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llarbarli College l.il)rars

FROM TKK BSqiTKST OP

CHARLES SUMNER. LL.D.,

OF BOSTON.

(CUm of itgo.)

**For Books relating to Politics and
Fine Arts."

(Dmazme^

HISTORY JLND BI06RAPHY.

Vol. XXV.

PHILADELPHIA:

PUBLICATION FUND OF

THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA,

No. 1300 LOCUST STREET.
1901.

>'V

ha; arTA
univ ^jsity
jjbrary;

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXV.

Memoirs of Brigmdier-Gaienl John Laoegr^ of Pennsjlraiiia. (Oom-

tinued.) 1, 101, S41, 496

Biographical Sketeh of Bev. Bemhard Adam Ombe. Bj John W,

JordtM. (Pwrtnit.) 14

Life of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. - Bj LewU

Bvrd Walker. (Oantmued.) {PorinUU.) 20, 145, 280, 462

Index to American Portraits. By Bunfcrd Samuel 47, 228, 884

Inauguration of President Thomas Jefferson, 1801. By Jfrs.

Reheooa Llojfd Bhippen • 71

An Interesting Historical Letter. {Fae-HmUe.) .... 77

The Penns and the Taxation of their Estates by the ProTineial As-
sembly. iOowimued.) 80

Extracts from the Orderly-Book of Major Bobert Clayton, of the
Seventeenth B^giment British Foot, 1778. By JoJm W. Jot'
dan 100

Dr. Thomas Wynne's Account of his Early Life. By WW/iam

MaeLean, Jr. 104

Lithographic Portraits of Albert Kewsam. By D. MeN. Stauifer.

(Addenda.) 100

Plundering by the British Army during the American BevohttioiL

By WUIiam Brooke Bowie, Bag 114

Ship Registers for the Port of Philadelphia, 1720-1776. (OonHn-

ued.) 118, 266, 400, 660

Tie Late Howard Williams Lloyd 182

Notes and Queries 188, 282, 417, 676

Book Notices 148, 288, 482, 606

Key. John Ettwein's Notes of Travel from the North Branch of
the Susquehanna to the Beaver River, Pennsylvania, 1772.
By John W. Jordan m . • 208

The Last of the General Assembly under the Pennsylvania Con-
stitution of 1776. By WUUam Brooke Bawle, Beq. ... 220

Account of the Destruction of the Brig " Peggy Stewart,** at An-
napolis, 1774 248

Passenger List of the Ship " EUsabeth,** which arrived at Phila-
delphia in 1810 266

Letter of Lambert Cadwalader to l^mothy Pickering on the Cap-
ture of Fort Washington 260

Letter of Chief-Justice John Marshall 268

Biographical Sketch of Colonel Thomas Hartl^, of the Pennsyl-
vania Line. By John W. Jordan. (Portrait.] . . .303

(iii)

)

iv Contents of Volume XXV

PAOB

Dean Tucker's Pamphlet. '' A Letter from a Merchant in London
to hia Nephew in North America/' 1766. (Conttniieei.) (Fo^
MffiOe.) 307, 516

AaseBsment of Damagei done by the British Troops during the

Occupation of Philadelphia, 1777-1778 .... 823, 544

Johann Gottfried Seelig and the Hymn-Book of the Hermits of

the Wissahickon. By E^m. Bamuel W. Pmmypaoker . 336

Letters of Prendents of the United StatM and "Ladies oi the

White House." {Oontmtted.) . . . . .355,527

A Ck>llection of Puns and Witticisms of Judge Richard Peters . 866

Letter of General Washington to Lieutenant-Oolonsl John Lau-
rens, 1780 ....»..••. ^ 870

Papers relating to the Founding by the ** Society for the Propaga-
tion of the Gospels in Foreign Parts," Londim, of the Missions
at Trading and Morlattan, Berks County, PennsylYania. By
B. F. Qioen,. . . . . 372, 637

The Late Major James Edward Carpenter 383

The Sodety of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia. By

Franoia van A, Oaheen. {Oontinued,) 433

Officers of the Historical Society oi PennsylTaaia . .597

Index 601

Vol. XXV.

APRIL. 190I

No. 97

THE

PENNSYLVANIA
MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

PUBLISHED BY

THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OP PENNSYLVANIA

FOR SUBSCRIBERS

raiLADELPHIA

I9OI

For SiJe «t 1300 Locust Street. PMladelpUa. Price. 7S ceati
pec Number, or S3.OO per jreMf

Emarad u tlw Pott-Officc ml PhiUdelphia u S*c<»d-claM ■

CONTENTS.

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Laoey, of Pennsylvania. ( Con-
tinued.) 1

Biographical Sketch of Hev. Bemhard Adam Grube. {Portrait. ) . 14

Life of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. By LewU .
Burd Walker, {Omtinued.) 20

O Index to American Portraits. By Bunford Samuel. ( Continued. ) . 47

Inauguration of President Thomas Jefferson. By Mrs. Rebecca

Lhyd Shippen 71

An Interesting Historical Letter. (Facsimile.) 77

The Penns and the Taxation of their Estates by the Provincial

Assembly. (Continued.) 80

Extracts from the Orderly-Book of Major Robert Clayton, of the

Seventeenth British Foot, 1778 100

Dr. Thomas Wynne's Account of his Early Life. By WiUiam Mac-
Lean, Jr 104

Lithographic Portraits of Albert Newsam. By D. McN. Stauffer.

(Addenda.) 109

Plundering by the British Army during the American Revolution.

By William Brooke EawUf Esq. 114

Ship Registers for the Port of Philadelphia, 1726-1775. ( Continued. ) 118

The Late Howard Williams Lloyd 132

Notes and Queries 133

Book Notices 143

The Trustees of the Publication Fund desire it to be understood that
they are not answerable for the opinions or observations that may be
expressed in articles under the names or initials of the contributors.

BOUND VOLUMES OF THE MAGAZINE.

Copies of all the volumes of this Magazine can be obtained at the
Hall of the Historical Society, bound by Messrs. Pawson and Nicholson,
in the very best manner, in the style known as Roxburgh, half cloth,
uncut edges, gilt top, for $3.75 each and the postage. They will be fur-
nished to subscribers in exchange for unbound numbers, in good condi-
tion, on the receipt of 75 cents per volume and the postage.

#. B. larriJWATT compai»t.

rr ,> L

THB

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

Vol. XXV. 1901. No. 1.

MEMOIES OF BRIGADIBB-GBNBEAL JOHN LACBT,
OP PENNSYLVANIA.

[Traoacribed from the original maniucript in the librarj of the His-
torical Society of PennBylvania^ entitled ^Memmoree of John Lacey
Esq' a Brigadier Ctoeral in the Pennsylvania Militia daring the Bevo-
Intionary War with Great Britain, with Copies and Extracts of letters
firom and to General Washington & others, relative to the occorances
of the War, and other Documents : with a Biographical sketch of his
life Ac Written by himself."]

I was bom in Bucks County in the Province of Pennsyl-
vania the 4th. Day of February in the year 1755, of very
reputable parents, John and Jane Lacey. My father waa
the son of John and Rachel Lacey. My Great Grandfether
was among first settlers under W" Penn & emigrated firom the
Isle of Wight in England. My Grand Motiier was a Hes-
ton, her Family came firom New England & settled in Bucks
County, were reputable Farmers and owned considerable
Landed property. My Grandfether possessed two Planta-
tions and a share in a Grist Mill — one of which at his Death
descended to my Father with his part of the G[rist] M [ill] ,
the other part was purchased by my Father & to which he
added a Saw Mill on the same stream running through the
VOL. XXV. — 1 ( 1 )

2 Memoirs of Brigadier'Gffikr4[l John Ldeej/y of Permsylvarda.

Plantation. My Mother was the Daughter of Abraham k
Susan Chapman, they were both bom in America. Abra-
ham's Father came from England in the early part of the set-
tlement of Pennsylvania — ^he was of a wealthy Family there
and contracted for the lands he held in Bucks County before
he left England with W" Penn — ^he possessed several Valu-
able Plantations in Bucks County — ^had five sons and at his
Death left each a Plantation. Was in his lifetime a Man of
note in the Province ; he acted in various Public offices, as
Justice of the Peace, Member of the Assembly for the
County of Bucks &c. My Grandmother was of an older
Family resided in New Jersey, all reputable.

It will not avail me to brag of high origin, but I can esti-
mate my Ancestors among the first and most enterprising Set-
tlers of North America, who regardless of [torn] expanded
and boisterous Ocean, 3000 miles to seek in the wilds of
Korth America among savage Indians an assalum where
they might worship that Omnipotent being who rules [torn]
according to the dictates of their own Contiences, which
were forbidden them in their native Country. They were
all of the society of Quakers, at that time sorely persecuted
on that account in England. They were all freemen, and at
least independent in their resources, if not Bich or of
Noble Blood. They were the Companions of William
Penn, the Founder of Pennsylvania, who was of the same
Religious profession. To encounter the Perils of such an
undertaking at so early a period of the settlement of this
Country, at once bespeaks them to be a People not easily
daunted at triffles, and by the Confiicting elliments, or of
limitted enterprise. Their progress in aggraculture k mack-
anism, at the date of which I am speaking, can be no bet-
ter testafyed, than the proof exhibitted by the appearance of
their well cultivated Farms. EUigant and convenient
Houses, Mills and Manu&cturies, all of which are in proof
of their Industry and Acconemy. I believe their are few
Men among the Settlers of this Country who can boast of
much higher Ancestors, at least among the first Emigration

Memoirs of Brigadter-Grenercd John Laeey, of Permsylvama. 8

in Pennsylvania or New Jersey. I am proud to Own and
acknowledge mine to be Farmers.

The greatest defect in the Society of Quakers had hitherto
been, the almost total omition to edducate their Children,
very few indeed at least in the Country gave their sons what
might be called more than a limitted common education
[torn] It was my Misfortune to be of this Class. I neither
knew nor foresaw the deplorable condition of my unculti-
vated Mind untill it was too late to repare it My Father
as a Farmer or rather a Miller, had no better learning him-
self, did not see or feal the want of a more liberal one, he
knew as much as other Farmers or Mecanicks, wrote a tol-
lerable plain hand, understood Common arethmatic and kept
his own Books of Accompt I was early sent to school,
such as it was, the Master himself could neither read or
write correctly, as he knew nothing of Grammer, it was not
to be expected he could teach it to others, Grammer never
was taught at any school I went to — ^no book of this kind
or the most remote rudiments of it was, that I remember,
talked of at any of the Country Schools I was acquainted
with. None but Quaker Families resided in the neighbour-
hood where I was brought up, among whom the Bible k
Testament with Dilworth's spelling-book were the only books
suffered to be used in the Quaker Country Schools, from
which circumstances no one will hesitate to acknowledge
the extreme limitted education & acquirements of litend
knowledge by youth so circumscribed, nor can the want of
this knowledge be known, or felt, untill the practical use of
it be required. Young men ariving to the state of Man-
hood, are called by the sufferages of their fellow Citizens
into Public employments, to act as representatives of the
People or in some office of the Gloverment of their Country
— then will the defects of the want of a liberal Education
become conspicuous, then will the want of it be fealt and
known, then will those whose natural intelect be ever so
good, for want of those liberal acquirements which cultivate
the mind, expands the Ideas, and fits them for active and

4 Memoirs of Brigadier- Chneral John Lacey, of Permst/lvama.

useful employment — ^finding themselvea/inaderquate to meet
their cotemporaries on equal ground-Hmrink from the Field
of Honourable or active employments, are found inactive,
behind the Curtin, or sleeping on the back ground, fearful
of exposing their incapasities fot want of better liberal ac-
quirements. From what little^ experience I have had of
others, and of my own defects on that score, I am per-
suaded this is verifyed in many if not all who fall under this
prediciment Among whome I trust may be reckened some
of our best and ablest Citizens, who for this cause alone
never appear in public, or on the great Theatre of Public
a&res.

With a laudable intent on the part of my Father I was,
however, kept at this hum Drum School until I reached my
IS**" or 14** year, when I was placed in my Father's Grist
& Merchant Mill, sometimes on the Farm, Cooper's Shop &
Saw Wllf my time was spent in the various occurrences
produced in the different branches of carrying on & con-
ducting these several concerns in active employment k busi-
ness, without any occurrence worth relating untiU the year
1773. In the month of July I have to date the commence-
ment of my wandering carrere. Hitherto I had been con-
fined to business as above related, the only relaxation from
which was a few days in a season I stole from the Cooper's
shop or the Mill on a Fox hunt My Parents being in full
and strict Membership in the Society of Quakers, and of
course by berth I was also in Unity. Our Family were
strict attenders as well of the Meetings of Business, as for
divine Worship. It was at the Monthly Meeting held at
Wrightstown Meeting-house, Zebulin Heston brother to my
Grandmother Lacey, and a Public Preacher in the Society,
applyed to the Meeting for a recommendation to the Meet-
ing of Sufference of Friends in the City of Philadelphia,
he having a Call as he expressed it, to visit the Delaware
Nation of Indians settled on the Waters of the Ohio Biver.
This tribe of Aborigines were the original natives inhabit-
ing the Waters of the Delaware Eiver, from whom it de-

Memoirs of Brigadier-Oeneral John Lacey^ of Pennsylvama. 6

rived the [NTame. They were in the time of my Uncles
jnvenile years still in great numbers inhabiters in Bucks
County, and with many of their young men he had been
in habits of strict and fiiendly intercourse— he was now
grown old, upwards of 70 years of age— and these unhappy
Wanderers of the Wilderness long since removed to a great
distance, driven by the Europien immigrants and settlers
fisu* into new desarts to seak a retched existance. My Uncle
still retained the attachment imbibed in his youth to this
tribe of Indians, and he expressed to this Meeting his de-
dre to pay them a religis visit before his Death, that he
was growing old, and that while he was able to travel, he
conceived it to be duty religiously injoined on him and that
he was now prepared to comply with the call of Heaven as
he conceived it injoined on him. BBs request was cordially
granted, and the Clerk ordered to make him a pasport or
Certificate of recommendation to the Meeting of Sufference
of Friends in Philad*. Being present at this transaction, it
occured to me that this would be a good oppertunity of
seeing the Country and acquiring a better knowledge of the
World, than I had in my present occupation. I waited un-
till the close of the Meeting, when I called on my Uncle,
and asked him if he would accept of a Companion, that he
was old and might want assistance on so long a Boad, his
going alone might be attended with many unforeseen diffi-
culties, and that if he would accept my Company, I would
attend him all the way throughout his intended Journey.
He appeared much pleased at my offer & said he would next
day call & see my Parents, & if they had no objection he
would gladly accept my Company — and in the meantime di-
rected the Cleark to delay making out his Certificate untiU
he had adjusted that matter — so that my name might be
inserted in the Certificate— all which being fixed to my sat-
isfaction we set off on our rout on the 7*** Day of July A.D.
1773, and came to the City of Philad* the same day.

My Uncle next day accomplished his business ; we were
the day after joined by John Parrish, a very pious Friend,

6 Memoirs of Brigadier-Genercd John Lac^j of Pennsylvania.

when we all started on our way to Pitsburg. The Meeting
of Sufference having placed in Friend Parrish'B hands a
sum of Money to bear our expenses, and to make some
presents to the Indians at our discression. On the evening
of the 18** we reached Pitsburg — ^nothing material occured
on the way. A great part of our Bout however, being little
cultivated, the Boads in many parts almost impassible — ^we
passed over monsterous Mountains, having never before been
so far from Home or in so rough & broken a Country. The
scenes were new and afforded me much matter for contem-
plation. We met many Travellers who were all on Horse-
back, the Boads being so bad, no loaded Waggon was able
to pass them. Altho a very considerable trade was carryed
on, all the goods, or nearly so, were transported to and from
Lancaster, Carhle & Pitsburg on Pack Horses, great Droves
of which we met and passed on their way to & from these
places, with Dry Goods, Firs, Dear, Bear & other sldns.

On the Twentyeth of July we left Pitsburg crossed the
Alligany in Canoes swiming our Horses by their sides
holding them by the Bridles, pursued our journey through
the Wndemess. Our object was a Delaware town called
New Commers Town — ^were accompanyed by John Gibson,
an Indian Trader, who had an Indian wife k several chil-
dren at this Town, and Captidn White Eyes, an Indian Chief
and also a Trader, who. resided a few miles below New Com-
mers Town on the Muscingum Biver called White Eyes
Town. Altho Gibson kept his wife who was a Delaware at
Newcommers Town his trade was carryed on much beyond
that place, with Indians further down the Ohio & on the
Bioto k Miamees Biver. I discovered him to be a man of
note among them, he speaks the Delaware and Mingo lan-
guages as fluent as the Natives themselves, and appeared to
be a man of respectability and good sense.

On the twenty fifth we reached New Commers Town,
having been five days passing through the WUdemess. On
our arrival were rec* very Cordially by King Netowhelemon,
who called his Council of the Chiefs or seachams at his

Memoir8 of Brigadier-Omerid John Lace^ 7

House or Pallase, which was indeed much the best House
in the Town. As to fumature he had none or very little k
not a Chair or stool in it, every one siting on the floor or
small blocks of wood. After the seremony of reception
was over, we were conducted to an empty Log House,
which we were told was to be our Quarters. John Gib-
son had hitherto been our Interpature, but left us to
follow his goods gone on to the junction of the Sioto with
the Ohio Rivers. A messenger was sent to the Upper
Moravian Indian Town about eighteen or twenty miles
above Newcommers Town on the Muskingum Biver.
Samuel Moor an Indian, the interpreter having arived, our
first audiance or meeting was held on the twenty eight of
July, at the great Council House of the Ifation, a build-
ing erected for that purpose, about sixty feet in length
and twenty wide, the sides formed of uprite pallasades,
covered with bark. Our Credentials froxo, the Monthly
Meeting of Wrightstown, and Meeting of SujBference in
Philad* were read and interpreted, my TJncle made a
Prayer and spoke for some time. The Interpreter explaining
every sentence as he went on to the Indians in the Delaware
language. After which Cap* White Eyes made a speach k
delivered us a Belt of Wampum in token of Friendship.
We had several meetings of worship, in all of them the
Indians behaved with proper decorum, but when my Uncle
was not speaking they appeared uneasy k seme to express
much solicitude and uneasiness untiU he began again, ex-
hibiting a total dereliction to Silent Meetings. When my
Uncle was done speaking they would leave the Assembly in
crowds remaining outside of the great Hall, and on his
again speaking crowd into the appartment all siting on the
ground or littie billits of wood, a few even of such seats
were found in the Council House, and they appropriated for
the use of the Chiefe only. Having kept a Journal at the
time of this toor I refer my friends to that, for the ftirther
particulars of the expidition, noting only that I reached my
Fathers again on the foiirteenth of September, having per-

8 Memoirs of Brtgadier-Qeneral John Laceyy of Pennsylvania.

formed a journey into the Wilderness of about five Hun-
dred miles out, and considering the round through Yir^nia
on the whole upwards of one thousand miles in two months
and seven days.

Before I finally dismiss this subject I shall take notice of
a custom among the Indians at this Town, the Capital of
the Delaware Nation, because I have not seen [torn] is
prevalent in any other place or among the Aborigines of
any other Tribe I cannot say. After we had been presented
to the Eing and Council, we were conducted to an empty
log house or cabbin, such as are made by the Colyers at the
Iron "Works, covered with palacadoes & bark, there were
three berths erected in it, raised on croches set in the
ground, on each was spread or laid a corse of split plank or
palacadoes wide enough for two persons to lay on — on these
planks were spread one or more Deer or bear skins for beds
— ^no florre but the earth was in this house, and many more
in the Town, indeed few only had floors — ^these were I be-
lieve confined to the nobility alone, none others that I saw
had any boards in them. The Kings and Killbuck were
toUerably well finished, and their bed rooms up stidrs. The
skins however, made comfortable beds, and we could not com-
plain of our lodgings. Between sunset and dark, our habi-
tation was surrounded by a large number, fi-om twenty to
thirty young Indian girls, dressed in their best apperal, who
kept up an almost insessant serenade on juseharps. Altho
Quakers my fiiends & myself shew no signs of disagree-
ment— ^if we had, we were compelled to let them play on.
They would approach the door, but ventured no fiurther.
We all supposed their design was a mear Compliment and
an Honour confered on us as Friends and strangers, took no
further notice than apparentiy to be pleesed with their
music, which continued night after night for nearly the
whole of the first week of our residence. Two whitemen
Traders, John Freeman & James Forbs had a store of goods
in this Town, with whome I made an early acquaintance,
and was often invited to Dine & Sup with them. On the

Memoirs of Brigadier^ General John Laceyy of Pennsylvania. 9

second or third day of our residence, while at dinner, Free-
man asked me if I did not observe the Indian girls playing
the Joseharps at our lod^ng, and if I knew their meaning.
I answered in the affirmative, and that I supposed it was out
of compliment; he said it was a custom, when a stranger
came to reside at the Town ever so short a time, the girls or
single women, presented themselves in that way, in token
of their willingness to enter into a contract for such time as
his business required his stay there, during which time they
acted as housekeeper and performed every necessary act in
the care of your baggage or goods, cooked, washed and
conducted herself in all things with punctuallity, honesty
and care, as well of your goods as person, that if you were
in danger of insult, they would give you the earlyest notice,
and in that respect they were sometimes peculiarly useful.
No part of their contract would be neglected, but in all
things do and perform their duty as good Housewife ought
to do. Tou must pay for all these services in money or
clothing according to your agreement as shall have been
previously contracted. Being thus master of this secret of
which I knew my companions to be ignorant, I could not
refrain from lafter, at the simple credulity of my Uncle k
Friend Parrish, who seemed to be tickled and allevated at
the young Squaws musick — ^as they crowded the threshold
of our habitation, altho., they would crowd and jossel each
other for the possession of the door, they omitted to enter
our appartment. After some time finding their musick to
have made no impression upon us and we not inclined to
accept their services, disappeared, at which my companions
seemed really to regret sorroftilly saying, they believed the
girls had got tired of them, which I have no doubt was
really the case. I believe this custom to be not only lisened
but approved and encouraged by the Chieft of the Nation,
as I observed Cap* Eillbucks daughter with her harp among
the crowd, and one of the foremost to approach the door.
She had a spritely and innosent countenance k fine per-
son. My acquaintance Freeman k Forbs, had each of them a

10 Memoirs of Brigadier-Qeneral John Laceyj of Pemisylvama.

young female Indian who did all the menual services of
their fEunely, both living in one house, in a leanto, attached
to which they kept their goods, and seme to enjoy all the
social blessings of life, so &r as I was capable of jud^ng of
their cituation. The number of inhabitants according to
Cap* Killbuck's account amounted to upwards of three hun-
dred at this Town, and their young men, of which they
counted Waryers, upwards of one hundred.

After my return I again betook myself to my former oc-
cupation, but my engagements were principally in the Mill
in manufJBU^turing Flour for market, of which I had the
principal care and management, my Father taking care of the
Farm. [NTothing material hapened during the next year
1774. In '75 the contest between Great Brittain and her
Colonies in America began to assume a more formable ap-
pearance, in which all seemed to take a part, on one side or
the other, altho, on the first onset, very few appeared to
espouse the cause of the Mother Country, but there were
some who secretly clung to her, and afterwards became open
and bitter enemies to the Union and independence of the
United States, among whom were some of my nearest rela-
ys tions. On reading the publications and occurrences of the
times, I was lead to consider the claims of Great Brittain to
be unjust, tiranical and oppressive. Under these impressions
I united with her oponents and joined the Standard of the
Itevolutionists, throwing ofiT my passive and non-resisting
principles, of which I had hitherto been in the practice of
believing (from the prejudice of Education) to be right, but
seeing now in a very diffirent light, considering it a duty
all ow'd their Country, themselves and posterity — ^I without
hesitation inroled myself under the banner of my Country,
being young and full of fire ; Patriotism beat high in my
breast. Every where the Citizens were flying to Arms,
vying with each other, who should be the best perficient in
the Military exercise. I was chosen Captain of an Associa-
tion of young men from the Townships of Buckingham and
Wrightstown, several of whom were of the Society of

Memobra of Brtgadier-G^neral Joh^ 11

FriendBy as well aa myself, but whose patriotism was not
genion, and who all fell off on the first onset of opposition.
I alone stood the Ordeal of the Quaker Society of which I
was then a member. My Patriotism was pure and irrista-
ble, including all the principles of social and Public virtue,
imbracing an Enerjective devotion to support the liberty, the
Independence, and political safety of my native Country
against the strong arm of British oppression, invasion and
tyroney, offering up on the Altar of Public weal, the sacri-
fice of my private interest and social Felicity, looking on
the land which gave me birth as my Parent, and on her
Children as my brethren, my carreer was not to be controled,
the recital of dangers only increased my arder, thus wound
up in the Political inthusiasm of the times, to be inactive
was to me an intolerable burthen, which at that time I
could not brook, and thus my arder led me to accept a Cap-
tains Commission in the troops to be raised to oppose the
British Armey then in possession of Boston.

The Functions of the General Assembly of Pennsy* being
Buperseeded by that of a Committee of Safety chosen by the
People, who under a recommendation of Congress, ordered
several Regiments of Troops as her quota to be raised, to
defend the Country agidnst the invading Brittish k Hessen
Armey, who in the spring were expected to attack New
York. My Commission was dated Jan^ 5** 1776, but I did
not receive recruiting Orders untill the 20*^. Such was my
diligence and good fortune, however, that by the 12** of
FeV, only 22 days, I inlested my compliment of men. Con-
sisting of 85 non-commissioned officers and privates. On
the 12*^ by order of Colo* Wayn Commanding the Re^-
ment to which I was attached, the 4*** in the Pennsy* line, I
marched fi-om Bucks County for Chester, a little Town on
the Biver Deleware about 15 mUes below Philada. "We
reached Darby on the 14***, eight miles fi-om Chester, where
we were stoped by Mcgor Houseker, the Major of our Re^-
ment, here he ordered the Men to be quartered on the In-
habitants— Chester being fall of troops — expecting to stay

12 Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey^ of Pemtsylvcmia.

here bat a few days. [NTo agreement was made with the
People where the men were quartered, they very early in-
formed me they should not be satiefyed with the Allowance
Congress had ordered to be paid, and that they should look
to me for the payment of the men's board, which they said
would be six shiUings more than the sum stipulated by act
of Congress. I mentioned this to the CoW and beged we
might be removed to Chester, as I foresaw an approaching
altercation witii the People of Darby. The Colo* ordered
me to take no notice of their demands saying, he would
take upon himself the settiement of their accoimts.

On the 21** of March the Company was ordered on to
Chester, and on the 22nd. drew our Arms. The Re^ment
being ordered to New York, we bemg the first ready, were
ordered on board Shallops to go by water to Trentown, and
from thence by land to New York. I left Chester with
Major Houseker, rec* pay for the men, and on the 23* the
Company arived off the City. Houseker hurryed me on
board and next day arived at Trenton, and on the 28*^ at
New York almost weryed to Death in keeping the Company
in order. An officer commanding young recruits, ought to
have the patience, and fortitude of an old Commander. We
were all young, and in a manner unacquainted with human
nature, quite Novices in Military matters, had every thing
to learn, and no one to instruct us who knew any better
than ourselves.

On my return through Darby to Philad* I again called on
some of the People k informed them Colo^ Wayn had as-
sured me he would settle with them for the men's board,
that my Company had gone to New York, and that I was
on my way there also, that I had drawn no money, neither
for the pay or retained rations of the men, and that it was
impossible, if I was ever so desirable to pay them, and as it
was not my orders, but sorely against my will that the men
were quartered on them. I had forebodings even then, that
this affidr might be productive of evil, but it was out of my
power to controle or alter it As soon as we became sta-

Memoirs of JBrigadiar'Oeneral John Lacejfy of Pennayloama. 18

tionary at Darby, I used every effort to procure clothing for
the men, by purchasing Cloth myself, seting such of the men
who were Taylors to work, and employed others in Darby
to assist in making Uniform Coats &c., by which means my
Company were clad several weeks before any other Com-
pany in the Begiment, and of course the first ready to
march, were ordered to New York, the others were to follow
immediately on their being equiped.

(To be oontinaed.)

14 Biographical Sketch of Bev. Bemhard Adam Gfrube.

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCH OF EBV. BBENHAED
ADAM GEUBE.

Bemhard Adam Grube, bom June 1, 1715, at "Walsch-
leben, a village near Erfiirth, in Thuringia, was educated in
the parish schools and at Jena. He entered the ministry
of the Moravian Church in 1740, and for several years had
charge of congregations in Holland, and subsequently be-
came one of the professors in the seminary at Lindheim,
near Frankforton-the-Mdn. In the spring of 1748 he was
dispatched to Pennsylvania, where he was first employed in
the schools at Bethlehem, and as private tutor to the sons of
Thomas Noble, of New York, one of the original trustees
of the Academy erected for Whitefield in Philadelphia. He
entered the Indian mission service in January of 1752, and
was stationed at Menioldgom^ka, a village located west of the
Wind Gkip, in what is now Eldred Township, Monroe County,
Pennsylvania. While here, he tells us, his awkwardness at
handling an axe almost cost him a limb, and confined him
for weeks in a cold hut, where he lay on a board, with a
wooden bowl for a pillow. He, in the mean time, studied the
Delaware dialect and daily held meetings for the Indians.
Six months later he was relieved, and then sent to the mis-
sion at Shamokin, which had been commenced in 1747 at
the request of Chief ShikeUimy, the representative of the
Five Nations in business affidrs with the Proprietary gov-
emment. In the summer of 1758 he visited the Indian
villages on the west branch of the Busquehanna and in the
Wyoming Valley, where in the wigwam of Chief Paxanosa
he baptized a Mohican woman, — ^the first Moravian baptism
performed in that valley.

In the autumn of 1754 Grube was temporarily withdrawn
fi'om the Indian mission to take charge of a colony of sin-
gle men selected to begin a settlement on the tract of one

^- ^/ f-^/^ -^

^.^ fr^uD

Biographical Sketch of Rev. Bemhard Adam Grube, 16

hundred thousand acres purchased by the Moravians of Earl
Granville, in what was then Rowan County, North Carolina.
In the spring of 1755 he returned to Bethlehem, where he
was married, and appointed to the mission at Gnadenhuetten,
on the Lehigh Biver. On the evening of November 24,
when the mission house on the Mahoning Creek was burned
and eleven of its inmates murdered by the French-Indians,
Grube with his converts fled to Bethlehem for safety, where
for the ensuing two years they found a home. In June of
1758 he was transferred to the mission at Pachgatgoch
(Kent) in Connecticut, where he labored for two years. The
first winter of his residence there was a severe one, and for
several nights the cold was so intense that his wife was
compelled to put their little daughter to sleep between two
large Indian dogs to keep her from freezing.

In October of 1760 Grube was sent to the mission at
Wechquetanc, on Head's Creek, in the present Polk Town-
ship, Monroe County, where a part of the Christian Indians
at Bethlehem had been located m the spring of that year.
His knowledge of Delaware qualified him to keep all the
church services in that dialect, and he began the translation
from German into Delaware of a harmony of the Gospels
and selected hymns, which were printed in the years 1762
and 1768 by John Brandmiller, at Friedensthal Mill, located
on the easternmost plantation of the Barony of Nazareth.
These translations are the first contributions to Indian bib-
liography by a Moravian missionary, and were used in the
Indian missions in Pennsylvania and Ohio until superseded
by those of Zeisberger about a quarter of a century later.

No copy of Grube's " Hirmony of the Gospels" is known
to exist, and but one incomplete copy of his " Dellaweerisches
Gesang-Biichlein" has been discovered and is preserved in
the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, a fac-
simile of the first page of which is here reproduced.

In the library of Harvard University two of his manu-
scripts are to be found : <^ Einige Dellawaerische Bedensarten
und Worte," and "Einige Heine Anreden an Indianer,"

16 Biographical Sketch of JRev. JBemhard Adam Ombe.

and also a number in the Moravian Archives at Beth-
lehem.

DELLAWiERISCHES

Gefang-Buchlein.

mitniAitiMtrgnsJrSbaMffiA Vi.

Nda wopanacbinaane
Woaktsch n'gauwui wulaqvinaane
Lamm guntschi neschginggunk newulleok
j^'hakkey guwinggi gMntanggelen.

I^am Gottes guwinawammel
nTeheok gattosomowoitldll
Achgoone gifchquewi wnllanggofnil
Eiim m'fchakkaoian peanuo<£ll!L

Mbi^-Ccfaog.
Melod. ifif^M Jt^tr Vt,

Je^ Ckrift wulapanacheauaeeo
Jukk* dabpl^eek

On the outbreak of the Pontiac war, in 1763, the bor-
ders of PennBylvania were overran with bands of maraud-
ing Indians. A large number of the settlers in the neigh-

Biographical Sketch of Sev. Bemhard Adam Orube. 17

borhood of 'Wechquetanc considered the presence of the
Indian converts a better protection than soldiers, but there
were others who accused them of participating in the forays
in the vicinity^ and threatened that unless they were removed
** blood would flow/' "As we are in constant danger/'
wrote Grube, " as well from the white people as from In-
dians/' it was decided to abandon the mission and claim the
protection of the provincial government. On October 11
the chapel and huts were boarded up and the converts trans-
ported to Nazareth, and later to Bethlehem, from whence,
on November 8, they departed for Philadelphia, and were
first taken to the barracks. Writing from Province Island,
November 11, Grube states, "The rage of the people in
Philadelphia is indescribable, and we had to stand five hours
before the barracks and be insulted. Thousands foUowed us
through the city. . . . We were taken to a landing, em-
barked on boats, and taken to this island, which we reached
at night, and took possession of our lodgings in two roomy
houses. Our people are very thankful that the hard journey
is ended. . . . The island is a large one, and the two houses
we occupy contain twenty rooms, in which a year ago lived
the Arcadians.''

From a letter of Frederick W. von Marschall, dated
January 5, 1764, we quote: "It having been ascertained
that the rioters were bent on killing our Indians, the Gov-
ernor resolved to send them under escort of a company of
Blghlanders to New York, and thence to Albany to Sir
William Johnson. In view of this the Indians were kept
busy the whole night packing, and at two o'clock took boats.
The sick and blind were taken in wagons and the well on
foot, before daylight, to the city, to tiie church [on Bace
Street] where in the chapel they were given breakfast and
thirty blankets distributed among them. Scarcely a soul
knew they were in the city."

Amboy was reached on January 11, and just as the first
detachment was about to embark, Grube was informed by
Captain Bobinson, of the Highlanders, that, as permission to

TOL. XXV. — 2

18 Biographical Sketch of JSev. Bemhard Adam Orube.

land in New York had not been given, it would be dan-
gerous to proceed. There was no other alternative but to
return to Philadelphia, where they arrived January 24,
escorted by the company of Captain Schlosser, and were
quartered in the barracks. The return of the Indian con-
verts renewed and increased the opposition to their protec-
tion by the Province, and not many days later it was re-
ported that the " Paxton Boys" were on the march to the
city, on murder bent " At midnight February 6," writes
Grube, <<a general alarm was sounded and all rushed to
arms. The bells in the city were rung. The citizens were
awakened and summoned to the State House, for word had
been received that the insurgents would be on hand at day-
break. . . . The day passed amid the utmost confusion.
Two companies of citizens, among whom were many
Quakers in arms, came to the barracks." Three days later
he also wrote, " We have seen on this occasion that we have
many hundred friends in this city, who are not wOling that
our converts should be put to death. . . . Messrs. Hamilton
and Chew had so much influence in their efforts to arouse
the citizens against the insurgents, that about five hundred
men were formed into companies for our protection." The
attitude of the government and the determination of the
citizens that the Indian converts should be protected at all
hazards deterred the " Paxton Boys" from executing their
designs. The days of restraint were now relaxed, and it
was not long before the Indian women were allowed to at-
tend the markets to dispose of the brooms, baskets, and
other wares they manufactured. During the trying experi-
ences of Grube in Philadelphia he approved himself true to
duty and brave in the face of danger.

"With the return of peace, in December, arrangements
were made for the removal of the Indian converts to
Wyalusing, on the north branch of the Susquehanna,
which had been selected by the government for their new
home. About the middle of March, 1765, they set out for
Bethlehem, where they were to prepare for their long jour-

Bwgraphieal Sketch of Rev. Bemhard Adam Ombe. 19

nejy and on April 8 Grube bid them a tender £EU*eweU. On
this date Grube's connection with the Indian mission of his
church terminated.

After a few weeks of needed rest, Grube was sent to the
congregation at lititz, in Lancaster County, where he re-
mained for twenty years. Here his wife died in 1776, and
two years later he again entered the bonds of matrimony.
After a short service near Nazareth, he was for one year
pastor of the congregation at Philadelphia. His last ap-
pointments were at Hope, on Paulin's EU, in Warren
County, New Jersey, and at Emaus, Lehigh County, Penn-
qrlvania. The evening of his long life was spent at Bethle-
hem, and on his ninety-first birthday the hale old man,
with staff in hand, walked on one lovely June day ten
miles to Nazareth, there once more to talk over with his
friends the incidents of his life among the Indians. He
died at Bethlehem, March 20, 1808.

The portrait of Grube, presented in January last to the
Historical Society of Pennsylvania by Mr. William H.
Jordan, is copied from the original in the possession of the
artist J. Augustus Beck, a great-grandson of the missionary.
The Hon. James M. Beck, Assistant Attorney-General of
the United States, is a great-great-grandson.

20 lAfe of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

LIFE OP MARGAEBT SHIPPBN, WIFE OP BENEDICT

ARNOLD.

BT LEWIS BURD WALKER.

(Continued from Vol. XXIV. page 429.)
ANIMOSITIES IN PHILADELPHIA DURING THE REVOLUTION.

It is difficult for the ordinary reader to realize the situa-
tion of Philadelphia during the Revolution. According to
a census taken in 1777, by order of General Howe, the in-
habitants then in the city were 15,847.* The directory of
1784 gave the names of 3570 householders.' A map pre-
fixed to the directory of 1794 shows that the greatest por-
tion of the buildings in the city were then east of Third
Street, and there was only one built-up square in that part
of the city lying south of Market Street and West of Eighth
Street; the directory itself contains somewhere between
6500 and 7000 names, showing a population of about
80,000.

The foUowing paragraph from Watson's Annals (Vol. L
p. 335) wiU give some idea of the appearance of one
street, viz. :

'' A smgular case of duel occurred in 1778 or 1779 between Henry
Laurens, President of Congress, and John Penn, member of Congress
from North Carolina. The parties were fellow boarders, and break£Euited
together the same morning. They started to go out Chestnut Street to
the yacant lot vis-li-yis, present Masonic Hall. In crossing at Fifth
Street, where there was a deep slough, Mr. Penn kindly offered his hand
to aid Mr. Laurens, who was much the older, and when it was accepted
he suggested to him that their meeting (solicited by Laurens) was a fool-
ish affidr, &c. — to which Mr. Laurens assenting, it was made up on the
spot"

Think of the morass at the comer of Fifth and Chestnut,
and the retired situation of the vacant lot on the south side

* Watson, Vol. m. p. 287. « Ibid., Vol. H. p. 99.

lafe of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benediet Arnold. 21

of Chestnut, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, which
caused it to be selected as a fit place for a duel !

The change of so many producers to soldiers, the rava^ng
the country by hostile armies, and the total cessation of
commerce combined to render all sorts of commodities very
scarce, and consequently prices very high. Added to this
was another great evil, — ^viz., the successive emissions of great
amounts of paper notes, which began immediately to de-
preciate and steadily sank in value until they became worth-
less. Prices rose with such frightful rapidity that every-
where distress was occasioned and business was whoUy
demoralized. When we read of a pound of tea costing
twenty pounds and a pound of loaf sugar fifty shillings, and
hear that a pair of leather breeches sold for one thousand
dollars, we will be apt to think that the poor had reason to
complain. To remedy this state of things town meetings
were called, and it was resolved to have a committee fix
the maximum prices for the necessaries of life, which prices
were to be reduced every two weeks until the old state of
trade was brought back. Nothing could be simpler or more
direct than this action, and the committee (no doubt com-
posed of would-be purchasers) fixed the prices to suit them-
selves. The only thing that interfered with the success of
the plan was, that merchants who had psdd a certain price
for their goods refused to sell them for less, even though
these lower prices had been fixed by the committee. This
naturally produced more dissatis&ction than ever, and after
much bitter feeling had been excited, the plan was aban-
doned.

Very few events of the Revolution excited a greater
degree of public interest in Philadelphia than the trial of
two Quakers, in September, 1778, upon the charge of
treason.

One of them, John Roberts, a miller of Lower Merion
Township, being nearly sixty years of age, had " from his
youth up lived not only irreproachably but spent his whole
Life in the performance of the Duties of a tender Parent, a

22 life of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Faithful Friend, kind Neighbour & useful Citizen. To the
Poor^ the Stranger, and the Orphan his hospitable House
was ever open, his liberal Hand most Cheerfully extended."
Some of the ultra- Americans suspected him of being a Tory,
and threatened his life. He fled to Philadelphia, then occu-
pied by General Howe's army. On May 8, 1778, the Su-
preme Executive Council issued a proclamation, requiring
John Roberts (among a great many more) to surrender him-
self under pain of being attainted of high treason. John
Roberts left Philadelphia and surrendered himself, took and
subscribed an affirmation of allegiance, and entered bail for
his appearance for trial. He was tried upon the charge
that he " did felsly and traiterously prepare, order, wage
and levy a public and cruel war against this Commonwealth,
then and there committing and perpetrating a miserable and
Cruel slaughter of and amongst the faithful and Liege sub-
jects and inhabitants thereof;" etc.

The evidence against him was slight, and it is said that
ten of the jury were in fevor of acquittal, but yielded to the
argument that it was necessary for the State to secure a con-
viction, but that the jury would all join in a petition for a
pardon so that his life would be spared.* Accordingly the
jury did petition as follows, viz. :

" That it appeals to ub that the said John Roberts was under the in-
fluence of fear, when he took the impradent step of leaving his family
and coming to reside among the enemy, while they had possession of
this City. That, altho. by the oath we have taken, we found ourseWes
obliged Uiprcmounoe him QuUty, yet knowing that Juries are but fallible
Men, and reflecting that the evidence before us was of a very compli-
cated nature, and some parts of it not reconcileable with his general con-
duct, and other evidence of his good offices to many persons who were
prisoners among the enemy, or had leave to come to the city on business.

"That, altho' general Laws cannot be framed with an eye of com-
passion to guilt, yet it is the glory of every wise State, that the doors of
mercy should be kept open, and ours has made ample provision in this
case. In compassion, therefore, to the unhappy object of this petition
and his distressed fiEunily, and relying on the humanity lodged in the

* See ''Life of Joseph Reed," Vol. II. p. 85, note, etc.

lAfe of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict AmoUL 28

breasts of your honors, as manifested to us in the charge you gave us on
the trial, we most earnestly pray,

" That your honors would be pleased to join ns, and recommend this
our petition, to the Supreme Executive Ck>uncil, that the penal part of
the said John Boberts's sentence may be suspended till the Assembly
can take his Case into consideration, for the exercise of that mercy which
the Constitution hath lodged in their power."

Judge McEean recommended a reprieve, and Joseph
Seed, one of the prosecuting attorneys, also wrote to the
same effect to the Vice-President of the Executive Council.

The notes of the trial are not accessible, but the following
extract from the sentence of Judge McEean, as published
in the Pennsylvania Packet of November 7, 1778, states some
of the £Etcts urged as extenuating circumstances, viz. :

" It is in vain to plead, that you have not personally acted in this wicked
business ; for all who countenance and assist are partakers in the guilt.
Tour junction gave encouragement to the inyaders of your country ;
your example occasioned the defection of others ; and you exerted your-
self in forwarding their arbitrary designs. It is in vain to plead, that
you fled to the enemy for protection against some of your neighbours,
who threatened your life, because they thought you a Tory ; for you
might have applied for, and obtained protection from the civil magis-
trate, or fit)m the army of your Country. ... It is true, and I mention
it with pleasure, that your interest with the Commander-in-Chief of the
British army was frequently employed in acts of humanity, charity, and
benevolence."

The ministers of Philadelphia (William White, after-
wards Bishop, among them) presented a petition, saying that
they,—

<< Deeply sympathizing with their distrest wives, children and rela-
tives ; earnestly desiring that the Mercy and Forgiveness which we
preach, through Christ, may be accepted and copied among men ; and
hoping that, if possible, the Foundation of our civil Liberty may be
firmly established without the Blood of Fellow-citizens, Do, therefore,
Pray that the lives of the said Abraham Carlisle and John Roberts, who
are now far advanced in years, may be spared, & such measure of mercy
and forgiveness extended to them as may be thought consistent with the
public safety."

24 lift of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Petitions from some American soldiers set forth that they
had been taken prisoners and that their lives had been saved
by the kindness of John Boberts, when they were confined
in the British jail, and that he had procured the release
of some and had gone bail for others.

Finally, petitions from over one thousand of the best men
of the State, forty-two military officers among them, prayed
for a reprieve until the Assembly, which alone had the
power to pardon, could take these cases into consideration.

The petitions were presented to the Supreme Executive
Council on November 2, a reprieve was reftised on No-
vember 3, and John Boberts and Abraham Carlisle were
executed on November 4.

