the market has
been long disused. To the manor, as Robert died 3 Edward II.
without issue, Alice his sister, widow of Thomas Leyborn, was found
heir, and married to Guy de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, whose
heir was the famous Guy, who died near Calais 43 Edward III. His
heirs enjoyed this a long time ; but male issue failing, and Anne,
daughter of the Duke of Warwick, dying young, his sister Anne
inherited, who was married to Richard Nevil, Earl of Salisbury, who
had with her the title of Earl of Warwick. This Richard dying at
Barnet field, temp. Edward IV., the estate fell to the Crown. His
countess, 3 Henry VII., possessed it again, after the death of her
daughters. Henry VIII. granted it to George Ferrars and his heirs,
from whom it came to Sir John Ferrars and Knighton Ferrars of
Beyford, whose daughter, Katharine, married to Thomas, Lord
Fanshawe. Lord and Lady Fanshawe sold it to Serjeant Edward
Pecke; from him it descended to William, his son, of Stamford in
Essex, who left a son William, and he disposed of it to Mr. Pearce,
whose second son is the present lord of the manor.
The church (see Plate I.) is dedicated to St. Leonard. It is in
the hundred of Dacorum and deanery of Berkhamsted, valued in the
King's books at £41 6.?. ?>d. a rectory impropriate, anciently in the
Crown, part in the University of Oxford, and part in the Sebright
family of Beechwood Park ; the former granted it by lease to tPiem
that they should find a curate to officiate in the church. King
James I. granted the reversion to trustees for Mr. Gunsty, curate
therein, in 1618, by lease for forty-two years. The church stands
high. Leland says, that " riding through a thorough fair on Watling
Street, not far from Mergate (Market Street), he saw in a pretty
wood side St. Leonard's on the left hand," etc. It is built in the
Gothic style, of flints and courses of tiles (supposed to be Roman)
alternately, part plastered, with a square tower at the west end,
surmounted with a high leaded spire and vane ; and a clock dial on
the north side. The building is uniform, consisting of a nave, two
side aisles, north and south porch, and a chancel at the end, with a
vestry on the north side, lofty ceiling, formerly two stories, in which
is a piscina; door into the chancel, near which is a handsome
monument by Flaxman, close to the altar, Faith and Hope at top,
and an urn in the centre, inscribed as follows :
246 Hertfordshire*
" ' Sacred to the memory of Sir Edward Sebright, third baronet, descended from
William Sebright, of Sebright Hall, in the county of Essex, and of Blakeshall, in
the county of Worcester, in the reign of Henry II. He died December 15, 1702,
aged 36 years, and was interred in a family vault at Besford Court, in the county
of Worcester. He left issue four children, Thomas, Edward, Anne, and Helen.
" Dame Anne Sebright, only surviving daughter and sole heir of Thomas
Saunders, esq., of Beechwood, in the county of Hertford, and Helen Sadler, of
Sopewell, in the same county, relict of Sir Edward Sebright, third Baronet. She
died December 25, 1719, aged 49 years. Her remains are deposited in her family
vault in this church."
''Sir Thomas Saunders Sebright, fourth Baronet, died April the 12, 1736, aged
44. His remains are deposited In the family vault in this Church. He left issue
two sons, Thomas and John."
" Dame Henrietta Sebright, relict of Sir Thomas Saunders Sebright, Baronet,
and daughter of Sir Samuel Dashwood, Knight, died March 21, 1772, and her
remains are deposited in the vault in this church."
" Edward Saunders Sebright, Esq., second son of Sir Edward Sebright, bart.,
travelling through France, was murdered by robbers, near Calais, December 12,
'723" aged 2 5- His remains were brought to England, and are deposited in the
family vault in this church."
"Sir Thomas Saunders Sebright, fifth Baronet, son of Sir Thomas and Dame
Henrietta, died unmarried, October 30, 1761, aged 38. His remains are deposited
in the family vault in this church."
J. S. B.
[1812, Part I., pp. 318-320.]
Above the altar-table, on the south corner, is a beautiful ancient
mural monument, which had formerly a hearse over it ; arms at
the top. . . .
In the centre the effigies ot the deceased, kneeling on a cushion
before an altar with book open on it.
Beneath :
" Here lyeth the body of Sir Bartholomew Fouke, knight, who served Kinge
Edward, Queen Mary, and was Master of the Houshold to Queen Elizabeth for
many years, and to Kinge James that now is : in memorye of whose vertuous life
(worthy eternal remembrance) Edward Fouke, gent., his brother, hath erected this
Monument. Ubiit XIX lulii, 1604, aetatis sua; 69."
Beneath this is a piscina for holy water, the shelf still remaining.
Adjoining are two stone seats, canopy above, and near these a wains-
cot table, rails and floor of one step for the altar, under which are two
stones with inscriptions on them :
" Mortale quiescat Dom. Mariae Luke, quae filia quinta Henrici Coningsby de
Mymms Boreali, Eq. Aur. et Eliz. clarae familiae Botelorum de Woodhall, in com.
Hertford."
"Conjux olim fuit Johannis Saunders,* de Puttenham, arm. (et ibid, sepulti) in
diet. com. ; tandem joh. Luke de Flamsted nupta et viduata. Ob. 22 Aug. 1664."
On a long stone are effigies, with the Virgin and Child, in brass, and
in old characters :
* A label from his mouth (now gone) as follows (Salmon's " Herts ") :
" Miserere, Miserator, quia vere sum Peccator,
Unde precor licet Reus, Miserere mei Deus."
Flamstead. 247
"Hie jacet magist. Johannes Oudeby, quondam Rector istius Ecclesia:, et de
Barughby, Lincoln. Dioces. ; et Canonicus in Eccles. Collegiata beatse Manx in
Warr. et Camerarius ex parte Comitis War. in Scaccario Domini Regis ; qui
obiit 7 Maii 1414 ; cujus an. etc."
Next to this is another, with figures in brass, but no inscription.
Another for
" Mrs. Ann Collington, who departed this life on the 22dday of October, 1753,
aged 60 years."
Another :
"Here lyeth interred the body of Sarah Cotton, wife of Wm. Cotton, of
Turner's Hall, in the Parish of Harpinden, gent, who departed this life i6th of
January, 1697-8, setatis suae 30."
There are three hatchments against the north wall.
The chancel is divided from the church by a rich altar screen of
carved oak, ornamentally painted, near which, on a small stone in the
nave:
" Here lyeth the body of Mrs. Elizabeth Haley, whoe dyed the — day of
October, 1687."
To the left a double pew for Sir John Sebright and family, of
Beechwood Park, in this parish.
On the first pillar, right hand, is cut with a knife, by one of the
clerks it is supposed, the following inscription, and a painted head
underneath :
" In this midle space, and at this seats end,
There lyeth buried our neighbor and frind
Old John Grigge of Cheverills End.
An'o 1591, April!' 15."
On the first left pillar :
" Within this isle where bricks are laide
There lieth buried a virgin mayde ;
Frauncys Cordell was her name,
She lived and died in godlye fame.
An'o 1597, Junii j.
On the next pillar :
" Of this seat's ende in the midle alley,
There lieth buried John Paley the valley.
An'o 1590, Junii xiiii."
Over one of the arches a framed board, with arms, and the follow-
ing inscription :
"At the upper ende of this midle ile lyeth intered the body of George Cordell,
esquire, who served Queen Elizabeth, and was sergeant of the Ewry to King
James and the late King Charles, in all sixty yeeres, who married Dorothy, the
only daughter and heyre of Francis Prior, of this parish, with whom she lived 52
yeares, and deceased the 26th May, 1653, being aged 84 yeeres."
One Ann Prior lived in this parish to the age of 120 years.
Near the before-mentioned board was the rood-loft, the door to
which is at the top of the north aisle, instead of which is a painting
248 Hertfordshire.
by Hull over the screen — Aaron on one side, a warrior on the other,
and Moses in the rear. On the north side, between two of the
columns, is a very ancient altar-tomb, with the effigies of the
deceased, male and female, right hands joined across ; at their heads
a rich canopy curiously carved, at their feet two dogs; a label
defaced. Weever mentions tbjee ancient tombs (of which this only
now remains), supposed to have been for lords of this manor, and
probably more ancient than the use of inscriptions in England.
Near the west end is the font of an octagon shape. At the west-
end is a gallery. The nave is divided from the north and south
aisles by two rows of octagon pillars, five on each side, with rich
carved capitals.
At the top of the south aisle is a very elegant marble monument
with six figures, viz., five on the pedestal moulding and one in the
centre of the pavement below, all in a kneeling posture, a banner at
top with a red cross ; there have been two others :
"Thomas Saunders, de Beechwood, arm. peccatorum maximus, credens in
unum Deam, diving sua providentia terrena quecunque pubernantem et sapien-
tissime disponentem, et in Redemptorem Mundi Jesum Christum die ultimo futu-
rum judicem, cum ex Plelena, filia et hserede Roberti Sadlieri de Sopewella, clara.-
et antique in hoc agro familiar, sex liberos susceperit, viz. Thomam, Robertum,
Helenam, Johannem, Annam, Helenam, quorum quinque ante parentes decesse-
runt, et Anna tantum parvula superstes existit, cui Deus propitius sit ! In eorum
piam memoriam, quibus nihil amplius dari possit, monumentum hoc, ut signum
amoris, curse, et beneficentise, si vixissent, futune, lugens posuit, spe certa con-
fidens se futurum heredem regni coelorum ; et licet e corpore hseredem in terris
non relinquit, hanc tamen consolationem assecutus, quod ex se additur icgno
coelorum."
On the moulding :
"Talium est regnum coelorum." . . .
Near to this in the floor, black marble slab :
" M. S. E. Thomas Saunders, filius natn maximus Gulielmi Saunders, de
Londino, generosi (fratris Thomae Saunders, de Beechwood, in hac parochia,
armigeri), et Abigalis, uxoris ejus, filise Thomse Saunders, de Hadnam, in com.
Bucks, armigeri. Obijt 15 Feb. anno Dom. 1690-1, setatis suae undecimo. In-
dolis optima; ac maximse spei, luctus nunc, olim delicias parentum. Hie juxta
reconditur Gulielmus, vix bimestris, filius natu minor Gulielmi supradicti."
Against the wall a white marble mural monument :
"To the memory of Richard Pearce, late of Milbank Street, Westminster,
Brewer, and Lord of the Manor of Flamsted ; who lieth buried in the family vault
in; this Church-yard. He died January 16, 1800, aged 79 years ; having the
character, which he well deserved, of a tender Husband, a good Father, a true
Christian, and a sincere Friend."
Near this are two ancient hatchments.
Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick, married the daughter and heir of
Sir Wm. Hatton (alias Newport), of Cheverells Green, knight in this
parish, which Robert died April 18, 1658, and buried at (Felstead).
Flamstead. 249
Perhaps Flamstead is meant ; but there is no monument, nor any
traces of his being buried there. Heylin.
To be preserved as not now to be found :
" In this isle is buried the body of Ann Poure, second daughter of Francis Poure,
of Blechinton, in the county of Oxon, esq., and of Ann, his second wife, the third
daughter to Julius Ferrers, of Market, in the county of Hertford, esq., who died
13 June, 1631." (Salmon's " Herts.")
The tower at the west end has a lofty arch into the nave, but
stopped up, and a double door opposite. Above is the ringing-floor ;
over that a floor occupied by the clock and windlass, and another
floor occupied by a peal of six tunable bells, on five of which is inscribed
"Chandler made me 1664," and on another, "John Waylett,
London, fecit 1729." The tower seems going fast to decay. It is
held together by iron ties in several parts, and buttressed up on the
outside. The body of the church seems crippled ; the walls without
and the pillars within are visibly out of the upright.
According to Matthew Paris, 1006, this church was a chapel de-
pending upon Redborn, which Richard, Abbot of St. Alban's
fraudulently and simoniacally alienated from his monastery about the
year 1112.
In the churchyard surrounding are several gravestones and eight
altar-tombs.
Four almshouses, facing the church, were built and endowed by
the Saunders family, on the front of which are two portraits in stone,
defaced. They are for two widowers and two widows, who have ^5
per annum out of lands called Gately Grounds.
Yours, etc., J. S. B.
Hatfield.
[1818, Part J., p. 297.]
The accompanying drawing exhibits a general view of Hatfield in
Hertfordshire (see Plate I.), showing on the right Hatfield House, the
noble mansion of the Marquis of Salisbury, built in the reign of
James I. by Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury, in the centre the
stables, etc., and on the left the Church of Hatfield, with the
Salisbury Arms inn. [A quotation from the " Beauties of England,"
vol. vii., pp. 276-277 is omitted.] M.
Hemel Hempstead.
[1808, Part II., p. 940.]
A curious piece of antiquity has lately been discovered in the
churchyard of Hemel Hempstead, in Hertfordshire. In digging a
vault for a young lady of the name of Warren, the sexton, when he
had excavated the earth about four feet below the surface of the
ground, found his spade to strike against something solid, which,
upon inspection, he discovered to be a large wrought stone, which
250 Hertfordshire.
proved to be the lid of a coffin, and under it the coffin entire, which
was afterwards taken up in perfect condition ; but the bones contained
therein, on being exposed to the air, crumbled to dust. On the lid
of the coffin is an inscription, partly effaced by time, but still suffi-
ciently legible, decidedly to prove it contained the ashes of the
celebrated Ofla, King of the Mercians, who rebuilt the Abbey of St.
Alban's, and died in the eighth century. The coffin is about six feet
and a half long, and contains a niche or resting-place for the head,
and also a groove on each side for the arms, likewise for the legs ;
it is curiously carved, and altogether unique of the kind.
Hertingfordbury.
[1788, Part /.,//. 191, 192.]
In the parish of Hertingfordbury, about two miles from Essenden,
in the county of Hertford, is a spring of water known by the name of
" Aquatile-hole " (vulgo, " Akerley-hole "), now in the tenure or occu-
pation of Samuel Whitbread, Esq., of the most copious or singular
nature in the island, supposed to deliver a quantity of water at the
mouth or opening sufficient for the discharge of a pipe of the bore of
three feet and a half in diameter. This spring arises within 100
yards of the river Lea, into which it disembogues, and in that short
space actually furnishes a greater quantity of water than what is con-
tained in the river itself, which is well known to take the aggregate
springs from Lea Grove Marsh, near Dunstable, in Bedfordshire, to
that place. What most astonishes me is that none of your historians,
geographers, or noters of antiquity have noticed this extraordinary
natural curiosity, or that none of the mechanical geniuses of the
present day, considering its contiguity to the Metropolis, and con-
sidering its unbounded ability, should not have thought it, long ere
this, an object of serious attention and experiment J. B.
Hinxworth.
[1 784, Part I I., pp. 74S-746.]
At Hinxworth Place are the following :
Arms in the parlour window. Argent, on a bend vert between
two cottises dauncette gules, a crescent for a difference or.
Second shield. The same coat, impaling quarterly, first and fourth
sable, three dexter hands couped argent. Hanchett second gules,
three chevrons or. Montfitchet An ancient baron. Third gules,
three lozenges in bend argent, a martlet or for a difference. Under-
neath Grey and . . . ., it was formerly Hanchett.
Third shield. Quarterly, first and fourth, or, a lion rampant queue
furche gules within a border of the same. Second and third azure,
a bend argent between seven billets, or. Underneath Malory and
.... 1570.
Hinxworth. 251
In the chamber window. First shield. Quarterly first and fourth.
Quarterly, per fesse indented gules and or. Bromley. Second
argent, on a chevron within a border ingrailed gules, five bezants.
Third argent, on a fesse sable, three cross croslets or, between six
fleurs-de-lis. Impaling, quarterly, first and fourth azure, a bend
ingrailed argent, cottised or. Fortescue. Second and third, argent
frettee azure, on a chief of the second, three roses of the first, barbed
and seeded gold. These were the arms of Sir Thomas Bromley,
knight, who was Solicitor-General in 1569, and in 1579 was made
Lord Chancellor (Dugdale's "Chronica Series," pp. 93 and 94).
He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Adrian Fortescue. This
shield, by the blunder of some glazier repairing the window, has been
turned outwards ; so that, as it now stands, the second quartering in
the Fortescue arms is the first coat.
Second shield in the chamber window. Quarterly, first argent, a
lion passant in fesse gules, between two bars sable, charged with
three bezants, in chief, three stags' heads raboshed of the third.
Parker, Lord Morley, and Monteagle. Second argent, a lion rampant
sable, crowned gules. Sir Robert Morley, temp. Edward I. Third
quarterly. First and fourth barry nebulee of six or and gules.
William Lovell, who by his marriage with Eleanor, daughter and
heiress to Robert Lord Morley, had the title of Lord Morley.
Second and third azure, a lion rampant argent.
Fourth coat. Gules, a bend fusilee or. Crest. Out of a ducal
coronet or, a bear's head sable, bridled gold.
Alice, sister to Henry, only son of the said William, was married
to Sir Henry Parker, knight, whose son Henry was, 21 Henry VIII.,
summoned to Parliament by the title of Lord Morley.
Third shield in the chamber window. Twelve coats formerly
quartered. First argent, three bars azure, in chief three torteauxes.
Grey. Second argent, a chief indented azure. Glanville. Third
or, a maunch gules. Hastings, Earl of Pembroke. Fourth argent,
a double tressure floree counterfloree, in the honorary point an in-
escutcheon gules. Scott, Earl of Huntingdon. Fifth is almost
demolished ; but part of the field, and the top of a garb appearing,
shows that it was azure, three garbs, or. Blundeville, Earl of Chester.
Sixth gules, three leopards heads jessant fleurs-de-lis, or. Cantelupe.
Seventh azure, a lion rampant, or. Eighth, barry of ten argent and
azure, nine martlets, gules. Audomare de Valentia, Earl of Pem-
broke. Ninth, Newburgh, or Berkley, demolished. Tenth, de-
molished, except part of the field or ; and it was probably or, three
inescutcheons barry of six vaire and gules, being the arms of Joan
Montchensy, mother of Audomare de Valentia, Earl of Pembroke.
Eleventh, almost demolished, but part of the field argent, and the
chief azure, charged with three crosses pattee sitchee of the field.
Strongbow. Twelfth, sable, three garbs argent. Mackmurrough.
252 Hertfordshire.
Dermot MacMurrough, knight, of Leicester, married Eva, the only
daughter and heir to Richard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke. The
second, third, eighth, tenth, and eleventh coats are in Dugdale's
" Origines Juridiciales," p. 300, quartered by the Lord Grey of
Wilton ; and many of them are likewise quartered by the present
Earl of Stamford.
There is no account of these several shields in Sir Henry Chauncey ;
and Salmon's description of them is very short and imperfect.
PAUL WRIGHT.
Hunsdon.
[1795, Parti., p. 13.]
I have been during the last spring over a considerable part of
Hertfordshire, and made many sketches, one of which, from Hunsdon
Church, as it is mentioned by Salmon, p. 254, as uncommon, I think
may perhaps merit your attention (Fig. 3). Under it, in capitals, is
inscribed :
" Beloved of all whilst he had lyfe,
Vnmoan'd of none when he did die,
JAMES GRAY, interred of his wife,
Near to this Death's signe brass doth lye ;
Years thirty-five in good renown
Park and housekeeper of this town.
Obiit 12 die Decembris, a° d'ni 1591, oet. 60."
Curious as it is, it, however, shows the engraver was no anatomist.
PHILOGRAPHICE.
[1795, Part /.,/. 123.]
" Philographice," p. 13, has not sufficiently explained the design
of the monument in Hunsdon Church. It is meant to commemo-
rate the extraordinary death of the gamekeeper, who expired suddenly
whilst in the act of shooting at a buck with a crossbow. The same
church contains many other very curious monuments, an account of
which would be a treat to your antiquarian readers. Hunsdon
House, the property and residence of Felix Calvert, Esq., was
inhabited by the children of Henry VIII., on account of the salubrity
of the air.
TEMPCANETON.
Knebworth.
[1790, Part II., pp. 983-986.]
Having lately had an opportunity of seeing the ancient mansion of
the Lytton family at Knebworth, near Stevenage, in Hertfordshire,
your topographical readers may not be displeased with some account
of it.
Knebworth House is a large structure, built of brick, round a quad-
rangle, of which the east front may be seen in Sir H. Chauncey's
Knebworth. 253
" History of Hertfordshire," p. 352. The approach to it is by iron
gates in a court walled round, corresponding with an arched gateway
in the centre of a part of the front, sided by imitations of embattled
towers, from which extend two unequal wings. The north side is
partly formed by a colonnade of seven light round arches on pillars,
opening to a garden, and supporting a gallery 76 feet long by 14 wide,
floored with oak, and as many windows over the arches. The south
side of this colonnade is lighted by windows corresponding with the
rest of the quadrangle. At the west end of this colonnade is a suite
of rooms with modern sashes, as is the greater part of the west side
to the park. In this side is a spacious hall, fitted up in a later style,
with a gallery at the upper end, and communicating with the kitchens
and offices at the south-west end. In the west side is another gate-
way, corresponding with the former, sided by a tower in the staircase,
in the spandrel of whose door is the Lytton rebus, a tun in an L.
Under a long window on this side is a tun richly flowered, and over
this window the Lytton arms. Over the inside of the first or eastern
gateway are the arms of Lytton, quartering Booth, Oke and Wayland,
and the date 1563, which fixes it to Rowland Lytton, great-grandson
to the first purchaser of this family, Sheriff of Herts, 1568, 10 Eliza-
beth, and afterwards knighted. He died 1582, and was buried in the
church. On the grand staircase are the portraits, three-quarters, of
Sir Rowland, lieutenant of the county, and commander of their troops
at Tilbury, 1588, and his lady, Anne, daughter of Oliver, Lord St.
John, Baron of Bletsoe. He is represented in dark hair, whiskers
and peaked beard, armed completely in plated armour, almost to
the knees, on which appear flowered silk or linen drawers, with red
garters, reaching to his black boots, which just appear ; red sash and
tassels to his sword. In his right hand he holds a heavy tilting-lance ;
his left hand is akimbo ; his helmet stands on a table behind him.
Above, behind his head, are his arms quarterly :
Ermine, on a chief indented gules 3 crowns or — Lytton.
Sable on a fess azure between 6 trefoils, 3 oak-leaves gules —
Oke.
Argent 3 boars' heads sable — Booth.
Ermine a cross gules, charged with 4 bezants — Weyland.
Motto : " Hoc virtvtis opvs."
Crest: a bittern in rushes, and over it 1588, with another motto.
Before his face a tree, with an inscription, which, as well as the second
motto, the height of the stairs prevented from being seen.
His lady is represented in her hair, ruff, black gown, double gold
chain, supported by her left hand, and in her right a silver ball.
On another staircase is a portrait of a man in red hair and enormous
ruff, his left hand on his belly. By him is written, "A° aetatis, 23,
1586."
Below these is a three-quarter portrait of Sir Watkin Williams
254 Hertfordshire.
Wynne, in a tie-wig, brown coat, laced waistcoat ; in his left hand,
" An act for the more effectually preventing bribery and corruption
of members to serve in Parliament."
On the landing-place a whole-length portrait of a man in his hair,
whiskers and falling beard, black coat and mantle, trunk hose, roses
to shoes, standing on a red and white lozenge pavement, his right
hand on a table, his left on his sword. Behind him, in the left
corner, is a view, as seems, of St. Mark's Square at Venice.
In one of the rooms are high-backed wooden chairs, painted with
"R. L." in cipher, and this coat — i, 4, gules over a fret or a fess
azure. 2, 3, azure.
In the gallery a whole-length portrait of the last Mr. Lytton, leaning
on his gun, in a gold-laced green coat, ribbed stockings, square-toed,
high-quartered shoes, and tie-wig ; a pointer running, looking back to
him. At the right corner below, " Ferrers ; surdus & mutus pinxit,
1710."
A whole-length of a young gentleman, in a similar style of compo-
sition, seems of the same master.
A small head on board, in armour, with ruff and red hair, super-
scribed : " Le dvc mateas davstriche."
Another small head on board of a lady, in small cap and coronet,
ruff and standing cape, with a double-headed spread eagle pendent
from her necklace.
A man with flowing hair, in armour, in a red gown with white
sleeves under it.
A coat-of-arms, of quarterly : i, 4 — Lytton. Q. 2 ermine in a
canton sable a crescent azure. 3, ermine on a chief indented azure
3 crowns — Lytton. On a shield of pretence gules an anchor or on a
chief or, 3 torteaux.
Crest, a bird with wings extended sable.
Another small woman's head on board, in a ruff, small cap, black
and ermine gown, and rich stomacher, superscribed : " Chaterina d
Holande."
A pedigree of the Lytton family, by Peter le Neve.
Two portraits of ladies, in the style of Lely.
In a room contiguous to the gallery, over the chimney, are rude
bas-reliefs of Venus and Adonis, with churches in the distant land-
scape. This and another adjoining room are hung with old tapestry.
In another room, a head of Lord Strafford, in armour.
A lady in a black veil.
Le Prince d'Orange — small.
La Princesse d'Orange — small.
On another staircase : A fine three-quarter portrait of a handsome
young man, in light curled hair, long laced neckcloth, coat with
buttons to the bottom, open, and showing loose drawers, with bunches
of tapes or straps at the knees, such as also hang from the shoulders
Knebworth. 255
and from the waistband, the linen of the sleeve falling from under a
cuff with three buttons ; the sword, with a plain hilt, hangs from a
rich broad belt, embroidered or quilted.
A head, in a ruff, beard and whiskers, superscribed : " Bussy
d'Amboyse, homme de sang & de feu."
Another head, superscribed : " Boulainville de Montmorency."
An emblematical painting of a landscape, with the figure of a
woman reclining over a skull on a sarcophagus adorned with reliefs of
a sacrifice ; at her head a pillar, on whose base is this inscription,
pointed to by a man in a moresque dress or blanket, barefooted :
"In illo tempore memorabo & sepulchrum qui illustrissimo addorato percit6
mento more qu *. . . Triumph."
Under a statue of Diana, or a woman with a dart :
" Nemo magis felix.
Anno D. 1685."
" In Romae Onnobibus," under a Csesar's laureate bust.
A man like a porter carrying water or milk in pails flung over his
shoulders up a large stone staircase.
Other inscriptions illegible.
A head of James I., holding a blue garter from his neck in his left
hand, as at Hatfield. On one side of him, " Serio."
At the upper end of the hall, in a gallery, hangs a large group of
whole-length portraits of the last Mr. Lytton, his lady, and three
young ladies (two with fishing-rods and fish, a third in a riding-dress),
and a young gentleman standing by Mrs. L. who holds a music-book
with some notes and these words, "Blow winds, blow winds, and
bear me to some grove !"
The church stands in the park, at a small distance S.E. from the
house : a neat structure, fitted-up in a modern manner ; the nave
and chancel of one pace, with a west tower and small spire, and a
south porch. A north chapel to the chancel is the burial-place of
the family, and contains the following monuments.
Rowland Lytton, 1582; and his two wives, Margaret Tate and
Anne Carleton, with their figures in brass, and an inscription in
black letter.
Anne St. John, 1601, wife of his son Rowland.
Judith their daughter, wife of Sir Thomas Barrington, 1657.
Jane, another daughter, wife of Sir Charles Crofts, 1672.
Judith, their great-granddaughter, wife of Maurice Abbot.
George Strode, her second husband, 1707.
Sir William Lytton, 1 704 ; and his two wives.
Mary Harrison and Phillipa Keyling.
Lytton Lytton, his sister's son by George Strode, 1710.
These three heavy marble monuments, the two first with recumbent
* This space has letters hid by the figure pointing to it.
256 Hertfordshire.
figures, the last with a standing figure in a long wig and neckcloth,
and a coat buttoned down to his toes, are the work of Edward
Stanton, of London.
As the inscriptions on these, and several others of lesser note,
may be found in Chauncey, pp. 356, 357, and Salmon, p. 201, I
forbear to repeat them. But I shall describe a monument of white
marble erected since their time to the last heir of the family, the son
of Lytton Lytton, 1732. It represents a man in a stiff coat, and a
woman in a gown, kneeling at the ends of a sarcophagus, on which
are carved in relief three boys holding a snake biting its tail (the
emblem of eternity), an hour-glass, and a skull. In a panel above
a man stands holding a skull, his wife sits by him, their youngest
daughter stands, and at her right another daughter leans on an urn
of flowers. The arms are Lytton quartering the fret, and on a shield
of pretence the anchor, and in chief 3 ....
Inscription [omitted].
His relict died March 13, 1790, aged 67, and was buried in a
brick grave in the churchyard, just by the chancel door. The estate
on her death has devolved to Warburton Lytton, Esq.
Against the north wall of the chancel is a black marble monument,
with a female bust in white marble in a niche, subscribed IVDITHA,
and under it an inscription for Judith, daughter of Sir Rowland
Lytton, wife of Sir Nicholas Strode, who died 1662, aged twenty-four.
At the entrance of the Lytton chapel lies a slab inlaid with the
following inscription in five brass lines, in the black character :
" Hie procerutn de stirpe satum cum conjuge clari
Joh'is Hotoft iterum tellusis co . . . urnis,
Hospicii regis qui thesaurarius olim
Henrici Sexti merito pollebat honore.
Sit lux p'petua sibi post haec horrida lustra I"
A sixth line, of which Chauncey gives only :
" Corpora spiritibus. ..."
is now torn away, and the ends of the others are hid by the iron
railing. On the slab are the arms of Hotoft, 3 pikes' heads, twice
single, and once quartering azure 2 bars gules in chief 3 ogresses. — In
Chauncey's time this made part of an altar tomb on the north side of
the chancel. Sir John Hotoft, Sheriff of Herts 7 Henry IV., treasurer
of Henry VI.'s household, knight of the shire i, 2, 3, 5, Henry V.
and i Henry VI., was lord of this manor from 13 Henry IV. to his
death ; and his daughter Idonea conveyed it to Sir John Barre, by
whose daughter. Isabel it passed to Sir Thomas Bourchier; and on
his death, 6 Henry VII., was purchased by the Lyttons.*
* John Robinson Lytton, Esq., of Knebworth, was created Doctor of Civil Law
at Oxford in 1746.
Knebworth. 2 5 ;
In the chancel, on a slab :
"John Ham, clerk, 3d son of John Ham, of Widhayes, Devon, esq., died
May 20, 1684."
On the floor of the chancel lies a fine brass figure of a priest
(Simon Bache) in his cope, adorned with saints. [Inscription omitted.]
At the east end of the church, in the yarJ, is an altar-tomb,
inscribed :
"The rev. Mr. Peter Ellice, rector of this parish, died Jan. 24, 1788, aged 76."
He was of Jesus College, Oxford, M.A. 1736, B.D. 1743; and is
succeeded here, and at Letchworth in the same patronage, by
Price, brother of Mr. P., steward for the estate.
The rectory-house is pleasantly situated at the north-east end of
the village. Just above it is a good brick house built by Mr. Price,
the steward.
R. K. W. G.
Market Street.
[1846, Part //., pp. 467-470.]
Market Street is a way-side village of the old Wading Street, between
St. Albans and Dunstable, and formerly subsisted chiefly upon the
traffic created by the passing traveller. It stands within the three
parishes of Caddington, Flamstead, and Studham, and the first and
last of those parishes are each divided between the two counties of
Bedford and Hertford. So irregular is the boundary line, that it has
been a matter of dispute among the writers of our topographical and
monastic history in which county the cell, or nunnery, which gave
importance to the village, was actually situated. The preponderance
of opinion, however, appears to be in favour of Hertfordshire. Messrs.
Lysons, though they have noticed the nunnery in their " Magna Brit-
annia" for Bedfordshire, say that it was "on the Hertfordshire side of
the parish," and Mr. Clutterbuck has describ-d it in his " History " of
that county.
The foundation of the cell of Markate is ascribed to Roger, a priest
and monk of St. Alban's, whose legendary biography is detailed by
Matthew Paris in his history of the abbots of that house. He was
first led to the spot by three angels, who, clothed in snowy robes and
stoles, each bearing in their hands a cross, and above the cross a
candle burning with more than the splendour of wax, met him at
Windsor when returning from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and, con-
ducting him to the aforesaid spot, declared that he was there to
remain in the service of God. Here, says the histoiian, he suffered
many hardships, and endured such temptations as Matthew thinks
were never surpassed. No one was ever more severe on his own
flesh, no one more compassionate to the afflictions of others. He
was distinguished by the spirit of prophecy, and was esteemed most
excellent in contemplation. With such intentness was he wont to
VOL. xvn. 1 7
258 Hertfordshire.
pray, that when the devil once appeared visibly in flames, and even
set fire to the cowl upon his back, he would not be deterred from his
devout purpose, nor cut short his prayer.
To the teaching of this Roger adhered the blessed Christina, a
virgin born at Huntingdon, who, for the love of chastity, had relin-
quished ample possessions and a paternal roof abounding in riches.
But still Roger consented not to look upon the face of the virgin,
although she remained a recluse with him for four years and more.
On the contrary, he ingeniously contrived to bury her alive. There
was a house adjoining his oratory, and which in its conjunction
formed an angle just sufficient to hold a single table. In this prison
Roger lodged the rejoicing Christina, and placed for a door a block
of wood larger than the prisoner could move. Here the confined
handmaid of Christ sat upon the hard and cold stones, until the
death of Roger, which (as aforesaid) was for four years and more,
concealing five hermits, who all lived together with Roger. Her
bodily sufferings are next described with a minuteness that is almost
disgusting ; also her patience, and the teaching of Roger, the friend
of God. At length she was favoured with a vision of the Lord Jesus
Christ, beautiful in form beyond the sons of men, and bearing a
golden cross, telling her it was necessary that all should bear this
cross who wished to go to Jerusalem. The which vision when she
had related to Roger, he began to weep for joy, saying, in the vulgar
tongue, " Rejoice with me, myn gode Sonendayes doghter (that is, my
good daughter of the Lord's day), for your tribulation is shortly to
cease." And it happened even as the man of God had spoken ; for
he made her his heir in the cell, and she, advised by a vision, and
comforted by the blessed Mary, knew that it was necessary for her
to take up her abode in his habitation.
Other wonders which ensued are too long for detail in this place, but
they are extracted (in the original Latin) in Dugdale's " Monasticon."
Hearing that Thurstan, Archbishop of York, was at the neighbouring
town of Redbourn, Roger requested his neighbour Godescall of
Caddington and his wife to take Christina to that prelate, who was
a great favourer of ascetics, and encouraged the lady in her purpose.
This, however, had no further result ; but, shortly after the hermit's
death, Geoffrey de Gorham, the abbot of St. Alban's was induced by
his opinion of the sanctity of Christina, and the sympathetic visions
with which each were favoured, to build the nunnery from its founda-
tions. A few years after, when a serious fire had occurred, he
repeated this pious labour.
The foundation charter was granted in 1145 by the Dean and
Chapter of St. Paul's. It gave the site of the monastery of the Holy
Trinity in Caddington, as it was then marked out by ditches, and a
wood between the ditches at Watlinghestrete, three furlongs and thirty
perches in length, to Christina and her canonical successors, they
Market Street. 259
paying yearly three shillings to the chapter of St. Paul's. This charter
was laid upon the altar of the church by Ralph the dean, Theodoric
a canon, and Nicholas a clerk, on the part of the chapter, at the time
of its consecration by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln. On this occasion
there were also present Patrick, Bishop of Limerick, Alcelin, Dean
of Lincoln, the Archdeacons of Huntingdon, Bedford, and Bucking-
ham, the abbot, prior, and many monks of St. Alban's, and many
other canons, clerks, and laity.
