Memoirs of the most renowned James Graham, marquis of Montrose

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"Vv.;; \..- ■ /

MEMOIRS

OF THE

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE»

" Le Comte de Montroa, EcOflSoiB^et ebef de la raaison de Gnluan,
le seal homme da monde qui m'ait jamau rapell^ Tid^ de oer-
taina heroa que Ton ne voit plua que dans lea Voea de Plutarque,
aToit aoOtenir le parti du Roi d'Angleterre dana aon pa&^ ayec
une grandeur d'ame qui n'eu avoit point de pareiDe en ce

Mhnoires du Cardinal de Betz.

Printed by Gcoiga Bamay & Co.

THfc: NEW YORK

r'T.LlC LIBRARY

A6T0K, LCMOK AND
TILCEN FOUMOAT'ONA.

r.i.g>^ hy vr.k- n.ij.». e^utr

3IARQFI8 OF Mo:N'TROS£.

rr rr'Bi.iBHJsv ur -nnc tsaji 1A46. iv rvz ra» fm* •loM or

ROBXRT «»B^HAJtf Btg* ADVOTATX.

MEMOIRS

or

THB MOST BBNOWNKD

JAMES GRAHAM,

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE.

TRANSLATED FROM TRK LATIN OW

THE REV. DR GEORGE WISHART,

AFTERWARDS BISHOP OF EDIN0DROH.

TO WHICH ARE ADOBP,
SUNDRY ORIGINAL LETTERS, NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.

EDINBURGH:

'HINTED FOR ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & Ca EDINBURGH ;
KGlf AN» HURST, RBBS, ORMB, & BROWN, PATERNOSTER. ROW.
AND HURST, ROBINSON, & CO«, 90, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON.

1819.

THE Nr:Vv YORK

PUBLIC LIBRARY

A8T0R. LENOX AND
TILO&N FO'j^OATiONt.

PREFACE.

As the last series of the Tales of My Laud*
lotd will probably call the attention of the
pid)lic towards the biography of the Mar-
quis of Montrose, it has been deemed ex-
pedient to republish this translation of
C Bishop Wishart's Memoirs, adding a few
Notes to those already subjoined, and in-
creasing tiie original Appendix with va-
^ rious interesting documents, some of which
?> are now for the first time printed.
;^ For these the Editors are indebted to the
>J liberality of the Honourable Mrs Stewart
^ Mackenzie, eldest «laughter and heiress
^ of die late Lord Seaforth, by whose per-
V misaioB such letters in the archives of her-

VI PREFACE.

noble family as were esteemed illustrative
of this volume are laid before the public
Those written by the Marquis of Montrose
are in a large hand, and bear seals withvar
rious devices. On one is a horse, on ano-
ther a lion, and on a third are two rocks,
with a chasm between, and a lion mounted
on one pinnacle, with this motto, — ^^ Nil
Medium.'*

Various other additions have been made
to the Appendix from printed sources;
and to the kindness of Robert Graham,
£sqo Advocate» the Editors are indebted
for the loap of a beautiful portrait of Moa-
trose, engraved by Matham, and prefixed
to the edition of Wishart's Memoirs, print*
ed in the year 1648. An accurate copy
forms a Frontispiece to this volume.

It only remains to subjoin the short
sketch of Wiahart's lifej as given by Bishop
Keith.

^ George Wisdieart, of the family of Lc^-
gy in Angus, was minister at North Leith,
and deposed anno 1688, for refiisiag to
take the Covenant Some coirespondenoe
having been afterwards discovered betwixt
him and the royalistsj he waa plundered of

all his goods oftener than once, and thrown
prisoner into the nastiest part of the Tol-
booth of Edinburgh, called the Thieves*
Hole ; being delivered thence, he went be-
yond sea, and accompanied the Marquis of
Montrose in foreign parts in quality of his
chaplain. Then, after the fidl of that il-
lustrious person, he became chaplain to
Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, sister to King
Charles I., with whom he came over into
England anno 1660, to visit her royal ne-
phew King CSiarles IL, after his MajetAy's
happy Restoration. Soon after which Mr
Wiseheart had tibe rectory of Newcastle*
upon--Tyne confisrred upon him» where he
was held in great veneration for his unspot-
ted loyalty. Upon the restoring of Epis-
copacy within Scotland, he was preferred to
the See of Edinburgh, into which he was
consecrated 1st June 1662» at St Andrews,
where he continued till death took him
away, anno 1671, and was buried in the
Abbdy church of Holyroodhouse, under a
magnificent tomb, with an inscription upon
iL^'-^Ctaalogue of ScottUh Bishops. Edin-
bur^9 1755.

EdMurgkyJuli/1819*

CONTENTS

FART I.

CHAP. I.— Tbb pieteDces of the covcnanteri ; their de»
ngns diicovisied by Mootroie ; they invade £ii^;laod,
and seise Mewcaetle.— «MontroeeXcomtpondeQce with
the king discloted; he formi an aisociation for the
king^— The hiog'i letters to Montrose intercepted»
whereupon he is imprisoned^i— A parliament held at
Edinhingh in 164I9 after which he is released» 21

CHAP. IL'— The behaviour of the covenanten in Eng-
land^—Montrose confers with the queen at Toffc ; is
supplanted by the Marquis of Uamiltoui whose advice
is loUowedi^The oovenanters call a convention at
Edinhurgh-^MontnMe's conference with Mr Bender-
son, horn wbom he learns the designs of the cev^

SI

CHAP. lU— Montrose goes to the king^ then at Glou-
cester ; his advice approved by the king.»-Measurea
ooneerted^— Assistance from Ireland promised by the
Earl of Antrim*— The Marquis of Hamilton and his
brother go up to court» and are disgraced^—Montrote
sets oat for Scothmd^ « • • 4t

CHAP. IV«^— Montrose's En^Ush soldiers mutiny and
desert— He takes the towns of J)iinifries and Carlisle.
—State of affiurs in Seothmd^— Seta out for Scothmd
in disguise ; arrires al 6riham of. Inchbndde*s house
in Perthshire» • • « • 55

^ CONTENTS.

Page
CHAP, v.— The Irish arrive in the Higblands.— Mon-
(rose meets them in Athole ; is joined by ihe Athole-
men, and by Lord Kilpont and Sir John Drummond ;
defeats the covenanters at Tippermoor» 67

CHAP. VI. — Montrose marches from Perth to Cupar
in Angus.^ — Lord Kilpont assassinated by Ardvorlich.
— ^Montrose is jotocki ky tke Bafl of Airly and his
two sons ; marches northwards ; defeats Lord Burleigh
at Aberdeen, • . . .82

CHAP. VII^^Montrose not supported by proper sup-
plies ; occasioned partly by the Marquis of Huntly ;
obliged to retire into Badetioch ; falls sick ; his sick-
aess affords great joy to the covenanters ; returns by a
circuit into the north country ; surprised by ArgyJ6
and Lothian at Fyvie Castle ; several hot skirmishes
ensue.— Makes a safe retreat to Balveny, 92

CHAP. Vllf— Mootroee marches into Argylesbixe;
hiyi waste and destroy» M tha^ country; marches
northwards ; is opposed by Seaforth ; returns, and de* .
feats Aigyle at Inverlochy. — Sir Thomas Ogilvy, son
ta the fikri of Airly, killed, . .105

CHAP. IX«— Montvose takes the tostn of Elgin ; is at*
tacked by Colonel Uny, who» he puis ta flight; of»
fen battle to Baittie and Ussy; deserted hy Lewis 6or«
do» and most of tbatcia»; ohUged on tiiat aocQuat to
retire north ; in his way he seises Dundee ; m^ket a .
surprising and safe retreat before the covenanters'
army, • •- ... 115

CHAP. X-— Montrose returns to Cntff; is attacked by
Baillie, but secMim hb rstrtat^roUows \]ny^ and.
obliges him to vetiie ta iKmrwmk^^Tim battle of.
Auldeme^ in whieh Urry ia defeated, 128

CHAP. XI.— Urry joined by BalUie.»^Thay provoke
Montrose to fight«-^He msjches south against Lord
lindsay ; deserted bj the Gordons) gaina the battle of . *
ANbrd.— The Lord Goidw» killed, • .139

Page
CHAP.XI]>-.llDiitra«eiiMHchttJoiilbmid; itctivwa
coDiidQnble reiittvoemeot Aon the Highlntidfc^^The
coToiaBlen kolda pariiameiit nt Vttth^^Thty nwxdi
out and attack him in hi» amp at Mclhven Wood.«^Hb
escapes them ; is joiaed by the Gordons and OgiWies;
maiches into Strnthenie» • . • 15S

CHAP. XIU<P^The Fife-aea lise u anas, and job the
coveaaDten.— Montrose noafches to Banross ; crosses
the Forth, aqd encamps as Kilsyth ; pursued by Bail-
lie's army, who attack him, imd are entirely routed al
Kilsyth, . . • .162

CHAP* XIV,^6reat «Iteoatioos in the kingdom uftm
the victory atKilsythr«*MoBtrose enters Glasgov ; is
j<»ned by several i the aobility ; seceives the s«rrsa«
der, of the city of Edinbuigh^The prisoners dis«
charged by the covenantexsii-^The peaco of ^e west.
country settled, . . . • 172

CHAP. XVU-The intopies of Boxbwgh,. Uumr, mvl >
Traquair.-r-The Highiandess desert^apd letum boaw^ ■
Montrose i^pointi^ caplain^geaecal and lieutenanU
governor of the kingdom; receivas the king's ordoi»
to march southward» and to join ThM|uair and Rox-
burgh, who deceive him, . .* 165

CHAP. XVL^Motttrose aaarchcs to Selkirk, where, by
the negligence of his scouts, he is surprised by General
Lesly I is overpowered and surrounded; but cuts his
way through the enemy with a few of his friends» and
retires into Athole to levy men, • • 19^

CHAP. XVII«— Montrose joined by four hundred
Athole-men«i<-%Accou&tt of the cruel hutcheiy of the
prisoners by the covenanters.F*-Huntly refuses to co-
operate with Montrose ; yet Aboyae joins him ; but
soon leaves him.— Montrose returns to Perthshire^*-
The death of Lord Napier, • . 208

CHAP. XVUI. — Montrose marches into Lennox. — Sir
WiUiam Bollock, Alexander Ogilvy, Sir Phibp Nisbet,
Cok^l O'KyaDy and Major Lachlan, put to death by

;di COKtTBNTg.

Pftge

the eovemmten.—- Montrow marches into Athole; *
again attempts a reconciliation with Huhtly, bat in
vain«-^He surprises him at last into an interview, at
which they concert th^lr future operatioaS| ' f 21

CHAP. XIX. — A party of Argyle's men break into
. Athole ; attacked and defeated by the A thole-men.—
The covenanters condemn several of their prisoners*
Lord Ogiivy etcapes.«»Colonel Nathaniel Gordon, Sir
Robert Spotiswood^ Andrew Guthry, and WiUiam
Murray, executed, , • 389

CHAP. XX. — Montrose solicited by hit army to execute
his prisoners in revenge of the death of his friends, but
refuses,— Hontly again disappoints him.— Montrose
lays siege to Inverness ; but is obliged to raise it, and
retires before Middletbn.— He endeavours to obtain a
conference with Huatly, which he shuns. — Huntly
takes in the city of Aberdeen, . .247

CHAP. XXI. — Montrose receives orders from the king
to disband his army ; demands a second order, which
IS sent him, with conditions for himself and his friends ;
whereupon he disbands his army— The covenanters
endeavour to ensare him^^e and his friends sail for
Norway, • . . ;; 259

PART II.

CHAP. I.— Montrose lands in Norway. — Sets out for
France.— The courtiers about the queen Endeavour to
prevent bis coming to courU^-The reasons of Lord
jermyn's opposition to him.— His advice to the queen.
—She is reconciled to the Presbyterians, « 273

CHAP. 11.^— Character of the Presbyterians ; of the In-
dependents.- The latter become the most powerful,
and seize the king.*— The Presbyterians apply to Scot*
land for absistance, — ^The Scots raise an army, and ap»
point the Duke of Hamilton general.«-Two factions
in Scotland, Hamilton's and Argyle's,

CHAP. in.^-The Duke of Hamilton marches his amy
( into England, joined by several of the English) defeat-

1

CONTENTS^ lull

Pig»

ed by Cromwell at Preston, and surrenders himself,-*
A new army raised in Scotland, and the command
given to the £arl of I^mark,— -He is joined by great
numbers of the iu>bility and gentry.-7-GenpraI Monro,
contrary to Lanark's intention, attacks and defeats Ar-
gyle at Stirling. — Lanark's loyalty sospected^^-At
length he concludes a dbhononmble peace with Ar-
gyle, . SOS

CHAP. I v.— Montrose leaves the queen's coart ; Coun-
tenanced by the entperor at Prague.-— Receives the
news of the king's murder; attends King Charles IL
at the Hague.— His advice opposed by Lanark and
Lauderdale.— The Duke of Hamilton beheaded, S2&

CHAP. v.— -The proclamation of the estates declaring
Charles IL King ol Scotland, brought to the Hague.»-
The Earl of Cassilis and other commissioners arrite
there—The Marquis of Iluntly beheaded.— The de-
mands of tfae estates presented to the king by their
commissioners.^— The opinion of the Scots peen con»
oeming them.— The king leaves theln^ and goes to
France, • • Sit

CHAP. VliF— Montrose prepares for a descent upon Scot*
land.— The state of that kingdom.^^-His disappoint-
ments^—He lands in Caithness^—Strachan, Lesly^ and
Holbum, sent against hiro.^ — He publishes his declara*
tion ; defeated by Strachan ; apprehended by the Laird
of Assinty and delivered to David Lesly, • 96i '

CHAP. VII. — The parliament eondemns Montrose In
his absence. — ^Their sentence against hinf.— Their treaU
ment of him when he arrived at Edinburgh.*— His speech
before the parliament.^ — His speech and behaviour at
hia execution, « • • • 88S '

CHAP, y III.-i^haracter of the Marquis of Montrow. «'
— Colonel Urry, Spotis^ood of Dairsie, Sir Franch •
Bay, and Colonel Sibbaldy all executed.i^Captain
Charteris, notwithstanding his complying with the mi»
nisUy to save his lifei i> Also pat to death^ • 406

XIV C0N1SNZ8.

APPENDIX.

Puge

No.L-»The jnanifesto of the Scots army when they
entered England in 1640, . . 415

II^^i^Two letters from the king to Montliose, anno 164/2^
thanking him for his good services, and desiring the
continuance of them^ • . 421

III— A letter from the qaeen to Montrose, assuring him
of her confidence and assistance, • 4M

I V...The king's commission to the Marquis of Montrose
to be lieutenant-go¥emor and general of all his ma-
jesty** forces in Scotland, • • • 424

V.^— A letter from the Marquis of Montrose to President
Spotiswood, • . • . 427

VI. — Sir Robert Spotiswood's letter to Lord Digby, wrote
by hiin before the battle of Philiphaugh, and found in
his pocket when he was made prisoner, • 428

VI!.~The:last speech of Sir Robert Spotiswood, intend-
ed to have been spoken by him at his execution, 480

VIIL— ^ir Robert Spotiswood's letter to the Marquis of
Montrose, wrote by him the day before his execution, 433

IX.— Three letters from the king, when he was with
the Scots army at Newcastle, to the Marquis of Mon-
trose, containhig his orders to the marquis for dis*
banding his forces, and going to France, 434

X.— »A letter from the king to the Marquis of Montrose,
congratulating him on bis safe arrival in the Low
Countries,afterdisbanding his army, and recommend-
ing him to the queen.«-A letter from the queen, thank-
ing him for his past services, • • 437

XL-^A letter from the queen to the marquis, encoung-
ing htm in the resolution of avenging the king's mur-
der, • • • . 439

XII«— Six letters from the archives of the family of
Seaforth, • . 440

XIII.^Two letters from Prince Rupert to Montrose, 445

XIV. — Commission from King Charles IL to the Mar*
qufs of Montrose, for settling the differences with the
town of' Hamburgh, and borrowing a sum of money
from the senate, . • • 445

XV.— A letter from King Charles II. to the ^larquis of

Page
Mootrosey encoaragiDg ^im in Ms prepftittions for
making a descent upon SeotlanKl| 447

No. XVI^^Aji addrevfirom the Committee of Estates In
Scotland to King Cbarles II. after the treaty at the
Hague had miscarried, . 448

XTIL— A letter from his majesty to the Committee of
£states, in answer <o theiv addi^ss, and appointing
their commissioners to meet and treat with him at
Breda, . • • 450

XVUI. — A letter firom his majesty to the Matquis of
Montrose, sent him with copies of the committee's ad«
dress, and his majesty's answer, and requinog him to
prosecute his design upon Scotland vigorously, 452

XIX. — Declaration of hb Excellency James Marquis of
Montrose, Earl of Kincardine, Lord Graham, Baron
of Montdieu, lieutenant-governor and captain- general,
for his majesty, of the kingdom of Scotland, ani)o
1649, .... 454

XX^^^The declaration and warning 6f the commission of
the General Assembly, unto all the members of this
kiik and kingdom, in answer to a paper intitled and re-
puted the Declaration of James Graham, • 45B

XXI ^A declaration of the Committee of Estates of the

parliament of Scotland, in vindication of their proceed-
ings, from the aspersions of a scandalous pamphlet,
published by that excommunicate traitor, James
Graham, under the title of a Declaration of James
Marquis of Montrose, • • • 464

XXII. — ^List of the prisoners taken and killed by Colo-
nel Strachan, when he defeated Montrose, publbhed
at Edinburgh a few days after the battle, • 491

XXIII ^The last speech of Colonel William Sibbald, in-

tended to have been spoken by him at his execution,
7th January l650, ... 492

XXIV— Verses wrote by the Marquis of Montrose upon
the murder of King Charles I. with Dr Wishart's Latin
translation, • - • . 495

XX v.. — A poem in praise of women by Montrose, 496

XX VI.»-Verses wrote by the Marquis of Montrose with
the point of a diamond upon the glass window of his
prison, after receiving his sentence«-«On false friends,
a poem by Montrose, • • • 503

Pige
No. XXVII— Extract from the Mercariiu CftMoniot, (fQ4

XXVIII A relation of the true faneials of the Great

Lord Marqtiis of Mootrose, hb Majesty's Lord High
Commissionery and Captain General of his forces in
Scotland. With that of the renowned knight Sir
William Hay of Delgity, « . 50$

Elogium tttmulo inscrihendum^ • 589

THE

PUBLISHERS' PREFACE

TO THIS TRANSLATION. •

T^H£ fint {mrt of the fbHowing Memoifs, or, as
the reverend author modestly entitles them, <* Hie
ComiDentery «f the Marquis ef Montrose's Wars
in Scotland/' came firat abroad, wfafle his actions
were yet but receiitty performed, and his unex-
pected defeat at Philiphaugh had not recovered
the world from the amaze and consternation which
the number and rapidity of his victories had oc-
caaoned. At this period, when loyalty and learn-
ing seemed to have taken their flight together
from Britain, nothing co«ld more seasonably have
occurred, to convince the world, that all her sons
were not equally involved in the same clonds of
rebellion and baiharism.

• " EdMbargh : Printed by W. Riiddiman jun.and Com-
paoj, fer A. Kincaid and A. Demddfloii, W.Gordon, and C
^Vrigfat, Sookaettert in Elubui^ ; and I^mt And. gtaHeer,
Bookseller in Glaagow. 1756."

A

2 THE publishers' PBEFACE.

As no person bad persisted with greater obsti-
nacy in opposition to the black designs of the cove-
nanters than this illustrious hero, or had, with
greater resolution and intrepidity, endeavoured to
support the royal authority against their audacious
efibrts to destroy it j so it was naturally to be ex-
pected, that none would be more the object of
their resentment, and the butt of their vindictive
rage. Accordingly, degradation of honour, se-
questration and exile, were the rewards of his
steady adherence to the service of his royal master.
But they did not rest here ; they attacked him in
a more tender part, and traduced him as devoid of
faith, virtue, and religion: his noblest actions
were represented as the highest crimes, and his
fairest victories branded with the name of inhuman
butcheries. In short, he was painted out as a
monster of vice, cruelty, and barbarity ; and the
powers of heaven, as well as earth, were invoked,
by their dire and ever ready ^iritual weapons of
excommunication, to avenge i^n Him the im-
magined wrongs done to these holy champions of
the Lord. To vindicate the character of the
Marquis from this unmerited load of detraction,
and to rectify the misconceived notions which
might from thence be entertained of him, now at
a time when he was obliged, by the express com-
mand of his sovereign, to lay down the rank of a
general, and take sanctuary among strangers and
foreigners, an outcast and exile from his native

THE publishers' PREFACE. 3

country, was a duty which Dr Wishart thought
incumbent upon him. The intimate connection
and familiarity with which the Marquis had ho-
noured him» gave him oj^iprtunities of being well
infonned of the most secret transactions; and
that, joined with the high esteem which his emi-
nent virtues justly challenged, prompted him to
undertake it.

The merit of this performance, if estimated firom
its success in the world, may be concluded tobe
very great ; for to it may, in a great measure, be
ascribed that regard and notice which was had of
Montrose, not only in France, where the pro-
scribed queen then held her thin-attended court,
and where it was first published, but likewise in
Germany, uid most of the northern courts of
Europe, which he soon after visited. That peculiar
elegance of expression, and animated description
with which it abounds, soon attracted the regard
<tf the world, and in a few years carried it through
.several impresaons both in France and Holland.
When they found the truth fmlj exposed, and
mankind <^n to its conviction, whereby their own
slanderous purposes were disappointed, the cove-
nanters were highly incensed, and their resentment
roused afresh against the author, who befi^re had
often and long experienced its full weight, from
their lawless and tyrannical exercise of ill acqmred
power. He was then at the Hague with his pa*
iron Montrose, where a great number of both

4 THE PUBLlSHBtti* PttEPACfi.

SfotB and EngKsh nolfiiity and gentry were at-»
tending the prinee^ AAiong the^» the emissaries
of tbe Soota covenanters were subtilly endeavour-»
btg to inrnnuate themselves ifito his favonr^ with a
view/ that» as their party had principally contri^
biited to destroy his royal father, they might now
thwart the designs and confound the counsels of
the son. To attain this end, it was necessary to
have those trusty counselioi^ and faithful servants,
who bad followed the fortunes of the late king,
removed from ^ut him^ and all possible address
Vras used to create in hifti a disgust of them*
Among tiiosei none was a greater eye-sore than
Montrose, and his chaplain had bis share of their
displeasure ; of which the noble historian of this
turbulent period gives the following remarkable
instance : *^ A learned and worthy Scotch divine,
X>r Wishart^ being appointed to- preach befbre the
king, they formally besought the king, * that he
would not suflfcr him to preach before him, nor to
come into his pi^esenoe, because he stood excom*
municated by the kirk of Scotland, for having re-
fused to tskb the covenant,' though it was known
that the true oiuse of the displeasure they had
gainst that divme was, that they knew he wm
. author of that excellent relation of the Lord Mon-
trose's actions in Scothind,-~wfaich made those
of fan Majesty's council full of iudignation at their
inscAence ; and his Majesty himself declared his
beiug o£feiided> by using the Manjuis of Montrose

with ti^ wore cwplmwc^, and be^riog tli^
Dpotor piwcb with the laor^ iitt«iitipn." "^

There is another iuftmoe of their h«tod4 mi
indigiEiatiQn «t this boekt ao Iws ridipuloiis ip its
paturie^ and mfire apt jbo .e»^ lau^ter, wore it
Aot /or t^e shoekiBg oa?wm w wbieh it tW9S /^Pir
plpy^} aA^r fii^y Jiml got Montroie intotb^
pon^, a94, » 'Ord^ to talu^ a ftdl rev^eoge for 41
4)e fear» and affprehepwoAs w^ifih bid rcpeitfed
suQcessep had occasioRad» had d6ten»i«ied to aggra-
mte tibte horror «of bia «e^^^ution, witii every car-
£iwi9taiic!e whieh kHgoAuity aoidd invent» or bmtal
^twit^ iip^iiA» a» an addiUwal indignity, they
^cm^ that this haoih together with his decUin^
tion^ should he bnng «bout hi» neck, thereby Tiunr
Ij iauigwiAg to put a period to the fame of his
^londVi ael^on^ and the dugrace of thoir own
oowardiee andi^any, as well aato jiis life. Their
impotent attempts to shake his constancy, Mon-
trose beheld with indignation, and with a great-
ness of soul answerable to his former conduct,
tdld them, ** That he reckoned the cord with the
books, now hung about his neck, a greater ho-
nour, and he embraced them mik greater joy,
than the golden chain and the garter, when firat
he was installed a knight of that noble order;**
Such was the estimation held by Montrose of this
performance ! which he thought effectual to blunt

• Clarendon's Hbt. Vol. IIL Book xi.

6 THE PDBLI8HEK8* PREFACE.

the edge of envious ceDsure and malicious de-
tractioni and to transmit the glory of his noble
achievements to latest posterity.*

That it came afterwards to be little known, at
least to be less noticed, may, in a great measure,
be attributed to the following cause. When Mon-
trose first undertook the arduous enterprise of re-
ducing the enormous anti>constitutionid power of
the covenanters, and restoring the king's authori-
ty to its ancient legal standard, he found they had
engrossed the whole strength of the nation in their
hands, tie entered upon the scene of action with-
out men, money, arms, ammunition, or any mfli-
tary preparation ; and during the whole time he
continued in the field, his condition in these re-
spects was little mended : his whole resources lay
in himself; being but faintly seconded, or not at
all, by those, from whom duty to their sovereign.

* *' Every attempt, which the insotence of the goveroiag
party had made to subdue his gallant spirit, had hitherto
proved fruitless ; they made jei one effort more, in this last
anfl melancholy scene, when all enmity arising from motive
merely human is commonly soflened and disarmed: the
executioner brought that book, which had been published io
«legant Latin, of his truly heroic actions, and tied it by a
cord aboot his neck. Montrose smiled at this new instance
of their malice ; he thanked them, however, for their officious
zeal, and said, that he bore this testimony of his bravery and
loyally with more pride than he had ever worn the garter.**-^
ffum€*t Hist, of England.

THE PUBUSHEES' PEEFACE. 7

gratitade to the most indulgent and beneficent
naster, or the strongest aamirances to himself,
gave him ground to expect a prompt and eflfectual
assistance. To do justice to his character, and to
convey a prop^ idea of his conduct and constancy,
it was necessary for his historian to relate the dif*
.ficulties he had to encounter, whether from the
open and atrocious deeds of his declared enemies,
or from the cowardice, envy, or perfidy of his pro-
fessed friends. That this display of the truth
should prove offisnsive to many, and create a strong
prejudice i^inst the book and its author, produc-
tive of the highest instances of malevolence, is not
surprising. Besides, many whose conduct during
these confiisicMis had been the most exceptionable,
having soon after, from a sense of the miseries
brought upon their native country by their wicked-
ness or folly, been highly instrumental in bringing
about the restoration of their exiled monarch, and
proving afterwards loyal and peaceable subjects,
and faithful servants to their king, it was no other
than good policy to draw a veil over their former
errors, and to remove everything which might cre-
ate an umbrage, or raise a suspicion of any diffi-
dence of their loyalty. Accordingly, though Dr
Wishart's performance went through several edi«
tions in foreign countries, in the years 1647> 1648,
and 1649, yet no attempt was ever made to reprint
it in Scotland.

In England a translation of it was undertaken.

and first puUMhed m tbeyemr 1647 ; but in a style
neither an^weiiable to the d^nity of tlie snhjjeefe^
nor the elegance of the origwal. Tfaehaqraage is
rotf^ and uncouth, like the times, and iq^peais n^
ther to be the work of a schoolboy, than of one
fit for such a task. The translator is fireqnently
mistaken in the sense of the anthw, and afaoaost
nerer right in the rendering of proper nancs.
With all these disadvanki^eSf however, it under*
went several impressions; an4» after Montrose's
death, was enlarged with the history of his txans-
actiona abroad, hia fatal descent t^N» Seotbmd,. and
his execution,* nnder the new title of ** M<wtro8B
Beuvivus, or, the Portraiture of James Marquis
of Montrose^ Earl of Kincardine, &e. in hia actions
for Charles J. and in his passions for Charlea IL
KingofScots,'*t

We have not been able to discover any ia^nea*
sion of it frooKthe Hestinration till the year 17^
when a new edition was again published, with a
translation of the second part» which had continued

* Th« accovot of MwiisotQ't evemtbii, pabibhed in tbi«
EttgUsb edition, is a very lame sjmI imperfect traBslalion of
the seventh chapter of the second part of these Memoirs, which
was published at the time under the title of *' A true and per«
feet relation of all tire passages concerning the examination,
trial, and d«ith> of the itaoei honourable James Marquis of
Monttoae.'» S$e.

f Printed at London, fur John Ridley, at the Caade In
Fleet Street, near Ram Alley, l$^e«

THB PUBUdHBM' PBKPAGS. 9

^ tb^D ia A£S8;, ifae go^ bidiop probably» for
the fmie$ above ae«lioiied, nevtr haying thougfal
fr0fw to produee it fo theivwl^ The first part
is litemUy the lame with the fbrrner EngliA e£-
tions^ ea^cepting a» to the proper names, most of
whidi are correeted. It must be allowed, that the
edkor baa dona more justice to the second part»
the traasUtioB of which is tolerable, but not such
as te mpersede the neoeosity of a new attempt*
Hie inadrerteney» howevw, is inexcuasble, having
often omitted aeatienGes» and sonetiBiea whole pa«
ni|^:aphs of the original MS&, thoogh they con*
taiBod yery important anecdotes ; sneh as that pa-
n^^pb which begins p. flS9» and r^esents the
kiBg^s condStien, while in die custody of the £ng«
liah aiwiy ; the half of ^t pacsgrai^ p. 337, con-
taining an account of the high honours paid by the
Marquis of Argyle to Cromwel, when he came to
Scotland, and of the private treaty concerted be-
twixt them for the king's destruction; and, to
mention no more, that on page 287, which dis-
plays the artifices employed by the covenanters to
obstruct Montrose^s measures, and render ineffec-
tual his applications to foreign princes for their
countenance and assistance to the exiled prince.

As to the merits of the present translation, the
publishers have not the arrc^ance to decide con-
cerning it. The beauty and elegance of such an
original is not easily, if at all, to be transfused into
^ translation ; yet here, they are sensible more of

10 THE publishers' PREFACE.

it might htTe been preserved by a more skiliul
hand. One thing at least they hope they have at-
tained, that it may be read without that satiety and
disgust which 4X>uldniot but attend the perusal of
the former trandation, as it necessarily must do
that of every literal translation from the Latin.

They cannot omit noticing the obligations which
Mr Adams, the last editor,"* has conferred upon the
world, by publishing those valuable papers contain-
ed in his appendix. Some of them which seemed
less material we have omitted, in order to make
room for others which we have adopted as more
important, and contributing more to throw light
upon the history, and upon the genius of the times ;
and they are now digested in the order of time
wherein the occurrences happened which occasion-
ed them.

* History of the Wars in Scotland, under the Marquis of
Montrose. 12mo. Edin. 1790.

THE

AUTHOR'S PREFACE,

PUBLISHED BT UIM AhOVG WITH THE FIRST PART
OF THE FOLLOWING MEMOIRS.

Thrrs are R.ftw thingt, of which it is proper to
inform the reader of the following Memoirs, where-
of acme relate to the Marquis of M^mtrose, whose
acttoDS in his own conntiy, for the space of two
years» are the sabjeet of them i and others respect
the author himself.

As to the Marquis, he is chief of that most an-
cient and eminent family of the Grahams in Scot-
land, in the old dialect of that country called
by the name of Graham-more, or the Great
Graham. He is descended of that Graham so
fiunous in the histories of this kingdom, who was
&ther-in-law to Feigns II. King of Scots, and was
the first who, in the reign of the same Fergus, at-
tacked and demolished the wall built by Severus
from the Frith of Forth to the mouth of the ri?er
Clyde, which is the narrowest part of Britain, and
was the utmost limits of the Roman empire, which
lie thereby confined within narrower bounds ; and
hence the remaining vestiges of this wall retain his

12 THE author's PBEFACE.

name to this day, and are called by the inhabitants
Graham's Dike. This same Graham, who was
the founder of this noble family, having survived
his son-in-law Fergus, was, on account of his great
abilities, both in a civil and a military capacity, ap-
pointed regent of the kjngdom» and governor to
his grandson during his minority ; and, after he
had restored the teachers of the Christian religion,
who had been banished by the late wars, and es-
tablished both the church and state by excellent
law», Jbo sfOBtaaeonsly xetjgiiAd the gorvenunent
mto the hmd» of hja gmadson when he cane ef
4gew He wm coMoMfmnry wkk ^ Emfmm
Arcaiimsmi Hattoritis, abont theyrar of ourLoid
400, and fmm him, dnon^ n long 4nid hoawr-
able descent, sprung this noble £unily,'wh6, by
iBftitatH<g tba vixt\»d$ ci their fimnier, have emi-
neotiy distiofn^isbed themsehres through sneoeed-
nfi ages* * Among dien deserves partiooiar no-
tice that valiant Gsdua, who, ftc^her with Dun-
har, hroi^ht weh a SMsanaMe relief to his OMn^
try, wben in danger of being «vemin by tiie
Danw» who wem abeady msBteeB4)f Engkmd, md
had often» to theur cost, riao aMemptod the cen-

* The first of this distinguished family on authentic record
is WHliam de Graham, who settled in Scotland during the
nsigD «f King Daiid 4he Firat, and became possessor of the
laadi of Abtfcotnwmi Dalkeith ; he witeeNtd tb^cbarler of
Dafid to the mooks of Holycoodhouse, 112S.

tm AtTHOA's natwACA IS

^^t ^f fiteodMd, with tcfiy {Kmeritd tnniat»
And in later tfaneSi tbat Mble J^ Gniham c«M
nMfafaig short 0f hh anMtton in honour and bra-
verf) wfaO) after the death of Akixmier IIL in
the intdrregnum while Bmco and Bdiol contend*
ed for Ae cromi, ivtth the aMstanee of that re»
nowtiedpMriot and viceroy Wflliam Wallaoe, bravely
assert^ hidoountry'd liberty against the unjust usur^
(Mition and tHclMd tyranny of Edward IIL of Eng«
land, knd ttfter many heroic actions, died in the field
of battle, fighting gallantly in its deftnoe. His tomb
IS yet to be seen in a tittle chapel, which takes the
name of Falkirk, or Valkirk, fFontm VaUiJ frtm
tiie befbre mentioned Gtaham - s Dflte^ near which
it elands, ind adjacent to it f^ Mar^is of Mon-
trose Mill enjoys very krge and {denti&l peases*
sions, descended to him from his ancestor the first
Graham.

^t, that I may not seem altogether to derive
the ndMUly of the extractioii of t>ur iUnstrious he«
ro ftom the obscure and uncertain traces of remote
antiquity/ I must net omit his grandfather, the
Eatl of Montrose^ who, almost m our own me-
naory, was advanced to jdaees of tbe highest ho-
nour afid trust, and dkcharged them with the
greabett applause. He was Chancellor of Scot-
laifiid 1^ the time King James VI. succeeded to
the crown of finghmd, and was afterwards created
his viceroy, or Lord High Oemnussioner, which

th THB AITTHOK's PRBFAC£«

liigh dignity he hate till his death» with the love
and affisction both of king and people.

His father, the late £arl, was a noblemaii re-
markable for his singular endowm^its both of bedy
and mind, and was no less fiimous abroad than at
home. After having performed many honourable
embassies for his master King James, he was ap-
pointed President of the Council by King Charles,
but was at length snatched off by an untimely fate
from the service of his country, to the great regret
of all good men.

As to the present Marquis, the descendant of
these two great men, his actions, during less than
two years, in which he has been employed in the
service of his sovereign, when he has yet hardly at*
tained the thirty-sixth year of his i^, give suffi-
cient ground to judge what may be expected of
him.

One thing I beg leave to add, worthy the read-
er's observation, which is, that there have been
three remarkable periods, which have almost prov-
ed ruinous to the kingdom q£ Scotland ; the first
was from the oppression of the Romans, whose
yoke our ancestors sho(^ off under the conduct of
the first Graham, who was descended of the noble
British family of the Fulgentii. The second was
from the Danes, who were prevented from extend*
ing their conquests over this part of the island by
the valour and prowess of the second Graham ;
and the third from the English and Normanfr

THE author's PBEFACE. 15

wboy after tbey had received several s^nal over«

tiaowSf were by the third Graham twice expefled

Scotland, so that what was ancieotly said of the

Scipios ia Afric» seems to be verified of this fa«

mily» that the name of Graham is destined to r&*

lieve their coostry when in the greatiest jeopardy

and danger} and it may be concluded to have been

not without the special direction of Providence,

that the present Marquis appeared ia these worst .

of times, in order to re-«8tablish the just rights and

pren^tives of his sovereign, preserve the peace

and liberty of his fellow subjects, and maintain the

ancient splendour and dignity of his house. This

much I thought necessary to premise concemii^

the Marquis of Montrose.

As to the author of thefle Memoirs, he professes
not to have been extremely conversant in such
kind of studies, and expects no honour or reputa*
tion on account of the brightness of his parts,
which he owns are very mean ; nor profit and ad-
vantage from his perfenpance, which are the chief
motives for most writers to appear in public. His
principal inducement to engage in this work was
solely a desire to propagate the truth among ot^r
nations, and to hand it down to posterity ; having
learned, by a late and lamentable experience, in a
similar case, that prosperous villany always finds
great numbers to countenance and support her,
while virtue in distress has but very few friends or
advocates. For when the confederates in botH

16 THE author's PRISFACE.

kifigdoms had, by liie «ttiae iiD|miis artifices of fies
and calamnies» overtarned the church, in atdet to
satiate their saorii^ieus avarice with its spofls, and
thereby entailed a curse upon their posterity, yet
were there not wanting many, who bestowed on
tiiem the hi^^iest praises on that account, as men
deserving highly of their country, of the church it-
self, and even of mankind in general ; white, at
the same time, they persecuted, with the utmost
Timlenoe, the righteous servants of God, the con-
fessors and martyrs of his holy faith, and loaded
them with calumny and reproach, because they op-
posed their impious designs : there was no room
to doubt, but the same persons who were practis-
ing the same artifices to render the royal authority
odious to the people, tiiat in the end they might
subvert it, and enjoy the reward of their treason
and perfidy in the possession of the royal honours
and pr^t^atives, would easily find great numbers,
who, animated by the like propensity to malice and
detraction^ would endeavour to asperse the charac-
ter of this excellent nobleman, and represent even
his most heme actions in the most odious colours ;
and, after having dressed up the genuine truth and
history of his tmnsactions in their own false and
perverted narration, ^e the wasps, which convert
into their native poison, by their envenomed touch,
the most fragrant and salubrious juices which they
collect from the odoriferous fiowers, would, to pr6-
mote their impious designs, dispense them under

^ ehamoterof 4mtW to -Am mmrnxj «r agnonot
fGople. To dbriate tUseifl was die prMetfri de-
mga af tW «utliflr» sb aifeiiiig liis dmrt and ibm^
fected aeoorat of them» as a proper md timdy an*
tidote, for the benefit of the sincere lovers of truth,
in the defence of which he has hitherto obstinately
persisted, and appeared an intrepid advocate, not-
withstanding (he load of hatred, malice, and perse-
cution, which he knew was on that account pre-
pared for him by wicked men ; yet he disdained to
flatter them, or in the least to palliate the truth,
by ambiguity of phrase or darkness of expression ;
for, having been bom and bred up in the prin-
ciples of liberty, he resolved to part with his life
and it at the same time. Although he does not
arrogate to himself the applause of being an emi-
nent historian, either on account of the beauty of
his composition, or the elegance of his style, yet
he thinks himself justly entitled to claim that of a
strict observer of truth : for the defence and pro-
pagation of which he has despised wliat are reckon*
ed the most dear and valuable things in this world,
having on that account been thrice plundered of
all his goods, — thrice undergone a severe and nau-
seous imprisonment,— -and is now, for the third
time, living in exile from his native country. A
con^iousness, however, of his own innocence and
integrity, and the satisfaction he feels in being
thought worthy of God to sujflfer so much in the
cause of truth and justice, supports him with joy

18 THE author's preface.

and tranquillity under this load of oppression.
. Therefore, candid reader, be pleased to pay. him at
least the regard due to his veracity, and take his
honest endeavours in good part. Farewell.

MEMOIRS

OF THE

MARQUIS OF MONTKOSR

PART I.

MoiraiiosE, hi» coutr/s f^oty and iU shame»
Who eqaall'd Caesar in all things but fame.
His hearty though not his country, was as great ;
Like him he fell, but by a nobler fate.
Montrose did Wl hb cwm^rj to reidress;
But Caesar, when he did just Rome oppress.
Duty on valour stamps a true renowA ;
Tis greater to support than wear a crown.

Sir G. Mackenzie.

MEMOIRS

Mr TM»

MARCKJIS OF MONTROSE.

CHAP. L

The pretencet of the eaoenantert ; their dH^^Ht dkeaeeted 6y
Memiroie; they imfode Snghmi, and setae Netoeestle^^
Mbniroe^s eorreipondehce nith the hing disohted; he
Jbrms an auodationjor the hingf^The king's letters to
Montrose intercepted^ whereupon he is imprisoned^-^A
parliament held at Edinburgh in 1641 , after whith he is
released.

Jameb Mab(Kji5 of MoKTBoss Iwd'hitbevtd aided
with t^ co'reiuaiters in Scotland^ md used his eoh
deavours rather too vigorously, and too successful^
ly, in dieir behalf. * Their speeic^s pretexts were

- ■ - — ^ " —

• Montrose was induced to join the covenanters by Lord
Rothes, one of the most dii^tinguished leaders of the faction.
Principal Baillie says, ** When the canniness of Rothes had
brought in Montrose to our party, his more than ordinary and
evil pride made him very hard to be guided. His first voyage

22 MEMOIRS OF THE

no less than the preservation of religion, the ho-
nour and dignity of the crown, the laws of the
land, and the freedom of this ancient kingdom ; —
which had been valiantly and happily defended
against its most powerful enemies, the Romans,
Saxons, Danes, and Normans, by the bravery of
our ancestors, at the expence of their blood and
lives. And whatever tales they framed to answer
their sinister purposes, they wanted not proper in-
struments always at hand to spread them among
the people. They alleged, that the chief design
of the court of England was to reduce this free na-
tion to the condition of a province, and subject it
to the yoke of its ancient enemies. In the mean*
time, by their manifestos and solemn appeals to
heaven, they vowed and declared, that they had
not the least intention, by force or arms, or other-
wise than by petitioning, to prevail with the king,
that he would be graciously pleased to yield to the
humble supplications of his subjects, and interpose
his authority to prevent the religion and liberty of
his dearest native country from being brought into
danger.

But at length, in the year 1639« Montrose dis*
covered, that these fine pretexts were calculated
merely to engage the affections of the ignorant

to Aberdeen made him swallow the certain hopes of a genera-
lissimo over all our armies. When that honour was pat on
T^sley, he incontinent began to deal with th^ing/*

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. fiS

and superstitious rabble, and to aUeaate th^oft from
the king, as aa enemy to religion and liberty. For
the covenanters did not hesitate frankly to declare
their sentiments to him, that Scotland had been
too long governed by kings ; that it would never
be well with them while one of the name of Stu-
art was alive ; and that, in order to extirpate that
family, they ought to begin at the king : so that
Montrose easily perceived, that his majesty's per-
son and royal authority were levelled at. Where-
fore, detesting such horrible wickedness, he resolv-
ed to abandon the covenanters, and, by disappoint*»
ing their designs, and weakexung their strength,
to contribute what lay in his power to preserve the
king and the royal authority safe and inviolate..
But, as the covenanters, what by force what by
fraud, had drawn over almost the whole n^ion to
their side, he judged himself alone too weak to
check their power ; and, therefore, thought it pro-
per not to declare his purpose too suddenly or too
rashly. He had manyfriends among them, who were
considerable both for their following^ and for their
wealth and authority ; these he resolved to detach
from the covenanters, and bring them over to the
king's side ; by this means he thought he might
gather a considerate body, both for promoting his
majesty's interest, and for his own preservation»

In the mean time, the covenanters had levied a
great army against the king ; and in a solemn con-
vention at Dunse, at which Montrose was not pre^

24 ]iCliCnitgOPl*HE

sent, they reaciffBd to inffade S^aid ; a measure
which the chief of the ceTenattters had determined
upen in their private eabris six weeks before ; and
m that view had been at pains ta publish and dis-
perse their mmifestes and deohuations through the
whole island, exhibiting the reasons of dieir expe-
dition, *

When Montrose returned to the army, as he
found he could not prevent their resolution, he
chose rather epenly to approve it. He himself
commanded in this army 2000 foot and 500 horse,
and his most intimate friends and dependents, who
had sdemidy engaged to him to en^loy their ser*
vices for the king^s interest, commanded 5000more;
and if the greatest part of these had not broke their
etigagements, he had either carried off the whole
army with him to the king, or, at least, had easily
disappointed the des^s of the covenanters. They
pitched their camp at the river Tweed, upon the
borders; and the princ^ officers having cast

* They published what may be called their manifesto^
under the title of Six cansideraiiens of the latofidnen of their
expediHoHf which see in the appendix. No. !• His majesty
having issued a proclamation declaring them reMi and trai*
tor$9 they poUijifaed another paper in their viadication, in«
tituled, The intentions qf the armtf of the kinffhm ^ Scei»
landt declared to their brethren of England by the comnns»
sioners of the late parliamenif and b^ the general^ noikmen^
barons^ and other officert of the army; which see in Rush*
worth's Collectt Yd. Ill, append, p. 2S3.

MA1HKII9 OF MOHTROSE. 85

lotfly k fell to MmitKMe's share first to cross the
m&tj vAAeh he exeeuted iaimediately on foot» at
the head of his om^ m&otrj, and with great readi*
oessi^ the better to eonceid his designs, and re-
move any suspieion ef him ; f^liis influence in the
army, and his frank honest disposition, were now so
intieh dreaded by l&ese conscious rebels, that they
kept a strict watch o^er all his motions, f

Then crossing the river Tyne, four miles above
Newcastle, they got possession of that place by the
treachery of the English generals, who retired to
York with the king's army, though it was very con-
sideraMe. Advances being made on both sides to-
wards a peace, » truce was in the mean time agreed
to. During this interva)^, Montrose had wrote
some letters to the king, which contained nothing
but expressions of his fidelity and duty to his ma*
jeaty, and his inclination to serve him. Some of
the gentlemen of the king's bed-chamber, in whom
he pkeed the most entire confidence, and who, not-
withsUmding, held a secret correspondence with
the covenanters, and furnished them with daily ad*
vice of the king's most secret councils, of which
they themselves were often either the advisers or

♦August 21, 1640.

i- ** The lot gave the van that day to Montrose, to whom, I
think, it was very welcome. He went on foot himself first
through^ and retained to encourage his men ; yet one of his
soldiers, and he only of all the army, did drown."— JS^fAVf
Zsetters.

S6 MEMOIRS OF THE

promoters, havii^ Atole these letters out of the
king'-s pocket in the night-time, transcribed them,
and sent them to the covenanters at Newcastle.^
The most forward of the party accused Montrose
very sharply concerning them ; and, though they
durst not make an open quarrel, or call him pub-
licly to account, because of his power and influence
in the army ; yet among the common people they
loaded him with calumny and reproach. For such
purposes they had many preachers through the
whole kingdom at their devotion, whose venal
tongues were employed to turn the people's minds
which way they pleased. And in general, nothing
contributed more, effectually to promote and spread
their rebellion, than the spiteful and virulent in-
vectives which those worthy pulpiteers were con-
stantly buzzing in the ears of their deluded admir-
ers, against the king and all his faithful subjects, as
the enemies of Christ ; for such was the canting
language of those demagogues, while they them-
selves were a scandal and reproach to the Christian
name.

After Montrose returned to Scotland, as his
whole attention was employed to avert, if possible^
the storm of rebellion which he saw impending, he

* The genU«rnan suspected by Montrosie was William Mur-
ray, nephew to lilr Robert Murray, provost, or minister of
Methven, through whom he corresponded with the covenant-
ers.—Gu^ArieV Memoirs f p. 117* But others ascribed this
piece of treachery to the Marquis of Hamilton.

MARQUIS OF HONTB08E. fTf

pie?ailed upon severals of the nobilitj and gentry
of the imit rank and influence, to join with him in
a bond or association for the defence oi his majes-
ty, and his ancient and lawful privil^es and pre-
rogatives, against all his enemies, foreign and do*
mestic, with their whole lives and fortunes, to the
utmost of their power. And he got matters to
bear so far, that there had certainly been an open
division in the army, whereby he might soon have
obtained his desire, had not some of the associators,
through timidity and want of resolution, qualities
incompatible with that secrecy and reserve necessaiy
in affiurs of the last importance, disclosed the whole
matter to the covenanters.* They made a very
great noise about it, but things were accommodat-
ed at that time ; for they were still so much aihdd
of Montrose's influence^ that they durst not as yet
decree any open severity against him.

But soon after, the covenanters having contrived
a new oath, in order to secure the obedience of the

* Tbu association was framed at Cumbernauld, the Earl of
Wigton's house, in July preceding ; and was at first subscribed
by the Earls of Montrose and Wigton, the Lords Fleming,
Boyd, and Almond. And afterwards Montrose drew to it the
Barls of Marischal, Mar, Athole, Kinghorn, Perth, Kelly,
Home, and Seaforth ; and the Lords Stormont, Erskine, Drum-
mond, Ker, Napier, and others. It was discovered to Argyle
by the Lord Almond ; and upon the bond being given up to
the Committee of Estates, and burnt by their order, the sub-
scribers were dismissed^— G«MnV5 Memoirs, p. 89*

28 irCMOCM W THE

army, and hsmag likewise eBtered inta a verf etose
league mth the parlianieiit of En^and» thMgh
they diouglbt themselves now snfficieBtly secure
against the pbts and intrigues a£ any private man,
yet they were still a£radd of Mentmse, whose aqnr*^
ing views ami enterprising genhis did not at all
aq^uare with their dark designs; and, thevefbre,
they thought it neeessary, by any means, to re*
move hin» out of the way*

For this wicked purpose an opportunity very
soon occurred. T%ey were informed by some of
the people about court, vdiom they had corrupted
by reward» and promises, that the king had sent
some letters to Montrose, and that they were sew*
ed up in the messenger^s saddle, whose name was
Stewart, a servant of iht Eari of Traquair. This
man had no sooner set his foot on Scots ground
than he was seised, and the letters found in his
saddle according to their information. These let-
ters contained noAdng which was unbecoming the
best of kings to command, or the best of subjects
to obey : nevertheless, these retailers of lies and
scandal made their own advantage of them, and set
their instruments at work, to alarm the country
with the most tragical accounts ; and that they had
at last made a discovery of the plot concerted be-
twixt the king and Montrose, for subverting reli-
gion, and reducing the country to a state of sla«
very : yet for all that they diirst not bring him to

UAmvm CW MOHTftOSE. £9

tt open trial y but having qpprghended him when
be kad bo siufxicion of their deagn, tqgether with
the Lord Ni^ier of Merchkton, and Sir George
Stkting of Keir, both of them his relations and
most intimate friends, they imprisoned them in the
castle of Edinbui^h,

A peace being at last concluded betwixt the two
nations, though in effect there had been no war
betwixt them, but what they had mutually agreed
to wage against their most just and gracious sove-
reign, a parliament was held at Edinburgh, *
where the king himself was present. Montrose
earnestly desired to be tried before the^king and
parliament ; but to no purpose ; for the covenant-
ers» conscious of his innocence and of their own
guilt, resolved to detain him in prison till such
time as the king should leave Scotland, and that
they had prevailed on him to grant them every
thing they wanted in parliament ; for they were
afraid, had they set him at liberty, that, by his
wisdom and courage, and the great influence he
had both with the nobility and the commons, he
might have persuaded great numbers to be of the
same sentiments with himself, for the safety and
preservation of the king and the royal authority ;
and accordingly they made an order in parliament,
that he should not be allowed to go into the king's

♦July 15, 1641.

so MEMOIRS OF THE

presence. But after the king was returned to
England, he and the other gentlemen, his felloW'*
prisoners, were set at liberty ; upon which he went
to his own house, and remained there some time.
This was towards the end of the year 1641.

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 81

CHAP. n.

The behaviour of the covenanters in England. — Monirote
confer t x»ith the queen at York ; is supplanted by the Mar*
quis of Hamilton^ whose advice isJbllotoed.^^The caoenani"
ers coil a convention at Edinburgh, — Montrose's confer^
ence tvith Mr Henderson,from tuAom he learns the designs
of the covenanters*

IN the year 1649, the covenanters in both king*
doms began to lay aside the mask, and to carry
their matters abore board. The rebels in England
vexed the king with their unjust and unreasonable
petitions and complaints ; they loaded him with
reproach, and abused his royal name in their bal-
lads, and scurrilous libels and pasquils ; yea, they
went so far as to incite and spirit up the common
people to mob him in his own palace, and even to
use threatenings against him. He might very just-
ly by his own authority have punished these scan-
dalous and tumultuous proceedings, but he chose
rather to refer them to the parliament, thinking by
that means to melt them down to submission and
obedience : but it was to no purpose for him to
confer obligations upon such an ungrateful set of
men j for they themselves were the authors and
abettors of all those insolent tumults, notwithstand-
ing he had most graciously bestowed numberless

92 M£MdlB8 OP TBS

favours upon them ; and bad yielded more for the
ease of their pretended grievancesy and the secu-
rity of the subject, than all the kings of England^
from the time of William the Conqueror, had done
before him. Ther^re at hist, much contrary to
his inclination, he was iorced te retire ftxun Lon-
don for the safety of himself and family : for the
queen's greater security he sent her to Holland ;
and he himself came down to York. The states
of parliament, as they called themselves, immedi-
ately thereupon took up arms ; and these very
fwoes which his majesty had raised for the relief
of Irelandt and were in readiness for that expedi-
tion, they now tuxwed against the king hhnself ;
having before had the address do procure the offi*
cers aU of their own naming.

The rebels in Soodandt who knew well that the
king had a suffici^oit strengtii to overpower the £ng«-
liah, resolved not to be wanting in assistance to
dieir brethren in England, now when they stood
in need of it ; and though the kii^ m the late
parliam^it at Edinburgh had mostgpacioiisly given
them full satisfaction in every thing they oould
desire, which they declared in their puUic acts, *

* Tilt Earl of Loudon» in name of the nob»lit^, mid Sir
Thomas Hop« junior, in name of the gentry, made co^gratula.
tory speeches to his majesty, for giving them full satisfaction
in every thing concerning religion and liberty, so that noto a
contented king toasto depart from a contented country ^^^Guth,
Mfcm* p* 106*

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. SS

yet they now resolved to carry on a war against
him in England. But that they might provide
for the security of affairs at home, they again en-
deavoured all they could to draw Montrose over
to their side, as he was the only person of whom
they were afraid. They offered to make him lieu-
tenant-general of their army, and to do for him
whatever else he should demand that was in their
power : but he rejected all their ofiers ; and per-
ceiving that the storm would inevitably soon burst
out, he set out for England to acquaint the king of
the state of affidrs, so that he might in due time
be provided against it, taking with him only the
Lord Qgiivy as his companion and confident.

When he came to Newcastle, he got account that
the queen was returned from Holland, and had
just landed at Burlington in Yorkshire. * He
went directly to her, and informed her how mat^
ters stood ; but as she was fatigued with her voy-
age, having had a very stormy passage, she told
him, that she would consult these matters deliber-
ately when they came to York. Accordingly, af-
ter they came there, she sent for him, and he again
laid every thing before her majesty at full length,
and showed her that there was as much danger to
be apprehended from the Scots covenanters as from
the English, if they were nottimeously suppressed.

♦ End of February 1643.
C

3if MEMOIRS OF THE

Being asked, what, in this case, he would advise to
be done ? He answered, that it was proper to ce-
pel force by force ; that the king wanted not many
faithful and valiant subjects in Scotland, who had
wealth, power, and courage, and were ready to
withstand the covenanters, should they have the
hardiness to enterprise any thing against the king ;
that the only thing they wanted was a warrant
from his majesty, without which they would at«
tempt nothing ; but, if they were once clothed
with his authority, this would so inspirit them,
that there was nothing they would not venture up-
on for his service ; that the only risk was in a de-
lay, for that the covenanters, had they once got an
army on foot, would then have it in their power to
suppress any after-rising upon the very first mo-
tions ; that it was, therefore, necessary to check so
great an evil in the bud, for that it was too late to
administer medicines when the disease had infect^*
ed the whole body.

This was a wholesome and seasonable advice,
and the queen would undoubtedly have embraced
It, had not her mind been altered by the Mar-
quis of Hamilton, wlio came from Scotland on
a pretence only to pay his respects to the queen,
and to congratulate her majesty upon her safe re«
turn, though, in fact, he had come up with the
knowledge and consent of the covenanters, merely
to thwart Montrose's counsels. He did not, in-
deed, deny but there was some danger from the

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 95

coi^^ninters, but he endeavdured to extentiate it $
and condenned M<^ntrose's adVice as rash, iinpru-
dent, and imseaionaUe. That stout and waiiike
nation, he said, was not to be reduced by ibrce of
arms, but by gentleness and good treatment ; war,
a civii war especially, ought to be the last remedy,
as even the conqueror had often reason to repent
it ; that, at any rate, tiie fortune of war was un-
certain ;•— diat though the king should ^et the
better, it would prove but a very sorry triumph
cfver his own siAjects ;«— and that, should he be de-
feat, lie might expect such treatment as shocked
him even to name ; that, therefor^ all means pes*
sible should be tried to preserve peace with Scot-
land ; and things were not yet come to that pass,
that he desired of biringing i^ut a peace, and
reconciling die nation to the king ; and that, in
ihovt, be himself would undertake to bring it
about, if his nu^esty would intrust him, and au-
dunrixe him as his commissioner for that effect.
Montrose replied. That this advice could imswer
no manner of purpose, but to spin out the time till
the covenanters ^ould raise an arkny, and thereby
deprive the king of all opportunity of defending
himself and his friends from their oppression $ and
this opinion was but too well justified by the me-
lancholy turn that affairs took afterwards. How-
ever, Montrose, who was not such a thorough
courtier, and as yet not well known to the queen,
Uiough his excellent qualities were already admir^

36 MEMOIRS OF THE

ed by all the rest of the nation, was forced to sub*
mit ; and the Duke of Hamilton, having thus ob«
tained a kind of victory, returned to Scotland, and
in appearance seemed extremely active in promot-
ing the king's affiurs.

In the mean time the covenanters, by their own
authority, called a convention of the estates to be
held at Edinburgh, * though contrary to the ex*
press laws of the kingdom, t All the intelligent
men of the nation, who wished well to the king,
were convinced that this would prove destructive
to his afl&irs, and, therefore, resolved to absent
themselves from it, lest, by their presence, they
might seem to acknowledge it as a lawful conven*
tion. But the Marquis of Hamilton wrote circu-
lar letters, inviting them all in the king's name to
attend the convention, for that he did not doubt
but they would have the majority of votes on their
side, providing they were not backward to come
and assist his majesty at this juncture ; and if they
should happen to be outvoted, that he and his
friends were resolved to protest against their pro-
ceedings, and leave them directly. Most of the
nobility, excepting Montrose, and the few who
adhered to him, came up to the convention, being
enticed by Hamilton's using the king's name, and

• June 22, 1643.

t Ihis was done by the advice of Sir Thomas Hope, the
king's advocate, a virulent covenanter.

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 87

encouraged by the hopes which he gave them.

The marquis thereupon employed his friends to

solicit Montrose, that, as he loved and honoured

the king, he would likewise attend the convention.

Montrose, who justly suspected Hamilton's con«

duct, returned for answer, that he was ready to

grapple with any difficulty at his desire, as his ma^

jesty's commissioner ; but on this condition, that

tlie marquis should engage his honour, that, if

they could not obtain just and reasonable terms

from the convention, he should endeavour to ob'

tain them by force of arms. To this the marquis re«

plied, That he was resolved in that case to protest

against them, but that he would not fight. This

reply made Montrose resolve to lie by, and keep

his hands clean, and therefore he remained at home

to wait the event.

When the convention met, the covenanters had
a majority of about seventy votes. In the course of
their proceedings, they trampled upon the king's
authority, and arrogated to themselves the exercise
of his prerogative, in calling parliaments, levying ar-
mies, entering into alliances with foreign princes,
and several other things, which till now were never
done but by the king himself, or by his consent.
But what crowned all, they decreed to raise a
powerful army for the assistance of their brethren»
the covenanters in England, against the king, and
to defray this expence, they imposed much higher
taxes and subsidies upon the people, than had been

38 UEMOIK8 OF THE

done for a course of 3000 years, by a successkm of
an hundred and nine monarchs» even in their
greatest straits, though all that they had levied were
put together in one sum.

Montrose saw, with great concern, that the king
would be ruined even by his own authority ; but,
as he found himself alone too weak to 0{^>os^ %h^
united strength of the covenanters, and the king's
express commands, he kept his mind to himself.
The covenanters, on the other hand, imagining he
might pos»bly be disobliged with the king on ac-
count of the repulse he had got at York, and that
the M|u*quis of Hamilton had been preferred tc|
kim, thought it now a proper time to make an-«
other attempt to draw him over to their side, either
by entreaties or promises. They offered him both
money and power, and that he should have the
highest offices, both dvil and military, conferred
upon him. He seemed as if he did not altogether
dislike their proposal, in order that he might the
more easily pry into their des^s ; but he pretend-
ed to have some scruples ; and, in ordjer to satisfy
these, and improve this promising appearance^ they
sent to him Mr Alexander Henderson, that gceat
apostle of their covenant. Montrose wanted ex«
tremely to have a CQUversation with Mr Hender-
son, as he expected to pump out of him all the se«
crets of the covenanters ; but lest a private meet-
ing might give offence to the king's friends, he
vesoived to take along with him the Lords Napier

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. SQ

and Ogihy, Sir George StirKog of Keir, and some
others of the king's side, to be witnesses to the
conference ; and, accordingly, they all met upon
the banks of the river Forth, not far from Stirihng.
Montrose prc^essed himself very happy in the
visit of a man of Mr Henderson's character, npoft
whose fidelity, honesty, and prudence, he could
rely, even in the weightiest matters. He told hia
that he had lived at home for some time past, in
order to remove those jealoosies that had been con«-
ceived against him by his enemies, on account of
some late differences *, that, by this means, he was
quite ignorant of what had been done in the con-
vention, and was at a loss how to ad in so ticklish
a state of affiurs ; and therefore begged of him to
inform him freely and ingenuously what they de-
8%ned to do. Henderson thinking, by these ex-
pressions, that he actually inclined to the eovenant-
eiSf and that he might thereby oblige Montrose^
told him plainly, that they were resolved to raise a
powei^ful army for the assistance of tfadr brethren
in England against the king's forces; vaA that the
covenanters in both kingdoms had unanimously re-
eolved either to die or to liring the king to their
terms ; that nothing was more earnestly wished
for, or would bo more acceptable to the nation in
general, than that he should join with the rest of
the nobility, and the other states of the kingdom,
to promote, so good an end ; and that it would re-
dound much both to his profit and honour y for

4U MEMOIRS OF THE

that the few, if there were any, who yet respected
the empty shadow of royalty, would immediate-
ly follow his example, and come over to the co«
venanters ; and that, for his own part, he would
return his roost hearty thanks to God for vouch-
saving to make him the instrument and mediator
of so great a work. He therefore earnestly en*
treated him to speak out his mind, and to entrust
to his care and diligence what he would have the
convention do either for his profit or honour ; for
he was sure he had nothing to do, but to ask and
have.

Montrose having thus got information of their
real designs, which was all he wanted, studied now
how he might keep them yet a while in suspense
as to his resolutions. He foresaw, that, should he
immediately declare himself theur enemy, it would
be of no service to the king, and might prove de-
structive to himself. On the other hand, his gene-
rous mind disdained to encourage their hopes, or to
promise what he was resolved not to perform. He
fell, therefore, upon this method : Sir James Rol-
lock, a gentleman of an opulent and ancient fami-
ly, had come along vrjth Mr Henderson to this
conference. Sir James had formerly married Mon-
trose's sister, and, after her death, he had married
a sister of the Marquis of Argyle, who was in a
manner the head of the covenanters ; thus being
equally allied to both of them, he seemed to be a
very fit mediator of friendship betwixt them. Mon«

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 41

trofle asked him, whether the oflfers they now made
him were authorized by the convention, or had pro-
ceeded merely from themselves ? Sir James answer-
ed» That he imagined Mr Henderson had orders
from the convention for what he said ; but Hen-
derson denied that he had any such authority ; on-
ly, he said, that he made no question but the con-
vention would make good what he promised. Mon-
trose had thereupon said, he could come to no con-
clusion, without having the public faith to rely
upon, especially as the messengers disagreed be-
twixt themselves. Whereupon they mutually
blamed one another, as commonly happens in such
cases, when really their own carelessness and ne-
glect only was in fault. Thus the conference con-
cluded, by which Montrose got the information he
wanted, and they returned as wise as they came»
to ^ve an account of their success.

43 MEMOIRS OF THE

CHAP. III.

MimtroK goe$ to the king^ then at Ghueeater ; hii advice aju
jprovcd bji tht king.'^-'-Measures ctmcerted.^-'AsmtaaceJrom
Ifteland promised bj^the Efirl of Antrim. — The Marquis of
Hamilton and his brother go up to court, and are disgra*
ced*-^ Montrose sets out for Scotland.

The Marquis of Montrose, returning from this
conference, related all that passed to some of his
select friends, in whom he principally confided ;
and at the same time entreated them to go all to-
gether with him in a body to the king, whereby
they would gain the greater credit, and, by in-
forming him more fully of the state of affairs,
might prevail on him to take more sahitary mea-
sures, and thereby, if possible, ward off the storm
which he now saw impending.

Most of them were very backward in the mat-
ter : they were of opinion, that the king and his
authority were already utterly ruined ; and that
it was impossible to reduce the kingdom to its pro-
per obedience ; for their own parts, they said they
had sufficiently acquitted themselves before God,
the world, and their own consciences, by persist-
ing hitherto in their fidelity and allegiance, even
with the loss of their reputations, and the hazard
of their lives and fortunes \ that for the future they

Mi^aQOIS OF MONTaOSE. iS

were irescilTed to have no further concern in these
ci?il cominotions, but to live quietly at home» and
offer up their prayers to God Almighty for better
times.

Montrose, who, notwithstanding all discourage-
ments» and thou^ thus disaj^inted by his friends^
eould not be diverted from his honouraible pur-
poses, conuBranicated his design to Lord Ogilvy»
with whom he had always lived in the strictest
friendship, and set out straight for Oxford. When
he came there, the king was gone down to the
siege of Gloucester ; however, he informed the
queen what the covenanters were designing against
his majesty, but his labour was lost, for such was
her confidence in the HamiHons, and preposses-
sion in their favour, that she would believe no
information but what came from them.

When Montrose found he could do no good
with the queen, he went down to Gloucester, and
informed the king himself of what he knew, that
there was a very strong army to be raised in Scot-
land, and that the day was already appointed when
they were to march into Englwid. He told his
majesty by what means he came to know tbeir
designs, and that the highest post in the army had
been offered him, as a bait to bring him over to
their side ; but, as he detested their cause, he had
rejected their ofifers, and came off immediately to
inform his majesty, that if he could not provide a
sufficient remedy for the evil, he might, at least.

44 MEMOIRS OF THE

have time to consider of some means to retard their
designs, till his affiurs in England were settled :
that the rebels in either kingdom might be easily
dealt with separately ; but if they had once joined
their forces, it would then be a matter of very great
difficulty ; that there were many people in Scot-
land, who were ready to sacrifice every thing for
their king ; but if the covenanters had once raised an
army, the loyalty of these would be of little service
to his cause, and would prove destructive to them-
selves. He insisted, therefore, that it was proper
quickly to check the forward spirit of the cove-
nanters, and to break their forces before they
came to a head, lest, by neglecting them at the
first, there might be reason to regret it when too
late. These things Montrose constantly pressed
home upon the king, but in vain ; for he had to
struggle not only with that entire confidence
which the king reposed in the Hamiltons, but
with a set of abandoned courtiers, whose con-
stant theme was Montrose's youth, rashness, and
ambition, and his hatred and envy of the Kamil-
tons, of whose integrity, fidelity, discretion, and
power, they on the contrary spoke in very high
terms.

By these means, Montrose's endeavours were
to no purpose. The king returned to Oxford for
his winter-quarters ; and though, by the frequent
reports which came to him of the Scots army, he
perceived, that Montrose had told him nothing

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. i5

but truth ; yet he was firmly determined not to
give bis Scots subjects the smallest ground of com-
plaint, unless they entered England. He had
resolTed religiously to observe the treaty lately
made with them, and if they should break it, he
doubted not but they would answer sufficiently for
it, both'to God and himself.

Such was the situation of a&irs at Oxford*
In the mean time, the covenanters in Scotland got
every thing carried on there according to their
mind, without any opposition. They had raised
a very considerable army, which consisted of
18,000 foot and 2000 horse, and was already ad*
vanced as far as the borders.

The Hamiltons now at last thought fit to ad-
vertise the king of the approach of this army. In
the letters which they wrote upon this occasion,
they endeavoured to excuse their own conduct ;
and allied, that, according to their engagements
to his majesty, they had been at no small pains to
prevent this invasion during the summer, but that
it was not in their power to prevent it now, that
winter was come on : however, they promised,
that without fail they should immediately follow
them with a superior army. When the king
found himself thus grossly abused by the Hamil-
tons, he at length called for Montrose, and having
showed him the letters he had received from the
Hamiltons, now wheii it was too late, he earnestly
asked his advice what should be done ? Montrose

46 MEMOIRS OF THE

embraced that opportunity to convince his majesty^
that the advices he had formerly given him pro-
ceeded neither from ambition nor avarice» nor
from any hatred or envy he entertained against
the family of Hamilton» but solely from his duty
and allegiance to his majesty ; that now for twelve
months and more, he had been constantly adver-
tising both his majesty and his royal consort of
the certainty of this storm, and reckoned himself
very unhappy, that his fidelity obtained no credit
with so good a master. His aifiiirs seemed now»
he said, to be brought to a desperate pass, which
might easily have been prevented, had not his
majesty relied upon such persons as, under colour
of his authority, had bound up the hands of some,
and under a pretence of his interest, led on otheni
to such measures as had naturally at last produced
a rebellion, and who now, in the end, though
they had got an army at their command, had not-
withstanding ^yielded every thing to the rebels
without the stroke of a sword. The king was
sensibly touched with Montrose's expostulation»
and confessed that he now perceived he had been
shamefully betrayed by those whom he had trust*
ed with his crown and honour, his life and secrets }
and insisted most earnestly with him for his advice*
Montrose answered, That though matters seemed
to be in a very lamentable state, yet, if it pleased
his majesty, he promised either to reduce the
rebels to obedience, of which he did not yet alto-

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 47

gedier despair, or lose his life in the attempt*
The king, not a little encouraged with Montrose's
oonfidenee and courage in that desperate state <^
affiiirs, desired him to take two days to consider
deliberately what was proper to be done; and
dismissed him for that time.

He returned to the king at the time appointed,
and laid before him what a difficult task he waa
about to undertake ; that all Scotland was at the
command of the covenanters ; that they had gar«-
risoned all the places of strength, and were abun-
dantly supplied with men, money, arms, ammuni-
tion, provisions, and every thing requisite for car-
rying on a war ; and that besides, the rebels in
England were joined with them in a very close
league, to defend one another against all the world ;
but for his own part, he had neither men, arms,
nor money, nor any thing which could create
a good opinion of his enterprise, or hopes of
success, at his first taking the field» Yet, not*
withstanding all these discouragements, he would
not distrust God's assistance in a righteous cause ;
and if it pleased his majesty to lay his commands
upon him for that purpose, his affairs should be in
no worse case than they were, whatever malicci
envy, or danger he himself might undergo for his
attachment to his majesty's interest, providing he
could grant him a few demands. At first, it seem*
ed very necessary for the success of his affitirs, that
he should order some men to be sent from Ireland,

48 MEMOIRS OF THE

and landed in the west parts of Scotland. Second-
ly, That he should order the Marquis of New-
castle, who then commanded that part of the king's
forces which lay nearest to Scotland, to furnish
Montrose with a party of horse to enter the south
of Scotland, and by their assistance convey himself
into the heart of the kingdom. Thirdly, That, if
possible, he should obtain from the King of Den-
mark some troops of German horse. And, lastly.
That a quantity of arms should be provided some-
where from abroad, and transported into Scotland.
Nothing more, he said, was wanting on their part
but industry and attention ; the success depended
upon God, and was to be left to his providence.
The king approved his advice, and thanked him
that he did not yet despair of success.

The king immediately sent for the Earl of An-
trim, and communicated to him that part of Mon-
trose's advice, as to the Irish auxiliaries. Antrim
is of Scots extract, and descended from the noble
and ancient family of the Macdonalds. He was a
man of great estate and power in Ireland, and al-
lied to some of the nobility of the first rank in
England, having married the Duchess Dowager of
Buckingham ; but having been driven out of his
own country, he lived at that time at Oxford. He
very readidly undertook to procure the number of
Irish required ; and at the same time engaged him-
self voluntarily to Montrose, that he should land
himself in Argyleshire, which lies opposite to the

north of Ireland, with ten thonttBd meOi byAm
Irt of April 1644. This happened in the Decent
ber preceding*

Ab to the jfiveign aids, and a store of amu, the
king dispatched Sir John Cochran, his ambassa-
dor, with Im commission and instructions to pro-
cure tiiem* The ordera to the Marquis of New^
csstle were delivered to some of Montrose's own
company ; and Montrose himself havia^ reeeived
the king's letters and oonunisaon to he Isentenant-
gOTemor of SeotUnd, and cowmander-in-chief of
the king's forces there,* was preparing fw his jour-
ney, when news was unexpectedly brought, that
the Didie of Hamilton, and hia brother the Earl
of Lanark, were on their road to Ox&rd. In 4xr-
der to procure the easier access to the king, who
had hitherto been aiw^s led by thefar advice, and
to recover t^e fomer good opinion he had conceiv-
ed of them, they gave out all along on their jour»

* Out nnrereod amhor is probably here mistaken, in say*
ing Montrose wa^ at this time made commaiider.ia-chjef ; for
other writers say, that he declined the chief command to pre-
vent any envy or jealousy from the other nobility, and con*
tented himself with being named lieutenaat-general under
prince Maurice» the Icing's nephew, whom he desired should
be named general , or commander-in-chief. And accordingly
we find, that our author afterwards takes notice, ch. xv. that
his commission of commander-in-chief was brought him by
President Spotiswood, after the victory of Kilsyth, and deliver-
ed him at BothwelK Montrose was at this time also dignified
with the title of Marquis*

D

50 IfEMOIM OF THE

ney through England, that, for their attachment
to the king, they had been banished Scotland by
the covenanters ; that their estates were plunder-
ed, and they had with difficulty escaped with their
lives. Montrose and his partizans immediately
perceived that these reports were altogether false,
and calculated merely to cover the suspicions of
their late guilt ; for, trusting to the favour and es-
teem wherein they formerly stood with the king,
and to the powerful faction in court which was
addicted to them, they made no doubt of attaining
the same degree of favour, could they but find ad*
mission into the king's presence. Their only pur-
pose of coming to court was, if possible, to disap-
point Montrose's designs, and thereby to extin-
guish that little spark of loyalty which yet remain-
ed in Scotland. Montrose was sensible of this,
and frankly begged of his majesty, that if he was
' again to restore these to his favour and confidence,
who had already deceived him so often, he would
allow him liberty to go abroad, and push his for-
tune in some foreign country ; for he would never
stand by and see his country ruined ; not that he
desired his majesty to use any severity towards
them ; only he entreated him to take care that
they might not be suffered to perplex his affiurs
any more.

Notwithstanding, the king was, with much ado,
prevailed on at their arrival * to forbid them the

• December 16 J 64S.

MARQUIS OP MONTROSE. 51

court ; and after all, he allowed the Earl of La-
nark to stay within the city; but he immediately
left Oxford, and went to London, where he ad-
dressed himself to the English parliament ; after
that he went down to the army of the Scots cove-
nanters, which had now entered England, and from
that time forth devoted himself entirely to their
^rvice. Lanark's escape struck the king so much,
that he now saw it was high time to confine his
brother, the duke, to prison. *

There were several Scotsmen, both at court and
in the army, who were suspected, and not without
reason, of inclining to the covenanters, and of hav*
ing perfidiously discovered to them the king's se-
cret counsels. In order to bring these to the
test, Montrose fell on the fbllbwing contrivance :
He caused draw up a declaration, which, by the
king's order, all the Scots that were there, and who
would be esteemed loyal and dutiful subjects, were
to subscribe ; they professed thereby an abhorrence
of the designs of the covenanters; particularly
they condemned their bringing an army into Eng-
land against the king, as contrary to the laws of the
land, and an act of high treason ; and solemnly
promised to do their utmost endeavour to bring
such as were guilty of it to justice, though with the

risk of their lives and fortunes. This declaration

-

^ The duke, whose patent as such had passed the seals
tiro months before, was imprisoned in Pendennis Castle^

52 MEMOIRS OF TUB

was teadily subscribed by all men of bonour and
bonesty ; yet there were two, who, of all Scots-
men^ after the Hamittons, were most trusted by
the king^ the Earl of Traquair, and William Mur-
i^y» A gentleman of the bed-chamber, * who, with
very great difficulty, and partly through fear of dis-
cov^ing their own treacherous hearts, were at last
induced to subscribe it ; and they further promis*
ed, upon oath, to meet Montrose in Scotland, with
some assistance, against a obtain day } but in this
they afterwards broke their oaths most unworthily.

After this, Montrose set out from Oxford for
Scotland* But he was no sooner gone, than the
friends of the Hamiltons, and other perfidious
courtiers, began to represent him as a vain, ambi-
tious young man, and that he had undertaken a
thing which wis impossible ; and» in order to
frighten any who should incUne to assist in so
noUe an enteiprise, they extolled the forces and
strength of the covenanters most immoderately»
and concluded, that no g^ could possibly be ex-
pected from Montrose.

Montrose, as he was conscious he did not merit
such calumnious treatment, despised it with a be-
coming greatness of soul, and would not, on that

* This Murray, ope of the worst characters of that perfi-
dious age, finally obtained from bis injured master a patent
creating him Earl of Dysart, but it nerer passed the seals.
He was father of the celebrated Duchess of Lauderdale.

MASqiDIS OF liONTBOSE. 53

wtoomnif desiat ftom tlie prasecution of liis enter-
prise. He cme first to York» and from thence to
DiifliflDi» where he sent off die king^s mstruetioBS
to the ManpiiB of Neveaitle, and next day they
met and conferred. Newcastle told him there was
a scareky of erery thing in hk army ; that, during
the winter, the Seels had unexpectedly brdLO in
Vfon him» and spoiled his recruiting, and that they
y^ere now ^partering witUn five miles of his camp,
much aoperior to him in nnmbers ; and, in short,
that he could not part with any of his horse, with-
out die mamfisst haaard of the whole army. Mon-
trose ui^ed, on the other hand, that netlnng coeld
eoiitr3>nte more to the success of the wu>, than to
send a part of his hone, in which he was pretty
strong, with him into Scotland; os he would
thereby either divert, or, at least, divide the ene-
my, and, by carrying heme die war to their own
cmintry, force them to return to defend themselves*
Newcastle courteously replied, that so soon as he
was free from the present danger, he should be
wanting in nothing to assist Montrose ; which, as
he was a person of so much honour and loyalty, he
would undoubtedly have performed, had he conti-
nued long^ in the command in these parts, and
been but once sensible of Montrose's integrity and
honour. In the mean time, all the assistance he
could aflbrd him, in the present strait, was only an
hundred horse, and these very lean and ill appoint-

54« MEMOIRS OP TH£

ed, and two small brass field-pieces ; * nvhieh was
not the general's fault, but occasioned by some
men's sinistrous views* He further sent orders to
theking's officers, and ciq[»tains of the militia in Cum*
berland and Westmoreland, to attend Montrose
with their companies when he was to set out for
ScotUmd, and give him what assistance they could»
Accordingly, when he was on his road to Carlisle,
he was met by the Cumberland and Northumber-
land militia, to the number of eight hundred foot»
and three troops of horse, who, in obedience to
Newcastle's orders, were to follow him into Scot*
land. He him^lf had two hundred horse, most
of (hem noblemen and gentlemen, who had served
as officers either in Germany, France, or England»
With this sm^ll army, and that not over trusty, he
entered Scotland, on the 13th of April 1644, and
made the greater expedition, lest he should disap-
point the Earl of Antrim at the time concerted be-
twixt them.

* The Duche88 of Newcastle, in the Memoin of her hu8<»
band'» h*fe, asserts, that he gave 1^00 horse and dragoons to
Montrose, '* though he stood most in need of a supply him.
self, and thought every day to encounter the Scottish army.'*

3IABQUI8 or MONTROSE. 55

CHAP. IV.

Montrose s Ef^Usk soldiers mutiny and desert.^-^He takes in
the towns of Dumfries and Carlisle.^State of affairs in
SoatUmd^^Sets wU for Scotland in disguise; arrives at
Graham oflnchbraUe^s house in Perthshire.

Montrose having entered Scotland, and advan-
ced the length of the river of Annan, a mutiny
arose among his English soldiers, upon some pro-
vocation given them by Richard Graham's servants,
and they immediately left him, and went back to
England. Nevertheless, he marched forward to
Dumfries with his own men, which was surrender-
ed to him by the inhabitants. . He waited here
some days in expectation of the Earl of Antrim
and his Irish auxiliaries ; but the time which he
had fixed being now long elapsed, and there being
neither any notice from him, nor report of his land-
ing in Scotland, and the covenanters every where
overspreading the country in considerable bodies,
he found himself in danger of being surprised by
them, if be did not speedily shift his quarters : he
therefore returned to Carlisle, where he arrived
safely with his troops. *

* Sir James Turner, in his MS. Memoirs, mentions an in-
vitation sent at this time to Montrose to occupy Stirling

50 IfBMOTBS W THE

Oi

When he found that he could neither procuie
any succours from England, nor saw any prospect

and Perth, '< Meane while my Lt-Colonell (a brother of
the Lord Stnchur) and I bad sererall consultations with my
Lord Brskine, my Lord Napier, tins Master of Napier, the
Master of Maddertic, and Laif d of Keir, all of tbeui ?ene loy-
all persons, with whom we coadnded it was fit to sand two,
one from them, and another from us, to Montrose, who was
then in the border, to invite him to come to Stirline, where he
sould find castle, toune, and regiment at his devotion, and
St Johnston likewise. And, least he might think we meant
not honestlie, in regard there had been no good understanding
between him and my Lord Sinclafe formerlie, his neece, the
Ladie Keir, sent him a well-known token with Haria Stewart,
who was Um man we sent; and this he receaved. The mes-
senger they sent was young Balkch Drummondy then very
loyall, whatever he was afterwards. I beleeve he got not to
him ; hot Montrose having a little too sone entered Scotland,
and met with a rasle near Dumfries, and upon it retired to
England ; it seems he thought it not sale with so inconsider*
able troops to haaard so far as to Stirltne, perhaps not giving
full trust to our promise, and most because the committee had
appointed a second levie, which then was farre advanced, un-
der the command of the Earl of Callander, who, with the
deepest oathes, even wishing the Supper of our Lord to turne
to his damnation, which he was to take next Sunday, if ever
he souM engadge under them, or with these covenanters, had
persoaded me in his oaue bouse of Callander, and upon a
Lord's day too, that he would faithfullie serve the king. I
say, by Montrose his neglect, and Callander's perfidie, was
lost the fiiirest occasion that could be wished to do the king
service; for, if that levie had been supprest, as very soon it
would, and Montrose have corned to Stirline and joynd with

MARQUIS OP MOMTBOSE. A7

«f speedy asiistaiice fiom abroed ; when lie had
loit all hope of the Irish auxiliaries, and» besides^
had the mortification to hear that the Earl of Cal-
lander had raised a new army in Scotland to
strengthen General Lesly, who, along with the
English eorenanters, had by this time laid si^e
to York ; he, neaolTing not to be altogether inac»
tive, determined to join the king's forces which
were in Northmnberhind and Durham. This re*
solution proved neither unprofitable to them nor
dishonourable to himself; for he immediately drove
a garrison of the covenanters out of the town of
Morpeth, and took the castle ; he gave the pillage
to Ills English soldiers, and dismissed the garrison
upon their giving their parole that they should
never more draw a sword against the king.

His next attempt was upon a fort at the mouth
of the river Tyne, which the covenanters some
time before had taken firom an English garrison ;

•ur two regiments, a« easilie be might, he wold with the a««
sistaoce of Huntlie in the north, and these Irish, who soone
after came over from Antrim, have reduced Scotland, without
bloodshed, to their dutie and obediaace, or ebe the Scots ar-
mie beene forced to have left England, and marched home to
oppose us ; upon whose retreate it is more than probable most
of England wold have embraced the knig's interest; the re-
putation of the Scots armie at that time keeping up the Eng-
lish paHiament*s interest; hot the tnauspitious fate and dis-
astrous destinie of the incomparablie good king wold not have
it to be so."

58 MEMOIRS OP THE

this he likewise took, and sent the prisoners into
Scotland, upon the same conditions as he did those
he had taken at Morpeth ; and then supplied New«
castle plentifully with com from Alnwick, and
other places thereabouts. After this success he
received letters from Prince Rupert, Count Pala^
tine of the Rhine, who was then marching up to
raise the siege of York, desiring him to come to
his assistance: he obeyed the summons with all
expedition ; but for all the dispatch he made, he
did not come up with the prince till he was
upon his retreat from York, the day after that un*
fortunate battle. * The prince at first frankly of«*
fered him a thousand horse to carry with him in-
to Scotland ; but some of the people about the
prince, who had too much influence with him,
made him alter this resolution ; in so much, that
the very day afler he had made that offer, Mon-
trose could not prevail with him to give him a
single horse, t

Montrose, though thus disappointed at all quar-
ters from which he expected any assistance, yet
never lost his courage ; and returning to Carlisle
with these few, but trusty and valiant, companions

* This battle of Marsion-moor was fou({ht the 2d of July
1644.

f Prince Rupert is represented by Sir Philip Warwick, and
other historians, as having been exceedingly harsh in manners,
*^ answering every proposal he did not like with a pish.'*

HARQUI80F MONTROSE. 59

who Stuck by him^ he dUpatehod ifrom thence the
Lord Qfi^lvy aod Sir William RoUock in di^iae»
that they might escape the eaemy» to go into the
heart of Scotland, and learn the aituataeii of affiun
there. They returned in about fourteen days»
and brought an account that ail was lost in Scot-
land; that the whole passes» towns, and forts»
were in the hands of the covenanters ; and that
they did not find any person who daied to speak
with any tolerable reverence or affection of his
majesty. Struck with these melancholy accounts»
many of those who had hitherto adhered firmly to
Montrose, begun now to cast about how they
might best provide for their own safety. What
contributed not a little to stagger them in their
resolution was the intrigues of the £arl of Tra*
quair, who, forgetting all the vows and impreca*
tions he had made before the king» undertook, in
name of the covenanters, not only for an indemni-
ty, but for rewards and preferments to all who
should desert the king's cause and join them;
as if he had been all the while an agent for the
covenanters» and not for the king» as he pretend-
ed : yet this very man stood highest in the king's
favour, and was more trusted than any other per«
son, excepting the Uamiltons.

Montrose upon this called his friends together»
to advise with them what was proper to be done
in, this miserable conjuncture. Some were of opi-
nion that he should go to Oxford» and inform his

60 HEMOTRS OP THE

majesty that his afiairs in Scotland were past re-
covery ; that the Earl of Antrim had not come
with his Irish auxiliaries as he promised, and that
there was no reason to expect them ; that little or
no assistance had been got from the English ; and
as to any supply either of men or arms from a-
broad, he had not so much as heard a word of it ;
so that it was none of his fault, that the business
committed to him had not met with better success.
Others again advised him to return his commis-
sion to the king, with letters of excuse ; and that
he himself, in the mean time, should go abroad,
till a more favourable opportunity of his being ser-
viceable to his king and country should cast up :
but all of them agreed, that nothing further should
be attempted at that time. Montrose's generous
and undaunted spirit represented the matter to
him in a very different light : he conceived him-
self bound never to forsake his dearest lord and
king, though reduced to the lowest ebb of fortune;
that he ought never to despair in so just a cause ;
and if he should enterprise something beyond the
reach of common apprehension, he was sure it
would be interjH^ted to his own honour, and might
poflsibiy redound to the king's interest : for as it
was uncertain whether the king's fortune, at that
time so cross, might not, t^ a more iavourable turn
<yf Providence, be disposed at length to smile upon
him; this, however, beheld for certain, that, should
he fall in the attempt, he would at least die ho*

4

MARaUlS or M0NTB08E. 6l

Bourably, and his death would bo lamented by all
good menu

Upon these motives he lesdved privately with
himself what conduct he would pursue } and re-
commending himself and his suecess to the care
and protection of Almighty God» he afterwards
performed such exploits, without men, without
moneyi and without arms» which, as they were an
admiration to us who were present, and eye and
ear witnesses of them, so they may very properly
be the objects of emulation and imitation to the
greatest generals in succeedii^ ages. What these
were will appear in the course of this history.

Montrose thereupon delivered over to Lord
Ogilvy those few gentlemen who had remained
constant in their fidelity to him, in order to convey
them to the king ; and as he had all along-commu*
nicated his counsels to him, he likewise made him
privy to his present resolutions, and charged him
to entreat the king to hasten the supply, if not of
meui at least of arms from abroad. He acoom«
panied them two days journey on the road ; but
at length withdrew privately, leaving his horses»
servants, and ba^^age behind him, and returned to
Carlisle with all expedition. Hb company, not
suspecting his departure, as they had Lord Ogilvy
and his other most intimate friends still along with
them» continued their march to Oxford ; but they
never reached that length ; for the most of them,
particularly Lord Ogilvy himself, John Innesi who

62 MEMOIRS OP TU£

^tas colonel of a regiment of horsci Henry Gneme
his own brother, a very promising young man,
James, John, and Alexander Chivies, Patrick
Melvil, and several others, all gentlemen of great
bravery, and particularly esteemed by Montrose, *
fell into the enemy's hands, and endured a long
and nasty imprisonment, until they were set at li-
, berty by Montrose himself the next year, and af-
terwards proved of eminent service to him.

When he came to Carlisle, he imparted his de-
sign to the Earl of Aboyne, that he, whose assist-
ance might afterwards be very necessary to him in
the prosecution of it, might not have the least
cause to complain, that an affiur of such import-
ance was gone about without his participation and
advice ; but, at the same time, being afraid of the
fickleness and inconstancy of that young noble-
man, he did not incline to take him along with
him on so hazardous a journey ; and, therefore»
easily prevailed on him to remain at Carlisle, till
he should hear what success he had- in Scotland,
by which time it might be more seasonaUe for him
to return into the country.

Being now prepared for his journey, he made
choice of only two men for his companions and
guides, Sir William Rollock, a gentleman of ap-
proved honour, and remarkable both for his know-
ledge and courage, and one Sibbald, who was much

Among these was Dr Wishart himself, our reverend author.

4

aiASQUIS W MONTROSE. 69

lespetied by Montrose for the report of his valoar,
but who afterwards deserted him in his difficulties.
Montrose disguised himself as a groom, and pass-
ed for Sibbald's servant; he rode upon a lean,
jaded horse, and led another in his hand, and in
this equipage proceeded to the borders, where he
found all the ordinary and safe passes carefully
guarded by the enemy. But two accidents befell
him which gave him mnch greater concern ; for
not far from the border, he fell in by chance with
a servant of Sir Richard 6raham*8, who, taking
them to be some of the covenanters, and of Les-
lie's army, who were often patrolling thereabouts,
he told them very frankly and confidently, that his
master was in very good terms with the covenant*
ers, and had undertaken to be their spy, and give
them intelligence of every one who came that way,
whom he suspected to be of the king's side ; an
office which appeared to Montrose the more shame*
ful and inexcusable, that he had always entertain-
ed a very good opinion of Sir Richard, and that
his migesty, out of his own favour and mistaken
bounty, had raised him from the very dun^ill to
the honour of knighthood, and an estate which was
the envy of his neighbours. They had not long,
parted with this man, when they met a soldier, a
Scotsman, who had served under the Marquis of
Newcastle in England. He, passing by the other
two gentlemen, came up directly to Montrose, and
saluted him by his name. Montrose endeavoured

64f AIEMOIR8 OF THE

to wave the compliment» and refused that he
the person ; but the soldier was positive, and with
k voice and countenance full of humility and Autfp
cried out, *' Do not I know my Lord Marquis of
Montrose well enough ? But go your way, and God
be with you." When he saw that the soldier
knew him, and that it was in vain to conceal him-
self from him any longer, he gave him some money
and left him ; and the man proved very faithful,
and never discovered his having passed that way.