What mattered it that the counsel who prosecuted, the
judge who tried, and the jury who convicted asked for a
reprieve ? What consideration was given to the names of
Lewis Morris and Beigamin Rush (two of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence) when they appeared on
the petition for pardon ? What cared the Council for the
mercy and forgiveness of which the ministers prated?
What credit was given to the statement of the militiamen,
whose lives he had saved, that John Boberts was ^^ a man
who has Bealy done much goods to many Prisoner, so
that some even did believe that it was so ordered by
Providence that he must be in Town'* ? What availed it
that officers who had seen blood shed in battle asked that
his might be spared ? The Jacobinism of the mob (who
had submitted to the exactions of the British army without
a whimper) had grown so intense that nothing but blood,
shed without any risk to themselves, could satisfy their
fury, and Boberts and Carlisle were the victims, as << an ex-
ample was necessary."

Among the members of the Continental Congress was
James Wilson, a lawyer by profession, who afterwards
became one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the
United States. For a while he was opposed to the Declara-
tion of Independence, thinking such action premature. He

lift of MctTgaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 26

was, however, soon convinced of the necessity of the
measure, and his vote turned the scale and gave Pennsyl-
vania's sanction to liberty and independence.

He was one of the counsel for Roberts and Carlisle, and
subsequently obtained acquittals for a number of persons
tried for treason, and by thus attending to his professional
duties he had ^ven great offence to the mob. Robert
Morris had also incurred enmity by refusing to open his
warehouse and sell goods for less than cost On the night
of October 3, 1779, placards were posted throughout the
city, threatening Robert Morris, James Wilson, and others.
Wilson at that time lived in a large stone house on the
southwest comer of Third and Walnut Streets, which, from
the circumstances about to be related, was afterwards called
" Fort Wilson." The occurrences of October 4, 1779, are
thus related by Watson : *

'' A mob was fonned, who gave out an intention to aasault his honse
and injure his person. His friends gathered around him with arms —
soon the conflict was joined — ^many muskets were fired — some were
wounded, and a few died. It was a day of great excitement, and long
the name and incidents of 'Fort WUson' were discussed and remem-
bered.

"Among those in the house were Messrs. Wilson, Morris, Burd,
George and Daniel Clymer, John T. Mifflin, Allen McLane, Sharp De-
laney, George Campbell, Paul Beck, Thomas Laurence, Andrew Robin-
son, John Potts, Samuel 0. Morris, Captain Campbell, and Generals
Mifflin, Nichols and Thompson. They were provided with arms, but
their stock of ammunition was yery small. While the mob was march-
ing down. General Nichols and Daniel Clymer proceeded hastily to the
Arsenal at Carpenters' Hall, and filled their pockets with cartridges :
this constituted their whole supply.

« In the mean time the mob and militia (for no regular troops took
part in the riot) assembled on the commons, while a meeting of the
principal citizens took place at the Coffee House. A deputation was
sent to endeayor to prevail on them to disperse, but without effect. The
first troop of city cavalry assembled at their stables, a fixed place of ren-
dezvous, and agreed to have their horses saddled, and ready to mount at
a moment's warning. Notice was to be given to as many members as
could be found, and a part was to assemble in Dock below Second Street,

* See Vol. I. p. 425, etc.

26 Uvft of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

and join the party at the stables. For a time a deceitful calm pre-
vailed; at the dinner honr the members of the troop retired to their
homes, and the rebels seized the opportunity to march into the city.
The armed men amounted to two hundred, headed by low characters.
They marched down Chestnut to Second street, down Second to Walnut
stieet, and up Walnut street to Mr. Wilson's house, with drums beating
and two pieces of cannon. They immediately commenced firing on the
house, which was warmly returned by the garrison. Finding that they
could make no impression, the mob proceeded to force the door ; at the
moment it was yielding, the horse made their appearance.

'< After the troop had retired at dinner time, a few of the members,
hearing that the mob was marching into town, hastened to the rendes-
Tous : these members were Majors Lennox and the two Nichols, Samuel
Morris, Alexander Nesbitt, Isaac Coxe, and Thomas Leiper. On their
route to Wilson's they were joined by two troopers firom Bristol, and
turning suddenly round the comer of Chestnut street, they charged the
mob, who, ignorant of their number, at the cry of 'the horse, the horse,'
dispersed in every direction, but not before two other detachments of
the first troop had reached the scene. Many of them were arrested, and
committed to prison ; and as the sword was yery fireely used, a consider-
able number were severely wounded. A man and a boy were killed in
the streets ; in the house. Captain Campbell was killed, and Mr. Mifllin
and Mr. S. C. Morris wounded. The troop patroled the streets the
greater part of the night The citizens turned out, and placed a guard
at the powder magazine and the arsenal. It was some days before order
was restored. Major Lennox was particularly marked out for destruc-
tion. He retired to his house at Gkrmantown : the mob followed and
surrounded it during the night, and prepared to force an entrance.
Anxious to gain time, he pledged his honour, that he would open the
door as soon as daylight appeared. In the meantime, he contrived to
dispatch an intrepid woman, who lived in his family, to the city for
assistance ; and a party of the first troop arrived in season to protect their
comrade ; but he was compelled to return to town for safety. . . . The
gentlemen who had comprised the garrison were advised to leave the
city, where their lives were endangered. General Mifflin and about
thirty others accordingly met at Mr. Gray's house below Gray's Ferry,
where it was resolved to return to town without any appearance of in-
timidation. But it was deemed expedient that Mr. Wilson should
absent himself for a time."

In a note it is stated :

'^ General Arnold came to repress the mob, but he was so unpopular,
they stoned him."

lAft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 27

And 80 James "Wilson was forced to leave Philadelphia
for having defended his home and his life from the attack
of a ftirious mob, who perpetrated outrages almost within
the shadow of Independence Hall! Had it not been for
the diversion made by the City Troop, the soil of Phila-
delphia would have been stained with the blood of three of
the signers of the Declaration of Independence, whose
patriotism was not sufficiently ardent to satisfy these Amer-
ican Jacobins. Such was the narrow escape of the City of
Brotherly Love from horrors similar to those which, known
in history as the " Massacres of September," were the dis-
grace of Paris in 1792.

The defenders of Wilson's house had to give bail, but an
obsequious legislature made haste to pass an act of oblivion
for the protection of the mob who had caused the riot

Where can we find another such conclusion, outside of
comic opera or stage fierce ?

A short account of one feature attending the rejoicings
over the news of the surrender of Cornwallis will fitly con-
clude this chapter. The "Journal of Elizabeth Drinker"*
contains the following, viz. :

«Y« 17th of this month, October, Qenl. Cornwallis was taken, for
which we grievously suffered on y 24th, by way of rejoicing. A mob
assembled about 7 o'clock or before, and continued their insults until
near 10, to those whose Houses were not illuminated. Scarcely one
Friend's House escaped. We had nearly 70 panes of glass broken ; y*
sash lights and two panels of the front Parlor broke in pieces ; y* Door
cracked and violently burst open ; when they threw stones into y* House
for some time, but did not enter. Some &red better and some worse.
Some Houses, after breaking y* door, they entered, and destroyed the
Furniture, Ac. Many women and children were frightened into fits,
and 'tis a mercy no lives were lost."

From the " Diary of Miss Anna Bawle" ' we take the
following, viz. :

* See Penna. Mao., Vol. XVI. p. 106, note 1.
» Ibid., p. 104, etc.

28 Uft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

"I suppose, dear Mammy, thee would not haye imagined this house
to be illuminated last night, but it was. A mob surrounded it, broke
the shutters and the glass of the windows, and were coming in, none
but forlorn women here. We for a time listened for their attacks in
fear and trembling till, finding them grow more loud and violent, not
knowing what to do, we ran into the yard. Warm Whigs of one side,
and Hartley's of the other (who were treated even worse than we),
rendered it impossible for us to escape that way. We had been there
many minutes before we were drove back by the sight of two men
climbing the fence. We thought the mob were coming in thro' there,
but it proved to be Cobum and Bob. Shewell, who called to us not to be
frightened, and fixed lights up at the windows, which pacified the mob,
and after three huzzas they moved off. A number of men came in
afterwards to see us. French and J. B. nailed boards up at the broken
pannels, or it would not have been safe to have gone to bed. Cobum
and Shewell were really very kind ; had it not been for them I really
believe the house would have been pulled down. Even the firm Uncle
Fisher was obliged to submit to have his windows Oluminated, for they
had pickaxes and iron bars with which they had done considerable
injury to his house, and would soon have demolished it had not some
of the Hodges and other people got in back and acted as they pleased.
All Uncles sons were out, but Sammy, and if they had been at home it
was in vain to oppose them. In short it was the most alarming scene I
ever remember. For two hours we had the disagreeable noise of stones
banging about, glass crashing, the tumultuous voices of a large body of
men, as they were a long time at the different houses in the neighbor-
hood. At last they were victorious, and it was one general illumination
throughout the town. As we had not the pleasure of seeing any of the
gentlemen in the house, nor the ftimiture cut up, and goods stolen, nor
been beat, nor pistols pointed at our breasts, we may count our sufferings
slight compared to many others. Mr. Gibbs was obliged to make his
escape over a fence, and while his wife was endeavoring to shield him
firom the rage of one of the men, she received a violent bruise in the
breast, and a blow in the face which made her nose bleed. Ben. Shoe-
maker was here this morning ; tho' exceedingly threatened he says they
came off with the loss of four panes of glass. Some Whig friends put
candles in the windows which made his peace with the mob, and they
retired. John Drinker has lost half the goods out of his shop and been
beat by them ; in short the sufferings of those they pleased to style
Tories would fill a volume and shake the credulity of those who were
not here on that memorable night, and to-day Philadelphia makes an
uncommon appearance, which ought to cover the Whigs with eternal
confiision. A neighbor of ours had the effirontery to tell Mrs. G. that
he was sorry for her ftimiture, but not for her windows — a ridiculous

lift of Margaret Shippmy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 29

diBtinction that many of them make. J. Head has nothing left whole
in his parlonr. Uncle Pennington loet a good deal of window-glan.
Aunt Burge preserved hers thro' the care of some of her neighbors.
The Drinkers and Wains make heavy complaints of the Carolinians in
their neighbourhood. Wains' pickles were thrown about the streets and
barrells of sugar stolen. . . .

"It seems universally agreed that Philadelphia will no longer be that
happy asylum for the Quakers that it once was. Those joyful days
when all was prosperity and peace are gone, never to return ; and per-
haps it is as necessary for our society to ask for terms as it was for Com-
walliB. Juliet says all Uncle Pennington's fine pictures are broken ; his
parlour was full of men, but it was nothing, he said, to Nancy's illness,
who was for an hour or two out of her senses and terrified them ex-
ceedingly."

COUBTSHIP AND MABBIAGB.

Margaret Shippen was just entering her seventeenth year
when the Declaration of Independence was signed. She
developed into a gentle, graceful, and lovely woman, with
such beauty that she became celebrated therefor, so that
later the British officers declared she was the most beautiful
woman in England or America. She was one of the belles
of Philadelphia, and attracted the admiration of every be-
holder. When Mtgor Andr6 was a prisoner in the early
part of the war, and afterwards during the British occupa-
tion of Philadelphia, he visited at her fisither's house and
drew her likeness.

During the time Major Edward Burd was held prisoner
by the British his health was imp^ed by his captivity, so
that after his release he was compelled to relinquish the
military service and return to his professional duties as a
lawyer. On August 12, 1778, he was appointed Prothono-
tary of the Supreme Court, which position he held until
his resignation on January 2, 1806. So satisfactorily and
correctly did he discharge his duties that even the Supreme
Court judges themselves referred an inquirer to him as to a
question of practice which they had not decided.

After the departure of the British army from Philadel-
phia, in June, 1778, preparations for his marriage with Eliza-
beth Shippen were made, and, next to the bride and groom,

80 Lift of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold.

"P^ggy*' Shippen was no doubt most deeply interested
therein, for this was the sister she most dearly loved, whose
confidante she was, and upon whose example she founded
her own conduct It was at this period that she first met
General Arnold, who had been appointed to the command
of Philadelphia on June 19, 1778. He fell in love with her
at first sight, and on September 25, 1778, he wrote as
follows :

"Dear Madam; —

''Twenty times have I taken up my pen to write to you, and as often
has my trembling hand refused to obey the dictates of my heart — a heart
which, though calm and serene amidst the clashing of arms and all the
din and horrors of war, trembles with diffidence and the fear of giving
offence when it attempts to address you on a subject so important to its
happiness. Dear madam, your charms have lighted up a flame in my
bosom which can never be extinguished your heavenly image is too
deeply impressed ever to be efSaced,

"My passion is not founded on personal charms only ; that sweetness of
disposition and goodness of heart, that sentiment and sensibility which
so strongly mark the character of the lovely Miss P. Shippen, renders
her amiable beyond expression, and will ever retain the heart she has
once captivated. On you alone my happiness depends, and will you
doom me to languish in despair? Shall I expect no return to the most
sincere, ardent and disinterested passion ? Do you feel no pity in your
gentle bosom for the man who would die to make you happy? May I
presume to hope it is not impossible I may make a fovourable impression
on your heart? Friendship and esteem yon acknowledge. Dear Peggy,
suffer that heavenly bosom (which cannot know itself the cause of pain
without a sympathetic pang) to expand with a sensation more soft, more
tender than Mendship. A union of hearts is undoubtedly necessary to
happiness ; but give me leave to observe that true and permanent happi*
ness is seldom the effect of an alliance founded on a romantic passion ;
where £uicy governs more than judgment. Friendship and esteem,
founded on the merit of the object, is the most certain basis to build a
lasting happiness upon ; and where there is a tender and ardent passion
on one side, and Mendship and esteem on the other, the heart (unlike
yours) must be callous to every tender sentiment if the taper of love is
not lighted up at the flame.

'' I am sensible your prudence and the affection you bear your amiable
and tender parents forbids your giving encouragement to the addresses of
any one without their approbation. Pardon me, Dear Madame, for dis-

lAft of Mcargcaret SMpperiy Wife of Benedict AmoUL 81

dosiiig a paanon I could no longer confine in my tortured bosom. I
liaye presumed to write to your Papa, and have requested his sanction
to my addresses. Suffer me to hope for your approbation. Ck>nsider
before you doom me to misery, which I have not desenred but by loving
you too extravagantly. Ck>n8ult your own happiness, and if incompatible,
forget there is so unhappy a wretch ; for may I perish if I would give
you one moment's inqui^ude to purchase the greatest possible felicity to
mysell Whatever my fstte may be, my most ardent wish is for your
happiness, and my latest breath will be to implore the blessing of heaven
on the idol and only wish of my souL

''Adieu, dear Madame, and believe me unalterably, your sincere
admirer and devoted humble servant,

"B. Abnold.
"Sept 25, 1778.

''MiBB Peggy Shippbn."

When Arnold wrote this letter his reputation was at its
best He was known as one of the bravest and most daring
of the American generals. On May 7, 1778, Washington
had written to him :

''A gentleman in France having very obligingly sent me three sets of
epaulettes and sword-knots, two of which, professedly, to be disposed of
to any friends I should choose, I take the liberty of presenting them to
you and (General Lincoln, as a testimony of my sincere regard and
approbation of your conduct'' ^

At this time in his thirty-seventh year, even his lameness
caused by a wound received in battle lent additional in-
terest to him and pleaded most strongly for him in the heart
of this fidr maiden, whose sister was just about to wed one
who had also been an American officer.

Bid not the recital of ^neas's adventures win the heart
of Dido of old ? And, like Othello, Arnold could say, —

** I spake of most disastrous chances.
Of moving accidents by flood and field.
Of hair-breadth scapes i' the imminent deadly breach.
Of being taken by the insolent foe

She lov'd me for the dangers I had pass'd.
And I lov'd her that she did pity them."

» Sparks's Washington, Vol. V. p. 861.

82 lAft of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold.

And 60 he won her affection^ though General Greene
was his rival, according to Sabine. Her fether was opposed
to the match for the obvious reasons that Arnold was over
twice her age, a widower with three children, and notori-
ously extravagant; though when he saw that her heart was
fixed, and that her health had failed in consequence of his
refusal, he reluctantly gave his consent^ The earnest court-
ship of Arnold soon attracted the notice of observers. In
November, 1778, Mrs. Morris, writing to her mother, says,
" I must tell you that Cupid has given our little General a
more mortal wound, than all the host of Britons could,
unless his present conduct can expiate for his past — ^Miss
Peggy Shippen is the fair one." And on December 17,
1778, Charles Stewart wrote to Joseph Galloway in England
that it was certain Arnold was to marry the daughter of
Edward Shippen.

From an unexpected quarter comes a glimpse of the
manner of her courtship. Franklin's daughter, writing
to her father about this time concerning her daughter,
his grandchild, remarks, "You cant think how fond of
kissing she is, and she gives such old-fiashioned smacks
General Arnold says he would give a good deal to have
her for a school-mistress to teach the young ladies how to

This is an unlooked-for witness to the correct conduct and
modesty which always distinguished Margaret Shippen.

On December 21, 1778, Edward Shippen wrote to his
father at Lancaster :

"Hon'dSib;

"I received your forour of the 16th inst, acquainting me with the
Bale of Mr. CWoway's house to Mr. Yeates. I had some desire to make

^ In after-yeaiB Edward Shippen wrote to his brother, whose son's
marriage had not been acceptable to his parents, '' I sincerely condole
with you on a mental Affliction which a Circumstance in your fiuoily
must necessarily hare occasioned ; and concerning which I have more
than common reason to sympathize with you.*'

• Pbnna. Mag., Vol. m. p. 882.

lAft of MargaTet Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 88

the purchase on my own account as well as yours, as it is not very un-
likely I shall find myself under the necessity of removing from this
Bcene of expense ; and I don't know where I could more properly go
than to Lancaster. The common articles of life, such as are absolutely
necessary for a fEunily, are not much higher here than at Lancaster,
but the style of life my &shionable daughters have introduced into
my fiunily, and their dress, will, I fear, before long, oblige me to
change the scene. The .expense of supporting my family here will not
&11 short of four or five thousand pounds per annum, an expense insup-
portable without business. I have at last completed my purchase in
Chester county, greatly to my satisfaction, and have sold my Jersey
estate for nine thousand pounds ; so that if I should in Lancaster, I
can be supplied with a variety of necessaries from my own fium, which
is about twenty-four miles from thence, with a very good road all the
way.

'' The orchard I must now defer planting till the spring ; if you could
in the mean time secure me the first choice of the best apple trees in the
nursery you mentioned, it would be very well. I gave my daughter
Betsy to Neddy Burd last Thursday evening, and all is jollity and mirth.
My youngest daughter is much solicited by a certain (General, on the
same subject ; whether this will take place or not, depends upon circum-
stances. If it should, I think it will not be till spring. What other
changes in my fiunily may take place to forward or prevent my removal
firom Philadelphia, is still uncertain. As to the sale of Shippensburgh,
I would not advise yon to think of it unless you can beforehand meet
with something to lay the money out in which would yield you a better
income.''

As the sentence of this letter relative to household ex-
penses has been used as a proof that the Shippen girls were
criminally extravagant, we desire to call the reader's atten-
tion to the fact that the Continental currency had become
depreciated to less than one-seventh of its nominal value ;
and, according to the table of depreciation afterwards ap-
proved by Congress, five thousand pounds was worth on the
day the letter was written only nineteen hundred dollars
specie. An expenditure of nineteen hundred dollars specie
per annum for the household expenses of one of the leading
fiunilies of Philadelphia does not impress us as being ex-
travagant, even though the cost of living was less then than
now.

VOL. XXV. — 3

84 Life of Margaret ShippeUj Wife of Benedict Arnold.

But we think it no more than fair to give the views of
one of the young ladies on the subject of dress, and quote
from a letter (original in the possession of C. R. Hildebum,
Esq.) from " Betsy" Shippen to her first cousin, Mrs. Jasper
Yeates, dated June 6, 1777 :

"You desire to know how the Girk manage about finery ? tolerably
well I assure you, as we had a pretty good stock, we intend wearing that
out and hope by that time we shall be able to purchase more, if we cannot
we must be satisfied without it and try if we cannot make ourselves look
tolerably smart in homenspun.''

*' Philadxlphii. Dec, 22nd, 1778.
"Dear Sir;

"On Thursday Evening last, I formed the most pleasing Connexion
with my most amiable Girl. We had none that lived out of the Family
except Aunt Willing, Mr. Tilghman, & the Brides Man & Maids present
at the Ceremony. My dear Betsy went thro' it with tolerable Courage
considering the very important Change it will make in her Life : — We
saw Company for three days & on Friday Evening had a little Hop for
our unmarried Acquaintances. This, with Punch Drinking, &c. is all
the Entertainment that was given, & even this Expence must have been
very considerable. I was disappointed in getting the Cloathes I ex-
pected & was obliged to purchase others. Betsy joins me in her kind
Love to yourself, Mrs. Yeates & Family. I have a Prospect of getting
Mrs. Francis's House with the Use of her Furniture. She intends to
spend a few Months in Maryland ; In the mean time I can look out for
a House & be providing Furniture. I have got some Linnen at my
father's both fine & coarse. It will be proper I should use my own
Sheeting & Table Linnen. I wish I could get that & my Table Linnen
sent down as soon as is convenient. If you have an Opportunity per-
haps you could desire my Father to send them to you. There are some
Pickles at Gen'l Beed's, of yours which I am to convey to you ; but I
must get a Joiner or Carpenter to make a Box for them, for fear they
should break. In my next, I shall attend to your Commands. I am,
with my Love to the Family, Dear Sir,

"Your very aff*ectionate Brother ;
"Edw. Bubd.

"Jasper Yeatbs Esq."

EQs sister, Mrs. Jasper Yeates, wrote as follows to the
bride on December 80, 1778 :

life of Margaret Shippen^ W^e of Benedict Arnold. 86

''Pennit me, my dear Betsy to congratulate yoa on your Change of
Condition. Our new Connection gives me the highest Joy & Satis-
&ction, and I trust no unfriendly Event will ever interrupt our Affec-
tion as Bisters. I beg leave to assure you that I shall think myself
exceedingly happy in having it in my Power on any Occasion to demcm-
strate my Love for you and my Brother.

''We flatter ouiselves we shall have the Pleasure of your Company
here, whenever the Weather will pennit your travelling. I need not, I
think, tell you that our House is your Home, where you will always be
welcome.

" Pray teU me, will Cousin P^pgy follow your Example? Every one
tells me so with such Confidence, that I am laughed at for my Unbeliefl
Does she know her own Mind yet?

** You will greatly oblige me by presenting my Duty to your Papa A
Mama & Love to your Sisters & Brothers. That you & Neddy may ex-
perience every Felicity the married State is capable of, are the ardent
Wishes of. Dear Betsy,

''Your most affectionate Sister ;

It wafl probably in answer to this letter from his sister
that Neddy wrote as follows to Jasper Yeates on January
3,1779:

" Being now become an old married fellow, I can sit down to Business
with more composure than formerly — that is I have relapsed into a rea-
sonable Being, which I had almost lost all pretensions to, by the happy
Event which had taken place. The serious Care of providing for a
Family will soon employ my Attention and Industry, I am almost
frightened when I consider of the amazing Price of every Article and
Necessary of Life in this City. Suppose I had an Inclination to pur-
chase 20 or 80 Bushels of Wheat what could I procure it for in or near
your City ? Mrs. Francis has a neat new House at the Comer of fourth
and Walnut Streets, which she intends to let me have the Use of for six
or eight Months as well as of her Furniture I paying the House Rent,
Maid's Wages, and replacing the Wood, flour and such other Articles as
I shall consume when I leave the House. It is such a House as I would
chuse. It is large enough, warm, convenient, and not 100 yards from
Mr. Shippen's, and rents at £60 per annum. Could any thing happen
more fortunately for a young Couple just beginning the World ? . . .

"... I wrote you as soon after my Marriage as my attention to
Company and flutter of Spirits would permit.

'* You mention a Eeport of another Wedding being likely to take place
in the family. You may recollect my Suspicions, when I last saw you

86 lAft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

notwithstanding the Refusal. My Expectations have been answered : I
was abnost sure it ooold not be otherwise. A lame Leg is at present the
only Obstacle. Bnt a Lady who makes that the only Objection, and is
firmly persuaded it will soon be well can never retract, however ex-
pressly conditional an Engagement may have been made. However we
have every reason to hope it will be well again, Tho' I am not so san-
guine as he is with respect to the time ; — but the Leg will be a couple of
Inches shorter than the other and disfigured. He appears from the
slight Knowledge I have of him to be a well dispositioned Man, and one

that will use his best Endeavours to make P happy, and I doubt not

will succeed. He has acquired something handsome and a Settlement
will be previously made.

" I can write you no News but that Mr. McKean has prosecuted Oen-
eral Thompson for a Libel, he was discharged upon ye first Warrant for
its Irregularity. . . .

"General Cadwalader, the Town says is to be married to Miss Willy
Bond. He has laid a dozen pair of Gloves with Peggy Shippen that
there will be 12 Marriages among her Acquaintances before next Christ-
mas, my Wedding and his own inclusive."

On January 2, 1779, Edward Shippen, of Lancaster,
wrote to Colonel Burd, "We understand that General
Arnold, a fine gentleman, lays close siege to Peggy, — and
if so, there will soon be another match in the femily."

It has been falsely stated that Margaret Shippen's father
was not opposed to Arnold, but the letter of Edward Burd,
of January 3, 1779, clearly shows that Arnold had been re-
fused, and the uniform tradition of the family is that it was
her father's reftisal that is here referred to.

It is also insinuated that no inquiries were made concern-
ing Arnold after the charges against him were published
on February 3, 1779. But there is a letter from Edward
Shippen, of Lancaster, dated February 15, 1779 (in the His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania), inquiring about these very
charges, from which we quote as follows :

"I see there are a number of Things laid to the charge
of G — ^1 A — d; I wish you would favor me with a few
lines concerning that matter."

The letter of Edward Shippen contains a reference to
Arnold, and it seems as if the writer had still indulged the

lift of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold. 87

secret hope that something might yet occur to break off the
match to which he had so reluctantly consented.

But a £Ehr more interesting letter, in reference to Betsy
Shippen's wedding, is the following written to the bride by
her first cousin, Elizabeth Tilghman :

" CmBTKBTOWN, Janiutfj 2IMh 1779.

''well my dear yonng Matron how is it with your highness now.
have you got oyer aU your litde palpitations, and settled yourself as a
sober discreet wife— oh t hearens, what a moathfal, and is it really pos-
sible that you are married, and have receiyed the golden Pledge before
the Cassock and Twenty Fiye. shameless girl, how conld you be so
naughty as to haye so many witnesses of your actions, and then after
all to pretend in a squeaking yoice to send me trotting aU oyer the house
for a shoyel. it is well that I had a good Tilly or I should haye been
frightened to death with your Nonsense. I dare say that you are
ashamed of yourself by this time for making such a riot for a trifle. I dare
say Miss B[ond] will behaye much better, — ^you ask me whether I was
not surprized at hearing of that match, why no my dear, for I had some
reason for suspecting that the General [Cadwalader] looked upon her
with eyes of kindness, when I was in Town. I dare say it will be a
tlout wedding, an't you sorry that you did not ask the Bride elect to
your Ball. Mrs. Dickinson is sitting by me framing a Letter to the fiur
intended. She laughs and rails at being obliged to write such a formal
scrawl, but she cannot ayoid it and therefore must puzzle her Brains to
write nonsense as she calls it, between friends dont you think that the
noble general has made rather a homely choice, but they say she is
mighty good, and thats enough for any reasonable Christian. I sup-
pose that Johnny considers that a face is a flower that Blooms and dies,
talking of Beauty, the dear Pe[nn] had just darted across my brain alas I
he had like neyer to haye called at Polly's door again. I am well in-
formed that she had 10 fits in half a second, when she heard the dreadful
afBedr which I think a fityourable sign for Johnny P[enn]. They say
that he was determined to die like an Adonis, and of course put on the
white damask Jacket and bought a new wig which he neatly flowered,
powder you know is rather ezpensiye.'' [The foregoing refers to the
Penn-Laurens duel.]

'' Miss T[ilghman] shed a few tears at his disaster, but she is now com-
posed do you think that she has a place still in his heart, Tilly I mean,
it is a monstrous Bore to say heart — ah I my dear Eliza those happy six
weeks appear like a dream why was I snatched from you so soon, but I
keep up my spirits at the thoughts of meeting you in the spring, giye
my best loye to Counsellor Burd you haye some slight knowledge of the

88 lAft of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict AmoUL

youth I presume, but at your perril dont let him peep at this elegant
scrawl of mine, tell the girls they have my best wishes for their pro-
motion, but I warn Madam Sarah [Shippen] not to think of young Jo[hn
Penn?] as I am determined to dispute the charmer with her — oh t all ye
powers of love I had like to have forgot the gentle Arnold, where is he,
how does he, and when is he like to convert our little Peggy, they say
she intends to surrender soon I thought the fort would not hold out
long well after all there is nothing like persererence, and a regular at-
tack, adieu my dear, supper waits, let me hear from you soon if you
wish to give pleasure to your

"affectionate E.T."

Alafl for the dignity of Revolutionary patriots ! Where
now is that mantle of ahnost supernatural gravity and wis-
dom with which the members of the Continental Congress
have been invested from the " time whereof our memory
runneth not to the contrary*'? To think that a "most
potent, grave, and reverend" signer of the Declaration of
Independence should be termed " Johnny !" But if we are
right in supposing that " Madam Sarah" Shippen alludes to
the same gentieman in an undated note now before us, a
fresh horror overwhelms us, for she says, "I think you
have a great deal of assurance to give me tight-skin (which
by the bye I think an excellent name) for a gallant" Could
irreverence go ftirther than this ?

Returning now to Arnold, we find that he had at last
obtained her fether's consent, for on February 8, 1779, he
writes from the camp at Raritan, as follows :

"My Dbabbst Life ; —

"Never did I so ardently long to see or hear from you as at this
instant. I am all impatience and anxiety to know how you do ; six
days' absence, without hearing from my dear Peggy, is intolerable.
Heavens I what must I have suffered had I continued my journey — the
loss of happiness for a few dirty acres. I can almost bless the villanous
roads, and more viUanaw men, who oblige me to return. I am heartily
tired with my journey, and almost so with human nature. I daily dis-
cover so much baseness and ingratitude among mankind that I almost
blush at being of the same species, and could quit the stage without
regret was it not for some gentle, generous souls like my dear Peggy, who
still retain the lively impression of their Maker's image, and who, with

lift of Mcargaret Shippertj Wife of Benedict AmoUL 89

smilee of benignity and goodness, make all happy around them. Let
me beg of you not to Buffer the rude attacks on me to give you one
moment's uneasiness ; they can do me no injury. I am treated with the
greatest politeness by General Washington and the officers of the army,
who bitterly execrate Mr. Beed and the Council for their villanous at-
tempt to injure me. they hare adyised me to proceed on my journey.
The badness of the roads will not permit, was it possible to support an
absence of four weeks, for in less time I could not accomplish it. The
day after to-morrow I leare this, and hope to be made happy by your
smiles on Friday evening ; 'tiU then all nature smiles in vain ; for you
alone, heard, felt and seen, possess my erery thought, fill erery sense
and pant in every vein.

'' Clarkson will send an express to meet me at Bristol ; make me happy
by one line, to tell me you are so ; please to present my best respects to
your manuna and the family. My prayers and best wishes attend my
dear Peggy. Adieu I and believe me sincerely and affectionately thine.

"B. Arnold.

"Mmb Pbggy Shippen."

On March 18, 1779, Elizabeth Tilghman writes to Mrs.
Burd 88 follows :

" I think all the World are running mad, what Demon has possessed

the People with respect to Gen. A d, he is certainly much abused ;

ungrateful Monsters, to attack a character that haa been looked up to, in
more instances than one, since this war commenced; but however I
have not a doubt of his not clearing himself with honor : Poor P^pgy
how I pity her ; at any rate her situation must be eztreamly disagree-
able, she has great sensibility and I think it must have been often put
to the tryal. Will you give my Ck>mpts. to the General, I wish him
happy because I think he deserves to be so.''

On March 22, 1779, Arnold purchased Mount Pleasant,
a fine old place on the eastern bank of the Schuylkill, now
in Fairmount Park, containing ninety-six acres, and settled
it on himself for life with remainder to his wife and chil-
dren. This was not very far from Edward Shippen's country-
seat, and on one of the oldest beeches in Ormiston Glen we
remember to have seen in boyhood's days the initials " B. A."

In the Pennsylvania Packet of April 15, 1779, the follow-
ing notice appeared : " Married, Major-Qeneral Arnold to

40 Lift of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Miss Peggy Shippen, youngest daughter of Edward Ship-
pen, Esq."

In Wateon's Annals, Vol. HI., p. 448 (edition of 1891),
the following account by Mrs. Ann "Willing Morris is given :

'' As a petted child she was permitted to be present at the marriage of
General Arnold with the daughter of Chief-Justice Shippen. Of the
character and exploits of the traitor she in after life spoke in detesta-
tion ; and for far more serious cause did she then sympathize with her
grandmother, the aunt of 'the heautiful bride/ in her sorrow and sur-
prise that so great a sacrifice was permitted to one so much her senior,
a widower with ^ildren, and who, by herself at least, was not regarded
with the confidence and respect necessary to render the connection de-
sirable or agreeable. Owing to a recent wound, received under circum-
stances which would alone have established a claim to grateful remem-
brance had not his subsequent extraordinary defection obliterated his
name firom the roll of his country's heroes, Arnold during the marriage
ceremony was supported by a soldier, and when seated his disabled
limb was propped upon a camp-stool. These wounds may perhaps have
made him more interesting to the lovely but unfortunate bride. At all
events, her 'hero' except for his character for extravagance, was then
regarded with a share of public fiivor, if not with any feeling of popu-
lar afiection. He had rendered ' some service to the state,' and was
distinguished for gallantry among the bravest of the land."

By way of epilogue to this chapter we quote the follow-
ing lively letter from Miss Tilghman, who soon after mar-
ried James Lloyd, the " certain Major" she speaks of:

*• Cheotsb Town April 14th 1779.
"Get married as soon as you can — ^and so that is really the burden of
your song, my dear Eliza, good Lord I what will this world come to ?
who could have ever Imagined that you would turn Preacher, and that
Matrimony should be the Text, perhaps you think that I dont remem-
ber the Quakes tremblings and a thousand other Quirks that you had
on a certain occasion, if your feelings were affected, yon are a mon-
strous Hypocrite and have a very great sin to answer for in frightening
poor Peggy and myself into a solemn Oath, never to change our State,

which Oath, Madam P most religiously kept, till she was Burgoyned

— ^which, report says was on Thursday last, will you my dear give my
best love to Mrs. Arnold, tell her that I wish her every happiness that
this world is capable of affording, and that she may long live the de-
light and comfort of her adoring General — ^there's a flourish for you.

lAft of Margaret Shtpperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 41

dont yoa think I am a good deal in the Haro stile ? I have you all
before me thiB instant, and have even seen in Imagination every joyous
scene that the Wedding has produced. Heigh-ho I why did not the
fates allow me to make one of the gay throng that snrrounded the Mr
Bride. Apropos ; has our Friend Zane exerted her genius on the happy
occasion ? I dont think that the United States can produce her equal. I
hare a Letter from her which is beyond all description. I thought that
her Extempore in the Courts, was a master Piece, but indeed (to use
her own expressions) they were poor & lean compared to some flights of
&ncy in my Letter ; to me she is really a treasure ; and I would not
give up her Correspondence on any account she will be a constant
fund of entertainment to me as she intends writing every thing that
passes in Town and her comments are peculiar to Hersel£ so that you
see I shall not be reduced to the Necessity of taking a certain Major, by
way of softening the Solitude of Maryland, pray my dear from whence
did you get your Intelligence? has my good Friend £. T. been puffing
a second time of my making a Confidant of her ? my heart is almost
broke on N. Chew's leaving us. Grod knows when we shall meet again, as
every scheme is blown away, now my Father has given up all thought
of living this Summer at the Falls, we are to spend this summer in
Talbot at Uncle William Tilghman's. next to being with you it is the
only place that I wish to pass my time, it is an enchanting situation,
genteel Neighbourhood, and to crown all, they are a Family that I adore,
and will receive us with open arms, you saw Nancy Tilghman in Phila-
delphia ; she is a sweet girl ; her manners and conversation often put
me in mind of you my dear Betsy, judge then if I have not reason to
love her. I had a letter from her yesterday she is in Baltimore, acting
Bridesmaid to Miss Hetty Levy who is married to a Doctor Ooodwin.
so goes the world, who would have thought that child would have
been married so soon ? I declare it makes me feel quite old. I very well
remember her an infant, my respects to my tall cousin Burd, you have
seen the Gentleman, how dare he call me little ? is not my height the
Ton. I wonder who would even wish to be higher than the right honour-
able Mrs. R d. Farewell my dear, that you may always be as happy

as you now are is the wish of your ever affectionate

'*R TiLGHBiAN.

"Mbs. Burd.

"Philadelphia."

THE JOURNEY TO WEST POINT.

After his marriage, Arnold lived at his house in Philadel-
phia and at Mount Pleasant in a style of ostentation which
he could not afford. Mrs. Arnold probably visited her

42 lAft of Margaret Shipperty Wife of Benedict Arnold.

cousin at Sunburj, i^ear Bristol, Pennsylvania; for a letter
from A. Coxe to Mrs. Burd, dated Sunbury, June 9, 1779,
contains this sentence: "Pray give my love to the girls,
one of them I hope will come up with Mrs. Arnold who
we expect every day."

Mrs. Arnold's first son was bom on March 19, 1780 ; and
Washington, writing to Arnold on March 28, 1780, says,
" Let me congratulate you on the late happy event. Mrs.
Washington joins me in presenting her wishes for Mrs.
Arnold on the occasion." *

On August 8, 1780, Arnold obtained the command of
West Point. He had been in communication with the
British commander since about April, 1779.*

By August 80, 1780, Arnold's plot only awaited a meet-
ing with the representative of Sir Henry Clinton to have the
final details arranged.'

Sir Henry Clinton, in his report to Lord George Germain,
says, —

"It became necessary at this ingtant, that the secret correspondence
under feigned names, which had been so long carried on, should be ren-
dered into certainty, both as to the person being General Arnold com-
manding at West Point, and that in the manner in which he was to sur-
render himself, the forts, and troops to me, it should be so conducted
under a concerted plan between us, as that the King's troops sent upon
this expedition should be under no risk of surprise or counterplot ; and
I was determined not to make the attempt but under such particular
security." *

At this time Mrs. Arnold was in Philadelphia, and did not
leave the city until Thursday, September 6, 1780, probably
arriving at West Point on September 12, 1780. The fol-
lowing letter fi-om Hannah Arnold fixes the dates :

" Sunday, September 10, 1780.
" I address you, my dear Mrs. Arnold, from the regions of gloom and
solitude ; but when this splenatic scrawl will reach you, know not, for
at present hare not the shadow of a conveyance for it

» Sparks's Washington, Vol. VI. p. 494.

• Ibid., Vol. VII. p. 520.

» Sparks's Arnold, p. 176. * Ibid., p. 169.

Life of Margaret ShippeUj Wife of Benedict Arnold. 48

"This is Monday, the fourth day Bince your departure, and I have
not once in the whole time Btep'd my foot over the threshold of our own
door, and have scarcely been off the bed two hours together ; haye had
the slight but troubleBome ferer that has so indiscriminately attacf d all
orders of people (old maids not exempted.) Mrs. Burd has been in the
same situation with myself, so that we have as yet not seen each other.
Mr. Burd has kindly called once or twice ; if you could conceire how
we miss you and the dear little bantling, you would pity us. Harry was
inconsolable the whole day you left us, and had, I believe, not less than
twenty the most violent bursts of grief; his little brother Edward seems
to be the principal theme of the mournful song — ^not one day has es-
caped without his shedding tears at his absence ; he laments that just
as he began to know and love his brother, he must be removed so for
£nom him that he cannot even hear how he does ; this day with a £dling
tear, he observed to me that he thought it very hard when he had so few
relations, that they should all be at such a distance from him ; must own
the observation call'd forth a sympathetic drop from my eyes. Am ex-
tremely anxious to know how you perform your journey ; am very fear-
ful for the poor little sore-headed boy, and am surpriz'd that I have not
heard a syllable from you, but comfort myself with the thought that no
news is good news, as I cannot imagine but I should have heard it, if
any material accident had befidlen you. Yesterday got a letter from
your anxious husband, who, lover-like, is tormenting himself with a
thousand fancied disasters which have happened to you and the family ;
however hope by the day after to-morrow you will be able to remove aU
his distreesing fears. Heaven guard you safely to him, for in your life
and happiness his consists.

"Your papa was in yesterday ; the &mily at the Cottage were all well,
and had just heard your mamma was gone down to your aunt Pierce's —
my head aches, and as I am sleepy, will close my letter for to-night ;
sweet repose to you and yours. —

** Monday Morning. — Had wrote the above, hoping some opportunity
would present for sending it ; and left it unsealed to make whatever ad-
ditions I found proper ; but none presenting, had left it in statu quo ;
was just dressing myself, with an intent to creep out and make Mrs.
Huntington a morning visit, when Punch came tripping up stairs (show-
ing his teeth), with a letter in his hand from mistress : I broke the seal
with eager solicitude, and am more than happy to find you performed
your journey as far as Brunswick with so much ease and pleasure ; may
they both attend in your train to the end of it ; — am rejoiced at the ac-
count you give me of Edward ; hope the little rogue holds out as well
as he began ; reckon he will this night finish his first grand tour. —

'' Sent just now to see how Mrs. Burd was ; have for answer that she

44 Liift of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

is much better ; if my morning's yinting don't make me sick, dedgn
seeing her in the evening. —

'' Thunday. — ^Nothing new to-day. Saw Mrs. Burd last night, and
we have made an appointment to Mrs. Morris's to-morrow. — ^feunily
affidrs go on smooth ; find I have got a steady, clever, industrious old
cook ; she has been out only once to church, and seems to have no in-
clination for gadding ; your papa keeps Mrs. Allen's house for you, or
himself; which takes it wiU be determined soon ; he thinks Mrs. Allen's,
on some accounts, most convenient for him, and knows the one we are
now in, most so for you ; for my part, wish he may find it most con-
venient to take Mrs. Allen's himself.

^^ Friday Evening, — ^Am just returned from Mrs. Morris's where I
drank tea with Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Cope, two Miss Marshalls, Miss
Nellie McCall, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Burd, Miss Sally Morris, of New
Jersey, and another Miss — name unknown, the two Mr. Coxes, all the
beaux we had to help ourselves with. Hear nothing from the little boys
at Maryland. Mr. and Mrs. mead are just annonc'd ; adieu for to-night.

" Saturday Evening, — ^The day has passed ofi* without hearing one lisp
from you ; I cannot account for it, unless by delays on the road ; prom-
ise myself you are now happy with my brother ; hope you have by this
reach' d, and Edward qiiite well of his sore head. Your papa has been
unwell for a few days, but is better ; he went from here two hours since ;
aU well at the cottage. Your mamma is not yet return' d. Harry de-
sires his duty to papa and mamma, his love to Edward and Betsy ; he
says he wishes mamma would please to kiss Edward one hundred times
for him, and when her hand is in, she may, if she pleases, give him
fifty for his aunt ; make my love to my brother, if you please. I shall
expect letters the first and all opportunities, and am with sincere esteem
and regard. Yours,

"H. Abnold.

'' I have nothing to say in excuse for this ill pen'd scrawl, but that
writing is not my talent

"H. A."

Mrs. Arnold no doubt pursued the route which had been
carefully marked out for her in Arnold's own handwriting,
in a paper which was afterwards found at West Point, but
is now in the Department of State at Washington. It is as
follows :

" Directions for Mrs. Arnold on Her way to Wt. Point
" You must by all means get out of the Carriage in Crossing all Ferries,
and going over all large Bridges to prevent accidents.

Lift of Margaret Shvppen^ Wife of Bemdict Arnold. 46

" 1 Tour first nights Stage will be at Bristol. Mr. Coxes 20 Miles

" 2 The Second at Trenton, Banagers unless you to Q. Dickinsons or
Col. Caduc's. 10

" 8 The third night to Brunswick Wm. Mairiners a good house 28 If
the weather is warm and this Stage too long you can lodge at Princeton
12 Miles from Trenton.

'' 4 the fourth Night at Newark ... 26 If this Stage is too long you
can stop 6 miles Short at Elizabeth Town, or if any danger is Apprehended
firom the enemy you will be very safe by riding a few miles out of the
Common rode.

<' 5 the fifth Night at Paramus. 12.

"The 6th night Judge Coe's 14 Miles and If not fisttigued to Joshua
Smith Esqr. 6 Miles further and only three firom King's Ferry where you
will be hospitably received & well accommodated, you will get tollera-
ftble Beds at Coe's, & from thence or Smith's can reach Wt. Point next
day with ease as you will go fi*om King's Ferry by Water, so that in
Seven days if the Weather is cool, you will perform the Journey with
ease. You must not Forget to bring your own Sheets to sleep in on the
road, and a Feather Bed to put in the Lt. Waggon which will make an
easy Seat, and you will find it cooler, and pleasenter to ride in in smooth
roads, than a Close Carriage. — and it will ease your Carriage Horses.
At Paramus you will be very politely received by Mrs. Watkins & Mrs.
Provost, very Genteel People

*'let me beg of you not to make your Stages so long as to fisttigue
yourself or the Dr. Boy. If you should be much longer in Coming

*We call the reader^s particular attention to the sentence,
" At Paramus you will be very politely received by Mrs.
"Watkins k Mrs. Provost, very Genteel People." An in-
spection of the original paper in the State Department at
"Washington, D. C, shows that Arnold first wrote "very
polite People," and afterwards struck out the word " pohte"
and interlined the word " Genteel." The addition of the
three words " very Genteel People" shows that Mrs. Arnold
was not acquainted with Mrs. Provost; for if they had been
friends previously, Arnold would not have said Mrs. Pro-
vost was " Genteel" and would not have mentioned Mrs.
"Watkins at all. This fact, apparently so trivial, has a most
important bearing upon the charges afterwards made against
Mrs. Arnold. The point assumed in Burr's story, as we
shall see, was that Mrs. Arnold was such a friend of Mrs.