Into the history of the possessions of the nunnery we here cannot
enter for want of space ; what is known respecting them, and a
list of the prioresses, will be found in the "New Monasticon," *
vol. iii., p. 368. In the 28 Henry VIII. its revenue amounted to
After the dissolution it appears that the house of Merkyate was
first possessed by Humphrey Bourchier, a son of Lord Berners. So
says Leland in his "Itinerary": " Mergate was a nunnery of late
tyme. It stondith on an hil in a faire woode hard by Watheling
streate ; on the est side of it Humfray Boucher, base sunne to the
late lorde Berners, did much coste in translating of the priorie into
a maner-place, but he left it nothing endid." This must have been
before 1536 (28 Henry VIII.), on September 7, in which year "the
scite and demeanes of the late priory of Markeyate, in the countie of
Bedford," were purchased of the King by George Ferrers, gentleman, by
a negotiation of which the particulars are given in the " Monasticon."
It continued in that family until the middle of the seventeenth
century, when it became the property of Thomas Coppin, Esq., who,
by his will in 1662, founded a school in Market Street. His grand-
son, John, in 1734 erected a chapel near the cell, which was repaired
and enlarged by Joseph Howell, Esq., then owner of the cell, early
in the present century.
This gentleman, who purchased from the Coppins, is described by
Mr. Clutterbuck, in 1815, as "the present owner. The mansion-
house (he adds), disencumbered from large gloomy yews and a
blockading terrace, now forms an interesting object from the public
road. Under the terrace were discovered some remains of the
original cell, which have been preserved bv the drawings of Mr.
Fisher."
It is from Mr. Fisher's drawings, made in 1805, which are now
* In p. 369 the editors of the " New Monasticon " quote a note from New-
come's " History of St. Alban's," in which that author notices an assault by fifty
robbers, about the year 1269, on "the cell at Merkgate Street, called St. Giles de
Bosco ;" but the editors in the previous page had said that the nunnery of St. Giles
de Bosco was another foundation. See Woodchurch Priory, in Clutterbuck,
i., 361, and Flamstead Nunnery (the same) in "New Monasticon," vol. iv., p. 299.
Leland has made a mistake respecting this nunnery, calling it St. Leonard's
instead of St. Giles's.
17 — 2
260 Hertfordshire.
before us, that we are enabled to give the following account of what
was then discovered. They consist of:
1. A general view of the house and chapel.
2. A view of the chapel.
3. A south view of the house from the dove-house court.
4. A south view of the house from the inner court, which is that
engraved in the accompanying plate.
5. A view of the foundations of the church of the nunnery, opened
in 1805 on the lawn immediately before the house. These evidently
belonged to the extreme east end, or chanrel.
6 and 7. Sketches of part of a coffin-lid, the fragment of a
sepulchral inscription,
and other architectural fragments, together with a ground-plan, which
is given in the preceding page.
The foundations, which were opened, disclosed several bases of
pilasters, some of them flanking windows, and decidedly of the Early
English period. The sculptured fragments found were also of the
same style.
The ground-floor of the house had windows of Perpendicular
Pointed architecture, and probably of Humphrey Bourchier's
building, immediately after the dissolution, as mentioned by Leland.
The three upper stories were more probably of the age of Charles I.
They presented five gables towards the rear of the building ; and
from an old drawing in the house, it appears there were formerly
gables on all sides, and a turret crowned with a cupola at each corner
of the building.
Towards the highroad on the west the mansion had received a still
more recent front of only two stories, having long sash-windows,
probably of the time of the Coppins. J. G. N.
Paul's Walden.
[1798, Fart II., p. 758.]
Passing the other day through the village of Paul's Walden, in
Hertfordshire, I happened to walk into the church, and there copied
the following inscriptions on flat stones, which at some convenient
opportunity you perhaps may think worth inserting in your Miscellany.
Arms of Gilbert : [Gules], an armed leg couped at the thigh, in
pale between two broken spears [argent, headed or].. Crest, an arm
embowed in armour [proper], holding a broken spear [or], point
downwards.
" Here lyeth the remains of EDWARD GILBERT, late of the Bury, in this parish,
who died the 27th of May, 1762, in the 82d year of his age, leaving behind him
one daughter, Mary, now living, the widow of George Bowes, late of Gibside and
Streatlam castle, in the county of Durham, esq., deceased, and one grand-
daughter, Mary Eleanor Bowes, their daughter, now living."
Paul's Waldcn. 261
Another : The arms of Gilbert impaling a chevron between
three eagles heads erased .
" Here lieth the body of MARY, late wife of Edward Gilbert, of the Bury, in
this parish, who died the 2d of September, MDCCLII., in the XLVith year of her
age.*
Another :
"Here lieth the body of JOHN GILBERT, esf]., who departed this life the loih
of May, 1768, in the S7'.h year of h'S aye."
Another: Arms, an anchor, and on a chief three roundels impaling
a chevron between three sprigs of .
"Here lieih interred the body of JANE HEYSHAM, wife of Robert Heysham,
esq., of Stagenhoe, who departed this life the i6ih day of February, 1721. — Here
also lieth the body of KOHKRT HEYSHAM, of Siagei hoe, esq., who was born in
Lancaster, and served that corporation in pailiament fifteen years, and ihe city of
London seven yeari, who died an alderman of ihe said city the 25th day of
February, anno Domini, 1722, in the 6oth year of his age. He left issue only oue
son, Robert Hey»ham, in the loth year of his age."
On another, an anchor, and in chief three roundels, impaling on a
bend , between two cottises ermine, three lions passant .
"Here lieth inteired the body of WILUAM HEYSHAM, of Greenwich, in ihe
county of Kent, esq., who was member of parliament ten years last past for the
corporation of Lancaster. He mariied Sarah, daughter of Richard Perry, of
London, esq., and died the I4th day of April, anno Domini, 1727, in the 361!) year
of his age."
Another :
" M. S. Here lieth the body of JANE HF.VSIIAM, daughter of Robert Heysham,
of Stagenhoe, esq., who died ihe 14th of November, 1711, aged three years two
months. — Here also lieih the body of ELIZABETH HEVSHAM, daughter of William
Heyaham, esq., of Greenwich, and member ot parliament for Lancaster. She
departed this life the 2oih ol February, 1720, in the 26th year of her age."
The William Heysham last mentioned was probably father of the
other William. B. L.
Ridge.
[1797, Fart I., pp. 9, 10.]
In the year 1547 Sir Thomas Tope, founder of Trinity College,
Oxford, bought of King Henry VIII. the ancient stately mansion-
house of Tyttenhanger, in the parish of Ridge, in Hertfordshire,
being the country-seat of the abbots of St. Alb.m's, and which, but
for this purchase, would have been destroyed as an appendage to the
abbey. This house was so large that, in 1528, King Henty VIII.,
with his queen Catharine and their retinue, removed hither during
the continuance of the sweating sickness in London.
In this house Sir Thomas Pope made great improvements. It
became his favourite place of residence-, and the statutes of his
college are dated thence. He erected over the vestibule of the
great hall a noble gallery lor wind-music. The chapel was a spacious
edifice, and beautifully decorated. The windows were enrichea w.tu
262 Hertfordshire,
painted glass, which Sir Thomas Pope brought hither from the choir
of St. Alban's Abbey, when that church, by his interposition with the
King, was preserved from total destruction. The wainscot behind
or over the stalls was finely painted with a series of the figures of all
the saints who bore the name of John, in memory of John Moor, one
of the abbots. But Sir Thomas Pope put up a new piece of wainscot,
of Spanish oak, on a very large scale, at the east end, most ex-
quisitely sculptured, beginning at the end of the stalls, and continued
towards the altar. This was to adorn that part of the chapel which
was usually called the presbytery, or the space about and near the
altar.
After Sir Thomas Pope's death, in 1559, Tyttenhanger House
continued to be inhabited by the relations of his second wife, bearing
the name of Pope-Blount. In the year 1620 it began to be lessened
or pulled down in part, about which time the family of Napier, then
tenants to Trinity College, Oxford, at Luton, by the mediation of the
college, removed the wainscot above-mentioned, put up by Sir
Thomas Pope in the chapel of Tyttenhanger House, in entire pre-
servation to the chapel of the mansion-house at Luton. John, Earl
of Bute, about the year 1768, pulled down this old mansion-house at
Luton, to build a new house in its place, but, with great taste and
judgment retained the old chapel, with Sir Thomas Pope's wainscot,
where it still remains (" Bibl. Top. Br.it.," viii., 69).
No traces of the old house at Tyttenhanger now remain. It was
totally demolished about the year 1652, and was soon afterwards
most elegantly rebuilt as it appears at present
T. WARTON.
St. Alban's.
[1803, Fart II., pp. 820, 82 1. j
The abbey-church of St. Alban is entered from the west under
a spacious and beautiful porch, above which is a large window,
affording almost all the light in the nave, in which the greater part
of the windows are blocked up. On our entrance we see on each
side four lofty clustered columns supporting pointed arches, beyond
which are three semicircular arches on the north side, with plain
solid pillars ; but opposite these the pillars are clustered and the
arches pointed. As we advance, a most beautiful stone screen
presents itself to our view. This is principally composed of niches
with their canopies, and has two doors richly carved. It probably
divided the nave from the ancient choir. Within this are on each
side three semicircular arches with a modern marble font in the
centre of the pavement. The part of the edifice at present appro-
priated to the celebration of divine service is principally situated
under the tower (which is supported by four strong semicircular
arches) ; it is small, and pewed like most other parish churches.
St. Albans. 263
The chancel has on the north side the magnificent monument of
Abbot Ramridge, a very large and elegant structure, occupying all
the space under one of the arches, and adorned with quatrefoils,
arms, etc., and with the abbot's device — a ram having a collar round
its neck, on which is the word ribgc. Opposite this is another
beautiful erection, open on each side, and arched with stone, occupy-
ing nearly as much space as Abbot Rarjiridge's tomb, but less lofty.
This, I was informed, was erected by the Abbot John, of Wheat-
hamstead, as a private chapel or (as I suppose) chantry. It has,
however, very much the appearance of an altar-tomb ; and Mr.
Gough, possessed, perhaps, with that idea, requested and obtained
permission of the Rev. Mr. Nicholson, the incumbent of the living,
to open the pavement. Nothing, however, was discovered to satisty
his curiosity. On the pavement of this chancel is a lajge and
singularly beautiful brass, having the figure of an abbot in his
pontifical robes and mitre, and surrounded by saints, etc., in small
niches. This commemorates the abbot Thomas De!amere, and was
saved from the fury of Cromwell's soldiery by the prudence of the
inhabitants, who in that dangerous period reversed its sides. A little
to the north of this is another brass, having the figure of a knight in
armour, but the inscription is gone ; it, however, commemorates Sir
Anthony Grey. Near this is a third brass, having the figure of a
monk, with a scroll proceeding from his mouth, and an inscription
under his feet, to the memory of Brother Robert Banner, formerly
a monk of this monastery. This chancel also contains some other
remains of brasses, but too imperfect to be described. The altar-
screen is, perhaps, one of the most beautiful in the kingdom. It is
of stone, and composed chiefly of niches, something similar to that
in New College Chapel, Oxford, erected from a design of Mr. Wyatt.
Behind the screen is the presbytery, where the archdeacon holds his
court, and which is also used as a vestry. It has on the south
side a large and magnificent altar-tomb, erected to the memory of
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, brother of Henry V. On the north
side is a large wooden erection, open on the sides like a screen, and
used by the monks to watch the shrine of St. Alban, at that time
immensely rich ; and against the east wall are several stone coffins,
at present entirely empty. In the year 1710, in digging a grave, a
flight of stone steps was discovered leading to an arched stone vault,
which contained the body of Duke Humphrey, enclosed in a leaden
coffin, and preserved in a sort of pickle. The liquid has since dis-
appeared, but the bones still remain ; and the coffin, being much
injured by time, has been placed in a wooden shell. To satisfy the
curiosity of travellers, a trap-door was placed over the stairs, which
still affords an entrance to the vault. In this presbytery stood the
shrine of St. Alban, which has, of course, completely vanished, but
the place which it occupied is marked by some white stones in the
264 Hertfordshire.
pavement. At the upper end of the north aisle is Offa, King of
Mercia, painted in his regal robes, with this inscription : " Fundator
ecclesiae circiter, ann. 793." The lower part is erased by the damp.
The north transept has two perfect brasses. One commemorates
William Stradr, and Margaret, his wife; the other Maud Harris, both
dated before the Reformation, with an elegant mural monument
to the memory of Christopher Rawlinson, date 1733. The south
transept has a large modern window, but, I believe, nothing else
remarkable. The south aisle has, near the entrance of the choir,
a very beautiful door, covered with a profusion of rich and delicate
carving, and having on each side a large niche, which formerly most
probably contained a statue. The whole is adorned with quatrefoils,
the arms of France and England, of the abbey, etc.
This noble edifice is 350 feet in length from east to west, and 144
feet to the summit of the tower in altitude. It is principally roofed
with wood, which, in the nave from the west window to the tower,
is painted in square compartments, with tl)t in the midst of them.
Beyond the tower the roof is arched, and painted with armorial
bearings. Great part of the pavement is composed of stones formerly
adorned with brasses, but they (excepting those already mentioned)
have wholly disappeared.
Of the adjoining monastery, formerly spacious and magnificent in
the extreme, are at present no remains, except a lew broken walls
and a large gateway, all the other erections were barbarously destroyed
by the mad frenzy of the Reformers ; and had it not been for the
liberality of the inhabitants of the parish, who purchased the abbey-
church of Edward VI. to render it parochial, that venerable structure
would most probably have shared the same miserable fate. How
much must the antiquary regret that many other venerable remains
of antiquity were not saved from destruction by a similar liberality!
The arms of the abbey, yet remaining in many parts of the church,
were, Azure, a saltire gules.
H. S.
[1865, Part II., pp. 491-494-]
As far as we can gather from the notices given by Matthew Paris
and the Survey of Edward VI., illustrated by later information, there
was on the south side of the nave of St. Alban's a large " quadrant
court." 150 feet square, having on its west side the new dormitory;
on the east a slype, 29 fiet 6 inches by 9 feet n inches still remain-
ing, and the chapter-house, built by Abbot Robert de Gorham; and
on the south the refectory, with lavatories and a kitchen adjoining.
The eastern alley was built by Abbot Robert, from the slype to the
south side of the court, the northern portion being completed by
Abbot Trumpington 1214-35; the north and west alleys were added
by Abbot Roger 1260-90. Abbot Trumpington built, (i) a cloister
between the chapter-house and St. Cuthbert's Chapel, rejuilt in the
St. Attan's. 265
reign of Edward III. ; (2) one of three sides, apparently for the
guests, from the kitchen, one to the entrance of the regular cloister,
another extending on the other side of it to the door of the guest-
house, and the third alley from that doorway to the alley towards
the tailors' shop, with a shrubbery in the centre; and (3) a cloister
of four sides leading to the infirmary. This little cloister (of the
infirmary), with chambers over it, adjoined the new dormitory, and
at the other end abutted on the oriel (the porch to the principal
guest-house, which stood over cellarage built by Abbot John of
Hertford 1235-60), and on the other on the fratry or refectory. The
new dormitory was built (over cellarage) by Abbot Trumpington on
the west side, the stairs into the south nave aisle partly remaining,
the former, or long dortor, having been, we may assume, on the east
side, as the old monk's door opened into the south arm of the
transept. Abbot Geoffrey, 1119-46, built, according to the usual
arrangement, a hall and cnapel on the east for the infirmary; and
also another hall, with the chamber allotted to the Queen. Abbot
Robert, 1151-66. erected the royal parlour, with St. Nicholas' Chapel
[? Guesthouse Chapel], the cloister in front of the chapter-house,
the long stable, and bath house or laundry, and the granary and
larder, wiih two upper rooms. The infirmary, as at Worcester and
Durham, adjoined the dormitory, and occupied the vacant space
alongside the western part of the nave opposite the great gate.
Abbot Roger built a large house, the lower part forming the larder,
and the upper floor the lodging of the abbot's servants. This great
gateway, still existing, opened into a " quadrant court," about 400
feet square, and covering an acre of ground. On the south side
was the king's granary, adjoining the old hall ; on the west side were
the king's stables, and at the end the almonry; on the east side
were other buildings. In the outer court was Hames' Gate. On the
north of the transept was St. Andrew's Church, lor the use of the
servants, and a great bell-tower still remaining. Towards the west
of the base court were the grange and mill, and to the south the
orchards, extending over ten acres, and near the ordnance orchard
the barn and brewhouse. The sites of the abbot's, the bursar's, the
cellarer's, and the prior's lodgings cannot be ascertained, or those of
the subordinate officers.
The general arrangement of Durham and Worcester, which so
strikingly resemble each other, may offer a clue to that of St. Alban's.
There, eastward of the chapter-house, stood the prior's lodging, with
the great guesten-hall and entrance porch or oriel (at St. Alban's
westward of the great cloisters). On the west side of the church was
the infirmary; the cellarer's lodging was on the west of the kitchen,
which stood south-west of the refectory; and the kitchener's lodging
was again south of the kitchen ; the almonry adjoined the great
gate-house; and the bakehouse stood on the south side of the great
266 Hertfordshire.
court At Durham the prior's lodging and chapel stood on the
south-east side of the great cloister; the bursar's chequer joined the
cole-garth of the kitchen ; at the west end of the latter was the
cellarer's chequer. The garners, after the suppression, formed the
eighth and ninth prebendal houses, and the bakehouse was attached
to the eleventh stall.
I have thus endeavoured to sketch a bold outline of the conventual
arrangement, in order to illustrate the accompanying document, and
also as far as possible rectify the erroneous plan laid down by Mr.
Newcome. When shall we have a new edition of the "Monasticon,"
with all the additions which now could readily be made ?
Survey of the Scite of the Abbey of St. Alban's, 2 Edward VI. :
The fermory [infirmary] with the Chapel.
The new Ordnance and the Library.
The Longe Dormitory.
Thabbotts lodgings and the hall called thabbotts hall.
Thabbots Kitchin.
The Spicery and the surveying place between the abbots hall and
his Kitchin.
The Burcers [Bursar's] and the cellarers lodgings.
The Old Hall.
The Quadrant Cloyster.
The Chapter Howse.
The lavatories in the said Cloyster.
The well house.
The Priors lodging with all the edifices belonging therto, and the
walks about the Prior's orchard
The newe Dorter and the lodging both above and beneathe the
same.
A little cloyster with certain chambers over the same cloisters
adjoining to the said dorter, and abutting on the one end upon the
Oryall,* and on the other part upon the frayter.
The offyce in the Laundry.
The office in the bakehouse and brewhouse and the boylynghouse.
The Convent Kychen.
The Oryell with one entry adjoining (timber 40% terne zos, stone
20s, pavyng tyle 6s 8d).
The Kitchener lodging adjoynyng to the Oryell.
The Fraitre.
A mudde wall belonging to the new ordinance! orchard, a mudde
wall on the s. of the newe ordinance orchard, the mudde wall
* Palatio regio adjacet atrium nobilissimum in introitu quod porticus vel
oriolum appellatur (" Matt. Par. Vit. Abb.," p. 142, ed. Wats).
t Thos. Albon, "Gustos novae ordinationis," 1451 (Newcome, 355).
6V. Attaris. 267
abowghte the launde and garden, with a lytle house adjoyning to the
same.
A Barne and a brewhouse adjoyning to the same, situate between
the barne reserved for the King's majestys stable and the ryver.
Marble Pase, by estimation iii*x fote, valued at 6s 8d, the whole
valuation is 205'' 7s 4d.
The orchards and gardens, which were in the hands of Sir Francis
Bryan, keeper of the site of the sd monastery, contain 10 acres, and
2 acres whereon the edifices do still remain, worth to us 66s 8d
per ann.
The parcel underwritten to be reserved to the officers of the Kgs.
stable.
A quadrant court, i acre.
On the south part in the sd court Garners called the King's Garnery
adjoining the Old Hall.
Next to them Sir Andrew Dudley hath a lodging in the garden.
Alexander Zenzan, one of the Nites, has a lodging.
Mr. Palmer, one of the surveyors of the stable, hath a lodging.
A square gate house, called Hames gates, where Mr. Parker, one
of the Queene .... lyeth.
On the west side of the sd Court are the Kgs. stables, and the
end of which stables is the Purveyor's lodging called the Almery.
On the north part is the great gatehouse, where is the master of
the heron's lodging ; in the lower part is the King's gaol for the liberty
of St. Albans, covered with lead i o fother.
The Purveyor's lodgeyng.
At the east side of the sd court another lodging, where lieth Mr.
Justice and Mr. Leonard, two of the Riders of the Kgs. house.
(Add. M.S. 24,514, fol. 80-82.)
A few hints of the position of the ancient buildings may be gleaned
from the Cottonian MSS. quoted in the " Monasticon." Abbot Wheat-
hampstede, 1420-40, built the new infirmary chambers and chapel ;
and a notable chamber, 95 feet long, for the abbot's hospitality at
royal visits, and the library near it (ii. 242, 247).
Abbot Mote, who died 1400, built the Abbot's Chamber near the
transept (p. 198), and Wheathampstede repaired a chamber between
the Abbot's Chapel and hall, and a pentice, or gallery, leading to it
(p. 242) from the hall, enlarging the study and restoring the clock
chamber (p. 201 ; Newcome, p. 388). The "chamber" was improved
'by Abbot Heyworth ("Monast.," p.i99). Abbot Wallingford, 1326-34,
laid the first stone of the new cloister, and the work of the church,
from the wall of the Abbot's Chapel towards the cloister. De la Mote
also rebuilt two parts of the cloister, with the carols, the library, and
St. Nicholas' [? Guest-house] Chapel, under which was to have been
the muniment chamber (p. 198 ; Newcome, p. 28 A Heyworth
completed his works in the cloister (" Monast.," p. 199). Abbot de la
268 Hertfordshire.
Mare, 1350-96, built the water gate (destroyed 1772), the almonry
gate, and the kitchen, and roofed the refectory (p. 198). The cloister
was 129 feet square, each alley being 21 feet broad (p. 213).
The New Ordinance was the office of master of the works, founded
1429 (Newcome, 379)- Stubbard built the seats in the cloisters near
the doors, either a bench-table, or seats for the Maunday (p. 316).
The parlour opened upon the west alley of the cloister (p. 317).
St. Cuthbcrt's altar adjoined the cloister door (p. 320).
I am. etc, MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT, B. D., F.S.A.
[1797, Part //.,/. 928.]
Let me give your readers some idea of the devastation made, in
consequence of the tremendous storm which happened on the morn-
ing of the 25th of September, in the abbey-church at St. Alban's.
On entering this venerable pile, soon after the torrents of rain had
in part subsided, how was I struck with the awful scene which then
presented itself to my view ! Many of the graves were opened, the
monumental slabs and the pavement falling into the ground in every
direction !
The drains near the north door having been stopped, the rain had
made its way into the church, and caused the above disaster. Though
the pavement still continued to give way wherever I turned, I could
not resist the impulse to examine if any part of the main building
had sustained the least injury. Upon strict observation, I found
that the force of all the destruction wrought upon the pavement had
centred round the pier of the arch next to the north-west pier of the
great tower.
From my representing to the churchwardens my apprehensions for
the safety of the building, and that it was absolutely necessary to
clear round the invaded pier of the arch, they the next day complied
with my request ; and it was found that the projecting foundation of
the pier had sunk several inches in the centre out of its horizontal
level.
I am sorry to say not any attention was paid to this dangerous
appearance ; as, from its relative connection to the great tower, it
was incumbent to have given it permanent security. It is not at all
unlikely that on this circumstance depends the future preservation of
the whole building — a building which claims universal admiration
and should claim univen-al protection. Its high antiquity (being
built almost entirely with the Roman bricks from Old Verulam), the
singularity, beauty, and elegance of its several parts, the profuse
display of the abilities of our ancient artists, are here to be seen
in the most eminent degree ; and in every part are to be found
memorials of the great and good of former times ; as are also
numberless other objects, which, while they exist, give sanction to
the truth of history ; deprived of which, the records of ancient times
St. Albaris. 269
would fade, the incredulous mind of the historic reader would turn
from the unsupported tale, and all our boasted deeds of former glory
be then no more. AN ARCHITECT.
[1819, Part I., p. 593.]
The accompanying plate, from an early drawing by your late
ingenious correspondent, Mr. John Carter, exhibits a pleasing view
of part of the nave and side-aisles of the Abbey Church of St. Alban,
looking to the nonh-west ; a portion of the building which is thus
noticed by Mr. Carter in his "Account of the Abbey Church/' pub-
lished by the Society of Antiquaries :
'' The Saxon work (to the east or right hand of the plate) is in nine
divisions westward from the centre tower, made out by piers worked
on the first story into breaks ; the centre, or principal one, rises the
whole height of the elevation ; the other breaks, ri j^ht and left, run
into arches. In the aisle Pointed windows, with niullionsand tracery
(work of the fifteenth century), have been inserted. The second
story, once a gallery, but destroyed, has small piers and plain arches,
which opened into the gallery. These arches have been filled up
with common windows of the sixteenth century. The third story
has its windows complete, except in the first division from the west,
which has one in the style of those added at the gallery of communi-
cation westwards.
"Taking the upright in its principal lines, exclusive of the window
introductions in the first two stories, a plain and uniform grandeur
is expressed, and the proportions of each part happily maintained.
It may be allowed that the architecture here presented, by its near
affinity to the Roman manner, is one of the earliest specimens of the
labours of our Saxon architects, whether ecclesiastical or professional
men, in that branch of science.
" The centre tower is also of Saxon work, and there are likewise
vestiges of Saxon work eastward of it, where the choir was carried
on in that mode, but destroyed for another introduced in the Pointed
style.
" How far the original church extended westward cannot now be
ascertained, but it is probable that it terminated nearly where the
modern work begins. This consists of four divisions, of the Pointed
order, bearing the style of the thirteenth century. Clusters of four
columns, attached to an octangular pier, support the arches of the
first story. The windows on the side aisle are obliterated. The
gallery story, consisting of clusters of columns, support double arches.
In the spandrils of the arches of the first story are small clusters of
columns, rising from consoles, which indicate a support to the prin-
cipal cluster of columns of the gallery. The third, or window story,
has its piers set with columns and compartments. Through the
thickness of these piers runs a gallery of communication. The
270 Hertfordshire.
windows are of the early simple Pointed form, without mullions or
tracery." N. R. S.
[1832, Parti., p. ioo.]
The Abbey of St. Alban's is said to be in so ruinous a state that
some part of the parapet has fallen,* and unless active exertions are
used to create a fund for its repair (the parish being totally incom-
petent to raise a sufficient sum of money), this matchless monument,
admirable for the beauty and delicacy of its detail, and the sublimity
of its design, will be numbered with the ruins which certainly adorn
our country, but which are daily crumbling into dust. . . .
[1832, Part //., pp. 204, 205.]
During the public interest that prevails at present with respect to
the ancient Abbey of St. Alban, permit me to offer to you and your
readers the following curious recollections preserved by Ashmole in
a paper contained in his MS. No. 1137, f. siK MEAA2.
" 26 Aug. 68. From ye relac'on of Mrs. Simpson.
" Mr. Robert Shrimpton, grandfather by the mothers side to Mrs.
Simpson of St. Albans, was 4 tymes Maior of St. Albans ; he died
about 60 yeares since, being then about 103 years of age. t He lived
when the Abbey of St. Albans flourished before the dissoluc'on ; and
remembred most things relating to the buildings of the Abbey, to
the regiment of the house, the ceremonies in the church and grand
processions, of all wch he would often discourse in his lyfe tyme.
" Among others — That in the great hall there was an ascent of
15 steps to the Abbott es table, vnto wch the Monkes brought vp the
service in plate, and staying at every 5' step [where] was a lands
place, on ev'ry of wch they sung a short hyinne. The Ab[b]ot usually
sat alone in the midle of the table, and when any Noblemen or
Embassadors or strangers of eminent quality came thither, they sat
at his table towards the ends thereof.
"After the Monks had waited a while on the Abbot, they sat
downe at two other tables placed on the sides of the hall, and had
their service brought up by the Novices, who, when the Monkes had
dyned, sat downe to their owne dinner.
* On the 3rd of February, about 7 a.m., a large portion of the wall of the
upper battlement, on the south-west side, fell upon the roof below with such
weight that it drove in the leads and timber, and everything in its way, into the
souih aisle of the building. It fell in two masses, at an interval of five minutes,
and so great was the concussion that the inhabitants of the neighbouring houses
describe it as resembling the loudest thunder. Mr. Wyatt was employed about
ten years since to inspect the abbey, when he reported that a sum exceeding
,£30,000 would be necessary effectually to repair this building, since which it has
been getting worse, so that at the present lime a much larger sum than that would
be required. The south transept has been for a considerable time considered in a
dangerous state, and is now scarcely safe to be allowed to remain.
f He was, therefore, born about 1505, and died about 1608.
Sf. A Man's. 271
"This Mr. Shrimpton remembers, that when the newes came to
St. Albons of Q. Maries death, the then Abbot, for greife, tooke his
chamber, and dyed wthin a fortnight.
"He also rem'bers the hollow Image, erected neere S' Albons shrine,
wherein one being placed to governe the wyres, the eyes would move,
and head nodd, accords as he liked or disliked the offering; and
that, being young, he had many tymes crept into the hollow p'te
thereof.
" In the grand Processions through the Towne, where the Image
of St. Albons was carried, it was vsually borne by 12 Monkes, and
after it had been sett downe a while at the market cross, and the
Monkes assaying to take it vp againe, they p'tended they could not
stir it, and then the Abbot coming and laying his crosier upon the
Image, (and using these wordes —Arise, arise, St. Albons arise, and
get thee home to thy sanctuary !) it then forthwith yeilded to be
borne by the Monkes.
" In the Abbey was a larg roome, having beddes set on either
side for the receipt of strangers and pilgrims, where they had
lodging and dyet for 3 dayes, without question made whence they
came, or whether they went : but after that tyme, they staid not
wthout rendring an account of both."
[1832, Part. II,, p. 389.]
No modern town would, in all probability, have arisen in imme-
diate connection with the site of old Verulam — but its limits would
have remained at this day like those of that curious contemporary
relic Silchester, a mere boundary-hedge to the husbandman — had it
not been for the memory of the courage and sufferings of Albanus, a
Roman citizen and Christian martyr, who died for his unshaken
devotion to the Christian faith, in the persecution of the church
under Diocletian. . . . Albanus was the pupil of Amphibalus,
who also suffered martyrdom ; and the fame of both, with some
tradition of the place of their interment, had remained until the end
of the ninth century, when the bones of St. Alban were disinterred
by the Mercian monarch, Offa, under alleged miraculous guidance,
and enshrined in the church of the monastery founded by him on
the eminence about three hundred yards north of old Verulam. On
the authority of Matthew Paris, the historian (who it were superfluous
to say flourished in the thirteenth century, and was a monk of St.
Alban's Abbey), we learn that the successive earlier abbots were
exceedingly busy in ransacking the site of old Verulam for materials
wherewith to construct the church of the monastery, which at first
was but a slight and temporary building. Large heaps of Roman
brick were collected for this purpose, and used by Paul, who succeeded
to the abbacy in the year 1077, and a portion of whose work, con-
sisting of the lofty arches and piers, entirely of Roman brick, which
272 Hertfordshire.
. . .
support the central towers, remains at this day an interesting confir-
mation of Matthew Paris's account.
The Abbey Church of St. Alban's consists of a pile of building
extending from east to west about 540 feet, the transepts from north
to south 175 feet ; behind the high altar is a chapel of the Virgin, or
Lady Chapel, erected at a somewhat later period than that at Sr.
Saviour's, Southwark, but characterized in language applicable to
both edifices as " a structure, the proportions of which are so just
and beautiful, and its decorations display so much elegant simplicity,
that it may be referred to as a specimen of pure and cultivated taste,
and a model that would do credit to any age."*
The nave of the church is constructed for the greater part in the
style of the thirteenth century; it has a very interesting painted
ceiling of board, which was erected by Abbot Wheathampstead in
1428; this is divided into square compartments, in each of which
are painted £ ,Jj ,§> encircled by eight Gothic converging arches ;
the whole effect of the roof seen from the choir is exceedingly rich.
It is, we understand (for we have not yet personally visited the spot),
a long portion of the upper part of the south wall of this nave which
has given way, fallen upon, and considerably damaged the roof of
the adjoining aisle. An appeal, as we have seen, has been made to
the public, soliciting their aid to effect the necessary repairs. We
have too many recent instances on record of the prevalent feeling in
similar maters to suppose that that appeal can be made in vain, and
we hope at no distant day to see a sum of money set apart by Govern-
ment in aid of the general support of edifices connected with the
history of our country, with our national reputation for science, and
with our religious faith. . . .
Yours, etc., A. J. K.
[1806, Part II., pp. 617, 618.]
For the benefit of modern repairers of our ancient churches, take
the following account of St. Peter's Church at St. Alban's, which,
though rebuilt about the time of Henry III., appears to have
undergone considerable repairs and alterations, the most recent of
which have been at the expense of about ^4,000 since the year
1803, when an Act of Parliament was obtained to empower certain
trustees, appointed under the said Act, to borrow money to the above
amount.
The tower having become extremely ruinous and in great danger
of falling, had been previously taken down, and a general reparation
of the whole structure was deemed necessary.
"All the expensive repairs and modern alterations of this fabric
have probably originated from an order of vestry, made on April 20,
1756, in the following words : 'That the succeeding churchwardens
* Ntale's "Colleg. and Paroch. Churches," vol. i.
St. Albaris. 273
have the old belfry taken down, and the middle floor sunk as low as it
can conveniently be to make another belfry.' To explain this it is
necessary to observe that the original belfry was so low as to
obstruct that perspective view of the chancel which the then
rulers of the parish were desirous of obtaining, and therefore, under
the order above stated, they had a new belfry erected, the floor
of which is said to have been about 22 feet higher than the old floor.
This answered the purpose of opening the view, but was soon dis-
covered to have done essential injury to the building from violating
the principles on which it had been originally constructed. The old
belfry floor had rested against the four great piers which supported the
tower, and were below of solid masonry ; yet it now appeared that
the original builders had not carried them up solid so high as the
place which the new floor was to rest upon, but had contented them-
selves with an outside casing filled only with rubble. Under these
circumstances, on the nth of May, 1785, the vestry resolved, 'That
whereas the two piers (or part thereof) of the church tower next the
south aisle is in a dangerous and ruinous condition,' the same be forth-
with 'repaired.' For that purpose a carpenter in the parish was em-
ployed, who introduced one of his own friends in the character of a
surveyor ; these fit associates having undermined the piers of the
tower — a heavy building 33 feet square — prepared to set them upon
wooden legs, and accordingly dragged from London (where probably
they had been lying upon the mud in the river Thames), thirty-six
great blocks of Memel timber, which they set upright, nine in each
pier, and then surrounded them with brickwork separately, and after-
wards walled round and covered with plaster the four piers, so as to
make them look like strong, massy columns. With similar incon-
sideration the vestry, on the 6th of September, 1 786, granted permission
to certain persons, who desired it, to add, at their own expense, two
new triples to the eight bells already belonging to the church, all
tending to increase the superincumbent weight.
"The amount of the expense wasted on this repair was .£2,790,
and almost as soon as it was finished the parish seemed to be alarmed
with apprehension of the consequence ; for so early as the 22nd of
March, 1790, a vestry met to inspect the state of the four principal
pillars, and the vicar having moved that Mr. Richard Norris, of Christ
Hospital, should survey them immediately : he did so on the 24th
of April following, and gave it as his ' opinion that so long as the
timbers used in them remained sound, the tower might be safe ; but,'
he adds, 'should they decay, I doubt the tower's standing, and am
sorry to say that, Irom the appearance of some of them, I should fear
they are proceeding to that state.' In the meantime the vicar and the
archdeacon did all in their power to prevent mischief and promote
peace, but in vain. Vestries were held continually ; one forbade the
ringing of the bells ; the next rescinded the prohibition and ordered
VOL. XVII. 1 8
274 Hertfordshire.
it. More surveyors were called in, of whom some said that the
timbers were ' perfectly sound, and would be capable of supporting the
tower for at least seven years to come ;' others declared they were
decaying, till at length Mr. James Lewis, of Christ's Hospital, having
made a fair and unbiassed report of the state of things, the parish
were persuaded to take down the tower, after they had gone on for
years, sometimes using the church, and at other times having it shut
up. To close the scene, on the morning of Saturday, the 2ist of
November, 1801 (service being at that time performed every Sunday)
the whole floor of the belfry fell at once into the body of the church,
and crushed several of the pews to pieces, a beam that supported the
floor, and rested on the piers, having broken off, being quite rotten.