These things alarmed Montrose prodigiously»
and made him push forward, if possible, to antici-
pate any accounts there could be of his journey*
He did not spare his horses, or draw bridle, till
after four days travel, he came to the house of
Patrick Graham of Inchbrakie, his cousin, not far
from the river Tay, on that side of the shire qf
Perth which lies next the Highlands.* Inebbrakie
was descended of the noble family of Montrose,
and as he was endowed with qualities worthy of
his descent, the marquis, very deservedly, had a
great confidence in him. He staid there for
some days, passing his time through the night in
a little obscure cottage, and in the day time in the
neighbouring mountains alone; for he had dis«

* This was not the house of Inchbrakie, which lies within
a mile of the river Eani, and ten miles from the Tay; bal
the house of Tillibelton, which tlien belonged to that family,
and lies among the hills near the river Tay.—GttM. Mem.
p. 161.

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. G5

pstdied his fellow-travellers. Sir Wiliiam Rollock
snd Mr Sibbald, to his friends to get intelligence»
and bring him an exact account of the state of the
kingdom.

After spending some days in procuring infor-
mation, they returned with very tragical accounts
of the situation of the country ; that all the honest
and loyal part of the nation was oppressed by the
tyranny of the rebels ; and of those who had at-
tempted to preserve their liberty by taking arms,
some were put to death, others grievously fined,
and severals lay in prison, and daily expected to
suffer the worst their enemies could do ; that the
Marquis of Huntly had very precipitantly taken
up arms, but had yielded at the first summons of
the enemy, though he had a very considerable
body of men, who only wanted a fit commander ;
that, in consequence of this, his friends and follow-
ers were exposed to the implacable malice and re-
venge of their enemies, and that he himself had
fled to the uttermost comer of the island, where
he lay concealed. * Montrose was exceedingly af-
fected with these news, especially with Huntly's
bad conduct, and the ruin of the Gordons ; and
not without reason, for the gentlemen of the name
of Gordon were remarkable for their loyalty and
valour, and therefore the more to be pitied, being

• He retired to Lord Reay's house in Strathnaver.
E

66 ȣM Ons OP VBB

libni QpjanmA mk for any fiMrft of their oMU
Hoii0ver^ ke began to eonfiider if lie night bo*
|m«il up^n Aen to join with kimaelC aad try
their fortune again under another general, ia he»
Utfof thokiBg.

«LAsqint or MaRnuME. ^

CHAP. V.

Thi Irkh arrive in the Highlands^i^^Montrtm meets them tH
Athok $ — ii joined hy the Aihole^men, — and by Lard Kil»
pont and Sir John Drummond ; — defeats the covenanters
ai Tippermoor.

In the iMtti tittle^ a report preraiied mumg tbe
flkepberdfi m the bills, that a body of Irish had
landed m Ae iknrth of Scotland, and was march-
ioj^ fhrottgh the Highlands; Montrose thought
thiB uot imlfllely, aa^ that it mi^t be some part
•f the Irish auxiliaries, which the Earl of Antrim
had engaged to send hitt four months before.
However, he oould conclude nothing certain about
ily tffl^ he received letters from some of the High-
ItaaA geMlemen, his intimate friends ; particulariy
from Alexander Macdonald, to whom Antrim had
givoH the eemmaad of this small body of Irish.
These letters they had sent to one of their friends,
who was of the same sentiments with themselves,
in wder, if possible, to be transmitted by him to
Carliale, where they imagined Montrose still was.
Xhis gentleman, who su^ected nothing of Mon-
trose's return to Scotland, though he Kved in the
ii«ghboiirhood of Inchbrakie's house, by a lucky
accident acquainted Mr Grafaam of these letters.

68 JffEMOlES OF THE

and very readily took the charge of them» and pro«
mised to have them faithfully delivered into
Montrose's own hands, though he should ride to
Carlisle with them himself; and thus» by a very
singular direction of Providence, they came to his
hand much sooner than possibly could have been
expected» He returned his answer as if he had
heen still at Carlisle, and desired them to keep up
their spirits, for they should not be long without a
seasonable reinforcement, and a general at their
head; and at the same time ordered them» with all
expedition, to fall down into Athole. He choee
thia countiy for the place of his first rendezvoua ;
because, l)^sides the obligations which the Athole*
men lay under to himself, he entertained » high
esteem for them on account of their extraordinary
and constant fidelity and loyalty to his miyesty»
and their remarkable courage and bravery; so that
be reckoned himself sure of them; and, indeed»
they continued to deserve his good <4iini<»i, even
to the conclusion of the war.

The Irish, and a very few iSoots Highlanders^
who were almost all from fiadenoch» so soon as
they had received Montrose's orders, marched di-
rectly down to Atliole. As he was not then distant
from them above twenty miles, he set out on foot in
a Highland dress, accompanied only with his cousin
Patrick Graham, as his guide, and joined them so
unexpectedly, that the Irish could hardly be per-
suaded the man whom they saw was the Marquis of

10

MARdUIS OF MONTROSE* 69

liCantnMe ; till^behig nhiteiKiy the Athde-men and
others» who knevr him perfectly well» and almost
paid )iim the honours of a guardian angel» they
were convinced to their very great joy. He came
to theijQ in the nick of time» for they were in the
most imminent danger. Ajgyle was in thieir rear
with a strong and regular army ; the low country
was all in arms» waiting their coming down into the
plains» and in such numbers as would have trode
them down with their horses: the vessels that
brought them oyer had been burnt by Argyle, to
prevent their escape : the Athole-men» and even
others that ftivoured the king's cause, refused to
join in any enterprise with or for them» as they
wpre strangers» and apparently had come without
any authority from the king j besides» they if ere
not commanded by any person of a noble or an*
cient family» a thing much respected by the High*
landers ; and they would not fight under the com-
mand of Alexander Macdonald» whom they con-
sidered as an upstart ; * ap4 ^^^^ ^W^^ number

* Some curious details coDcerning the Mac^onalds, duriog
their last transactions in Scu^and» are contained in the follow-
ing extract from Sir James Turner'? Memoirs :— ^* Sbortlie
after, Lieut»-General Lesley having reduced the north to
the obedience of the Committee of Estetes, by taking all
Huntley's bouses, and chaceing himselfe and his party to his
Hieland shelters, n^arched south, being to goe into Kintire.
I met him at DumbUiine, where lies the late Marquis of
«Aurgile and Major GeDerall Holbarney who easilie persuaded me

70 W Slums OF TPE

tfu w«piiiid«nUe» wt bdng abovp t levm Inm-
dwd« tboNgh ten tkoiMnd was prcmussd.

to accept of the adjutant-generars office in the armie, then
Yacaot; for, iodeed, I thought itdueUe to fight against these
neiiy who first had deierted their Generall Montrosse, as E.
AMoe and Sir Alasler MacdMiaid iMtd done wbea he stood
JDOit ID need of tbeoip which maiolie had occasioi^l hit ine*
pamble losse at Philipshauch, and oixt» had absolutlie refusd
to lay down armes at the king's oune command, carried to
them by Sir James Lesley. I was necessitated to stay for
•oroe fasggAge a day or tuo, and thereafter met the armie at
Iniierraniy^ Argaie's chiefe house ; from theace we marched t^
Kintire, which is a penioeuU, both before aad«( the e^trte of i^
th^ne weresachadvantagfss of groand, that our foot for moan-
tainet and marshes^ could never have draune vp one hundreth
in a bodie, nor our horse above three in breast, which, if Sir
Alaster had prepossessd with these thousand or 1200 heave
footy which he had with him, I think he might have routed
jii, at least, we sould not hare enterd Kiotire hot by a niFacle*
Bot he was ordaind for destruction, for by a speedie march,
we made ourselves masters of these difficult passes, and got
into a phine countrey, where no sooner he saw our horse ad*
vancc, but with little or no fighting he retird, and if the lieut,-
gfueral's foot had been with him, to have given the enemic a
shot or two, which would have disorderd him, I bdeeve none
of them had escaped from our horse, Alaster, like a foole,
(for no sojor he was, thogh stout enough,) put In 300 of his
best men in a house on the top of a hill called Dunaverttie,
environed with a stone wall, where there was not a drop of
water, but what fell from the clouds. Then leaveing Kintire^
he went to Yla, where he played just such another mad prank,
leaveing hit old father, commonlie called Coll Kettoch, with
neere SCO men b a cattle called Dunueveg, where was n^

HASttDIB «P MOMTROSE. 71

Ik terf nest «by Ae AthokB-tten, tolihe na^
ber «f aght Iwiiidiied^ put tliemsriv«i in «bib» mi

«Ater either faot wlwt the heayens «ffonM. Tke wtt «f hit mmx
he carried to IreJaad, (ane exceMeni geneml-augor,) mbm9
he was k'lWd ia a batteU fought by thitoe wMi whoat he jmd
BgmU toy Lord Taffp, now £arl <tf Cwlmgibfd. We ba-
seegd Dunaverttie, wbicfa keepad «iit weH enoni^ till we
stormd a trench they had at the foot of thehJil» «Thereby ihfly
conamaiided tao stripes of water. This wie did take in the
asiauk. Fortie of theas were pat la the swoid. We ioMd
lire or six, with Argile's m^or* A/ter the iaeiK>mbla tliimt
made them desire a parley» 1 was oi^efcd ta speak
with theaiy neithw could the lieut^-generU be nsovd to grant
any other «onditioiM, then (hat they soold yeeld oo discretion
or mercy. And it seemed strange to me to baare Aha lienti*
genenul's nice distinctioA, that they sould yeeM themselves la
the kingdome's mercy» and not to his* At length they dsi so,
and after they were comd out of the castle, they were pvt la
the suordy eveiie mother^s soone, except one yoong man,
Mackoul, wliDse life I begd to l>e sent lo France» with a
huodreth fellows whom we iiad amoakd oat of a caTe,
as they do foxes» who were given to Captain Cambelli 4ht
chaac«9Uoi^8 brother.

<* Mere it wiH be fit to make a «lop, till this cr«cU arlion be
canvasd. Firsts The lieau-genemll was too days Irresolnta
what to doe. The Marques of Argils was accasd at Us
arraignment [of] this murther, and I was examHid as «
witnes. I de[ckred] which was trne, that I newer htatd
him advice the lieut.-general to it. What ha did ia f rfvafee
I know not. Secoodlie, Argile was but a colaneH thwe, and
so ^ad no power to doe it of himsalfe. Thindiie, Tlmigh lie
had advbed bim lo it, it was no capit^U Orime; forconacal
js no command* Fourthlie, I have sevetml limes spoke la the

7^ MEMOIBS OF THE

came and offered their service most cheerfully to
Montrose» who being now provided with an armj»

lieut.-generall to save these men's lives, and he always assenU
ed to it ; and I know of himselfe he was unwilling to shed
their blood* Fifthlie, Mr John Nave (who was appointed by
the Commission of the Kirke to waite on him as his chaplaine)
never ceasd to tempt him to that bloodshed, yea, and threaten*
ed him with the curses befell Saull, for spareing the Amalekites»
for with them his theologie taught him to compare the
Danaverttie men. And I verilie beleeve that this prevaild
most with David Lesley, who lookd upon Nave as the repre*.
esotative of the Kirk of Scotland, LasUie, There is no doubt
but the iieutt-general might legallie enough, without the least
transgression of either the custome, practice, or law of warre,
or his oune commission, have vsd them as he did, for he was
bound by no article to them, they having submitted themselves
absoiutelie to his discretion. It is true, on the other hand^
summumjus, sumtna injuria ; and in such cases, mercy is the
more Christian, the more honourable, and the more ordinarie
way in oune warres in Europe. Bot I reallie beleeve, advise
him to that act who will, he hath repented it many timet
since, and even very soon after doeing it*

*' From Kintirc we went by sea to Yla, and immediatelye
invested Dunneveg. I must remember by the way, that we
carried bot about fourskore horses with vs, after w<ileft
Kiotire, the rest of the troopes being left in Lome, vnder the
command of ColL Robert Montgomerie, since general-major»
who blockd vp the house of belonging to Mac-

koull in Lome, whose clan was, as I said, extirpated very
neere at Dunnaverttie. Dunnaveg, after a stout resistance,
Ux want of water, came to a parley. I am appointed to treat
with <me Captain Oneale, and one Donald Gorum, who came
•ut of the bouse on the Ueut. generall's word. Life was pro*

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 73

and relying not upon his nundbers^ but on the pro-
vidence of God in the protection of a just cause»
wished for nothing more earnestly than an oppor-
tunity to try his strength, even with the stoutest
of his enemies ; and, impatient of any farther de-
lay, he marched that very day through the plains
of Athole towards Strathem, that his friends and
others, whom the news of his motions might en-
courage to rise to his assistance, might have an op-
portunity to join him, before they were prevented
by the enemy ; and likewise that he might sur-
prise the rebels, and attack them, before they could
bring together their strength, which was then dis»
parsed.

In his way, passing by the castle of Weme»
4vhich belongs to the Menzieses, as they had mal«

misccl to them ; all the officers to goe where they pleasecl,
the sojors to be transported to France, and given to Henry
Sinclair, my old lieaL.coIooell. The articles 1 saw couchd
in writeing and signed by [bot]h Argile and Lesley* This
capitulation was faithfully [ob3served« A little skurvie isle in
the end of Yla was keepd by a bastard sonne of CoU Kittocb,
which we left to its fortune» Bot before we were masters of
Dunneveg, the old man Coll, comeing foolishlie out of the
house where he was governour, on some parole or other, to
speak with his old friend the captaine of Dunstaffnage Castle,
was surprisd and made prisoner^ not without some staiae ti>
the lieutt-generalFs honor* He was afterwards hangd by a
jury of Argile's sheriffe-depute, one George Campbell, fnmi
whose sentence few are said to have escapd that kind of
death.**

74 HEMmaS OP THE

treated a meaienger whom lie had lent to them ui
a (nenHy manner, and had likewise attacked the
rear of his army, he ordered his men to plunder
their country, and bum their houses and corns $
that by striking a toror into the country at his
first entrance into the war, he might deter thetti
from such insults tfaereaftw. That very night be
crossed the Tay, which is the greatest rirer in Soot>
land, with a part of his forces, and die rest follow-
ed next day very early in the morning. Being
BOW ready to set out on his march, he gave the
command of the Athole-men, at their own earnest
desire, to Patrick Graham, c£ whom there will be
often occasion to make mention in the course of
this history, and never without honour, and imme-
diately thereafter he diqiatched him with the choice
of the Athole-men, to bring him intelligence. He
returned speedily with advice, that he had seen a
body of armed men upon the hill beside Buchanty.
They were commanded by Lord Kilpont, eldest
son of the Earl of Monteith, of a very ancient and
noble descent, and sprung from the illustrious fa-
mily of the Grahams ; and by Sir John Drum-
mond, son to the Earl of Perth, and a relation
likewise of idontrose. Both these gentlemen had
been summoned by the covenanters to assist them
against the Iridi, as public enemies, and widi that
view they liad brought out about five hundred men,
for at this time they had heard nothing certain con«
ceming Montrose. He marched straight v^te

MABMJB OF MOKTROSE. 75

^bWf nmihings if hecouU not bring tbem over to
jus side, to 0¥erpower then directly ; but, so soon
«s tfa^ understood Moatiwe eornmainded, they
seat some of their {xrincipd officers to himto be
jnfaiiMd what be intended. He returned for an*
iw*, that he acted by the king's authority, and
had iindortaken to defrad it to the utmost of his
power against that nnnatund rebellkm, and entreat-
ed them, as men for whom, on many accounts, he
had a very particular regard, that they would not
refiise their as«stance to the best of kings ; that
as this was a aervice becoming their birth, and ac-
ceptable to his majesty, it could not fail to be con*
4ucive to their present advantage, and would, be-
sides» redound to th^ everlasting honour and re-
nown, both fA home and abroad, should they prove
the firirt who lent their assistance to su[qport a tot»
tering crown. They very readily and cheerfully
complied with Montrose's entreaties, and joined
him with their men directly, for both of them so»
cretly &voured the king's cause.

Montrose was informed by them that the cove^
nfmters were gathered together in a very great bo»
dy at P^h, and were waiting there to attack him
us he came down from Athole. As he knew that
Argyle and his army was following him at the heek^
to prevent his being hemmed in betwixt these two
«rmies, he resolved to march directly to Berth, and
^]ther Ibree the enemy to an engagement, or take
(he town, and reduce it to his obedience. Accord»

7t> MEMOIRS OF THE

ingly, after he had gone three miles from Buchan-
ty, he allowed his men some short time to rest» and
began his march by break of day. When be came
within three miles of Perth, he saw the enemy up-
on a large extended plain, called Tippermuir,
drawn up as if they waited a battle. They were
commanded by Lord Elcho, who was not reputed
an extraordinary soldier ; and they had likewise
with them the Earl of Tillibardine, and Lord
Drummond ; but the last, it was alleged, against
his inclination, he and all his father's family being
in/clined to the king ; besides several knights,
among whom Sir James Scot wiis remarkable for
his skill in military affairs, having served sometime
in the Venetian army with applause. Their army
consisted of six thousand foot and seven hundred
horse, and, trusting to their numbers, they had al-
ready confidently devoured their enemy in their
expectations. It happened to be Sunday, the 1st
of September, and their ministers were particular*
ly charged to encourage the army, and animate
them for the action by their sermons, putting them
in mind of the Solemn League and Covenant to
which they had sworn. And, indeed, they acted
*their parts to very good purpose, at the expence of
their lungs, promising the army, in the name of Al-
mighty God, that they should obtain an easy and
unbloody victory. Among the rest, one Frederick
Caimichael, who was esteemed by the common
people the most eminent for learning and piety»

MARdUIS OF MONTROSE. 77

did not stick to say in liis sermon, " That, if ever
God spoke truth out of his mouth, he promised
them, in the name of God, a certam rictory that
day."

Having finished their devotions, as they thought,
in a manner well pleasing to God, they drew out
their army in order of battle. Lord Elcho com-
manded the right wing. Sir James Scot the left,
and the Earl of Tillihardine the main body ; some
troops of horse were placed on each wing, by which
they expected in such an open plain to surround
their enemy. When Montrose saw the superior
number of the covenanters, and especially their
strength in horse, as he himself had none, there
being only three in all his army, * he was afraid
they might surround him, and attack him all at once
in the front, flank» and rear ; therefore, to prevent
this, he extended his front as much as he could,
l^aM^ing his files only three men deep ; and, that
they might all engage the enemy at the same time,
he Mdered the men in the first rank to rest upon
one knee, those of the second to stoop, leaning
over the first, and the last rank, in which he ^daced
the tallest men, to stand erect. He ordered them
likewise to be sparing of their powder, of which
they were very scarce, and not to fire a single
musket till they came up to the face of the enemy.

♦ Of these, two were for his own saddle, and the third for
Sir Winfftin RoUock, who was somewhat lame.

78 M£UoiRaf OF ncft

and diai kaving onoe diiekaiged tfa^ir piecbs». thej
should immecfifitely fall on boMly raoixUm-htsd ;
and if they observed these ovdera» he was eonMest
the enemy would never stand their attack. Mto»
trose himself tod^ the charge of the right wing,
which was exposed to Sir James Scot ; the left
he committed to Lord Ktlpont, and pheed Ma&
douald and the Irish in the centre. This was a
very prudent disposition of his men, for, had he
placed the Irish en the flanks, aa they had neither
pikes nor swords, they would otherwise have bee*
much exposed to the enemy's horse.

Montrose in the mean time dispatched Mr
Dmmmond, eldest son to Lord Maderty, a veify
accomplished young nobleman, with a message to
the chiefs of the covenanters' army, importing,
that he, as well as his royal master, by whe^e eem»
mission he acted, had the utmost abhwrence to
ahed the blood of hia countrymen, and that it waa
their first and most earnest wish to obtain a victory
without bloodshed ; and this might be compassed
by both armies at the same time, if» wfthout trj^ng
the douhtlul chance of a battle^ they wouU \wf
down their arms and return to their duty and obe-
dience to their sovereign. He assured them that,
for his own part, he aimed at neither the plaeesrnor
honours, estates nor lives, of any of his feliow-sob.
jects, for whom, on the contrary, he entertained
the greatest affection ; all that he desired of them,
and he obtested it most earnestly in the name of

MABQIUS INT UOWSWOOU 79

God» was; to conmk their oim miiity, «b^ hearken
to hk advke ; bgt any longer obstinately reAiae to
tnisfc to the deueney, SAhy and proteetien of sa
good a king ;. who, aa h» had hitherto fully com-
pKed mth the demands of his Seots snkgeets as to
matters both dnl and religious, though to tiie rerf
great detriment of his prefogadre, so he was still
xead^» like a most indulgent parent, though pro-
voked fay repeated injuries, to emlnvce then with
open arms, when convinced of their error» and be*
ecffse stthmifisivew But if they should still conti-
nue obstinate in their rebelliim, he called God to
witness, that he was forced by their own stubborn*
neaa into the present encounter, lor the eonsequen-
cea of which they alone were to be answenMe.
To thisi they made no return f but, oontnuy to the
saered law of nations, seised the ambassador, whose
only motive for undertaking this office was his love
to his country, and sent him under a guard to
Perth, to be^ imprisoned like a malefactor ; vowing,
tbat ao soon as they had got the victory, they
would cut off his head ; but God was nN>re merci-
ful, and saved this worthy youn^ man, bjr ordering
matt^» otherwise than they expected»

When the armies csme within cannon-shot of one
another, some choice men were ordered out from
thet quarter where Lord Drummond command^,
to skirmish with Montrose, and try his strength.
He thereiqKm sent out a few to meet them, who^
honing routed them «t the first onset, drove them.

80 . MEMOIBS OF TH£

back in great confusion to the main body» Mon-
trose judged this was the nick of time to make hi»
attack» as nothing could more animate his men, or
dispirit the enemy, than to fall upon them while
yet in disorder, and alarmed with this first blow»
before they had time to recover from their sur-
prise, or to rally their men. He, therefore, order-
ed his whole army to begin the attack, and they
immediately rushed forward upon the enemy, set-
ting up a great shout. The enemy first discharg-
ed their cannon, which were planted in the front
of their army, but being at a distance, they made a
greater noise than they did execution ; then march-
ing down their army, the horse attacked Montrose;
but as his men had already spent their powder, and
few of them being armed with pikes, and many
wanting even swords, they had recourse to such
arms as were readiest, to wit, stones, of which, by
chance, there was plenty at hand, and poured such
voUies of these upon them, with so much strength
and courage, as obliged them to retreat, and give
them no more trouble. Both the Irish and the
Highlanders behaved with the utmost bravery,
striving to outdo each other, and bore so hard on
the horse in their retreat, that they were at last
forced to save themselves by a precipitate flight.
The engagement continued longer and more vio-
lent on the right wing ; for Sir James Scot con-
tended obstinately for s(»ne time for the rising
ground ; but Montoose's men, who were superior

MABQUIS OF MONTBOSE. 81

in Strength of body, as well as quickness and agili-
tj, got possession of it ; and the Athole-men, fal-
ling down from thence with their drawn swords
upon the enemy, and disregarding the bullets,
which were dying about their ears as thick as hail,
came close up with them, and killed and cut down
all before them. At last the enemy, no longer
able to stand the shock, fairly betook themselves to
their heels. Most of the cavalry saved themselves
by the fieetness of their horses i but there was a
very great slaughter among the foot, the conquer*
ors pursuing for about six or seven miles. The
number of the slain was computed to be about
two thousand, and many more were taken prison-
ers. Of these some gave their oath of fidelity, and
enlisted with the conqueror; but they did not
continue long in their duty, most of them very
soon after deserting him ; the rest he set at liber-
ty upon their parole, never afterwards to carry
arms against the king or his generals. Perth sur«
renda'ed to him that same day, * and he entered
the town without committing the smallest hostility,
though most of the inhabitants had fought against
him in the field, thinking, by this singular instance
of clemency, to reconcile the minds of the people
more eflfectually to the king, which was the princi-
pal aim of all his designs.

* For some very amusing particulars respecting the sur-
T;endiT of Perth, see an original letter from the minifitevB
ebere, printed in the Scots Magazine for November 1817*

F

83 MEMOIRS Of TH£

CHAP. VL

Montrose marges from Perth to Cupar in AnguSf^fjord
fCUpont assa^wuited by Ardvorlich. — Montrose is joined
bjf i^ fynri of Airly tfnd his two sons*-^ Marches north'»
wards. — Defiafs Lord ffufleigh at Abffdeen^

M pNTROSje halted three days at Ferth^ in bppe^
thaf; many of the ^en):leiiieii of tl^ coui^try^ wl)q
l^asted much of their loyalty and fittac^iment to
the king, would be encouraged by the account^ of
his late success to take ^ros, ffi(^ join him wi^l^
their friends and followers ; but in this I^ was 4f«T
appointed, for none came in to him but tl^e Y^\
of Kjnnoul, and a few gentlemen from |;he Qvse
of Gowrie ; and even t)ie mo3t of these ^fterwardf
forsook him. Qy (his time Argyle M^as drawifig
near, with a powerful army of foot, besj4es i^ goo4
body of horse, who had joined him from the south»
Montrose, therefore, thought it expedient to rer
move ; so, crossing the river Tay, he encapiped ii|
the open fields, (as was his ordinary custoipi) near
Cupar, a small town in Angus, where fpm^erly
stood a famous monastery, which is now iq ruins*
Here he was met by that noble youth Sir Thomas
Ogilvy, son to the Earl of Airly, and several
others of the Angus jiobility and gentry, who

MAhQVlB OP MOVTBOSE. 63

AwUy offered him their senrice* He reoeiTed
them very kindly» and, thanking them for their
kind o&rt, dismissed then in order to prepare and
equ^ tfaemselvea for the war. However» yery few
of them returned to him besides the Ogilvies.

NasLt morning, by break of day, and bef^M^ tlie
drums bad beat for their march, the whole camp
ivas in an uproar, and die men all running to their
arms in the highest rage and fury. Upon the first
alarm, Hbntrose» imagining that this tumuk had
arisen from some quarrel betwixt the Highlanders
and the Irish, threw himself into the thickest of
the crowd, in order to quell them j but, to his
grief, ho was soon undeceived, and saw what shock-
ed him extremely, his noble and worthy friend.
Lord Kilpont, newly murdered, and weltering in
his blood. The villain who had assassinated him
vras one Stuart,^ a vassal of bis own, whom this
young nobleman had treated with the greatest fa-
miliarity and friendship, insomuch, that that very
night they had slept together in the same bed. It
was alleged, that this abandoned wretch had resol-
ved to murder Montrose himself, and, trusting to
the great influence he had acquired with Lord
Kilpont, he had conceived hopes of prevailing on
him to become an associate in the parricide ; but
that, having disclosed his design in private to Ku-

a This man's aame was James Stuart of Ardvorlicb.-*'
Giah. Mem. p. 165.

84 MEMOIKS OF THE

pout» he treated the proposal as it deserved, anft
rejected it with horror. Whereupon Stuart, dread«
ing that he might discover the matter, had fallen
upon hkn quite unguarded, and suspecting no harm
from his friend, who lay under so many obligations
to him, and wounded him mortally in several
places. However, he made his escape, killing, in
his. way, the centinel who stood at the entry of the
camp, it being so dark that those who pursued him
could scarcely see the length of their pikes. Some
were of opinion that he was bribed by the cove-
nanters to perpetrate this execrable deed ; but
others thought he was allured only with the pro-
mise or hopes of a reward from them. However
it be, this much is certain, that he has been in the
greatest favour with them all along ; and very soon
after Argyle promoted him to considerable com-
mands in the army, although he was no soldier.
Montrose was very much afflicted with the untime-
ly fate of this nobleman, who had been his own
special friend, and most faithful and loyal to the
king his master ; and, besides his knowledge in
polite literature, philosophy, divinity, and law, his
character was eminent for probity and fortitude.
After taking his farewell of the dead body, by em-
bracing it with the greatest transports of grief, he
delivered it to his sorrowful friends and servants,
to be carried home to his parents, that he might
be buried in a manner becoming that honourable
family.

HABQUI8 OF MOVTMSE^ 85

Mcmtro6e marched mth the mt of hk foites to
Dundee ; but that town, confident of its strength
from the number of its inhabitants, and havingi be* •
sides, got an addition of troops from fife, refused
to surrender. He thought it would be imprudent
to hazard the reputation he had acquired by his
late victory upon the doubtful success of a siege ;
and therefore turned aside, and directed his march
towards the rirer of Esk, the rather in hopes of he*
ing quickly joined by several of his own friends
and relations, who were men of considerable estates
and foUowings in that part of the country, and who
used to speak very highly of themselves, and of
their loyalty to the king ; but upon the first notice
of his approach they all withdrew, except Ogilvy
Earl of Airly, then a man of sixty years of age»
who, with his two sons, Sir Thomas and Sir David,
and many of his friends and vassals, all men of
known courage, . came and joined him ; and they
stuck firm to his interest during the whole course
of the war, with admirable zeal and fidelity, not*
withstanding the severest turns of fortune ; being,
besides Montrose himself, amidst this almost uni«
versal defection, the only remaining glory and or-
nament of the Scottish nobility.

Xn the mean time, he received intelligence, that
some commissioners from the covenanters, of whom
Lord Burleigh was the chief, ♦lay at Aberdeen with

♦ Robert Arnot of Ferney, who married the heirvss oS
Burleigh, and had the title of Lord Burleigh, in virtue of a

86 MEKOIKS WTBfi

an araqr ; iikd wtit Ubommg hwA, hy iUtf mMns

or fcml, to di»w over to their |Nirty all thai liortfa

coimtiyt firom which Montrose had hitfafflotCK»

ptoeted the greatest aneeoursw He resolved theMp-

fore to attack them before Argyle could join them

with his ibvcea; and set forward by Very lon^

marches^ Having taken possession of the bridgje

Qd the river Dee» and advanced neaflsr the chy»

he fdiind the enemy drawn up before it in evder 9f

battle. Lord Burleigh had with him two tbewasid

tmntf and ftvie hundred horse ; the last he di^ioaed

in the wings of hie army» and having chosen tke

most advastageoiis ground, and planted his dumoa

in the fMKt» he theve waited, ready fen* action.

Montrose's army was now redoeed to fifteen him-»

dved feot } for, besides that Lord Kilpont'a men

had gone heme to convey the body ef their dead

master^ most of the Athcde-men, as they wave tiot

fu from their own country, had gone off with

their booty, and were not yet returned : and all

the hone he had was but forty-four, which bo

letter from the king. His great grandson, the last Lord Bal-
four of Burleigh 9 while yet a yoang man, was condemdeJ to
be beheaded for the murder of a schoolmaster who bad maltied
a waiting maid, witb wboffl BalfitKir was in lore. Ruv he
escaped from prison in bis sister's clothes, and afterwards join-
jng the insurgenU in the year 1715, was attainted by act of
Parliament, and his estate, of L« 697 a year^aad honours^ were
ftsrfeited lo tbe crown.

trith soott ekcfioe musketeefrs and ifrcbers, who, M
point of B^fsf and s^iftness^ wei^ lit&^ Mencfr to
his horse^ he posted ih^in in tBe iHngs of Ms army,
to prerrest thd enemy's hotse from surromidiA^
kiiii| whieh office t3iey executefd with hitrepicBt^
and suecess, civto beyond ex|>ectatiott or belief.
He gave the eiMfntaand of bis ri^ht wing* to ^antei^
Hay and Nathmi»! Gordon, and of tbe left to Sit
WiHiam RolIo6k, adi of thetn gentiemetf of singtf-
1» bravery. The rebels' left wing wk^ coninTtod-
ed by Lord Lewis Gordon, son tio th6 Marquis of
Httntly, who was a bold fiery yonng man, but of
a tenkper extremely violent and changeable, atfd
had forced out his father's friends and dan, ibuc^
contrary to th^ir inclination, to take arms again^
MoMrose."^ He having got possession of the plaliii
grotfnds, wherd his horse could engage with n^dst

* This Lord Lewis Gordon afterwards became third Mar»
quis of Huntly. Spalding records tbe following circumstance
re^p^ting him: — ^** About this time, (February l64l,) Lewis
Gordon, being with his father th^ Lord Marquis of Huntly
fll London, upon aome alleged miscontentmeht left hi* father's
OMBpany without his knowledge, and fo his great griri; for
be unwisely conveyed away with him his father's haill jeweHl
in a cabinet, being of great worth, and to Holland goes he,
leaving his father sorrowful for his bad miscarriage, whilk;
amongn the rest of hii crosses, he bdidv^d paitiently to sdfifcry
aMcNigh be had not great stoi^ of «i^ealtb lyilig bMide him at
that line, for mamtenKnce of lib noble rank.**

88 MBMraiB OF TUB

advaotagef was marching up to attack MontroaeV

right wing: which Montrose obaerf^ing, tmme»

diately ordered William Rollook, with his twenty

horse from the left wing, to their assistance ; and

by the gallant behaviour of their commanders, and

the activity of the foot musketeers» they gave the

enemy such a warm reception, that, though their

number was no more than forty-four, they r^ulsed

the enemy» who were three hundred, and put

them in the utmost disorder, many of them being

slain on the spot : but being so few themselves»

they durst not pursue them, which was owing to

the prudent conduct of their officers, and contri*

buted not a little to their obtaining the victory j

for the enemy immediately chai^d Montrose's

left wing, which was now quite exposed lor want

of the horse, he thereupon marched up the horae

to the left wing with surprising speed, the moment

they had routed Lord Lewis, and their number

being so greatly inferior to the enemy, as they

could- not extend their front so far, they fetched a

compass, and thereby escaped the enemy^s first

charge, then wheeling about with great dexterity^

they fell in upon their flank sword in hand, and

making a dreadful slaughter among them, soon

forced them to fly. The only gentlemen taken

prisoners were, Forbes of Craigivar, a man of rank

among the enemy, and Forbes of Boindly, all the

rest got safe oft; such a small number being afraid

to pursue them far. The gentlemen who coa»*

MABamS OP tfOlTTBOSE* 89

ziaanded the enemy's hone were more enraged by
tbis second defeet, than intimidated by any loss
they had sustained ; and imputing Montrose's
good success to those alert musketeers, whom he
had interlined wHh his horse, they resolved to
send for some picked foot from their main body,
and so renew the charge a third time with
greater vigour and briskness. Montrose suspect-
ed this, but was very unwitting to expose this hand«
fnl of brave men to a third attack, especially as
their horses were finigued with the two former
encounters, and the enemy's horse were now rein-
forced with a body of fresh foot. He had ob-
served the enemy's horse still in great confusion,
and at a consHlerable distance from their main
body; and therefore resolved to assault them with
his foot before they got time to rally, and riding
up to has men, who had been very much galled
by the enemy's cannon, he told them, that there
was no good to be expected by disputing the mat*
ter at so great a distance, as thereby there was no
distinguishing the strong from the weak, nor the
coward from Ae brave, but that, if they should
oaee make a home charge upon these timorous
and eflPeminate striplings, they would never stand
their attack : Come on, then, says he, my brave
fellow-Mldiers, fall down upon them with your
swords and muskets, drive them before you, and
make them sufler the punishment due to their ^r^
fidy^and rebeUion. : They needed no more to in*

90 JdOOffOiBS OF THB

cite them, aad immodiotely glMng a brlak chuegt^
they routed the whole army atid put t^etn to iigjib
The hors^ who were e&pectiiig the foot thtft wrte
ordered to mix in their ratika, when they saw them
flyingi followed also With greitter qpeed» attd got
all safe off the field, the Titftors not being able to
come up with them : but the foot met with a tery
di£ferent fate, few of them esoiq^ing ^th their
lives; for, as they kd no place to fly to but
the town^ Montrose's men followed hard at their
heels, and made great havock among them on the
streets*

This' bdttle continued for four hours, with such
various success, thdt none could determine which
side would gain the victory. Motiktrose had sAme
cannon, but they proved of no servite to him, all
the proper gtound beii^ occupied by the enemy :
but th^ir cannon did him considerable harm.
Among others that weiPe wounded, there was an
Irishman had his leg shot off by a cannon ball, so
that it hung only by a bit of skin, and perceiving
his commdes affected with his disaster» he called
to them in a cheerful and entouiagftig Ume,
<< This, my eompanionsy is the fate of war^ and
what none of us ought to gnidga : go 6n, ttid be-
have as becomes you, atid as for ttte,: i am certain
my Lord the Manfiiis wi31 make me a ttfooper, as
I am now disabled for the foot service/' Sb say*
ing» he tod^ a knife frotn his pcichrt, andy intik bis
ow&hand^ cut asu^er the skin «illlQi*tbsflmiiIi

10

est dirink or emotion, and delivered his 1^ to one
of his companions to bury it. Being recovered of
his wound, he was aftewards actually made a
trocar, and always behaved with great fidelity
and courage. This battle was fought at Aberdeen
upon the l^th of S^>t6mber l&M* Montrose,
having tailed back his men to then* colours, enter-
ed the eity, * and allowed them two days rest to
refresh themselves.

September 14.

92 MEUOiaS OP THE

CHAP. VII.

MotUrote mi supported by proper $uppUet ; occasioned partly
by the Marquis of HurUly. — Obliged to retire into Da-
denoch. — Falls sick, — His sickness affords great joy to the
covenanters. — Returns by a circuit into the north country. —
Surprised by Argyle and Lothian at Fyvie Castle. — Seve-
ral hot skirmishes ensue. — Makes a safe retreat to Bal-
veny.

In the mean time, news was brought that Argyle
was near at hand, with a much greater army than
any Montrose had hitherto to deal with ; and
that the Earl of Lothian was along with him with
fifteen hundred horse. He therefore removed
from Aberdeen to Kintore, a village about ten
miles off; that the Earl of Huntl/s friends ^n^
dependents of the name of Gordon, and others
thereabouts, who were thought to favour the king's
side, might have an opportunity to join him. From
that place he dispatched Sir William Rollock to
Oxford, to acquaint the king of his success hither-
to ; and to entreat that some supplies might be
sent him, either from England, or some other
place; for although, indeed, he had already fought
twice successfully, yet he was so beset on all sides
with so many and such powerful armies, that he
was in danger of being overpowered, if timely

MARdUIS OF MONTROSE. 98

fluccours were not sent him. Nothing, however,
gave Montrose so great anxiety, as' that none of
the Gordons» of whom he had conceived great ex-
pectations, had come to join him. Some of them,
indeed, testified their inclination to the service ;
but Huntly, their chieftain, secretly thwarted
Montrose, and detained them all at home, either
by his iexample or authority ; for, though he was
then obliged to skulk in the furthest comer of the
island, yet he envied that honour to another,
which himself had in vain attempted to acquire ;
and had prohibited all his clan, even with threaten-
ings, to have any communication with Montrose,
or to assist him either with their presence or ad-
vice * Wheni Montrose found that this was the case,
he resolved to withdraw his forces into the High*'
lands, where he knew the enemy's horse,, in which
their principal strength consisted, would be of no
service to them ; and as for their foot, he had such
confidence in the goodness of his cause and the
valour of his men, that he was not much afraid of
them, whatever might be their numbers. In order

* It ought to be remembered, that while Moatrose was a
promoter of the Covenant, he Had used great severities to-
wards the opposite party, of which Huntly was one of the
chiefs. See Spalding tor many particulars, which must have
inspired Lord liuntly with irreconcileable hatred to Mon*
trose, and palsied his undoubted loyalty while co-operating
with a long established ioe.

94» HSMQIBS Of THB

to «quip bimaelf fi)r thig march, he hid hk eannon
in 9 b9gt and parted with all his other heavy bag-
g9g^ ; and when he came to the ri]n{r 8pey, en-
eamped nc«ir the old castle of Rothiemurohua, wit|i
m army, small indeed in number, but brave and
i» high spirita, beiQg now flushed with Tiotory.

Here he fbuiid the Caithness-men, with those
fmn Sutherland» Rosib, and Murray, all in arms,
m the opposite banks of the Spey ; in order to
prevent bis passing this river, which is the most
rppid in Scotland, till such time as Argyle, who
ffa3 fa«t IbllQwing him, might come up and attadc
him in the rear. Being thus, as it were, besi^ed
by his memies on all sides, that at least he might
he free of thar horse, he turned aside into Bade-
Qpch, which is a rocky, mountainous country, and
quite impaauble for horses. Here he fell sick, and
ivas very ill ibr ^ome days, the news whereqf gave
the covenanters such immoderate joy, that they gave
•mt he was dead, and appointed a day of public
thanksgiving ta Gad for this deliverance. Their
ministers w^^ not, on that occasion, wanting in
their duty among their people ^ for they told them
as confidently as if they themselves had been of
council with the Almighty, that the Lord of
Hosts himself had slain Montrose» But their joy
was of no long duration j for he soon recovered,
ifnd» as if arisen from the dead, terrifled his ene<>
mies much more than formeriy. So soon as he

MABAUIS OF MOHTAOSE. 95

was able to trafvel, he retanied to Athole. * ¥wcm
tfa#ace hfi dispatched Macdoiudd into the High*
lands viA a paitjr, to invite the Highlanders to
join him, and to force sooh as refused. He hun*-
seifweiit back to Angus, hoping, by this means,
that Argyle ^ixd his horse would be so mvdi fa«
tigued with long maizes, that they would be
obliged to go into winter-quarters; or that, at least,
if th^ still fdliosved him, he would leave them
very fm- behind ; for Ai^le had all along pursued
bim so slpwly, and at such a distance, that it was
a^wrent he had no mind to try the chance of a
battle, t Therefore, passing through Angus, he
crossed the Grampian hills, which run in a line
from east to west, and divide Scotland into two
equal parts, and returned again to the north coun-
try. When he imagined he had now left Argyle
far enough behind him that he could safely halt a
sufficient time to refresh his troops, he went to
Stradibogie, in order, at the same time, to meet
with the Gordons himself, and, if possible, engage
them to join him ; but it was all to no purpose ;
tor they were discharged by Huntly's express or-
ders; and as, on the one hand, they durst not in-
cur the displeasure of their chief, so, on the other,
their noble and generous spirits could not bear the

* October 4, 1644.

t Vide Guihrk's Mem. p. 169 and ^2.

96 MEMOIRS OP TH£

imputation of mddence and inactivity; and» there-
fore, after the example of their chief, they conceal-
ed themselves ; so that Montrose had no opportu-
nity to speak to them. The Lord Gordon,
Huntly's eldest son, a youth of singular worth and
accomplisl^ments, was detained hy Argyle, who
was his uncle l^ the mother ; and the. Earl of
Aboyne, his second son, was confined iti Car-
lisle, which was then besieged; and Lewis, his
other son, as above noticed, had joined the eoemy^
so that there was not one of Huntly's family
under whose authority they could rise or take
arms*

Notwithstanding, Montrose kept his head-quar-
ters there a good while ; and during that interval,
almost every other night, he sent out parties of
light foot, for he had few or no horse, who tra-
versed the country for seven, eight, and sometimes
ten miles round, and attacked such of the enemy
as fell in their way, and never failed to defeat
them, and bring them in, man and horse, prison-
ers. As his men always returned safe and un-
hurt from these excursions, it is inconceivable what
degree of confidence they acquired ; in so much
that, however inconsiderable their number was,
there was nothing, however arduous, which they
would hesitate to undertake under his command.
At length, giving over all hopes of the Gordons,
he left Strathbogicy and marched to the castle of

HABQIflS OF H0KTEO8E. 97

Fym, which he took. * Here he was hroughtiii*
to the most im^BUieot d«mges» by the fidse intelli^
grace eoBOffmipg die enemy*» motions given him
by his ^^sSf on whom he lelied very much : for
they hfd already eneaQped witba» two nnles of
hhtt, when he did not think tfaey had a& yet croa-
sed the Gnunpian hiU& Argyle and Lothian had
with them .two thousand five hundred foot, and
twelve hundred hone ; .whjereas he himself had
only one thousand, five hundred foot, and not
above fifty hqrse ; Maodonald having got a detach-
ment of his forces along with him when he was
sent to the Highlands» It would have been the
greatest, madness to have deaeeqded into the plain
grounds» with so inoonsiderriije a force; and to
have requnned in the castle^ a. place £ur from being
strong or well fortified^ he reckoned dishpnourable
and derogatory to the reputtftion he had acquired
in his late victories^ H# therefore bethought
hiinself of another course, and drew up his men
upon an eminence which oveslooked the castle, the
sides of which were rough and uneven ^ and there
were besides several dikes and ditches upon it»
which had been raised by the farmers as a fence to
their indosures, and made the appearance of a
camp. But he had not yet marked out their se-
veral stations, when the small body of Huntly's

• October 24, l641.
G

gi ItUIMOIRS CP THB

ttieDi who had joined him at Stmthbo^» deserted,
even iii the sight of the whole arai^. On the
othei* hand, the enemy attaijked the erotnencei and
made themselyes masters of a considerable part of
it ; which, had they been able to maintain with (he
same courage they obtained it, Montrose had been
totally ruined ; for his men being discouraged by
the desertion of the Gordons and the superior
number of the enemy, were beginning almost to
despair ; but he immediately restored them to life
and courage by his own presence and examjf^,
and by putting them in mind of their former
achievements and inherent bmvery; and calling
with an air of unconcern to one Colonel O'Kyan,
a young Irish gendeman, he desired him to go»
wi^ such men as wei^ readiest, and drive these
fellows out of th^r ^tches^ that they might be no
more troubled with tiiem. He had often had oe-
caaion to see and commend O'Kyan^s courage, and
he did not at this time fhll short of his general's
good opinion ; ibr though they were far superior
to him in number, and were besides supported by
a psity of horse, yet he qaiddy drove them from
the ditches, and got possession of some bags of
|K)wder, which the enemy in their hurry had left
behind them : this was a very seasoasMe supply ;
for their powder was now almost spent» And
here we must not pass by a remarkable instance of
the forwardness and confidence of Montrose's men ;
one of whom, upon seeing the bags of powder,

4

MARoma 09 uoraiosfi. 99

eriedMit, ^ What! haTethey kftusno hall? but

it Mtmi we miut taka tli^in aftarvnvds frovi these

I niggardly stewanls;^ aa if it bad been akc^elber

! the duty of the enemy to provide dbem in all the

Deotssariesof war.

In the mean time» seeing that hia horse» which
were but fifty in all, were in danger, fay their ai*
tuation, of an ipamediate attfek from the enemy»
he succoured them timeously by lining th«n with
light musketeen. For the Earl of J^^othiaa had
sent five troops of horse against thfm } but» before
they had come half way over the field which fa^
tetwixty they were so galled by the shpt from wx
mosketeers on the he^t, that they wene forced to
wheel about and retire. Mcmtrose^s mep» now
much elated with theur sueoesa in these two enter<-
prises» could hardly be pievented from making a
general assault i^pon the enemy^s whole army ;
Montrose thought it prudent to commend» rather
than to check» this forward diqppsition in his men ;
only he entreated them to he mindful of their duty,
and to wait till he should give the word of com-
mand. In the evening» Argyle» having thus fail-
ed in his attempt» drew off his men to about two
miles distance» and passed %\ie night under arms,
without sleeping. But next day, being informed
that Montrose laboured under a scarcity both of
powder and ball» he bought up his army to the
same ground» and iq[ipeared resolved to make an
assault upon the hill, and beat Montrose out of

100 MEMOIRS OF THE

his trenches : but in this his heart failed him ; and
nothing remarkable happened, excepting some
light skirmishes between flying parties» while the
main bodies of the two armies kept each their
ground* In the meantime, Montrose caused melt
down into balls what dishes, flaggons, chamber-
pots, and other pewter vessels could be got ; but
even that did not supply the exigency : however,
this inconveniency, great as it was, did not much
damp the spirits of his soldiers i one of them in
particular, always when he fired his musket, which
he presumed was never without execution, called
out merrily to his comrades, ** I have certainly
broke one traitor's face with a chamb^-pot." And,
indeed, it was no wonder if Montrose's men were
often in want of powder and other warlike stores,
when it is considered that they had no other way
of being supplied but by seizing them from the
enemy.

The second day being thus near ^nt, Aigyle
carried his men again across the river, and retired,
by the same road he had come, to the distance of
three Scots miles. And thus several days passed
at Fyvie in the same manner ; Argyle carrying
nothing away with so great an army, but disgrace
among his friends, and contempt from his enemies ;
for it was entirely imputed to his want of courage,
that he had not risked an engagement there.

At last Montrose took the advantage of the night,
and returned to Strathbogie, being afraid» had he

tf ABaUIS OF MONTROSE. 101

marched in the day-time, that his rear might be'
harassed in his march by the enemy's horse. He
intended to stop there for some time, both because^
the rough and uneven face of the country was a
good security to his men from the incursions of
the enemy's cayabry, and because it was near those
parts of the Highlands from which he daily expect-
ed Macdonald, with what Highlanders he could
raise. Next day the enemy followed him, with an
intention to force him to an engagement in the
open fields. So soon as they came in sight, their
men were drawn out in order of battle, as if they
had been to fall on immediately with their whole
force ; however, Argyle first sent out some High*
landers to skirmish with Montrose, but they were
manfully received and repulsed; whereby Mon«
trose had an opportunity to take possession of the
most advantageous ground. This induced Argyle
to alter his resolution, and think of other measures»
which, though safer, were far more dishonourable.
He proposed a cessation in order to have a con*
ference together, and that engagements should be
given on both sides for their mutual security ; but»
at the same time, he begun to tamper with Mon-
trose's men, and not only to tempt their fidelity»
by offering them an indemnity and high rewards if
they would desert him, but he also promised a con*
siderable sum to any person who should bring him
Montrose's head.
Montrose, who was well acquainted with Argyll

lOS MBMOIKSWTHE

anA teew that Ida disfiositioii wm better cakulated
to dverroach mud betray bu ienenLjv thin to oarry
on a ibiir ainl open wnr, so aoon is he uttdexstood
bis design^ thought that nothing concerned him
moro, than, with all expedition^ te withdraw his
small army, as far aa he couid, both froAi the ene*
my's horse» and oiit of the reach of Argyle's
knavery. He, therefore, called a council of war»
and told them what bethought pnpBrto he done $
they dl approved the motion^ and promised to con^
tinue their fidelity, and their best endeavours to
serve htm. In cokKequence thereof, he resolved
vBfftm a long march tJie very next tight, as Dir as
Bodenoch ; and Anl his army might be the more
expeditions for a march of that difficulty, he sent
off his heavy beggi^ before him unde; a guard,
and ordered his men to hold themselves in readi-
ness u if they were to fi^^t the next day. After
be had dispatched the carriages and heavy bag-
gage» it was suddenly told him^ that Forbes b£
Craigievar, bis prisoner, whom he had allowed to
five at large in the cmp upon his parole, and SA*
bald, who, besides Sir WiUiam Rdlock, was the
only perara to whom he had communicated his de*
signs, and made his (companion in his journey from
England, and severd others» had deserted to the
enemy. This treadiery gave Montrose a good
deal of uneasinesB ; he JMsdy suspected» that» in or*
der to ingratiate themselves with the enemy» they
would undoubtedly give them intelligence of his

MARQUIS OF MOVTBOSE. 108

mtimded motion i he immediately» tl^nefore» cal^
hjd ha(ck im canifgefi, and aeemed to have altered
hk refoltttiiw eotinelj. However, he atill reiolved
to prosecpite hia march, oolj he thought it neoes*
saiy to delay it for MMne time, that the enemy
m^hthave reasoa to disbelieve the intelligeiiGe
they would receive from his deserters. At last»
after waitii^ four days, he again seat off his bag-
p^^ aadi lighting fires tlurou^ all the camp, sta*
tidied his horse in the iBar» just in view of the
mmiyM as if tfafey were upon guard, and tnanedi-
atellr ituirched <iff his foot; so aoon as they were
out of daiiger, he bnmght off his horse safe like-
wise» wd tlie wboAe acmy arrived about break of
i$,j $t fialvevir* When he found he was now be*
yond the macfk of the enemy ^s horse» and that they
did not pursue hkn &rther, as it was now the midst
of winter, he allowed his men a few days to refresh
themselves.

The effects of Aigyle's craft and secret artifices
begun now to appear ; for most of the nobility,
gentry, and experienced officers who were with
Montrose, (for, excepting among the Irish and
Scots Highlanders, he had more officers than pri-
vate men,) relying upon the conditions offered by
Argyle, went over to his side. Some of them pre-
tended want of health, others alleged that they
were unable to undeigo the fatigue of such con-
stant and long marches, in the midst of winter,
aver wild uninhabited mountains, which were im-

l(M MEMOIRS OF THE

passable for rocks and thickets, and always covered
with snow ; and that it was most unwillingly, and on-
ly through absolute necessity, that they begged to be
dismissed. He readily granted leave to every man
who asked it ; but it was rather with an air of in-
dignation and scorn, than of indulgence or appro»
bation.

And indeed he foresaw, and soon felt the conse-
quences of their deserting him, for it weakened his
forces considerably, and disheartened many who
intended to have joined him« Of all the low-
country men, Ogilvy, Earl of Airly, though then
sixty years of age, and very sickly, and his two scmb.
Sir Thomas and Sir David, sons indeed worthy ot
such a father, only remained with him, nor could
they be prevailed upon, even with the utmost
hacard of their lives» ever to leave him.

MAB«DIS OF XORTBOSE. 105

CHAP. VIII.

Mwirose marches into Argyleshire ; lays waste and destroys
all that country ; marches northtvards ; is opposed by Sea*
forth; returns, and defeats Argyle at Inverlochy ; Sir
Thomas OgUvy, son to the Earl of Airly ^ kilkd.

From Balveny, Montroie set out foft Badeiioch ;
Bpcm lib arrival there, he receiyed certtin mtdli*
genee that Argyle was lying at Dunkdd with his
inftntry only, havii^ Mmt his horse tawinter^ar-
ten ; and that he was employing all his artiice in
aotiefting the Athole-men to desert him. Thou^
Montrose was pretty confident of the fidelity and
constancy of the Athole^meni he, nevertheless,
marched down to Athole with incredible expedi-
tion ; for in one night he travelled with his army
no less than twenty-four miles, through a wild un-
mhabited country, by unbeaten tracts, and almost
impassable for rod^ and depth of snow ; intend»
ing to fall upon Argyle, while he had no horse
along with him. However, Argyle did not wait
his coming} for, being terrified even wiUi the
news oi his approach^ and while as yet he was six-
teen miles distant, he desired his men to shift for
themselves ; and he himself fled straight to Perth»
wh^re the covenanters had a stnmg garrkon.

106 MBMOntS OF THS

By this time Macdonald was returned from the
Highlands, and had brought along with him the
Captain of Clanronald and five hundred of hia
men ; to these Montrose joined Patrick Grahami
and a select number of the Athole-men ; and with
this army marched to Loch-Tay, intending to pass
through Breadalbane into the shire of Ai^le;
being convinced that he could not attack an enemy
any wher^ more successfully than in his own coun-
try. He had, besides, many powerful reasons to
induce lum to this raaolutmi ; for Ai^gyle's power
and avtbority among the Highlands was such, aa
' rendered him fotisidaUe to aU the neighbouring
gentlenbn and thdir dependents} and he bid
hereby contHbuted ntleh both to raise atid foment
tiie rebellion fnmi the beynriing $ for wh^^er
any of theAi veiitured to e^ose the eovraanten^
or dispute their unmflMiihle oatemands» Aigyl^
mioediately Ml upoii them witk a tumulCuOua army
<yf five or she (fabusaiid Highliteders, wWmi too» he
fiuioed out for thitee purposes rnwch a^ufost their
indinations, and utterly ruined their fbrtunes atid
ostMfes» He judged it thbnfori ueoeasarif at any
rate to redooe thfe power of auoh a aeditibtts, erueli
ted avaricious tyrant Bendea^ these Hjighfendeta
who had a warm side to the ftiiqp'i causes though
thiey hated Argyle mortldiy, yiel having Had auffi-
event expeiHenee of his opfvesbioB» durat tinke no
ap^rance till he should be once subdued. Anil
lastly, as the eovenatteri weie in peasesebta of ill

MARQUIB OF MUmoSE. 1 07

t}it h)w coutatry, and fM sttmg garrisb&s and
gttAt bodies of hxOse dispersed e!f^ where through
it, Montrose had no rrheVi else td diipose of his
troops for their winter-qtiiirteM, ukiless he had a
mind utterijr to cut Mp and ruin his own friefad^.
For these i-easons, he led his anny into Argyte-
siire with surprising celerity, and by very long and
very dSBKcult marches.

Argyle h^ then returned home to raise some
new recruits, and had appointed the day and place
6F their k^udeKvous. He was living secure in his
castle of Inveraray, not imagining that the enemy
was within a hundred mQes of hiib ; for, till now,
he could never be induced to belibv^ that an army
could penetrate into Argyle, even ki th^ midst ct
summer ; and used to boast, that he had nthe^
lose a hundred thousaisid ciiowna Ijtan that any
niottal should know the passed by Winch fAx armed
fo^ecoviA penetrate into his ciMtttry. When he
therefbM Aiq»ected nothuig less, the shepherds
came down in a panic from the hiik, and inform-
^ him that the enemy were not two n^iles distant.
Uncertain what coune to take, and almost dead
with fear by this unexpected alarm, he went on
board a flshing-boM, and consulted his owh safety
by ffight ; labUidoning his frieftds and followers^
and the whole country, to (lieir own fortune and
the mercy of the ^lemy. The shire of Aigyie is
a rdUgh tnountainoos countiy, and produces little
6t no com ; but is extreiiiely proper for breeding

108 UEMOaUi OF THE

cattle» in which chiefly consist the riches of the in*
habitants. Montrose divided hia army into three
parties ; he gave the command of one to the Cap-
tain of Clanronald, of another to Macdonald, and
the third he commanded himself; and sent them
out to range the country, and plunder and destroy
wherever they came. They spared none that were
fit to carry arms, and, in particular, they put to
the sword all the men whom they met going in
arms to the rendezvous aj^inted by Ai^le ; nor
did they desist till they had driven all the men
who were fit for sei;nce out of the country, or at
least obliged them to retire to lurking holes known
to none but themselves. They drove all their
cattle, and burnt down their villages and cottages
to the ground ; thus retaliating upon Argyle the
treatment he hadgiven to others, he himself being the
first who had practised this cruel method of waging
war against the innocent country people by fire and
devastation. Nor did they deal more gently with
the people of Lorn, and the neighbouring parts
who adcnowledged Argyle's authority. Thus they
were employed from about the 13th of December
'1()44> till near the end of January.

Montrose ever afterwards acknowledged, that he
had never experienced the singular providence and
goodness of God in a more remarkable manner
than at this time, in bringing him and his men
safe out of these parts ; for, had only two hundred
men possessed the narrow passes» and defended

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE* 109

them courageously, they m^kt eithor have entire*
Ij destroyed his whole army, oar at least have easily
prevented their retreat; or j£ the cowherds had
only driven away their cattle out of their reach»
which might easily have been done, they must un-
doubtedly have perished for hunger in that banren
country ; or, had the winter proyed as severe and
stormy as is usual every year in that country, they
must either have been drowned in the snow, or
froasen to death with the cold. But God had, at
the same time, deprived his enemies of idl resolu*
tion and coun^, and the season of its usual ri-
gour ; and the barrenness of die country in other
respects was sufficitt[itly compensated by the greatest
.dinndance of cattle.

Having left the country of Argyle, and gone
through Lorn, Gknco, and Loehaber, he at
length came to Lochness. And now he laid his
account, that the Highlanders, being either terri-
fied by the treatment he had given Argyle, or
being now delivered from the apprehensions of his
tyranny, would all be ready, to join him in defence
of the king's righteous cause against the rebels. .

But now, lest his invincible spirit should ever
want sufficient employment, he received intelli-
gence that the Eaurl of Seaforth, a man of the
greatest power in these parts, and of whom he
had all along entertained great expectations, was
coming against him with an army of five thousand
horse and foot i consisting of the garrison of In-

110 • MfilfOlRS OF THE

veraefis, who were all veterans, and the strength of
the shiiw of Murray, Qofis, Sutherland, and Caith-
ness, and the dan of the Frasera. Montrofe had
only fifteen hundred men ; for the men of Cfaou
rendd, and most of the Athole-m», had obtained
leave to go home, lad» with the booty from Ar-
gyleshire, on their promise to return so soon as
they were again called f^r, as he did not gnspeot
he would meet widi such opposition, or wonld
have such immediate occasion §ot them. However,
with this handful of men, he n^ade no diflloadty to
enoounter Seaforth's disorderly army $ for, though
he knew tiiat the Inverness garrison weie vetemn
soldiers, yet the rest of the army were but new
levied men, and consisted mostly of husbandmen,
cowherds, servants, and such like, and were alto-
gether raw and unfit ibr service.

When he had resolved and was preparing to fight
them, a trusty messenger came up to him, and in-
fbrmed him thsit Argyle had fallen down into
Lochaber with three thousand foot, which were
composed of some forces he had got from the low-
country, and such of the Highlanders as yet ad*
*hered to him ; and was then at the old castle of
Inverloohy. Montrose, who knew Argyle's crafty
but cowardly disposition, easily conjectured vriiat
was his design, and that he intended to follow him
at a considerable distance, till he had once engag-
ed wkh this north country army, and th^n to come
up and reap the advantage of that battle ; but that

MAB«UI6 or MMITB08E. Ill

be would at no rate fight himself if he could help
It He, therefore» thought it would prove a mat-
ter of far greater importaneoi and at the same time
of lesB danger, if he could attack Aigyle, and shew
that he could be defeated even in the HigUands,
where he was revered, by the ignorant country peo-
ple» like a god ; and if he succeeded, he was con-
vinced that Seaforth's army, terrified with the re-
port of a victory obtained over Argyle, would
easily be reduced and brought to order.

Montrose, who was then thirty miles from In-
verlochy, did not keep the common beaten road ;
however, he placed guards upon it, to prevent any
intelligence being carried to the enemy, but went
straight over the mountains of Lochaber» which no
army had ever before attempted» being reckoned
quite impassable, and unknown to every body but
the shepherds and the huntsmen, who frequented
them for sake of the deer, of which there are great
herds in these mountains. Having killed the scouts
whom the enemy had sent out, he was upon them
before they were aware. However, they were not
so much disconcerted with this unexpected visit as
might have been thought ; but imme£ately run to
their ums» and prepared to receive his attad:.
When Montrose saw that they were ready to re-
ceive him» he stopt a little till his rear» whidi had
fallen behind through the fatigue and difficulty of
the march» should come up with the rest. By this
time night came on» but the moon shone so clear.

ll^ MEMOIRS OP THE

that it was almost as light as day ; they lay upon
their arms the whole night, and, with the assistance
of the faint light they had, harassed each other
with slight sallies and skirmishes, so that neither
gave the other time to repose. Tliej all eamesdy
wished for day, only Argyle, more intent on his
own safety, ponveyed himself away about the mid-
dle of the night, and, having very opportunely got
a boat, escaped the hazard of the battle, choosing
rather to be a spectator of the prowess of his men»
than share in the danger himself. At break of
day, which was the second of February, and Caqi*
dlemas-day, Montrose drew out his men in order
of battle, and the enemy were equally alert in do*
ing the same ; for, as the prisoners afterwards ao
knowledged, they did not imagine that Montrose
himself was present, but only one of his principal
officers, with a part of his forces.

At length, i^ut sunrise, Montrose's trumpets
sounding, gave the enemy no small alarm i for, be-
sides that it was the signal of the horse, which
made them believe there were some troops of horse
along with them, a very extraordinary thing in
these parts ; they were thereby likewise convinced
that Montrose commanded in person. Nevertheless,
the chiefs of the Campbells, (that is, the surname
of Argyle's family and clan,) who were, indeed, a
set of very brave men, and worthy of a better chief-
tain and a better cause, begun the battle with very
great courage. But their first rank having dis-

MARQUIS w MMnrmsE. 1 18

(ohtfgod their fliiisiiettf only oiioe, MontrcMe'i mett
fell in ttpott them i^nioualy sword i» bandi with a
gteat shoHt, afid adtane^d with sueh ioipefcaoaity,
that «hey soon routed the whole army, and piit
them to flight, and pursued them for about nine
miles, miAdug a dreadful slaughter all the way.
There Vfere fifteen hundred of the enemy slain,
among whom were several gentlemeti of disthic^
tiMk of the name of Campbell^ who led on the clan»
and fell in the field of battle, fighting rather too
grilttSdy for the honomr f>f their dastardly chief-
tnn. Montrose, though an etiemy, pttied their
&te, and used his authority to sare and gtye quar*
t€^ to 89 many as he could. In the meantime,
Afgyle himself, who had got into his boat, rowed
a little way off the share, and looked on securely,
at a dfstanee, and saw his men thuir routed and
slain. Some officers whom Argyle had brought
with him fytm the low^comitry, retired into the
ca0file ; aud n hen the eastle was sutrendered,
Montrose received them vei^ kindly, and gave
tbem their liberty, disimssing them with several
ttaitfi of hid humanity and liberality.

Monferose had Several wounded in this battle,
but he had none kitied excepting three private
ttMt. However, the joy of this emtneot victory
vras madi «Amted by the death fif that worthy man
Sir Thomas Ogilvy, son to the Eari of Ah-Iy, who
died a few days after of the wounds be had receiv-
ed in the field. He had behaved very well in the

H

114 . MEMOIRS OF THE

king's service in England, under the command of
his father-in-law, General Ruthven, Earl of Forth
and Brentford; a man remarkable over all the
world for his noble achievements, and, from the
beginning of the Scots war, he had adhered close
to Montrose, by whom he was in a particular man-
ner beloved. Besides his reputation in a military
capacity, he was likewise well versed in the sciences,
and was in every respect an additional honour and
grace to the ancient family of the Qgilvies. As
he was a main instrument in obtaining the victory,
his death was answerable to the great character he
had acquired, thus falling in the defence of his
king and country. Montrose, who was very much
afflicted by this loss, ordered his body to be carried
to Athole, and there interred in the most magni^
ficent manner that the circumstances of the time
and phice could afford.

llie power and influence of the Campbells in the
Highlands, which for many ages had been formi-
dable to all their neighbours, was by this over-
throw entirely broke ; and Montrose had now the
prospect of executing his designs more easily for
the future; for the Highlanders, who are a very
warlike set of people, being now delivered from the
hateful oppression and tyranny of Aigyle, began
directly to offer themselves most willingly for his
majesty's service»

MABiftUIS OP MOimWSE. 115

CHAP. IX.

Montrose takes the town of Elgin» — Is attacked by Colonel
r/rry, tohom he puts toJUght» — Offers battle to Baittie and
Vrri/, — Deserted by Lewis Gordon^ and the most of that
daiu — Obliged on that accmini to retire north^-^In his way
he seizes Dmndee^'-^ Makes a surprising and sqfe retreat be*
Jbre the ccrocnanters* army.

Fhb Marquis of Montrose, having allowed his
pen some days to refresh themselves, after the im-
mense fatigue they had undergone, returned again
over the mountains of Lochaber, and came to Loch-
ness. From thence, passing through Strath-eni-
gig, Strathnaim, and Stratherin, he came to the
river Spey. There he was told, that a consider-
able body of the enemy was lying at Elgin, which
is the chief town of the shire of Murray, a country
that lies beyond the Spey. Montrose marched di-
rectly up to them, in order either to draw them
over to his side, or to suppress them by force of
arms ; but the very news of his approach dispersed
this little cloud, and they retired to their lurking-
holes in great terror. However, he continued his
march, and, upon the 14th of February, had the
town of Elgin surrendered to him by the inhabit-
ants.

116 nfEifomswTHB

At this time the Lord Gordon, eldest son to
the Marquis of Huntly, who, for his excellent
endowments, deserves the highest commendationst
left his uncle Argyle, by whom he had been de-
tained all along contrary to his inclinations, and
openly espoused the king's side, frankly offering
liis service to Montrose as the king's deputy and
general. He brought with him not many fol-
lowers; but these he had were all his choice
fKend^ and vassals. Montrose received him with
the utmost civility, and returned him thanks for
his offers ; but when he came afterwards to know
him more thoroughly, and had expi^^tiied his
hbiiour anil fidelity, he eht^r6d into the greatest
familiarity aiid ftiehdship with him.

As most of th6 ihbabitailts 6f the shii^ of
Miin-ay were extremriy addicted to thfe cove-
naiitefs, so that, oh Moiitfosg'd eotilitig itnong^
them» they haii withdrawn ^d Concealed theih*
selves. He had no grounds tb expddt ady issistante
from a pedpte so averse td his intet-est ; htt there-
fore ferdiighl his forces over th6 Spejr, ill Order td
raise the people of the shired of Banff and Aber-
deen, if the presence, the example, or the aiithoH-
ty of t^rd Gordon coUld have any influence with
them ; and having levied what forces he could ita
these parts, he proceeded, with an ariny of two
thousand fbot, and two huiidred hotse ; and having
crossed the river Dee, and passed the Grampian
hills» came into the shire of Mearns, and encalnp<>

MARftV» PF JWH8T1I0SE. il^

td IW^ f*r from F^iter^ro, A ho/if of ^e f o^
liMit^rs Jay at Ppeph^^ ahp»t «f¥pn milffi AMilPt»
commaoded by Sir /ojiq ^rry, polp^el pf a iiggir
went of jtqmfi^ whp had jt^e is^a^^^r i4 * «fry
brare aifd g^Uwt ofl^r^ j^^ f}me oi^^ith m
hmdx»A Iwffe p recOTjijaHpa M^rop^'f «tpei^;
^ 98 Ihs ifflafl^ed th^); MfWt^^^^» .^«4 ^V fm
fw^ fn4 no }v)i^ fit kII» ^9 ^?fipc(e4 tl|#(^ if Itp
sdnafild^ccmie 4owg i«^ the p^ ffi^Pudi M w<^
l>P«WB<tp giy» » gf^ afscfWAt ^b^qaj il^d »t ««f

retreat ^ith \^\^ hmf^. Jj^^i^;!»», |» 49fl»ivp fcm
9iid 4naw hfip on, ^ftfi^g «t^qned ^ fiiA( in a
low valley out of sight, exposed to his view only
two hundred horse ; but these he had as usukl
lined with his most active musketeers. Urry ^-
ing their numbers so sQiall, immediately led 09 ^i^
men to the charge^ but vb^eQ tq? lat|^, ob^ryi^g
Montrose's foot, who followed briskly at 1^
horses' heels, he caused sound n retreait ; and, that
it might be the more OTderly» posted himself in
the rear, where he behaved with great brave^.
However, Montrose's men pursue^ jthem wjith
great eagerpe^s till they ^^r^o^sed the river £sk;
end evm then they did not reckon themselves out
of danger, though riieltered by tlie darkness of die
n^ht, but run with the utmosf; precipitation foi:
twenjty-four mil^s, till tjiey ^caipe .(;o pi^ndee. ^The
party w^o pwwed ,t;bie$9i r«tiRmed that nigbt to
Fettemira, aad neat day thejfvihale ansyvan^-

118 MEMOmsOFTHE

ed to Brechin. Here Montrose was informed
tbat Baillie, * who bore the character of a rery
good general, had been caUed from England by
the' covenanters, and had got the chief command of
iheir forces ; and that Urry had joined him with
his horse, and that, besides these, he had got seve-
ral old troops, which had been recalled both from
England uid Ireland. So that the covenanters
seemed now resolved to cany on the war with
greater earnestness and vigour, and that hence-
forth he wonld have to do with another kind of
army, and with more expert generals.

Wherefore, to prevent his being hemmed in by

* Gt neral Baillie was a natural son of Sir Wilham Baillie
of Lamingtony by a Mrs Home, and born in the lifetime of
Sir William's wife, Margaret Maxwell, Countess of Angus.
He married Mrs Home after the death of Lady Angus, in
Older to legitimate bis son, but thi» proved ineffectual ; young
Baillie went to Sweden, served under GustaTUS Adolphus*
and was called into Scotland by the covenanters, l638. Nisi.
Her, II. 138. His two sons married the daughters of George,
first Lord Forrester of Corstorphine, whose patent of nobility
extended, as it was said, to the husbands and childr(*n of these
ladiuft successively. James Baillie, the hecond Lord Forrester,
was murdered by hit wile's niece, leaving no male issue of hti
first marriage ; his brother, the third Lord, did not assume
the title, which was long disputed in the person of his sun^
William fourth Lord Forrester, who finally, in the year 1698,
presented to the Parliament of Scotland the patent in favour
of the deceased James Lord Forrester and his* heirs, requesting
that it' migbt be recorded, whtcii viai accordingly done.

MA&aUIS OF MOKTROSE. 119

tbe enemy's hone, in which they were always su-
perior, he kept upon the most advantageous ground,
«nd marched towards the river Tay by the foot of
the Grampian hills, intending, if possible, to get
over the Forth, where he expected numben would
join him for the king's interest* Kit the enemy
suspected his design, and sent these commanders
with a very strong army against him to prevent it.
So soon as they came in sight, Montrose oflered
them battle, but they had no intention to try the
fate of an engagement, and did not even so much as
disturb his rear as he marched off. He went that
night to the castle of Innerquharity, and next day
to the village of Alyth. Here again he fell down
into the low^K^ountry, leaving the mountains at a
considerable distance behind him, and sent a
trumpet to Baillie with a challenge to fight him.
The river Isia ran betwixt the two armies, and
neither party could pass it safely, if the other
opposed their passage ; he therefore desired that
he would allow him quietly to pass the river, but
if he did not chuse that, that he would allow Baillie
to pass it safely, on condition that he would en-
gage his honour to fight without farther delay.
Baillie returned for answer, that he would mind
his own business himself, and would fight by no
man's direction, but at his own pleasure.

Thus Montrose passed several days in sight of
the enemy» without either attempting to cross the
fiver, in order to attack him, or his having any

100 wsuMRs <m TWfi

hope of foncing his pasa^ge over to tb^nb ^ w^st
of « body of borae. He tbeneiwd went (oewagd
to Dunfcekl, intendiag to cross the Ti^ ; wtoi
aa unexpected visfcMtiuiebftppcMd hi», bf which
he was almost entirely rukied. Lewis Oordtn, soa
to the Marquis of Huotly, who hsd foogbc tg^iust
Idontrose in the battle at Aberdeen, hailf some
little time before, tiirough the medietion <^ his
noUe and worthy brc^her the Lord ^jordon, been
received into &vour with Montrose, and had joia*
ed him. He, by means of some letten;, which he
either pretended he had recetvod from his father
the marquis, or which were re^y wrMe by kisi
from his oonceahnentt preMiied upoa aknost «11
the Gordons to desert» and actually carried them
off without his brother's kaowledge ; leaniig
Montrose and him in the most Innniaent da^giar
firom the enemy, who were then near at hand :
and truly it is doubtful, to which of the two,
Montrgse or his brother, he bore the j^seatest
enmity.

Montrose was very much discoBcerted bylbl^
unexpected revolt, which made it absolutely steceo*
sary for him to return to the north country in or-
der to recruit his forces. Howewr, he did not
seem to alter his intended march to ttie f or& ;
and this caution seemed to have the^esised irfEsct;
for his spies all agreed, that the onemy to a man
had crossed the Tay, and gone to take 'possessioa
of the fords upon the forth» in oeder to{>re«eiiit

hk pontgvw Accofdiogly^, lie pi^anil for his
iftfmb Mrd»wnrd9; lHlt« tiial: ke night noi; «oem
to kftve done notluiig ef moMNit i^ this i/vhik, he
tkioigght at wqmU be • piwe «T good aenM», if, \sf
ikB wajr* be could itim m the town of Dundee;
«hieb i^tts a jooost eeditiow [deee, aEnd a fakhfid
neoqptade to the rebdsm these piit8,.h»mig contrl-
bnted as siueh aa any elfaer town in the kiagdoa
to cacry on the rebellion ; and was kept, at (hat
time, bjr no other ganrisen iboa the Inhahitaiits.
He sent bis weaker troops, aoA those who iv»e
but ttghtly armed, together with his (heavy bag-
gAge, in by the foot of the hills, and ordered tbces
to meet hzm at Brechin ; and he himself, wilih
what horse he had, which were in ail but a bun»
jdred ssid iiftgr, and six hundred li^ muaketecis,
set out from T^mkciri about midnight, «nd nade
sMch expediticn, that he eame to Dundee by ten
o'etock in the monuBg, on the 4di 4)f ApriL He
i— lodhnUfliy aumnuined the townsmen, if they con»
auhed Idieir 4>wn safety aad that of the town, to
suiresider; bvt if tbey refused, he threatened
them wilii «fiee end «word. They spent some tnae
snthout retaming any answer, and at bttt they
put tbe trumpeter in prison. Montrose, highly
ponnreked with tins affltmt, stormed the town in
three dUfcrent qoaitera at x>nce. The townsmen
endearoored ibr some tune to oppose them ; but
die IririuQsn and the Higbhuiders made their
«ssanlt with such fury, that they qnicUy drcm

Aem from their stations, and making dmittelvea
masters of their cannim, turned them against the
town. At the same time some of them broke
open the gates, and took possession both of the
diurch and the market*phice, while others set the
town in fire in several pkces ; and had not the
common men, by an unseasonable greed of plunder
and desire of strong liquors, immedi^ely fallen
to pillage and drink, this opulent town had un-
doubtedly been soon burnt to the ground» This
very thing, however, contributed to save the con-
querors no less than the vanquished ; for it hap«
pened that the information given by the spies, of
the enemy's having crossed the Tay, was alto»
gether false ; they had, indeed, seen a few troops
cross the river, which they apprehended waa the
whok army ; and by this mistake had well nigh
ruined themselves and their own army* Montrose
was standing upon the hill which overlooks Dun-
dee, beholding the skirmish, when his scouts oame»
in the greatest consternation, and informed him«
that Baillie and Urry were not above a mile di»*
taut, with three thousand £bot and eight bun*
dred horse. He immediately called his men
off from the town, . but not without the greatest
difficulty ; for, imagining themselves now masters
of the town, and being a little heated with liquor,
and much taken with the h<qpes of the rich booty^
which they already counted all their own, they could
hardly be persuaded to leave it ; and before they .

MARQUIS OF MOXTROSE. 12S

irere actually all brought off, the enemy were within
gunshot of the last of them. Montrose's council,
as almost always happens in critical conjunctures,
were of yarions opinions.* Some of them advised
him to consult his own safety, and to go off with
his horse ; for, that it would not be possible to
bring off the foot, who, after being suflBciently
tired with a march of upwards of twenty-four
miles in the morning, were afterwards quite spent
with the fatigue of the engagement through the
day, and were now loaded with plunder or oppress-
ed with drink; besides, that they behoved to
march twenty, and perhaps thirty miles from Dun-
dee, before they could safely stop. This, they
said, was the chance of war, and to be borne with
courage, especially ias he himself had often given
the enemy much greater overthrows; and that
there was no doubt, if he were only preserved, but
he would soon recruit his forces ; whereas, should
any misfortune hefall him, the case would then be
desperate, and the king's a^rs utterly ruined.
Others exclaimed, that as all was now lost, nothing
remained but that they should fall honourably;
that they should therefore rush in upon the thick-
est of the enemy, and sell their lives as dear as
they eould. Montrose concurred with neither of
these opinions ; he could not prevail with himself
to desert snch brave men in the most imminent
danger ; and preferred an honourable death, in the
tampany of his own men, to his own personal safe-

124p JtfEMQI&S <XP T«¥

tyt when purchased by «Hob a di^gracefi^ €Qn4uc|«
On the ether hand, for a n^9lbfer 89 un<^n*) to
rush upon the enemy, m^ «^ it w|er^| da«h ^$ir
heads against a stone, W93 the Jast reqie^y, and
not to be used rashly. And as Qod pug)it PQl^ to
be tempted by cow^iqe pr neglept, SQ nether
should his assistance he de«p9Jred pf by good Chrtf-
tians and me^ of com^e^ in a good AW^* He
therefore ^xhortied ^yery nian tft 4p his d#y, «od
to r^t the management te hi^ conduct, ap4 li^
event to God.

Accordingly, he firf t seiM^ off four h)Uid^#d fopty
and ordered them to march with all the speed they
possibly could, without brfaking their rank$« H?
then i^pointed twjQ hundred of hjs most aotivp
and swiftest men to fs^jow them ; and be hiin^eli^
with the horse, brought up th^ r^v } bjit h^ caqsr
ed theni march with tb^ir jrapks sp w)d?9 I^^U^ fer
ceive the light; muslfeteen^, if thei^e wa^ ^^.eedf
Haying thus jprder^d b^ waroh, bf did 90)t bfflv^i^
the enemy's fi^t cfMA o^i^ertake lnim ; and sbwld
thekr horse alone coine (vip %nA Httf<^ bjn, which hf
j3carce thought tbey wpujd venture npo|u hej^Xi-
pepted to bp able |;o pope mtk thfiVf .: amd it beiqg
now near sunset), 4^e darlui^syof (be Jti^t^ wpirfd
immpdiat^ly f»wwf tbw wlwa»- TbP ^enwy
haviE^ been inforwpd by 9m^ ffP^^WW ^7 klfi
taken, and having it /qpn^ed iby tjp^ op^i ^eW|
4;hat Mentnose wl^.«9t^ onj^ «pwi a mancb^ w4
no( to t^ W eng^^gPWeDt; 4iKidAd »th9rr ifo|;|^ MiA9

MABQUid OF ifOirmoaB. lii

two bsdieBt and pbMidi bfaii Thoir den^ w«i«
toot ojily that tbey might attack him at onee» both
ill the roai" md flank, bat likowiio tb octfl^y the
passes and pteVeot Ub gettitig up to the High-»
laridftf and, td enoounige their flAOii tho moro
eagerly to the parsuit, the genetal m a fHkf^ nt
«0^000 crowns u^n Montrose'g head^ By thttt
thne the foremost df thiElir boTM were ap With hie
rear; bat these ikoelleat laulketeef^ who weife
mixed ^idi his hdrse, brought dowtt three Of the
mdst forward, one after another } and the rest b^*
ecnning more cautious by their fate, they slacketied
much tf the eagerness of their purSuiti When
Montrose's men pereeived that they had got the
slart of the enemy^^ foot in the maroh, they redo*
vered thra- strength and courage, and turning
upon their horsey skirmished stoutly With them till
night parted them^ In order, by aliy means» to
eiiide die enemy^ they marched several miiee east-
ward^ by the sea-Coast ( though they did not in*
tend to proeeed that read, but to go HorthHvurd tO
the Grampian hills, tliat they might be relieted
from the enemy's hora^ which were do trouble*
soma to <^eia ; bat Bailtte had laid the greateM
purt of his army betwixt them and the Gtampiails^
to pvevettt their retraat» Tlierefore» about mid*
night, when they were not far from Abefbrothock,
he onhsTid hrs men to halt a littte ; aAd suspect-
iftg^ that ifl the roads and pass^ whkh led AraSgfat
to tho hHUlM ^Ald p]ft>bably be iittfercepted by thfr

IVd MOSBiOIBS.OF TRB

enemy's hoirae, in whidi, indeed, he was hot mis^
taken» he bent his march to the north-west, and
went on with all expedition ; and by this means,
though with incredible fatigue, eluded his pursu-
ers; and having passed by them that very night,
he immediately turned to the north, and next
morning at sun-rising, crossed the river of South-
esk, not far from the castle of Carrestoun. From
thence he sent to Brechin for the party whidi he
had sent oflP with his baggage ; but upon the firsts
notice of this expedition, they bad tdcen a safer
i^ut, and gone up to the hills. While he stayed
at Carrestoun, his spies brought in word that the
enemy's horse were already within sight, and that
their foot, being refreshed with meat and sleep,
were fast following them. He was not now much
afraid of them, being within three miles of the
Highlands ; but his men, who had already passed
three days and two nights without sleeping, .and
had all that time been employed either in march*
ing or fighting, had fallen so dead asleep, thi^
they could hardly be awakened by any means»
Tlie enemy being at last diverted by a slight skir-
mish, suffered him to take possession of the foot of
the hills; and, after all their trouble, returned
from this fruitless pursuit ; and he and his army
went up to Glenesk.

This is that memorable march from Dundee,
which, through the mistake of the spies, had almost
proved fatal to the whole army ; but by the inimi*

MARQUIS Qv fmnMOsz. 187

table omdact of the general, and his undaunted
constancy and presence of mind in the greatest
danger, can be paralleled by few. The reso-
lution and hardiness of his men, in undergoing
the greatest fatigue, was likewise surprising ; for
they marched about sixty miles, during which time
they were often engaged with the enemy, and con*
tinued constantly upon their march, without pro*
visions, without sleep, and without the smallest in-
termission, or refreshment of any kind. Whether
these things will gain credit abroad, or with after
ages, I cannot pretend to say ; but I am certain
that this narraticm is taken from the best iifonna»
tion, and the most credible evidence. And tmly
I have often heard those who were esteemed the
most experienced officers, not in Britain only, km^
in France and Germany, prefer this march of
Montrose to his most celebrated victories.

ISS MXMWRS «f rOA

CHAP. X.

Montrose returns lo Crieff^; — h attacked hy Baillie^ but se-
cures hk retreat,'^ Follows Vrry, and oUiges him to retire
to IiHtmei^^^thd ha$ti$ of Auldeme^ in which Urry it
de/caied^

Tub Marqais of Montrooe^ Imving thus made
gdod his retfeat beyond all expectalton^ pN% hk^
mm fldnetime to rest) and m the i^Eiean tmie re^
adired .«L the fbttovviog ss^asurdft for proseeuting
tte ^vt. Ha aenat Lord Gordo» away «^ his own
ooHlitr)|c# wiih such of kia men as had continMd
loyal aod faithful after hU brother Lewk'» reToIt^
in order to briag back tho^ whom his brother had
seduced, and likewise to increase his forces by
iome new recruits. This he executed with the
greatest resolution and cheerfulness» sparing none
who had the least concern in the villany ; and in
particular, exercising a just severity on such as had
been either the advisers or promoters of his bro-
ther's desertion ; in which he was the mote active,
that he might acquit himself of all suspicion of hav*
ing had a hand in it ; and, indeed, neither Mon-
trose, nor any other person, could detest the trea-
chery of his brother more heartily than Lord Gor«
don himself did. At the same time Montrose, in

MAaaUIS OF M0NTBO8E. 129

Older to make a diversion in these parts, and there-
bj distract the enem j, till such time as he had got
his forces together and recmi^ his army, march^
ed through Angus into Perthshire, with a small
party, having retained with himself no more than
five hundred foot and fifty horse. This appeared
afterwards to be extremely well judged ; for the
oovenanters had sent Colofiel Urry with a com-
mmad of six hundred foot, ail old troops, and two
hundred horse, to support their own party and
suppress Lord Gordon } and Baillie himself staid
with an army at P^h, as in tiie heart of the king-
dom, ready to act as occasion required. Montrose
was come the length of Crieft^ a village about
twrive miles distant from Plertfa, where Baillie was
inibmed that he lay very securely with a small
piarty ; and, being careful to cateh every opportu-
nity» he set out from Perth in the b^insing of
the night, with his whole army, and marched
with great expedition, thinking by break of day to
surfHrise Montrose in his quarters ; but he found
Montrose was not so inddent as he expected, for
he was fUly upon his guard, and had Jus foot drawn
up under arms, and leady either for an engagCr
ment or a march. He himself tqpon notice of
tiieir approach, advanced with his horse to discover
the strength and namberi of the enemy ; and find^
ing they were two thouaand foot md five hundred
lierse, he ordered his men to march off with all
speed, and| keeping along Stratherne, to occupy

130 MBMOIRS OP THE

the passes leading into it. He staid behind with
the few horse he had, and guarded the rear, to
prevent their being harassed in their march by
the enemy's horse ; and, indeed, they made a very
fierce assault ; but he received them so warmly,
that they were put in disorder, and obliged to re*
tire with the loss of several of their men. His
foot, in the mean time, after a march of six miles»
made themselves masters of the pass of Stratheme ;
so that the enemy were obliged to return without
any success. Montrose lay that night, which was
the ISth of April, at Locheme, and marched next
day to Balquhidder, where he was met by the Earl
of Aboyne, and some others, who, encouraged by
the accounts of Montrose's success in Scotland,
had made their esci^e from Carlisle, and at last
returned to their own country.

From Balquhidder they advanced to Loch-Ka*
trine, where they received intelligence that Urry
had raised a considerable force in the north, and
was ready to fall upon the Lord Gordon. Mon-
trose was justly afraid that Urry, who was a very
active and experienced officer, would, by his su-
perior skill and strength, easily overpower this gaU
lant young nobleman ; he therefore thought it ah*
solutely necessary to oppose Urry as soon as pos«
sible, both to secure his friend from such imminent
danger, and that be might attack the enemy while
they were divided into separate bodies, and thns
cut them off by degrees, as he very well knew they

10

MA&HUBI OF M0NTB08E» 131

woqU be by fiir 4Ui ayermatch for him weie they
aU Hnited. AceordiBgly» he set forward by very
long continued maxehes, passing through fiaU
quhidder,. and up the side of Loch-Tay, which is
twenty-four miles long, and from whence ifae xiyer
Tay takes its rise, and so through Athole and
Angus; then crossing the Grampian hills, and
going through the Strath of Glenmuck, he came
into the heart of Mar, where Lord Grordon
joined him with a thoieand foot and two hundred
horse ; from thence he went directly to the Spey
to find out the enemy, and, if possible, to force
them to an engagement ; and had come within
«ix miles of them when Urry did not imagine he
had as yet crossed the Grampian hills ; for he had
gone on with such amazing rapidity as to antici^
pate all accounts of his motions. Wh»& Urry
found him so near^ that he might not be obliged
to fight before he got a considerable reinforcement
of jiew auxiliaries, which he was expecting, he
crossed the Spey in all haste, and as he had ap*
pointed Inverness for the place of rendezvous for
all his forces, he marched to Elgin . in his road
thither ; however, Montrose was not Long in com-
ing up to £lgin after him. From thence he made
all haste to Forres i but Montrose overtook him
there likewise, and pursued him so close for four-
teen miles together, that, even with the favour
a£ the night, he had much ado to reach Inver-
ness.