46 lAft of Margaret Shippen^ W}fe of Benedict Arnold.

ProvoBt that she could trust her with a secret on which her
life depended.

It is poetic justice, as we shall see, that the husband whom
Aaron Burr sought to wrong should have unwittingly fur-
nished proof of the fidsehood of Burr's accusation against
his wife, Mrs. Arnold. >

She reached West Point in safety, and took up her abode
in the " Eobinson" House, which was finely situated on a
knoll on the eastern side of the Hudson overlooking the
river.

It seemed now as if heaven had granted to her the fairest
blessings of life. She was with her husband, fitr remov^
from the calumnies and slanders which had incessantly as-
sailed him in Philadelphia. Her darling child was in her
arms, and in one of the most beautiful and romantic situa-
tions of America the golden month of September was daily
displaying new beauties of the forests to her delighted eyes.
It was the last gleam of sunshine in her life, which from
this time was passed in trouble and sorrow.

(To be continued.)

Index to American Portraits. 47

INDEX TO AMEEICAN PORTEAITS.

BY BUNFORD SAMUEL, OF THE RIDOWAT BRANCH OF THE PHILA-
"^ DELPHIA LIBRARY.

This index is a selection only from one of a general nature
in manuscript, covering portraits of all nations. On account
of space, even the American ones are selected, and comprise
the period from 1782 to 1862, whereas the unpublished manu-
script comes down to 1896, and includes popular magazines,
such as Harper J Scribnery and others. Our present selection
is from the magazines given below, the dates of which repre-
sent the volumes accessible in the principal libraries of Phila-
delphia,— ^viz., the Library Company of Philadelphia, the
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the University of Penn-
sylvania, the Mercantile Library, and the Philadelphia Free
Library.

As negative information is sometimes useftil, we may
state that the following magazines have been searched with-
out result, — viz.. The American Magazine^ 1767 and 1758 ;
The New American Magazine^ 1758-60 ; The American Maga-
zincy 1769; and The Pennsylvania Magazine^ 1775 and 1776.

Our selection follows the plan necessary to the larger
index, whereof it is a part. It does not choose or reject a
portrait upon grounds of rarity or authenticity, etc., but in-
dexes anything purporting to represent a subject within its
scope at its face value, whether really a " counterfeit pre-
sentment" or not; and it gives no ftirther information as to
portraits indexed than the name of painter and engraver,
afforded by themselves.

The reader is reminded that an index of portraits may,
besides its main object, be found of use for others, — e.g.y as
an assistance to artists seeking the costume of a period, as
a clue to biographical text, to fac-simile autographs, etc.

Index to American Portraits.

Magazines Indexed.

London Magazine 1782-1772.

Universal Magazine 1747-1816.

WeBtminster Magazine .... 1778-1786.

European Magazine 1782-1826.

Colombian Magazine 1786-1792.

MassachusettB Magazine .... 1789-1798.

Monthly Mirror 1796-1810.

PortFoHo 1801-1827.

Union Magazine 1801-1808.

Polyanthoe 1806-1814.

La Belle Aesembl^e 1806-1828.

Analectic Magazine 1818-1820.

Muieum 1822-1861.

Democratic Review 1888-1862.

American Whig Review .... 1846-1851.

From the following magazines portndta of those person-
ages only have been selected whose portraits also appear in
one or more of the above list A number of books are
also included to the same extent, though not specified here.

New Monthly Magazine
Knickerbocker Magazine
Bentley's Miscellany
Harper's Monthly Magazine
Scribner's Magazine .
Century Magazine
Cosmopolitan Magazine

1821-1878.
1884-1866.
1887-1868.
1850-1896.
1870-1896.
1881-1896.
1886-1896.

Abebcbombdc, James, D.D.; Port Folio, frontispiece, Noyember, 1810.

Trott del., Edwin sc
Adams, John; European Magazine, frontispiece, August, 1783.

, John; American Universal Magazine, vol. i. p. 361, March, 1797.

, John ; Philadelphia Monthly Magazine, July, 1798.

, John; Literary Magazine and American Register, frontispiece,

August, 1804. B. Tanner sc.
, John; Museum, July, 1827. Q. Stuart p., Longacre sc. Prom

portrait in Delaplaine's Gallery.
, John; National Portrait Gallery, vol. iv., frontispiece, 1836. G.

Stuart p., J. B. Longacre sc From a copy by Otis.
, John; Jones, A. D., Illust. Am. Biog. N. Y., vol. i. p. 59, 1863.

J. W. Orr sc

Index to American Portraits. 49

Aj>AMa, JoHH; Brotherhead, WnL, Centennial Book of the Signers,
Phila., n. cL, p. 853.

, JoHH; Harper, p. ^, July, 1876.

, JoHH; Duyddndce's Cyclopedia, toI. L p. 196, 1877.

, John; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hiet. of the U. 8., N. T., yoL iL

p. 21, 1878. MedaL

, John; Qncken, Dae Zeitalter Friedriche dee Grossen^ Berlin

(Oncken, Allg. Ge8.),yol. iL pp. 718, 719, 1882. Trumbull p. (Pic-
ture of signing of Declaration of Independence.) Sadd ic

, John; Harper, p. 838, May, 1883.

, John; Harper, p. 553, March, 1884. Q. Stuart p., Q. Kruell to.

, John; Hopp, Bundesetaat in Nord Amerika. Berlin (Qncken,

Allg. Gee.), pp. 274-276, 1886.

, John; Century, p. 322, July, 1887. G. Stuart p., T. Johnston sc

, John; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol. vi

p. 36, 1889. From print in Amsterdam ed. of '^ Geechichte van het
Geschil," etc

, John ; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, toI. tIL

p. 90, 1889. From eng. in European Magazine.

, John; Century, p. 826, April, 1889.

, John; Scrib., p. 61, January, 1896. G. Stuart. From copy by

Jane Stuart.

, John Quinot; Casket, frontispiece, June, 1828.

, John Quinot; National Portrait Gallery, vol. iy., 1836. Du-

rand p., J. W. Paradise so.

, John Quinot; American Ber., frontispiece. May, 1845. Mar-
chant p., G. Parker sc.

, John Quinot; Illustrated London News, p. 283, April 29, 1848.

, John Quinot; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. T., vol. L

p. 119, 1853. J. W. Orr sc

, John Quinot; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, voL i. p. 679, 1877.

, John Quinot; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., N. T.,

vol. ii., plate 54, 1878. Furst Medal.

, John Quinot; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nord Amerika, Berlin

(Qncken, Allg. Ges.), p. 446, 1886. Chappel p.

, John Quinot; Harper, p. 119, June, 1884. G. P. A. Healy p.

, John Quinot; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. yii. p. 550, 1889. From eng. in National Portrait Gallery.

, John Quinot; Scrib., p. 204, February, 1895. Stuart p.

, Saml.; Polyanthos, vol. iii. p. 73, September, 1806. S. Harris sc

, Saml.; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. ii. part 1, p. 1, 1815. Cop-
ley p., Goodman and Piggot sc

, Sajii..; Casket, September, 1832. Copley p., €k)odman and Pig-
got sc

, Saml.; National Portrait Gallery, vol. iv., 1836. Copley p., G. F.

Storm sc From drawing by Longacre.

, Saml.; Harper, p. 154, July, 1851.

VOL. XXV. — 4

60 Index to American Portraits.

Adams, Saml.; Jones, A. D., niuBt. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. L p. 6Z,

1853. J. W. Ott 8C
, Saml.; Brotherhead, Whl, Centennial Book of the Signers, Phila.,

n. d., p. 173.

, Saml.; Harper, p. 186, July, 1876.

, Saml.; Harper, p. 192, July, 1876. "Johnston port."

, Saml.; Qndcen, Das Zeitalter Friedrichs des Grossen, Berlin

(Onckcn, All. Ges.), vol. ii. pp. 718, 719, 1882. Trumbull p. (pic-
ture of signing of Declaration of Independence), Sadd sc.

, Saml.; Harper, p. 739, October, 1883.

, Saml.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol. vi.

p. 40, 1889. From cut by Norman in "An Impartial History of

the War."
, Saml. ; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol. vL

p. 41, 1889. From portrait in London edition of 1700 of "An

Impartial History of the War."
Adbain, Robt., Democratic Rev., voL xiv. p. 559, June, 1844. Ingham p.,

P. H. Reason sc.
Aqassiz, Louis Jean Rodolphk; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog.,

N. Y., p. 459, 1854.
, LoxTis Jean Rodolphs; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 296, March, 20,

1858.
, Louis Jean Rodolphk; Litteirs living Age, July, 1859. F.

GroUsc.
, Louis Jean Rodolphs; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 4, January 3,

1874.

, Louis Jean Rodolphe; Harper, p. 200, January, 1876.

, Louis Jean Rodolphe; Scrib., p. 353, July, 1876.

, Louis Jean Rodolphe; Century, p. 498, February, 1883. After

etching by Merritt.
, LoxTis Jean Rodolphs; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of

Amer., Boston, vol. i. p. 373, 1889. Photo, in the Somerset Glub.
, Loins Jean Rodolphs; Book News, p. 387, May, 1893. From

Holder's " Louis Agassiz."
AiTKSN, James (" John the Painter") ; London Magazine, March, 1777.

Drawing taken at his trial.
Allen, Wm. (of Ohio) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, September, 1843.

Daguerreotype. Fred. Halpin.

, Wm. (of Ohio) ; Harper, p. 863, November, 1881.

, Wm. Henbt, Oapi. U.8.N,; Port Folio, frontispiece, January,

1814. Edwin sc
Allston, Washington; Democratic Rev., October, 1843.
, Washington; Gampbeirs Mag., frontispiece, March, 1844. Sar-

tain sc
, Washington; Lester, E. Edwards, Artists of America, N. Y.,

p. 1, 1846. Harding p., Burt sc
, Washington; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p.

195, 1853. J. W. Orr sc

Index to American Portraits. 61

AixsTOir, WASHiiTGTOir; Putnam's Mag., vol. x. p. 497, October, 1857.

, Washdigton; Harper, p. 696, April, 1876.

, Washington ; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. ii. p. 17, 1877.

, Washington; Century, p. 83, January, 1892.

, Washington; Scrib., p. 2, January, 1892. G. W. Flagg p., G.

Kruell 8C.
Amebious Vesfucius; See VeepuciuB.
Ames, Fishes; Port Folio, vol. xx. p. 89, 1825. Stuart p., Leney sc

, Fisher ; Port Folio, p. 101, February, 1813. Edwin sc

, Fishes; Analeotic Mag., frontispiece, April, 1814. Stuart p.,

Leney sc
, Fishes; Delaplaine's Bepository, vol. i. part 1, p. 45, 1815.

Stuart p., Boyd sc
, Fishes; National Portrait Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. G. Stuart p.

Engraved by J. F. E. Prudhonune after Edwin.
, Fishes; Jones, A. D., lUust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 81,

1863. J. W. Orr sc

, Fishes; Harper, p. 244, January, 1884.

, Fishes; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, voL

vii. p. 311, 1889. After eng. in Analectlc Mag.

, Fishes; Century, p. 807, April, 1889.

Andrews, John (Provost) ; Port Folio, p. 425, May, 1813. Sully p.,

Edwin sc
Arnold, Benedict; Westminster Mag., p. 610, November, 1780.
, Benedict; European Mag., frontispiece, February, 1783. Du

Simitidre sc
, Benedict; Du Simitidre p., Thirteen Portraits of American Legis-
lators, plate 13, 1783. Du Simiti^re del., B. Reading sc.

, Benedict; Howard, Alfred, Biog. Illust., plate 10, 1830.

, Benedict; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 85,

1853. J. W. Orr sc

, Benedict; Harper, p. 461, September, 1851.

, Benedict; Harper, p. 721, November, 1861.

, Benedict; Harper, p. 832, May, 1876.

, Benedict; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Society of Cin-
cinnati, N. Y., p. 253, 1886. H. B. Hall aq. f.
, Benedict; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vi. p. 223, 1889. From eng. in "Impartial History of War

in America.''
, Benedict; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

p. 447, 1889. Du Simiti^re p., Adam sc.
, Benedict; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

p. 448, 1889. Cut in Geschichte d. Kriege in und ausser Europa.
, Benedict; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

p. 449, 1889. Cut in Murray's " Impartial History of Present War."

, Mrs, Benedict. See Shippen, Margaret.

Ashman, Geo.; American Bev., vol. xvi. p. 193, September, 1852.

A. H. Ritchie sc

52 Index to American Portraits.

Abbmajx, Gbo.; Century, p. 666, September, 1887.

Athsbtoit, Chas. G.; Democratic Rev., vol. xxiiL, frontispiece, July,

1848. Daguerreotype. T. Doney sc
, Chas. G.; Jonee, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 431,

1854.
Audubon, John James; Illust. Lond. News, p. 144, February 15, 1851

, John James; Godey's Lady's Book, frontispiece, May, 1861.

, John James; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., p. 275,

1854.
, John James; Duyddncks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 678, 1877

Roberts sc

, John James; Harper, p. 665, October, 1880.

, John James; Scrib., p. 269, Merch, 1892. Cruiksliank p., Tur

ner sc
, John James; Scrib., p. 268, March, 1893. Profile from death-

, John James; Scrib., p. 273, March, 1893. J. W. Audubon p.

, John Jambs; Scrib., p. 275, March, 1893. Portrait shortly be-
fore death.

Bainbbidoe, Wm., Commodore; Polyanthos, 1812.
f Wm., Commodore; Analectic Mag. (2d ed.), frontispiece, Janu-
ary, 1813. Stuart p., Edwin sc.
, Wm., Commodore; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, October, 1818.

Stuart p., Edwin sc
^ Wm.; Port Folio, frontispiece, December, 1813. Stuart p., Ed-
win sc >
, Wm., Commodore; National Portrait Gallery, vol. iii., 1836.

J. W. Jarvis p., G. Parker sc
, Wm., Commodore; Wyatt, Thos., Memoirs of Generals and other

Commanders in the American Army and Navy, Phila., p. 215, 1848.

Medal.
, Wm., Commodore; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i.

p. 123, 1853. J. W. Orr sc

f Wm., Commodore; Harx>er, p. 171, January, 1862.

, Wm., Commodore; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. S., N. Y.,

vol. ii. plate 29, 1878. Fflrst. Medal.
, Wm., Commodore; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 380, 1889. From National Portrait Gallery.
Baldwin, Rooeb S.; American Rev., vol. x. p. 331, October, 1849.

Daguerreotype. A. H. Ritchie sc
Babolat, Jas. T.; litteirs Living Age, frontispiece, January 1, 1859.

Sartain sc
Bablow, Joel; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, Aug. 1814. Edwin sc
, Joel; National Portrait Gallery, vol. i., 1836. Robt. Fulton p.,

A. B. Durand sc
, Joel; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 243, 1854.

J. W. Orr sc

Index to American Portraits. 68

Bablow, Joel; DujckinckB'B Cyclopedia, yoL i. p. 409, 1877.
Babnabd, DAifL. Dbwkt; American Ber., p. 521, May, 1848. A. H.

Ritchie sc
Babbt, John, Commodore; Port Folio, frontispiece, July, 1813. Stuart

p., Edwin Bc
Babton, Bkk. Smith; Port Folio, frontispiece, April, 1816. Qo-

brecht sc
, Bin. Smith; Winsor, J., Narr. and CMt. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. i. p. 371, 1889.
Batabd, Ja8. a.; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, February, 1816. Wert-

muller p., Goodman and Piggot sc.
, Jas. a. ; National Portrait Gkdlery, vol. ii, 1836. Wertmuller p.,

Wellmore sc
, Jas. A.; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i., 1863.

J. W. Orr sc.
Belkkap, Jbbkmt; Polyanthos, voL i., frontispiece, 1805. S. Har-
ris sc.

, Jesemt; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 266, 1877.

Bkll, John; American Rev., vol. xvi. p. 289, October, 1852. A. H.

Ritchie sc

, John; Century, p. 670, September, 1887. J. C. Buttre sc

, John ; Scrib., p. 339, September, 1888. Campaign medal.

Bennett, Jas. Gobdon, Sb.; Democratic Rev., vol. zzxi. p. 419, No-
vember and December, 1862. Daguerreotype. J. Ourdan sc
, Jas. Gobdon, Sb. ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, November, 1862.

Daguerreotype J. Ourdan sc
, Jas. Gobdon, Sb. ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, December, 1862.

Daguerreotype. J. Ourdan sc
, Jas. Gobdon, Sb.; Port. Monthly of the N. Y. Hlustrated News,

p. 148, April, 1864.
, Jas. Gobdon, Sb.; Century, p. 223, June, 1892. Caricature,

" The Mustang Team."

y Jas. Gobdon, Sb.; Cosmopolitan, p. 83, November, 1894.

Benton, Thos. Habt, Col,; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, October,

1837. Ch. Fenderich del., Bannerman sc
, Thos. Habt, Col.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, July, 1843.

Daguerreotype Engraved by Halpin.

, Thos. Habt, Col.; Ulust. Lond. News, p. 224, April 3, 1847.

, Thos. Habt, Col.; Bungay, O. W., Off-Hand Takings, N. Y.,

p. 345, 1854. J. 0. Buttre sc.
, Thos. Habt, Col.; Scrib., pp. 272, 275, July, 1874. Statue in

Lafayette Park, St. Louis.
, Thos. Habt., Col.; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 732, 1877,

Roberts sc
, Thos. Habt, Col.; Harper, p. 510, March, 1884. Statue in La-
fayette Park, St. Louis.
, Thos. Habt, Col.; Century, p. 859, April, 1887.

64 Index to American Portraits.

Benton, Thos. Habt, Col; Century, p. 767, March, 1891. Drawing by

C. Fenderich, lith. by Lehman & Duval.

, Thos. Habt, Col; Century, p. 224, June, 1892. Caricature,

" The Democratic Platform."
Be&nabd, John; Polyanthos, voL ii., frontispiece, 1806. S. Harris sc.
Bkbbikn, John Macphebson; American Rev., vol. y. p. 433, May, 1847.

T. Doney sc
, John Maophkbson; White, Hist. Collections of Georgia, N. Y.,

p. 372, 1855.
BiDDUB, James, Copt. U.8,N,; Port Folio, frontispiece, October, 1809.

D. Edwin sc.

, James, Oapt, UM.N.; Analectic Mag., November, 1815.

, James, Capi, UM.N.; Port Folio, frontispiece, November, 1815.

J. Wood p., Gimbrede sc.
, James, Capi. U.8,N,; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of Generals and other

Commanders in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 289, 1843.

Medal.
, James, Capt U.8.N.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. S.,

N. Y., vol. ii. p. 49, 1878. Fflrst. Medal. *
, James, Capt. U.8.N,; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 409, 1889. From Analectic Mag.
, Nicholas, Capt,; Port Folio, vol. ii. p. 285, October, 1809. D.

Edwin sc.
Bingham, Lavinia, Countess 8penoer; La Belle Assemblfie, frontis-
piece, August, 1811. Robt. Cooper sc.
, Lavinia, Countess 8penoer; Illust. Lond. News, p. 49, January

20, 1877. Reynolds p.
, Lavinia, Countess 8penoer; Illust. Lond. News, pp. 2, 4, of Sup.,

Febniary 27, 1892. Reynolds p.
Blaib, Francis P. ; Democratic Rev., vol. xvii., frontispiece, July, 1845.

Sully p., Sartain sc.
, Fbancis p.; Democratic Rev., vol. xvii., frontispiece, August,

1845. Sully p., Sartain sc.

, Francis P.; Scrib., p. 340, September, 1888. Campaign medal.

, Francis P.; Century, p. 219, June, 1892. Caricature, "Jackson

clearing his Kitchen."
Blakelt, Johnston, Capt.; Analectic Mag., frontispiece. May, 1816.

Gimbrede sc.
, Johnston, Capt.; Wyatt, Thos., Memoirs of Generals and other

Commanders in the American Army and Navy, Phila., p. 289, 1848.

Medal.

, Johnston, Capt.; Harper, p. 179, January, 1862.

, Johnston, Capt.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S.,

N. Y., vol. ii. plate 39, 1878. Fflrst. Medal.
Bokee, D. a.; American Rev., p. 89, Augxist, 1851. J. P. Ourdan sc
Bokeb, Geo. Henbt; International Mag., vol. iv. p. 156, September,

1851.
, Geo. Henbt; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. ii. p. 710, 1877.

Index to American Portraits. 56

BOKEB, Gbo. Hsinnr; Harper, p. 331, Februarj, 1882.

BONAPABTK, JosKPH; Woodward, C. M., Caricature Mag., v. p., 1808.
Caricatures.

, Joseph; La Belle ABsembl^e, frontispiece, June, 1811.

, Joseph; Campaign of Waterloo, illustrated with eng., p. 5 of

Biog. Notices, 1816.

, Joseph; Baines, Edward, Hist, of the Wars of the French Revo-
lution, vol. ii. p. 131, 1817. Medal of 1809.

, Joseph; Edwards, Edwd., Napoleon medals, plate 25, 1837.

Medals.

f Joseph; Trteor de numis., M6d. de I'Empire, plates 25, 27, 1849.

Medals.

, Joseph; Scrib., p. 763, October, 1877. Medallion in snuff-box.

, Joseph; Harper, p. 4, December, 1879.

, Joseph; Scrib., p. 36, November, 1880.

, Joseph; Oncken, Das Zeitalter der Revolution, Berlin, (Oncken,

Allg. Oes.), vol. ii. p. 213, 1884. Regnault p. (picture of marriage
of Jerome Bonaparte).

, Joseph; Century, p. 89, May, 1893. J. Qobaud p., Rodolphe

Piguet.

, Joseph; Century, p. 503, February, 1895. Picture in Hotel de

Ville, Ajaodo. F. E. Fillebrown sc.

, Joseph; Century, p. 210, November, 1895. Gerard p., E.

Pape del.

, Joseph; Century, pp. 20, 21, November, 1895. David p. (pic-
ture of coronation of Napoleon).

BoTTS, John ^Iinob; American Rev., frontispiece, December, 1847.
T. Doney sc

BouDiNOT, EuAS; Port Folio, vol. ix. p. 265, 1820. T. Sully del., J.
Boyd sc

, EiJAS; National Portrait Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. Waldo and

Jewett p., J. W. Paradise sc

, Elias; Century, p. 807, April, 1889. Waldo and Jewett p.,

Durand sc

BowDOiN, James, Chvemor; Massachusetts Mag., frontispiece, Janu-
ary, 1791. Silhouette. S. Hill sc

, James, Oovemor; Polyanthos, 1812.

, James, Chvemor; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 229, 1889. From eng. in Massachusetts Mag.

BowuN, James B.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece. May, 1846. Da-
guerreotype T. Doney.

Bbadfobd, Wm. (Atty.-Gen.) ; Port Folio, frontispiece, September, 1809.
Edwin sc.

Bbent, J. Fenwick; Democratic Rev., vol. zxii., frontispiece, January,
1848. T. Doney sc.

Bbiggs, Geo. N.; American Rev., frontispiece, November, 1849. Da-
guerreotype. A. H. Ritchie sc

66 Index to American PcrtraitB.

Bbigos, Geo. N. ; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. T., vol. ii. p. 443,
1854. J. W. Orr 8C.

Bbooks, Nathan Covinotowj Qodey's Lady's Book, frontispiece, Sep-
tember, 1835. Hills p., Horton sc

, Nathan Covinoton; Livingston, John, Portraits of Eminent

Americans, p. 465, 1854. Daguerreotype. J. C. Buttre sc

, Nathan Covinoton; Biog. Cyclopedia of Md., p. 689, 1879.

Daguerreotype. J. C. Buttre sc

Bbown, Al. G.; Democratic Bev., frontispiece, November, 1849. En-
graved by T. Doney.

, Jaoob, Qen,; Analectic Mag., vol. v. p. 292, April, 1815. J.

Jarvis p., P. Maverick sc.

f Jaoob, Gen,; Port Folio, frontispiece, February, 1816. J. Wood p.,

Gimbrede sc

1 Jacob, (?e»i.; National Portrait Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. J. W.

Jarvis p., A. B. Durand so. After copy by Herring.

, Jaoob, €^en,; Wyatt, Thos., Memoirs of Generals and other Com-
manders in the American Army and Navy, Phila., p. 129, 1848.
Medal.

, Jacob, Gen.; Harper, p. 749, November, 1863.

, Jacob, Gen.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., N. Y.,

vol. ii. plate 40, 1878. Ftirst. Medal.

Bbownson, Orestes Augustus; Democratic Bev., frontispiece, April,
1843. Daguerreotype. A. L. Dick sc.

Bbyant, Wm. Cullbn; Burton's Gentleman's Mag., frontispiece. May,
1840.

, Wm. Cullbn ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, March, 1842. H.

Inman del., G. Parker sc.

, Wm. Cullen; Harper, p. 581, April, 1851.

, Wm. Cullen; International Mag., vol. iv. p. 588, December,

1851. Daguerreotype.

, Wm. Cullen; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i.

p. 163, 1853. J. W. Orr sc.

, Wm. Cullen; Bungay, Geo. W., Oflf-Hand Takings, N. Y., p. 309,

1854. J. C. Buttre sc.

, Wm. Cullen; Illust. Lond. News, p. 245, March 6, 1858.

, Wm. Cullen; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. liii., frontispiece, 1859.

C. L. Elliott p., J. C. Buttre sc

, Wm. Cullen; LittelPs Living Age, frontispiece, May 14, 1859.

F. CroU sc

f Wm. Cullen; Port. Monthly of the N. Y. Illustrated News,

p. 120, February, 1864.

, Wm. Cullen; Harper, p. 246, July, 1876.

, Wm. Cullbn; Harper, p. 248, July, 1876. Bryant vase medal-
lions.

, Wm. Cullbn; Duyckincks's Cyclopaedia, vol. i. p. 901, 1877.

W. Roberts sc

, Wm. Cullen; Harper, p. 48, December, 1877.

Index to American PortraUs. 67

Bbtaitt, Wm. Cullkn; Scrib., yoL tH., frontispieoe, May, 1878.

Wyatt Eaton deL

, Wm. Gdllsn; niiut. Lond. Newi, p. 581, June 22, 1878.

, Wm. Cullbn; Century, p. 642, March, 1891. Daguerreotype.

T. Johneon sc

, Wm. Cullkn ; Harper, p. 630, September, 1894.

, Wm. Cullen; Harper, p. 631, September, 1894. Launt Thomp-

■on. BuBt.
, Wm. Cullkn; Century, frontispiece, July, 1895. Daguerreotype

of 1850. R. O. Tietze sc
Buchanan, Ja8. (Prest.); Democratic Ber. frontispiece, December,

1842. T. Eichholtz p., A. L. Dick sc

, Jab. (Prest) ; Illust. Lond. News, p. 555, Noyember 29, 1856.

, Jas. (Prest.); Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. 8., N. Y.,

vol. ii., plate 69, 1878. Paquet. Medal.
, Jas. (Prest); Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist of U. 8., N. Y.,

vol. ii., plate 70, 1878. Ellis and Willson. Medal.
, Jas. (Prest); F. EUis and 8. Evans, Hist of Lancaster Co.,

Pa., Phila., p. 229,. 1883.
^, Jas. (Prest); Harper, p. 250, January, 1884. Engraved by

Kruell from engraving by Buttrc
, Jas. (Prest) ; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nord Amerika, Berlin

(Oncken, Allg. Ges.), p. 639, 1886.

, Jab. (Prest) ; Century, p. 370, July, 1887. Photo.

, Jas. (Prest); Centiuy, pp. 220, 222, 224, 225, June, 1892.

Political Caricatures.

, Jas. (Prest) ; 8crib., p. 347, March, 1895. Photo.

BuEL, Alkx. W.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, December, 1850. T.

Doney sc
BUBKB, IbMUND, Hon, (b. 1809) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, Janu-
ary, 1847. Daguerreotype T. Doney sc
Butler, Benj. Franklin (1795-1858) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece,

January, 1839.
, Benj. Franklin (1795-1858); Democratic Rev., frontispiece,

March, 1844. Daguerreotype Lith., Davignon del.
, Wm. C, Oen,; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, October, 1848.

Daguerreotype A. H. Ritchie sc
Btles, Mather; Polyanthos, vol. iv., frontispiece, 1807. 8. Harris sc
, Mather^ Duyddncks's Cyclopsedia, vol. i. p. 127, 1877.

, Mather; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Boston,

vol. V. p. 128, 1889. From chalk drawing in American Antiq.

8ociety.

Calhoun, John Caij>well; Casket, frontispiece, March, 1827. C. B.

King p., J. B. Longacre sc.
, John Cauiwell; National Portrait Gallery, vol. ii., 1836, J. B.

Longacre del., T. B. Welch sc

68 Index to American Portraits.

Calhoun, John Caldwell; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, April, 1838.
C. Fenderich del.

, John Caldwell; Democratic Rev., vol. xii., frontispiece, Janu-
ary, 1843. Blanchard p., A. L. Dick sc.

, John Caldwell; Illust. Lond. News, p. 269, April 20, 1860.

, John Caldwell; Amer. Rev., vol. xii. p. 112, August 1860.

Daguerreotype. F. E. Jones sc

, John Caldwell; Jones, A. D., Illust Amer. Biog., N. Y., voL i.

p. 129, 1863. J. W. Orr sc.

, John Caldwell; Harper, p. 122, June, 1884. De Block p.

, John Caldwell; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nord Amerika, Berlin

(Oncken, Allg. Ges.), p. 496, 1886. After engraving by Nordheim.

, John Caldwell; Century, p. 381, July, 1887. D. C. Fabronius p.

, John Caldwell; Century, p. 219, June, 1892. Caricature, " Jadc-

son clearing his Kitchen."

, John Caldwell; Harper, p. 914, November, 1892. Death-mask.

, Jgbx Caldwell; Scrib., p. 200, February, 1896. King p.

Cambbeleng, Chxtbohill C. ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, September,
1842. Daguerreotype. A. L. Dick sc.

Caret, Henbt C; Amer. Rev., vol. xiii., frontispiece, 1861, Collier del.,
Burt sc

f Henbt C. ; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 491,

1864.

Cabboll, Chas. (of Carrollton) ; New York Mirror, p. 33, August 4,
1832. Mason sc

, Chas. (of Carrollton) ; National Port. Gallery, vol. L, 1836.

Harding p., A. B. Durand sc.

, Chas. (of Carrollton) ; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

vol. ii. p. 142, n. d.

1 Chas. (of Carrollton) ; Oncken, Das Zeitalter Friedrichs dee

GroBsen, Berlin (Oncken Allg. Ges.), vol. ii. p. 719, 1882. Trum-
bull p. (in painting of Declaration of Independence).

, Chas. (of Carrollton) ; Brotherhead, Wm., Centennial Book of

the Signers, Phila., n. d.

Cabt, Alice; Ladies' Repository, frontispiece, August, 1855. J. B.
Jones sc.

, Alice; Cosmopolitan, p. 164, June, 1893.

Cass, Lewis; National Portrait Gallery, vol. i., 1836. J. B. Long-
acre del., T. B. Welch sc

, Lewis; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, April, 1846. Daguerreo-
type. J. B. Forrest sc

, Lewis; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 224, October 7, 1848.

y Lewis ; Buchanan's Journal of Man, frontispiece, January, 1849.

, Lewis; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 181,

1853. J. W. Orr sc

, Lewis; Illust. Lond. News, p. 314, September 27, 1866.

, Lewis; Harper, p. 721, May, 1863.

, Lewis; Century, p. 694, March, 1887. Photo.

Index to American Portraits. 59

Cass, Lewis; Scrib., p. 337, September, 1888. Campaign medal.

, Lewis; Century, p. 220, June, 1892. Caricature, "Loco-foco

candidates travelling."

CHAifDLEB, Joseph R.; Amer. Bev., yoL xL p. 331, April, 1850. Da-
guerreotype. P. M. Whelpley sc.

Chapman, Nathaniel, MJD.; Muaeum, frontispiece, November, 1826.
Sully p., Neagle 0C

Chaunget, Isaao, UMM.; Analectic Mag., vol. iiL, frontispiece, March,
1814. J. Wood p., D. Edwin uc

, Isaac, UM.N.; Harper, p. 176, January, 1862.

, Isaao, UMJf,; Harper, p. 741, November, 1863.

, Isaac, UMJf.; Winaor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. viL p. 388, 1889. From engraving in Analectic Magazine.

Chew, Benjamin; Port Folio, frontispiece, February, 1811. Silhou-
ette.

Choatb, Rxnrns; Amer. Rev., vol. v. p. 63, January, 1847. T. Doney sc
From Anthony, Clark & Co.'s National Qallery of Daguerreotype
Likenesses.

, RuTUS; Jones, A. D., lUust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 173,

1853.

, Rurus; Hari>er, p. 876, November, 1878.

CnxET, Jonathan; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, September, 1838.

Clabk, Lswis Gatlobd; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. xli., frontispiece,
1853. C. L. Elliott p., J. Cheney sc

Clat, Henbt; National Portrait Gallery, vol. i., 1836. W. J. Hub-
ard p., J. B. Longacre sc

, Henbt; Illust. Lond. News, p. 321, November 23, 1844.

, Henbt; American Rev., vol. i., frontispiece, 1845. Daguerreo-
type T. Doney sc

, Henbt; Amer. Rev., vol. xiii. p. 383, May, 1851. Daguerreotype

Packard and Ourdan sc.

, Henbt; Illust. Lond. News, p. 36, July 17, 1852.

, Henbt; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 211,

1853. J. W. Orr sc

, Henbt; Harper, p. 945, May, 1884. Davignon del.

, Henbt; Century, p. 480, July, 1885.

, Henbt; Century, pp. 162, 165, 176, December, 1886.

, Henbt; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nord Amerika, Berlin (Oncken,

Allg. Ges.), p. 401, 1886.

, Henbt; Scrib., p. 336, September, 1888. Campaign medal.

, Henbt; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 343, 1889. Port, in Long Island Historical Society.

, Henbt; Harper, p. 914, November, 1892. Mask.

, Henbt; Scrib., p. 201, February, 1895. Daguerreotype Photo.

, Henbt; Century, p. 769, September, 1895. M. H. Jouett, T.

Johnson sc

CiJFiOBO, Nathan (Atty.-Gen.) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, Octo-
ber, 1847. Engraved by T. Don^.

60 Index to American Portraits.

CuiTOED, Nathan; Carson, Hampton L., Supreme Court of U. &.,
Phila., p. 395, 1891. Photo, by Lamson, Albert Rosenthal etched.

, Nathan (Atty.-(>en.) ; Scrib. p. 74, July, 1895.

CiJFFTON, Wm.; Analectio Magazine, p. 479, June, 1814. Fidd p.,
Edwin sc.

, Wm.; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 629, 1877.

Clinton, Db Witt; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. i. part 2, p. 189, 1815.
Trumbull p., Leney sc.

— =— , Db Witt; Museum, p. 1, July, 1826. Trumbull p., Leney sc

, Db Witt; Casket, frontispiece, September, 1827. Trumbull p.,

Leney sc

, Db Witt; Hosack, David, Mem. of Clinton, N. Y., frontispiece,

1829. W. J. Coffee, fecit, A. B. Durand sc.

, Db Witt; Museum, frontispiece, July, 1829. Trumbull p.,

Leney sc

, Db Witt, New York Mirror, p. 9, July 14, 1832. Inman p.,

Mason sc

, Db Witt; National Portrait Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. C. Ing-
ham p., A. B. Durand sc.

, Db Witt; Jenkins, John S., Lives of Governors of N. Y., Au-
burn, p. 209, 1851.

, Db Witt; O'Callaghan, J. B., Documentary Hist, of N. Y.,

Albany, vol. iv. p. 1025, 1852.

, Db Witt; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 147,

1853. J. W. Orr sc

, Db Witt; Valentine's Manual of the Corporation of N. Y. City,

p. 551, 1861. Engraved by J. Rogers.

, Db Witt; Harper, p. 836, May, 1872.

, Db Witt; Harper, p. 505, September, 1891. Trumbull, p.

, Gbo.; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. ii. part 1, p. 19, 1815. Ames

p., P. Maverick sc.

, Gbo.; Museum, frontispiece, September, 1826. Ames p., P.

Maverick sc.

, Gbo.; Jenkins, John S., Lives of Governors of N. Y., Auburn,

frontispiece, 1851. Lith. of F. Michelin.

, Geo. ; Harper, p. 688, April, 1872.

, Gbo.; Oncken, Das Zeitalter Friedrichs des G^ssen, Berlin

(Oncken, AUg. Ges.), vol. ii. p. 719, 1882. Trumbull p. (picture
of signing of Declaration of Independence), Sadd sc

, Gbo.; Harper, p. 916, November, 1883. With wife.

, Gbo.; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Society of the Cincin-
nati, N. Y., p. 177, 1886. Engraved by H. B. Hall & Sons.

, Geo. ; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol. vi.

p. 308, 1889. From Delaplaine's Repository.

, Gbo. ; Century, p. 820, April, 1889. Trumbull, p.

, Gbo.; Scrib., p. 61, January, 1895. Ezra Ames.

Clover, Lewis P.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, March, 1850.

Cobb, David, Hon.; Polyanthos, 1812.

Index to American Portraits. 61

Ck)BB, Howxu.; Democratic Bar., frontispieoe, September, 1840. En-
graved bj T. Doney.

, HowxLL; White, Hist. Collections of Georgia, N. Y., p. 252, 1855.

— = — y Howell; Century, p. 65, November, 1887.

, Joseph B.; Amer. Rev., vol. xiiL p. 97, Fd)mary, 1851.

CoLDEif, Cadwalladeb D.; Ncw York Mirror, p. 193, Dec 20, 1834.

Monumental medallion.
, Cadwalladeb D.; Valentine's Manual of the Corporation of New

York City, p. 624, 1863.

, Cabwalladeb D.; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 85, 1877.

, Cadwalladeb D.; Harper, p. 602, September^ 1891.

, Cadwalladeb D.; Cosmopolitan, p. 475, February, 1891.

CoLLAMEB, Jaoqb, Hon.; Amer. Rev., frontispiece, February, 1849.

Daguerreotype. A. H. Ritchie sc

, Jaoob, Hon.; Illust Lond. News, p. 85, July 27, 1850.

, Jaoob, Han,; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii.

p. 507, 1854.
CoLTDN, Calvih; Intematicmal Mag., vol. iv. p. 1, August 1, 1851.
Columbus, Chbistopheb; Colon, Fernando, La Hist, de D. F. Colen en

la qual se da relacion de la vida de el Almirante Don Christoval

Colon, n. p., n. d., frontispiece. Bart. Vasquez sc
, Chbistopheb; America pars quinta, Francof. ad Mcsnum, T de

Bry, p. 1, 1595.

, Chbistopheb; Montanus, America, Amster., p. 42, 1671.

, Chbistopheb; Frehems, Theatrum, vol. ii. p. 1428, 1688.

, Chbistopheb; Mufies, Juan Baut., Hist, del nuevo mundo,

Madrid, after p. zzx, 1793. Mariano Maella p., Fernando Selma sc
, Chbistopheb; Cladera, Christobal, Investigadones sobre los

descubrimientos de los Espafioles, Madrid, frontispiece, 1794. A.

Camicero del., Sim. Brieva sc
, Chbistopheb; Edwards, Bryan, Hist, of the British Colonies in

the West Indies, L., vol. ii., frontispiece, 1794. Old Spanish picture

of Columbus and his sons, in possession of E. Home. Wilson sc.
, Chbistopheb; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. i. part 1, p. 1, 1815.

Maella p., Maveridc sc
, Chbistopheb; Museum, frontispiece, January, 1827. Maella p.,

Maverick sc.

, Chbistopheb; Howard Alf., Biog. Dlust, L., plate 28, 1830.

, Chbistopheb; Costa, Lorenzo, Cristoforo Colombo, Geneva, fron-
tispiece, 1846. Damele e Merello, inv.
, Chbistopheb; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y. vol. i. p. 1,

1853. J. W. Orr sc.
, Chbistopheb; Harper, p. 358, August, 1871. Memorial tablet

in cathedral in Havana.

, Chbistopheb; Harper, p. 1, December, 1876. Venetian mosaic

, Chbistopheb; Harper, p. 8, December, 1876. Bust.

, Chbistopheb; Ruge, Qeschichte des Zeitalter d. Entdeckungen,

Berlin (Oncken, Allg. Ges.), p. 234, 1881. Original in Ministry of

Marine, Madrid.

62 Index to American Portraits.

GoLXTMBUS, Ohristopheb; Ruge, Geschicte des Zietalter d. Entdeck-
ungen, Berlin (Oncken, Allg. Ges.)> p. 235, 1881. Original in
National Library, Madrid.

, Chbistopheb; Harper, p. 729, October, 1882.

, Chbistopheb; SchloBser, Fr. Chr., Weltgeachichte, Berlin, vol. ix.

p. 176, 1885. Old Italian engraving.

, Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 71, 1889. Giovio.

y Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 72, 1889. The Yanez Columbus.

, Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 73, 1889. Capriolo.

, Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 74, 1889. From the Jefferson copy of the Florence
picture.

, Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 75, 1889. De Bry port.

, Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 76, 1889. Jomard port.

, Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 77, 1889. Havana medallion.

, Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 78, 1889. Port, in the Ministry of Marine.

, Chbistopheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. ii. p. 79, 1889. From Montanus.

, Chbistopheb; Illust Lond. News, p. 441, April 4, 1891. Sebas-
tian del Piombo p.

, Chbistopheb; Book News, p. 171, December, 1891. Jovius.

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, frontispiece, January, 1892. Ver-
sailles port.

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 259, January, 1892. Cogoleto

port

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 260, January, 1892. Rinoon and

Capriolo ports.

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 261, January, 1892. Ministry

of Marine port

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 262, January, 1892. Giovio port.

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 263, January, 1892. Crispin de

Pas port, and Navarrete port.

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 264, January, 1892. Canciliero

and Havana port.

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 265, January, 1892. Yanez port.

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 266, January, 1892. Altissimo

and Belvedere ports.

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 267, January, 1892. Di Orchi

port

, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 409, February, 1892. Zearing

tablet

Index to American Portraits. 68

CkxLUicBUS, CHRiflTOPHEB; Cosmopolitan, p. 410, February, 1892.

Oladera port.
, Chbistopheb; Ck>0mopolitan, p, 411, February, 1892. Ellsworth

port.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 412, February, 1892. Rinck and

Thevet ports.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 413, February, 1892. Gunther

port.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 414, February, 1892. Parmi-

giano port.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 415, February, 1892. Berwidc

Alba port.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 416, February, 1892. Montanus

port.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 417, February, 1892. De Bry

port.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 418, February, 1892. Herrera

and Mufioz ports.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 419, February, 1892. Tonnard

port.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, p. 420, February, 1892. Venetian

mosaic.
, Chbistopheb; Cosmopolitan, frontispiece, April, 1892. Monu-
ment in Genoa.

, Chbistopheb; Century, p. 124, May, 1892. Statue by Sofiol.

, Chbistopheb; Century, p. 2, May, 1892. Port, in Marine Mu-
seum. T. Johnson sc.
, Chbistopheb; Century, p. 802, October, 1892. "Lotto port."

T. Johnson sc
, Chbistopheb; niust. Lond. News, Supp., pp. i, iv, t, October 8,

1892.
, Chbistopheb; Lten, Nestor Ponce de, Columbus Gallery, N. Y.,

1893.
CooKE, Phujp Pendleton; International Mag., vol. It. p. 300, October

1, 1851.
, Phujp Pendleton; Duyckincks's Cyclopsedia, vol. ii. p. 571,

1877. Roberts sc
Coombs, Leslie, of Kentucky; American Rev., frontispiece, November,

1851. J. Ourdan sc
CoopEB, James Fenimobb; National Portrait Gallery, vol. i., 1836.

J. W. Jarris p., E. Scriven sc
, James Fenimobe; Democratic Rev., vol. xv., frontispiece, July,

1844. H. Chilton (daguerreotype miniature), J. B. Forrest sc.
, James Fenimobe; Bentley, vol. zxi. p. 533, 1847. A. Kautz del.,

T. Cook sc
, James Fenimobe; Litemational Mag., vol. iv. p. 289, October 1,

1851. Daguerreotype.
, James Fenimobe; Illust. Lond. News, p. 408, October 4, 1851.

64 Index to American Portraits.

GooPBB, James Fenhcobb; Jones, A. D., Illuat. Amer. Biog., N. T.,

vol. i. p. 205, 1853. J. W. Orr sc.

, James Fenhcobb; Harper, p. 21, December, 1871.

, Jambs Fenimobb; Duyddncks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 807, 1877.

W. Roberta sc

, James Fenimobb; Book News, p. 39, October, 1889.

, T. A. (actor) ; Polyanthos, vol. i. p. 73, January, 1806. S.

Harris sc.
GoBWiN, Thos.; Amer. Rev., vol. vi. p. 310, September, 1847. T.