This event obliged the parish to apply to Parliament for an Act to
enable them to rebuild the tower and chancel upon a reduced scale,
and more effectually to repair the church ; this Act passed on the
24th of March, 1803. The Bishop of Ely, to whom the chancel
belonged, agreed to its being made smaller, and with his lessees of
the great tithes of the rectory handsomely contributed towards the
expense, on condition that the parish should secure to the appropriator
the site of the old chancel and maintain the new one for the time to
come. The architect appointed to effect the recent alterations was
Mr. Robert Chapman, of Wormwood Street, London."* D. H.
[1853, Parti., p. 617.]
In Foxe's account of the martyrdom at St. Alban's of George
Tankerfield, A.D. 1555, is the following passage: "The sheriffs
brought Geo. Tankerfield to the place where he should suffer, which
was called Romeland, being a green place near to the west end of the
Abby Church " (" Acts and Mon.," iii. 330, edit. 1688).
This piece of ground, which still retains its name, forms an
irregular triangle about three acres in extent, immediately adjacent to
the still remaining gateway of the monastery. It is bounded on the
east and north sides by houses, some of very ancient date, and a
mansion called Romeland House, which appears to have been pulled
down about a century since, formerly stood at its western extremity.
It retained its character of a " green place" till about 1840, when the
principal part of it was consecrated as an additional burial-ground for
the parish of St. Alban.
It is remarkable that this Romeland at St. Alban's bears the same
relative position to the abbey there, as the Romeland, mentioned in
your number for this month by Mr. Corner, has to the Abbey of
Waltham. Yours, etc., GERARD W. LYDEKKER.
* "Beauties of England and Wales," vol. vii., p. 97.
St. Albaris. 275
[1845, Part 7., //. 39-45-]
Gorhambury derived its name from the family of Robert de
Gorham, who was elected Abbot of St. Alban's in 1151, and who
alienated from the Church this manor (previously called Westwick) in
favour of his secular relatives. It was reunited by purchase to the
possessions of the abbey in 1389.
The foundations of the monastic manor-house, including those of
a large round tower, may still be traced in dry summers. It was
situated in front of the modern house, lower down the hill, and com-
manding a good view of the wood.*
After the dissolution of monasteries, the manor was granted by the
Crown to Ralph Rowlet, Esq., afterwards knighted, and sold by his
grandson, Ralph Maynard, Esq., to Sir Nicholas Bacon, the Lord
Keeper.
Sir Nicholas Bacon commenced erecting a new mansion at
Gorhambury on March i, 1363. Among the papers of his son
Anthony, in the library at Lambeth Palace, is one containing the
following particulars :
"A Brief of the whole charges bestowed upon the building of
Gorhambury, between the years 1563 and the last day of September,
1568, viz., by the space of five years and fourteen days :
9 o
1564 461 7 i
1565 177 6 7-J
1566 568 3 9
1567 171 8 8*
1568 204 i 6 8
[Total .£1898 ii gf]
" Memorandum. There is not accounted for in this brief any
Timber felled in the Lord Keeper's woods or otherwise ; neither is
there valued any freestone from the abbey of St. Alban's, lime, sand;
nor the profits that might have accrued of burning and making of
brick within the time mentioned."
Sir Nicholas Bacon's building consisted of a quadrangle of about
70 feet square, in the centre of which was the entrance, and on each
side small turrets. The door of entry led through a cloister into a
court, in which, facing the entrance, was a porch of Roman archi-
tecture, which still exists in ruin, and is represented in the accom-
panying plate. Over the arch, engraved on gray marble, were the
following lines, written by Sir Nicholas himself :
* See a plan, showing the situations of the four successive mansions at Gorham-
bury, in the " History of Gorhambury," by the Hon. Charlotte Grimston, pro-
duced about the year 1826 (see Martin's "Catalogue of Privately Printed Books,"
p. 236).
18— 2
276 Hertfordshire.
" HJEC CUM PERFECIT NICOLAUS TECTA BACONUS,
ELIZABETH REGNI LUSTRA FUERE DUO ;
FACTUS EQUES, MAGNI CUSTOS FUIT IPSE SIGILLI,
GLORIA SIT SOLI TOTA TRIBUTA DEO.
MEDIOCRIA FIRMA."
From the porch an ascent of four or five steps led to the upper end
of the hall. In the centre of the lower end was a door of carved oak,
which led to a suite of apartments occupying the left hand or western
side of the quadrangle, and consisting of an eating-room, a small
ante-chamber, and a drawing-room. On the opposite side were
several other rooms, and a small hall called the armour hall. Behind
the hall was a second court, surrounded by the offices.
The gallery was panelled with oak, gilt in compartments, with
Latin inscriptions over each. In the Royal Collection of MSS. at
the British Museum (17 A xxm.) is a volume containing copies of
these inscriptions, beautifully written on fourteen oblong leaves of
vellum, in gold letters upon various coloured grounds. The first page
contains a very beautiful illumination of the arms of Joanna Lady
Lumley,* the heiress of the Earls of Arundel, with this super-
scription :
" Syr Nicholas Bacon Knyghte to his very good larlye the Ladye
Lumley sendeth this."
At the head of the next page is the following title :
" Sentences painted in the Lorde Kepars Gallery at Gorhambury,
and selected by him owt of divers authors, and sent to the good
Ladye Lumley at her desire."
The sentences themselves, which are thirty-seven in number, and
each bearing a title, as DE SUMMO BONO, DE AMBITIONE, are tran-
scribed in Miss Grimston's book ; and we believe facsimiles of some
of them have been published by Mr. Henry Shaw, F.S.A.
The two following are specimens, and they are given because they
were omitted (no doubt accidentally) by Miss Grimston :
"DE AMICITIA. [i.]
" In amico admonendo, melius est successum, quam fidem deesse. Omnia cum
amico delibera : sed de ipso, prius."
"DE AMORE. [i.]
"Amor, insana amicitia : illius affectus : istius ratio, causa : at ea sola amicitia
durat, cui virtus basis est."
Over a gate leading into the orchard, which had a garden on one
side and a wilderness on the other, under the statue of Orpheus, stood
these verses :
" Horrida nuper eram aspectu latebrjeque ferarum,
Ruricolis tantum numinibusque locus.
Edomitor fausto hue dum forte supervenit Orpheus,
Ulterius qui me non sinit esse rudem ;
* Some notices of the literary pursuits of Joanna Lady Lumley will be found
in the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, vol. ciii., ii., 495.
I
Si. A Mans. 277
Convocat, avulsis virgulta virentia truncis,
Et sedem qua: vel Diis placuisse potest.
Sicque mei cultor, sic est mihi cultus et Orpheus :
Floreat O poster cultus amorque diu !"
In the orchard was a little banqueting-house, adorned with great
curiosity, having the liberal arts beautifully depicted on its walls;
over them the pictures of such learned men as had excelled in each,
and under them verses expressive of the benefits derived from the
study of them. These verses, and the names of those whose pictures
were there placed, follow :
"GRAMMAR.
" Lex sum sermonis, linguarum regula certa,
Qui me non didicit cjetera nulla petal."
DONATUS, LILLY, SERVIUS, and PRISCIAN.
ARITHMETIC.
" Ingenium exacuo, numerorum arcana recludo,
Qui numeros didicit quid didicisse nequit."
STIFELIUS, BUD^EUS, PYTHAGORAS.
LOGIC.
"Divide multiplices, res explanoque latentes,
Vera exquiro, falsa arguo, cuncta prol>o. "
ARISTOTLE, RODOLPH, PORPHYRY, SETON.
MUSIC.
" Mitigo moerores, et acerbas lenio curas,
Gestiat ut placidis mens hilarata sonis."
ARIAN, TERPANDER, ORPHEUS.
RHETORIC.
" Me duce splendescit, gratis prudentia verbis,
Jamque ornata nitet quae fuit ante rudis."
CICERO, ISOCRATES, DEMOSTHENES, QUINTILIAN.
GEOMETRY.
" Corpora describo rerum, et quo singula pacto
Apte sunt formis appropriata suis."
ARCHIMIDES, EUCLID, STRABO, APOLI.ONIUS.
ASTROLOGY.
" Astrorum lustrans cursus viresque potentes,
Elicio miris fata futura modis."
REGIOMONTANUS, HALY, COPERNICUS, PTOLEMY.
From the paper already inserted, it has been shown that the house
was not finished until 1568. Four years atter, as is supposed, it
received its first visit from Queen Elizabeth. Her intention of EO
doing is recorded by the following letter* of the Lord Keeper to the
Lord Treasurer :f
* The original is in MS. Linsd., 14.
t The Queen came to Goihambury from the Lord Treasurer's own mansion at
278 Hertfordshire.
" After my hartie comendacions. Understanding by comen speche
that the Quenes Matie meanes to come to my howse, And knowyng
no certentie of the tyme of her comyng nor of her aboade, I have
thowght good to praye you that this bearer my servaunt might under-
stand what you knowe therein, And yf it be trewe, Then that I myght
understond yor advise what you thinke to be the best waye for me to
deale in this matter. For, in very deede, no man is more rawe in
suche a matter then my selfe. And thus wisshing to yor L. as to my
selfe, I leave any further to trouble you at this tyme. From my howse
at Gorhamburie this xijth of Julij, 1572.
" Yor L. assured
" N. BACO, C. S."
The date is altered from the Xth to the xijth, and the Lord Keeper
has added to the letter, which was written by his secretary, the
following hasty postscript :
" I have wrete thys bycause I wolde gladly take y* cours y' myght
best pleas hur Matie, wc° I knowe not how better to understond then
by yr help.
Addressed, " To my very good L. the L. of Burghley."
No particulars of the Queen's entertainment on this occasion are
preserved, except the remark which her Majesty made on first survey-
ing the mansion. It appears to have been less than she expected, or
than many others of the aspiring structures of that magnificent era in
domestic architecture. So she said, " My Lord Keeper, you have
made your house too little for you." He replied, with the character-
istic humility of one whose motto was MEDIOCRIA FIRMA : " Not so,
Madam, but your Majesty has made me too big for my house."
The Queen was again at Gorhambury in 1573-74, her charter to
the town of Thetford being dated at Gorhambury, March 1 2, in the
sixteenth year of her reign.
Previously to the Queen's next visit the Lord Keeper had com-
plied with her suggestion. He erected for her reception a gallery,
120 feet in length and 18 in breadth, but its materials were only latli
and plaster. At either end was a small apartment Under the whole
were cloisters, in the centre of which (in a niche) was a statue of
King Henry VIII. cut in stone, with gilt armour, and at the upper
end were busts of Sir Nicholas and his second wife inserted in the
wall. From the antechamber, which communicated with the gallery,
were two doors : one on the left intended for common use, the
other on the right for her Majesty to enter ; and after her departure
Theobalds. On her visits to that celebrated place, which, in the time of her
successor, became a royal palace (see our vol. iri,, p. 260). A view of Theobalds
was given in vol. v., p. 147.
St. A Man's. 279
Sir Nicholas, with the refined flattery of the times, caused that door
to be closed, that no other step might pass the same threshhold.
The visit took place from Saturday, May 18, 1577,10 the following
Wednesday, and this account of its expenses is preserved in the
Lambeth Library :
" The Charges expended at Gorhambury by reason of her Matie
comynge thither on Saturday the xviijth of Maye, 1577, before supper,
and contynewinge untill Wednesday after dynner followinge, warranted
by a booke of particulars : —
£ •• d.
Pantry and Pastry. — First for wheatt in the Pantry and
Pastry - 47 I2 6
Buttery. — Item in beare and ale - - 26 16 8
Cellar. — Item in wyne of all kyndes - - 57 5 8
Ewry and Chaundry. — Item in cotton-lightes and in
quarriers, torches, and mertrezes - -15181
Kytchen.— Item, in beef, 8 oxen, £51 35. ?d. In
Mutton, 60 carcases, ^27. In Veales, 18 carcases,
£9 6s. 3d. In Lambs, 34 carcases, ^7 155. 4d. In
Kids, sos. - - 77 15 2
Achates* in Fowle. — Item, Capons of all kinds, 206,
;£i6 55. 4d. Pullets of all kindes, 2is. Chekins, 31
dozen and 8, £6 6s. 8d. Geese, 10 dozen, £6 125.
Herrons, 12 dozen and 8, .^26 133. 4d. Bitters, 8
dozen and 10, ^17 45. 2d. Ducklings, 12 dozen,
£3 135. Pigeons, 19 dozen and 7, 423. 8d. Birds
of the neast, 18 dozen and 7, i8s. ?d. Godwittes, 2
dozen, ^4. Dotterells, 14, 95. 4d. Shovelers, 13,
435. 4d. Fezaunts, 2 dozen and 5, ^3 123. 6d.
Pertriches, 14, us. 8d. Quails, 16 dozen and 9,
£8 75. 6d Mayechickes, 17 dozen, ^3 8s. Mal-
lerds, 23, 155. 4d. Teales, 12, 45. Larkes, 3 dozen
and 9, 25. 6d. Curlewes, 3, 4s. Knots, one dozen,
43. - - 105 7 ii
Achates in Fyshe.— Item, for Sea Fyshe of all kindes,
^£23 175. lod. For Freshe-water Fyshe of all kindes,
^13 os. 8d. - 36 18 6
Achates, viz. — In Gammons of Bacon, baked and boyled,
303. Dryed Tonges, 24, i6s. Pigges, 26, 373.
Bacon in Flitches, us. Neates Tongues, 8, 8s.
Sheeps Tonges, 6d. Cowes Udders, i2d. Calves
Feet, 2S. Hare, i, i6d. Rabbetes, 41 dozen and 9,
jC-j 95 6d. Butter, ^8 145. 8d. Eggs, 573. Creame,
505. Sd. Milke, 6d. Frutte, 335. gd. - - 28 12 n
* Provisions purchased, in distinction to those already in the stores of the
Household.
2 8o Hertfordsh ire.
£ s. <i.
Saliery. — Item, in Vinegre and Verges - - - 3 12 o
Spicery. — Item, in Spice of all sorts - - 27 6 i
Confectionary. — Item, in Banquetting Stuff - -1906
Wood-yarde. — Item, in Woode - - 8 i 8
Cookhouse. — Item, in Cooles - - 16 o o
Necessaries, Heroes, Flowers, and Artichokes.— Item, in
Necessaryes, .£18 55. pd. In Herbes, Flowets, and
Artichokes, £6 155. lod. - 25 i 7
Rewards. — Item, in Rewards for Presents,* ^£19 i6s.
In Rewards for Officers of the Queen, ;£i 2 53.- - 22 i o
Cariedge. — Item, in Cariedges from London to Gorham-
bury, and from Gorhambury backe againe to London 10 o o
Item, to an Upholster for things hired - -1158
Item, to them of the Revells - - - 20 o o
Item, to the Cookes of London for their Wages - - 12 o o
Item, to Laborers for their Wages - i 8 8
Item, for fcedinge of Fowl - -060
Item, for alteration of thinges beside the Stuff - -7100
Item, for Loss of Pewter, _^6 153. 6d. For loss m
Naperye, 405. 6d. - 8160
Summa totalis of all Expences, besides a Cupp pre-
sented to the Queenes Majestic - 577 6 7^
Besides 25 Bucks and 2 Stagges, etc."
In acknowledgment of this entertainment, it is said that the Lord
Keeper received from the Queen that portrait of her by Hilliard
which is still in the collection at the present mansion.
Sir Nicholas Bacon, on his death in 1579, devised Gorhambury to
the elder son of his second marriage, Anthony Bacon, Esq., a man of
considerable political talents, but who made an unfortunate choice in
attaching himself to the party of the Earl of Essex. He resided with
that nobleman at Essex House in the Strand in the capacity of
secretary, and died there, a few months after the loss of his patron,
in the year 1601. Gorhambury had in the meantime been inhabited
by Lady Bacon, the widow of the Lord Keeper. It was left by
Anthony, who died unmarried, to his brother Francis, afterwards
Viscount St. Albans.
Among the other scientific studies of that illustrious philosopher,
architecture was one ;t and, soon after he became possessed of
* When the Queen visited any great house, its owner generally received presents
of provisions from all his neighbours. See the list of those sent in to Lord Elles-
mere at Harefield, Middlesex, in 1602, in the " Egerton Papers," published by the
Camden Society, p. 350.
t Miss Grini!,ton has included in her volume a copy of Bacon's " Essay on
Building," as he is supposed in it to have partly given a description of his own
St. Albaris. 281
Gorhambury, he amused his leisure hours by some visionary plans for
restoring the ancient city of Verulam ; but it does not appear that he
proceeded further in that scheme than as a speculation, and subject
of conversation for the amusement of his friends. His attention was
more urgently required for the repair of Gorhambury, which had
fallen into considerable decay since the death of his father. Of his
works there an interesting account is given by Aubrey, who visited
Gorhambury in 1656, but who appears to have assigned indis-
criminately every feature to the son, forgetting that his father, Sir
Nicholas, had been the original builder and adorner of the place :
" In the Portico, which fronts the south, to every arch, and as big
as the arch, are drawn by an excellent hand (but the mischief of it is,
in water-colours) curious pictures, all emblematical, with mottos
under each : for example, one I remember, a ship tossed in a storm,
has the motto, ALTER ERIT TUM TIPHYS.
" Over this Portico is a stately Gallery, whose glass-windows are all
painted, and every pane with several figures of beasts, birds, or
flowers :* perhaps his Lordship t might use them as topics for local
memory. The windows look into the garden ; the side opposite to
them DO window, but is hung all with pictures at length, as of King
James, his Lordship, and several illustrious persons of his time. At
the end you enter is no window ; but there is a very large picture.
In the middle on a rock in the sea stands King James in armour,
with his regal ornaments ; on his right hand stands (but whether or
no on a rock I have forgot) King Henry 4th of France, in armour ;
and on his left hand the King of Spain in like manner. These
figures are (at least) as big as the life : they were done only with
umber and shell gold, and the shadowed umber as in the figures of
the Gods on the doors of Verulam House [which is noticed here-
after]. The roof of this Gallery is semi-cylindrical, and painted by
the same hand. In the Hall is a large story very well painted of the
Feasts of Gods ; where Mars is caught in a net by Vulcan. On the
wall, over the chimney, is painted an oak, with acorns falling from it:
the motto NISI QVID POTIVS. And on the wall over the table is
painted Ceres teaching the sowing of corn, the motto MONITI
MELIORA.
"The Garden is large, which was (no doubt) rarely planted and
kept in his Lordship's time. Here is a handsome door which opens
into Oak Wood : over the door in golden letters on blue six verses.
The oaks of this wood are very great and shady. His Lordship
house at Gorhambury, accompanying it, however, with the remark that the re-
semblance is very trifling, the house in the essay being of larger and loftier
dimensions.
* Miss Grimston gives drawings of the painted glass.
t J.e., Visconnt St. Albans. Aubrey refers all the ornaments to his taste: and
he certainly appears to have added materially to those of the original building.
282 Hertfordshire.
much delighted himself here :* under every tree he planted some
fine flower, some whereof are their still, viz. paeonies, tulips. From
this wood a door opens into a place as big as an ordinary park, the
west part whereof is coppice wood ; where are walks cut out as
straight as a line, and broad enough for a coach, a quarter of a mile
long or better. Here his Lordship much meditated, his servant Mr.
Bushell attending him with his pen and ink, to set down his present
notions.
" The east of this park, which extends to Verulam House, was in
his Lordship's prosperity a paradise, now a large ploughed field. It
consisted of several parts ; some thickets of plum trees, with delicate
walks, some raspberries. Here was all manner of fruit trees that
would grow in England, and a great number of choice forest trees, as
the whittit tree, sorbe, cervice, etc. The walks, both in the coppices
and other boscages, were most ingeniously designed. At several
good views were erected elegant summer-houses, well built of Roman
architecture, well wainscoted and ceiled, yet standing, but defaced."
" Verulam House " was a summer residence which Lord Bacon
was induced to erect near the fishponds, at the north-eastern
extremity of the park, on account of the deficiency of water at
Gorhambury, saying that, " If the water could not be brought to the
1 ouse, he would bring the house to the water." It no longer exists,
but the description which Aubrey has preserved of it will be found
very curious and interesting :
" It was the most ingeniously contrived little Pile that ever I saw.
(I am sorry that I measured not the front and breadth ; but I little
suspected it would be pulled down for the sake of the materials.)
No question but his Lordship was the chiefest architect ; but he had
for his assistant a favourite of his (a St. Alban's man), Mr. Dobson,
who was his Lordship's right hand, a very ingenious person (Master
of the Alienation Office), but he spending his estate luxuriously,
necessity forced his son William Dobson to be the most excellent
Painter that England hath yet bred.
" This house did not cost less than nine or ten thousand the
building. There were good chimney-pieces ; the rooms very loftie,
and were very well wainscoted. There were two bathing-rooms or
stuffes,! whither his Lordship retired of afternoons as he saw cause.
The tunnells of the chimneys were carried into the middle of the
house, and round about them were seats. The top of the house was
well leaded. From the leads was a lovely prospect to the Ponds,
which were opposite to the north-east side of the house, and were on
* In his pecuniary distress, Lord St. Albans sold all the property attached to
Gorhambury except the Park and Manor, saying (with a figure adopted from his
favourite trees) "he would top the branches to save the trunk." But when it was
suggested to him to sell the Oak Wood itself, he replied that he would not part
with his feathers.
t Withy? \ I.e., stoves.
SV. Albatis. 283
the other side of the stately walke of trees that leads to Gorhambury
House, and also over that long walke of trees whose topps afford a
most pleasant variegated verdure resembling the works in Irish stitch.
The Kitchen, Larder, Cellar, etc., are under ground. In the middle
of this house was a delicate staire-case of wood, which was curiously
carved, and on the posts of every interstice was some prettie figure,
as of a grave divine with his book and spectacles, a mendicant friar,
etc., not one thing twice. Mem. On the doors of the upper storie
on the outside (which were painted dark umber) were figures of the
gods of the Gentiles, viz., on the south dore ad storie was Apollo, on
another Jupiter with his thunder-bolt, and bigger than the life, and
done by an excellent hand; the heightnings were of hatchings of
gold, which when the sun shown on them made a glorious shew.
Mem. The upper part of the uppermost door on the east side had
inserted into it a large looking-glass, with which the stranger was very
gratefully deceived : for, after he had been entertained a pretty while
with the prospects of the Ponds, Walkes, and country which the dore
faced, when you were about to return into the room, one would have
sworn primo intuitu that he had beheld another prospect through the
house, for as soon as the stranger was landed on the balconie the
concierge that shewed the house would shut the doore to putt this
fallacy on him with the looking-glasse.
" This was his Lordship's summer-house ; for he says, one should
have seats for Summer and Winter, as well as cloathes.
" From hence to Gorhambury is about a little mile, the way easily
ascending, hardly so acclive as a desk. From hence to Gorhambury
in a straite line lead three parallel walkes : in the middlemost three
coaches may passe abreast ; in the wing walkes two. They consist
of severall stately trees of the like growth and heigM : viz., elme,
chesnut, beach, hornebeame, Spanish ash, cervice-tree, etc., whose
topps doe afforde from the walke on the house the finest shew that I
have seen, and I saw it about Michaelmas, at which time of the
yeare the colours of leaves are most varied.
"The figures of the Ponds were thus \here probably was a -plan in
the MS.\. They were pitched at the bottoms with pebbles of severall
colours, which were workt into severall figures, as of fishes, etc.,
which in his Lordship's time were plainely to be seen through the
cleare water, now overgrown with flagges and rushes. If a poor
bodie had brought his Lordship halfe a dozen pebbles of a curious
colour, he would give them a shilling, so curious was he in perfecting
his Fishponds, which I guess doe contain four acres. In the middle
of the middlemost pond, in the Island, is a curious Banquetting-
house of Roman architecture, paved with black and white marble,
covered with Cornish slate, and neatly wainscoted."
Gorhambury was left by Lord Bacon to his faithful friend Sir
Thomas Meautys, who had married Anne, the daughter and heiress
284 Hertfordshire.
of his half-brother, Sir Nicholas Bacon, of Culford, Suffolk. The
same lady was married secondly to Sir Harbottle Grimston, and thus
Gorhambury came into the possession of the family which now
enjoys the title of Earl of Verulam. The old house continued to be
occupied until about sixty years ago, when the present mansion was
built on a new site from the designs of Sir Robert Taylor ; and a
view of it as it appeared shortly before it was relinquished will be
found in Pennant's " Tour from London to Chester," pi. x., and in
Nichols's " Progresses of Queen Elizabeth."
Sawbridgeworth.
[1840, Part I-, pp. 140-142.]
In the Hertfordshire volume of the "Beauties of England and
Wales," written by Mr. E. W. Brayley, and published in 1806, occurs
the following passage in a description of the church of Sawbridge-
worth :
"The monuments are numerous, and among them are some very
fine ancient brasses. Among the latter, in a small chantry or chapel
connected with the south aisle, are two full-length figures, represented
as completely emaciated, and in winding sheets. These are extremely
well drawn, and appear by the arms to be of the family of the Plan-
tagenets. Here also are full-length brasses of a knight and his lady,
with the same arms ; and in the same chapel is a tomb and curious
brasses of the Leventhorps."*
Several years after, in 1822, the same suggestion was still more fully
advanced by Mr. Moule, in his "Bibltotheca Heraldica." That
gentleman, when noticing Sandford's "Genealogical History of the
Kings of England," at p. 270 of his Catalogue, took occasion to make
the following remarks:
" It may not be considered foreign to the subject to describe a very
finely-executed monumental slab, near the east end of the south aisle
of the church at Sawbridgeworth, in Hertfordshire, supposed to com-
memorate a branch of the Plantagenet family, but which, it is very
singular, has not been noticed by Sandford, Stebbing, Chauncey, or
Salmon. It is inlaid with brass, representing the figures of a knight
and a lady, the knight in plate armour, his feet resting on a grey-
hound. At the upper corner of the marble over his head is the arms
of Old France and England, quarterly. The lady, whose head is
covered by a coif, and her neck bare, is clad in a loose robe and
mantle. At her feet is a little dog, and on the upper part of the slab
over her head is the arms of England, with a label of France as borne
l»y the ancient Earls of Lancaster. The date of the monument may
be assigned to the latter end of the fourteenth, or to the beginning of
the fifteenth, century, by the mode of bearing the arms and the
costume of the figures."
* " Beauties of England and Wales," vol. vii., p. 217.
Sawbridgeworth. 285
A third time, in Neale's " Churches," printed in 1824, the same
story is repeated in nearly the same words as have been last
quoted.
The conjecture advanced is so bold a flight, in a genealogical view,
that it will be allowed to be high time to check it, if founded on a
misapprehension ; and although the county historian, Mr. Clutterbuck,
has not joined in its support, he may be censured for having, on the
other hand, passed over these certainly remarkable memorials without
any special notice. The means of illustrating the circumstance were
completely within his reach, but it was not his general custom to enter
into similar minutiae.
The books in which the monuments in question have been
described, are, besides those already cited, Weever's " Funerall Monu-
ments," p. 549; Chauncey's "Hertfordshire," p. 178; Cough's
"Sepulchral Monuments," vol. ii., p. 104; Clutterbuck's "Hertford-
shire," vol. iii., p. 217.
Weever gives the inscriptions only, without the arms, and Chauncey
has merely copied Weever. Mr. Cough, after quoting Weever, has
added a description of the arms, rightly conjecturing the inscriptions
(given in Weever, but now lost) might have belonged to the same
tombs ; but his description is not quite correct. Lastly, Mr. Clutter-
buck has described the stones in their present state, and the arms,
but without adding the epitaphs, which he allows to slumber in the
pages of his predecessor.
A MS. in the Harleian collection, No. 4,944, removes any doubt of
the original position of the brass plates, and supplies additional par-
ticulars of the arms. The earliest memorial of the two, that of the
figure in armour (not a knight) and his lady, was formerly designated
by the following epitaph :
"$)it ia«nt Joh'ca Jrbenthorp ^.rnitgw <int abijt xxbti0 ^Raij 31°
,JH««xxxnj tt ^attcnmi to.xor tins put obijt b ©ctobria ,|H.t«f..xxxj qufltum
amm.tb' propidctnr ocuss. Jlmen."
At the foot of the slab were two shields, now lost : one bore the
arms of Leventhorp — viz., argent, a bend gobonated, gules and sable,
between two cotises of the second ; the other, argent, a fesse between
three fleurs-de-lis, for Twychet. At the head of the slab still remain
the two royal coats — (i) France and England, quarterly ; (2) England,
with a label of France.
By the side of this stone is another, inlaid with two figures in
winding-sheets. The inscription to this is also lost, but is here
supplied from the MS. before referred to :
"2$ic iactnt Joh'ta JJtbfttthoqj arwifltr qtxi obijt nltimo bit JJaij Jl0
JJwcc.bobnij ft Johanna bxor tins par abijt xxtx jUguaii J&ceee.l»amij
quorum animabtts proprictur itus. Jlnun."
At the head of the stone on the left side is a shield bearing Old
286 Hertfordshire.
France* and England quarterly, with a label of three points azure.
The shield on the right side, if yet remaining, is concealed by a pew ;
it appears from the MS. to be the same as the other, but without the
label. At foot are two shields — (i) Leventhorp, with a crescent for
difference, quartering argent, a chevron in chief a label of
three points .... and a mullet for difference ; (2) Leventhorp
quartering Twychet. It should be remarked that Weever's version of
the last inscription gives the date of the lady's death 1448, instead of
1488. The prior date accords much more nearly with the style of
execution, which is very superior to the usual style of the time of
Henry VII., to which the latter date would assign it. The figures
are drawn emaciated as in death ; the eyes are closed, and the bodies
wrapped each in a shroud, the folds of which are beautifully disposed;
and in their hands they hold a heart, by which was typified the devo-
tion of the soul to God.
And now for an explanation of the imaginary mystery of the appear-
ance of the royal arms. This is at once removed when we find that
John Leventhorp was a highly-trusted servant of the house of Lan-
caster, f He appears in its employ in the very first year of Henry IV., \
and he was afterwards one of the executors named in the will of
Henry V. The manor of Shingey itself, which connected him with
the parish of Sawbridgeworth, was a parcel of the Duchy of Lan-
caster ; and Chauncey says that he came to settle there, from Leven-
thorp, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, about 15 Richard II. He
was one of the knights in Parliament for the county of Hertford in i
and 3 Henry V. and i Henry VI. His wife was Katharine, daughter
and heiress of Twychet.
His son, John Leventhorp, Esq., represented in the second brass,
received from Henry VI. a grant for a market at Sawbridgeworth, and
a license to inclose 520 acres for a park. He married Joan Barring-
* That is, Semee of fleurs-de-lis. Mr. Moule states this to be the bearing on
(he other stone ; but that is not ihe case. The fleurs-de-lis are usually reduced to
three in and after the reign of Henry V. when the arms of France are so exhibited
on the Great Seal for the first time.
t It was customary to place the royal arms on the tombs of persons who had
borne office under the Crown. Three examples of the time of Richard II. have
been enumerated in the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for last September, p. 235. The
three lions of England occur with the brass of Sir John Cassey, Chief Baron of
the Exchequer, ob. 1400, in Deerhurst Church, Gloucestershire ; of which there
is an engraving by Mr. Lysons. On the brass at Balsham, Cambridgeshire, of
which there is an engraving by Mr. Lysons. On the brass at Balsham, Cam-
bridgeshire, of John Sleford, Canon of Wells and Ripon, and Rector of Balsham,
who was Keeper of the Wardrobe to Edward III., ob. 1401, are shields of Old
France and England quarterly, and of the same impaling Hainault, for Queen
Philippa; as, on the slab of Sir Simon Felbrigge, K.G., are shields of King
Richard II. and of Queen Anne (see Cotman's "Norfolk Brasses").
J " De daubus Litteris Patentibus.de Sigillo Ducatus Lancastrian, factis Johanni
Leven thorp, irrotulatis. Michaelis Recorda I Hen. IV., rot. 15.' —Jones's " Index
to the Exchequer Records," Memoranda.
Sawbridgcworth. 287
ton, and th"y were the progenitors of a family which continued at
Shingey Hall until the reign of Charles II. Sir John Leventhorp
was created a baronet* in 1622, and the heiress of the race was
married to John Coke, Esq., of Melbourne, co. .Derby.
My attention was first drawn to the errors on this subject in an
authentic account of these monuments derived from personal inspec-
tion (with a reference to the Harleian MS., which has placed their
identity beyond dispute), transmitted to me by Mr. L. A. B. Waller,
who is forming a collection of sepulchral brasses, and has recently
exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries various reduced drawings of
these relics of ancient art, which excited universal admiration for
their fidelity and beauty. J. G. N.
Therfield.
[1786, Part II., pp. 832-836.]
Having lately visited the church of Therfield in Hertfordshire,
about three miles south-west from Royston, I send you the following
notices of two persons who have lately made some figure in your
useful Miscellany. (See vol. liv., pp. 477 and 759, and vol. lv.,
pp. 25, 96, 281.)
On the south side of Therfield Church, in the yard, on a raised
base, is a square stone ending in a point. On the east side is this
inscription, on a tablet of black marble :
I.
" To the memory of Sir BARNARD TURNER, Knight, Alderman and Sheriff of
London and Middlesex, Major of the Honourable Artillery Company, and
Member of Parliament for the Borough of Southwark, who signalized his early
years in the naval service of his country, and became eminently distinguished in
social and civil life, by unremitted activity and undaunted courage, unshaken
integrity and firmness as a Magistrate, spirited support of order aud decency in
the execution of justice, humane attention to the distresses of the wretched, and
disinterested ardour for the public good, merited and adorned that dignity and
those important stations to which his Sovereign and Fellow-Citizens had raised
him. The Artillery Company.t having attended their much-lamented Officer and
Friend here to his grave, dedicate this Inscription. He died by a Fall from his
Horse the I5th of June, 1784, aetat. 42."!
On the south side :
" Under this tomb are interred the remains of Mrs. SARAH PF.KRY TURNER,§
who died 7th March, 1782, aged 39 years, leaving to her affectionate and afflicted
* He married Joan, eldest daughter of Sir John Brograve, of Hamels, co.
Hertford, Knt., Attorney-General in the Duchy of Lancaster, and it is remarkable
that his very magnificent monument in Sawbridgeworth church exhibits another
coat of the royal lions of England, the arms of Brograve being argent, three
lions passant guardant gules, granted probably in allusion to Sir John Brograve's
official situation, which he held for the long period of thirty-three years. Epitaph
at Braughing, Clutterbuck's " Herts," in., 158.
•)• The officers of which make an annual visit to this tomb on the anniversary
of its erection.
J Sir Barnard was proposed for election into the Society of Antiquaries three
days before this unfortunate accident happened.
§ Her maiden name was Tiller, of Latton, Essex.
288 Hertfordshire.
husband the following Children: Anne Tiller Turner, born 23 April, 1769;
William Sackville Turner, born 4 October, 1770; Sarah Perry Turner, born 28
March, 1772; Edward George Turner, born 25 August, 1774; Sophia Perry
Turner, born 31 December, 1775 ; and William Swiney Turner, born 7 March,
1782, who died I3th following, six days old."