19S HEMOIBt OF TB&

N»t dsy MoBtroae enemptd at thfe vllhge of
Auld6iTDe« And Urry,. ^facii he Came to Inver-
ness, found, according to hb expe<ttatioh^ the Earls
of Seaforth and Siitherhnd^ the clia of the Fre-
sera, and sereral from the shires of Mtfmty and
Caithnessi all convened in arms to the rendezvous
which he had appointed there. To these he ad-
ded some veterans that were in the garrison of In-
verness ; and with this army, which now consisted
of three thousand five hundred foot, and ibur hun-
dred horse, he marched up directly to Montrose :
but as Montrose's army was far inferior, and consist-
ed of no more than fifteen hundred foot, tfnd two
hundred and fifty horse» he had a much greater
mind to retire than risk an engagement with Aich
inequality. But Urry pressed him. so hard, that
there was scarce a possibility of a safe retreat ; and
Baillie, with his south-country army, which was
yet stronger than Urry'si and more formidable on
account of his horse, was now advanced a great way
on that side the Grampian hills, and was marchiiig
with all expedition to the Spey ; so that Montroae
was reduced to this dilemma, either immediately to
give Urry battle upon very unequal tormi, or run
the greater risk of being henmied in betwixt two
armies. He resolved^ therefore» to try the fortune
of war without delayi and to commit the success to
God ; and immediately set about diusing the molt
advantageous ground, and there to Wait the enemy.
The village stood upon a height, and covered the

MABQJ7I9 OF MONTBOSB. 13S

Bogjiboiiriiig vtUey ; ' bdUad tb«re wem some lit-
tle emiaences, whiofa overtopped it» and obicured
the view, eo as things eonld not be distinctly ob-
served, unless by standing very near* In this val-
ley be drew, up his fktfcest entirely out of the view
of the enemy : he placed a few chosen foot, along
with his cannon, befmre the villi^e, where they
were covered by florae dikes that had been cast up
there. On his right wing he placed Alexander
Macdonald and four hundred foot, and stationed
them in a place which was accidentally fortified
with dikes and ditches, and was also beset with bush-
ea and stones ; and ordered them in all events to
proaene themselves entire, and on no account to
leave their station, which was naturally so well for-
tified, that they wereqikite secure from any attack^
not only o( the enemy's horse, but even of their
foot. At the same time, he very prudently gave
tfaem the char]^ of the remarkable royal standard,
which used to be carried only before himself, ima-
gining that the enemy» upon seeing it» would send
their best forces against that wing, where, by the
disadvantage of the ground, they could be of no
service ; by which means he would have an oppor-
tunity of making a successful attack from the left.
In diis view he carried all the rest of his men to
the OH[K)site wing, putting the horse under the
command of Lord Gordon ; and the foot he took
the charge of himself. By this disposition of his
men he had in efl^t no main army } but that small

134 ttEMdlltB O^ THE

bodywbicti he had stationed before dietown» woi-
der covert of the dikes» made a shew of one. And
as for a reserve, there was no room to thivk of
it, when his numbers were so smalL

The enemy, as Montrose had happily conjectar^
ed, so soon as they observed the royal standard^
immediately dispatched the best part of their horse»
with their veteran troops, in which their princ^Nd
strength consisted, towards that quarter^ and he*
gun their attack both upon the right wing, and
upon that party which was stationed befinre the
town ; atid congtantty, as thar men were fatigued»
they relieved them by fresh troops. Montrose
could not take this coarse, having so few men»
and therefore resolved to make a general aasaitlt
upon the enemy, with all the troops whieh he had
upon the left wing^ Just as he had taken this re<^
solution, a person, who^ prudence and fidelity he
could rely upon, came and whkpered in his ew»
that Macdonald and his party on the right mxxg
were put to flight. This did not at idl disconcert
him, and, from abundance of presence of mind, to
freyetit his soldiers from being discouraged upon
heariitg df this bad news, he called out to Lord
Gordon, '* What are we doing, my dear lord ? Oor
friend Macdonald has routed the enemy on the
right, and is carrying all before him. Shall we
k>ok on, and let him carry off the whole honour of
the day ?" With these words he instantly led on
the charge* Urry*s horse could not long with*

MABQUI8 OF MONTROSE. 1S5

atend the shock of the Gordons, but immediately
wheeled about and fled, leaving the flanks of their
army quite open and exposed. The foot, though they
were deserted by the horse, being superior in num-
bers, and better armed than Montrose's men, stood
it very bravely while they were at any distance ;
but coming at length to close combat, sword in
hand, they were forced to throw away their arms,
and betake themselves to their heels» This suc-
cess did not make Montrose foi^t the information
be had received concerning the condition of the
right wing, and he immediately hasted thither
with such men as he could get readiest, where, in-
deed, he found things in a very different situation
from what they were on the left, where he was
himself. Macdonald, who was a brave enough
man, but rather a better soldier than a general, ex-
tremely violent, and daring even to rashness, being
provoked with the scoffs and insults of the enemy,
disdained to shelter himself behind the dikes and
bushes, and, contrary to his express orders, drew
out his men from this defensible station, where he
was out of all danger, and faced the enemy ; but
be did it to his cost, for the enemy, who were far
superior to him, both by their horse and their num-
bers^ and many of them, too, old experienced sol-
diers, soon put his men in disorder, and beat them
back in great confusion ; and, had he not speedily
.drawn them off to an inclosure hard by, they had
every man of them been lost, tc^ether with the

136 MEMOntS OV THfi

royal standard. Howcrv«r, he made suffieieiit a«
mends for this rash mistake, by the admirable cau^
rage he displayed in bringing o£P his men ; for he
himself was the last man that came off the fidd^
and, defending his body with a large tai^get, he op*
posed himself to the thid^est of the enemy» and
thus alone covered the retreat of his men ; during
which, some spearmen oame so near him as to fix
their spears in his target, which he cat off with Imb
broad sword by threes and fours at a stroke. Wben
this party, with whom he was engaged in the in-
elosure, saw Montrose coming to his assistaKse^
and perceived that their own men on the left were
fled, the horse immediately run off; but the foot^
who were mostly old Irish soldiers, foi^ht deape-
rately, and fell «Imost every man m his rank where
he stood. The victors iUIowed the ckaoe for sotne
miles. There were slam of the enemy about thvee
thousand foot, among whom the veteran sekUen
fought very bravely ; but almost all their horae
escaped, by a more timely than honourable flight.
And even Urry himself, with some of his beat
men, who went last off the field» had undoiditedly
fidlen into their hands, had not Lord Abo}^ uo-
luckily displayed some ensigns and standards he
had taken from the enemy, and, instead of pursu-
ing them, gone up directly to his own people,
whereby they believed, that it was a fresh party of
the enemy coming on to make a new attack ; and
they were so long embarrassed with this mistake^

MARQUIS OV MONTROSE* 197

the enemy's horse, though scittered and in
t disord^t had sufficient time to get off cut of
anger, and only a few of them got to Inverneys
Urry before nei^t morning,
f the enemy, the remarkable persons that weoe
were Campbell of Lawers, who was colonel
1 old regiment, aud Sir John and Sir Gideon
rays. There were dso some other very farare
f whose loss might justly have been lamented,
they not Uack^ied thdr otherwise eommend-
qualities of courage and bravery, by exeriing
I in the service of this horrid and unnatural
liion, in which some of them did not so much
w their own opinions as the humour of the
s, and the ambition and avarice of tbeir «hief-
. Of those who fought with Montrose on the
he missed only one private man ; and on the
r wing, where Macdonald commanded, he lost
fourteen private men. But there were seve-
vounded, whose speedy accommodation and
Montrose looked particularly after himself.
or his prisoners, he treated them with great
ness and discretion. Such of them as repent-
r their rebellion, he set at liberty, and enlisted
as inclined to his service ; but those who were
nate he disposed of into different prisons. Ar-
lid Napier, son to Lord Napier of Merchiston,
lontrose's sister, had some little time before
away from Edinburgh, without the participa-
of his father or his wife, and joined his uncle ;

1S8 MBMOIRS OF TAB

and, in this battle at Aulderne, gave a noble speci-
men of his courage and gallant behariour, and dis-
played the fixed principles of an excellent disposi-
tion. On this account, the chiefs of the covenant-
ers at Edinburgh laid hold of his father, who was
now near seventy years of age, and as good a man
* as Scotland had bred in this age, and his lady^ the
Earl of Mar^s daughter } Stirling of Kier, his bro-
ther-in-law, a gentleman of great worth, and chief
of the name, and one who had suffered a great
deal for his loyalty and affection to the king, toge-
ther with his two sisters, the one Kier's wife, and
the other yet unmarried, and threw them all into
a dungeon, where they lay till they were after-
wards set at liberty by Mr Napier himself, with
the assistance of his uncle. This battle at Auld-
eme was fought on the 4th of May 1645.

Hi^42in8 OP MONTROSE. 139

CHAP. XL

f joined by ^aiUie.—They prvooke Montro$e tojight.^
e marches south against Lord Lindsay. — Deserted by
? Gordons^^Gains ihe battle of Alford^^The Lord
rrdon kUbd.

B Marquis of Montrose, aket allowing hid meit
3 days Tefireshment, inarched to Elgin, which
e chief town of the shire, where he made the
;er stay for the sake of his wounded men, who
^ here better accommodated with surgeons and
Icines, than they eould posnUy be in a c«mp.
ri crossing the river Spey, he advanced by
h and Frendraught to Stnithb<^e« Here
ie, who was now joined by Urry and the
3 which had escaped from Auldeme, encoun-
[ with him, and endeavoured to force him to
]gagement« However, as his own men were
I spent with their late fatigue, and far out^
)ered by the enemy, especially in horse, he
tied fighting, till he had recruited his army,
;ot some fresh troops. Yet he had much ado
ep back his men, who, wearied as they were,
however extremely eager to engage. Ac-
ngly, he acted only upon the defensive ; and
g chosen a most convenient post, mahitained it
he eirening, and then marched off to Balveny ;

I4U UJ&M019S OF TW

whither the enemy followed him soon after : then
passing through Strathdon and Strathspey, he went
up to Badenoch ; but the enemy getting possessicm
of the opposite side of the river, kept pace with
liim, and continued all along to provoke him to
fight ; but he still declined it, resolving not to
risk a pitched battle, till he had increased his
strength; however, by harassing them with fre-
quent skirmishes, and often beating up their quar-
t^^ in the titghtHwe, he m mpfh ^/mkwed their
pMrer wd br^lie Uieir coung^ th«t, ^VF^ver 4^^
ing and intflepid they bid bi^hnrtft «lyp^w^» hpth
Ihe (^Bleers and oomqioii mw wv9 9^wi with fi
pmie, and retreated to lav^m^^ in t^ night-
time in the gpreatest disorder* thop^ ^ope purimed
then*

Montrose was iMit a little pleased at baviqg gat
so easily rid of this troublesome enen^y, espeeif4lF
for tht» reason : the Earl of linds^y» who was ^
priDcipd leader of A» eoYW»iM:er^ qejt to Ar-
gyle, and at the same tin^e his rival, ap beii^ bro-
ther in Jaiw to the Duke of Hamiltaft# bad all along
eiclaiiried against Argyle for ¥s bad Qouduct, «pd
want of tfoonige ; or at leaat, however it h^pened»
he Gomplaitted that he was always uafiNrtumite.
He had aceordingly had the ioAttene^ t^ get the
commwd of an arosy whioh ww then new r^isMl
conferred upon himself, expectang to wmage mat-
ters to better {NtrpoM, when he had the power ia
his own hands. Montroae was infbnwd that im

MABQUIS m MONTBOSE. 141

already prisaed o?er irith Kikamy into Ajq^
iGt as s reaarve for fiaiUie; and, if thingi
lid not siiccead with BailUe to their wish» that
7ould at least be ready to pfevent Mootroae
1 crossing tbe Forth j £ar they were all abng
h afraid lest he dioald come to the sMth side
«"orth, and Oirry the seat of war nearer Edin*
rh. As be understood that Lindsay was still
Lngus, lying at the castle of Newtyle, he re-
3d to suppress him with ail qpeed, which he ex^
ed would be no very difficult task, Lindsqr
self not having any reputatioki as a soldier, and
nen idi raw, new-raised troops» and imaoquaint-
ntb the hardships of war.
1 prosecution of this design, he set out &mk
snoch, and, crossing the Grampian hills,
:hed through the heads of Afar, and, by veiy
; and painAd marcheB,came to tbe banks of the
r Airly, intending to attack the enemy at una-
»; which he might very easily have adcom-
led, being ehready got within seven miles of
Isay, before he knew any thing of his approach.
ry tting was in readiness to give the finishing
ce to this expedition^ when the whole north-
itry forces, dbnost to a man, deserted» and ti-
ed, to their own oonntry by the very abme road
hadlaflelycone. The reason of it was uttcertain,
oecaaiolmd varions conjectuits. . .As £ox Lord
don, no person oould show a greater eoooeiki
this nneipected treacheiy, or hmtc resentr

142 ICSUOIRS OF THE

aient against the offenders than he di^ ; insomucht
dsat it was. with extreme difficulty Montrose could
hinder him from resolving to pnnish with deatk
such of the deserters as bebnged to him.

However^ some were of opinion that they had
been seduced away by Lord Aboyne» who was then
absent from the anny on account of his health» in
consequence of some ^vate orders from his father
the Marquis c^ Huntly ^ who, as he was a man of
a very haughty envious disposition, was extremely
irouUed at Montrose's success ; and no leas un-
easy to see his eldest son so closely connected with
him in the strictest bonds of friendship. What-
ever was in it, Montrose was so struck with this un-
looked-for misfortune, that he laid aside all inten-
tion of attacking lindsi^y ; and was forced to bear
with patience the loss of a certain and glorious
victory, ihus in a mapner wrested out of his
hands.

This obliged him to take another course ; and
having sent off Colonel NirtJianiel Gordon, a geq-
Plenum of great bravery and fidelity, into his
own country, w}iere he was much esteemed, to
endeavour to raise some forces there, he himself
followed him. By this time Baillie tfid Urry had
returned from Inverness, and were encamped upon
the side of the river Dee, in the lower Mar.
Montrose^ in the mean time, marched through
Gleashee, and the Braes of Mar, and was come
into the heart of the country called Cromar. • In

MARQUiS OP MONTROSE. 143

VisTOBii as lie passed through the Broes of Mar,

lie dispatched Macdonflld with a party into the

fartbest Highlands, to conduct the forces raised

there with all diligence to the army. He then

sent off Lord Gordon» that by his influence and

authority» which was very considerable in these

parts, he might assist and forward the colonel in

making bis levies ; which he did with very great ac«

tivity and success» and amongst other gentlemen

brought back his brother the Lord ^boyne. While

matters stood thus in Cromar, the Earl of Lindsay

joined Baillie in the lower Mar : Montrose, being

much inferior to them, as his army was so much

(veakened by the parties sent off with Lord Gor-

Ion and Macdonald, retired to the old castle of

!!Largarf, in order to prevent the enemy's falling

fpon him in a champaign country, where they

light overpower him with their superior numbers ;

ut here he thought himself in no danger from

lem, when he was so near the mountains. Here

ord Aboyne, again falling sick, went off to Strath-

igie, and, under pretence of a guard, carried off

th him a considerable party of horse, which his

>ther Liord Grordon with no small difficulty after-

rds prevailed upon to return to the army.

Fn the mean time, Lindsay took from Baillie'a

ly a thousand old experienced soldiers, and

e him in return as many raw undisciplined

3 of his own : thus furnished, as if he intended

le mighty exploit, he passed through the

144 . MBMOiaS OF TU£

Mearna, and retetaod into Angus; frmntbencfe
he ranged through Athoie with his army, and
plundered and burnt all that country» whidi tras
the upshot of this great expedition : therein imitafe*
ibg the examine set him by Argjrle» whb first in-
troduced that cruel practice of burning houses and
corns; whereby he became much more terrible
than by his sword, especially wheii he happened
upon towns or villages where there were none to
oppose him.

General Baillie was now gone to besiege the
Marquis of Huntly's castle of Bog of Gieht, *
which was reckoned the finest in all the north
country, intending, if he should not be able to re-
duce it, to plunder and bum all the country round
it, which belonged to the Crordons* Montrose,
who wanted to let dip no (^ppwtunity of oUiging
the Marquis of Huntly, and his friends the Gor-
dons, and of securing them to his interest, marched
up with all speed to their assistance, though Mac-
donald was yet absent with a very considerable
party ; and, in the way, havmg got iaformatioo
dist the greitf^ part of Baillie's army consisted of
new raised men, having parted with most of his ve*
terans to Lord Lindsay, he wished earnestly for
an opportunity to fight him as soon asposnble, and
accordingly maiched straight up to him. He had

* Now Castle Gordon.

iiARapia ^F MoinnuwB^ 145

•\

notjomkad three miles» when the memfsnooatB
qipeared in view. He, therefore, dispatched some
expedidotts men v.ho were i^uainted with the
country to discover their strength and posture.
Thej return^ very soon, with information, that
tlie foot were posted on a rising ground about two
miles off» and that their hqrse h^d possessed a very
flarrow dii&pu|t pass, which lay almost hslf way
betwixt ijae two armies, and were advanced a little
m ibi^ side of it. Against these, Montrose immCf»
liately sent off whajt lu>rse were most in read^iess,
iipportp4 by some light musketeers* At fi^rst, the
lemy entertained them at a distance with light
irmishiog, but they soon retired behind the pass,
!iich was so well manned with musketeers, that
e party durst not attempt it* Montrose, there-
re, ordered his foot to advance» and try if possi*
) to dislodge the enemy, but they were prevented
n^ht coming on, which separated them. Both
ue$ lay upon their arms all night, and next day
ntrose spnt a trumpet to offer them battle, but
lie returned for answer, that he would not r&-
^ his orders for fighting twtn bis aiemy*
refbre, perceiving that it was impracticable to
tbem out of this narrow pass without a rnani^^
isk, he withdrew to Pi(lurg, thinking thereby
;ice tbem out. From thence he went to the
of Druminnor, belonging to iMd Forbes^
he staid two days* Here he was informed^
)e enemy had at last quitted the pasSf and

K

146 / «&iMik8 €» 4«JB

«^e maiehkig; to Stmtthbogie; k^ tl«reii|Km sdt
out by di&y4nreak towards a Kttle vffliige eaifed Al-
Ibrd. HoW soon Bttillie had received eertaki in-
telligence that Macdonald was gone off to the
H^hlands ^ith a considerable part of Monttose's
forces, he advanced boldly against him, knagiDii^
he had been on the retreat, and came tip mth him
about noon. Moiitrote, havitig the advantage of
a rising ground, determined to wait there Cor the
enemy, who seismed to be marching directly up to
him ; but they turned aside about three miles to
the kft, so that he continued his intended roiite to
Alfdrd, where he passed the night, at about four
mites distance from the enemy.

Nest monnaog early, Montrose commanded his
troops to be all in reassess, and drew them «p in
otdet upon a hiH that stands above Alferd. He
bimaelf advanced at Ae head of a tro^ of horse to
observe the enen^s motions, and while he was ex-
spiining the fords (^ the river Don, which runs by
Alford, he was informed that their wIk^ fimes»
both horse- and fbofe, were marching fiist up to pos-
sess themselves of a fiml which was eboat a mile
from AUbrd, mtendilig thereby to cut off his re-
treat ; for they stdH imagined he was flying beCire
them, anidwere by that means drawn on to their
own destruction. He thereupon left his troop ^
hovse at asmalt diMaace from the fbrd, witii some
pvoper persons ob whom he could rely^ to bring
Urn iocottigeiico of what happened;, and rstanse^

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 147

alone to order hia battle* He first took pofsessio»
of tht hill above Alford, where he might cenve-
oiently receive the enemy's charge, if they 8hottI4
fall on briskly ; behind him there was a marshy
ground full of ditches and pits, whereby th^r horse
ifouJd be prevented from falling upon his rear, ai4
in his front there stood a steep hill, which covered
him entirely from the enemy, so that they could
hardly see his first ranks. He had scarcely well
finished his dispositions, when the troop of horsey
\yhich he had left at the ford, returned in full oi^
eer, and informed him, that the enemy had cros*
ed the river, so that neither army could now re-
ire but with manifest loss. It is reported tihal;
tailJie, who was an experienced and wary general,
as forced to this engagement much against his
dination, by the rashness of Lord Balcarres, who
>mmanded a regiment of horsje, and bad precipi-
ted himself and his regiment into danger, so as
37 could not be brought off without risking the
olearmy.

IVf oiitrofle gave the command of his right wing,
ch was opposed by a superior force of the eae^
8 cavalry, to the Lord Gordon, to whom he
ed Colonel Nathaniel Gordon, an old expe^
ced officer; the left he committed to Lord
yne and Sir William JElollock ; his main body
cominanded by Glengary, and Drummond
ger of Ballach, assisted by George Grahami
er-m aster» all of them brave and well expa^

148 MEMOIBSOFTHE

rienced officers. Mr Napier^ his nephew, was at
the head of the body of reserve» which was entirely
covered by the hill. Matters being thus ordered,
Montrose stood for some time on the rising ground,
and the enemy in the valley below, in a manner
fortified with ditches and pits, without either of
them advancing a step forward ; nor was it indeed
advisable for the one to charge up the hill, or for
the other to attack an adversary so advantageously
posted. On either side, the number of foot was
Tery near equal; each having about two thousand ;
but fiaillie was superior in the number of horse,
for he had full six hundred, whereas Montrose had
not above two hundred and fifty ; but these, in-
deed, were all gentlemen of resolution, who served
as volunteers in defence of their royal master, and
who would rather die gloriously in a just cause, than
turn their backs in the field of battle ; whereas
fiaillie's were listed from among the lowest class of
people, and fought for pay, having little discipline,
and far less honour to excite them. Besides, as
most of the veterans were carried ofl^by Lord
Lindsay, Montrose made no question but this
crowd of raw militia would be terrified with the
shout of his men, and the sound of his trumpets,
and would yield at the first onset ; therefore, in
full confidence of success from the justice of hii
cause, and the bravery of his soldiers, he made the
first naotion, and drew down his men. The Lord
Gordon began the battle, and gave the enemy a

11

MARdtJIS OF ttONTBOSE. 149

yery smart charge, which was warmly received by
them, relying upon the number of their horse ; but
tky came very soon to close fighting, and both
sides maintained their ground with such obstinacy»
that none could advance a step forward but over
the body of his vanquished enemy, nor was it pos-
sible to retire, those behind pressing on with such
eagerness. The Lord Gordon, and his assistant
Colonel Nathaniel, were the first who cut out a
passage for themselves and their men, by a great
slaughter of the enemy ; when the Colonel imme^
diately called out to the light musketeers who lined
bis horse, to throw away their muskets as now use-
less, and to fall upon the enemy's horse with their
Irawn swords, and cut them to pieces : they imme-
liately obeyed his orders ; and Montrose, at th^
ery same time, bringing up Mr Napier and the
ody of reserve, which had lain concealed on the
ther side of the hill, the enemy were so much in-
midated at the sight of these fresh troops, that
ey immediately gave ground and fled. Aboyne
pt at a distance with the left wing, and engaged
i enemy only in skirmishing with small parties^
; upon seeing their opposite wing entirely rout«
they also retreated without any considerable losst
3 foot, being thus deserted by their horse, con-
edj notwithstanding, to fight for some time most
^erately, and refusing quarter, were almost
y one killed on the spot. Nor would their
e probably have escaped so safe^ but for the

1 JO Bf£MOIItS OP THE

fSite of the Lord Gordon, who, after he had routed
Ihe enemy, nifihed fiercely among the thickest of
«hem, and received a shot in his body from some
of the ^ying men. His fall stopt his own men in
the putsuit, their whole concern being immediate-
ly turned upon their dying lord ; neither could
Lord AlK)yne, struck also with his brother^s death,
pursue them vigorously.

In this battle Montrose lost not one private man ;
and of gentlemen only two, Culcholy and Milton,
whose names and families I should willingly have
inserted, had it been my good fortune to know
them,* being the smallest recompense their fate
deserved, l^us falling honourably in the field, in
defence of their king, their liberty, and laws. Nor
must the gallant behaviour of the livery-boys, both
Scots and English, be omitted ; many of them
scarce fourteen years of age, who, throwing oiF their
masters' baggage, mounted the sumpter-horses,
and not only riarmed the enemy with the shew of a
body of fresh horse ; but as rivals of their masters^
bravery, beyond what might be expected from their
«trength and years, charged with great forwardness
among the thickest of the enemy, where some of
them were slain, but not without selling their lives
very dear ; thereby in their youth giving proofs of

• Mgvfit of AUwhoUy, «nd Qgilvy of Niltoa-Hb^ w^re
bmied in the church of AUbrd '-^SpaUmgt Hist

10

M4«iiUi». OF MQHTBOSE. 151

sOdtiVidattBtisd cousitge m vvo«ld h«r0 hwi cm^^
ineodabk eten in riper years»
Th^ was a geoem} kmentation for the hm of die
Loti Gordon, whose death seened to tolipte aU
lih^ glorjr of (heir Tietory. As the leport spntad
imovg the soldien, every one appeased to he ateuek
djmb. with the mefaineholy news, and an univenal
sileiice piewiled for some time through the anny..
Howewi their grief ao<nL burst thmigh all vsf
sUmAf rentoig itself in the miee of lamentotioii
and sorrow. When the fijsst traoaperta «re osraiv
the. soldiers exc]aine4 againat heaarea attd earth
for bereaving the king, the kingdom, andthenif
selves, of such an excellent young nobleman ; and,
unmindful of the victory, or of the plunder, they
thronged about the body of their dead captain }
some weeping over his wounds, and kissing his
lifeless limbs ; whilst others praised his comely ap-
pearance even in death, and extolled his noble
mind, which was enriched with every valuable quali-
fication that could adorn his high birth or ample
brtune : they even cursed the victory which was
nought at so dear a rate. Nothing could have sup-
orted the army under this immense sorrow but
he presence of Montrose, whose safety gave them
y, and not a little revived their drooping spirits.
I the mean time, he could not command his grief.
It mourned bitterly over the melancholy fate of
3 only and dearest . friend ; grievously complain-
1^9 that jone who was the honour of his nation^

ISi MSHOIBS OF TH£

the oHument of the Scots nobility, and the boIdU
est asserter of the royal authority in the north» in
Yhort, his best and bosom friend, should be thus
cat off in the flower of his age : but hopfaig, that
time and reason would assuage his immoderate
grief, he ordered the physicians to embahn his
corpse, which he afterwards conducted to Aber-
deen, where, with a pompous funeral, and all mili-
tary solemnities, it was interred in his own presence
in the cathedral church of that city, in the menu*
ment belonging to his family.

This battle at Alford happened upon the 9d of
July l6ifS.

UARQVIS OV MONTROSE. 153

CHAP. XU.

Montrose marches southxvartL — Receives a considerable rein*
Jmement/rom the Highlands. — The covenanters hold a
parliament at Perth»^-^They march out and attack him
in his cainp- at Methven*i»ood. — He escapee thevu-^Te
joined by the Gordons and Ogilvies^*^Marchu into
Stralheme,

The evening of that very day on which Montrose
rained the battle of Alford, he marched to the
;astle of Cluny, where he allowed his men but a
ew hours refreshment» wd proceeded directly to
he banks of the river Dee. From thence he dis-
atched the Earl of Aboyne, who, by the death of
Is brother. Lord (rordon, had now succeeded to
3 command, into the country of Buchan, in order
leyj more men to recruit his ariny, which was
w diminished by the Highlanders going home
h their booty after the battle. And as Macdo*
d was not yet come back, he remained for some
e at Craigston, ^ waiting both his and Lord
jyne's retUm. But finding that these recruits
e not sent up to him so speedily as he expect*

Hather CrabBton, situated becwixt the Don and Dee^ a
^les from Aberdeen, there being no place of the name
ug^Unx near the river Dee.

\M UEMfiIRS OF TH£

ed, and growing impatient at so long and unsea-
sonable a delay» be crossed tbe Dee, and, march-
ing over tbe Grampian hills, fell down into the
Meams, and encamped at Fordonkirk, wbicb was
anciently famous for being the burial-place of St
Palladius.* From thence he dispatched a message
to Lord Aboyne, who was tben at Aberdeen, to
hasten him to tbe army with wbat forces he had
levied. Aboyne obeyed the message ; but his re-
cruits were not very numerous. He therefore sent
him immediately back to the north country, to
raise what more forces he could, and bring them
with all speed to the camp. He himself marched
through Angus, and in his way was met by his
cousin, Patrick Graham, and the Athole-men, who
had determined to stand by him to the. last drop of
their blood. Macdonald also joined him with an
excellent body of Highlanders^ among whom wa^
Maclean, the chief of the name, a very brave man,
and remarkably loyal, with about seven hundred of
his clan ; the Captain of Clanrooald, a man of
great renown among the Highlanders, and above
live hundred of his men ; the Macgregors also and
the Macnabs, two clans inferior to none in bravery
and activity, following each their respective chief-
tains, but of their numbers I am uncertain ; and

* It was tbenca called Padk4dtrk. This place k na lest
remarkable for haviim giyea hinh to J^amm a JPerAm, ao-
thor of the Sccii-Cknmicon.

MARQUIS OF fifONTROSE. IS5

GieBgAry, who deserves a skigahr conmiendatiom
for his bravery and steady loyalty to the king, and
his peculiar attachment to Montrose, whom he had
nerer left ftT>m the time of the expedition into Af-
gyleshire, had by his uncles and other officers
brought up about five hundred } there were, be-
flidesi several of the Farquharsons from the Braes
of Mar, who were men of approTed valour, and al-
so a small number from Badenoch, of real courage
and bravery*

Montrose, being thus reinfcMt^d, resolved to pe-
netrate into the heart of the kingdom, not only to
put a stop to the enemy's levies in Rfe, and be^
south the Forth, but likewise to break up the par-
liament, which the covenanters had, with great so-
lemnity, appointed to meet at Perth.* But he was
)revented from putting this design in execution by
he want of horse, whereof he was always in such
carcity, that it was seldom or never advisable for
im to fbll down into the low country. However,
; he was daily expecting to be reinforced by
boyne and Airly with a considerable body of ca«

* The parliament which should have met at Edinburgh
I, on account of the plague which then roged th^re, ad-
rn^ pQ ^cjflfDgj wb^e |t sat down upoo the Sd of Jqly
5 ; but the plfigue breaking out there also, tb^y adjoum-
t to Perth against the 24th, and ordered ^11 nobleman»
lemen. and heritors» to be there in person, well mount-
vritb what forces thej could raise against that time, un-
t savava paaalty.

156 . MEU0IB8 0FTHE

valiy» he crossed the Tay at Dunkeld» and encamp*
fed near the river of Almond, and his approach
struck the enemy at Perth with no small terror*
He then drew nearer them» and next encamped in
.the wood of Methven.

AU the enemy's foot^ the garrison of Perth ex*
cepted, lay lipon the south side of the river of £rn.
The horse, who were left as a guard for the town
and parliament, observing Montrose's scouts, gave
the alarm that he was at hand, and would be im-
mediately at the gates, intending without doubt to
storm the town* The nobility, and other members
of the parliament, were thereupon earnestly advis-
ed to save themselves by a speedy flight. Montrose,
in the meantime, had not above an hundred horse»
and theirs amounted to upwards of four hundred.
In order to increase this panic, he advanced next
day towards the town with his horse, and the like
number of musketeers, whom he mounted upon
the baggage-horses, and drew them up in such a
way as to have the appearance of a great body of
cavalry. Upon this the enemy thought proper to
keep within the gates. He therefore turned aside
towards Duplin, and took a view of the other side
of the Em, and of all that Strath, as if he had
horse enough to keep that whole country in subjec-
tion. This appearance of his made the enemy be-
lieve that he was equally strong in horse as in foot ;
.and therefore they gathered together what forces
they oouldi from all quarters^ to impose his crossing

r HARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 1^7

tbe Fdrtb, if he should attempt It. In the mean-
tfme, as Montrose judged it unsafe for him to fall
down into the plains» both parties remained quiet in
their stations for several days, — ^the covenanters
waiting for supplies from Rfe, the counties be-
south the Forth, and from the west, and Montrose
expecting a like reinforcement from the north*
Lord Aboyue being very slow in bringing up his
new levies, he sent to hasten him up before he
should lose this q)portunity of defeating the ene-
my. He complained, but in a friendly and gentle
manner, that, merely by his remissness, he had lost
an eminent victory over the rebels, ia which they '

night have been entirely defeated ; however, he i

[id not doubt but the opportunity might yet be re- j

Dvered, if he would make dispatch*

When the enemy discovered that Montrose had i

?ceived them with a sham-muster of his horse, and i

ing now vastly superior to him even in foot, by
3 additions they had got from all quarters, they '

ranced to offer him battle, and resolved at any
^ to force him to an engagement. He there-
• thought it prudent to retire for some time into I

neighbouring hills, where he was sure the ene*
would not follow him, neither could they at- !

»t it without a considerable loss*
i^cordingly, so soon as he perceived their army
«aching towards Methven» he ordered his bag- I

to march with all imaginable speed towards
Us^ and drew out his army as if he intended

15S MEMOIRS OF THE

to fight, digposing his horse in the iront^ ^uod 3a-
euring the passes with strong guards* The enemy
made no doubt» irom this appearance, that he was
resolved to hazard a battle } but his intenticns
was only to gain time till his carriages were fairly
out of danger. Then he ordered the army to
march off, all in one body and in close ranks, plac»
ing the horse and some of his best musketeers in
the rear, to cover their retreat from the enemy's
cavalry. On the other hand, the enemy, who ex^
pected no less than a present engagement, seeing
Montrose's army retiring, pursued them at first
very briskly, but to no purpose ; for, having occu^
pied the passes as they went along, they easily re-
pulsed them ; and so, without die loss of one maa,
made good their retreat into the hills, whidi were
inaccessible for the enemy's horse, and where they
were quite secure from any attack from their foot*
In this retreat one thing happened well worth
notice. When Montrose's horse were come very
near the passes, the enemy, who perceived they
could net now pursue them much farther, that
they might not seem to have let them sHp through
their fingers, without attempting something, dis-
patched after them three hundred of their strong.-
est and best horse ; they came up boldly with a
great idiout and very iqsulting language. When
Montrose saw them, he picked only twenty clever
Highlanders» who» being accustomed to hunting,
were extremely gpod iB«rLsmen,.and sent them

MAMIDIS OV WMTBOSE. 1^9

hxk ta xiaatiae their iraDlenee. They went for*

wird creeping all the way» and, concealiag their

ffm, took their aims so well, that iittj farovght

downthemost forward of the party ; whose £ite» as

beingsomeof the beat note asnoi^ them» made the

i^more cautious, and so they lesdved to retreat :

kt these expert huntsmen^ elated with their first

success, snd seeing the enemy in confusion, follow*

ed them down into the plains, and resohttely at*

tacked tlie whole party, who, putting spurs to

their horses, fled with the utmost precipitation^ like

80 many deer before the hunters.

The enemy then took possession of the can^
which Montroae had left in the wood of Methren,
iiaving gained no credit by this expedition^ nor
lone any thing worth notice, farther than, in re-
enge of their late affront, and because they could
ot cope with men, therefore exercising their im-
oteat rage upon women, and shamefully butcher-
g sack of the wives of the Highlanders and Irish
w followed the army as fell into their hands,
ontroae stopt and quartered at Little- Dunfceld»
h becauae the ground there was unfit and im«
sable for heme, and that it was the most con-
tent station to wait for the recruits which he
daily expecting from the noith country with
d Aboyne. Here the two armies lay far some
very near, and in sight of one anothert
3ut attemptii^ to act upon the ofiepsivej

160 MEMOIRS OF THS .

and only continuing to obsenre one another's
motions.

At length Lord Aboyne, and Colonel Nathaniel
Gordon, came to Dunkeld with their recruits from
the north country ; they brought only two hun-
dred horse, and a huiidred and twenty musketeers^
mounted upon their carriage«horses in form of
dragoons, but no foot at all : this was far below
what was expected, but their valour and bravery^
in some measure, supplied their want of numbers*
Lord Airly and his son Sir David joined him
also with a troop of eighty horse, who were most-
ly gentlemen of the name of Ogilvy ; among
whom was Alexander Ogilvy, son to Sir John
Ogilvy of Innerquharity, a youth renuokable not
only for his comely presence, and the dignity of
his ancestors, but already loaded with military
honours beyond what was to be expected from lu&,
years. Montrose, having got this reinforcement»
resolved to march against the enemy directly,
without loss of time. When he came to the river
Almond, he received information, that several of
their late auxiliaries had deserted them, and re-
turned home: he therefore judged it necessary
to see what conditicm they were in, and if his in-
formation was just ; accordingly, having ordered
his foot to take some rest, he rode out with his
cavalry to reconnoitre : before sunset he came
in full view of the enemy ; who, being surprised
at seeing him unexpectedly so near them, imme«

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. l6l

diately retired behind their lines. Next morning
early he rode out again to reconnoitre, and was in-
formed that they had left their camp at Methven
late the night before, in an apparent fright, and
crossed the bridge of Em in great disorder. Up-
on this news he lost no time, but instantly hegia
his march ; and, crossing at a stone bridge about
six miles up the river, lay that night in Stratherne*

l62 Mi^Mohis' '6f TkE

CHAP. XlII.

The Fife^men rise in arms and Join the covenanter s,^^M on*
irose marches id Kinross ; crosses the Forth^ and encamps
at Kilsyth ; pursued by Daillies army^ toho attack him and
are entirely routed at Kilsyth,

Xhe shire of life is the richest and most popu-
louSy and the best planted with towns and villages
of any in Scotland. The inhabitants are by no
means martially inclined, being mostly merchants,
shopkeepers, sailors, and farmers. They are, of all
others, the most addicted to the new-fangled
superstitions, to which they have been seduced
both by the example and authority of the nobility
and gentry among them, and by the seditious
sermons of their preachers ; and in consequence
thereof, had very early, almost to a man, declared
for the covenanters. The country itself is in form
of a peninsula ; and is bounded on the south by
the Frith of Forth, on the north by the river Tay,
which is capable to receive ships of burden a
great way up, and on the east by the ocean : so
that the only entry into it by land is from the
west, which is but a narrow pass, and was at this
time possessed by both armies.

The whole shire was on that account in an up-

UiRXjtUIS OF MpNT^OSE. |63

roar, '^beir wofthy miiiistefs ,w$rCtW>t j^e,^b»t
tluuujlerod put their exfiqpaiifuniqy^iQns^ag^ig^tji)!,

of,wliateyerj;e,j^Qk, or cw^4itipp» y^W> ?!?fluld
not t4e,up,anps. i^m^e pfr^gtibeiwd Jhwr
anathemas by . pomp^ing < tl^te . country ^pepple , to
laVe; nun^ersjilocli^ed unJ;o.t]|;|ig^l, .afl^^ptib.QW^ftb-
.sfiafldedj^^coVi^ing^s fh?y,,were,wroflgliitj«ppniby
supef^Uffon^ fi9nfidf5nce,, jpr : f^.

^fl0^i^e,,pai»e«ly de^^ 4e-

3isivef^if^tle,,j)ef9r^JtJjey <houldjJ)ei jpinfjci by this
lewj^ fj;miF\fe : ,.hm tJ^ey JJTPK sqi»4yj»Pto«e.
usly pcn^, fropi.tbe natfiral pituAtipn pf^tbe
round, and the narrowness of the passes» tb}tt.be
mid neitber. s^ely, ^tfack^ t|i^m» ^or^^Uure^lihem
\tQ£ iih^ir iAtreD(;)iipents. *
Having o^er^d th^l^ battle pnpe ^nd qgajn, he
olved tq penetn^te ix\^ th^I^art.pf.tb^cpuntiiry }
i c^ipe .tjba length of J^prQ^,,with. a ,?9j?jw Jto
veat the levies they we^e m^dd^g (th<ere,.ai{d:,in
es attbq sapie timeto dxjm them ppt of ^bcur
leases (o X\xe asi^tance ,.of , th^eir , dj;|t;rp^s9d
ids. l^he enjemy aUpwed.biin to. njwch ^ff
out the legist (disturbance; ^nd.,ipimfdiatejy
ng; anothei^ way, tjx^y i^^e v^hat. b^e ^h^Y
to tbe eiftst part of: Fjfe, k^§p^9g iPlRW,by t^e
of the. river?. iof Ern §pd Tay.
mtrps^i 4»?pat?h?4 C9J/>?^ek,lJatb*pid(?qtd^n

ey lay then at Kilgiratoiii hard by the bridge of Em.

164 MEMOIBS OF THE

and Sir William RoUock with a small party of
horse, as an advanced guard, to view the country.
This party separated, and spread themselves abroad
through Fife in order to receive the more exact
intelligence ;' so that no more than ten men re*
mained with the colonel and Sir William, when they
unexpectedly fell in with a body of two hundred
of the enemy, chiefly horse, who were recruiting
in that quarter ; and being too far advanced to at-
tempt a retreat, with these twelve men they
charged the whole two hundred, and put them to
flight, having killed some and taken others pri-
scmers.

Montrose reached Kinross in the evening. As
the shire of Fife was deeply intoxicated with the
prevailing superstition, and, on that account,
thoroughly attached to the covenanters, and dis-
affected to the royal cause, he made no doubt but
they were now all in arms. And- judging it
would be highly imprudent to risk an engagement
with such a multitude, both of horse and foot, as
they would probably have, he resolved to cross the
Forth. Two reasons induced him principally to
this motion; he expected that the people from
Fife would not easily be prevailed on to march be-
yond the limits of their own country ; and at least
that they would soon be wearied out by the fatigue
of long marches, and would leave the army, by
which means their strength would be considerably

diminished ; and, as they were educated and ac-

11

' MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. WS

I

cu8t(«Ded to trade and agficukure» and employed
in the otker more peaceable scenes of business, he
made no doubt but they would quickly be sick of
the hurry and fatigue of a military life. More^
over, the Earls of Lanark, Cassils, Eglinton, and
others, zealous covenanters, seeing the seat of war
drawing so near their own quarters, were busy le-
vying what forces they could in the borders and
west of Scotland. It was therefore his business
to prevent these levies, or endeavour to persuade
these noblemen to return to their duty,;before they
had joined Baillie and his array.'

Accordingly, decamping from Kinross, he ad-
vanced towards Stirling, and lay that night 'within
hree miles of that towq ; and next day, sending
ff* his foot before him, he marched slowly after
ith his horse, suspecting that the enemy were fol-
mng him hard in the rear.
And indeed he had conjectured right ; for his
es brought him word that Baillie was already
roaching with a more numerous army than evex
iad ; and soon after his scouts coming in si^t,
of them was apprehended, who jmfcNrmed Mon-
^y that he believed Baillie was to march all
night, intending, if possible, to force him to
ngagement before the Fife-men were sent
, who, he said, were already heartily tired»
<e believed would not easily be brought to
the Forth, reckoning they had done their
now that their own country was ^]ir&eA

1*66' MEMOmS OF THJB

from a hosJi;iIe atmy. Frorh fiiis itiformlitidn hc^
saw there was no time t6' be Ib^t iti cub^hg the
Forth ; arid, alfter cbeouragirig Ws liicin t6 theii*
duty^ he hbgan his march ; and parsing;' by tlie
tbwn and* castle of Stirling, in whitih thfe en^iAf
had theii a vei*y strong garrisOfi, hfe cr6*ed' th6
river tfeit night, at a* ford f6\xr miles above the
tbwn. Next mbmib^ abotrt dby-bfeak, he hldt^
a little; aboiit six miles frotn StirKti^, v^hbre he
was rnforraed that thfe enemy had mt drOised thtf
Forth that nij^hi, but' had hin abbUC thtecf mSl^sr
from Stirling, on the Othei' side of thfe' rivei* ; Bxi4
continuing hiis marcfl, j^itehed his' titiip itv the
fields about Kikyth; Hfe cfrdeffed hk vtitfi td' W-'
fresh themsiWesv bfrt to b6 ready either fdt ixf Uti*
ga^ement or 4 maffeh Mpbn the first ihotiee, a» 06-*
elision should rfe^uiffe. Itt the tneUti timfef, tlifef
enemy crossed the Fofth, by a mueh betiet emd
shorter wif; at the bridge of Stirling, and en«
cshnped in the ^verlidg wkhin three miles of Kil-
i^yth.

Here Montro^ received Ihtelligence that the
Earl of Lanark, brother td the Duke of Hanliltbn,
fikd i*aised a body lit a thousand foot, and five'
hundred hohe; frdtfi amohg the vassals atid de-
indents of the HainiltoUs, in Clydesdales and the
plaeei adjaeent; and was Dot then above twelve
miles from Kilsytb i and that the Eatls of Cassils;
Eglihtoni 'Glencaitti; add other noblemen of the
<«otenahtbg ftcttdni wei« also busy raising the in-

h^^iifi^ of the wfjst; cp^x^try. As^ these, place?
bad ])ittigi:to exgerienqed aone of the ii^convenien-
ces of tl}8. war, they were the, more willing and
1^^ to ta|^e i^p. af ms^ and n^ight prol^ably soon
BfpQiinti tp ^ 90Qsiderable body. These things
comidi^eA, Mou^tro^e judged it absolutely neces^
sjfiy tp e9C0.unte]; Bpillie and his present army,
though more i\un^e;^oujs tjhan his own, before he
should }f^ joji^d by Lanarlf, and the other (orces
Grow, that c^^ntry* For should he delay till they
y^re uni^^* ^^ would the^ li^e obliged either ^
ight wi^h y^ry gr^at inequality, or return again tp
he lligblapdsi i^ot only with the loss of his labour^
Jt of hi? military reputation, which, ^y his fre-
lent victones, was now raised to a very hig^i
tch. On the other hand, the enemy, trusting
theif nup^ibers, and arrogantly imagining that
3ntro^ had, for some days before, made a run-
g marph before them, and had crossed the Forth
re through fear than design, were for attacking
directly, even in that ground which he had
len as the most advantageous. And so confi-
wpvid they of success, that their principal con-
was to prevent his retreat, and stop up his
g^ to t^q Highlands. Some people gave out
Baillie was very averse from fighting at this
but that he was obliged to yield to the im*
iity and authority of the Earl of Lindsay,
le other noblemen in the army, who com-
him to draw u his inen, and prepare for

l68 MEMOIRS OF THE

battle much against his indination. ^ However it
happened they marched up against Montrose bj
break of day. When he saw them, he said that it
fell out just as he could have wished, for that he
would supply the want of men by the adrantage of
the ground ; and immediately sent to take pos-
session of the strengths. He ordered all his men,
both horse and foot, to throw off their upper clothes,
and fight stript to their shirts ; which they cheer*
fully and readily obeyed, and stood prepared for
the attack, being resolved either to conquer or die.
His whole aimy consisted only of five hundred
horse, and four thousand four hundred foot ; while
that of the enemy was six thousand foot and a
thousand horse.

In the field of battle there were some cottages
and country gardens, in which Montrose had pla-
ced a small guard. The first effort of the enemy
was to dislodge them ; and they made a very brisk
attack, which was as warmly received. This a little
abated their courage, which being perceived by
Montrose's guard, they attacked them in their
turn, and beat them off with the loss of several of
their men. This successful beginning so much
animated a body of the Highlanders, who were

» Argyle, Lanark^ and Crawford-Lindsay, since theparlia*
mentS siUing at Stirling, were all joint commanderi along with
Baillie. Guthrie t Memoir i^ p. 191- Lanark had then left
the army, and gone about his levy.

MARQUIS OF BnttTTROSE. l69

liard by, to the number of a thousand, that, with-
Mout waiting orders, they run directly up the hill,
and thereby exposed themselves to the whole
strength of -the enemy. Montrose was much dis-
pleased with their rashness ; but yet it was neces-
<8ary to support them ; and indeed it is liard to say,
«whether their safety was more owing to the cow-
ardice of the enemy, or the speedy relief which
was sent them. The enemy's rear was very slow
in advancing» and while their van made a stand till
they should come up, Montrose got sufficient time
to send assistance to these resolute Highlanders.
At length he'' observed three troops of horse and
4wa thousand foot dispatched from the main army
^against them; and after severals had refused to
«undertake this nlesperate service, he accosted the
Earl of Airly, and told him, that these men would
undoubtedly be cut in pieces by the enemy's ca-
tahy, if they were not speedily supported ; and
*that the eyes and wishes of the whole army were
^pon him, as the only person capable to repulse
the enemy, bring off these men, and, by his grave
and'discreet conduct, correct the error which their
rash and imprudent valour had occasioned. Aitly
most cheerfully undertook this dangerous piece of
service ; and marched immediately towards the
enemy with a troop of his own horse, commanded
by John Ogilvy of Baldavie, who had formerly
iserved as a colonel in the Swedish service, and
was a very brave, experienced officer. The ene-

170 MEMQWa.QF, THR:

my oharged them att firsts witb grieat cour^go ^ ^
they could not long with$tmd. the I^rav^i^i of tb^
OgiWieSf and were forced; tq give way. Airly folr
lowed so close, that) thf^y fe]l back uppn tbeir foat»
and thereby thriev^ the^vall at Qnge into, eonfuaion»
This behavjour apd aucceafbof: the Ogilyji^si so much
aoiivated the re^ of tim aA*my„ tbat they qould no
longfiir be resteaia^d, but r)U^ed ^wa^ upon the
ett#iny, with a gi^^ak shou^j aa if they bad already
obtained the victovy* The eiieiny*9 horse were very
aoon put into disorder» and ft»d» leaving the foot
quite open apd exposed ; who ii9(nediately follow*
ed their example, and, throwing away their mn^
en4^vowe4 also to save themselves by flighti»
The pur^iti ewtmued fo^ fovrtew miles, in which
«lost of iHe rebels were killedi^ scarce an hundred
of tbe foot esei^ivg witb their Uve9» Nor did the
l>orae share a paiich better £|te» many pf thew
beipg killedi severaU taken prismers, wd the rest
entirely dispersed. Their whple baggi^e aqd ^nns
fell into the hands of tb^ eanquerora, Mpntro^p
loet only u% mm ; three of them were gentlemep
of the name of Qgiivy, who fell in the attack made
by Lord Airly, to whiph the vic^tpry was ip a great
neifiure owing.

The not^emen who were in the poFwanters' ar-
my saved themselves by a timely retreat, and the
swiftness of their hojrses. 6ome of them reached
the cattle of Stirling i while others got to the
Frith 4)f Forth, and iRent ^kmr^i aome «bliw they

MARQDis'aFnffDirPtiosE. 171

found lying at anchor in the road. Among these
was Argyle, who now for the third time saved
himself by means of a boat ; and even then he did
not reckon himself secure, till they had weighed
anchor and carried the vesselr out to sea.

Among the prisoners were Sir William Murray of
BlAbb, Jataes Aniot, brother to the Lord Burleigh,
and' Colonels Dice and Wallace, besides several
oth^r gentlemen of note ; all of whom Montrose
dismissed upon their parole never to carry arms
against the king.

This is the famous battle of Kilsyth, which was
fought on the l5th of Augnst l:64i5, and ia whieh
six thousand of the rebel» were slain.

172 MEMOIRS OF THE

CHAP. XIV.

Oreat alterations in the kingdom upon the mctory at KiUyth.^^
Montrose enters Glasgotc^ — Is joined by several of the no-
hility. — Receives the surrender of the city of Edinlmrgh^-^
The prisoners discharged by the covenanters. — The peace of
the toest country settled.

I HIS victory at Kilsyth gave a very different turn
to the face of affairs through the whole kingdom.
The covenanting nobility immediately dispersed,
and fled to different comers. Some of them went
to Berwick and Newcastle, others to Carlisle,
others to Ireland, and some one way, some ano-
ther. Many who had secretly favoured the king's
cause begun now to declare their sentiments open-
ly, and to make frank professions of their loyalty,
and offers of their assistance. On the other hand,
8uch as had been in arms with the covenanters be-
gan to plead their excuse, alleging they had been
forced out against their inclinations by the absolute
tyranny and oppression of the enemy ; and now
submitted themselves to the pleasure of the con-
queror, humbly begging his protection, and im-
ploring his wonted clemency. Deputies were also
sent from the most distant shires and cities, to

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 173

profess their allegiance to the king, and all duty
and obedience to Montrose as his deputy^govemor;
and at the same time to make ofkr of what assist-
ance they could afford him of men, arms, or other
warlike necessaries. The nobility, the chieftains^
and other men of power and influence in the coun-
try, came also in great numbers to congratulate
him upon his success, and to make him tenders of
their assist^ce. He received all that came to
him with great courtesy, and granted them an ab-
solute pardon and indemnity for the errors of their
past conduct. All he demanded of them was only
to exchange the rapacious and oppressive tyranny
of the covenanters, for the mild government and
tender protection of their most gracious sovereign.
He intreated them to lay aside their former unrea-
sonable animosities, and study for the future to
express their loyalty and obedience to the best of
kings, in a manner becoming dutiful subjects, and
not allow themselves to become the dupes of a se-
ditious, turbulent faction, whose only aim was their
own private interest ; for obtaining of which, they
had set the king and his subjects by the ears, and
had well nigh ruined both. For his own part, he
said, his only intention, from the beginning of
these troubles, had been to endeavour by force of
arms, seeing all other means had proved ineffec-
tual, to preserve the religion and liberty of his
country, to defend the king's prerogative, and the
^dignity of the peerage, and» in a word, to rescue

.the property and privileges .of his :fdXQW-sBb|eo(s
in. genei^, from 2 the x^ressjon and . tyranny «f <it
■xebeUious/faetieli; laadito restore tiieifieople to
their .ancicat , peace, > happiness, ittod splendour.
And if. this could be: biMNight about ^hji^hisvmeai»,
•he would return his thanks io i Good i for . waking
hkuf the instrument *of. so desiraUet&ivork ; : but if
things tumedi out coitfrary to hi&.wiflh,iJbe.jRr0uM
tat any rate solace himself with the{Jeaaur&>o£iha?-
ing ..dieoharged his duty to God,* to; the Jung, his
Mithly 'Vicegerent, and ..to all ^ood.jnen ; cand
«xrauld besides have» the approbal^ion of his>QiKn mm-
«oienee, for having uaed hisi>most;Jieafityi endea-
vours foiiobtaining these Jioble. ends.

Thawholoi country now resounded iMonlxose's
•pcaiae. Hi& unparalleled magnanimity and bra-
very, his happiness linidevisingr his, plana^ofiOpera-
tion, ^ audi his .quickness jiui executing *hem ; his
;unshaken 1 resolution; andi intrepidity, t even ia the
greatest: dangers,! and his patieneonin Jiearing tthe
flOfBrestf hardships, and' fatigues jhhis. f«ithfi4ness
and ^rict observiance of' his iprDmises.itQ;iu«h.as
jubmitted^and his demeney towiards hisprisoi^r^;
fin short,! ithatherjoic virtue which tdisplayiedritaelf
in alii his. nctions,. was e^tsUed .to the. skies,, and
fiHedtthemouths of AllTanks.of men ; and.seveml
-poema and panegyrics wiere wrote i up^n [this , ^KSCar
«sion to his honour. Most of these enooovuns ivere
•sinoere, and. well intended i but some of |:hein, :it
muflt be confessed,! prooeodedi merely £DOia iQCUft

r
/

MAitQirrs' OF mtmrtiosB. 175

' aitfi ^ifisimuktion. Such is the tidssitade^ of ha-
man affiiiirs, and the aifecticAis of the populace so
fleking ttnd precarioufi, that they now opeiaty threw
cmt their maledictions against Arg^^e, Balmeri-
iKOch/ Lindsay, Lottdda,'and the other i^ingleaders
bf the tdvenanters ; whMi imtifediatdy blffbr^ they
^'had rdt^^ted imd te?er^d as duties, but now ex-
ciahmefdagttiMt thiem' as the authors of all their
miseries.

Everything had thussocce^d^d^o^Monimse's
Wish. The northern parts* of the 'kin^om were
aecnred behind him; and he hid now a free
passage opened to the south, -the 'Covenanters'
strength "being' fadw every wheref broke, and their
- prineipal leaders, who, < from > a' consciousness bf
' their having had ihe chief hand inl fomenting the
retnellion, absolutely 'despaired of pardon, being

* withdratm, tor rather driven out of the kingdom.
'Though the enemy 'had now no-army in the field,

* yet inllelligence was brought of some commotions
in the western 'parts, and 'that the Earls of Cassils
and Eglinton, and some other promoters of their
cause; had incited the counties where they had any
inftuence to rctoew the war, and had brought to-
'g^tfaer a tumultuous 'body of about fout thousand
mto. Montrose, therefore,' the day afler the
battle of Kilsyth, marched down his army* into that
^art 0^ Clydesdde where the Earl of Lanark was
bik'sy levying liis' men : but when he received ac-
Gounte of 'the loss of the battle he fled. *This

176 MEMOIRS OF THB

Station Montrose reckoned the most conveikieBt
for his affairs, both in the south and west. From
thence he went to Glasgow, the chief town of the
county, and had it suiTendered to him. He enter-
ed this city amidst the general acclamations of the
inhabitants, having first ordered his men to abstain
from all manner of hostilities. He.madea striet
scrutiny into the conduct of such as were suspect-
ed of rebellion and disloyalty» and to terrify the
rest, put the principal incendiaries to death. He
staid not long here; but, in order to relieve the
inhabitants of the burden of bis army, marched off
the second day, and encamped at Bothwell ; and
as this was only six miles from Glasgow, lest his
men should return and commit insolencies up-
on the inhabitants, he indulged them with the
liberty of a guard of their own citizens to protect
the town. By this mild and gentle conduct, he
expected to win over the affections, not only of
the people of Glasgow, but of the other towns in
the south, in a more effectual, manner than by force
of arms.

While he remained at Bothwell, he received the
addresses of many of the nobility, some of them
presenting them in person, others by their friends.
Deputies also from many of the shires and towns
came to wait upon him, and assure him of their
fidelity and affection. Among the first who oSer-^
ed their assistance were the Marquis of Douglas,
chief of the noble and ancient familv of the

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 17/

Douglasses ; the Earls of Linlithgow, Annandale,
and Hartfieldv the Lords Seton, Drummond,
Fleming, Maderty, Carnegie, and Johnston ;
Hamilton of Orbiston, Justice-Clerk, Charteris of
Amisfield, Tours of Innerleith, a man of great
merit, who afterwards died bravely in the bed
of honour, with Stuart of Rosayth, Mr Dalziel,
brother to the Earl of Camwath, and several
others whom I have either now forgot, or think
flit to pass over in silence, lest, by this unseason-
able encomium, I should rouse the indignation of
the rebels against them, whereby they may suf-
fer more than can be compensated, by ascribing
to them all the merit and praise their loyalty de-
serves.

Montrose's first and principal concern, after the
victory at Kilsyth, was about his friends in prison.
His generous soul was touched with their miserable
condition ; they had continued long under the
hardships of a nasty and squalid imprisonment in
the tolbooth of Edinburgh, and had been condemn-
ed to death, for no other allied crime but their
loyalty to their sovereign, and were daily expecting
the execution of this sentence. He therefore
dispatched his nephew, Archibald Master of
Napier, and Nathaniel Gordon, with a select
paity of horse, to Edinburgh, in order to summon
the city to surrender, to secure its obedience and
fidelity, and to set the prisoners at liberty : but if
they refused to submit, then their orders were to

1 78 MBM0IR8 OF THE

atteck them with fire and sword. MHbeii they
came within four miles of the town, they stopped,
not intending to approach nearer, unless they were
obliged by the obstinacy of the citizens : this they
did, both to preserve the city and its inhabitants
from the fury and rapacious insolence of their
soldiers, who» considering it as the chief spring
and fomenter of this accursed rebellion, might» in
the transports of their rage and fury, be hurried on
to commit the greatest cruelties, and perhaps set
the city on flames, and consume it to ashes ; a
thing Montrose had principally cautioned them to
guitfd i^inst : as also to preserve their own men
from the infection of the plague, which then raged
in that place and the neighbourhood, and daily cut
off great numbers.

When the news of their approach reached the
town, an universal consternation seized all rai^ ;
they despaired of obtaining terms, and appeared as
frantic as if the city had been already in a blaae,
and an enraged enemy murdering and destroying
within its gates. Many, conscious of iheir guilt,
accused themselves as sacrile^ous, peijured, and
ungrateful traitors, and unworthy of that cle-
mency and ibrgivraess for which they so ardently
prayed.

They privately made application to the prisoo-
Ofs, and, in the most humble manner, entreated
them, out of cempasskm to the place» which was
already afanost ruined by the festilence, and ta the

llARa0I8 OF IIOVTBO8E0 179

imserablk remaiiis of tlie infaalritaQts, tliat iliey
would iatercede for lliem with Montrose, aztd by
Aeir good offices avert that rage, which they now
acknoiwledged they had jnstly provoked. Ail their
hopes, they said, were centered in their undertak-
ing Ais generous office, as the only mean to pre-
serve a sinking city from utter destruction. They
acknowledged themselves guilty of all the crimes
laid to their charge, but solemnly protested, that
shoiM ikej at this time experience his clemency
and goodness, they Aould atone for their former
rebellion 'bjr the most exemplary loyalty, and im-
plicit duty and obe^ence. The prisoners, whom,
not long before, even the meanest of the mob had
treated in the most contemptible and despiteful
manner, and had devoted to the gibbet, unmindfid
of tbe erne! treatment they had received, farther
than that the sensilde remembrance of it prompted
them to return thanks to God for thus bringing
about their preservation and deliverance at a time
when they so little expected it, encouraged their
enemies, and told them, that neither the king him-
sdf, nor Montrose, ills lieutenant, had any pleasure
in the ruin and destruction of his subjects, but
earnestly wished and laboured for their safety and
prosperity, could theybe oofly brought to see it
ebemadves. They «dvised 4hem fcHthwith to send
eommismoners to Montrose, to implore his pardon,
as nothing could moie effectually contribute to
mdlfify 'rtte heart of a conqueror than a speedy

180 HBMOIRS OF THE

submission ; promising to intercede wi(^ MoQtrOfit
in their behalf; and they did not diHibt but hi»
great and generous soul would allow itself to be
overcome with the humble entreaties and suppUcai^
tions of a distressed city.

The citizens of Edinbm^h, thus encouraged
with hopes of success» immediately convened Uie
town-council, in order to make choice of proper
commissioners to send (o Montrose. Among the
prisoners there were two especiidly eminent for
their high birth, and thoroughly acquainted with
Montrose. The first of these was I^udovick Earl
of Crawfurd, chief of the ancient and pobl^ fiimiiy
of tl^eXindesays, a person famous for Im military
achievements «broad, in the Swjsdish, Austrian, and
Spanish services. The £arl of Lindpsay, his cousin,
from fm ambition to attain to the title and honours
of Crawfurd, thirsted for his blood, and had such
address and influence with the covenanters, as to
get him condemned* The only crime they laid to
his charge was, that he had served the king his
master with the greatest fidelity and bravery, in his
ci^Mcity as a soldier, and they feared would sdU
do so, were he left alive. The other was James
Lord Qgilvy, son to the Earl of Airly, wba was
very highly esteemed by Montrose, and was, be*
aides, odious to the rebels, both for his own and
his father's courage and power. And, as he was
a declared enemy to Ai^le, both on account of
the ancient animosities that . subsisted betwixt the

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. l^i

S| and some reoent injuries they had receive*
ed fmm Argjlef he was, therefore, accused of the
sune crime with Crawfurd, and condemned to the
same punishments The council of Edinburgh
made choice of these two noblemen from among
the prisoners, and set them at Iflierty, earnestly
imploring them to use their intereit with the lord-
governor in their behalf, and assist their deputies
in obtainii^ their request, thereby to preserve a
city, already sore afflicted with the avenging hand
of heaven ; at the same time wishing destruction
to themselves and their posterity, if ever they
should prove unmindful of the fiivour, or ungrate-
All to their benefactors*

These two noblemen eheerfitlly undertook this
eftce, to the great satisfaction of the whole city»
and, having joined the del^ates, went out to meet
the Master of (^»ier. In his way towards Edin-
buigh, Napier had released his father and qpouse.
Sir George Stirling of Kier, his brother-in-law,
and his sisters, from the prison of Linlithgow, to
which they had been sent by the covenanters from
the castle of Edinburgh ; and, now being attended
with this agreeable company, and by the city de-
legatBBp Mr Napi^ returned directly to bis uncle.

Montrose was transported with joy at the sight
of 1» dearest friends Crawftnrd and Ogilvy, whom
he met with the tenderest embraces of friendship,
having been so long deprived of their company and
-assistanee. He congratulalied diem on their safer

182 MEMOIRS or THB

ty and delivenmce^ and ps9fi them alt the mpwfc
dnd accommodatioit pasiibls^ as a cooadatMa, in
some degree, for their long confimenient. On %hm
other hand, they esqaresaed the ntsaoBt gratitiid»
to him, and extoUed him as t^keir avenger and dcN
IWeret ; both patties thus seeming to vie with one
another in mutual exprenaonaof thm affeekion and
esveem*

The cky delegates were then admitted to au-
dience ; they made a fiee awrrender to hun of the
town, and bumUy dqirecated his vesD^geanc^ and
implbred hi» pardon and fbigiTeneBB, pranising, in
n*Me of the whole inlmbitatxts, an invioUble ide-
lity and obedience for the future^ and committii^
Ataiifrhte and aU tiieia eoneems to hia patronage
and ptoteetion, which they humbly entreated hn
would grant them. They psftaaJsed also imtni^.
8tl% i& nktuk aU the piiibnen in their custody,,
abd detailed htai to assnre lumaelf that any ihii^
ehe he dboutd desire of them riuHdd be tnstantljr
ebraptM with. The town, they said» had been
almost d^poptthted by a dreadful [dagiie, so thiit
no sttp|iHes of men couU be expected from it ; bnt
they if^tt reldy to contoibnte all they eouM todi»-
fray the expense of what tnops be night rane in
othlir places. Abo?e alK they moat eameatly im-
I^ored htm toiiitevdeie for them with their mott
gtefoibM and mereifiU hiig, to obtain his pity and
paiddh^ and that he weald not condemn Ae whdki
city for ^he citoie of Inbettinn^ iolta wUoh they

10

MABdUIS OF MONTROSE. 183

had been inToIved by the onft «nd example af a
few seditious men» armed with power aftd authori-
ty. Montrose gave them reason to hope for the
royal forgiveness ; and the only conditions he de-
manded of them were sacredly to observe theur loy«
alty and allegiance to his majesty for the itttiure ;
to renounce all correspondence with the vAds,
whether within or without the kingdom : the castle
of Edinburgh, which he well knew was then in
their power» he required they should surrender to
the king's officers ; and that, as so<m as the dele-
gates returned to the city» all the prisoners shouU
be immediatdy set at liberty» and sent to his
camp.

The prisoners were sent him directly on their
return ; but as to the other articles for which they
had engaged, not one of them was performed.
This, indeed, was agreeable to their usual perfidy
and ingratitude ; for which the God of justice and
trath, and avenger of these crimes, will undoid»!*
edly infliet a condign punishment.

While these things were transacting, Montrose
sent off Alexander Macdonald and John Drum-
mond of Balloch with a strong party to tho weot
country to suppress the rising there, and frustrate
the designs of Cassilis and Eglinton. However,
they did not wait their coming, but dispersed in
the greatest panic upon the news of their ap-
proach. The noblemen and gentlemen fled, some
of them to Ireland, and others to their conceal-

184 MEMOIRS OF THE

ments. All the western shires, and the towns of
Ayr^ Irvine, and others, immediately came and
made their submission, readily oflPering their duty
and service j ♦ and, indeed, it must be allowed that
Montrose, much contrary to his expectation, found
no where so much loyalty and firm attachment to
his majesty's interest, as in these western parts ; a
great many knights and gentlemen of considerable
families, and even some of the first rank in that
part of the kingdom, taking the first opportunity to
join him. But it is proper at present to spare the
commendation and praise they deserve, rather than,
by naming them, to point them out as objects of
the cruelty and resentment of their implacable ene-
mies, for the good-will and affection they bore to
their lawful sovereign.

• •* After tllfe battle of Kilsyth, Montrose sent Macdonard
with a party to the west, to fright them that had not come to
express their submission, and to him all did homage; and no
where found he so hearty a welcome as at Loudoa Castle,
where the chancellor's lady embraced him in her arms; and
having treated hira very sumptuously, sent afterwards her ser-
vant John Hatdan, with him, to present her service to the
Marquis of Montrose."— GirfArtV* Memoirs.

JfABQUIS OF HONTAOSR. 185

CHAP. XV.

The intrigues of Roxburgh, Humef and Traquair.'^Thc
HigUanden desert and return home.-^Montrose appoint-
td captain general and lieutenant-governor of the king*
dom.'^Recevoes the kings orders to march southtoard,
and to join Traquair and Roxburgh, xvho deceive him»

jViontrose now turned his views towards the
south borders. To pave the way for that purpose,
he invited the Earls of Hinne, Roxburgh, and Tra-
quair to join him, and co-operate in promoting the
royal cause. This he wished the more earnestly,
as they were men of very great power in that coun-
try. He had, besides, great reason to expect their
compliance, as they had professed all along to be
zealous friends to the king, and lay under very
great obligations to him ; for his majesty had rais-
ed them from private gentlemen to the first rank
of nobility ; and had, besides, given them the lieu-
tenancies of the most opulent counties, whereby
they amassed considerable riches, even to the envy
of their neighbours, and the raising no small pre-
judice against the king on that account, lliey
had sent a message to Montrose, by some of their
principal friends, to assure him, that they were

186 MEMOIRS OF THE

ready to run all risks under his command and di-
rection, for the service of his majesty, to whom
they professed the highest obligations ; and would
immediately raise what forces they could, and join
bis army, if he would only march into that coun*
try with ever so small a party ; since by that means
their friends and dependents, and the other people
of these shires, would be encouraged by his autho-
rity and presence to join him the more cheerfully ;
and, on the other hand» aoch as refused might ei-
ther be compelled to rise, or would at least be easi-
ly kept in order. On this account, they earnestly
iatretted him to comply with their dedre, and he
should find nothing but the utmost fiddity and
readiness in them for the service. These were
fair promises» and apparently aineere ; but tliey
were observed with the same fiutk and exactness
usual with most of the king's farrourhes, who had
tasted most liberally of his bounty* However, the
Earl of Lanark, brother to the Duke of Hamilten,
fell not under this imputation ; be acted opmly
and above board. Montrose earnestly solicited
him, by some of his own friends, to return to his
fidelity and duty ; yet, notwithstanding he had
reason to expect not only a pardon for what was
past, but likewise his brother's enlargement, he an-
swered in plain terms, that he was resolved to hai«
no correspondence with that side of the question,
and would not therefore encoun^ th<im with vain
hopes. And happy had it been for his majesty, if

MARamS Of MONTROSE. 187

att those in whom that gilod king reposed the most
eamheraiit trnutf had, from the b^iniiiiig of these
Iwubles, i^ke out their minds with the same oa»-
dour and iDgeniiity.

About the same tiose, Montrose dis|M;ehed the
Maiquia of Doughs and the Lord QgilTy imp Ash
nandale and Nithsdale» in order» with the asBisteAee
of the EaHa cf Annmidab and HartSeld, to raise
what hones they couM in these counties^ and fin
march direotly widi sudi troops as they lefied intA
the esiates of Traqnair, Bnxburgh, and Hume»
and therehy oblige them, without fartber exeus^
to take {lart in die war. For Montrose, who had
now a thorough knowledge of the inelinaifcions and
practicea of most of theeaurtiers, and, besides, had
often had the expenenee of the inconstaney and
dfwfaie-dealing of these noUemen^ particularly of
Tmquair, suspected, and not without good groundf
that the pretended causes of their dehy were ta^
liraly affibcted. Douglas, Hartfidd, and Annan^
dales ezecnted their oommwion Tcry well, and had
sem lefied a body of meii^ which was jintbj cona-
dcraUe as to thdr number ; but they cowisted
BBOStly of ploughmen and diepherds, and were
^ukemacquainted mAi mflitaiy dise^Aine, though
at irat they expressed great forwardness, yet they
soon lest t^ar courage, and could hardly be k^
together; wherefore Dou^bs entreated Montrose
to hasteii sttd meet ^m at the Tweed with his
^«etanii tsoq», especlii]^ that^ by his poreseace and

188 MEMOIRS OP THfi

authority, and the example and company of his ex^
perienced soldiers, they might be brought, either
willingly or by force, to stand to their duty« In
the mean timci in obedience to their orders, tfaey
came the length of Strathgala, on purpose to af-
ford an opportunity, and their assistance, if reqni-
rite, to Roxburgh and Traquair to raise their mem
But this these noblemen had never intended ; their
views were of a different nature ; they had resolv-
ed to betray the king's cause, and, as they enyied
the glory Montrose had acquired by supporting it,
to ensnare him into his ^lemies' hands by fraud,
seeing they had no hopes- of effecting it by foree»
And as they were in concert with the covenanters»
and knew all their motions, they had certain infor-
mation, that David Lesly and the whole horse un-
der his command, were on their march to Eng-
land, and would soon be at hand. This» they
thought, would afibrd a good opportunity for per-
petrating their treacherous purposes. For this end
they sent frequent messengers, not only to Dou-
glas and his party, but even to Montrose himsdf,
to represent to them, in the strongest terms, that
they were ready to expose their own persons to the
greatest dangers ; but that they could not [»«vail
on their friends and dependents to take arms, and
that Montrose's own presence was absolutely ne-
cessary to animate and encourage them ; and to
obtain the greater credit to what they said, they
imprecated the heaviest curses upon themselves if

M AB^UIS OF MWTBOSE. 1 89

they should not sacredly perfonn whit they had
promised. These solicitations, however, were of
no efiect with Montroee, and he continued still at
Botbwell ; for he concluded, if they were really
Bincere and honest in their professiwis, that Dou-
glas and his party, who were still in their neigh-
bourhood, were abundantly sufficient either to en-
courage and animate their friends, or tQ compel
-them to rise in arms.

Montrose had now continued for some oonader»
able time in his quarters at Bothwell, when many
of the Highlanders, being loaded with spoil, de-
serted privately, and soon after returned to their
own country : their officers and leaders also (^len-
ly demanded liberty to go home for a short tinie.
They pretended that, as the covenanters had at
that time no army within the kingdom, th^e was
the less occasion for their presence ; and as their
corns had been all destroyed, and their houaes
burnt by the enemy, there was an absolute necessi-
ty for their going home, though but for a few
weeks, in order to repair their habitationa, and
lay up some winter provisions for their wives and
£unilies : therefore they earnestly begged a short
furlough; and, as an inducement to obtain it»
they solemnly promised to return in less than torty
days, in greater strength and numbers. Montrose,
perceiving that they were fully resolved to leave
him, and that it was not in his power to detain
them» aa they were all volunteer^ and served with»

11

190 MBM0IR8 0FTHB

out pay, tkoBght it Baost ^xpedieiit to disnm tfaem
with a good grace, in ordar to ingratiate himself
the more with them, and encoun^ their return.
He praised the bravery of the soldiers, and in the
king's name returned his thanks to the officers for
their services ; and entreated them to be as ex-
peditious in settling their domestic affiurs as
pessiUe, so that they might return against the ap-
pointed day, under the conduct of Alexander
MacdonaM, whom, at his own earnest desire, he
appointed their captain. Macdonald, in a formal
oialion, retamed thanks in all their names to the
lerd-govemor for his great condescension; and
gone Us solemn promise, as a security for tfaenr
«peedy Mtum. However, he had secretly resolved
«ot to letun, and actually never after saw Mon-
trose. He carried off with him id>ove three
llheusand Highhmders, f^ «very brave men, and Ifhe
iewor of the army ; and not satined with these, he
piivatdy «seduced a hundred j»d twenty of the
irerybeit of the biisAi, and carried them along with
hm also, as a lifo guard.

Dmrnig the time Montrose lay at Bothwell, there
came aevenl messengers to him from the king, then
at Oicford, by different roads. Among these was
Andrew Sandihmds, a Scotsman, but educated in
SngUnd, and in holy orders; a man of great in*
tegrity, well aflected to the king, and mudi
esteemed by Montrose, with whom he coMinued
tn the end of t!he war ; and ^ Robert Spotis*

MARQUIS OF HONTROfiE. 191

wood, formerly president of the court of sessioiit
and ot dds time the king's secretary for Scotland»
Sir Robert had come from Oxford through Wales»
and paued orer to Ab Ide of Man ; fron whence
he landed in Loohaber, came d09m to AlJiole»
and iras conducted by the Athole-men to Mon-
trose* All the flMtractions brought him from the
long, by these seiwrai messengers» concurred in or-
dering him to join Roxburgii and Traquair» and
take l&eir assiatanoe and advice, as peiwns of whose
fidelity aad inclination to the king's service diere
was no reason to dodbt. He was also commanded
to aaaich with aU expedition to the river Tweed
0B die boiden, wiiare he dieuld be met by a body
of hDiBC), whieh his majesty was inmiedtately to send
from En^^and to his assistance; with these he
vfDuld he soflficiently strong to fight General Lesly,
shoidd ho enoounter him with l^e covenanters*
borse^ as sras euspected. Such were the king's
poakine commflnds, the effect ^ his eaaness, and
teo implicit trust and confidence in his old ser*
imiits, saith which Moirtirose was obliged to com-
ply, as they were repeated in every letter he re-
eeivod; and ao he resdved to set fiNward to the
Tweed.

The day before he begun his msfch, "^ the whdie
reviewed ; Maodonald and the Highhnd<-

• Septettber 5, l6i$.

19f MEMOIRS OF THE

ers not being yet gone. Sir Robert Spotiswood,
who had brought down his majesty's commission
under the great seal, appointing Montrose captain-
general and lieutenant-governor of Scotland, de*
livered the same to him in a respectful manner,
under the royal standard ; and he immediately
put it into the hands of Archibald Primrose, clerk
of the council, to be published and proclaimed to
the army. When that was done, he addressed the
army in a short, but pathetic speech, wherein he
applauded their bravery, and their loyalty to the
king, and expressed his own particular r^rd and
affection for them on that account ; and, besides,
giving Macdonald his due praise, in the face of
the whole army, in virtue of the powers given him
by his commission, he conferred on him the title
of knighthood. At that time not Montrose only,
but every body who favoured the king's interest,
conceived the greatest opinion of Macdonald ; but
his conduct soon contradicted this good opinion,
and undeceived them, not only to the great de-
triment of the king's affairs, but to their own utter
ruin.

The second day after Montrose had set out on
his march, and had reached the castle of Calder,
the Earl of Aboyn also left the army, and carried
off with him not only his own men, but had been
at pains to seduce all the rest of the northern for-
ces to go along with him. The governor, and all
his own friends, who were ashamed of his conduct,

HARQUId OF KONTBOSE. 195

used their utmost entreaties with him to stay } but
no consideriitions could prevail upon him to delay
his joumeji not even so much as one week longer ;
though they assured him that he should theii
have the governor's free permission to depart,
and the good graces and opinion of all honest
men.

Montrose» notwithstandii^ idl these discourage^
ment^ and though his forces were now reduced to
a very smadl number, continued his route, and, pasr
sing by £dinburgh, marched through the shire of
Lothian, and came to Straih-gala ; where he join-^
ed the Marquis of Douglas and his party, whose
numbers were much diminished by a continual de-
sertion. Here the Earl of Traquair came and met
him> with an appearance of readiness and frankness
more than ordinary ; he pretended the strongest
attachment to the king, and even to Montrose
himself; and, as a testimony of it, he the next day
sent his sen, the Lord Linton, with an excellent
troop of horse, to fight under his command, intend-
ing by such a pledge to blind Montrose, so as he
might not suspect the snares he had laid for his
destruction. For this was not the first time that
Traquair, with the highest ingratitude to his lord
and benefactor, had acted the spy to the covenant*
ers, and endeavoured to betray Montrose, and
through him the king's interest in Scotland, into
their hands.

He was now come within twelve miles of the

N

19* HSMOntS OF THE

Earlf 4if Hvme and Rosbrngk ; and yet kid we^
ceiled do mesnge Sma, tbem, nor bood tbit thej
«vane making tlie malleafc pneparatiim to jom him*
Thk moted him not a little ; and lie tiierefore re»
ffdfed to m ttdi into tfadr «onnitiy, and force tfaem
to join his army. But dw they had foieseen, and
cunningly prevented his design. General Ledie,
with whom they held a prirate oorreapondence, and
of all whose motions tiiey were informed, was by
this time orase the length of Berwidc widi his whole
eardry, besides a considerate reinforcement fiom
England : immediately on his arrival, they them-
selves invited him to apprehend aond make them
prisoners ; which was executed by a party of horse
the very day before Montrose came to their houses.
Tliat cunning dd fex Roxfauigh practised thisar-
tifice as a consummate piece of policy : he expect-
ed to curry favour with the oevenantersi by having
thus voluntarily delivered hhnself into their pro-
tection ; and at the same time wae in no dai^er
of losing that of the king, as he pretended that he
fdl into their hands much agmnst his will. Be*
sides, he had influence enough with the Earl of
Hume to bring him into die sune measures. This
was Leslie's first exploit ; after which be crossed
the Tweed, and marched into the east parts o(
Lothian.

Montrose was by this time fully «ennble of the
treachery of these noblemen ; and, as he had now
lost all hopes of the assistance the king was to have

i HABttUfis oi^ «mrUME* 19s

salt him from England» he saw himself in danger
of being ruined by the enemy's obstructing his
passage to the north- country and the Highlands ;
and dierefore resolved, with the small army he had,
to fall down into Nithsdale, Aiinandale, and the
shire of Ayr, there to raise what forces he could :
Sir although he had no eertun infomation of the
enemy^s strength, yet he conjectured that it con-
sisted chiefly in horse.

196 ^iSMOIRS OF TH£

CHAP. XVI.

Montroie marches to Selkirk. — Wkere, by the negligence of
hit icoutSf he is surprised by General Lesley. — Is over'
powered and surrounded, — But cuts his toay through the
enemy toith ajeto of his JriendSi~-^and retires into A thole
to levy men.

From Kelso Montrose marched to Jedbui^h, and
thence to Selkirk. * He quartered his horse with*
in the town, but his foot he stationed in a neigh-
bouring woodi resolving to occupy all the advan-
tages of the ground, lest he should be obliged to
engage with an enemy, of whose strength he had
yet got no certain information. He gave strict
charge to the officers of his cavalry to send out se-
veral expert and trusty spies, and to place frequent
guards in every convenient place ; and above all,
to be extremely careful to have their centinels re-
gularly disposed. It was his custom to see all
these things done himself, but that night he could
not, being obliged to write letters to the king by
a faithful messenger he had fallen upon, whom he
was to dispatch before day. He, therefore, ear«

♦ Scpiembcr 12, l645.

MARQUIS OF MONTROSK. 197

nestly begged of them to take care that the enemy,
whose strength in horse he was afraid of, did not
attack them at unawares ; and the officers all pro-
mising the utmost diligence and attention, he
trusted to their vigilance, and spent the whole night
in making out his dispatches. Several uncertain
reports were brought him through the night of
the approach of the enemy, all which he transmit-
ted to his officers. They were all men of very
great military experience, and had acquired no
small renown in that capacity, both at home and
abroad ; but, whether it was owing to the indo-
lence of their spies, or that they deceived them-
selves by an unaccountable fatality, they confident*
ly and positively affirmed, that there was not an
enemy near them. At day-break, some of the best
and most expeditious of the cavalry were again sent
out to reconnoitre ; upon their return they aver-
red, that they had scoured the country for ten
miles round, and had carefully investigated all the
bye-roads and passes, and swore that there was not
an enemy in arms within ten miles of them. But
it was afterwards found, when too late, that the
enemy's army was not above four miles from Sel-
kirk, and had passed that whole night under their
arms*

Upon the same day that Montrose marched from
Jedburgh, General Leslie mustered his forces upon
Gladsmoor, a large plain in the east part of Lo-
thian ; where, in a council of war held with the

19$ ItKMOI^&QF TH£

chiefs of the eovenaaters» it waa d^tenmiisd» that
he should march by Edinburgh towards the Fwth
to oppose Montrose's retreat to the north Gountry,
and oblige him to fight helbce he was again joined
by the Highlanders. This was no sooner csoneert*
ed> than he changed the intended pUn, and order-
ed his whole army to turn to the kft„ and march
southward with the greatest expedition» by the
way of Strath-gala.

All these who were unacquainted with the se-
cret, were surprised what motives he could have
for idtering his first design, and taking the present
route ; but it was afterwards known iron the ene-
my's own account what these were ; he had some
letters sent him, giving him an accurate account c£
Montrose's strength, which consisted only of five
hundred Irish foott, and a few weak horse, and
these, too, entirely undisciplined, so that he would
be very easily defeated^ were tiie present oj^orto-
nity laid hold on of attacking him near the Tweed,
where he then was* Lesly immediately prosecut*
ed this advice» and, as we observed, had come with-
in four miles of Selkirk that night. It was com-
monly reported,, that Traquair was the person who
sent this information to Lesly, but I cannot aflirm
it for truth ; one thing, however, cannot be de-
nied, that he sent his commands that very night to
his son. Lord Linton,, to withdraw from the king's
army as fast as he could, which he immediately
did, apparently to both their satisfaction^, an ia«

KABQUIS aw MONTIIOSE. 199

^ of the HMWt lu^Mralleted mgroyiud^ thus
not only to forsake b«t to betray tliecrase of their
BMuter^ to whom they kj under iafinite oblige-

Tbe moroiiig being extremely darii and foggy^
much fryoured the approach of the enemy, and
they were ahready within half a railet and march*
ing up in order, before they were observed by
Montrose'aoiit-guarda. Upon this alarm he mount-
ed the first hoiae he could find, and gallopped into

* Lord Traquair, in common with other statesmen of the
time, Irad the unhappy fate of being suspected of deep
trcacheiy tovards his master, priac^ally oo account of h»
wcH known hatred to the hish«>p6« See a severe character of
him in The Staggering State of Scotch Statesmen.-. The au-
thor of a letter addressed to his descendant, the JSarl of Trar
qnair, in the year 1747) thus sums up a profix account of his
perfidy to Kii^ Charles and Montrose : '^ Upon the whole of
your renojwaed great grandfather's polky, though it not only
coeduced to thr rain of the beat of king»» hut unexpectedly
brought oo his own, he was, aeverthelesS| happy to think|
that he had so meritoriously assisted his covenai^ted friends*
Great pity it was that a nobleman of so much disinterestedness
should have been deserted by the worid, and his own son, to
aoch a degree, as to be kft to die in the Mda for want of the
comiaoo necessaries of life, in tbe be^rt of bis own estate^
aad under tbe eyes of his own tenants* But tbcy^ a parcel of
unthinking creatures, alleged he had been a violent oppr(?ssor,
as if that was a reason for them quietly to see him reap the
fruits of his treachery ; hard fate ! when his services to his
master^t enemies claimed for him a reward of a more asaUcd
iMrtare."

SOO MEMOIRS OF THE

the field appointed for that morning's rendezvous,
where he found nothing but noise and disorder.
The cavalry, quite unacquainted with discipline or
command, were scattered up and down [throiq^
the fields, feeding their horses ; and upon the first
alarm, they fell into such a panic and confusion,
that, without any regard to the preservation of
their lives or their honour, they could never be
brought into order, so as to be led on to th^ field
of battle. The foot, who in all were not above five
hundred, were not in a much better condition,
many of them being very unseasonably taken up
about the baggage ; and» a^r all these dtfssters,
what crowned the whole was the absence of many
of the officers, who never reached the field. The
enemy's army consisted of six thousand, mostly
English horse ; and, as they were already pressing
)iard upon him, he had neither time to deliberate
nor retreat. They charged his right wing twice,
and were as often gallantly repulsed with consider-
able loss. When they found they could make no
impression upon that brave troop, they turned to
the left wing, where there was no horse, and easi*
ly broke in upon the foot stationed there. At the
same time, a body of two thousand foot, whom the
enemy had sent over the river, fell upon the rear
of the right wing, who, now finding themselves un-
able to resist such a force, and at the same time in
ganger of being surrounded and cut in pieces, en«
deavoured to save themselves by making the best

MABQUIB or liONTEOSE. 201

retreat they coold. The foot, who had now snudl
hopes of making their escape, maintained their
ground with great firmness and obstinacy, till,
quarter being given them, they delivered np their
arms and surrendered ; but all of them were soon
after most inhumanly murdered in cold blood, by
Lesly 's orders, without the least regard to the quar-
ter that was granted them ; an instance of such
unexampled cruelty and perfidy, as entirely sullied
all the military glory and renown which he had ac«
quired by his sendees abroad. The enemy soon
gave over the pursuit, and fell to rifling the bag-
gage, where they likewise exercised their cruelty
upon the women and boys, and murdered them all,
without distinction of age or sex.

It is not easy to give an exact account of the
slain. Almost none of the horse, and very few of
the foot, excepting those who surrendered, fell in
the field ; and as they were no more than five hun-
dred in all, and of these near two hundred and fifty
came up safe to Montrose next day, all armed with
their swords, we may conjecture there could not
be more amissing. There were but few prisoners
taken, and these mostly by the country people,
when straying in roads they knew not, after their
horses were tired ; all of whom these peasants,
unmindful of the safety and protection they them-
selves had lately received from Montrose, im-
mediately delivered up (o be sacrificed by their

202 MSMOIPSOVTBB

pmnieh in «nler to gkt their inntiaUe thml of
blood»

Both the royal staaadaanis woe preaerred from
fidUng mto the enemy's hands ^ that of the foot
Itaa saYed by a brai?e Irish soldier» who» with a sixr^
prising presence oftmmiy amidst the miiteraal coop
stemation which prevailed in the army, aeemg the
eneny masters of the fieU, stript it from the stadi^
and wrapt it roond his body ; and» without any
ether clothes» forced hia way, sword in hand»
through the enemy» and brought it to Montrose
that night ; and» in reward of his valomr» Mon*
trose gave him the dwrge of bearing it thereafter
hhmself» and advanced him to be of his life^^wurd*
The standard of the horse was sanred by WilUam
Hay, brother to the Earl of Kinnoal. He was a
young gentleman of noble endowments ; and when
his uncle, Mr Doii^as» son to the Earl of Morton»
waa wounded so grievously in the battle of Alfiird»
that he was no longer able to bear the royal stand-»
ard, had been then appcmxted to succeed him in
that post. He carried it with him off the field»
and escaped into England, where he lay concealed
lor some time, till, the country about the bordera
being somewhat settled, he set out Brum thenoe»
accompanied only by Robert Toures, a man of
great bravery, and no nnatl experience» having
served some time with honour as a captain in tha
French armies. And travelling in disguise» and
generally in the night time» he aniyed safely in the

MARQUI9 OB MOVTBOSEf 208

B0rtk coiHilry, «nd had tbe pltanic to restore the
TfOfsi flfamdtrd iigiinto hkgdiMta}.

When MoBtnme percerredthe day y^m lost, and
xM>w for the first time had the ttrortificiition to see
his troops entirely routed, and put to the flight, he
thought of nothipg else tfaaato seU his life as dear
as he could : and, ha?ing rallied about thirty of the
scattered horse, resolved to fight^to the last, ralher
them fall alire into the hands of the enemy. He
"wm almost surroanded by them,, and in such num-
bers, that he had no bc^es tf breaking throii^h
them. Notwithstandmg this, wfaoeter ventured
(Oat of liisraidc toattac]);faimwaasure topayfprit;
and in this vnj sewrals were kilted, and n^y re«
pulsed with disgrace. At length, in phee of these
desperate resolves, some cooler reflections provi-
dentially arose in hk breast He pmisidered, that
the loss of one battle was not of sp great moment,
and m^ht easily be reeciTered ; . and so much the
more readily, as only a small paort of his forces had
been presait, and the H^hlapders, who are the
principal strength of the kingdom, and all the
northern parts of the country, were yet safe and
untoncbed. He reflected also, that there were
severab of the nobility and gentry of the fir^ power
and rank in the natioa, who, having now openly
declared their sentiments, and taken part in the
war, might probably be discoaoerted by his death,
and suddenly fiill oS^ whereby the king^s affiurs in
Scotland might be ntteriyrmned. Therefore, lest

204 MEMOIRS OP THE

bis dearest lord and master should come to suflfer
greater detriment by his fall, than might probably
accrue from this unsuccessful effort, lie determined
to live for the service of his king, and the promot-
ing of that cause, the justice of whidi forbid him
to despair. The Marquis of Douglas, Sir John
Dalziel, and a few more trusty and resolute fnends,
came up with him very seasonably to second these
reflections. They used every argument to prevail
with him, and obtested him by every thing he held
dear and sacred, that he would not wantonly throw
away his life ; but that, for th3 sake of his king,
and the safety of both church and state, he would
speedily look to the preservation of his person, see-
ing that in him alone, under God, all their hopes
were centered ; and with him they were resolved
either to live or die. Montrose was at length pre-*
railed upon by their entreaties ; and, putting him-
self at their head, cut his way through the midst
of the enemy, who were now more intent in plun«
dering the ba^age than in pursuit. Of such as
attempted to pursue them, some they killed, others
they took prisoners: among the last was one
Bruce, captain of a troop of horse, and two stand-
ard-bearers, whom they brought off with their en-
signs. They were civilly treated, and, after being
kept some days, were released, upon their promise
that as many prisoners of the same rank should be
set at liberty in their place ; but this they did not
thipk proper religiously to observe.

MABQUI8 OF MONTROSE. S05

Montrose had not gone above three miles from
Selkirk, when he overtook a good number of his
own men, who now made up a considerable party,
and endded him to prosecute his march secure
from the insults of the country people. As he
passed by the Earl of Traquair's house, whose trea-
chery in betraying him to the enemy he was not
yet informed of, he desired to speak with him and
his son ; but they were both denied to be at home,
though some gentlemen of honour and credit af-
firmed they were both in the house; however,
Traquair did not rest here. He had the effrontery
openly to congratulate the covenanters upon their
victory ; and, with a petulant and derisive sneer,
to observe, that now at length it appeared that
Montrose and the kinjg^s forces could be defeated
ia Scotland ; a behaviour so shocking, that even
his own daughter, the Countess of Queensberry,
checked him for it, as far as filial modesty would
permit.

Montrose halted a little near the town of Peebles;
to give his men some time to draw their breath :
and in the mean time, he was joined by some more
of the stragglers ; and about sun-set entered the
town, where he rested all that night. Next mom*
ing, by break of day, he passed the Clyde at a ford,
to which he was conducted by Sir John Dalziel ;
and there, to their mutual joy, he was met by the
Earls of Crawfurd and Airly, who had escaped by
a different road ; they undervalued the loss of the

906 ' HBMOCBS OF TflLE

battle, now that tliey hadiimiid himalifir, and out
of dang^ ; on the other hand, it gaw him no
small saki^ctian to aee hia dearest friends safe ;
and not the lesi, that they brought along with
them near two huinired horse, which they had
picked up by the way.

Thou^ be was now secnce againse the parswt
of the enemy, yet he lesolTcd tamq[ke all the haste
he could into Athole^ in order tofaegiuMs new le-
vies, and raise what forces he could among die
Highlanders, and his other friends in the north
country. Accoidingly, baring crossed the rivers
of Forth and £ni, he marched through Perth-
Avce by the foot of the hills, and so came to Athole,
having in his way dispitched Douglas and Airly
with a psrty of his horse into Angus, and Lord
Erskine into Mar, to levy what forces they couU
in these countries, among their irieods' and vas-
sals. Sir John Dakiel, who had lately contracted
an alliance with Lord Camegy, was sent to himi
with a commisfflon to the same purpose. Sir
Alexander Maedonald likewise was wrote to, de*
siring htm, according to his promise, to come
down with his Highlanders against the day he bad
appointed. But there was no person whose return
Montroae was at greater pains to solieit than that
of Aboyne. He wrote him several letters, and
employed sundry gentlemen to wait upon him,
and endeavour to prevail with him to bring back

MARons OP HxnmosE* fOJ

his men to the army, who, of themselves, were
heartily indined to the service, and wanted only
his authority to put them in motion, and his ex-"
ample to animate and excite them.

208 BIEMOIKS OF THE

CHAP. XVII.

Montrose joined hy four hundred Athole-men^^^ Accounts qf
ike cruel butchery of the prisoners by the covenanters, —
Huntly refuses to co-operaie voith Montrose ; yet Aboyne
joins him, but soon leaves him. — Montrose returns to
Perthshire — The death of Lord Napier*

Though the harvest-season was already far ad^
vanced, the corns in that cold climate were not
quite cut down ; neither had the countrypeople
as yet got their houses and cottages repaired, which
had been burnt and destroyed by the enemy ; so
that they were but very ill provided against the
approach of winter, which is generally in that
country extremely severe. These things abated
much of the wonted forwardness and readiness of
the Athole-men. Montrose had the influence,
notwithstanding, to procure among them four
hundred good foot to attend him to the north
country ; an expedition, as they thought, not at-
tended with very great danger; and they faith-
fully promised, that when he was returned, and
was again to march to the south country, the whole
strength of tlie province should be at his com-
mand.