Doney sc.
, Thos.; Amer. Rev., vol. xlvi., frontispiece, July, 1862. A. H.

Ritchie sc
, Thos.; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 355,

1854. J. W. Orr sc.

, Thos. ; Cosmopolitan, p. 443, February, 1890.

CozzENS, Feed. 6.; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. xlix., frontispiece, 1857.

C. L. Elliott p., J. C. Buttre sc
Cbawfobd, Geo. W. ; Amer. Rev., frontispiece, July, 1849. Daguerreo-
type. A. H. Ritchie sc

, Geo. W.; White, Hist. Collections of Georgia, N. Y., p. 245, 1855.

CusHHTO, Caleb; Democratic Rev., vol. xviL p. 403, December, 1845.

Daguerreotype. J. Doney sc
, Caleb; Livingston, John, Portraits of Eminent Americans, N. Y.,

p. 47, 1854. Engraved by F. Halpin.

, Caleb; Harper, p. 169, July, 1875.

, Caleb; Century, p. 533, August, 1887.

, Caleb; Scrib., p. 449, April, 1895.

Dale, Rd., Commodore; Port Folio, Jime, 1814. Wood p., Edwin sc.

, Rd., Commodore; National Portrait Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. J.

Wood p., R. W. Dodson sc. From drawing by Longacrc

, Rd., Commodore; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii

p. 231, 1854. J. W. Orr sc

, Rd., Commodore; Harper, p. 162, January, 1862.

, Rd., Commodore; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. vii. p. 369, 1889. From National Portrait Gallery.

Dallas, Alex. James; Analectic Mag., October, 1817. Stuart p.,
Leney sc.

, Geo. Miffliw; Democratic Rev., Frontispiece, February, 1842.

P. H. Reason sc

, Geo. Mifflin; Illust Lond. News, p. 348, April 5, 1856.

, Geo. Mifflin ; Scrib., p. 336, September, 1888. Campaign

medal.

, Geo. Mdtlin; Century, p. 162, June, 1891. Sully p., T. John-
son sc.

Daniel, John M.; Democratic Rev., May, 1852. Daguerreotype J.
Ourdan sc

Index to American Portraits. 65

Daboan, Edwd. 6., Justice; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, July, 1851.

Daslet, Mrs. John; Polyanthos, vol. iii. p. 145, October, 1806.
Doyle p., Edwin ic

Davszao, Auouste; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, February, 1845.
J. B. Forrest sc.

Davis, John, Hon.; American Rev., frontispiece, February, 1850.
Daguerreotyped by Brady. Mezzotinted by Whelpley; etched by
8. V. Hunt.

, John, Han,; American Rev., frontispiece, August, 1850. Da-
guerreotype. Mezzotinted by Whelpley.

, John, Hon,; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p.

383, 1854. J. W. Orr sc.

Datton, Wm. L.; American Rev., frontispiece, Jime, 1849. Daguerre-
otype. A. H. Ritchie sc

, Wm. L.; Jones, A. D., Dlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 503,

1854. J. W. Orr sc.

, Wm. L.; Century, p. 107, May, 1887.

Deane, Silas; European Mag., July, 1783.

Deoatub, Stephen, Commodore; Analectic Mag., frontispiece. May,
1813. G. Stuart p., D. Edwin sc.

, Stephen, Commodore; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of Generals and other

Commanders in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 214, 1848.
Medal.

, Stephen, Commodore; Jones, A. D., IHust. Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

vol. i. p. 185, 1853. J. W. Orr sc.

, Stephen, Commodore; Harper, p. 180, January, 1862.

, Stephen, Commodore; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. S.,

N. Y., vol. ii., plate 28, 1878. Medal.

Dempster, Wm. R.; ELnickerbocker Mag., vol. xxviii. p. 95. August,
1846.

Dennie, Joseph; Port Folio, May, 1816. Silhouette. Goodman & Pig-
got sc

Dickinson, Danl. S.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, August, 1846.
Daguerreotype. T. Doney sc

DiMMiCK, EL H. (of Col.); American Rev., vol. xiii. p. 193, March,
1851. C. Burt sc

Disney, David T.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, March, 1850. Da-
guerreotype H. S. Sadd sc

Dix, John Adams, Oen,; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, November,
1846. Daguerreotype T. Doney sc.

, John Adams, Oen,; Moore, Frank, Heroes and Martyrs, N. Y.,

p. 139,1861. Photo. Eng.

, John Adams, Oen,; Moore, Frank, Rebellion Record, N. Y., vol. i.

p. 59, 1861.

, John Adams, (Ten.; Port. Monthly of the N. Y. Illust. News,

p. 49, October, 1863.

, John Adams, Oen,; Duyckincks's Cydopawiia, vol. ii. p. 842, 1877.

VOL. XXV. — 5

66 Index to American Portraits.

DoBB, Thos. Wilson; Democratic Bev., frontispiece, August, 1842.

Daguerreotype. A. L. Dick sc
DoBSKT, Jouif Syitg; Analeotie Mag., frontispiece, April, 1819.

Sully p., C. Qoodman and R. Piggot sc.
Downs, Solomon W.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, June, 1849. T.

Doney sc.
Duff, John (actor) ; Polyanthos, 1812.
DuNOAN, James, Col.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, March, 1852.

J. Ourdan sc .
DwiOHT, Timothy, Rev,; Analectio Mag., frontispiece, April, 1817.

Wood del., Leney sc
, Timothy, Bev.; National Portrait GaUery, vol. i., 1836. J.

Trumbull p., J. B. Forrest sc
, Timothy, Rev.; Jones, A. D., lUust Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. it

p. 467, 1854.
, Timothy, Rev.; Duyckincks's Cydopsdia, vol. i. p. 371, 1877.

Roberts sc

Eaton, Wm., Gen.; Polyanthos, vol. v. p. 73, May, 1807. Doyle p.,

Snyder sc
Elliot, Jkssb Dxtnoan, Cwpt.; Port Folio, frontispiece, December, 1814.

Edwin sc
Ellsworth, Oliveb; Analectic Mag., p. 382, May, 1814. Trumbull p.,

Edwin sc.

^, Oliveb; Port Folio, vol. xx. p. 185, 1825. Trumbull p., Edwin sc

, Oliveb; National Portrait Oallery, vol. iv., 1836. J. Herring p.,

£. Mackenzie sc
, Oliveb; Century, p. 171, December, 1882. R. Earle p. With his

wife
, Oliveb; Century, p. 441, July, 1887. J. Trumbull p., T. John-
son sc
, Oliveb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 261, 1889. From National Portrait Gallery.
, Oliveb; Century, p. 807, April, 1889. Trumbull p. From minia-
ture.
, Oliveb; Carson, Hampton L., Supreme Court of U. S., Phila.,

p. 185, 1891. Sharpless p.. Max Rosenthal etched.
Emebson, Wm., Rev.; Polyanthos, 1812.
Evans, Geo., Hon.; Amer. Rev., July, 1847. T. Doney sc
EvEBETT, Alex. H.; Democratic Rev., May, 1842.
EvEBETT, Edwd. ; National Portrait Gallery, vol. iv., 1836. Durand p.,

G. Parker sc
, Edwd. ; Amer. Rev., frontispiece, November, 1850. R. M. Staigg,

J. Cheney.
, Edwd.; Bungay, Geo. W., Off-Hand Takings, N. Y., 1854. J.

Cheney sc
, Edwd; Jones, A. D., Illust Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 447,

1854. J. W. Orr sc

Index to American Portraits. 67

EvEBiTT, Edwd.; Ererett, life of Washington, N. Y., frontispieoe, 1860.
A. H. Ritchie bc. Bust.

, Edwd.; Harper, p. 194, January, 1876.

, Edwd.; 8crib., p. 360, July, 1876.

, Edwd.; Duyddncks'B Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 883, 1877. W. Rob-
erts sc

, Edwd.; Century, p. 671, September, 1887.

, Edwd.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 495, 1889. Photo, of 1861.

, Edwd.; Scrib., p. 289, September, 1893. Statue in Boston Public

Garden.

EwiNO, Jab. S., MJD.; Port Folio, vol. xvii. p. 433, 1824. G. Fairman
del., C. G. Childs sc

, John, DJ>.; Port Folio, p. 353, 1827.

, Thob. (Secy. Home Dept.) ; American Rev., vol, xi., frontispiece,

January, 1850. Daguerreotype. A. H. Ritchie sc

, Thos.; Democratic Rev., p. 191, August, 1852. Caricature.

Faibfikld, Johk, Hon.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, March, 1846.

Daguerreotype T. Doney sc
Fenkell, Jas.; Polyanthos, vol. iv. p. 217, March, 1807. Doyle p.,

Snyder sc.
Field, Ctbus West; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. lii. p. 331, October,

1858. John A. (XNeiU.

, Cyrus West; Harper, p. 826, November, 1871.

, Cyrus West; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. S., N. Y., voL

ii., plate 77, 1878. Buff and Barber. Medal.

, Cyrus West; Harper, p. 841, November, 1886.

, Cyrus West; Book News, p. 311, March, 1893. From port, in

D. M. Field's " Story of Atlantic Telegraph.''
FnxMORE, Millard; American Rev., vol. viii. p. 331, October, 1848.

Daguerreotype. A. H. Ritchie sc.

, Millard; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 29, January 13, 1849.

, MnxARD; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 471,

1864. J. W. Orr sc
, MnxARD; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. S., N. Y., vol. ii.

plate 66, 1878. Ellis and Willson. Medal.

, MnXARD; Century p. 105, May, 1887.

, MiLi«ARD (Prest.) ; Scrib., p. 339, September, 1888. Campaign

medal.
, Millard; Century, pp. 222, 224, June, 1892. Caricatures,

"The right man in the right place" and "The great presidential

sweepstakes."

, Millard; Scrib., p. 343, March, 1895. Carpenter p., 1858.

Fish, Hamilton; American Rev., vol. viii. p. 546, December, 1848.

DaguerTeotyx>e. A. H. Ritchie sc
, Hamilton; Jenkins, John S., Lives of Governors of N. Y.,

Auburn, p. 817, 1851. F. Michelin lith.

68 Index to American Portraits.

Fish, Hamilton; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Cincinnati, N. Y.,
p. 127^ 1886. H. B. Hall & Sons sc

, Hamilton; Scrib., p. 289, March, 1895.

Flobenob, Thos. B.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, February, 1861.
lUman & Sons sc.

FooTB, H. S., Hon,; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, August, 1861.
Daguerreotype. Illman k Sons sc.

FoBSTTH, John (Secy, of State) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, June,
1838. Ch. Fenderich del.

Fbankun, Bsnj.; Westminster Mag., frontispiece, July, 1774. Walker
sc

, Benj.; Universal Mag., p. 113, September, 1777. From "port

drawn from the life at Paris."

1 Benj.; European Mag., frontispiece, March, 1786. From paint-
ing of 1782.

, Benj.; Columbian Mag., p. 146, March, 1788. From Lavater's

Physiognomy.

^, Benj.; Massachusetts Mag., frontispiece, May, 1790. From print

in London edition of Franklin's " Philosophic Papers."

f Benj. ; A portrait in color, engraved by F. Janinet, is advertised

in the Gkizetie Nationale, on Le Moniteur Universel, June 13,
1790, p. 1.

, Benj.; Literary and Biog. Mag. and British Rev., frontispiece,

January, 1791.

, Benj.; Lady's Mag., February, 1793.

, Benj.; American Universal Mag., vol. i. p. 291, March 6, 1797.

W. Harrison, Jr., sc.

, Benj.; Literary Mag. and Amer. Register, frontispiece, Novem-
ber, 1804. Drawn by T. Hollo way from bust modelled at Paris.
Allardice sc

, Benj.; L'H^misphdre, vol. i. p. 409, 1810.

, Benj.; Polyanthos, 1814.

, Benj.; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. ii. part 1, p. 41, 1816. Mar-
tin p., Longacre sc

, Benj.; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, June, 1818. Martin p., G.

Goodman and R. Piggot sc.

, Benj.; Franklin, Mem. by Himself, Phila., frontispiece, 1818.

f Benj.; Franklin, Wm. Temple, Mem. of B. Franklin, L., frontis-
piece, 1818. Duplessis p., Chas. Pye sc

, Benj.; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, June, 1818. Martin p., G.

Goodman and R. Piggott sc.

f Benj.; Port Folio, frontispiece, October, 1819. Martin p., Long-
acre sc.

, Benj.; Dyer, Ghas. €^., Biographical Sketches, L., 1819. M.

Ghamberlin p. Engraved by J. Romney from drawing by G. M.
Brighty.

f Benj.; Franklin, Autobiography, N. Y., frontispiece, 1826.

Martin p., W. H. Smith sc

Index to American Portraits. 69

FBA2najN, BsNJ. ; Howard, All., Biog., niust, L., plate 44, 1830.

> Ben J.; National Portrait Gkdlery, vol. ii., frontispiece, 1836.

R. W. Dodson sc From painting by Longacre after a miniature.
, Bknj.; National Portrait (Jallery, vol. ii., t. p., 1836. Houdon.

Longacre del., £. Wellmore sc Bust.
, Ben J.; National Portrait Gallery, vol. ii., p. after "Contents,"

1836. Martin p., T. B. Welch sc
f Benj.; Trdsor de Numis, 1819 (M^ Francaises, part 3, plate 53,

1849). Dupr& MedaL

, Benj.; Harper, p. 145, January, 1862.

, Benj.; Harper, p. 289, February, 1852.

, Benj.; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 43, 1863.

J. W. Orr sc.
, Benj.; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 414, October 26, 1856. Greenougb.

Statue.

1 Benj.; Armo^, Wm. C, Governors of Penna., Phila., p. 261, 1872.

, Benj.; Owen, Hugh, Two Centuries of Ceramic Art in Bristol,

Gloucester, p. 92, 1873. From a porcelain plaque.

, Benj.; Guizot, Hist, de France, P., vol. v. p. 341, 1873.

, Benj.; Duyddncks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 117, 1877.

, Benj.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. S., N. Y., vol. iL,

plates 16, 16, 1878. Aug. Dupr6. Medals.

, Benj.; Stevens, Henry, Benj. Franklin's Life and Writings, L.,

t. p., 1881.
, Benj.; Stevens, Henry, Benj. Franklin's Life and Writings, L.,

p. 2, 1881. Port, owned by T. W. Sumner. Engraved by G. F.

Storm.
y Benj.; Stevens, Henry, Benj. Franklin's Life and Writings, L.,

p. 8, 1881. D. Martin p., T. B. Welch sc.
y Benj.; Stevens, Henry, Benj. Franklin's Life and Writings, L.,

p. 14, 1881. Duplessis p., J. Andrews sc.
, Benj.; Stevens, Henry, Benj. Franklin's Life and Writings, L.,

p. 16, 1881. Houdon. T. B. Welch sc. Bust.

, Benj.; Harper, p, 837, May, 1883.

, Benj.; Schlosser, Fr. Chr., Weltgeschichte, Berlin, vol. xiv. p.

432, 1886. Duplessis p.
, Benj.; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nord Amerika, Berlin (Oncken,

Allg. Ges.), p. 163, 1886. Schoffer p., Girardet sc.

, Benj.; Century, p. 174, June, 1886.

, Benj.; Century, p. 12, November, 1887.

>'Benj.; Century, p. 741, March, 1888, Duplessis p., Chevillet sc

, Benj.; Book News, p. 118, December, 1888. From "Children's

Stories of the Great Scientists."
, Benj.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 37, 1889. From " Impartial Hist, of the War."
, Benj.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 38, 1889. From *' Andrews's Hist, of the War."

70 Index to American Portraits.

Vbankllr, Benj.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston*

YoL vii. p. 39, 1889. S. Ehner. Rider sc.
, Bknj.; Century, pp. 198, 202, 208, December, 1890. AUegorical

pictures.
, Bknj.; Century, p. 201, December, 1890. 0. W. Peale p., H.

Velpen sc

, Ben J.; Blades, Wm., Pentateuch of Printing, L., p. 79, 1891.

, Bknj.; Century, p. 542, August, 1892. Carl R. Smith. Statue.

, Benj.; Harper, page 910, November, 1892. Mask.

, Ben J.; Oncken, Das Zeitalter Friedrichs des Grossen, Berlin

Oncken, AUg. Ges.), vol. ii. p. 719, 1892. Trumbull p. (picture of

Declaration of Independence), Sadd sc.

, Ben J.; Oncken, Das Zeitalter Friedrichs des Grossen, Berlin

(Oncken, Allg. Ges.), p. 733, 1892. Wilson p.
, Benj.; Cosmopolitan, p. 606, March, 1892. Statue on Electrical

Building, Columbian Exposition.
, Benj.; Scrib., p. 617, May, 1894. J. M. Renaud. Terra ootta

medallion.

, Benj.; Cosmopolitan, p. 601, October, 1895. Thouron p.

, Benj.; Harper, p. 285, July, 1895. Miniature owned by Mrs.

Gillespie.
Fulton, Robt.; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. i. part 2, p. 201, 1815.

B. West p., W. S. Leney sc.

, Robt.; Analectic Mag., p. 394, May, 1815. B. West p., Leney sc

, Robt.; Museum, frontispiece, April, 1826. B. West p., W. S.

Leney sc

, Robt.; Casket, frontispiece. May, 1827. B. West p.

, Robt.; New York Mirror, p. 17, July 21, 1832. Inman p.,

Mason sc
, Robt.; National Portrait Gallery, voL iii., 1836. B. West p.,

G. Parker sc
, Robt.; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 121,

1853. J. W. Orr sc
, Robt. ; F. Ellis and S. Evans, Hist, of Lancaster Co., Pa., Phila.,

p. 861, 1883.
, Robt. ; Book News, p. 245, January, 1892. From port, in '* Robt.

Fulton: His Life and its Results."

(To be continued.)

IrumgvTotitm of President Thomas Jefferson^ 1801. 71

INAUGUEATION OP PRESIDENT THOMAS JEF-
FERSON, 1801.1

OONTRIBTJTED BY MBS. BEBEOOA LLOYD 8HIPPEN.

" The long agony is over," as Governor Morris exclaimed
on the decision of an important and warmly debated ques-
tion. " The long agony is over," might Congress with more
emphasis have said when the awful crisis was passed which
terminated the conflict between two great political parties,
and eventuated in the election of a Democratic President
But let us pass over retrospections which can only serve to
awaken feelings which should be laid in an eternal sleep.

On the fourth of March 1801, Mr. Jefferson took the Oath
of Office. The vanquished party having no inclination by
their presence to add to the solemnities of the scene and the
crowd of strangers who had thronged the City during the
previous period of anxious suspense satisfied with the result,
departed, without waiting to witness the mere ceremony of
the Inauguration of the President At this period the pop-
ulation of the infiint metropolis did not exceed that of a
small village ; it had been taken possession of as the seat of
government the preceding winter ; the impending change
of parties prevented the individuals who were attached to
Mr. Adams' administration fipom locating themselves in a
permanent manner. Like a flock of birds of passage they
only, as it were, alighted on the ground and with their
leader, the ex-President, took flight early on the fourth of
March.

Owing to these peculiar circumstances the City on that
day lost half of its migratory population, and it» wide sur-
fiice had a desert and solitary appearance. There were no

*^ This account of the inauguration of President Jefferson first ap-
peared in ''The Lady's Magazine."

72 IrumguraUon of President Thomas Jefferson^ 1801.

streets, no mass of houses ; one wing of the Capitol only
was erected, not finished ; a temporary room fitted up for
the accommodation of the House of Representatives. The
Senate Chamber was finished, and it was there in the pres-
ence of the Senators, and Judges of the Supreme Court that
the Oath of Office was administered to Mr. Jefferson.

During the preceding winter, he being Vice President,
had boarded at Canaird's, the largest and most respectable
lod^ng house in the City ; it was on the south side of Cap-
itol Hill; about thirty republican members of Congress
likewise boarded there, among whom he lived on terms of
perfect equality and firiendship ; or if there was any ine-
quality, his unassuming spirit yielded to them a precedence,
at which their stem democracy eagerly caught; as is evinced
by a trivial, but characteristic circumstance.

The dinner table was necessarily very long, to accommo-
date a company of more than thirty persons ; the end nearest
the fire was appropriated to the ladies who were of the
femily ; Mr. Jefferson was among the latest who entered
the room, on the first day of their assembling; the com-
pany had taken their seats without waiting for him, and on
his entrance the only vacant place was at tiie bottom of the
table, the most remote from the fire, and close to the door

that opened in the hall. Mrs. , the wife of one of the

Senators, stimulated by personal regard, as well as by a
sense of what was due, not only to a station, but still more
to age, urged the gentlemen near her to offer him a seat at
the end of the table ; they laughed, and answered " he must
not be allowed to forget that he is one of the people and
that all were equal." " There is however a distinction which

nature makes," urged Mrs. , " and gray hairs should

be respected in what ever Condition they are found." But
democracy prevailed over any kinder feeling and those
very men who would have resigned their lives and fortunes
to have elevated him to the Presidency would not com-
promise their principle of political equality, by yielding him
a seat above their own. Mrs. indignant at what she

Inauffwralicm of President Thomas Jefferson^ 1801. 78

called a savage rudeness, rose and offered him her seat which
of course he declined.

I said some among these stem republicans would have
risked their lives to secure his succession to the Presidency ;
and this recalls to mind an incident which proves the asser-
tion.

At the time of the election by the House the result d^
pended on a single vote. Mr. Nicholson one of the Repr^
sentatives from Maryland,* had been for some weeks con-
fined to his bed, and was so ill, that his life was considered
in danger ; ill as he was he insisted on being carried to the
Hall of Representatives, in order to give his vote. The
physicians absolutely forbid such a proceeding ; he insisted
and they appealed to his wife, telling her such a removal
and the consequent excitement might prove fatal to his life,
" Be it so then," she said, " if my husband must die, let it
be at the post of duty ; no weakness of mine shall oppose
his noble resolution." How little did these physicians expect
when they appealed to the influence of one of the fondest
of wives this more than Spartan courage, and in an Ameri-
can to find a Roman Matron. Of course they withdrew
their opposition, the patient was carried in a litter to the
Capitol, where a bed was prepared for him, in an Anti-
room adjoining the Senate Chamber, followed by his heroic
wife, where during the four or five days and nights of bal-
loting she remained by his side, supporting by various
restoratives but more by her presence the strength of the
feeble and almost expiring invjJid, who with difficulty traced
the name of Jefferson each time the ballot-box was handed
to him. Such was the Spirit of that day — ^the Spirit of that
party.

What a contrast did Capitol Hill and the circumjacent
scenery afford, on the fourth of March 1829 !

The ardent, the violent, the imbettered, the exulting feel-

^ Our contributor, Mrs. Eebecca Lloyd Shippen, is a granddaughter
of Hon. Joseph H. Nicholson and his wife, Rebecca Lloyd, of *'Wye
House." — ^Ed. Penna. Mao.

74 Inaugwration of President Thomas Jefferson^ 1801.

ing which had been excited during the contest had subsided,
the conflicting elements were stilled ; the eager crowds that
had surrounded the Capitol during the election, the tread
of the many feet, and the hum of the many voices that had
echoed through its vaulted passages had ceased.

No triumphant multitude with loud acclamations, no van-
quished opponents with murmured deprecations were present
on that morning (1801) — , the unfinished and solitary febric
amidst the huge stones and other materials for its construc-
tion, scattered over the ground among towering and vener-
able Oaks, that still shaded their native soil, looked more
like a ruin amidst its fallen fragments, and its coeval shades,
than a new, and rising edifice. The silence and solitude of
the surrounding grounds were calculated to enforce this
idea; for the hundred or two individuals collected on the
occasion were not sufficient to dissipate solitude, and silence
through such an extent of space. Beyond Capitol Hill as
fitr as the eye could reach, the Ciiy as it was called, lay in a
state of nature, covered with forest trees, fields of grain,
and verdant plains, with here and there a house. Pennsyl-
vania Avenue, was a new, but as yet unfi-equented road,
connecting the Capitol to the President's House, which at
two miles distance stood in its loneliness in the midst of a
plain.

The Sun shone bright on that morning, (March 4*** 1801),
the Senate was convened, those members of the republi-
can party that remained at the Seat of Government; the
Judges of the Supreme Court, some citizens and gentry
fi-om the neighboring County, and about a dozen ladies
made up the Assembly in the Senate Chamber, who were
collected to witness the ceremony of the President's inaugu-
ration. Mr. Jefferson had not yet arrived; he was seen
walking fi*om his lodgings which were not fitr distant, at-
tended by five or six gentlemen who were his fellow
lodgers.

Soon afterwards he entered, accompanied by a Committee
of the Senate and bowing to the Senate, who arose to re-

IruxugwraUon of President Tharruia JeffersoHy 1801. 76

ceive bim, he approached a table on which the Bible lay,
and took the Oath, which was administered to him by the
Chief Justice.

He was then conducted by the President of the Senate,
to his chair, which stood on a platform raised some steps
above the floor; after the pause of a moment or two he
arose, and delivered that beautiful inaugural address, which
has since become so popular and celebrated ; — ^with a clear,
distinct voice, in a firm and modest manner. On leaving
the chair he was surrounded by friends who pressed forward
with cordial and eager congratulations and some, though
not many, of the more magnanimous of his opponents,
most of whom however silently left the Chamber.

The new President, walked home with two or three of
the gentlemen who lodged in the same house. At dinner
he took his accustomed place, at the bottom of the table, his
new station not eliciting from his democratic friends any
new attention, or courtesy. A gentleman from Baltimore,
as an invited guest, who accidentally sat next to him, asked
permission to wish him joy, "I would advise you," an-
swered Jefferson, smiling, " to follow my example on nup-
tial occasions, when I always tell the bridegroom, I will wait
till the end of the year before offering my congratulations."
And this was the only and solitary instance of any notice
taken of the event of the morning. His election to the
second term of service was so unanimous, so unopposed,
that it seemed less like a new election, than a matter of
course, a looked for continuity in oflBlce— it excited none of
the interest and attention new elections create, and passed
so quietly as scarcely to be noticed, being marked by little
ceremony or display. In the language of that day, he came
into office on the fall tide of popularity; a tide that never
ebbed, during the whole term of office, but which with a
swollen flood, and increased force carried him triumphantly
back to the peaceftil and happy haven of domestic life. Nor
even then did it ebb ; his popularity did not arise from his
possession of power or patronage, but flowing from his

76 BumgwcLtion of President Thomas Jefferson^ 1801.

talents, his virtues, his patriotism, of which added proo&
were given with every added year, it increased in power,
as he increased in length of days.

Those days are finished, his mortal remains are moulder-
ing back into their parent dust, but his talents, his virtues,
his patriotism, still live embodied in his works embalmed
in history.

The spirit which governed the Councils over which he
presided, still governs public opinion, and with augment-
ing influence wiU continue to govern Republican America,
so long as the maxims of his wisdom shall flow through the
channels of a firee press, into the minds of free men ; and
the fuR tide of popularity which brought him into power,
with an increasing impetus, shall carry his memory into ages
yet unborn.

S . . . .

Washington City.

Ayy. A^.-/C»,«. tj;5-j^<^ Ifi',-^

f^f^' <?t, ^.

FACSIMILE OF THE ORIGINAL IN THE BUCHANAN PAPERS, HISTORICAL SOCJETV

OF PENNSYLVANIA.

.-^Ux

i^:;*^

€!!^e^«c-£.gf£^

- -^ *^-^».*^„— 3^ ,

y^s*.,

"p^Tt^-^^iS^h^

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>4-

An Interesting Historical Letter, 77

AN rNTBRESTmG HISTORICAL LETTER.

The ori^nal of the letter which we ^ve in fiic-simile is
in the "Buchanan Papers'* of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania. This valuable collection, largely composed
of the correspondence of the Hon. James Buchanan, of
Pennsylvania, was presented by his nieces, the daughters
of the late Rev. Edward Y. Buchanan, D.D. The letter is
in the handwriting of Jefferson Davis, and in the collection
of autographs which endorse his recommendation will be
recognized many of those who were conspicuous as his
councillors in the days of the Southern Confederacy.

Washzmoton D. C.
Dec. 16. 1867

HoK. Jno. B. Floyd
Sec, of War.

Sib, it gives me pleasure to present to your favorable consideration the
name of John Rogers Meigs, for the appointment of cadet " at large."

He is the son of Capt. M. 0. Meigs of the Army and therefore belongs
to that class not eligible for an appointment from a Ck>ngre8sional Dis-
trict. The young gentleman possesses high mental and physical quali-
fications for the military service, exhibits a fondness for scientific pursuits
and gives promise of a career worthy of his illustrious Grand Father
Commodore Rogers, and his distinguished and usefiil Father Capt
Meigs.

I am sure his appointment would give much satisfaction to the large
number of the firiends and admirers of Capt. Meigs, & to none more
than to your Mend & obt sevt.

Jeffeb. Davis.

I cordially concur with Col Davis in the above recommendation.

S. A. Douglas.
I also concur very cordially in the above.

R. M. T. HUITTEB.

I also cordially concur in the above.

Wm. M. Gwnsr.

78 An Interesting Ststarical Letter.

The undenigned cheerfully concur in the foregoing recommendation.

Alfbed Iyebson,
J. A. Batabd,
A. G. Bboww,
Wm. Bioleb,

Z. CHAKDLEBy

Cha« E. H. Stewabt,
J. M. Mason,
John Slidell,
J. P. Benjamin.

John Sogers Meigs, a son of Montgomery C. Meigs, of
Pennsylvania, Quartermaster-General U. S. A., was ap-
pointed by President Buchanan a cadet^at-large to the Mili-
tary Academy at West Point, September 7, 1859, from
which he graduated June 11, 1863, number one in his class.
He was appointed first lieutenant of Engineers, and for
gallant and meritorious conduct at the battle of Fisher's
Creek, in Vlr^nia, was promoted brevet m%jor, September
22, 1864. He was killed by guerillas, near Harrisonburg,
Vir^nia, October 3, 1864, when in the twenty-second year
of his age. His remains were buried at Oak Hill Cemetery,
near Washington D. C, President Lincoln, Secretary of War
Stanton, Secretary of State Seward, General Halleck, and
other prominent oflBlcials being present.

Secretary of War Stanton made the following official
announcement of his death :

WAflaanfOTOir, Oct 7. 1864.
A despatch from . . . reports an officer of Qeneral Sheridan's staff
jost arriyed. General Sheridan was still at Harrisonburg. His supply
trains were going on all right, occasionally interrupted by guerilla par-
ties, the only force on the road. This officer brought in the remains of
Lieutenant John Bogera Meigs, of the Engineer Corps, and son of
Brev't Migor Qeneral Meigs, Quartermaster Qeneral, who was killed by
bushwhackers on Monday last, while making a military survey. In the
death of this gallant officer the Department has occasion to deplore no
ordinary loss. Last year he graduated at the Military Academy, West
Pointy with the highest honors, at the head of his class, was commis-
sioned as a lieutenant of engineers, and immediately sent into the field.
He performed meritorious and dangerous services during the last year on

An Interesting Historical Letter. 79

the fortificationB at Baltimore, at Harper's Ferry, and at Oomberland,
and was made chief engineer in the Army of the Shenandoah. In the
campaigns he accompanied the army nnder Sigel, Hunter and Sheridan.
In eyery position he gave proof of great professional skill, personal
courage, and devoted patriotism. One of the youngest and brightest
ornaments of the military profession, he has finllen an early victim to
murderous rebel war&re. . . .

Edwin M. Stantok.

Secretary of War,

Gteneral P. H. Sheridan, in his " Personal Memoirs/' writes
of Lieutenant Meigs, —

At Harper's Ferry sent for Lieut. J. B. Meigs, the Chief E^ngineer
officer of the command, to study with him the map of my geographical
division. . . . Meigs was £uniliar with every important road and stream,
and with all points worthy of note west of the Blue Bidge. He was
killed by guerillas October 8, 1864. The fact that the murder had been
committed inside our lines was evidence that the perpetrators of the
crime having their houses in the vicinity, had been clandestinely residing
there, and secretly harbored by some of the neighboring residents.

Determining to teach a lesson to these abettors of the foul deed — a
lesson they would never forget — ^I ordered all the houses within an area
of five miles to be burned.

80 The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates.

THE PBITNS AND THE TAXATION OF THBIE ESTATES
BY THE PEOYINCIAL ASSEMBLY.

(Contmued from Vol. XXIV. page 494.)

I have now gone through all the restrictions,
wherein the proprietaries have restrained their
Lieutenant-Governors from consenting to any
tax upon their own particular property; and
will in the next place state and submit to your
consideration the residue of the restrictions con-
tained in their twenty-first instruction, and which
relate to every person's estate in the province,
viz. —
Land-tax for In casc you pass land-title Bills they shall be
made to continue for one single year only and
no longer.

one year only.

Agreeable to They shall be made as agreeable as possible

the Engllah "^ or

act to the general tenor of the Acts for raising the

land tax in England.

Especially by laying the tax upon the par-
ticular houses or lands in the respective districts
by which the rate of it may at any time be seen.
On the annual The tax ou the real estate shall be laid on the
^* true annual rent or yearly value and not upon
the value of the fee simple of the estate.
Not to exceed The land-tax shall not be more than after the
in ttie pound, rate of One, two, three or at the utmost four
shillings in the pound for any one year upon
the annual rent or yearly value.
Tenant! to pay Every such Bill shall contain clauses for the
tenants of real estates paying such tax, and
deducting the same out of the yearly rent
payable to the landlord, provided the yearly
rent amounts to twenty shillings and upwards.

and deduct it.

The Penns and the Taxation of their Mtates. 81

And Bhall contain clauses of distress upon ^^*^ ^^^

tres not of

any matters distrainable, being upon the taxed
premises.

But no clause or power to distrain or sell the
house or land itself or any part thereof for sat-
is&ction of the taxes.

Now the charter provides that all laws to be
passed in Pennsylvania shall be consonant to
reason and not contrary or repugnant, but as
near as may be agreeable to the laws, statutes
and rights of the mother country England.

The proprietaries conceive that every one of
these last mentioned restrictions or prohibitions to
their Lieutenant-Governor are strictly agreeable
to the laws and statutes of this kingdom.

Acts of Parliament passed here and extend-
ing to the plantations, do of themselves bind the
Lieutenant-Governor and all others there, not^
withstanding which the Crown by its instructions
to the proprietaries given upon the approbation
of every new lieutenant-governor of Pennsyl-
vania and other proprietary governments in-
structs and orders the proprietors to give
directions to and to charge their lieutenant-
governors to inform themselves of and strictly
to pursue those Acts of Parliament

So the charter of the province ^ves power to
the proprietors and assembly to pass any laws
there but under the forementioned proviso, not
to be contrary or repugnant but as near as may
agreeable to the laws and statutes of this king-
dom. And if they should attempt to pass laws
beyond the power given by the charter, such
laws might not only be nullities, but besides
that it might possibly be an offence.

To guard agidnst anything of that sort the
proprietors out of abundant caution have used

VOL. XXV. — 6

82 The Perms and the Taxation of thdr Estates.

their own discretion here and have restrained
their Lieutenant-Governor not to pass laws
without observing the before mentioned re-
strictions, and every one of which restrictions
as they conceive are not only just and reasonable
in themselves, but also tend to bring the Land-
Tax Acts in Pennsylvania (if they will pass
such) as near as may be to the like Acts passed
here in the mother country.

These restrictions it is apprehended are
reasonable, just and expedient, as tending to an
equal land-tax, and they are lawful as imitating
the provisions made by the Parliament in Eng-
land in the same case. To make the land-tax
annual is a restriction which contributes to pre-
vent the burthen from lasting longer than the
necessity. To lay it on the annual profits is more
easy and equally as expedient for the public
service as laying it upon the value of the in-
heritance, and the rule of assessment is more
easy to be settled on the annual profit than
upon the whole value of the land. To limit it
at four shillings in the pound as a general
rule seems not unreasonable and it is conform-
able to the practice in England. To lay it upon
the tenant who may deduct it out of his rent is
best for the public and the landlord too. And
where the payment is refused, to levy it by
distress upon the land, secures the revenue to
the public, whilst the other methods em-
powering those who levy the tax to sell the
lands, opens a door to partiality and arbitrary
abuse and much injury to the landlord.

The remaining restrictions are not many.
On umoii not g^ much of the land-tax Acts in Pennsyl-

groM Yftloa of

pmonai et- vania as relate to personal estates must lay the
same upon the annual interest or profit and not
upon the capital gross sum.

The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates. 88

That is the constant custom and the practice
and positive law here, for when the tax here is
four shillings in the pound a man who is taxed
for £100 personal estate, is not enacted to pay
£20, which is the fifth part of the capital of
£100. but twenty shillings only, which is the
fifth part of £5. which is a year's interest of that
capital £100. And so the land-tax Acts here
do precisely express. And if so, this is only
another instance of the like sort with the last
mentioned restrictions for keeping up to the
laws and usages of the mother country.

The Bill must contain specially in iteelf the To conum

^ ^ the whole

whole method of assessing, collecting and pay- method of
ing in of the tax, and not by reference to any
other Bill or Act.

This seems an orderly and reasonable re-
striction in itself, and is observed in land-tax
acts in England also, but there is still a great
deal more than that to be said to justify this re-
striction, for, the land-tax acts which they have
passed in Pennsylvania (to tax other persons'
estates, excepting thereout the proprietary
estates) very shortly enact that there shall be
levied upon all the estates real and personal in
the province (other than the proprietaries'
estates) the sum of six pence for every pound
clear value of the estates yearly for the space
of four years. This is so ambiguous that it is
difficult to fix any certain construction what is
meant by these words.

But then they go on and enact fiirther that
the sums so to be raised shall be assessed and
levied as in and by an Act passed in the eleventh
year of the late King Gteorge the First, en-
titied " An Act for raising of County Bates and
Levies," and that everything therein contained

84 The Penna and the Taxation of their Estates.

shall be put in practice for assessing and levying
the tax hereby imposed as if the same were in-
serted in this Act, except in such cases as are
hereinafter ascertained, provided for or altered.
This dark sort of explanation leaves the matter
just where it found it, and the Governor ac-
quainted them in his speech or message of the
eleventh of February 1767, that some of the
assessors construe this to be two shillings in the
pound according to the gross value of the capital
or fee simple and others to be two shillings in
the pound only upon the annual value, which
must make great inequality and confusion in the
province when some assessors compute the tax
upon the annual value and others upon the
gross value, by which means two men of like
estates, one of them may be taxed for one
hundred pounds as the annual value, the other
for twenty-five hundred pounds as the value of
the fee-simple. However with a great deal of
diflBlculty it may be proved that the Assembly
meant upon the gross value, for by a Report of
their Committee made on February 16th. 1767
in answer to the said message from the Gov-
ernor, they say that as to the uncertainty of the
Act which he complained of, the mode directed
by that Act is the same that has ever been used
in that province, and is what the commissioners
and assessors are accustomed to and well under-
stood. Be it so, but we still remain at a loss to
know and to fix what that mode is ; whether to
compute upon the annual or upon the capital
value. But as they tell us that the mode is now
the same it ever was we must go further yet to
find it out Now long before that time, viz. on
the 12th of June 1709 (when they had like
county levy acts in being) the Assembly in an

The Perms and the Taxation of their Eetatei. 86

address or reply to the governor tell him ex-
pressly thus ; " The taxes in Great Britain are
upon the profits or incomes not as here, upon
the whole estate itsel£^' So that at length we
can fix that the Assembly meant the tax to be
computed upon the capital and not upon the
annual value of estates.

Besides this doubt, what the quantity of the
tax is to be, many other obscurities and insuper-
able difficulties arise from their not enacting a
clear, direct and certain mode in the present
acts for assessing, levying and paying the tax,
but referring back to a string of other acts to
obscure and perplex the matter, that it may not
be able to be shown what methods they are to
proceed in*

We see that we have already two long Acts to
look through, viz. The Act of 1766 and the
Act of 1726.^ But these are not all the Acts
referred to, for when you come to that Act of
1725, it recites that by the help and direction of
another Act passed in the 4th of E3ng George
the First the method of assessing county rates ^
and levies is brought to a competent certainly
and regulation. So that now there are three
Acts to be referred to. Besides these that Act
of 1726 recites that still another Act of the 8th
of King Q^orge the First, anno 1721, and that
Act is said in their statute-book to be supplied
and therefore has its titie only printed and not
the Act itself. Here are four Acts therefore to
be referred to (if they can be found out and
understood) nor is this all yet, for the Act of
1726 has a supplementary Act added to it and
passed in 1782, so that in order to clear up in
what mode the tax is to be raised, assessed,
> See Chapter CCLXXXIV., Vol. IV. p. 10.

86 The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates.

levied and paid, no less than five Acts (some of
which are repealed and others out of print) are
to be got at and looked into, and when found
are far from being clearly intelligible ; so that if
any case can necessarily require order and clear-
ness this does; and there seems to have been
even a necessity to oblige them to put their bills
into some clear method, and to insert specially
in their land-tax Bills (as the mother country
does) from time to time the whole method of
assessing, collecting and paying in the tax, and
not to refer backwards and forwards to so many
different Acts of Assembly.
Eflectofti Every such Bill in order to be founded in

cIaqscs to 8^

certain the equal justicc shall have in it the same effectual
^^^^^ clause to ascertain the true and real rent or

yearly value of every estate in land or houses in
the province.

This is so in land-tax Acts here and surely is
consonant to justice.
Substantial And shall have a good number of the most
ereandaauf- considerable inhabitants out of every township
flcient num- ingertcd in the Bill as commissioners.

ber.

Their counties in Pennsylvania are very large
and one person only out of each county cannot
possibly have any personal knowledge of the
several persons' estates in that wide extended
county: and the English Acts of Parliament
name a very large number of commissioners in
each county who subdivide themselves again
into several districts to carry the same into
execution.
T6 be sworn. The commissioners shall be sworn or affirmed
to do justice before they act and shall have
power to cite and compel tenants and witnesses
to appear and be sworn or affirmed in order to
discover what rents are really and truly paid in

The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates. 87

cases where land or houses are let out at rack-
rent

There is but one other restriction contained in Method of m-

... /» . . -I certalning

the proprietaries twenty first instruction, and vftiue of

that is their order to their Lieutenant-Governor ^^ by^^e

to the following effect and substance, viz. Not ownen.

to pass any land-tax Bills, unless a method shall

be enacted in it for ascertaining the true value

of real estates which are possessed by the owners

and have no certain annual rent in order to

bring it to a certain annual value ; as to which

real estates (and as to personal estates also to be

included in the same Acts) the proprietors have

directed that the same shall in those cases be

reduced to an annual value or income after the

following manner. Compute the value of the fee

simple of the real estate, as if to be sold, and

also ascertain the capital of the personal estate :

then, suppose either real or personal estate

amounts in value to £1000. compute one year's

interest at three per cent only for such £1000,

which shall be the supposed income, and you

that have land or houses (not let out at a certain

rent but occupied by the owner) and worth

£1000 to be sold, or you that have personal

estates worth £1000 shall be taxed in proportion

as having an estate of £30 per annum.

To this the Assembly have objected. They committee's

, . ^ . "^ Report 16th

say interest of money there is five or six per February
cent and by a random computation which they
make without any just foundation, they first
take for granted that all the lands are in this
condition (without having any certain annual
rent upon any of them) then they suppose how
much the quantity of all those lands amounts to,
and thirdly they draw a calculation that by put-
ting such a low annual value upon all those

1767.

88 The Perms and the Taxation of their States.

lands, and npon all which as they snppoee the
whole personal estates in the province may
amount to, a tax of four shillings in the pound
thereon will not produce above j£30.000 per
annum, which sum they say may not be suffi-
cient in case of great emergencies for them to
raise for the public service in a year.

To this it is answered that such a yearly sum
(supposing their calculations were entirely right
and just) is much more than they can afford to
raise and pay in a year considering how much
they are already run in debt, and that their ex-
cise duty is mortgaged for ten years and their
land-tax is mortgaged for four years to come
and considering that the war may unhappily
continue for several years yet to come.

K this were not large enough, yet surely it is
a tax large enough for the land to bear and all
other sort of taxes are open to them to add
thereto, as for instance excises of all kinds.
The excise which is the only other tax to which
the province is liable is a trifling duty of four
pence their currency (not two pence half penny
sterling) per gallon upon such retailers only of
spirits and wine as buy or sell less than seventy
gallons at a time. That trifle produces more
than j£3000 per annum and is hitherto most un-
justly and unequally laid only upon the lower
part of the people who buy small quantities,
from hand to mouth, and the better sort of the
people (who consume most and who buy in
larger quantities) don't contribute a penny to it
That excise might therefore and in justice ought
to be extended further and to take in every
person and would produce greatly more than
it does. Low aa that excise is it has for a
great many years passed been the single and

The Poms and the Taxation of their Estates. 89

only tax ever laid upon the people in Pennsyl-
vania.

But besides all this the proprietaries by re-
ducing the annual values, upon a computation
of three per cent, only on the capital value
really intended to ease and lighten the load in
favor of land owners, who are the strength and
stay of the province and thought they should
oblige them by it and are in no sort desirous to
continue any such restriction but if they like to
have a higher computation made as at four or
five or even six per cent in order to bring to a
higher yearly value or computation the estates
of such persons as possess or improve their own
estates (for such only it concerns) the proprietar
ries are most ready and willing to direct their
governor accordingly, for this matter does not
affect the proprietaries who have no land in that
situation.