On the west side :
" 1782. As a memorial of love and attachment to a most deserving and
beloved Wife, this tomb was erected by BARNAKIJ TURNER, Commanding Officer
of the London Military Foot Association during the memorable Riots in June
1780, Major of the Honourable Artillery Company, and Alderman of the City of
London."
North side blank.
II. — On an altar-tomb by the south side :
" Under this stone lies the body of EDWARD TURNER, Gentleman, who was
born the 6th of September, 1590, and attained the age of 86 years. He left
William Turner, his son, Richard Gammon and Elizabeth Swaine, his grandson
and grand daughter, his Executors, who erected this stone, which being greatly
defaced was recut at the expence of Sackville and Barnard Turner, his great
great grandsons, in 1772."
III. — On a blue slab on a tomb at the feet of this :
" Here lies the body of Mrs. ANNE TURNER, Wife of Edward Turner, Gentle-
man, whose soul it pleased God to call to him March 3d, 1737-8, aged 72 years."
[Rest of inscription omitted.]
"Very near adjoining lies the body of EDWARD TURNER, A.M. who ventures
his character of being a Nonjuror from 1688 with posterity. He died 6 December,
1755, aged 92 years, looking for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the
world to come. Amen."
Another by the side of the last :
" Under this stone lies the body of WILLIAM, second son of EDWARD and
ANNE TURNER, died 27 March, 1754, aged 62 years. . . . Also the body of ANNB,
his wife, who died September the gth, 1763, aged 62 years."
[Inscription omitted.]
IV. — Ground slab :
"To protect the Remains of a much-respected Grandfather, Edward Turner,
A.M., this stone was placed by Sir Barnard Turner, in the year 1784."
V.
" Here lies the body of WILLIAM FORDHAM, who left this world January 1st,
1765, aged 57, to receive a reward suitable to his merit in a better. — Also Mrs.
MARTHA FORDHAM, Wife of the above William Fordham, and youngest daughter
of Edward and Anne Turner, of Tuthill, in this parish. She died universally
lamented January the 1 2th, 1777, aged 72."
VI. — On a stone against the wall of the church :
" In memory of EDWARD, eldest son of WILLIAM and ANNE TURNER, who died
of the small pox at Bapaume in French Flanders, June 19, 1756, aged 21 years."
VII. — On a white marble tablet, with a pediment and urn, against
the south pillar of the nave entering into the chancel :
Therfteld. 289
"To the memory of SACKVILLE TURNER, Esq., a Captain in his Majesty's
33d Regiment, and of SARAH, his wife (the only child of Edward Crockley, of
Walton in Norfolk, Gentleman), who were cast away and drowned in their passage
to Ireland, on the night of the Jth of September, 1774, this stone is dedicated iiy
their most affectionate and afflicted brother, BARNARD TURNER."
[Inscription omitted.]
Arms : a. a chevron between 3 fer de molines s. quartering az.
on a fess o. between 3 martlets o. 3 fleurs de lis s. On a shield of
pretence g. a lion rampant a. debruised by a bend az. Motto,
" Optimum quod evenit."*
The first of the family of Turner settled here was Dr. Francis, son
of Dr. Francis Turner, Dean of Canterbury, and Canon-residentiary
of St. Paul's. He is supposed to have been born at Canterbury, and
was successively Bishop of Rochester and Ely, and one of the seven
bishops committed to the Tower for refusing to read James II. 's
Declaration for liberty of conscience. Being deprived of his
bishopric after the Revolution, 1690, he ended his days in retirement,
1700. He probably retired to this rectory, to which he had been pre-
sented December 20, 1664. He was educated at Winchester School,
and thence elected fellow of New College, Oxford, where he proceeded
B.A. 1659, M.A. 1663, B.D. and D.D. 1669, being a compounder,
and in December following was collated to the prebend of Sneating
in St. Paul's. He succeeded Dr. Guminp, Bishop of Chichester, in
the mastership of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1669, Dr. Durell in
the Deanery of Windsor, 1683, and Dr. Dolben in the See of Rochester
the same year, and the year following, Di. Guming in the See of Ely.
Against the south wall of Therfield chancel, which he rebuilt in a
handsome manner, 1676, is a singular monument of wainscot, erected
by him to the memory of his wife, who died and was buried
in a vault made by him for her. This monument is adorned witli the
images of Time and Death on each side of the inscription ; on the
pediment are two female figures reclining on skulls, with their hands
and eyes uplifted, and by them two flaming urns. In the middle of
the pediment is a blank shield. In the centre of the monument is
an oval tablet, with an inscription on a gold ground, and below it a
square tablet, with an inscription, both of which may be seen at
large in Chaunceyt and Salmon. J On the covering stone of the
vault is, in capitals,
EXPERGISCAR,
the only memorial of the bishop, who was buried in it. Wood§ says
be was the person whom A. Marvell ridicules in a book entitled,
" Mr. Smirk ; or, The Divine in Mode ; being certain Annotations
upon the Animadversions on Naked Truth, 1676," 410, " conceiving
and taking him to be a neat, starcht, formal, and forward divine."
His mistaken and inconsistent notions about hereditary right led him
* "Whatever is is best." f P- 88. J P. 348. § "Ath. Ox.," ii. 620.
VOL. XVII. 19
2 go Hertfordshire.
to tell the Duke of Monmouth, who just before his execution had
declared himself a Protestant of the Church of England, that, to be a
member of that Church, he must believe in the doctrine of Non-
resistance.* Hence Burnet, in his sketch of his character, vouches
for his sincerity, but pronounces him to have " been of too quick an
imagination and too defective a judgment, but moderately learned,
having conversed more with men than books, and so he was not able
to do the Duke of York great service ; but he was so zealous for his
succession that this raised him high upon no great stock of
sufficiency."t He entered into a correspondence with the exiled
King and Queen, and sent to them " from himself, his elder brother,
and the rest of the family, assurances full of duty in words, with a
promise of showing it by their actions;" which, Burnet says,J "was
plainly meant of Sancroft and the other deprived bishops." And in
his letter to the Queen, he assured her " of his and all their zeal for
the Prince of Wales ; and that they would no more part with that
than with their hopes of heaven." Upon the discovery of this plot,
the bishop absconded for a time. He preached at the coronation of
James II. § Besides this sermon, he published eight others on
particular occasions.
Chauncey, and after him Salmon, say the manor of Merdley, in
this parish, of which they give no intermediate lords from the time of
Edward III., was for a great while in the possession of the Tumors,
till sold, 1630, by one of them, of the name of William. They say
nothing of that of Tuthill, which seems to have been their residence,
and whose site, with remains of moats and banks, is still to be seen
in a field north-west from the church, in the way to a house inhabited
by the present curate, Mr. Ferriby. To this manor belongs a pew in
the upper end of the nave, on the door of which is cut TVTHILL,
as on two others,
MANERIUM DE GLEDSEYS AND DE GLEDSEYS
and
MAR DE LIMBVRY
From the epitaph No. II., here given, it appears probable that
Edward Turner, who was born in 1590, was lord here, and that from
him the property descended to the late Sir Barnard, or his grand-
father ; though these epitaphs do not allow us to fill up the succession
with that accuracy which a close examination of the parish registers
would enable us to do.||
The property of this family here was sold by the late Sir Barnard's
father, who was a dealer in foreign spirits, and lived and died at
Turnford, in Cheshunt parish, in an old house on the north side of the
* Rapin, ii., 749, fol. + "Hist, of his Own Times," i. 590.
t Jkid., ii., 69. § Burnet, ibid., i. 628.
II They begin in 1538, 30 Henry VIII.
Therfield. 291
London Road, not far from the fourteenth milestone, where were born
Sir Barnard and two brothers and a sister.* He or his father sold the
family estate here to Mr. Fordham, who married a daughter of Sir
Barnard's grandfather, Edward, whose epitaph is given No. III.
Edward Turner, M.A., is recorded as glorying in the bishop's anti-
revolution principles.
The bishop's munificence to the chancel is celebrated in a Latin
poem, signed Thomas Wright, printed in Chauncey, p. 89, dated
1678, two years after the work was done, which the register places in
1676. The bishop hung one of the bells, 1689; Dr. Stillingfleet,
Dean of St. Paul's, and Dr. Tillotson another ; Dr. Holder, a
successor of the hishop, gave another of the five old bells, and added
a treble bell,t built the loft or gallery in the belfry, 1689, and gave a
communion cloth and two prayer-books for the desk and table.
The church, situate on high ground, nearly in the centre of the
village, consists of a nave, separated by three pointed arches supported
by clusters of large and small pillars, and clerestory windows over
them, from an aisle on each side. In the south wall of the south
aisle at the end is a holy-water-hole under two pointed arches resting
on three round pillars. The chancel, fitted up by Bishop Turner,
has a stuccoed roof, with a large oval wreath ; the floor paved with
stone, and within the rails with marble. On a coffin-fashioned stone
on entering the chancel is cut RESURGAM. In a north pillar of the
nave is an opening, leading to the rood-loft, which, on the rebuilding
of the chancel, was succeeded by the King's arms, on which, and
their supporters, Mr. T. Wright descams so sweetly in his poem before
referred to. Under this opening is a locker, with a door now locked
up. The font is octagon, on an octagon shaft. At the west end of
the nave is a good brass figure of a priest (now headless), habited in
his pontificals, his robe faced with thistles and small buds alternately,
and under him was a very small plate. A blue stone contiguous
preserves the cavity of another priestly figure. These may have
represented rectors, and been removed from the chancel on re-
building. Nothing remains in the windows, but the register pre-
serves this inscription, formerly in the east window of the north
aisle : " Orate pro a'i'b's D'ni W' Paston & Agnetis ux'is ejus bene-
factorum hujus ecclesise A.D. 1418;" with this remark: "The parish
church of Therfield was founded by Sir William Paston and Agnes
his wife, in the year of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, as appears
by an inscription," etc. Salmon makes the register say he founded
the north aisle.
The succession of rectors, as made out in Chauncey, and con-
tinued, is as follows :
* She married Lilly, an apothecary, at Hcxisdon, against her friends'
consent.
f Salmon (349) adds a saint's bell.
19—2
292 Hertfordshire.
John Overall, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's, died 1619.
William Alablaster, D.D., Prebendary of ditto, died 1640.*
John Mountford, D.D., another prebendary, who rebuilt great part
of the parsonage-house, t
John Barwick, LL.D., Prebendary of St. Paul's, died 16644
Francis Turner, D.D., Dec. 20, 1664.
John Standish, D.D.g
William Holder, D.D., Residentiary of St. Paul's, 1672, Prebendary
of Ely, and subdean of the King's chapel, 1691 ; died Jan. 24, 1697-
98, aged 82, and was buried in the undercroft at St. Paul's. ||
Thomas Sherlock, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's, died 1707, having
resigned this rectory in favour of
Thomas Sherlock, D.D., his son, Master of the Temple, Dean of
Cbichester, Bishop of Bangor 1727. He held this rectory in commen-
dam till translated to Sarum 1734, and London 1748, and died 1761.
Henry Etough, M.A., rector almost 23 years ; died Aug. 10, 1757,
aged 70.
Philip Yonge, D.D., Bishop of Norwich 1761, when he resigned
this rectory, and was succeeded by
Charles Western, M.A., March 23, 1762, Prebendary of Durham,
and present rector, 1786.
The Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's are patrons of the rectory,
whence it has been usually held by one of their body, except that on the
promotion of two of its rectors to bishoprics, the King has presented.
The rectory-house, to the south-east of the church, a handsome,
uniform, and commodious structure, had been in great part rebuilt
by Dr. Mountford ; and we are told in your present volume, p. 281,
that Mr. Etough laid out ^800 on it and its appurtenances ; but
the present rector rebuilt it a second time, 1777, leaving only a part
at the east end, which is of ancient style ; and in the kitchen
windows are these arms :
In a garter, St. George's cross.
R.S. R.S. joined by a bow-knot.
S., a chevron between three towers, a.
On another shield the chevron is chargtd with three escallops, a.
A., a bend nebule az. between three crescents, out of which issue
as many fleurs-de-lis, s.
Over the parlour chimney-piece is the engraved portrait of Sir
Barnard Turner, in a gilt frame, with an inscription setting forth that
it was the gift of the London Military Foot Association.
* Not in Newcourt. See Wood, " Fasti.," ii. 768.
f "Ath. Ox.," ii 223. H. & A. O., ii. 139; rector of Ansty and Ware, and
ejected, 1643, by the Parliament from these and other spiritualities.
t Newcourt, i. 155, 211 ; "Ath. Ox.," i. 761.
§ Qu. Rector of Connington, co. Cambridge, master of Peterhouse, antl chaplain
to Charles II.. and died 1686 (?), "Ath. Ox.," ii. 851.
II BentlmmV " Ely,'' 248.
T her field. 293
Over the south door of the chancel is the following epitaph, on a
white marble table, the letters vanishing apace :
"In memory of HENRY ETOUGH, M.A., being 23 years Reclor and faiihful
Pastor of this parish. Died suddenly Aug. 10, 1757, in the 7oth year of his age."
[Inscription omitted.]
In the register is this entry: " 1757. The Rev. Henry Etough,
M.A. Rector of this parish almost 23 years, died Aug. 10, aged 70
years, and was buried Aug. 15, in the chancel of the church, near
the door."
Much of the register during his time is kept in his own hand ; the
rest by his different curates.
His death is not noticed in your obituary. We are enabled to
add to his other benefactions, recited p. 281, that he left an annuity
of ;£s to St. Luke's Hospital, which, being sold to Dr. Plumptree,
his executor, at twenty-five years' purchase, produced .£125 to that
excellent charity.*
Here is a school. Bishop Turner rebuilt the house, and vested
^50 in trust for the master; the indenture was, in 1723, in the
hands of Ra. Fordham.f The present master is Mr. Tho. Wing.
Edward Shuldham, LL.D., of Norfolk. Master of Trinity Hall,
Cambridge, rebuilt a fine casting roof of the church, and was buried
there 15034 He was of the ancient family of this name, of Shuld-
ham, co. Norfolk, ordained priest by Bishop Barnet, of Ely, April 17,
1473 ; Master of Trinity Hall 1502, where he had been fellow and
educated ; Canon of Exeter 14 — , and of Lincoln 1488 ; Rector of
Kelshall 14 — , and of this place 14 — . His sister Elizabeth was
Abbess of Barking. §
Bishop Tanner mentions a free chapel or hospital of St. John and
St. James, for a master and seven brethren, at Royston, as early as
the reign of Henry III. (p. 189). This, in the new edition of Ecton
(p. 514), is placed in Therfield parish. G. K.
Thorley.
[181 1, Part II., pp. no-112.]
Thorley is 29 miles from London, and divided into three parts :
Thorley Street, through which is the road from London to New-
market ; the Rectory House, and at a small distance church and
manor-house (called Thorley Hall) ; and, a mile distant, Thorley
Houses, or Housen, so named by the inhabitants ; added to this,
there is belonging to the parish the pretty hamlet of Twyford,
through which passes the Navigation from Stortford. The parish is
a square of about two miles, and contained in 1801 55 inhabited
* A Rev. Henry Etough, of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, was married to Miss
Sanderson, February, 1779. (See vol. xlix., p. 103.)
t Par. Reg. J lhi,t. § Hloinef. Collect., 212.
294 Hertfordshire.
houses and 269 persons ; this year the population was found to be
313, and 60 houses.
It is remarkable that this parish, which is now in a high state of
cultivation, was formerly reckoned the most uncultivated in the
county. . . .
The rectory-house is old, roomy, but ill-disposed, and was built at
different times, chiefly of lath and plaster ; the situation of it is damp.
The old part of it, as well as the church, was supposed to have been
built in the reign of Henry VI. It is low, ana has a remarkably
wide front, not less than 100 feet. There are thirty acres of glebe
round it.
The succession of rectors of Thorley has been accurately kept, as
follows :
Will. Vigerons [alias Vigeron, alias Vigorons] 13 kal. Apr. 1327,
i Edw. III.
Steph. de Scatldeford [alias Scaldeford] 6 id. Mali 1329.
[They exchanged for Finchley Rectory, Middlesex. — Will. Vigerons,
pr. non. Dec. 1331, was made Archdeacon of Essex.]
Will. At Water, cl. 6 id. Maii 1333.
Tho. Thorpe, pr. 24 Sept. 1393, per mortem At Water.
John Burton, 18 April 1401, per resignationem Thorpe.
[They exchanged for Fairsted R. Essex.]
John Gray.
Will. Seton, pr. 2 Sept. 1431, per mortem Gray. — He was vicar of
Sawbridgeworth, Apr. 17, 1433; vicar also of Barkway, Jan. 9, 1436.
John Chicheley, 17 Apr. 1433, per resignationem Seton. — He was
rector of St. Mary's, Colchester, Mar. i, 1434.
Will. Northwold, 31 July, 1434, per resign. Chicheley.
Rob. Coventry, pr. 7 Junii 1443, per priv. Northwold. — He was
rector of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, 24 July, 1434.
John Gaytcliffe, cap. n Sept. 1470, per mortem ult Rectoris.
Hen. Thomas, inducted in August, 1474.
[Gaytcliffe and Thomas exchanged for Wakering Magna V. in
Essex 1474.]
Rob. Wylly, pr. 8 Oct. 1474, per resign. Thomas. — He was rector
of St. Mary's, Colchester, Jan. 2, 1464.
Tho. Pavaden, episc. 22 Oct. 1493, per mort. Wylly. — He was
Bishop of Pavia, in the dukedom of Milan ; was rector of Thorpe in
Essex : promoted thither by R. Hill, pre. of London, Sept. 3, 1495.
Rob. Glowcester.
Rad. Wakefield, cap. 14 Feb. 1502, per resign. Glowcester.
Tho. Chamber, pr. 10 April, 1528, per mort. Wakefield.
Edm. Brygate, S.T.P. 22 Oct. 1545, per mort. Chamber. — Bry-
gate, alias Bricket, pneb. de Portpool S. Paul, was rector of Wiley in
Essex, 31 Jan. 1547, when he wrote his name Brygott, S. T. P. — He
was also collated to the rectory of Hadham, Nov. 2, 1548
Thorley. 295
John Atherton, A.M. 28 Sept. 1562, per mort. Brygate. — He was
rector of Leaden Roding 13 Jan. 1562.
Chr. Taten, A.M. 28 Apr. 1573, per resign. Atherton.
Fra. Burley, S.T.P. 5 July, 1594, per resign. Taten. — He was
vicar of Stortford, 13 Jun. 1590.
John Mountford, S.T.B. 3 Maii 1619, per mort. Burley. — His
father was rector of Anstie.
Robert Pery, S.T.B. Nov. 1640, per mort. ult. Rectoris. — He was
archdeacon of Middlesex July 20, 1660 ; rector also of Hadham Sept.
22, 1662.
Tho. Turner, S.T.P. 4 Nov. 1680, per mort. ult. Rectoris. — He
was archdeacon of Essex Dec. 20, 1680 ; pneb. of Mapesbury S.
Paul, Maii 9, 1682 ; elected president of Corpus Christi College
Oxon. Mar. 13, 1678 ; and made precentor of S. Paul's, London,
Jan. n, 1689. He left ^50 to the parish of Thorley to bind our
apprentices belonging to the parish.
Tho. Beaumont, A.M. 20 Jun. 1689, per resign. Turner.
John Reynolds. A.M. 27 Jan. 1710, per mort. Beaumont. — He
was vicar of Stansted Mountfitchet, Essex.
Tho. Ely, 10 Maii 1728, per mort. Reynolds.
Will. Gibson, Dec. 10, 1742, per mort. Ely. — He was son to
Edmund Bishop of London ; and went from Thorley to St. Botolph's,
Bishopsgate.
John Horsley, A.M. 18 March 1745, per resign. Gibson.
1777, - - Lowth, per mort. Horsley. — He was eldest son of
Robert Bishop of London.
1778, Stephen Eaton, A.M. per mort. Lowth. — He was arch-
deacon of Middlesex, and went from Thorley to Northall, Middlesex.
1780, Samuel Horsley, LL.D. per resign. Eaton. -He exchanged
Thorley for South Weald, Essex ; and was successively Bishop of St.
David's, Rochester, and St. Asaph.
1782, Joseph VVarton [Head-master of Winchester College], per
resig. Horsley.
1784, William Browne, A.M. per resign. Wharton.
1798, Tho. Pennington, A.M. per resign. Browne.
It is remarked that for sixty or seventy years after the Restoration
there were few resident rectors.
The church is a neat building, 105 feet in length, consisting of a
nave and chancel. The steeple, which is at the west end, is very
handsome, a spire in a tower ; and, its situation being elevated, it
commands a fine prospect of the surrounding country. The spire is
very elegant, and is supposed to have been built by the same
architect who built that of Bishop's Stortford.
On entering the belfry, there is an old recess in the wall, probably
for holy water.
The church and chancel are both cieled ; the latter is large and
296 Hertfordshire.
handsome and wainscoted, and contains the following inscriptions on
mural monuments :
"Near this stone is deposited what was mortal of the Rev. John Horsley, M.A.,
many years rector of this parish ; and of Mary, daughter of George Leslie, esq., of
Kincraigie in Scotland, his second wife. He departed this life Nov. 27, A.D.
1777, in the 781 h year of his age. She survived her husband near ten years, and
having spun out a cheerful old age to its natural end, went off without illness or
pain, Oct. 21, A.D. 1787, in her 77th year. . . . His former wife was Anne,
daughter of the Rev. William Hamilton, D.D., Principal of the College of
Edinburgh. She died in the prime of life, and was interred in the vault under the
Parish Church of St. Martin's in the Fields, Westminster. — By his two wives he
left issue four sons and four daughters, who jointly dedicated this monument. . . ."
" Near this place lie the remains of Sir Wm. Billers, knt. and alderman of the
city of London, Lord Mayor of the said city in the year 1734 ; who departed this
life the I5th October, 1743, aged 56 years. And also of his brother, John
Billers, esq. ; who died 3Oth of March, 1738, aged 45. — Sir Wm. Billers manied
Anne, daughter of Sir Rowland Aynsworth, by Sarah, daughter of Sir John Fleet,
Lord Mayor of London in the year 1693 ; by whom he had issue two sons and
four daughters; viz. John, who died in the year 1740, and lies here interred;
Martha, who died ill her infancy ; William, a minor ; Anne, married to John
Olmius, esq., of New Hall, in Essex; Elizabeth and Maria, both unmarried.
"Near this place lie interred the body of John Billers, of London, esq. ; who
died the igth of December, 1712, aged 69 ; and of Martha, his wife, who died the
8th of March, 1707, aged 56 : in memory of whom their sons William and John
Billers have erected this monument."
"In memory of Dame Anne Billers, daughter of Sir Rowland Aynsworth, knt.,
and wife of Sir Wm. Billers, knt. and alderman of London ; who died the 3d day
of March, 1750, in the 39th year of her age, leaving issue two sons, John and
William, and three daughters, Anne, Elizabeth, and Maria."
"Near this place lies interred the body of Martha, the wife of Moses Raper,
esq. ; who departed this life the i8th of March, 1725, in the 391)1 year of her age.
And likewise the body of the said Moses Raper, esq. ; who departed this life the
3Oth of March, 1748, in the 6gth year of his age."
" In memory gf Matthew Raper, esq. ; who died June iSth, A.D. 1748, aged 73.
lie was a man of an unblemished life and sincere piety; a tender husband and
affectionate father. And of Elizabeth, his wife, who bore him six sons and one
daugMer, and died April Ilth, 1760, aged 77. And also of Elizabeth, his only
daughter ; who died unmarried July 8th, 1781, in the 68th year of her age. She
was a religious and a virtuous woman, and an affectionate daughter and sister."
" In memory of John Howe, of Hanslip, in the county of Bucks, esq.; whose
learning, wisdom, and virtue, made him honoured and beloved, and his memory
dear to his friends. lie died Sept. 1st, 1769, in the 62d year of his age. And of
Matthew Raper, of this place, esq., F.R.S., who died Dec. 29th, 1778, in the 74th
year of his age. The friendship of their youth was founded in mutual esteem, and
continued uninterrupted till death."
On a brass plate on a flat stone is the following inscription:
" Here lieth buried the body of John Duke ; who was, while he lived, Fermer of
Thorley Hall, and died the 5th day of December Anno D'ni 1606 ; who by his
first wife Gertrude, being buried in the church-yard of Shering, had eight children ;
viz. Robert, Thomas, Margaret, William, John, Henry, Ellen, and Peter ; but by
his last wife had no issue."
On a mural monument on the south side of the church is the
following inscription :
Thorley. 297
" Sacred to the memory of Eliz. Carter, daughter of the Rev. Thos. Pennington,
rector of this parish, and Kingsdown in Kent, by Mary Sarah, sole daughter and
heiress to Wm. Michel Sale, esq., of Bledlow- Ridge in the County of Bucks,
representative of the antient family long established at that place, who was the
sole surviving son of George Sale, esq., well known as the learned Translator of
the Koran : She was great niece to the celebrated Mrs. Eliz. Carter, and dying in
London, Feb. 2Oth, 1800, was buried in Russel-Court Burying-ground, belonging
to the New Church in the Strand, aged I year, and 6 months. Also of her sister,
Mary Sarah, who died Feb. 20, 1802, soon after her birth, and was buried on the
North bide of this Church-yard. Of such is the kingdom of God."
The font (in the nave of the church, elevated on a stone step) is
a curious piece of antiquity.
The church is about a quarter of a mile from the rectory-house,
and about two miles and a half south-west of the populous and
flourishing town of Bishop's Stortford.
The old register-book is very correct, and would not disgrace many
of the modern ones. It begins in 1539, when register-books were
established, the 301)1 year of Henry VIII. There are two columns,
one for the date of the year, the other of the reign of the King ; and
the entries are regular, well written, and now very legible.
The Manor of Thorley, appendant on the farm called Thorley
Hall, was in the last century in the possession of Sir Wm. Billers,
afterwards in the family of Raper, from whom it went by marriage to
the Grants, and is now in the possession of Edward, Lord Ellen-
borough, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench, who pur-
chased it of John Peter Grant, Esq., grandson and representative of
Mr. Raper, in 1807. Yours, etc., THORLEIENSIS.
Thundridge.
[1811, Fart l.,p. 609.]
I send you a south-eastern view of Thundridge Bury, near Ware,
Herts, late the seat of J. Hollingsworth, Esq. (see Plate I.). This
capacious and venerable mansion (originally named Tonbridge Bury)
is situated about a mile from Wade's Mill, near Ware, and was built
about the reign of Henry VII., though the outside of the building
has from time to time been modernized, and only a small part, on
the north side, retains its original form. The rooms are large. On
the ground-floor are two parlours 36 feet by 18, and a hall 40 feet
square, embellished with an elegant mantelpiece, containing much
antique ornament, with the arms, helmet, and crest of the Gardiners,
long possessors of this estate, one of whom lately sold it by auction
to R. Giles, Esq., of Young's Bury, near this place, who has sold the
mansion in lots to pull down. On removing the wainscot some very
good paintings were discovered, executed on the plaster-walls, of the
achievements of Hercules, one of which has been preserved. In
another part of the house was discovered a painting, not very finely
executed, but remarkably fresh in its colours ; the subject, Hunting
298 Hertfordshire.
a Wild Bull. Mr. Hollingsworth resided here about twenty eight
years, and made many elegant improvements, particularly in the
plantations and grounds, which are well stocked, principally with
stately firs of various sorts. These, together with a moat that partly
surrounds the house, and the church spire peeping above the trees,
produce a pleasing and picturesque effect. It is much to be regretted
that this venerable mansion, with every requisite for the maintenance
of old English hospitality, should be destroyed ere Time had marked
it with his desolating hand. Yours, etc., P.
[1811, Part //.,/. 305.]
I beg to add the following particulars to the account of Thundridge
Bury, which you have already inserted in the first part of your present
volume, p. 609.
It is remarkable that the oldest historian of Hertfordshire takes
no notice when the manor-house was built, though he speaks of the
manor having subsisted prior to the reign of Edward III. The first
mention of the manor-house is in the z6th year of Henry VIII.
Both certainly remained in possession of the family of Gardiner from
the early part of this reign to the reign of his present Majesty, when
the estate, manor and mansion were sold by Gilbert Gardiner, Esq.,
to Daniel Giles, Esq., who has now pulled it down. Upon stripping
the north side of the building were discovered paintings on the wall,
which were executed in a very rude style of drawing, but in colours
which retained much of their original lustre. The subject of one
piece was hunting a wild bull, which appeared to be pursued by a
man on foot with a long javelin in his hand, and to be opposed in
front by another who had taken his station behind a tree, which,
growing from the trunk into a division of two branches, affords him
a rest for his spear, so levelled as to receive the beast on its point,
while a third stands in an oblique direction on his right hand,
prepared with an arquebuse to fire. The second piece was a party
fishing, done in the same style. Around the hall were represented
the Labours of Hercules, a work most probably of a later date,
undoubtedly by the hand of a superior artist, not in colours, but in a
manner which might be called etching on plaster, one panel of
which was with difficulty preserved, and is in the custody of the
writer of these particulars. P.
Waltham Cross.
[1832, Part II., pp. 105-108.]
Waltham Cross is a monument remarkable for the illustrious
historical character whom it commemorates, and rendered still more
precious by the beauty of its architectural design. . . .
Edward, fifteen years after his marriage with Eleanor (during
Waltham Cross. 299
which interval he had distinguished himself in various chivalrous
encounters and political events), was signed with the cross at North-
ampton by Ottobon, the legate of the pope, at the same time with
his brother Edmund and the Earl of Gloucester.*
Two years subsequent to this ceremony he set out on his ex-
pedition to the Holy Land, in accomplishment of his vow, accom-
panied by his wife, the faithful companion of his perils, who there
gave birth to a daughter, Joan, surnamed de Acre (Aeon), from the
place where she first drew breath. This Joan became the wife of
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. While Edward was sojourning
at Acre, a correspondence was opened with him by a certain Saracen
Amiral, of Joppa, who professed a high respect for his character, and
testified a desire to become a Christian. The messenger employed
by the Amiral was one Anzazim, a member of that extraordinary
tribe called Assassins, whose elective monarch received the appella-
tion of the Old Man of the Mountain, and who have since given a
name to all hired murderers. This man, we are informed, had been
brought up, according to the custom of the sect to which he belonged,
in a subterraneous cavern, a troglodyte from his birth, in order that,
unaccustomed to the influence of civilization, and thus unawed by-
respect for rank, he might rush on any prince an enemy of his
religion, and put him to death ; instructed to believe that, if he
should perish in such an act, the joys of Paradise in life eternal
awaited him. We may doubt, after this statement, of the innocence
of the Amiral's intentions alleged by historians, since he employed
such an. ambassador.
Anzazim on one of these missions approached the English prince,
and requested a private audience. Edward dismissed his attendants,
and retired with the messenger 10 an oriel window, when on a sudden
the wily Assassin drew a poisoned dagger and stabbed the king twice
in the arm, and once, probably thrusting at his breast, under the
arm-pit. Edward struck the villain down with his foot and slew him
with his own knife, in wresting which from his grasp he dreadfully
wounded his hand.
According to others, he dashed out the miscreant's brains with the
tripod supporter of a table standing by.
The wounds festered from the venom with which the point of the
weapon that inflicted them had been imbued. Edward's affectionate
consort is said with her own mouth to have extracted the poison,
applying her tongue to the rankling wounds until they healed, ami
receiving no injury herself from the act. On which relation an old
authority has taken occasion, somewhat quaintly, to observe on the
sovereign efficacy of a good wife's tongue when properly applied. t
Knyghton takes the credit of the cure from Queen Eleancr, and
* Matt. Paris, p. 1005.
t Speed's '• Historv of England."
3oo Hertfordshire.
gives it to a skilful surgeon, who boldly excised the mortified flesh
from the arm of his royal patient* If this should be considered the
more probable account, there is no reason to doubt of the queen's
anxious attendance on her husband under this casualty, which might
give rise to a romantic version of her conduct. She bore Edward
four sons, of whom the youngest succeeded to his crown, the un-
fortunate Edward II., surnamed of Caernarvon, and nine daughters ;
and having been his wife for thirty->ix years, deceased, in an ex-
pedition with him towards the northern borders on November ayth,
1290, at the house of Sir Richard Weston at Heidhy or Harby, in
the parish of North Clifton-upon-Trent, five miles from Lincoln. f
Edward caused her body to be conveyed to London in great pomp,
and himself retraced his steps to attend it. It was received into the
churches at different stages on its road— namely, at Lincoln, Newark,
Grantham, Leicester, Stamford, Geddington, Northampton,! Stony
Stratford, Woburn, Dunstable, St. Alban's. Waltham, etc. — and at
every one of these resting-places the king caused a cross to be
erected, bearing statues of her and the armorial achievements which
appertained to her dignities.
The Abbey Church of Waltham Holy Cross received the sad
remains of departed royalty for the night, and at the point where
the procession diverged from the highroad to convey the body to the
sacred precinct Waltham Cross was erected. . . .
Waltham Cross has been often described, and descriptions of
buildings seldom convey a well-defined idea; it will be better,
therefore, to call in the efficient aid of delineation, and to lay before
your readers an etching, chiefly derived from Mr. Clarke's plan for
its restoration. . . .
The arms of England, Castile, and Leon, and Ponthieu, § on
shields suspended by their guiges or straps from knots of foliage,
decorate the hexagonal compartments of its basement story. The
elegant style of these ornaments closely resembles that of the ancient
shields in the nave of Westminster Abbey commemorating the bene-
factors to the fabric.
The three figures of the queen which adorn the second stage, and
whose draperies are disposed in a taste that would not disgrace the
Grecian school, have suffered much from exposure in an elevated
* " Hen. de Knyghton apud Decem Scriptores," p. 2457.
t Descriptions for Stothard's "Monumental Effigies," p. 31.
J There are views of all three of the crosses, by which their features may be
compared, in the " Vetusta Monumenta," vol. iii., and BriUon's " Architectural
Antiquities," vol. i.
§ The arms of Castile and Leon, quarterly, gules, a castle or. and argent, a
lion rampant purpure. These were used by Eleanor's father Ferdinand, as King
of Castile and Leon, and are considered to be the first instance of two coats being
borne quarterly in one shield. The arms of the Earldom of I'onthieu were, or,
three bendlets azure within a bordure gules.
Walt ham Cross. 301
situation in the stress of weather. Those who have hitherto
attempted in drawings to restore these figures have greatly erred
in altering their attitude, and in placing a sceptre and a mundus
in the queen's hands, which latter distinction is inappropriate, for
the orb, as the mark of sovereignty, can only belong to queens
regnant.
Luckily we are in possession of excellent authority for restoring
the figures of Queen Eleanor at Waltham Cross. The attitude in
which they were placed is that which was much in vogue in repre-
senting females on the seals and sculptures of the period ; the left
hand seizes the cordon of the mantle and draws it over the shoulders,
while the right holds a short sceptre in an easy position. The
posture of the statues on Waltham Cross was precisely that of the
female figure represented on the seal of this Queen engraved in
Sandford's " Genealogical History of England," and also on that of
her daughter-in-law, Queen Isabella, and which have accordingly
been referred to by the artist who executed the accompanying
etching.* A. J. K.
Westmill.
[1786, Part //., /. 836.]
From the papers of Dr. Paul Wright we take the following epitaph
in Westmill Church :
" Near this monument in a family vault are interred the remains of William
Benn, esq., Alderman of the City of London, President of Bridewell and Bethlem
Hospitals, Sheriff of this county in the year 1739, elected Sheriff for the City of
London 1742, and with dignity and applause filled the high station of Lord Mayor
1747. Sensible of his approaching end he calmly resigned his breath, in hopes of
a joyful resurrection through the merits of his blessed Saviour. August the loth,
I7S5. aged S3 years. . . ."
Wheathampstead.
[1840, Pan //.,/. 298.]