In the mean time, he received frequent assur-

MAHQUIS OP ItfOKTROSE. 909

aDce» from tibe Lord Aboyoe, tliatt lie would be
down at him immediately with his forces; and
Macdonald gave him reason to expect the same
of him and his Highlanders. Lord Erskine in-
formed him, that his men were already in arms^
and only waited either Aboyne's companyy who
was in his neighbourhood» or Mootvose's orden
to put them in motion*

At this tiae aramour passed that a strong body
of horse, sent by the king from England to
Montrose's assistance, were on the road down to
Scotland ; and many conjectured that they were
afa*eady not &: from the south border. But there
were accounts of something of a diArent nature,
which were more unquestionable; even of a most
inhuman tragedy committed upon the prisoners
taken at tbe late battle, without distinction of sex
or ago : of those who were seized by the country
people, many of them were' immediately cruelly
butchered by them ; and such as this barbarous race
of mortals bad the compassion to preserve, were, by
orders of the chiefs of the covenanters, thrown al«f
together headlong over a high bridge, and drowned
in the river Tweed ; not the men only, but wO'-
men with child, and mothers with suddng in-^
ftnts at their breasts : and if any of them by chanee
reached the banks of the river, and endeavoured
to soranible up to preseire their lives, they were
immediately knocked on the head with did» by
the soldiers, and thrQwn back into the water. The

SIO MEMOIRS OF THE

noblemen and gentlemen were imprisoned in loath-
some dungeons, and destined, first to be exposed
to the intolerable insolence of the mob, and then
to death itself, in order to gratify their insatiable
thirst of blood«

Nothing ever grieved Montrose more deeply
than this melancholy account of the fate of hia
friends. He was impatient of every delay that
prevented him from affording them immediate re-
lief. And, therefore, with surprising expedition,
he crossed the Grampian hills, and marching
through Braemar and Strathdon, he came to
Lord Aboyne, whom he hoped his presence
would encourage to make the greater dispatch in
coming souths For he proposed, that being join-
ed by Lord Erskine and the Earl of Airly, with
their forces, and Macdonald being once come
down with his Highlanders, to take up the Athole-
men, in his way, and* march his whole army direct-
ly over the Forth, where he had hopes of meet«
ing the cavalry sent him by the king. By this
means he expected the enemy would be deterred
from murdering their prisoners; and that they
would not be so hardy as to put hand in them
while an army was yet in the field, and it was un«
certain to what side the victory might at last in«
cline. And, accordingly, the covenanters, alarm-
ed with the news of Montrose's great preparations
to renew the war, delayed the execution of their

MARQUIS OF ilONTROSE. 911

prisoners for some time, till thej should see whit
the consequences might prove.

In his way he found Lord Ersktne lying sick ;
but his vassah, whose loyalty and bravery Mon*
trose had often experienced, even in the absence
of their master^ were all iti readiness, and only
Waited Lord Aboyne's motions, upon whose ex-
ample and authority they much relied.

The Marquis of Huntly, who had been skulk«
ing for near a year and a half past, whether roused
by the fame of Montrose's victories, and of the
recovery of the kingdom ont of the hands of the
rebels by his means, or hurried on to his ruin by
the fatality of his own unhappy destiny, at length
creeped out of his concealment, and returned
home to his own country.

He was a man equally unfortunate and incon- '
siderate ; and^ however much he would seem, or
was really attached to the king, yet he often be-
trayed that interest, through a private and un-
accountable envy he had conceived against Mon*
trose, whose glory and renown he endeavoured
rather to extenuate than make the object of his
emulation. He durst not venture to depreciate
Montrose's actions before his own people, who had
been eye-witnesses of them, and Were well ac-
quainted with bis abilities, lest it might be con-
strued into a sign of disaffection to the king him-
self. However, he gave out, that he would take
the charge of commanding them himself during

m ATfiMMftS OF TH£

4iie rmiiahider of the war ; and in that view lie
headed all his own ra^s, and advised his neigh'»
bodfs» not without threats if they acted otherwise,
to enlist under no other authority than his own«
They remonstrated, how they eould be answerable
10 disobey Montrose's commands, who was ap«
-ptAvHeA by the king his depnty-govemor, and
captain-general of dl the forces within the king-
dxmi Huntly replied^ that he himself should in
no Wilyi; be wanting in his duty to the king ; but
hi the m^an time, it tended no less to their h<mour
thtat his own, that it should appear to the king
iAd the Whdd kingdom, how ranch they contri*
bnted 16 the mointenanci^ of the war ; and this»
tie said, could nev^r be done, unless they composed
a separate army by themselves^ He spoke in very
ms^ifkent terms of his own power j and en-
deavoured as much to extenuate that of Montrose.
He eirtdled immoderately the glory and achieve-
ments of his ancestors the Gordons; a race,
worthy, indeed, of aU due commendation, whose
power had for mainy ages been formidable, and an
mermatch for thehr neighb<^urs ; and was so even
at this day. It wasi therefore, he said, extremdy
unjust to aser3)e unto another, meaning Montrose,
the glory and rettown acquired by their coun^,
and at the expence of their blood. But for the
fbtm-e, he would tdbe care, that neither the king
should be disappointed of tfte help of the Gordons^

mf dieuld they b#. r^bb^ pf tb? fou^e im tfi
tfadr iMiit

Tile9^ thing» were int^ipr^tod }^ wvei^ls w
highly equitably and pnHSMdiiig fraoiA r^;Md^
th^ honour of the dan : but the joopre CQWvAwitfi
part, who were acquainted with I;Iuntly^3 difspm-
tiout saw through the disguise } and per<seivod;thAt
they proceeded from the utnoat degree of xmm»f
and ilkwill towards Montrose» His i«teA^OQ»
they saw evidently, wm to withdkiaw what v^m hp
could from Montrose, not only to the gcoat dptfj-
ment of the king and kuo^omf but, as ijt prxived
afterwards in the end, to his opsn utter ruin and de-
struction* Severals of the wiser and inor^e i«te1-
ligent sort condemned his resolution^ as highly
imprudent and unseasonable, and ev«n destructive
to himself. They observed» jthat all bis ent^-
prises had misgiven either trough bad Ofonduat
or bad f<Htuae : Montrose» on the othi^r lw^>
fiuight with better success, and therefore th^
thought it impudent to divide, ufofx the vainpne-
text of his carrying away the honour. Such »
separation was not only igpominipus, but might
prove of fatal ccmsequencea to both; whereas,
should they act with united strength and council,
they would be able, juot only to defend ithemselvef,
but to rednee their enemies to obedience, and jre*
store the authoril^y of the kijDig, to their eternal
honour and renown. Montrose had, without the
assistence of the Gordomt, obtai«ied many eminept

214 IfEMOIBfl OF THE

victories ; whereas, they had done nothing memo-
rable but when under his command ; and therefore
they earnestly entreated him' to adhere constantly
to the lieutenant-governor, which they reckoned
would be no less serviceable than agreeable to the
king, and to the satisfaction of all good men ; and
at the same time contribute most effectually to his
own honour. Some of them did not even hesitate
to declare before him, that if he persisted obstinate-
ly in his resolution, they would give their service
and obedience to Montrose, though with the
hazard of their lives and fortunes ; in which they
were as good as their word.

Huntly rejected all these advices from his friends»
and set himself to oppose Montrose upon all occa-
sions. There was nothing he could propose, how<>
ever salutary or useful, which Huntly did not
thwart or reject: and if Montrose at anytime
came into his opinion, which he did often, and on
purpose to obtain his confidence, he immediately
deserted that opinion, and embraced another : ap-
pearing easy and compliant to Montrose, when
present, but never failing to oppose him in his
absence J and not very consistent even with himself.

At length the Earl of Aboyne, after being strong-
ly solicited by frequent messi^es from Montrose
and the earnest entreaties of his own friends, that
he might some how acquit himself of his promise,
came down and joined him at Drumminor, a castle
of the Lord Forbes, with a pretty considerable bo-

MARQUIS OF MONTAOSE. 915

dj, to the number of one thousand five hundred
foot, and three hundred horse ; ail cheerful and in
good spirits, and ready to attempt any enterprise
under Montrose's command. Aboyne himself,
when he first saluted the governor, frankly profes»
sed that he would carry his men wherever he
pleased to lead them ; and told him that many
more were to follow with his brother Lewis, whom
he could not get brought «long with him for vrant
of time. Montrose highly applauded his fidelity
and diligence ; and immediately set out on his re-
turn by the same road he had come, in order that,
taking up the Lord Erskine's forces and the men
from Mar by the way, he might again cross the
Grampian hills, and so fall down into Athole and
Angus ; and if he was also readily joined by the
people from those countries, he did not doubt but,
in less than fourteen days, he would again cross the
Forth with a very strong army.

Aboyne and his men performed the first day's
march with great cheerfulness j but, on the second
day, his brother Lewis, who was put under the
Earl of Crawfurd's command, marched back with
a strong party of horse, as if he had been to at-
tack some troops of the enemy, and returned
h(Hne; carrying away with him as many of the
soldiers as be could, under the appearance of
guard. When Crawfurd came back, he told
Lewis had gone home, but was to return ne
day : for so he pretended to Crawfurd, though he

. f 16 MEMOIRS W TBfe

had no intention to return ; this being the first
pieoe of treaohery of the kind he was guilty of*
On the third day, vrilien the army was came to
Alford, it was obsenred dot Aboyne's men'woiis
very backward in the maroh, and their rai^LS ex*
tremely thin and disordered, they having ideseitod
in great companies every night; and A hngtii
Aboyne himself, their oooiniaBder, had the asso^
ranee to desire leave to go home. This suifKtseA
every body ; and made them inqoi«ilive whatcouM
isdiice him to alt^ his rewlution so auddailyw
He ^oensed himself fay alleging his firiiiePs ma-
press oommandst which he conld not disregoMl»
«specially ae they were not without sufficient reo^
aons .; a party of the enemy being in arms in the
lower parts of Mar, and ready to fidl in npon his
httds, were they destitute of the protection of has
own men ; so that he could not, in common pru-
dence, carry his foroes elsewhere, while his own
country stood m need of their assistance. Mon-
trose used many strong aiguments to prevaB vrith
Um to stay : he convinced him there was no dan-
ger to be apprehended from any forces in the
north country ; there being no infantry, imd only
a few troops of horSe, who kept themselves wkhin
the town of Aberdeen» and, from the smalbess of
their number, neither dnrst attempt nor eould ef-
fectuate any thing of moment ; and it was scarce
to be doubted, but even these would be called
south to assist in defending the heart «f the acoun-

11

MARQUIS OP MONTIUME. ftl7

tTf, «pon the first ne9v« of his ^roach* He in^
6f0ted tkat it hvbs much more for Huntly's ioterest
t» have the seat of war petnoved into the ^enemy'fi
ooontiy than to hw^e it within his own ; and tbait>
therefore, iStxj should make all posstUe haste
«iiith> in order to lelieve the north country fi^K
the burden of the war. Besides, as he was daily
fenpeeting some auxiliary forces from England, if;
was -impooaMe to join them, unless they went to
meet them beyond llie FoMh. And kst of all, he
lameflted the dc^oraUe condition of the prisoners,
lAany of whom wei« Huntly's own friends, pel»,
tioos, or allies, who, if they wei« not speeifily re-
lieve would soon be all cruelly pat Co deadi.
Aboyne ooiild make no retara to these eegentTea-
aone ; but entreated that the wh^ matter might
be laid before his faUier. Accordingly» such per-
sons as were thought most aoeeplabte to Huntljr
were sent to him for that purpose ; the -one was
Don^ Lord Rae, at whose house he bad liv^
during his concealment ; the other was Alexander
IrvuDe, younger of Drum, who had a Aort time
before married Huntly's daughter; both of them
under great obligations, and extremely grateful to
Montrose, baring lately recovered their liberty by
his aseans. However, they came no speed mSi
Htuttiy* Lord Rae was so much affronted at <!be
disappointment that be was ashamed to rfftum ;
but Mr Irvine returned to give an account of their
eoQUnisftion» and never afterwards forsoed^ M(m-

S18 MEMOIRS OF THE

trose. He brought some letters from his father-
in-law, but they were full of uncertainty and am-
biguity: and he ingenuously confessed that he
could not prevail upon him to declare his real
intentions i but, for his own part, he believed that
it was not possible to divert him from his present
perverse resolution. Aboyne thereupon declared
that it was much contrary to his inclination t0
leave Montrose ; but urged the necessity he lay
under to obey his father, more especially as he was
then sickly ; and therefore be^ed only a few days
liberty to return home, and endeavour to mollify
him, promising most solemnly to follow him in less
than a fortnight .with a more numerous retinue.
Montrose, with great reluctance, granted him his
leave of absence for the time required ; and he
again, of his own accord, renewed his promise to
return within the space limited^

After Aboyne had returned home, Montrose
marched through Braemar and Glenshee» and
so down into Athole, where having increased his
forces by a new levy, he marched iqto. Perthshire.
Here his hopes from the north coimtry were again
revived, by a message he received from Aboyne, as-
suring him he would be up to join him with his
forces even before the appointed day. At the
same time Giptain Thomas C^lvy, younger of
Powry, and Giptain Robert Nbbet, who had come
by different roads, arrived with messages from the
king to Montrose. Their orders were to desire

MABQUIS OF MONTEOSE. 219

Mmtrose, if possible» to m^e what harte he could
to join Lord George Efigby, son to the Earl of
Bristol, and the auxiliary horse sent under his
command, whom he would meet not far from the
English bcH^er. Montrose immediately dispatch-
ed those gentlemen north to Huntly and Aboyne,
io communicate these instructions to them, ima-
gining that they might be encouraged by the in-
terposition of the king's authority, and the pro-
spect of immediate assistance, to send up their for-
ces without delay, in the vain expectation whereof
he had already trifled away too much time in
Strathem.

At this time Lord Napier of Merchiston died in
Athole. He was the chief of that very andent
family, and not less noble in his personal accom-
plishments than in his birth and descent ; a man
of the greatest uprightness and integrity, and of a
most happy genius, being, as to his skill in the
sciences, equal to his father and grandfather, who
were famous all the world over for their knowledge
in philosophy and mathematics, and in the doc-
trine of civil prudence far beyond them. He had
long served their majesties, James and Charles^
with great fidelity and loyalty, and was much be-
loved and much trusted by both; having been
promoted to the office of treasurer, and exalted to
the rank of npbility ; and for his loyalty and af-
fection to the king had been often thrown in
prison by the covenanters, and his whole estate

^{20 MU£M0XB8 OF THE

ruined. Montrose, when » child» had revered
him as a most indulgent parent ; in bis youth he
advised with him as a most sagacious mraitor;
vdien grown up he respected him as his moat faiths
ful and trusty fri^d ; and now lamented his death
as if he had been his own &ther. He wrote some
very kamed difisertations concerning the j'm re-
gkisn^ and the rise of the trouUei in Britain,
which it were to be wished might some time see
the light.

MARQOIS OP MOKTltOSE. S3l

CHAP. XVIII.

MorUrott fnttrdtes into Lennox* — Sir William Ralloci, Alex»
nnier OgOvy, Sir PkUip NMei, C^kmd CKyin^ and Ma*
JOT Ltmhlany p^ ^ death hy the woanaiders.^^MontroK
marchu into AtkoU ; again attempts a reconciliation miik
Huntltff hut in vain ; he surprises him ai last into an inters
vietOj at which they concert their Juture operations.

M ONTROSE had already spent about three weeks
on his march and in Strathem, waiting for Aboyne
and his forces from the north country ; but now
receiving accounts that the rebels were beginning
to glut their cruelty with the blood of their prison^
ers, he was fired with impatience, and would dally
no longer; but immediately crossed the Forth»
and marched down into Lennox, taking up his
quarters upon Sir John Buchanan's estate, a prime
covenanter in that country. He expected, that
being so near Glasgow, where the covenanters at
that time held a committee of estates, they would
be thereby terrified from putting any more of their
prisoners to' death. In this view he marched out
his cavalry every day in sight of the city, and they
were aHewed to plunder the whole country round
without opposition ; though the committee had a
guard of no less than three thousand horse, for

222 MEMOIRS OF THE

their own and the city's protection ; and he had
not full three hundred horse^ and twelve hundred
foot.

Before Montrose had come into Lennox» the
covenanters had got some accounts of the animosi-
ty and difference tW subsisted betwixt him and
the Marquis of Huntly, and that Lord Aboyne»
with his men, had left him in Braemar» and return-
ed home. Encouraged with this news, they ad-
ventured upon the execution of three very brave
gentlemen, their prisoners, as si prologue to the
bloody tragedies they were afterwards to exhibit.
The first of these was Sir William Rollock, of
whom mention has been oft;en made in the course
of this history, a gentleman of great courage and
experience, and from his infancy particularly
esteemed by Montrose, to whom he continued con-
stant and faithful to the last. The chief crime
they laid to his charge was, that he had not dared
to perpetrate a deed of the most villanous and atro-
cious nature. For, having been sent by Montrose^
after the battle of Aberdeen, with some dispatches
to the king, he was apprehended by the enemyi
and had undoubtedly been immediately executed
but for Argyle's means, who used all his endea*
vours to engage him to assassinate Montrose ; and
at length, through the fear of immediate death,
and the influence of very high rewards, prevailed
on him to undertake that barbarous office, for
which, however» he secretly entertained the utmost

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. SS3

abhorrence ; and having thereby obtained his life
and liberty, he returned straight to Montrose» and
disclosed the whole matter to him, entreating him^
at the same time, to look more carefully to his own
safety ; for it was not to be thought, that he was
the only person who had been practised ii^n in
this diameful manner, or that others would equally
detest the deed, but that several would undoubted**
ly be found, who, allured with the bait, would use
their utmost industry and pains to merit the pro»
mised reward.

The second person whom they brought to the
scaffold was Alexander C^ilvy, whom we likewise
mentioned before, "^ eldest son to Sir John C^ilvy
of Innerquharity, a very ancient family, and not a-
mong the least famous in the Scots history. He
was yet but a youth, scarce eighteen years of age,
but had already dispkyed a genius for courage and
magnanimity far beyond his years. Nor is it easy
to conjecture what they could possibly lay to his
charge, other than that new and unheard-of kind of
treason, a becoming loyalty and obedience to the
best of kings. But it seems it was necessary to sa«
crifice this intrepid young man to gratify the crueU
ty of Argyle, who was the inveterate and implac*
able enemy of the name and family of Ogilvy.
The third was Sir Philip Nisbet. Next to his

father, he was chief of the ancient family of West-

- - - --

• P. 160.

^^ IUEMOIRS OF TliE

oi^ot, tnA had served somejuie ki En^nd» and
«oiBiimided a regiment in the kill's army with re-
j^f^mn* Excepting die nevr-coined treaaon, wbich
tbey bad always ready at hand to allegn as an ex-
fftvae ibr putting d>eir enenuca to deaths I cannot
iiiijigine what other motive they eould have for ex-
eeutii^ thia gontleaian^ but that from his eoaiage
and aetivity they dreaded he might some tiflM or
^OT amnge die atMcious injuries iriiioh they had
oommitted i^pon his father and his family. All the
three bore their fate, as became loyal sulgtcta and
good Christiaosi with the ntmoat oonataney and
resolution. * To these we may add two Irish gen-
tlemen, equally remarkable for their braviary and
and their birth, who were exeouted at Edinburgh.
These were Colonel O'Kyan and Major Laehlan,
odious to the covenanters on no other aecount than
that they had often felt the effects of their valour.
There were many more aj^inted for execution at
Glasgow ; but Mcmtrose's unexpected qifvoach
disconcerted them a little, and obliged them to de-
fer the rest of the executions till another time.

* '* At Griasgow they caused to be executed, at the mercat-
cross, upon October 28, Sir William Rollock^ and the next
day Sir Philip Nisbct and Alexander Ogilvy of Inner^uarity,
(whereof the first vas but lately come home from foreign parts,
and the last was but a boy of scarce eighteen years of age»
lately come from the schools ;) and upon that occasion it was
tliat Mr David Dick said, The work goes bonnily on ; which
passed afterwards into a proverb."— G»M. Mem. p. 182*

MARQUIS W MOKTBME. 22S

Tha r0p(N« of the death of his friends gmre
Montrose very great concern i and it is hwd to say
whether he was more enraged at the cmelty of
his enemies» or the cowardliness of his friends ; for»
besides the Marquis of Huntly, whose forces he
had now looked for so long in vain, 'more than six
weeks being elapsed from the time that his son»
Lord Aboyne, had given reason to expect he would
be np with them ; Macdonald, also, of whom Mon«
trose had all along entertained, the highest notions»
though frequently sent to, and encouraged by
Montrose's army being so near him, yet gave no
hopes of his speedy approach, though the time he
himself had appointed for his return was already
long expired* The winter, which this year waa
more severe than any in the memory of man, waa
already far advanced, and the auxiliaries which the
king had sent him, under the command of Lord
Digby, had been repulsed, all which might have
been easily prevented, tmd the kingdom reduced
to order and obedience, had not these great men
shamefully betrayed the cause they professed.

At length, on the 19th of November,. Montrose
removed from Leiinox, and marching through the
hills of Moateith, which were deep with Snow, he
passed through Strathem, and crossing the Tfty^ re*
turned again to Athole. Here he met Captain
Ogilvy and Captain Nisbet, whom he had former-
ly dispatched north to Huntly, to conmiunieate
to him what orders they had brought from the

90& lOMOIUMTm^

knq^ They reported, tbat they fymi .Himily
qiikt obifeinate aod inflexible» and that ke gare no
credit to them, nor to the message they Ihtoi^^
from his majesty, but had aoawered them lUsdaiap
fUly ; that be kuew the king's aflGairs better than
either they or the governor, with whom neither hr
nor has sons were resolved to ha¥e any correspmid.
enee er connection ; such of his fiiends and vassals
as had voluntarily assisted Montrose, he refre*
hended very severely on that account, and tieated
them no better than if they had been actually en-
gaged in the rebellion. However, the governor
Aought it necessary to take no notke of these
Aiags. at this tiHse, and while he was empioyed
among the Athole-men in settling thet militia of
that oomitry, he dispatched Sir Jolm Dahiel t»
tibe manjuis, as a proper mediator of peace and
friendship betwixt them. Sir John was desired to
show him the immment danger that the kiiig and
kis^ydsm were presently in, and the risk that he
himself, and every k>yal subject^ run inconsequence
thereof f that it was owing solely to hia and his
sm's £MiIt,.both that, the auxiliaries, sent to their
assistance by the kiqg^ were not timeeualy intcoii
duced into the kingdom, and that these brave and
loyal prisoners had been thus craelly bnteheied»
and that those which still remained in their hands^
many ot whom were men of the first rank, and
nearly wlattd to Huntly himself would undoubtF*
edly nndfexgo the same nusenddefiit^if nofetime*

MARQUS W MQHVBME. 907

onal^ rdisTBd. He» tkenetfort, entrastad and ob»
teitid tbe nuffquk onl j t6 oome to a frieiidly con*
facBnce with the gcveimir» ia idrich he promised
him be shoukl obtain foil satisftctiOB of all Us
doiibCa*

The maiqnis ansirered Didziel as to these mat-
ters in his usual obstinate peeviA humom*, and ab-
solutely refused to agree to the conference ; (br,
as he knew that he could not^ with any shew of
reaaoB, oppose tibe arguments and motives which
would be adduced by Montrose, he was afnod to
encounter his modest assurance and prudence, and
therefore sfaamned his presence. But Montrasct
hnvii^ settled aflBiirs in Athde, that nothing m^hl
be left unattempted to bring Hnntly to a rigltt
way of thinking, he rearired to pass over aU these
afflmiis, and, by heaping fimmr» and benefits upon
him, tone him, even against his will, to a recpo*
ciltafeion, and to co-operate with him in promotii^
the king's affiurs. Accordingly, in the monA rf
December, he sal out widi his army, «nd, passing
tbrovtgh Angus, crossed the Grampian hills, and
anifved in the north country, by a mardi of v^ry
great difficulty, over the tops of mountains and
craggy precipices covered with snow; the rivesa
being afc that time froaen over, but not so hard
as to bear any coneidendile burden ; he immedi^
ately set Carward to Stcathbogie, where Hnntly theft
Rved, attended only with a small company, and
had almcat cnuur iqpon him befiwe he waa apprised

of bis approach. Huntly was quite surprised «t
this unexpected visit, and upon the first notice» leak
he should be drawn to a conference against his in-
clination» instantly fled to his castle of Bog of
Gicht, situated upon the banks of the Spey ; where
he made a shew as if he intended to cross the river»
and carry on the war by himself against the rebels
in the shire of Murray.

Aa Huntly's conduct appears so extraordinary»
it may be worth while to inquire what could
prompt him to such a suUoi opposition to Montrose»
not only without any provocation» but even n&a
i]pceiving the greatest civilities and fiivoura» very
undeservedly» at his hands. And, indeed» I could
never hear any other cause assigned» nor could. S9
much as guess at any other» than a weak and im«
potent emulation» or rather envy» of his extraoidi*
nary reputation: for I cannot say so pnperly;
that he was ever alienated from the kmg, as at
constant enmity with Montrose ; but the hatred
he «Atertained of him was so uweaaonable and ex-
oessive» that he chose to see the whole kingdom
go to wreck» rather as any honour should redound
to Montrose by preserving it ; and by this means
he plunged himself into an inextricable series of
error and misconduct. And a c(mscioua sense of
the many injuries he had done him» and the
affronts he had rubbed upon him» attended widi
an insu&rable pride and overweening conceit of
himself» wai» tf I am not much miatakn» the chiaf

MABQun OF woummoL fC9

erase why at this tune he could not bear his pre»
smce, end frequently before had shunned an inter-
view with him : for, besides, the particnUur instan*
ces we have already mentioned, both the father
and son were guilty of very high indiscretions to
the goyernor $ of which, I think, it will be proper
here to enumerate a few.

These cannon, which we to6k notice Montrose
had hid last year in the ground, they dug up with-
out bis particqMtion, and placed them upon their
own castles, with no less triumph than if they had
been a trophy gained from the enemy : nor wonM
they restore them when ailerwards demanded»
though they were Montrose's own acquisition at
the battles of Tif^rmoor and Aberdeen ; at the
first of which, there was not a single person of the
clan Gordon, and at the other, Lewis Gordon and
his men fought on the enemy's side. They b^
haved in the same manner with respect to the
powder, arms, and other warlike provisions which
were seized from the enemy, and deposited in their
caatles, as safe and convenient store-places; all
which they converted to their own use, and would
not return even the smallest part of it, when re-
quired. And when Lord Aboyne was on his re^
turn home after the battle of Kilsyth, he set at
liberty the Earl Marischal, the Viscount of Ar-
buthnot, and several other men of rank and quali^
ty among the enemy, who were then in custody,
without consulting or advimng with the governor

890 wMnumtrnwa»

and Bmch coBtanairjr to the opmion «nd advice of
yomig Dniin» his brother-^tti^Aw^ who was akng
with hiB« Upon what tenna he. liberated these
BoUetnen is imcertaio; but this much appears
efidantf that, besides ticie indignity thawby done to
the governor^ the strong castle of Dunaoter, which
was of very great moment in the war» and aewnd
ether very donaiderable advantages were thereby
utterly lost : forthe rriids would never hi^ dared
to imbrue their hinds in the blood of their pdson-
eiii while so many priadpal men of their party
men in custody, and in danger <rf* haivilag t^e same
tseatment retaliated npen them. Besides, by his
ttwn private authority, he levied taxes and sub»
aidies on the people* wUch the govftriMHr hittiself
had never dotie, under a pretence, indeed, of
maintaining the war« but in reality for quite other
purposes, mueh to the discredit and detiiment of
tile king's cause* And lastly, which was most of
all to be regretted* those very prisoners who were
taken at the several battles in the north country,
and committed to their castles, they released, some
of them at the entreaty of the enemy, and others
ibr a very insignificant ransom, thereby dq>riving
JMontrose of the disposal of his own prisoners, and
firustrating his intention of excbaogii^ them for
such of* his own worthy and gallant friends as had
lihe misfortune to tall into the hands of the enemy.
Conscious of the injustice he had done Montrose
JB these and e Tariety of othw instanoes, Huntly

uABmm OF mmtmosE. ttl

waa aftttd lo aee Um» «nd had «H dbng thiiiiMd
Um more than hia sartal foa.

Bttt MoBtraa^ ofariookiagalliliaseiMaoMliiii^
jwiaa and affimif»^ vvias aokiy iatrat iipcMi pviMMt^
ing tlie ioteiMl; of his aovrat ign* and tte amnib
af hia affiiira. In this view» lia di^ienninfld to
fikrcethe marquis» however imwilltag, i4 anwtef^
view } and. if possiUe» to aooth hia eiiwcaiafead
mind» and faring aboiit# raconcaliatioa at any mtiw
though b7 yialding to him in every thiag» itnd im
diilging bis most caj^ious demanda. Amiritia^
I7» having left his anny in ttaair qaariwi» he.aaa
out only with a anmU attcndaaae on ttorsebaak* and
came to the castle of Bag of iiicht» so very aariji
m the morning» that» by his imaKpectad anivai» h»
deprived the marquis of all hopea of escftpwig him»
or concealing himself from ham. When th«qrmet»
Montrose» without taking any notice of what waa.
paat» accosted him in the most gentle and courteaiia.
manner» and entreated him to cooeur in the oen»>.
duct of the war» that they might uaa thcar joint
endeavours tor the safety and peeservation of* the
king and kingdom ; and he gave him such ample
satudiEiction in every thing, that iiuntly seemed ai
length thoroughly convinced» and reaolvea to oom^
ply with Montrose's requests ; promismg hun sot
only the assistance of his whole forces, but that he
would come himself upon their head» and that with
all expedition. They then proceeded to consult

98t MEIMIRS OF l^flB

together comeeroing tbeir ftnare operations ; and
it was agreed that they should ininediately advance
to InvemefiS, and bed^e that garriaon, Huntly
taknag the right-hand road along the sea-coast of
Mmrayshire, and Montrose narching by the left
through Strathspey, which at that season of the
year was by far the most difficult ; and by this
aMans straiten the garriion on both sides. And
at «the same time^ they were to endeavour to bring
ever the £arl i^ Seaforth» either willingly or by
force, to join th^r party. They had great hopes of
soon^redueing ^ garrison ; for, however stroi^ ancf
well fortified it appeared to be, it was, nevertheless,
hfKt very ill stored with provisions and other neces-
saries, <and could not easily get a supply on account
of the severity of the winter, and their tempestu-
ous se«. They seemed now to be perfectly agreed
in every thing ; in so much, that Lord Aboyne
and hk brother Lewis widied damnation to them-
adves ifi they did not from thenceforth continue
Sna and constant in their fidelity and attachment
to Monlrwe all their lives. And all the Gordons
Goncdvod an incredible joy upon this occasion, and
congratulated their lord and chieftain no less than
if they had immediately recovered him from the
dnd.

MMtQinS OF HOHTROSB. 93$

CHAP. XIX.

A party of Argyles men break into Athole. — Atiacivd and
defeated hy the Athole-men* — The covenanters condemn se"
veral of their prisoners. — Lord Ogilvy escapes. — Colonel
Naikamd Gordon, Sir Robert Spotistoood, Andrew Guthry,
mid JVUlimm Mmrray, executed.

PaoM what had posaed, the Maiqub of Montroae
was convinced that Huntly's jeabusy was at hut ap«
peasedt and that he was seriouaiy inclined to con*
cur with him in a joint proaecution of the war.
And accordingly, in pursuance of the plan of op»»
ration concerted betwixt them, he marched hk
forces through Strathspey towards Inverness. At
the same time» in order to amuse the enemy on all
sides, he sent his cousin Patrick Graham, who has
been often already mentioned with honour, and
John Drummond, younger ot Balloch, a gentleman
of great loyalty and bravery, of which he had given
several specimens in Montrose's service, down to
Athole, with a commission to raise and command
the Athole^men, and by their assistance to suppress
any rising or tumult in the bud, if such should
happen in these parts. The men of Athole shew-
ed themselves ready at the first call, and imme*
diately enlisted under their command. They did

CM JCSKeiUOGPlPB

not wait long for an oppcHrtunity to exwciae their
prowess ; for, the broken remains of the Aigjle-
shire-men» who had left their own country, whe-
ther from an absolute want of provisions, or that
they bad been obliged to leaw it for fear of Mao»
donald's superior power, who threatened them with
fire and sword, had fallen upon the Macgreg(Mrs
and Macnabs, who favoured Montrose ; and being
afterwards joined by the Stuarts of JBalqiihidder»
the Menzieses, and other Uighkoidciv who yet
followed Argyle's fortune, were said to make
up in all a body of about fifteen buadred men» «id
threatened an immediate invasioa of Athole» if
they were not Bpeed^j opposed ; for they had al»
ready taken and burnt an island situated in Loch-
doehart; after which they proceeded to Strath*
aaopie, and had laid siege to the castle of that
name. Upon advice of their proceedings, the
Mhtie^mesi judged it necessary to go directly
againat them, and endeavour to give them a blow
before they should eater Athole ; and aooording«
ly, though they amounted only to seven hundred
men, they set out immediately under the oom«
mand of their two leaders, Graham and Drum*
mond. The news of the motions of the Athole*
mmi alarmed the enemy ; and they immediatdy
thereupon mised the si^c of Amjde, and letii^
to Monteith* But the Atbole-men pursued them
warmly, asd overtook them at Callendar, a castle
IB Monteith, where they found them prepared for

MAllQUtt OP MONTftOfiE. 985

baltk, hating oecupied the ford of the river, tati
guarded the epponte batik, whieh wm defended by
a rising ground, with a strong party of musketeers*
When the Ath<^*men saw their disposition, and
perceived that their number was much smaller than
WHS reported, not being more than twelve hun*
di^, though diey themselves were scarce seven hun-
dred, yet, animated with the gallant and encourag*
ing behaviour of their two commanders, they re«
sdved not to wait the enemy, but to begin the
chtt^ themselves. Accordingly, they stationed
a paity of a hundred good men opposite to the
enemy's guard at the ford, as if they had intend-
ed to force it ; and at the same time, the rest of
their army made all haste to cross the river at ano*
ther ford, whidi was nearer the castle ; when Ar-
gyle's peo^e 4saw the resolution and activity of the
Aljiole-men, they did not abide their attack, Init
immediately retired towards Stirling. The party
of an hundred men which was stationed at the
loww f<Hrd, seeing the opposite bank deserted by
the enemy, immediatdy crossed the river, and fell
upon their rear as they went off, and killed seve»
tals: and the rest of the Athole-men, foUowing
the same course, they soon forced the whole army
to a precipitate flight. The slain were redconed
to be about fourscore; and the preservation of
those who escaped was in a great measure owing
to the fotigue which the Athole-men underwent
that morning, by a long and very difficult march
of ten miles, and that they were unprovided of

236 MBMOIBS W THE

bone» 80 thiA they coold not fidlow the pufsuit:
And having thus executed their buainen racoeB»*
fully, they returned home»

At the same time, the covenanters held thdr par*
liament at St Andrews,"^ which they ^faned with
the innocent Uood of several of their prisonen»
gentlemen who, for their eminent virtue and rare
endowments, merited the highest encomiums. The
hatred and cruelty exen^aed towards th^n by the
rebels, is a sufficient testimony of their worth and
excellence ; for the best meu, and such as deserv*
ed the highest esteem and regard, never failed to
be the objects of their greatest severity ; whereas,
meu of inferior parts and character^ they held suf*
ficient to punish by fines and confiscations. Lord
Ogilvy, Sir Robert Spotiswood» William Mumy,
and Andrew Gutbry, t were condemned to be exe»
euted at St Andrews, that their blood might be an
atonement for the death of so many of the people
of that shire, of whom, it was reported, upwards
of five thousand had fallen in the several batttes.
But as they could pretend no law to warrant their
eruel proceedings, they found it necessary to recur
to their wonted arts, and call in religion tp their
aid, in order to cloak and authorise their savage
inhumanity. To this purpose they set to work
their aealous orators. Cant and Blair, and such

'i ..11.

* It aat down upon the 26th November l6i5.

f lie was a c^tajii, iioci son to the Bishop of Murnif »

MAEQinS or MONTBOSC. 33/.

odnn of the holy brotlkerhood as were endued
widi the sme fanatieal spirit, to retail firom their
pulpits to the implicit mob their bloody resolves,
under the spedio» chanurter of the absolate and
irpesistable decrees of heaven. They said, that God
required the blood of these men, nor could the
sins of the nation be otherwise expiated, or the
wrath of heavra diverted. By these means they
brought the generality of the people, otherwise in«
dined to pity and commiseration, to consider them
as accursed things, and devoted to destruction;
and that, as they were the objects of God's wrath
and indignation, they were not, therefore, endded
to the protection of the laws, or the common offi*
COS of humanity. Yea, such was their arrogance,
that, as if they had been privy to the councils of
God, or the dispensers of his vengeance to the
world, they presumed to pronounce upon their fu*
tuie state, and doomed them, both soul and body»
to eternal torments. Having thus sufficiently de*
baaohed the minds of the people, it was no diffi«
coll tadL for them, who were at the same time both
aecttsers and judges, to procure the condemnation
of these gentlemen, however innocent, being thus
destitute of all assistance or protection.

But the Lord Ogilvy made his escape by the
feUowing stratagem. He pretended to be side,
and applied for liberty to his mother, lady, and
sisters, to visit him in prison, and attend htm in his
illness. This &vour he obtained with no taoall

€88 JfBMmU OT THE

diffiimltf , by the mterest of the Hatnlloiu^ (to
wiKMe fimiily he vvas related by the mother's side,)
and of Lord Lkidsay» who vrss bts couan. After
they got admittaace to him» as the jfi^ards had le*
tired from h» chamber out of respect and^kferenee
to the ladies» he embraoed that oppoitiinity» and
dressed himself in his sister's clothes ; she, at die
siane timet put on his nightncap, and lay down in
bed IB pbee of her brother ; and» after wishisig
one another a hearty good«nigfat, they parted» ap*
parently in great ooncera, about eight o'dock itt
the evening ; and thus» under the appearance of
his aialef , he deeeived the ^ards who lighted him
out. He immediately departed the town» aod,
having horses laid ready waiting him» mounted di*
rectly» attended only by two persons» and got ssfe*
ly out of all danger before day-bieak. Next mors^
ing» when the deceit was discoFered hy the guasda»
Argyle was highly enraged at being thus disaf»»
pointed o{ the satisfactieo he had proposed le fain-
self in the ignominious death of his mortal esmmy i
insoainek that he even insisted on the immedute
punishment of the noUe ladies» for the landaUe
part they had acted in ftvouring his escape. But
they were protected fro» the e&cts of his brutal
rerenge by the intei^est of the Hamtltons and the
TuotA. Lindsay; with whose privacy and conniv»
ance it was generally thought this whole matter
had been conducted.
n» indignation and chapleasme expressed by

M AmnS OF MOSTBOSE. fSP

di0 eoiMoiitefs upon tibig oectrion ww imnodeiate^
and lodged Hke a fie»zy or Hiadness* However^
tiiejr detenDined to make sare of the mt^ and ov«
demi than out to immedaate exeeation. The fint
who immted the scafibld wag Cokmel Nathanid
Gordon, ^ a omi of exeeUent esdowBieiits, both of
body «id mind* When he saw death so near, he
bonented bitterly met the vicea and follies of his
youth ; and his murderers presenting to him aai
iDStraoieHt to sign, testifying his repentance, be
signed it withont hesitation ; but at the same time
called God and his angels, and all who were pre»
sent, to witness»^ that, if thei« wa» any thing ia
thai paper dishonourable to the ktn^ or derogato-
ry to his authority, he absointeiy disowned it«
Them being absolved from the seoteooe of essconu
mnsiicalie», under which he lay for an adultery,
wheieef ho bad bee» guilty long before, he was be«
headed, not without the greatest pit^ «id commit
SBCBlioB of the belioideTs i for, thoogh he was in»
deed f^iilty of that crime, yet was he famous £dv
his military sidU and valour, of whieh be had giveii
very aingubur pvoo& both abroad and at home.

The next person who gioced the scaflKdd, yet
seeking with the blood of Colonel Gordon, was'
Sir Robert Spotiswood, a man worthy of everlast-
ing renown. His singular merit had introduced
■ ■' I ■ .1 ■ ■ ■■■»...■- ■ ■ ■■■■ ■ ■ I m»

• January 6, l6i6.

§40 MEMOIBS OF TBA

him to the £i^our and good graces of his two sove*
reigns. King James and King Charles; and he
had been advanced by them to very great honours^
having been knighted and made a jnivy^commeUnr
by King James, and promoted by King Charles to
be President of the Court of Session, and a short
time before was made Principal Secretary of State
for Scotland» Though there was nothing in the
whole tenor of this great man's life which his bit-
terest enemies could challenge, yet they brought
an accusation of treason against him, notwithstand*
ing that he never was in arms against them, nor
had ever meddled with warlike m^itters, the arts of
peace, and the maintaining and cultivating it, lunr*
ing been his constant business, and in which be
had acquired no small reputation. The only crime»
therefore, which they could lay to»his charge, was^
that, at his migesty's desire, he had brought .down
his commission to Montrose, coastatuting hun lien-
tenant-governor and captain-general of .the king*
dom. He made a very learned. and eloquent do*
fence against this accusation, wherein he proved»
by a. variety of arguments, that he had done mh
thing but what was supported by former, piwtice,
and the spirit of our laws* This satisfied all the
world besides, and would have acquitted him be-
fore any other tribunal but this, which was com»
gpsed of his mortal enemies, who were resolved,
without the least regard to justice or equity, to put
him to death. He was, in truth, oj^resaed by a

M Attains OP MONTK6SE. S4l

Ibad of malice and envy^ Hnder which all his inno^
ceitce could not support him^ For when the kin^,
who hftd always been extreniely kind and bounti^
ful to the family of Hamilton, was obliged, by the
deiectaon of the Earl of Lanark to the coYetiahters,
to take from this ungrateful man the office of se-*
ot^etary ol* state for Scotland, which he then enjoy*
ed, he could not ftnd a more worthy person on
whom to confer this dignity than Sir Robert ; and
hence sprung that load of malice and revenge to
vidiich he fell a sacrifice^

When he was brought to the scafifold, hef appeat-^
ed with the same gravity and majesty which was
familiar to him, and turned with great composure
Uf speak to the people : but Blair the minister,
who4>fficiously afttended him on the scaffold, being
afraid lest he might lay open the secrets of the
rebellion, and that the firm and steady behaviour,
and the eloquence and gravity of the last and
dying words of so great a man, might leave a deep
impression on the minds df the hearers, caused the
ptovost of the town, Who had formerly been a
servant of Sir Robeit's father, impose silence upon
him. This unmannerly interruption gave him no
distttii)ance, only, instead of addressing himself to
the people, he turned his thoughts entirely to his
private devotions. And in these also he was again
most impertinently and rudely interrupted by
Blair, who asked him, whether he would incline
that he and the people should pray for the salva*

a

MS J4£aiOIES Q¥ TUB

tioQ of hia soul ? To w^ieh he mswertd, Tliat
he desired the prayer» of the people» but would
have no contra with his prayers» which he be*
lieved were impipiis» aad an abominationt unto
God ) addii^ th«t of all the plagues with which
the offended majesty of God had aDeuiged thia
nftipn» this waa certainly by far the greateei«
greater than evien the aword, fire» orpeatikiice ; th«t
ibr tl^ sms of the fWflh God had sent a lying;
qp^rit into the aioi«th8 of the prophets» Bhar wna.
touched to the quick with this «evere». bit jtufc w-
proaiph, and fell into snch a passion» tha^ he- could
not refrain from throwing out the moat aoandahnis
and contumelious reflections» not o^Jy against. Sir
Robert's father» who had been Iwg dead» but
agy^inat himself wb^ was juat aboirt to die }. tkm»-
by approving himaelf a worthy preacher of Cbiia;>
, tian. patience and l(H9^-snS^riQgl Bob Sir Robei%
having his mind iptent upon MgjMsr natteis^ toak
no notice of them» and bare theaa with the gveateit
mjsekjaess and resignation. At: hMt» with aa ap*
daunted air, and shewing no idteratten either in
rw» or countenance» he submitted his ne^ le
tbe fatal stroke» and uttered these his iMt worda»
'* Merciful Jesus» gather my soul nnto thy, saints
and mmtyrs, who have run before me in this necb"
A3id». certainly» seeing BM^yrdom may be under-
gone» not only for the coiilessiM of our iinth» but
for any virtue by whigh hply men manUeat (heir

MAiaUIS OV MOIITMSE. MS

fittth to tile world, there is no^ieul* but he hA
received t)^ crown. *

Sueh WM the fatal end of this gi«at man, highly
honourable Indeed to himself, but «treinely la-
nented by all good men. He was remarkdi>le for
his deep knowledge of things, both divine and
hmtume i far his Aill in the Hebrew, Chaldaic»
Sjrriae, and Arabic, besides the westeim kmgawgm,
and m intimate ao^usdntaMe with bi9tet7, law»
and p<rfitics« He was the honour and ornament
ci his country and the age, for the integrity
of his life, for his fidelity, for his justice, and fw
Iris eonstaticy. He was a man of an even temper»
«ver consistent with himself; so that his youth
liad no need to be ashamed of his cMldhood, nor
Ins more adfanced years of his youth. He was a
fllrict observer of the ancient wor^if ; and yet
aot a vain and superstitiona professor of it before
^ woHil : a man easy to be made a friend, but
wry ImA to be mad» an eneny ) in so much, that
alfer his death, he was exceedingly ijsgrelted even
liy aaany of the c0veilantH««

Ws llfdess body was taken eave of by Hu|gh
Selii^geour, an old servant of his lather, and
bmi^ad privately, nor did be long survive the

* lo some tcanilations of ihess M«mpira,5ir Kobert Spotis»
wood'i U^t speech is here inUxxiuced. See it in the Appei^
iiK.

244 MBMoms: op the

doleful office, for, not many days after,' seeing
the bloody scaflbld, upon which Sir Robert suffer*
ed» not yet removed out of the place, he imme-
diately fell into a jswoon, and being cartied home
by his servants and neighbjours, died at his owb
threshold.

, To Sir JRobert Spotiswood they joined raotiier
«eompanion in death, Andrew Guthry» sen to
.the worthy Bishop of Murray, and. on that ao-
count the more hatefid to the covei^anters. He
wa8 a young man of great bravery and courage -,
^nd shewed fto less cpnstancy and resolution in
.despising and suffering deadi. Blair assaulted hint
likewise with his in;Solent th^at^ and scurrilities.
To these he answered^ that he i*eckon.ed it the
greatest honour he could receive to suffer death in
.behalf of so good- a king, and in defence of so just
a cause ; which all present should see he woul4
embrace without fear, and poslierity. perhaps would
report not withoiit praise ; for hk sins, he. huqably
(begged mercy and forgiveness at the hands of the
most gracious God j hut with respect to that crime
for which he stood condemned, he was^ under no
apprehensions. . He encountered death with the
grealest . fortitude and resolu^on ; having justly
deserved a longer life, had Almighty God so
thought fit.

And now to put the last scene to thhr cruel
tragedy, after two days breathing they presented,
upon the same bloody theatre, William Murray,

MARQUIS OP MONTROSE. 215

brother to the Earl of TulRbardine. Every body ^
was surprised that the earl, who was hi great fa-'
vour and esteem with the covenanters, had not in-
terceded with them for the life and safety of his
only brother. * Some imputed this to his indo-
lence and inactivity ; others to his avarice, as aim--
ing at his brother's patrimony ; and others to his
stupid and superstitious seal to the cause. How-
ever, all men, even the covenanters themselves,
condemned his silence upon this occasion as highly
indecent and dishonourable. The young gentle-
man, though hardly nineteen years of age, pur«
chased to himself everlasting renown with posteri-
ty by such an honourable and becoming exit. He
spoke a few things to the spectators, among which
he repeated what follows with a higher tone of
voice than the rest, as it was reported to me by
those who heard him. «^ I hope, my countrymen,
you will reckon that the house of Tullibardine,
and the whole family of Murray, have this day ac-
quired a new and no small ^dditioxi of honour \
that a young man, descended of that ancient race,
has, though innocent, and in the iSower of his age,
with the greatest readiness and cheerfulness, de-
livered up his lif(^ for his ]dng, the father of his

* "Bishop Guthrie relatt» that the earl was not only silent
in his brother's belialf, but by his forwardness contributed bts
utmost to bring about his and the condemoation of the othejr
prisoners. — MemahrSf p. 2061*

246 MEKOIBS OF THE

country, and the most munificent patron and be*
nefat^or of that family from which he is sprung*
Let not my honoured mother, my dearest sisters,
my kindred, or my friends, lament the shortness
of my life, seeing that it is abundantly recompen-
sed by the honour of my death. Pray for my soul,
and God be with you,"

MARQUIS OF MOMTROSB. 247

CHAP. XX.

Momtrcm ioUeked hy his army to itecuVt hk ptUthkr0, in n»
venge ^ the detUh qf his Jriends f htU rffif9es.^^Hu>aly
again disappoints him. — Montrose lays siege to Inverness ;
but is obliged to raise it, and retires be/ore Middkton.--^
He endeavours to obtain a conference with tiunily, tohich
he shuns, — Huntly takes in the city of Aberdeen.

1 HE melancholy fate of his friends gave Mon-
trose very great concern ; however, it could not
shake his constancy and firm resolution of mind,
though at no time before it ever received a more
severe trial. At the critical moment, while his
heart was bleeding for his friends, great numbers
in his army, exasperated with the accounts of their
disgraceful death, endeavoured what they could
to spirit him up to an immediate revenge ; they
importuned him with the strongest and most ear*
nest solicitations ; and while they indulged a just
and well founded grief for their friends, they ima-
gined their demand was no more than equitable
to insist that he should retaliate the same treat-
ment upon the enemy. While their 6wn friends
and relations, men of eminent worth and brSavery,
and who merited highly for their services to the
king, the country, and of the governor himself»

S48 MEMOIRS OF THK

vrere, notwithstandiDg the quarter and assuraiioea
of safety pledged them, contrary to the custom of
war, to the Uws of the country, yea to the laws of
nature and nations, butchered unrevenged, they
were enraged to see such of the rebels as were ta^
ken by themselves in battle, kept, not as prisoners,
but entertained in a friendly and ho^itable man*
ner, and wantonly rejoicing and insulting over the
cause of their grief; they insisted, therefore, to
have them immediately brought out to execution,
as the only effectual method to deter the enemy
from practising such cruelty, and to satisfy the im«
patience of their own people, and confirm them in
their duty and obedience. He recjeived their com-
plaints with great condescension, and commend-
ed the regard and affection they expresse4 for their
friends : he agreed with them that the death of
such worthy and innocent subjects ought not to
pass unrevenged ; but then it ought to be reveng-
ed by theip in a manner becoming good and brave
mep ; not by cruelty and inhumanity, the character-
istics of their wicked enemies, in which their example
was by no means to be followed, but by fair and open
war, in which they were to endeavour to vanquish
them. He desired them seriously to consider, how
great would be the injustice to n^ake those prisoners,
who were guiltless of the murders committed by
their party, suffer the punishment of others crimes ;
especially when a3surances of safety had been given
them, which ought to be most sacredly observed,
11

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. X49

cfven to an enemy. He hoped they would never
incur this rmputation, which was the very iniquity
they exclaimed against with so much abhorrence
in their enemies. They needed not doubt but the
time would certainly come when these rebellious
subjects must answer for their crimes to the just
God, and to the king his vicegerent on earth*
^* And in the mean time»^' says he, ^' let them set
a price upon our heads; let them employ assassins
to murder us; let them break their faith, and
practise the utmost pitch of wickedness; yet
shall that never induce us to forsake the glorious
paths of virtue and goodness, or strive to outdo
them in the practice of villany and barbarity/'

The Marquis of Huntly, who, it would appear^
had never intended to perform these promises
which he had maide to Montrose, having crossed
the Spey, entered Murray, where he trifled away
his time and diminished his forces, without either
honour or advantage ; and never came near Inver-
ness. His chief aim was to anuiss plunder ; and
after he had wasted all the country, baring heard
an uncertain report, that the people of that shire
had concealed their money and more valuable fur-
niture in some little obscure castles, he went im-
mediately and besieged them, though to no puN
pose ; nor could he by any commands or entreaties
from Montrose be prevailed upon to desist from
his enterprise. In the mean time, the enemy had
full opp<Nrtunity to throw provisions into Inverness

t50 KEHOIRS OF THE

ftDm tbat side oa which he htd undertaken to hlodi
k up* and sappBed it besides wkfa erery thing ne*^
oeseiry for its relief; which if he had prevented»
at he promiaed to Montrose» the garriaon had ¥ery
soon been eU^ed ta enrraiider.

Montrose having rteeived intelligence that Gra*
nend Middlelan, afterwards created Earl of Mid«>
dletoa by King Charles the Second, was advanced
aaiaras Aberdeen with an army of six hundred
hosse and mght hnndied footy and seemed t#
tlireaten the ptmidering ^ the country bdonguig
to Huntly and the Goidons» he sent Colonel Wil*
liam Stewart with a xnesssge ta Huntly, to entreat
him to return again and attempt the siege of In-
verness, as he had promised { or in esse he thought
it raqHrudent to march so iar from home, when the
enemy waa so near his territories» that he would
at least come and join him with bis forces, that
-Aty might mapeh directly and attack Middleton,
whom he expected they would easily defeat. To
this Htintly reiamed a most disdainful answer,
Thai he wodld mind his own bnsioess himself, anri
needed not Montrose^s assistance or direction to
4rive the enemy out of hia grounds. After ten
weeks spent in the siegs of an inconsiderable little
castle^ in wUsh he kat the flower of his army, he
was fowed at hat to miae the siege with disgrace,
and retired to the Spey, without the consent or
huofriedgeofthegovemar^ thereby enpresfing an

ippaitnt contoiift^ not M fiMch of Monnnse» as

11

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. £51

of 4ike luDg bimself, and aa «tter disregard of bis
seraee, to the no small diseoun^meBt of ibe lojr-
al party, who wem now become numerans» and. do*
daned tbomsrives very wam^y for the voyal cauae^
Aotong Uieaa» (ho «oat eiwiiieQi £w weidth Md,
pofercar* and the auifaJBer of fuUoo^era, n^ro the
Earl of Ssafoithi and Lord Rea, Sir Jaaies Macv
donaldfrom the Ides, chief jof a very aacieiit fa*
mily^ and the most powerfiilclMi tu the Xiigblandsk
Maclean» Glengairyi the Captain of Claaronald, and
several othera, some afwhom wiereab-eady in Mob*
tvose's anmy with their {arees» and others had sent
home for theiia ; so that» before the end of Matieb«
bo exfected to have fallen dewa into the low
counlary» at the head of a ^eater army tlian had
been aaen in Scotland in the memory of man.
But the unexpected revolt of so gieat a man aa
Hnntly* besides that it gave an additional en*
ooarsgemeat to the rdbels, dispirited the royaUsts,
and terrified them so much» that even those who
bad already joined the armyi began privately to
withsfa^w, and others to pretend excuses for their
delay.

These things obliged Montrose to resoWe upon
other meaeures. Seeing he found that gendenesa
and good offices made no iitopression upon the
fidcle and inconstant minds of these men, he re*
solved to nsdiiee them to obedience by the exerciso
of hb own authority as governor and captain^ge*
M»]» supported by force of acns and the Meverest

^i5^i MEMOIRS OF THE

discipline. And fer this end he proposed tomaitih
into their country with a choice body of trusty
men, and compel all the Highlanders and north
countrymen to take up arms. He very well knew
there were severals of the governors and leading
men in these shires, and many of the chiefs of the
clans, who inclined to his side, and would approve
of these measures. Nay, he made no question but
the chief and most powerful of the Gordons, being
heartily weai'ied with Huntly's miscarriages and
unaccountable conduct, would lend him their as-
sistance if there was occasion, even contrary to the
inclinations of their chieftain. However, he was
resolved to use all the gentle means possible, be<-
^re he made trial of this last and severest remedy.
But, as Inverness was the most considerable and
important ganison in all the north country, and
the harbour the most convenient for receiving fo«
>*eign assistance, he wished, above all things, to re«
duee it. And as the covenanters' army, under the
command of General Middleton, was above eighty
miles distant, and Huntly and the Gordons lay in
a body half way betwixt them, he thought he might
safely attempt it ; and therefore laid siege to it
with what forces he had. At this time he made
another essay upon Huntly, and entreated him not
to spend the time idly, but to come and assist
him with his forces in carrying on the siege of In*
vemess, agreeable to their former concert : or, at
least, that he would hover about the fords of the

MARQUIS.OF »(ONTBOSC. S63

S^ff wliMre.it was probablei the enemy vyould en*
deavour toxross it, and repulse them in the attempt
should they advaaee to raise thd si^e : ^r, if they
should happen to cross the river, that he should
iofmediately come and join him, so as they might
fight them With their united force. To all this
he returned such disdainful and contemptuous an-
swers, that the governor at length absolutely dis-
paired of ever succeeding with him ; and began
now to think it high time to look mote carefully
to his own safety, lest Huntly's malice might at
last carry him the length even to betray him* Ac-
cordingly, without any reliance upon him, he dis-
patched three troops of horse to lie at the fords
of the Spey, and carefully observe the enemy i with
orders, if they approached, to send him frequent
«nd sure intell^eoce of their motions. They accord^
m^y went and occupied the most convenient
stations for their purpose, and watched very dili-
gently for some time ; till Lewis Gordon, Hunt-
Jy's 80B« who then kept the castle of Rothes with
a garrison, having contriyed a more shameful
piece of viilany than any he had been hitherto
guilty of, assured the officers of these troc^
that the enemy was at a very great distance^ and
had no intention to pass the river, or to attompt
to raise the siege : he therefore desired them to
give over their watching, which was to no purpose >
and, with the greatest shew of kindness and civi-
iity, , invited them to his castle to refresh them^

954f wBSionamftax

selves^ and psrteke of an enleitttinnmt which Ife
kad prepared for them. As they took hi» for a
ftithflil ftiendi they did not at all diiCniat hioEi,
and readily accepted of his invttatjeDk He entertain-
ed them very etegantly and raanptaoudy ; and be-
miesu great store of good dishefli hepUed them very
heartily with wine imd spinta ; and detamed them
wkh the greatest fhew of joHity and hespitiality» tiH
eoeh tim^ as^Middkton had enmed die Spey willi a
very strong array of horse «id foot^ and penetrated
for into Murray, of whieh as soon as he* wia m-
foraied, he dismissed his guests with the«e jeeffiag
worda: ** Go» retnm to yonr genenJ Mnnttniae»
who win now have hotter work than he had at
SeKirk/' The enemy were in the meaiMime
marching up with such rapidity tov^ards Montroon^
that ^ese troepaof herse got the start 4lf thea» with
great diflleuky, and arrived at Invwneasbvit a wry
Netle before titen ; so that they seemed to* be tiM^
^lemy's tnn-goaid, Middleten^a wMe anayfoi-
lewittg them within eannon«shot. MontMie had
^ry providentially got lafermatien of dieir qa»
preach some other way, and had drawn off hia finv
ces to a Kttie distance from the town intoooebody;
When he perceived that the enemy vrere much si^
perior by their horse, he avoided the ^atn gmuad^
and vnthdrew his army to the other «de of the
Nes& The enemy attacked his rear as he went
off; but being gallantly recerred, they wen foaeed
to stop. The loss was veiy incenidefabfet^ and

MARQjnS W MMTROftE. ^55

prakty war ofual <m bodt fiides. MmAto» paaBed'
bjr flMttly into Bo»shive, wfaifelier theaieiHy^lU-
lovpfid huDy with an intention to ftme him. t&m
efligi^genient in the plain gvovncki where he would
ham' had the diaadiwwtage ; hirt» besides' tihat tlie
aftHBy'a strength was far saperier te hii^ he eouid
oat rqly upon the fidelity of the counti^ people,
and Seaforth's new raised aaen were desertmg in
g^reat.Bumhera, wkioh made him see the neeesrity
o£ disengaging hiaNelf frem the enemy's horse aa
fast as paasiUe; wherelbie, paasing by\Loefanes8,
h^ naidied tlveugh Stnrthglass and Strath^'harrig,
and came to the banks of the Spey,

He had naalved to treat Hunttyaa'apubficene-
my, i£b0 did not alter his conduet) butwouhi'
still onee more try wetj gentle method to bring
him* to a better mind. For thia purpose, taking"
with him only one troop of horse for his Kft*g«iard,
be rode with all qpeed to his house of B^' of
Gkiskf whieh was twenty miles off; and In his way
seat off a messenger to ad^rtise him of his^ com*
iag^ and inform him, t^t he had oem» in such
faaate^ and without any feroe^ merely to pay his
eonqsliaBents to him, and to consult with him eott«
ceBningtthe king's servipe$ fbr wl^eh he was tiie
monrossvtst,^ hariiig jusi tktn rece^vsd some-fet-^
ten fiNini- hia majesty^ at Opfbrd^ whieh he wanted
tor oannsanioate to him- But Ffmitly; terrified^
iatb.thoiiist<notioe of his coming, and not daring
to^npooBter the presence of so great a man, im-

95tS liI£M0I93 OF Xll£

mediately mounted on horaebad^, and roie ofl^
attended only by one servant, without voucbsafin^
his majesty's deputy-governor the favour, of a eon-'
ference, or the smallest entertainment at hishonse.
How soon Montrose understood that he was gone
o£& he returned back these twenty miles that same
day, which was the twenty-sevenih of May ; aad
was extremely careful to conceal this froward be-
haviour» for fear of the bad consequences it might
produce if publicly known. However» his precau*
tion was to no purpose ) for the Gordons them*
selveSf and others of Huntly's own friends, whe
were gentlemen of great worth and probity, in or^
dier to acquit themselves of the imputation of any
accession to, or approbation of such disgraceful
conduct, published the whole matter with the
highest indignati<m, and not without severe impre-(
cations against their lord and chief.

It is not easy to say how much his conduct stag^
gered the resolutions of the rest of the north coun«
try gentlemen. The Earl of Seaforth, who waa
but lately, and not without great difficulty, brought
to join the loyal party, begun to falter, and some
people pretended to say, that, not being yet quite
resolved, he was, at this very time, in a private trea«
ty for making up his peace with the covenanten }
which, however, I do not believe. Sir Alexander
Macdonald likewise, though often and earnestly
entreated to return, yet, from day to day, made
trifling and silly excuises for his delay, which ga¥e

MARafllS QF If PVTPOSE. ^

oecasloa^ tQ. v^ripus mi doubtful reporto cQocara*
ipg him } tas that, notwitbstaadiog he wa^ an ir-
reconcUeaWe enpiny to Argyll ye* \\e h^d a ^*
vate correspoadei^ce with the fiamiltpas, upoq,
wh^se friendship and patroA^ge he relied, ^^
therefor? staid at home, soMy iatept upon the pr;-
yi^ aflbirs of the Macdpn^ds, withput giving him-
self any concern for the public*

All these things considered, Moqtrose thought
that no time was to be lost in execu|ipg his design
of mailing a tour in person through, all the nort;h
country, and the Highlands. H,e ppQpqs^d to car-
ry along Mfith Inm a rj^sol^te and eiLpeditious par-
ty, an4 to raise new fwces as he Wie|it .along, giving,
all dine encouragement to ^hqse Yf)^ shewed thi^m-
selves ready and fbrw^nrd, l)Mt exercising the full
8evep9ty nf th^ laws and Jmniediate punishmeiv(
upqn su^ 4^ were bajckward 9Kid refraictory ; th/ere«
by i^onipelling them to tjl^yeir duty, as sipkly chiL-
drpn )(nnst l^ copsl^wned to tal^e niedicin^^ fpr th^i^
hi^b. I|e was enpouraged tp Uke this course hj
the advice of mapy of )iis fri|endj$i whp alpQ pro«
mised their utmost assistance if;o i^ble l^im to. go
through with it.

While matters stood thus about Inverness, the
Marquis of Huntly, that he might not seem never
to have done any thing merely by his own Conduct»
or without Montrose's assistance, besieged and took
Aberdeen,* which Middleton then kept with a
* p ■ ■"

» May 14, l64C.
R

35S MEMOIRS OF THE

garrison of five hundred men ; but with much
greater hurt to his own friends than to the enemy ;
for» besides the loss of many of his own brave men,
he gave his Hi^anders leave to pillage the city.
Now, in what respect these innocent people had
failed in their duty either to the king or to Hunt-
ly, is not easy to conjecture, when it is considered,
that no city in Scotland had shewn greater testi-
monies of their fidelity and loyalty than the city of
Aberdeen. On the other hand, he had taken a
good many prisoners, and diose of considerable
note, among the enemy ; but his treatment of them
was more like one making hb court to them than
in the style of a conqueror, for he dismissed them
all without any promise or conditira, though lii^e
were among them several colonels and gentlemen
of rank, who happened aceidentidly to be in Aber-
deen at the time, and who might have been ex-
changed for a like number of his own frimds,
many of whom were kept in dose durance both in
Scotland and England ; but he was always* more
ready to do good offices to his declared enemies
than to his real friends.

MAOdUIS OF M^KTIUMB. 959

CHAP. XXI.

Moniro^e receives orders from the king to disband his army.^^
Demands a second order. — Which is sent him, tioith con*
ditions for himself and his friends. — Whereupon he dis*
hands his army, — The covenanters endeavour to ensnare
him.-^He and his friends sail for Norwsy.

While Montrose was inteat on his design of re-
croiting his army, upon the last of May there
arrived a messenger to him from the king, who
had ttnfortunately thrown himself upon the army
of the Scots cownanters at Newcastle, with orders
to disband his forces immediately, and withdraw
himself into France, and there wait his majesty's
further orders* Montrose was dbiocked at this
unexpected message; he saw the king's affiurg
now brought to a crisis, and bitterly lamented his
unlucky fate, which had forced him into the hands
of his most inveterate enemies ; and though he
made no doubt but these orders had been extorted
from him, through force and threats, by the cove«
nanters, who now had him in their power, yet he
was at a loss what course to follow. If he should
yield an implicit obedience, and lay down his
arms, then the lives and fortunes, both of himself

960 MEMOIRS OF THE

and his friends would be at the mercy and discre-
tion of their enemies; and confiscations and
halters were only to be expected : on the other
hand, should he stand out contrary to the king's
express commands, he would thereby become
guilty of rebellion, the very crime which he so
much abhorred, and had endeavoured to punish in
othei^ ; besides, he was much afraid, that whatever
he might do would be imputed by the rebels to
the king, who, being in their power, might meet
with worse treatment from them on that account,
a thing which the king himself had dreaded, and
hinted to him in his letters.

Montrose, therefore, resolved to call together all
the noblemen, gentlemen, and chieftains of his
side, that a matter of such importance, and which
so nearly concerned them all, might be debated
and determined by general consent. For this
end, without regarding the many injuries and
afironts he had received, he dispatched Sir John
Urry and Sir John Innes, two persons of the most
eminent character in his army, and who he thought
would be the most acceptable to Huntly, to invite
him to this council, with orders to leave the ap-
pointing of the time and place to Huntly himself,
and to assure him that Montrose would even wait
iipon him at his own castle if he pleased. Huntly
returned for answer, that he had himself received
orders from the king to the same purpose, which
he was resolved implicitly to obey, for that the

MilRQUIS OF MONTROSE. 261

king's commands were of such a nature as not to
I admit of second thoughts, or to leave any room
r £or doubt or consultation. The gentlemen i^-
yinonstrated, that perhi^ Montrose was of the
nrery same opinion, and that he was ready to yield
^m prompt obedience to all the king's orders, pre-
siding they proceeded from himself, without being
(torted; but, in the mean time, it much coneerQ-
them all timeously to provide for their own
safety, and that of their men, and that their
enemies would conceive a much higher opinion of
thexn, when they saw them acting in concert, 9tid
with firm and united counsels. To which he
made no other answer, than that he bad already
resolved what course to take, and would have no-
thing to do with any body else.

Montrose thereupon wrote to the king, begging
earnestly to be informed of his condition in the
covenanters' army, if he thought himself safe in
their custody ; and whether his service could be
of any further use to him ? And, if he had positive-
ly determined, that that army which had hitherto
fought for his preservation, was to be immediately
disbanded, while the covenanters in both king-
doms were still in arms, and growing every day
more and more outrageous, he wanted to be ad-
vised what course should be taken for the security
of the lives and fortunes of these brave and loyal
men, who had spent their bloed, and risked every
thing that was dear £)r his 9eke ; for he was shock-

26s MEUOIB8 OF THE

ed at the thoughts of leaving such worthy subjects
to be plundered and butchered at the mercy of
their enemies.

Montrose received no other answer by his mes-
senger, to these letters, but certain articles pi«.
scribed him by the covenanters, in which he was
desired to acquiesce ; but as these were dictate*
by an enemy, and in themselves extremely unrel-
sonable, he rejected them with indignation ; ani,
disdaining to treat at all with the covenanters, le
sent the messenger back to signify to the kisg,
that, as he had taken up arms by the commisdon
and at the desire of his majesty himself, so he
would receive conditions for laying them down
from no mortal but the king alone ; and therefore
he humbly besought his majesty, if it seemed pro-
per to him that he should immediately disband his
forces, that he would himself prescribe and sign
the articles, to which, however severe and disagree-
able, he promised an implicit submission, but he
seomed the commands of every body else, who-
ever they were.

The messenger at last returned with the articles
signed with the king's own hand, and orders, now
repeated for the third time, to disband his army
without further delay, under the pain of high trea-
son if he any longer disobeyed the king's commands.
Besides the king's positive orders, another thing
induced him to come to a speedy resolution ; he
was informed» that many of those who had en*

MARQUIS OP MONTBOSE. 963

gaged with him» were endeaTOiiriiig secretly by their
friends to make their own terms with the rebeb ;
amd he had undoubted endenoe, that this was true
with respect to tibe Earl of Seaibrth and sereral
others : and the Madrquis of Huntly, and hia son
liord Aboyne» did not only profeas themselves to
be Montrose's declared enemiesi bnt even threat-
ened to compel him fay foroe of arms inmiediately
to comply with the kill's orders. At the same
time the Earl of Antrim, who had newly come
from Ireland into the Highlands of Scotland, with*
out men or arms, was endeavouring to recal all
the Highlanders, over whom he pretended some
authority and influence, as bmng his relations and
allies, from Montrose's army, whom, by way of de«
Tiston, he called the governor of the low country ;
an attempt very unseasonable at that time, and
which proved afterwards very destructive to his
friends in those parts. All these things consider-
ed, Montrose saw himself obliged to submit to the
king's commands, and to disband his army.

Accordingly, having convened them to a ren-
dezvous, * after giving them their due praise for
their faithful services and good behaviour, he told
them his orders, and bid them fiurewell, an event
no less sorrowful to the whole army than to him-
self; and, notwithstanding he used his utmost en-

* At Rattray, upon the 30tb July 1646.

264 KEBIOinS OF THB

deafiiurs to raise their dtboping '(Bpirits, ^nd en*
courage them with tkie Aaitaviug «prespett of a
speedy and desirable peiiee, akid mmtei thenii that
he contributed to the king^a safleity itnd interest bf
bis pretefat ready submiesmv «o lesa tHasi. he had
fttmerly done by hia niilitaiPy attempts 4 yet they
oODciuded, thm a period was that ^y put to the
king's aifdwrfty, whick' wootd eospine witJi the dia*
sokition of their army, fiir dtsimnding of whichi
they were all convinced the orders had been ex*
torCed frem the king, or granted by him en pur«
pose to evhe a greater and more immediate eviL
And, upon whatever fitvourable oonditions their
tmn safety might he protid^d for, yet they lament-
ed their own kMe, and wotild much ratiier have
undergone the greatest fatigne «nd hardshipsi than
be obliged to remain imctive and idle spectators of
the miseries and calamities be&lling their dearest
sovereign. Neither weite their generoi» souls a
little concerned for the unworthy and disgraceful
opinion, which foreign nations and after*ages could
not hi] to conceive of the Scots, as universally dipt
in rebellion, and guilty of defection from the hest
of kings. Their sorrow was likewise connderably
augmented, by the thoughts of being sepaflrated
from their brave and successful general, who was
now obliged to enter into a kind of banishment, to
the irreparable loss of the king, the country, them-
selves, and all good men, at a time when they never
had greater occasion for his service : And, falling

M AEQUIS OF MONTROSE. S65

down upon tbeir koees, with tears in their eyes,
they obtested hiip, thiU;, seeing the king's safety
and interest required his immediate departure from
the kingdom, be would take them along with him
to whatever comer of the world he should retire,
ptx>fe68ing their readiness to live, to fight, nay, if
it so pleased God, even to die under his command.
And not a few of them had privately determined,
though with the evident risk of their lives and
fortunes, to follow hitn without his knowledge, and
even against his inclination, and to offer him their
service in a foreign land, which they could not any
longer afford him in their own distressed native
country.

These things happened about the end of July,
and by the conditions which were prescribed him
by the king, with the consent of the covenanters,
he was obliged to transport himself beyond sea be-
fore the 1st of September, the estates being to
furnish him a vessel, and to victual and provide
it in all necessary stores, and to send it to the
harbour of Montrose in Angus, where he was to
embark. Accordingly, to prevent all jealousies,
or cause of complaint, he repaired thither to wait
the ship's arrival, accompanied only by his own
servants, and a very few of his friends.

His implacable enemies were at this time at
great pains to raise and propagate a false and ma-
licious report through the country, as if the estates
(for 80 they were pleased to call themselves) would

266 2CEM0IRS OF THE

not permit a man of his worth and excellence to be
banished the country, when his presence was like-
ly to be so necessary ; especially if their gracioua
sovereign, who had cast himself freely upon the
affections of his Scots subjects, should, in order to
obtain justice from the English, be obliged to have
^course to force of arms, and, in that case, he had
a general, in the person of Montrose, whom no
age could paralleL Such, indeed, was the earnest
wish of great numbers, who were not admitted in-
to the secret plots of the rebels ; but their inten-
tions were very different, and of a most villanous
and deceitful nature. The deplorable event soon
after demonstrated what they intended towards the
king ; and, with respect to Montrose, they prac-
tised these shameless artifices on purpose to en-
snare him, — and, by enticing him, from the flatter*
ing but delusive hopes that these reports were well-
founded, to remain in the kingdom beyond the
limited time, they expected they would have an
excuse to cut him off with a better grace, as guilty
of a breach of the articles.

The month of August was almost spent, and
there were not the smallest accounts of a vessel,
or other provision made for his transportation.
Wherefore Montrose, though he was fully resolved
to depart against the day fixed by the king, yet he
allowed his friends to treat with the covenanters
for a prolongation of the time limited for his de-
parture» in order thereby, if possibloi to sound the

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. .207

bottom of their intentions, but when be found tbat
they returned nothing but doubtful and evasive
ansiversi he justly concluded they aimed only to
deceive and ensnare him. What greatly increas-
ed Us suspicion, was the arrival of a vessel at the
harbour of Montrose upon the last day of August,
the utmost period appointed for his stay. The
shipmaster was not only unknown to him, but
a Tiolent and rigid covenanter ; the sailors were of
the same stamp, sullen and morose, and from whom
the worst treatment was to be expected ; and the
ship itself was neither victualled, nor in proper trim
to go to sea : so that when Montrose shewed him-
self ready to go a-board, and ordered them to de-
part with all di^tch, the shipmaster told him,
he behoved to have some days to careen his vessel,
before he durst put out to sea } and vaunting of his
own worth, and of the sufficiency of bis vessel, he
at last disclosed the commission which he had from
the covenanters, whereby he was expressly ordered
to land his passengers at certain ports appointed by
tbem, and at no other. At the same time, there
were several English men of war constantly plying
off the mouth of the river Esk, which forms the
harbour of Montrose, watching for the prey they
so greedily desired, that he might have no chance
to escape their snares.

However, their treacherous purposes were not
unknown to Montrose, and he wanted not some
friends even among the covenanters themselves

268 MEMOIRS OF THE

who sent him repeated noticei that the sea waa al-
most covered with the English naiiy, so that he
couid not possibly escape safe either into Fraaee or
the Low Countries ; that the harbour iUelff from
which he was to saili was in a manner blocked np^
whereby his venturing to sea was a matter of very
great risk, and that his enemies wished for nothing
more, than either that the Scots covenanters might
have a pretence to destroy him for conURuing too
long in the country, or that he m^bt be surprised,
and fall into the hands of the English cqvenaBter9
on his departure.

Such of his friends as were still about him were
of opinion, that, when the danger was so great, the
most advisable course he could possibly take, was
to retire immediately into the Highlands, and eor
deavour again to rally his f^M'ces, and rather try
the fortune of war than trust to a perfidious peace;
but the regard and ardent affection he bore the
king, made him reject this advice ; for he was ful-
ly persuaded, that, should he renew the war, it
would be imputed, however unjustly, to the kic^
and would undoubtedly bring him into the moat
imminent danger, perhaps even to the risk of bis
life. Being thus straitened on all sides, alarmed
on the one hand with treachery intended i^aii^
his own, on the other, against the sacred life of
the king himself, he determined, with a firm and
unalterable resolution, to expose himself akme to

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 869

tibe daogB*, ud draw down the whole storm on
his own head.

This resolution, however, to withdraw and leave
the kingdom, was not the effect of a sudden gust
of passion, or of an absolute despair of safety, but
proceeded from serious deliberation, and was ma-
naged with the greatest prudence and caution ; for
bow soon he saw through the insidious designs of
his enemies, he immediately sent to search all the
harbours on the north coast, with directions, if any
foreign vessel was found there, to agree with the
master to be ready against a certain day, to trans-
port such passengers as should be offered him to
Norway. By good fortune there was found in the
harbour of Stonehyve a small pinnace belonging to
Bergen in Norway, the master of which readily
embraced the offer, in hopes of a considerable
freight, and promised to be ready against the day
appointed. Thither Montrose sent Sir John Ur-
ry, John Drummond of Balloch, Henry Graham,
his own brother ; John Spotiswood, nephew to the
great, but unfortunate. Sir Robert; John Lilly
and Patrick Melvil, both of them officers of known
courage and experience ; George Wishart, doctor
of divinity ; David Guthry, a very brave young
gentleman ; Pardus Lasound, a Frenchman, for-
merly a servant to the noble Lord Gordon, and,
after his death, entertained by Montrose for the
sake of his worthy master ; one Rodolph, a Ger-
man, a youth of great probity and honour ; and a

270 MEMOIRS^ &C«

few common servants. These be had picked <wt
to carry along with him wherever he should go,
chiefly because he knew they were so obnoxious to
the covenanters, that they could not possibly remain
safe in the country behind him. They put to sea,
and began their voyage for Norway, with a fair
wind, upon the 3d of September ; and that same
evening, Montrose himself, accompanied only with
James Wood, a worthy preacher, by the assistance
of a small fly-boat, got aboard a bark which lay at
anchor without the harbour of Montrose, and, be-
ing clad in a coarse suit, passed for his chaplain^s
servant. This was in the year of our Lord 1646,
and of his age the thirty-fourth.

MEMOIRS

OF THE

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE.
PART II.

MEMOIRS

OV XHK

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE.

CHAP. I.

MoTitrase lands in NorwqLy. — Set$ out Jor France. — The
courtiers about the queen endeawur to prevent his coming
to court. — The reasons of Lord Jtrmyns opposition to
him — His advice to the queen. — She is reconciled to the
Presbyterians*

The Marquis of Montrose having landed at Ber*
gen in Norway, was kindly received, and had the
highest respect shown him by Thomas Gray, a
Scotsman, then governor of the castle. After
resting here a few days, he travelled by hmd to
Christiana,* the chief city of the kingdom : this
journey was both difficult and dangerous, having
to pass over the tops of high and rugged moun-
tains, frightful to look at, and constantly deep with

* It was formerly called Anslo, but being burnt, was re*
built ill 1014, by Chrbtian IV* who, on tbat account, gave
U Us own name«

8

ij^ MEMOIRS OF THE

snow. Then at Maelstrand he went aboard a
ship bound for Denmark, being extremely desir-
otts to see the late illustrious king, Christian V.
who was uncle by the motber^s tide to his royal
master King Charles, and had always shown him-
self his sure and faithfttll friend ; but, upon his ar-
rival in Penn^kir.be found the king was then ia
Germany } and, tlierefore, wfth all speed, crossing
the Baltic, he set out thither» and, taking that op-
portunity, he passed through Holstein, and stopt
some time at Hambu]|gh«

He foresaw that the conspirators among the Scots
peers, who had the chief command of the army at
Newcastle, would not be long ere they came to an
agjreement with th^ir associates in £ng^nd« in
concerting measures for ruining th^ king, and
weakening his authority ; and he used to say, that
h^so tkcTOugUy kuet^ the temiferof tl^ese m^f
tba« m ai^gmnentt would e^r induce Mm to iJtet
bis opinion of them^ Kow^ h» w» pcirsuade^
that if an aoraittit ^ their proceedings ^ouM Mieh
Fmnoe lefor^ kia aprival th^te» it would c<Mitr^te
ceneidenri^y Uy the sueeets of his negoeiatiOM } and
that their IfmiEBg aMomplisbed «heir wieked de-
signs Would prt)cw6 him a more fawurabie reeop*
tion ftifm tl^ae proic^ and staMa with ^fiAkOtik «he

and he expected that they would be so sbod^e^ «t
the grossness of their rebellion» as; m^yM Hume to
trust the perfidious promises of these trttftois»

MARQUIS OF MONTBOSE. ^5

which had gained but too mnch credit with them
all almg»

Besides, he knew from former experience, that
he would meet with a new set of enemies, and a
fresh oppoidtion at court; and that the court-'
flatterers and parasites, that al>attdoned race of mor-
tals,, the pest and destruction of princes, by their
osual false insinuations and slanderous detractions,
which they propagated for promoting their mea-
aure^ ill order to curry fiiroor with the rebels, to
whom they were obnoxious, would endeavour by
all means to prevent his gaining the queen^s fa-
vour and confidence ; and, if possible, would pre-
ehide hhn from their councils, and keep him ig-
norant of the state of afikirs, from an i^prehension
that he would discover their deceitful artifices, and
fmstrste the designs of the rdbels ; whereby they
mif^t come to be disappointed of the base reward
of their treachinry*

At length, reemving the melancholy news that
a considerable sum of money was paid to the chiefs
of the Scots covenant^^, under the denomination
of pay or arrears, dUe for the worst of services, (for
under that name they expected in some measure
to varatsh over the infamy of their ignominious
bargam,) and that the king was at the same time
dirifvered up to the brutality of the En^ish army;
be made the best of his way for Holland, judging
that the king's present condition and his own ho-
nour required that he should show himself public-

$76 MEMOIRS OP TH£

Iji and endeavour to do something towards the re-
covery of the desperate state of affiiirs ; for, the
more these saints contributed to oppress that excel-
lent prince^ and lessen the authority of kings, the
more resolute was he to assert the liberty, and re-
store the dignity of his sovereign ; for the barbar-
ous actions of these men served only so much the
more to confirm the loyalty, and increase the for-
titude of this hero.

Mary» Queen of Great Britain, and daughter of
Henry IV. King of France, had retired to Paris^
where she found a safe retreat indeed for herself;
but all her solicitations for succours to the king
her husband were unsuccessful. For, though the
case of King Charlea seemed to be the common
concern of all crowned heads, and the rebellion of
his British subjects set a very bad example and
pattern for other nations to copy after, and in par-
ticular threatened the kingdom of France, yet verf
few princes could be induced to afford even the
smallest assistance to King Charles in bis distress.
The I^nch, whether from a remembrance of tlie
ancient enmity that subsisted betwixt the two na-
tions, or that they imagined the king had shown a
greater propensity to cultivate the friendship and
alliance of the King of Spain, or from whatever
other cause they were disobliged, beheld with plea-
sure the distractions in Britain, and contributed
their endeavours rather to increase that flame,
which perhaps may one day scorch themselves.

\

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 1277

The news that Montoose was on his journey
through Flanders in his way to Francei had scarce
reached Paris, when these industrious and artful
courtiers about the queen, who feared nothing so
much as Montrose's presence, used all means pos-
sible to divert him from coming forward ; and for
that purpose John Ashburnham, a gentleman of
the king's bed*chamber, and who had been his
unfortunate companion and guide, first to the Scots
army, and afterwards to the Isle of Wight, was
diqmtched with letters to him, in ordef to advise
his taking another course. When he met Mon-
trose, he b^gan to persuade him to return directly
to Scotland, and there renew the war, though
without men» money, arms, or provisions of axxf
kind; of design, as would aeemf that, being ex-
posed to so many accidents and dangers, he might
be certainly ruined, and his endeavours for the king's
. service rendered ineffectual.

It was easy for Montrose to discover their insi-
dious designs; and, therefore, he returned this
answer, That nothing could be more acceptable to
him than the service he proposed ; but as things
then stood, he did not see it was practicable to un-
dertake it : he wanted every thmg necessary for
renewing and carrying on the war, and it was not
in the queen's power to furnish them : the affec-
tions of the king's friends, even the firmest of
them, were much coded by the late orders for lay«
ing down their arms, and they were much weak-

27S nEMHB» W Tfl6

ed by the bad ter im (^ubted fwt tfarai : d^e re-
bels weiie lOftitecs of aU ScoUaad, md bad reotUed
4heir army out of Eaglmd» weU diaeipliiiad Md
well provided $ tbe Mftrquis of Huotly wm now
jlflo oveipowered» «od tbe dreadful bavoek made
of tbe Gordons bad eo terrified tbe reat of the oa^
tioa» tbat they weuM oertamly aiteoipt aMthiiig.
Sesideai be waa conumnded by tbe king» whom he
could «ot diaobey» to vait in Frmoe 6x further
and mre ample inatruetions (rim bim» and be
waa iully pwamded that tbe queen eould oot be of
^efjnion that bia migesty'a ovdei» Amid be idight-
ad aflad dianegaided* But when be got to JEWis,
and had paid bia date respeota to ber majeaty, be
diouid nefcon it a new and oanaidentUe addi-
tien of boBoar, if abe emp^eyod hfan eveai in
tbe moat difficult and dangerous pait ef bear aer-

Ashbumham, not sueoeoduig in tibeae efforta,
gaea another way to fmkk ; and, aritb a gneat deal
cf paateaded concem» entreata tbe manjuia to mind
bia own aafety, to make bia peaoe ivjtb the core-
nantera, and couit tbeir ^endabsp, and thereby
p»aerw Ibimaelf and bis IbUowen far bettor timea ;
sand be Aiaifcly nndertook to pnoeuie his loajcaty's
^owanGB, or» if be iidhoae it Tatbm% enen bia poai-
Jma iconunandt to treat mrith timm upon any terms.
Maotroae i»idied# that there waa ne person reaiUer
to «obey ^^ Jsing'a «den m (Owry thing honourable

eariafi¥fid$ but Abat be wieuld not obey even the

n

MABQUIS OF IfdNTMSE. 979

king kifns^lf» if he iihoM ^maimiWI any *)rin^ «Mt
hnvfttl, djAioMtinfcle, or pnifjudieMil to km royal ma^
jeaty.

Tke Avciidilke Leopold ^a» nt that time Viceroy,
and govetnor for the King of Spain mer the Low
Cottntries ; tvom whom Moa^roie reoei^ed ftrti per*
miMion to trawl tbrough Flanders in hi» iMray to
France, and arrked salb at I^ria, it wa6 ihoBglit
that fio peraoti would hwt been more kmdiy v^
edved at the qu^en'a «ourt then the Marqife of
Montioae; b»t it happened /juite odierwiae, by
means of the Predbylerians» and paftticularly Lord
Jermya, who was a epaeial favoarite, and had great
interest dt epurt, aod who took all oecasiom to de»
tract from MontroM, and to tatmrfi the gloi^ </(
hia gflitaot aetidis. Lord Jermyn hari^ the mar'*
quis a secret grudge on thii following aeeount t
Wbe» the king trusted btmself and his alSdrs an the
hands of the Scots covenanters at Neweastle, in
order the more efteetual4y to please them in every
thing, and to gain their ftiendship and «fl^edon,
he commanded Montrose to disband his amy ; the
marquis represented to thi9 king the hardi^Tip and
injustice of this measure, unless ho and the other
noblemen and gentlemen, who had servnd his ma»
jesty faithfully and legally, had full security lor
tlieir lives ; and that their honours ^nd dignides,
their lands and estates, which had been unjustly
taken from them, should be amply restored and
eonfirmed «o them by a special act ei parliaments

^0 Memoirs of the

pasfled with mutual consent of the king and thil
estates. Tliis was strenuously opposed by Argyle
and the other rebels, who, besides that they were
at open enmity with Montrose, and dreaded his
si^rior courage and conduct, were gaping after
his estate, and expected to enrich themselves by
his forfeiture» The good king was extremely sen*
sible of the justice and equity of Montrose's r^
quests, and would willingly have gratified him in
them, but he saw it was a matter of the last conse*
quence to attempt to wrest any thing out of their
hands against their will, and that it might evai
cost him his own life ; and, therefore^ begged of
Montrose not to insist obstinately upon his de*
mands, which would exposo the life and safety of
his sovereign to imminent danger ; and graciously
promised that, if ever he was again restored to his
liberty, and the administration of the govemmenl^
he would show a particular regard to him on that
account : in the mean time, he assured him, that
he had made sufficient provision for his honour and
dignity, and advised him to go to France, as his
ambassador extraordinary to the Most Christimi
king ; for which purpose he acquainted him he had
already dispatched his commission and instructions,
and that nothing on his part should be wanting to
maintain the dignity of his embassy, till, by the
blessing of God, he should recover his just autho*
rity, and recal Montrose to his own country. This
was very disagreeable to Lord Jermyn, who was

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 2S1

*

then the king's ambassador resident in France;
and as he bore away all the honour and profits
that wmre to be had about the court, he was afraid
that both migfat be diminished by the intenrention
of so great a roan as Montrose ; and» therefore, he
began to jnractise the same court^artifices upon
him, with which he had formerly proved success-
ibl in reflooybg the Earl of Norwich irom that sta«
tion.

Montrose expeoted that the kii^s commissioii
and instructions would be delivered to him imme-
diately upon his arrival ; but he was told, that
they had heat d nothing about them at the queen's
court, neither had they received any orders rela*
tive to them^ However, Ashbumham infontaed
him privately, that such indeed was the king's in-
tention, and that nothing could be more certain
than diat die court knew it to be so, he hfanself
having been dispatched to France for that purpose
three months before, but that Lord Jermyn, by
his address and interest at court, got every thing
rejected that tended to lessen hia power, or di-
struct his profit.