By the heads of complaint so as aforesaid de-
livered to the proprietaries it is intended to
aggravate the instructions and restrictions which
are complained of; by showing what conse-
quences have arisen firom the proprietaries lay-
ing the lieutenant-governor under such restric-
tions ; for they say by means of these restraints
" sundry sums of money granted by the Assembly
for the defence of the province have been by
their deputy to the great injury of his Majesty's
service in time of war and danger of the loss of
the colony,^' and again, that by these means
" the Assembly in time of war are reduced to
the necessity of either losing the country to the
enemy or giving up the liberties of the people
and receiving law from the proprietary and if
they should do the latter in the present case it
will not prevent the former, the instructions

90 The Perms and the Taxation of their JSstates.

being Buch as if complied with it is impossible
to raise a sum sufficient to defend the country/*

K the Assembly could be content to stick to
truth and candor matters might most clearly be
brought to points so as to receive a determina-
tion, but the greatest difficulty of all is to clear
up matters from their fidlacies, &lsehood and
misrepresentation.

To take these supposed consequences into con-
sideration step by step, we say that notwith-
standing all these instructions, his Majesty^s ser-
vice has not been at all prevented. But this
infant colony has actually raised and given more
money to the King^s use than its proportion,
when compared with any other colony, viz.

£55.000 by the land-tax Act of 27th Noyember
1755.
80.000 by the Excise Act of 9th Sept 1756.
100.000 by the Land-tax Act of 28d March 1757.

185.000
10.000 in flour &c to G^eral Braddock and for

cutting his roads.
10.000 in provisions to G^eral Shirley for the
New England and New York forces.
100.000 by the Land-tax Act of October 1758.
100.000 by the Land-tax Act of October 1759,
now opposed ; of which the public has
received the benefit

Total £405.000

And all these Acts have passed and all this
money has been raised in Pennsylvania which
cannot well afford it notwithstanding that other
colonies on the eastern part of America, viz.
New England, New York and New Jersey have
£115.000 sterling and other colonies on the
western part of America, viz. Bouth and North

1756.

The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates. 91

Carolina and Virginia have had £60.000 Sterling ^'^J^^
given to them by the Parliament here, of which of nss and
Pennsylvania had no share, bnt £200.000 has
since been given to the colonies in general of
which Pennsylvania has a share allotted to it
which amounts to £26.000 Sterling.

But the Assembly can claim no sort of merit
in these large pecuniary grants of theirs, they
having been all given by them under absolute
necessity and to save and cover their practices,
and to avoid raising a regular militia in that
populous province which had been of greatly
more benefit and service than raising even much
larger sums than they have done and in order
to force the governor to give up to them the
executive powers of government

They have been called upon to raise and pass
laws for a militia and to give money. The mili-
tia they never will enforce in any reasonable or
constitutional way whatever, declaring in their
very Acts of Assembly that they are religiously
principled against warlike measures. K you will
not do that — at least give money. That they
had almost as little inclination to do as the other,
but yet they must do something or else they
would certainly pull down upon them the just
resentment of the King and the mother country
which was to be avoided. To avoid that say
they, we will offer Bills to raise great sums but
in an unreasonable and an unjust way and will
tax the proprietaries (who never before were
taxed) four shillings in the pound on the utmost
value that our assessors shall calculate or com-
pute the proprietaries' estate to, and we will call
that our grant of money to the Eing. K the
governor does not pass these Acts we save our
credit and our money too and will clamour that

92 The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates.

we have offered to give, but the governor will
not pafis our Bills. If the governor should pass
those Bills then we call it our grant But we
make our proprietaries pay a most unreasonable
and unconscionable share of it. Those Bills
therefore being refused they at last offer other
Bills to tax themselves only and not the proprie-
taries (and this to very near as large [an] amount
afi would have been granted to the King's use by
their first mentioned Bills if they had been as-
sented to) but even by this method they were to
gain and did gain another &vorite point if the
governor should pass those last mentioned Bills —
For we will turn all the grants into paper money
as they have actually done, for whereas they only
had £80.000 paper currency two years ago, now
they have got je466.000 paper money there : viz.

The original £80.000 reemitted and continued.

65.000 more coined by the Land-tax

Act of Nov. 27, 1756.
80.000 more coined on the Excise

Act of Sept 9, 1766.
45.000 more coined by the £100.000
Land-tax Act of March 28,
1757.
and the remaining 65.000 of that Act is since coined

into paper corrency.
100.000 in 1768, and
100.000 more in 1759 by the Act now
opposed.

£465.000

All which is now circulating in Pennsylvania
if the Assembly have not sunk and destroyed
part of them according to the provisions of the
several Acts which you will perceive by the
observations on the reSmitting Act they have
not always done. But if they have complied

The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates. 98

with thoBO Acts yet still there must be £828.000
in paper money circulating there now.

It remains under this head to be proved (as tiw crown bas

^ ^ not inifered

well afi said) that the refusal of passing their byoierofasai
money Bills has not occasioned the loss of sun- ^^^'^
dry sums for the Elng^s use aa is pretended by
the heads of complaint, which proof is made as
follows :

These instructions were given in May 1766 and
the governor arrived there in August 1756.

The only money Bills offered to him and by
him refused to be passed were two :

September 9th, 1766 they offered him a BiD
for striking j£60,000 in bills of credit and giving
the same to the Sing's use and char^g the
same on the Excise to be paid off in twenty
years. But there was a clause reserving any
surplus money to the application of the Assem-
bly only and the paper money not be redeem-
able till twenty years which being without inter-
est too it must have depreciated ; so he returned
and refused to pass that Bill on the 16th of
September. Whereupon the 17th of Septem-
ber they sent him another Bill for striking only
j£80.000 in bills of credit and giving it to the
Song's use charging it upon the excise and
the Bills to be paid in ten years, which the gov-
ernor passed on the 21st of December 1766.
Here indeed is the only instance of any money
at all — ^being not raised for the King's service
by means of their instructions. For as the
governor would not let them raise £60.000 just
as they would, so they have given the King only
£80.000 in lieu of it But please to observe that
the Ejng or public lost no more than £6000
currency by this transaction, for if the governor
had passed their £60.000 Bill, there was only

94 The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates.

£85.000 of it given to the Elng as a new grant,
the remaining £25.000 being given to pay off
old debts formerly contracted and formerly pro^
vided for by the Assembly,
jtn. 22 1767. "pijq Assembly sent him another Bill for grant-

ing £100.000 to the King's use to be raised in
one year by a land-tax of four shillings in the
pound on the proprietaries' and all other per-
sons' estates there, with such clauses as have
been before mentioned. He on the 25th of Jan-
uary returned it to them with his dissent They
on the 28th of January again sent it to him
along with a remonstrance demanding as their
right his assent thereto without any alteration
or amendment, as he would answer to the
Crown for all the consequences of his reftisal ;
and he again refused to pass it After this in
February 1757 they sent him up a new Bill by
way of supplement to a former Act passed in
1755, by which new BiD they proposed to raise
£100.000 by a land-tax of one shilUng in the
pound for four years (excepting the proprietaries'
estates from that tax) and although there were
many injurious clauses therein and that Bill or-
dered £45.000 part of the said tax to be issued
in paper money (and eighty-five thousand pounds
new paper money had already been coined) and
although this new Bill was so uncertain in rais-
ing the tax that the officers in some counties
under the former Act (to which this new Act
wholly referred) construed it was to be raised on
the annual value and others in other counties
construed it to be laid on the whole capital value
and that the governor represented all those mat-
ters to the Assembly yet at length their obstinate
persistance was so great and the exigent circum-
stances BO strong that he passed that second Bill

Tht Penns and the Taxation of their JSstates. 96

mischievious and nncertain as it was and the
public service has that whole £100.000 and by
these Bills of 1756 and 1767 two several land-
taxes are continued there for four years concur-
rent which was never yet known or heard of in
the mother country.

The next matter of aggravation mentioned in
the complaint is that by flie proprietaries laying
their governor under such restrictions the As-
sembly must either loose the country to the
enemy or give up the liberties of the people and
receive law from the proprietary.

This certainly is not a consequence. Pass any
other laws (and you may do so to raise taxes of
many other kinds exclusive of paper money and
land-tax) and these restrictions don't affect the
case.

Either the Governor or else the Assembly i>*«sretk)n of
(one of the two) must judge of the discretion of and not uie
all laws to be offered. The charter does indeed -^*«"Wy-
require the assent of the freemen to the making
of every law ; but it has in express terms reserved
the discretion of all laws in the first place to
the proprietor and his deputy and finally to the
Crown. For in the words of the charter the Xing
reposing special trust and confidence in the
fidelity, wisdom, justice and provident circum-
spection of Mr. Penn grants free, full and abso-
lute power to him and his heirs and to his and
their deputies or lieutenants for the good and
happy government of the country to ordain,
make and enact and under his and their seals
to publish any laws whatsoever for the raising of
money, &c. Ac. according to their best discre-
tions with the advice and assent of the freemen.
And again a second time lest as it is declared in
the charter Mr. Penn or the inhabitants should

96 The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates.

by misconstruction of the powers aforesaid,
through inadvertancy or design depart from
their fidth or allegiance by color of any extent
or largeness of powers thereby given or pre-
tended to be given or by force of any laws to
be made in the said province by virtue of any
such powers, the charter commands a duplicate
of all laws to be transmitted to the Privy Coun-
cil within the time therein mentioned for the
Crown's approbation or disallowance.

So that although it is the duty of the Assem-
bly to grant or raise the money for defence of
the province, yet it is apprehended they beg the
most material question in the affair when they
contend that they will prescribe the forms and
modes of raising it and will also themselves issue
and pay it whetiier by methods equal or unequal,
just or unjust, obscure or clear, reasonable or
unreasonable. And it is thought the discretion
of all Pennsylvania laws is by the charter in the
proprietaries and that it is no invasion of the
Assembly's or the people's rights for the proprie-
taries to use their discretion and to lay down
restrictions : K you will have paper money — ^if
you will ndse money by land-taxes it shall be
under such and such restrictions, always pro-
vided the restrictions are just and reasonable in
themselves, so that the proprietaries use a sound
discretion and not an unjust or unreasonable
one.

The other aggravation mentioned in the com-
plaint is to this effect that the proprietaries'
instructions and restrictions are so very unrea-
sonable that if the Assembly was to yield and
comply with all of them it would not be pos-
sible to raise a sum sufficient for the defence of
the country.

7%€ Penns and the Taxation of their Estates. 97

If this wafi true it might have great weight
but it is not so and it is taken for granted upon
an arbitrary and ill founded calculation made
entirely by guess and fimcy in order to square
with the assertion itself But it is indeed a most
apparent fallacy and falsehood. To say that a
land-tax Act alone would not under these re-
strictions be sufficient, may or may not be true ;
but suppose it ever so true are not all other sort
of taxes open to them and unrestrained ? May
not, ought not the excise in justice to the country
be extended to all wine and spirits, that the rich
man who consumes the most of these liquors
and who buys at the cheapest hand and can best
afford an excise should pay for his liquor as
much in proportion as a poor man who con-
sumes but little, buys at the worst hand and can
ill afford to pay at all, would not that add to the
land-tax Act and raise sufficient? May not
duties and taxes be laid now in time of need on
all luxuries ? May not poll-taxes be laid ? And
many other sorts of taxes to make up any diffi-
cency in the land-tax, if that be really dificient
No, say the Assembly, we will use none of those
methods, we will raise no money at all by any
ways or means whatever but by a land-tax only
and that to be raised after our manner and then
we will pretend that we cannot consistently with
the proprietaries restrictions raise money suffi-
cient for the defence of the country and this they
state as a consequence of the proprietary's re-
strictions as to passing money Bills for raising
moneys by a land-tax. Whereas it is a conse-
quence only of their own obstanacy in reftising
to use any of the other methods.

Upon the whole we apprehend that the in-
structions given to the lieutenant-governors re-
voi*. XXV. — 7

98 The Perms and the Taxation of their Estates.

specting the private property of the proprietaries
are reasonable, just and legal, and that the pro-
prietaries have a right to enforce such instruc-
tions by bond.

We also apprehend that the particular instruc-
tions given with regard to what concerns the
public are also in themselves reasonable, just and
legal; tending to preserve the due distinction
between the executive and legislative powers,
tending to preserve the prerogative of the Crown
in general and the just rights of the proprie-
taries, derived to them from the Crown, from
the encroachments of the Assembly from both
and tending to preserve and not in the least to
encroach on the just rights of the people.

The only objection seems to be, not to the
particular instructions given but to instructions
in general, because instructions are permanent,
by which the governor is bound, which prevents
the freedom of debate and renders him under
the disability of conviction, making it impossi-
ble for him, though ever so convinced by treaty,
debate or conference, to vary or soften anything
without danger of forfeiting of his bond.

The governors immediately under the direc-
tion of the Crown have always instructions, and
a law is rejected by the Privy Council at once if
passed contrary to his instructions, one of which
generally is that he shall pass no law of a new
and extraordinary nature without a suspending
clause.

An Act was passed at the island of Montser-
rat against papists have a vote in the election of
members for the Assembly ; two thirds of the
inhabitants there being papists.

This Act was opposed and in 175-, and came
on before the Privy Council. There were many

The Perms and the Taxation of their JEstaies. 99

subBtaxktial objections to the Act itself and
among others that it had no suspending clause.
Upon this occasion a case was quoted where an
Act of a new and extraordinary nature had been
sent over without a suspending clause and though
the Act itself was approved in every particular
but that. It was rejected for want of the sus-
pending clause, but it was intimated that if the
very same Act was sent over again with a sus-
pending clause it should be confirmed.

In the case of the Montserrat Act the present
Lord President declared he would reject the
Act for want of the suspending clause only and
he declared his opinion publicly to the intent (as
he said) that the colonies might be given to un-
derstand that he would reject any law of a new
and extraordinary nature though ever so right in
itself for want of a suspending clause.

This is not mentioned to draw any parralel
between the right of the Crown and the proprie-
taries with regard to giving instructions. But
it is apprehended that the proprietaries (who
themselves receive instructions from the Crown
upon the appointment of every new lieutenant-
governor directing them to give him instructions
with regard to the Acts of Trade and other par-
ticulars are well warranted in imitation of the
Crown to give instructions to their Governor in
regard to public afl&drs, so long as such instruc-
tions are founded in sound discretion, are just
and legal, preserving the just rights and prerog-
atives of the Crown and the liberties of the
people.

(To be contmued.)

100 Extracts from Orderly-Book of Maj. Robert Clayton, 1778.

BXTRA.CTS FEOM THE OEDBELY-BOOK OF MAJOE
EOBEET CLAYTON, OF THE SEVENTEENTH EEGI-
MENT BEITISH FOOT, 1778.

[Robert Clayton, bom in 1746, was a son of John Clayton and his wife
Elizabeth, daughter of Bey. Dr. Goodwin, rector of Tankerley, County
York, England. He entered the army as ensign of the Seventeenth
Foot (Leicestershire regiment), December 9, 1767, which in 1771 was
transferred to Ireland. In July of 1771 he was promoted lieutenant,
and in September of 1775 embarked with his regiment for Boston, and
after that city was evacuated, sailed for Halifax. He was promoted
captain May 1, 1775, participated in all the principal battles which took
place in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and was taken prisoner
at the capture of Stony Point. After being exchanged he was transferred
to the army of Earl Comwallis, in the South, was in the battle of Guil-
ford Court-House, and again made a prisoner on the surrender of York-
town. From 1784 to 1785 he was stationed in Nova Scotia and New-
foundland, and was promoted major July 27, 1785. In the summer
of 1786 he returned to England, and from 1789 to his death in 1889
was major, on half-pay, of the Eighty-second Foot. He was married
in 1786 to Christophora, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Baldwin, prebend of
Carlisle and rector of Aldingham, but left no issue. On the decease of
his brother, in April of 1828, he succeeded to the baronetcy as Sir Robert
Clayton of Adlington Hall, County Lancaster. The Orderly-Book from
which these extracts are taken was captured at Stony Point and pre-
sented by Major William Wayne (a great-grandson of General Anthony
Wayne) to Mr. John W. Jordan, and by him to the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania. — Ed. Penna. Mag.]

Head Quabtebs, New York, Augst 16, 1778.

The Commander in Chief haa been pleased to make the
following promotions :

The Hon"' Capt. Charles Cochran of y* King's Own Reg*
is appointed Major to Col. Lord Cathcart's Legion.

Head Quabtebs New Yobk,

October 21, 1778.
Orders.

Lt. Col. Jno. Bayard of the Binges Orange Bangers having
been tried by the Gteneral Court Martial, of which Major

JEztractsfrom Orderly-Book of Maj. Robert Glaytan, 1778. 101

Qen. Vaughan was president, for wounding Lt Byrd of
sidd regiment, of which wound he died.

The Court are of opinion that the prisoner, Lt CoL
Bayard was not guilty of the murder, but of voluntary
manslaughter, in the heat of passion, and therefore judge
the prisoner, Lt. Col. Bayard, to be suspended for three
months.

But being ordered by Sir William Howe, then Com-
mander in Chief, to revise the proceedings, the Court are of
opinion that according to the circumstances this distinction
of the law being thoroughly considered they could not have
acted otherwise; but laying these distinctions aside and
acting entirely as a Military Court, they were of opinion
Lt Col. Bayard was guilty of wounding Lieut Byrd, of
which wounds he died and therefore sentence him to be
cashiered as Lt Col. to the Orange Rangers.

The Judge Advocate Gteneral, by order of his Majesty,
has signified to his Excellency the Commander in Chief,
although the Lt Col. Bayard was not expressly arraigned
upon a charge of murder, yet, as the Court Martial thought
the trial to have had [defiewed] point particularly in view
and has actually declared not guilty of murder, but of man-
slaughter only, the BSng considers this declaration of the
Court as a complete acquittal of the prisoner of the crime
of murder, and his Majesty is pleased to confirm the said
acquittal, which seems to be warranted from the evidence.
But his Majesty does not think fit to ratify the opinion of
the Court by which the prisoner is found guilty of man-
slaughter, a distinction peculiar to the Common Law of Eng-
land, nor the judgment of the Court whereby the prisoner is
sentenced to be cashiered, but is graciously pleased absolutely
to remit the same and to order that the prisoner, Lt Col.
Bayard be released fi'om his arrest

Head Quabtebs New Yokk, 24*»» Oct 1778.
Capt John McKennon of his Majesty's Batt**" of Roman
Catholic Volunteers, tried by the Gen* Court Martial of

102 Extracts from Orderly-Book of Maj. Robert ClayUm, 1778.

which Lt. Col. Ludlow is President, for ungentlemanly be-
haviour—

firsts Plundering in y* Jerseys ;

secondly, Suffering himself to be kicked by Capt McAvoy
of the same Corps, without properly resenting it, is found
guilty and sentenced to be dismissed from his Majesty's
service.

The Comm' in Chief confirms the above sentence.

Capt. Martin McAvoy of the Roman Catholic Volunteers
tried by y* above Court Martial for Plundering in y* Jerseys,
in taking a horse and cows, and behaving indecently on the
Parade, is found guilty and sentenced to be dismissed from
his Majesty's service.

The Comm' in Chief confirms the above sentence.

Lieut BawBwill, of the Maryland Loyalists, tried by the
above Court Martial for disobedience of orders, in Plunder-
ing and marauding, is found not guilty and therefore ac-
quitted with honor.

The Comm' in Chief confirms y* above sentence.

William Freeman, an inhabitant of Long Island, tried by
y* above Court Martial, for endeavouring to seduce some
soldiers of ye Loyal American Regiment to desert to the
Rebels, the Court is of opinion that he is guilty of y* charge,
and that he forfeit the sum of £40. stg., and upon failure of
payment of s* sum within four days of the Comm' in
Chief's approbation of y* sentence, the Court orders him to
receive 1000 Lashes at the Court House, Jamaica.

Head Quabters New Yoek, Oct 26, 1778.
The Commander in Chief has been pleased to appoint
the Rev. Mr. Batwell, to be Chaplain to the New York
Volunteers.

The Rev. Mr. Field to be Chaplain to DeLancey's Second
Battalion.

Head Quaktees New Yoek, 28* Dec. 1778.
The Commander in Chief has his Majesty's orders to sig-
nify to the officers and soldiers of the Army that marched

Extracts from Orderly-Book of Maj. Robert Clayton^ 1778. 108

through the Jerseys from Philadelphia last Campaign His
Majesty's Eoyal Approbation of the intrepidity and perse-
verance which they displayed during the march, and in the
affia.ir of the Rear Guard at Freehold. His Excellency is
further directed to express to Lt. Gen. Knyphausen and
Earl Comwallis, Major Gen. Grey and to Brigadier Generals
Matthews, Lisle, and Sir William Erskine, and to convey
to each of them and particular His Majesty's fullest appro-
bation, which his Excellency the Commander in Chief takes
the most publick manner of doing.

Head Quartebs, New York,

December 28, 1778.

Congress having recalled such British and German
officers as are here on Parole, the Commander in Chief in
consideration of the long journey, which these gentlemen
will be obliged to take, is pleased to order one hundred,
sixty five days prize money shall be issued to them on
Thursday next. They will please to send their names to
the Adjutant General's Office, who will transmit a list of
them to Major Brewin, D. Q. M. General.

Capt. Andre, of the 26th Regiment is appointed Aid de
Camp to the Commander in Chief.

104 Dr. Thomas Wynnes Account of his Early Life.

DE. THOMAS WYNNE'S ACCOUNT OP HIS EARLY

LIFE.

OONTRIBUTED BT WILLIAM MaoL£AN, JR.

The contributor has recently obtained from a London
book-store a pamphlet entitled as follows ; " AlN Antichristian
Conspiracy Dbteotei), and Satans Champion Defeated.
Being a Reply to an Envious k Scurrilous Libel, without
any Name to it, Called Work for a Cooper. Being also a
Vmdicaiion of my Book, entituled, The Antiquity of the Qua-
kers; From the Base Insinuations, False Doctrine and
False Charge therein contain'd against me, my Book, and
against God's People called Quakers in general. By me
Thomas Wynne. Printed in the year 1679" Dr. Wynne
quotes various portions from the work of the " Libeller'*
and then appends his reply. The concluding chapter is of
especial interest, as it contains many personal references, and
is given below in foil.

Of his Reflection on me, calling me COOPER, &c.

In tiliis he spits his Malice at me as much as in any; and indeed
his Book sayoors of little else ; and in this he thought to Character to
Disgrace, by Reflecting upon my small Original ; but I am quite of
another mind ; for if this would be so to me, it would certainly be of
much more to very many that I could name, were it not lest any should
think I did reflect on them, who are now Persons of known Repute
and Honour in the World, who had smaller Beginnings than myself:
I could bring the Libeller under this Odium also, if he thinks it be
any, if he be the Man he is said to be ; but Revenge is none of my Way,
therefore will at present reply to him of this Matter.

Hf^ 8 fitter to Plant Tobacco, or at beet to mind his Ax
^ and Saw, the Joynter and the Adz, alias, Nedde, the Oriste
and the Head-Knife^ dtc.

Rep. Its known to many now living, in this my Native Country
wherein I live, (and it being also near the place where I was Bom) that
my genious from a Child did lead me to Surgery, insomuch that before I
was Ten Years old, I several times over-ran my School and Home when
I heard of any ones being wounded or hurt, & used all my endeavours,
then to see Fractures and Dislocations reduc'd, and Wounds dressed,
and have been so long missing, that my Parents thought they had

Dr. Thomas Wynnf^s Account of his Early lAfe. 106

lost me^ for which I underwent Bevere Ck>rrection, and the troublesome
Times being then, my Parents sustained great Plunder, and my Father
dyed before I was Eleaven Years old, and my Mother not being then able
to produce so great a Bum of Money as to set me to Chyrurgery, I be-
took my self to this honest & necessary Calling he upbraids me with,
with several other things that in those dayes pleased my mind; yet
during all this time, I lost no opportunity to inform my self in the Prac-
tice of Chyrurgery, and continued thus until I became acquainted with
an honest Friend, and good Artist in Chyrurgery, whose Name was
Richard Moore qf Salop, who seeing my forwardness to Chyrurgery, did
farther me in it, and brought me to Desections in Salop ; the Anoto-
mistB being men of known worth in that Practice, whose Names are Dr,
Needham and Dr. JBolliru, who at this day are doubtless of deserved
Bepute in their Professions (in England) and I being then expert in
Drils, and Handy in Knife and Lancet, & other Instruments for that
purpose, I set on making a Skellton of a mans Bones, which I only
with the assistance of Richard Moore performed to their content, at
which time they thought me fit to be Licensed the practice of Chyrur-
gery, and this is near 20. Years ago, and soon after I being taken
Prisoner to Denbigh, where I remained a Prisoner near six Years for the
Testimony of Jesus, I then betook my self wholly to the Practice of
Chyrurgery, and €k>d was with me in my undertakings, to him be the
Glory forever; and why then did not my envious Adversary to the
abovesaid Instruments, have added the Plaister Box and Salvatory, the
Trafine and the Head-Saw, the Amputation Saw, and the Catling, the
Cautery Sirring and Catheter, with many more which with €k>ds assist-
ance I have used with good success, for the space of near 20. years last past
(which was near thrice as long as I used those he speaks of to the great
comfort of many who had some of them, their Limbs gangrened others
Fractured, others Dislocated, others desperately Wounded by Gun shots,
others pierced thorow with Eapiers, others with Ulcers and Fistula's,
and Cancers, which I exterpated, & by Gtods assistance Cured, yea, many
Scores are living Monuments of Gk>ds Mercy to this day, who were
Spectacles of great misery in these respects ; And as touching his Re-
flection and Detraction, enviously seeking to lessen my reputation in my
present Calling of Chyrurgery, is no more to me then the barking of a
Dog ; and though Dogs yelp at the Moon, yet they cannot hinder her
light.

Ibekve he is Ignorant in his very Trade of quack Chyrur-
gery, and cannot so much as Enlighten his credulous and Libeller,
very adventerous Patients with the meaning of the JBtpo & !*««• 20.
Bipigastoea, the Medulla, Spinalis, and Filoras, &c.

Bep. Its possible that for all his malign Detraction, that to any whom
it may concern I shall be able to give them such satisfaction, as becomes

106 Dr. Thomas Wynne^s Account of his Early Life.

a Practitioner in ChTrurgery to do, having for at least 20. Years of great
Industry informed my self in Anatomy, especially that part of it that
belongs to a Chyrurgeon (viz.) of knowing the Structure and Scituation
of mans Body, and not only so, but have with painful endeavours in-
formed my self of the best Authors with the Nature of the Humours,
Spirits and Ferments, and of their Ck>-opperation in the Bodies of men,
neither have I rested here, but have acquainted my self with both
antient and modem Institutions, and the Aphorisms (& Observations)
of worthy men ; but what my attainments are in these particulars, I
think not fit to be mentioned here, nor was it ever in my Heart to have
said thus much, had it not been a force put upon me ; however this I
hope I alwayes shall be ready, while God enables me (as I have been
hitherto) when called upon to serve my CJountry, according to my
ability, not only in saying, but doing also, and there is no mark of dis-
grace which my Adversary would Characterize me by, to disgrace me
with but I would as freely serve my Country now therein as ever, were
I not able to serve them in a better capacity. I could, if it were need-
ful, bring many Testimonies of famous men in the practise of Chyrur-
gery, who were first bred up Mechanicks, as Perecu, Fellix, Wortew,
Carramus, Fellopius, SptgdlittSy JBUldanus and Aqitepandente ; nay, Leon-
ard Fhycrebeate, a very famous Man, sayes, lis necessary for Youth to be
sobred up, his Reason is, it will make them more handy and dexterous in
the manuel OpperaHons of Chyrurgery,

Libeller, in pag. 27, calls me Lay-Preacher, and bids me call my self
a Lyar and Fool, for when, said he, did any true Minister of the Church
of England make any f atoning Addresses to Bichard Cromwell, or bemone
the Death of Oliver.

Bep. What I said there concerning the Priests is certainly true ; for
I said some of the Priests bemoned the Death of Oliver, and in their
Addresses to Bichard, compared Oliver to Moses, and Bichard to Joshuah,
&c it therefore had become him to read the Priests Addresses, before he
had charged me with Lyar and Fool, and did it not at this time look
too like Bevenge, which is none of my way. I have a Sheet in readi-
ness that I could have produced to my defence, which if a force be put
upon me may come forth, which will shew them in their Colours, and
further clear the point ; and for my part I heartily wish we may hear
no more of this, except we hear it and see it in the Penetential Con-
fession of the Offenders.

And although I be a Lay-man, as he calls me, yet I have a Testimony
to bear for God in this day and time ; and since he would exclude such,
what makes him believe the antient QuaJkers, who were Lay-men, Ezod,
S, 1, Moses was a Keeper of Sheep ; and was it not this Lay-man and
Quaker that gave record how Qod created Man in the Beginning, and
the World, and all therein ? and did not this Lay-man give Testimony

Dr. Thomas Wynne^s Account of his Early Life. 107

of the Flood destroyiiig the old World, and of Noah* 9 being saved in
the Ark, with much more of the Work of God for the Deliverance of
his People, both Patriarchs and Prophets, &c as may at large be read
in his books ? And was not David a Keeper of Sheep, 2 Sam, 7. 8, I
took thee from the Sheep-coats ^ 1 Sam, 2^, 3, Saul came to the Sheep-
coatB after David, 1 Kings 19, 19, Elisha was a Plow-man. Amos 3, ^.
AmosYTBS a Herds-man. Mat, 4, 18, Simon Peter, and Andrew his
Brother, were Fishers. John 2, 1, Simon Peter said, I go a Fishing ;
they that were with him, said. We go with thee, John 21. 3. He ex-
pressed himself after the same manner.

Now you may see how these Preachers, after they had been preaching
to the Nations, Mai, 10, they fell to their Nets again ; and I hope the
LibeUer dare not say, but that they were rightly ordained to their Minis-
try ; yet we see that their way of Livelihood was their Fishing-trade,
and not to usurp Authority over the people ; nor were they Incombants
to any Places nor inducted to any Benefice with Bight to Tythes of One
hundred, or Two Hundred, or Three Hundred a Year, more or less.
Now if Peter or John should have come in their Fishers Coats to preach
the Qoepel in our days, would not the Libeller abuse them, think ye,
and bid them mind their Nets and their Fishing-trade, and call them Lay-
Preachers, and scofT at their Fisher's Coats, especially knowing them to
be illiterate men ? & did not the great SchoUars, (who had the Hebrew,
Greek and Latin in those days) in Derision call Christ a Carpenter's Son,
and Blasphemer, and Devil f thus their Tongues and Languages deceived
them ; for they knew him not with all these Tongues, Acts 18, 3, Were
not Paul, and PridUa and Aquilla Tent-makers ? and were not these
true Preachers? sure they were. 80 all people that are spiritually
awakened may see, how that God in the time of the Prophets and
Apostles made choice of Lay-men (as my Adversary his stile is) to be
his Ministers : but it may be the Libeller thinks that now the Case is
alter' d, and that €k)d hath changed his mind from Lay-men to SchoUars
only ; if not, why are Lay-men excluded now adays ? is not this to limit
the Holy One of Israel f who will not be limitted, but is now risen in
his Power in a poor and despised Remnant, to whom he hath made
known a heavenly Principle, which is the Spirit and Light of Christ
Jesus, €k)d's Anointed, the Second Adam, who is made a Quickening
Spirit (as saith the Apostle) in man ; and this was it I bore Testimony
to in my Book, and its notfe lo defe to deny all outward Teaching, (in
the days of the Oospel) that springs not from Christ Jesus, the Anointed
of God, who is enjoyed within by the true Christians in this Age, as
was by such in former Ages. Olary to the Lord Ood for the same,
Christ saith, God is a Spirit, and they who Worship him, they must wor-
ship him in the Spirit and in the Truth,

And this spirit is the true Teacher, which we have believed in, & this

108 Dr. Thomas Wyrm^s Account of his Early Life.

iB he whom (jk>d hath anointed to preach good Tidings to the Poor, even
Christ Jeeus in his Children ; this is he whom QuA has sent to hind up
the hroken-hearted, and to proclaim Liberty to the Captiyes, and the
opening of the Prison to those that are bound, and to proclaim the
Acceptable Year of the Lord, and the Day of the Vengeance of our
€k>d to all that oppose the Appearance of his Son ; yea, and to comfort
all that truly mourn for Sin ; yea, and to appoint to all that mourn in
9Um, to giye to them Beauty for Ashes, and the Oyl of Joy for mourn-
ing, and the Gkurment of Praise for the Spirit of Heayiness, that they
may be called Trees of RighteousneBS, the planting of the Lord.

This chapter is followed by a conclusion in Welsh and an
epistle to the Quakers, the latter of which is signed " Thomas
Wynne'* "Caerwis the Ist day of 11th moneth, 1678/'
There is in addition to this a postscript

lAihographie Portraits of Albert Newsam. 109

LITHOGEAPmC POETEAITS OF ALBERT NBWSAM.

BT D. HON. STAUFFER.

(Addenda to Vol. XXTV. page 452.)

Jambs Monroe.
Oval, in rectangular ornamental frame. Bust, fiace f to
left. On stone by A. Newsam. P. S. Duval, lith., Philada.
Published by C. S. Williams, N. E. Comer of Market and
7*^ St Title — James Monroe, 5th. President of the United
States. Size about 10.6 x 8.16 ins.

B. Frank Palmer.
Full bust, face f to right. On stone by A. Newsam.
From a daguerreotype by Root. P. S. Duval & Co., Stm.
Lith. Press, Phila. For the Scalpel. Title — ^As above in
autograph. Size 6x4 ins.

110 lAtkographic Portraits of Albert Newsam.

William and Chables Stobvbr.
Over half-length, seated towards right; holding letter,
addressed — " For Messr's Wm. & Ch's. Stoever, Philada."
On stone by A. Newsam. From a daguerreotype by M. A.
Boot. No title. Size 9 x 12.2 ins.

John Tyler.
Oval, in rectangular frame, ornamented. Bust, fiace | to
right. On stone by A. Newsam. P. 8. Duval, lith.,
Philada. Published by C. 8. Williams, N. E. Comer of
Market & 7th 8t. Title— John Tyler, 10th. President of
the United States. Size about 10.6 x 8.15 ins.

Martin Van Burbn.
Oval, in rectangular ornamental frame. Bust, fiice f to
right On stone by A. Newsam. P. 8. Duval, lith.,
Philada. Published by C. 8. Williams, N. E. Corner of
Market & 7th. 8t. Title— Martin Van Buren, 8th. President
of the United States. Size about 10.6 x 8.15 ins. ^

Henry Clay.
Full bust, face f to left. This is printed on the same
sheet with John Sergeant Title— Henry Clay. Size 4.8
X 8.12 ins.

Mr. & Mrs. F. B. Conway.

Full bust, portraits facing each other, with Mrs. Conway
to the left. On stone by Albert Newsam. Daguerreotype
by W. L. Gtermon. Title— as above. Size 10.8 x 16 ins.

Mr. Collins.
Full length, face f to left; rectangular frame. On stone
by A. Newsam. From a daguerreotype by M. A. Boot.
Title — Mr. Collins, as McShane, in the Nervous Man; fac-
simile signature. Size 12.5 x 9.5 ins.

* As each of the above Presidents is lettered above the frame, " Por-
traits of the Presidents," there was probably a fall set of them up to
the date of their publication.

lAthographic Portraits of Albert Newsam. Ill

Wm. Hbnby Harrison.
Rectangular, half-length to front, in uniform, fece f to
left; arms folded, with sword in left hand. On stone by A.
Newsam from a Painting by R. Peale | Lehman & Duval
lith'rs., Philada. | Philadelphia, Published by Lehman &
Duval, Lith'rs. | Title — General Harrison; the title and name
on either side of a medal containing the words, "Tippe-
canoe, Port Meigs, Thames." Size 12.8 x 10.4 ins.

Hill Family.

Li the " Hill Family," published in Philadelphia in 1854,
are the following lithographs ascribed to Newsam, printed
by P. S. Duval & Co., Phila. ; these have not been seen by
the compiler : —

Henry Hill, oval, size 8.4 x 4.4 ins.

Margaret Hill, rectangular, size 8.4 x 4.4 ins.

Mary Lamar, rectangular, size 3.4 x 4.4 ins.

Harriet Scott and child, rectangular, size 8.4 x 4.4 ins.

Margaret Morris Collins, oval, size 3.4 x 4.4 ins.

Thomas L. McKbnnby.
Rectangular, half-length seated towards right, face f right ;
three Lidian heads in background. On stone by A. Newsam.
P. 8. Duval, lith., Phila. Title— Faithfully yours | Tho. L.
McKenney (auto.). Size 5.14 x 4.11 ins.

J. S. Du SOLLB.
Half-length to front, cloak over shoulders, face front.
On stone by A. Newsam. Painted by T. E. Barratt. P. S.
Duval, lith. Phila. Title — ^as above in autograph. Size 4.7
X 4.5 ins.

Simon Murray.

Rectangular, half-length to front, face front. Engraved
by A. Newsam. Joseph Kyle, pinxt P. S. Duval, lith.,
Phila. Published by Joseph How, Phila. Title— Rev*
Simon Murray | Pastor and Founder of the Wesley Metho--
dist Episcopal Church of Christ, Hurst St, Philadelphia.
Size 12.5 X 10.7 ins.

112 IMhographk Portraits of Albert Newsam.

Daniel Scott.
Rectangular, full bust towards front, fiwe front Below
the rectangle is a vignette, with the Baptism of Christ and
one line beneath. Engraved by A. Newsam. Joseph Kyle,
pinxt P. S. Duval, lith., Philada. Published by Josaple
How. Title — ^Rev'd Daniel Scott | Pastor and Pounder of
the Union Baptist Church of Christ, Philadelphia. Size
12.5 X 10.8 ins.

Francis E. Shunk.

Pull bust towards front, face f to right. Drawn on stone
by A. Newsam. From the original painting executed by
Thomas Sully, Jr., at Pittsburg, 1844. Published by a
Committee of his friends in the City & County of Philar
delphia. Title— F. R. Shunk (auto) | Francis R Shunk.
Size 10.12 X 10.6 ins.

Olb Bull.

Three-quarter length, standing with arms folded, fiwje f
to right. Drawn on stone by A. Newsam. P. S. Duval's
lith., Philada. Philadelphia, Published by A. Fiot, — ^New
York, Wm. Dubois. Sheet music — Title— Souvenir d'Ole
Bull, Fantaise sur H Carnavale de Venezia, etc. Size 8.10
X 8.8 ins.

Charles W. Gardner.

Rectangular, half-length, seated towards front, face front
From life on stone by A. Newsam. P. S. Duval, lith.,
Philad*. Philadelphia, published by Joseph How. Title
— Rev^ Charles W. Gardner | Pastor of the first Presby-
terian Church I of the People of Colour in Philadelphia.
Dec' 20, 1841. Size 12.13 x 10.13 ins.

William Henry Harrison.
Bust turned towards left, fiice f to left. Drawn on stone
by A. Newsam. Painted from life by J. H. Beard, Cin-
cinnati. Lithography of J. T. Bowen. Sold at J. T.
Bowen's Lithographic & Print Colouring Establishment, 94
Walnut St, Phila. Published by James Akin, Philadelphia
(1840). Title— W. H. Harrison (auto.). Size 8.8 x 8 ins.

Lithographic Portraits of Albert Newsam, 118

William Maclure.
Rectangular, half-length, seated towards right, right hand
to head, face | to right. On stone by A. JSTewsam. Thos.
Sully, pinxt. P. 8. Duval, lith., Phila. Title— Wm.
Maclure (in auto) | ^tat 60. Size 4.7 x 8.13 ins.

Notes. — ^Robert M. Wharton, pp. 447, should be Robert Wharton.
Mr. CharleB Roberts has an unlettered lithograph by Newsam, marked in
pencil — **Mr. Colt, Bait." Tbis portrait does not agree with the
"John Colt" m our list. It is— Full bust, face front. Painted by T.
Sully, P. A. I Childs A Inman, lith'rs | Size 8.8 x 8.10 ins. Who is it?
The portrait of N. Collin, D.D., in Rev. J. C. Clay's ''Annals of the
Swedes," edition of 1835, is also by Newsam ; in the subsequent edition
it appears to be a reproduction.

VOL. XXV. — 8

114 Jnvndering by the British Army during the RevohUmu

PLUNDERING BY THE BRITISH ARMY DURIJ^G THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

CONTRIBUTED BT WILLIA^. ^ROOKB RAWLE, ESQ.

[The following is taken from the Common-Place Book of William
Bawle (the elder), dated October 12, 1781, and written while he was a
8tudent-at-law in the Inner Temple, London. Ab a boy he had re-
mained in Philadelphia daring its occupation by the British forces from
September, 1777, to June, 1778. On June 18, prior to the eyacuation
of the city, he sailed for New York, and remained there until June 15,
1781, when he sailed for Europe for the purpose of pursuing his legal
studies and trayelling.]

A writer in one of the English newspapers under the
signature of Fabricius had the confidence to assert that in
the march from the head of the Elk to Philadelphia Sir W.
Howe stopped the plunder by one single example.

The fiict is that not less than five soldiers were executed
before the arrival of the British army at Philadelphia, and
that they abstained from plunder at no part of the march.
The enemies of Sir W. Howe have unjustly compared his
marches thro' the country to the track of a ship thro' the
sea, or a bird in the air, which was immediately closed up
and left no vestiges behind. It might with more justice be
likened to the path of one of those tornados which, be-
tween the tropics, traverse the country in dreadftd ftiry,
and leave a mournful picture of devastation and destruc-
tion.

When the British camp was pitched at Gtermantown, and
was afterwards contracted to Philadelphia, the vicinities of
the city and the city itself constantly exhibited a dreary
picture of want and desolation ; houses empty and aban-
doned with windows taken out and floors pulled up ; en-

Flvndermg by (he British Army during the BevohUwru 116

closures levelled to the ground; gardens ravaged and
destroyed ; forests cut down, opening an extensive prospect
of a silent and deserted country. Such was the change
from what, a few weeks before, were the most beautiful, the
best cultivated and the most fertile environs of any city in
America.

Of these enormities the Hessian soldiers were chiefly ac-
cused.

To mitigate the reluctance with which these people em-
barked from Germany on being taken into the British
service, a report was circulated amongst them that the
Americans, having rebelled against their King, had forfeited
all the rich and fertile country they held, which was ready
to be divided among the soldiery on taking the trifling
trouble to drive out the possessors. It is easy to imagine
how this persuasion operated amongst them. When they
landed on Staten Island in 1776, they were for a time
patient and quiet, for they considered tiieir post as a kind
of preliminary to the property they were assumed to take
possession of; their hopes therefore ensured their obedience,
and they remained in the peaceful expectation of unbounded
wealth. When it was supposed they were sufficiently re-
covered from the fiatigues of the voyage they were called
off to a scene of warfere and of labor. They were led in
pursuit of a flying enemy thro' many miles of a hostile
country, where they had first to experience, for they were
mostly new troops, the dangers, the troubles and the dis-
tresses of an American campaign. They soon discovered
how much they had been mistaken, and they were disgusted
at their disappointment. To remonstrate was ineffectual ;
to be clamorous was dangerous; the resentment which
could not be exerted against those who had deceived them
was turned against the country they were in. Stimulated
at once by avarice and by anger, they began, not without
the connivance of their officers, who in point of knowledge
and humanity are few degrees superior to the men, a system
of depredation and barbarity which was universally pur-

116 Plundering by the British Army during the BevohUion.

sued with a savage eagerness and inhumanity the most dis-
gracefiil to Great Britain, the most detrimental to her
cause. They had then penetrated into the Jerseys and were
in possession of New York. In these places no principles,
conduct or character, no age, sex or condition were security
for property or a protection from insult The very seats
of learning which Genl. Washington had taken pains to
preserve were pillaged without remorse. The Library of
the College at New York which it had long been the
employment and the pleasure of the citizens to encrease
and embellish, was plundered, and the books hawked about
at low prices. When a purchaser could not be found, as
few would purchase what the same licentious hands might
soon deprive them of again, they were consigned to the
offices of the guard room, of which lighting fires was the
most honorable. The philosophical apparatus were de-
stroyed for the sake of the brass. These circumstances
deserve more to be remembered because it must be a
passion more brutal and degrading than mere avarice that
could prompt soldiery to enter the walls of a college, where
whatever is valuable is too bulky to be the proper object of
a soldier's rapine, and because this conduct of the Hessians
bears so great a resemblance to their illustrious predecessors
who, under the conduct of Alaric, ravaged Rome in the
fifth century. The Hessians too had their Alaric, and the
man complained as a hardship that he was not allowed to
sell the house in New York of which he had taken pos-
session, and transmit the money to Germany.

In a little time the Hessian soldiers became individually
rich and well provided with those little comforts and con-
veniences that constitute the luxury of a soldier. The
British, while they remarked the inferiority of their own
condition, were naturally led to imitate the conduct which
appeared so beneficial, and, encouraged by the laxity of
discipline prevalent in the army, a kind of rivalry ensued
between the two nations which should most distress the
country, that with a ridiculous inconsistency their masters

Phmdering hy the British Army during the JRevolution. 117

affected the strongest desires to reconcile. Whether it was
owing to a savage ferocity peculiar to the people, or to longer
habits of villainy, it is remarked that the Hessians constantly
maintained a superiority in cruelty of treatment and avidity
of plunder, that a mixture of generosity, a tinge of com-
passion sometimes attended the Englishmttn in his outrages,
but that the ravages of a Hessian were always known by his
meanness, rapacity and brutality.