Some men lately digging gravel on No Man's Land, near Wheat-
hampsted, discovered in the earth, at a depth below the surface
varying from 18 inches to 4 feet, the remains of twenty-five human
skeletons, lying side by side, in the direction from west to east, in
the space of about 20 square feet. In many of the skulls the teeth
remained perfectly sound, and the enamel as fresh as on one recently
interred. It has been supposed that these remains belong to part
* The Society of Antiquaries, at the instance of their secretary, Dr. Stukeley,
interfered to preserve it, and at their suggestion the brick-work was carried round
its base, and posts erected, in the year 1757, by John, second Lord Monson, lord
of the manor of Cheshunt, in which parish the cross stands. See Clutterbuck's
"History of Hertfordshire," vol. ii., p. 78. In this work is a beautiful view of
Waltham Cross, and the landscape to the eastward of it, drawn by E. Blore, from
a sketch by the late W. Alexander, and engraved by H. Le Keux.
302 Hertfordshire.
of the slain who fell in the second battle of St. Albans, fought in
1461. They were inspected by several medical gentlemen and
others, and were buried again, about 6 feet deep, by order of Mr.
John House, the steward of the manor.
The following articles are omitted :
1807, part ii., pp. 1119-1121. Hertfordshire epitaphs on eminent persons.
1832, part i., pp. 200, 388, 389. St. Albans Abbey.
1832, part ii., pp. 225, 226. Waltham Cross, by J. Britton.
1833, part ii., pp. 201-208. The same.
1844, part ii., pp. 375-377. Collars of livery and badges at battle of
Barnet.
References to other volumes of the Gentleman's Magazine Library:
Prehistoric Antiquities : — Excavations on Royston Heath. — Archeology,
part i., pp. 123, 124; ancient British torques at Mardox. — Archeology,
part ii., p. 139.
Roman Remains : — Hemel Hempstead, Highwood Hill, Pirton, Royston, St.
Albans, Verulam, Ware. — Romano-British Remains, part i., pp. 132-
137; part ii., pp. 389-395.
Architecture : — Churches of St. Albans. — Architectural Antiquities, part i.,
pp. 358-360; Hatfield House. — Architectural Antiquities, part ii.,
pp. 36-38.
Ecdesiology : — St. Albans. — Ecclesiology, pp. 6, n, 23, 24, 52, 172.
Folklore: "Popladys"at St. Albans, Witchcraft at Tring and Walkern.—
Popular Superstitions, pp. 15, 16, 247,267-269; apparition at Tewin ;
English Traditions, p. 104.
Huntingdonshire.
HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
[l8l7, //. 210-212.)
ANCIENT STATE AND REMAINS.
British Inhabitants. — Iceni, of whom th- heroine Broadicea was
Queen.
Roman Province. — Flavia Cscsariensis. Stations. — Duroliponte,
Godmanchester, or Huntingdon, Dunrobrivce, Domford Ferry.
Saxon Heptarchy. — Originally East Anglia, afterwards, by con-
quest, Mercia.
Antiquities. — Ramsey Abbey, Bluntisham, St. Ives and St. Neots
(tower 150 feet high).
Churches. — Kimbolton Castle.
Ramsey was a mitred abbey, founded in 969 by Aylwin — totius
Aupeite Aldermannus — through the persuasion of St. Oswald, Bishop
of Worcester. In it were buried the founder and its sainted Abbess
Elfleda. Among its relics were the cheek-bone of St. Egwin and the
cowl of St. Alphage ! It contained a very valuable Hebrew library,
and several of its monks were learned Hebricians.
St. Ives derives its name from Ivo, a Persian Archbishop, said to
have died and been buried there about 600. St. Neots obtained its
appellation from the relics of St. Neot, having been removed thither
from Cornwall.
Kimbolton Castle was the retirement of Catharine of Arragon after
her divorce, who died there January 8, 1536.
PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE.
Rivers. — Ouse, Nene or Nen, Cam.
Inland Navigation. — Nen and Ouse rivers.
Lakes. — Whittlesea, Ramsey and Ugg Meres.
Eminences and Views. — Alconbury Hill ; Bluntisham Churchyard ;
Holywell.
VOL. XVII. 2O
•506 Huntingdonshire.
Natural Curiosities. — Hailweston and Somersham medicinal waters
Seats. — Kimbolton Castle, Duke of Manchester, lord-lieutenant
of the county ; Buckden Palace, Bishop of Lincoln ; Connington
Castle, John Heathcote, Esq. ; Elton, Earl of Carysfort ; Gains
Hall, J. Duberley, Esq. ; Hinchinbrook House, Earl of Sandwich ;
Overton Longueville, Earl of Aboyne ; Paxton Place, Pointer
Stanley, Esq. ; Paxton House, Richard Reynolds, Esq. ; Ramsey,
William Henry Fellowes, Esq.; Stirtloe, Lancelot Brown, Esq.;
Stoughton, Earl Ludlow ; Upwood House, Sir Richard Bickerton,
Bart. ; Views, The, George Sharpe, Esq.
HISTORY.
A.D. 1283, The Earldom of Huntingdon (which appertained to
the Crown of Scotland from the time of Stephen) granted by
Edward I. to William Clinton.
1645, Huntingdon (August 25), taken, and the Parliamentarian,
Captain Bennett, slain by Charles I.
1648, at St. Neots, July 7, Royalists surprised and defeated by
Colonel Scroop ; and their commander, Henry Rich, Earl of
Hollr.nd, shortly afterwards taken prisoner at St. Ives, and conveyed
to London, where he was beheaded.
BIOGRAPHY.
Beaumais, surnamed Rums, Bishop of London, Sawtrey Beaumes
(died 1128).
Broughton, Richard, author of " Monasticum Britannicum,"
Stukeley (flor. temp. Jac. I.).
Cotton, Sir Robert, antiquary, Denton, 1570.
Cromwell, Bridget, eldest daughter of Oliver, wife of Ireton,
Huntingdon, 1624.
Cromwell, Elizabeth, favourite daughter of Oliver, wife of John
Claypoole, Huntingdon, 1629.
Cromwell, Henry, Lord Deputy of Ireland, Huntingdon, 1628.
Cromwell, Sir Oliver, generous and loyal, Hinchinbrook, 1562.
Cromwell, Oliver, Regicide, Protector, Huntingdon, 1599.
Cromwell, Richard, Protector, Huntingdon, 1626.
Dixie, Sir William, founder of Bosworth School, Lord Mayor of
London, 1585, Great Catworth.
Dunton, John, bookseller, author of " Athenian Gazette," Graff-
ham, 1659.
Everton, Silvester de, Bishop of Carlisle, Everton (died 1254).
Fishbourn, Richard, benefactor, Huntingdon (died 1625).
Huntingdon, Gregory of, Prior of Ramsey, Hebrician, Hunting-
don (died 1280).
Huntingdon, Henry of, historian, Huntingdon, 1220.
Mapletoft, John, physician and divine, Margaret Inge, 1631.
Miscellaneous Remarks. 307
Marshall, Stephen, first of the Smectymnians, Godmanchester
(died 1655).
Montague, Edward, Earl of Manchester, Parliamentarian General,
Kimbolton, 1602.
Nicholas, Sir Ambrose, founder of almshouses, Lord Mayor of
London in 1576, Needingworth.
Perrot, Robert, Nonconformist divine and author, St. Ives.
Pratt, Samuel Jackson, "The Gleanor," miscellaneous writer, St.
Ives, 1749.
Ramsey, William de, Abbot of Peterborough, biographical poet
(flor. temp. Edward IV.).
St. Ives, Roger de, writer against the Lollards, St. Ives (flor.
1400).
St. Noets, Hugh De, commentator on St. Luke, St. Noets (died
Saltrey or Sawtrey, Henry, writer on Purgatory, Sawtrey All Saints
(flor. 1 140).
Trimnel, Charles, Bishop of Winchester, Ripton Abbots, 1663.
White, Francis, Bishop of Ely, St. Neots (died 1638).
White, John, divine, St. Neots (died 1615).
Whittlesea, William de, Archbishop of Canterbury, Whittlesea
(died 1375).
Wild, Robert, Nonconformist divine and poet, St. Ives, 1609.
MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS.
Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire form one sheriflfalty ; the
Sheriff is appointed one year from the Isle of Ely, the next year from
the other part of Cambridgeshire, and the following year from this
county.
In Bluntisham Church is the monument of its rector, Dr. Knight,
biographer of Colet and Erasmus.
In Buckden Church lie the Bishops of Lincoln, two Barlows,
Sanderson, Reynolds and Green.
In Connington Church is the monument of the antiquary, Sir
Robert Cotton.
Glatton was the property of Mr. Wells, of Chatham, who built the
50 gunship, so called, in which Captain Trollope, on July 16, 1796,
off Helvoetsluys, defeated and pursued a French squadron of six
frigates, a cutter and a brig.
At Huntingdon, in April, 1593, John Samwell, of Warboys, his
wife and daughter were executed for witchcraft, and so lately as July,
1719, Mary Hicks and her daughter, only nine years of age, were
executed at the same place for the same pretended crime.
At Kimbolton were buried Henry, first Earl of Manchester, Lord
High Treasurer to James I. ; Edward his successor, the Parliamen-
tarian General ; Robert, the first Duke, and his descendants.
2O - 2
308 Huntingdonshire.
Little Gidding was the religious retirement of the Ferrar family,
remarkable for their learning, the purity of their lives, and the
austerity of their discipline. The establishment was founded in
1625 by Mr. Nicholas Ferrar (who died thtre in 1637), and was
repeatedly visited by Charles I.
At Ramsey, in 1666, 400 persons died of the plague, introduced by
a coat made in London by a tailor who died of that disease.
At St. Ives, April 30, 1689, a great part of the town and properly,
to the value of ,£13,072, was destroyed by fire.
Somersliam Rectory, annexed to the Regius Professorship of
Divinity at Cambridge, was held by that excellent Apologist for
Christianity, Dr. Watson, the late Bishop of Landaff.
Stilton gives name to some excellent cheese, which was first
publicly sold at the Bell Inn in that place, but it is made in a
particular district in Leicestershire.
Wansford Bridge is celebrated by Drunken Barnaby, whose
adventure on a haycock, swept away by a flood whilst he was sleep-
ing upon it, is commemorated on the sign of the principal inn, called
" Wansford in England."
At Wyton, September 28, 1795, the late Right Hon. Charles
James Fox was married to Elizabeth Blane. BYRO.
Alwalton.
[1842, Part I., p. 304.]
The church at Alwalton is a very beautiful edifice of ancient date,
combining the Norman and Early English styles. Its repairs had long
been neglected, and at various times it had been disfigured by every
possible enormity : by pews, or rather cribs, of every shape, size, height,
and colour; by what was called a singing loft; by bricking up one
most beautiful arch, and by letting others go to decay; by broken floors,
broken seats, and broken windows ; by crumbling walls, and a roof
scarcely hanging together. All these defects have been repaired ;
everything tending to disfigure the building has been removed. An
entire new roof has been put on the nave anrl transepts ; the walls
of the latter have been rebuilt ; the arches and the windows have all
been restored ; the church is repaved ; the body of it is now fitted
wiih open free seats, and the remaining pews have been renewed in
a uniform style. The cost of these works (exclusive of ^200 laid out
on the chancel) amounts to ^750. Of this sum ^ni were raised
by a 2s. rate ; ^55 were given by the Society for Promoting the
Building of Churches ; ^255 by other donations. During the pre-
sent month the inhabitants met, and although a great deficiency in
the funds then existed, good example produced so beneficial an effect
that considerable additions were made to previous liberal subscrip-
tions (among them an addition of ^£45 to his previous subscription,
fiom the venerable churchwarden, Mr. Bark), and a rate of 35. 6d.
Alwalton. 309
in the £ was unanimously agreed on, which will have the effect
of liquidating the whole of the expenses incurred in this Christian
work. Two excellent sermons, preached by the Rev. John Hopkin-
son, A.M., the Rector, on the reopening of the church, have txen
published at Stamford.
Buckden.
[1841, Fart I., pp. 241-247.]
Buckden is a small but pleasant village on the great North road,
about six miles north of St. Neots. To this advantage, now almost
lost sight of in the general improvement of our means of communica-
tion, it probably owed the circumstance of its being selected as a
residence by the Bishops of Lincoln, who have had a "manor" or
palace here during many centuries.
•'Bugedene" is surveyed in Domesday Book among the lands of
the Bishop of Lincoln ; the arable land was twenty carucates, of
which five were in demesne. There is, therefore, no foundation for
the statement, which, having been started by Leland,* appears to
have been taken for granted by the subsequent writers on the topo-
graphy of the much neglected county of Huntingdon ; that this
manor was transferred from the Abbey of Ely, by way of compensa-
tion, when the latter was first erected into a bishopric in the reign of
Henry I. Leland adds that " Rotheram Bishop of Lincoln buildid
the new brike towr at Brukden. He clene translatid the Haul, and
did much coste there beside."!
The period of the episcopate of Thomas Rotherham (who was
afterwards Archbishop of York), in ^e see of Lincoln, was from
1472 to 1480.
The works were continued by John Russell, his successor, whose
rebus of a throstle remains to the present day in the bosses of the
dining-room (as seen in our Plate), surrounded with this inscription,
Jfe 0ui0 k IfltteceUuj). It may be remarked that the same motto
in his own handwriting is engraved in Nichols's " Royal and Noble
Autographs," fol. 1829, pi. n, from a volume of Latin poetry, by
Walter Mapes, etc., formerly in the bishop's possession and now in
the Cottonian Library. . . .
* ''Spaldwik and Bukden," says Leland, "were geven out of the fee of St.
Etheldrede to the Bishop of Lincoln for the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Ely in
Cambridgeshire." Godwin added Biggleswade, "Ad resarciendum damnum sibi
inferendum, Rex de alieno corio ludens, largitus est illi et successorihus tria
manneria, ad Ecclesiam Eliensem hucusque spectantia, mmirum Spaldwick, Biccles-
worth, et Bokden." That Spaldwick was so given is shown by the charter printed
in the " Monasticon ;" but it was remarked by Browne Willis, " Cathedrals," vol. ii.,
p. 47, that Higgleswade was given to the church of Ely at a sul^equent time, and
another charter in the " Monasticon " shows the grant was made in 1 132. Neitlu r
had Biggleswade ever belonged to the church of Ely ; at the Dome-day Survey it
was the manor of Radulphus de Insula, and the gift to the church of Lincoln came
direct from the King.
t Itin., iv., 48.
3 1 o Huntingdonshire.
There was a palace at this place in the time of the memorable
Robert Grosstete, who died in it October 9, 1252. Upon a minute
examination of the older parts of the structure, as it remains at
present, there appears to be no remnant of the house inhabited by
this distinguished prelate. The great chamber, which had subse-
quently been convened into a drawing-room, passage, and bedroom,
is the most ancient part now standing. The nnials on the top of
each of its gables are simple and ornamented with a rude volute,
and might induce some persons to attribute this building to the
thirteenth century. But the coping upon the bay window of the
eastern gable (now the drawing-room window) seems conclusive to
the contrary. It rises a very few inches, and shows the commence-
ment of the embattled moulding ; and this appears to have been
introduced in the succeeding century. With this the carvings at
the ends of the timbers of the roof also agree. In the opinion of
some persons, who are no inferior judges of such matters, it may be
dated as far back as the very beginning of the fourteenth century.
The other parts of the palace bear testimony to the thne of Bishop
Russell, who was translated from Rochester to the see of Lincoln
September 9, 1480, and died January 30, 1494; fixing the building
of the greater part of the structure between these dates. Upon the
principal gateway into the court of the palace his armorial bearings
(two chevronels between three roses) is formed by coloured bricks,
answering to its proper blazon. The same occurs in the gable of
this part of the building towards the kitchen garden; and again, in
bold relief, on the boss of the ceiling of the great dining-room in the
lower story of the great tower. On another boss of the same ceiling
is his rebus, a throstle* or thrush, with this old French legend issuing
from its beak, " Le Roscelluy je suis," within a border of roses.
The character of this paitof the palace is that of the square-headed
Perpendicular, with a drip-stone ; excepting the chapel, the windows
of which are wiihin a four-centred arch. The fitting up of the
chapel appears to have been done by his successor, Bishop Smith,
who came to the see November 6, 1495, and whose arms (a chevron
between three roses) are carved in relief on a shield held by an
angel, as an ornament for the end of the bishop's seat. Just below
the ceiling of the chapel is a small window into a bedroom, probably
designed for the bishop, through which he was enabled both to hear
and see the minister officiating 'at the altar. There was originally
an entrance to the chapel at the bottom of a corkscrew staircase near
the bishop's seat, through which the chaplain entered from his
chamber above the chapel. This staircase led up to the lobby,
from which both the bishop and chaplain had access to their sleeping
apartments. The room below this lobby and the bishop's bedroom
* See Chaucer, 1. 13,699.
Buckden. 3 1 1
appears to have been the prelate's private library, from which there
was access to the chapel.*
In the centre of the main bo.ly of the palace there was a small
court open to the weather, out of which there was an arched door-
way into the offices beneath the great chamber. This court was
subsequently covered with a skylight.
The north-western parts of the palace having been rebuilt and
altered from the original design, in consequence of the hall and its
appendages, which stood in that direction, having been demolished
when it was in the hands of the Parliamentary Commissioners in the
seventeenth century, it is impossible to state to what purpose they
were applied. It is probable that the principal entrance was opposite
to the present principal gate, and that a lobby conducted to the hall
on the left, and on the right to the staircase of the tower and great
chamber, as at present. Besides this way of access, the tower has a
staircase in its north-east and north-west turrets. The whole of this,
together with the entrance-tower and the offices attached to it, was
surrounded by a ditch, with certain walls embattled, in those parts
which were not defended by buildings. And when we recollect that
this mansion was erected during the turbulent times of Edward IV.,
and not finished till those of Richard III., its castellated character,
though designed for the habitation of a man of peace, is accounted
for.
The rooms on the ground-floor on either side of the great gate
were appropriated to domestic purposes. That on the right hand as
you enter was originally the almonry, the hatch of which still remains,
as do the benches under the gateway itself, on which the poor sat.
The rooms on the left, entered from a cloister, were appropriated to
the dairy, and further northward to the brewery, attached to which is
a spacious octagonal turret. A square turret leads up to two rooms,
one above the oiher, over the gateway. The lower, lately the
diocesan library, was probably the secretary's apartment, as the rooms
to the southward were his office and registry. The chambers on the
left of the entrance-tower were applied to the purpose of a record-
room, and sleeping-rooms for menials.
The ancient kitchen was, it is supposed, destroyed with the hall,
near which it was always situate under the ancient arrangement.
The modern building applied to this purpose abuts upon the offices
beneath the drawing-room. Above the great dining-room, lobby,
and small room adjoining is the principal bedroom, dressing-room
and a small apartment.t and, again, above these the great dorter or
dormitory, occupying the whole space at the top of the tower. In
this were two chimneys. The present bishop converted this room
* The writer is here refening to the time of Bishop Russell,
t Probably the space these occupy was originally one large room for the higher
orders; who were accustomed, in times past, to repose in one apartment.
3 1 2 Huntingdonshire.
into two bedrooms. The turrets at the angles of this tower are
octagonal. Two contain stairs, as has been stated, and the other
two small octagon rooms fitted up with shelves in recesses, which
seem to point them out as intended for retirement and study.
In the reign of King James I. the palace fell into decay, and the
extent of the repairs then done to it will be best understood by the
following extracts from Racket's " Life of Archbishop Williams," the
prelate who possessed it at that time :
" He came to his seat of Bugden at disadvantage in the winter :
and winter cannot be more miry in any coast of England than it is
round about it. He found a house nothing to his content to enter-
tain him. 'Twas large enough, but rude, waste, unirimm'd, and in
much out of the outward dress like the grange of a fanner ; for from
the time of his predecessor, Dr. Russel. that was Lord Chancellor of
England, and sat there in the days of Edward the Fourth, and laid out
much upon that place, none that followed him, no not Splendian
Woolsey, did give it any new addition, but rather suffered it to be
overgrown with the decays of an ill-favour'd antiquity. This bishop
did wonders in a short time, with the will of a liberal man and the
wit of a good surveyor, for in the space of one year, with many hands
and good pay, he turned a ruinous thing into a stately mansion. The
outhouses, by which all strangers passed, were the greatest eyesore ;
these he pluck'd down to the ground, and re-edified witli convenient
beauty, as well for use as uniformity. These were stables, barns,
granaries, houses for doves, brewing, and dairies ; and the outward
courts, which were next them, he cast into fair allies and grass-plats.
" Within doors the Cloysters* were the trimmest part of his repara-
tions. The windows of the square,t beautified with stories of
coloured glass, the pavement laid smooth and new, and the walls on
every side hung with pieces of exquisite workmen in limning,
collected and provided long before. The like and better was done
for the Chapel in all ihese circumstances, and with as much cost as
it was capable of; for the oversight from the beginning was, that it
•was the only room in the house that was too little.
" He planted woods, the trees in many places devised by him into
ranks and proportions; but woods are the most needful supplies for
posterity, and the most neglected. He fenced the Park and stored it
with deer. He provided for good husbandry, and he bought in all
the leases of the demesnes for them which would stock the grounds ;
which improvidently, and for hunger of monies, were let out to the
very gates.
" He loved stirring and walking, which he used two hours and
more every day in the open air if the weather served ; especially if he
* All of which must have been subsequently destroyed in the Rebellion, except
the small cloister of the offices.
t Only three sides of which remain.
Buckdcn. 3 1 3
might go to and fro, where good scents and works of well-formed
shape were about him. But tliat this was his innocent recreation it
would amount to an error, that he should bury so much money in
gardens, arbours, orchards, pools for water-fowls, and for fish of all
variety, with a walk raised 3 feet from the ground, of about a mile* in
compass, shaded and covered on each side with trees and pales.
" He (Dr. Racket) who reports this knew best that all the nurseries
about London for fair flowers and choice fruits were ransacked to
furnish him. Alcinous, if he liad lived at Bugden, could not have
liv'd better. And all this, take it together, might have stood to
become five ages after his reparation. ' But,' he adds (writing after
the Rebellion), ' what is there that appears now? or what remains of
all this cost and beauty ? All is dissipated, defaced, pluc't to pieces
to pay the army, following the rule which Severus the Emperor gave
to his sons Antoninus and Geta, " Locupletate milites, creteros omnes
contemnite." Here's nothing standing of all the Bishop's delights
and expence. Nebuzar-adan, the servant of the King of Babylon,
hath been there, 2 Kings xxv. 8, and made profit of the havock of
the place, though the building would have yielded more gain to have
let it stood than to be demonish'd. But such purchasers made ready
mony of everything to-day, dreading the right owner's return; or that
another chapman, upon some new state project, might purchase it
over his head to-morrow,' etc., etc. . . .
" It were sad to part thus with such a delightful pile of building.
Therefore return to it while it stood and flourish'd. Above all, while
the true owner kept it, the holy service of God was well order'd and
observed at noon, and at evening with musick and organ, exquisitely,
as in the best Cathedrals ; and with such voices, as the kingdom
afforded not better for skill and sweetness, the Bishop bearing a tenor
part among them often. And this was constant every day, as well as
on solemn feasts, unless the birds were flown abroad, for they are of a
tribe of which some are not always Canons Regular, whose negli-
gence the Bishop punish'd no further than with a merry story. "t
The worthy biographer's style is diffuse, and we have not space to
quote him at length, though many of his details are very interesting
and curious. . . . He gives this interesting picture of the episcopal
hospitality of the olden times :
" Bugden is a thorough-fare into the great counties of Lincoln and
York ; whose nobles and gentry, with their retinues, call'd in at that
palace in their passage, and found a sumptuous table and a cellar
free, if not open. The House, as great as it was, was likely well
filled. The Master of it delighted not in solitude ; for he loved not
to save charges. Besides such passengers, he seldom set to meat
without some of the Clergy, commonly a coovy. The very yeomanry
* The extent was less than a mile.
t Hacket's "Life of Archbishop Williams," part ii., p. 29.
3 1 4 Himtiiigdonshire.
of fashion of the adjacent towns were welcome, not only to his hall,
but to his board. And though the resort was such, yet he lived in
that order and method that his more serious thoughts were seldom
interrupted with domestick affairs. The poor were sharers in this
hospitality, more than any for their number, with whom he desired
to divide the goods of the earth, that he might divide with them the
joys of heaven. . . .*
"At this table a Chorister read a chapter in the English trans-
lation at dinner, and one of his Gentlemen another in the Latin
translation at supper : for there was none of them but was bred at
least to so much learning. After that, discourse took up the time ;
. . . Herein the Bishop excellM himself; for none could give better
discourse to all that sit with him at meat. ... So much company
was often about the Bishop, as made Bugden look like an Academy
and the cheer like a Commencement. . . . From Cambridge, that
being so near, and he so hospitable, he was daily visited. But when
Dr. Ward and Dr. Brownrigg (now the Right Reverend Bishop of
Exon) came to do him honour with their observance, it was a high
feast with him. This noble pair were both most godly, most learned,
most humble, fit to make friends with the most virtuous."* . . .
The person alluded to under the name of Nebuzar-adan, it is
believed, was the famous Alderman Packe, the Republican Lord
Mayor of London, to whom " the manner of Bugden " was sold for
the sum of ^8,174 i6s. 6d. by the Commissioners for the sale of
Bishops' lands on January 23, 1648-49^
This was during the episcopate of Bishop Winniffe, Williams
having been translated to the see of York in 1641. But at an earlier
period, when Williams fell into disgrace with Charles I. in 1637, it
appears that the furniture, if not the structure, of Buckden hail
suffered materially. In order to enforce the pavn.ent of the fine
imposed upon him in the Star Chamber, its solicitor, Kilvert,J was
commissioned to go down to Buckden and Lincoln, with an extent,
and the devil, says Hacket, " could do no worse to Job, when he
was put into his hands ; he seizeth upon all the books he found ;
movables, goods, plate, furniture, to the value of ^10,000, ot which
he never made account but of ^800. . . . He telled the timber,
killed the deer of the park, settles in Bugden House for three
summers, with a seraglia of qucedam, sells an organ that cost ^120
at ,£10 ; pictures that cost .£400 at ^5. Books he filcht what he
could, and tor four cellars of wine, cyder, ale, beer, with wood, hay,
corn, and the like, stored up for a year or two, he gave not account
of sixpence, but spent it upon baggage, and loose franions, as prodi-
* Ilacket's " Life of Archbishop Williams," part ii., p. 31.
t "Collectanea Tcpog. et Geneal.," vol. i., p. 105.
t In another place called "a vexatious prosecutor of many in the Couit of Star
Clumber" . . . "the worst visitor that ever came to a Bishop's house," p. 62.
I
Buckden. 3 1 5
gaily as if he had kept a Shrievalty. Thus a brave personal estate
flew away into atoms, and not a tally struck to pay his Majesty."*
Upon the ejection of the Bishops in the Great .Rebellion, the
Parliamentarian Commissioners made a survey of the palace, which
is still in the Bishop's registry ; and from the description therein
given a conclusion may be drawn that the north-west part of the
fabric, containing the hall and its appurtenances, as already men-
tioned, were demolished before the Restoration. For, on the elec-
tion of Dr. Sanderson to the Bishopric of Lincoln, he found this the
only palace left to it, and in so dilapidated a state as to require
extensive repairs. Of this, Isaac Walton, in his life of that wise,
pious, meek, and innocent prelate, gives the following testimony :
"The bishop's chief house of Bugden, having been, at his consecra-
tion, a great part of it demolished, and what was left standing under
a visible decay, was by him undertaken to be erected and repaired ;
and it was performed with great speed, care, and charge."t
It continued in this state till the time of Bishop Green, who came
to the see in 1761, and who made some slight alterations in the
interior of the north-west part of it. Upon the election of Bishop
Pretyman (Tomline) in 1787 a further change took place by the
addition of a private library and morning-room above it, on the north
side of the chapel, and the filling up of the moat on all sides of the
house except the western, which was left, with a bridge of two
arches over it, at the chief entrance. Bishop Kaye thoroughly
repaired the whole, and added a turret and stairs to the north side
of the entrance hall.
The principal portions of Buckden Palace are still standing,
although it is unoccupied with the exception of the dining-room
which is used as a national schoolroom. There has been a sale of
materials, the produce of which has been paid into the hands of the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners for the benefit of the see ; but the
square tower still remains, containing the dining-room, the great
chamber (of which the drawing-room was a part), said by the late
Mr. Rickman, of Birmingham, to be of the date of the fourteenth
century ; the chapel of the date of Henry VIII. ; and the gateway of
the same date as the tower.
Bishop Russell (or Bishop Rotherham) from the style of the
octagonal buttress at the south-west corner of the garden, surrounded
that part with the brick wall now standing. And there is a tradition
that at the south-east angle stood the house of the Bishop's Chan-
cellor. Opposite the former is an inn, faced with brickwork, but
formerly of timber ; which (although now the White Lion has
usurped the place of the Lamb) was doubtless anciently known by
the sign of the Agnus Dei. The kitchen of this inn affords a
* Hacket, "Life of Archbishop Williams," part ii., p. 182.
+ See Walton's " Life of Bishop Sanderson," Zouch'b edit., p. 428.
3 1 6 Huntingdonshire.
remarkable specimen of the domestic architecture of the fifteenth
century. The rafters are concentrated in a round boss in the middle
of the ceiling, like the cords of 'a tent, on which in relief is the
representation of the lamb and pennon, with the words, "Ecce
Agnus Dei."
In the Church of Buckden the remains of the following bishops
are deposited : William Barlow, 1613; Robert Sanderson, February
i, 1663; and Thomas Barlow, 1691. There is a monument in the
chancel to the memory of Bishop William Barlow, repaired by his
successor, Thomas Barlow ; and two cenotaphs, one for Bishop
Green, who died and was buried at Bath ; the other for Bishop
Pelham, who was interred with his ancestors at Laughton, in Sussex.
Bishop Grey died in the Palace February, 1435. He was a great
benefactor to the building of this church. His armorial bearings —
gules, a lion rampant within a border engrailed argent — were once in
the windows (B. Willis, Cath., ii., 55) Probably it was finished by
Bishop Alnwick, whose arms, a cross moline, are upon a corbel
supporting the roof of the nave.
On January 10, 1814, George, Prince Regent, dined and slept at
Buckden Palace on his return from Belvoir Castle.
There is a view of Buckden Palace by Buck, about 1720, which
affords an adequate idta of its size and general features. A view
published in a pocket-book (we think the "Suffolk Pocket-book") a
few years since gives a pleasing representation of its peaceful aspect.
Seven well-executed lithographic plates of Buckden Palace have been
recently published in 410. by Mr. Rudge, of Bedford.
By the late ecclesiastical alterations, the whole of Huntingdonshire
has been transferred from the see of Lincoln to that of Ely. The
Bishop of Lincoln has removed for his country residence to Willing-
ham House, near Market Rasen, a modern mansion erected in the
year 1790, and formerly the seat of Ayscough Boucherett, Esq.,
M.P. for Great Grimsby.
Hinchinbroke.
[1798, Part 11., pp. 670-673.]
Hinchinbroke House is situated in the parish of Brampton, about
a mile from Huntingdon, on the south-east side of a gentle slope.
The Benedictine priory of nuns, founded here by William the
Conqueror, was granted at the dissolution, 39 Henry VIII., to Sir
Richard Cromwell, great-grandfather of the Protector, and one of the
visitors of religious houses, of which he had no less than seven to his
share.* His son, Sir Henry, made this his winter, and Ramsey his
summer residence, and built at both. The nuns' apartments or cells
* Huntingdon, Saltsey, Ramsey, Ilinchinbroke, and St. Neofs, co. Huntingdon,
Si. Helen's, Bishopsgate, and Grayfriars, Yarmouth.
Hinchinbroke. 3 1 7
are entire, and used as lodging-rooms for the menial servants. The
present kitchen was their refectory. The chapel was destroyed,
except some trifling remains now part of one of the walls of the
house, seeming to have been the corner of the tower ; near which, in
lowering the flooring a few years ago, one or more stone coffins were
found.*
The principal gateway, supported within by two woodmen, large as
life, leads into a court decorated with box or yew trees clipped into
the form of barrels.
Sir Henry's eldest son Oliver resided here ; and here King
James I. visited him in 1603, 1605, 1616, 1617. For the first of
these visits, on his accession to the throne of England, Sir Henry
built that very elegant bow window to the dining room, in which are
two shields of his family arms, impaling those of his two wives,
painted on glass, with many quarterings, and round on the outside a
prodigious number of shields, all engraved and described by Mr.
Noble. t He received the King April 27, 1603, at the gate of the
great court, and conducted him to that which immediately led to the
principal entrance of the house. The concourse of people to see the
new King was so great that he issued a proclamation to prevent it,
but with little success. The liberality of Oliver had such an effect on
James, that he created him, with fifty-nine others, a Knight of the
Bath, July 24, prior to his coronation. His hospitality and expensive
manner of living obliged him to sell this mansion, with all the lands
near it conveyed to him in the original grant, and others which he
had purchased in the parish of Brampton, for ^1,650 in 1627, to Sir
Sidney Montagu, Knt., of Barnwell, co. Northampton, one of the
Masters of the Requests to his Majesty,^ in which family it has ever
since continued. Sir Sidney's second son, Edward, served in the Par-
liament army, but at the Restoration joined the King, and being
admiral of his fleet, was created K.G. May 28, 1661, and on July 12
following Lord Montague of St. Neots, Viscojnt Hinchinbroke, and
Earl of Sandwich, distinguished himself in several actions with the
Dutch, and was at last blown up with his ship off Southwold, May 19,
1672. He was succeeded by his eldest son Edward, who, dying
1689, was succeeded by his eldest son Edward; and he, 1729, by his
grandson John, who died 1792, and was succeeded by his son John,
fifth and present earl.
In the Hall are portraits of —
Commodore Sir Richard Bickerton.
Rear-Admiral Edward Shouldham.
Rear-Admiral Hughes.
Rear-Admiral Palliser.
* Noble's " History of the Cromwells," vol. i., p. 21.
t Ibid., pp. 39, 43, 245, letter G. J Ibid., pp. 33, 34-
3 1 8 Huntingdonshire.
Edward-Richard, Viscount Hinchinbroke, in armour, 1710, father
of the late lord
William Montague, younger brother of the late lord.
Lord Halifax, a bust.
John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester.
Edward, first Earl of Sandwich, whole length, in a black robe,
with star and ruffles and gloves. Of this great man, of whom his
noble descendant had reason to be proud, there are five portraits in
the house, besides the blowing up of his ship twice painted on glass.
Edward, Lord Montagu of Boughton.
Emperor Charles V. in black armour.
Elizabeth, third Countess of Sandwich, daughter of John Wilmot,
Earl of Rochester.
Edward, first Earl of Sandwich, in armour and red robe, holding a
truncheon.
The taking of two French privateers and their prize by the Bridg-
water and Sheerness men-of-war, 1745 (vol. xv., 302).
The Lyon and Elizabeth, 1745 (xv., 352, 387, 441). This was Sir
Piercy Brett's action.
The Blast sloop and two Spanish prizes, 1745.
The Nottingham and Mars, 1746 (xvi., 583).
The taking of the Acapulco ship by Commodore Anson, 1743
(xiii., 326).
Drawing-room.
Frances, Lady Carteright, daughter to Sir Richard Worsley, who
died 17/17, playing on a harp.
Miss Mary Montagu, eldest daughter of Lord Viscount Hinchin-
broke. She died . . .
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward, Lord Hinchinbroke, thirty-three, in
white satin, with a lamb. She married, 1737, Kelland Courtnay,
second son of Sir William C., of Powderham Castle.
Henrietta Maria.
Elizabeth, Duchess of Montagu, in a Turkish dress.
Heads of Mallet, Countess of Lisburne, (third) daughter to the
Earl of Rochester (wife of John, first Viscount Lisburne).