Montrose easily perceived that the king's com-
mands, and his own most reasonable requests, were
n^;lected and despised ; but his generous soul
could not endure the thoughts of being employed
in the low arts of court contention, and, tlmrefere,
addressed himself directly to the queen ; he hum-
Uy entreated her, that she would be graciously

MBHOIBS OV IBS

pleMed to iofiinn bim^ if ha eoM he any imy
aerviceaUe to hk floveveign, f«r, as the king her
hrahand was oov in die bands af his anemias» he
was entiscij at bar davotian» and veady» arith all
due laqieett to veoeim her ardent and abey Aem
widi the ulaiQSi; fidelity and apfdicatfcNi, heipg
willing, to spend his Uaod» and lay dawn hiaiife
in the semee. The ipiean answered with a heaay
heart, without explaining herself sufficiently on the
bead; &r whwt she was aik>wed.to £sllew bar awn
inolinataons» she was aiiways «sry mndi disposed to
encourage and advance this m^ble penson, who, of
all the king's subjects, had i^ne hsn the most
▼ahiable service, but beii^ xiehided by the artifiees
af her oosartieri^ who vsnntod of the power and
riches of the Pkesbytatians, sometimes in a isajottng
and at other times sn a asanaeing auumer, she was
fiwead into quite ether tneasures, and peipleaad
Maetrose withvanons, and fteyiontly eentmdie.
tory eentiments. *

He was sAwayi of opinion, that something of
nament oi^h$ to be attempted, in erdnr to terrify
the rebels from doing any thing inconsistettt with
the king^s isafety, and the qnoen wm mneh of the
ssme mind } bat tiba «oustiers took spsdal ease
Ikat these should he no money nady Sor pniehaa*
ing arma^ or defraying Ae necessary expence of
iuch an expeditsaau Montrose frequently offer»*
ed, if they would only furnish him w^ six
theuaand pistoles, to amke Jt descent iqpon Bate»

MAB«U|g OF VOHTEOSE. S83

with » tfaotwn^ mmf * aqd nm «H the kiog'Q
%4l «jfagectfl, who, be loiew, keiulily ftbkorred Aie
wiqkediimB pf the rebek in deUttoing tbeir Imffbl
«ovfP^ c»ptive» aoi wone bi^ m rtveogiog the
a£Bn(iiM»md injuries 4we to hii^ Attdcfetncm
§iS»^wi\y tp psrwuMde the quee», be eflfered to
liMge bis Jife^ a^ wbet be Yeekoned deamt to
bin» m <^e wodd» bie bonour, thfit thlt ftbouU
ppme B^irieeiible tp the icing t but ell wm to no
p^rp0s^ tbe pn^iraitipii wm {^pftmA %y the nror
nottfi cpurtieiVt to whom fiU thet lem^ned in the
qneen's trewuy seemed too litde to answer their
laixivy and profweneas»

Jn tbe mean time» these rebeUious conspimtorai
who had first eeotrlved a^d isnteted inte ihat
h^wrid lea^e agauvst the hkig, md^ in older te
wppoft it, bad anned the Soots agaiast himt and
eofountged alao the Snj^sfa, who were then Hving
peaceaUyf to foUesv their impious examplet end
had brought the king into so many baiddiipf, attd
/t Iwgtb. by the aswtanee of their hmtbren in
£l]glaiid« to jneTitoble mm, atteiopted, willumt
M«QtM>se's kMwledge, to impose upon the qnecat
in a very gipsa amd itopudeiit nannen They pm-
tmded that tbe king's impriaeiinMt g^tfpe them
very g^eat opnoet», but it was not to be impnfesd
to tbew} the £ag}iab «lime we» tp blame, what

• The Latin MS. has it ten thottsand meD.

tSy MEMOIRS OF THE

had engaged that the king should not be maltreat-
ed, and that nothing should be determined con-
cerning him, without the advice and consent of
the Scots covenanters ; but that they had not kept
their promise, that they were therefore resolved,
hj force of arms, to restore his majesty to his liber-
ty «nd former dignity, providing the queen would
accept of their service, and ratify and confirm bj
her authority what they designed for his majesty's
relief, and, therefore, they humbly entreated her to
employ the great interest she deservedly had with
the king her husband, to advise and persuade him
to trust himself and all his concerns to their care,
conduct, and fidelity ; promising to leave nothing
vnattempted, and spare neither pains nor labour,
nor lay down their arms, tin he was again settled
on the throne of his ancestors, and restored to
the peaceable dominion of these kingdoms. The
goodt but too credulous queen, blinded by these
fair promises^ was easily induced to trust them,
and to promise her assistance, which she aflerwards
performed. They endeavoured to conceal this
private negociation from Montrose, but he soon
come to the knowledge of it ; and at last, when
ftere viras a necessity to divulge it, the queen de-
cbr«d to him, that both the king md she were
so much <^cessed and wearied out with the
troubles they had already suffered, and were so
frightened at the thoughts of greater calamities
yet impending, that they had trusted themselves

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. €85

aad; their affiurs to the covenanters, as the most
probable means of preserving them from utter
shipwreck, and that thej were bodi unalterably
fixed in this resolution,

Montrose, who could never be induced to be»
lieve that these perfidious traitors, who were in*
yolved in such a multiplicity of crimes, would ever
deal honestly and fairly with the king, could hardly
refrain from shedding tears, when he saw his be-
loved sovereign, by trusting to the insidious pro-
9iises of his declared enemies, ready to plunge him-
self into an abyss of misery. With a countenance,
however, somewhat composed, he addressed the
queen in the following manner : ** It is, without
doubt, your majesty's right to determine what is
most for your service, and your subjects are bound
to yield a quick and ready obedience ; your majesty
shall find none of your subjects more obedi^it tha«
I am ; yet I reckon it my duty timeously to premo-
nish you of the evils that threaten both the king
and his kingdoms, if he takes that course ; and to
point out the most proper remedies, such, at least,
as the situation of affiiirs, now when they are bron^t
to the last extremity, will admit of. Your majesty
very well knows, that these honest men, whom
you are now about to trust, have «hown an implac«
able hatred, and used all manner of cruelty to-
wards the king ; they were the first that laid violent
hands upon him, and detained him as a prisoner in
their army ; it was they who loused him entrance

88$ MKK0IB8 OV TH&

into Soodwd ) it was they tf ho bcttUyed bim t#
the English ; and they cmitinw stitt to boteher
his iaithfid sufaj^^cts» whom thdy are daily sacrificm^
to their avarice and cruelty^ upon no Ot^ief ae«
conpt than their loyalty aldno. Neither is it tery
probable, that men so dee|iiy imnenied in rsifci-
lion can so soon have repented of theif dOddnct ;
on the eentrary, their avarice and ambition» jmn-*
ed with a consoiodsness of their former geitt^ will
rather pudh them on to pursue the saaie nieasureiv
from a persuasidn that their only hope of safety
and impunity consists in the total nin add de^
struction ol thek injured sovereign* The lest end
only remedy tvhichy in my ofMnoo» now remaitts»
in order to {NreserVe some kind of eurb over litis
cruel and unmedi^feaUe ae* of Hien, is to allow
me» who, from my fdrwier fiuMtfel services to the
king» have no hopes of a reosMiliation with iht
rebels» by die king's authority and special Obtnmk^
sion to nuse ad army chosen fretn among such of
my countrymen the Seats» as^ justly sospeetiiig the
Unstable loyalty and faith of the covenantee, will
never heartily join them» or fight under their cmoh
mand ^ and that this army should be as aoxilhwieB
to that which has ilready entered England» pto*»
viding they behave themselves honestly» and asbe^*
comes faithful su^ects ) but if they shaD return to
their former seditions practices» whk^fa is mudt to
be feared» and attempt to raise new tuoublei, and
betray the king a aseond time^ then these loMee

BIAROUIS OF MOMTHOSE. C87

under my command will be a terror to them, and
be able either to keep them to their duty, or re«
duce them, should they mutiny or revolt. As for
me, I shall readily yield to them the command»
the honour, the thatika and rewards that may be
expected, if they do but at length heartily and in
good earnest return to their allegiance ; and shall
reckon all my labours and hardships, my losses
and dangers, sufficiently recompensed, if they are
in any degree serviceable to ray sovereign, the best
of kings."

The Presbyterians^ by their earnest soKcitatioiis
and fair prowisesy joined with the great vaunta
they made of their ponver and influrace» had so dtf-
lud(pd thie ^f»mn with tl^n hopes, tfaA she sliglbted
the wiser eonnaeb of Montrose i and efitmstcd
not cQiIy her own safety» but even that of the king
her husband, and of the princes her oIuldte% sole*
ly to tboM who had been the antbom ctf all their for-
mer ealamitieSft and who were seen. Ce Ikrii^ metft
nnmerena and more grievoua traiiblea upon them*
Montrose» that he might Hot be thought an in-
pieaa part«dKn, or unoontierned speetafaw of se
great villany, desired and obtained leave from the
fueen te> depart frwn Faris^ and retire for some
time to the oenntiy'^ kt the reMyvery of his health
aad spirilflw after the \mg fatigue he had mdt^w*

fSM JCEMOIBS OF TH&

CHAP. IL

Charaderqfthe Preshjfierians.^OJ the IndependenU.~The
latter become the most poxverjul, and seize the king. — The
Preshijterians apply to Scotland for assistance, ^The ScoU
rake an army^ and appoint the Duke of Hamsbon gene-
ral.—Twojaaiont in Scottand, HomikoH*9an4 ArgyU's.

As in die sequel of this history there will be of*
ten-oecasien to mention the Prediyterians and In-
dependents, two sects of modem heretics with mo-
dem names, it will not perhaps be unacceptable to
the waders, strangers especially, neither will it be
foreign to our purpose, to premise a few thia^
concerning them.

When men leave the right road, and wander c^
the king's highway, it is usual for them to steay in
many devious paths and (Kmtrary and opposite by-
roads. This we find by sad experiaice to Imve
been the caseof the modemfanatics, who, under pre-
tence of restoring the purity of rel^on, have not
only disturbed, but utterly destroyed both church
and state. For after they had expelled the only
lawful governors of the dmrch, trampled on the
ancient church discipline, deformed the divine wor*
ship, and roost impiously dethroned the king, and
deprived the civil magistrate of his pow^, they

MARftUtS OT MONTROSE. S89

Split into innumerable sects and parties, distinguish-
ed by as many names : however, they may be rank-
ed under these two heads, the Presbyterians and
Independents, which comprehend all the rest.
The former of these, the Presbyterians, affect to be
so called from a new model of church-government
and discipline, unknown to former age% and more
[myperly deserving the appellation of an inquisi-
tion, which they recommend to the vulgar under
the specious but false name of the Presbytery ; for
they adopt into the meeting, which they call their
presbytery such of the people as are most zealous-
ly addicted to their way, as ploughmen, chapmen,
sailors, coblers, coalliers, salters, and the like ; men
not admitted into holy orders, and scarce sufficient-
ly instructed in the first principles of religion ;
these have the same right to vote in their presby-
teries with the ministers themselves; they are
elected annually, and dignified with the title of
lay or ruling elders. They pretend to maintain a
parity among their pastors ; but this is but a mere
pretence, and their practice contradicts it ; for a
very few of them, supported by the popular ap««
plause, and the giddy conceit of the rabble, lord it
in a most tyrannical manner, not only over their
own brethren, but over the peers of the land, and
will even dare to insult the king himself. Every
thing relating to the church and religion is brought
before the presbytery ; and not only so, but all
matters relating indifferently either to church or

S90 MEMOIRS OF THS

State, ^re farouglit heSsre it» under the notioii of »
sottidal, an oflPence, pr being in ^rdmc^ spmtmtSa.
l%ey coDTene without the conawt, and often
against the will of the supreme nagiatntef provin*
eial and national synods the laAt of v^hiA they call
general assembKes. These are a aovt of aupenw
presbyteries, and composed in the saqse nmner as
those above deseribed, in whieh they presume not
only to deliberate and debate, bu^ even to deter*
mine conoeming the most important and weighty
affiiirs of the state ; and against such as are so bar*
dy as to oppose or contradict their decrees, they
thiud^ out then: asfitheipas and eKComimukiev
tions, by which they teach, thai; both soul and bo-
dy is delivered over into the hands of the devil j
and by this means they terrify not only the poor
igO<»«Qt mob, but even the nobility sjnd genfecy»
and hold them under a wonderful awe and sufcrjeo-
tion. They strictly discharge all commecee or
oommunication whatsoever with such as are excom-
municated, and thus, with great ease, they dissolve
Ae reciprocal duties that subsist betwixt huflband
and wile, parents and children, masten and ser-»
vants, and even absolve the subjeots from die alle-
giance and obedience due by them to their sove-
reign. According to their principles^ such as dif-
fer from them in the smsllest article of religion, or
the most msignificant rite of .external worship, may
be justly punished with imprisodmoit, banishmei^
or even death itself; but they are niie partictdarw

MARQICJiS OF MONTROSE. 2$!

ly severe agamst such as deny the divine riglit ei
presbytery. If they bear a grudge i^ainst any ef
their neighbouis, ail his words and actions are so
narroiviy canvassed and scanned, that very few can
live ill seetirity among them. In their sermons
they have the impudence to insalt and reproach
the noUHty, the royal family, and even the king
himsel^f, to their faces, with impunity ; by such
rudeness rendering them odious and contemptiUe
to the people, whose favour and afiections they
tb^pehj obtam, and, by making them bdSeve that
they are inspired vrith a divine prophetical spirit,
«rriveat an unlimited influence over them. They
never fail to find fault witk whatever is done, even
in parliament, that has not the sanction of the
presbytery's approbation. Tliey maintain, that
presbyters can, and ought to be judged by the
presbytery only, a privil^e which they pretend to
found upon the word of God ; and, in consequence
thereof, that the civil magistrate has no right nor
power to call them to account, or punish them,
though guiky of sedition or rebelKon, tiU they
have been first condemned by the presbytery. In
these pnneiples they^ diflbr very widely from the
reformed churches in HoHand, the classes, in the
Palatinate, or the eonsistory in Geneva ; for all of
these yield that honour and respect which is due to
the etvil mi^istrate, upon whom they depend, and
whose eommtHids^y punctually obey. The Pres-
byterians, on the jcontrary,- not only dbspise, con*

292 MEMOIRS OF ruzr

tradict, and oppose him, but also foment seditions
against him, and spirit up the populace, whom they
keep in subjection to themselves by their dreadful
delusions, and bind over, by horrid oaths and im-
pious covenants, to rise in arms against him and
dispute his authority. In a word, by their pride,
self-conceit, and avarice, they are grievous to all
ranks of men, being far more cruel and intolerable
than the ancient Druids, or even than the modem
inquisitors of the church of Rome*

To this account of the Presbyterians we may
subjoin that of the Independents, their genuine off-
spring, resembling in every thing the corrupted stock
from which they sprung. They are called Inde-
pendents, because they acknowledge no dependence
upon any superior; for emperors, kings, popes,
bishops, presbyteries, synods, and councils, though
free and economical, they reject, condemn, and
anathematize, as antichristian and diabolical inven-
tions. As they separate themselves from the rest
of mankind, whom they consider as polluted and
profane, so they are divided and split among them-
selves into innumerable sects and parties, a conse-
quence which must necessarily befal those who have
violently broke asunder all the bonds of unity and
society. However, they agree surprisingly in this
particular, that they tolerate one another, and in-
flict no other punishment on such among them as
differ in matters of religion, than exclusion from
their religious meetings. They agree with the

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. ' 29S

Flresbyterians, and endeaTour to exceed them in
treachery, avarice, sacrilege, cruelty, and contempt
of such magistrates as will not subject themselves
to them. Holy orders, especially imposition of
hands, of which the Presbyterians still retain some
resemUance, they abhor as a magical rite, and an
invention of the devil. The people choose their
own ministers, and whom they create one day, they
pull down the other. In their private meetings
they regulate every thing that concerns the divine
worship, and the ecclesiastical government. Learn-
ing and learned men are the special objects of their
hatred, as being enemies of true Christian piety.
They esteem no preacher who does not pretend
that he is immediately inspired with the Holy Spi-
rit ; and in their extemporary prayers, much talk-
ing, magical gestures, distortions of the face and
eyes, loud and horrid bawling, every thing, in
short, confused and indigested, are applauded and
admired, as the infallible signs of the immediate
influence of the Spirit. They are for the most
part Anabaptists, and baptize by the immersion of
the naked bodies of both sexes, after they are be-
come adult, into rivers. They likewise pollute the
sacred eucharist in an abominable manner. Be-
sides the Arian heresy, and such like impieties,
these notable reformers have again revived and
brought upon the stage the dotages and obscenities
of the Carpocratians, the Adamites, and the Crnos-
tics. They think that Papists, with those who

flSMf UEMiHBB W THfi

worship God accoidiag to the litiu^ of the churdi
o( fiqgland, ought to be imprisoBedt banished, for-
feited, and {MYMectited with fiiie and Bword, for the
sake of their rdigioo, and them only ; but they
are more favourable to the Papists than to thoee
of the church of £aiglaiid. At the same time, they
tolerate all the other sects of heretics, even Turks
and Jews. They maintain, that the people, by
whom they understaQd only the lowest class, ex-
cluding kings, princes^ and peers, hare, by divine
appointment, an absolute and uncontrollable do-
minion over the lives and fortunes of the whde na-
tbn ; in which, as in most other things, they agree
with the Presbyterians ; only, that what they, in
words, ascribe to the people, is, in edfect, arrogated
by the jHresbytery, to whose decrees the people are
entirely subjected.

From the beginning of the troubles in Great
Britain, the Presbyterians, considering the Inde-
pendents as their sons and brethreu, were at great
pains to court them, because, as they were very
numerous, they expected their asastance would
be useful in subduing the common enemy, so they
impiously called the king. They flattered them*
selves, that these simple and foolish men, as they
esteemed them, would quickly come over to thdr
party ; or, if they shewed any reluctance, would
easily be brought to join them either by force or
fraud. Deceived with these flattering hopes, they
encouraged the Independents upon all occasions, no

MAMDI8 OF HOIITBOSE. 995

finmvutt refuted them, many of them were choeeki
into the pttriiament, others advanced to the phMM
of greatest tniat» and eneooraged to aspire to the
highest titles ; they were made captains and colo-
nels in the army, got the eommand oithe best
AipSf were made governors of the best fortified
towns and castles» and had their choice of the
richest colonies ; thus by degteen they rose to cbn-,
nderable power add greatness, and thereby at
lenitth began to grow formidablci and suspected
by their patrons the Presbyterians, who saw, when
too late, that they had cherished a serpent in their
bosom, which» by the just judgment of God, re^
Gompensed them aa they deserved» and thus the
Independents deceived the most deceitful of msBi^
kind, and soon began to prescribe kWs to those
from whom they used to receive them. Among
the secret articles of their horrid confederacy^
which they impiously denominated the Sbleian
League and CmenmiU that was not the least ma»
terial, whereby both parties, with a fraudulent in<-
tent, and in order to outwit each other, agreed to
a mutual toleration of one another, till they had
vanquished the common enemy, and put an etid
to the war, after which, they were to sit down
and adjust the controversies which had arisen
among them in an amicable and friendly manner }
the Presbyterians being resolved to root out the
Indqiendents, and they, on the othet hand, equaU
ly determined to shake off the tyrannical yoke of

C96 MEMOIRS OF Tfi[£

the Preibyteriiins. The last are the most nvaae*
Tous in Scotland, but the Independents exceed
them in England ; however, many more of the
Scots Presbyterians favoured and countenanced
the Independents, who had now taken possession
of the government in England, than there were of
the English who countenanced the Presbyterians.

The king having been delivered up by the Scots
covenanters to the English Presbyterians, was by
them lodged in Hoimby castle, and there kept
under a military guard, where the Independents
seized and carried him off by open force ; and
thereby shewed the world what they had the
power and hardiness to attempt. The Presby-
terians, highly enraged at this daring enterprise,
accused them of a breach of public faith, and
threatened to take an adequate revenge, while
they, triumphing in the possession of their in-
valuable booty, insulted over the Presbyterians as
vanquished, and laughed at their impotent menaces,
being fully prepared for all encounters. Various
were the artifices now put in practice by both
paities, as if they had vied which should outdo the
other in craft and dissimulation. They both pre-
tended to have the honour and interest of the king
at heart ; and that their sole aim was to restore
the dignity of the crown, and secure the liberty
of the sufcgect by just and equitable laws. Each
party accused the other of maltreating thek ing
while in their custody, and with dealing with him

MARQUI9 OF liONTROSE. S97

un£iirly und di6ii^;enuousIy ; and pretended, that
it was their inciinatioii, and the only way to satisfy
the earnest wishes of the nation, and bring about
a safe and lasting peace, to come to honourable
terms with his majesty, and to receive his friends,
and such as had adhered to him, again into favour.
The public declarations on both sides were full of
professions to this purpose, particularly those of
the Independents, and among these Cromwell,
who was appointed lieutenant-general of the army
under Fairfax, was the most ibrward. However,
some persons who were farther sighted saw through
the disguise, and perceived that neither pfuty were
ingenuous in their professions, and that the whole
amount of the dispute betwixt them was not, which
party should have the honour of delivering their
king, and restoring him to his ancient dignity,
but which of the two should have the glory of
triumphing over their vanquished sovereign, and
the pleasure of usurping his government. In-
deed, for some time the Independents treated him
with much less severity than he had formerly been,
whereby many conceived great hopes of a speedy
accommodation. Many of his own servants, par-
ticularly his chaplains, were allowed to attend him,
a favour which, on the most pressing entreaties,
he could never obtain from the Presbjrterians.
They permitted him in his devotions the use of
the liturgy of the Church of England, to which
he professed his firm adherence, even with his

21)S fif SaiOIBS OF TUB

lat^t breath. The Scots oraiiiiiMoMn had li-
berty to present addresses to hhn, and were also
admitted to con£»r with htm in private. Hie
nobility and gentry, and even many of the ofieen
who had saved in his own army, were admitted
to Tisit him at all times without restraint, and in
general, all imaginable retfect was paid him for
isome time. However» the defdorable catastrophe,
which soon after ensued, proved a convincing evi-
dence, that this sunshine was indulged the king
by the Independents, only to gain time till they
had suppressed the power of their rivals, and
rendered their own £iction superior and uncon-
trollable, both in the army and the parliament.

The power and influence of the English Plreriiy-
terians being thus abridged, and their high e&pec-
lations likely to be disappointed, they had recourse
to the Scots, their old confedemtes, and implored
their aid and assistance, assuring them that their
army should no sooner enter England, than they
would be joined by the bulk of the people, who
were heartily wearied of the oppresrion and tyran-
ny of the Independents. The Soots, who were of
themselves very well inclined to a war with Eng-
land, grasped at the opportunity, and immedilrtely
laid the matter before the parliament, where the
expedition was almost unanimously resolved upon.
But there was some difference of opinion, what
they should allege as the cause of the war, and
concerning the choice of a general to comnumd

MAIIQUI3 OF MONTROSE. 299

the army: tome were for loading the Indepen*
dente with . perfidy, and breach of the Solemn
League and Covenant, because that the Pi'esby terian
ehuTidi-gaverBLinent had not as yet been established
in England, notwithstanding that episcopacy had
been long before utteily abolished. Argyie and
his associates, who had drawn over the most tur*
bulent and seditious ministers to their party, in^
sisted that this should be declared the only cause
of the war. The other party, among whom the
Duke of Hamiltim and his brother were the chief,
though they acknowledged this to be the principal
cause of the war, were likewise for adding as
another reason, that the king was unjustly detain-
ed prisoner, contrary to the promises given to the
Scots at Newcastle ; and that they were resolved,
by a just and open war, to rescue him out of their
hands, and bring him to a free and personal treaty
(to use the language of the times) with his parlia-
ment, whether the Independents would or not.
This was strenuoui^ly urged and insisted on by the
Haniltonian faction, on purpose to ingratiate
themselves with the loyalists, and get them to vote
on their side. But Argyie and the rigid Presby«-
terians, who were entirely devoted to him, and
pretended to no less character than that of reformers
of the times, would hearken to no overtures for the
king, whom they considered as obstinately harden-
ed, and unalterable in his impious opposition to
presbytery; and were, therefore, for disowning

sou MEMOIRS OF THE

him, and leaving him to the mil and pleasure of
his moht cruel and inveterate enemies. And, ac-
cordingly, both parties appealed» Argyle and his
faction to the general assembly, and the Duke of
Hamilton and his party to the parliament.

The kingdom was immediately thereupon split
into two parties, and two supreme judicatories were
erected in direct opposition to one another. The
general assembly, on the one hand, thundered out
their ecclesiastical censures, their anathemas, and
excommunications ; and the parliament, on the
other, threatened imprisonment, banishment, con-
fiscations, and military execution. By this means
the people were miserably distracted betwixt fear
and superstition ; and even the nobility were at
a loss what conduct to pursue in this confusion.
The Duke of Hamilton's party, who were the ma-
jority in parliament, procured the raising a very
great army, * and had the officer^ all named to
their liking ; they levied money, and oi?dered
arms, ammunition, and every thing to be got ready
for hastening their intended expedition ; and the
Duke of Hamilton was himself unluckily appoint-
ed general, much against the inclinations of many,
who suspected his loyalty and fidelity to the king.
Argyle's faction, who, on the contrary, were supe*
rior in the assembly of the kirk, and carried all be-

♦ May 3, l648.

MABQUIS OF HONTftOSfi. SOI

ibre them, parsed an act censuring and condemn-
ing that expedition, though it was approven and
authorised by the parliament ; and, to make their
act the more effectual, not only employed their
spiritual artillery to terrify the people, but also
stirred up great numbers in the western parts of
the kingdom to rise in arms and oppose it : from
their numbers, and the encouragement given them
by their preachers, whom they looked on as in-
spired, they were confident of success ; but, being
all raw and void of discipline, Middleton soon
quelled them, though not withotit some danger.
Several of their ministers were taken prisonerSf
completely armed, and fighting desperately in the
first ranks ; * but Hamilton, to curry favour with
the Presbyterians, pardoned them not only that,
but the other treasonable acts they had been for-
merly guilty of

About the same time, the general assembly, in
order to draw down the dislike and reproaches of
the populace upon the parliament, appointed a day
of solemn humiliation and fasting to be observed
through all Scotland j for which the chief reason
they alleged was the defection and apostasy of the
states of the kingdom from the truth and purity of

• These ministers were William Adair, William Guthry,
Gabriel Maxwell, and John Nevoy, or Nave, the instigator of
the iDas!»acre at Dunnavertiei old Cant's nephew ; they were
the principal commanders of this tumultuous army*

302 MEMOIRS OF TBS

i

religioii, by their mdeefours to Restore the kii^
upon too easy terms. The Duke of Hamilton
openly professed himseUf a IVesbyterian ; aiid, in
several pamphlets which he pidoJi^ed in defence
of hi& conduct» he declared and protested solemnly
to^ the peo^e» that he wouhi religiously observe die
Solemn League and CmenanU which he would de-
lend afiaiiist aU mortak ; and that the army wtiich
he ccHomanded was chiefly raised» and would be
employed lor that end» None of the loyaKaks» es-
pecially those who had formerly served under
Montrose, were promoted by him to any dignity,
or allowed any command in the army ; hoiwever,
he privately gave them encouiagemeat to expect
places of trust and hoDour» how soon he entered
England. By these means he thought to have
pleased both parties ; but in this he found himself
disappointed, becoming thereby suspected and
hated by both.

MABQDia 09 MONTROSE. SOS

CHAP. III.

The Duke of Hamilton marches his army irUo England; join*
ed hy several of Ae EngUsk ; defeated by Cromwell at
PresUmt oiM surrenders hmseiff^^A new army raised in
Soailandf and the command given to thfi Earl qf Lanark ;
he is joined by great numbers of thfi nqbiUty and gentry.-^
General Monro, contrary to Lanarlts intention, attacks
and defeats Argyle at Stirling, — Lanark's loyalty suspect»
ed; ai length he concludes a dishonourahle peace loiih Ar^

The Didce ofHamiltODy besides the chmoeleYiea
he had made m ScotlaBd, procured likewise from.
Ireland a considerable numbi»r of old exp^ienced
troqwy under the command of George Monro» a
very brave general. The Earl of Callender, who
had been from his infancy trained up in the wars»
both a* hmie and abroad» and was now become
remarkable for his skill in military affiiirs, was afh
pointed by the parliament his lieutenant-general»
and went along with him to England. His brother»
the Earl of Lanark, was left at home» to bring up
a reinforcement» if there should be occasion. In
short, every thing was settled to his mind ; he had
a very brave army, appointed with exceUent and

304 MEMOIRS OF THE

experienced officers, and well provided in arms and
other necessaries ; and he had assurance of being
joined by a considerable reinforcement in England.
Yet with all these encouragements it was thought
by many that he made not that quick progress he
ought to have done : they complained that* he tri-
fled away the time to no purpose, and allowed a
fine opportunity to slip out of his hands, whereby
the enemy had time to recover their surprise, and
put themselves in a posture of defence ; and they
concluded, that the loyalists in England, who were
already in arms, and even the king himself now
for a second time, were basely betrayed to their
enemies by this scandalous and unseasonable delay.
One thing is certain, that great numbers in several
counties in England,especially in Wales, Kent,
and Cornwall, trusting to the duke's promises, and'
expecting powerful assistance from him, rose in
arms, under the command of the king's officers,
rather too early, which in the end proved fatal
both to themselves and to the king.

When he came at length to the borders, he was
met by several gentlemen of the north of England»
remarkable for their courage and loyalty, and of
considerable weight and influence in these counties^
They joined the Scots army very frankly ; and as
a proof and pledge of their fidelity and constancy,
they immediately delivered up the towns of Ber-
wick and Carlisle, two strong forts, which they
had some time before taken from the Independents ;

MARQDIS OF M0MTR08E. S05

and, removing their own garrisons, allowed a Scots
garrison and a Scots governor to be left in their
stead. Among these who joined the army were
Sir Philip Musgi^ave, and Sir Marmaduke Lang-
daie, with many other gentlemen of great interest
and authority, who had plentiful estates, many de-
pendents, were well beloved in the country, and
had distinguished themselves by tlieir conduct and
courage* Yet notwithstanding, the duke did not
advise with them in any matters of moment : they
were, indeed, admitted to the public councils,
where nothing considerable was ever transacted ;
but were never allowed access to the cabinet-coun-
cils, which consisted of a few of the duke's crea*
tures, and where every thing of consequence was
concluded. These English gentlemen, who were
acquainted with the roads in their own country,
and the temper and disposition of their countrymen,
beyond what the Scots could pretend to, gave it as
their advice to march through Yorkshive, the inha*
bitants of which county they knew to be particular-
ly well affected to the king : but the duke, who ne*
ver failed to neglect the loyalists, and to extol and
encourage the Presbyterians, rejected their coun-
cil, and chose to march through Lancashire, be-
cause the generality of the people there were inclin-
ed that way. He unluckily ordered Monro, with
a strong body of both horse and foot, to stop in
Westmorland ; and desired Sir Marmaduke and
hi^ men, who were not indeed very numerouS| bvit
u

906 MEMOIBS OF THE

were stout and trae loyalists» to take a difibretti:
rout, and pitch their camp separate from the Scots ;
and the body which he himself commanded, he
permitted to divide and spread abroad through the
country, among the villages and farmers' houses, to
the distance of at least twenty miles, contrary to
all the rules of military discipline. However, that
he might not appear to act in this matter altogether
without some colour of reason, he pretended, that
he took this course in order to ease the people of
this country, who were much attadied to the king,
and .to render the procuring of forage and provi**
sions for the army more convenient and expedi<«
tious. In the mean time, he rested secure, and ne-
glected the enemy ; who, on the other hand, were
extremely diligent and alert in catehing hold of
every advantage which could promote their success.
By these means the duke, who, upon other occa*
sions, was, in the opinion of a great many, reckon^
ed a man of great prudence and foresight, and
particularly versed in ensnaring his adversaries,
shewed himself at this time an ill*advised, unskfl*
ful, and unlucky general, to the irreparable preju-
dice of the king, the kingdom, and himself»

In the mean time, the Independents, who bad
made themselves masters of the king» detained bin
close prisoner in the Isle of Wight, whither he had
retired, being partly driven there by violence, and
partly alhired by viUany and deceit : tJiey likewise
seized the command of the city and tower of Lo«r
11

MARaUIB «V MONTROSE. SO?

dmu t)ut of the hsmdi of f be Pmib]f1;eritiits^ «iid tibt ^
only expdted them frMi bodi htMses of ^U^ttlMt,
but poised tfaeit army of diMi entirely, fidiiig
thtn becotne absdnte masterd, and having MUfned
the whole po #Br into own their hMdB, tbey nowb^gtln
to lay aside the ndask, and dispky te niach railcodr
and hatred towards the Predbyterian^i as th^y had
done hitherto towards the king, beitig resolved to
trample on presbytery as insolently as th«y had di*
ready done on the crown.

Fairfax» their general^ undertook to qudl sdtne
Presbyterians who had joined the loyalists thAt wfere
up in arms in Kent and Essex ; which he Easily
efibctuated, as they Weni raw nndiscipliiied lAebi
without order add without bfllfeers, and quite ttnfil
and unprovided for war* Colchest^n ho#eter,
though but indifferently fortified^ held out against
him much longer than could h^e beetf expected ;
which was chiefly owing to the vfl^Ur aiid t'etoln-'
tion of the king's officers^ particularly Sir Charted
Lucas and Sir George Lisle, whose gallant beha-
viour on this occasion Ought never to be forgot.
Cromwell) the lieutenant-general, enlgaged the
Scots army under the Duke of Hamilton with pret^
ty much the same success : they wete lyltig id
Lancashire very secure, When CrOKnwell cttiAe npoli
them unawares : the English» commanded by Sit
Marmaduke Langdale, reeeived the first shofek; koA
they fought it a consideraible time with great bra-
very ; but at length being overpowered with num^

308 M£MOiaS OF TUB

bers, and almost surrounded by the enemy, their
powder also falling short, and despairing of any assist-
ance from the duke, which they had in vain demand*
ed, they were forced to save themselves by flight.
Cromwell, being thoroughly informed by the de-
serters of the bad order and discipline of die
duke's army» promised himself a very easy and cheap
victory, and made a very brisk chaige with his
cavalry, in which his principal strength consisted,
upon the centre of the Scots army. The duke,
who was utterly ignorant pf military affidrs, being
confounded with the enemy's sudden and precipi-
tate attack, and at a loss what he should do, retir*
^d with what forces he had about him into the
town of Frestgn, But he did not continue long
there i for, being either actuated by fear, or fiital«
ly hurried on to his own ruin, he abandoned the
town to the enemy that very night, without wait*
ing the arrival of the rest of his army, who, imme-
diately upon the first notice of the enemy's ap-
proach, and without any positive order or com-
mand for that purpose, were coming up in great
numbers, ai)d in good spirits, to his assistance,
from all the comers of the country round where
they were quartered. He crossed the river, but
without leaving any guard upon the bridge, which
Cromwell there forepresently seized ; and having
l^ft hjs foot to their own fate, he and his cavalry
betook themselves to a sliameful and dishonour-
fible flight. The foot, f<Jlowing the example and

MARQUIS OF MONTfiOflE. 809

cDfden of BaOlie their oominaiider» flhuDefuUjr
threw away theit arms, and suitendered to the yic-
torious enemy. Some of the horse joined Monro $
but the greater part followed and overtook their
flying general. He had still remaining with him
upwards of three thousand good horse ; who, after
a journey of three or four days, having left the
enemy at a great distance behind them, and having
got themselves refreshed, were unanimously of opi-
nion, that something ought yet to be attempted
for the king's service. Some were for forcing their
way to Monro, even through the midst of the ene-
my ; others were for marching into Wales, and
joining the loyalists there who were yet in arms :
but all agreed in this, that an honourable death
was rather to be chosen than to fiill into the hands
of such base and cruel enemies. The general
alone was of a contrary opinion. What had hi^
pened them, he said, was the common chance of
war, and ought to be calmly submitted to, without
endeavouring to stru^le with their adverse for-
tune ; especially as he saw no hope of safety re*
mained in fighting, and there was no reason to de-
Bpair of mercy from their enemies, providing they
made a speedy surrender, which was the only ef«
fectual method to preserve themselves. Cromwell's
army not coming up speedily, so as to answer hk
inqpatience, he bq^an to treat of surrendering with
the governor of a little obscure fort, and conelud*
ed with him upon no other terms, than only to save

810 . MBMoiaa ob the

the lives of hiauetf and hia foUovevs. This petty
gDveraor bad haetilj got together a» nibUe of
pountr; peopl^^ not exceediog four hundfed ; aocl
to thia finrmrdaUb enemy the duke waa just on Ihe
point of ^rendering hiioaelf aod thnee thqwand
good cavalry, when oevra waa hrougbli that thct ^Eifd
of Stain%d (othpis say Coloiael Lambert) <iHaa at
hand} and to him he surrMudared hiqaiaelf and Ua
annyi i^pon the same conditionathat hadbewbpoe^
accihed him by the pa&tiy goyevner ; and wtis^ ymj
wfnk ^A^ thnuvQ^ into, piisoo» The {larl ef Cab-
lendec, the. Heittanantrg^QfiraJ, upon whom the
duke's friends thjssm all die blame o( hMsag: the
army and their other misfortunes, hecai«ie the
duke had committod ta him the whole chaige and ,
command, as to. military affiiirs, detesting this par
aittaniq^ua conduct, chose somewhat a men hor
Ufmrahle course, and tcaveUed in disguise through
England» tfll at length, getting the opportunity of
a ship, he escaped to Holland* Tb^j richer ant
a£ thO' prisoners punchased their liberty by money :
some made tb(^ escape by deceivJng, odic^ by
bribing, the gaoleiSt: but the common soldfecs» lAo
^uU; find no.wiiy to escape, were treated ina mo^
barbaixwa.and unchristii^a manner, and sold to.the
me]»hants.at aa inconsiderahle price, and sent as
sbyes to. the Wesfe Indies

Monro, and those with him,.wha hidisunayed
the battle o£ Eoaston, ware immediately^ reoallAd) to
Scotland by the. ]^aii of Lanark, wl|o joined them

MABQUIS OF MOHTROSE. 31 1

Ml kt from tte borders with a comtderaUe body^
conaisliiig of his own friends and rassals, and se-
traal other loyalists. Many Ei^liih gendemeii
UkewiBe, willing to share the same fertnne with
them» came and offered their serrices to fig|hC
agaidst the lebeb, whetJier Scodand 6r EnglancI
shouU be the seat of war. Those of the nobility
who ohieij Beivoured the king's sidey either came
dimnseites^ wtth what assistance they could pos-
sibly raise, or sent proper messengers to sigmfy
their good intentions and readiness to join in the
atrviee as soon as possiUe. By these means La-
nark had very soon a foree sufficient to oppose
Cromwell, if he shou^ invade Scotland, or to qnadi
Aigyle, should he attempt to raise any new
twublee at home. But this army still wanted a
eommandw. A gieneral council of war was there-
fore called for electing another general in place of
the Dftke af Hanliiten, who was now detained pri-
soner ilk England } in which his brothei^ the Eail
of Laaarky who was rather too aspiring and ambi-
doui9^ pretiendied to that office ; and, contrary to
the iilGKnalion? of great nuinbers, rather assumed
than obtained it by alKiir choice. The £ari oi Rox-
bui^y a noUeman' of great experience, and by fiir
the^mtost powerful in that oouii^, strenuously (^
posed it ; and, in a grare and modest speech, emr*
neatly entreated him^ fw the sAe of their dear so«
ifwei^ and their distressed country, not to insist
in demanding, that* dignity^ which was extremely

913 JlEltfOIBS OF THE

muefl^hable and ill judged at that time. He toM
faim» that, evei» before the late ddeat, many wem
vuch oifended at the expedition into England, iEoA
reckoned that it presaged no good ; chiefly becasflO
hia brother the duke was appointed genenl;
whose fidelity in the management of the tang's «(&
finrs net a few suspected, though he believed with-:
out any good ground j however, it could not be
denied that he had always been unfortunate ; and
people's judgments, wkh respeol to the conduct m
misconduct of generals, are known to depend, in a
great measure, though, indeed wrongously, npon
their success. Though, for his own part, he said^
he was ready to ascribe the loss of that gallant ar«
my under his brother, which was attended with
such a disgrace to the nation, to the cowardice of
others^ or to inevitable misfortunes; yet it was
sufficiently known, that most of the populace,
whose good affisctions ought by all means to be ob*
tained in this critical juncture, spoke and thought
very differently concemmg that affiur from what it-
was proper for him to do. And if the Eari of
Lanark should succeed his brother the duke in
that station, as they were already highly inflamed
and exasperated, they would immediately exclaim,
that the king and country were now utteriy undone i
that both the brothers were of the same mind ; that
they were swayed by the same motives; that th^
pursued the same courses ; and all their enterprises ^
would undoubtedly terminate in the same unlucky

MARCKUIS OF MOMTBOSE. SIS

nunmer i tint we ivwited net many other pem»
of Quality, wise aad brave men^ and proper for ac-
tioii, ^OBe ancestors have had the conmouid of the
Hog^B armies» and in that post acquired no snudl
faoDonrand renowni It was» therefore^ his opinioDy
that some of these shonld be invited, and oblige
ed, even against their own inolinatiens^ to take
i^on them the command of this army ; and, if
it pleased the faonomable meetmg, he tlionght
the first eSer oaght to be made to the Earl Man*
flhal« whose family may be ranked among the first
in Seotland, as having often distinguiflhed itself by
its loyalty and bravery ; one who has a j^entifiil
estate, in ^ flower of his age, not in the least sua»
pected ef faction and disloyalty ; and, which is of
itself no small recommendation in the present case^
one who is not courtii^ this preferment,
r All the nobility and officers present went {4iim
inio Roibufgh's opinion ; but the Earl of Lanark^
after boasting very high of his own merit, said, in
a tbreal^ing manner, that he would never suffer
the command of these forces to be wrested out of
his hands, now in his brother's absence. Rox-
burgh, and the other nobility and gentry, who
wisely foresaw the tendency of such courses, re«
turned home heartily grieved and eoncenied, and
never intermeddled more with public affiurs, which,
freaa this time forth, went every day into confusion
aadnsin.
Afler Lanark entered Scotland, his first and

814 MBHOIRS OF TBS

jpndfal oottcern waa to dimiw tiMie faraw mtkd
iittdifiil Eng^iili auxUkms trhm had jomed him»
ftOegingt Aufkf by faaving so mmaf stwngets about
Um» and in; hia army, he might theveby give «ni-
biaga to the Soata» and ba im dangar of aiiwating
«heir aftatiofia. la the meantime^ ha gsm diena
naaon taeipaci; that he woidd jaia. with them im
wmtml adviee aad asaiataBee» which» howorer». they
found afterwaida i» turn out fake etherwiaew Hia
MOBt hnaineaa! waa to* aand ckcular letten throagh
aU parta ef the hiogdem» with a Tery gaeafc pande,
kivitii^ aU nnka of men» aad paisticulaaly the i
hilily^ gpntay,. and heads of dana^ tor rise m
aad join hia» with all expedition. He aduMiw-
ledged that a jMurt of hia brother's army waa loat»
but that the duke hedi behaved very gaUantly» and
that the diaaater waatto: be aaeribed to the cowardice
m pei£dy of othera ; however, the greatest part
wna $till aafb and resolute under his command y he»
therefore», earnestly entreated them to come and
share willi> hinif the honours and advantagea that
wqald certainly attend hia victorious arms. But*
asihe well knew that his constancy and fidelity in
the cause of his king and country was much qiiee^
tinned by many» he therefore imprecated tbe heari»
eat cursea iqx>n himself» if he did not pnosecuteto
the utmost this most just and equitable war» vdiieh
waa first b^n for rescuing the kmg» and leaaor*
ing him to his royal dignity» and to which he had
now an additional motive» the safety and enlafge»

MAMim W MiniTROSE. 315

tttent of bis 4earMt brother. There were very few
» «bstiiiate m their prejucHee» against t^ two
broliiet^, <»* so incfedulous» wlio were not ready to
^ve credit to this letter, and receiTe some good
mpressions in their lavow. All beyond Forth,
€Nrm the people of Fife» prepared to rise in arms.
The Earl of Seaforth brought np four thousand
{ncked men» aH well armed, from the Western
Inlands, uid the utmost parts of Caithness. The
Snrl of Morton had already brought up to Lothian»
fima the Orkney Islands, about tweWe hundred
men» but they all wanted arms, and these prudent
generals took vmy littfe eare to provide them«
There was also good ground to believe, that they
would be soon joined by the Grordons^ whose chief-
tain, the Marquis of Huntly, was then in pri«
son at Edinburgh^ and* in danger of his life ; the
Biurl of Errol, heritable high constable of Scotland;
the Saris M^rishal, Buchan, and Atbole, and alt
the men they could raise ; besides the Lords OgiU
vy^ Spynie,Cam^ie, Scrim2eour^Drummond,TU«
Ubelrdine, Erskine, Fleming, Livingston, Lindesay,
Sinclair, Douglas, Queensberry, Hartfield, Gallo-
way, Dumfries, Maxwell, Annandale, Home, Lin-
ton, and many other lord^, barons, and' heads of
elans, either particultu*ly attached to the ftmily (^
H^Hnilton^ OP strongly devoted to the king's inte^
rest ; and' the whole Highlanders, Argyle alone
excepted' : of^ all whom many had already bore
iheir part in the war much to theu: prejudice.

SI 6 BTEMOIRS OF'THl:

The Marquis of Argyle's fiMstioB, diMy hf ihm
assisUnce and instigation of the fiiBitie miniiten^
liad gathered together a eonfused rabble in the wait
country, composed of faroien» oewherda^ ahe^
herds, ooblers, and sueh like mob, without armsy
and without cowage, and sent them to Edinbuq^
under the command of Danrid Leslf • There tbqf
were i»ovided with arms, which, «b they weae un*
aoenstomed to, were rather a burden and inQHin*>
farance than of any use ; and were mounted upim
horses, or jades rather, idbich had been long uaeA
to the drudgery of labour, equipped with ^pmk*
saddles and halters, in place of saddles and bri^Jlw*
Argyle himself followed them, with about aeven
hundred men, all in the same plight, of whom h«
proposed to put a garrison into Stirling, whieh.ivai
a rery convenient station for his purpose*

The Earl of LanariL was now marching to Edw?
bur^ at the head of a gallant and powerful anay«
having under his command no less than five
thousand excellent light horse, and six tfaaiMU|d
foot» chiefly veterans; the men were all hearty*
well armed, every way well provided, and caoi«
manded by most experienced oflkers, and wished
for nothing more than to engage the enemyt oven
whom they promised themselves a certup an4
chei^ victory. His advanced guard wim already
come the length of Musselburgh, which is ahwu^
four miles from the city, where they found, a guai4
placed by Lesly to defend the bridge over tjjhe ISA,

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 817

and jdion^ diey were much inferMNr in number»

tti^, flnmediately put them in great disoider» an4

kilied seirerals» withoat having one .man of theiv

0WB killed or iPOundecL They forthwith leported

their success to Lanark» an4 assured him, that the

enepiy.were wedk and cowardly, and thought of

nothing but flying .or surrendering» so that- a vie*

tory withoat bloodshed, which would be therefore

the more popular, was now in their power, and

thi^ if he pnusned the blow diat was ahtady

Ipven, while diey were yet in consternation, he

might that very night, and perhaps beA»« sunset,

make lumself master of the city of Edinbuigh, and

of the town of Leith, with their whole cannon and

ammunition, betides their naval stores and ma*

gaaines, and no small qusrntity of provisions j and

that a small part of the army, not above a tiiird,

would be fidly sufficient for accomplishing this

important «iteiprise.

And, indeed, nobody doubted, that, had he
eomptied with this advice, Scothmd might have
been totally recovered, and reduced to the kmg*s
obedienee. But in place of that, he rinsed to
fight ; and immediately ordered his troops, who
had been hitharto victorious, to be called back,
and, leaving the highway which leads to Edin*
Imi^h, marched off to the left. Both officerB and
soldiers, surprised at this unexpected course, b^n
iSrrt to murmur, and soon after to exclaim aloud
against him for loshig this opportunity, which, had

918 acsaroiBs of th£

it been eaibraced« might wry soon fame put tf
period to the war in Seotland ; whemas^ tfcis im-
eeasonable deUy would be of the greatest 4etri<^
ment to them, and of the highest adtantage to
the enemy» as it gave them not only time to
breathe, but afforded dmn an ofi|mtunity of get-
ting reeraits and assistance» both from their frienda
in the country and in Engiand» ptftieuiarly ftom
Cromwdl, for whose behoof they were prindpatty
eng^ed. And by this imaeconntabie condnct^
Edinbuiyh, the oapital city of Seotlandi and prin^
cipal phu^e of meeting of the estates, wn left in
their power, and all the arms, magannes, and
other stores, given up without the stroke of a
sword ; and all this, besides the loss they woqM
iiadoubtedly.sustain in their charsoter and reputa^
tion as «ddiers, a thing of no small importance
daring the dependence of a war, which woidd fall
naturally to be transferred to thehr eoemieB^ who
did not even deserve the name.

The diere sagpwious sort b^gpsn now first to
fuqpect the tendency of this eondnct, for nobody
could imagine, that the Earl of I^nark^ who was a
mm of very great praetration and prudenee,- could
act so foolishly, or rsiher Uke a madman, uideaB
he had views very different from what he pretend-
ed. Biat he had loi^ before this time determined
to accommodate matters with Argyle a«dhis foethm
at any rate, and had taken the field rather ta sk^w
\^B power, and thereby the mere eActimUy to

MARCUJIS OP MOBrmosE. 319

CQQcUiate their iarour, than out of any deaigD to
act offensively against them; for it u now no-
tpriously well known, that he had sometime ago
sent messengers privately to Aigyle to treat con-
cemiqg vi accommodation, without showing any
concern for his soldiers, and those whoni he bad
engaged to take np arms»

When the enemy saw with joy that the Earl of
I^nark had turned off his army from the road to
Edinburgh, and was marching away by die Fent^
land Hills, they immediately drew together their
contemptible forces, that had nothing but the name
and figure of soldiers ; not that they had any eon*
fidence in them, but that, by the iqppearance of ai^
army, they might preserve their authority and ere*
dit with the people, and make a jest of their brave
adversaries, who were restrained from action by the
knavery of their commanders. The old officers
and veteran soldiers, agitated betwixt shame and
ragei could hardly digest the affront» and wer^
with great difficulty stopt by the general from mshF
ing precipitately upon their de^icable foe } yet so
great was his authority in the army, that he obligjed
them» much contrary to their inclination» to maivh
towards Stirling.

The van» which consisted of a few veteran txoopi»
was commanded by Monro, who had long been
^heir officer ; he was a man of real integrityi and
eager for pushing on the war vigorously and in
|;ood earnest for the king's interest, which he conr

320 . MEMOiaS OF THE

sidered as the principal motive for engaging in it ;
but he had now begnn to smell out Lanark's in-
tiiguesy however secretly they were conducted ;
and finding he could not altogether disappoint them,
he resolved upon the following stratagem to thwart
them, in some measure, and expose them to pub*
lie view. When he reached Wallace's tower, the
general, who was bringing up the rear very slowly,
was left lit a considerable distance behind him ; he
was there informed, that Argyle had that morning
taken possession of Stirling with seven hundred
Highlanders ; and therefore advanced directly with
aH the haste he could to the town, with his own
command, in order, if possible, to surprise him ;
the gates he found shut, and strictly guarded, but
getting admittance through the park, which the
Scottish kings had formerly kept for deer, he there
found a little gate, but so low and narrow that a
man on horseback could not pass through it ; and
therefore alighting from his horse, this resolute
and indefatigable general immediately broke down
the gate, and entered the town ; his men followed
him very slowly, and only one by one, being retard-
ed by the straitness of the passage ; and when he
first encountered the enemy, he had scarcely six
to support him. Argyle's people being quite con-
founded with this unexpected attack, and at a loss
what to do, nobody appearing to command them,
were scattered abroad through the streets and lanes
\a the utmost disorder imd confuision. Argyle

MARQUIS Of MONTIIOSE. $^1

hiins^i their general, upon the first notice of the
enemy having entered the town, secured his own
safety, in his usual manner, by flight ; and mount*
ing a very swift horse, which he wmally kept, rode
directly towards the gate opposite to that by which
the assailants had entered: Monro pursued him
close ; but by the fleetness of hi» horse, he escaped
him like a deer before the hunters, and gained the
bridge. However, the flight of his men was pre-
vented ; and of them near two hundred were kill'»
ed, and the rest taken prisoners.

At length Lanark coming up, together with the
Earls of Lindsay and Glencaim, who were the on-
ly persons admitted to the knowledge of his secret
designs, they expressed a very great dislike at this
gallant action of Monro ; and Lindsay could not
even prevent his sorrow from breaking out into
this exclamation : '* Woes me ! that I should ever
have seen this unlucky and mischievous day !" For
they were much afraid that the two parties might;
by this enterprise, be so far exasperated against
each other, as to cut off all hope or inclination for
the peace which they had projected*

The Earl of Lanark, notwithstanding, still prac-*
tised the deepest dissimulation, both to his army*
and to the nobility and gentry who had not yet
joined him, but whom he teased continually withe
letters for that purpose. Monro, however, and se-
verd others, also penetrated into his dark designs^
particularly the men of Athole, who, though they

aSt MBICOII» 0? THE

were Hig^pden» apd not perlvyis ao vmth fvM^
fd 4S the inhabitants of the low w^utrj^ yet were
not wHhqut a gpod sbure of natural spg^city. They
had bem fiome time iu arpoa, and hud came down
98 far as iJtrathern» and frppi thepe? they seat a
petition, 4irec$«d to the general and si^h of the
9M)bi}ity a^ were along with him, prayieg, that, if
they were re^iy apd in gw>d e«nie«t resolved to
act for the interest of the king nnd country, they
would, in virtue of the anlherity devolved upon
them by the king and the last pprliapfient, declare
all those who oppoaed them» and paitionlarly those
fprpes which were convened At £ldinhiirgh« guilty
of rebellion and high treason. Thw they suj^sl^
ed as the niost e^tual expedient to settle the
doubtful and fluctuating minds of the people i for,
though, they said, they could make no question of
the firm loyalty and courage of the generalt and
the other noblemen who adhered to bimt yet theie
were not a few, whose asaistaiiee in the present esu«
gency might be of no small moment» who were do*
terred from joining them, merely through the lear
that a peace would speedily be clapped up with
their enemies, which, besides being highly disho-
nourable to themselves, would uodoubtedly prove
ruinous and destructiye to all that had joined theuu
and who would thereby be left in the lurch ; for,
should such a peace be concluded, which they
could not think of without horror, what could they
expect but curses and excommunicajkions denoun*

MAtQXTIS OF KomnosE. $91$

eed «gainrt tliev by the kirk, and impriaoiiinent»
banisbmenti coafiscatioas, and even death itself,
from their cruel and implacable enemiei. Many
addresses and petitions of the aame stamp were
frequently presented to them» but to no effect i
they at first declined giring any return to these
just and reasonable requests } but t^y soou ha4
the impudence to return nothing but evasiye and
deceitful answers. At length the Earl of Glen^
eaim, cousin-german to the HamiltoQs by the mo«
ther» and the Earl of Lindsay, their lurotheriik
law, both of them strictly attached to that ftmilyt
had the assurance to talk opaily of concluding a
peace with the enemy, of which they had hither|xi
treated only in a private end clandestine man^er|
without the participation of the rest of their party ^
and that not upon just and equitable terms, but
upon whatever conditions they conld obtain it. The
army thereupon began to murmur, and even threatr
ened to lM*eak out into an open mutiny ; but the
general endeavoured all he could to appease them,
and, in a very artful insinuatiofg way» began by
incomoiending their resolution and bravery, but|
at the same time, approved of lindsay and Glen-
eairn's disposition and endeavours for peace, there^
by discovering, niatwithstanding bia public profesi*
«ions for continuing the war, that he was really io
his own mind of their opinion, and privy to their
intrigues^ He complained, and accused them in «
perplexed and confused mftnaer, that the^ had b^*

924 MESfOIRS OF THE

gun to treat with the enemy, without the ktioW-
led^^^e, and even against the inclination of their ge-
neral, and seemed willing to accept of a peace up-
on most uncertain, hard, and even intolerable con-
ditions. At the same time, he glanced obliquely
at those who expressed their dislike at any accom-
modation, and seemed to rejoice in the confusion,
and disorder of a civil war, and blamed their savage
dispositions ; and though he declared, that he him-
self would never accede to the hard conditions
which the enemy were endeavouring to obtrude
upon them, yet he obtested the army, by the love and
regard they had to their families, friends, and rela-
tions, and the dangers to which they would be exposed,
to acquiesce in them, however disagreeable. But few
were so stupid as to believe, that these two peace-
makers, who were entirely at his devotion, and did
nothing without his order, would have ventured,
without his privity, to treat with the enemy, or
even to project any thing which in the smallest
degree tended to an accommodation.

However, by these artifices it was brought about
that Lindsay and Glencaim'is advice was followed,
and the peaee at length concluded : though it had
been strenuously opposed by a great part of the
army, both soldiers and ofiicers, and likewise by
all the loyal part of the nobility and gentry of the
kingdom : and those troops, which had been raised
by the authority of the king and parliament, and
Were daily increasing by great numbers joining

MARQUIS or M<INTRaSE. 9t6

them from all eomers of the kingdom ; without
having undergone the least fatigue, or having re-
ceived the least blow from the enemy, without
being infected by any distemper, or suffering the
smallest want of any kind, while they were all
sound and in good health, wdl armed and well
provided in every thing, were obliged to submit
to the hardest and most dishonourable terms, pre*
scribed by a parcel of cowardly rebels; fewer in
number and inferior in strength, and hardly de-
serving the name of an army ; levied and main-
tained not only without the sanction of the king
and parliament, but in direct opposition to the
laws of the land.

By the fii*st articles of this ignominious peace it
was expressly provided, that all those, both officers
and soldiers, who had served under either of the
Hamiltons, should immediately lay down their
arms ; such of them as were at Stirling, or in the
x^i^bourhood, within two days ; and such as
were yet in the more distant parts of the kingdom,
within fourteen days; and those who refused, to
He adjudged guilty of high treason. All the no-
bility who were engaged in this last, expedition
with the Earl of Lanark, or had abetted or assist-
eil those concerned in it any manner of way, were
thereby ordained to sist themselves as criminals
before the next meeting of the estates, in order to
have their conduct examined and censured by them ;
but to have no voice there themselves. The co^

S96 MXM OIBS OF THB

loiitfb» captabs» and other offieers, were all to be
inmediafeely cashiered, and dedared iiioapaUeof
holditig any public office till they had openly tes-
tified tlieir repentance» and satisfied the kirk ; and
llus vvas extended also to the oommon acridiers.
AU the Irish were preaetttly to depart iScothmd
betwixt and a certain^ day» under pam of death, if
any of them should afterwards he found within
the kti^oni. And kstly, it was appointed, that
dl persons without distmction should compear be*
fore the presbyteries, and quietly sub^t theni'-
selves to such censures and penalties as they dkould
fdease to iufliot, undw pain of excoBBmunication.

Luckily that day on which the artkles of paei-
ficaticm were proclaimed to the army, the soldiers
were all dispersed through the country, and the
Tillages round the town ; otherwise a mutiny had
certainly ensued. The few who wete present tea*
tided their highest di^leasure with them, and were
hardly restrained from falling upon these wortlqf
peace-makers, and hewing them to pieces; and
though the Earl of Lanark endearoured dll he
could to purge himself from having had any hand
in bringing about the peace, yet the furious multi*
tude, mad with rage, exclaimed in the midst of
their grief, to his great disparagement and shame»
*^ Ok Montrose ! Montrose ! now we feel what
it is to want you ! how unseasonably, and by what
cruel misfortune are you banished from your nx»
tive country at this juactaiu ? Who shidl restore

MAEacriS 0F KmrTAOSE. afl7

yoii to iii agftift ? Undw thy ciHiflhiet and cdn-
mud, fpe, vtrko ave this day earfiicred and txtoted
as worthless cowards and faitliless nUaim^ woaM
havt easiiy defeated and subdued all ibe king^s re-
faeUiona enemies» reatcred hitn to hk throne, and
settled his ktn^oms in peace and tianqniRity !"
In short, the whole town rm^ wi(ih the comftainlSs
aocid lamastations of the soldiery and curses and
execrations a^nst those who had, at one Stroke,
betrliyed and rained their kii^ and countlrjr, aban-
doned a numbed of brwe said ussoiute men to the
mercy of their enetnieS) and left all good and loyifl
sufagects to the absoldte will and disenetion of t&e
very worst class of mankind : and so, taking thdr
hM fiirewell of one another, they separttedy aai
dispersed themselves diflbrent ways, sis chanee ol*
providence directed them. They were all in a
^ary d^>lorable and miserable dondiiioii, but nmit
wor^so thwl the Irish; who, without money oi:
proVMidni ather to defiuy their chtoges on tin
Mod, or io piy for transpbrting tbem to theif own
oouttry, wers laid under the Imrd necessity of d$-
rpaiting dirdbtly, nndsr the pain of immediate
death, should tbey make the smaliedt delay; aad
while they i^ere on the road, or preparing for ihm
di^artnre, seme of them were siripttf their clotbeli,
others were wounded, sererato weri^ killed, and, iti
graeral, all of thein i^re extremely ill treated by
the country people, at the instigiition of the wett
country ministers, upon the most ihhumanonduii*

928 MMOnS OFTBB

christian pretence of avengpng the crudty of the
Irish massacre on these poor men, who were oi-
tirely innocent of it.

Argyle and his faction having thus, without the

stroke of a sword, obtained a complete victory, and

thereby became absolute masters of every thing in

iSeodand, as the Independents were already in

England, managed their affiiirs with the greatest

industry and circumspection. The first thing

they did, even while they were treating about the

peace, was to invite Cromwell into Scotland. At

his arrival in Edinburgh, Argyle received him with

the highest tokens of friendship and respect ; and,

after complimenting him publicly, as one that

had deserved highly of Scotland for defeating the

Duke of Hamilton's arniy, he gave him a very

grand and elegant entertainment ; and afterwards

condufited him to the castle, where he was received

like a conqueror, under several discharges of the

cannon. Before he departed, he entered into a

private confederacy with Argyle and hb party,

not only for cutting off the king, whom he then

held prisoner, and all his fimiily, but for the utter

extirpation of monarchy in Britain; for which

purposes they engaged to contribute their mutual

fud and assistance in support of one another. At»

ter Cromwell returned to En^^and, he spoke <^

this among his friends as a most consummate piece

of policy, and of greater moment than the victory

he had obtained at FtestMi.

MASQVIS OF MONTROSE. ' 3^

CHAP. IV.

Montrose leaves the queen's court, — Countenanced 4y the em-
per or at Prague. — Receives the news of the kings murder. ^^
Attends King Charles IL at the Hague — His advice op-
posed hy Lanark and Lauderdale. — The Duke of Hamilton
beheaded.

Wz have deduced the affairs of Scotland perh^
rather at greater length than is consistent with
our designed brevity» principally for the informa*
tion of foreigners, that they may see by what
strange artifices» not Montrose alone, but even the
king himself, were opposed in their measures by
these pretended saints» who thereby brought sl^
very and ruin both on themselves and their na-
tive country.

This was the state of Scotland about the end of
the year 1648. In the beginning of the year
l64>9f they received a yet more deplorable ca*
tastrophe i on the SOth of January, that black and
dismal day, scarce ever to be expiated by these
nations, the Independents^ elated with their suCf
cess hitherto, and actuated with fanatical rage and
fury, or blinded with avarice and ambition, con-
trary to all laws, human and divine, dared to im*

S30 MEHOIftS OF THE

brue their hands in the blood of their just and
lawfiil sovereign, and inhumanly butchered the
most religious, the most chaste, and the most mer-
ciful king, after having tried and condemned him,
who was accountable to none but God alone. At
this time, some persons sefit by Argyle's party re-
sided at London, as commissioners from the estates
of Scotland to the English parliament, among
whom the Earl of Lothian was the chief, an in-
veterate and implacable enemy to the king, not-
withstanding that both he and his father had tasted
very bountifully of his majesty's favour. These
commissionets did not show the least displeasure
or disapprobation of the barbarous and ill^al sen-
tence past against the king ; for it seems it was
one of their instructions, not to contradict or op-
pose the English in maintaining the right of the
people to dethrone, or even to punish their king
with death, if they saw cause. However, that
they might be able to impose upon the unthinking
multitude when they returned home, as if this hor-
rid wickedness had been perpetrated without their
consent, and against their will, they resolved not
to be present at the execution ; and, therefore, left
the city on the day appointed for that horrid tra-
gedy ; wisely judging, that, though they thirsted
earnestly after the blood of their sovereign, it was
highly improper for them to glut their eyes with
a spectacle which they knew would be detestt^ by
{he whole Christian world beside. It was certain-

MAftQUIS OP XOHTROSE. 931

ly none of the least of this good king's misfortunes
that most of those persons whom he himself» and
his father. King James» had dignified with titles,
and advanced to places of honour and profit, or
otherwise enriched by their royal bounty, ^proved
always the most ungrateful to him, and were ever
found the first engaged, or the most forward in
promoting the rebellion against him } while, on
the contrary, those whom he experienced to be hia
most trusty, faidiful, and obedient servants» were
such as had never been regarded at court, and had
never enjoyed any offices, or tasted of his libera^
lity.

Montrose, who thoroughly knew the temper and
duposition of the eovenairters, had foreseen and
publicly foretold sil these calamities, and had todea-
voured what lay in his power to prevent them,
though to no purpose; for the king and queen
being prepossessed with the specious pretences and
promises of the Presbyterians, and blinded with
the deceitful flattery of the Hamiltons and their
party, lent no ear to his more wholesome counsel ;
which, when he perceived, with a sad and sorrow^
ful heait, he left France, where he found he could
be of no manner of service either to the king or
himself; this he did without the queen's know»
ledge; but he left in writing the reasons and
necessity of his departure, for which he humbly
begged her pardon, and desired she would put

33^ MRUOXBB OF THE

a favourable construction on the atep he had
taken.

He arrived at Geneva in the beginning of April,
accompanied only withtwogentlemen, bothknights:
and passing directly by Switsserland, he travelled
through Tyrol» Bavaria, and Austria. The em*
peror, to whom he was bound» on purpose to soli-
cit him both concerning the king's affidrs and his
own, happened then not to be at Vienna ; however,
he overtook him at Prague, where he was very
kindly and graciously received, both on account of
his brave achievements, and the eminent loyalty
he had displayed towards his sovereign, the fame
of which had already reached the most distant parts
of Christendom. His imperial majesty removing
from Prague a few days after, took Montrose along
with him, and upon all occasions honoured him
with signal marks of his esteem and regard ; he
made him one of his generals, and dignified him
with the title of Marshal in the imperia) army,
for which he gave him a patent ; and also a com-
mission to raise some independent regiments, which
he was to command apart, immediately under the
emperor himselfi He allowed him for that end
to enlist, and even to impress, men in any part of
the Roman empire, and to have the colonels, cap*
tains, and other officers, all of his own naming.
These parts of Germany bordering upon Flanders
were reckoned the most proper for hastening and
facilitating his levies ; and, therefore, after obtain*

MARQUIS OT MONTROSE. SSS

ing the CQBseiit of the Spanish ambaisador, he re*
commended him by letters in a particular manner
to hia brother Leopold» Archduke of Austria, at
that time governor of the Spanish Netherlands ;
and desired that he would use bis interest and au-
thority to support and assist Montrose in his levies.
His negociations thua succeeded entirely to his wish ;
for» being solely intent on retrieving the king's af-
fairs, he desired to be near at hand, in case any
occasion ofifered of aerving him -, and he was strong-
ly prepossessed with the notion that the Presby-
terians, to whom he had entrusted himself and his
affiiirs, would at last betray him, and in the end
cut him off.

Being honourably dismissed by the emperor, as.
the shorter road through Germany wa3 occupied
by hostile armies, he was obliged to take this route
from Vienna by the way of Presburg in Hungary ;
from thence to Poland, and viewing Crackow,
he went through Prussia, and came to Dantzic,
the moat eminent Hanse-town on the Baltic ; and
taking ship there, landed in Denmark, where he
was very graciously received by his Danish majes-
ty. Here he rested some days after the fatigue of
this long and troublesome journey; and from
thence passed into Jutland* and went aboard a ship
bound for. Groningen in Friesland» where he was
no sooner arrived than he immediately set out for
Brussels. The archduke had retired to Toumay,

3Si MBMotBa w T«r

after his late defeat at Lena :* McntmennKle aH
haste thither ; and having delivered hit brother the
emperor's letters, and compliBiented him in his
name, he solicited his advice and assistance in what
concerned the afiairs o( his imperial majesty : but
after the loss of that gallant army, whieh he had
lately sustained, such jealousies^ tumults, and con*
fusion prevailed through all Flanders, that he
could do nothing at that time ; and, therefete» de-
layed the matter till he should return to Brussels ;
and how soon he lurrived there, he laid the a&ir
before the senate, that they might detibente on the
most proper methods of assisting the emperor, and
i^sue the necessary orders for putting them into
execution.

While these things were under consideration at
Brussels, Montrose received letters from his
Royal Highness Charles Prince of Scotland and
Wales, who was then residing at the Hague, lull
of expressions of the highest esteem and eonfi*
dence ; and at the same time desiring him to come
thither : for those who were about the prince, and
were zealous in his service, especially Prince Ru*
pert, who had always agreed with Montrose in his
sentiments of the Presbyterians, had prevailed
with him, of himself extremely desirous to have
Montrose about him, to send for him at this time :

• He was dcfeateri by the Prince of Conde, August 20,
l648, and lost seven thousand men, thirty-two cannon, sni
an hundred standards.

MARfttW iff MWTBOSE. 335

tiff the Duke of Hamiltou having kst a brave ar«
my in England» and his brother the Karl of La^
nark having shamefully abandoned and dispersed a
Pdueh 6ner «ne in Scotland ; and the Presbytmi-
aas and loyalists being now reduced to a very low
ebb in both kingdoms, Montrose was the only per«
9QI1 left who had all the good will and resolution
necessary for attempting any thing in Scotland in
the present juncture. He had indeed been hither*
to but ill used) and his advice never followed, nor
bia service ever accepted of but in the execution of
the most desperate undertakings ; however, they
knew htm to be a person of that unshaken loyalty
and magnanimity, that, notwithstanding all this,
he would readily expose himself to any danger, or
run any risk, for promoting the service of his dear*
6^ lord and master.

Montrose being certainly informed of the
prince's sentiments, and of his confidence in him,
after taking his leave of the archduke, was pre**
paring to set out for the Hague, when he re»
ceived the doleful news of the king's being mur*
dered by the English Independents. Good God !
what horror seized him at the first, and as yet
uncertain reports of the death of this excellent
king, for whom he had always the most sincere
r^ard ! But when the accounts of this barbarous
parricide were confirmed, and there remained no
more f oom to dcMibt the truth of it, his indigna*
tion waa then heightened into fiu^, and hia grief

886 MEMons OF the

quite overwhelmed him, ao that he ^nted, and
fell down in the midst of his attendants» all the
members of his body becoming stiff, as if he had
been quite dead. At length, when he recovered,
after many deep sighs and groans, he broke out into
these words, '* We ought not any longer to live
we ought to die with our excellent sovereign !
God, who has the power of life and death, is my
witness, that henceforth this life will be a grievous
and uneasy burden, in which I can enjoy no
pleasure." I, who write this history, happened
to be one of those present ; and though I was in-
expressibly afflicted, and hardly able to support my
own grief, yet I endeavoured to comfort and en-
courage him, and thus addressed him : ** Die, my
lord ? No ! It is now your business, who are so
justly famed for your bravery ; it is now the busi*
ness of all resolute good men to be rather more
desirous of life, and to summon up all their cou«
rage, that, by engaging in a just war, they may
avenge the. death of their royal master upon these
base and inhuman parricides, and endeavour to
settle the prince, his son and lawful successor, up-
on the throne of his ancestors. These are the
funeral obsequies which are due to our deceased
sovereign ; this conduct will be more answerable
to your distinguished loyalty, constancy, and reso-
lution, than weakly to despond and sink, even un-
der the greatest misfortunes, such as our present
distress must be acknowledged; which would

MABOIUS OF MDKTOOSE. ^897

highly gfoitafy mar wiAei oneoisM, hf gibring 4kBim
a complete victory, and «flbrdiiig tite» matter
of the greatest triusqoh." fie heard me {MitieDth
ly ia hie usual complace&t manner j Jbut at ibt
mention of avenging the king's wurder» the very
thoughts ^ wUeh gave him aiev life, he tiei^ived
from his fontter disorder» and being somavfast
nose taomposad, he leplied» ^ Well idien» in idiat
vkw alone, 1 4hall be satified to Jive ; hut I surear
'hefiure God, aagels, and onen, that I will dodicabe
the remainder of my life to the avenging the
death of the myal martyr, and xe^establishing his
eon upon his father's thcone.'^ Having qpeke
these wordi^ he withdrew to the most reticed
iqp«rtment of the house, where he indulged his
grief £>r 'two days, without aUewing any mortal
to ^eak to him, or even to see him« At length,
upon the third day, I was indulged with admit»
taooe to his bedchamber, and 'there found that
dwrt;, hut ,elegant «poem» which he had composed
in ftbe mtenral, 'to the memory of the king ; it is
wwte by way of vow, and fully expresses the fixed
mi .unallembleceaolutions of his mind, for he was
armAn of an exoeUsnt genius, and when heh&id
Wf «pftroitime from .puUic business, used ito divert
himielf with tpeetieal compositions, in which he
succeeded veigr heppUy- I have tuEoed this ;poem
into Latin, as I could ; * I do not pret»d to have

* Dr Wishart^s Latin traoslattoo, togeUier with the original

T

838 MEMOIRS OF THB

come up to the fire and spirit of the original ; but
if I have retained the sense and meaning of the
noble author, it may perhaps be no unacceptable
present to such as are unacquainted with the
EngUsh language»

Charles, the second of that name, succeeding to
his father, as rightful and lawful King of Great Bri-
tain, by hereditary right, sent for Montrose as
soon as grief for his father's death and decency
would permit ; and gave him many signal tokens of
his kindness and esteem. He first geve him a com-
mission to be lieutenant-governor of Scotland, and
commander-in-chief of all his forces there, both by
sea and land, with the same powers, and conceived
almost in the same terms, with the commission for-
merly granted him for these offices, by his royal
father. He likewise appointed him his ambassador
to the Emperor, the King of Denmark, the Princes
of Germany, and others his confederates and allies,
to solicit their assistance in men, money, arms, and
ammunition, for renewing the war; with ample
power and authority to enter into such treaties and
alliances, and upon such conditions, in the name
of his royal master, as he ^ould see convenient t
and, still more to evidence his regard for him, his
credentials recommended him to the different courts
where he was to negociate, in the most pressing
terms, and full of the greatest respect.

itself, and other specimens uf the marquis'^ . poetical genius,
will be found in the Appendix,

M A1IQUI8 09 MONTROSE. 839

The king's affiiirs seemed now beginning to take
a happy turn, uid people were sanguine in their
hopes, that they would soon see them brought to
a desirable issue ; when the Earl of Lanark came^
as usual, to blast these promising Appearances^ He
and his dependant, the Eari of Lauderdale, had
coni6 in great haste to Holland, pretending they
bad been obliged to fly from Scotland ; but the
real purpose of their coming was to oppose Mon*
trose's wholesome councils, and to frustrate his loy-
ai designs } in which he and his brother the duke
had often been too busy and too successful, with
the late king. Montrose's advice was, that the
king should go himself in person to Scotland as
soon as possible, that by his presence and example
he might animate his faithful subjects, who were
far more numerous than the rebels, to rise in arms.
He assured his majesty, that the people, now suffi-
ciently instructed by the dear-bought experience of
foraier times» were fully aware of the tricks and ar^
tifiees of the rebels, both Presbyterians and Inde«
pendents ; and heartily abhorred the invectives and
calumnies against the king, with which their fana-
tical preachers used to stuff their sermons, of design
to alienate the affections of the vulgar from that
allegiance due to their sovereign. The minds of
most people were shocked and inflamed to the
highest degree, at the barbarity of the king's
recent murder, and were prone to revenge it ^
therefore it would be highly improper, and ex*

A40 HEMiiu w vam

trembly dai^eioiis» to wake jiiif ddby ; « tthemby
U^ minds of the people would <get time to eool,
fWd 4hpir ir^ge to «ibiide ; and tbe enemy woiHd
likewise b^Fe m opportmity of augmentiiig dieir
ita^eng^, botb by fonoe wd fsaud, m tbiDg -by eil
foeims tS9 be {^evented : besides» many of those
ij^bo bad been SormeAj bitter OMmies te the king
were now MMble of their error, and veady to be-
^o^ good nad obedient sid>jeets / and IJh» pi«-
«wce fff til^e luifg weiiU of itself be etpd to sewral
t}wi|saod mm } so ilb^t itiiene was no season |»lear
^ wfi^jt ^ m anpy^ Ajl dispatch hnaginable
^}^H t^bei^fiH^e to he used for bis voyage, and
9Qt a d^y nor w h^^r ou^ to 1^ lost; for in
sucb a jnqoture every minute was {moious* The
^is of S^a^nh wd Kinnoul, the Loid St Clair,
apd Qtberp (of tbe nobiiity, eoneumed with Mon-
t;:ope in |;be same opinion* and had eome to Hol-
l^d mei«ly to give the king that adsiee. Bnt
tbe ^l of Lffwrfc was of a diflfeient asind : he
sai4i t^t nothjilig PU^ to he d(me rashly : a new
Idxig ought to mqpect erery hody, and «very ad*
vjpe ; a^d IH0 alfeotions of tlie people ought first
tpb^fp^redj b^ore he tmated his person among
tbeqq w mob e danf^roua entarprise» He repte-
sf ^ted (bs OKtnordtnary influenoe whidi the der-
gjf wbe b«l ilways been invetersto enniee to the
king, rtiU «etidned among the papijaee ; and «ihat
the pow^r ef Aiigyle's faelien wna now teiy gieat,
m^ qippo^;to4 hf tke ««ine and aothosity of «te

estekesi whe were all of their side*: ao- that tlld
kiiB^V aflbirs had in general a yery bad as^if.
H^ thMefiwe advised to tteiAt whk the estetea in
a^fijandly, but cincuuepect matfifter, and to attempt
Bothiog: widiaut theb eotiseat. He inveighed in
9 very teagicaL stnun' agninst the cnielty, peffitiy»
and sediticNis tempers of that party, wtto, he said»
were incensed against himatlf, mer^yfer hisut-
tachment to tUe royal family ; yet notwithstandmg;
heendemoafedtofnessuadethekii^to trust himself
entiidy; te thea,.andexpeet to^ be restored hf tHbse
who had brou|^ his father's head to the' block.
The king himself waa most inclined to^ Montrose's
opinion *r whiohv when Lanaifa pereeived> he strove;
by the aaaistance of the ceurtiersi to make some ilF
im^ssions onihieyoH^g: and easy temper, by re--
pnaenting. Montrose aaa^rash, forvmrd, fmd-am-
Utioua man ; one who^ took U» nmch pleasmrein
shedding} the Uood of hie oounti^riAett^ and' wiui'
ready to promise much more than he was able to
perfiurm. These insinnations had no eflf^ on^
the. mind. of the king; but they so far answered-
Lanack's intention, that mudi ttBae-was^ thereby'
spcBit in deliberating- what shoiM be d^ne ; asid'
Msntsesef met widv* many new .andi needless^^rubs '
aididebysi

The. king lered- Montrose' and^ fearod Lanark^
Hisi wished ta;havetbem^ both particubriy attaehed^
toiihia .sendee ; but'smee he fotmd >it> would- be im-
pesniHnnte areooBiile 4hMitin:iopipioxv he laboured '

34S MEMOIRS OF TH£

all be could to reconcile their private affections,
which seemed to be much inflamed against one
another. Montrose, with the strongest assevera-
tions, declared, that he never bore any private
grudge against the family of Hamilton ; that the
first rise of the difference betwixt them, which had
continued till that time, was, that he thought they
never dealt sincerely in what related to the king's
affairs ; and that, notwithstanding their protesta-
tions of duty and loyalty, they had been the cause
of more mischief to the king, than all the attempts
of his open and declared enemies : for that, by
their treacherous and pernicious counsels, they had
weakened the strength, and frustrated the endea-
vours of his miyesty's friends ; and, at the same
time, gave new life and vigour to the rebels, with
whom they preserved a close and constant corre-
spondence. He complained, that no arguments
cpuld hitherto, nor even then, prevail upon them
vigorously to support the royal cause, and thorough-
ly and openly to desert the party of the covenant-
ed rebels ijfx Scotland, who were undoubtedly the
implacable enemies of the king and royal family,
whatever denopaination they assumed, either of the
estates of the kingdom, or commissioners of the
kirk ; but that all the expressions of their loyalty
had been doubtful and ambiguous, and idl their at-
tempts for the king faint and inconsistent. But
if the £)arl of Lanark and his party would at
lepgth seriously repent of what they bad done^ re^

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. SifS

turn heartily to their allegiance» and promise to
have no farther intercourse with the rebels in time
coming, he professed himself ready to forget all
that was past, and to engage with them in the
strictest ties of friendship, upon this condition, that
they should emit a public declaration, testifying
their hatred and abhorrence of the rebellious con-
federacy entered into amongst the Scots them*
selves, and afterwards betwixt them and the £ng'
lish } and, in general, of all leagues and associa*-
tioQs among the subjects, made without the know-
ledge and consent of the king ; particularly that
called the Solemn League and Covenant; that they
esteemed the rising in arms against the king, both
in Scotland and £ngland, to be no other than a
wicked and actual rebellion ; and that the authors
and abettors of it were guilty of high treason ; that
Charles the Second, now by the grace of God right-
ful and lawful sovereign of Great Britain, ought
and might justly avenge the murder of his royal
father, and endeavour to recover his paternal
throne by force of arms: and, lastly, that they
should solemnly promise to give their utmost asr
sistance to the king, and those commissioned by
him, for obtaining these just ends, and venture
both life and fortune in the quarrel.

Lanark and LAuderdale, who, in the private audi*
ences they had of the kipgi never failed to accuse
the estates of the kingdom, as they were then con*
rtituted, of treachery, cruelty, rebellion, and othera

S44 MSMOIBS OF THE

tile tvoiM of crime!» ; yet took speciiil esre not to
offisnd them, by speddng or writmg publicly
ii^iiifit them; and therefore they returned an
answer in very perplexed and ambiguous terms :
neither did they suflteiently explain themseltes
concerning the kite's title and prerogative, which
MttietimeSy indeed, they used to extol by the
bye, but ^raftfly declined to talk of it in public.
Ott the contrary, they highly magnified the autho-
rity, poftar, and strength of!;the estates of Scodand,
ttnd maintained, that it would be much more for his
highness'^ interest to wait their opmion, and to be
tetded upon his father^s throne with their consent,
and by their atithority, than to attain to his just
tights at the expence of the blood of his subjects,and
by laying #aste and destroying his mrtive country ;
the last method they could never approve of, nor
eottld they enter into auy friendship with those
iifkb advised the king to plunge the nation into a
icitr3 war, however just and reasonable it might be ;
particularly with Montrose, who had been banish-
ed, forfeited, and intercommuned, for what he had
done in ihat Way, when he acted under the late
Mng s commission.

In the mean time, the Duke of Hamilton, who
had been detained prisoner in England ever since
the defeiit at Preston, was beheaded at London by
the Independents ; and thus, by the just judgment
bf God, he sutceeded his murdered sovereign, and
fell by the nnjust and cruel sentence of the same

MAR^UIB OP MOV^fOaSE. Slfi

inhuman parricides. It is said, that, having eon*
suited a wizard many years before, he received this
response, '^ The king shall die a violent death,
and the fates have ordained you to be his succes»
wr/' So, perhaps, $owe. eidl. spirit deluded this
ambitious man, who became indeed successor to
his sovereign, not in the throne, as he vainly ex-
pected, but in the scaffold. *

* Sir James Turner, in his MS. Memoirs, thus chaC9C«
terizes the Duke of Hamilton &— *^ They beheailed hini at
Earle of Cambridge^ and so an peere of England, without
hat eing any regard at all to the articles he had for life. BqI
m IliiSy I suf>po9e Croawtll dM nothing wkhom advice from
Sco^lMd. Ihim 1 ounnft b«t bewaita the ilMa of thai »•
fttftuoate lord^ wh» was a person ef eimVi9Qft <|iuKtM% af
^re%t understanding, and good ««pr^onsft curtiepm, a&Ufl,,
humane, so mercitul, that he was hot a bad justitii^i^ whiqhi
I thought was a blemish on him ; one of the b^t masters ta
iHMials and ttanaato that our kingdome aflbrded* Hfs con»
«teHatfon had isdiBed and appointed him tQ bea good stales»
Aa^ aod U^be J^tppie i» the «igoymciit. of hb prinee^a IkTaof,
the summum bonum of courtier^ bot to he vnfornwiti» jo nH
his military employments both by sea and Umd« Mostu^*"
faappie he was in his honour» which was branded most part
af Iris life wHh foul aspersions of disloyally and treacjierie,
■aiiher will «eocmooi longtM tdfer his ashei to ly quiet, hot
castdisti4fMN»lkM(vasi{bekid4ydasa{Mia. IhadoaMe
ilie hctoor to know him whet) he wns my gentr^ miA I ktm
leeve he was faitltfull to hia soveraigne aU h|9 l^e ; ho^ i^ ^
time he had the conduct of that vnfortunate army, I dare
sweare the deepest oath for his fidelitie and Inyaltia» and that
he intended nothing but the full restoratioa of the king, for
whom he dyed a marUie,''

346 MEMOIRS OP THE

CHAP. V.

The proclamation of the estates^ declaring Charles IL King
of Scotland^ brought to the Hague, — The Earl of Cassilis
and other commissioners arrive tkerc-^The Marquis of
HutUly beheaded, — The demands of the estates presented-
to the king by their commissioners,-^ The opinion qfthe
Scots peers concerning them. — The king leaves them^ and
goes to France.

At this juncture, a messenger * arrived at the
Hague, from those who assumed the name of the
estates of Scotland, who, after assuring the king of
the sincere affections of the estates, presented to
him a proclamation, wherein they had declared
him the rightful heir and successor of his father,
and lawful King of Scotland. The Presbyterians,
vxd those of the Hamilton faction, congratulated
themselves highly upon this occasion, and boasted
of it as a special and immediate blessing from
heaven to support what they had advanced ; and
openly declaimed against all those who had dis-
suaded the king from depending upon the estates,
who had so eminently displayed their affection and
loyalty to the king. And truly had they been

This person's nanie was Sir Joseph Douglas.

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 347

sincere in the matter, and done all this from a
sense of the duty they owed to their sovereign, no-
body could have denied but it was very encourag-
ing and satisfactory ; but the more discerning sort
immediately perceived the base plot they had laid
to ruin the king, and subvert the monarchy ; for,
perceiving that the people, much enraged at the
murder of the late king, were bent upon reveng-
ing it, and fully resolved to assert liis son's right
as heir to his father, and invite him home to take
the government upon him; in order to deceive
them, they issued out this proclamation, not with
an intention to restore the king, but entirely to
overturn the royal authority, and assume the
whole power into their hands. For they had
not only in many things altered the coronation
oath formerly in use, but had added a new
oath of their own contrivance to serve their pur-
pose.

The proclamation itself was very oddly conceiv-
ed : they mentioned in it the death of the king, as
violent indeed ; but they did not brand it with the
name of regicide, as it deserved, yea, not even of
murder ; nor did they bestow the smallest epithet
upon it, to testify their abhorrence and indignation
of the horrid villany and injustice of it, or that they
in the least disapproved it. There were many other
things in it which seemed extraordinary; but, above
all, it appeared intolerable and amazing to all
good men, that» when they acknowledged the

348 MSBCOUtS OF THB

Uog to be tbeijr lawftd sov^reigp, they ahtiild^. wklr

the same breath» withhold him. tmst the csarciae of

his royal power^ till he had satisfiad! tba otates»

whom they called the parUamenta^ of both king^

domi. Thia waa not to dechuie himking^ but to

aist him as iv pannel befbne tham : fi)r what waa

tUa», but to. deprive him of the frne oMreiae of hia

aiifchority,. by ofiferiog him & preearioua power ; and

to make him», who waa their ai^ramo gowroar on

earthA accoiuitable to God aloM^ their in&rioc and^

diq^deot» and subject to theia aantrol ? Nay^

what waa this», but to throw their young innocent

king into the hands», and make.hipi< become a firesh

Tictim. toi the fuxy and hatxed» nofc only* of hia mad

Scots subjects^ who had alveadfr pameverad so long

QjutheirunnatnrdreheUion» bmt alsoiof theEngliah

cebels.aid n^gioidaa» whose^ba«ds bad beeniai^

hmed», «nd were still, seakiim; widi« the: Uood. of hi»

royal father. By such just reflections as thaaei

n{wn.the pnodamationrof thu estatai^ the higkenco-

miunmtbat;ware.paa»dxup(|B their afibotionandbiu

^l^ bK the fiGasbsterian woaJdhave been, somaxa-

fueisised in. thcvcpuit», had«thiQr^ not reoei?ed aome!

fteshsupgUaao^thaiSamatkindi from, their: fiaenb

la Scqthmd.

When, the accounta of tfaa:greal« inteaeat andl ft^

xarm which. Montrose had; with, the young king*

i;eMhed Scotland» the people them were difl^iandys

ilSBscted.with.it.. The loyatiatsiwreglad oCit^and

lURwagedi that sane gofl^ vf^k^B/wmtmaitiJMaib

II

MARQUIS ^gF MOmitOSE. ^49

tibe Test were ixracli i^id, and tlie tstates in par-
ticular dreaded tbe cemequences, Tbey knew
Moiifero6e'« rnnate resolutioii and bravery, and had
often experienced the eflfects cf ihem ; and besides,
diey peiveived that great numbers» now senable of
their emor, and he«tiiy repenting of tiieir former
conduot, would be as ready as the old cavaliers to
list under Montrose when he should appear. And,
therefore, they (bought it very necessary to take
all possiUe means to prevent his return to Scot-
land, either alwie as deputy-^govemor and general,
or even as one of tlie king's retinue ; for tibey saw
that he would carry off the whde country to his
side, which wouM prove the inevitable ruin of all
who had consented to ihe king's murder. For
this purpose, the Earl of Cassiiis, one of the first
BobiUty, with others of an inferior rank, veere sent
to Holland as commissioners from the estates to the
king, all of ^en to the utmost degree bigoted to the
new fitfuitioal superstition, and inflamed with an utter
abhorvenoe of monarchical government Their com-
aaission, as they pretended and published through all
Europe, vms to invite home the king, and settle him
i^on the ancient and hereditary throne of his ances-
tors ; but their real design was to disappoint Mon-
troae'soouncils, and by flatteiing the king with the
specious hopes of peace, and of his subjects return-
ing to their allegiance, to divert him 6om any in-
tention of prosecuting the war, till that favourable
opportunity was lost.

950 MEMOIBS OF THE

In the mean time, lest these proceedings should
give umbrage to their associate r^icides in Eng-
land» they gave them a melancholy proof that they
had not altered their sentiments ; they had not in
their power another king to murder» and, there^
fore, pitched upon one of his greatest subjects, the
Marquis of Huntly, chief of the name of Grordon»
whom, afler a very long and tedious imprisonment»
they beheaded most unjustly; the Marquis, be*
sides his noble birth, in which he was inferior to no
subject, was a person of such power in the north
country, as made him dreaded by all his neigh-
bours i he had a great estate, many friends, vas*
sals, and followers,-^wa8 of a most graceful pre-
sence, and his mind endued with the greatest vir^
tues ; he had stuck firm to the royal cause from
the beginning of the troubles, and on that account,
and that only, he was become so hateful to the co«
venanters, that they resolved to make him a sacri-
fice, so that, if we do but except that unlucky dif-
ference he had with Montrose, which indeed prov-
ed hurtful to the king and country, the marquis
had few equals. That same day that the commis-
sioners were to sail from the Frith of Forth * waa
appointed for the execution of this great man }
whence the king might have easily conjectured
what was to be expected from such men, who thus

• Murch 22y l6^9*

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. ^1

daily wantoned in the blood of his best and most
faithful subjects.

When these commissioners, or deputies from the
estates, were admitted to their first audience of
the king, their solemn gait, their grave dress, and
dejected countenances, had all the appearance ima-
ginable of humility : and many who were not ac*
quainted with the temper and practices of the men,
from thence concluded that they were about to im-
plore of his m^esty a general oblivion and pardon for
what was past, and to promise a perfect obedience
and submission in time coming; and that thej
were ready to yield everything to him that was just
and reasonable, and would be sincere in all their
proposals of peace and accommodation. They acted
in a double capacity, and had instructions both
from the estates and from the commission of the
lurk ; in both of which the Earl of Cassilis was
the chief person, not only in what they were
charged with from the estates, as being a noble-
man, but also from the commission of the kirk, of
which he was a ruling elder. Their address to the
king was introduced with abundance of deep sighs
and heavy groans, as if they had been labouring, as
Virgil says of the Sybil, to shake the ponderous
load from off their breasts, after which they at last
exhibited their papers, containing the ordinances
of the estates, and acts of the commission of the
kirk, and pretended, that the terms demanded in
them were moderate^ just, and reasonable, and iib-

S9S MEKOIM « STHS

Mlutely mcessaiy for settliiig the present coofb-
flions, and restoring the king ; wiA 'Which, if he
^Mtn^ed, he mmM %e hmnedistely settleA upon
Us IflKher'^ Arone by the nniamnrdi» eoitfent df
«di'the'pec^e.

iK^lien lihefe ^pers^cmneiohe tonadered in hi»
tnajetty'B wnndl, iSiey «ppeared.ttt fint view to be
^iClvemely ^mjnM ^nd imreaBonaHe, nd contrived
iMJber tefri^ him from '9eAingihe government,
tiMin 40 invite himto«xept k; (for iAiey contained
wH)amg ^ttt %rtter accusittidns against liheir late
%hig, «nd snares hnfl ¥or betraying and enslavmg
Ibe wn. In ^Aioit, Ocey principally compn^faenfled
thvee things ; (first, Thatthelsing sfaonld sign and
vvreor, not oifly to the natiomU tx>venant, but to
file ediemn 4ef^e «id covenantof the 'three kiog«
Aoms $ Arat hcdiould «stAtHsh 'them by his antho*
tity, Himd «promote the ^ends md purposes df them
tetheottmoM of his povrertfbrough dl his domi*
ntons. Seeradly, 31iat he should ratify and con-
firm tfH the a^ tmd tirffinances of the estates of
fieefland, >vrhich had approven of the covenant and
the «solemn league, «nd^estilbKshed the Presbyterian
ehuvi^^govermnent, that ride of divine worship
which 'they cxilled ihe^irectafyf the confession qf
^th^andnheciiteehism; and ifhat he should tdso
leadlly grant his royal assent to all acts and ordi-
nances of «ny other of the estates of his majest/s
domnaions, whitih might thereafter ^estdbltsh them ;
that he should eonform himself 'to them,- especiaUy

MABQUI3 OF MONTROSE. 35S

as to divine worship, whether private or public ;
that he should renojunce the liturgy of the church
of England, and adopt this new directory, and so-
lemnly promise never to oppose or alter it in the
smallest degree. The third demand, which alone
had been sufficient, for it comprehends all the rest,
was. That he should solemnly promise and declare,
that, in matters civil, he should acquiesce in what-
ever should be enacted by the present or succeed-
ing parliaments; and, in matters ecclesiastical,
should be determined by the acts of the General
Assembly, to which all ranks, princes, nobility,
and people, were to be subject and obedient.