118 Ship Registers for the Part of Philadelphia, 1726-1776.

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182 The Late Howard WiUiams lAoyd.

Zhc late Howarb MiUiams %lo^.

We regret to announce the death of Howard Williams
Lloyd, corresponding secretary of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania, which occurred on February 11, 1901, at his
residence in Qermantown. He was elected a member of
the Society December 19, 1887, and its corresponding secre-
tary in May of 1898.

Mr. Lloyd was a son of Henry Paschall and Annabella
Williams Lloyd, and was born in this city January 17, 1851.
He was educated at the Friends' Central and Philadelphia
High Schools, and subsequently for ten years was engaged
in commercial pursuits. The last twenty years of his life
were devoted to historical and genealogical researches in
America and Great Britain, and his knowledge of Quaker
and Welsh genealogies caused his advice and aid to be in
constant request His contributions to the Pennsylvania
Magazine were always prepared with great care.

Mr. Lloyd was one of the founders and for a time the
corresponding secretary of the Genealogical Society, the
Registrar of the Colonial Society of Pennsylvania, a mem-
ber of the Pennsylvania Society Sons of the Revolution, and
other societies.

Notes and Queries. 188

NOTES AND QUEKIES,

flote0.

Death of William Hekby Egle, M.D., ex-State Librabiah.
— ^William Henry Egle was bom September 17, 1880, at Harrisbai^i
Pennsylvania, and died in that city February 19, 1901. After com-
pleting his education in the local schools, he devoted several years to
literary work, and in 1854 commenced the study of medicine, and
graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania in March of 1859. To the call of his country he did not fJEul, for
in response to a telegram from Qeneral Russell, after the battle of Chan-
tilly, he went to Washington to relieve the wounded, sick, and suffering.
In September following he was commissioned assistant surgeon of the
Ninety-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and in the summer of
186S surgeon in the Forty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Militia.
At the close of this service he resumed the practice of his profession,
but afterwards accepted the appointment of surgeon of volunteers by
President Lincoln, and was assigned to Camp Nelson, Kentucky, to
examine the color^ troops being raised in that State. He was subse-
quently detailed with the cavalry battalions commanded by Colonels
James Brisbin and James F. Wade, thence ordered to the Department of
the James, under Greneral B. F. Butler, as surgeon of the One Hundred
and Sixteenth United States Colored Infantry, and later assigned to the
Twenty-fourth Corps, as executive medical officer during the Appomattox
campaign. Upon his return from that duty, he was ordered to Texas
with (General Jackson's Division, Twenty-fifth Corps, as chief medical
officer. In December of 1865 he resigned from the service and partly
resumed his profession at Harrisburg. For a period of four years Dr.
Egle served on the board of medical examiners for pensions, and for
twenty yeais as physician to the D«iphin County Prison. In March of
1887 he resigned the latter position to accept the appointment of State
librarian, tendered to him by Governor James A. Beaver. So efficiently
did he fill this important office that Governor Robert £. Pattison re-
commissioned him in 1891, and again in 1894, and Governor Daniel H.
Hastings in 1897. He was devoted to the duties of his position and
discharged them with diligence, accuracy, and fidelity, and the present
effectiveness of the State Library of Pennsylvania is due to his manage-
ment and energy.

When the National Guard was organized in 1870, Dr. Egle was ap-
pointed surgeon-in-chief of the Fifth Division, with the rank of lieu-
tenant-colonel, and subsequently. In the consolidation of the commands,
transferred as surgeon of the Eighth Regiment. In 1885 he was com-
missioned surgeon-in-chief of the Third Brigade, and when he retired,
about a year ago, he was the senior medical officer of the National Guard
of Pennsylvania.

As has been stated. Dr. Egle early developed a taste for literary work
and historical research, and in 1866 he commenced the preparation of
his ''History of Pennsylvania," published in 1876, and a second edition
in 1883. Among his other historical publications are: ''Historical

184 Notes cmi Queries.

EegiBter," two TolumeB (1888-84); "History of the County of Dau-
phin" (1888); "History of the County of Lebanon" (1883); "Cen-
tennial, County of Dauphin and City of Harrisburg" (1886); "Penn-
sylvania Gen^ogies, Sootch-Irish and G^erman" (1886, and a second
edition 1896); " Harrisburg-on-the-Susquehanna" (1892); "Some
Pennsylvania Women of the Bevolution" (1898) ; "Notes and Queries,
Historical, Biographical, and Genealogical," eleven volumes (1878-
1900). He was co-editor of the ' ' Pennsylvania Archives, ' ' second seri es.
Volumes L to Xn., and editor of the same series, Volumes XTTT. to
XIX., and also of the third series. Volumes L to XXVI. In 1878
La£Eiyette Collie conferred on him the honorary d^ree of M.A., in
appreciation of his services in American history.

Dr. Egle was a member of the American Historical Association, the
principal historical societies of the United States, as well as of several
learned societies in England and France. He was one of the founders
and the first president of the Pennsylvania-German Society, a vice-
president of the Pennsylvania Society Sons of the Bevolution, a mem-
ber of the Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania, Military Order of
the Loyal Legion, Grand Army of the Republic, Society of Colonial
Wars, and Society of the War of 1812-14. He was also a member of
the Dauphin County Medical Society and the Association of Military
Surgeons of the United States.

Dr. Egle was elected a member of the Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania in March of 1866, and his historical and biographical contributions
to the Pennsylvania Magazine date from the year 1877.

Two Ancient Folios. — ^Francis B. Lee, Esq., of Trenton, New
Jersey, contributes the following :

In the office of the Secretary of State, at Trenton, New Jersey, is a
large foUo of one hundred and fifty pages (''Vol. C Gloucester Deeds
No. 1") containing principally deeds of Gloucester County lands, 1677-
1689. On the reverse side are the accounts of Bichard Floyd, treasurer
to the Corporation of New England, which are of interest to both Old
and New England. There is also a thin folio (''Vol. C Gloucester Deeds
No. 2"), from page 23 to end being taken up with deeds 1684-1701 and
some miscellaneous matter. From page 1 to 28 are the accounts for
fiirm rents of the Mercers' Company, of London, for Woodhouse, Nor-
thumberland ; the Parish of Hempstead, Middlesex ; Manor of Erswell,
Sufiblk ; Bucklers-Bury, London ; west end of Panics, London ; Trinity
Parish, London ; Sufiblk Place, Kent ; aU embraced within the period
1652-1664. There is nothing which relates to the American Colonies.

It would be interesting to be able to trace the wanderings of the two
folios of these corporations to New Jersey, where they were utilized for
provincial records. ^

Andbew Hamilton. — ^Afler a search of several years, the marriage
record of Andrew Hamilton and his wife Ann Preeson has been dis-
covered in the marriage license bonds of Northampton County, Virginia,
according to which it appears that the marriage of Andrew Hamilton
and Ann Preeson, widow, took place March 6, 1706. At that time
bonds were required, which were filed in packages, and this license was
a bond with security by two or more persons that the lady should never
become a charge upon the parish. Ann Preeson was the widow of

Notes and Qtteries. 186

Joseph Preeson and daughter of Thomas Brown and his wife Susanna
Denwood. The will of Thomas Brown, of Northampton County, Vir-
ginia, is dated November 2, 1704, in which he leaves certain property
to his daughter Ann ''during her single life," and Andrew Hamilton
appears as one of the witnesses to this will. From this, two fACta be-
come evident, — ^viz., that Andrew Hamilton, at the time of the date of
this will, was already known under the name of Andrew Hamilton, and
was residing on the eastern shore of Virginia, and that Ann Brown had
not yet married Joseph Preeson, November 2, 1704. The will was pre-
sented in court and proved May 29, 1705, by the widow and children of
Thomas Brown, and the daughter then appears as ''Mrs. Anne Preeson,"
indicating that she had been married meantime.^ It has been argued by
a genealogist in Virginia that the daughter Ann may have been married
to Joseph Preeson before November 2, 1704, and was a widow at the
time her father made his will, but this does not appear to me likely, as
Thomas Brown mentions that his daughter Anne is to have certain prop-
erty ''during her single life," which he would scarcely have done if she
were a widow, without distinctly mentioning her as such. Periods of
mourning were not aUowed to last long in those days, as she became the
bride of Andrew Hamilton March 6, 1706.

The will of Susanna Brown is d^ed February 4, 1714, in which she
mentions, among others, her grandchildren Andrew Hamilton the
younger and Margaret Hamilton, to both of whom she leaves small
bequests. James, the oldest Hamilton child, who became Deputy Gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania, is not mentioned ; but this is not remarkable, as a
number of other grandchildren of Susanna Brown are also not mentioned
in the will.*

It has been asserted that James fi[amilton married and left issue, and
also that he was the same James Hamilton who married Gratiana Michael
in Virginia. In the Accomac County Records, Volume 1729-1737, page
81, from an entry dated March 8, 1729, it appears that James Hamilton
married Gratiana Michael, daughter of John and Ann Michael, and that
this James Hamilton was living in Accomac County, but no further trace
of him has been discovered. However, on July 8, 1755, Volume XIX.,

1 Abstntcts from will of ThomM Brown, of Xorthampton Ooimtv% Virginia, dated
Kovember 2, 1704. witnessed by Robert Samuel French and Andrew Hamilton ; proved
May 29, 1705, being presented to court by Mn. Susanna Brown, Mrs. Eliz. Preeson, Mrs.
Sarah tJnshur, Mrs. Anne Preeson, and Mrs. Mary Littleton, Joint executors. Thomas
Brown signed his name as a witness to several deeds or wills on record at Accomac, and
wrote the name Browne with the final e, but the signature to his will omits the letter e,

" I give unto my Daughter Anne all my land at ye Sea Side not already disposed of,
that is to say all the land on the South side of ye line before mentioned, including both
hammocks— by estimation 681 acres— to her and her heirs of her body forever, and fall-
ing such heirs, to goe to ye heirs of my Daughter Elizabeth and their heirs forever.

" I likewise give unto my Daughter Anne my negroe Mury Frank, his wife Matt, his
two sons Stephen and Oliver and my negroe girle Mary at ye Sea Side. I also give her
twelve cowes and calves, or other cattle equivalent, and for what household goods my
children have had my Will is mv Daughter Anne's part be made answerable to ye full
out of my Estate and if any of her own goods have been made up of in ye house, my
Will is they be made good out of my Estate.

'* My Will is further yt my Daughter Anne have during her single life ye use of my
Brandy Rill with other conveniences, as houseroom, flreing, and ye like.

'* I nominate and appoint my loving Wife and my four Daughters aforesaid Joint
executors of this my last Will ana Testament"

s Abstracts from will of Susanna Browne, of Northampton County, widow. Dated
February 4, 1714, proved May 19, 1719.

" I nve unto Margaret Hamilton ye negro girl named Ariadne, now in the possession
of her Father Hamilton.

'* I give unto Andrew Hamilton, the Younger, ten pound in money, which I now
have delivered to his Father for his use.

" I constitute and appoint Elintbeth Preeson, Wife of Thomas Preeson, Executrix of
this my last Will and Testament"

186 Notes and Queries.

Deeds, page 285, Northampton County Beoords, there ia a deed from
James Hamilton, of Philadelphia, Pennsylyania, ''son and heir of
Andrew and Ann Hamilton, formerly of Northampton County, Virginia,
to Thos. Dalby, 681 acres of land, formerly bequeathed to said Anne by
her Father, Thomas Brown, lying at the Sea Side," etc. The error
appears to have arisen from the natural conclusion that these two records
refer to the same individual. The tract of six hundred and thirty-one
acres which Mrs. Ann Hamilton had received from her father's estate
was sold by Andrew and Ann Hamilton in 1721 to Zerobabel Preeson,
their nephew, and in turn Thomas Preeson, the son of Zerobabel, sold the
tract to Dalby. For some reason not evident, James Hamilton, son and
heir of Andrew and Ann Hamilton, deeded as above, July 8, 1755, the
same tract to Thomas Dalby, probably in order to msJce the title clear.
The purchaser, Zerobabel, is supposed to have died, and consequently the
new deed from James Hamilton to Thomas Dalby was required. See
Volume XIX., Deeds, page 285.

No evidence has ever been produced to prove that James Hamilton,
the son of Andrew and Ann, married, and as Jaltaies Hamilton in his
will left his property entailed on the heirs of his brother Andrew, and,
in the event of that branch becoming extinct, then on the heirs of his
sister Margaret, there would appear to be no possible ground to claim
that he left children of his own.

According to rumors which have been current on the eastern shore of
Virginia, ^drew Hamilton came to Accomac County, Virginia, about
1696, and taught a classical school for some time after his arrival in the
Colony. Among his scholars were members of the Preeson family. After
the death of Joseph Preeson he managed the property for Ann Preeson,
the widow, whom he a little later married.

R. WiNDEE Johnson.

Rachel Wilbok. — In a copy of Saunder's Pocket Almanack for
1769, in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, is the
following record : " Rachall Wilson went on Board the Ship at Chester
the Ninth Day of 11 mo 1769. Nat Fortner Cap^ and arived at Dale
Oald, England, in Thirty Days."

Letters of Maetha Washikgtok in the Deeee Collection
OP the Historical Society op Pennsylvania. —

June 1, 1700.

Dear sister

I have had the pleasure of receiving your very welcome and affect.
Letters of the 10th of May intended to come by Jack and the 28*^ by
Mr. Bassett who I must acknowledge myself greatly obliged to for the
£Eivour of his last visit — I should not have suffered him to go without a
letter to you had I not known of the oppertunity that now offers and hear
I must do myself the pleasure of congratulating you very sincearly on
your happy delivarance of I wish I could say boy as I know how much
one of that sex was desired by you all — I am very sorry to hear my
mammas complaints of ill helth and I feel the same uneasiness on that
account that you doe but hope Mr. prescriptions will have the de-
sired effect — ^the children are now very well and I think myself in a
better state of helth than I have been in for a long time and dont dout
but I shall present you a fine healthy girl again when I come down in

Notes and Queries. 187

the Fall which is as soon as Mr. W — ^ns business will suffer him to leave
home I am very much pleased to hear Betsy continues to grow a fine
hearty child and will make you happy in that desirable bless-
ing I also hope you are out of all fear of sore Breasts before this time
Mr. Bassett will inform you of the mirth and gaiety that he has seen
so I hope I have no occasion to enlarge upon that head in order to induce
you to Try Fair&x in a pleasanter season than you did last time I shall
now conclude but not tiU I have desired you to present my Best good
wishes to Mrs Dawson and Judy in which Mr. Washington desires to
join me also b^ you will give our Blessing to the dear little children
and to each of Siem half a Dozen kisses and hope you will not imagine
that yourself and Mr. Bassett is forgot by my dear

nancy your sincear and loveing sister

KlBTHA WASHINOTON

To Mbs Bassett

Philadklphia, October the 22 1794
My deab Fanny

I expect that this letter will be handed to you by Mrs. Izard the lady
that I mentioned to you in my letter of the 19th of this month, — she has a
desire to see mount vemon — if you could make it convenient to yourself,
I shall be much obliged to you to go down with the Ladys to mount
vemon, as I wish every thing thair to be made as agreable to them as
poesable as the notice is short, Mrs Izard is a very agreable Lady and
her family amiable — we have been acquanted ever since I went up to
new york — I should be very much gratified to hear that the Ladis of
alexandria shows the Ladis sevility — ^if they should be obliged to make
any stay thair — ^you will find them all very agreable. Miss Izard has
been long a friend of nellys — do my dear Fanny have everything as
good as you can for them and put up any little thing that may be neces-
sary for the children on the road — I send you a &shionable cap caul and
Border — ^if you will scollop or overcast tiie borders it will add to thair
beauty —

my love and good wishes attend you and the children — ^I am my dear
Fanny your ever affectionate

M Washington.
— October I have not heard

from the President since the

eleaventh

Richard Penn's Estimate op the Strength op the Penn-
sylvania Absociators in 1775. — ^Richard Penn (son of Richard the
Governor), with his family, in the summer of 1775 left for England,
taking with him the second petition of Congress addressed to the King,
which had been drawn up by John Dickinson. In November, when it was
under consideration in the House of Lords, Penn was interrogated as to
the condition of the American Colonies, and in answer to the question,
*< What force has the Province of Pennsylvania raised ?" the following
series of questions and answers took place :

A, When I left Pennsylvania they had 20,000 men in arms embodied,
but not in pay, and 4500 men since raised.

Q. What were these 20,000? militia, or what?

A, They were volunteers throughout the province.

138 Notes and Queries.

Q. What were the 4500 men?

A. They were minute men, when upon service in pay.

Q. Are they included in the 20,000 men, or excluBive of them?

A, Exclusive.

Q, Doth the province oontrihute money besides to the continental
army?

A. They do.

Q, How many men fit to bear arms is it supposed there are in Penn-
sylvania?

A. Sixty thousand.

Q. What proportion of these 60,000 men do you believe would wil-
lingly come forth, if necessary, in the present contest?

A, All, I believe.

BbQUEST of MlNIATUBES TO THE HiSTOBICAL SOCIETY OP PENN-
SYLVANIA.— Under the will of Mary Battera Snyder, late of the borough of
Selin's Grove, Pennsylvania, she has bequeathed to the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania '' the miniatures of my grandparents Hon. John Wilkes
Eattera and his wife Ann Moore Kittera ; also blue china teapot which
belonged to Governor Simon Snyder.'' The miniatures were painted
by Robwrt Fulton.

WoEKs OP De Bey peesented to the Histoeical Society op
Pennsylvania by Mb. Clabence B. Moobe. — Five folio volumes of
the works of these fEimous publishers, fother and sons, have been pre-
sented to the Society's library by Mr. Moore. Three volumes are oc-
cupied with early voyages to America, and the other two volumes with
voyages elsewhither, chiefly by the Dutch.

The Sale op the Ashbubton Libbaby. — One of the most in-
teresting book sales of the present London season was the recent
dispersion of the Ashburton Library in the middle of last No-
vember. The prices realized on this occasion indicate a well -sustained
demand for that class of literature which is called Americana. The
general appearance of the books themselves as they were arranged on
the shelves of Messrs. Southeby, Wilkinson & Hodge's salesroom was
that of a well-bound and well-caj^-for library of a man of varied and
cultivated tastes. Aside from the books themselves, there was an
American interest in the vendor as a descendant of William Bingham,
sometime United States Senator from Pennsylvania, whose wife was a
daughter of Thomas Willing, a member of the Continental Congress and
the president of the Bank of North America ; and whose splendid man-
sion on South Third Street was one of Philadelphia's fiunous houses in
the days of Washington's presidency. Among the earlier items of the
sale were twelve volumes of pamphlets, possibly collected by William
Bingham, ranging from the time of Braddock's defeat to the recognition
of the independence of the United States. Copies of nearly all of them
were already in the collection of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
The Society has, however, secured one volume which is of exceptional
interest, as it contains a copy of Bivington's Army List (as it is called),
of which I believe but one other is known to have been preserved.
The following is the title and collation, neither of which are quite ac-
curately given in Sabin's Dictionary :

Notes and Queries. 189

A I list I of the | Officers of the Army, | serving in | North- America,
I Under the Command of his Excellency | G^eral Sir Guy Carleton,
K.B. I With l^e Dates of their Conmuasions, as they Rank in each |
Corps, and in the Army. | For the Year 1783. | New-York : J Printed
by James Bivington Printer to the King's | Most Excellent Majesty. |
M,DCC,LXXXin. I 8vo. Collation : Title 1 leaf; text, pp. 3-98 ; Cor-
rections and Alterations, pp. (4).

The words interpolated by Sabin's copyist (Dictionary, 4, 14, 66)
are not on the title-page, and undoubtedly refer to the manuscript alter-
ations in the copy in the collection of the New York Historical Society,
from which his title was transcribed, as they are not borne out by an
examination of the copy just acquired. As the Society already possessed
the first (1777), second, third (1779), and fourth of the series of rosters
of the officers of the British army serving in America during the Bevo-
lutionary War, this is a most important acquisition. It is especially so,
being the fullest and most accurate as well as the last one of the series,
which are the only source of information as to the officers of the Loyalist
and Hessian corps whose names do not appear in the official army lists
printed in Englimd. The rosters of one or two of the regiments of the
former are to be found nowhere else, owing to their having been raised
during the final year of the war.

The prices realized at this sale show the ever-increasing figures brought
by works relating to the colonial and revolutionary history of our
country. Among the American tracts which wese sold separately were :
Denton's ** Brief Description of New York," London, 1670 (an uncut
copy), $2000 ; Lederer's ** Discoveries in Three Marches from Virginia,"
London, 1672, $510; Captain John Smith's ** Advertisements for the
unexperienced Planters in New England," London, 1631, $800 ; " New
England's Plantation,'' $490 ; ''True Relation of the late Battall fought
in New England between the English and the Pequet Indians," $420 ;
" Virginia's Cure," London, 1662, $880 ; Gabriel Thomas's "Historical
Description of Pennsylvania," London, 1698, $810 ; Winslow's
"Good Newes from New England," London, 1624, $1200.

Chables B. Hildebubn.
London.

[The copy of Thomas's "Pennsylvania" in the library of the His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania was purchased at the Brinley sale, and
is the largest copy extant. — ^Ed. Penna. Mag.]

Obsebvations upon the Consumption of Teas in Nobth
Amebiga, by Samuel Whabton, 1778. —

From the latest and best Estimation, it is imagined. That there are at
least three Millions of British subjects upon that Continent

The Use of Teas, and of the black sort in particular, is so common
and &shionable in America, That it is usually drank twice a Day;
Even by the Frontier Lihabitants of all the Colonies, from New York to
North Carolina inclusive; — for the Expence of transporting it is so
very trivial. That the Land Carriage, quite from Philadelphia to the
Ohio, is only about a Penny a Pound — ; Inshort, the Practice of Tea
Drinking, is so prevalent that the Tribes of the Mohocks and
Cononjohare Indians, upon the Mohocks River in the Province of New
York, drink it frequently twice a Day, as do many of the Delawares,
upon Ohio.

140 Notes and Queries.

It is apprehended, That at least two Millions of the Americans drink
Tea Daily, and that they Yearly consume, not less, than five Millions
of Pounds of that Article ; — ^And by some intelligent Persons, it is pre-
sumed, Thai \f the Statute w<u repealed which lays a Duty of Sd, per Pound
on Teas— payable in America, That the Exportation from hence thither,
would be very great, and That it would put an End to the illicit Com-
merce in that Article, carried on, between Holland, Lisbon and the
Colonies. — ^Many Reasons induce me, to be of a different Opinion ; A
few of which, I will take the Liberty of mentioning —

The Ports of England, being yery seldom open, for the Importation
of American Com and flour ; and the East India Sales of Tea, not
being made, at oertain fixed limes , — so known to the Americans, That
in Case Their Com and Flour were always admissible in the Brit-
ish Ports, they could direct their Proceeds to be invested in Teas,
bought at those Sales and thereby make homeward Freights for their
Vessels; — ^They necessarily therefore send their Vessels to the Ports
of Holland and Portugal in Europe and S^ Eustatius in America, —
As they know, they are always open for the Reception of their
Flours Com, &c. ; And at these Places, they can be supplied with
Teas at a moderate Price and upon the Advantageous Terms of Dis-
count, Difference of Weight &c, amounting in the whole, to near 20 V
Centum.

Let it also be remarked, that the Americans, not being in a Capacity
and especially those from Rhode Island to North Carolina inclusive
(except possibly a few in the Tobacco Trade in Maryland and Vir-
ginia) To deposit Money in the Hands of Merchants in London, for the
particular Purpose, of buying Teas (at the India Sales) on the benefi-
cial Terms, of Discount &c. Their chief Means of Purchasing viz' Their
Com and Flour not being, as above stated, always admissable in England,
They have therefore, hitherto, been constrained, either to purchase their
Teas from Foreigners, or to buy them on exorbitant Terms, from the
Merchants in London.

The Invoice hereto subjoined, marked N*^ 1 shews upon what Condi-
tions the American Merchant is supplied with Teas, when he can remit
Money to his Correspondent in London, in Order to buy them at the
East India Sales.

The Invoice marked N** 2, also shews, upon what Terms, the American
Merchant is supplied, when he cannot remit Money to buy Teas at the
India Sales, but purchases them, on a Credit of 9 or 12 Months from
the London Merchant

A Cursory Examination of the different Conditions, contained in
these two Invoices, will, perhaps suggest to every candid and intelligent
Mind, That supposing the Statute repealed which lays a Duty of 3d, a
Found payable in America on Teas imported from hence. It would not
enable the American Merchants, generally, to Lodge Money in
London for the Purpose of buying Teas, at the India Sales and of
Course, would not prevent them from purchasing Teas at those Foreign
Places, where they can in Fact exchange the Flour Com &c for them ;
— ^There is therefore, in my poor Opinion, but one Method, by which
this Country can effectually avail itself of all the Tea Trade of North
America, and that is, by a Quantity of Teas sufficient for the Consump-
tion of that Continent, being annually landed immediately from China,
in the most central Part of North America, and there being sold, at

Notes and Queries. 141

stated public Times, upon a Credit of 9 or 12 Months, with the usual
Discount and Deductions as in England.
London, January 19*, 1778.

Queried.

Smyth. — ^Information is desired as to the parents of Rey. Thomas
Smyth, bom January 25, 1747, died January 25, 1792 ; married Mary
Weir, widow of Dr. William Ruth or Bouth. Graduated from Prince-
ton Goll^e in 1768. Licensed to preach 1772, and ordained and settled
as pastor of Middletown and Penca Churches, in Delaware, in 1774.

Lucy Smyth CJoopeb.

MoKiNLEY. — On October 10, 1768, in the city of Cork, Ireland, Mary
Connolly and John McKinley were married by '* Parson Paul Parish."
It was an elopement Mary Connolly was the youngest daughter of Sir
William Connolly, of Castletown, County Kildare, and Anne, daughter
of Thomas Wentworth, third Earl of Strafford.

The eldest daughter, Anne, married George B3rng, Viscount Torring-
ton, Frances married Sir William Howe, Caroline became the second
wife of the Earl of Buckinghamshire, and the only son, Thomas, mar-
ried Louisa Augusta L^ioz, daughter of the Duke of Richmond.

Eug^e Kelly, Jr., of New York, has recently purchased the old Con-
nolly estate of Castletown. John McKinley and his wife came to this
country in 1769 and settled at Mount Royal Forge, Frederick County,
Maryland. About the year 1772 they moved to the Northwestern
frontier in West Virginia. They had five children. The first, Eliza-
beth, was bom at Gravel Walks, Dublin, in 1767 ; married New-
man. The second, Thomas, was bom at Mount Royal Forge, Mary-
land, 1769, and married Sarah Stewart, of ''Stewart's Crossing,'' West
Virginia. The third, Harriet, bom at Mount Royal Forge in 1771,
married Randall Gibson, of Washington, Mississippi. They were the
grandparents of Randall Gibson, who represented the State of Louisiana
in the national Congress for seventeen years, and was senior Senator
from that State when he died in 1892. fiances was bom in 1778 at the
"Mouth of Wheeling Creek," West Virginia; married David Gibson,
of Mississippi, brother of Randall Gibson, Sr. John was bom at the
" Mouth of Wheeling Creek" in 1776. He probably died young.

John McEanley served through the war of the Revolution until the
surrender of Comwallis. In 1782 he went with Crawford on his expe-
dition against Sandusky, was taken prisoner with him, and was one of
the five tomahawked in the presence of Colonel Crawford only a short
time previous to the latter's terrible torture and death.

He was in the Thirteenth Virginia Regiment, commanded by Colonel
John Gibson, until the battle of Germantown, when he was wounded
in the neck, and afterwards transferred to the Ninth Virginia.

This is all I know of Captain John McKinley. I do not know where
or when he was bom, the names of his parents, brothers, and sisters, or
his occupation and home previous to his marriage.

Will be grateful to any one who will give me this information or any
information concerning him.

Mbs. S. G. Humphreys,
Gibson Station,

Southern Pacific Railroad,

Louisiana.

142 Notes and Queries.

BiOBEN (Penna. Mag., Vol. XXIV. p. 527). — John Bioren, of the
publishing firm of Bioren & Madan, was bom March 28, 1772, in Phila-
delphia. His parents were Benjamin and Mary (Lykins) Bioren, who
were married February 18, 1769. John Bioren died August 22, 1835.
The partnership between Bioren and Madan seems to have terminated
shortly after the publication of their first American edition of Shake-
speare (a copy of which is in the library of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania, and another in my possession), for all the later publica-
tions of John Bioren appear with his imprint only, or else in connection
with a joint publication with other firms. I have been informed that
he printed an edition of the Prayer-Book of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, containing the words ''into the place of Departed Spirits," in
the Apostles' Creed, in place of "into Hell," which edition was later
recalled by the Qenend Convention. The Laws of the State of Penn-
sylvania were also published by authority in 1808 and 1804.

John S. Bioeen.

New England Company. — ^A query was inserted in the Pennsyl-
vania Magazine (Vol. XXIV. p. 527) in regard to two items which
appear in Book A of Surveys, Surveyor-General's Office at Burlington,
New Jersey. The items refer to two entries relating to the payment
of money for the printing of Eliot's Indian Bible. In one of these
entries the phrase ''this Corporation" is used, and the question is raised
as to what particular ** Corporation" was meant. Without much doubt
the reference is to the Governor and Company for the Propagation
of the Gkwpel in New England, a corporation which afterwards became
known as iJie New England Company.

In the year 1896 a volume entitled "Some Correspondence between
the Qovemors and Treasurers of the New England Company in London,
and the Commissioners of the United Colonies in America, and others
between the years 1657 and 1712" was privately printed in London.
The editor of the book was John W. Ford, ** Governor of the New
England Company," and in his pre&ce he says, —

'"In connection with the printing of Eliot's Indian Bible the follow-
ing extract from the Company's Ledger for the years 1653-1664, now in
the State House at Trenton, New Jersey, U. S. A., will be of interest :

Cr.
21 July 1664 :

£ 8. d,

Bmding Indian Bibles 10 0 0

Bills of Exchange 800 0 0

Feb.

John Eliott as a gratuity given him for his extraordinary

pains amongst the Indians in New England . . . 50 0 0
Salary of Marmaduke Johnson :

Salary for printing Indian Bibles . . . 85 0 0"

These pajrments evidently refer to the same transactions mentioned
by your correspondent Mi. Ford, the editor, says frirthermore in his
preface, —

Notes and Queries. 148

" I have added in an alphabetical list a short account of nearly all
those whose names appear as signatories or otherwise in the accompany-
ing correspondence, which I think may be of interest to members of
the Company, and would express a hope that the dispersal of this volume
among collectors in America may lead to the discovery of the present
possessor of the old Minute Book, and to a copy being supplied by him
to its original owners, the New England Company/'

Inferentially it would seem that Book A of Surveys at Burlington,
New Jersey, is the old Minute Book of the New England Company, now
missing from the archives of that corporation. If the Company's
ledger in some unknown manner found its way to the State-House at
Triton, why may not the Minute Book in some equally mysterious
manner have drifted in the same direction, and found its way to Bur-
lington?

Samuel A. Green.

MAfl8AGHU8E1T8 HI9TOBI0AL SOCnETT.

JSooKi flotice0.

Valley Forge. — ^Two of the February magazines contain carefully
prepared articles on the camp at Valley Forge, liberally illustrated from
photographs taken by the compilers. Mr. W. H. Richardson, of the
Montgomery County Historical Society, contributes one to the New
England Magazine, and Thomas M. Longcope, Jr., the other to the
Penn Charter Magazine, of Philadelphia.

Biographical Sketch op Samuel Bowell and Notices op
SOME OF his Descendants, with a Genealogy for Seven
Generations, 1754-1898. By Roland RoweD, Manchester,
New Hampshire, 1898. 8vo, 216 pp. Illustrated. Price $2.50,
postage paid.
Samuel Rowell was a descendant in the fifth generation of Thomas
Rowell, who emigrated from England to Salisbury, Massachusetts, about
16B9, and was one of the original grantees of land in the town. The
parents of Samuel were John and Elizabeth Rowell, who resided at
Chester, New Hampshire, at the date of his birth in 1754. When the
war for independence broke out he served in the battle of Bunker Hill,
joined Arnold's corps in the Canadian expedition, and participated in
many of the important battles of the war. Unlike the ordinary gen-
ealogy, where only those bom to the family name are followed, this work
deals with all the descendants of its subject to the present day, giving
dates of births, marriages, and deaths. Soon after the battle of Ben-
nington Samuel Rowell married Sarah Duston, a great-granddaughter
of Hannah Duston, a well-known figure in colonial history. Of the
descendants of this couple, the compiler has found five hundred and
thirty-three. The family is a typical New England one, and will fairly
represent the fortunes of the descendants of most of the settlers who
came early to our shores. The work is substantially bound in cloth, and
contains sixty full-page half-tone engravings and many smaller ones.

^HB Literary Era (Vol. VIII., No. 1, 1901).— This excellent
literary monthly comes to us in an enlarged form, with a new and
attractive cover. Its corps of contributors has been increased, and the

144 Notes and Queries.

Historical and (Genealogical Department, again in charge of Mr.
Thomas Allen Glenn, has been much improved.

Philip Vickers Ftthian, Jouilkal and Lettebs, 1767-1774.

Edited by John Rogers Williams, Princeton, New Jersey, 1900.

8yo, 820 pp. niostrated.
Philip Vickers Fithian, bom December 29, 1747, was a student at
Princeton College, 1770-1772, Henry Lee, Aaron Burr, and James
Madison being among his associates. After graduating in theology in

1773, he became a tutor in the £Eimily of Robert Carter, of Virginia,
and between 1775 and 1776 served as missionary among the settlers of
Western Virginia and Pennsylvania. In July of 1776 he was appointed
chaplain of Heard's brigade of New Jersey militia, and served in the
battles of Long Island and Harlem Heights. He was taken down with
camp fever, and died near Fort Washington October 8, 1776.

The volume under notice is composed of selections from the Fithian
Papers deposited in the library of Princeton University, his letters be-
tween 1767 and 1773, and journal during his residence in Virginia, 1773-

1774, with letters from there covering the same period. Especially in-
teresting are his descriptions of student life at Nassau Hall, and the
account which he gives of his residence in the Old Dominion is a most
delightful picture of the social life of the period,— of refinement and
culture, of elegance of living and lavish hospitality, of balls and fox-
hunts, and an almost constant round of entertainments. The editor has
added numerous valuable annotations to the text and prepared an ex-
cellent index.

The German Sbcttabians of Pennsylvania, 1742-1800. A Criti-
cal AND Legendary History of the Ephrata Cloister and
THE DuNKERS. By Julius Friedrich Sachse, Philaddphia, 1900.
8vo, pp. 586. Illustrated. Price, $600.
The second and concluding volume of this work exhibits the same
astonishing labor and exhaustive investigation which characterize the
first volume, and we have also the same lavish display of illustrations
throughout the text The chapters which will particularly interest the
reader are those on Christopher 8aur and his German Bible, the indus-
trial, educational, and musical history, and the rules of the sisterhood
of the Community, the sketches of Conrad Weisser, Friedsam Gk>t-
trecht, and Prior Jabez, and the issues of the Ephrata press, with foe-
similes of the title-pages of the most important works printed. Un-
questionably the work is the most important one that has been printed
on the German Sectarians of Pennsylvania, and the author must be con-
gratulated on the success of his labors.

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purview of *Tbw FitUiaa^tia rufidol' tli« Ui«ti»ri«ml &«a«tj wf

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Fifmifiylva]il& and tiie Federal OonstittttloiL, 1767*178S.

BclHi!^i l»v John lUat MtM^aTKii Ncid PuFitKRi' « D, }ltf>}rs.

Pb»ltidt?lpJim, 1888. Svo. «i)fi |>|n CopifJii*ly ilhi>itP«J«l, t*ri**P. f/V.

The Becords of HolyTrimty (Old Swedes) Ohureti. Wil*
minftOE, DeL. from 1697 to 1773^

fr*f ■.i?M,.,i fmrnlhooH^innlt^Ht^dbh hy El+irara BirtiHt witlittts abtfttftcl

!'■

4 Ii^nipe-EiitrliBh BietioEiary.

Pif>cn lU) HtionjmciUB M8, iti tlio Archiv™ of tht* 3^ ^

BMlUtfTht^m, Pa. Eilttiid wHVi ttildiuofis, by Dakikl '

M 1 > , 141 ul K RT A L 5 jcni S m a<| k J ic I> Airmo jrt, ^^ ru inatjpanj i too

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Early History of the UisiTeraity of PeniiBylvanla from iti
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Or Im widow, Dicnoiuit ITomKift XyiOAK* with lelictiom ^^laa hyi«iTf«»

wtih ftn lii(A«Jt»tiiimi by OiiAHtJe* J. StiljlI* PWtaWpl*l«, 1«U».
Hi?. 207 Ff. IlluHtnii«L FriiXi 12*

n«l« v^uiQOi wnftm <ir^tiirT<d hf till* S-:^*Tty in tlie foU&wtli^ w»t :

pcflplkfn^ und %k*j prufit nmioc: ibi^r* ff<>n:i ^as ti\ part u»«3 to iwBiAt th?

»t WLriiii*gt<fn !;y ^tili*t*riblnj| far 14 tiUmW^rorcojii***, i i
fr«t» thwin tw.i wiirk** w«»*Jii liiMi ii*P!l *" « Hi" m*-i

>'-.-i ...-'' -.. *.. ti.,.. SfiiyHy by ii* late Prc^iiv]. '.-i.

1TM prf«ttit«d by Cliwl«» H-if
^r IM i#«o«|EK litPKAH*' wwi piiisl f'n ty

wtnli

Vol. XXV.

JULY, 1 90 1

No. 98

THE

PENNSYLVANIA
MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

PUBLISHED BY

THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA

FOR SUBSCRIBERS

PHILADELPHIA

1901

For $«le fet 1300 Ix>otit S^ect, PhilAd«l]>hi&, Pvic«» 7$ c«tti»
pf?j' Number, or I3.D0 per y«ar

CONTENTS.

Life of Maigaret Shippen, wife of Benedict Arnold. By Lewis Burd

Walker, (CovUinuecL) {Illustrated,) 145

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey, of Pennsylvania. ( Con-

Hnued,) 191

Eev. John Ettwein's Notes of Travel from the North Branch of the
Susquehanna to the Beaver River, Pennsylvania, 1772. By
John W, Jordan 208

The Last of the General Aasemhly under the Pennsylvania Consti-
tution of 1776. By William Brooke Bawle 220

Index to American Portraits. By Bunford Samuel, ( Continued. ) . 228

Account of the Destruction ol the Brig '* Peggy Stewart,'* at An-
napolis, 1774 248

Passenger List of the Ship " Elizabeth,'* which arrived at Phila-
delphia in 1819 255

Letter of Lambert Qidwalader to Timothy Pickering on the Capture

of Fort Washington 259

Letter of Chief Justice John Marshall 263

Ship Registers for the Port of Philadelphia, 1726-1775. (Ccm-

tinued,) 266

Notes and Queries 282

Book Notices , . . 288

v^i»/'^^f»»^»^^>^^^/»»»#^»»^#<»»^»v^^^»/»^^

BOUND VOLUMES OF THE MAGAZINE.

Oopies of all the volumes of this Magazine can be obtained at the
Hall of the Historical Society, bound by Messrs. Pawson and Nicholson,
in the very best manner, in the style known as Roxburgh, half cloth,
uncut edges, gilt top, for $3.75 each and the postage. They will be fur-
nished to subscribers in exchange for unbound numbers, in good condi-
tion, on the receipt of 75 cents per volume and the postage.

rmmrma by t. a. uppiJMorr oomfawt.

ALEXANDER HAMILTOTT
Nat-l?57-0b-18n4

Ihom ifu OrufuuU PaiiUuu^ t*t the 7'rurnJ>ul/ /Wl^^^i^n ;?//<• S,t^, ••'/ ./V//

ii !.:> i U Iv 1 i\ : =.' ■
\ r.. XXV. • '•:

,.'. 1 . - V
V. -^. V ■ .. •» / : '.I

^ \'

I 'I. ■• : ;. .- .. . .1 . 1:. u .. r I •. » •
^ 1 ; • * • ' I I ' ' . . * . - ' ')^ , ! 7 ^ ' * '

! 1 M : i *

1.;;. ' V -'li 1" ;

TH'l ^.

r ■

':.\'\

THE

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

Vol. XXV. 1901. No. 2.

LIFE OP MAEGAEBT SHIPPBN, WIPE OP BENEDICT

ARNOLD.

BY LEWIS BDBD WALKER.

(Oontmued from page 46.)
MBS. ARNOLD AT WEST POINT.

It will be noticed that in Hannah Arnold's letter Edward
Shippen is mentioned as keeping Mrs. Allen's house for
either himself or daughter to occupy upon her return to
Philadelphia. And in a letter written by Arnold to Betsy
Mansfield on August 81, 1780, he says: "I expect Mrs.
Arnold here soon to spend some weeks with me." Her
actual stay was from September 15, when she arrived, till
her departure for home on September 27. It was only
twelve days, but the events of years were crowded into
that short period. There were three other gentlemen at-
tached to Arnold's military family. These were Migor
Franks, Colonel Varick, and Dr. Eustis.

The intercourse at Robinson's House was pleasant and
harmonious, except on two occasions when Joshua Hett
Smith was present. He was suspected of not being favor-
ably disposed to America; and Varick warned Arnold not
VOL. XXV. — 10 ( 145 )

146 lAfe of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

to trust him. This not producing the result wished for,
Variek and Franks determined to aflfiront or insult Smith.
In answer to Major Franks's question, Variek says in his
sworn testimony :

"On the 23rd September he (Smith) came to Arnold's Quarters and
dined with us — mj unfavorable opinion of his moral and political char-
acter, and his usual and unparalleled impertinence and forwardness,
and General Arnold's Countenancing him (notwithstanding my advice
and frequent solicitations to the Contrary) fiixed a resolution in me to
affiront him before Arnold the first opportunity. A trifling one ofiered
at Table. I embraced it with warmth ; a very high dispute took place
in which you became a volunteer with me. Arnold opposed you and
often addressed to you with warmth answers to my observations, and I
reply' d to his answers, addressing myself to Smith. You as well as
myself were cavalier with Smith till Mrs. Arnold (who also thought ill
of Smith) observing her Husband in a passion, beg'd us to drop the
matter. I soon quitted the Table and went to my room which was then
theofSce.

''After dinner. Smith went ofi* and Arnold came into the office and
took you to task in very illiberal language for affronting Smith. He
lashed me over your Back without addressing himself to me — ^he declared
that \f he asked the Devil to Dine with him the Gentlemen of his Family
should he civil to him. You told him that if Smith had not been at his
Table you would have sent the Bottle at his head and would thereafter
treat him as a Rascal. I then found it necessary to do you as well as
myself Justice, by taking the Blame of affironting Smith on myself.
You thereupon declared to Arnold that you had of late observed that he
viewed every part of your Conduct with an eye of Prejudice and beg'd
him to discharge you from his Family. You went out of the room in a
passion and to New Burgh on Business from which you did not return
till the 24th.

'* The dispute between Arnold and myself continued very high. I

cursed Smith as a Rascal, a scoundrel and a Spy, and said my

reason for afi&onting him was that I thought him so. I also told Arnold
that my advice to him had proceeded from a Regard to his Reputation
which he repeatedly and confidentially told me he wished should stand
well in this State, and which I had very often told him would sufier by
an improper Intimacy with Smith. I further told him that Smith's
Insolence to you and his ungentlemanlike Conduct to Mrs. Arnold, in
speaking impertinently to you before her in a Language she did not un-
derstand, justified your treating Smith as you did and worse, and also
merited his resentment instead of Countenance. Arnold then told me

lAfe of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 147

that he was always willing to be advised by the Gentlemen of his Family,
but by would not be dictated to by them ; that he thought he pos-
sessed as much prudence as the Gentlemen of his Family. Some other
words ensued till I had occasion to leave him to dispatch an Express,
and when I returned he had left the office."

Colonel Lamb happened to be at the dinner spoken of,
and he says :

''When we were at Dinner at Saturday, the 23rd September there
happened to be a scarcity of Butter at the Table. On Mrs. Arnold's
calling for more Butter she was informed by the servant that there was '
no more. Arnold immediately said, * Bless me, I had forgotten the oil
I bought in Philadelphia ; it will do very well with salt fish,' which was
one of the dishes. The oil was produced, and on Arnold's saying it
cost Eighty Dollars, Smith replied Eighty Fence, that a Dollar was really
no more than a penny, upon which you said with some warmth, either,
'You are mistaken,' or, 'That is not true Mr. Smith,' I do not particu-
larly recollect which. This you said in such a tone of voice as con-
vinced me you was determined to afiront him. A great deal was said on
the subject between you and Smith. From some expression which
Smith dropped Major Franks became a party in the dispute which was
growing very warm, when Mrs. Arnold (who had observed that Arnold
was getting very angry) interposed and begged that the dispute might be
dropped as it gave her great pain. After dinner you told me you was
determined to affiront Smith as oft;en as he came to the House and drive
him from it if possible."

On the morning of this very day, Saturday, September
23, Andre had been captured, and the papers which ftilly
revealed the plot had been sent to Washington, who was
then on his way to West Point

In the "Life of Washington," Irving thus related the
events of the journey :

''On approaching the Hudson Washington took a more circuitous
route than the one he had originally intended, striking the river at Fish-
kill just above the Highlands, that he might visit West Point, and show
the marquis the works which had been erected there during his absence
in France. Circumstances detained them a night at FishkilL Their
baggage was sent on to Arnold's quarters in the Robinson House, with a
message apprising the general that they would break&st there the next
day. In the morning (Sept 25*^*) they were in the saddle before break
of day, having a ride to make of eighteen miles through the mountains.