Elizabeth, Countess of Sandwich (wife of the third earl, and
daughter of Lord Rochester).
Dame de Berri, daughter to the regent.
Anne, Viscountess Hinchinbroke. She was lady of the second
earl, and fourth daughter of Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington, and
died 1688-89. Three-quarters, Lely.
Duchess of Orleans.
Duchess of Mazarine.
Mary of Modena, Queen of James II.
Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough.
Hinchinbroke. 3 1 9
Lady Anne Hervey, three-quarters. Qu. daughter of the first Earl
of Bristol, died 1771 ?
Elizabeth, Countess of Northumberland, widow of Joceline,
eleventh Earl of Northumberland, married to Ralph, afterwards Duke
of Montague. She was youngest daughter of Thomas Wriothesley,
Lord Southampton ; married to the Karl of Northumberland, 1662 ;
and after his death, only 1670, to Ralph, Lord Montague, embassa-
dor to France from Charles II., and by Anne created Duke of
Montague, 1705, who had by her his son and successor, and Anne,
grandmother of the late Lord Sandwich.
Elizabeth, Viscountess Hinchinbroke, daughter of Alexander
Popham, wife of Edward Richard, Viscount Hinchinbroke, died
1761.
Anne, daughter of Ra'ph, Duke of Montague (wife of Alex.
Popham, Esq., and mother of the last).
Jemima, Countess of Sandwich, daughter of Lord Crewe (wife of
Edward, first Earl of Sandwich, born 1625, married 1642).
In the Dining-room.
Edward, first Earl of Sandwich, in the robes of the Garter, whole
length.
William, Duke of Cumberland, in robes.
In the window, among other paintings, the landing of Charles II.,
and the death of the first Earl of Sandwich, who was blown up in his
ship, the Royal James, in a sea-fight with the Dutch, May 19, 1672.
The Montague arms and quartcrings.
Edward, first earl, married , daughter of Crew.
Edward, Lord Hinchinbroke.
Sidney M. married — - Wortley.
Jemima M. married Carteret.
Paulina M., Oliver M., and John M., Dean of Durham, died
single.
Charles M., married : i. - - Forster, 2. Rogers.
James M. died single.
Anne married : i. Sir Richard Edgecumbe, K.B., 2. Christopher
Montague.
Catharine married: i. Sir Nicholas Bacon, K.B., 2. Ralph
Gardeman.
On one side, Edward, third Earl of Sunderland, married Wilmor.
Edward, Lord Hinchinbroke.
Elizabeth M. died an infant.
On the other side, Edward, second Earl of Sunderland, married
Boyle.
Edward, Lord Viscount Hinchinbroke.
Elizabeth M. died single.
Richard M. died single.
3 2O Huntingdonshire.
Edward, Lord Viscount Hinchinbroke, married Popham.
Edward.
John, Lord Viscount Hinchinbroke.
William married Naylor.
Mary.
Elizabeth married Courtnay.
John, fourth Earl of Sandwich, married Fane.
John died an infant.
John, Viscount Hinchinbroke.
Edward died eight years old.
Mary.«
William Augustus.
In the Library.
A head of General Monk.
Ireton, three-quarters.
Robert Cromwell, father of
Oliver Cromwell.
Oliver's mother.
Prince Rupert.
Ninon de 1'Enclos.
In t)te Bedchamber.
John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester.
Miss Ray, in blue, with a rich stomacher, rose at breast, white
gloves, and fan in her right hand crossed over her left. Of her and
her unfortunate end, see vol. xlix., pp. 210, 211.
Miss Henrietta Maria Clark.
In another, a Turkish servant with a weapon.
Edward, first Earl, his ship blowing up at a distance.
In another, Lady Hinchinbroke, daughter of Alexander Popham,
in white satin, holding a Prayer-book.
In another, the late Earl, in laced clothes, full length.
In another, Edward-Richard, Viscount Hinchinbroke, in jacket
and frogs.
In another, John, Duke of Montague (second son of Ralph, first
Duke), whole-lentil sitting.
Edward, first Earl of Sandwich.
John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester.
Ralph, Duke of Montague, three-quarters.
Edward, Viscount Hinchinbroke, as be'ore.
Sidney, second son of the first Earl of Sandwich, died 1727.
Richard, son of the second Earl of Sandwich, died 1697.
Sir Thomas, eldest son of Lord Crewe.
General Harvey, in armour, three-quarters. (Qu. John, uncle to
the first Earl of Bristol, who died 1695 ?)
Hinchinbroke. 321
Charles Wilmot, son to the Earl of Rochester, in slashed sleeves
and laced cravat.
The late Earl of Sandwich, whole length, 64.
Over the Chimney.
Edward, first Earl of Sandwich.
In another room, Oliver, Protector.
Arabian horse and Turk.
Edward, son of John, Earl of Sandwich.
Mrs. Montague, a pretty face.
Edward, first Earl of Sandwich, when young.
Anna-Maria, Queen of Spain, habited as a nun, writing.
Charles II. of Spain in flowing hair, laced clothes, and hat.
In the hall with a wooden roof, a picture of Mrs. Rupert Howe.
In the bow-window, two quartered coats of Sir Oliver Cromwell,
with ten quarterings impaling his wife, and Sir Oliver C. impaling,
quarterly, i, 4, Hoofman, 2, 3, unknown, and an escutcheon of
pretence unknown, crests of Williams, alias Cromwell, a demi-lion
rampant holding a ring ; Bromley, a duck ; and Hoofman, a pair of
wings.*
On the outside of another bow-window are the royal arms crowned,
and supported by two angels between E.R. and the arms and port-
cullis, and on the sides Matthew of Glamorganshire, or Morgan
Williams, impaling Cromwell, and Williams impaling Mirfine.
In another such window are the rose of England and several
shields of Williams, alias Cromwell.
Over another larger window, the royal arms of Tudor in a garter,
crowned, supported, and with a motto. Below this window, Williams,
alias Cromwell, with ten quarterings; motto, Sudore non sopore ; and
on the cornice above, Anno Domini 1602 ; O. C., and E ^ A,
initials of Sir Oliver C. and his two wives, Elizabeth and Anne.
Other shields of the Cromwell family, scattered about this window,
are, with the rest, described or engraved by Mr. Noble, I. Appendix
G., pp. 244, 248. R. G.
Yaxley.
[1798, Part I., p. 493.]
I copied the following from Yaxley church, near Peterborough :
" Here lies the body of Thomas Squire, merchant, native and once inhabitant of
this town, who, at his own expense, undertook to make the river here navigable
from the city of Peterboro' to Islip, near Thrapoton, in the county of Northampton,
* These are the arms which were, by misinformation, said, in the 410. account
of the Cromwell family, " Bibl. Brit. Top., No. xxxi., to have been destroyed in
a drunken frolic ; which Mr. Noble procured the late Lord Snndwich to contradict
in his preface to the second edition of his " Memoirs of the Protectorate House of
Cromwell."
'VOL. XVII. .21
322 Huntingdonshire.
where he afterwards lived upwards of 20 years to see it answer his own wishes, as
well as the expectations of the publick. He married Elizabeth, the daughter of
John Wright, of Godmanchester, in this county, merchant, by whom he had 12
children, 3 of whom only survived ; and he died Feb. 20, 1759, aged 77.
Arms : S., a chevron engrailed between- three swans' heads erased
arg. Q. P.
[1811, Part I., p. 415.]
The following inscription is taken from a tombstone in the
churchyard at Yaxley, an explanation of which I request some one
of your correspondents to favour me with.
" Sacred to the Memory of John M'Kay, late Private in the Fifth, or Ross-shire
Militia, who died at Norman Cross, Sept. 1st, 1808, aged 17 years. Born in the
Parish of Dornoch, County of Sutherland, Scotland.
' Chriochnaich mi nis mo chain's mo reis,
is dlu ahomh bas is uaiah ;
M'anam a choisrig mi dhia,
triallaidh gu neamh le buaiah."
" This stone was erected by his Parishioners."
A. M.
References to previous volumes of the Gentleman's Magazine Library : —
Ionian Remains .•— Folkesworth, Stilton, Water Newton.— Romano-
British Remains, part i., pp. 138-141.
Folklore: — Witchcraft at Huntingdon. — Popular Superstitions, p. 232.
Indexes.
INDEX OF NAMES.
Abbot (J.). monument of, 255
A Becket (St. Thomas), rectory of, 214
Abergavenny (H., Lord), portrait of,
174
Aboyne (Earl of), seat of, 306
Acre (loan de), birth of, 299 ; marriage
of, 299
Adderley (T.), memorial of, 223
Adrian IV. (Pope), grants precedence
to Abbots of St. Albans, 209
Aitken (J.), execution of, 12
Alabaster (Rev. W.), rectory of, 292
Albemarle (George, Duke of), manor
of, 237
Alcelin (Dean of Lincoln), visits Mar-
kate Cell, 259
Alexander (Bishop of Lincoln), conse-
crates cell at Markate, 259
Alexander I., of Russia, visits Ports-
mouth, 9
Alfred the Great engages with the
Danes, 103, 211; defeats of, 6;
burial-place of, 4 ; removal of bones
of, 4
Algar sacks Hereford, 178
Alnwick (Bishop of Lincoln), buildings
of, 316
Alswitha (Queen), removal of bones of,
Alton (W. of), flourished 1300 A.D., 9
Alwyn (Bishop of Winchester), accusa-
tion against, 6
Ancaster (P., Duke of), manor of, 37
Andrews (R.), manors of, 80 ; marriage
of, 82
Anjou (Margaret of), lands at Ports-
mouth, 8 ; marriage of, 8 ; takes
sanctuary at Beaulieu, 8 ; castle of,
209; defeats Earl of Warwick, 211
Anna Maria (Queen of Spain), portrait
of, 321
Anson (Commodore), seizes the Aca-
pulco, 318
Anson (Lord), the circumnavigator,
seat of, 214
Anzazim, attempt of, on life of Edward
I., 299
Aquablanc (Dean), monument of, 181
Aqua Blanca (Bishop), expelled by the
Barons, 161
Arkwright (R.), seat of, 160, 176
Arlington (Lord), removes alms-people
from St. Mary Magdalene Hospital
at Winchester, 137
Armstrong (T.), monument of, 34
Arthur (King), "Round Table" of,
138, 140
Arthur (Prince, son of Henry VII.),
birthplace of, 9
Arundel (E., Earl of), execution of,
161
Arundel (Hon. J. E.), manor of, 150
Ashfordby (J. , and family), memorial
of, 223 ; tomb of, 231
Athelstan (Bishop), builds Cathedral at
Hereford, 179
Athelstan (King), levies tribute on
Britons, 160, 178
Athelwold (Earl), catastrophe of, 117
Atherton (Lieutenant-Colonel), estate
of, 187
Atherton (Rev. A.), rectory of, 295
Atkinson (Rev. — ), rectory of, 114
Atkyns (Sir E.), residence of, 214
At Water (Will.), rectory of, 294
Aubrey (— ), seat of, 180
Aylward (T.), burial-place of, 83
Aylwin, foundation of, 305
Bache (S.), monumental brass of, 257
Bacon (F., Lord Verulam), monument
of, 215
326
Index of Names.
Bacon (Sir N. }, residence of, 214;
manor of, 275 ; builds mansion at
Gorhambury, 275, 276 ; bust of, 278
Bacon (A., Viscount St. Albans),
buildings of, 281 ; sells Gorhambury,
282
Bacon (Anthony), estate of, 280 ;
secretary to Earl of Essex, 280
Bacon (Lady), residence of, 280
Bacon (Anne), marriage of, 283, 284
Baker (W.), seat of, 210
Baldock (R. ), birthplace of, 212
Banner (Brother R.), monumental brass
of, 263
Barenger (R.), rent-charge of, 81
Baring (H. ), property of, 73
Baring (Sir T.J, seat of, 5
Barlow (Bishops W. and T. ), burial-
place of, 307, 316
Barlow (Agatha), epitaph on, 62, 63
Barnard (J.), memorial of, 31
Barne (G.), tomb of, 230
Barnet (J.), birthplace of, 212
Barre (Sir J.), manor of, 256 ; marriage
of, 256
Barrett (Rev. — ), memorial of, 34
Harrington (Sir J.), seat of, 5
Barrington (Bishop of Salisbury), archi-
tecture of, 128
Barrington (Joan), marriage of, 286,
287
Barrington (Judith, Lady), monument
°f, 255
Barwick (Rev. Dr. J.), rectory of, 292
Basingstoke (fohn of), death of, 9
Basset (Major), portrait of, 176
Bassinburne (S. de), manor and juris-
diction of, 227
Bateman (Lord), estate of, 188
Bateman (Frances), tomb of, 202
Beale (J.), birthplace of, 161
Beauchamp (H., Earl of), crowned
King of Isle of Wight, 8
Beauchamp (Guy de, Earl of Warwick),
manor of, 245
Beaufort (Cardinal), chantry of, 125
Beaufoy ( — ), residence of, 114
Beckwith (Josiah), reprints Blount's
works, 163
Bedyl (family of), manor of, 232
Bello .Loco (H. de), abbacy of, 45 ;
death of, 45
Belion (J.), memorial of, 49; manor
of, 50 ; residence of, 115
Benham (W. ), hostelry of, 143
Benn (W.), monument of, 301
Bennett (Captain), defeat of, 306
Bennett (R. H. A.), seat of, 5
Benson (Rev. G.), archdeaconry of,
191
Bereton (Rev. R.), rectory of, 115
Berri (Dame de), portrait of, 318
Bertie (Lady J.), marriage of, 82
Bickerton (Sir R.), seat of, 306 ; por-
trait of, 317
Billers (Sir W.), monument of, 296 ;
manor of, 297
Billers (Dame Anne), monument of,
296
Billers (John), monument of, 296
Bilson (T., Bishop of Winchester),
birthplace of, 9
Bingham (R ), burial-place of, 84
Bingley (Rev. W.), restores Christ-
church Priory, 57
Bisse (Bishop), monument of, 179 ;
buildings erected by, 179
Bisset (M.), seat of, 5
Blane (Eliz.), marriage of, 308
Bligh (Admiral), seat of, J
Blois (H. de), escapes from Winches-
ter, 7 ; buildings erected by, 23, 24,
89, 148, 149 ; burial-place of, 4
Blood ( — ), residence of, 151
Blount (Sir H.), birthplace of, 212
Blount (T.), birthplace of, 161 ; burial-
place of, 163
Blucher (Marshal), visits Portsmouth, 9
Blunden (E. ), marriage of, 37
Blunden (W. ), residence of, 37; arms
of, 39
Boadicea (Queen), destroys Verulam,
211
Bodenham (C.),seat of, 160
Bolton (D. of), patronage of, 37 ; bene-
faction of, 84
Bolton (Lord), seat of, J
Bonham (D. ), memorial of, 33
Bonner ( — ), purchases Eccleswall
Castle, 172
Booth (Bishop), monument of, 181 ;
buildings erected by, 182
Bosanquet (J.), seat of, 210
Bossu (R.), receives grant of earldom,
178
Bostock (J.), birthplace of, 212
Boucherett (Ayscough), seat of, 316
Bourchier (H.). residence of, 259;
buildings erected by, 259, 260
Bourchier (J.), birthplace of, 212
Bourchier (Sir T.), manor of, 256
Bowles (Colonel), defeat of, 9
Boyes (Ann), memorial of, 31
Bradston (Rev. V.), rectory of, 115
Index of Names.
327
Brand (Hon. T.), seat of, 210
Bray (R. ), marriage of, 82
Brekespere (N.), birthplace of, 212
Bretagns (J., Duchess of), marriage of, 8
Breteville (R. de), death of, 178
Breteville (W. de), overcome bv Henry
I., 6
Brett (Sir Percy), action of, 318
Brett (Ursula), tomb of, 231
Brewias (Sir VV. ), benefaction of, 164
Brinse (Bishop Giles), buildings erected
by, i?9
Bristow (N.), manor of, 217; portrait
of, 217
Bristow (N., and wife), tomb of, 217
Broadwood ( — ), seat of, 210
Brograve (Joan), marriage of, 287
Bromwich (Eliz.), marriage of, 165
Broughton (R. ), birthplace of, 306
Brown (L.), seat of, 306
Brown (Rev. — ), seat of, 210
Browne (Henry), seat of, 210
Browne (Rev. W.), rectory of, 295
Brownrigg (Dr.), bishopric of, 314
Bruce (D., King of Scots), imprison-
ment of, 8
Bruges (family of), reputed monument
of, 1 66
Bruhl (Hon. T. B.), seat of, 210
Bruton (J., and wife), burial-place of, 169
Bryan (Sir F.), orchards and gardens of,
267
Brygate (Rev. E. ), rectories of, 294
Buckingham (G. V., Duke of), slabbed
by Kelton, 8 ; cenotaph for, 12 ;
burial-place and tomb of, 26
Buckingham (Marquess of), seat of, 5
Bullpen (H.), churchwarden of Old
Alresford, 32
Buonaparte (N.), imprisonment of, 9
Burbage (family of), manor of, 232
Burgess (A.), birthplace of, 212
Burghill (family of), monuments of, 196
Burghill (Philibert), monument of, 196
Burleigh (Cecil, Lord), seat of, 215
Burley (Rev. F. ), rectory of, 295
Burrow (Rev. J.), rectory of, 78
Burrows ( — ), seat of, 210
Burton (Rev. J.), rectory of, 294
Bush (J.), tomb of, 230
Bute (J., Earl of), rebuilds mansion at
Luton, 262
Butt (W.), seat of, 210
Byde (T. H.), seat of, 210
Caducanus (Bishop of Bangor), burial-
place of, 169
Calvert (F.), residence of, 252
Calvert (N.), seat of, 210, 252
Calwe (Sir W.), monument of, 192
Cambridge (Earl of), execution of, 8
Campbell (Colonel), seat of, 5
Cantilupe (W. de), guardianship of, 184
Canute (Tving), burial-place of, 4
Capel (A., Lord), birthplace of, 212 ;
memorial of, 214
Caractacus, defeat of, 160
Carey (Sir R.), reference to memoirs of,
243
Carleton (A.), monument of, 255
Carnac (General), seat of, 28
Carnarvon ( Earl of), seat of, 5
Carpenter (J.), birthplace of, 161
Carter (Eliz.), monument of, 297
Carter (Miss), gifts of, to Kingsclere
Church, 84
Carteret (Captain), burial-place of, 12
Carteret (Jemima), portrait of, 319
Cartier (J., and wife), tomb of, 231
Cartwright (Frances, Lady), portrait of,
3i8
Cartwright (T.), birthplace of, 212
Cary (H.), birthplace of, 212
Carysfort (Earl of), seat of, 306
Casamajor (J.), seat of, 210
Cassey (Sir J.), monumental brass of,
286
Castile (I. of), burial-place of, 209 ;
removal of remains of, 209
Caswall (G.), seat of, 10
Catharine of Arragon (Queen), retire-
ment of, 305
Catharine of Portugal, marriage of, 9
Catharine of France, castle of, 209
Catharine (C2ueen of Charles II.), join-
ture of, 187
Cavan (Karl of), seat of, 5
Cave (Sir R.) surrenders Hereford,
161
Cecil (R., first Karl of Salisbury) enter-
tains James I., 215, 234; estates of,
234 ; builds Hatfield House, 249 ;
monument of, 214
Cecil (VV., Lord Burleigh), seat of,
215 ; manor of, 232-244; estates of,
232 ; entertains Queen Elizabeth
239-244 ; death of, 244
Cecd (Sir R.), the "heremite of Ty-
bole," residence of, 241 ; correspond-
ence of, with Queen Elizabeth, 241-
243
Cecil (Lady A.), marriage of, 240
Cecil (Lady M.), portrait of, 177
Cecil (family of), pedigree of, 238
328
Index of Names.
Cerdic establishes kingdom of Wessex,
Cha'mber (Rev. T.). rectory of, 294
Chamberlain (— ), estate of, 89
Chandois (family of), estates of, 164
Charles I. at Carisbrooke, 9, 12 ; at
Hurst, 9; at Titchficld.9 ; residence
of, 235 ; takes Huntingdon, 306 ;
visits Little Gidding, 308
Charles II., marriage of, 9; fences in
" Rufus' oak," 95 ; residence of, 120 ;
grants estate to Lord Bateman, 188 ;
plot against, 212
Charles II., of Spain, portrait of, 321
Charles V. (Emperor) embarks for
Spain, 8 ; portrait of, 318
Charlton (Lewis), foundation of, 195 ;
monument of, 195, 196
Chauncy (Sir II.), birthplace of, 212;
historian of Herts, 215
Chauncy (I.), birthplace of, 212
Chicheley (Rev. J.), rectories of, 294
Chidiock (family of), tomb of, 55
Cholmley (M.), tomb of, 231
Christina of Huntingdon, nunnery of,
258, 259
Christina, governess to Queen Ma-
tilda, 4
Chute (T. L.), estate of, 38
Chute (W.), seat of, 5
Cinegils (King of Wessex), foundation
of, 3 ; burial-place of, 4
Clagett (Dr. W.), sermon by, 222
Clare (Eliz. de), foundation of, 215 ;
burial-place of, 215
Clare (Gilbert de, Ear! of Gloucester),
marriage of, 299
Clarendon (Karl of), seat of, 2IO
Clark (H. M.), ponrait of, 320
Clarke (Eliz.), burial-place of, 50
Clemence ( — ), manor of, 77
Cleveland (Duchess of), portrait of,
>75
Clifford (Rosamund), birthplace of, 161
Clifford (W. de), benefaction of, 169,
Clinton (W.) obtains grant of earldom,
306
Clive (C.), birthplace of, 161
Clive (Lady), seat of, 185
Cobham (Lord), trial of, 8
Cockburn (Admiral Sir G.) takes Napo-
leon to St. Helena, 9
Cogan (E.), marriage of, 152
Coke (J.), marriage of, 287
Colbrand, defeat of, 6
Cole (Rev. R.), rectory of, 78
Collington (A.), monumental brass of,
247
Collins (C.), estate of, 46
Collins (Jane), memorial of, 47
Coningsby (Earl), portraits of, 174,
'75, '77 ! scal °f> 1 80
Coningsby (F.), portrait of, 177
Coningsby (Indies M. and F.), por-
traits of, 177
Coningsby (P.), portrait of, 174
Coningsby (Sir T. ), birthplace of, 161 ;
burial place of, 162, 163 ; portraits
of, 174
Coningsby (T. ), effigy of, 175
Coningsby (family of), arms of, 174 ;
manor of, 187
Cooke (J.), tomb of, 230
Cooke (J.), administrator to Sir B.
Tope, 1 8
Cope (Sir R.), seat of, 5
Coppin (J.), erects chapel at Markate,
259
Coppin (T.), estate of, 259
Cordell (G. F.), burial-place of, 247
Cork (R., Earl of), portrait of, 175
Cornwall (R., Earl of), death of, 211
Cornwall (E.), monument of, 164
Cornwall (Eliz., Lady), monument of,
164
Cornwall (Sir G.), seat of, 160
Cornwall (I.), birthplace of, 161
Cornwall (V.), seat of, 180 ; monument
of, 1 80
Corrie (J.), seat of, 210
Cotterel (Sir J. G.), seat of, 160, 166
Cotton (F.), burial-place of, 115
Cotton (H., Bishop of Salisbury),
birthplace of, 9
Cotton (Dr. N.), burial-place of, 215
Cotton (Sir R.), birthplace of, 306 ;
monument of, 307
Cotton (R.), burial-place of, 115
Cotton (S. ), tomb of, 247
Courtnay (Eliz.), portraits of, 318, 320
Coventry (Rev. R.), rectories of, 294
Coward (W.), birthplace of, 9
Cowdrey (P.), seat of, 36
Cowper (Earl), seat of, 2IO
Cowper (H.), seat of, 210
Cowper (W. ), birthplace of, 212, 22O ;
memorial of, 47
Craig (J.), tomb of, 230
Creswell (R.), tomb of, 2OI
Croft (Rev. J.), rectory of, 220
Croke (Frances), marriage of, 82
Cromwell (Eliz.), birthplace of, 306 ;
monument of 84
Index of Names.
329
Cromwell (Sir H.), birthplace of, 306 ;
residences of, 306
Cromwell (Oliver), storms Basing
House, 9 ; dismantles Winchester
Castle, 119 ; destroys Wolvesey, 148 ;
manor of, 237 ; birthplace of, 306 ;
portraits of, 320, 321
Cromwell (Sir O.), birthplace of, 306,
317 ; entertains James I., 317 ; arms
of, 321
Cromwell (R. ), birthplace of, 306 ; re-
sidence of, n; manor of, 316;
burial-place of, II
Crook (J. C.)i seat of, 5
Crophull (Sir J.), manor of, 164
Crowther (Rev. R.), monument of, 189,
190
Crowther (family of), estate of, 187
Cumberland (Duke of), residence of, II
Cumberland (W., Duke of), portrait of,
3>9
Curtis (W.), birthplace of, 9
Cutler (family of), estate of, 187
Cuyler (Sir C ), seat of, 210
Dacre (T.), patronage of, 78
D'Amboyse (Bussy), portrait of, 255
Dance ( — ), residence of, 28
Dartmouth (Earl of), marriage of, 37
Davenport (Ann), memorial of, 32, 33
David (King of Scotland) besieges Win-
chester, 148
Davies (I.), mouument of, 190
Davies (J.), birthplace of, 161 ; monu-
ment of, 190
Dawes (Sir W. , Archbishop of York),
sermon by, 221
Dawkins ( — ), manor of, 81
Deane (Sir J,), benefaction of, 38 ;
arms of, 39
Deane ( — ), benefaction of, 222
De Foix, tomb of, 125
Deggon (Rev. S.), chapelry of, 41
De la Barr (family of), monument of,
165
De la Hay (family of), memorials of,
198
Delamere (Abbot), monumental brass
of, 263 ; buildings of, 267, 268
De la Mote (Abbot), buildings of, 267
Delawar (J., Lord), erects monument
in memory of W. Rufus, 93, 94
de 1'Enclos (Nina), portrait of, 320
Delme (J.), seat of, 5
Delme ( — ), residence of, 28
Delme Radcliffe (E. H.), seat of,
210
Denbigh (S., Countess of), monument
of, 97
Dennis (S.), memorial of, 49
Dent ( — ), seat of, 210
Devereux (R., Earl of Essex), monu-
ment of, 162
Devereux (Sir S.), manor of, 167
Devereux (family of), reputed monu-
ment of, 165 ; manor of, 165 ;
descent of, 179
De Walford (family of), burial-place of,
203
Dibden (C.), birthplace of, 9
Dickens (family of), monuments of, 64
Dickin (F.), memorial of, 64
Digby (Mrs.), house of, 153
Diggle (family of), estate of, 151 ; monu-
mental brasses of, 152, 153
Dike (L>.), birthplace of, 212
Dike (J. ), birthplace of, 212
Dimsdale (Dr.) takes charge of Bishop's
Stortford library, 221
Dineley (E. ), marriage of, 168
Dixie (Sir W. ), birthplace of, 306
Dixon (N.), birthplace of, 212
Dogard (Rev. S.), rectory of, 115
Dolben (Dr.), Bishop of Rochester, 289
Dolman (T.), tomb of, 201
Domvile (Sir W.), seat of, 210
Dorchester (Lord), patronage of, 86
Dorrien (T.), scat of, 210
Dorset (J., Earl of) purchases manor of
Theobalds for James I., 234
Downes (Rev. J.), memorial of, 65
Draper (J.), chantry of, 54, 55
Drayton (R. de), benefactions of, 77
Drummond (A.), seat of, 5
Drummond (H.), seat of, 5
Duberley (J.), seat of, 306
Duke (I.), tomb of, 296
Duncombe (J.), birthplace of, 212
Duncombe (W.), birthplace of, 212
Dunton (J.), birthplace of, 306
Durell (Dr.), deanery of, 289
Eadburga (Abbess) presents leaden
coffin to St. Guthlac, 100
Eades (M.), memorial of, 30
Eaton (Adam de), birthplace of, 162
Eaton (Rev. S. ), rectories of, 295 ;
archdeaconry of, 295
Ebden (Dr. J.), memorial of, 137 ;
burial-place of, 137
Edgar (King) imposes tribute on Welsh,
6, 148 ; buildings of, 23 ; offering
of, 103
Edgecumbe (A., Lady), portrait of, 319
330
Index of Names.
Edington (Bishop), chantry of, 128, 129
Edred, burial-place of, 4
Edward the Confessor, coronation of,
6 ; repairs Romsey Abbey, 23
Edward the Elder, foundation of, 4, 23,
103 ; builds Hereford, 178 ; burial-
place of, 4
Edward I., defeat of, 7 ; charters
granted by, 245 ; expedition of, 299 ;
attempted assas>ination of, 299
Edward II., deposition of, 161, 211
Edward III. sails for France, 7, 8
Edward IV., portrait of, 177
Edward VI., residence of, 214; sells
St. Alban's Abbey to the inhabi-
tants, 264
Edward the Black Prince sails for
France, 7, 8 ; residence of, 218
Edwards (Brian), residence and burial-
place of, 12
Edwards (C. P.), memorial of, 32 ;
tomb of, 33
Edwards (J.), memorial of, 32
Edwards (J.), birthplace of, 212
Edwards (K.), memorial of, 33
Edwin (M., Lady Uering), birthplace
of, 162
Edwy, burial-place of, 4
Egbert (King), coronation of, 6 ;
burial-place of, 4
Eleanor (Queen of Henry II.), burial-
place of, 4
Eleanor (Queen of Edward I.), death
of, 300 ; crosses erected in memory
of, 300
Elfleda (Abbess), burial-place of, 305
Klfrida (Queen), foundation of, 4, 116
Elizabeth (Queen) repairs Carisbrooke,
154; portrait of, 174; residence of,
214; entertained at Theobalds, 233,
239, 240, 242-244 ; at Gorhambury,
277-280 ; grants charier to Thetford,
278 ; correspondence of, with Sir R.
Cecil, 241-243
Elizabeth (daughter of Edward IV.),
portrait of, 174
Elizabeth (daughter of Charles I.),
burial-place of, 12
Ellenborough (Edward, Lord), manor
of, 297
Ellice (Rev. P.), rectory of, 257 ; tomb
of, 257
Elliot (M.), memorial of, 45
Ellyot (family of), manor of, 232
Elton (H.), seat of, 5
Elton (Mary), monument of, 192
Ely (II.), birthplace of, 162
Ely (Rev. T.), rectory of, 295
Emma (Queen), death of, 6 ; burial-
place of, 4
Errington (H.), seat of, 5
Essex (Earl of), seats of, 160, 187, 2IO
Essex (Frances, Countess of), portrait
of, 176
Ethelbert (King), tomb of, 159 ; murder
of, 1 60, 178, 196
Ethelmar (Bishop), monument of, 131 ;
tomb of, 142
Ethelred (King) defeated by Danes, 6 ;
stands sponsor to King Olaus, 6 ;
massacres Danes, 6
Ethelwald (Bishop), birthplace of, 9
Ethelward (Prince), removal of bones
of, 4
Ethel wulf (King) establishes tithes, 6
Etheringham (S. ), tomb of, 230
Etough (Rev. H.), rectory of, 292;
buildings erected by, 292 ; marriage
of, 293 ; benefaction of, 293 ; burial-
place and monument of, 293
Evans (E.), seat of, 1 68
Evans (J., and family), memorial of, 77
Evans (Rev. P.), rectory of, 78
i Evans (Rev. R.), manor of, 187;
patronage of, 1 88 ; monument of, 190
Evans (Rev. W.), rectory of, 188
Evans (Major), seat of, 164, 189
i Evelyn (S., and wife), burial-place of,
"3
Everdon (S. de) begins choir at Beau-
lieu, 45
Everton (S. de), birthplace of, 306
Ewias (R., Earl of), foundation of, 169,
171
Eyles (family of), burial-place of, 65
Eyre (Lady D.), monument of, 113
Eyre (Rev. — ), residence of, 28
Fallo (Rev. P.), rectory of, 215
I Fanshaw (Sir R.), birthplace of, 212
: Fanshaw (Sir W.), burial-place of, 215
Fanshawe (Lord), manor of, 245
Farlington (J. de), benefactions of, 77
Felbrigge (Sir S.), monument of, 286
Fellowes (W. H.), seat of, 306
Felton(Lady E.), portrait of, 177
Felton stabs Duke of Buckingham, 8, 9
Ferrar (Sir N. ), residence of, 308
Ferrars (G.), birthplace of, 212 ; manor
of, 245 ; estates of, 259
Ferrars (Sir J.), manor of, 245
Ferrars (K. ), manor of, 245
Ferrars (R., Earl of), benefaction of, 171
Ferriby (Rev. — ), residence of, 290
Index of Names.
Field (E.), tomb of, 230
Field (R., Dean of Gloucester), birth-
place of, 212
Filmer (Rev. Sir J. ), seat of, 210
Fishbourn (R. ), birthplace of, 306
Fisher (M.), marriage of, 82
Fitzharris (Lady), monument of, 57
FitzGsborne (W.) created an earl, 178
Fitzwarane (Isabel, and family), mar-
riages of, 184
Fitzwarane (\V. ), marriage of, 184
Fitzwilliam (H.j, marriage of, 240
Fitzwilliam (Sir W., and Lady), por-
trait of, 175
Flambard (Dean), buildings of, 13
Flanders (M. of), marriage of, 4
Fleming (Colonel), seat of, no
Fleming (Mrs.), seat of, 5; marriage
of, no
Flemyng (Sir T. ), monument of, 12
Foley (E.), seat of, 160
Foley (T.), seat of, 180
Foot (J.), estate of, 168
Foote, the comedian, visits Duke of
Cumberland, II
Ford (H.), monument of, 182
Fordham (W.), estate of, 291 ; mar-
riage of, 291 ; tomb of, 288
Forfette ([.), monument of, 98
Forster (Sir T.), monument of, 214
Fortescue (Eliz. ), marriage of, 251
Fowke (Sir B. ), tomb of, 246
Fox (Right Hon. C. J.), marriage of, 308
Fox (R., Bishop of Winchester) estab-
lishes Guild of the Holy Ghost, 37,
41 ; tomb of, 121, 142 ; chantry of,
125
Fox (Rev. W.), discovery of British
remains by, 153
France (John of) entertained at Hert-
ford, 209
Frederic (Abbot of St. Albans) imposes
oath on William I., 211
Frederick, William III., visits Ports-
mouth, 9
Fromond (J.), benefaction of, 137
Fuller (N. ), birthplace of, 9
Gaddesden (J. de), birthplace of, 212
Gale (R.), monumental brass of, 152
Garbett (Colonel W.), seat of, 191 ;
patronage of, 192
Gardener (A.), memorial of, 30
Gardiner (Sir J. W. S.), seat of, 5
Gardiner (Bishop), chantry of, 125
Gardiner (family of), arms of, 297 ;
estate of, 298
Garrick (D.), birthplace of, 162
Gaunt (J. of) entertains prisoners at
Hertford, 209
Gaussen (S. R.), seat of, 210
Gaveston (Piers), burial-place of, 209
Gaytcliffe. (Rev. J.), rectory of, 294
Geoffrey (Abbot of St. Albans), build-
ings of, 265
George IV. visits Buckden, 316
Gerrard (C. D.), seat of, 210
Gerthinge (R.), birthplace of, 162
Gibbon the historian, residence of, 12
Gibson (M.), burial-place of, 162
Gibson (Rev. W.), rectories of, 295
Gilbert (E.), burial-place of, 260
Gilbert (J. and M.), burial-place of, 261
Giles (D. ), seat of, 211
Giles (J.), birthplace of, 213
Gilpin (Rev. W.), rectory of, n
Glendower (Owen), defeat of, 161 ;
burial-place of, 159
Gloucester (H., Duke of), burial-place
of, 209 ; discovery of remains of, 215,
263 ; tomb of, 263
Gloucester (R., Earl of), lands at Ports-
mouth, 7 ; taken prisoner at Stock-
bridge, 7 ; besieges Winchester, 148
Glowcester (Rev. R.), rectory of, 294
Goddard (Rev. Dr.), erects church at
Andover, 35
Godescall of Cacklington takes Chris-
tina to Archbishop of York, 258
Godric (Abbot), imprisonment of, 172
Godwin (Dr. F.), bishopric of, 190;
burial-place of, 163
Godwin (Paul), admitted Doctor of
Divinity, 190
Godwin (T. ), admitted Doctor of
Divinity, 191
Gomond (family of), burial-place of,
185
Goodchild (R.), farm of, 150
Goodere (Sir E.), M.P. for Evesham
and Hereforshire, 168 ; marriage of,
168
Goodere (Sir H.), imprisonment of, 167
Goodere (Sir J. D.), murder of, i6S
Goodere (Captain Sam. D.), murders
his brother, 168; trial and execu-
tion of, 1 68
Goodere (family of), mansion of, 167
Goodwin (Earl), death of, 6
Gordon (Sir A.), victory of, 7
Gorges (B.), portrait of, 175
Gorham (Abbot R. de), buildings of at
St. Alban's, 264 ; alienates manor of
Gorhambury, 275
332
Index of Names.