The king entreated them, if they had orders to
make any more demands, that they would produce
them all together, that so an answer might be re-
turned to the whole at once. He begged them
not to be so high and obstinate in their conditions,
but to mitigate them in the beginning as far as
their instructions would allow; and that they
would acquaint him more distinctly and fully what
assistance he might expect from them, for the re-
covery of England and Ireland ; and lastly, that
they would now declare and publish to the world
their thoughts of the horrid murder committed
upon the king his father, of blessed memory, and
of the barbarous authors and instruments of it, con-<
ceming which they had not made the least men-
tion. They replied. That the sum of what they
were charged with was comprehended in these

8ff4 HSMomft OP

tiiree articles, «ii4 that they had nodiing else to
represent but what related to them, unless they re-
ceived new iBsUnictions from the estates for that
purpose. They insisted, that their demands mere
BOt only just and honourable, but ^bsoLutefy neces-
sary» as beiBg founded uposi the Holy Scriptui»,
and of divine institution ; so (that it would \m no
less than impiety in them to yield in any point, or
recede from th^n in the anoattest degree. And ms
to the assistance which his majesty demanded, ibr
the reduotioa of England and Iireland, he aaight
expect that the estates would afford him such sac-
cours as they Aould judge necessary, and agree-
able to the articles «of the «olenn league and cove-
nant. IWs, in daik end aiiibignous terns, they
replied to ail the questions put to theaa, excqitiag
that concerning the murder ^of die king, as to
which they hesitatdd extremely ; they were «sham-
ed to approve or commend it in his snajestT^s |ne-
sence, neither durst they condemn it, lest die Eng-
lish, being thereby exasperated, fifaookl upbraid
them as joint partakers and assoieiates in the same
crime^ and thereby disappoint their present schemes.
And though the king pressed them continually
upon this head, and urged it more than any thing
else, he could extort no other ani»^er from them
but complaints and expostulations, as if his majesty
had entertained a su^icion of the estates of Soot-
land concerning it.

MARQUIS OF WmTBOSE. 956

A great deal of time W49 ^fff^t in iintse 4e*
bates ; * during which the ^ammi3liio^^l:8 vn§j^
busied making interest with the Priijcp of Ojcmg^
and the most eminent men in tike United I^
TiBcesy with the Daniah and other ambasaadorsy to
use their mediation, as neutral peraon?, with thjP
king, and prevail with him to aqc^ of the term^
<^iied him by the estates. And, to induce ihem
to accept of that office, thm x^natonl; topic w^
the a&^on and loyalty of the estates to the Jgboi^
whom tkey were ready to admit; iuid settle upon
his iather's throne, and to pay him ^1 ^uhmisi^iim
and aU/BgiaQce, providing he would only renounce
the episcopal got^mment of the chj^rch^ and «ip-
cept of the Presbyterian model, wjbich «thisy ioJl^gf^
was the same with the churcfa-g^vi^^mcint m llol
land, Geneva, and other refomied churches;
thou£^ in reality they are very different, w^ in
numy things very opposite ; and if he did not con-
sent to that measure^ they aflSrmed that therid w«is
no hope of hi3 ever lecovering the crown. How-

^ Oue of the pFinctpal points urged upon Uie king was
the removal from his person and court of James Graham,
*' sometime Earl of Montross, a person axcomrounicate -by
the chorcby and ibrfaulted by the parliament cxf Scotland, be-
ing a man most justly, if eTer any, cw^ put f^f fhe churc^h of
i'dd.'* See an iiceount qf ibe proqeedings of the comiQis-
Aw^rs^^priAte^ lit Edin. l<649i) where, in another place, ,^e
carl is termed ,that unhappjr apd cursed i^foif James Graham.

$56 MEMOIRS OF THE

ever, these insinuations would have but small ef-
fect with the most part of people, if Lanark, who
had now the title of Duke of Hamilton, since
his brother's death, and Lauderdale, who lay and
acted behind the curtain, had not approved and
supported all they said ; and by their means many
were induced to be of opinion that the king, con-
sidering the present state of his affairs, might and
ought to yield to their demands, however hard
and unreasonable ; for these foreigners, being un-
acquainted with the state of affairs in Britain at
that time, did not penetrate into the dark designs
of the rebels, nor perceive that they struck not
only at the king, but even at the root and founda-
tion of monarchy itself.

That all the Christian world might know the
king's love of peace, and that he was inclined to
comply with every thing, consistent with his ho-
nour and a good conscience, to satisfy his Scots
subjects, he applied to the Scots peers, of whom
there were a good many then in Holland, and
charged them, upon their duty and allegiance, to
give him their opinion separately in writing con-
cerning the propositions of the Scots commission-
ers. Hamilton and Lauderdale, and their faction,
with an obstinate and unbecoming sullenness, re-
fused to do this, though it be the duty of the no-
bility, established both by ancient custom, and by
the laws of Scotland. But Montrose, Seafordi,
Kinnouli St Clair, and others, yielded a ready

HARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 357

Obedience* They declared it as their opinion, and
proved, by many invincible arguments, *' That
these demands were against all laws, human and
divine, and particularly repugnant to the laws of
Scotland : that they were disrespectful to the me-
mory of the royal martyr, insidious to his son and law-
ful successor, and threatened destruction to the whole
royal posterity, being such as all good men ought
to be ashamed of and abhor. The main design of
them was no other than to lay the blame of all the
mischief that had happened in Britain to the door
of their innocent king ; and to authorize and esta-
blish their detestable leagues and covenants, which
had already occasioned the effusion of so much in-
nocent blood among all ranks, the royal family i|Ot
excepted ; and which, like the Trojan horse, preg-
nant with mischief, would quickly pour down upon
the distressed nation a heavy deluge of new sedi-
tions, rebellion, war, rapine, murder, and parri-
cide, to the utter ruin and devastation of the whole
kingdom. If these propositions were yielded to»
the consequences would be that then the king,
who by right should succeed his father as sove-
reign of the kingdom, would enjoy nothing but
the vain and empty title of royalty ; and even that,
together with his life itself, would be precarious ;
and both must depend upon the pleasure of a set of
men, the most distrustful and furious upon earth,
plunged in the deepest gloom of melancholy and
superstition, and the declared and irreconcileable

95S MEMOIRS 0FtRe

toennes bf kings and iJl ImM Authttrity; Ad
Vrhole power and goreitiiiltot would then hb
lodged in the hands of these Inen, who, con^oM
of ti^^ many crimes committed agiunst the father,
wdiild ner«^r reckon themselves secure whill^ any
of his posterity were alive. The e^isco^ govtm-
mttit, undler which religion had so much flourish-
ed ih all ages of the church, both before and aincfe
the reformation, would be thereby iA>oHshed, and
the intolerable tyranny of presbytety, as it is now
established in Scotland^ would be introdueed,
which in cruelty, pride, avai*ice, luxury, and lust
of power, far surpasses the very worst times of the
papal Usu4)atibn. The worst of rebels and regi-
cides would not only go unpunished for their exe-
crable crimes ; but being adVanced to the highest
honours and places, and enriched with the sacri-
legious spoils of the church-lands, and the crown»
revenues of their murdered sovereign, would
govern ail, and glory and triumph in their con-
quest; while the king himself, aUd all his loyal
and brave subjects who had adhered unto h&n,
and their posterity, would be ex}^osed to the ragCt
insolence, and revenge of their cruel and malicious
enemies. They could not thiuk without horror,
that ft Christian king, contrary to the duty which
he owes to his parents, to his brediren, to his
friends, to God and men, should ratify and ap-
prove their wick^ ordinances, by which, under
the pretence of supporting and promoting thetr

MARQUIS OP IffOVTBOSE. 8S0

soieott leBg^e aad oovensnt, all his snbfeels were
obliged to fise in rebdlion agakisfe their aoveveigiii
whereby they at length bt>oiight him to the aeaf»
foid i and by which they drove bis royal eonsort
the queen oot of her husband's dominions, and
banisbed and impriaoned the royal kifants^ who
still continue under these calaaaities. In short»
thej sospeeted that this tz^aty was chiefly edoo-
latad^ and t^se difficulties designedly thrown in
the wwff only to protract the time tiU Cromwril»
that inhuman and bloody regicide, with whom
they kept an intimate correspondence, and vrbo
had already subdued England, should idso conquer
Ireland, which he was attempting, and might dien
pour all his fonses into Scotland, and secure tbem
of dieir ill'*gotten power.

** For these and many other convincing reasons^
tbey all unanimously declared, that the king
could not, upon such unjust terms, ent^ into
any stipulation with tbo^ who arrogantly assumed
the tkle of the estates of Seotland: and that, ifhe
had any regard to oonseience towards God, duty
to his paiMitSy concern for posterity, his own re-
putatMoi idutMid, or safety and authority at home^
he was to expect other kind of messages, and
other kind of requests from them, such as shoidd
express some sense of a serious, though late, re-
pentance for their crimes, and of a real design to
r^^tore the king. But, in their opinion, there
was 1^0 other way left to reclaim these people, who

360 MEMOIRS OF THE

were become obstinate and hardened in their re-
bellion, and reduce them to their duty and obe*
dience, but by a just and necessary war/'

These arguments were so conclusive, and their
force so evident, that neither the commissioners
from the estates, nor Hamilton and Lauderdale,
who did them all the service they could, were able
to answer them ; and the king being thereby con-
vinced, came entirely into Montrose's opinion*
But by what fatality, or by whose advice, the ex-
pedition into Scotland was laid aside, and chang*
ed to a descent upon Ireland, I do not know. In
order to prepare for the latter, th^ king set out for
France, and Montrose and most part of the nobility
attended him as far as Brussels. The commissioneiB
of the estates, agreeable to the usual freedom they
had been accustomed to take with majesty, accused
and virulently aspersed the king, because he had
not yielded to their requests, and had rejected
their offers of peace. At the same time, they were
extremely overjoyed that he had altered his intend-
ed journey to Scotland, where they were so much
afraid of his presence ; which, on the contrary, the
people, wearied with the tyrannical oppression and
cruelty of these insolent and imperious rebels, wish»
ed for in the most ardent manner.

KABQOU OF MONTftOSE. 86l

CHAP. VI.

Montrose prepares for a descent upon Scotland. — The state of
that kingdom, — His dimppointments, — He lands in Caith^
nest. — Straehan^ Leslt/, and Holbumy sent against him*"^
He publishes his declaration. — Defeated by Strachan^/-^
Apprehended by the Laird of Assint^ and delivered /•
David Lesly.

The descent upon Scotland which Montrose had
projected, was indeed a very arduous and danger-
ous enterprise, but not so rash or desperate as some
malicious people have endeavoured to represent.
There were many things which encoun^ed him to
hope it might prove successful. He had received
many letters from the nobility in Scotland, inviting
him to undertake it, and promising him all man-
ner of assistance ; at the same time assuring him»
that the greatest part of the people were ready to
join him, and would have no other general than
himself to command them. And, indeed, the north
country was not yet settled ; Mackenzie, brother
to the £arl of Seaforth, who was the king's lieu*
tenant there, the Lord Rae, and other loyalists,
had possessed themselves of Inverness, and, after
demolishing the fortifications, had marched in arms
through the shire of Murray, and crossed the rivec

9S& unMoiit^iyp tttfi

Spey. The state of afiairs in Ireland was also
very encouraging ; the Marquis of Ormond, lieu*
tenant-governor, and general o£ the king's forces
there, was very successful ; and General Monro,
and several others, were afterwards seat to him,
with the king's particular orders, and a commission
from Montrose, to stipulate with him a mutual as-
sistance, as there should be occasion. All the
king's friends in England, who were not tainted
with the leaven of the Presbyterians, openly de-
clared, that, after being so shamefully deceived and
deserted by the Hamiltons, the Marquis of Mon-
ttme was the o^iy Scotsman whom they eould and
ought to trust) but that with him they were readjc
to encounter any danger to retrieve the king's af-
fairs. Sotne of the electors and princes of Ger-
many promised their assistance, and the emperor
himself engaged to summon a diet of the empire,
and represent to them the injuries done to tlie
King of Britain, which merited the resentment of
all the crowned heads in Europe. There was no
reason to doubt of the good inclinations of the
King of Denmark ; and his ambassador at the
Hague had giiFM the strongest assurances of as-
sistance both to the king himself and to Montrose*
Hopes were likewise conceived of as powerful suc-
cours fhom the illustrious Queen of Sweden^ as
from imy other friend or ally of the king, both on
account of the ancient alliances tiiat subsisted* be-
tween die kingdMus, and of the natural goodness,

justiee, and mitgnatihiiiey, of that mcompandile he-'
roifiei whd, in the^ odd other vntnety much re*
sembled her father and grancUSither. Little waa
to be expected from the Fieneh and Spaniards,
who were then engaged in a mutoid war, but it
was e&pected that the King of Poland^ and the
Duke of Courland, would be among the most for^
ward in asaisting the king. Particular envoys were
sent by his mqesty to these several princes, to so-
licit their aid, and to beg, that what succours they
could lUlbrd might be conveyed to Montrose ^ as
^oon as possible, to fit him for the intended inva»
sion. However, he never received any benefit by
these embassies, which was not oviring to the
fault or neglect of these princes, who were friendly
enough, but to the base artifices and unacoountaUe
viilany of the Presbyterians, who not only rained
Montrose, but, if Providence had not remarkably
intervened, would certainly have also mined the
king^, and enslaved their native country and their
posterity.'

For, besides their having bribed and conrupted
most isf die people about the court, who are gene»
rally a faithless race of men, to oppose and thwart
Montrose's measures with the king, as far as they
eould ; which at least had this bad effect, that it re*
torded the execution of the most important affiurs ;

* Hamburgh was the place appointed for their rendezvous.

364 MBHOIRS OF THE

they likewise sent their emissaries to all the courts
of Europe, which were inclined to assist and sup-
port the king, clothed with letters of recommenda-
tion, obtained upon very different pretences from
his majesty, who little suspected the wicked pur-
poses for which they were to be employed ; who
endeavoured to make it be believed, that the king
had been invited home to take the government of
Scotland upon him, on conditions highly just and
reasonable, and by no means to be rejected ; that
they still earnestly wished he would agree to them,
as it was the only means by which he could recover
his crown, and reign over his subjects in peace and
safety ; and that those who advised him to pursue
other measures, postponed the king's interest to
their own private views ; particularly those who de-
manded assistance of men, money, arms, and ships,
from foreign princes in the king's name ; seeing
that such assistance was at that time not only use-
less and ill timed, but might prove extremely de-
trimental to his interest, by alienating from him
the minds and affections of his good and loyal
subjects ; that such succours would then only be
seasonable and thankfully accepted of, when his
majesty, being fully settled in Scotland, should de-
mand them by an honourable embassy, sent for
that purpose, with consent of bis estates : but, in
the mean time, they advised them not to be too
prodigal of their men and treasures, at a time

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 365

when they would contribute so little to the advan-
tage of their friend and ally. *

Montrose first addressed himself to the Dukes
of Brandenburgh and Holstein, from the last of
whom he received three or four very fine vessels»
well manned, which were kept a great while at
Amsterdam to no purpose. This prince would
have willingly contributed much more to that ser-
vice, but that he perceived that what he had aU
ready given was so misemployed ; in which both
he and the marquis were grossly abused, as will
appear from what follows. Great were the pro-
mises which had been made to the marquis by many
other princes ; but they proved very slack in their
performance ; so that the assistance which was so
generally expected proved little more than mere
formality and compliment. But the season of the

* Here the bishop's nar ration stops ; and it would appear
from tlie MS. th.a the inu>rme<iiate history, from this time
till Montrose was brought up to £(iinburgb to his execution,
hud ncnir b(cn finished by him, there being a great blank
left in it : the remainder of this chapter, together with the
seventh, is therefnre supplied from a continuation of the first
part of these memoirs, which were translated and published in
Em^Iand in the year X652, under the title of Monirose redivi-
vus; or, the Portraiture of James Marquis of Monirose,
Sfc^ in his actions and in his passions.

866 M&s/ofM or icnu

yMT beinf now fit ibr actim, be x«fdjra4» «rith
what speed he could, tQ call together what be ^ould
get ; and for that purpose removed to Hamburgh,
from whence he might have a speedy and conve-
xuent passage to sthe iMirtberu idea of .S(sot}«xid.
JBut hefiure we procieed fiirtlier^ it will Mt be im^
pertinent to itak^ » ^igbt view of the 4H>nditioDL .<^
tbait kiiigfl^ipa» wjniiher this e?(peditipa was in-
(ended.

iBcotlav^ WAS tkf» ^n ^ ireasonafaje jie^ne :gf
4}4et( £wr the, old grudges were ratted ^ £ar a
^bile» by rciwoyisig (the priiicipAl bej^ds of the cp*
f Q^ite part^ wjiiaix^ some had aufiered aA Phi-
lipdbLajagh, wd otbiprs yhe/s^ detained priaoners in
JKi^glwd» or banished ; and ^ eertain number of
iharse and foot, «modelled into an anny^ waa muater-
0d and dispoaad of in several places of the kijog-
dom, (to prevent any foreign invasion» pr suppress
^mythome-bped inaiirrectjk>n, if .such jBhauld hafiqpen.
These were commanded by David Lesly, Colonel
Montgomery, Colonel Strachan, and some others,
under Holbum as lieutenant-general; and amounted
in all to fifteen hundred horse, and three thousand
foot. This handful did at that time overawe and
keep under the discontented party, though far
more numerous ; for, besides those who had been
diabuided by the Earl of Lanark and Major-gene-
ral Monro at the bridge of Stirling, there flocked
daily out of England great numbers who had
escaped from prison, who, finding their estates se-

MAM^UIS 99 ittoiimosE. 367

^Mtttrad «nd flmed lupmi, And being at the flane
time proceeded against la the most tyrftmiieal
numner by the hot-headed ministers, desired no-
thiag mene than an opportunky of ren^nge. Be*
aides theae» there were a considerable number of
the mwquia'^ own name, who, wttb the Gardons,
the men of Atbole, and others of his party In the
north oomitry, were ready, and would nadeubtad-
]y bam ixxne to his assistanoa, bad be not been
crushed at his first entry.

This situation of things made lihe marquia Mf*
pear lilse a prodigbus meteor hanging orer their
heads, wlucfa awjakened the attention of those who
sat at the belm of affidrs, whom, indeed, it princi-
pally concerned, to i»MieaTour to defeat his at-
tempts both at home and abroad; and for this
purpose commissioners were a second time diqiatch-
ed to w^t upcm the king, tben at Breda, to try
and prevail upon him to accept of the ini^tion
tbey had formerly sent him, thou^ without abat-
ing in the least of the extravagancy of their former
propositions*

In the mean time, Montrose, who had now
gathered together a company of very gallant gentle-
men, both Scots and English, was making all pos-
^ble haste for his e^^pedition. He dispatched
Colonel John Ogilvy to Amsterdam, to entertain
raeb strangers as might offer themselves theie ibr
2w purpose^ but the colondL ifiDucgetting bin com-
mission» bestowed both money and time in enter-

368 MEMOIRS OF THE

taining himself, suffisring those who would have en-
gaged upon any terms to shift for themselves ; of
whom there were not a few, great numbers having
escaped from England ; many had likewise desert-
ed from the French, or had been cashiered from
the Dutch service. By these means those five
ships which were given by the Duke of Holstein,
and were su£Ekriently provided for service, were
rendered useless, and lost by his neglect; and one
limb of the design thereby broken. There hap-
pened about this time another incident, which much
retarded the marquis's affairs : Sir John Cochran,
who had been dispatched with a commission into
Poland, to require the assistance of the Soots mer-
chants there, having procured very considerable
sums of money upon that score, and other neces-
saries for furthering that expedition, disposed of
the money for his own use, and sold the com and
other provisions, together with the vessels which
were provided for the transportation of it, and
turned tail himself to the cause. General King,
likewise, whom the marquis expected from Swe-
den with a considerable body of horse, either could
not be so soon ready as was expected, or procras-
tinated purposely.

But, notwithstanding ^11 these disappointments,
the marquis, fearing, as is supposed, lest he should
receive express orders to desist from his enterprise,
the treaty betwixt the king and the Scots commis-

MARQUIS Of tf ONTBOSB. S69'

sioners seeming to be now in great forwiurdneas,*
precipitated himself and those who were with him
into the most inevitable nun* Now, all these
great levies and aids that were expected* these
mighty preparations for the invasion of a kingdom
already settled in a posture of war, and well fore»
warned of his intention, amounted not, in all, to
above the number of six or seven hundred, foveign*
era included. Most o£ the common soldiers who
adventured with him were from Holstein or Ham-
burgh. He received from the Queen of Sweden,
for the arming of such gentlemen as should join
his party upon his landing, fifteen hundred stand
ci arms, complete for horse, consisting of bade,
breast, head-piece, carabines» pistols, and swords ;
all which were taken untouched after his defeat
in Caithness.

With so small an army, and so little preparation,
to attempt a business of that weighty nature^ was a
desperate action. And, although his touching first
upon the islands increased his numben, and gave
him almost the beginning of an army, yet were
those barbarous people so raw, and unacquainted
with discipline, that they proved in a manner use-
less and unserviceable. 'Tistrue, that the inhabit»
ants of these isles ware in former times a very
fierce and warlike people, and have often, under
their own captains, made deep impressions into the
very heart of the kingdom ; but, whether it was
the pdicy of the late kings to leave them untrain-
A a

SJQ MSVOIBS OF XH9

eif on purpose to bceak and lubdne their utanl
fiinreness, or thai;, tlieir oWn chieftains being <|iid-
ted tr eut off» they eared not moeh erer to engnge
Bsder any olber» certain k is» that the Jdnga of
Swittind» Sot these two handred yeaia hit past» ha;fe
net tnade hm use of any park o£ their aalgecta» nor
ia there at this 6vx a worse opinioa entertained of
any part of the Scola natbn for ynltiur and milita*
ly ooarage.. And this may. he aU^ed as agresk
eaose of their heing aonnservioeabie and aemias in
the sarqim's sertiee^

' Of the whale atrength thafc aOcontpaTiisd Mon*
troae fhoai Gennattf» which» as already noticed»
KvAs fiur from being consideirafale» he sent off aboat
a iSiird pact hefen luttiself in two vessels» who»
meetiBg with stermy weather» which is both fre-
quent and dangerous among these northern islands»
weie loak, with ali tiib men sod aMaa. This was
aoother ofaack» and» as it weie» « warning and &n^
Hmtter of the «ad event which folhvwed; but» be*
ing Jed «n by a fatality to his ruin» he bdioved to
eoBtribute hn own endeavoor» towards fthat de*
strection which his .cruel fortune had prxmded for
hoBi ; icK» nothing dttmayed iritfa what had abeady
hqipened» he dispatched a second party» who^
makiDg « Buiie i^rosperous voysgew landed safe at
Orkney^ and entered the island withoiri; any resist*
ante» share being at that time no garrison or de»
finscei^acedby tkeieataleeinaiiy.eftheae islandib
Widi «beae tnoepe ha bad MM «wtil iQ^^

MARQUIS OVJUOMTE08& SJl

for levying iKine and fool;, which were imtnediateljr
diqiatcfaed to the continent of Scotland, and the
islands adjacent, for that purpose. The people of
the coQiitry b^ing in no oondition to resist these
officers, «ndeavoored» in hopes of favour, as much as
they could to promote the design ; and such as wete
net sa foorward, wese forced by their own neigh-
hours who favoured the caiis^ ^d the violence of
these reevuiting officers, l&ewise to take up arms«

Not loi^ afW landed the marquis himself, with
the rest of his eompsny, together with those gentle-
vaef^ who were resoivesl to partale of his fortune ;
Mioligst whom were several persons of note, as the
Lmd iiVendraoght, Cckoel Urry, a mfin who hud
engage ia all quarrols, but never prospered in
any j Colonel JohnsM, a resolute and old officer ;
Coloiiei Gtay^ a Gennan officer ; Henry Graham,
•the ffistquis^s own natural brother ; Colonel James
Haiy of Naii^htott, Sir Francis Hay ctf Dalgety,
and Greorge Drutnmond of Balloch* His kinsman,
the Lo^d Napier, was left in Holland, and Colonel
SKbbald, his old eompanicniy had been employed by
him as his agent ki Scotland, but was apprehended
at Museeiburgh, and accompanied his genertd in
death upon the same seaffbld.

The ma^rquis contintted a considerable time in
Orimey, raising foiices and strengthening himself
wiA su^h leeraits as die plaoe could uSord» Nei-
ther weie thcM any preparations made at aU in
fieothtid to di^ossew him jof these islaopMb, oither

37^ BfEMOIBS OF THE

because it was a difficult affiur to assail him within
those places, naturally guarded by a rough and
dangerous sea, or because» as they knew his strength,
they expected a better opportunity of destroying
him, which, indeed, they soon after found, within
the country.

At last he resolved to embark, and for that pur-
pose, gathering all the boats he could find amongst
the isles, he shipped his men, and soon landed
them upon the utmost point of Caithness, which is
the farthest land on the north*east part of Scot*
land. The people there, having had some experi-
ence of the carriage of his former soldiers, and now
far more dreading the name of foreigners, and their
panic being also increased by the dreadful reports
which were industriously and constantly spread of
him, fled away in great numbers, «dd many of
them never stopped till they came to Edinburgh,
where they gave a terrible alarm to the parlia-
ment, who were sitting there at the time. The
commanders were immediately summoned, and
charged with all possiUe haste to get the standing
forces in readiness ; and a rendeavous, in obedience
to the command of the estates, was thereupon pre-
sently appointed at Brechin. Colonel Strachan,
who was then in high esteem with the great ones
for the late instances of his valour in the Engtish
service, and his zeal to the Firesbyterian cause,
which was much extolled at that tim«» hfid an
ample and particular commission granted to him

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 373

by the parliament, to command a choice party of
horse, without being subject to David Lesly's or-
ders, and to engage and fight the enemy at the
best advantage ; and with these, which were not
above three hundred, he advanced before the ar«
my. David Lesly, with the remainder of the
horse, and Greneral Holbum with the foot, march-
ing after him.

In the mean time, the marquis advanced but
slowly, and that his designs might not be mistaken
by the world, who were all much astonished at
this invasion, at a time when the lung was upon a
treaty with his subjects, he published a declara-
tion, * wherein he laboured to clear himself from
the aspersion of having any sinister ends j that his
intention was only against some particular persons,
who had, contrary to the laws of the kingdom, raised
and maintained a war against the king's father,
and were now, by their subtile practices, endea-
vouring to destroy the son also ; but that he in-
tended nothing against the generality of the king-
dom, and exhorted all his fellow-subjects to free
themselves from the tyranny of those who for the
present ruled the state, and from the oppression
of the ministry.

* See this declanitioD, and answers to it by the commissioa
of the General Assembly, and the Committer of Estates^

in the Appendix.

374 M^Motits (fr tfiB

The cOuntiy for several rrasoiis did not wme to
second him as he expected; for die Earl trf*
Sutherland, a powerful man in these parta^ and
whose estate lay in the neighbourhood of the plaee
where the marquis then was, raised a great muii*
ber of his tenants and friends, and did what he
could to hinder and terrify M that w^re wtlUiig
to join him ; and though he found himself unable
to deal with the marquis's forces, yet he effectually
stopped all intereourse betwixt hiih and his friettda.
On the other hand, those gentlemen who had
hitherto followed the marquis, and were aiAcienU
ly inclined to assist him, knowing the danger of
the enterprise, and considering the smaUness of
his army, and that his soldiers were entirely un*
disciplined, and very unlike to the former» wkh
whom he had performed so many great aotkmSf
b^an to be averse, and entertain suspidona of the
event, yet many who were intimat^y acquainted
with the situation of the country were of opinion»
that, had he not been overpowered in ikenirit of
time, he might have gained such strangtb among
the hills, as would have given him leisure dnoi^b
to have incremed his own party, and tired out the
enemy. However, he was not altogether tmmind^i
ful of retreat. There is in that country a castle
called Dunbeath, the laird of which was the head
of a very ancient family, but no friend to the mar-
quis ; and upon his approach, he hod left his house
in the keeping of his lady and servants, and fled te

Bdudwii^. The lady, though the pliuse WM
natunlly well fortified» delivered k up on the irM
sumnoiu.to Colonel Uny, who was sent thUhef
by the marquis with a party of fool to reduce it»
upon ooudition, that her gooda and eatate might
be aecure» and she with her asrvauta allowed to
march off. Urry» hanag plaeed «uch a garrison
in it as he thought sufficient for its defenee, ia-
turned to the marquis» who was now advanced to
the place» or near it» where he waa to lose at one
throw his liberty» life» and fortune* Hearing ^
the enemy's approach» he made his whole follow
march at e good rate to recover a pass which they
were not far from» when he, himself in the vm-
guard, discovered the first party» which was Stiih
chan's forlom-bope» advancii^ very fast upon him»
and when they came upi they found Montrose's
mea quite breathless sand out of order. The
second party of the enemy was eemmanded by
Strachaa himself» and the rear^guard by Colonel
Ker } for he bed divided them into three bodies.
Tbe first party being now veiy near, tlipre wes a
fimrlonubope of a himdred foot drawn out to iMtt
them» who firing upon them, put them to 4 difot*
dnrly T€tf^i but being, immediately seconded by
Strachan's party, they made good their ^uurgt»
.an4 so terrified the idanders that most of them
threw down their arms, and called for quarter.
The Dutch companies» after they had bestowed a
volley o* two among the horsci retreated into some

S76 MEMOIU or THE

fiihnibs hard by, and there defended themselves
very valiantly for some time, but were all taken
at last^ There were killed to the number of two
hundred, and twelve hundred taken, very few
having escaped ; for the whole country being in
arms, especially the Eeri of Sutheiland^s people,
who came not to the fight, but to the execution,
they killed and took prisoners all that fled. The
standard was also tdten, which Montrose had
caused be made of purpose to move the aflfections
of the people, with the portrait of the late king
beheaded, and this motto, Judge and revenge try
cause ^ O Lord! the standard-bearer, who was a
i«ry gidlant young gentleman, being kiHed, after
he had several times refiised quarter. Among the
jnisonera were Colonel Urry, the Lord Fren-
draught, Sir Francis Hay of Dalgety, Colonel
Hay of Naughton, Colonel Gray, with most of the
officers, and two ministers. ^

The marquis, after he saw the day was absolutely
lost, threw away his cloak with the star upon it,
having received the order of the Garter sometime
before : his sword was likewise found ; and not very
ftr off his horse, which he had forsaken ; for how
soon he bad got clear off the ground where the
skirmish was, he betook himself to foot, and light-
ing by chance upon one of the people of that coun*

* See ft It9t of the inri$oneit io the ApfwodM.

MABQUJS^ OF MOXTBOSE. ^77

try» he cbanged clothes with hiopi, and so conveyed
hiipself away in the fellow's Highlmd habit« There
wae a very narrow search made for bin, so that he
cpiild. not long escape ; yet be continued in the
open.fieldis three or four days» without their get-
ting wyiv^cepf him: at last, the Laird of Assint,
besog . abroad. in .aims with some of his tenants in
search of him» lighted on him. in a phiee whtee he
had contipmed thri&e or four days without meat or
drifik» and cmly one .man in his company. Asaiiit
^lad been formerly one of Montrose's own feUow»
ers ; who immediately knowing him, and bdieving
to fiod friendship at his hands, willingly disooveved
himself; but Aasint, not daring to eonoeal him,
and being greedy of the reward which was pramis*
ed to the person who should apprehead^him by tibe
<;ouncil of the estates, immediately srixed and dis-
anned bim« 'Tie said he pro&red ^^t sums
for his liberty ; but finding that in vain,. he desired
to die by the hands of those who took him, rather
than be made an object of shame and misery by his
em^^ced fioiemies, which he well knew would be his
&te ; butneither of his deares were granted ; and
a.stroag gmard.was immediately set over him, who
conveyed him to David Lesly. * ^

* Macleod of Assint gave up Montrose to Ledy for four
hundred bolls of mea] ; (see hia Indictment, Criraioal Recorda,
1674.) He woa afterwards tried at Edinburgh for his treach-
ery, — ^boi the unpopnlarity of Montrose's son widi Ae Caya«

378 MBMOUIS W TItt

StnMshan luniiig achieved his bu^eis «rfdi 90
fiMt expeditbiit and relieved tlie itate irom this
deDgei-t of whidi they were io i^ppreheiisiire» teft
the reet of the aflair to Leriy and HoSnini, and
letairoed to Edinburgh ; where he feeeived great
thaidtf and rewaida for his anmieut eevnoe^ not
withoot the heart-bunui^ of Dattd Ledy, who
^tod note little at the taceesi of Me whom he
oeiiaidered as' an nprtart soldier, add who was be-
esMearivaltohishonour* However^ he moved
forward» to acoomplish the lem^nder of the work»
which was now of no great eoDMqaettee; for there
Semained m^bingwitUn the country but the cartle
of Duabaath, which, being past all hc^ of rdief
after thedefeat^ how soon the garrison was perfect»
ly asmred of it by some priaoners whom sbcy knew,
they iamwdialcly snrrendered. The governor was
made a prisoner at discretion ; but the uAdkn, be-
ing Duteh, weie allowed to retam house.

llierp wis Mdnng else to be donoi bttt to radttoe
the islands^ and the town of KiikwaU in Oikney,
wheri Colonel Jaknson and Colonel Hary Gotham
ivcre lefl» when the nian|uis pamsd umt to
Qiitlmesi : bat «ither becuiss be eonld not i^ars

lier P&ny, whose favourite, Lord MiddletoD, he liad given up
to hit eoesiiet , i||id with Lord Lauderdlsie, lor baving ever been
a frieoa of Micliilstoa'fl^ together with hrihsf brstowetf kf
J^otf «nd J>Hte4sle*i old gnidse towards Ihe aieaioiy of
Ihe Biarq^if» saved thi» uai(or fma Iv^fil famish eienl.

MARWf9 or wwritME. 979

aity iniffietB» or hemvM he exf^cted bettor wopm^

he had left them «Immt defeBcelew, though there

were eeveral phoes u theee isles which might have

beennede Tery tanable. Upon their hemng of

the defiMU:^ they iminedUtely took ehippiiii^ with

tke reife who weed lelit eking with thetti, and return-

^ from whence tiwy came j otherwite both of

thmn had. undergone the i»ie fete with their ge*»

nenl» Thus Lesly's forces entered without any

resistance» and seised upon the arms which Mon«

trose had brought thither, together with two jueees

of ordnance. The Queen of Sweden had given

hiaa a little frigate of sixteen guns» which hiy

in the harbour^ and the maiiter being gone ashore

into one of the islands, the company, seeing the

event, revolted, and brought in that likewise.

The victory being now complete, there was a
solemn day of thanksgiving appointed throughout
the whole kingdom, and observed with bonfires,
shooting of guns, and other demonstrations of joy :
but many of the gentry, who had been fbrmeriy
nnder Montrose's command, and had now engaged
to join him again, were no partakers of this joy :
fiMP his papers being taken, many of them were
afterwards discovered, and suffered in their es*
tates*

The marquis being now in the custody of Ids
mental enemies, from whom he could not expect
the least favour or mercy, yet expressed a singular
constancy, and in n manner an indiiferency of his

980 MEMOIM OP TRB

conditimi : coming to the home of the Eui of
Southeskt liis father-inhkw, where two of his chil-
dren were kept, be procm^ liberty from his guard
to see them ; but neitber at meeting nor parting
could any change of his former counteiuuice be
discerned, or the least expremon heaid wbich waa
not suitabte to the gi^eatness of hit spirit and the
fame of his former actions. His befaavi<Nir was^
during the whole journey, such as became a great
man ; his countenance was serene and cheeriul, as
one who was superior to all those rqiroaches which
they had prepared the people to pour out upon
him, in all the places through which he was to
pass.* It is remarkable of the iown of Dundee,

* The marquis bad Tcry nearly made his escape when at
the house of the Laird of Grange, near Dundee. The author
of the Memorie of the Somervilles, mentioning the old Lady
Grange, thus details the circumstanee : *< It was at this ladye's
house that that party of the covenanten their standiag armie,
that gaifded iii the Marques of Montrose, eftir his forces was
beat, and himself betrayed in the north, lodged him| whom
this excellent lady designed to sett at libertie, by procureing
bis escape from her house ; in order to this, soe soon as tber
ffoarters was settled, and that sbe had observed the way and
manner of the plaeeiag of«^tha gaairds, and what officers con*
manded them, she not only ordered her butlers to let the
souldiers want for noe drink, but she herself, out of respect
and kyndenesse, as she pretended* pTyed hard the officers and
souldiers of the main^guaird (which waskeeped hi herowne
hall) with the strongest ale and aqua vttc, that before midnigbti
allot them (being for the most part Highlandroen of Lawcr's

MAHQUIS OF MpNTROSE. 381

where he ledged one night» that tliough it had
aaflfeied more by. has army than any other within

regiment) became starke draoke. If her stewaru and other
servants had obeyed her directions in giteing out what drinke
the outgitrds should have called for, uudonbtedly' the buss!»
nesse had been effectuat; but unhappily, when the marques
had pasted the first and second centineUs that was sleeping
upon ther musqnets, and likewayes through the niain-gaird,
that was lying in the hall lyke swyoe on a midding, he was
challenged a little without the outmost guaird by a wretched
trouper of Strachan's troupe» that had been present at Us
takeing. This fellow was none of the guaird that night, but
being quartered hard by, was come rammelling in for hb bellie-
ful of drinke, when he made this unluckie discovery^ which
being done, the marques was presently seised upon, and witli
much rudenesse (being in the ladye's cloaths^ which he had
putt on for a disguise) turned back to his prisone-chamber.
The lady, her old husband, with the wholi servants of the
house, were. made prisoners for that night, and the morrow
eftir, when they came to be challenged before these that had
the command of this party, and some members of that wretch*
ed committie of estates that satt allways at Edenbrough, (for
mischieff to the royall interest,) which they hail sent for the
more security, to be still with this party, fearing the great
friends and weilUwishers this noble heroe had upon the way he
was to come, should either by force or stratageme, be taken
from them. The ladie, as she had been the only oontryver of
Montrose's escape, soe did she avow the same before them all ;
testifying she was heartily sorry it had not taken effect accord*
ing to her wished desyre. This confidence of hers, as it bred
some admimtioue in her accusers, soe it freed her husband and
the servanU from being farder challenged ; only they took se-
curity of the Uird (or his huiye^s appearing before the committie

JSe VBM0IB6 OF THE •

the kingdom, yet were they so ftur from inaakiiig
owr him» th«t die whole tewa teetifieil very gneit
sorrow for his woeful condition ; and here he was
furnished with clothes suitable to his birth, in place
of that ordinary dress in which he was taken ;
which Lesly would not for some time allow him
ta change»

• »i*X>l* !■ 'm ■»■11 ■■ ■ ' ■ ■' I "■■ ' i ■

of cstaies wbeo called, which she never was» Ther worships
^Ott something else to thinke upoQ, then to conveen soe exceU
lent a lady hefore them upon such ane account, as tended
greatly to her honour and ther oune shame,?

MAJUWfS or BI«iTB98E* 899

CHAP. VIL

The pariiament condemns Moniroie t» his abseiiee^-^Theit
senience against him. — Their ireaimeni of Urn vAen he ar^
rived at Edinburgh. — His speech before the parlimntmU ■
His speeeh and deh^ni^r at his eaeeutsotu

1 HE covenanting nobHity» and the rest who as-
sumed the name» and acted as the estates of Soot-
land, being informed that the Marquis of Mon-
trose was betrayed, and now in their powar, thought
it proper and necessary to judge and condemn him
before he was brought to Edinburgh. For they
were afraid that the majesty of his appearance, and
his becoming deportanent, joined with the splen-
dour of his birth, and the fame of his gallant ac-
tions, might beget compassion, and turn the minda
of the people in his &vours, who were then highly
^uisperated against him, and were fdready calling
aloud to have him executed. They thought it ne-
cessary, therefore, to take the opportunity while
they were in that humour ; and upon the 17th of
May, * they appointed a committee of their num-

384^ HEMOias OF TH£

ber, such as they knew to be Montrose's bitterest
enemies, as judges, to consider his case, and with»
out delay to give in their opinion in writing to the
estates, what was most proper to be done with
him, and what sentence should be pronounced
against him. Accordingly, that same forenoon
they gave in their report, declaring it as their
opinion. That he should be met at the gate of the
city by the magistrates, attended by the hangman ;
that he should be immediately put upon a cart,
and fastened to it with cords, bareheaded; and
so carried through the city, the hangman drivings
the cart with his bonnet on» and clad in his livery :
that he should be hanged upon a gibbet erected
at the cross of Edinbuigh, with the book which
contained the history of his wars, and his declara-
tion, tied about his neck; and after remaining
three hours upon the gallows in the puUic view of
all the people, that he should be cut down, and his
head severed from his body, and fixed upon the
tolbooth of Edinburgh ; and also his legs and arms
cut off, and placed over the gates of the cities of
Aberdeen, Perth, Glasgow, and Stirling : that if
he repented, and was therefore absolved from the
sentence of excommunication by the church before
his death, his body might be buried in the com-
mon burial-place ; but if not, that it ought to be
buried at the public place of execution.

Upon the 18th day of May, about four o'clock
in the afternoon, he was brought in at the Water-

MARaUIS OP MOirrBOSE. 385

gate, and, according to the sentrace concerted
against him the day before, he was met by the
magistrates of the city, escorted by the town-^uard,
and the hangman along with them. How soon he
entered within the gate, the magistrates shewed
him the sentence, which having read, he answered
with the greatest calmness and ccmiposure, That
he was ready to submit to it ; only he was sorry that
through him the king's majesty, whose person he
represented, should be so much dishonoured.
And immediately mounting the cart with the
greatest cheerfulness, he was carried at great lei-
sure through the most conspicuous parts of the
city to the prison ; the other prisoners walking,
tied two and two, before the cart.

Be^des the guard which attended the cart in
arms, the whole streets were crowded with people
to see him ; among whom were great numbers of
women, and others of the lower sort, who were
hounded out to abuse him with their scurrilities,
and even to throw dirt and stones at him as he
passed along ; but there appeared such majesty in
his countenance, and his carriage and behaviour
was 80 magnanimous and undaunted, as confounded
even his enemies, and amazed all the spectators ;
so that their intended insults and reproaches were
converted into tears and prayers for bis safety ;
whereby their ministers were so far exasperated,
and transported with rage and fury at the disap*
pointment, that, next day, which was. Sunday, they

Bb

386 Msiioiiii m THE

were not aabaaoied, opealy in tbetr eermalM, ton-
dflim agaiiut the people far not eniiiinQmg ttuitep*
poTtuoity rfabBtittg him*

When he was taken from kite oart» he gave tlie
kangman mne moneys as a reward for driTing ao
well» saytngt '* He red^oned it hia triiunphat oha*
riot/* It waa idmoat sewn o^dock in the eveniag
before be reached the prison; and immediately
some of the estates, rad aotee df their miniaters»
were aent to examme him, or ratbar to teaae and
rex him with their impertinent i|uertiona, and op-
probrious invectives; but he refused to retwn
them any answer, till diey should inform him ufian
what terms they stood wkh the king bis royal
master, and whether they had come to any agnae^
ment. This being reported to the estate^ they
delayed any further proceedings againat him tiU
Monday ; and, in the mean time, allowed thdr
oommiktee to iafonn him, that the peace and agrat*
mrat was fully concluded betwixt the king and the
present estates ef the kingdom. By this time it
was late, and being extremely fatigued with hi|
long jonmey, and the faardahqaa he had siflbred on
the road, he desured acne repoae ; for he aaid»
*^ That the ceremony and oampliment they had
paid him that day had been aomewhat weaiaaome
and tedious ! ''

The next day, which was Sunday, he wsaa oon^
stantly attended by the stiniatera and siemfaers of
the pariiaaaent, who gave him no xest amr quiet»

MABQraS OF MQUnUttS* SSfJ.

tlKNii^ lie nvBBted to caaapeae kia mmi tiotiioughtft
of a mom exaked and ioteMsdog patiUjei^ btt ke^
him up with their inqiertiaeDt qtefltmis» insuUivig
him with their reproaches, and denouBciog "timr
direatemagt against hinit all expressed with the
utmost degree of ill-aatute aad malevoleace. Yet
all that ill treatment produced no change u^oii his
steady behaviour, not made him utter the least ex-^
pression savouring of impatience and irresolution^
or of which they oould take the smallest advan-
ta^. He told them, ^* They were much mis«
taken if they imagined that they had affironted him
by carrying him in a vile cart the day before ; for
he esteemed it the meat honeuraUe and cheerful
journey he had ever performed in his life } his
most mercifiil God and Redeemer having all the
while manifested his presence to him in a most
comfortaUe and inexpressible manner, and supplied
him, by his dicine grace, wiih rssolutiKm and eon«
stancy to owrlook the rqproaches of men» skid to
behold bim alone for whose cause he suffered."

On Monday he was brought helore the ^«
Kament, where the Earl of Loudon, the chanoeUor»
made a long and virulent dedamation against him 2
He told him, •' That he had not only broke» the
first covenant, which was eaUed the national^ but
also the second, or the solemn league and covenantf
by which the whole nation stood bound ) that he
had rebdled against his native oomtry, by invad»
ing it with hostile arms, and by calling in the Irish

388 HSMOIE8 OF THE .

rebels to his assistaiice; that he had oommitted
many horrible murders, treaaoas, and impieties»
for idi which God had now brought him to suffisr
condign punishment/' When the chancellor had
done speaking, the marquis asked if he might be
allowed to speak a few things in his own behalf»
which being granted him with some difficulty» he
said, " That since he understood that the king had
owned them so far as to treat with them, and that
they were now reconciled with him, he considered
them as sitting by his authority, and as if his
royal nuyesty were sitting along with them ; and»
therefore, he had appeared with reverence, and
bare-headed, which otlierwise he would not willing-
ly have dome. In all cases, he said, and particu-
larly in public affairs, his principal concern had
been to act as became a good Christian, and a
faithful subject, and he had done nothing of which
he was ashamed, or had cause to repent* He (x>n»
fessed frankly, that he had engaged in the first or
national covenant, and had complied with it, and
with those who took it, as long as the enda for
which it was ordained were observed ; but when
he diseovered, what was soon evident to all the
world, that some private persons» under the pre*
tence of reforming some errors in religion» and
preserving public liberty, intended to abridge
and take away the king's just power and law-
ful authority, and assume it themselves, he had
then withdrawn himself from that engagement;

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. S89

and when, in order to disappmnt these menj
and to clear themselyes from being concerned
in such base designs, the honest part of the
nation thought it necessary to enter into an
association for the security of religion, and the
preservation of the royal authority, he likewise
joined in it and subscribed it : that, as to the so-
lemn league and covenant, he had never taken it,
and never could approve or acknowledge it as a
just and lawful confederacy ; and therefore could
not be accused of having broken it : and how far
religion, which is now split into innuinierable sects
and parties^ hath been advanced by it, and what
horrible mischiefs and dreadful tragedies it hath
occasioned, these three distressed kingdoms bear an
abundant testimony : that when their late king, of
ever blessed memory, had almost subdued his re-
bellious subjects in England, and a faction of this
kingdom, under colour of their solemn league, had
sent in v^ry powerful succours to their assistance, it
pleased his majesty to send him into this country,
clothed with his commission and authority to raise
an army and make a diversion, to prevent, if pos-
sible, these auxiliary forces from prosecuting their
rebellious purpose : that he acknowledged the com-
mand as most just, and conceived himself bound in
duty and conscience to obey it : how he had exe-
cuted that commission, and what his carriage and
behaviour was during it, many there present could
witness : that it was not in the power of the great-

990 JHEMOIHS OF TH£

est genendg to prevwt disorden ^together m their
amy f btit he fattd cadeavmireil what he could to
suppress them, and to punidi them hov soon they
were hu>wii : he had new spilt any Mood, aonot
of his most inveterate enemies, but in the field of
b«ttte } and even im the greatest heat of sietioo, he
had preserved tiie lives of many thonsands : and
as he had first taken up arms at the eoniaiand of
the king, so he bad kid them down upon his or-
den, and without any regard to his own interest,
and retired beyond the seas»

'* As to his late invasion, he said, he had under-
taken it at the command, and by the express or-
ders o^his sacrod maj^ty who now Hves, to whom
they all owed their dirty and allegiance, and for
whose long and ha(ppy reign he oflbred his Mieere
and earnest prayers, in order to accelerate the
treaty which was begun betwixt him and them,*
his m(^sty being assured, that whenever he should
have forced with them in a firm and lasting peace,

* See the king's letters to Montrose, in the Appendix ;
with the last of which he liliewise sent him copies of
the address from tiie Committee of Estates, and of his an*
sirer to it, and desired him to proceed vigoromYy In hh
undertaking, withoat i»eing alarmed at any aceodbta be
should receive of the traaty betwixt ham and the estates,
which he reckoned Montrose's enterprise the most effectual
and certain method of accelerating^ and bringing to a desir-
able conclusion. Tliis was certainly a full vindication pf
Montrose^s conduct to all the unbidssed werM.

MABQUia OF WUfTROSE. 391

he would be ready to laj down Ida anas, and le*
tire at his call ; so that he might jusdj affirm,
that no subject ever acted upon more honouraUo
groiuids, nor by a more lawful power and authori^
tff than he had done in the sereral expeditions
imdertakeD by him for the seryiee» and at the com«
mand of the two best of kings.

' <* Wherefore he desired tl^m to lay aside all
prcrfttdioe, private animosity» and desire of revenge }
4iiid consider him» in relation to the justice c£
his causal as a man and a Christian, as an obedient
snbjecti in relation to the oommailds of his foyal
mastei', which he had faithfully ei^eeuted, as their
feIlow*sub}ect| add one to whom they lay under
great obligations, for having preserved the lives and
fortunes of many of themselves, at a time when he
had the power and authority, and Wanted only the
cruel inclinati<m to have destroyed both ; he en-
treated them not to be too rash in their judgment
against him^ but to judge hita according to the
laws of God, the laws of nature and nations, and
particulariy by the laws of the land, which, if they
reftisedi he appealed to the just judge of the world,
who must at last judge them all, and always gives
righteous judgment."

This he delivered with so much gravity and
moderation, without the least trouble or disorder
in his countenance, as amazed even his bitterest
enemies. After which the chancellor ordered the
sentence decreed against him to. be read ; he at-

392 MraioiRs OF the

tended to it with the greatest calmness and com-
posuret and was beginning to speak a second time»
when the chancellor stopped him in a threatening
manner, and ordered him to be carried back to
prison. Here a more sullen and importunate set
of enemies presently assaulted him i thejninisters
endeavoured to shake his resolution and fortitude,
by aggravating the weight and danger of their
censures and excommunications, and denouncing
against him eternal damnation and punishment»
but to no purpose ; for, conscious of his own in-
nocence, he considered their impotent threats as
the contrivances of priestcraft to keep the ignorant
mob in awe, or the delirious ravings of fanatical en-
thusiasm, which could do him no harm, but might
prove destructive and pernicious to themselves.

He told the magistrates, who waited constantly
upon him, that ** he was mtnch beholden to the
parliament for the great ^nour they had decreed
him,'* saying, that ** he was prouder to have his
head fixed upon the toip of the prison, in the view
of the present and succeeding ages, than if they
had decreed a golden stat-ue to be erected to him
in the market-place, or that his picture should be
hung in the king's bed-chamber. He thanked
them for taking so effectual a method to preserve
the memory of his loyalty and regard for his be-
loved sovereigns, even to the latest posterity, by
transmitting such lasting monuments of them to
the four principal cities of the kingdom } wishing

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. SQS

heartily that be had flesh enough to havesent a
pieee to every city in Cbristendom» as a testimony
of his unshaken love and fidelity to his king and
country."

Very few of his friends were permitted to see
him, and that only but for a very short time, and
in presence of some of the magistrates, to prevent
their having any private conversation with him;
The guards attended him in the same chamber
night and day, so that he had neither time nor
pkce for his prayers and private devotions, free
from their nmsy and impertinent interruptions.

In the morning of that day on which he was to
sttlfer, which was the twenty*first of May, hearing
the whole town resounding with the noise of
drums and trumpets, he asked the captain of the
guard what it meant ? who told him, that it was
to call out the soldiers and citizens to arms ; for
that the parliament was afraid lest a mob or tu-
mult might be excited at his execution by the ma-
lignants, (such was the odious name with which
they st^matized the friends and supporters of the
royal cause,) of whom he confessed there were great
numbers who favoured him, and might possibly
make an attempt to rescue him. To which the
marquis replied, ** Do I, who was such a terror to
these good men, when alive, continue still so for-
midable to them, now when I am to die ? But let
them look to themselves ; for» even after I am
dead, I will be continually present to their wicked

S94f UEMOISSOFTHK

conoaciences^ and become more foiviidableto them
than while I was alive." Soon after. Sir x\fciii-
. bald Johnston» a member of their parliaimeDt, a
sullen, melancholic man, intruding upon his pri-
vacy, and impertinently asking him what he was
doing ? and in the mean time he was cottibing bis
hair; he answered with a smile» "That while his
head was his own, be would dress and adorii it ;
but to-morrow, when it becomes yours, you may
treat it as you please."

About two o'clock in the afternoon» he was
brought from the prison to the place of execution,
dressed in a scarlet cloak trimmed with gold lace :
he walked along the street with such a grand air,
and so much beauty, majesty, and gravity appear-
ed in his countenance, as shocked the whole
city at the cruelty that was designed him ; and
-extorted even fi'om his enemies this unwilling eon-
fession, that he was a man of the most }oft;y and
elevated soul, and of the most unsliaken constancy
and resolution that the age had produced. None
of his friends and welUwishers were allowed to
come near him ; and, therefore, there was a boy
privately appointed to take down his last words in
short-hand writing. In Scotland it had always
been pemtilted to condemned persons to speak
what they pleased to the audience» and to diabur*
den their mind immediately before they die ; but
even this last privilege Was not indulged him by
the magistrates ; so that what he said was not in

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. SQS

tke §orm or method of a regular connected dis-
-course, but in aoewer to such questions as were oc-
casionally pfttt Co him by the bysttuderd } the sidi-
tstance of which, as it was fiuthfuUy taken down in
writing, and delivered to us, was as follows :

He said, ^* That it would be extremely hard, if
faia sotf^ng death in that manner should be
«ateemed any reflection upon him, or prove e&n-
aive to any good Cbrii^ian. Doth it not often hap-
pen to the righteous according to the ways of the
wicked ; and to the wicked according to the ways
of the righteous? Do(& not sometimes a just man
perish in his righteousness, ' and a wicked man
prosper in his vtllany? There^rCi he expected
that such as knew him perfectly, would not esteem
liim the less for his present sufierings; especially
as many greater and more deserving men than he
had undergone the like untimely and disgraoeihl
fyte. Yet he said he could not but acknowledge,
that all the judgments of God were just, and
these punishments very deservedly inflicted upon
him, for the many and great private sins whereby
he had transgressed against the divine mi^sty,
axid therefore willingly submitted to them; he
freely pardoned and forgave his enemies, whom he
Mckoned but the instruments of the divine wiH ;
and prayed to God to foi^ive them : they had ^*
pressed the pooih, and perverted judgment and
justice ; but God, who is higher than they, would
toward them.

396 MBMOIRS OP THE

*< That what he^ had done in this kingdom was
agreeaUe to the laws of the country, and under^
taken in obedience to the moet juat commands of
his sovereign» when reduced to the greatest diffi-
culties by his rebellious subjects, who had risen up
in arms against him ; that his pilncipal study had
always been to fear God and honour the king, in a
manner i^reeable to the law of God, the laws ci
nature, and the peculiar, laws of this country ; and
in neither of diese respects had he transgressed
against men, but against God alone, with whom
he expected to find abundant mercy, and in the
confidence of which he was ready to approach his
eternal throne without terror* He would not pie»
tend to foretell futurities, or to pry into the secrets
of the divme Providence ; but he prayed to God
that the indignities and cruelties which he was that
day to suffer, might not be a prelude of still great-
er miseries to befidl his afflicted native country,
which was fast hastening to its own ruin and de-
struction*

" ** That he was sorry it should be objected to him
by many, and those good people, as a crime, that
he should die under the grievous censure of the
church ; but that was none of his fault, seeing it
was incurred only for performing his duty to his
lawful prince, for the security of religion, and the
preservation of his sacred person and royal autho-
rity ; that it gave him a good deal of concern to
have been laid under the sentence of ezcommuni-

10

MARQUIS OF MONTB08E. 99?

cation so rashly by the clergy, and he earnestly de-
sired to be relaxed from it, so ftr as it could be
d<»iie agreeable to the laws of God, and without
hurting his conscience or all^|riance, which, if they
refused, he appealed to God, the righteous judge
of the world, who ere long was to be his impartid
judge, and gracious redeemer.

** Others, he said, had endeavoured to destroy
his character and reputation, even now when he
was about to die, by spreading a report, that he had
laid the whole blame of what he had done upon the
king and his royal father. But such an impious
thought had never entered into his breast; the
late king had lived a saint, and died a martyr ; and
he prayed to God, that as his own fate was not un*
like, so his death might be attended with the same
degree of piety and resignation ; for, if he could
wish his soul in another man's stead, or to be con*
joined with it in the same condition after this life,
it would be his alone. As to his present majesty,
he reckoned t^iat that people would be the happiest
upon earth, who should have the good fortune to
live under his just and merciful government ; his
commands to himself had been always just and
equitable, and, though his disposition inclined ra*»
tker to the side of mercy and clemency, that, not-
withstanding, he was a great lover of justice, which
he sacredly preserved with all men, and upon all
occasions, and would stand religiously to his pro-
mises, and would never condescend to deceive ; hq

398 MBUMBS. OP THE

theiefare pmyed earnertly ikhat he nigkt find hia
snbjeote and senrants piuailjr just and fiithful at
bimaelf, that he might not be betrayed in the end
ad his fudier bad been, by thow who should menft
noet at his band, and in whom be should place the
greatest confidence.

'< He desired the peojde not to ia^pute his pre*
sent behaviour, and that he diflWed in qpinion from
them in sobm things, and did not agree with them
in every thing, to insensibility, or a. solkn pride
and obstinacy, for in that he followed the light of
his own conscience, as it was directed by the rules
of true religicm and right reason» pointed out to him
by the unerring Spirit of God, who, out of his graaC
goodness and mercy, had supplied him abundantly
with the virtues of faith and patieiioe, by the assist-
ance of which he was eiiabled to meet death» even in
its uglieat dbape, with courage, and to sist himadf
before the throne of God, full of hope and confidence,
that the Lord would be glorified evca by his can*
damnation on earth. These, he saidt «ere not the
eapresBons of fi^ar and distrust, but of gratitude
towards God, and love and sffbction to his people
fNT, as oft as he looked upon them, or thought q£
them, he could not refrain from weeping over their
cidaroities, which he had in due time attempted to
remedy, but his eflbrts had proved incftotual up-
on account of their sins*

^ He bad no more to add, only desired, tibat the
people would judge charitably of faim and his a^

MARtyn OF voimosE. 599

Uan»$ without pr^udice and iniihoufc {msim* Hf
doBif/ed the pmyem of all good men £ot bis muI^;
for his parti he prayed Mrnestl j for them ail ; aad,
with the greatest seriouaaesii submisttoiii and hii-
jnility» depncaled the yengftaiifia of Ahni^y
God» which had been so long awakened» and was
atill impending over this poor afflietei Jkingdom ;
that his enemies were at liberty to exult and tri-
umph over the perishing nemains of his body, but
tho utmost indignities they could inflict sho|dd
never prevail on him» now at his deadi» to swerre
from that duty and reverence to Gcod, and obedi-
cfK» and respect to the king, which he had mani-
£sated all his life long. He concluded with recom*
mending his soul to God, and his name and npn^
tation to his countrymen, and to all posterity, wish-
ing all happiness and prosperity to the king, and
expre^ng his good-will and affection to all pre-
tent» He said, that, had he been allowed, he
would have spoken much more, but these thiqgs he
had mentioned were sufficient to exoner his con-
science.'^ ^

Being then asked, if he inclined to pray apart a'
he answered, ** That if they would not permit the
people to join with him, his praying alone and ae-
parately, before so great an assembly, would pet-
haps be oibnsive both to them and himself. He
told them, that he had already poured €mt his aoul
before God, who knew his heart, and had commit-
ted it into his hands, and he bad hf^a gmcieusly

400 MEMOIRS OF THE

pleased to retum turn a full assurance of pardon,
peace, and salvadon, through the merits of Jesus
Christ, his blessed Redeemer." This he spoke
with the greatest energy and solemnity ; then, clos-
ing his eyes, and Itfting up his hands to heaven,
he remained for wme time wrapt up in his private
devotions, during which be appeared to be inward-
ly moved with the influences of die Holy Spirit.

When he had done, he called for the execution-
er, and gave him some money ; and the history of
his wars, and his late declaration, being brought to
him, tied in a cord, he received them with the
greatest cheerfulness and alacrity, and hung them
upon his neck, saying, '< . That, though it had
pleased his majesty to create him a knight of the
most noUe <Nrder of the Garter^ yet he did not rec«
kon himself more honoured thereby than by the
cord and the books which were now hung about
his neck, and which he embraced with greater joj
and pleasure than he did the golden chain and the
garter itself when he first received them, and
therefore desired them to tie them about him in
what manner they pleased.'*

The magistrates and captains of the guard, hav-
ing ordered his arms to be bound, and his cloak
taken off, he desired them " to inflict what further
d^ree of ignominy and disgrace, as they redconed
it, they could possibly invent, for that he was ready
to submit with the greatest cheerfulness to the
highest indignities, for the sake of that cause

MAR401S 07 mmmusM. 401

for wkieh h« sufifered." Hk lasf word» were»-^
*' May God httve mercy apoa this afflicted king-
dom/'' After whicli, with th^ most inyiocible
constancy, and inimitable magnammity, he submit^
ted to tbaft seateace which bad been prMouBoad
against hi» m hk absenoei a&d withottt beitig
heard m his defence. He^ was at man, even m the
confession of his etiemies, in every reject without
an equal, and now became a candidate for imaior«
tality, having exchanged this mortid and i
life lor eternal Uisi and f(^^. *

* In the edition of these Memoin |irinted tS52f sotait itUi*
resting, delfttb are gp^a, which thd hrter- eAtOfs htfvd thou|jfaiC'
fit to curtail. They ate here subjoiiieA eiltirai ^ Csitttiii^ ii
was, that all Ihcee disgraces which wave put wpoa Uu; w<»ftf
the oi>ly iavention» of the AssennUie» then Mmg^ to wbotl^
«isdoBies the devising of his punbhtneDt waS' referred by tbef
Counsel of State. AH thi» while the holy oovenhttt wa» j^rei^
sed upbD hlM wKh< Boch vehemenci^ whicfafy wh«n hey#il&^
much reasoA and doavHrtioU, to the» ivAised, tlflSy had t^W
course t^ their Ovdinietiy #ay of rayling aad mtMMkfn^ aAd
one of them was so bold ti» tell himy he waa tf fkggot df
hell» and he saw him bumiiig there already; They Urged di9.
upoiv him» as the pritt of hitf releasemeht fn>ro extommttn&it*
tioD, an oped coofeasioii of his faults, and' an aclmoWled^
ment of the guiU of Mood wiiich ha4 been sfa»d th^ yMB piUnT
ia which he had bean id an<is ; boTaAl tO' no* [furptiie; Bttf^
BH>re particularly» (beeaoae the battel of Kiliyth'had beMllMd*
Upon so great odd6,> he Was much solicited^ Ay dbeo^iii' tfiier
conspiratoia in the overtlinM# of that amy»* buf ttkt txMfk iSb-'
efieot; nor is tbatyH (since he Mt it undlicoi^i^l^) knoifh

CO

409

MBMOIRS OF THE

to auy ScoUisb man alive, whether there were any oomuTmiiee
in it or no. lie was very trequent in hb devotions whibt he
was in prison, and exprest much more cheerfulnesse than he
had done at any time before since his being taken prisoner.
After he had endured these private batteries and assaults, with
« great deal of constancie, he was at last brought before a
publike auditorie to be sifted. The paritameuS had a litde
while before been called» for proclaiming the king, and order-
ing the afiairs of the kingdome ; whither he was brought, and
did appear, with a very unciismayed countenance, in a rich
mantle layd over with massie lace. His chief adversaries were,
the Idarquesse of Argyle, his known and inveterate enemie ;
Earl of Lowdon, the chaacellour of Scotland, of the same
name and faction ; Lothian Ker, a violent and a high* spirited
man ; Cassells, another of his adversaries, was gone in a com-
mission to the king. These of the nobilitie were most against
him. Of the gentrie, the Laird of Swinton, a potent man in
that parliament ; Sir James Stuart, provost of the citie of
Edinburgh» a man likewise in great esteem ; the Lord Hoptoo,
ft lord of thjb session, and president of the committee for exa-
minations, and severall others. But the whole assembly was
violent against him, neither could he be admitted to any place
there, that was not publikely invective against him. But a-
mongftt them all the ministers of Edinburgh in this strife car-
ried the honour» and of them» Mr Robert Trayle and Mr Muo*
go Law, two such venemous preachers, as no man that knows
t^^m can mention their names without detest* The first of
the two had been chaplain before to the Marquesse of Argyle»
and was his companion in his flight from the battle of Enner-
lochie» and now prisoner to the states of England. Many and
grievouf were the accusations layd to his charge. First, That
he had, by his pernicious insinuation, diverted the king from
the Gounsells of his well-wishing subjects. The introducing
the Irish into the bowells of the kingdome. The murther of
S9me particular persons. The utter spoyl and derasUtionof

HARQUI8 OF M0NTE08E* 409

tte Marqaesse of Argyle's lands, and the killing and destroy-
ing of divers well>affected people there, and that in cold blood.
The cruell usage of some ministers at his last landing. The
consplainers were there present, but could allege nothing, save
only that he had restrayned them from rayling. His transact-
ing with foreign states for the invasion of his native country,
and bringing in of foreigners now the second time, and that
without any known commission. His obstinate persecution of
all covenanters, against his own oath and engagement, and his
apostacie from his first principles. The marquesse, knowing
how much his defences would avail him, did not much labour
to dear himself, but answered all in geoeiall. For his inva*
sion they knew partly what authority he had ; for the rest, he
was sufficiently perswaded in his conscience, that he had
done nothing which he might not be answerable to God for,
as being in order to his master's commands, and to men too,
so he might have but an even and unprejudiced judicatorie.
Thus having been called once or twice before that high court
of judgement, where he answered so vigorously as was admi*
rable to all, he did at last receive his doleful! sentence, which
was accordingly executed upon him two dayes after, with all
the severitie and bittemesse that could be devised. There
was erected, iu the middle of the market-place, a large scaf-
fold, breast-high, in the midst of which was planted a gibbet of
extraordinary height. The marquesse having taken his rest
very kindly that night, next morning, recommending himself
to God once or twice took his breakfast very chearfully. The
bayLfls waited on him to the scaffold, where the whole people
of the city attended his comming at least two hourts before*
fie came uncovered all the way betwixt the scaffold and the
tolUbooth, and in the same rich mantle he had worn before.
Being come thither, he was much detayned with a great many
frivolous questions, of which parily the ministers^ jiartly those
whom the states suffered to be about him, desired to be satis-
fied. Hee made a short speech, in which he was often inter*

404^ MXKM9BS W Tim

rupto^, the tetKwv of which wai^ thAt hci VM mwl«4 )i( Wvi
conscHence for onghft he, haul cUmmc; io r«)6lHiw t^* wiMiye^ Tii9i
for his parti^cniar sias, (which «era tiifipit0y> \m hsA hi^ggr^
pardon earnestly of Godv and had* att^ in wvd hope I» ohlUMn> i^
Ifee freely forgarTa aU those whA had iought Ub o^99fllh«pw,
and fntrea«e^ti)eoharilBe of all the people to pny helkfovhim
and them. The nmktera» bccaaae- be was und«r tho senleiiee
of exeofnnunicalioD, refined toipm^i for him, aad» eviea cm tlw
Tery scadbld, w«re very bitten agai»b him». After he bad
about a quftrte? of an hoar preyed witb hia hat befoie hia
eyes, lie was ready to. go to. h'm mlfrnng^ wBeo his book and
declaralioR, and all other papers whichi he h^d publiahad in
his life, being tyed in a string' l^gelheti were Ifanged aboati bb
neck. Hit waa very eamesl that bemq^ht baie the llbsrty to
keep on his hat* It- waS' denyedi V»* rf<piestod' he m%ht haflre
the priviledgeto keep ht» oloak aboutibtm ; neither oouilthat
be graitled. Then, with a most nndaunted courage» he weol
up- to the top- of' (bat prodigioa» gibbet^ where, having fredy
pavdoBedthee^nculiioneiv he gave- ham thwe or fear pi^oei.of
goldv audenquired-of him how long he* should^ hang tberoi ha
tcMhian three hooray then conim«tiding<him> at. lIleupUfliagHif
hi» hands, to- tumble him ofor^ he was' accofdingly' thrast off
by* the weeping executioner. The whole people ga>i« a gene*
faH gfoaiH and< it was very observable^ that* even* those who^
at his first appearaace, had bitterly inveighed againsl hiasf
could Botr now abatain ffma. tears. TJs taid, that* Aegyla*i
«xpres^ont had something of gri^ in them, and iUfA Uhewbe
weep attbe.rehear8all of. hi» deaths (fbr he was not present al
tile exeoutioni)* Howsoever, they' were by- many called creoo*
diks feaan^ bow worthily I leave to others jedgemenli But I
am sure Uicre did in hi» sooi the Lord oPLome^ appear no
«Mb slgoi who neilhet had' so macb tenduncssc oP heart as* to
he sorry, noit so mnch patemall'wit as- to dissemble ; wha, eow
terlaining^hit new- bmde (4be Earl of Mnrray*» dinq(hter)> with
ihiawptctacK mocked and lasghed* in the midst of that weep-

HAUQjOn OP nSNTftME. 405

ing asaemblie ; an^, staying afterwards to see him heweu in
pieces, triumphed at every stroak which was bestowed upon
bis mangled body. Thus ended the life of the renowned roar-
quesse, though not his punishment, (if that can properly be
called a punishment which mens bodies suffer after death.)
For being cut down, without so much as any to receive his
falling corps, his head vim smitten ofi; hik arms by the shoul «
derSy and his leggs by the knees, and so put into severall boxes,
made for the purpose. The rest of bis body i^as by three tn
four porlers tarried out to the publiqae place of exeeiHioti,
callcd Ibe Borrow moore, answerable to that o^ Tybufti by
London, bat walled about, and there was it thrown into a
hole, where afterwards it was digged up by night, and the Hn-
nen in which it was folded stoln away. His head was fixed
upon the Toll4K>othy o?er against the EaA of Gowrie^s, with
an iron cross over it, lest by any of hb friends it sbouki have
been taken down, 'fhe rest of his parts were dispatched la
the most eminent places of the klngdome, to Sterling, Dundee^
niiasgow, Aberdene, which Were all taken down afterwards by
the English, or their permisision."

406 MBMOIBS OF THE

CHAP. VIII.

Character of the Marquis of Montrose, — Colonel Urry^ SjHh
tistoood of Dairsie, Sir Francis Hay^ and Colonel Sibbald^
all executed. — Captain Ckarteris^ notvoithstanding his com-
plying wth the ministry to save his lifey is also put to
death»

The death of the noble marquis was not bewailed
as a private loss» Jbut rather as a public calamitj ;
the greatest princes in Europe expressed no small
borrow for his unhappy end, and, indeed, we have
not had in this latter age a man of more eminent
parts either of body or mind. He was not very
tall, nor much exceeding a middle stature, but
of an exceeding strong composition of body, and
an incredible force, joined with an excellent pro-
portion and fine features. His hair was of a dark
brown colour, his complexion sanguine, of a quick
and piercing grey eye, with a high nose, somewhat
like the ancient sign of the magnanimity of the
Persian kings. He was a man of a very prince-
ly carriage and excellent address, which made
him be used by all princes for the most part
with the greatest familiarity ; he was a com-
plete horseman, and had a singular grace io

MAftftUIS OF MONTROSE. 407

riding. He was of a most resolute and undaunted
spirit, which began to appear in him, to the won-
der and expectation of all men, even in his child-
liood. * Whom would it not have startled to at-
tempt as he did, at his first entry into Scotland, a
journey wherein he could hardly escape being dis-
covered, all the passes being so laid for him ?
And even when he was known, and idmost made
public, yet proceeded in his intention. Nor
is it less wonderful, how, in so great a scar-
city of all things, when war in that country
is but tedious, even with the greatest plenty
it can afford, he could patiently endure so much
distress. A surprising instance of his address
and management, was his winning so much up-
on the affections of those Irish, who had no tie
to him, either of country, language, or religion ;
more especially when they wanted not all manner
of temptation that either their own miseries and
intolerable duty could suggest, or the wit and sa-
gacity of the enemy could invent, to make them
leave him and abandon the service; besides the
many examples of discipline shown upon them,
and their continual want of pay, either of which
accidents in an army is ground sufficient, and

* The house in which the marquis was born is still shoxyn
at Montrose; it is reroenibcrcd that the old Chevalier slept in
it the nigiiC before he escaped to France, 13th February 171^*

4p3 ^^imttM^r^a»

l^ 1^1) oA«n ^ Qvmw 4^ Witwf or dtafir#

^ffr fa^4 li^ Qql; aq e»?e))eiit ud nuture judge»
x^\\% fpr pF^idJQg ^4 c^no^niitg of hufiiness» init
H qwlcic ift^ n^JMly f4H>i^bftn«ioii in matters of pro-
sent dftRger, «4 «di»iqi«t^ripg spucdy aasiftenoe &
for th^j^ \V»gh wliicli wcHiid litve discgncertod
49ot)i9r m«li^'8 Hn^^r^ndrng» » sudden emergen*.
^i^ of ^bfil kin4 Q^n 4o, were oo more than a
ivb^t f^r upvr tQ bis wit wd ifigetiuii j. There are
YQany strft^geipy r^^rdf 4 in hivtory, which haw
jie^li pu| i)} praclifff is the heal of action, for re.-
fainii^g thf 497 vvl^n loat, or thought in danger
of h^ipg «Q ; ^ tlwt of Jugurthfit » valiant and po^
)it|c pnnfec wbp, iR the heat of a battle hetvixt
l^iin (^i^ M^ri^P th^ Rptnan eouiul, rade «p and
dowo t;hroHgh hw amy, showing hisUoodyswoid,
an4 #n9ilW ho had 4ain Marius with his own
ha^4 i whsrehy the Numidians were so much en-
¥puT«^d, |iii4 the Bwi^i» amaaed, that had not
3d[ariuf quicViy appeared» he had certainly lost the
diky. It is iikewifo reported of one of the Roman
«f^pfatiqs» that he threw bis standard into the inidst
pf the «n^my, that his own soldiers, by pressi^
fpl^af4 (0 fescue it, might break and disorder the
enemy. Another is said to have taken the bridles
from off' the horses' heads, that every man might
be alike valiant, and charge, as we say, without fear
or wit. But that device practised by the marqui
at the battle of Auldeme was not, in my opinion

11

MAM«0I8 OF IMimOSB. 409

ittferior.to any of these ; ibr, obiemng <me wing
of his iffmy routed, and the other in a staggering
oondition, he so iniasned that wing which was yet
whole with the feigned suoeess of the otiier, that
they Yaliaiitly charged the enemy» and reeorered
the in£i<{uality of the day ; which was not unlike
io that stratagem used by Tullus Hostilius, who»
when he was deserted by Metius King of the Al-
bans, tuLd his soldiers, that he had done it on pur-
pose to try them, and thereby turned their fear in*
to indignation.

He was exceeding constant and loving to those
who did adhere to him, and very afihble to such
as he knew; though his carrif^e, which indeed^
was not ordinary, made him seem proud : nor can
his enemies lay any greater fault to his eharge
thaa his insatiable desire of honour, which he pur-
sued with a train of the most splendid and heroic
actions, and such as had no mixture either of avarice
or self-interest, though he was branded for these
vices very unworthily by his enemies. For these
4UQd the other eminent virtues whereof he was pos-
sessed, he was lamented over all Christendom, by
all sorts of men; and since his death, even by
those very men who had the greatest hand in it,
though their success at that time animated their
cruelty.

But the tragedy was not yet full ; for Urry waa
the next in that bloody roll, who, pleading the be-
nefit of quarter and compassion, for having a great

410 MEMOIRS 07 THE

charge of children» thought thereby to have tasted
of the parliament's mercy ; but he was condemned
to lose his head upon the same spot. They had
been jealous of him formerly, when he was engaged
in their service against Montrose ; but could not
then produce any sufficient evidence of his trea«>
chery to them. The chief accusation with which
he was now charged was the last invasion with the
'marquis, and his formerly carrying arms against
them under Prince Rupert at Marston-moor.*
With him suffered young Spotiswood of Dairsie, a

* Lord Somerville, io the Meiuoirs of his Famil)', thus men*
tions the fate of Urry : — '* In anno 1650, Major-gexierall
Hurrie, (too laithlull to them whill he served ther interest,)
being made prisoner upon Montrose's defeat in the north bj
Strauchan» was senteuanced to perpetuall banishment by the
parliament, but the commissione of the kirk voted he should
die, and therupon sent ther moderator, with other two of ther
number, to the parliament house, who very saucilly, in face
of that great and honourable court, (if it had not been tlien a
body without a htad,) told the president and chancellor, that
the parliament had granted life to a man whom the Lord had
appoynted for death» being a man of blood, (citeing these
words of our blessed Saviour to Peter, *' All they that take
the sword shall perish by the swotd ; ") whereas it was very
Weill knouiie all the blood that that unfortunate gentleman
had shed in Scotland was in ther quarrell and defence, being
but then en«;adg(d in his master's service when he was taken
prisoner, and executed at the kirk's instigations

'' The parliament was soe farre from rebukeing ther bold in-
truders, or resenting those acts of the commissione of the
kirk^ (now quyte besyde ther master's commissione, as thev

6

MARQUIS OF H0KTR08E. 41 1

ccmiplete younf^ gentleman, and wortby of mercy»
had they been capable of showing any; being very
young, but of an excellent disposition, and of great
learning.

The next couple was Sir Francis Hay of Dal-
geCy, and Colonel Sibbald, than whom the nation
could not a£R>rd two persons more accomplished»
both in body and mind. The first, being a Roman

will have it understood, and ther oune solemne pnifeshiouey
not to meddle in secular afikirs,) that they rescinded their for-
mer act, and pas^^ed a sentence of death upon him, hereby
imitating ther dear brethren, the parliament of England,
in the caice of the Hothams. These, as weill as this poor
gentleman, had ther heads strucken off for the great services
they had done unto ther ungrate roasters. Several I iustances
of this nature I could give of the kirk's inHu'tint> over the
state, as in the caice of the old Marquis of lluntlie, whom
the parliament really intended noe farder to puni.>h then by
perpetuall imprisonement; but Argyle, the great patron ot the
Presbytereans, whill they wer in their infancie, (but now you
must understand they stood upon their oune leggs,) dt sigueing
to have his estate, he causes the coromissione of the kirk per-
emptorily demand his death of the parliament, which they
granted, fearing to offend their holynesses, that, by the brt ath
of ther mouth, could make them all malignant», and sue ex*
pose them to the envy ot the people, and ther oune i>corne;
thairfore it was that the parliament gave up thi» noble per*
sone, (now neer the eightieth year uf his a^e,) as a sacrifice lo
ther bloody zeall, but he was a papist and a malignant too in
ther account, that exonerated ther consciences, and pleased
the people for the tyme, that held the predictioues of ther
ministers as oracles."

4H

Cftt)ioIic in his wligioni tmd ^Atnbn not teomuig
witbiH the oomfiatt iJ^themmitenf pcayen^ trhk^
wt «peaking a wovd to my indf» Viit thrvftia^
some papers out of his pocket, took off hisdcnUat»
kissed the SAbI imfenimeiit» kneeled dofera^ aiftd re-
ceived the Uoir^ The other» with m lifede mm»
eoippoattffet «nSed^ and taiked a while to the liis-
onferly rabble about him ; * then, with an m^
daunted behaviour^ he marched up to the blocks as
if he had been to act the part of a gallant in a
play.

The end of the last man was somewhat comical»
though the poor gentleman lost his life. His
name was Captain Charteris, descended of an ho*
nourable and ancient family in this kingdom. The
ministers having dealt with him to acknowledge
his fault publicly, in order to deter all others from
it» which they could extort from none of his eora-
panions besides, though he was naturally resolute
enough, and a man of good sense and learning i
yet, partly by the persuasion of his friends, and
partly by the weakness occasioned by his wounds,
he agreed to their desire, and consented to make
a pablic declaration, in hopes that thereby his life
might be saved. With this conquest of conscience
the ministers came vaunting to the scaffold, to pro-
duce their great work to the common people ; and

^' ■• '"i -■.. , I.. I I r -

* See the speecb he intended to have spoken in the Ap*
pendix

MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. 413

he all the while suspecting nothing less than death,
made a long and tedious harangue to the people»
Mrhich the ministers had penned for him, in a very
mournful energetic strain, wherein he acknowledged
and bewailed his apbstasy from the covenant, and
other things which he had vented to them in auri-
cnlar confession : after which, in place of granting
him his life, as he expected» lest, like some of their
former converts, he should fall off from the princi-
ples which he had thus openly professed, they fair-
ly cut off' his head, and sealed his confession with
his blood, in the true tyrannical spirit of the bloody
Roman inquisition. The rest of the prisoners
being- either strangers, or such as had spent most
of their time in foreign services, were dismissed,
after granting bond never to enter this kingdom
again in a hostile manner.

APPENDIX.

No. L

The Manifesto of the Scots Army uohen they en*

tered Efigland in 1640, pubUsffted under the

Title of " Sijc Considerations of the Lawful*

ness of our Expedition into England manu

festedr

As from the b^inning till this time, we have attempt-
ed nothing presumptuously in this great work of re-
formation, but ha?e proceeded upon good grounds, and
have been led forward by the good hand of God $ so
now, from our own persuasion, are we ready to answer
every one that asketb us a reason of this our present ex-
pedition, which 18 one of the greatest and most notable
parts of this wonderful work of God ; beseeching all to
lift up their minds above their own particulars, and,
without prejudice or partiality, to lay to heart the con-
siderations following.

First, As all men know and confess what is the great
force of necessity, and how it doth justify actions other-
wise unwarrantable ; so it cannot be denied but we
must either seek our peace in England at this time, or
lie under the heavy burdens which we are not able to
bear.

1. We must maintain armies on the borders, and all
places nearest to hazard, for the defence and preserva-
tion of our country^ which, by laying down of anni, andl

416 APPENDIX.

disbanding our forces, should be quickly overrun by
hostile invasion» and the incursiions of our enemies.

2. We shall want trade by sea, which would not only
deprive the kingdom of many necessaries, bat utterly
undo our burghs, merchants, mariners, and many others
who live by fishingr amd by commodities exported and
imported, and whose particular callings are utterly made
void, by want of commerce with other nations and sea-
trude.

3. The subjects through the kingdom shall want ad-
ministration of justice $ and although this time past^ the
marvellous power and providence of God hath kept the
kingdom in order and quietness^ without any judicatortea
sitting, yet cannot this be expected for afterward, but
shall turn to cenfasion. Any one of the threey mack
more aU of thei^ pot together^ threaten us with most
certain ruin> unless we speedily use the remedy of shit
expedition. And this we say not from fear, out from
fbslmg s fbr we have already felt, to our unspeakable
prejudice, what it is to maintain armies, what to want
traffic, what to want administration of justice. And if
the beginning of these evils be so heavy,, what shaft the
growth and long continuance of them prove unto usi
So miserable a being all men would judge to be worae
than no being.

Secondly^ If we consider the nature and quality of
this expedition, it is defensive, and so' the more jouifir
able. For proof hereof» let it be remembered».

1. The king's majesty, misled by the crafty and crael
faction of our adversaries,, began this year's war, not
we. When articles of pacification had lieen the other
year agreed upon, arms laid down, forts and oastlea
rendered» an assembly kept, and concluded with the
presence and consent of his majesty's high commission*
eVf. the promised ratification thereof in paipliament (con-
trary to the foresaid articles) was denied unto us^ and
when we would have informed bis miyesty. by our com-
missioners, of the reasons and manner of our proceed-
iiigs, they got not so much as pvesanee or audience.
Thereafter his nuyes^ being content to hear them, be^
fere that they came to couit» or were beard,r war waa

X. APPENDIX. 417

concluded against us at the counciUtable of England,
and a ocNnmissioo given to the Earl of Northumberland
for that effect.

2. The parliaments of Ireland and England were also
coavocate, for granting subsidies unto this war against
U8, as is nottour ; plots have been hatched, and mifi-
tary preparations made against us $ many invasions by
sea» which have spoiled us of our ships and goods ;
men, women, and children, killed in Edinburgh by his
majesty's forces in the castle : our enemies, dierefore,
are the authors and b^inners of the war, and we de*
fenders only.

3. We intend not the hurt of others, but our own
peace and preservation $ neither are we to offer any in*
jury or vic^nce : and, therefore, have furnished our-
selves, according to our power, with all necessaries, not
to fight at all, except we be forced to it in our own de»
fem», as our declaration beareth.

4. We shall retire, and lay down arms, as soon as
we shall get a sure peace, and shall be satisfied in our
joat demands $ upon which ground even some of those,
who would seem the greatest royalists, hold the wars of
the Protestants in France against the king, and the fac-
tion of the Guisans, to have been lawful oefensive wars ;
because they were ever ready to disband and quiet
themselves, when they got assurance of peace and U*
berty of religion* Now this present expedition being
in the nature of it defensive, hence it appearetb, that it
is not contrary, but consonant to our former protestap-
tions, informations, and remonstrances $ in all which
there is not one word against defensive war in this
cause, but strong reasons for it ; all wbidi militate for
this expedition.

Our first informaUon sent to England this yea» , though
it accuseth all offensive or invasive war, yet «heweth
plainly, that, if we be invaded either by sea or land»
we must do as a man that fighteth himself out of pri*
son. If a private man, when his house is blocked up,
BO that he can have no Uberty of commerce and traffic
to supply himself and family, being also in continual
hazard of his life, not knowing when he shall be as-

Dd

4t^

l^ ^0B who lie ip wait against hiio»

^ i^^JJSJT/awfiilly s(ep forth with the forces

,^^f^J$ke, and fight himself free; of bow

^^^ ^(fiih h ^ whole natioi) i And hovr shall

r^M^f ^<? w^y of def<»ioe and Jiberatipn be ftl-

.^I^ nr/w»^ "****> ^"d disallowed to a whole n»-

^^^^

^^iird^Sf We are called to this expeditioo by that aame
w pro^n4^w and yoeatioo which batibi guided us
^^r^ in thi% great businesa» We #e^ the expe-
jS»W^^ it for the glory of God, for the good of the
%fxTchi for advancing the gospel, for our own peace:
^t^r se^iug of Godf and bagging light and direction
j^0fa heavePi our hearts are inclined to it ; God heth
given ps aeal and courage to proseoiite it» abUiiv and
opportunity for undertaking it, unanimous resolution
upon it, scruples removed out of minds where (hey were
harboured, ei.couragements to adlieve U froQl wany
passages of divine providence» apd namely from the
proee^ings of the last parliament in £i|gland» their
grievfinces and desires b^ng so bomogepi^l and akin to
ours ; we have laboured in great long suffering hj sup-
plications, infonnationa» commissions» and all other
^leans possible, to avoid this eKpecJition* It was not
premeditated nor affected by us^ God knows I but our
enemies have necessitated and redacted us unto it* and
that of purpose to sow the seed of national quarrels \
yet as God hitherto hath turned all their plots against
themselves» and to eftects quite contrary to those that
they intended, so are we hopeful tbat our eomiog into
£ngland, so much wished and desired by our adver-
saries for producing a national quarrel shall so far dis-
appoint them of tneir aims, that it shall link the two
nationa together in ttraiter and stronger bonds» both of
^ivil and Christian love, than ever belore.

And that we may see yet further evidences of a call-
ing from God to this voyage, ne may observe the order
of the JLord's steps and proceedings in this work of re-
formation. For, beginning at \Sb gross popery of the
service*boQk and borne of canons, he hath followed the
back-tread of our defection» till he hath reiooned the

I. APFXNDIX. 419

very fint and smafleBt novations whiob ent$nd in ihis
church. But ao it is, that this back-tread leadetb y^t
further, to the prelacy in England» the fountain vhenoi
all those Babylonish streams issue unto us ; the Lordi
therefore, is still on the back-tread, and we following
him therein, cannot yet be at a stay. Y», we trust
that he shall so follow forth this tread, as to clwe
home the beast and the false prophet to Rome, and
from Rome out of the world. Besides, this third con»
sideration resulteth from the former two ( for if this en-
pedition be necessary, and if it be defensive, then it M^
loweth inevitably, that we arc called unto it 2 for our
necessary defence is warranted, yea commanded, by tb^
law of God and nature, and we are oblig^ to it in our
covenant.

Fourthly, The lawfulness of this expedition appearetbt
if we consider the party against whom, which is not the
kiD^om of England, but the Canterburian faction pf
Papists, Atheists, Armipians, Prelates, the misleadexa
of the king^s majesty, and the common enemies of both
kingdoms. We persuade ourselves, that our brethn^
and neighbours in England will never be so evil advjsed
as to make themselves a party against us, by their de*
fence and patrociny of our eaemifBs among them ; as
sometimes the Benjaminites made themselves a party
against the Israelites, by defending the Gibeathites in
their wicked cause, Judg. xx. We pray God to give
them the wisdom of the wise woman in Abel, who»
when Joab came near to her city with an anny, found
out a way which both kept Joab from being an enemy
to the city, and the city from being an enen^y to hiay,
8 Sam. XX. As touching the provision and fumiture ^f
our army in England, it shall be such as Is used among
friends, not among enemies. The rule of humanity and
gratitude will tea^ them to furnish us with «ecessariep,
when as, beside the procuring of our own peace, we do
good offices to them. They detest, we know, the abnr-
lishness of Nabal, who refused victuals to DaVid and
his men, who had done them good and no evil, 1 Ssin.
XX., and the inhumanitv of the men of Soceotb and F^
nud, who denied breaa to Gideon's army» when he was

420 APPENDIX. I.

pursuing the common enemies of all Israel, Judg. ▼iii.
%\xt let the English do of their benevolence what hu-
manity and discretion will teach them ; for cur own
part, our declaration sheweth, that we seek not Tictuals
for nought, but for money or security ; and if this should
be refused, which we shall never expect, it were as
damnable as the barbarous cruelty of Edom and Moab^
who refused to let Israel pass through their country, or
to give them bread and water in any case, Numb. xx.
Judg. xi. ; and this offence the Lord accounted so inex-
Diable, that for it he accursed the Edumites and Moabites
nrom entering into the congr^ation of the Lord unto
the tenth generation, Deut. xxiii. S, 4>.

Fifthly, The fifth consideration concerneth the end
for which this vovage is undertaken. We have attested
the searcher of hearts, it is not to execute any disloyal
act against his majesty ; it is not to put forth a cruel
or vindictive hand against our adversaries in England,
whom we desire only to be judged and censured by
their own honourable and high court of parliament ; it
is not to enrich ourselves with the wealth of England,
nor to do any harm thereto. But, by the contrary, we
shall gladly bestow our pains and our means to do them
all the good we can, which they might justly look for at
our hands, for the help which they made us at our re-
formation, in freeing us from the French, a bond of
peace and love betwixt them and us to all generations.
Our conscience, and God, who is greater than our con-
science, beareth us record, that we aim altogether at
the glory of God, peace of both nations, and honour of
the king, in suppressing and punishing, in a legal way,
of those who are the troublers of Israel, the fire-brands
of hell, the Corahs, the Balaams, the Doegs, the Rab-
shakehs, the Hamans, the Tobiahs, and Sanballats of
our time $ which done, we are satisfied. Neither have
we b^un to use a military expedition to England, as a
mean for compassing thocse our pious ends, till all other
means which we could think upon have failed us ; and
this alone is left to us as ulHmum ei unicum remediumy
the last and only remedy.

Sixthly, If the Lord shall bless us in this our expe-

IX« APPENDIX. 421

ditioD, and our iatentioas shall not be crossed by our
own sins and miscarriage, or by the opposition of the
JSnglish, the fruits shall be sweet, and the effects com*
fortable, to both nations, to their posterity, and to the
reformed kirks abroad : Scotland shall be reformed, as
at the beginning; the reformation of England, long
prayed and pleaded for by the godly, thereby shall be,
according to their wishes and desires, perfected in doc-
trine^ worship, and discipline. Papists, Prelates, and
all the members of the antichristian hierarchy, with
their idolatry, superstition, and human inventions, shall
pack from hence ; the names of Sects and Separatists
shall no more be mentioned ; and the Lord shall be
one, and his name one, throughout the whole island ;
which shall \ye glory to God, honour to the king, joy
to the kingdoms, comfort to the posterity, example to
other Christian kirks, and confusion to the incorrigible
enemies.

No. II.

Two Letters from the King to Montrose, anno
1642, thanking him for his good sermceSt and
desiring the continuance qfthem.

Montrose,

TVs I think it fit, in respect of your suflerings for me,
by these lines to acknowledge it to you } so I think it
unfit to mention by writ any particulars, but to refer
you to the faithful relation of this honest bearer, Mungo
Murray ; being confident that the same generosity which
has made you hazard so much as you have done for
my seiTice, will at this time induce you to testify your
affection to me as there shall be occasion $ assuring
you that, for what you have already done, I shall ever
remain your most assured friend,

Charles R.

Windsor, 21th January 1642.

432 AFFKNDIX* ni.

Montrose,

I KNOW I need no armments to induce you to my
service. Daly and loyalty are sufficient to a man of so
much honour as I know you to be : Yet as I think this
of you, so I win have you to believe of me, that I wonid
not invite you to share of my bard fortune, if I intend-
ed you not to be a plentiful partaker of my good. The
bearer will acquaint you of my designs, Mom I have
commanded to follow your directions in the pursuit of
them. I will say no more, but chat I am your aasiired
iriend,

Charles R.

York, 7ih May 1842.