148 lAfe of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

It was a pleasant and animated one. Washington was in excellent
spirits, and the buoyant marquis, and genial, warm-hearted Knox, were
companions with whom he was always disposed to unbend.

''When within a mile of the Bobinson House, Washington turned
down a cross road leading to the banks of the Hudson. Lafayette ap-
prised him that he was going out of the way, and hinted that Mrs.
Arnold must be waiting breakfast for him. * Ah, marquis I' replied he
good humoredly, 'you young men are all in love with Mrs. Arnold. I
see you are eager to be with her as soon as possible. Go you and break-
fast with her, and tell her not to wait for me. I must ride down and
examine the redoubts on this side of the river, but will be with her
shortly.'

"The marquis and G^eral Knox, however, turned off and accom
panied him down to the redoubts, while Colonel Hamilton and La&yette's
aide-de-camp. Major James McHenry, continued along the main road to
the Bobinson House, bearing Washington's apology, and request that
the breakfinst might not be retarded."

The £Ekmily with the two aides-de-camp sat down to break-
fast.

"Mrs. Arnold had arrived but four or five days previously from Phil-
adelphia, with her in&nt child, then about six months old. She was
bright and amiable as usual. Arnold was silent and gloomy. It was an
anxious moment with him. This was the day appointed for the con-
summation of the plot, when the enemy's ships were to ascend the
river. The return of the commander-in-chief firom the East two days
sooner than had been anticipated, and his proposed visit to the forts,
threatened to disconcert every thing. What might be the consequence
Arnold could not coi\jecture. An interval of fearful imaginings was
soon brought to a direful close. In the midst of the repast a horseman
alighted at the gate. It was the messenger bearing Jameson's letter to
Arnold, stating the capture of Andr6, and that dangerous papers found
on him had been forwarded to Washington."

Alexander Hamilton, who was present, thus describes the
scene in two letters he wrote to Henry Laurens and to Miss
Schuyler :

"Arnold, a moment before his setting out, went into Mrs. Arnold's
apartment, and informed her that some transactions had just come to
light, which must forever banish him from his country. She fell into a
swoon at this declaration ; and he left her in it, to consult his own
safety, till the servants, alarmed by her cries, came to her relief. She

Ufe of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 149

remained frantic all day ; accusing every one who approached her, with
an intention to murder her child (an infant in her arms) ; and exhibiting
eyery other mark of the most genuine and agonizing distress. Ex-
hausted by the fatigue and tumult of her spirits, her phrensy subsided
toward evening, and she sank into all the sadness of affliction. It was
impossible not to have been touched with her situation. I saw an ami-
able woman, frantic with distress for the loss of a husband she tenderly
loved ; a traitor to his country and his &me ; a disgrace to his connex-
ions : it was the most affecting scene I ever was witness to. She, for a
considerable time, entirely lost herself. The €^eral went up to see
her, and she upbraided him with being in a plot to murder her child.
One moment she raved, another she melted into tears. Sometimes she
pressed her in&nt to her bosom, and lamented its &te, occasioned by
the imprudence of its father, in a manner that would have pierced insen-
sibility itself. AU the sweetness of beauty, all the loveliness of inno-
cence, all the tenderness of a wife, and all the fondness of a mother,
showed themselves in her appearance and conduct. We have every
reason to believe, that she was entirely unacquainted with the plan, and
that the first knowledge of it^ was when Arnold went to tell her he must
banish himself from his country and from her forever. She instantly
fell into a convulsion, and he left her in that situation.

"This morning she is more composed. I paid her a visit, and en-
deavoured to soothe her by every method in my power ; though you may
imagine she is not easily to be consoled. Added to her other distresses,
she is very apprehensive the resentment of her country will &11 upon
her (who is only unfortunate) for the guilt of her husband. I have
tried to persuade her that her fears are ill founded ; but she will not be
convinced. She received us in bed, with every circumstance that would
interest our Sympathy : and her sufferings were so eloquent^ that I
wished myself her brother, to have a right to become her defender.
As it is, I have entreated her to enable me to give her proo& of my
friendship. Could I forgive Arnold for sacrificing his honour, reputation,
and duty, I could not forgive him for acting a part that must have for-
feited the esteem of so fine a woman. At present she almost forgets his
crime in his misfortunes ; and her horror at the guilt of the traitor, is
lost in her love of the man."

Irving, quoting Lafayette as authority, says :

''In the mean time, Mrs. Arnold remained in her room in a state
bordering on frenzy. Arnold might well confide in the humanity and
delicacy of Washington in respect to her. He regarded her with the
sincerest commiseration, acquitting her of all previous knowledge of her
husband's guilt. On remitting to her, by one of his Aides-de-camp, the

150 Life of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

letter of her husband, written from on board the Vulture, he informed
her that he had done all that depended upon himself to have him ar-
rested, but not haying succeeded, he experienced a pleasure in assuring
her of his safety."

Varick, in hie sworn testimony, gives the following
acoount:

"Sometime in the course of the Day, I do not recollect when — think
it was pretty soon after His Excellency arrived — Capt Lt. Hubbell
came into my room and in conversation told me he saw Arnold's Barge
going down the Eiver. But that circumstance made no impression on
me. Not long after you mentioned your suspicions to me Mrs. Arnold
called for me, and when I waited on her I found from her Language and
conduct that she was in great distress and had lost her reason, but could
not divine the cause. Some time before dinner (the hour I do not know,
but I think just before His Excellency (General Washington returned
from West Point), Mrs. Arnold recovering her Beason in some measure,
complained to me that she was left without a friend. I attempted to
sooth her by saying that she had many Friends, enumerating you and
myself and that General Arnold would be there soon. On my mention-
ing his name she replied in great agony. Oh no, no / he is gone, gone
forever/

''I soon left the room, found His Excellency had returned, and that
Arnold had not been at West Point, and then recollecting your Declaration
while I lay in bed, and his unaccountable and long absence, and Captain
Hogland having come with dispatches to His Excellency, and avoiding
answers to my enquiries with respect to Anderson's being taken, I men-
tioned to you that I was very apprehensive of his having destroyed him-
self or gone off. In very few minutes after we mentioned our fears to
Eustis in Cbnfidence lest we might be deceived. We were anxious to
advise the G^enl. of our suspicions but fearftil of doing it in a direct
manner, when Mrs. Arnold's request to see him to ask for relief soon
ftimished us with the opportunity, and I waited on His Excellency into
her room accordingly. I soon aft;er and just before dinner communi-
cated my suspicions to Colo. Lamb in Confidence, and it was not until
aft^ Dinner that His Excellency communicated Arnold's Perfidy and
Treachery to us."

In answer to Variek's questions, Major Franks testifies :

'< Arnold, I believe, did receive two letters by a militia officer, tho' I
did not see them. You did not I am sure — ^you was sick in your room.
Arnold did not come in nor did you see him aftier break&st that day.
His conduct was that soon aft«r he received the letters above mentioned

lAfe^ of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 151

he went up Stairs to his Lady. In about two minuteB His Excellency
General Washington's servant came to the door and informed me that EUs
Excellency was nigh at hand. I went immediately up stairs and informed
Arnold of it. He came down in great confosion and ordering a horse to be
saddled mounted him and told me to inform His Excellency that he was
going to West Point and would return in about an hour. His Excellency
came about half an hour after Arnold went off and after taking break^Eust
went to West Point Soon after Mrs. Arnold's unhappy situation called
us all to her assistance. Her alarms together with Arnold's precipitate
departure gave me much uneasiness. I hoped to see him return soon
and you and myself were about to send for him. An hour and a halt
or thereabouts after he was gone a report was spread about our quarters
of a spy of the name of John Anderson being detected nigh our lines.
On my hearing it I flew to you with indescribable agitation and told you
I was sure Arnold was a Villain, but on farther reflection and further
Conversation we agreed that it was uncharitable, and that we were not
warranted to think so, and that if any bad consequences were to ensue
to Arnold from our suspicions, our characters would be ruined.

''Soon after His Excellency returned from West Point where he had
been some considerable time, and during which Mrs. Arnold was in the
most alarming distress of mind. You were frequently with her and in-
formed me that she had complained that she had no friends, she was left
alone, and on your telling her that she had many friends (here enumer-
ating yourself, me, and General Arnold)— on your mentioning him she
exclaimed in an agony of grief. Oh no, he is gone, gone forever ! This
at last confirmed your and my suspicions which were communicated to
Dr. Eustis immediately."

Dr. Eustis said, in answer to Varick^s questions :

" I came out of Mrs. Arnold's chamber with you and Major Franks.
I asked you where G^eral Arnold was gone, and beg'd you for Gbd's
sake, to send for him, or the woman would die. You took me into my
chamber and both Major Franks and yourself (after enjoining on me the
most sacred secrecy) informed me of your suspicions that Arnold had
gone to the enemy. On my asking if you had told it to €^eral Wash-
ington, I think you told me it was a bare suspicion, and that you were
afraid to lisp it to any creature living, lest proving untrue it should
ruin your reputations forever. You afterwards informed me that your
suspicions were confirmed by Mrs. Arnold saying in her delirium that
he (meaning her husband) was gone forever "

The testimony of Variek, Franks, Lamb, and Dr. Eustb
was given in an investigation or trial to determine whether

152 Lift of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Varick and Franks were guilty of complicity with Arnold.
A copy of the testimony is in the possession of the Mercantile
Library in New York, and an article containing selections
from it was printed in the Magazine of American History for
November, 1882. Varick and Franks were unanimously
acquitted.

On page 574 of Thacher^s Military Journal it is said :

''In about an hour and a half after Arnold had abeconded, Dr.
Eustifl, who had charge of the hospital in the vicinity, was called to the
assistance of Birs. Arnold whose situation was alarming. He found her
at the head of the stair case, in great dishabille, her hair disheveled,
knowing no one, and frantic in the arms of her maid, and Arnold's two
aids, struggling to liberate herself from them. She was carried back to
her chamber, and fell into convulsions, which lasted several hours. In
a lucid interval she inquired of the Doctor, if General Washington was
in the house, expressing a wish to see him. Believing that she intended
to say something which would explain the secret of Arnold's unaccount-
able absence, he hastened below, gave notice of her request, and con-
ducted the general to her chamber, who remained no longer than to hear
her deny that he was (General Washington, and to witness the return of
her distraction."

Washington gave Mrs. Arnold her choice either to re-
turn to her father in Philadelphia or go to her husband in
New York. She chose the former.

RETURN TO PHILADELPHIA.

After Mrs. Arnold had in some measure recovered her
senses she determined to avail herself of Washington's
permission to return to her father, from whom she was
certain of a welcome, however great might be her mis-
fortunes. She started to return to Philadelphia on Wed-
nesday, September 27, 1780, with her nurse and son Ed-
ward Shippen Arnold, and reaching Paramus in the evening,
she stopped overnight at the house of Mrs. Prevost, whose
acquaintance she had made on her journey to West Point,
two weeks before. While here she met Aaron Burr, who
expressing esteem for the Shippen family, treated her with
marked politeness, and, after magnifying the dangers to

lAft of Margaret Shippm, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 153

which she might be exposed, offered to accompany her.
His father, Rev. Aaron Buir, President of Princeton Col-
lege, had become well acquainted with the Shippens from
their interest in college affairs. After the deatii of Mrs.
Burr, which soon followed that of President Burr, their
orphan children, Sarah and Aaron, were taken to the house
of Dr. William Shippen, the uncle of Edward Shippen, in
Philadelphia, which became their home during the year
Margaret Arnold was bom. When less than twenty years
of age Burr had accompanied Arnold on the expedition to
Quebec, on which occasion he assumed the disguise of a
Catholic priest in order to communicate with Montgomery.
All men, friends or foes, who knew him, remarked the
suavity of his manners and the address with which he
insinuated himself into the good opinion of those whom he
wished to win. A curious instance is afforded in a letter
before us, in which a young man, speaking enthusiastically
of the advantages he was to receive through Burr, adds :
" He treats me on every occasion as I were his son." It is,
perhaps, needless to say that this young man was disap-
pointed in his expectations.

In September, 1780, Burr's bad qualities were unknown
to the public, to whom he seemed a perfect gentleman, dis-
tinguished for his courtesy; so that when he met Mrs.
Arnold at the home of Mrs. Prevost and offered to escort
her to her father's house in Philadelphia, his offer was
gladly accepted.

But in order to rightly understand the incident that fol-
lows it is necessary to know Burr's true character^ and after
that is examined we are ready to apply Thackeray's opinion
of Philip of Konigsmarck to Burr, and say "a greater
scamp does not walk the history of America."

When he was less than two years old his mother had
written of him, " Aaron is a little, dirty, noisy boy, . . .
very sly and mischievous." The workings of his prurient
mind are displayed in his comments on the sleighing
party, in the latter part of his letter written to his invalid

154 lAfe of Margaret Shippmy Wife of Benedict Arnold.

sister before he was eighteen. When aide-de-camp to Gen-
eral Putnam, in 1776, his position brought him in contact
with Margaret Moncrieffe, who had by the fortunes of war
become separated from her father, Major Moncrieffe, an
officer of the British army. While she, a girl less than
fourteen years of age, was under the care of General Put-
nam Burr seduced her. M. L. Davis says (Burr's "Me-
moirs,*' Vol. L page 90) :

"Miss Moncrieffe before she had reached her fourteenth year, was
probably the victim of seduction. The language of her memoirs, when
taken in connection with her deportment soon after her marriage,
leaves but little room for doubt Major Burr while yet at OoUege, had
acquired a reputation for gallantry. On this point he was excessively
vain, and regardless of all those ties which ought to control an honora-
ble Mind. In his intercourse with females he was an unprincipled flat-
erer, ever prepared to take advantage of their weakness, their credulity
or their confidence. She that confided in him was lost. In referring to
this subject, no terms of condemnation would be too strong to apply to
Colonel Burr.

"It is truly surprising how any individual could have become so emi-
nent as a soldier, as a statesman, and as a professional man who devoted
so much time to the other sex as was devoted by Colonel Burr.

" For more than half a century of his life they seemed to absorb his
whole thoughts. His intrigues were without number. His conduct
most licentious. The sacred bonds of fiiendship were unhesitatingly
violated when they operated as barriers to the indulgence of his pas-
sions. For a long period of time he seemed to be gathering, and care-
fully preserving, every line written to him by any female whether with
or without reputation ; and when obtained, they were cast into one
common receptacle, — the profligate and the corrupt by the side of the
thoughtless and betrayed victim. All were held as trophies of victory, —
all esteemed alike valuable.''

When Margaret Arnold accepted the escort of Aaron
Burr she little anticipated the painful and humiliating trial
to which she exposed herself. It will not require a very
vivid imagination to picture what followed. We can almost
see Aaron Burr employing his most fascinating wiles to
win her regard. He told her how he revered Dr. Shippen,
who had cherished him when his mother died; how he
loved that family circle, in which he had the happiness to

Life of Margaret ShippeUj Wife of Benedict Arnold. 166

enter before her (Mrs. A/s) birth. He pitied her child, and
promised ever to protect him, in requital for the kindness he
had received. For the same reason he would protect her
from the brutal insults of a fiirious populace. He pitied
her forlorn and distressing situation ; but behind the cloud
the sun was still shining, and she had many years to live,
which he hoped would bring her happiness and joy. He
wondered that Arnold would allow her to be exposed to
popular fary if he loved her. Had he (Burr) found &vor
in such fair lady^s eyes, his heart's blood should flow ere a
breath of unkindness touched her. The baseness of Arnold
in allowing her to be sent home had broken the fetters
which bound her to him. The proudest in the land might
well wish to be her brother to have a right to become her
defender, and he entreated her to enable him to give her
proofs of his regard and aflPbrd him an opportunity of
meriting her kindness.

And so the tempter moved in serpent circles, ever smaller,
around his intended victim. But the libertine found that
the arts which he had successfully used against Margaret
Moncrieffe, had a very different effect upon Margaret Ar-
nold. With her thoughts upon her babe she listened to his
words, but heeded not their import till a dubious phrase
awakened her attention. Then surprise and amazement
succeeded attention, only to give place to indignation, as
his baseness was revealed. Her cheek was crimsoned with
shame at the nature of the insult, but her eyes flashed, and she
poured forth her scorn and contempt upon the caitiff before
her in a manner worthy of " Down-right Shippen'* of old.
And Aaron Burr slunk away.

The foregoing account is justified by the tradition of the
SWppen family. "We quote the following from page Ixii. of
the Shippen Papers, published in 1866 :

" he (Davis) does not say that Burr himself met her at Mrs. PreTOst's,
and when she left the house in the morning, offered his escort, which he
pretended might be useftil to her in the then excited state of the pnblic
mind on the subject of the treason. Still less does he tell, what his

166 Uife of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict AmoUL

friend would not have yentured to repeat, that on the way he made love
to this afflicted lady, thinking to take advantage of her just feelings of
indignation towards her hushand, to help him in his in&mous design.
Yet this is the fact, if our tradition be true. And indignantly repelled,
he treasured up his reyenge, and left a story behind him worthy of his
false and malignant heart, to blast this amiable lady's fame, when there
might be no one to disprove or deny it"

After the departure of Aaron Burr, Mrs. Arnold con-
tinued her journey to Philadelphia without any further
molestation.

BANISHMENT.

Very bitter controversies had arisen between Arnold and
the authorities of Pennsylvania. The Supreme Executive
CoXmcil accused Arnold of misconduct in his position as
commanding general in Philadelphia. Without any regard
for propriety, their charges were printed and circulated in
advance of his trial, and with a view to discredit him. The
Council had gone to extremes. They apparently preferred
British success to Arnold's continuance in command. A
letter from the President of the Council ("Pennsylvania
Archives," Vol. VTL p. 230, 1st Series) states :

''There is a resolve of this Board against calling out any Militia
while Qen. Arnold continues in Command in this State, upon which we
are determmed to act"

Irving says,—

"Nothing fraudulent on the part of Arnold was proved."

and adds, —

" We have forhome to go into all the particulars of this trial, but we
have considered them attentively, discharging from onr minds, as much
as possible, all impressions produced by Arnold's subeeqaent history,
and we are surprised to find, after the hostility manifested against him
by the council of Pennsylvania, and their extraordinary measure to pos-
sess the public mind, against him, how venial are the trespasses of
which he stood convicted."

Is it any wonder that Lafayette wrote to Washington, —

''There are open dissensions in Congress; parties who hate one
another as much as the common enemy."

LAft of Margaret Shippearty Wife of Bemdict Arnold. 167

The chief cause of Amold^s unpopularity in Philadelphia
was his Proclamation of June 19, 1778, closing the stores,
in obedience to the resolve of Congress. His haughty dis-
position exasperated still more the men who attributed to
him the interference with their private business. False re-
ports were circulated concerning him long before the treason.
On October 9, 1779, " Neddy" Burd wrote to his father:

<< You may have heard that (General Arnold was in Gku>l & had been
in Wilson's house, but neither of them is true ; he is at home with his
wife. It is true he was in ye street with ye rest of ye Citizens and was
pursued by two Men but he happened to have his Pistols &, prevented
them from hurting him by threatening to fire at them."

When the news of the treason was received in Philadel-
phia the feeling against the traitor was most violent. No
story of his evil deeds was too incredible to be believed.
Not only the treason, but all other acts of Arnold, became
the subjects of criticism and abuse. The following curious
instance will exemplify the universal tendency to impute
evil to all Arnold's actions. In the Index of Vol. XTL
** Colonial Records'' we find the following entry : " Arnold,
General, his conduct in Philadelphia very reprehensible."
On turning to the pages cited we do not find the particulars
of any bad conduct as we might expect, but instead we do
find that a letter or certificate of Messrs. Gteddis and Govet
was returned to them by the Council as being unsatisfactory,
** For that the Certificate does not Contain the circumstances
of misconduct in General Arnold's command."

Under date of September 27, 1780, the following ap-
pears in the minutes of the Pennsylvania Supreme Exec-
utive Council :

'<The Hon'ble Thomas McEean, Esq'r, Chief Justice, attended in
Council, and informed the Board that certain intelligence had been re-
ceived of General Arnold's having joined the enemy at New York ;
whereupon,

**Be$olved, That the Sheriff of the city and county of Philadelphia be
directed to make diligent search for General Arnold's papers, and that
he seize and bring the same before this Board for examination/'

158 Ijife of Margaret SMppen, Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Among the papers found on this occasion the following
appears to be the only one ever deemed to be of any im-
portance :

" Head-Quabteks, New Yore, the 16th Aug., 1779.
"Madame,

" Miyor Gilee is so good as to take charge of this letter, which is meant
to solicit your remembrance, and to assure you that my respect for you,
and the Mr circle in which I had the honour of becoming acquainted
with you, remains unimpaired by distance or political broils. It would
make me very happy to become useful to you here. You know the Mes-
quianza made me a complete milliner. Should you not haye received
supplies for your fullest equipment from that department, I shall be glad
to enter into the whole detail of cap-wire, needles, gauze, &c., and, to
the best of my abilities, render you in these trifles services from which I
hope you woidd infer a zeal to be further employed.

"I beg you would present my best respects to your sisters, to the Miss
Chews, and to Mrs. Shippen and Mrs. Chew.

''With the greatest r^ard, I have the honour to be,

<< Madam, your most obedient and most humble servant,

**JOHN Andbe.*'

We are told that this letter was in Reed's possession (see
Reed's "Life," Vol. U. p. 272), and this fact probably fur-
nishes a clue to the authorship of the following article which
appeared in the Pennsylvania Packet of September 30, 1780 :

''Our Correspondent concludes with a remark on the fallacious and
dangerous sentiments so frequently avowed in this city that female opin-
ions are of no consequence in public matters.

''The Romans thought &r otherwise, or we should not have heard of
the Clelias and Cornelias and Anias of antiquity ; and had we thought
and acted like them we should have despised and banished from social
intercourse every character, whether male or female, which could be so
lost to virtue decency and humanity, as to revel with the plunderers of
their countrymen. Behold the consequence. Col. Andrie under the
mask of Friendship and former acquaintance at Meschianzas and Balls
opens a correspondence in August 1779 with Mrs. Arnold, which has
doubtless been improved on his part to the dreadful and horrid issue we
have described, and which but for the overruling care of a kind Provi-
dence, must have involved this country and our Allies in great distress,
and perhaps utter ruin."

The fallacy in the above article can easily be shown. The
obvious meaning of Andre's letter is innocent, so that if it

lAfe of Margaret SMppeUy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 169

is treasonable, it must be so by virtue of some secret mean-
ing attached to ordinary words. But such secret meanings
imply previous communications and agreements. No pre-
vious communications have been shown, and after the ex-
piration of over a century, in which all sources of informar
tion have been thoroughly explored, it is not even alleged
that any other letters passed between Andr6 and Mrs. Ar-
nold. As no other letter was sent, it is also an error to say
that a " correspondence" was opened.

Is, then, the natural import of the letter a sufficiently
probable one to afford a satisfiictory explanation of its being
written ? Would " cap-wire, needles, gauze, &c.," be accept-
able to a lady nineteen years and two months old who had
some pretensions to feshion ?

As we find Prankhn's daughter writing to him to buy
her lace, feathers, linen, and pins (Pennsylvania Magazine,
Vol. nL p. 373, etc.), and we further find that Edward Tilgh-
man (after General Howe's permission had been asked) car-
ried fi-om Philadelphia a package of " six gauze handker-
chiefe, two small piece of gauze, and two sets of coloured
ribbons" to Mrs. Paca, " a Delegates Lady" (Pennsylvania
Magazine, Vol. XVL 216), we wonder why even the mob
would consider it treason.

In Sparks's " Writings of Washington," Vol. VII. p. 520,
it is said :

'^ Eighteen months before the consummation of his treason, Q^neral
Arnold commenced writing to Sir Henry Clinton anonymously, and from
time to time communicated to him important intelligence. Not knowing
the person nor the rank of his correspondent, Sir Henry at first received
his adyances coldly, but permitted the correspondence to be continued,
as no harm could result from it, and the intelligence would be useful.
The business was intrusted to Major Andre, who was then his aid-de-
camp. Fictitious names were assumed. Arnold adopted that of Gus-
tavus, and Andre signed his letters John Anderson.

'^ It was not till after Arnold had taken the command at West Point,
that Sir Henry Clinton considered his proposals of sufficient moment to
deserve particular attention."

160 life of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

We thus have the statement that it was not known to the
British till later who Gustavus was ; and the dullest reader
can perceive the necessity that compelled Arnold to conceal
his name for his own protection, and yet to say that Andr6*s
letter to Mrs. Arnold was treasonable involves us in the
absurdity of supposing that Arnold was well known to
Andr6 as his correspondent over a year before they actually
met!

Resuming now the account of Mrs. Arnold's misfortunes,
we find the following order (see " Colonial Records," Vol.
Xn. p. 520), viz. :

*' Pim.APiT.PHiA, Friday, Oct 27 1780.
'' The Council, taking into consideration the case of Mrs. Margaret Ar-
nold (the wife of Benedict Arnold, an attainted traitor, with the enemy
at New York), whose residence in this city has become dangerous to the
public safety ; and this board being desirous, as much as possible, to
prevent any correspondence and intercourse being carried on with per-
sons of disaffected character in this State and the enemy at New York,
and especially with the said Benedict Arnold, therefore, Besolyed, That
the said Margaret Arnold depart this State within fourteen days from the
date hereoi^ and that she do not return again during the continuance of
the present war."

We may learn what were the hopes of her friends from
the following letter from "Neddy^* Burd to his father
Colonel James Burd, which is as follows :

" Lanoasteb Not lOth 1780

<'Deak a Honored Sir

'' I was in great hopes of receiving a letter from you this Court But
as some of the Paxton People will be a going up this afternoon I must
embrace the opportunity of writing to you.

*' You have doubtlees heard of the unfortunate affair of Mrs. Arnold.
We tried every means to prevail on the Council to permit her to stay
among us, and not to compel her to go to that infernal villain her
husband in New York. The Council seemed for a considerable time to
£Eivor our request, but at length have ordered her away. Yesterday was
the day she was to have set off, and Mr. Shippen, intending to accom-
pany her the greatest part of the way, could not be up at this Court.
This drcumstance has involved the whole family in the deepest distress.
Mr. Shippen had promised the Council, and Mrs. Arnold had signed a
writing to the same purpose, engaging not to write to Oen Arnold any

lAfe of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 161

letters whatever, and to receive no letters without showing them to the
Council, if she was permitted to stay.

''However, this did not answer the purpose we hoped for. If she
could have staid Mr. Shippen would not have wished her ever to be
united to him again. It makes me melancholy every time I think of
the matter. I cannot bear the idea of her re-union. The sacrifice was
an immense one at her being married to him at all. It is much more
so to be obliged, against her will, to go to the arms of a man who appears
to be so very black.

• * Uncle J. Shippen is here & very hearty as is his &mily. My G.
faJ^er looks very well. Pleaae to inform me whether Dunnell has
threshed rye & what crop he has put in this &11. He should deliver it
to you as soon as possible. I have bought two cows of Mr. Shippen' s
tenant who was to put them upon his meadow & afterwards upon some
rye sown for the purpose of fattening Cattle. I intend to go down there
tomorrow & order them to be sent to Phila. There is no news of any
consequence that I know of. It is the prevailing opinion that the Eng-
lish have left Virginia.

"I received your letter respecting Mr Behaviour. P^gyisthe

best Judge, whether he has sufficiently apologized or not. His former
conduct was not quite agreeable to our Notions of Propriety. I believe
however he is a clever young fellow & hope he will conduct himself
better in that affair.

** I b^ my love in which Unde Shippen joins me to my Mother & all
& family & am Dear Sir

"Your Affectionate & dutifhl Son

**E. BUKD."

On November 20, 1780, Colonel James Burd replied :

''The affair of Mrs. Arnold gives us all great uneasiness, we think it
a little hard that the Councill would not grant the Indulgence she Re-
quired we dont know what to think of her going to New York but theres
no help."

Anna Rawle wrote to her brother on November 4, 1780 :

'* I was mistaken in imagining Mrs. Arnold would be allowed to stay
here. Betsy Dorsey told me Mr. Shippen was at their house, and said
his poor unhappy daughter had received an order to quit this state in
fourteen days."

The letter of Edward Burd of November 10, 1780, has
been in the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania for many years, and the late librarian called the

VOL. XXV. — 11

162 lAfe of Margaret SMppen, Wife of Benedict Arfwld.

special attention of the writer to its closing paragraph, as
he was very decidedly of the opinion that that particular
passage refers to the insnlt offered to Mrs. Arnold by Aaron
Burr, as previously related.

Resuming now the thread of our story, we find that
Edward Shippen accompanied his daughter on her way to
New York, arriving about November 18. A doleful jour-
ney it must have been, with the prospect of a separation
which might prove eternal.

After Edward Shippen's return, on December 22, 1780,
he wrote to his fether as follows :

''I am settled for this winter at least with my fiunily in Phil-
adelphia, in good health and tolerable Spirits, considering our late
troubles. My poor daughter P^^s unfortunate Connection has given
ns great grief. She is however safe arrived at New York and well pro-
vided for ; which is all the Consolation we could expect considering all
Circumstances. When will this terrible War with all its Evils have an
end ? We have been every now and then flattered with the prospect of
a Peace, which notwithstanding seems yet at a great distance, and we
have nothing for it but Patience and Resignation. The old Adage of
'War begets Poverty and poverty Peace* is in part verified, yet our
Poverty is not yet it seems to procure us peace. The Taxes begin to
grow enormous, and we that live only on what we had before feel it
most"

During her stay in New York we have only the following
accounts from the letters of Miss Anna Rawle in Philadel-
phia, and her mother, Mrs. Shoemaker, in New York, and
the diary of the latter. We quote Mrs. Shoemaker to her
daughter, November, 1780. (After mentioning the arrival
of Captain Lloyd of the Guards and his beautiful wife, a
Miss Lee, of the Isle of Wight) She says :

"P... .A. ...is not 80 much admired here for her Beauty as one
might have expected. All allow she has great Sweetness in her Connte-
nance, but wants Animation, Sprightliness & that fire in her eyes which
was so captivating in Capt L's wife. But notwithstanding she does not
possess that Life A animation that some do, they have met with every
atterUion indeed, mnch more than they could have promised themselves,
& the very genteel Appointment which he (Gen. A) holds in the Service,

lAft of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedkt Arnold. 168

joined to a Very large present, (which I am told he has received,) is
fhlly sufficient for every Demand in genteel lafe. You know by this
time I expect where his Destination is. His particular situation is such
as must give her great pain A anxiety I think."

February 8, 1781, Anna Rawle to Mrs. Shoemaker :

''I hope when P. Arnold visited thee she made an apology for living
in your house ; it was necessary I think. They tell strange stories here
of her, and strive to blacken her character in a way which her uncom-
mon affection for the General renders very improbable."

Aug. B9th 1781 ; Diary of Mrs. Shoemaker. ''Peggy Arnold had a
son bom today."

Se^, M 1781; "I drank a social dish of tea with Peggy Arnold to-
day %L the (General came in while we were at ii You wonder, I don't
doubt, at my improving an acquaintance there. I have never been in
the House since the morning Visit I paid her upon her first coming in,
& she had set a long afternoon without ceremony while the Qen. was in
Virginia (Dec. 80 & Jan. 81) as well as having been in a morning ; &
then she is a Philadelphian."

Nov. 5th 1781 : " Qea. Arnold & fiunily go home in the next Convoy."

Nov, 97 th 1781 ; ''A Short Visit from Qen Arnold ; he goes home in
the Bobuste with Lord Comwallis."

December 5, 1781, Anna Rawle to Mrs. Shoemaker:

" . . . . weeks ago I heard Mrs. A. was to sail in a fortnight so that
I suppose she has gone by this time. No doubt they will attract atten-
tion in England, for all who are related to the G excite curi-
osity."

December 16, 1781, Mrs. Shoemaker to her daughters :

'* The Fleet suled from the Hook today .... Lord Comwallis, his
Suite A Qen. Ar . . . d in the Bobuste. P .... A ... . Sl her fiunily in a
private ship as more agreeable for her than a man of War, yet not safe
for him. They give for the cabin 800 Guineas & then took in what
company they chose, chiefly Military I believe. I do not hear of any
females but her maids."

LATER LIFE AND DEATH.

For a short period after her arrival in England Margaret
Arnold seems to have attracted the attention of some of the
people of rank. A friendship with Lord ComwalliB was

164 Ijife of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

fonned, to which her children were greatly indebted for
their future advancement

In Arnold's " Life of Benedict Arnold," page 227, it is
said : " Tarleton and other returning officers, after she went
to London, reported that she was the handsomest woman in
England." Li Drake's "Historic Fields of Middlesex,"
page 258, it is said ; " The queen was so interested in favor
of Mrs. Arnold as to desire the ladies of the court to pay
much attention to her."

Yet even with this flattering reception she made no at>
tempt to lead a life of fashion ; and we have no account of
her being present at any scene of gayety and pleasure. Li
this connection we desire to quote a sentence from her letter
of May 14, 1804, in which she says, —

" You wish mj dear Sister to know whether mj pension would be
affected by his (the King's) death ; I much fear that it would, as it
would of course cease ; and its renewal would depend upon the whim
of his Successor, who at present shows no disposition to respect the
wishes of his Father, and with whom I have no interest."

To have been the " handsomest Woman in England," and
to have had no " interest" with the Prince of Wales, after-
wards George IV., is an unpremeditated testimonial to her
purity of character, which only the readers of Huish and
similar works can fully appreciate.

In March, 1785, we hear that she was all day with her
brother going around the London shops, so as to give her
advice in the selection of a set of china for her sister, Mrs.
Edward Burd.

In a note to page 147 of the " Life of Peter Van Schaack,"
by Henry C. Van Schaak, a notable scene is thus described :

" In one of Mr. Van Schaack's visits to the Abbey, some time after
Arnold's treason, his musings were interrupted by the entrance of a
gentleman, accompanied by a lady. It was General Arnold and the lady
was doubtless Mrs. Arnold. They passed to the cenotaph of M^jor
Andre, where they stood and conversed together. What a spectacle t
The traitor Arnold in Westminster Abbey, at the tomb of Andre, de-

lAft of Margaret Shippm, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 166

liberately perusiiig the monumental inscription, which will transmit to
future ages his own infamy."

In earlier life her affection for her parents and kindred
had been one of the most noticeable traits of Margaret
Shippen's character. In later years her principal object
and aim in life was the education and advancement of her
children, upon whom she lavished an unbounded affection.
We beg the reader's indulgence to excuse a short digression
upon this subject, after which we will resume the chrono-
logical thread of her story.

Margaret Arnold had five children who survived her, viz. :

Edward Shippbn Arnold, bom March 19, 1780; died
December 17, 1818.

Jambs Robertson Arnold, bom August 28, 1781 ; died
December 27, 1854.

Sophia, bom July 28, 1785 ; married to Colonel Pownall
Phipps, April 17, 1818; died June 28, 1828.

Qborgb Arnold, bom September 5, 1787 ; died Novem-
ber 1, 1828.

William Fitch Arnold, born June 25, 1798 ; died No-
vember 7, 1846.

In addition to the above-named she had two children, a
son and a daughter, who died in infancy.

Of her children she thus speaks in her letters :

''June 20, 1792 ; I am extremely anxious to place the little money
that we have reseryed for my Children, to the greatest advantage, in
order to give them a good education, which in this country is attended
with great expence, and to secure them sufficient to keep them from
want, should any accident happen to us. Will you, my dear Sir, give
me your adyice and Assistance to effect this desirable end ; which would
take from me a load, which has long oppressed me. The greatest part of
our Income being dependent on our liyes, would make our deaths severely
felt by my children ; and until I know that in case of such an event,
they would be secured from Beggary and absolute dependence, I cannot
know tranquility. ... If you would have the goodness to undertake
the business for me and my Children, I would leave it entirely to your
management, and you would relieve a heart, anxiously and tenderly
solicitous for the future welfare of those so dear to it."

166 life of Margaret Shippeny Wife of Benedict Arnold.

On May 20, 1797, she says :

''I could be contented in a very humble retired situation ; but to see
my Children's rising prospects blasted, would fill me with the keenest
anguish."

On February 6, 1800, she writes to her father, —

''I am about experiencing a very severe trial in the separation from
my beloyed Edward who goes this Spring to India in the Engineer line.
• . . James is yeiy eligibly situated at Gibraltar. . . .

** I feel myself my dear Sir, particularly blessed in my Children ; and
can with truth assure you, that neither of these young men have ever
given me a moment's uneasiness, from any misconduct of any kind.
My dear Girl is better than she has been ; nothing but the most unre-
mitting attention has saved her life."

About the close of the year 1801 she says, —

'* Among the greatest of which (i.e. Blessings) is the uncommon excel-
lence of my Children the partiality natural to a Parent may lead you to
suppose that mine influences me in my fovorable opinion of them ; but
when I assert that two of my Sons have arrived at the age of manhood,
without having by any misconduct, given me an hour's uneasiness ; and
that my third Son is exactly treading in their steps, you will not think it
a vain boast when I do justice to their worth. And my dear girl is in
point of disposition, temper, rectitude of conduct, A goodness all that a
fond Mother can wish her, with a pleasing person, and cultivated and
well regulated mind."

On June 2, 1802, she says, " Indeed I am much blessed in
my children."

On June 6, 1808, she writes, —

'* My boys are getting on as well as I could expect I am highly
delighted with the College in which I had the good fortune to get George
placed, and he has distinguished himself there in a way to induce the
(Governor to send me the most flattering reports of his conduct."

On July 27, 1808, she writes, " The excellence of my
children is a never-failing source of delight to me."

On May 14, 1804, she writes, —

** I have every comfort necessary to my situation, for which I am in-
debted to the great liberality of the best Sons in the world, who con-

lAft of Margaret Stdppen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 167

tribute their little mite to render me so. . . . My dear Qeorge will
leave me, for India in a few weeks ; he will go under many advantages,
and my situation greatly reconciles me to his going. My beloved Ed-
ward has been a sharer in the honor of all those brilliant victories in
India, obtained by General Lake, and as a cavalry Officer was exposed
to great danger, which Qod be praised he escaped, except a wind wound,
which much bruised his arm, and his hone touched in many places. I
trust his conduct will lead to something advantageous to himself, as
Qenl. Lake, after the action, gave him a Cometxj in an old Eegt. of
the King's Dragoons for G^rge, who would probably have been a lieu-
tenant by the time he arrived, with pay and emoluments of £540 pr. an.
But I am this day going to send on his resignation of it, by the advice
of all my Mends ; the Company's service being preferable, as attended
with more permanent advantages. My dearest James is Stationary Com-
manding Engineer at Barbadoes, as well as Adjutant which gives him
many advantages, particularly most capital quarters, immediately over
the Sea, a circumstance of infinite importance to his health. Nothing
can be going on better than all my Children, and you do not know how
high their characters stand."

In concluding this branch of our subject we wish to
remark that the children of Margaret Arnold were faithful
to every trust confided to them, and lived irreproachable
lives ; surely deriving those good qualities, which were so
conspicuous in them, from the mother who bore and reared
them.

Resuming now the story of Mrs. Arnold's own life, we
find that in a few years from his arrival in England Arnold,
with the object of increasing his means, had entered into
trading speculations which led him far away from her. On
March 6, 1786, Mrs. Arnold wrote to her father as follows :

" I am still in the most unhappy state of suspense respecting the
(j^eral, not haying heard from him since the account of his Ships being
lost ... I assure you my dear Papa, I find it necessary to summon all
my Philosophy to my aid, to support myself under my present situation.
Separated firom, and anxious for the fiite, of the best of Husbands, torn
^m almost every body that is dear to me, harassed with a troublesome
and expensiye Lawsuit, having all the General's business to transact,
and feeling that I am in a strange Country, without a creature near me
that is really interested in my fiite, you will not wonder if I am
unhappy,"

168 Uife of Margaret Shippm, Wife of Benedict Arnold.

In 1787 she accompanied her husband to St Johns, N.
B., whence she wrote on June 80, 1788 :

*< I am much gratified by your earnest solicitations for me to pay you
a visit, and hope to accomplish so desirable an event in the Fall. Inde-
pendent of the happiness it will afibrd me, I feel it a duty to make every
exertion to comply with the wishes of Parents, for whom I feel the
highest respect and tenderest afiection. Yet my pleasure will not be
unaccompanied by pain ; as when I leave you, I shall probably bid you
adieu forever. Many disagreeable, and some fovorable circumstances,
will, I imagine, fix me forever in England, upon my return to it"

In August, 1788, she wrote that her visit would probably
be made in October, but it was delayed until the following
year; for on November 16, 1789, Edward Burd wrote as
follows to Jasper Yeates :

<< We have received an account of Mrs. Arnold's Arrival at New York
tho' no Letters have been received firom her. The vessel she came in, ye
papers say run ashore, but I suppose must have got off, or she would not
have been in New York. I understand she has brought a child with her.
Her friends will be extremely rejoiced to see her, as she was exceedingly
beloved for her many good qualities."

She arrived in Philadelphia prior to December 8, 1789,
staying with her father until her departure for St John's on
April 26, 1790. The accounts of the nature of her recep-
tion in Philadelphia are conflicting : we quote the following
passage from Sabine's "American* Loyalists," page 179,
edition of 1864 :

''She came once to her natiye land. Her visit is mentioned in a let-
ter dated at Philadelphia in January 1790. The writer remarks, that
she had been there six months, and intended to stay the remainder of
the winter ; that 'she is handsome and a woman/ that out of respect
to her feimily, many warm Whigs had been to see her, though the com-
mon opinion was, that, as her presence placed her friends in a painfbl
position, she would have shown more feeling by staying away. I learn
from another source, that she was treated with so much coldness and
neglect, even by those who had most encouraged her ill-starred marriage,
that her feelings were continually wounded. She never could come
again."

lAfe of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 169

We think the assertion that the coldness and neglect of
her former friends prevented any further visits from her
cannot be sustained ; for in her letter of June 80, 1788, she
had spoken of her intended visit as a final one. The truth
seems to be, that though some who formerly professed great
friendship for her treated her coolly, yet there were others
who welcomed her as kindly as ever they had done in days
gone by. In a letter from St. Johns to her sister on July
5, 1790, Mrs. Arnold says, —

<' How difficult iB it to know what will contribnte to our happineis in
this life ; I had hoped that by paying my beloved friends a last visit, I
should insure to myself some portion of it^ bi\t I find it far otherwise.
The afiectionate attention of my friends, has greatly increased my love
for them, and of course my r^ret at this cruel dreadful separation I
shall never forget my dear, my beloved Sister, your tender and affec-
tionate behaviour to me, and that of my more than brother, Mr. Burd,
who has endeared himself extremely to me, and of whom I have as high
an opinion as it is possible for me to entertain of any human being.'*

She returned to England in the latter part of 1791, or the
beginning of 1792, and settled in Cavendish Square, London.

In 1792 the Earl of Lauderdale, in an address in the
House of Lords, in speaking of the conduct of the Duke
of Richmond, concluded with the words, " K apostacy could
justify promotion, he was the most fit person for that com-
mand General Arnold alone excepted."

The consequences of this remark are thus related by
Mrs. Arnold. Li a letter to her father dated June 26, 1792,
she says, —

** Should the public Papers of a few days back reach you, you will
obserye a paragraph, mentioning that Genl. A. is killed in a Duel, with
the Earl of Lauderdale. This was for some time so generally believed,
that our firiends were flocking to the house, to condole with, and make
me ofiers of service. This circumstance has given me a great deal ot
pain, as it has made known to GknL A. what I had hoped he would not
hear ; which was that Lord Lauderdale had cast some reflections on his
political Character, in the House of Lords. I am not without strong
fears that he will think it necessary to demand an apology, and re-
sent being refused one. But this is a subject, upon which of course,

170 life of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

he is, to me sileat ; and all that I can obtain from him, are Aflsaiances
that he will do nothing rashly, and withont the adrice of his friends.
Ton may readilj conceiye that my sitoation must be a very unhappy
one, till the Affiiir is settled ; but I call all my fortitude to my aid, to
prevent my sinking under it, which would unman him and prevent his
acting himself— I am perfectly silent on the subject ; for weak Woman
as I am, I would not wish to prevent what would be deemed necessary
to preserve his honor. — ^Lord Lauderdale is at present out of town, but
is expected to return in a few days."

On July 6 she writes again to her father :

'The affidr is settled most honorably for the (General, and his conduct
upon the occasion has gained him great applause. The circumstances
that gave rise to it you may wish to hear : Lord Lauderdale (who is
violent in the opposition, and was the only man in the House of Lords
who voted against an address of thanks to the King, upon a late procla-
mation), in an attack upon the Duke of Richmond, respecting the Re-
form in Parliament, is said to have used the following expressions :
* That he did not know any instance of Political Apostacy equal to the
Duke of Richmond's, except General Arnold's,' and that 'the in-
tended Encampment was designed to overawe the inhabitants of the
Kingdom, and the Metropolis in particular ; and prevent a Reform in
Parliament, that the Duke of Richmond was the most proper person he
knew of to command it. General Arnold first struck off the list'

''Upon the (General's demanding an apology for this unprovoked
attack upon his character, lus Lordship positively denied having made
use of the last expression, or any similar to it ; the fiist he a(^owl-
edged, and made a kind of apology for it ; but, it not satisfying the
General, he drew up such a one as he would accept, which his Lordship
reftised to sign.