Gorham (N.), birthplace of, 213
Gough (R.), monument of, 215
Gough ( — ), residence of, 238
Granderson (J., Bishop of Exeter),
birthplace of, 162
Graves ([.), birthplace of, 9
Gray (Rev. J. ), rectory of, 294
Gray (J.), epitaph on, 252
Green (Bishop), residence of, 315 ;
burial-place of, 307 ; cenotaph for,
3'6
Green (T. A.), seat of, 210
Grey (Sir A.), monumental brass of,
263
Grey (Sir Thos.), execution of, 7
Grey (Lady J.), portrait of, 175
Grey (Bishop of Lincoln), buildings of,
316; death of, 316
Grey of Groby (Sir J.), death of, 211
Grey de Wilton (Lord), trial of, 8
Griffin (Rev. T.), tomb of, 230
Grigge (J.), burial-place of, 247
Grimston (Sir H. ), marriage of, 284 ;
estate of, 284
Grimston (Hon. Miss), seat of, 210
Grosstete (Bishop K.), palace of, 310
Gryffydd (Prince of Wales), sacks
Hereford, 1 60, 178
Guidott (T.), birthplace of, 9
Guillim (J.), birthplace of, 162
Guming (Dr.), bishoprics of, 289
Gunsty (Rev. Dr.), curacy of, 245
Gunter (K.), birthplace of, 213
Guthrum the Dane, engages in battle
with King Alfred, 103
Guymond (Prior), buildings of, at
Oxford, 14
Guyse (J.), birthplace of, 213
Gwinkle (General), portrait of, 177
Gwynne (E.), birthplace of, 162
Gwynne (General), seat of, 5
Gyles (Rev. J.), curacy of, 169
Hackluyt (R.), birthplace of, 162
Haddam (Earl of), birthplace of, 213
Hale (K.), birthplace of, 213
Haley (K.), memorial of, 247
Haliburton (D. ), seat of, 210
Halifax (Lord), portrait of, 318
Hall (Ann), monument of, 188
Halsey (J.), seat of, 210
Ham (J.), memorial of, 257
Hamilton (K , Lady), birthplace of, 9
Hammond (Colonel), gaoler of Charles
I., 9
Hanbury (C.), marriage of, 180
Hanbury (\V.), seat of, 160, 188
Hanbury Williams (Sir C.), portrait of,
176
Hanway {J.), birthplace of, 9
Hardicanute, burial-place of, 4
Hardwicke (Earl of), seat of, 210
Harford (Mrs.), portrait of, 176
Harley (Lord High Treasurer), founda-
tion of, 162 ; burial-place of, 162
Harley (Auditor), foundation of, 162;
burial-place of, 162
Harley (Hon. E.), biithplace of, 162
Harley (Sir R.), birthplace of, 204 ;
forester of Bringwood Chase, 204
Harley (Hon. Miss), restores monument
in Kington Church, 191
Harley (family of), castle of, 203
Harman (Captain N.), burial-place of,
"5
Harold (King), fences Hereford, 178
Harrington (R., Countess of Bedford),
seat of, 214
Harris (E.), memorial of, 31
Harris (M.), monumental brass of, 264
Harris (family of), memorial of, 31
Harrison (M.), monument of, 255
Harrison (Rev. J.), rectory of, 115
Harrison (Rev. — ), rectory of, 47
Harrye (R. ), chantry of, 54
Hartfall (A.), memorial of, 75
Harvey (General), portrait of, 320
Havard (W.), birthplace of, 162
Hawke (Admiral Lord), monument of,
12
Hawkins (G.), monument of, 46
Haygarth (Rev. J.), rectory of, III
Hayward (A.), memorial of, 47
Hazeland ( — ), mastership of, 223
Heathcote (Sir W.), seat of, 5
Helyar (E.), marriage of, 152
HelyarfJ.), monument of, 152
Henbury (P. de), seat of, 172
Henrietta Maria (Queen), portraits of,
176, 318
Henley (Lord), seat of, 210
Henry I., foundation of, 4; victory
of, 6
Henry II., dismantles Wolvesey Castle,
148
Henry III., birthplace of, 10 ; founda-
tion of, 92
Henry IV., marriage of, 8 j portraits
of, 174, 177 ; keeps court at Hert-
ford, 211
Henry V., conspiracy against, 8 ;
victory of, over Welsh, 161
Henry VI., marriage of, 8, 108 ; im-
prisonment of, 211
Index of Names,
333
Henry VII., portrait of, 175
Henry VIII., residence of, 261 ; statue
of, 278
Hertford (Abbot John of), buildings
erected by, 265
Hervey (Lady A.), portrait of, 319
Heysham (Jane), burial-place of, 261
Heysham (R. T.), seat of, 210
Heysham (W.), burial-place of, 261
Heyworth (Abbot), chamber and
cloister of, 267, 268
Hickes (Geo.), deanery of, 74
Hickes (J.), execution of, 74
Hicks (Mary), executed for witchcraft,
3°7
Hide (John of), flourished 1284 A.D.,
10
Highmore (N.), birthplace of, 10
Hill (M.), burial-place of, 113
Hill (R.), birthplace of, 213
Hinchinbroke (E. K., Viscount), por-
trait of, 318
Hinchinbroke (A., Viscountess), por-
trait of, 318, 319
Hoadly (Rev. Dr.), rectory of, 32
Hobson (Admiral), birthplace of, 10
Holding (M.), marriage of, 7 ; gifts of,
to Kingsclere Church, 84
Holder (Rev. Dr.), rectory of, 292
Holland (Lady), seat of, 5
Holland (D.), tomb of, 202
Hollingsworth (J.), seat of, 297
Holmes (Sir L. T. W.), seat of, 5
Hood (Lord), seat of, 27
Hooke (J., and wife), burial-place of,
5°. Si
Hooke (M.), burial-place of, 51
Hooke (R.), birthplace of, 10
Hooker (W., and wife), memorial of,
78
Hopkins (J.), monument of, 46
Hopkins (M.), monument of, 46
Hopkins (Sergeant), entertains James
I., 163
Hopkinson (Rev. J.), rectory of, 309
Hopton (Lord), besieges Winchester,
«37
Horsley (Rev. J.), rectory of, 295 ;
monument of, 296
Horsley (Rev. Dr. S.), rectory of, 295 ;
bishoprics of, 295
Hoskins (Sir H.), seat of, 160, 170
Hoskins (Sir J.), memorial of, 170;
entertains James I., 171
Hotoft (J.), tomb of, 256; manor of,
256
House (J.), stewardship of, 301
House (W.), burns down Rufus' oak,
96
Howard (J.), estate of, 259
Howard the philanthropist, residence
of, 12
Howe (J.), monument of, 296
Howe (Mrs. R.), portrait of, 321
Hudson (Sir J.), portrait of, 235
Hughes (Dr. J.), rectory and arch-
deaconry of, 190 ; monument of, 189
Hughes (Rear-Admiral), portrait of,
318
Hulle (P.), mayoralty of, 146, 147
Hulse (Sir E.), seat of, 5
Humphreys (Bishop), portrait of, 188
Humphry (J.), birthplace of, 213
Hungerford (Sir Giles), marriage of, 82
Huntingdon (Gregory of), birthplace of,
306
Huntingdon (Henry of), birthplace of,
306
Hunton (P.), birthplace of, 10
Hyde (L. ), portrait of, 177
Incent (J., Dean of St. Paul's), birth-
place of, 213
Insula (R. de), manor of, 309
Iremonger (J.), seat of, 116
Iremonger (Rev. — ), memorial of, 131,
132
Ireton (General), portrait of, 320
Isabella (Queen of Edward II.), in-
trigues of, 16 1
Isabella ("she-wolf of France"), in-
trigues of, 7
Ivo (Archbishop), burial-place of, 305
Jacob (Giles), birthplace of, 10
Jackson (Rev. J.), memorial of, 49
James I., proclamation of, 7; con-
spiracy against, 8 ; entertained at
Ingeston, 163; at Theobalds, 215;
residence of, 235 ; visits Hinchin-
broke, 317 ; death of, 212, 237 ;
portrait of, 255
James II., portrait of, 177
James (R.), birthplace of, 10
James (T.), birthplace of, 10
Janeway (J.), birthplace of, 213
Jeffries (Judge), cruelties of, 9
Jennings (S., Duchess of Marlborough),
birthplace of, 213
Jennings (—), restores Kington Church,
191
Jenvey (W.), churchwarden of Romsey,
99
Jervoise(Sir S. E.), seat of, S, 82
334
Index of Names.
Jervoise (Sir T.), seat of, 82
Jervoise (J.), seat of, 36, 82
Jervoise (K.), seat of, 82
Joan of Scotland, death of, 211
Joanne (Duchess of Bretagne), marriage
of, 8
John (King), negotiates with the Pope,
7 ; foundation of, 44 ; benefactions
of, 171
Johnson (Dr. S-), epitaph on, 115, 116
Joliffe ( — ), seat of, 27
Jones (Lady C.), portrait of, 177
Jones (Lady F. ), portrait of, 175
Jones (Dr.), archdeaconry of, 185
Jones (Sarah), tomb of, 231
Jourville (Comte de), tomb of, 31
Justice ( — ), lodging of, 267
Kaye(Bishop), buildings of, at Buckden,
3'S
Keen (Rev. R.), vicarage of, 224
Keith (Lord), seat of, 5
Kempenfelt (Admiral), cenotaph for, II
Ken (Bishop T.), birthplace of, 213
Kenewahl, palace of, 150
Kenrick (W.), birthplace of, 213
Kent (Edmund, Earl of), execution
of, 7
Keyling (P.), monument of, 255
Kildare (Countess of), portrait (if,
176
Kilpec (Egidid), marriage of, 184
Kilpec (II.), seat of, 184 ; fine inflicted
on, 184
Kilpec (John de), charter of, 184
Kilvert ( — ), levies execution at Buck-
den Palace, 314
Kinegils (King), palace of, 150
King (Sir J.), birthplace of, 213
King (James), monument of, 114
King (T.), burial-place of, I Id
Kingsmill (Sir R.), seat of, 5
Kingston (Dowager Lady), seat of, 5
Knight (J.), monument of, 34
Knight (R. Payne), seat of, 160, 204;
writings of, 162, 204 ; estates of, 203 ;
burial-place of, 162
Knight (Rev. Dr.), monument of, 307
Kyrle (J.), birthplace of, 162 ; monu-
ment of, 163
Lacy (C.), benefaction of, 164
Lacy (Lady M.), foundation of, 164
Lacy (M. de), manor of, 165
Lake (J.), memorial of, 30
Lakes (A., Bishop of Bath and Wells),
birthplace of, 10
Lambert (T.), manor of, 82 ; marriage
of, 82
Lambert (family of), manor of, 81 ;
mansion erected by, 81
Lancaster (Sir J.), benefaction of, 38 ;
arms of, 39
Landon (Rev. J.), tomb of, 202
Lang (E. W. and N.), tombs of, 230
Langley (E.), birthplace of, 213;
burial-place of, 209
Langton (Cardinal), tomb of, 142
Lansdowne (Marquess of), castle of,
1 08
Latham (W.), seat of, 103
Latour (Captain), seat of, 210
Lawerd (W., and wife), monumental
brass of, 152
Lawes (J. B.), seat of, 210
Lawford (J.), seat of, no
Lawrance (S.), birthplace of, 162
Lawson (Sir R.), benefaction of, 96
Lee (Joyce), marriage of, 151
Lee (N.), birthplace of, 213
Leech ( — ), property of, 113
Leffe (Rev. Dr.), chapelry of, 41
Legat (H.), birthplace of, 213
Leigh (T. ), foundation of. 221; por-
trait of, 222
Leof4ane (Abbot), grant of manor by,
222, 244
Leominster (W.), birthplace of, 162
Leonard ( — ), lodging of, 267
Levtn (Earl of), attacks Hereford, 161
Leventhorp (J.), manor of, 286 ;
marriage of, 286 ; M.P. for Herts,
286 ; tomb of, 285
Leventhorp (J., the younger), obtains
grant of market from Henry VI., 286
Leventhorp (family of), monumental
brasses of, 284-287
Lewis the Dauphin, victory of, 7
Lilly ( — ), marriage of, 291
Lily (W.), birthplace of, 10
Limbery (J.), seat of, 113; tithes of,
>53
Lmdoe (S.), tomb of, 231
Line (R.), reputed brass of, 98
Lisburne (M., Countess of), portrait of,
3'8
Lisburne (Lady), portrait of, 177
Lisle (Lady A.), harbours Noncon-
formist ministers, 73 ; execution of,
74
Lisle (A.), execution of, 10 ; burial-
place of, 1 1
Lisle (J.), sits in judgment on Charles
I., 73; assassination of, 73
Index of Names.
335
Lock (J.)i discovery of Roman remains
by, 154
Lockman (Rev. Dr.), improvements of,
at St. Cross, 25
Loftus (Sir A.), portrait of, 177
Longmore (E.) birthplace of, 162
Lovell (W.j, marriage of, 251
Lowndes (Secretary), portrait of, 176
Lowth (R., Bishop of London), birth-
place of, 10
Lucius (King), tomb of 121
Ludlow (Earl), seat of, 306
Lyde (family of), manor of, 217
M'Kay (J.), tomb of, 322
Mackenzie ( — ), seat of, 210
Mac Murrough (O.), arms of, 251 ;
marriage of, 252
Major (D.), marriage of, 84
Malmesbury (Earl of), seat of, 5
Manchester (Duke of), seat of, 306 ;
burial-place of, 307
Manchester (H., Earl of), burial-place
of, 3°7
Mandeville (Sir J.), birthplace of, 213
Mapletoft (J.), birthplace of, 306
Mapps (M.), centenarian, 163
Marbury (Sir J.), shrievalty of, 166 ;
reputed monument of, 166
Marbury (Eliz.), marriage of, 165
March (M., Earl of), intrigues of, 7
Margaret of Anjou (Queen), marriage
of, 8, 108
Marlborough (Duke of), portrait of, 177
Marlborough (S., Duchess of), portrait
of, 318
Marsden (W.), seat of, 2IO
Marshall (S.), birthplace of, 307
Marshall (W., Earl of Pembroke),
estate of, 172
Marten (G. S.), seat of, 210
Mary (Queen), marriage of, 8 ; resi-
dence of, 214
Mary of Modena, portrait of, 318
Mason (J., and wife), tomb of, 231
Mason (R.), tomb of, 201
Mason (W.), tomb of, 202
Mathew (J. ), monument of, 113
Matilda (Queen of Henry I.), school of,
4 ; marriage of, 7
Matthew (General), residence of, 81, 82
Matthews (J.), seat of, 160
Maud (Empress), lands at Portsmouth,
7 ; grants Earldom to Milo of
Gloucester, 178, 179
Maynard (R.), manor of, 275
Mazarini (Duchtss uf), portrait of, 318
Meautys (Sir T.), estate of, 283
Medantinus (W.), governorship of,
178
Meetkirke (A.), manor of, 113
Megla, landing of, at Portsmouth, 5
Melbourne (Viscount), seat of, 210
Merewald (King of Mercia), foundation
of, 187
Middleton (Lord), seat of, 26
Middleton (Sir H.), memorial of, 216 ;
constructs New River to London,
227 •
Mildmay (Sir H. St. John), seat of, 5
Mildmay (Sir W.), monument of, 215
Milfrid (King), builds church at Here-
ford, 178
Mill (Sir C.), seat of, 5
Mill (Sir J. H.), seat of, 29
Miller (Sir T.), seat of, 5
Mills (Mrs.), seat of, 210
Milo of Gloucester receives grant of
earldom, 178, 179
Mitford (Colonel), seat of, 11
Moberly (Rev. Dr.), mastership of,
142
Monk (General), portrait of, 320
Monson (John, Lord), manor of, 301 ;
preserves Waltham Cross, 301
Montacute (Marquess of), defeat and
death of, 211
Montagu (E.), created Earl of Sand-
wich, 317; portrait of 318; death
of, 319
Montagu (M.), portrait of, 318
Montagu (Sir S.), seat of, 317
Montagu (family of), portraits of, 319,
320
Montague (\V.), portrait of, 318
Montague (A., Duchess of), portrait of,
319
Montegle (Lord), residence of, 151
Moody (I.), burial-place of, 83
Moore (family of), mansion of, 167
Mordaunt (C., Earl of Peterboro"),
residence of, 1 1
Mordaunt (General Sir J.), residence
of, 82
Morflett (E.), monument of, 151
Morgan (Bishop), portrait of, iS8
Morley (Bishop), connection of, with
the Guik! of the Holy Ghost, 38
Morley (E.), marriage of, 251
Morley (R. Lord), marriage of, 251 ;
arms of, 251
Morrice (J.), tomb of, 230
Mortimer (E., Earl of March), im-
prisonment of, 161 ; victories of, 161,
336
Index of Names.
187 ; erects church at Kingsland,
I 88, 189
Mortimer (Rev. W.), rectory of, 188,
189
Mortimer (family of), estates of, 187
Mosse (R., Dean of Ely), sermon by,
221, 222
Mountford (Rev. Dr.), rectory of, 292 ;
buildings erected by, 292
Mountford (Rev. J.), rectory of, 295
Napier (family of), mansion of, 262
Nash (J.), seat of, 5
Navarre (Joan of), castle of, 209
Neale (Sir H. ), seat of, 6
Neeclham (Rev. G., and wife), memorial
of, 33
Neeclham (M.), memorial of, 33
Nelson (Rev. K.), rectory of, 78
Nelthorpe ( — ), harboured at Moyles
Court, 73
Nequam (A.), birthplace of, 213
Nevil (R., Earl of Salisbury), manor of,
245
Neville (C.), portrait of, 177
Newcome (Rev. P.), rectory of, 215
Newland (S.), memorial of, 83
Nicholas (Sir A.), birthplace of, 306
Nichols (J. B.), residence of, 238
Nicholson (Rev. — ), rectory of, 263
Nickhol (Sir C. G.), marriage of, 37
Norbury (Eliz.), portrait of, 176
Normandy (R., Duke of), relations of,
with Henry I., 7
Norris (V.), manor of, 8l
Norris (Rev. W.), rectory of, 115
Norris (family of), hatchment of, 153
Northumberland (E., Countess of), por-
trait of, 319 ; marriages of, 319
Northwold (Rev. \V. ), rectory of, 294
Nott (Rev. Dr.), directs repairs of
Winchester Cathedral, 125, 130
OrTa (King of Mercia) murders King
Ethelbert, 160, 178, 196 ; founda-
tions of, 172, 209 ; painting of, at St.
Albans, 264 ; enshrines bones of, at
St. Albans, 271 ; death of, 211 ; re-
ported tomb of, 250
Oglander (Sir W.), seat of, 5
Ogle (Lord), defends Winchester
Castle, 1 20
Olaus (King of Norway), baptism of, 6
Opie (T. and B.), monument of, 113
Opie (Mrs.), manor of, 113
Orange (Prince of), portrait of, 254
Orleans (Duchess of), portrait of, 318
Orleton (Adam de), birthplace of, 162 ;
intrigues of, 163
Ormesby (E.), monument of, 151
Osborne (Ruth), drowned for witch-
craft, 215
Ottobon, the Pope's legate, signs
Edward I. with sign of cross, 299
Oudeby (J.), monumental brass of, 246,
247
Overall (Dean J.), rectory of, 292
Oxford (Earl of), seat of, 160
Oxford and Mortimer (Earls of), resi-
dence of, 203
Pace (Dean R.), birthplace of, 10
Packe (Alderman), manor of, 314
Paley (J.), burial-place of, 247
Palliser (Rear-Admiral), portrait of, 317
Palmer (S.), tomb of, 230
Palmer (T. R.), tomb of, 230
Palmer ( — ), lodging of, 267
Palmerston (Viscount), seat of, 5, 29
Paraden (Rev. P.), rectory of, 294
Paris (Matthew), abbacy of, 271, 272 ;
burial-place of, 209
Parker (G.), residence of, 151
Parker (Sir H.), marriage of, 251
Parker (J.), benefaction of, 21
Parker (R.), seat of, 210
Parker (Sir — ), lodging of, 267
j Parry (J.), tomb of, 201
Parry (W.),
seat of, 160
Parton (W., and wife), benefaction of,
291 ; foundation of, 291
Patishul (J.), tomb of, 231
Patrick (Bishop of Limerick), visits cell
at Markate, 259
Paul (Abbot of St. Albans), buildings
of, 271, 272
Paulet (J.), defends Basing, 9 ; marriage
of, 36 ; tomb of, 36
Paulet (Sir W.), tomb of, 36
Paulet (family of), residence of, 36
Peachy (Sir J.), estates of, 168
Pearce ( R. ), manor of, 245 ; memorial
of, 248
Pecke (Sergt. E.), manor of, 245
Pelham (Bishop of Lincoln), cenotaph
for, 316
Pelham (Hon. C. A.), seat of, 5
Pemberton (Sir F.), birthplace of, 213
Pembridge (H. de), foundation of, 180
Pembridge (Sir R.), effigy of, 166;
monument of, 181
Pembroke (Jasper, Earl of), defeat of,
161, 187
Pembruge (Alicia,), marriage of, 166
Index of Names.
337
Pennington (Rev. T.)i rectory of, 295
Penruddocke (Colonel), capture of
Nonconformist ministers by, 73
Perin (C.), memorial of, 32, 33
Perin (Eliz.), memorial of, 33
Perin (H.), foundation of, 32 j portrait
of, 32 ; memorial of, 33
Perrot (R.), birthplace of, 307
Pery(Rev. R.), rectory of, 295
Petty (Sir W.), birthplace of, lo ;
burial-place of, 12
Philip II. of Spain, marriage of, 8
Philips (J.), burial-place of, 163 ;
monument of, 181
Phillips (R.), seat of, 160
Phillips (W.), monument of, 152
Philpot (J.), burnt at Smithfiekl, 10
Pile (Sir S. ), seat of, 109, no
Pink (R.), birthplace of, 10
Pits (Uean J.), birthplace of, 10
Plokenet (Sir A.), benefaction of, 169-
«7'
Plowden (H. C), seat of, 5
Plumer (W. ), seat of, 210
Plymouth (Countess of), monument of,
179
Pococke (R. , Bishop of Meath), birth-
place of, 10
Pole (Sir C. M.), seat of, 210
Pollen (Sir J. W.), seat of, 5
Pontissara (j. de), foundation of, 135 ;
register of, 136, 137
Pope, the poet, school of, 12
Pope (Rev. Sir B. ), vicarage of, 17, 18 ;
funeral expenses of, 18
Pope (Sir T.), foundation of, 261 ;
building erected by, 261, 262
Pope Blount (family of), mansion of,
262
Popham (A.), portrait of, 319
Porta, landing of, at Portsmouth, 5
Portal (J.), seat of, 5, 8 1
Porter (Sir C. ), portrait of, 176
Portland (W., Duke of), manor of, 237
Portsmouth (Earls of), seats of, 5
Potenger (J.), birthplace of, 10
Poure (Ann), burial-place of, 249
Powlet (C. ), manors of, 8 1
Powlett (Right Hon. Orde), seat of,
"3
Powlett (W. P.), seat of, 5
Pownde (A.), manor of, 76 ; memorial
of, 77
Pownde (R.), estates of, 76
Pownde (W., and wife), obtain grant of
monastery, 76 ; patronage of, 76, 78
Pratt (S. J.), birthplace of, 307
VOL. XVII.
Prescott (Sir G. B.), seat of, 232;
manor of, 237
Prescott (G.), manor of, 237, 238
Prescott (M.), tomb of, 230
Pretyman (Bishop of Lincoln), residence
°f, 3'5
Price (Colonel H.) surrenders Hereford,
161
Price (R.), seat of, 187
Price (Uvedale), seat of, 160
Price (Rev. — ), rectory of, 257
Pricey (R. ), benefaction of, 97
Primrose (Mary), tomb of, 2OI
Prior (Ann), centenarian, 247
Prior ( — ), residence of, 228, 229
Prophete (J.), monument of, 98
Purkess ( — ) conveys body of William
Rufus to Winchester, 96
Purver(A.), birthplace of, 10
Quendred (Queen), treachery of, 178
Quicdm, brother of King Kinegils,
converted to Christianity, 6
Rahere, foundations of, 207
Raiss ( — ), organist at Havnnt, 83
Raleigh (Sir W.), trial of, 8
Ralph (Earl) routed from Hereford,
178
Ramsey (W. de), birthplace of, 307
Kamridge (Abbot), monument of, 263
Ranelagh (R., Earl of), portrait of, 177
Ranelagh (Viscountess), portraits of,
175. '77
Raper (Martha), monument of, 296
Raper (Matthew), monument of, 296
Raper (family of), manor of, 297
Ravenscroft <.T.), widow of, monument
of, 189
Rawlinson (C.), monument of, 264
Ray (Miss), portrait of, 320
Rayner ( — ), estate of, 168
Reding (Sir S. de), execution of. 161
Redman (Bishop R.), birthplace of, 213
Reed (I.), burial-place of, 214
Reinelm (Bishop), foundation of, 179
Renaud (A.), burial-place of, 83
Reynolds (Bishop), burial-place of, 307
Reynolds (Rev. J.), rectory and
vicarages of, 295
Reynolds (R.), seat of, 306
Rich (H., Earl of Holland), imprison-
ment of, 306
Rich (R., Earl of Warwick), marriage
of, 248 ; burial-place of, 248
Rich (Sir R.), chancellor to Edward VI.,
10
22
338
Index of Names.
Richard I., second coronation of, 7
Richard II. puts down Wat Tyler's
rebellion, 21 1
Richards (Rev. — ), rectory of, 34
Richard, son of William I., death
of, 6
Rider (Hon. R.), seat of, 210
Ridge (Mr T.), seat of, 27
Rivers (Lord), seat of, 5
Rivers (R. de), repairs Carisbrooke
Castle, 154
Robert (Abbot of St. Albans), buildings
of, 265
Roliotham (R.), admitted to the degree
of D.D., 190, 191
Robinson (Sir W. ), portrait of, 176
Roden (Earl of), seat of, 2IO
Rodney (I.), churchwarden of Old
Alresforii, 32
Rodney (J.), memorial of, 32
Rogers (H.), tomb of, 51
Konully (Sir S., and Lady), burial-
place of, 191
Romilly (Lady), birthplace of, 191
Roos (E.), marriage of, 36
Rosamond (The Fair), tomb of, 101
Rose (Right lion G.), seat of, 5
Ross (J., Bishop of Exeter), birthplace
of, 162
Rotheram (T., Bishop of Lincoln),
buildings erected by, 309, 315
Rowlet (R.), manor of, 275
Rudborne (Bishop T.), birthplace of,
2'3
Ru(us(B. , Bishop of London), birth-
place of, 306
Rumbold (Sir T.), seat of, 28
Runcorn (T. ), wardenship of, 135
Rupert (Prince), portrait of, 320
Rnpibus (P. de). builds church at
Portsmouth, 96 ; burial-place of, 4
Rushworth (E.), seat of, 5
Russel (F. ), birthplace Of, IO
Russel (J. , Bishop of Lincoln), birth-
place of, 10
Russell (Lord), execution of, 212
Ru*?ell (J., Bishop of Lincoln), build-
ings erected by, 309, 310, 315
Rygg* (W-i and wife), monumental
brass of, 152
Ryves (C.), mairiage of, 152
Ryves (Sir R.), monument of, 151
Sackville (Lady M.). portrait of, 174
Sadleir (Sir R ), residence of, 215;
takes banner of King of Scots, 215
St. Alban, birthplace of, 212 ; marlyr-
dom of, 271 ; enshrinement of bones
of, 271
St. Albans (J. de), birthplace of, 212
St. Alphage, relics of, 305
St. Andre ( — ), residence of, 28
St. Anthony of Vienna, mission of, 159
St. Barbe (J., and wife), monument of,
12
St. Beavois, birthplace of, 9
St. Dunstan, burial-place of, IOO
St. Egwin, relics of, 305
St. Ethelwold, remains of architecture
of, 23
St. Grimbald, relics of, 4
St. Guthlac, presentation of leaden
coffin to, 100
St. Ives (Roger de), birthplace of, 317
St. John (A.), marriage of, 253 ; monu-
ment of, 255
St. Judocus, relics of, 4
St. Leonard of Pyona (Canons of),
patronage of, 166
St. Neot, relics of, 305
St. Neots (Hugh de), birthplace of, 307
St. Oswald, bishopric of, 305
St. Swithin, birthplace of, 10 ; burial-
place of, 4, 13 ; reputed tomb of, 121
St. Thomas de Cantilupe, tomb of,
159
Salisbury (Marquess of), seat of, 2IO
Salwey (family of), estates of, 203
Samwell (J., and wife), executed for
witchcraft, 307
Sanderson (Bishop), residence of, 315 ;
burial-place of, 307, 316
Sandcs (W., Lord), buildings of, 37 ;
foundation of, 38, 40, 41 ; burial-
place of, 38
Sandys (Sir W., and wife), patronage of,
17, 18
Sandwich (Earls of), seat of, 306 ; por-
traits of, 318-321
Sandwich (E., Countess of), portrait
of, 318
Sandwich (J., Countess of), portrait of,
3"9
Sank (G.), distress levied on, 224
Saunders (T.), monument of, 248
Saunders (family of), foundation of,
249
Savage (Rev. Dr. J.), rectory of, 244 ;
burial-place of, 244 ; epitaph on, 244
Sawtrey (H.), birthplace of, 316
Say (SirW.), buildings erected by, 226 ;
manor of, 227
Scaldeford (S. de), rectory of, 294
Scapula (O. ), victory of, 160
Index of Names.
339
Scotland (David of) entertained at
Hertford, 209
Scott (J.), residence of, 214
Scroop (Colonel), victory of, 306
Scroop of Masham (Lord), execution
of, 8
Scudamore (Lord) restores t)ore Abbey,
169 ; benelactions of, 170 ; seat of,
1 80
Scudamore (Viscount) introduces red
streak apples into England, 162
Scudamore (B. ) defends Hereford, 161
Scudamore (Sir J.) introduced into
" Faerie Queen," 162
Scudamore (R. P.), seat of, 160, 162
Scudamore ( — ), M.P. for Hereford,
seat of, 185
Sealy (S. ), memorial of, 30
Sebright (Sir E. ), tomb of, 246
Sebright (Sir J. S.), seat of, 210
Sebright (family of), patronage of, 245 ;
tombs of, 246 ; pew of, 247
Seton (Rev. W. ), rectory of, 294
Seward (M.), memorial of, 47
Seymour (Lord H.), seat of, 5
Sharpe (G. ), seat of, 306
Shawe (R.)i seat of, 210
Sherborn (R., Bishop of Chichester),
death of, 10
Sherlock (Rev. Dr. T.), rectory of, 292
Shiffner ( — ), seat of, 185
Shipley (Dr. J.), bishopric of, 12 ;
bust of, 12
Shonke(P.), attestation of, to a deed,
temp. Edward III., 225
Shrimpton (R.), mayoralty of, 270;
reminiscences of, 270, 271
Shuckborough (Sir C. ), manor of, 81
Shuckborough (Sir S. ), manor of, Si
Shuldham (Rear Admiral), portrait of,
3'7
Shuldham (Eliz.), abbacy of, 293
Shuldham (Rev. Dr. E.), rectories of,
293 ; burial-place of, 293
Shute (J., Viscount Barrington), birth-
place of, 213
Sidney (Anne), portrait of, 177
Simpson ( — ), seat of, 210
Skelton ( — ), property of, 98
Skinner (Miss), manor of, 113
Skippe(S-), monument of, 192
Skyllyng (M.), appointed Chief Justice
of the Court of the Pavilion, 145
Slaughter (Rev. T.). rectory of, 115
Sleford (J., Canon of Wells), tomb of,
286
Sligo (Marchioness of), seat of, 210
Sloane(H.), seat of, 5, 28
Smallpage (Rev. R. ), rectory of, 115
Smith (Anne), burial-place of, 112
Smith (Colonel), manors of, 76, 77
Smith (Sir D.), seat of, 210
Smith (M., Bishop of Gloucester), birth-
place of, 162
Smith (Peter), memorial of, 189
Smith (S.), seat of, 210
Smith (T. ), patronage of, 78
Smith (Bishop of Lincoln), buildings
erected by, 310
Smythe (A.), monument of, 151
Smyther (R. ), memorial of, 65
Somer (H., and wife), hostelry of, 143
Somers (Lord), seat of, 160; monu-
ment of, 214
Sone (T., and wife), burial-place of, 115
South (E.), tomb of, 229
Southampton (Earl of) obtains grant
of St. Elizabeth's College at Win-
chester, 135
Southwell (Sir T., and Lady), portraits
of, 175
Sowerby (J.), seat of, 210
Spencer (Earl), seat of, 210
Spencer (Hon. C.), seat of, 210
Spencer (H. de), execution of, 161
Squire (T.), tomb of, 321, 322
Stafford (E., Duke of Buckingham),
pedigree of, 179
Standish (Rev. Dr.), rectories of, 292
Stanley (Eliz.), memorial of, 12
Stanley (P.), seat of, 306
Stanley (T.), birthplace of, 213
Stawel (Lord), seat of, 27
Steele (A.), birthplace of, 10
Stephen (King) seizes Hereford, 160,
161
Stow (M.), tomb of, 230
Strade (\V., and wife), monumental
brass of, 264
Strafford (Lord), portrait of, 2J&
Strode (Geo. ), monument of, 255
Strode (J., Lady), monument of, 256
Suffolk (Marquess of), lands at Ports-
mouth, 8
Sydney (Algernon), execution of, 212
Symmons (J.), seat of, 180
Symonds (E.), birthplace of, 213
Talbot (J., Earl of Shrewsbury), memo-
rial of, 264
Talbot (R., Lord Tyrconnel), portrait
of, 177
Talbot (family of), estates of, 172
Talk (— ), property of, 113
22 — 2
340
Index of Names.