No. III.

A Letter from the Queen to Montrose, assuring
him qfher confidence and assistance.

MoN Cousin,
J'ai receu votre lettre, et par icelle vois que vous
croiez que les affaires en Ecosse sont en fort manvais
etat pour le ^rvioe du roy, et cek par ma nej^ence^
pour n'avoir pas eoout£ au proposibooa qui aiTmt ete
fait a mon arrive ; en cela j'ai suivi les oommandemens
du roi ; mais je crois encore que si les bons serviteurs
du roy veuiUe s'accorder ensemble, et ne perdre point
de temps, qu'ils peuvent prevenir tout le malheur qui
pourroit arrivcr de ce cot6 la : et pour moy, je contri<r
buerai de mon cot6 tout ce que jepuis;et lors queles armes
qui vlennent de Danemark seront arrive^s, que j'attens
tons led jours, si vous en avez besoin, vous en aurex,
comme aussi aucune autre assistance que je pourrai,
aiant toujour eu une tres grande confiance en vous et
en votre generosity, que je vous assure n'est point di-
minu6, quoique comme vous miserable j*ai oui que
vous aviez faitcs amitie avec quelque personnes qui me
pourroit fait apprehender } mais la confiance que j'ai en
vous, et Testime, ne pendra pas sur de si petites fonde-
mens que le commun bruit, ni sur une chose que si vdus

avez faite je Buis assar6 que ce n*est que pour le service
da roy : Croiez aussi que de mon cote je ne manquerai
pas a cd que je vous promii, et que je siHit et serai tpou-
jouTSy voire bie» bonne amie^

IIbnribtte Masus R.
Yorkf ce St May.

COUSIK»

I HAV£ received your letter, and see by it that you are
of opinion the kiog^s affairs in Scotland are in a very bad
condition, and that this is occasioned by my refusing to
hearken to the advice you gave me at my arrival i in this
I observed the king's orders, and am still persuaded thilt
all the mischief that can happen from that quarter may be
prevented by the king's good servants, if they, will agree
among themselves, and lose no time. For my own
part» I shall contribute all I can ; and when the arms
from Denmark come to hand, which I am expecting
every day, if you need any of them» you shall have
them $ as also any other assistance that is in my pow^ ,
having always had a great confidence in you and in
your generosity $ which I assure yon is not in the least
lessened, though I am under the same misfortune with
you, and have heard that you make up friendships with
Sttch as might make me apprehensive : But my confi-
dence and esteeito of you are not built on so slender
foundations as common talk is, nor can it be shaken by
such a step as this, which« if you have made, 1 am per-
suaded it was made with no other view but to serve the
king. You may be assured, that, for my part, I will
never fail of my promise to you % that I am, and always
shall be, your very good friend,

Henbietta Maria R.
York, Slsi Moff. •

* Though this letter has only the date of the months and not of
the vear, it is oertaiB that it was written in the 1643 ; for the queen
landed at Burlington^ in Yorkshire, in the end of Fehruaiy duU
year, and afterwards went to York, where Montrose advised ner to
crush the covenanters in the bud ; but she was not so lucky as to
ibllow his advice» See the 3S</, 34M, and SSth pages qf the Bif-

4{M AFPENDJX. IV*

No. IV.

The King^s Commission to the Marquis qf Mon-
trose to be Lieutenant-Governor^ and General
qfdU his Majesty's Forces in Scotland.

CHARLES R.
Charles, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain,
France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c To oar
right trusty and right entirely beloved cousin, James
Marquis of Montrosr», greeting. Whereas divers trar-
tors and seditious persons, of our kingdom of Scotlandf
have levied war against us, and, to the maniiest forfaiil-
ture of their allegiance, and the breach of the act of p»»
cification, lately made between the two kingdoms, have
invaded our kingdom of England, and possessed them-
selves in divers places therein, to the great dtsturbanee
of our peace, and the destruction and spoil of our peo-
ple i and yet further, if no course be taken by us to
prevent that, intend to make a new invasion upon this
our kingdom, and bring in forces for the assistance of
the rebels here. Know ye therefore, that we, reposing
especial trust and confidence in your approved wisdom,
courage, fidelity, and great ability, whereof you have
given hitherto most extraordinary and undeniable proof,
do, by these presents, name, constitute, ordain, and
authorise you, the said James Marquis of Montrose^ to
be our lieutenant-governor, and captain-general of all
our forces, raided, or to be raised in our kingdom of Scot-
land, and of, and over all others brought, or to be
brought thither out of our kingdoms of England and Ir^
land, or from any part whatsoever. And we hereby give
you power and authority to raise and levy forces, meet
and apt for the wars, within all the parts of our said king-
dom of Scotland, and to command and enjoin the
sheriff-lieutenants, magistrates of cities and towns, and
all others having power and authority under us, within
every several county of our said kingdom, to send, or
cause to be sent unto you, such number of our said sub-
jects apt and meet for the war, to such place or places,
and at such time as you shall think expedient. And

IV. APPENOIX. 425

^we do forther, by these presents, give you full power
and authority to put in readiness toe persons so by you
raised, or to be raised, leTied, or assembled, sent, con-
ducted, or brought unto you and them, from time to
time» to arm, lead, and conduct against all and singular
enemies, rebels, and traitors, and every of their adhe*
rents, attempting any thing against us, our crown and
dimity, within any part of the said kingdom ; and
the saids enemies, rebels, and traitors, to invade, pur-
sue, repress, and, in case of opposition or resistance, to
slay, kill, and put to execution of death, by all ways
and means, according to your good discretion ; and to
do, fulfil, and execute all and singular other things,
which shall be requisite for the levying, conducting, and
government of our said forces ; particularly to make,
constitute, and ordain laws, ordinances, and proclama*
tions from time to time, as the case shall require, for the
^^ood government and order of all the forces that are, or
shall be under your command ; and the same also, and
every one of them to cause to be duly proclaimed, per-
fornied, and executed. And likewise to punish all mu«
tinies, tumults, rapines, murders, and all other crimes
and misdemeanours of any person under your command
in your army, according to the course and custom of the
wars and laws of the land. As also for us, and in our
name, as you in your discretion shall think fit, to save
such as you please of these traitors, rebels, and offend-
ers, as shall be apprehended or brought into prison,
and make tender of our royal grace and pardon to such
of them as shall submit to us, and desire to receive our
mercy. And further, we do give unto you full power and
authority, for the better execution of this our commis-
sion, to appoint and assign all commanders and officers
necessary and requisite for the government and com-
mand of our said forces, and to command all cities,
towns, castles, and forts within our said kingdom of
Scotland, to place governors and commanders within
the same, and to remove, displace, or continue such as
are in any of them already, according as you shall think
meet for the good of our service, and safety of that our
kingdom* And our further will and pleasure is, and

4/S6 APFBNmX. XT.

we do by these presents gm unto yod fciU power and
AOthority, not only to repress and subdue suck as are
in arms against us within our said kingdom of Scotland,
bnt abo to advance your forces into such parts of oar
kingdom of England, or any other of oui^ dominions as
are infested and oppressed by any of onr Scottish sutgects»
yready broiifffat» or hereafter to be brought in for as-
sisting the rebels of this kingdom ; and there to pursue .
and beat out of such towns, castlesi and forts, as th^
have got possession of, without any part of our said
kingdtan of England, pr other our dominions ; to re»
cover the same for our use, and to relieve and free oar
English subjects, and others, from the heavy yoke that
by that means lieth upon them. And because of the
ample testimony you have given usof vour singular wis»
dom and fidelity, in the ordering and disposiog of our
great and weighty affairs hitherto, to the end you may
reward and encourage such as have given, or shall give
assistance unto you towards the advancement of our ser*
vice; we do hereby give unto you full power and aatfaori*
ty, from time to time, to confer the title, degree, and bo«>
nour of knighthood upon such person, either natives or
others^ employed under your charge and command,
whom you in your discretion shall conceive fit to receive
the same ; and whatsoever yoU shall do herein, accord*
ing to the true intent and meaning of these presents, we
dt> for us, our b^irs and successors, ratify and confirm
upon the great trust and confidence which we repose in
you, that ye will make sudi use of tbi» power giveA to
you as may best conduce to the advancement of our
service and honour. Wherefore, we will and Command
you, our said lieutenant-governor, with all diligence du-
ly to execute the premises with effect And whatsoever
you shall do by virtue of this our coraaiissioo, and ac*
cording to the tenor and effect of the same, touching
the execution of the premises, or any part thereof, you
shall be for the same discharged by these presents in
that behalf against us, our heirs and successors* And,
therefore, we will and command all and singular onr
subjects within our said kingdom of Scotland, of what-
somever degree and quality, whether ndbiemen, gende-

mcnt borgessefl^ magictrates in the coantiy or towns»
privy counsellors» officers of stale ntfiitant» commanders
and soldiers» to whom it shall afspertain, that diey» and
every one of them» shall be» from time to time» attend»
ant» aiding» assisting» Itad helpina to yon, and at the
eommandnient of you» As aforesaid» in the due exeeotioa
liereof ; and that they diligendy aad faithfully perfinr»
and esecnte snch commands at you shall» from time to
time» give them for our service» as they and every of
tbem tender our dis|4eanire» and will answer the con^
trary at their utmost perils. And these presents shall
have continuance during our pleasure» and ever while
they be expressly revoked by us. Given under our sim
manual and privy signet, at our court at Hereford, the
twenty-6fth of June 1645» andof our reign the one and
twentietb.

No. V,

A Letter from the Marquis of Montrose to Pre-
sident Spotiswood. *

GooDE President»

At our arryval heir, beins inocrtane of all busynes, I

directed alongs Cornell Cochran to my Lord Nencastei^

to leame the conditiooe of aflhires, and inferme him par^

ticularly of what he had to expect ^ which necessarly

occasions our stay heir for some days. His retume to

ns was» that for supplves he could dispence non for the

present ; for monyes he had non» neither wes he oueing

my Lord Oerminc any ; for armes and amunition he

hade not to the two parts of his armie ; hot had been

so long expecting from beyonde sea, as he wes now out

of hopes ; so this is the termes we stand on. However

shice it is so» et non putarem ; for we resolved with it»

although we expected better ; it shall be no matter of

* From the origiiui} in the custody of John Spotiswood <^Tliaf
Ilk» £8%. icbtiagw Chsp. UI. p. SQ, 53, &c.

428 APPENDIX. YU

discouragement to vithhould U8 from doeing our best
To-morrow we are to goe to the army, which is lookt
dayly to fight ; bot I hope we shall come in tyme to
beare them witness. Argyle, upon the rumor of oar
comingy is returned to Scotland in heast, to prepaire
against us there ; bot we intend to make all possible
dispatch to follow him att the heels in whatsoever pos-
ture we can. So this is all I can shou you for the pre-
sent ; bot as farther occurs, you shall from time to time
know it by your most affectionatt and faithfuU senrant
to serve you,

MONTROSB.

York, March 13, 1644k

P. S. I much admyre my cossing Sir Williame Flem-
yng's stay, and am heartely sorry both for the busines
and himself; bot I know its non of his fault Let this,
I pray* remember me to all friends, and entreat yon
would keep particular goode intelligence with them all»
and chiefly Mr Porter. For the general), be pleased to
lett him know still all generals, and make your fitting
use.

No. VI.

Sir Robert Spotiswood's Letter to Lord Diglnf,
wrote by htm before the Battle of PhiUphaugh^
and found in his pocket when he was made pri'
soner.

Mt Lord,
We are now arrived ad columnas Haxulis^ to Tweed-
side, dispersed all the king's enemies within this king*
dom to several places, some to Ireland, most of them
to Berwick; and had no open enemy more to deal
with, if you had kept David Lesly there, and not sufier*
ed him to come in here, to make head against us of new.
It is thought strange here, that at least you have sent
no party after him, which we expected ; although he
should not come at all. You little imagine the difficul-

VI. APPENDIX. 429

ties my Lord MiEirquis hath here to wrestle with ; the
overcoming of the enemy is the least of them $ he bath
more to do with his own seeming friends ; since I came
to faim» (which was but within these ten days, after much
toil and hazardi) I have seen much of it. He was forc-
ed to dismiss his Highlanders for a season, who would
needs return home to look to their own affairs. When
they were gone. Aboyn took a caprice» and had away
with him Sxe greatest strength he had of horse ; not-
withstanding whereof he resolved to follow his work*
and clear this part of the kingdom (that was only rest»
ing) of the rebels that had fled to Berwick, and kept a
bustling here. Besides, he was invited hereunto by the
£arls of Roxburgh and Home, who, when he was with-
in a dozen of miles of them, have rendered their houses
and themselves to David Lesly, and are carried in as
prisoners to Berwick. Traquair hath been with him»
and promised more nor he hath yet performed. AU
these were great disheartenings to any other but to himg
whom nothing of this kind can amaze. With the small
forces he has presently with him, he is resolved to pur-
sue David Lesly, and not suffer him to grow stronger. If
you would perform that which you lately promiseo, both
this kingdom and the north of England might be soon
reduced, and considerable assistance sent from hence to
his majesty ; however, nothing will be wanting on our
parts here ; these that are together are both loyal and
resolute s only a littlo encouragement from you (as much
to let it be seen that they are not neglected, as for any
thing else) would crown the work speedily. This is all
I have for the present, but that I am your Lordship's
most faithful friend.

Ho. Spotiswood.
Doled near to Kelso, 7
Sept. 10, 1645. 5

4S0 APBZvmx. vit.

No. VII.

The Last Speech of Sir Robert Spotisroood, in-
tended to have been spoken by him at his Execu*
Hon.

You will expect to hear from me, somewhat of the
cause for which I am brought hither at this time to suf-
fer in this kind $ which I am bound to do, for clearing
the integrity of mine own proceedings, vindicating his
majesty's just and pious intentions, and withal to unde>
ceive you that are muzzled in ignorance, and made to
believe, that you are tied in conscience, to set forward
this unnatural rebellion, masked under the cover and
pretext of propagating religion, aud maintaining of pub-
lic liberty.

You have perceived by the fact which hath ^one be»
fore, viz. tearing of my arms, &c. that I stand nere ad-
judged to die by this pretended parliament, as a traitor
.to the states, and enemy to mv native country. This is
a treason unheard of before m this kingdom ; against
the states, a thing of a new creation» which, I believe»
there be some would have erected in opposition to the
just and lawful authority of the king, under which we
and our predecessors have been so many hundreds of
years governed.

To come to the particulars of my treasonable demean-
our, as they esteem it, the main one is, that I did bring
down a commission of lieutenancy from his majesty to
the Lord Marquis of Montrose, with a proclamation for
indicting a parliament by the king's authority, wherein
the Lora Marquis was the commissioner. Not to excuse
myself upon the necessity laid upon me to obey his ma-
jestv's command in a business of that nature, in regard
of the charge I had about him ; I cannot so far betray
mine own conscience^ as to keep up from you my judg^
ment of the thins itself} seeing it may both tend to the
justifying of the king's part, and your better informa-
tion, for kck whereof» I know many are entangled in

this rebellioxi uowittiiigly i »nd who knowffb bat Gedt
in hU merciful providence, hath brought us bitherf tp bp
the instrument» of freeing you from the mwifold ddkn-
sions that are maiie use of to ensnare you.

I say, then, it was just and necessary to his migesty
to grant such commissioos, and, by consequence» an aqt
of duty in me to perform what he was pieased to co»^
maud me.

It is known well enough what contentment bis ma-
jesty gave to the kingdom at bis last being here, both ip
the fi^irs of church and policy ; notwithstanding where-
of, tbe world seeth what meeting he hath got from us.
When this rebellion first burst out in England, all that
be desired of us was only to stand neutral, and not to
meddle between him and his subjects tb^re. Of which
moderate desire of his little reckoning was made. But»
PD the contrary, at the request of these rebels, by the
power of their faction amongst us, an army was raised
and sent into England, to iissist tbam against their own
native king»

His majesty being reduced to this extremity, what e:^-
pedient could be find so fair and easy, as to make use
of tbe help of such of his loyal subjects as he knew bad
auch unparalleled disloyalty in horror and detestation ?
Aaiongst whom, that matchless mirror of all true worth
and nobility, the Lord Marquis of Mcmtrose, having o&
fered himself,it pleased his majesty to give him a subaltern
commission first $ which he having executed with such
unheard of success, that his memory shall be had in ho-
nour for it, ip all ages, his majesty, ibr tbe better fur-
thering ot his own service, and to countenance and en-
courage him th^ more in it, gave an absolute one, and
independent, thereafter i which is that I delivered into
his bands, by his majesty's command. Here withiil,
his majesty, pitvtng the miseries of this poor kingdom,
occasioned by the rebellious stubbornness of a few fac-
tious spirits, thought fit to give a power to the said Lord
Marquis to c^U a parliament in his own name, to try if
by that means a remedy might be found agMnst the pr^
sept evils*

And in 1^1 tbisj I s^ not what can be justly charged

4Se APPENDIX. vn.

upon his majesty» or upon roe his servant, who have
done nothing against any authorized law of the kingdom,
bat have served him fmthfullyy unto whom by trust and
natural allegiance I owe so much.

Whereas I am declared an enemy to my native coun-
tfy, God be so propitious to me, as my thoughts to-
wards it have been always public» and tending to the
good and honour thereof. 1 profess, since I had the ho-
nour of that noble marquis's acquaintance, I have been
a favourer of his designs, knowing them to be both loyal
and honourable. Besides, that 1 know his affection to
his country to be eminent, in this especially, that he did
ever shew himself passionate to vindicate the honour of
this kingdom, which suffered every where, by the strange
combination of this with the rebels of another country
and kingdom against their own prince; wherein I con-
curred in judgment wiih him, and thought there was
no other way to do it, but by setting up a party of true
and loyal hearted Scotsmen for his majesty ; whereby
it might be seen, that it is not a national defection» but
only stirred up by a faction there, which, for their own
ends, have dishonoured their native kingdom, and dis-
turbed the peace thereof; in enterprising and pursuing
of which heroical design, God hath so favoured that no-
ble lord, that he hath righted our country in the opi*
nion of all the world, and discovered where the rotten-
ness lietb.

Thus far I am contented to be counted a traitor in
their opinion that have condemned me, being fully as-
Mred, that God, the righteous judge of all, who knoweth
the uprightness and integrity of my intentions, will im-
pute no fault to me on this kind ; since, to my know-
ledge, I have carried myself according to the direction
of his word, and the practice of all good Christians, be
fore these miserable times we are fallen into. My ex-
hortation, therefore, (which, coming from me at the
point I am at, will, I hope, have some weight,) shall be
this unto you, that you will break off your sins by re-
pentance; and, above all, free yourselves of that master
sin of rebellion that rcigneth in this land, whereunto
most part are either forcol or drawn unawares ; espe-

6

vm. ABVKoaa. 4SS

dallT at the instigatbn of those who should have direGt*
ed them in the way of troth.

It cannot be hot a great judgment upon a land, when
God's singular mercies towards it are so little valued.
He hath not given us a king in his wrath ; but one who/
for piety, bcmnty» and all virtues both Christian and rao->
ral, may be a patron to all princes. But how little
thankful we are to God for so great a blessing, our re-
spect towards him doth manifest* Yet, I fear, there is
a greater judgment than this upon it, which occasions
all the mischiefs that afflict this poor land» such as was
sent upon Achab. God hath put a lying spirit in the
mouths of the most part of your prophets, who, instead
of the doctrine of salvation, labour to draw their hearts
into the condemnation of Corah.

Crod Almiahty look upon this miserable church and
kingdom, and relieve you of that intderable servitude
you lie under ; which, as I do heartily wish for on your
behalf, so let me have the assistance of your prayers,
that God would be pleased to pardon all my sins in Je«
sua Christ, and gather ray soul with saints and martyrs
that are gone to their rest before. So I bid the world
and you fareweL

No. VIII.

Sir Robert SpotiswootTs Letter to the Marquis of
Montrose^ wrote by him the day before his Exe^
cution.

My Noblb Lobd,
You will be pleased to accept this last tribute of my
service, this people having condemned me to die for my
loyalty to his mqesty, and the respect I am known to
carry towards your excellence, whi<:h» I believe, hath
been the greater cause of the two of my undoing. Al-
ways, I hope, by the assistance of God's grace, to do
more good to the king's cause, and to the advancement
of the service your excellence bath in hafid» by my death,
than pet'haps otherwise I could have done, being living ;

RC

434 APPENDIX. IX.

for all tbe rabs and clMcoaragemenU I perceive your
excellence hath had of late, I trust you will not be dis-
heartened to ^o on, and crown that work you did so
filoriously begin, and had achieved so happily, if you had
not been deserted in the nick. In the end God will
surely set up again his own anointed, and, as I have been .
confident from the beginning, make your excellence a
prime instrument of it One thing I must humbly re-
commend to your excellence, that, as you have done
always hithertill, so you will continue, by tair and gentle
carriage, to gain the people's aiFection to their princCf
rather than to imitate the barbarous inhumanity of your
adversaries, although they give your excellence too great
provocations to follow their example.

Now, for my last request, in hope that the poor ser«
vice I could do hath been acceptable to your excellence,
kt me be bold to recommend the care of my orphans to
you» that when God shall be pleased to settle his majes-
ty ill peace, your excellence will be a remembrancer to
him in their Oehalf i as also in behalf of my brother's
house, that hath been, and is mightily oppressed for the
same respect. Thus being forced to part with your ex-
cellence, as I lived, so I die, your Excellency's most hum-
ble and faithful servant,

Ro. Spotiswood.

SI AudrewVCastle, \
Jan. 19, 1646. 3

For the Lord Marquis of Montrose his Excellence.

No. IX-

Three Letters from the King^ when he was with the
Scots Army at Newcastle^ to the Marquis qf
Montrose^ containing his Orders to the Mar-^
qtus Jor disbanding his Forces, and going to
France^

Montrose»
I AM in such a condition as is much fitter for relation
than writing, wherefore 1 refer you to this trusty bearer

IX. APPENDIX. 435

Robin Ker, for the reaaons and manner of my coming
to this army ; as also what my treatment hath been since
I camet and my resolutions upon my whole business:
This shall, therefore, only give you positive commands^,
and tell you real truths, leaving the why of all to this
bearer. You roust disband your forces, and go into
France» where you shall receive my further directions.
This at first may justly startle you, but I assure you,
that if, for the present, I should offer to do more for
you, I could not do so much, and that you shall always
find me your most assured, constant, real, and faithful
friend,

Charles R.
Newcastle^ Maif 19, 1646.

Montrose,
I ASSURE you, that I no less esteem yonr willingness
to lay down arms at my command, for a gallant and real
expression of your zeal and affection to my service, than
any of your former actions ; but I hope that you can-
not have so mean an opinion of me, that, for any par-
ticolar or worldly respects, I could sufier yon to be ruin-
ed. No, I avow that it is one of the greatest and truest
marks of* my present miseries, that I cannot recompense
you according to your deserts; but, on the contrary,
must yet suffer a cloud of the misfortune of the times to
hang over you \ wherefore I must interpret those ex*
preraons in your letter concerning yourself, to have on-
ly relation to your own generosity ; for you cannot but
know that they are contrary to my unidterable resolu-
tions, which, I assure you, i neither conceal nor mince,
for there is no man who ever heard me speak of you
that is ignorant that the reason which makes me at this
time send you out of the country, is, that you may re-
turn home with the greater glory, and, in the mean
time, to have as honourable an employment as I can put
upon you. This trusty bearer, Robin Ker, will tell you
the care I have had of all your friends and mine, to
whom albeit I cannot promise such conditions as I
would, yet they will be such as, ail things considered,
are most fit for them to accept ; wherefore, I renew my
former directions of laying down arms unto you, desir-

4S6 APPENDIX. m.

ing you to let Hantly, Crawfurd, Airly, Scafortb, and
Ogilvy know, that want of time hath made me now omit
to raterate my former commands unto them, intending
^t this shall serve for aU ; assuring them, and all the
rest of my friends, that, whensoever Ood shall enable
•me, they shall reap the fruits of their loyalty and affec-
tion to my service. So I rest your most assured, con-
atant, real, faithfol friend,

Chablbs B.
NewcasiU^ June \5, 1646.

Montrose,

The most sensible part of my many misfortunes is, to
see my friends in distress, and not to be able to help
them ; and, of this kind, you are the chief; wherefore,
according to that real freedom and friendship which is
between us, as I cannot absolutely command you to ac-
cept of unhandsome conditions, so I must tell you, that
I l)elieve your refusal will put you in a &r worse estate
than your compliance will. This is the reason that I
have told this bearer, Robin Ker, and the commission'
ers here, that I have commanded you to accept of Mid-
dieton's conditions, which really I judge to be your best
coarse, according to this present time, for, if this oppor-
tunity be let slip, you must not expect any more treaties ;
in which case^ you must either conquer all Scotland, or
be inevitably ruined. That you may make the clearer
judgment what to do, I have'^sent you here inckised the
chancellor's answers to your demands; whereupon, if
you find it fit to accept, you may justly say I have com-
.manded you ; and, if you take another course, you can-
not expect that I can publicly avow you in it, until I
shall be able, which God knows how soon that will be,
to stand upon my own feet ; but, on die contrary, seem
to be not well satisfied with your refusal, which I find
clearly will bring all this army upon you, and then I
shall be in a very sad condition, such as I shall rather
leave to your judgment, than sec^k to express ; however,
you shall always find me to be your most assured, real,
/constant, fiiithful friend, .

Chixlbs a.

NiWcasOe, July 16, 1646.

X. appendix;

4S7

P* 8. Whatsoever yon may othefwiae hear, ihia w
truly ray seDse, which I have Tentured freely unto you
wiihoiit a cypher, because I perceive this to be coup de
partie.

No. X.

A Letter from the King to the Marqvis of Mofii-
trosCf congratulating him on his safe Arrival in
the Law Countries^ after disbanding his 4^^^»
and recommending Mm to the Queen.

MoNTUOSE,

Having no cypher with you» I think not fit to write
but what I care not though all the world read it. First,
then, I congratulate your coming to the Low Countries,
hoping, before th», that ye are safely arrived at Paris ;
next, I refer you to this trusty bearer for the knowledge
of my present condition, which is such, as ail the direc->
lions I am able to givie you is, to desire you to dispose
of yourself as my wife shall advise you, knowing that she
truly esteems your worth, far she is mine, and I am
your most assured, real, faitbhil, constant friend,

Charles R.

NeUDcajile, Jan. 21, 1646-7,

A Letter from the Queen to the Marquis^ thanking
hmJoT his past services.

MoN Cousin,
Aussi-TOT que j'ai appris votre arrived en HoIIande,
je vous ai voulu faire cette Icttre, pour vous donner tou*
jours des assurances de la continuation de I'estime que
j*ai des ser\uce8 que vous avez rendu au roy mon
seigneur. Je ne fais point de doute de la continuation,
lorsque vous le pourrez ; vos actions m'en ont donn^
trop evidentes preuves pour en douter; comme aussi
j'espere que vous croyez, qu'il n'y a rien qui puisse etre
en mon pouvoir pour vous en faire paroitre mes resenti-

438 APPENDIX. Z.

mens que je ne faase. J'ai chargd Ashbaraham de vous
parler plus particuUerment de quelque chose pour le
service du roy ; me remittans a lui, a qui vous pooves
prendre entiere confiance ; je finirai avec cette assurance
encore, que je suis tres entierement, Mon Cousin» Totre
affectione^ cousine, et coostante amie»

Henrieta Maria IL
PariSf cel5 Man 164?7.

Cousin,

So soon as I heard of your arrival in Holland, I re-
solved to write this letter, assuring you, that I stiU very
much value the service you have done the king my hus-
band. I am persuaded you will continue your faithful
service to the utmost of your power. Your actions have
afibrded such plain proofs of your fidelity and zeal, that
I cannot doubt of them ; and I h(^ you will believe
that I will do all that is in my power to shew you my
grateful sense of your good services. I have ordered
Ashbumham to speak more particularly with you, of
something that concerns the king*8 service. Referring
you to him, in whom you may entirely confide, I con-
clude with this further assurance, that I am entirely, *
Cousin, your affectionate cousin, and constant fricaid,

Henbieta Maria R,

Paris^ March 15, 1647.

* This letter plainly refen to what is rehited in p. 277, and
following pag6s of this history, when Ashbumham was sent to
Montrose on his way to Paris, to dissuade him from going
forward ; for the Lord Jermyn and the Presbyterians were
afraid that the queen, by embracing Montrose's sdvice, would
break their measures.

XI. APPENDIX. 4S9

No. XL

A Letter from the Queen to the Marquis^ en*
couragmg him in the resolution qfavenging the
King's Murder.

MoN Cousin,
AiANT receu votre lettre par Pooleyt et par icelle veu
lea assurances de la continuation de votre affection pour
le service du roy, monsieur mon fils, comme vous avez
toujours eu pour celuy du feu roy, mon seigneur, dont
le meurtre commis en sa personne doit auraienter a tons
sea serviteurs la passion de chercher tousles moyens de
se revancher d'une mort si abominable; et comme je
ne doute point que vous ne soyes bien aise d'en avoir
les occasions, ct que pour cet effet vous ne fassies toutce
qui dep^ndra de vous ; je vous conjure done de vouloir
vous joindre avec tons ceux de votre nation qui vou-
droient resentir comme ils doivent cette mort, et.oublier
tout ce qui sVst pass^ entre vous ; c'est tout ce que j'ai
a VOU9 recommander, et de me croire avec autant d'as-
surance comme je suis en effect, et serai toujours, Mon
Cousin^ votre bien bonne et affcctionee cousine et

Henri ETA Maria R,
Paris f ce 10 Mars 1649.

Cousin,
I HAVE received your letter by Pooley, and in it as*
surance, that you continue the same good affection to
serve the king my son, which vou have always had
for the late kingmy husband. The murder committed
in his person must necessarily increase the pa^tsion of
all his servants to be avenged on his enemies, who were
guilty of the abominable crime of his death. And
as I doubt not but you will be well pleased that an op-
portunity offer for this, and that you will do all in your
power for effectuating it ; I conjure you to join with all
your countrvmen, that would shew a just resentment
of this murder, and forget all the differences that have
been formerly among you. This is all I have to recom-

440 APPENDIX. xir«

mend to you at present» and to believe me to be» as
much as I really am» and always shall be» * Cousin,
your very good and a&ctuxiate cousin and friend,

HsNEiBTA Maria R.
Paris^ March 10^ 1649.

No. XII.

Tfus and the sis following Letters are now for the
Jirst time printed^ from the Archives of tike noble
Fanuly of Seaforth.

CHARLES R.
Trusty and wel-bcloved, we create yon well. We
are so fully informed of the loyuiy and good affection
which you have constantly expressed to the king» our
late father» of blessed memory, and to us» that we
are willing» upon this occasion» to returne you our thank-
full acknowledgement thereof; and we assure you that
we shall alwayes remember it, to the advantage of your-
self and your friends» who have concurred with you
therein ; and we intreate both you and them to continue
the same good affection to us and our service» until we
shall have meanes and opportunity to give you and your
friends such further incourageroent as shall be necessa-
ry } which we expect and intend to doe with all conve-
nient speede ; and» in the meane time» we referre you and
i^our friends to such further information of our particu-
ar desires» to you and them» as you shall receive from
our right trusty and right intirely beloved cousin» James
Marquis of Montrose, witli whom we entreate you to
hold correspondence hereafter for our service.
Given under our signet^ at Haghe,
the 12 day ofAprUl 1849» and
the first yeare of our retgne.
[Directed]
To our trusty and wet-beloved Thomas M^ckeiny, Esq»
Laird of Pluscardin .

* This letter seems to point at tiie differences that always sub-
sisted between Montrose and theHamiltonian or Presbyterian party.

XIT. APPENDIX. 441

CHARLES R.

Teusty and wel-belovedf we greete you well The
many testimonies that you and your friends have former*
ly given of your loyalty and good affection to the king,
our late father» of blessed memorie, and the condition
you are now in, are sufficient arguments to us to rely
and depend confidently upon you in all things that con-
cerne our service in that kingdome of Scotland $ and be-
cause our right-trusty and right well-beloved cousin, the
Earie of Seafort, hath, since his coming hither, given us
full assurance of his faithfullnes and integrity, we con«
ceive his concurrence with you in that worke you have
in hand will be nccessarie for our service, and for the
advantage of your nndertakinffs. In the meane time,
we desire you to take care of all the concernments of
our said cousin, both publique and private ; and, as we
are truly sensible of the loyalty which yourselfe and your
friends have expressed, and the losses which our said
cousin, and you and they, have sustayned for our ser-
vice, so, whenever it shaJl be in our power, we shall not
faile to contribute all we may for your just reparation for
the losses you have already sustayncd, or shall hereafter
sustayne, for our service. And that we may hereafter,
vpon all occasions, communicate our desires and inten-
tions to you, we entreate you to receave the same from
our right trusty and right intirely beloved cousine the
Marques of Montrose, and from our said cousine the
Earle of Seafort.

Given under our signeit, at the Haghe,

the 3d dai^ of June 1649, and in the

first yeare oftmr nigne.

[Addressed as the preceding.]

My Lord, G(4tenberg^ \5 December 1649.

I AM sory I heave not had so many occasions as I wold
to express unto you the joy I heave of ail yr honorable
and freindly cariages, both concerning pubfick and pry-
vatt, which I assure yr Ip. is no less contentment to your
friendes, and satisfaction to all honest men, (eviue those
who know you not,) then it is happynes for yrself. I
pray God give joy to preferr so vertuos and honorable a

442 APPENDIX. XII.

tract, and be sear I shall be no longer happy then I be
not thankful! for the nobell obligations I owe you. I am
so prest (being to sett sayle to-morrow for Scotland) as
I can say littell more, only I must yr 1. a thousand
thanks for yr favours and kyndness, to yr servaqd Mr
James Woode, which I humbly intreat you continue,
and I will not feale, if I heave a lyfe, to caus returne
what you ar pleased to doe to any of yr servands.

I will say no more, but that I shall live or dye, my
Lordi yr L. most faithfull cossing and servand,

Montrose.
[Directed]
Tor mtf Nobell Lord the Earle ofSiaforL

I heare our cossing Chartrous hes gone to the king»
which his maide me not writ unto him. *

* Sir John Charteris of Amisficld's mother was the Lady Mar-
garet Fleming, daughter of Jolin, first Earl of Wigton, hy Lady
Liliaa Graham, daughter of John» third Earl of Montrose. Sir
John's fortunes were ruined through his loyalty to his sovereign,
and the rapacity of some of his neighbours. The following aneoaote
respecting him is extracted from the MS. History of the Preshyte-
ry of Penpunt : *' Near to this castle, (Glencaime,) in the year
1651, when King Charles the Second had marched wim his army to
England, the loyal nobility and gentry of Nidadale and Aniiaiidale,
being met for hasting out recruits of horse and foot for his majes-
tie's service, were assaulted hy an English commander, one Major
Scot, son to the famous hrewer's clerk, Thomas Scot, a stikling
member of the Rump Parleament of Endand, and one of the regi-
cides, who, ai\er his maj.'s restitution, did receive the reward ma
bold and bloody traitor. Albeit this Major Scot was commander
of 14 score of experienced horsemen, yet the noblemen and gentle
men did resolve valiantly to abide their charge, though much infe-
rior in munber ; and, by a party of 36 or 40 none, oommanded by
Rot. Fergusson of Craigdarroch, the Eng^sh forlorn-hope, being
a greater number, was stoutly and resolutely charged, broken, and
b^ten into their body> with the loss of scveraU of the English,
and none of his party. Thereafter the noblemen and gentlemen
being led by Sir Jo. Charteris of Ampsfield, knight^ did diarge the
body of the English, when it came up, but being inferior in num-
ber, and many of their souldiers being not weel trained, they were
forced to retire. The Master of Herri^ then, and of late the Earl
of Nidsdale, was wounded by a shot in the arm ; and though some
of the English, yet none of the loyal party were killed in the fight,
but some were killed in the retreat, who, being denied quarters,
because they could not instruct themselves to be commissionate of-

XII. APPENDIX. 443

Kirwatt in OrXcnay, 26 March 1650.
My Lobb,
I REGEAVXD yr L. bv Mr May, who has confirmed me
in the knowledge of all yr nobell and freindly cariages,
for which foeleave I will serve you with my lyfe all the
dayes it shall please God to len me it. I am going to
the maine-iand, and hes no more leasure hot to assure you
I shall tender yr freindes and interests as my aune lifep
and still live or dye, my Lord, yr cossen and faithfuU
freind and servand,

Montrose.
For the Earle ofSiafort.

Hage, 15 jlgust 1649.
My Lord,
I AM Joyed you ar weale, tho sory you ar still in tha(
place, for y' presence wher you knoT^ wold doe much
goode, since you sei affairs goe so equally and on a
levell alwayes. I hope thes will fynd you goeing, and
my best wishes shall accompany you alongs.

I am just now setting out, and intends to recover thir
delays by the best dispatch I can. As I am able^ you
shall receave my accounts with that, that I shall ever
be, my Lord, yr possing and faithful] servand,

Montrose.
[Directed]
Jbr the Right Honourable the Earle ofSiafort.

Copnahagen, 27 Octobr veteri.
My Lord,
Tho 1 heave writt many tymes to you, which seimes is
not come to yr hands, and only receaved some tuo of yrs.
yett I cannot bot tell you how glaid I am att the infor.
matioDs I receave of yr nobell and resolult cariages con*
ceming his majestic, and yrkyndens towards yr friends.

fleers, or listed soaldfers^ were barbarously murdered, among which
a young gendeman, Ro. Maxwell of Tinuell, was one. Some others
of quality being and avowing themselves souldiers, had quarter
granted mem, and were taken prisoners."

4M APPENDIX. XII.

which I assure you hes procured you so much respect
mongst all honorable people, as is not to be exclianged
for a world ; for what friendship you heave beane pleased
to doe me the honor to witnes, (tho it can be no more
then I ever promised to myselff) I will make you the faith*
fullest retume my lyfe can doe^ and if it please God I
los it not very suddenly, I shall be sure not to dye in
yr debt ; meanetyme, I humbly entreat you be confident,
that wherever I be, or whatever occasions. 1 may heave
to correspond with you, or not, that I can never forgett
what I owe vou, but shall ever in all fortunes, places,
and tymes, be faithfully and as e£Pectually as it may
please God I can, my Lord, yr L*s. most faithful!
cossing and scrvond, Montrose.

I am useing yr advyse, and setting furth in the way
that is possible, and I shall mdce you the best ac^
count that it shall please God to give me leave.
[Directed in another hand]
For ike Earle of Seaforth this*

The folUmmg Better of the Queen of Bohemia
is deemed worthy of being made public^ as it
contains a good deal of the characteristic spirit
of the unfortunate writer.

llu Ilagk, this 18 Jan.
Mt Lord,
1 woULDE not vrite to you till I coulde teN you some
certaintie of the king's affiiires. Yesterday Harry Sea-
roour came hither out of Scotland $ he took shipping
yesterday was sevenigbt, the day after which was new
ycarsday, then the king was to becrouned, becoukie not
stay to see it for feare to loose his patsaoe, but eertainlie
he was crouned then : they permit all the engagers, and
those that are not excommunicate and confiscat in their
estats to come to court and be in the armie, but not to
have anie office of note. The vertuous chanoekxir
made a loog speech against receaving of anie ; but the

xin. APPENDIX. 445

king told him he spoke more for Cromwell then for bimi
so as the vote passed for the king ; jret the next day
Leslie and Robin Montgomerie^ two gi'eat saints» eave
up a petition against the reoeaving of them» and hav*
ing done no gMd, have lavd doune their commissions.
I hope the king will uke them at there worde ; in the
meane time, that brave valiant Lo. Argille is all for the
king I you may judge how trulie, since all his creatures
are against him. I now fiude you have a sreat reason
not to venture to soone. amongst them* When I shall
know the king is in the heart of his armie, tbeu I shall
hope some good ; for certainlie all the gentrie, nobili-
lie, and people in generally are all for him. When I
heare anie more, I will lett you know, for as yet I am
not satisfied with this news. In the meane time, I in*
treat you to beleive, that I ame constantlie, your most
affectionat freod,

EUZABSTH.

I send this by the direction of Leidi, because the
gentleman you writt to roe of is not heere.

[Directed]
For the Earle of Heafort.

No. XIII.
Two Letters from Prince Rupert to the Marquis^

Mt Lord, *
I AM sorry that this employment will not give me
leave to stir from it, else I should have been extreme
willing to have met with your lordship somewhere, and
conferred with you about his majest/s afiairs; the
bearer hereof can more fully tell your lordship how
ready I shall be to join with you in any thing that may
advance that service, in which you showed so much
reality and forwardness ; I shall therefore only trouble
you with an assurance of my service to yon, which shall

446 APPENDIX. xnr»

not be wanting in your lordship's most faithful friend to
serve you,

P. ROPBRT.

From on board the Admiral f

Oc/. 11,1648.
Directed thus. To my Lord Marquis tf Montrose.

My Lonn,
I HATE received three letters from jrour Lordship in
one day, among which there was one sent me by
Major-General Monro, whose business, though I know
not, yet whenever he shall please to let me know, the
assistance I shall give, it shall be set forward as much
as it may. My Lord, I find upon all occasions, that
your kindness to me is the same you protest, and I am
▼ery sorry that as yet there is no occasion for me to
give a real testimony of mine, which I intend upon all
occasions to do. Of this your Lordship may be con-
fident, since this is from, My Lord» your Lordship's
most faithful friend and servant.

Kingraglffy April I, 1649.

P. Rupert.

No. XIV,

Commission from King Charles II. to the Mar-
quis of Montrose^ for settling the Differences
with the Town of Hamburgh^ and borrowing a
Sum of Money from the Senate.

CHARLES R.
Right trusty, and right entirely beloved cousin, we
greet you well. We send you herewith a relation
which we have lately received from our trusty and well
beloved Sir John Cockeran, knight, of his proceedings
with the town of Hamburgh ; and being justly sensitue
how unnecessary it is for us, at this time, to make new
enemies, or to be over severe in our resentments of such

10

XV. AFPBKDIX. 447

things, as in a time of more prosperity we ought to in«
sist upon ; we therefore desire, and we hereby require
and authorise you, to employ yourself by such ways and
expedients as you shall think fit, to compose the dii^
ferences, and to settle a better understanding between
us and the said town of Hamburgh, only in that par-
ticular of their resolution, to receive a public minister
from the bloody rebels in England, we cannot but be-
lieve it to be inconsistent with ail amity and alliance
with usi which, our pleasure is, shall be so represented
to them, but without any menaces or threats on our
part, to the end, that, if they shall avowedly receive any
such public minister, we may be at liberty to take such
resolution as shall be fit for our own honour and in-
terest. In the mean time, we desire you to press the
senate to give us some present testimony of their good
afifection, by supplying us with the loan of a consider-
able sum of money, upon such assurance of repayment
as we can for the present give them. And if any mcMiey
can be gotten from them, our pleasure is, that one half
thereof shall be for your employment^ and that the
other half be remitted for our use, to our trusty and
well beloved John Webster of Amsterdam, merchant ;
some proportion being first deducted out of the whole,
for the supply of our trusty and well*beloved servant
Sir John Cockeran, knight : And so recommending
this business to your care and good endeavour, we bid
you heartily farewell.

Given at St GermanSf
the bth September 1649.

No. XV-

A Letter from King Charles It. to the Marquis
of Montrose^ encouraging him in his prepara-
tionsfor making a descent upon Scotland.

Mt Lord,
I ENTREAT you to go on vigorousIy, and with your
wonted courage and care in the prosecution of those

i48 APPENDIX. XVI.

trusts I haTe committed to 700, and not to be startled
with any reports you may Mar, as if I were otherwise
inclined to the Presbyterians than when I left you. I
assure you I am upon the same principles I was, and
depend as much as ever upon your undertakings and
endeavours for my service, being fully resolved to assist
and support you therein to the uttermost of my power,
as you shall find in effect, when you shall desire any
thing to be done by your affectionate friend,

Charlbs IL
Si Germanic September 19M, 1649.

No. XVI.

An Address from the Committee qf Estates in
Scotland to King Charles 11. after the TreaPf
at the Hague had miscarried.

May it please your Majesty,

If the Estates of Parliament of this your majesty's
most ancient kingdom, had considered the power and
prevalency of your majesty's enemies, your majesty's
present condition, and the difficulties and dangers that
may attend an agreement with your majesty iu such a
posture of affiiirs, they might have been silent upon the
receipt of so unsatisfactory an answer to their humble
and earnest desires, and waited for the express pro-
mised by your majesty in your last answer to their com-
missioners. But being very desirous to witness their
tender regard to your majesty, and because they would
not be wanting in any thing which might evidence the
sincerity and constancy of their affection, and beget a
right understanding betwixt your majesty and vour
lojal and faithful subjects of this kingdom, they have
resolved upon this new address; there being no earthly
thing more in their desires, than that your majesty may
rule over them, and that your throne may be established
in religion and righteousness.

We doubt not but your majesty hath seriously con-
it

XVI. AFniiBix* 449

«idered your pveieDt estate» and vmf^ked the great
4aDtfeEs that do and may farther arise from delay in
reecdution; yet we crave leave humbly to repvesoit»
that it is matter of much tronble and sadness m ns, to
think that yoor majesty should live among strangers, and
relying upon the nnccnain aid of foreigners» stand at
such a distance with your well affected subjects, who^
againf^t all difficuhies and impediments» are most willing
to interest themselves in your miyesty's affiurs «coording
to tke Covenant» And we cannot but acquaint your
majesty, that it is unto us matter ot* admiration, that
vour nisjesty should at this time forbear to declare your
intentions and resolutions» whilst your adversaries» the
murderers of your royal father and our native king, are
very active and industrious, both at home and abroad,
and leave no means unassayed which may either gain
reputation to themselves, or lessen your majesty's esti*
mation with your people.

As we are much grieved to consider the many incon-
veniences which accomrany your majesty's irresolution»
so are we much more afflicted to think of the sad effects
that may ensue, in case your majesty should be induced
to believe, that it can be safe for your majesty to trust

J^our person or affairs to the Papists in Ireland» who»
or the enmity to the reformed religion» and cruel mur-
der of many thousand Protestants in that kingdom, are
long since become detestable to all your majesty's sub^
jects, who either fear Ood, honour your majesty» or
wish well to the peace of these kini^rdoms.

We do therefore most humbly beg and earnestly
beseech» that your majesty would, in your princely
wisdom, seasonably lay to heart your own estate, the
long continued distraction of your kingdoms, and the
equity of our humble desires presented unto your
majesty by our commissioners ; wnich, if your majesty
shall graciously be pleased to grant, and above alK if
your majesty shall cordially enter into the Solemn
JLeague and Cavenant^ is the only way to procure the
Lord's blessing on all your undertakings, and the hearty
concurrence of your well affected subjects in all your
kingdoms» for restoring your majesty to your just

Ff

450 AEPBNiint. xvn.

power and authority. And for our parts, we dare oon-
fidpntW say in his sight who is tlie searcher of hearU,
that your majesty may thereupon assuredly expect from
(his kingdom all the testimonies of a£Fection and fideli-
ty, according to our covenant, that dutiful and loyal
subjecU are capable of, for restoring your majesty to
the possession of the government of your kingdoms
If, in order to these ends, your maiesty shall be

5 leased to acknowledge the present parliament of this
ingdom, particularly the two last sessions thereof, in
this year 1649, and the committee having authority
from them in the interval of parliament, we are resolved
to make a solemn address unto your majesty for a lull
agreement, upon the grounds contained in the former
desires of your majesty's most humble, most loyal» and
most obedient subjects.

LoVDODN, Cancellarius.
Signed in name and by command of the Parliament

of Scotland.
Edinburgh, 1th August 1649.

No. XVIL

A Letter from his Myesty to the Committee qf
Estates, in Answer to their Address, and op*
pointing their Commissioners to meet and treat
with him atBreda*

We have received your several letters lately present-
ed to us by Mr Wynram of Liberton, and do gracious*
]y accept of all those expressions of affection and fidelity
you make to us therein, together with that tendqr sense
of our present condition, and just indignation which
you profess to have against the execrable murderers of
the king, our late dear and royal father, of blessed me-
morv$ believing that your intentions are as full of
loyalty and candour to us, as we are, and always have
been, real in our desires to beget such a dear and right

XVII. ' APPENDIX. 451

nnderstandiDg between us lihd all our subjects of that
our ancient kingdom of Scotland, as might be a sure
foundation of their future peace and happiness, and an
effectual means to root up those seeds of division and
animosity which have been occasioned by the late
troubles, and so to unite the hearts and affections of our
subjects to one another, and to us their lawful king and
sovereign, that, by their due obedience and submission
to our just authority, we may be enabled to maintain
them in peace and prosperity, and to protect them in
their religion and liberties, as to our kingly office be-
longeth. And as we have ever resolved to contribute
all that depends on us to these good ends, and to the
just satisfaction of all our subjects of that our kingdom ;
so we have now thought fit, by the return of Mr Wyn-
ram, to desire that commissioners be sent to us, suffi-
ciently authorised, to treat and agree with us upon all
particulars, as well in relation to the concernments and
just satisfaction of our subjects there, as to those helps
and assistances we may reasonably expect from them,
for the bringing of the murderers of our late dear father,
of blessed memory, to condign punishment, and for the
recovery of our just rights in all our kingdoms ; and
that they attend us by the 15th of March next at Breda,
where we intend, God willing, to be. In order where-
unto,and in confidence of such a treaty, as also to evidence
to you, and to the whole world, that we sincerely desire
to agree with you, and expecting that no other use shall
be made of it to the prejudice of us or our afiairs, than
what we intend in order to the treaty, notwithstanding
many important considerations that might have dissuad-
ed us from doing any thing antecedently at this time,
we have resolved to direct this letter unto you, by the
name of i?u Committee of Estates of that our kingdom,
hoping, that, from the confidence we express in your
clear and candid intentions towards us, you will derive
effectual arguments to yourselves of mutual confidence
in us, which, by the blessing of Almighty God, by yonr
just and prudent moderation, by the earnest desire we
have to oblige all our subjects of that kingdom, and by
the means of the treaty which we expect and desiroi

453 ^PENnqu xmi.

liUQT he the foundaiion of a foil and bappy «greemeat
between ui» and of th? future peace aod sGcurit; of that
iMition } which, we assure you» we paMionately desire,
and shall effectually eodea?our. And «owe lud you
?ery hefirtily farewell

Qwen at our Court in Jersey^
the 22'l2th day of jMnftry^
I9i9'60, in tkeJrH ywr ^
onfr reign.

No. XVIII.

CkaelwB.

A Letter from his Majesty to the Marqws iff
Montrose^ sent him with copies of the Com^
mittee^s Address^ and his Mqjesiy^s Answer,
and requiring him to prosecute his design upon
Scotland vigorously.

CHAELESR-
Right troaty uid right entirely beWed coosio» wik
lireet you wciL An address having been lately made to
US from Scotland, by a letter, whereof we send yoq Ibe
eopy herewith, wherein they desire that we should ao*
knowledge their parliament, end particularly the twp
last sessions of it, and thereupon offer to send a solemn
address to us for a full agreement ; we have, in anf wer
thereunto, returned our letters to them, a eopy where-
of we likewise send you hare inclosed, by which we ba?e
appointed a speedy time aiid place for their qomsnisfiein-
en to att^d us : and to the end you may not appre-
hend that we intend, either by any thing contained ip
those letters^ or by the treaty we expect, to give the
least impediment to your proceedings, we tbiuik ^ to
let you know, that as we conceive that your pvepara^
lions have been one effectual motive, that has iqdMOed
them to make ihe said address to us; so your vigocovs
proeeeding will be a ^ood means to bring them to syflb
moderation iu the said treaiy as p? obably may pip4iwe

all' agnenent, and a pmmt «iiioa of Cbot whob natkm
in our service. We assure you, therefore, that we iriM
noty before or duriug the treaty, do any thing contrary
to that power and authority which we have given you
by our commission, nor consent to any thing that may
bring the least degree of diminution to it; and if the
said treaty should produce an agreement, we wiU, with
our uttermost care, so provide for the honour and tn^
td^ese of yourself, md of all that shall engage widi you,
a» shall let the whole worid see the high esteem we hove of
you, aad our full confidence in that eminent courage»
conduct, and loyalty, which you have always expressed
to the king our late dear father, of blessed memory, and
to U8, both by your actions and sufiertngs for our cause.
In the mean time, we think fit to declare to you, that we
have called them a Committee of Estates^ only in order
to a treaty, and fbr no other end whatever ; and if the
treaty do not produce an a^^ement, as we are already
assured, that the calling of them a Committee of Estates^
in the direction of a letter, doth neither acknowledge
them to be legally so, nor nsake them such ; so we shall
i^nnediately declare to all our subjects of Scotland what
we hold them to be, notwithstanding any appellation
we now give them \ thereby to satisfy them and the
whole world, that we desire to reduce our subjecu of
that kingdom to their due obedience to us, by our just
and honourable condescensions, and by aU endeavours
of kindness and favour on our part, rather than by war.
and hostility, if their unreasonable demands do not ne»
cessitate us to that, as to the only way and remedy left as.
We require and authorise you to proceeed vigorously
and difectually in your undertaking, and to act in all
thinffs in order to it, as you shall judge most necejssary
for tne support thereof, and for our service in that way \
wherein we doubt not, but all our loyal and well affect-
ed subjects of Scotland will cordially and efiectually join
with you, and by that addition of strength, either dis-
pose those that are otherwise minded to make reasonp
able demands to us in the treaty, or be able to force
them to it l^ arms», in case of their obstinate refusaL
To which endf we authorise you to communicate and

454 APPENDIX» XlXm

pubUih this our letter to all aach persons as yoo shall
think fit.

No. XIX-

Declaration of his HxceUency James Marquis qf
Montrose^ Earl qf Kincardine^ Lord Graham^
Baron of JMontdieu, Lieutenant-governor and
Captain-general for his Myesty of the Kmg^
dom of Scotland J anno 1649-

In tanta reipublic» necessitudine, 8U!»pecto senates popa«
lique imperio, ob certamina poteQtiam el avaritt&m ma^ura*
tuum, invalido Icgum auxiiio; quae vi, ambitu, postremo
pecunia turbabantur ; omnem potestatem ad unum redire pacis
interfuit, non aliud discordaatis patris remedium quam ut ab
UQO regeretur*

C. Tacitus,

Though it may seem both a public and private in-
jury, rather than matter of duty or just procedure, to do
any act whatsomeveri that can in so much as appear to
dispute the clearness of this present service, or to hold
such enemies as a party, the justice of his majesty's
cauve, the wickedness of those rebels, and my own in-
tegrity, being all of them so well and so thoroughly
known as they are. Yet, the further to confirm the
world, the more to encourage all who are to engage^
and the powerfullier to convince many who have harm-
lessly been involved, and innocently inveigled in those
desperate courses, I do, in the name of his most sacred
majesty, and by virtue of the power and authority grant»
ed by him unto me, declare.

That howbeit there have been, and still are, an hor-
rid and infamous faction of rebels within the kingdom of
Scotland, who most causelessly at first did hatch a re-
bellion against his late majesty, of glorious memory ;
and when he had granted unto them, by their own ac-
knowledgment, all their violent and most unjust desires»
they were so far from resting, notwithstanding, satis«

XIX» AFPEKDiX. i55

fiad, 80 tbat, beipa tbemselveB able to find no forthor
pretenoest they dia perniciously solicit one party in the.
kingdom of bngland, to begin where shame and neoea»
sity had inforced diem to leave off; and when those of
the Elnglish, being by much leii wicked, would have often
satiefiea themselves by his majesty's extraordinary conces»
sions, they then, not intending the desperate lengths which
fatal success and their hoUow practices did thereafter
drive them to, did still thrust in, as oil to the fire, and
ganger to the wound, until they had rendered all irre-
coverable: neither were they contented in the tox-skin
alone to act this their so brutish a tragedy, which in<*.
deed could never have served their ends, but while they
had received all imaginable satisfaction at home, as their
own very acts of parliament doth witness, wherein they
say, ^* That his late majesty parted a contented king
from a contented people," finding their rebel brood
vvhom they had begot in England beginning to lessen,
lind that his majesty's party appeared to have by much
the better, they not only, contrary to the duty of sub-
jects, but all faith, covenants, oaths, attestations, to
which they had so often invoked Giid, his angels,
the world and all, as witnesses, did enter wiui a
strong army the kingdom of England, persecute their
prince in a foreign nation, assist a company of stranger
rebels, against their native king, and those of his loyal
party, within that same kingdom, except for which, the
whole world does know, his majesty had, without all
peradventure, prevailed. And not ashamed of all this,
which even many of their own party did blush to avow,
when his late majesty was, by, God knows, how many
unhappy treacheries, redacted to think upon extreme
courses for his safety, he was pleased out of his so
much invincible goodness, and natural inclination to-
wards hb native people, notwithstanding all their for*
mer villonies, to chuse that ignoble party to lall upon,
thinking, that those whom his greatness and their duty
could not oblige, his misery and their compassion might
perhaps move with pity $ yet too justly fearing their
Punic iaiths, he first resolved to engage them by a trea-
ty j after which, when, by many intercourses, his mi(«

4M APVSKSIX. XIX.

jMly had Tccofed nil mfiniier of ttsdnrano^ whidi,
though shame would make diem willingly excuse, yet
guilt will let them have nothing to say for it, it being sd
undeniable, and to idl the world so known a truth,
oasting himself in their hands, they, contrary to all
fidth and paction, trust of (ttendsy duty of subgects, laws
of hospitality, nature, nations, divine and human, fot
Whieb there hath never been precedent, nor can ever
be a follower, most infiimouhly, and beyond all ima*
ginable expression of invincible baseness, to the blush
of Christians and abomination of mankind, sold their
sovereign over to their merciless fellow-traitorB to be
destroyed ; with whom, how they have coniplotted his
destruction, thdr secret intercourses, both bebre, in the
time, and since this horrid murder, do too evidently de-
dare. Of all which villanies they are so little touched
with the guilt, as they now be^in with his majesty upon
the same scores they left with his father, declaring dim
king with provisos ; so robbing him of all right, while
they would seem to give some unto him ; pressing him
to join with those who have rigged all bis dominions
in rebellion, and laid all royal power into the ddst, that
hi effect be would condemn the memoir of his sacred
father, destroy himself, and ruin his faithful party with-
in all those dominions. Hiese are those who at first en*
tered England, soKcittng all to rise in this desperate
rebellion, as the prob^tie of their ensuing tragedy ; who
were the chief and main instruments of all the battles,
■lauffhters, and bloody occasions within that kingdom i
who sold their sovereign unto the death, and that yet
d^ in his grave) and who are more perniciously
hatching the destruction of his present majesty, by the
aame bare, old, out-dated treaelieries, than ever they
did his saored father's: yet the people in general hav-
ing been but ignorantlv misled to it, whose eyes now
fbr die most part God has opened, and turned their
hearts, at least their desires, to their dutiful obedience,
and that there has stiH been a loyal party, who have
given such proo6 of their integrity, as his majesty Is
moved with a tender compassion for those righteous

XIX» AfVBMMJk 4Sf

J ia behalf of all who now at kit Ihm» nmcne (6t
their former misdemeanoan. His Inqtity is not only
willing to pardon every one^ excepting such who, upon
clear evidences» shall be found guilty of that most
damnable fact of murder of his lather, who, upon sight
or knowledge hereof, do immediately, or upon the first
possible conveoiencyt abandon those vebeis, and rise
and join themselves with us and our forces in this pre-
sent service ; but also to assure alt who are, or wiD tura
loyal unto hin^ of that nation, that it is his mi^ea/s
resolution, which he doth assure» and promise unto
them upon the word of a prince, to be ever ready to
ratify 80 soon as it shall please God to put it in his
power, according to the advice of the supreme judica*
tures of that kingdom, all that has been done by his
royal father, in order to their peace i desiring noUiing
more but their dutiful obedience and faithful services^
for the revenge of the horrid mufder of his father, bia
juat re-establishment, and their own perpetoal happincaa
under his government.

Wherefore, all who have any dmy left them Co Gddf
their kin^ country, friends^ homes, wives, chikb^n, or
would change now at last the tj^ranny, violence, and
oppression of those rebels, with the mild and imsooent
government of tlieir juat prince, or revenge the honrid
and execrable murder of their sacred king, redeem their
nation from in&my, themselves from mvery, restore
the presentf and oblige the ages to come ; let them aa
Christians, subjects, patriots, friends, husbands, and
fathers, join themselves forthwith with us in thia prrsenc
servioe, that is so full of conscience, duty, honour» and
all just interests, and not apprehend any evils, wbicb
Uiey may fear can fall, half so much as those they pre*
sently lie under i for though there may appear many
difficulties, yet let them not doubt of Crod's justice^ nor
the happy providence that ma;jr attend his majestv, nor
their own r«M>iutions, nor the fortunes of those who are
joined withal ; resolving, with Joab, to play the men
for their people^ and the cities of their God« and lee the
Lord do whatever seemeth him good $ wherein, what*
somev^ shall behappen, they may at least be assured of

458 APPENDIX^ XX.-

Crastinos't reoompence» that, dead or alive, the world
will giv^ tbem thtfiks. Montrosib.

No. XX.

Edinburgh^ January % 1650. Ante-meridiem.

The Declaration and fVaming of the Commission
of the General Assembly, unto all the Members
of this Kirk and Kingdom, in Answer to a
Paper entitled and reputed the Declaration of
James Graham.

Albeit the carriage of those who are engnged in the
work of reformation in this land» h«th been from the
beginning so agreeable to the rule of the word of God
and sound reason» and so eminently owned and blessed
by the Lord in aU the tenor and procedure thereof» aa
may sufficiently refute all the calumnies of enemies, and
strengthen bis people against all their slanders and at*
tempts for undoing of the same ; yet lest our silence in
this day of blasphemy and rebuke should be construed
either as a neglect of our duty, or as a weakness through
the sense of the guilt» to wipe off the aspersions that are
vented to the world in the name of that excommuni*
cate and forfeited traitor James Graham, we have re-
solved» till there may be opportunity for a larger decla-
ration, shortly to touch ihe revilings contained in that
paper, and to declare unto men their du^ in refer-
ence to such purposes and desires as* are holden forth
therein.

In the first place, the instruments of the work of re-
formation are charged *< as an horrid and infamous fac«
tion of rebels» who did hatch a rebellion against his late
majesty :" but to say nothing that that wretched man
was accessory unto the laying of the foundation of that
blessed work» which now» in the blindness of his mind
Und hardness of bis heart» as being given up of God» as
phar^oh was» be calls rebellion. This is no other than

XX* AppvNOix. 459

the common calumny that hath been catt upon the ser*
vants of God from the beginning of the world, in all
their endeavours and attempts for reformation of reli-
gion. Was it rebellion to stand to our defence) when,
instead of an answer to all the earnest and reiterated
supplications and desires of this land, against the cor*
mptions of doctrine» worship,' discipline» and govern-
ment, we were invaded with an army both by sea and
land, that a yoke might be wreathed about our necks
by oppression and violence ? Not only had we the
Lord's word, and the practice of the reformed churches
abroad, and of our own church at home in the days of
our fathers, to justify us in this, but also the king himr
self, who, upon information, did retract the declara*
tion set forth against us, and granted what we had de-
sired.

Next it is charged upon this nation» « that they did
solicit a party in the kingdom of England to begin
where they had left off, and that findins their rebel-
brood there beginning to lessen, they did, contrary to
all faith, covenants, oaths, &c. enter with a strong army
the kingdom of England, persecute their prince in a
foreign nation, and assist a company of stranger-rebels
against their native king," &c* What was the grounds
and first rise of the war betwixt the king and the parlin-
ment of England, needs not now to be repeated, being
so well known every where ; but this nation were so tax
from fomenting of the same, that for a long time they
did mediate a peace; and so continued, until England,
by their earnest invitation, did for the preservation and
reformation of religion, the honour and happiness of
the king, the peace and good of these kingdoms, crave
their assistance against the popish, prelatical, and ma-
lignant party then in arms, who were like to have de-
stroyed all: for which end, when they had entered
in a solemn league and covenant with that nation, as
they did oblige themselves for the defence and preserva-
tion of bis majesty's person, and just greatness and au-
thority in the defence and preservation of religion, so
they did never desist to solicit his majesty for satisfac-
tion to the just desires of both kingdoms, and were al«

460 MPZMU. fit.

ways, upon kk nu^esty^s ^itutUnff of tkd totoe, wil-
fiagto admic him to Cbe exercise of hit royal power.

Thirdly, it is aUej^^, *• That after aH maimer of a»-
aorances giren to his ms^eaiy before hia CDBaing to the
Scottish army» notwithstanding' of atsuranees, he waa
sold anto the EngKah." Bnt we ar» confident thirt,
dbeic all the generation of maiignantsof the three king-
doms have now for three years together filled this^ and
the nations abroad» with the ndse of snch things, yel
to this day never any of them did, nor conki bring any
evidence of such asHorance given, or such bargain made
by this kingdom $ nay, such as^nrances were always re-
rased I and when the king did cast himself upon the
Sootdsh army, thisr hing£mi was so far frota making
any sale of him, that they did not condescend to leave
him with his subjects in England, until sufficient surety
was given by both houses of parliament cenceruiog the
safety and preservation of his majesty's person. It is
great malice to say, that because the Scottish army»
about the time of his majesty's living at Newcastle, did
recefvo some part of those arrears due unto them for
their pa^nfiil and faithful service in England, that,
dierefore, this kingdom did sell their king ; the arrears
which were then received were due before the king
came unto ovtr army, and in all probabilicy had been
more timeously and cheerfully paid if he had not come
thither at all.

Fourthly, they are slandered ^< as compfectera of the
king^s destruction, by secret intercourses, both before,
in the time, and since his majesty's horrid murder." If
those things be evident, why were not prooft broi^hc
forth and produced before the world, for convincing the
authors and abettors thereof, and gaining credit to die
cause of those that make so bold alfegeances ^ The piil^
fie endeavours of this kirk and kingdom against the tak-
hig of his majesty's life» do sufliciently refute all such se»
crct and prirate whisperings.

Lastly, tbey are charged ** as robbers of the kfaig^
who- now is, of all right, because of their dedating him
khfg with provisos." But are these provisos or condi-
tions any other than such as have been in the time of

XKm ATPJSNDIX. 46|

his predeoeflMrB, asd whcreunto» by the laws and oodp
«tituiipns of thU kingdom, be is obliged, and without
wlrich, rel^oa and t£e peaoe of the kingidoin cannot be
aeoared.

These, and the like slanders, are made a ground of
invitation anto the people of this land to abandon the
eaiiae and work of reformation, and to rise in arms
«gainst the parliament and kingdom, and join tbemselvea
with such forces as that monster of men and his aopom-

Elicea shall make use of for invading of this land ; to which
e labours to persuade by a promise of pardon Cor what
is past, and of bis majesty's resolution ** to be ever
ready to ratify, so soon as it shall please God to put it
in his power, according to the advice of the supreme ja>
dicatories of this kingdom, all that has been done by hii
royal father in order to our peace." Though we should
be ailent and say nothing, we are persuaded that theie
be none in the land who baa any regard (o truth or
righteousness* or in whom any sponk of Uie love of the
Lord's work, pr of this country, does reside^ but as they
aboroinatc and abhor the very n^me of that excommu-
nicate wretch, and think these lies worthy of no other
entertainment than is to be altowed to the devices of the
fisther of lies, unto whose hands he is delivered i so we
are confident that they will detest and avoid all such
desperate and wicked designs» atten^pted whether by
him CM* by any other. Shall men, after $o many soktma
vows and promises before the Lord, and when his hand,
lifted up so high in making plain be&re tbem the way
wherein they ^ould walk, be so blind and base as to be
charmed into a most godless course, against religion
and the blood of the Lord's people, by the offer of a
pardon, where there has been no transgression but a
following of duty ? or shall any be cheated into a deiu*
sion by a flourish of most ambiguous words, of his ma-
jesty's re^lution to be ever ready to ratify, so soon as it
shall please Uod to put it in his power, according to the
advice of the supreme judicatories of this kingdotfj, ajl
that has been done by bis royal father ip order to our
pence i To say nothing that the league and covenanlf
and the union betwiyt the kinjgdoo^ai, and the whok

462 APl'ENBlX. XX.

work of unirarmity is here cut off at one clap, thoafi;1i
yet we trust that these things will be dearer to all the
Lord's people in the land than their estates or lives ; the
words are so empty and doubtful as may suffer any inter-
pretation men list to put upon them, and may consist
with the utter undoing of all that has been done in this
land for asserting the purity of religion and the liberty
of the subject. His majesty must first be put in power
before he engage himself to do any thing at all» and
when in power, no obligation upon him, unless the su-
preme judicatories of the kingdom shall so advise ; nei-
ther is it determined what these judicatories are, whe-
ther his majesty shall be obliged to follow their advi<;e ;
and, which is more strange, religion is not so much as
named in all the concession, but all is wrapped under
the notion of these things which the king his royal fa-
ther granted in order to our peace ; which may be so
expounded as to take in things civil only, that concern
the peace of the kingdom, or, at the best, insinuates the
motive of all that his majesty granted concerning reli-
gion to this kingdom, to have been only a desire of
peace, and not any thing in religion itself; and so draws
along with it a secret rdSection upon the national cove-
nant, and all the work of God relating thereto, and con-
cludes them alterable, as the change may produce peace
or war. We think we need not desire any man to con-
sider wliat could be the case of religion, and of all that
love it in this land, if it were in the power of that perfi-
dious and proud atheist to model the supreme judicato-
' ries of the kingdom according to his mind. He who
hath so far forgotten his covenant and oath, in which he
entered in so public and solemn a way, as to call ail that
is contained therein, and has flowed therefrom, violent
and most unjust desires, and the work of reformation
from the beginning rebellion, will not spare the over-
turning and destroying thereof, and the bringing back
this poor nation to the licking up of the vomit of prela-
cy, the ceremonies and the service*book, for making
way to a fuller compliance with the church of Rome ;
which we have the more cause to fear, for that the free
exercise and fuU liberty of popish religion is granted by

XX. APPCKDIX. 468

bis majesty to those bloody rebels in Ireland. To us it
is above question, that, as the alteration of religion, and
the establishing of an arbitrary and illimited power for
bringing the same about, was the design from the be-
^nning, so, that the same is still promoted by the pop-
ish, prelatical) and malignant party, and shall» if they
prevail, be the fruit of their works.

Therefore, as the servants of the livine God, we warn
and obtest all the Lord's people throucnout the land,
that, as they would not draw on themselves the wrath of
the most high God, by breach of covenant and gross
backsliding, that they do not hearken to any such calum-
nies and slanders, nor suffer themselves, by the power
thereof, to be drawn from their stedfastness, or to give
any connivance, let be countenance or assistance, unto
any who shall invade this kingdom, or raise war there*
in, under pretence of commission from his majesty, and
putting him in the exercise of his royal power, before
satisfaction be had from him to the just and necessary
desires of this kirk and kingdom, concerning religion
and the covenant. The late General Assembly, in their
declaration, did, by many grave and undeniable reasons,
demonstrate the unlawfulness and sinfulness of any such
attempt ; and it shall be now seasonable for any man
who doubts, to make use of these things for satisfying
his judgment, and convincing him in the point of con«
science, that he may not dash himself against the rock
of the Lord's power, which shall certainly break in

Ineces all those that oppose themselves to his work, and
ead forth with the workers of iniquity all those that
turn aside to their crooked ways.

Albeit, the avenging hand of the Most High hath
pursued, and followed with vengeance, many of those
who assisted that unnatural man in the shedding of the
blood of his country, and that many of them have tasted
of the bitter fruits both of civil and ecclesiastic cen*
sures, and that a temptation to so great a wickedness
from such an one as James Graham, seems to be so gross
as may scar most of the malignant party themselves,
who yet continue in opposition to the work of God, let
he those who have humbled themselves for their former

46i APFSNPff* XZI«

eonpliances vnih erU oounei» or have kept their ioleg*
tiV/ without sverving ) yet it shall be the wisdom of all
withio the land* to guard their hearts by prayer and sup-
piica^n, and to arm themselves with tae strength of
the Lord against defection. Experienoe hath proven
tbronghoat all the tract of the work of Godt that many
hath fallen off from day to day, and that new triak have
produced dew disiooveries of the hollow ness of the hearts
of some» concerning whom many did promise to them»
selves better things. None can be stedfMt in the cove-
nant bsNl these whose hearts are right with God. We
wish, therefore, every man to search and try his wajrs,
and as to repent of all his former provocations, so, io
the strength of the Mediator» Jesus Christ, to study to
walk with God, and to order bis conversation aright %
then may we be confident that the Lord shall establish
US, and that no weapon that is formed against ns diall
prosper, and that every tongue that riseth against ns in
indflment we shall condemn.

A. Keb.

No. XXL

Edinburgh^ January 24, 1650.

A Declaration of the Committee of Estates ofAe
Fartiament ofScotland^ in vindication of their
proceedings from the aspersions of a scandalous
Pamphlet^ published by that eax:ommumcate
Traitor^ James Graham^ under the title of A De^
claration of James Marquis of Montrose.

It may seem strange to such as know the state of af«
fairs in this kingdom, that we should think it worth the
while to answer the slanders and groundless reproaches
of that viperous brood of Satan, James Graham, ^hom
the estates of parliament have long since declared traitor,
the church hath delivered into the bands of the devil»
and the nation doth generally detest and abhor ; since
wa know there hath been, and will be in all ages, a wic^

10

XXI. APPENDIX, 465

ked rabble of godless men» who make it their work tp
follow the righteous cause with aspersions and calumnies^
and it is an endless labour to answer every voice th^t
speaks against the truth ; and seeing also at length the
innocence of our causci the integrity of our hearts, and
the candor of our actions, will prevail over the malicious
tongues of our adversaries ; yet, because our silence may
be subject to misconstruction, and some of the weaker
sort may be inveigled by the bold assertions and railing
accusations of this impudent braggard, presenting hinn
self to the view of the world, clothed with his majesty's
authority as lieutenant-governor and captain-general of
this kingdom, we shall shortly answer what is said a^
gainst us, take off the mask which he hath put on, an(i
expose him to public view in his own apparel.

This excommunicate traitor, in the nrst place, charg-
eth his own nation with hatching a rebellion in this king-
dom, then with the promoting the like in England, and
lastly» with the sale and murder of their native kiuff»
and robbing his son of all right ; horrid crimes indeeOy
if true. But how can we be accounted the hatchers or
designers, or in the least sort the disturbers of the peace?
Were we not living quietly and peaceably, when that
new liturgy, purposely compiled to introduce a change of
religion, and compliance with popery, was violently pres^
sed upon us ? and when this and otlier innovations in
the matter of religion were condemned by the general
assembly, holden at Glasgow in the year 1638, were we
not invaded with armies both by sea and land ? Did we
offer to stir, until religion and justice, the main pillars of

«[)vernment, were shaken, and near to be overturned ?
nd shall the standing upon our own defence for preser-
vation of our religion and liberties be reckoned rebel-
lion i Did we desire any other thing of his majesty,
when we were in arms, but that all matters ecclesiastical
should be determined by the assemblies of the church,
and matbs^ civil by the parliament i And so soon as bis
niajesty did assent thereunto, did we not forthwith lay
down our arms within the space of forty-eight hours»
and return to our own homes, leaving all forts and eas*
ties to his majesty's disposal ?

466 APPENDIX. xxu

After all differences about religion were settled in a
new general assembly of the kirk, with consent and ap»
probation of his majesty's commissioner» in the year
1639| and after he had in his majesty's name subscribed
the covenant, he did unexpectedly prorogue the parlia-
ment without consent of the estates of parliaroentf con-
trary to the laws of the kingdom, and to the agreement
and pacification at Berwick ^ and commissioners, sent
to his majesty to give account of the proceedings of the
assembly and parliament, and represent their humble
desires, were, upon the suggestion of wicked counsellors
about his majesty, put under restraint» and one of them
made close prisoner, contrary to the law of nations, and
bis roajest/s royal warrant $ a garrison of English was

1)ut in the castle of Edinburgh, which, beside other vio-
ence and outrages, killed divers women and children ;
our ships and goods were taken» and the owners stript
naked, and more barbarously used than with Turks and
infidels ; a new army was levied against us, in England^
in the year 1640, and a commission granted to the Earl
of Northumberland to subdue and destroy us ; and, ge^
nerally, great preparations were made both at home and
abroad, without ever signifying the cause, or any quarrel
against us; whereupon we were again necessitated to
take up arms for our own defence, and, with oar suppli-
cations in the one hand, and swords in the other, to
make way through our enemies' forces to present our
just grievances to his majesty. /When we were advan-
ced the length of Newcastle, we were commanded by
his majesty to halt there, and to make known our de-
sires by commissioners, to which we readily obeyed,
and, through the Lord's blessing, a happy agreement
was again made betwixt his majesty and us, and betwixt
the two kingdoms. All proclamations, books, and li-
bels, against us, were recalled, suppressed, and forbid-
den ; and at the close of the treaty, our loyalty was
made known, at the time of thanksgiving for the peace,
in all the parish churches of his majesty'ti dominions,
and the authors and fomenters of these troubles were,
' with his majesty's consent, referred to the trial and cen-
sure of the respective parliaments in both kingdoms ;

12

XXI. APPENDIX. 467

of which namber, James Graham, then Earl of Mon-
trose, was found to be one» and therefore imprisoned in
the castle of Edinburgh. His iate majesty himself then
being judge, we are justified, and James Graham con-
demned ; for bis majesty having come in person to this
kingdomi parted a contented king from a contented
people, leaving him to be arraigned before the commis*
sioD, appointed by his majesty and the estates of parlia-
ment for the trial of incendiaries.

In the next place, this libeller chargeth us with soli-
citing a party in England to begin where we had broke
ofF, hindering them, when they were willing, to rest sa*
tisHed with his majesty's extraordinary concessions, and
afterward for assisting them with a strong army against
our native king.

What can be alleged with less probability and more
malice than this; to say, we studied to widen the
breach, when it is well known our loyalty and love to
pence made us send commissioners expressly to endea-
vour a reconciliation. All that know any thing of the
beginning of that difference betwixt his majesty and his
subjects of England, may easily perceive that we had
not the least hand in contriving it : The matters then
in question betwixt his majesty and his two houses of
parliament were about their own privileges and the re-
bellion in Ireland, of the rise and progress whereof we
suppose even James Graham himself will acquit us.

Touching the assistance given by this kingdom to
the houses of parliament about the year IG4S, it was
not given unrequired, or without cause, nor upon un-
certain or unlawful conditions, as he would inform ; but
this kingdom having used their best endeavours by way
of mediation and intercession with his majesty tor an
agreement with his houses of parliament of England,
without success, and his majesty having made an agree-
ment with the rebels in Ireland, whom formerly he had
declared traitors, for their bloody massacre of many
thousand Protestants, and having also entrusted divers
popish commanders in his majesty's armies in England,
whereby the popish, prelatical, and malignant party»
in all appearance, were likely to prevail over all that

468 AnttfttXi xs£^

were well affected to the reformed religion, we grftnted
assistance unto them» upon the earnest itivitadoii of
both houses of parliament, and a sotemn leagae and co-
venant between the nations for reformation and defence
of religion, the honour and happiness of the king, and
the peace and safety of the three kingdom^ ; which was
first approved and solemnly sworn in England, by tbv
two houses of parliament, and assembly of divines, and
afterward by the commission of the general assembly of
this kirk, and convention of estates, as the most power-
ful mean, by the blessing of God, for seltlmg and pre-
serving the true Pk'otestant religion with perfect peace
in his majesty's dominions, and for establishing his ma^
jest's throne to all ages and generations.

These are the grounds whereupon we engaged tx>
give assistance to the kingdom of England, as may be
clearly seen in the covenant, treaty, and declarations of
the kingdoms, which grounds are conscientious and just
in themselves ; and where any swerved from these prin-
ciples, by declining either to malignancy on the one
hand, or to sectarism on the other, we are confident
that none can with justice chai^ge the corruptions and
failings of men upon the rule according to which they
ought to have walked ; nor can they impute their faults
to us, who have carefully studied and endeavoured to
pursue those ends, as we are able to demonstrate from
ail our proceedings.

His last and main forgeries against us are, that his
late majesty, being redacted to think on extreme courses^
did engage us by a treaty ; and having got all manner
of assurance from us, did cast himself in the hands of
our army, which was sent into England for assistance of
the two houses of parliament against the popish, prela-
tical, and malignant party ; and that we, contrary to all
faith» paction, and duty, sold our sovereign, and after-
wards complotted his destruction, and now begin upon
the same score with the son, declaring him king with
provisos, and robbing him of all right while we would
seem to give unto him, and are more perniciously hatch*
ing the destruction of his present majesty than ^er We
did his sacred father*s.

Wbat a siraoge contexture of multiplied lies dotii this
malicious xnan heap together i In all thi% there is not
oue word tniei save one, that hi» majesty was redacted
to think on extreme courses; and that makes against
him ; for Sir Thomas Fair&x, having defeated the
kine'0 forces in the fields, ^denly resolved to block up
Oxford, where the king was in person, thinking that
the shortest way to put an end to Uieir troubles s where-
with his majesty being sniprisedf privately eso^ed with
two or three from Oxfordt uncertain whither to go ;
first he came toward JL^ondon, as far as Harrow on the
Hilly which is about ten miles from it ; and being pre-
viously advertised, that he could not be in London with
safety, he directed his course toward the sea ; and that
likewise failing, he came into the Scottish army without
acquainting those that bad the trust and charge of the
acmy. Where was either time or pliNpe for a treaty
^re, and what were these assnraiice^ which were given ?
His late niajesty was often (old, while he was at New-
castle^ that he c^^ne to them without any invitation, as-
sorancc^ or engagement on their parts $ and, no doubt,
if there had been any the least assurimce given, it had
been .long since miide known to the world; but it was
so far on the contrary, as doth appear bv the letter of
the committee of the parliament of Scotland, residing
with their army in England, to the committee of both
houses of parliament, written upon the 5th of May
164^6, being the very same day that his majesty came into
their quarters, *' That thejv were filled with amazenient
at his comii^g :" In which letter they do farther proiiess,
*< Tliat.they cannot think that his miyesty couU have
been so unadvised in his resolution, to have cast himself
oipon that army, without a real intention to give full sa*
tisfaction to both kingdoms in all their just and reason-
able demands, and whatsoever should be in his disposi*
tioa or resolution, that the parliament of England might
bo assured that they should never entertain any thought,
mr,Qoia;espond with any purpose, nor countenance any
endeavours, that may, in any circumstance, encroach
upon the solemn league and covenant, or weaken the
union and confidence betwixt the two nations.'' They

470 APPENDIX. XXI.

did likewise declare the same to his majesty, and ear-
nestly entreat ** that he would give speedy salisfactioh
to his parliaments of both kingdoms/' and clearly repre-
sented unto him, << that, if he should not grant their
just desires, they would be constrained to take such a
course as, by the mutual advice and resolution of both
kingdoms, they might be saved from a breach, and the
dangerous consequences thereof." The lord-general,
the Earl of Leven, and the officers and soldiers of the
army, did also join in a declaration, to make known
*' their constant resolution to adhere to the whole
heads and articles of their covenant, and that his niaj s-
ty's presence had not begotten any alteration in tiieir
minds in the least measure, to estrange them from the
ways of the covenant" And further, it is a thing very
improbable, that the committee residing with the army
would enter into a treaty with his majesty, for which
they could never be able to give an account to the par-
liament of Scotland, it being altogetlier without the
bounds oF their commission and instructions, and an ex-
press article of the treaty betwixt the kingdoms, " That
no cessation, nor any pacification, or agreement for
peace whatsoever, shall be made by either kingdom, or
the armies of either kingdom, without the mutual advice
and consent of both kmgdoms/' But that which re-
moves it beyond all controversy is, his majesty's own
profession in his letters to both houses of parliament,
and to the committee of estates of the parliament of
Gotland, of the 18th and 19th of jMay, wherein he de-
clares, <* That be came to the Scottish army with a full
and absolute intention to give all just satisfaction to the
joint desire of both kingdoms, and with no thought
either to continue this unnatural war any longer, or to
make a division betwixt the kingdoms/ but to comply
with his parliaments, and those entrusted by them, in
every thing for the settling of truth and peace ; that he
had received some papers from their commissioners,
and that he would study totally to apply himself to the
advices and counsels of his parliament ; that he had
given ordrr for the recalling all commissions issued
forth by his authority against his subjects, and for di$*

XXT. APPENDIX. 471

banding all His fottes\ and ordered a prodamalioLs to^
gether with bis letter» to be published to all his subjects»
that it might appear it was his voluntary and cordial re-
solution and real intention, to join with his parliaments
in settling religion in purity, after the advice of the di-
vines of DOth kingdoms assembled at Westminster, and
his subjects of both kingdoms in freedom and safety."
Upon these terms the Scottish army did receive him»
and would have cheerfully adventured their lives» and
all that was dearest unto them, for preservation of his
person» honour» and happiness» against all opposition
whatsoever : But how far his majesty was from following
the advice of his parliaments of both kingdoms» was too»
too manifest, when he refused to grant the propositions
of both, presented unto him at Newcastle, in the month
of July, by their commissioners, or to give a satisfiictory
answer to any of them ; notwithstanding many of the
chief of the nobility of this kingdom and his privy coun«
cil did beg his assent upon their knees, and, with tears
in their eyes, represented the sad consequences of his
refusal. *

Whilst these things were doin^, the sectarian party»
who never liked any agreement tor peace which might
carry along with it the Presbyterian interest, fearing
that the king should at length be induced to give sa*
tisfaction to the joint desires of both kingdoms in the
propositions of peace, by all means studied and endea-
voured the removal of the Scottish army out of Eng-
land $ for which end they were very busy by their
emissaries and agents amongst the members of parlia-
ment, and in the city and committee. In the house of
commons their party was not great ; but most of the
members, being very desirous to be eased of the great
burden continued upon the kingdom now after the war
was at an end, and not perceiving the design of the
sectaries, did, upon the 19th of May, within a fortnight
after the king came to the Scottish army, join in a vote
to declare that the kingdom of England had no further

• See the Lord Chancellor's speech to Bis majesty at Newcastle.

«ie for die oontiniiiiig of tke ScollUb wnxf in tluit
kingdom, and that, upon adfuating of tlieir aocompU,
tbej shall be aatisfioi what aball be doe unto ibem mc^
coraing to the treaty. Hereupon aU sopplies for enters
taininent of chat array vere withdrawn» tbougb eameat»
Iv solicited by the commissioDerft of this kingdom, and
far want thereof the arm; was neoeasitated to take free
qnarters from the country people ; also secret directaooa
were given to the parliament's forces» who lay near tbe
Boottish army» to straiten their qaartevs» which waa
done accordingly : whereupon they were necessitated to
qnarter in the tour most northern counties, and a small
part of Yorkshire» the most barren parts of that king*
dom» which made the burden of those places grow in»
supportable: thence arose clamours and complaints of
intoieraUe oppression ; and these were represented in
a multiplying glass, with large additions and aggrava*
tions to the houses of parliament, so as it was made
common discourse diat the Scots came in for their as-
sistance» but were like to stary for their ruin» and if they
continued any longer in the kingdom» tbe northern
P|artB would be utterly wasted» and many famiUea pe-
rish. Further» by tbe industry of the sectaries» libels
and railing pamphlets were published, and informations
spread against the Soots» as covenant- breakers» aposi»
tates from the cause» and compilers with the malignant
party» the better to prepare the minds of the.peopk for
removing our army by force» if it would not willingly 4
but the kingdom of Scotland being desirous to apply
themselves to such fair and just ways as tended to an
imicaUe parting, and to the prevention of miaunder^
atandings between the kingdoms» did» in the b^inning
of Auguia» give power to their commissioners at Lon*
don to settle all differences concerning the pay of tiie
Scottbh army ; and the houses of parliament having
offered to pay presently two hundred thouMud pounds,
before the removal of our army out ofthat kingdom» and
other two hundred thousand pounds thereafter» thecoaoi-
missioners of this kingdom did» upon the 2d of Septem*
ber, declare themselves satisfied therewith» and passed
from their iormer claim» extending to very near ten hun*

dred thouaaad ponods» that it migbt qpfpear tp all the
world that the love of money was neither the wwe of their
coming into» or abode in that kingdom. There re»
mained no material difference betwixt the na^ons, save
only concerning the disposal of the king^s person, hia
majesty having refused to grant the propositions of
peace. Upon the 1 8th of September, the House of
Commons did vote, that the person of the king shall be
disposed of as both houses of the parliament of Engk.
land shall think fit» wherein the House of I«ords gave
their concurrence upon the 24th ; and a ^rand con^
mittee of lords and commons were appointed to confer»
consnlt, and debate with the commissioners of this kingr
dom concerning the disposal of the person of the kings
but before the nouses would give their consent to begin
this conference, they declared, that whatsoever consuluiF
tion or debate shall be with the commissioners of Scot-
land, concerning the disposal of the person of the king,
shall not be understood to be any capitulation or treaty
between the kingdoms, in relation to the retarding of
the march of the Scottish army and forces out of Lng^
land } to which our commissioners were necessitated to
agree, or otherwise to have no conference at all In
the conference thei^ were many and large debates for
several days } the houses of parliament claiming the
sole right and power in the disposal of the person of the
King of England, and our commissioners asserting that
both kingdoms had an interest in the disposal of his
person, whether he were in England or Scotland, being
king of both; but at length tne conference broke off
without any agreement Then the houses did again
begin to press the removal of the Scottish army out of
England, and most of Sir Thomas Fairfax's army
marched northwprd; complaints were renewed from
the north concerning their heavy pressures, and it was
suggested by the sectaries to divers members of the
House of Commons, that the Scots were resolved to
espouse the malignant quarrel, and intended no less
than the conquest of Englandj which was too readily
believed by many, even of those who were promoters
of Presbyterian government ; so much the ratheri that

474 APPENDIX. xxr*

satisfaction being offered in the month oF August by the
houses touching the pay of the army, and the total sum
ao^reed unto by the kingdom of Scotland on the 2d of
September, their army notwithstanding did still conti-
nue in the kingdom of England for the space of five
months, from the beginning of September until Febru-
ary.

The king's majesty, having stayed for a long time in
die Scottish army, though at first, when he cnme unto
them in the month of May, he seemed inclinable to give
satisfaction to his parliaments of both kingdoms, parti-
cularly in the matter of religion, having, in his letter of
the 18th of May, from the Scots Leagure at Southwell,
heartily recommended it to his two houses of parliament
to take the advice of the divines of both kingdoms as-
sembled at Westminster» for speedy finishing that pious
and necessary work ; and in his letter to Scotland of
the 19th of May, professed it to be his voluntary and
cordial resolution to join with his parliaments in settling
religion; yet, divers of the prelatical and malignant
party, having secretly got access to his majesty when he
was at Newcastle, he became altogether averse from giv«
ing satisfaction ; and, perceiving the stedfast resolution
of the Scottish army to adhere to the solemn league and
covenant, for reformation and defence of religion, be
proposed, in his answer to the propositions to the two
houses of the parliament of England, that he might come
to London, or any of his houses thereabouts, with free-
dom, honour, and safety, that he might further treat
upon these propositions of peace presented unto him ;
and upon the 20th of December, he renews his desire of
coming to London, or any of his houses thereabouts,
for a further treaty upon the propositions : This letter
coming to their hands upon the 25th of December, up
on the Sist they resolve that Holmby -house, in the
county of Northampton, hp the place which the houses
think fit for the king to come unto, there to remain with
such attendants about him iis both houses of parliament
should appoint, with respect had to the safety and pre-
servation of his person, in the preservation and defence
of the true religion and liberties of the kingdoms, ac-

XXI. APPENDIX. 475

cording to the covenant ; and when the king shall be
at Hotmby, as aforesaid» and the Scots forces gone out
of the kingdom of England, the two houses of parlia-
ment declare, that then they will be ready, according to
their former declarations for preserving the particular
rights of the kingdom of England, to join with the
kingdom of Scotland in employing their best endeavours
to procure bis mnjesty's assent to the propositions agreed
on by both kingdoms, and presented to his majesty at
Newcastle.

This vote both houses sent inclosed to his majesty,
and also to the commissioners of this kingdom residing
with his majesty at Newcastle, who forthwith transmit-
ted the same to the parliament then sitting in Scotland,
who, taking into their most serious consideration the
vote of both houses, and the necessity of the speedy re-
turn of their army from England, thought it their duty
once more to make their application to his majesty, be-
fore they took any resolution in relation to the disposal
of his majesty's person ; and accordingly they sent com-
missioners to his majesty again, with all earnestness and
humility to desire his assent to the propositions, as that
which was the only way to procure peace, and the most
effectual mean to establish and continue monarchical
government in his majesty's person and posterity, and
that his mnjcsty might be Induced to give his assent
thereunto, to remember his majesty, what were his pro-
mises when he came into the Scottish army, for fellow,
ing the advice of his parliaments, and to represent the
many advantages of his granting the propositions, and,
particularly, to give assurance in the name of the par*
iiament, that this kingdom \7ouId most willingly sacrifice
their lives and fortunes to establish his majesty on his
throne, if he should grant the propositions concerning
religion and the covenant, and give a satisfactory answer
to the rest of the propositions ; and, upon the other
part, in case his majesty should refuse or delay, then to
represent, that they found it not lawful for them to as-
sist his nifljesty for recovering the possession of his go-
vernment, his majesty not granting the propositions
concerning religion and the covenant, nor giving a sa-

476 APPENDIX. XXt.

tiifactory answer to tbe rest of the propositions ; that
they found his majesty^s coming iq Scotland dangerous
to the jcausej to bis majesty, to this kingdom, and to the
union betwixt the kingdoms^ and that both kingdoms
would be necessitated to take a joint course for disposal
of his person, until he shoMid give a satisfactory answer
to the propositions of both kingdoms. These earnest
desires and offers being made to his majesty, and the
dangers faithfully represented, and his miyesty hearken-
ing to the wicked counsels of those who never sought his
honour and happiness» but their own particular interest,
and refusing to follow the faithful advice of his parlia*
ment, upon the 16th of January 1647, the «states of
parliament passed a declaration, wherein, having con-
sidered his majesty's promises when he come into the
Scottish army, to follow the advice of his parliaments,
his refusal to grant the propositions of both kingdoms,
notwithstanding the frequent addresses of this kingdom
for that purpose, his mfgest/s desire to be in London,
or some of his houses near to his houses of parl^fiment,
and the desire of the two houses that he may come to
Holmby-house, promising the safety and preservation of
his royal person, in the preservation and defence of the
true religion and liberties of the kingdoms, according to
the covenant ; they did declare their concnrrence for
his majesty's going to Holmby-house, or some other of
his houses in or about London, there to remain until he
give satisfaction to both kingdoms in the propositions of
peace ; and that» in the interim, there shall be no harm,
prejudice, injury, or violence, done to his royal person,
that there shall be no change of government other than
had been for the three years preceding, and that his pos-
terity should noways be prejudged in their lawful sue*
cession to the crown and government of these king*
doms«

Together with this declaration, they sent some desires
to the parliament of England, that, when his majesty
should be at liolmby, committees from both kingdoms
should attend his majesty, and employ their best eiK
deavours to procure his msjesty's assent to the pro()ost-
tions of both kingdoms, presented to his majesty at New-

XTLh APPENDIX* 4??

castle; and, in ease the king shoold not give hi$ assebt
thereto, that the happy nnion betwixt the kingdofna
might be continiied according to the covenant and
treaties ; that, according to the hte treaty betwixt tfa6
kingdoms, no ceasatioh, nor any pacification or agreed
ment for peace whatsoever, shoald be made by either
kingdom, or the armies of either kingdom, without the
mutual advice and content of both, — and that none
should be debarred front having access to his majesty
who have warrant from the parHament of Scotland, dr
their committees thereunto authorized, whereunto the
houses of parliament did agree, and his majesty, at-
tended by a committee of both kingdoms, did repair U^
Ho Imby- bouse in the month of February.

The houses of parliament who were unanimous con-
cerning the removal of the Scottish army out of £n^
bftd, and the king's coming to Holroby-house, b^au
now to differ according to the different ends which thgr
had therein ^posed unto themselves ; for the whofe
House of Peers, very few excepted, and the lar greatest
part of the House of Commons, were resolved, if once
the Scottish army were removed out of England, to send
a considerable number of their own forces over into Irc^
land, to prosecute the war there, (the Lord Ormond
having declared his willingness to leave the sword, oxid
all the places under his command, to the House of Par-
liament,) and to keep up in England only so many
forces as was necessary to preserve the kingdom from
disturbance, and these under the command of such of-
ficers as had taken the covenant, and were well affected
to the work of reformation ; and their army being thtls
modelled, then to proceed to the settling of a peace with
his majesty, upon his grant of the propositions for reli-

g'on, and such satisfaction in matters civil as should be
und necessary for the safety and security of both kinff-
doma All which, these that did best understand the
affairs of England, and were most opposite to the sec-
taries, did think the Houses of Parliament were better
able to bring to pass without, than with the assistance
of the Scottish army, in regard to the many jealousies
both the parliament and people had of the continuing

478 APPENDIX. XXI»

of the Soottkh army in England» the coiuidenftion
whereof was one of the main reasons that moved this
kingdom to withdraw their army out of England, and
to agree to his majesty's going to Uolmby» tnere being
no ground to hope that the stay of their army could be
longer useful in that kingdom» when both friends and
foes were desirous of their removal.

Immediately after their return to this kingdom» and
bis majesty's going to Holmby» both houses passed an
ordinance for suppressing heresies and schisms» and an*
warrantable preaching ^ and appointed the 10th of May
for a day of humiliaiion» because of the growth of here-
sies and schisms i and ordained, that no loot should be
kept up in garrisons» and only five thousand four hun-
dred horse in the field, under the command of Sir Tho-
mas Fairfax» no other officer to be above the degree of
a colonel; no member of either house to have any
charge in field or garrison ; that all who should be em-
ployed should take the covenant, and conform to the
government of the church then established ; and none
who had been in arms against the parliament should
have any charge, or any profane curser, swearer, drunk-
ard, or other person who was scandalous in life and
conversations and that eight thousand four hundred
foot, and two thousand four hundred horse, out of* the
rest of the army, should go to Ireland i two hundred
thousand pounds were advanced by the city» at the de-
sire of the houses, to be sent to the army ; and such
forces as were neither to be kept up in the service of
England, nor would engage for Ireland» were appointed
to be disbanded on the 2d of June.

The modelling and disbanding of the array being
thus far advanced» his majesty, upon the i2th of May»
sent an answer to the propositions of peace» wherein be
did further condescend towards the granting of the de-
sires of his parliaments than he had done formerly» up-
on receipt whereof the House of Peers voted, that the
king should come from Hoimby, near London, to his
house at Oatlands» and desired herein the concurrence
of the Commons.

1 his is a true relation of what passed from the time

XXI. APPENDIX. 479

or his inajestj^'fl coming to the Scottish army in the
month of May 16i6, to the end of May 1617. And,
now, here we shall make a stand, aud desire all such as
have not yielded up their reason and judgment to pas-
sion and prejudice, to consider if, in all these transact
tions, any thing of disloyalty toward our king on the
one hand, or unfaithfulness in the matter of our cove«
nant toward the kingdom of England upon the other,
can be laid to our charge. Our chief study and en-
deavour hath been to render unto God the things that
are God's, to Csesar the things that are Cae«>ar's, and to
our neighbours the things that are theirs. We hope it
is made clear and evident to all that will judge impar-
tially, that there was no treaty betwixt this kingdom,
their committees or armies, with the king before hit
coming to our army, nor after his coming, but with ad*
vice and consent of both Houses of Parliament ; and
that it is a malicious wicked device, and manifest un»
truth, that we sold our king {—-we abhor the very
thought of it as sincerely as we do abominate the treach-
erous actions of that perfidious traitor James Graham,
who, as a child of the devil, hates to qseak truth. Let
the world judge what ground there is for this reproach
which wicked men would cast upon us, that we were
hired with money by England to agree, that the king
should come to Holmby, when the army got only two
hundred thousand pound of the arrears due unto them
for a very laborious service, and as a part of the great
expences they had been at by their expedition into Eng-
land, for the ends of the covenant; when, also, this
agreement for payment of their arrears was made, live
months before the king, with consent of both kingdoms,
went from Newcastle to Holmby, — ^yea, at that lime,
neither the kingdom of England nor Scotland had re*
solved any thing touching the disposal of the king's per*
son, whether he should come to London, or to some of
his houses near it, or stay at Newcastle, or go to Scot>
land ; all the debates about the right and interest to dis-
pose of the king, were subsequent to the agreement con-
cerning the total sum due to the Scottish army i and, if
there had been any transaction, public or priyate, be-

480 APPEKDU. IXU

twixt the kbffdoms in August 1646, when thejr agreed
coQcerniog the sums doe to the Scottish army, woold
the kingdom of England have borne the burden of en-
tertaining the Scottish army (being abore 20,000 horse
and foot) five monthsr thereafter, to their great charge
and expence ? What needed ali these long oebates about
the king in the painted chamber, betwixt the houses and
the commissioners of this kingdom, in the month of Oc-
tober, which were ako published in print i And what
needed these frequent addresses of the parliament of
Scotland to his majestyi in the months of November, De-
cember, and January, if ail was agreed on betwixt the
kingdoms in the month of August ? And bow incon-
sistent is any such agreement with the offer of the king-
dom of Scotland, very few days before his removal from
Newcastlei most willingly to sacrifice their lives and for-
tunes for establishing his majesty upon his throne, H
even then he would be pleased to give a satisfactory an»
swer to the propositions ? Certainly malice itself may
here stop its mouth, and forbear to lay any thing to our
charge in this particular. Neither can this kingdom be
justly accused of disloyalty or imprudence, in giving con-
sent to his majesty's going to Holmby, or some of his
houses about London, because of that which hath fol-
lowed since ; for counsels and resolutions must not be
judged according to accidents and events. Who coaH
at that time, have foreseen, that an army raised by the
parliament for their own defence, and which in profes-
sion so highly esteemed and magnified the authority of
parliament, would not only disobey their orders, but al-
so attempt such horrid things as they have since adven-
tured upon ? Surely when the Scottish army came oat
of England, it would have seemed not only improbable,
but incredible. The kingdom of Scotland did trust
his majesty's person to the honourable Houses of the
Parliament of England, who were as deeply engaged by
duty, oaths, covenants, and solemn profession tor his
majesty's preservation, as the kingdom of Scotland ; and
no question they would have preserved his majesty's
person from all injury or violence whatsoever, had they
not met with unexpected violence against their own per-

XXU APJPJSNDUU 481

BOSS s for, «Dlil the army did, by the power of the
sword» imprison and ledude the far greatest part of the
members of the House of Commons, and make void the
power of the House of Lords, they durst ngt attempt any
thing against his majesty's person. And what wonder
that we^ who were strangers, could not perceive the
depth of such designs, (if, at that time, there was any
formed design of that kind, which we very much ques^
tion,) when the Houses of Parliament did not foresee
their own ruin, and hb majesty himseU^ in the yea^
1647,. when the propositions of both kingdoms were
presented unto' him again at Hampton Court, in the
month of September, had such confidence in the army,
as he was by them induced to believe, that the«r pro-
pofcais did much more conduce to the satisfaction of all
interests, and might be a fitter foundation for a lasting
peace, than the propositions o(hoth kingdoms then teutm
dered unto him r And, in his answer of the 9th of Sq>.
tember, desired the two houses to take into their con-
sideration the army's propoaals, as the best way in his
judgment, in order to peace; yea, when his majesty, up-
on the 11th of November 1647, did retire from Hamp*
ton Court for the preservation of his person, which was
in danger, as he apprehended, from the levelling party
of the army, and was at liberty to have gone wliither
ho pleased ; yet so little did he fear any danger to his
persr^n from the chief leaders of the army, as he choosed
the Isle of Wight rather than any other place, that he
might still continue under the protection of the army, as
he doth profess in his letter of the 19th of November
16 4*7 to both Houses of Parliament.

As to the remainder of that which is said against us
by that wretched man, that we complotted his lat^
majesty's destruction, and have declared his son king
with provisos, robbing him of aU rights and are mcr^
perniciously batching the destruction of his present
majesty, than ever we did bis royal father's ; we say»
no person on earth has contributed more toward his
majestv's ruin than James Graham himself i and not
only the searcher of hearts, and our own consciencest,
but all our actions and proceedings will witness for us»

Hh

482 APPENDIX. xxn

that we are altogether free of the goilt of his majesty':}
destruction ; we never flattered bis majesty in any evil
way, nor advised his majesty in any such courses as
might beget differences betwixt him and his people ; our
counsels unto him always tended to his majesty's giving
satisfaction to the just desires of his parliaments, which,
through the Lord's blessing, might have prevented the
sad and deplorable condition the royal family is now
brought unto by wicked instruments, and we were still
so far from complotting his majesty's destruction, as we
ever freely imparted unto his majesty whatsoever pre-
judice or danger we feared to his person or posterity.
The estates of parliament of this kingdom, when they
first heard of the proceedings of the sectaries in Eng-
land against his majesty, and that some pamphlets had
been published there, insinuating the compliance of
some in Scotland with the wicked practices there, did
make strict inquiry at all the members of parliament,
upon their solemn oath, whether themselves had, or
they knew of any others within this kingdom that had
accession unto the proceedings of the jBnglish army
in felation to the kin^ or the houses of parliament, and
could not find that there was any within this kingdom
had any accession thereunto, which they forthwith pub-
lished in print, and caused to be made public in Eng-
land also, by their commissioners before his majest/s
death. And further, the commissioners of this king-
dom, upon the very first motion of proceedings against
the king, did, by their paper of the 6th of January
1649, represent how contrary it was to the Solemn
League and Covenant, and many solemn professions
and declarations of both kingdoms, and that such a
thing could not but continue and increase the great
distractions of these kingdoms, and involve us in many
difficulties, miseries, and confusions; they also en-
deavoured to have access to his majesty, but could not
And when a commission was given to certain persons
for his majesty^s trial, they did declare, that the king-
dom of Scotland did abominate and detest so horrid
a design against his majesty^s person, and, in the name
of this kingdom, dissent from their proceedings, and

XJa. APPENDIX. 488

the taking away of his majesty's fife ; and protest, that,
as the kingdom of Scotland was free from the same,
they might be free from all the evils, miseries,' confusions,
and calamities that might follow thereupon to these
distracted kingdoms. They did likewise employ their
best endeavours with the L.ord Fairfax and others, for
the preservation of his majesty's person, though with-
out the desired success. And in their paper of the
24tb February, they did expostulate with the Commons
then sitting at Westminster, for their breach of declara-
tions, protestations, oaths, covenants, and solemn en-
gagements, for taking away the king^s life by a violent
death, for their prohibiting to proclaim the Prince of
Wales king of these kingdoms, and for their votitig
away the kingly ofHce, and the House of Lords, and
claiming to themselves the authority of a parliament.
They idso desired, that nothing might be dohe which
mi^ht wrong King Charles 11. in his sucdession, as
righteous heir to the crown of these kingdoms ; that his
just right and title might be acknowledged, and, upon
just satisfaction given, he might be received nnd ad-
mitted to the exercise of his government; and protested,
in the name of this kingdom, against all contrary pro-
ceedings ; for which paper our commissiohers were put
under restraint for several days, and afterwards sent to
the borders of this kingdom guarded with a troop of
horse, and a letter being written from the prevailing
party in England to the parliament of this kingdom,
to know if they would own the papers of the com-
missioners, they did by their answer own and approve
their whole proceedings. And no sooner did they hear
of his majesty's death, but the very next day the whole
parliamc ut did cause proclaim his son the prince, in the
most solemn manner, King of Great Britain, France,
and Ireland ; and with all possible expedition acquaint-
ed his majesty therewith, and afterwards dispatched
away commissioners to Holland, with their humble
desires to his majesty, for settling religion in purity, and
his kingdoms in peace ; faithfully promising and obliging
themselves, upon his majesty's grant of their desires, to
do all for him that could be expected of loyal subjects to

4M AITJCNDIX. XXI.

thieir gracious king, «iid particularljr to contribute their
bestendeavours, by alllawiul and neoesaary meansi aceord-
ing to the covenant and the duty of faitbiul sul]jectSy that
his majesty might be restored to the peaceable possesaion
of the government of his other kingdoms » and notwith-
standing hifi majesty was not {ileased then to grant our
desires, but to dismiss our commissJoners without satis-
faction, promising a further answer by an express to be
seat by his majesty to this kingdom, and although that
express never yet came to Us, yet we have renewed our
humble and earnest desires to bis majesty by another
4uldress, now presently made to his maiei^ty in the Isle of
Jersey* And whereas, it is said, we have declared him
king with provisos, we desire it may be considered, that
we have demanded nothing of his mc^esty but that which
we are warrantjed to do i)y the laws of God and this
kingdom, and the example of his predecessors, and
which is absolutely necessury for the secarity of religion,
and the peace oi this kingdom* Our endeavour is to
walk in the plain straight way, neither falling off to the
malignant party, who would introduce an arbitrary and
unlimited government, and give loose reins to kiiogs to
.do what they please without the advice of the estates
of Parliament, noi* declining to the crooked paths of
aeotariee^ who woald undermine and subvert the funda-
mental and Ipng established government of the king-
dom, whereof our £ormer declarations^ and the late
answer of the parliament, the 26th of June last, to a letter
from the prevailiog party in England, dated at West*
minster ^d May 1649, may be a sufficient testimcmy.
^ we have received these grounds and principles con-
cerning religion and our civil lib^ties from our proge-
nitors, warranted by the word of God, and constitutions
of this kingdom, sp we have maintained the same witk-
out alteration these twelve years pa&t, from the first be-
ginning of these troubles, which were raised by our
adversaries, because we would not give way to those
innovations in religion and the civil government, which
they had designed and projected. And though many
in both kingdoms^ who have joined in covenant with us.

XXJl. AUFBNMX. 485

ikil away, some to the one side^ and some to the olber,
yet it is no smalt enoouragemem for as to coBthrae in
oar stedhstness, that we see very few of them th^t once
part from the way wherein they are engaged by cove*
nant| that can fix tbehr foot agairif until by degrees
they wholly backslide and fall ^way, either to one ex«
treme or the other ; and so at lensth invotf e theow
aehres in wajfs and courses, M^ich not only true
religion, but right reason» may justly condemn anct
abhor.

Having thus cleared the proceedings and ttamfiotiona
of this kingdom, whiA all along, from the ^ry first
beginning, cry aloud against this pasquiller, as an in^
pudent liar in aH that he saith against us in his declara*
lion ; we shall now speak a little concerning hie wicked
and disloyal carriage towards hk king and coantry,
wherein his own hand-writipg and the records ol
parliament will, in the first place, bear witness against
him.

In the beginning of our tronbles, the Lord hariog
put it into tm hearts o! his people of this land to renew
tlieir national covenanlt formerly tidcen by Rittg Jamea
in the year 1580, that dissembling hypocrite James
Graham» then E!arl of Montrose, did» #ith tcfars in hie
eyes, and both bis hands lifted np to heaven^ swear the
words of that covenant unto the I;ord in the pnUio
aasemUy of his people ; bat beings a man of a mean and
desperate fortnne, and not meeting with that esteem
and reward which be in his vanity prc^Mised to himself, at
die first paeiflcation he began to hearken to the promises
of the court, and to stiHiy a &etion within, and hold
cofveipondence with the adverse party without the king«
dom, and byihke information, to divide his majesty
lifom his people. His base and treacherous practices
wwe divers times discovered^ and himself made ashamed ;
yet would he not give over, until at length he was made
prisoner in the castfe of Edinburgh, and afterward
bron^t to his trial, before the committee for trial of
plotter» and incendiaries appointed by his majesty and
the estates of parliament, where he was found goilty of
peijnry and treachery ) and bad he then received his dne

486 ApPENmxr xxM.

pnnishinenl* according to jasUce, be bad not trouUed
the world since ; but such was the mercy and favour of
bis majesty, and the estates of parliament, as he was
pardoned, and no further censure inflicted upon him»
but that bis majesty declared, and caused it to be insert-
ed in the records of parliamenti that be should be in-
capable of any ofike or place in the court or common»
wealth, and not have access to his majesty's person;
yet not lot^g after his enlargement, contrary to bis own

Eromise, and the articles of the large treaty betwixt
is majesty and this kingdom, be repaired to bis ma-
jesty in England, and obtained a remission for invading
bis native country, which shortly thereafter be did at-
tempt upon the south borders, and was repulsed ; but
rather than fail in bis designs, be choosed to join himself
with that barbarous crew of Popish Irish rebels, which
invaded this kingdom upon the north, with whose as-
sistance, and of some unnatural countrymen, void of all
religion and humanity, taking advantage of the quite-
ness and security of this kingdom, when their armies
were abroad in England and Ireland, he did cruelly
destroy with the sword divers thousands of bis own
countrymen, spoiled many of their goods, burned bouses
and corns, ravished women, murdered old and young,
killed minihters, complied with Papists, countenano^
idolaters, and despised the worship of God $ for which
abominable crimes, and his rebellion and treason as be
was excommunicated by the church, so be was declared
traitor by the estates of parliament, his coat of arms
torn, and his estate forfeited. But for all this be is not
weary of committing wickedness, and, therefore^ would
return into this kingdom to overact all bis former trans-
gressions and abominations; but if he shall come, we
trust in God, it is that he may be brought to a shameful
death aiid cursed end, and here receive from the hand
of justice his deserved punishment, where be hath mur-
dered so many of the Lord's people, and, Julian-like,
bath made apostasy from that cause and covenant, to
which he was so solemnly engaged by oath and sub»
scription.
To gain supplies abroad» and assbtanoe at home»

XXU APPENDIX. 487

this vain man doth publish this his dedarationi under
the name and title of lieutenant-governor and captain-

feneral for bis majesty of the kingdom of Scotland.
Tpon what bare pretences he did formerly obtain a com**
mission • from his late majesty, to invade this kingdom»
we shall not now descant ; but we are very sure that
there was scarce any act his majesty could have done,
that was more destructive to bis own interest» or more
displeasing to this kingdom, it'being expressly contrary
to the ties and bands betwixt king and people ; and
here we may justly retort upon James Grahami that he
doth begin with the son upon the same score that he
left with the father» for whether he hath really obtained
such a commission from his majesty, or doth only abuse
his name, certainly he is not capable of doing his ma*
jesty greater disservice than is held forth in that decla-
ration. The king received our commissioners in Hol-
land, and the parliament's letter, and treated with them:
he denied that he had given any commission to James
Graham» or any other, to invade this kingdom i and
promised a further answer to our desires, by an express
from himself, which is never yet come unto us. The
strain and scope of the declaration makes the whole
nation the party whom his majesty gives commission
to invade and destroy j for it condemns all the proceed-
ings of the kingdom, even at the very first beginning of
these troubles, as the rebellion of an horrid and infa-
mous faction of rebels, at first causelessly hatched against
his late majesty, of glorious memory, notwithstanding
they were approved by his majesty in the year i6S9, at
the treaty at Berwick, wherein James Graham hinuelf
was an actor and consenter. It condemns all the pro-
ceedings of this kingdom in the year 1640, notwithstand-
ing his majesty is obliged in the large treaty, which is
ratified in the parliaments of both kingdoms, for him-
self and his successors, by his promise in verba principis^
never to come in the contrary thereof, nor any thing
therein contained, but to hold the same firm and stable
in all points, and that he shall cause it to be truly ob-
served by all his majesty's lieges, according to the tenor
and intent thereof, for now and ever; these are the very

4S8 AMENDIX. SXI.

words of the treaty. And now what can be imagined
to be a security to the subjects of this kingdom, if that
which their king is sdemnly engaged nnto by promise»
for himself and his successors, in verba principis^ and
confirmed in the parliaments of both kingdoms, sbafl
not only be questioned, but their desires therein
agreed unto by his majestyi declared to be violent and
most unjust. And all this is not enough to quarrel trea-
ties and established laws, and to accuse the whole na-
tion 'f but they are by this declaration accounted more
widced than any in England or Ireland ; this miserable
miscreant is better pleased with the sectaries, or the
Irish rebels, than with his native country ; wherein he
declares his apostasy to be of such a stamp, as he can
aooner reconcile with all the. world than with the cause
and covenant which he did once swear to maintain and
defend. If he may but sR and judge, all those in the
kingdom who have kept the oath of God, and made
conseience of their covenant, shall be found accessory to
the murder and ruin of the king ; and all those who
have peijured themselves, and made apostacy from the
cause and covenant, as he hath done, shall be justified
as the only righteous persons of the nation, as he is
pleased to style them in his declaration. Neither is this
the height of his insolence and ambition ; but, in the
fr<mtispieoe of that pamphlet» he is exalted to be gover-
nor of Scotland, as if it were a province or conquered
nation, a title which our ancestors would never endure
in the person of any but the king $ and we trust in God
it «hall never take place in this nor any subsequent se-
nerations. Is it not a sad and lamentable thing, that
when his majesty hath lost possession of the kingdom of
England, is in little better condition for Ireland, and
only Scotland is desirous to embrace him upon grant of
their just desires, there should yet be such counsellors
about his majesty, as would advise him no odierwise to
come to his throne in Scotland but by conquest j and
before the conquest be made, to declare the governor,
and to chuse that governor such a one as is more wsne*
rally hated, by many degrees, than any person of the
niition ? What greater provocations can be given than

XXI. APPENDIX. 489

these ? or what design worse than this can be set on
foot» to make his majesty and his people irreconcileable ?
Bat we know that no bounds can be set to the wicked-
ness of this malicioas man, who bad rather see both king
and kingdom utterly ruined, than that his own designs
should fail ; and, therefore, we are very unwilling to think
that these things are done with his majesty's knowledge
and approbation, but rather that his majesty's name is
abused in that pretended declaration ; or if there hath
been any commission granted unto him, that it hath
been surreptitiously purchased from his majesty ; in
which opinion we desire to rest, and shall patiently wait
for his majesty's answer to our desires, now again pre*
sented to his maiesty in the Isle of Jersey.

These things being duly weighed and considered by
foreign princes and states, we trust that, since we have
never done any injury or wrong to them, but have ra«
ther been ready to perform all friendly duties in our
power, as we have had occasion and opportunitv, and
seeing we only desire to enjoy our religion and liberties
ander bis migesty, according to the word of God, and
the laws and constitutions of this kirk and kingdom, and
are most willing, upon just satisfaction given to our de-
sires, presented to his majesty, and published to the
world m print, not only to receive his majesty, and sub«
mit to his government, but also to contribute our best
endeavours, by all lawful and necessary means, accord*
ing to the covenant, and the duty of faithful subjects,
that his majesty may be restored to the peaceable pos-
session of the government of his other kingdoms ; they
will be mindful of that common rule of justice, known
by the light of nature, and confirmed by our Saviour
vhrist, ** Whatsoever ye would that men should do to
you, do so to them." And, therefore, as they would ex-
pect from us in the like case, we do expect from them,
that they will neither contribute men nor monies, nor
\ any other aid or assistance to a declared traitor, who is
peitber seeking his majesty's honour and happiness, nor
. the good of his native country, but merely to satisfy his
own lasts, and ambitious ends and designs.

Bat, in a special manner, we do expect from all Pro*
testant princes and states, that they will remember what

490 APPENDIX. XXU

was said to Jebosopliat for assisting Acbab, ^ Sbouldest
thou help the ungodly, and love them that hate the Lord i
therefore is wrath upon thee from the Lord.'' And that,
as they desire to keep the communion of saints, they
will forbear to give him eitlier countenance or assistance,
but look upon him as a person justly excluded from civil
society for bis reasonable practices, and excommunicaU
ed from the church of Christ for his abominable tran^
gressions.

If be shall come into this kingdom, we are confident
that all those in whom the sense of the fear of God, du-
ty to the king, and affection to their native country, is
not utterly decayed and extinguished, will heartily and
unanimously join to resist and oppose him, and to use
their best endeavours, that he may be brought to con*
dign and exemplar}' punishment.

But if there shall be any found in the land so foolish,
base, and treacherous, as to hearken to the vain promises,
and empty professions of that scandalous, wicked, and in-
famous pnmphlct, published under the name of " A De-
claration of his Excellency James Marquis of Montrose,
Lieutenant-governor, and Captain-general for his Majes-

Sof the Kingdom of Scotland," (which, in detestation
ereof, we have caused burn publicly at the cross of
Edinburgh by the hand of the common hangman,) and
shall aid or assist the said James Graham, in his wick«
ed designs against religion, king, and kingdom, we do
hereby declare all such as shall join or concur with him,
or his adherents in arms, to be guilty of high treason,
and to be punished and proceeded against, as the par-
liament, or their committees, shall think fit ; and do
further discharge all persons, of whatsoever quality or
degree, to join with them in any oath, band, or associa-
tion whatsoever, or to assist or supply them and their ad-
herents, or any of them, with men, money, arms, ammu*
nition, victual, counsel, or intelligence, or to keep any sort
of correspondence, public or private, with them, or any
ways to aid or countenance them, or any of them, un-
der the pain of being esteemed as rebels, and proceeded
against as the parliament, or their committees, shall
think fit ; and this we declare to be instead of all letters

XXII« APPENDIX. 491

o( intercommuning. And power and warrant is hereby
given to all good subjects within this kingdom, to rise
in arms for opposing and suppressing all such as shall
join in rebellion, as they shall be called and required
thereto by the lord general, lieutenant-general, or any
others having authority for that effect. And for the en-
couragement of all such as shall suffer in opposing or
suppressing them, we do farther declare, that not only
the losses and sufferings of such as shall be active in the
cause against them, shall be taken in special considera-
tion, and repaired out of the estates of such as shall join
in rebellion, as aforesaid ; but their service shall be re-
warded, according as they shall be found to deserve.
And we do ordain these presents to be printed and pub-
lished at the market-cross of Edinburgh, and other ordi-
nary places of publication neidful.

A. Johnston, Cl^ricus RcgistrL

No. XXIL

List oftJie Prisoner's taken and killed hy Colonel
Strachan, when he defeated Montrose^ pub'
lislied at Edinburgh a few days after the Bat'
tie.

Prisoners* Captain Lawson,

Lord FrendrifUght, Captain Lieutenant Gustar,

Major. gi'Dcral Urry, Lieutenant Verkin,

Lieutrnant.colonel Stewart, Lieutenant Andrew Osen,

Lieutcnant-rolonel Hay, bro- Lieutenant Robert 1 ouch,

ther to the Laird of Naugh* Ernestie Bucrham,

ton, Lawrence Van Luttenburg,

Major Clark, Lieut. David Drumniond,

Captain Mortimer, Lieutenant William lloss,

Routmaster Wallenson, Lieutenant Drummond,

Peter Sans, captain of dra- Lieutenant James Dun,

goons, Lieut. Alexander Stewart,

Captain Warden, Cornet Ralph Murray,

Captain Aucbinleck, Cornet Henrick Erlacb,

Captuin Spotiswood, Cornet Daniel Bennick,

Captain Charteris, Robert Grabam, ensign^

49^ APV£KDix. xxm.

Ilans Boez, ensign, Laird of PitMdeh younger.

Two ifuarterroasters, itandkfrcLbearer,

Six seijeaiita» John Douglas, biotfaer to tba

Fifteen cqrponiU, Barl of Morion,

Three druromers» Mi^r Lylie,

Two trumpeter», Major Biggar,

Three hundred eighty-six sol- Captain Stirling,

diers, Captain Powal|

Mr Kiddie, . 1 ^;«;.*.«, Captein Erskine,

Mr Meldrum, J ""^*^**- Captain Swan,

Captain GariocH,

Officers killed. Lieutenant Home.
Laird of Pourie Ogilvie,

No. XXIU,

The Last Speech of Colonel WilUant Sibhald, m^
tended to have been spoken by him at his Exe^
cutionj Jth January 1650.

111

Gentlemen, I am broMght this day to this place» Co
ay a dqbt to nature before it be due ; and by the ma-
lice and cruelty of my merciless enemies, I am senteooed
to die a traitor to my country, for endeavouring- to do
service for my king, on whose happiness and welbre
does depend the welfare of these kingdoms; and to
whom I am hound, both by the law of God and man^
to perform all faithful and loyal service. And as the
cause for which I suffer proclaims my loyalty, so their
sentence does declare to all the world their disloyalty,
and their intentions against the king.

Their self-guiltiness makes cowardly spirits cruel;
and such were their proceedings agaiuht me, as that I
could not obtain an aavocate to plead for me» nor any
man skilful in the laws, either to advise with me, or to
write my defence» though they knew me to be igno-
rant of the laws; thus is my innocence and integrity
betrayed, partly by their malice and my own ignorance.

The truth is, they did profer to do me any courtesy or

XXin. APP£NDU« 40S

fiivour, if I would make an k^nuoa» confeMumi Aai
ist accuse some noblemen and gendemen of keeping cor-
reepondence wilh bid roigesty» or widi die If arquie of
Montrose; whicb, if I had done» I deserved to have
been branded with perpetual infamy ; for I never knew
any man in this kingdom that did keep oorrespondence
with tfaeoi ; neither nad I oommuBion from his majes*
ty^ or the Marquis of Montrose, to treat with any. I
did indeed speak with some nobleoEkepi and gendemen»
because I was formerly obliged unto them for their love
to me» and did expect from them small assbtance to
furnish me in my journey \ but I never spake with them
concerning the public affiiirs» any farther than the week-
ly gazettes made known to all the world. If these great
fish could have been taken in our statesmen's nets» it
night have been that such a minim as I shoukl have
escaped the bailiff of the fish-markefs hands this day*

1 have been from my youth a soldier» And though
that calling in itself be honourable» yet men in that calling
have greater occasions and provocations to sin than in
any private calling. Besides» naturally my youth led me
to some abominable sins» and custom in them for many
years detained me captive unto them ; so that I cannot
but confess» that to me appertaineth shame and oonfu-
aion in this life» and damnation of soul and body eter-
nally in hell's fire» if God sheuld deal with me accord-
ing to my desert My comfort is» that the blood of my
Saviour cries louder in his ears for mercy than my sins
do for vengeance; and that He who hath promised a
free piBu:don and remission uuto all penitent sinners»
through faith in Jesus Christ, will purge and cleanse my
soul from all uncleaoness» and deliver me from all bk)od-
guiltiness» by the blood of his Son our Saviour. The
true sorrow that I find in .my soul for my former sins»
and that godly resolution and stedfast purpose I have to
lead a new life» if it please God to continue it» together
with the joy» the patience» and the courage I have to
suffer» gives some assurance of this blessed hope» that»
through faith in Jesus Christ my Saviour» my penitent
soul» Uiough sinful» shall be saved.

496 APPENDIX. XXV.

Cakole» si poMem lachrymis apquare dolorem
Ipse meum fatumque tuunii tua funera flerem,
Ut tellus nitidis rursum stagnaret ab undis :
Sanguis at ille tuus, quum vocem ad sidera tollat,
Atque manus Briarei mage quam Argi lumina p<Mcat;
Exsequias celebrabo tuas, clangore tubarum,
£t tumulo inscribam profuso sanguine carmen.

No. XXV. •
In praise cf Women.

When heavVs great Jove bad made the world's round

frame»
Earth, water» air, and fire ; above the same
The ruling orbs, the planets, spheres, and all
The lesser creatures in the earth's vast ball :
But, as a curious alchimist still draws
From grosser mettals finer, and from those
Extracts another, and from that again
Another that doth far excel the same ;

* The Earl of Montrose, amid hit mona aerioiu Tocatbas, contriv-
ed to find time for gal)^mf7» and the composition of amorous verses,
of which the subjomed have been preserved. Bishop Guthrie tells us,
that, ^ when Montrose was imprisoned, ( 1 64 1^) his chamber in the Ca-
nongate, where be had lodged, being, by onier of the committee,
searched, and no papers of correspondence with his majesty found there-
in, the Lord Sinclair (then more furious in the cause than afterwards)
was commiasionated to go to Old Montrose, the earl's chief dwelling-
house, and search what he could find there to militate against him.
At his coming he broke open his cabinets, but found nothing therein
belonging to the public aiffairs, only instead thereof he found eome
letters from ladies tohim^ in his younger years, flourished with Arcadian
compliroentt, which, being divulged, would possibly have met with a
favourable construction, had it not been that the hatred carried to
Montrose, made them to be interpreted in the worst sense.

'* The Lord Sinclair's employment having been only to search for
papers of correspondence betwixt his majesty and Montrose, in relef^
ence to public afiairs, he was much blamed by men of honour and
gaUantry for publbhing those letters, but the rigid sort had him in
^eater esteem for it."

XXV# AFPBKDIX. *97

So fram'd he man of elements combin'dy

IT excel that substance where he was refin'd ;

But that poor creature» drawn from his breast»

Cxcelleth him, as he excelled the rest ;

Or as a stubborn stalk, whereon there grows

A dainty lilly, or a fragrant rose.

The stalk may boast, and set its yertues forth.

But, take away the flower, where is its worth ?

But yet, fair ladies, you must know

Howbeit I do adore you so ;

Reciprocal your flames must prove,

Or my ambition scorns to love.

A noble soul doth still abhofe

To strike^ but where its conqueroun

Pari First.

Mt dear and only love I pray

This noble world of thee.
Be governed by no other sway

But purest monarchie.
For if confusion have a part»

Which vertuous souls abhoret
And hold a synod in thy heart,

ril never love thee more.

Like Alexander I will reign.

And I will reiffn alone^
My thoughts shall evermore disdain

A rival on my throne.
He either fears his. fate too much.

Or his deserts are small.
That puts it not unto the touch,

To win or lose it alL

But I must rule and govern still,
And always give the law.

And have each subject at my will»
And all to stand in awe.

But Against my battery if I find
Thon shun'st the prize so sort,
li

498 AFPBNPIX* XXY.

As that thoii set'st me vp a blindj
I'll never love thee more*

Or in the empire of thy heart,

Where I should solely be»
Another do pretend a part.

And dares to vie with nie»
Or if GOioinittees thou erect.

And goes on such a score,
m sinff and laugh at tby neglect^

And never love thee more.

But if thou wilt be constant then.

And faithful of thy word,
ril make thee glorious by my pen,

And famous by my sword.
ril serve thee in such noble ways

Was never heard before ;
rii crown and deck thee all with bays.

And love thee evermore.

Part Second.

Mt dear and only love, take heed.

Lest thou thy self expose.
And let all longing lovers feed

Upon such lool» as those.
A marble wall then boikl about,

Beset without a door ;
But if thou let thy heart fly out,

m never love thee more*

Let not their oaths, like vollies shot.

Make any breach at all ;
Nor smoothness of their language plot

Which way to scale the waU {
Nor balls of wild-fire love consume

The shrine which I adore $
For if such smoak about thee fiime»

I'll never love thee more.

xxy« APPENDIX. 499

I think thy virlnes be too strong

To suffer by surprise ;
Which victuai'd by my love so long.

The siege at length must rise,
And leave thee ruled in that health

And state thou was before ;
But if thou turn a common- wealth

PU never love thee more.

But if by frandi or by consent^

Thy heart to ruine come,
ril sound no trumpet as I wont,

Nor march by tuck of drum ;
But hold my arms, like ensigns, up.

Thy falsehood to deplore.
And bitterly will siffh and weep,

And never love thee more.

1*11 do with thee as Nero did.

When Rome was set on fire.
Not only all relief forbid.

But to a hill retire.
And scorn to shed a tear to see

Thy spirit grown so poor ;
But smiling, sing until I die,

ni never love thee more.

Yet for the love I bare thee onco,

Lest that thy name should die,
A monument of marble-stone

The truth shall testifie ;
That every pilgrim passing by,

May pity and deplore
My case, and read the reason why

I can love thee no more.

The golden laws of love shall be

Upon this pillar biihg,
A simple heart, a single eye,

A true and constant tongue.
Let no man for more love pretend

Than he has hearts in store !

500 APPSNDix^ zxir*

True bve begun shaU never end ;
Love one and love no more.

Then shall thy heart be set by mine.

But in fiur different case ;
For mine was true» so was not thine»

But lookt like Janus' face.
For as die waves with every wind»

So sails thou every shore»
And leaves my constant heart behind.

How can I love thee more ?

My heart shall with the sun be fix'd

For constancy most strange»
And thine shall with the moon be mix'd».

Ddighting ay in change.
Thy beauty shin'd at first most bright»

And woe is me therefore»
That ever I found thy feve so light»

I could love thee no more.

The misty mountains» smoaking lakes»

The rocks resounding echos
The whistling wind that murmur makes»

Shall with me sing hey ho.
The tossing seas» the tumbling boats»

Tears droping from each shores
Shall tune with me their turtle notes»

rU never love thee more.

As doth the turtle chaste and true

Her fellow's death re^rete»
And daily mourns for his adieu»

And ne*er renews her mate;
So thouffh thy faith was never fast»

Which ffrieves me wond'rous sore»
Yet I shalllive in love so chast»

That I shall love no Aiore.

And when all gallants rides about
These monuments to view»

^xv. Appmmx. 501

Whereon is written in and oat»

Thou traiterous and untroe |
Then in a passion they shall pause,

And thus say, sighing sore,
Alas I he had too ju&t a cause

Never to love thee more.

And when that tracing goddess fiune

From east to west shall flee.
She shall record it to thy shame.

How thou hast loved me ;
And how in odds our love was such,

As few has been before ;
Thou loved too many, and I too much.

That I can love no more.

There's nothing in this world can prove

So true and real pleasure.
As perfect sympathy in love.

Which is a real treasure.

The purest strain of perfect love

In vertue's dye and season,
Is that whose influence doth move,

And doth convince our reason*

Designs attend, desires give place,
Hopes had no more availeth ;

The cause remov d the effect doth cease,
Flames not maintained soon faileth.

The conquest then of richest hearts.
Well lodged and trim'd by nature.

Is that which true content imparts.
Where worth is join'd with feature.

Fill*d with sweet hope then must I still

Love what's to be admired ;
When frowning aspects cross the will.

Desires are more endeared.
6

502 4PP£NDiX^ XXV

Unhappy then unhappy I,

To joy in tragick pleasure.
And in so dear and desperate way

T'abound yet have no treasure.

Yet will I not of fate despair.

Time oft in end relieveth,
But hopes my star will change her air.

And joy where no^ she grieveth«

Burst out my soul in main of tc^ars.

And thou my heart sif^hs tempest muve.

My tongue let never plaints forbear,

But murmure still my crossdd loire ;
Combine together all in one,
And thunder forth my tragick moan.

But, tush, poor drop, cut bi^eath, broke air.

Can you my passions express f

No : rather but augment my Care,

In making them appear the less.

Seeing but from small woes words do come^
And great ones they sing always dumb.

My swelling griefs then bend vour self

This fatal breast of mine lo fill.

The center where all sorrows dwell.

The limbeck where all griefs distil.
That silent thus in plaints I may
Consume and melt my self away.

Yet that I may contented die,
I only wish, before my death,
Transparent that my breast may be,
E're that I do expire my breath ;

Since sighs, tears, plaints, express no smart.

It might be seen into my heart.

^ntVI. APPENDIX* 60S

Can litde beaats with lions roar,
And little birds with eagles soar i

Can shallow streams command the seai,
And little aunte the humming bees ?

No, no, no, no, it is not meet

The head should stoup unto the feet.

On False Friends^ a Poem by MorUrost.

Unhappy is the man

In whose breast is confin'd
The sorrows and distresses all

Of an afflicted mind.
Th' extremity is great,

He dies if he conceal ;
The world's so void of secret friends,

Betray'd if he reveal.
Then break afflicted heart I

And live not in these days.
When all prove merchants of their faith,

None trusts what other says.
For when the sun doth shine,

Then shadows do appear ;
But when the sun doth hide his face,

They with the sun retire.
Some friends as shadows are,

And fortune as the sun j
They never proffer any help

Till fortune first begin.
But if, in any case.

Fortune shall first decay.
Then thev, as shadows of the sun,

With fortune run away.

504 APPENDIX. XXTin

No. XXVI.

Verses wrote by the Marquis of Montrose^ with
the point of a diamond^ upon the glass window
of his prison, after receiving his sentence.

Lbt them bestow on every airth a limbi
Then open all my veins, that I may swim
To thee, my Maker, in that crimson lake,
Then place my par-boii'd head upon a stake;
Scatter my ashes, strow them in the air.
Lord, since thou knowest where all these atoms are* .
I'm hopeful thoul't recover once my dustf
And confident thoul't raise me with the just.

No. XXVII.

Extract from the Mercurius Cakdonius.

Edinburgh f Monday^ January 7, 1661.
This day, in obedience to the order of parliament,
this city was alarmed with drums, and nine trumpets,
to go in their best equipage and arms for transporting
the dismembered bodies of his excellency the Lord Mar-
quesse of Montrose, and that renorned gentleman Sir
William Hay of Dalgety, murthered both for their
prowes and transcending loyalty to king and country,
whose bodies, to their glory and their enemie's shame,
bad been ignominiously thurst in the earth, under the
publike gibbet half a mile from town. That of the Lord
Marquesse was indeed intended for ignominy to his high
namCf but that of the other, ambitiously covet by him-

\ self as the greatest honour he could have, when being
incapable to serve his majesty longer, to engrave nigh
his great patron, which doubtlesse proceeded from a

I faith typical of a more glorious one. The ceremony
was thus performed :— The Lord Marquesse of Mon-
trose, with his friends of the name of Graham, the whole
nobility and gentry, with provest» baiilies, and councel,

j together with four companies of the trained bands of the
cityi went to the place, where having chanced directly

TEVnii APPENDIX* 505

(however poesibly persons might have been present able
to demonstrate) on the same trunk» as evidently appear-
jod by the coffin, which had been formerly broke a pur»
pose by some of his friends in that place nigh his chest»
whence they stole his heart, embalmed it in the costliest
manner, and so reserves it As also by the trunk itself
found without the scull, and limbs distracted in the four
chief towns of the nation ; but these through the indus«
try and respect of friends carried to the martyre, are
soon to welcome the rest. That other of Sir William
Hay of Delgety, was as surely pluckt forth, lying next
to that of his excellency. The noble Lord Marquesse
and his friends took care that these ruins were decently
.wrapt in the finest linnen ; so did likewise the friends of
the other, and so incoffined suitable to their respectful
dignities.

The trunck of his excellency thus coffined, was cover-
ed with a large and rich black velvet cloath, taken up
and from thence carried by the noble Earls of Marre»
Athol, Linlithgow, Seaford, Hartfield, and others of
these honourable families ; the Lord Marquesse himself»
his brother Lord Robert, and Sir John Calquhoun, ne*
phew to the deceased Lord MarquessCi supporting the
head of the coffin, and all under a very large pale, or
canopy, supported by the noble Viscount of Stormond,
the Lords Stranaver, Fleeming, Drumlanerick, Ramsay,
Matberty, and RoUock. Being accompanied with a bo-
dy of horse of nobility and gentrv, to the number of
200, rallied in decent order by the Viscount of Ken*
mure, they came to the place where the head stood, un-
der which they set the coffin of the trunk on a scafiPold
made for that purpose, till the Lord Naper, the Barons
of Morphy, Inchbrakie, Urchell, and Gorthy, and se^
verail other noble gentlemen placed on a scaffi)ld next
to the head, (and that on the top of the town's tolbooth,
six story high,) with sound of trumpet, discharge of ma»
ny canon from the castle« and the honest people's loud
and joyful acclamation, all was joyned and crowned with
the crown of a marquesse, conveyed with all honour be-
fitting such an action to the abbay church of Holyrood-
house, a place of buriall frequent to our Kings, there to

606 APPENDIX. stmu

continne in state, untill the noble lord hit son be ready
for the more magnificent solemnization of his funerals.

All our solemnities, both that of the high commis-
sioner's reception, that of riding the parliament, and
this great honour done to the memory of the grand ex-
ampkr of loyalty his excellency the Marquesse of Mon*
trose, was accompanied with infinite acclamations of the
people; great volleys of shot by the city companies, and
thundering of canon from the castle. It's many years
since those sparks of loyalty has been smothered by the
ashes of tyranny. It's true, though a considerable part
of our nation were the first that transgressed upon their
duty, yet they never reached the length of a boundlesse
disobedience, for they no sooner discovered the depth
of the treason wherein their rebelious confederates in
England would have ensnared them, but they presently
faced about to their allegiance, and it is well known to
tbe world, that, since the year 1648, there was never a
people enterprised such honourable aad probable waves
to redeem former escapes then we did ; and though it
was the pleasure of providence to disappoint our designs,
yet we never grudged neither at our imprisonments,
the losse of the dearest of our blood, nor devastation of
our fortunes ; and which is our grand comfort, we have
attained so much knowledge as never again to be jug-
gled out of our reason, under the notion of spacious pre-
tences $ for the drowsiest clown of our most northern
islands can with contempt smile at the cheats of liberty,
and the good old cause. And, therefore, the bla^he-
mers, rumpers, and other antimonarchicall vermin in
England must cast about some where else then for com-
panions in Scotland.

No. XXVIII.

A Relation of the True Funerals qf the Great
Lord Marquesse of Montrose^ his Mqjestie's
Lord High Commissioner, and Captain General
of his Forces in Scotland. With that qf the
renowned Knight Sir William Hay qfDelgity.

God Almighty's justice and revenge of murder is so
frequently recorded by many famous historians, that no-

XXVm. AlPPENDIX. 60J

thing shall be said here on that theme in general^ lest 1
should grate on some^ who, though subtiiei hath been sur
prised in their subtiltj, while they divested themseves of
Christian maxims, to raise themselves through humane
policy by the ruin of the most eminent, and yet that their
promised stability hath been overturned, and their cut out
^vays damped and overclouded with abysses and darkness.
The briquais and returns of Providence of this native,
discovered in our late unnatural civil war, are testimonies
sufficient to convince and confound the most peremptory
atlieist of the eternal and immortal deity, that will suffer
no wickedness (under what specious pretences soever, of
reformation or good cause) to pass unpunished* I shall
not mention these ambitious spirits who grounded their
proper advancement by overthrowing religion and law ;
how, 1 say, some of them vagabonds are exposed to shame
and deserved obloquy. But the divine Providence teach-
eth us to make this difference, that when virtue and loy-
alty hath groaned and suffered under tyranny and oppres-
sion, in the end they have been crowned with fame and
admiration, as our dread sovereign and noble Parliament
would have it witnessed in tlie celebration of the great
Marquis of Montrose's funerals, in the highest and ma^
nificent grandeur, to counterbalance the height of mali*
cious invention exercised on him to the full. The par-
ticulars of the honourable ceremonies will, in true and ex-
quisite heraldry, display the several dignities he had, either
as a peer of the land, or charged with his majesty's sen*
▼ice ; so, in a proportionable manner, we shall shew the
honour done to the memory of that renowned colonel»
Sir William Hay of Delgity, who, suffering martyrdom
with him in the same cause, ambitioned his funeral under
the same infamous gibbet, prophetically certainly, that he
might participate with him the same honour at his first
bodily resurrection. This his request was easily assented
to by these monstrous leeches, whose greatest glory was
to be drunk and not in the blood of the most faithful sub*
jects. May, even some of those whose profession should
have preached mercy, belched out that the '^ Good work
went bonnily on,'' when the scaffold, or rather shambles,
at the cross of Edinburgh, for the space of six weeks, was

508 APPENDIX. XXYIIU

daily smoking with the blood of the most valiant and loyal
subjects. But we proceed to the funeral pomp, hopiqg
that these glorious martyrs are praising and glorifying
God, while we are amusing ourselves in this scantling
transitory following description: From the abbey chuich
of Holyroodhouse to that of St Giles in the high towi^
the funeral pomp was as folioweth ;

TwQ conductors in mourping, with black staves.

Twenty-five poor in gowns, hoods, the first of which
went atone next to the conductors carrying a gumpheon,
the other twepty^^four following two and two, carrying the
arms ofc he house on long staves.

An open trumpet clothed in rich livery of the mar*>
quis colours, carrying his arms op his banner.

Sir Harie Graham in complete armour, on horseback,
carrying on the point of a lance the colours of the bouse :
this noble gentleman accompanied his excellence in all
his good and bad fortunes, both at hoiue and abroad.

Servants of friends in mourning two and two.

The great pincel, with his arms carried by John
Qraham of Douchrie, a renowned (ijghUnd Hector, and
one who stuck peremptorily to the present Marquis of
Montrose in the last expedition under his Grace the Lord
Commissioner ; he is best known by the title of Tetrach
of Aberfoil.

The great standard in colours, with his arms, carried by
Thomas Graham of Potento, a hopeful cadet of the an-
cient family ol Clarissa*

An horse of \iar, \iith great saddle and pistols, led by
two lacqueys in livery.

The defunct's servants, two and two in mourning.

An horse in state, with a rich footmantle, two lacqueys
in rich livery, and his parliament badges*

Four close trumpets in mourning, carrying the defunct's
arms on their banners*

The great gumpheon of black taffety carried on the
point of a lance, by William Graham, younger of Dun*
uum, another sprightful cadet of the house of Clarisse.

The great pincel of mourning carried by Geoiige
Grahame, younger of Cairuie, who, from his first entry tQ
manhood, accompanied his chief in the wars«

XXVm# APPENDIX. S09

The defunct's friends, two and two, in mourning*
The great mourning banner carried by George Graham
of Inchbrakie, younger, whose yotithbead only excused
him from running the risks of his father*
• The spurs carried on the point of a lance by Walter
Graham, elder of Duntrun, a most honest royalist, and
highly commended for his hospitality.

The gauntlets carried by George Graham of Drums^
on the point of a lance, a worthy person well becoming
his name.

The head piece by Mungo Graham of Gorthie, on the
point of a lance, whose father had sometimes the honour
to carry his majesty's standard under his excellency ; his
great sufferings and forfeiture is enough to speak his action
^nd honesty.

The corslet by George Graham of Monzie on the
point of a lance, a brave young gentleman, whose father
fell in his majesty's service under the defunct.

A banner all in mourning, by John Grahame of Bal-
gowne, who likewise hazarded both life and fortune with
his chief.

The lord provost, bailies, and burgesses of Edin-
burgh, two and two, ail in deep mourning.

The burgesses members of parliament in mourning,
two and two.

The barons members of parliament, two and two, in
mourning.

The nobles in mourning, two and two.
Next followed the eight brauches, first of the mother's
side.

» Halyburton Lord Dirleton, carried by William Haly-
burton of Bittergask.

Douglass Earl of Angus, by Sir Robert Douglass of
Blackerstoun, a most worthy person, and great sufferer
tor his constant adherence to his majesty's interest.

Stuart Lord Methven, by Stuart Sheriff of Bute ; it is
to no purpose to commend their loyalty, or to doubt of it,
when the relations of their predecessors to his majesty's
progenitors is considered.

Ruthven of Gowrie, by William Ruthven Baron of
Gairnes, a gentleman of clear repute and honesty, suitable

tflO/ APPENDIX* xxynx»

to his noble and faliant cousin the Eart of Forth and
Brandford.

Next on the father's side,

Keith Earl of Marshal, by Colonel George Keith, bro-
ther to the said earl, a noble gentleman, whose bebavioiir
in his majesty's service discovered him a worthy inheritor
of his illustrious progenitors»

Fleming Earl of Wigtoun, by Sir Robert Fleming, son
to the said aerl, a gallant soul, carved out for his king and
country's service, as are all his family, witness hia noUe
uncle Sir William Fleming.

Drummond Earl of Perth, by Sir James Drummond of
Machiny, one whose fidelity to king and country was never
brought in question.

Grahame Marauis of Montrose, by James Graham^
Baron of Orchelf, whose life and fortune never caused
him scruple to advance the royal interest

The arms of the defunct in mourning, by Jamea
Gndiam of Bucklevy, son to the Baron of Fentry, a gen-
tleman which nothing could ever startle from his nuyesty's
service, and that he was a favourite of the deceased, and
accompanied his son in the late Highland war, is sufficient
to speak his praises*

An horse in close moumii^, led by two lacqueys in
mourning.

Four close trumpets in mourning, with the defunct's
arms on their banners.

Six pursuivants in mourning, with their coats displayed^
two and two.

Six heralds with their coats, as followeth :

T*he first carrying an antic shield, with the defunct'*
arms on it.

The second carrying his crest.

The third his sword.

The fourth his targe.

The fifth the scroll and motto.

The sixth his helmet.

Two secretaries, Master William Ord, and Master
Thomas Seintserf.

Then Doctor Middleton and his chaplain.

His parliament robes carried by James Graham of

XXV^n# APPENDIX. 511

Killern, a gentleman whose merit, besides his birth, pro*
cured this noble employment.

The general's baton, by Robert Grabame, elder of
Caimie, a brave and bold gentleman, who, from the be-
ginning of his chiefs enterprises, never .abandoned him,
and one whose fortune endured all the mischiefs of fire and
devastation.

The Order of the Garter by Patrick Graham, Baron
of Inchbrakie, elder, a person most eminent for his ser-
Tices upon all occasions, and the only companion of ihe
defunct when he went first to Athol, and published his
majesty's commission.

The marquis's crown carried by Sir Robert Graham of
Morphie, younger, a noble person, no less renowned for
bis afiection to royalty, than for his kindness and hospi-
tality amongst his neighbour gentry.

The purse carried by David Graham of Fentrie ; this
noble gentleman's predecessor was the son of the Lord
Graham, then head of the house of Montrose, who, upon
a second marriage on King James the First his sister, be-
got the first Baron of Fentry, which, in a male line, hath
continued to this baron ; and, as their births was high, so
their qualifications hath in every respect been great, for
in all ages since their rise, nolhing unbecoming loyal sub-
jects, or persons of honour, could be laid to their charge,
and he who possesseth it now can claim as large a share as
any of his ancestors.

Next before the corps went Sir Alexander Durham,
Lion King of Arms, with his majesty's coat displayed,
carrying in his hand the defunct's coat of honour.

The corps was carried by fourteen earls ; viz.

The Earls of Marr, Morton, Eglinton, Caithness, Win-
ton, Linlithgow, Home, Tillibardin, Roxburgh, Seaforth,
Kallender, Annindale, Dundie, Aboyn.

The pale above the corps was likewise sustained by
twelve noblemen, viz., the Viscounts of Stormont, Ar-
buthnot, Kingstone, the Lords Stranaver, Kilmaurs, Mont»
gomery, Coldinghame, Fleming, Gask, Drumlanerick,
Sinclar, Mackdonald.

sit APPENDIX. XXVUTp

Gentlemen appointed for relieving of those who car-
ried the cofBn under the pale.

Earls sons, Sir John Keith, Knight Marshal, Robert
Gordon, Alexander Livingstoun, Sir David Ogilvie, the
Barons of Pitcurr, Powrie, Fotheringhame, Cromlis, Aber«
caimy, Ludwharne, Denholm, Mackintosh, Balmedie,
Glorat, Cahoun, Braco, Ciaigie, Morphie, Bandoch,
elder and younger, and the ingenious Baron of MiuorgaD,
and John Graham of Creek ie, who likewise accompanied
the Lord Marquis in his travels in France and Italjr.

Next to the corps went the Marquis of Montrose and
his brother as chief mourners, in hoods and long robes
carried up by two pages, with a gentleman bare-headed
on every side.

Next to him followed nine of the nearest in blood,
three and three, in hoods and long robes, carried up by
pages ; viz.

The Marquis of Douglass, the Earls of Marshall, Wig-
toun, Soutbesk, Lords of Drummond, Matheiti, Napier,
Kollo, and Baron of Luz, nephew lo the defunct.

Next to the deep mourners went my Lord Commis-
sioner, his Grace in an open coach and six horses, all in
deep mourning ; six gentlemen of quality going oo every
side of the coach in deep mourning, bareZheaded.

The Corps of Sir William Hay of Ddgiiy followed im
thU order.

Captain George Hay, son to Sir John Hay» late Clerk
Register, carried the standard of honour.

William Ferguson of Badyfarrow the gumpbeon.

Master John Hay the pinsel of honour.

Alexander Hay the spurs and sword of honour.

Master Harie Hay tbecroslet.

Master Andrew Hay the gauntlets.

Next followed his four branches.

Hay,— House of Arrol, carried by Alexander Hay#

Lesly, — House of Bonwhoyn, by George Lesiy of
Chapleton.

Forbes,— -of the house of Forbes by Forbes of

Lesly.

XXYin. APPBNDIX. 513

Hay,— Of Delgity, by Robert Hay of Perk.

Two close trumpets in mourning.

Then the corpse garnished with scutcheons and epi-
Upbsy attended by the Earl of £rrol, Lord High Con-
stable oi Scotland, the Earls of Buchan, Tuadau, Dum-
friesy Kingfaomy the Viscount of Frendraught, the Lords
Ray, Fraser, Foster, Master Robert Hay of Dronlaw,
George Hay of Kininmonth, with a multitude of the name
of Hay, and other relations.

As the good town of Edinburgh was never wantbg to
the celebration of loyal solemnities, so they appeared
highly magnificent in this, for their trained bands in gal-
lant order ranged both sides of the street betwixt the two
churches, and, as the corpse of the great Montrose was
laying in the grave of his grandfather, who was viceroy,
they did nothing but fire excellent voUies of shot, which
was answered with thundering of cannon from the castle ;
the same was done to the Baron of Delgity as he was in-
terring by his general's side* There was two things re-
markable, the one, that, before the beginning of the so*
lemnity, there was nothing but stormy rains, but the corpses
no sooner came out, but fair weather, whh the counte*
nance of the sun, appeared, and continued till all was
finished, and then the clouds returned to their frowns, and
the storm begun afresh. The other, it was observed, that
the friends of both the deceased had wedding counte-
nances, and their enemies were howling in dark comers
like howlets. Some say that there was then a kind of
collective body, or sort of spiritual judicatory in town,
that would not be present at the funeral, lest the bones of
both should bleed.

Never funeral pomp was celebrated with so great jol-
lity, neither was it any wonder, since we now enjoy a
king, laws, liberty, religion, which was the only cause that
the deceased did so bravely fight fpr, and who would not
be {;ood subjects, since there is so great honour paid to
their memories, when we see traitors for their villany has
their carcases raised and buns upon gibbeu, as was the
late Cromwell and others. All that belonged to the body
of this great hero was carefully recollected, only his
hear^ which, two days after the murder, in spite of the
Kk

514 AFMKDXS* XtVm»

tndtorsi was, by the conveyance of some advenliiroM api-
rilf appointed by that noUe and hoaounUe lady:, the
Lady Napier, taken out and embalmed in the moat costly
manner by that tkilful chirurgeon and apothecary Mr
James Callender, then put in a rith box of gold, and sent
by the same noble lady to the now Lord Jdarfnis, who
vras then in Flanders.

The solemniUes being ended, the Lord Commianonert
with the nobility and Imrons, hiMl a most soaipUioiis aup*
per and banquet at the Marquis of Montrose's house,
with concerts of all sort of music*

*^ The foHowing aeeooat of the Marquis's faaeral is printed htm
aaonginalMS.

The Order of Monirmti FuneraUiSf nhnscorpes wu carted
Jrom the Abbay Church ^ HoUeroodhmts, to ike Greai
Church ofEdin. on SHterduy the Wth ofMmj^ 1661.

In finty ther was oot of E^n., Wast Pdrt, Patera, out of Lehh,
Ldtb Wynd, and Carnictait, as companies of foot, aU in good
kippa^ and weil anned, drawn up in the Abbsy ck» ; the whole
streetus from the Abbty gait, set m both tydes wkh some of the
said companies, to the Mercat Cros of Edin. The rest of the said
companies marched thro' the middle of the strnt, till they cam to the
Mfercat Crosy and thor drew up in bodies upon both sydb of the
streattis, and tbtrraafter tbe kin^s lormiard being UkewayW ^rawia
up in the Abbay dot, marched up m streettis nist the foot com-
panies in good order whh tmmpettis and drawm swordis, and march-
ed the length of the Lane Mercat, where the dra^nn up and stood in
order.

An the bdlis of Edin. and Cannogut ringing aH the whyk^ widi
thegfcat coBunon bell jowing and tollng.

llie two condnctens m mourning, with aae grumpVion aad 94
salia in long goums and bhk coattii.

Ane open trumpet doathed b lireray, with the cuQeris of the
defunct at hb baner.

Ane gantUman n compleat armor, with aae plam of feadierii in
hit hdoMt of the cnOont of the defuncds pateraall onUorit.

Servantit of friendit^ 8 and s m oiurning.

Johne Orahame of Deucharie caried the.greatpintellof hooor,*
with ittit full atdiievement.

Thomas Grrahame of Potento caned the great ttandart of honor
with ittit full atchiofensant.

Ane hone mounted with ane great tadle, pittoUiii and other things
fit for senrice, led by a lekay in livery.

His pardcalar tervandit 2 and S in moumbg.
IS

xarau afpbmdix. SIS

Nothing here was wanting for completing the solem»
nkies liut the good old custom of a sermon, which (in re-

Bit FariianMiit hone, with rich foot mantle, led by two lekayu in
livenN and hadgM on hA and bieast.

The foor tnunpettb in mounuDgi carying the amn of the ddwnct
onbothsydit.

William Grahame of Duntrnqnc^ yowgcr, cvied the great
grumpheon on the poiot of ane lance.

Geoige Grahame» younger of Caimie» caried the nuninuAg piaiell*

Hm friend» s and i in mourning.

Walter Grahame of Duntroone caried the ipurrii.

Alexander Grahame of Dreanie carkd the «uirlettif.

George Grahame of Monzie caried the conkic bak and breast.

Muago Grahame of Gorthie caried the hmi peace.

Johne Grahame of Balgovne caried the great mourning banner,
with ittis whole atchiTement*

£i^ geotiJi|un caried the eight branches via. William Halybar«
ton ot Buttergaifc for Dirletoun, Sir Robert Douglas of Biakemoun
for Douglas and Angus, Stewart of Boot, for Stewart, Lord ,

William Euthren of Gatme, Colonel George Keith for the hqus d
MarKhall, Sir Robert Flemyng for the hous of Wigton, Sir James
Drummond of Machanv for the hous of Pearthf James Gcahsme of
Urchile for the hous of Montrose.

Capt. James Grahame of Bucklyrie caried the defonctis ermis
in blak ta&tie, which was the mumine baner.

Ane horse in asouming led by two wayis in muming.

l<list 4 trumpettis in mumingt haying the defunct» armis at their
baneris.

Nist them six pursuivants in order two and twa

Kist them six heraldis, the first carying an antiq)ue Khidd with
the def unctis anpis thetrou» another carving his creisti another his
sword, another his targe, another his scroll and diton» and ane other
careing his hefanct.

Ut William Ord and Thomu Sydserff secretaries.

Mr John Laine cheaphunev Doctor George Midletoun, phisitian.

James Grahame of Killeamie caried the raiiament n^^s.

Robert Grahame of Caimie» elder, caried the eider of the garter.

Grahame of Morphie caried the crown.

Grahame of Fimrie caried die purse with the commission*

The defunctis coat of armeij caried by the Lyon King at Arms
19 rourning.

Twell noblemen caried the pal^ viz. Viicounu Stormoni, Arboth»
not, and Kingstoun. Lordis Straoavcrt Kilmauris» Montgomerie^
Coldingham^ and Fleming» Gask, DrumUoericfc, Sinclair, Mae»
donald.

For careing the corpis under the pale, the Earles of Mar, Mortone,

dl6 APPENDIX. xxvni.

gard of the true and exceltent character of the great Mon*
trose, given by that learned and ever loyal Doctor George
Wishart in his book De ]^bus Montis ros^ &c.) was tSe
more easily dispensed with, and^ indeed, it b a sufficient

Atliolly Eglintoune» CaithneSy Ltnltth^ovr, Homey Roxbai^y Tiifli-
bardiney &afo^ CiBendery Anoandailli Dundiey and Aboyine.

Barronis of qualitie to waitt on both sydis of the pale, for relienqg
tbe noblemen, viz. Sir John Kdth» knight mandaXt, Robert Gordon,
8one to the Earle of Satherlaad» Mr Uvbgitauaet brother to the
Earleof Linlithgow» Sir David Ogilvie^ tone to the Earle of Airfie^
the Lairds of Pitcur, Parioy Crondis, Abercaimiet Lndirhaime, Mac-
intosh» Gloret, Allexander» Colhoun» Bahnedie> Strowane.

The chielT mumerb with hood» and long robot caried by pages,
^mth ane gentifanan bairheidat on everie syd» and nyn of the neareat
noblemen in the samyn habits» marched time and tlffie, viz. Bdbrqnis
of Douglas» Earles of BAanhall» Wigtoun, Southeik, the Lordis
Dnimmond» Madertie, Naper, RoUo» and the Laird of Los.

It was forgot» that just after the king's loveguard was the whole
magiatrater and town cooncell of Edin. all b mnnrng» marehdM
ta condie order.

At the lifting of the corpisoot of the Abbay Kirk» the haill cannon
of the castill» the hatll foot companies of Edin!^ Leith» and Cannogak«
with the king's loveguard» gave all fyr at ane with taking oi dm mis»
sound of trumpettis» and ringing of bellis» and at the ingoing of the
church» the second roley» aftid the third at his unerring.

Just after the pale was the Commissioner» his Grace in hb coatch»
and hones» ooatch and all in nninnng; the coatdr being all open»
but four stoupis that caried on the cover of it.

And after the commissioner's coatch was the corpis of Dagitee»
with all his honors caried before him» and many noblemen and gender
men about the corpia.

It was a gallant fair» sooneshine day» ay quite the corpb was m*
terred» and long after.

Thair was twa great thing» remarkit at this hennckis funeralL
The first is» that it was never hard tell of since the worid began, boc
at the burial of any defunct» the iriendia mumed» and the ene«
mies rejoiced» but heir the just contrair» at tbia herdkk*a fione-
rali the fhendis rejoiced and the enemies nuiraed» ane paradox in«
deed.

The second it was marked, that from the Abbay gait to the
Luckinbootbis» thair was neither ttau*, bakonie^ window» nor sclH^t»
bot thair was ifaces looking out at them to see this heroick sight» boc
onlie on» qnhich was the bakonie and window of the Ladie Hoomie
hous, quhair all the world sayis that * ^ * was contry ved, for
ther was no creater on that bakonie, nor looking out of thear win-
dows."

10

XXVIII. AFPBIIDIX. '517

monument to perpetrate his memory to eternity. How-
ever, because die book is in the language of the Beast,
which haply some will scruple at, and many not under-
stand for their satisfaction, 1 have glanced at the charac-
ters of these two noble and crownad martyrs. And, first.
It is known that he is head and chief of that most ancient
and famous family of Grahams, called in our old Scots
language, the Great Graem. Tlie rise of the race is from
that Graem so famous in history, father-in-law to Fergus
the Second, King of Scotland, from whom he received
lands for his signal service in demolishing the vallum $e^
Teri, which to this day is known by the name of Graem's
Dike, and is still in possession of the noble Marquis
of Montrose. If the heroic actions of this late martyr
could be more splendid by these of his ancestors, we
could mention the valiant Graham, who so often baffled
the Danes then masters of England, and Sir Juhn the
. Graham, who gave so much trouble to Edward King of
England, who took occasion of the difference twixt the
Bruce and Raliol to invade our country's liberties. But
the^e and many others of that ancient race I pass to basp
ten to our martyr, only this, his grandfather's memory is
yet fresh for his great services to king and country, both
as Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, aud viceroy of this
kingdom, his father likewise for his singular eminences,
both of body and mind, inferior to none, who, after he had
acquit himself most honourably of several royal ambas*
sages, was, to the great loss of hb country, taken away by
untimely death. But to pass much which might be said
of the fame of his progenitors, I shall acquaint you with
both I know myself ^having followed him several years
in his expeditions) and what I have learned from others
of good name and credit. He was of a middle stature,
and most exqditttely proportioned limbs, his hair of a
light chesnuty his complexion betwixt pale and ruddy, his
eye most penetrating, though inclining to gray, his nose
rather aquilin than otherwise ; as he was strong of body
and limbs, so was be roost agil, which made him excel
most of others in those exercises where these two are re^
quired. In ridii^ the great horse and making use of his

518 ABnamui. xxms.

arms, be came abort of none. I neTer heard maeh «f his
delight in dancing, though bis counteiHlnce and other hk
boWily endowments were equally fitting the court as the
camp. In bis younger days be travel led France and
Italy, where he made it 'his work to pick up the best
of their qualiiies, necessary for a person of faonouty hat-
ing rendered himself perfect in the academies. His next
delight was to improve bis intellectuals, which he did by
allotting a proportionable time to readings and conversing
with learned men, yet still so, that he used his exercise as
be might not forget it ; he studied as much of the mathe-
matics as is required for a soldier ; but his great study was
to read men, and the actions of great men ; thus be spent
three years in France and Italy, and had surveyed the
rarities of the east. If his domestic affairs had not ob-
liged his return home, which chanced at that time the late
rebellion began to peep out, the conspirators knowing his
great abilities, and the great esteem he had amoogst the
people, sought by all means to ensare him with them-
selves, and so wrought in him a discontent, that, notwith-
staodiug his grandfather's, his father's eminent services,
together with his own merits so highly deserving, yet he
bad not the honour of being counsellor. Besides, diey
knowing how good a patriot he was, they left not that
string untouched by persuading that his majesty intended
to provinciate us, and to introduce popery, with which
and the like cunning forgeries bom in upon htm by some
setting, &c. kept a purpose for that use ; they got him as-
sociated in the cabal, but bis generous soul soon after his
engagements smoaked out their hypocrisies and rotten en-
terprises ; and from that time, which was in the latter end
of anno l659» he abandoned them and faced about to
his allegbnce, resolving to sacrifice all was precious
to him in his majesty's service ; and, accordingly, disco-
vered all the engmes of the plot, the many circumstances
of which must be left to the historians of the time. In
the end of the year l64S, when a great party of our na-
tion had beeu» involved against the king in England, be,
with the help of a thousand Irish, gave opportunity to
the royalty party to bestir themselves and join with him,
with whom he established an army more consisting in the

Asmmx. C19

valour than number of persons» m was seen i» » year'ft
spsice» in whi^k h^ dearly gaioed six battles, wbere there
Cell 20^)00 of the rebels» In the iDam^ment of this ser*-
vice, thougb be had never been bred a soldier, jet be
shewed adffiifable knowlec^ in the art of war; and
though be never confined binself to the practioe of othev
nations, yet be never did any thing but with strong reason,
1)19 stratagems seldom missing of being successful ; bis vi-
gilance and toil were wonderful, that the enemy knew not
wbere he was till he was on them, and he again never ig«
norant of their place, strength, and condition. His figbt
-was still on the plains, though the hills were advantageous
to him ; his cavalry, not being the fourth part of the ene*
mies, but all of gentlemen, particularly of these noble
families of Gordons and Ogilvy • He shewed greatest cheer-
fulness in his greatest extremities. If his infantry at any
time scrupled the wading of little rivers, he was the first
dismounted to shew others the way, and this banished all
riepining. He accustomed himself to coarse feeding and
constant drinking of water, he knew tfaey were still to be
found, so that the want of delicacies should be no tenta^
tion to him to weary of the service. He had many op-!
portunities of large sums of money, but shunned the mak-
ing use of them, knowing he could never enjoy both tbeir
hearts and purses^ ever inculcating to them that bis ma-
jesty demanded nothing but the performance of their duty
in point of allegiance. Indeed, the propagators of the good
cau#e had a religious way to enrich themselves, by flaying to
the very skin the royal party, whom they termed Egyptians.
It was wonderful with what dexterity lie kept his army en-s
tire without pay or plunder, which his behaviour did strange*
ly undeceive the people, that neither his majesty nor his
followers were such heathens as (hey were held out to
them by their black mouthed jvrics. Nay, he was
most happy in restoring fanatical enemies to their wits/
either by convincing them of their erroneous «course, or
persuading them to join with him, and this was according
to one of his own principles^ viz. That a person in piil^
lie employment should rather court the people for his
prince's inte rest, than bis prince for his own. If this rule
were exactly followed by all favourites, it would snaootber

aao APPCNBDc* xanu

all dangerous beart-buniiogs, and contribute bighly to ao«
cure the people's afiectiona to their king. His vast know*
ledge iu military and state affairs was admirable ; he was
pleasant and witty in conversation, with an affability in
private becoming a comrade; scandalous and obarcne
wit durst not appear before him. In this sort he made
war in Scotland against his majesty's enemies for the space
of eighteen months, bearing the trophies of six battles»
with the defeat of six armies ; and no doubt he had con-
tinued victorious if the art of trepanning had not been pie-
valent; however, the slur he received at Pbilipsbaug^
was not the cut-throat of his majesty's army, for throi^
his enemy he made way to his friends in the north, though
far off, where his presence gave life to drooping spirits,
and in a short time made up so considerable forces as
could give check to the insulting enemy. But his majes*
ty coming to Newcastle, put a period to that war. tiere
our hero was as conspicuous for his passive obedience
as either he or bis noble ancestors were for their most de»
serving actions* His army he had so endeared to him'
that they would hsve followed htm upon any account ;
but, according to the commands received from his majes*
ty, he capitulated nobly for these gentlemen who had ac-
companied him in the service, which capitulation was
most sacredly and inviolably kept by that noble person
vriio treated with him. The marquis, in obedience to his
majesty's orders, went to attend the queen's commands at
Paris, where he staid for some time, casting about and
designing in several nations what was conductble for his
majesty's recovery; at length» weary of delays, and im*
patient of action, he came to be surprized as he was en-
terprising to come to his ancient friends, whose gallant
behaviour in the former war had made both him and them
so famous. I shall not speak of his barbarous usage
whilst he viras prisoner, because they were countrymen,
and pretended to be Christians ; but as to himself, never
martyr for the cause of Christ went with greater cheerful»
ness to the fire than he did embrace all the indignities put
on him, and all without vanity or pageantry as many are
used to do on such occasion?. His composedness and
gravity can scarce be mentioned without hyperboles.

xmn** AFSBHinx.' 521-

When be vf9B feiSed end die Ue put opon him, (by biai
whom Caledoniu» called the Athenian Hocufli) he re-
turned no olber answer than, that he had heard him speak
to better parposeat other times. He was frequent in hia
devotions and heaveoij meditations, and hating reconciled
himself with a true contrition to his gracious God, he adr
vanced to finish his course with a coniageous grasritj and
pious modesty, as his glorious martyred master had done
before ; which carriage turned the hearts of his enemies
who came to insult at the butchery, and generally the bar'»
barity of his usage was condemned by all ; and truly it is
to be regretted to think how some on the scaflfold (espe-
cially a little Levite) laboured to discompose his soul by
their horrid upbraidings and reproaches, but his iraspeak»
able Christian and mild behaviour shewed how firmly it
was fixed in the state of grace. I shall say little more
of this great martyr, then what was said of the Reverend
Archlnshop of Canterbiiiy, martyred on the same account^
when a worthy knight was in a contemptible jeering way
demanded what his epitaph should be, he answered, that
so long se St Paul's church stood, and his book preserved,
he codd neither want monument nor epitaph ; so I say,
so long as his history is in being, and the heaps of stones
which covered his enemies' carcases in Tippermoor,
Aberdeen, Ennerlochy, Aldem, Alford, and Ktisyth are
lasting, he can neither want the one nor the other, and
that is so long as there is a summer to succeed the spring,
and the celestial bodies to termiaate their usual course.

A word now to the noble cavaKer that accompanied
him in the same fortunes, and with the same genius, though
in a lesser sphere. He is descended of that ancient and
noble family of the £arls of Arrol, chief of the name of
Hay, Lord High Consuble of Scotland heiitabiy. The
establishment of this family is most famous in our old re»
cords and histories; their honours and estate were confer»
red by King Kenneth the Third on this occasion. The
Danes, at a battle, had put to a disorderly retreat the
Scottish army, which one named Hay, with his three sons,
being (as the story goes) at the plough, perceiving, stop-
ped them at a narrow pass, and what with threats, and
wthat with piersuasive notionsi, animate them to ralh emf

3»

to turn face, they goaq; on with d» fomnoaly ymtk Midi
arms as their ploMgh with iu accoutreineola did funridi
them» where they shew such eminence of wlour io a nraal
fiirioos charge, ihai immediately victory atteaded theaiiy
wick ihe total overthrow of the enemy. For which great
action the king gave them a faulcon*s iigkt of the choioert
land, ennobling the», and giving them for their arnu, io
a field argent, three bloody shields, a faulcon in crest, and
two savages for suppofftersy the motto Servo jugmau This
noble rise being eight hundred years ago, may well place
them amongst the most honourable families in Europe,
and thus for his extraction, being the first cadet of this
family. His youthhead he spent in Germany, under the
eonunand of his imcle, the renowned Count Lesly, great
chamberlain to the emperor ; but hearing that his nuu
jesty was in war with his rebels, he shook off all especl»»
tions of preferment there, and came home with the tender
of his service to his majesty, where first, with the great
M. Montrose and the valiant Lord Ogilvy, he g»ve many
and singular proofs of his prowess in his majesty's service
in England, till the affairs of Scotland drew him thidier,
in which service, with his general, how eminent be was
hiB sufferings shew ; he never dispute the command put
on, though carrying never so many difficulties and daiu
gers, which he always judiciously and hardily put in exe*
cutton. His stature was much of that of the Marquis of
Montrose, but more square» of great bones, his iiadbs
equally |)roportioned, of a very flaxen and bushy hair, his
complexion rarely delicate, red and white well mixed,
such as a lady would have who would vie for beauty, of
disposition affable, a stock of courage and liberality be»
coming both soldier and gentleman. His constancy at
his death shew well he repented nothing he did in order
to his allegiance and majesty's service, to the great Aame
of those who threatened him with their apocnrphal ex*
communications, to which he gave no more place than
our Saviour to the Devil's tentations. He was mnrther-
ed the next day after his seneral the Lord Marquis.
Many other noble gentlemen s murthers in the same na»
tare I will not name at this time ; yet I cannot pass
that of John Spotswood, grandchild to the Archbi-

ynu AB¥BSva^ 39S^

sbop erf St Antitm\ wha died id coiite, and nqpih««^ t9
the great Sir Bobert SpoUwood, butckered in the like
mmroer. This saaie young gefttlemanf on his knees, ready
K> lay bis head on the block» bad these self same foUoww
ing words : '' O Lord, who hath been gracionalj plewtd
to bfing me through the wildernesa of his world, I tniat
at this time you will waft rac trter this s^a of Mood to tbjr
keavenly Ganaau/' To which heavenly ejaculation, a ai»>
Bister standing by replied, ** Take tent» take tent, Sir,'
that you drown not b^ the gate;'' an eapression anfficicrtt
to have distracted an ordinary soul : bnt onr martyr Chrts^^
tian answered, '* He hoped he was no Egyptian/' whkrh
lie delivered with such Chrietian modesty» that the loat
stole away in the crowd, being confounded. His duck.
Sir Robert was no otherwise dealt with by another of
the brethren, being on the scaffold at St Andrew^
for the same just cause : In his speech to the peopiey
while he was recommending to them their duty and obe^
dience to the khig, especially so good a king» one inter-
mpted him» and forbaide the people to believe bin, being»
tbe son of a hdae prophet, meaning that great light m tba
church his father, the archbishop of the place. Hence
may the people learn it they ought to trust the doctrine of
their allegiance to such ones who drenches themselves in
the binod of the best subjects, whose fame and acts shall
serve as eaampies of future loyalty, gallantry» and piety ;
and it is hoped that none will be so mad again as to wor-
ship meteors, when God almighty hath provided a shining
sun, our lawful ano dread sovereign,, whom God long
preserve. Amen, Amen.

ELoeiUM TtTKULO Insckibbndom*

Jmmortati, vet it Nobilitatis^ inaquandce Masnanimita*
tiSn incontaminati Honoris^ et intemerata Tidditatis^
Magni Gram Memoriec Sacrum.

Si» quia hie jacet i quaeris viator ; Magnus hie est ille
Montisrosaium Marchio, generosi genii suae familiae ge-
nerosus ha^res : qui, virescentibus adhuc» licet annosis» ma-
jorum suorum palnjiji, tot victrices contexuit lauros, ut, si
omnes illi huic uni, an unus hie illis omnibus plus gloriae

M4^ APPBNOIX. XXVIII.

coDtttleiit, sate ait nefiu. Hie est nobilis ille Montiv-
roflarum Marchio ; qtii, si prosapift, an virtute, illufltrior,
conailioy an dextert^, promptior, aul», an castris^ charior,
piincipibua suia, an exteris, gratior, perduellioois maileos
durior, an monarchic assertor acrior, fanift» an fortuni, cki-
rior, in vitil denioue inairaior, an in morte constantior,
exstiterity diciA dimcile. Hie eat, viator^ magnus ille dnx,
ducum sui sseculi facile princeps ; dux, qui» cum pedi-
turn manipulo, (ne dicam excercitulo,) pane inermi, vict&s
et amictfta inop^, cans» aequitati, ducis magnanimitatp, et
gladiis confiso suisi ingentea bostium acies armatas, duode-
cim mensiam plus minus spatio, aepties Vidit, Vicit, De*
levit Majora haec oculati Caesaris victorii. Sed, proh
inatabilem lubrici fati rotani ! Qui arma, caatra^ oppida,
turresy propugnacula, qui frigus, famem, aitim, inaccessa
montium juga» immo omnia auperare consueverat» Uuidem
maligno fortun» errore victus, nequisaimi hostibus tradi-
tttSy quid non passus ! Protomartyns regis sui martyr pe-
diasequus, plus quam barbaro inimicorum furorii (niai tam

Bneroao sanguine implacabili,) et efframae praestigiatorum
ruidum insoientiie^ victima obiatus, invictam malia ex-
apiravit animam. Sic concidit nobile illud diadematb
fiilcrum I sic occidit resplendens ille Caledonix pbospbcK
rus! sic occubuit magnus ille Martis alumnus! etcumilloy
maacula ^ua?que superfcetantis virtutis suboles, per obste-
trices indigenas, ipsis J^gypuiscrudelioresy trucidata I Post
undecennium, ossa effodi, membra recoiligi, et, per proce-
rea et regni comitia, i cqsnobio regio S. Crucis, per me»
Ijiropolin aummo cupi splendore, ad sedes D. iBgidio aa-
cras comitata, impensis regiis, sub hoc monumento mag-
nifico, cum avo suo nobili, quondam Scotiae prorege, sepe-
liri mandavit auguatiasimus regum Carolus Secundus, ini*
perio suo divinitils restitutus. Vale viator, et, quisquia es,
i^menaam sereniasimi priucipis ergo suos pietatcm, et
posthumum bunc Magm Grami, pristinsB suae glorias redi*
fin, cole triumphum*

J E*
Miles PhiMjranm Pa.

XXyiII# APPSNDBt. 52ff

M the Funerals of the Lord Marques$e of Monlrote,
1661.

Hbrb reinterr'd Montrose lies, though not all^

AbU too ntrrow were one funeral!.

So Orpheus corps descerpt by wicked furie.

His friends Apollo and the Muses burie.

That head, his enemies' trophee, and their shame,

Which oft hath been a Gorgon unto them.

The badge of their foul pemdie and pride.

When to their soveraign's view they own'd the dead.

Had scarce been three months mounted when as all

Like Cesar under Pompeys statue fall :

Brought doivn by their own aleis, and that sin

Which like the sin of Nebat's son had bin..

Ten years the land's deboacb, religion's mock,

Drew on for ten years more a foreign yoke ;

Till by the revolution of Heaven s face,

Montrose gets glory, and the land gets grace.
When after ages shall recount his worth.
And read his victories on Die, Tay, Forth,
Atchievements noble of a loyal band
Upon a btainsick faction of the land i
His conduct, his submission to the crown,
T* advance, arro*d or unarm'd, and lay arms down :
His scome of lucre, care of keeping faith.
His matchless constancy in meeting death.

Theyll doubt what epithets, great, generous,

Suit best, or loyal, or magnanimous.

Whether more splendor to his name do bring,
His actings or his suffrings for his king.

W. D.

Come here and read varieties^

A man of contrarieties

Most loyal to his king, althoiigb

A traitor to the kingdom ; so

His countrymen he still opprest ;

Yet still his prince's wrongs redrest

He did invade his native land.

Yet wanted ne'er his king's command ;

«06 AJWBKDIK» IXfIXr«

Hi^ couotrymen he fought, be kijrdl.

Yet ue'er but traitors' blood he spiU'd,

He scourg'd the land, did tyrannize.

Yet only rebels did chastize.

He caus'd the subjects' liberties,

Ad^anc'd the king s prerogatives ;

Our edficts he did still neglect^

Th* ancient laws he did respect ;

An apostate he branded was,

Yet still roaintain'd the * good old cause;

He likM not well our church's fornii

Yet to the Scriptures did conform.

He's excommunicate i aud why i

He sinn'd too much iu loyalty.

He dies a rebel to the crown.

Yet for the king his life lays down ;

He's punish'd as a murtherer,

Yef s hang'd a valiant mai tyr ;

His courage here was sole Romain,

His imitation's Christian.

Our wits consult him how to shame.

And yet our wits procure his fame ;

Alive and dead thus he doth prove

The equal but of hate and love.

Expect not here in tfaii^s complext
That mid-mouth'd distinction 'twixt
True and false ; and such like moe,
'Twixt really and deeiued so :
To reconcile tby doubts. Attend
Till our posterity bhall lend
Their sence upon the matter, so
The mother then shall let thee know
The daughter, polish't fair and clear
From errors. Then perhaps you*l hear
Them say, If is life's bis eountre^'sfame,
His tttme and m death their shame.

xxnn» AppEVDEi* 5S7

In vain thou looks that I should show
Whose ashes. her« doth deep below :
For if thou would'st acquainted be
With his great parts and vertues high,
Consult with after times, they'i tell
What we delight not to reveal.
Our offspring will the truth discover,
Wbere we took pains the truth to smother.
Advise with Tiase's recorder : Come,
He'l give vou reasons why we'r dumb ;
My prince but bids me only say,
Montroae his bones we here did lay :
The pions dust forUds me breath
Ought of hia usage or his death.
Lest sober infidels should spy
Our church's weakness, and deny
The Groapel for our s^^es, and cry,
Hii deatkt ha ewnir^s oUofi^.

On the Great Montrose.

Sehaphic soul, what heavenly powers combine
To reinter these sacred bones of thine i
Thy glorious relics by malice bonds detain'd
In silent grave ; will no more be restrain'd
But must appear m triumph, glad to see
The blessed year of Britain's jubilee :
Should there a Phoenix from thy ashee rise,
Would not all nations it idolatrize i
Thy noble stem and high extraction
Was beautified with such perfection.
As makes thee still to he thy nation's glory,
Europe's great wonder, stately theme of story :
Thy valorous actings far transcend the praise
Of tongues or pens, or these my rural layes ;
Therefore I must so high a subject leave.
And what I cannot speak or write, conceive.

Mr John Chalmers.

59B APPEMDDU unom

J Reflection on the Pint and Second Pimerak of the
Great MontroH.

AMAziibD with these glorious shews, I find
A crowd of fancies struggling in my mind ;
Staggering me in a doubt, which will be chief,
A grievous joy, or a rejoicing grief.
While I behold the trophees of thy worth.
With all this joy and splendour now set forth.
And hear thy name, perfumed by the state.
With titles of so loyal and so great.
And see pure honour in so lofty straines,
Hov'ring about thy late disdain'd remaines.
Thy parboil'd parched head, and thy dry bones.
Courted by Mars and Pallas both at once.
Thy conquering palm with kiading higher rise.
And in the treasurie of thy growing praise^
Each cast his mite ; and here thy enmies cry,
Hosannah now for their late crucifie.

To see thy friends their honour yet retain.
Rearing thy trophees with triumphant train.

This over treason adds a victory more,

A seventh conquest to the six before.

To see thy torments travelling with thy praise.

And thy herse crowned with thy conquering biyes.

To see thy pains, thy iiifamie, thy death.

Give life to loyalty, to honour breath.

That after thee these vertues may revive.

And in thy glorious issue ever live.

These do commence our joyes, these expiate

Our former crimes, although they came too lata.

And yet our griefs from that same fountain sprung,

He*s dead for whom our jovial echoes ring.

He's dead, the shame of all our British story.

He's dead, the grace of all our Scotish glory.

Valour's great Mimon, the true antidot

Of all disgrace that e er defam'd a Scot.

The flowV and Phoenix of a loyal stem.

In Charles his crowu the most illustrious gem.

And yet this gem is broke, this Phoenix dead.

This glory buried^ Mimon murdered*

XXVm# JiPPENDQU 1^9

A 8^ht would raade (had he been there to aee't)

ArguB witli all hin eyes turn Heraclit.

Would metamorphos'd Mars to Niobe,

And turn'd the world all but to one great eye,

To have delug'd that ghastlj rueful place

Where Albion's faith and honour buried was.

A place which ever wise posterity

Shall style hereafter, second Calvarie.

It was no dint of steel, no force of arnies.

Nor traitors' plots that did procure his harmes.

To encounter and to conquer, all did see,

Was one to him : At his nativitie.

He had Mars in the ascendant, whose bright flame

Made mighty nations tremble at his name.

Valour with valour, force with force contfol,

He then, he only could : But's loyal soul

To be a willing victim thought it meet,

While monarchies lay bleeding at his feet

For seeing Charles first run that sad disaster.

In that same cup he'pleg'd his royal master.

And now, and not till now, that loyal spirit

Hath ^ot the honour due unto his merit.

But since a schedul will not quite the score, ^

Fit for great volums ; here Fil give it o're.

Too mean a tribute of a slow pac'd verse

Is the affectory to so great a herse.

Or he or Heav'n must make the epitaph

Tliat will be fit for such a noble grave.

He died ; and after the solemnity,

Ev'n Heav'n itself did weep his elegy.

Dignum laude vhrtm musa utai mori.

In patrien, regein legis ceu perfidiat hosUs
Pro patrifty rege et legibus occubui»

Legibus anti()uis patriae legiqu» fidelis,
A patrift rege et legibus intumubr.

Go, pasaenger, persuade the world to trust,
Tbou saw intomb'd the great Mootrose his dust !
But tell Dot that he dj'd, uor how, nuf why ;
Dissuade ihaai io the truth of this to pry :
Befriend uh aore, and let them iie'er prodaina
Our nob^s' weakness, aud our countrie's shame.

The noble ashes here shall only tell
That they were bMried» not how they fell ;
For faithfull patriots should ne'er proclaim
Such acts as does procure their couoti[ie's shame«

Let it content thee, passenger, that I

Can tell thee here entomb'd my bones doth lye :

Do not enquire if e er I died, or why ?

Speak nought of cruel rage, hate, or envy :

Learn only thin, — *Vi» malice to reveal

Our countrey's shame, but duty lo conceal.

£IlRATU\r.

Page 320,/or Wallace's tower, nad Falkirk.

Printed by George Ramsay and Co.
EdinbuxiBdi, 1819.

rcD A. o ic?viw

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