Tankerfield (G.), martyrdom of, 274
Tapps (Sir G. T.)i seat of, 5
Taten (Rev. C.), rectory ol, 295
Tatnall (W., and wife), tomb of, 231
Taylor (C. W.), patronage of, 78
Taylor (J.), memorial of, 77
Taylor (P.), mansion of, 76 ; patronage
of, 78
Tempest (Sir H.), seat of, 160
Terry ( — ), residence of, 151
Thomas (Rev. H.). rectory of, 294
Thorpe (Rev. T. ), rectory of, 294
Throckmorton ( — ) defeats adherents
of Lady Jane Grey, 161
Thurstan (Archbishop of York) visits
Red bourn, 258
Tichborne (A.), memorial of, in
Tichborne (Sir 15.), monument of, no,
III
Tichborne (Sir H.), seat of, 5
Tichborne (R.), burial-place of, in
Tillotson (Dr.) erects bell at Therfield,
291
Timms (J. F.), seat of, 210
Titus (S.)i birthplace of, 213
Toclyve (R.), foundation of, 136;
augments St. Cross Hospital, 136
Tomsom |R.), birthplace of, 10
Tonson (Jacob), epitaph on, 103
Toni (R. de), manor of, 246
Tooke (G.), birthplace of, 213
Tooke (Dr. T.) mastership of, 221 ;
patronage of, 222 ; portrait of, 222 ;
death of, 222
Townshend (Lord J.), seat of, 210
Trener (Sir S.), benefaction of, 96
Tresilian (C. J.), assists in putting down
Wat Tyler's rebellion, 211
Trigger (J.), benefaction of, 97
Trimnel (C., Bishop of Winchester),
birthplace of, 307
Trollope (Captain), victory of, 307
Trot (Sir J.), manor of, 81 ; residence
of, 81 ; burial-place of, 81
Trumpington (Abbot of St. Alban's),
buildings erected by, 264, 265
Tuberville (— ), seat of, 160
Tuchet (VV. B.), manor of, 166
Tucker ( — ), residence of, 28
Tudor (O.), imprisonment and execu-
tion of, 161, 187
Tudor (family of), badge of, 25
Turman ( — ), manor of, 244
Turner (Sir B. ), birthplace of, 291 ;
residence of, 290 ; portrait of, 292 ;
tomb of, 287
Turner (Barnard), tomb of, 288
Turner (E. A. and W.), tomb of, 288
Turner (F., Bishop of Rochester),
monument erected by, 289 ; com-
mitted to Tower, 289 ; sermons by,
290 ; rectory of, 292 j benefaction
of, 293
Turner (Sackville), memorial of, 289
Turner (Sarah P.), tomb of, 287
Turner (Rev. T.), rectory of, 295
Turner (family of), manor of, 290 ; resi-
dence of, 290
Turnoth ( — ), manor of, 244
Twychet ( — ), marriage of, 286
Tyler (Bishop of Llanda/T), monument
of, 179
Tyrrel (Sir W.), defeats the French, 8 ;
shoots William Rufus, 6, 93, 94 ;
burial-place of, 102
Udal (N.), birthplace of, 10
Urry (J.), birthplace of, 10
Vaughan (Roach), memorial of, 191
Vaughan (Sir T. , and wife), memorial
of, 191
Vaughan of Ilinton (family of), memo-
rials of, 198
Venables (J.), family of, memorial of, 47
Ventham (J.), burial-place of, 83
Vere (Frances), burial-place of, 242
VernonfJ. de), manor of, 165
Vernon ( — ), monument of, 165
Verulam (Earl of), seat of, 210
Vespasian, conquers the Isle of Wight,
S
Vigerons (Rev. W.), rectory of, 294
Waight (J., and wife), monument of, 47,
48
Waight (R.), monument of, 47
Wakefield (Rev. R.), rectory of, 294
Waldof (— ), manor of, 244
Walkelin (Bishop), architecture of, 16,
17, 63. 13°
Walker (I.), birthplace of, 213
Waller (E.), birthplace of, 213
Waller (Sir W.), victory of, 9 ; sacri-
lege of, 126, 127 ; captures Here-
ford, 161
Wallingford (Abbot), cloister of, 267
Wallis (P.), tomb of, 230
Wallop (Sir J.), birthplace of, 10
Walsham (family of), seat of, 191
Waltheof (Earl), execution of, 6
Walton (I.), reminiscences of, 228
Walwin (R.), marriage of, 82
Walwynn (— ), seat of, 195
Index of Names.
Warbeck (Perkin), takes sanctuary at
Beaulieu, 8 ; surrenders to Henry
VII., 8
Ward (Bishop S. ), birthplace of 214
Ware (R. de), birthplace of, 214
Ware (W. de), birthplace of, 214
Warham (W. , Archbishop of Canter-
bury), birthplace of, 10
Warner (W.), burial-place of, 214
Warre (J. de), benefaction of, 169, 171
Warren ( — ), burial-place of, 250
Warton (Dr.), retreat of, 12
Warton (Rev. J.), rectory of, 295
Warton (J.), birthplace of, 10
Warton (T.), Poet Laureate, birthplace
of, 10
Warwick (H., Earl of), crowned King
of the Isle of Wight, 8
Warwick (the great Earl of), defeat and
death of, 211
Warwick (Guy, Earl of), defeats Col-
brand, 6
Waterhouse (Sir E.), birthplace of,
214
Watson (Rev. Dr.), victory of, 308
Watts (Isaac), birthplace of, II
Waynflete (Bishop), arms of, 39 ; seal
of, 146 ; chantry of, 125, 131 ; tomb
of, 126, 127, 142
Webb (Rev. R. ), memorial of, 30
Wellington (Duke of), visits Ports-
mouth, 9 ; gifts of, to Kingsclere
Church, 84
Wells ( — ), property of, 307
Welwayn (Hobby), defeats adherents of
Lady Jane Grey, 161
Wenham (J.), tried for witchcraft, 215
West (T. and A. de), tomb of, 55
Weston (Rev. C. ), rectory of, 292
Weston (Sir R. ), residence of, 300
Westphaling (Bishop), monument of,
181
Whamsell (Sir R.), benefaction of, 96
Wheathamstead (Abbot John of),
chantry of, 263 ; painted ceiling
erected by, 272
Wheatley (Rev. C.), vicarage of, 214
Wheler (Rev. Sir G.), vicarage of, II
Whitagar, a follower of Cerdic, re-
builds Carisbrooke Castle, 154
White (F., Bishop of Ely), birthplace of,
3°7
White (J., Bishop of Winchester), death
of, II
White (Rev. G.), vicarage of, 12
White (G.), school of, 42
White (Rev. J.), birthplace of, 112
White (J.), birthplace of, 307
White (J., and wife), memorial of, 47
White (R.), birthplace of, II
White (Sir T.), birthplace of, 214
White ( Rev. — ), purchases site of St.
Elizabeth's College, Winchester, 135
Whitehead (J.), burial-place of, 50
Whitfield (F.), seat of, 210
Whittlesea (W. de), birthplace of, 307
Wild (R.), birthplace of, 307
Wigley (R.), centenarian, 163
Wilkes (J[.), retreat of, 12
Willes (Sir F.), seat of, 210
William I., disasters to family of, 95 ;
swears to keep laws of Edward the
Confessor, 2\i ; foundation of, 316
William II., alleged destruction of
churches by, 70 ; death of, 6, 95 ;
burial-place of, 4 ; momument erected
in memory of, 93, 94 ; tomb of, 125 ;
body of, conveyed to Winchester, 96
William III., portrait of, 177
William (King of the Scots), carries
sword of state at Richard I. 's corona-
tion, 7
Williams (Archbishop), seat of, 312 ;
buildings erected by, 312
Williams, alias Cromwell (family of),
arms of, 321
Williams (K.), seat of, 210
Williams (T.), portrait of, 176
Wilmot (C. ), portrait of, 321
Wilton (Lord Grey de), trial of, 8
Winchcombe (Abbot of), property ot,
172
Winchelsea (A., Countess of), birth-
place of, 1 1
Winchester (L. of), birthplace of, II
Winchester (Wolstan of), birthplace of,
II
Winniffe (Bishop of Lincoln), seat of,
3H
Winter ( — ), benefaction of, 78
Withers (G.), birthplace of, II
Wolsey (Cardinal), residence of, 214
Woodstock (E. of), execution of, 7
Wortley (S.), portrait of, 319
Wright (J. and M. E. ), monument of,
4.7
Wriothesley (Lord Chancellor), monu-
ment of, 12
Wriothesley (Sir T. ), obtains grant of
St. Elizabeth's College at Winches-
ter, 135
Wykeham (W. of), birthplace of, II ;
benefactions of, 83 ; death of, 1 1 ;
burial-place of, 4 ; tomb of, 142
34*
Index of Names.
Wykes (Sir T.), letter of, to Sir R.
Sydney, 242
Wylly (Rev. R.), rectory of, 294
Wyndham (H. W.), manor of, 150;
dial and clock made by, 150; tomb
of, 152
Wyndham (T.), monument of, 152;
arms of, 1 52
Wynne (Sir'Watkin W.), portrait of,
253. 254
Yalden (J.), monument of, 34
Yalden (W.), monument of, 34
Yonge (Rev. Dr. P.), rectory of, 292
York (C., Duchess of, death of, 21 1
Young (A.), tomb of, 232
Young (Rev. Dr. E.), rectory of, 215
Young (E.), birthplace of, 112
Young (K.), tomb of, 232
Zenzan (A.), lodging of, 267
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
ACONBURY, 163, 164
Agnus Dei, sign of the, at Buckden,
VS. 3'6
Albury House, 235
Aldershot, 29, 30 ; discussion as to
orthography of, 29, 30
Alexander (\V.), sketch by, 301
Allen (I,.) on Portsmouth, 97
Almshousts, at Basingstoke, 39 ; at
Flamstead, 249
Alresford, 5, 30-34, 143, 144
Altar screens, 21, 55, 56, 129, 247, 263
Alton, 7, 9
Alverstoke, II
Alwalton, 308, 309
Amwell, 214-216
Ancient tenure, example of, 173
Andover, 34, 35 ; opening of railway
at, 109
Andrews (J. P.) on the New Forest,
93. 94
Anne (Queen), statue of, 21
Aquatile Hole, a spring at Hertingford-
bury, 250
Ariconium, site of, 178, 195
Arms, family, 25, 31-33, 35, 46, 48, So,
82, no, in, 113, 114, 151, 152, 164-
167, 174, 176, 180, 192, 217, 223,
231, 250-254, 256, 260, 261, 285-
289, 292, 297, 300, 316. 321, 322
Arreton Down, 154
Ashmole on St. Albans, 270, 271
Assassins, origin of term as applied to
murderers, 299
Aston (Herefordshire), 203
Baginton, 167
Bagster (S.) on Hoddesdon, 228, 229
Baigent (F. J.) on Hants clergy in the
sixteenth century, 17-20; on Alder-
shot, 29, 30; on Winchester, 117-
119, 142-146
Balsham, brasses in church at, 286
Bank-notes manufnctciry fur, n, 82
Barnet, 2IO. 211, 217, 218
Base, minor i»f, 227
Basing, 6, 9, 35, 37
Basingstoke, 4, II, 37 42
Balh Abbey, tower of, 194
Bear Forest, 28
Beaulieu Abbey, 4, 8, 42-46
Bedhampton, 75, 76
Bells, church, 30, 34, 46, 47, 84, 97,
no, 114, 153, 198, 226, 249, 291
Belvoir, 28
Benh.im ( — ), architecture of, 21
Berkhampstead, 211, 218-220
Bevis Mount, II, 82
Biggleswade, connection of, with see of
Kly, 309
Bighton, 46
Billeting, towns exempted from, 12
Bingley (VV.) on I hristchurch, 52-56
Bishop's bailiff, jurisdiction of, at Here-
ford Fair, 173
B;shop's Stortford, 220-223
Bishop's Sutton, 47, 48
Bishop's Waltliam, 5, II, 48, 112
Bittern, 3
Blackborough, 41, 42
Blestium of Antoninus, identified with
Longiown, 195
Blore (E. ), drawing by, 301
Bloxam ( — ) on stone coffins, ICO
Bluntisham, 307
Bodenham, 196
Boldre, It
Booker (L.) on Tedstone Delamere,
20 1, 202
Brading, 21
344
Index of Subjects.
Brampton Brian, 162, 203
Bramshot, 48-51
Brantfield, 214
Brasses (monumental), in situ, 49, 88,
137, 152, 246, 247, 257. 263, 264,
284, 286 ; lost,
48, 263, 291
98, 264 ; mutilated,
Brayley (historian of Herts) on monu-
ment at Brent Pelham, 225, 226
Bredwardine, 185, 186
Brent Pelham, 223-226
Bridge Sellers, 166
Bringwood Chase, 204
British remains, discovery of, 153
Britton ( — ) on Christchurch, Oxford,
14 ; on Romsey, too, 104 ; on Win-
chester Cathedral lantern, 15
Brixton (Isle of Wight), 153, 154
Broadhalfpenny, crirket ground at, 27
Brockhampton, 83
Broughton, 3
Broxbourne, 226-229
Buck ( — ), drawings by, 316
Buckden, 307-316
Buckler (E.), architecture of, 127
Burford, 164
Burghope, 167, 168
Bunington, 203
Butterfield (J.), architecture of, 133,
134
Caddington, 257
Cadenham, oak-tree at, 4, 96
Caen, Norman architecture at, 13
Caley (J.), collection of seals by, 171
Canham, II
Cannon's Lodge, 1 1
Canterton, 94
Carisbrooke, 3, 4, 8, 154
Carter (J.), drawings by, 104, 105,269,
270
Castle Malwood, 94
Catterington, 27
Ceiling, painted, at St. Alban's Abbey,
272
Chancel screens, 47, 54, 56, 57, 61, 129
Chantries at Christchurch, 54
Chapman (R.), architecture of, 274
Che^hunt, 214, 229-244
Cheverells Green, 247, 248
Chimney-piece, carved, from Theo-
bald's, 238
Choir screen at Winchester Cathedral,
129
Choringham, 94
Christchurch, 51-62
Christian Club, the, at Shoreham, 29
Church stone, at Blackborough, 41,42;
at Tubney, 41
Churchyard gate at Yateley, 151
Cistercians, foundation of, at Netley, 91
Civil War events, 9, 37, 126, 127, 137,
139, 154, 178, 212, 306
Clothall, 244
Coffins, discovery of, at Aconbury, 163 ;
at Romsey, loo, 102 ; at Wherwel),
116; at Winchester, 132; at Wol-
vesey Castle, 149
Combly (Isle of Wight), 154
Compton (Surrey), 88, 89
Connington, 307
Corporation pew at Romsey, 107
Cove, tithing of, 150
Cowel (Dr.) on "Justices of the
Pavilion," 144, 145
Cowes (Isle of Wight), 5
Crasswell, 195
Crooksbury Hill, 26
Crosses, churchyard, 200 ; erected in
memory of Queen Eleanor, 300 ;
market, 140-143, 195
Crux Easton, II
Curnah Hill, 161
Danebury Hill, 4, 34
Davies (Sir J.) on the accomplishments
of Queen Elizabeth, 243, 244
Deerhurst Church, brasses in, 286
Dewsall, 164
Dewsbury (Yorkshire), copy of Saxon
wheelcross at, 200
Dibdin, 4
Dilwyn, 164
Domesday Book, extracts from, 80, 85,
227, 244
Dore (Herefordshire), 162, 163, 168-
171
Douglas (Rev. J.), discoveries of, 102
Downton (Herefordshire), 162, 203,
204
Drayton, 76
Duncombe (Mrs.), poem by, 4
Dunstable, Queen Eleanor cross at, 300
Eaglehurst Cliff, 4
Eardisland, 187
Easthorpe, chapelry of, 41
East India College at Hertford, 210
East Meon, 27, 63-67
Easton, 62, 63
Eccleswall Castle, 172
Elden, 42
Elkstone, trefoil arch at, 89
Eling, 67-73
Index of Siibjects.
345
Ellingham, II, 73-75
Elm-tree at Basingstoke, 39
Elton (Herefordshire), 203
Emsworth, 75
Englefield (Sir II. C.) on Romsey
Abbey, 103, 105 ; on St. Michael's,
Southampton, 64
Epitaphs, 30-34, 46-48, 51, 62, 63, 77,
83, 84, 98, 110-116, 131, 151, 152,
164, 180, 182, 190, 192, 201, 217,
223, 229-232, 244, 246-249, 252, 256,
260, 261, 287-289
Ewias Harold, 169
Exbury House, II
Eywoocl, 203
Faccombe, 17
Fairs, 4, 76, 96, 144-146, 173, 180, 187,
245
Fareham, 5
Faringdon (Hants), 78-80
Farlington, 75 78
Farnham, 26, 89
Ferrey (B.) on Christchurch, 57-61 ;
on Eling, 69, 70, 72
Fires, outbreak of, at Alresford, 31, 32
Fish, sculpture of a, at Peterchurcb,
198-200
Fish Virgin, the, a term applied to the
Virgin Mary, 199
Fisher (T.), drawings by, 226, 259, 260
Flambard, architecture of, 58, 61
Flamstead, 244-249
Flaxman, monuments by, 57, 245
Fonts, church, 45, 46, 48, 68, 72, 88,
no, 132, 159, 185, 186, 198, 203,
248, 291, 297
Fordingbridge, 5
Fosbroke (T. D.) on Goodrich, 172, 175
Freefolk, II
Freeman (A.) on priory church at Leo-
minster, 192, 193
Free school at Ringvvood, 98
Freshwater (Isle of Wight), 154, 155
Garbett (\V.), architecture of, 56, 58,
125, 128, 129; on Christchurch, 59,
60
Garrick, epigram by, 215
Geddington, Queen Eleanor cress at,
300
George III., statue of, 21
Gibbons (Grinling), sculpture of, 129
Gibson (Rev. — ) on Dore Rectory, 170
Gidding (Little), 308
Glatton, 307
God^tow, 101
Goodrich, 172, 173
Goodwin ( — ), architecture of, 20, 22
Gorhnmbury, 214, 275-284
Gough ( — ) on leaden coffins, loo, 101
Grammar schools, at Bishop Stortford,
222, 223 ; at Hoddesdon, 227
Grantham, Queen Eleanor Cross at,
300
Gravertones, burial of, at Eling, 68, 72
Grey (W.), on Basingstoke, 41, 42; on
Stockbridge, 108, 109
Grimston (Hon. C.) on Gorhambury,
275-277, 280, 281
Grismond, 185
Hacket (Dr.) on Buckden, 312-314
Hackwood Park, 37
Hadham Parva, 214
llailweston, medicinal spring at, 306
Hales (Dr. S.) on Faringdon, 78-80
Hall Place, manor of, 150
Ilambledon, 27, 28
Hamels, 287
Hames Gate, 265, 267
Hamper (\V. ), on Bighton, 46, 47 ; on
Bishop's Sutton, 47, 48 ; on More-
stead, 85 ; on Ringwood, 98 ; on
Tichborne, no, in
Hampshire, 3-156
Hampton Bishop, 173-177, 196
Hampton Court (Herefordshire), paint-
ings at, 173-177; curiosities ex-
hibited at, 176
Harris ( — ) copy of portrait of Henry
IV. by, 174
Haslar Hospital, 97
Haslerr.ere, 26, 27
Hatfield, 249
Havant, 5, 83, 84
Hayling, 83
Helvoet*luys, defeat of French off, 307
Hemel Hempstead, 249, 250
Hereford, 159-161, 173, 178-183
Hereford, earldom of, descent of, 178,
179
Herefordshire, 159-205
Herriard, 36, 37
Hertford, 209-211
Hertfordshire, 209-302
Hertingfordbury, 250
Hinchinbroke, 316-321
Hindhead, 26, 27
Hinton Court, 198
Hinxworth, 250-252
Hoddesdon, 227-229
Hoddington, 113
Holbein (Hansl, portraits by, 217
346
Index of Subjects,
Holt Forest, 26
Holy Ghost Chapel at Basingstoke, 37,
38, 40-42
Home Lacy, 162
Hope (Herefordshire), 162, 163
Hospitals, St. John's, Winchester, 146,
147 ; St. John and St. James, Roy-
ston, 293 ; St. Mary Magdalene,
Winchester, 136-138
Hull ( — ), painting by, 248
Human hair, discovery of, in barrows,
102
Humbert (Rev. L. M.) on St. Cross,
>33, 134
Hunsdon, 21 1, 214, 252
Huntingdon! 306, 307
Huntingdonshire, 305-322
Hursley, II, 84
Hyde Abbey, 3, 4, 132, 133
Image of St. Alban, carried in pro-
cession, 271
Ingeston, 163
Inscriptions, monumental. Sec " Epi-
taphs"
Inventories of the sixteenth century,
18-20
Isle of Wight, 3, 5-8, 21, 153-156
Janssen (Cornelius), paintings by, 216
Jones (Inigo), architecture of, 129, 130
Jubilee galleries at Winchester cathe-
dral, 123
Kenchester, 187
Kenderchurch, 185
Kentchurch, 185
Keys of curious shape, discovery of,
97, 98, 116
Kilpeck, 184-186
Kimbolton, 305, 307
King (W. Warwick) on Eling, 67, 68,
71-73
Kingsclere, 84
Kingsland, 186-191
King's Lingley, 209
Kings Somborne, 29
Kington, 191
Knapp (M.) on Ledbury, 192
Knebworth, 252-257
Kneller (Sir G.), portraits by, 174-177
Knight Templar, gravestone of, 77
Knill, 191, 192
Kynaston Chapel, destruction of, 163
Langley Wood, 12
Langston Harbour, 83
Lanterns, at Christchurch, 15, 16 ; at
Norwich, 16 ; at Old Shoreham, 16;
at Romsey, 15 ; at Winchester, 15
Latham (J .), on Andover, 34 ; on
Romsey Abbey, 24
Laverstoke, 80-82
Lawrence ( — ), portraits by, 176
Ledbury, 163, 192
Leicester, Queen Eleanor cross at, 300
Leigh, 83
Le Keux (H.), engraving by, 301
Lely (Sir P.), portraits by, 175, 254
Lenthall Sparks, 203
Lentwardine, 187, 203
Leominster, 161, 192-195
Leonard Stanley (Gloucestershire),
Tower at, 194
Letchworth, 257
Lewis (J.), on St. Peter's Church at St.
Alban's, 274
Lincoln, Queen Eleanor cross at, 300
Liphook, 27, 50
Liten, name applied to churchyard at
East Meon, 67
Little Gidding, 308
Longtown, 195
Longworth, 195, 196
Lydekker (G. W.), on St. Albans, 274
Lymington, 5
Madeley Church, font at, 85
Mapledurham, 12, 27
Marcle, 163
Marden (Herefordshire), 196
Marinold, 204, 205
Markate, cell of, foundation of, 258,
259
Market charters, grants of, to Flam-
stead, 245 ; to Kingsland, 187 ; to
Sawbridgeworth, 286
Market Street, 245, 257-260
Mediaeval key, discovery of, 97, 98
Medicinal springs, 5, 210, 306
Medstead, 34
Merdley, manor of, 290
Mermaid, carving of, at Natley Scures,
87
Meyrick (S. R. ), on Burford, Dilwyn,
Weobly, and Stretford, 164-167 ; on
Kingsland, 186-191
Mile End, 21
Milland, 27
Milner (J.), on Beaulieu, 43 ; on the
New Forest, 94-96 ; on Winchester
Cathedral, 119-121; on Wolvesey
Casile, 148
Minley Warren, 151
Index of Subjects,
347
Minsted, 94, 95
Mi ink land, 187
Monnington, 159
Moody (H.), on Winchester City cross,
141, 142
Moor Park, 214
Morehampton, 170, 171
Morestead,85
Mortimer's cross, 161 ; memorial of
battlefield of, 186, 187
Mural paintings, at Thundridge, 297,
298 ; at St. John's Church, Winches-
ter, 135
Musselburgh, battle of, 215
Mylne (R.), architecture of, 216
Nash ( — ), design by, 129
Nately Scures, 85-89
Nether Wallop, 109
Netley Abbey, 3, 12, 89-93
Neville's Cross, battle of, 8
Newark, Queen Eleanor cross at, 300
New Forest, 6, 93-96
Newport (Isle of Wight), 12
New River, construction of the, 227
Newtown, 8
Nollekens, bust by, 12
Nonupton, 197
Norman architecture in Hants, 13-17
Norris(Rev. W.), on Warblington, 114-
116
Northampton, Queen Eleanor cross at,
300
North Mims, 214
North Stoncham, 12
Oak-trees, at Cadenham, 4; at Langley
Wood, 12 ; at Nonupton, 197
Obelisk, commemorating the battle of
Barnet, 218
Odiham Castle, 3, 7, 8
Offley (Herts), 211
Oldcastle, 195
Old Shoreham, 16
Oliver Cromwell's saddle-room at
Christchurch, 62
Oratories at Christchurch, 53
Ordeal, trial by, 6, 215
Organs, church, 48, 96
Orleton, 163
Ovington, 34
Oxenborne, chapel of St. Nicholas at,
66
Oxford, Norman architecture at, 14
Paris (Matthew), on cell of Markate,
257, 258
Paul (Father), on Bramshot, 49 ; on
Farlington, 75-78
Paul's Walden, 260, 261
Pelham Furneaux, 214
Peterchurch, 197-200
Petersfield, 27
Petit (:— ), on lantern at Romsey Abbey,
IS
Pew, attached to manor, 290
Piscina-1, examples of, 46, 48, 5°> 5S»
lit, 189, 197, 245, 246
Porchester Gristle 3
Portsduwn Hill, 4
Portsea, 22
Portsmouth, 8, 9, 12, 21, 22, 96, 97
Portswood, 97, 98
Privy tithes, at Eling, 67
Pulpits, at Beaulieu, 44, 45 ; at East
Meon, 64 ; at Shrewsbury, 45
Pulley, 200
Pymmes, reputed residence of the Cecil
family, 241, 242
Quarre Abbey, 3
Quin, the epicure, epigrams written as
soliloquy uf, 215
Ramsey (Hunts), 305, 308
Redbourn, 258
Kcclbridgc, opening of railway to, 109
Refectory, at Beaulicu Abbey, 43, 45 ;
at Netley Abbey, 91
Religious Houses at Hereford, 180
Rickmansworth, 214
Ridge, 261, 262
Rings, discovery of, at Andover, 34 ;
at Winchester, 132
Ringwood, 98
Riplington, 64
Roman, provinces, 3, 159, 209, 305
remains, 75, 76, 154, 271, 272;
stations, 3, 159, 209, 305
Romeland, 274
Romsey, 4, 12-15, '7. 22-25, 99- '°7
Rood-screens and lofts, at Christchurch,
61 ; at Nether Wallop, 109 ; at
Tichborne, no; at Therrield, 291
Ross, 163
" Round Table," the, of King Arthur,
4, 138-140
Royston, 215, 293
Rudge (E.), on Beaulieu, 42, 43
"Rufus's Knights," name given to
Foresters' club, 94
Rufus's stone, 93, 94
Ryde (Isle of Wight), 8
Rysbrach, monument by, 12
348
Index of Subjects,
St. Albans, abbey of, 209, 211, 215,
262-284 ; St. Peter's Church at, 272-
274 ; Queen Eleanor cross at, 300
St. Anthony's fire, cure of, 159
St. Catharine's Hill, 4
St. Catharine's Tower (Isle of Wight),
155, '5<i
St. Cross, 25, 26, 133, 134
St. Elizabeth's College at Winchester,
remains of, 135
St. George de Rockerville (Abbey of),
Jubilee galleries at, 123, 124
St. Giles's Fair at Winchester, 144 146
St. Giles de Bosco, nunnery of, attacked
by robbers, 259
St. Ives (Hunts), 305, 308
St. John Baptist, figure of head of,
147
St. Neots (Hunts), 305, 306
St. Swithin's day, superstition connected
with, 13
Salmon (N.), on monument at Brent
I'elham, 224, 225
Sandown (Isle of Wight), 12
Saxon work, traces of, at Kilpeck, 186 ;
in St. Alban's Abbey, 269, 270
Sawbridgeworth, 215, 284-287
Sawyer (\V.), on Kilpeck, 185, 186 ;
on Peterchurch, 197-199
Scott (Sir J. G.), architecture of, 142
Seals, corporation, 99 ; episcopal, 146 ;
monastic, 15, 171
Sedilia at Flamstead, 246
Selborne, 12
Sepulchre chambers, examples of, in
the Netherlands, 189
Shanklin (Isle of Wight), 4
Sheetbridge, 27
Shenley (Herts), 215
Shingley Hall, 287
Sholdon Court, 188
Siculus (Diodorus), on the tin found in
Britain, 153
Side altar, traces of, at East Meon, 65
Sidon Hill, 4
Silchester, 3, 138
Skeletons, discovery of, at Hereford,
182, 183 ; at Wheathamstead, 301
Smirke, architecture of, 182
Smith (Bernard), organs by, 48, 112
Smith (C. Roach), on Combly, 154
Sobieski, statue of, transformed, 21
Somerley, 1 10
Somersham, medicinal spring at, 306,
308
Southampton, 3, 6-9, 12, 20, 21, 28, 108
Sonthwick (Hants), 8, 12, 76, 108
Spaldwick, connection of, with see of
Ely, 309
Spence ( — ), on Romsey Abbey, 106,
107
Spires, substitution of, for towers, 202
Stained glass in church windows, 50
III, 261, 262
Stamford, Queen Eleanor cross at, 300
Standon (Herts), 215
Stanton (E.), monuments by, 255, 256
Statutes of Winchester, enactment of, 7
Stobbes ( — ), executes repairs at Win-
chester Cathedral, 107
Stockbridge, 7, 103, 108, 109
Stockdale (F. W. L.), drawing by, 225
Stony Cross, 94
Stony Stratford, Queen Eleanor cross
at, 300
Street Court, 187
Street names at Hereford, 180
Studham, 257
Suiton Walls, 160, 178, 196
Swift, on C. Mordaunt, Earl of Peter-
borough, II
Taylor (Sir R.), architecture of, 284
Tedstone Delamere, 201, 202
Telegraph, at Farlington Hill, 76
Tessellated pavement, remains of, 115
Than (Normandy), stone roof in church
at, 59
" Thatched House," the, at Hoddesdon,
288, 289
Theobalds, 211, 212, 215, 232-244
Therfield, 287-293
Thompson (E. ), on Beaulieu, 45, 46
Thomson, the poet, inscription by, 12
Thorley, 293-297
Thundridge, 297, 298
Tichborne, no, III
Tiltey, 162
Titchfield, 9
Tithes, Privy, at Eling (Hants), 67
Tring, 215
Trout, sculpture of a, at Peterchurch,
198, 199
Tubney, 41
Tuthill, manor of, 290
Twyford (Hants), 12; (Herts), 293
Tytherley, III
Tyttenhanger, 261, 262
Upharn, in, 1 12
Upper Nateley, 85
Upton Grey, 112-114
Uriconium, 187
Urish Hay, 198
Indtx of Subjects.
349
Van Celder (P. M.), monument by, 83
Vandyck, portraits by, 162, 176
Vertue, prints by, 216
Verulam, 211, 271, 272, 282-284
" Volkre's chambers," at Kingsland
Church, 188, 189
Walcott (Mackenzie E. C.), on Basing-
stoke, 40, 41 ; on Christchurch, 62 ;
on St. Albans, 262-268
Wai ford, 202, 203
Walkerne, 215
Waller (L. A. B.), drawings by, 287
Wallington, treaty of, 7
Walnut-tree at Berkhampstead, 220
Waltham "Blacks," a gang of depre-
dators, II
Waltham Cross, 298-301
Walton (I.), on Bishop Sanderson, 315
Wansford Bridge, 308
Warblington, 3, 114-116
Ware, 211, 215
Wars of the Roses, events in, 211
Warton (T.), on Tyttenhanger, 261,
262
Watcombe, 12
Wathen (J.), on Aconbury, 163, 164;
on Burghope, 167, 168 ; on Dore,
168-171 ; on Kilpeck, 184, 185 ; on
Longtown, 195 ; on Longworth, 195,
196 ; on Marden, 196
Waverley Abbey, 26
Weever ( — ), on altar-tomb at Flam-
stead, 248
Wells, holy, in Herefordshire, 160, 165
Welwyn, 215
Weobly, 165
West, painting by, in Winchester
Cathedral, 121, 122, 125
Westmill, 301
Weyhill, 4
Wheat, cheapness of, in time of Henry
VI-, 215
Wheathampstead, 211, 301
Wheel Cross, copy of a, at Dewsbury
(Yorks), 200
Wherwell, 4, 116, 117
Whitborne, 163
White Cross, near Hereford, memorial
of market held at the time of the
Plague, 195
Wickham, 12, 28
Widemarsh, 161
Widley, 75
Wiffen (J. H.) on Broxbourne, 226, 228
Wigmore, 161, 203-205
{ Willingham House, seat of Bishops of
Lincoln, 316
Willis (Professor) on the architecture
of Winchester Cathedral, 16, 17
Wimmering, 75
i Winchester, 3, 6-9, 13, 15, 16, 25, 26,
117-150
Winchester Measure, origin of the, 12,
'3
Winnal, 19
Wolmer, manor of, 50
Wolvesey Castle, 25, 148-150
Wolves' heads, tribute of, imposed on
Welsh, 6
Wooden porch at Kilpeck, 186
Woodward (B. B.) on St. Bartholomew,
Hyde, Winchester, 132, 133
Woolmer Forest, 49
Wormbridge, 185
Wormley, 215
Wotton (Sir H.), friend of Sir I.
Walton, epitaph by, 228
Wren (Sir C.), architecture of, 120,
129
Wright (Paul) on Hinxworth, 250, 252 ;
on Westmill, 301
Wright (T.) on Therfield, 291
Wyatt (— ), architecture of, 128, 263;
reports on condition of St. Alban's
Abbey, 270
Wyton, 308
Yardleybury, 215
Yarmouth (Isle of Wight), 8
Yately, i5°-'53'
Yaxley, 321, 322
Yew-trees, at Dibdin, 4 ; at Ringwood,
98
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heavy debt for all that he has done for them as their guide, philosopher, and friend in his rambles
with them round St. Paul's." — Church Times.
Tastefully printed, in demy 8vo. , cloth, ics. 6d.
THE HISTORY OF HADDLESEY : Past and
Present. By Rev. J. N. WORSFOLD. With Notices of many neighbouring
Parishes and Townships, including Birken, Bmyton, Burn, Carlton, Cowick,
Drax, Eggboro, Keliington, Roal, Pontefract, Selby, Snaith, etc.
" Haddlesey is fortunate in its rector-historian, for Mr. Worsfold, with what must have been
infinite pains, has collected all the varied materials which in past centuries have given distinction
to his parish, and woven them into an attractive story. . . . The writing of a local history so full
of more than local interest could not have been an easy task, but Mr. Worsfold has accomplished
it with much success."— Yorkshire Herald*
In crown 8vo., bound in rough leather, 55. ; Fifty Large-Paper Copies, Roxburgh,
i2s. 6d. net.
CROM WELLS SOLDIERS BIBLE: Being a
Reprint in Facsimile of "The Soldier's Pocket Bible." Compiled by EDMUND
C'ALAMY, and issued for the use of the Commonweahh Army in 1643. With a
Biographical Introduction, and a Preface by Field-Marshal the Right Hon.
Viscount WOLSELEY, K. P., G.C. B.
"A remarkable literary curiosity." — Morning Leader.
In fcap. 8vo., antique cloth, 25. 6d.
THE PILGRIMS PROGRESS AS JOHN
HUNYAN WROTE IT: Being a Facsimile Reproduction of the First Edition,
published in 1678. With a Nsw Introduction by Dr. JOHN BKOWN, Author of
" Bunyan and his Times."
" A very great interest attaches to the first draft of an allegory which has world-wide fame, and
is likely never to be forgotten."- Globe.
In crown 8vo. , fully Illustrated, 6s.
TALES FROM SCOTT. By Sir EDWARD
SULLIVAN, Bart. With an Introduction by EDWARD DOWDEN, LL.D., Pro.'essor
of English Literature at the University of Dublin.
An attempt to do for Sir Walter Scott what Charles Lamb did for Shakespeare.
''The work could hatdly have been better done than it is by Sir Edward Sullivan. The
stories are told with much felicity of style and diction. The narrative flows easily and distinctly,
and the incidents are clearly followed." — Aberdeen Free Press.
ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON, E.G.
DA
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