"Lord Hawke (who is a most respectable Peer, and our particular
friend) voluntarily offered his services upon the occasion : and as the
matter could not be amicably settled, his Lordship waited upon Lord
Lauderdale, and a place was named for a meeting. The time ap-
pointed was seven o'clock on Sunday morning last — ^Mr. Charles Fox, as
second to Lord Lauderdale ; Lord Hawke, the Ctoeral's. It was agreed
that they should fire at the same time, upon a word given, which the
General did, without effect Lord L. refiised to fire, saying he had no
enmity to General Arnold. He at the same time refused making an
apology, and said the General might fire again, if he chose. This was
impossible, but the General desired Lord Hawke to tell Mr. Fox, that
he would not leave the field without satisfaction ; and that if Lord
Lauderdale persbted in his refusal of giving it to him, either by an

Lift of Margccrei Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold. 171

apology or firing again, that he ahoold be nnder the necesidty of using
sach ezpreerionB to him, as would oblige him to do the latter. Up<m
this, the seconds had a conference, daring which time Lord Lauderdale
and the Ctoeral met ; when he told his Lordship that he did not come
there to couTince the world that he dare fight, but for satisfection for
the injury done his character ; and that he certainly would not quit the
field without it. After a consultation between Lord L. & Mr. Fox, his
Lordship came forward, and said that he had no enmity to General Ar-
nold— that he did not mean to asperse lus character or wound his feel-
ings, and was sorry f<Hr what he had said. (General A. said he was
perfectly satisfied with this apology, provided the seconds, as men of
honor, declared he ought to be so, which they, without hesitation, did.
Before they left the ground, Lord Lauderdale expressed great concern at
finding that I had been made unhappy, and begged leave to wait upon
me, to make an apology. A variety of circumstances combined to
make me acquainted with the whole transaction ; what I suffered for
near a week is not to be described ; the suppression of my feelings, lest
I should unman the General, almost at last proved too much for me ;
and for some hours, my reason was despaired ot"

From this time until her death she kept up a constant
correspondence with her father and sisters in Philadelphia,
as she had formerly done.

In her letter of May 2, 1796, to her &ther, she says, —

"I am extremely impatient for the arrival of your picture, which I
hope is on its way. Tou could not have bestowed upon me a more
valued gift. Repining is useless, but it is surely a hard lot to be so
separated firom all my relations ; do not suffer absence to weaken your
affection for me, and believe that though fete has deprived me of the hap-
piness of contributing to the comfort of your latter days, I could sacrifice
almost my life to render them easy, and firee firom care and pain.''

On July 29, 1796, she says,—

<< I cannot express to you my dear Sir, the high gratification you have
afforded me, by your goodness in sending to me your valuable picture ;
the sight of it occasioned sensations I never before experienced ; and
though I scarcely had it out of my hand the whole of the day I re-
ceived it, I could not rest without getting up twice in the night to look
at it"

In her letter of May 20, 1797, to her father, she gave
an account of a piece of plate which had belonged to
" Downright" Shippen as follows :

172 Life of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold.

**l was yesterday gratified by the sight of the Cup A Cover and
Stand that was given to the fiunous Member of Parliament of our name
in the reign of G^ige the Ist. I heard of its being at a Silver Smiths,
and hoped it might be for sale ; in which case, I should have endeav-
oured to have obtained it, in exchange for some of mj most useless
plate, and have presented it to you, to whom it would have been valu-
able. I find however that it was sent by Ck>l. Labourne to be re-gilt,
who values it highly. It is very handsome; the inscription 'A
Legacy firom the Duke of Buckingham A Normandy to the worthy Mr.
Shippen.' Its weight 160 oz."

In her letter of February 5, 1800, she thus spoke of the
death of General Washington :

" I am sincerely sorry to hear of the death of General Washington.
I admired his public, and revered his private Character. I fear that
America will sustain an irreparable loss in him, as he appeared to pos-
sess the happy talent of uniting all parties.''

On May 20 she wrote her sister :

" I was very sorry to hear of General Washington's Death ; nobody
in America could revere his character more than I did."

On June 14, 1801, Arnold died, and upon his wife the
burden of settling his estate was cast After ^ving a few
small legacies, he makes the following devise to his Wife :

**Iiem, I give Devise and Bequeath to my Beloved Wife, her Heirs,
Executors and Administrators all my Estate both Eeal and Personal that
I may die possessed of, after paying my Debts and Legacies as before and
hereinafter mentioned, for her own use and benefit during her continuing
a Widow and to be disposed of among all my Children at her Death, as
she may think proper, not doubting her doing them all equal justice.
But should she Marry again. Then it is in that case, my Will and
Pleasure that all my property shall be divided among my Children upon
her second Marriage, and in that case, I hereby Give, Devise and Be-
queath all my Estate both Beal and Personal that I may have, or die
possessed of to my Children to be divided among them in such equal
proportions as my beloved Wife shall think Just and Proper, considera-
tion being had to these Sums of Money that they have already received
and that have been expended upon them for their Education, &c. And
Consideration being also had to their respective Ages and Situations in
Life, not doubting that she will do them all equal Justice as she knows it
is and has always been my intention (as my afiection has been equally
divided among them) to make an equal provision for them all.''

LAft of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 178

But it was soon found that the claims against Arnold's es-'
tate were so great as to leave but little after paying his debts.
On November 5, 1802, she writes, —

** I have been under the necefleity of parting with mj fumitare, wine,
and many other comforts provided for me by the indulgent hand of af-
fection ; and have by these sacrifices paid all ascertained debts, within a
few hundred pounds, and hope to be enabled to discharge the remainder
and to pay a part of the l^acies, provided a demand to a large amount,
made by a Swede for the detention of his Vessel, is not substantiated."

On January 5, 1803, she wrote :

''But I am very thankful for the blessings still spared me, and have
great satisfaction in informing you my dearest Sir, that my exertions in
the laborious task I have undertaken have been so &r crowned with
success ; that I have paid every ascertained debt due from the Estate of
my late lamented husband, within four or five hundred pounds, and
this I have the means of discharging. I will not attempt to describe to
you the toil it has been to me ; but may without vanity add, that few
women could have effected what I have done. And to you, my dear
Parent am I indebted for the ability to perform what I have done, as
you bestowed upon me the most useful, and best education that America
at that time afforded."

We have mentioned that Margaret Arnold was subject to
nervous attacks of an hysterical nature when under mental
excitement, and the scene at West Point is a well-known
instance of this characteristic. Major Franks said :

" In truth, she was subject to occasional paroxysms of physical in-
disposition, attended by nervous debility, during which she would give
utterance to any thing and every thing on her mind. This was a fact
well known amongst us of the Gteneral's fiEunily ; so much so as to cause
us to be scrupulous of what we told her or said within her hearing."

In later life we find her still subject to such attacks ; in
her letter of August 14, 1788, she says, —

'' I have been unwell for two days past, with an extreme headache and
slight fever, and am still confined to my room. You will perceive that
my ideas are not very clear."

In her account of Arnold's duel with Lord Lauderdale
^he says, —

174 lAft of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

' '' A variety of circnmBtances combined to make me acquainted with
the whole transaction ; what I saffered for near a week is not to be de-
scribed ; the suppression of mj feelings, lest I should unman the (Gen-
eral, almost at last proved too much for me ; and for some hours, mj
reason was despaired of."

On May 20, 1797, she wrote :

" I informed you, mj dear Sir, that I was then laboring under the effects
of a violent attack in my head, that had nearly proved fatal ; every pre-
caution has been used to prevent a return of if

She wrote on rebruary 6, 1800 :

"I shall write to my Sister soon ; my head which is too full of blood,
will not admit of my writing more than one letter at a time."

On August 16, 1801, she wrote to Edward Burd :

*' My health is impaired by long anxiety of mind, and loss of rest,
and my former strength of mind, and energy have entirely forsaken me,
and indeed I sometimes fear that my reason will give way."

In the fall of 1801 she wrote :

''My returning health and serenity of mind will I am sure my be-
loved friends, be a source of great comfort to you, and would have been
more so had you witnessed my late sufferings. It would be impossible
for me to describe them and the more so, as I am convinced my reason
was affected. I look back with thankfalness for my preservation ; — a
preservation from worse than death. — ^But indeed death itself had nearly
been the consequence of the despairing state to which I was reduced ; for
at one period, when I viewed everything through a felse medium, I &n-
cied that nothing but the sacrifice of my life would benefit my children,
for that my wretchedness embittered every moment of their lives ; and
dreadful to say, I was many times on the point of making the sacrifice.
Nothing more strongly proves to myself the deprivation of my reason ;
for situated as they are my life is most valuable to them, as the remainder
of my days will be devoted to them & their advancement & welfare."

On June 2, 1802, she wrote :

" Sometimes I have been in the de&peBt distress, and sometimes in a
state of irritation not to be described, at present I am neither one or the
other, but have a total loss of memory, as far as relates to present occur-
rences.

Lift of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 175

"... The Bill to MiaB F. has been reoeiyed. I do not know for
what porpoee I wished it Bent to me, bat belieye I requested it when I
did not know very well what I did."

On July 8, 1803, she wrote :

" I have been a great sufferer, mj beloved Sister, for the last three
years, but can thank (jk)d, though laboring under apprehensions for my-
self, restored to a perfect serenity of mind, and a degree of contentment,
that some time ago, I thought it impossible for me ever to regain."

In her forty-fourth year Margaret Arnold had reached
the critical period of a woman's life, and the changes which
then took place in her physical system affected her health
very unfavorably.

On November 2, 1808, she wrote :

" There was but little variance in the 'opinion I had already had of the
mode to be adopted, to if possible, avert the dreaded evil, a Cancer, and
I have steadily pursued the plan laid down for nearly six months. — ^I
have lately been much worse, in consequence of a very large tumor
having formed which broke and discharged an immense quantity. To
prevent another is now the great object, but I am not much encouraged
to hope for success.''

On May 14, 1804, she wrote her sister :

"I have been indeed very near death, my dear Sister, and my com-
plaints are such, as to give me but little hope of long continuing an
Inhabitant of this world. . . . My only chance is from an internal
operation, which it is at present dangerous to perform. I trust I bear this
heavy affliction with great resignation ; and I do not suffer my spirits to
overcome me."

On July 6, 1804, Daniel Coxe, whose family had been
very friendly to her, wrote to Edward Shippen as follows :

"her complaints have increased, and, I much lament, appear, from
some late and present attacks, to be coming forward to that crisis, which
must terminate, sooner or later, the existence of one of the finest women
I know. This sad reflection, my dear Sir, cannot affect you more as a
fiither, than it does me, who feel for her all the affections and interest of
a Father and Friend. . . . Tour daughter now lies on a sick bed, very
painful and alarming, not able to partake of the least exercise, such is
the nature of her complaints. I need say no more to a £ftther. I saw
her this day on her sopha, reclined and looking so ill as to shock me.
She was not able to write to you or would have done if

176 Ufe of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold.

In her last letter dated July 15, 1804, she says, —

''M7 sitoatioii ifl extremely critical, mj recovery appears greatly to
depend upon an operation, which hitherto it has been impossible to per-
form without the most imminent danger of immediately putting a period
to my life."

She had passed through many trials, and the end came on
August 24, 1804.

We think we may trust to her father's opinion of her,
written on September 17, 1804, before he knew of her de-
cease, in answer to the letter of July 5 from Daniel Coxe :

'' I am unable to express in words my sense of your unparallelled
kindness and attention to my dear daughter and her fiimily. Tou can
easily conceive my feelings in reading your friendly and foreboding
letter. Qod grant some unexpected turn may take place, altho' after
the Sentiments you express from such good authority, I have scarcely
room to expect it. I must lay my account upon the worst that can
happen : my great Ckyn\fort is that her well spent lyfe will secure her a
happy Existence hereajter,**

This is not a doting father making excuses for his erring
daughter; no, it is the statement by the chief justice of
Pennsylvania of the fact upon which he relied for conso-
lation.

Her relatives always loved her, and even as late as 1855
Sarah Burd by her will directed four diamond rings, each
of the value of one hundred and fifty dollars, to be pur-
chased for the children of Mrs. Phipps, who was Margaret
Arnold's only daughter, << as an expression of kind feeling
to Mrs. Phipps, and of the love, esteem, and high regard I
have had for her mother."

The principal trait of Margaret Shippen's character was
her loyal nature, which was shown by her intense affection
for her relatives, and especially for her children. In a letter
from James Robertson Arnold, written from Malta in 1806
to his relatives in Philadelphia, he says, —

" Although a stranger, my heart is with you. Much of the unbounded
attachment of my lamented Mother for her fiimily was instilled into her

Lift of Margaret SMpperij W\fe of Benedict AmoUL 177

children, and there is nothing to which I look forward with more
pleasure than to being with 70a once again. I do propose to visit
America a yery few years hence, if after the long period that has elapsed,
former circumstances are sufficiently obliterated to render it proper."

The conduct of her children in later years justified all
the praises that Margaret Arnold had bestowed upon them.
It seemed as if she had taught them that the only way to
atone for the fault of their father was for them to lead lives
of the strictest probity and honor.

Though Arnold had won her regard as a ^rl, and her
father (on account of her illness occasioned by his first refusal)
had given a reluctant consent to her marriage, yet her
married life was full of sorrow and trouble. There is no
doubt but that the infamy which was attached to Arnold's
name filled her with anguish. It is doubtful whether she
would ever have rejoined him against the wishes of her
relatives in Philadelphia after the treason had not the decree
of banishment deprived her of all choice in the matter.

In later years came the painful discovery that although
her happiness had been sacrificed for Arnold, yet he had
not always remained true to her. In a letter dated August
15, 1801, to Edward Burd, Mrs. Arnold says, —

'' I sometimes fear that my reason will give way. — ^My sufferings are
not of the present moment only. — ^Years of unhappiness have past, I
had cast my lot, complaints were unavailing, and you and my other
friends are ignorant of the many causes of uneasiness I haye had."

On July 6, 1803, she said :

"Report has again all but actually married my dear Sister Lea. . . .
I think was I bo happily niuaied cu she is, I should be very fearful of risk'
ing a change,*'

Another marked trait in the character of Margaret
Arnold was, that instead of being " extravagant" she was
prudent and economical. Her letters contain evidences of
this. For instance, when she wanted to get the cup given
to William Shippen for her father, her thought was not to
buy it, but to exchange some of her own plate, which she
VOL. XXV. — 12

178 lAfe of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold.

did not needy for it. In her letter from St Johns, to her
sister, asking her to purchase various articles for her, Mar-
garet Arnold speaks like a person accustomed to make
every penny tell.

On March 28, 1802, Edward Shippen wrote to her:

" I am glad 70a have taken a smaller house, A shew such a disposi-
tion to economise. . . . I never had reason to dutruet your prudence,**

In speaking of this very matter, Mrs. Arnold ^ves the
exact figures ; in her letter of January 5, 1803, she says,
" I stand at an uncommonly low rent; that and the Taxes
upon the house not exceeding £56 a year."

But we refer our readers to the correspondence, which
will be found in the Appendix, as the best means of know-
ing the excellence of her character.

CHARaES AGAINST BiRS. ARNOLD.

"We have given an account of Aaron Burr's insult to
Mrs. Arnold. Let us now consider what course Burr would
naturally adopt after he had been repulsed.

In all ages there have been attempts at seduction, but
there is one remarkable circumstance connected with un-
successful attempts, which is that the baffled seducer almost
invariably accuses the person he has injured of the perpe-
tration of a crime. The Biblical stories of Joseph and
Potiphar's wife, and Susannah and the elders, are illustrar
tions of this well-known trait of human nature. Mr. Henry
0. Van Schaack, author of the " Life of Peter Van Schaack,"
before referred to, says, in speaking of Burr :

« We have high authority for saying, that Mrs. Arnold is not the only
lady whom he (Burr) has slandered because he was repelled, and could
not accomplish his wicked purposes."

So that we have not only the probability from human
nature that Burr would make a fidse accusation against
Mrs. Arnold, but also the fiict that he did the very thing at
another time in a similar instance. But let us consider

lAfe of Moargaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold. 179

other incidents in Burr's career, related by his biographers,
as bearing upon the question whether Burr would or would
not make a fidse charge against Mrs. Arnold.

Burr obtained the charter for the Manhattan Bank by
pretending it was for a water company to supply New York
city.^

As a lawyer he would resort to any pettifogging trick to
win his case.'

Washington, distrusting his honesty, refused to Burr ac-
cess to the Archives of the government*

Henry Clay was firmly convinced that Burr had deliber-
ately lied to him when he was employed as Burr's counsel.^

In 1806 Burr forged the name of General Dearborn,
Secretary of War, to a letter setting forth that Burr's
treasonable schemes would be approved by the President.*

Furthermore, we can say that the duel with Hamilton
shows that Burr possessed a vindictive and determined
spirit; and another incident shows that he cherished the
passion for revenge to the end of his life. The pre&ce to
Davis's "Life of Burr" states: "His prejudices against
General Washington were immovable. They were formed
in the summer of 1776." And yet over fifty years later
Burr was only prevented by Davis's peremptory refiisal firom
inserting in his memoirs passages to detract firom Washing-
ton's fiune.

Assuming that Burr would make a Mse accusation
against Mrs. Arnold, let us consider what it would prob-
ably be. It was not his object to have a judicial investiga-
tion with a chance for the accused to prove her innocence.
•That was the very thing he wished to avoid. The accusa-
tion, then, must be something which would excite most
feeling against her and be most easily believed without
being proved. It was useless to accuse her of highway
robbery, burglary, or murder. In fact, there was no accusa-

» Parton, Vol. I. p. 288. « Ibid., p. 147.

• Ibid., p. 186. * Ibid., Vol. H. p. 71.

» Ibid., p. 66.

180 lift of Margaret ShippeUy Wfe of Benedict Arnold.

tion of crime which did not bear its contradiction on ita
fiice. It being ridiculous to accuse her of the actual com-
mission of any crime, the charge must be shifted to com-
plicity with crime committed by another. This at once
obviated many difficulties ; for the indignation of an injured
people was violently excited against Arnold, and to charge
her with being his accomplice would cause his (Burr's)
story to be less sharply scrutinized, while the accusation
would render her most odious to the people. Having de-
termined to accuse her of complicity with her husband,
how should the accusation be rendered most plausible. He
could not say he overheard her plotting treason before
September 25, 1780, for the reply would be. Why did you
not inform the authorities ? Thus he would be forced to
say that Mrs. Arnold afterwards made a confession. As it
would be equally his duty to inform the authorities of a
confession while it was possible to punish her, he would be
compelled to say that the confession was made to a third
party, who afterwards told him. In order to impose upon
popular credulity such person must possess certain qualifi-
cations. Such a person must be a woman in order to ren-
der the fiwjt of confession more probable. She must be at
least an acquaintance of Mrs. Arnold, and one who had met
her after the treason, that there might be time and place for
a confession. She must be intimately connected with Burr,
to account for the fact no one else has been informed of the
alleged confession; and, lastly, she must be dead at the
time the accusation was made, so that there would be no
chance of contradiction on her part. There was no person
to whom the part of having heard a confession from Mrs. •
Arnold, and afterwards repeating it to Aaron Burr, could
be more fifly assigned than to Mrs. Prevost, afterwards
Burr's wife. In order to make the alleged confession as
damaging as possible and to offiet the effect of any asser-
tions of her innocence to others, it would be necessary to
add that Mrs. Arnold ftirther confessed that her distress at
West Point was only feigned.

lAft of Margaret ShippeUj Wife of Benedict Arnold. 181

Such an accusation would be the one above all others
which Burr would prefer to have believed, for in addition
to its animus against Margaret Arnold, it would be an
attack upon both Washington and Hamilton, if they were
shown to be the dupes of a traitress. It would be the
strongest charge against Washington's character which
Davis would permit him to make ; and it would also be an
attack upon the reputation of Hamilton, the two men
whom Burr hated above all others. Having a threefold
motive for a particular accusation, we may rest assured the
accusation would be made in Burr's craftiest and most
plausible way.

As it was not possible after November, 1780, for Burr to
injure Mrs. Arnold personally j his charge of complicity with
her husband's treason could only affect her reputation;
and if he (Burr) did not publicly accuse her until after
her death, there would be no possibility of a direct denial
from her. As there was no extraneous evidence to sup-
port Burr's charge, he was not deprived of any evidence
by delay; but as death was constantiy removing witnesses
who might have been able to give testimony in fevor of the
truth. Burr's accusation became harder to refute the longer
it was delayed. So that if Burr had a fidse charge to make
m order to gratify his malice, he would probably delay it
till aft»r his death, when it would appear in his Memoirs.
But in order to disseminate the story as widely as possible
he would tell it to his friends whom he could trust, and
who would believe him without seeking for further evi-
dence, thinking that their statements might influence public
opinion.

We have shown how Burr could make up a story which
to this point would be incapable of direct contradiction, even
though it was utterly false in its most important particulars.
K Burr could assign a plausible reason why a confession
should be made, and fill in the minor details of his story
correctiy, there is no reason why a casual reader would not
implicitiy receive his account, unless Burr's bad character

182 lift of Margaret Shippeny Wife of Benedict Arnold.

in other respects would excite the suspicions of the reader
and induce an examination of the evidence.

But if he &ils to ^ve a sufficient motive why the alleged
confession should be made, or if he asserts that she con-
fessed to incidents which can be proved not to have hap-
pened, it is the strongest proof possible to be given that no
confession was made, and that the whole narrative is merely
Burr's invention.

Or if, after having related a story, the greater part of
which depends solely upon Burr's assertions, he has been
proved to have fidsified in any particular, his whole story
should be rejected.

"We will now give Burr's story as he dictated it to his
friend, Matthew L. Davis, for the purpose of publication in
his Memoirs, adding in brackets a few corrections made
necessary by the numerous errors. We quote from Vol. L
page 219, of Davis's " Memoirs of Aaron Burr :"

''In the summer of 1780/' [the only letter was dated August 16,
1779 j"] **Miyor Andre, of the British army, was in correspondence"
[one letter does not make correspondence'] ''with Mrs. Arnold, the wife
of Gtoeral Arnold, under a pretext of supplying her, from the city of
New York, with Millinery and other trifling articles. On the 28rd of
September, 1780, Miyor Andre was captored and the treason of the
general discovered. When this news reached West Point, Mrs. Arnold
became apparently, almost frantic. Her situation excited the sympathy
of some of the most distinguished officers in the American Army. Mrs.
Arnold, haying obtained from General Washington a passport, and per-
mission to join her husband in the city of New York,'' [she went direct
to her father in Philadelphia,'] ''left West Point, and on her way stopped
at the house of Mrs. Prevost, in Paramus, where she stayed one night.
On her arrival at Paramus the frantic scenes of West Point were re-
newed, and continued as long as strangers were present. Mrs. Prevost
was known as the wife" [why not say widow f She was then receiving
Burr's attentions, and was married to him on April 17th 17818,'] "of a
British officer, and connected with the royalists. In her therefore, Mrs.
Arnold could confide." [She had spent one night with Mrs, Prevost on
her way to West Point. Did she, without any necessity, cor^ess herself
guilty of a crime the punishment of which was death f] "As soon as
they were left alone, Mrs. Arnold became tranquilized, and assured Mrs.
Prevost that she was heartily sick of the theatrics she was exhibiting.

Life of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 188

She stated that she had corresponded with the British commander — **
\after the lapse qf a century the letters have not been shovm;'] ''that
she was disgusted with the American Cause and those who had the
management of public affidrs — and that, through great persuasion and
unceasing perseverance, she had ultimately brought the general into an
arrangement to surrender West Point to the British.*' [Arnold began
the correspondence over a year before he applied for the command of West
PoirU,'^ "Mrs. Arnold was a gay, accomplished, artful, and extravagant
woman." \We know she possessed^ the true spirit of wise economy,']
''There is no doubt, therefore, that for the purpose of acquiring the
means of gratifying an inordinate vanity, she contributed greatly to
the utter ruin of her husband, and thus doomed to everlasting in&my
and disgrace all the fiune he had acquired as a gallant soldier at the
sacrifice of his blood. Mrs. Prevost subsequently became the wife oi
Colonel Burr, and repeated to him these confessions of Mrs. Arnold.

"The preceding statement is confirmed by the following anecdote.
Mrs. Arnold was the daughter of Chief Justice Shippen, of Pennsyl-
vania. She was personally acquainted with Major Andre, and, it is be-
lieved, corresponded with him previous to her marriage. In the year
1779-1780, Colonel Bobert Morris resided at Springatsbury, in the
vicinity of Philadelphia, ac^'oining Bush HOI. Some time previous to
Arnold's taking command of West Point, he was an applicant for the
post. On a particular occasion Mrs. Arnold was dining at the house of
Colonel Morris. After dinner, a friend of the fiunily came in, and con-
gratulated Mrs. Arnold on a report that her husband was appointed to a
different, but more honorable command. The information affected her
so much as to produce hysteric fits. Efforts were made to convince her
that the general had been selected for a preferable station. These ex-
planations, however, to the astonishment of all present, produced no
effect.

" But after the treason of Arnold was discovered, the fiunily of Colo-
nel Morris entertained no doubt that Mrs. Arnold was privy to, if not
the n^tiator for, a surrender of West Point to the British, even before
the general had charge of the post." [ We have not been able to discover
any proof that such a statement emanated from Robert Morris or any
member of his family. But even \f it were true, it would not prove that
Mrs. Arnold was cognizant of the treason, but would show how unsafe it
would have been to confide a momentous secret to a woman whose nerves
were so little under her control,]

Davifl's " Memoirs of Burr" were published in 1886, fifty-
six years after the meeting with Margaret Arnold. The
witnesses of these occurrences were all dead except one,

184 Uft of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Migor Franks. If the accusation were true, it was greatly
weakened by the delay, which had deprived it of the corrob-
orative evidence of impartial observers. But if it was fisdse,
the delay would render any direct contradiction by witnesses
impossible with a single exception. Knowing the craftiness
of Burr's nature, we conclude that he would make the ac-
cusation at the time most &vorable for his purpose ; and if
he delayed it until witnesses were dead, it was because their
testimony would contradict his story.

We think we have clearly shown that if Aaron Burr had
determined to make a &lse accusation against Margaret
Arnold it would necessarily have been in the form in which
his charge actually appears in his Memoirs. Though its
form, as well as the time of its appearance, renders it ex-
tremely probable that the whole narrative is merely a febri-
cation of Aaron Burr, yet we will consider whether (irre-
spective of these fitcts) his story bears the impress of truth
or the marks of Msehood.

First. Is the alleged motive sufficient to account for a
confession which might cost Mrs. Arnold her life ? It was,
after three days' assertion of her innocence, << That she was
heartily sick of the theatrics she was exhibiting." As
Washington, Hamilton, Lafayette, and other officers believed
her innocent, it was not necessary to continue any " the-
atrics." Silence was all that was required. Even if she
had been guilty of treason, she would not have gratuitously
invited Mrs. Prevost's contempt by an exhibition of such
bare&ced duplicity as Burr relates. As Mrs. Arnold's pre-
vious intercourse with Mrs. Prevost was limited to the one
night Mrs. Arnold spent at Paramus on her way to West
Point, her acqucuntance could not have been intimate
enough to lead us to believe that she would confess the
secret on which her life depended. No, we cannot believe
Burr's story that Washington, Lafayette, Hamilton, and the
physician, Dr. Eustis, were all deceived by a clever piece of
acting by a woman just entering her twenty-first year, but
who was well known to them. We want a man with greater

life of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 185

veracity than Aaron Burr to induce us to believe that Mar-
garet Arnold had " corresponded" with the British com-
mander for two years without betraying herself, and would
then without any necessity risk not only her own life but
also that of her only child to tell it to the first woman she
met on her journey.

Second. In Burr's charge it is said, " She stated she had
corresponded with the British Commander/' After the
lapse of over a century, neither the letters nor references to
them have been discovered; so that statement may be set
down as false. But being in Burr's account, it would show
that there was no confession, but merely a fitbrication on
the part of Burr.

Tldrd. Burr makes assertions which are not true. For
example : " In the summer of 1780, Mtgor Andre, of the
British army, was in correspondence with Mrs. Arnold."
One letter does not make a " correspondence." The only
letter that passed between Mrs. Arnold and Andr6 was the
letter of Andr6 dated August 16, 1779.

"Mrs. Arnold became apparently, almost frantic." As
Washington, Hamilton, Lafayette, Varick, Major Franks,
and Dr. Eustis were convinced that Mrs. Arnold was hys-
terical. Burr's statement to the contrary is unworthy of
belief.

Without giving any reason for the change, another biog-
rapher of Burr has told this story with tie very material
variation of making Burr an auditor of this pretended con-
fession of Mrs. Arnold.

Perhaps it was only intended to make Burr's story more
direct and conclusive by this violation of the ethics of histori-
cal composition, but by so doing Mr. Parton has committed
the blunder of making a statement which cannot be true un-
less Burr was an accessory after the fact to the treason at
West Point

In the first volume of Parton's " Life of Burr," edition of
1864, page 125, Parton's version of Burr's charge is thus
stated:

186 lift of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

'' In September, it was Colonel Blur's fortune to witness at the house
of Mis. Prevost a memorable scene.

'' The news of Arnold's treason was flying in awful whispers over the
country. Soon after the first shock of the discovery, came touching
descriptions of Mrs. Arnold's grief at her husband's crime, of which, it
was universally believed, she had been ignorant up to the moment of his
flight from West Point The historic reader is fimiiliar with Hamilton's
high-flown narrative of the scene which transpired under his own eyes."
[He then quotes from Hamilton's letter describing the condition of Mrs.
Arnold after the discovery of the treason and continues :]

'* This was the romantic fedsehood of the affiur. It was fitted to de-
ceive the good-hearted Hamilton, who was then himself a lover, and
therefore fhll of tenderness for all women ; and the story was one which
a young gentleman of a rhetorical turn, and who indeed owed his ad-
vancement to 'the flowers of his pen,' would delight to telL It fell to
Burr's lot to become acquainted with the repulsive truth. He was sit-
ting one evening with Mrs. Prevost, when the approach of a party of
horse was heard, and soon after, a lady vailed, and attired in a riding
habit, burst into the room, and hurrying toward Mis. Prevost, was
on the point of addressing her. Seeing a gentleman present whom, in
the dim light of the apartment, she did not recognize, she paused, and
asked in an anxious tone, 'Am I safe? Is this gentleman a firiend?'
'Oh, yes,' was Mrs. Prevoet's reply, 'he is my most particular firiend.
Colonel Burr.' ' Thank Qod V exclaimed Mrs. Arnold, for she it was ;
'I've been playing the hypocrite, and I'm tired of it' She then gave
an account of the way she had deceived General Washington, Colonel
Hamilton, and the other American officers, who, she said, believed her
innocent of the treason, and had given her an escort of horse firom West
Point She made no scruple of confessing the part she had borne in the
negotiations with the British general, and declared it was she who had
induced her husband to do what he had done. She passed the night at
Paramus, taking care to resume her acting of the outraged and firantic
woman, whenever strangers were present Colonel Burr's relations with
the Shippen fiunily, of which Mrs. Arnold was a member, had been of
the most intimate character from childhood." [Aaron Burr wa» bom
February 6, 1766 ; was taken to Philadelphia in 1760, and in 1761 was
removed to Stoelbridge, Massachusetta. We haive no aocoutU that Burr met
any of the Shippen family between 1761 and the meeting at Paramue,']
"They had been his fiither's fiiends ; and the orphan boy had been taken
from his mother' s grave to their home in Philadelphia. He stood towards
this fascinating, &lse-hearted woman almost in the light of a younger
brother," \he was four years, four months, and five days older,"] "and he
kept her secret until she was past being harmed by the telling of it"

lAft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 187

Past being harmed by the telling of it ? Is it no harm
"Thus for to blot the honor of the dead?" The reader
will notice the contradictions in important particulars in
Burr's statements, as given by his two biographers. "We
know of no surer test of truth to apply to these narratives
than one made use of over eighteen hundred years ago,
when, on a certain important trial, the falsity of the testi-
mony was fiilly expressed by the words, " but their witness
agreed not together/'

But laying aside all these inconsistencies in the narrative,
and assuming that all the circumstances related extraneous
to the alleged conversation were uncontradicted, what force
would Burr's story have in such case ?

It is a characteristic of human nature to conceal one's
own wrong-doing for fear of punishment or loss of reputar
tion. When, therefore, we hear of a voluntary confession
of a crime, we either doubt the story or assume that a
motive sufficiently strong to overcome the fear of punish-
ment exists. A true repentance and remorse for crime has
thus operated, and often when a criminal is confronted with
some of the proofs of guilt he confesses all in the hope of
making his punishment lighter. But where there is no
repentance for the wrong done, no danger of discovery and
punishment apparent to the criminal, and no sufficient
motive shown, we assert that no instance in history of such
a confession can be exhibited. But there is no reason even
alleged why Margaret Arnold should volunteer the infor-
mation that she was guilty of conduct punishable with
death. She well knew the consequences, for the execution
of Boberts and Carlisle had impressed even the most care-
less.

We think the reader will agree with us that Burr's narra-
tive by itself is so unworthy of belief as to be worthless as
evidence. And when we come to this conclusion as to this
particular alleged confession, we only determine from reason
what the people of the United States have seen fit to declare
is the trtie worth of all such confessions.

188 LAft of Margaret Shipperiy W^e of Benedict Arnold.

For in Article HL, Section 8, of the Conetitntion of the
United States, it is provided that, ^^ Ifo person shall be con-
victed of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses
to the same overt act, or on confession in open court"

If such is the general rule as to confessions, even where
the character of tiie witness for truth and veracity is unim-
peached, surely no credit should be given to the statements
of a man notoriously untruthful, and who has in addition
a secret spite against the person he accuses.

But we can only see how utterly worthless this so-called
testimony of Burr is by a comparison with what would be
required to sustain a conviction for treason. We have seen
that confession out of court is worthless. If Mrs. Prevost
had been a witness of an overt act and had afterwards in-
formed Aaron Burr, his testimony to that fiwt would only
be hearsay and inadmissible. If Mrs. Prevost herself had
testified to the commission of an overt act, it would be in-
sufficient, because two witnesses are required. No matter
what the evidence is, a conviction cannot be sustained unless
the charge is made within three years of the commission of
the treason. This is because the difficulty of proving any-
thing increases so greatiy with the lapse of time that the
law does not consider it Mr that a man should be called
upon to defend himself from such a charge after three years.
What, then, shall we think of a charge made fifty-six years
after the event?

We have said that another way Burr might seek to injure
Mrs. Arnold was for him to repeat his story to his friends,
and if preserved in any diaries, these statements would seem
corroborative of his story. But if shown to ori^Jiate from
Burr, the corroboration would be only apparent, not real.
It would only be to the fact that Burr had said these things,
not that they were true.

In Stone's " Life of Brant,'' Vol. IL page 101, it is said :

''The author has long been aware, through confidential Mends of the
late Col. Borr, that Mrs. Arnold was only acting a part when she exhib-
ited her distress."

Life of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 189

In Vol. L page 746, of " New York in the Revolution,"
by Thomas Jones, it is said :

''the writer can state, that he was informed by his pasonal Mend,
the late Richard Varick De Witt of Albany, one of the most upright of
men — that Col. Varick, Arnold's aid, told him, that at first he believed
Mrs. Arnold's conduct on the discovery of the plot was the genuine result
of her innocence of her husband's treachery, but that subsequently he
was satisfied that it was nothing but a piece of splendid acting."

Assuming that this report of conversation is precisely cor-
rect, it only proves that Varick was convinced of Mrs.
Arnold's innocence as &r as her conduct came under his
own observation; but svbsequjently he altered his opinion
from something he afterwards heard.

We have no doubt but that Richard Varick was one of
the persons to whom Burr told his story subsequently y and
that the change in his opinion was due to Burr's artfully
told falsehood. As Varick was one of Arnold's iddes. Burr
would, of course, try to convince Mm that his first impression
was incorrect; and as we know the threefold motive of
Burr to try to induce Varick to change his view, we cannot
doubt but that Burr would use every effort, nor need we be
surprised if Burr were sybsequenAy successful.

But after all a falsehood did not become the truth, no
matter how many times Burr repeated it to his confidential
fiiends, and these frequent repetitions only prove how
venomously Burr hated Mrs. Arnold, "Washington, and
Hamilton.

When writers like Leake in the " Life of Lamb" and
Stone in the ^^ Life of Brant" speak of Mrs. Arnold as a
traitress on the authority of Aaron Burr, it is only Burr's
falsehood which these writers have repeated without giving
the subject an examination.

We have found no writer who attidns to the dignity of an
historian who, after consideration of the evidence on both
sides, has come to the conclusion that Mrs. Arnold was
guilty.

Li this connection we desire to quote the words of Miyor

190 lAft of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Franks when he heard of the charge made in << Burr's
Memoirs/' He was the only man living when the accusation
was publicly made who could, from his own knowledge,
testify to the occurrences at West Point in 1780. His char-
acterization of Burr's story is that it was " False ! utterly
False!"

To recapitulate, we conclude that the accusation of Burr
is fiEdse, because

First He had a motive to make such an accusation.

Second. Burr would not hesitate at falsehood.

Third. His accusation is precisely the one which he would
make if he intended to accuse her falsely.

Fourth. "We have documentary evidence that portions of
Burr's statement are not true.

Fifth. The public accusation was delayed until every wit-
ness but one was dead. That witness pronounced the charge
False! utterly False I

Sixth. Burr's accusation is in the form looked upon with
such peculiar dis&vor by the law as apt to be false, that
even tiie Constitution of the United States prevents a con-
viction for treason upon such testimony as Burr gives, no
matter how truthfiil the witnesses may be.

(To be oontinaed.)

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey^ of Perma. 191

IIBMOIES OP BRIGADIBE GENERAL JOHN LACEY,
OF PENNSYLVANIA.

(Continaed from page 18.)

Before I commence my narrative at New York, it will
be proper to recite the proceedings of the Monthly meeting
of Quakers to which by birthright I belonged. After being
visited by several Committes, and finding me inflexable a
few days before my march from Bucks County, I rec'd a
Pi^er, containing the following Order and extract from
their Minutes.

Whereas John Lacey Ju' hath had his birth and educa-
tion amongst Friends ; but hath so fax diviated from the
principles of Friends as to learn the art of War; and
having been treated with on that account, but not coming
to a sence of this error, we give forth this our Testimony
against such practices and can have no further Unity with
him as a Member of our Society untill he comes to a sence
of his Misconduct, and condems the same to the satisfaction
of Friends, which he may do is our desire for him.

(signed) Joseph Chapman, Clerk

All my officers as well as myself being total strangers in
New York, were at a loss to act, no provision having been
made for our reception, we were left to make the best shift
among total strangers we could. The Commanding officer,
called the Town M%jor, however placed us in empty Houses,
deserted by their former owners in fear of the approach of
the Enemy who were soon expected. In Broadway I ap-
pointed Ensign John Beatty, Quartermaster, having no duty
assigned us I order every Gun to be repaired & put in the
best order. On the 18*^ of April Cap' Robinson's Company
joined us & on the 14*^ we were ordered to encamp on Long

192 Memoirs of Brigadier-Gfeneral John Laeey^ of Perma.

Island uDder M%jor Housiker who had also arrived^ we en-
camped in Tents on the North end of the Island. A few
days after Cap* More's Company arrived unarmed^ and Cap*
Churches armed with Biffles, which according to the promise
of Col. Wayne ought to have heen in the hands of my Com-
pany. When Col. Wayne gave me recruiting orders, he
told me to procure as many Riffles in Bucks County as I
could, to he paid for by the Public on my joining the Regi-
ment, and that if I procured more than any of the other
Captains, my Company should be the Riffle Company, as
he intended one of the Companies of his Regiment should
be armed with Riffles. I procured upwards of twenty.
None of the other Companies a single one. The Colo* for-
geting his promise, on our arrival at Chester, the Riffles were
taken from my People and given to Capt Churches, A my
men armed with Muskets. I had used more industery to
Cloth my men than any of the other Captains, their Regi-
mentals were made in Philada. by the Taylors there mine
at Darby by my own Men & others at that place under my
own direction, and of Cloth I had procured myself, by
which means My Company was Clothed several Weeks be-
fore any of the other Companies, and thus enabled to go on to
New York so long before the others were ready to March.
Our Re^mental Coats were Deep blew faced with white,
white Vests & Overalls edged with blew Cloth. A very
beautiful uniform, but on experience was found much better
adapted for parade than utility in the hardfihips of a Camp,
as they too easily became soiled, and hard to clean.

On the 27*** of April Colo' Anth' Wayne came to New
York, I did not see him. Mtgor Housiker informed me
the Colo* ordered him to send me immediately to Darby to
pay the Board of my men, handing me a letter from Colo*
Johnston our Lieu* Colo* in these words — " immediately to
return to Darby & settle and pay for the Men's board, I had
neglected before I left that place, or my Character, which
had already suffered would sustain much damage.'' I in-
stantly left the Camp, hastened to Darby, satisfied the People

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey, of Penna. 198

the blame lay with Colo' Wayne, that he had forfeited his
word with me, and that he was the cause of the Men being
Quartered on them, as well as their not being paid. They
were satisfyed and acknowledged me to be innosent but re-
fused to take the money allowed by Act of Congress. I
made Application to the Committee of Safety, stated my
predicament, they ordered a further allowance, and I effected
a satis&ctory settlement, payed them off and returned to
long Island, which I reached on the 11*** of May. Five of
the Companies were still there, with Lieut Colo* Johnston
A M%jor Housiker — ^Robinsons, mine A Churches were gone
to Canada with Colo* Wayne. He had taken his Pett Cap*
Moore with him to Command my Company, leaving his
Unarmed, with the other four Companies to follow as soon
as they procure arms. Colo* Johnston informed me Colo*
Wayne had left orders that I was to take charge of Moors
Company untill we overtook them. Agreeably to this
arbitrary mandate I remained here to the 22"^ during which
My mind was continually harrowed up to the highest pitch
of Mortification, by repeated accounts from Albany that
my Company was deserting, that they had refused to March
under Cap* Moore, that numbers under Guard A twenty
absent at one time, of which I informed Colo* Johnston,
who consulted with Gen. Green, then Commanding officer
on long Island. He directed him to send me after my
Company, gave me a letter to Colo* Wayne stating the
reasons for his sending me, and that it was by order of Gkn*
Green. No time was lost, having no baggage to get ready
or to incommode me, my Chest A Cloths were gone on with
the Comp^ taken by Lieut Smith. Lnbarked in a Vessel at
New York for Albany, with Lieut* Alexander A McClintie,
Ensign Vamum A Doct' Mouse, mate to our Regiment;
Alexander, McClintie A Vamum, belonged to Robinson A
Church's Companies, had been left behind when these Com-
panies marched from long Island. Altho we made use of
every effort, by land and water we did not come up with
the Troops untill the 80***, who lay about half way between
VOL. XXV. — 13

194 Memoirs of Briffodier-Chneral John Lacej/y of Penna.

Crown Point & Sent Johns, encamped on the west side of
lake Champlain. After we came to Albany we marched to
Port Gteorge at the southerly end of the lake of the same
name, crossed that lake in batteans, taking my torn at the
Oars, hour about, passed a landing place of about a mile
and a half to Lake Champlain, continued our course in the
same kind of Vessel down that lake with a Company of
Indians from Ticonderoga, by Crown point The wind
being a Head the last day the Troops under Gen' Sullivan
going to Reinforce Gen' Thompson & Arnold in Canada,
did not venture out, but lay encamped on the shore, by
which means, we overhalled them. I waited on Colo'
Wayne, gave him Johnston's Letter, and related the cause
of my following the Company A refered him to the letter
from Colo' Johnston. Next morning, May 81'*, there was
a fine & fidr wind down the Lake, orders were given for the
Troops to embark. On the beat of the General the Tents
were instantly struck, and the Troops hurryed into the
Batteaus. I was invited by Colo' Wayne to take a passage
in his boat.

The Boats were soon under way. Prom the best calcu-
lation I could make, there were about two Hundred Ves-
sels, Tents were hoisted for sales. Col' Waynes Division
leading the Van, the whole made a most formidable and
beautifrd appearance— I presume, something like the Gretion
Fleet going to the Seage of Troy — ^having a brisk and fair
wind went rapidly on, but did not reach sent Johns till after
dark, having saled upward of Eighty miles. Next Day
being the first of June, it rained very hard ; lay in our
Tents all day, the rain continued all night and untill ten
o'clock next Morning, and the ground we encamped on
being leavil retained the water, we all had got a good soak-
ing. The return of the Sun was a welcome Priend — our
Camp was on the low Ground near Port sent Johns, about
sixteen miles below the Isle aux Noix at the head, or what
is called the enterence of the River Sorell. At S* Johns
the Current of the water is strong but not rapid, it gradu-

Memoirs of Brigadier-Greneral John Lo/cey^ of Penncu 195

ally increas untill it arives to the head of the Bapids, about
three miles below, from whence to Chamblee about the
same distance it is a swift rapid, meeting a west branch of
nearly the same seize, when the water becomes almost sta-
tionary, admitting large Yes^ls to sail up and down the
sent Lawrence Biver. On the third the Troops marched by
land to Chamblee about six miles, excepting a few to Man
the Boats. I went in one of them, down the Bapids to
Chamblee ; we had a very swift Passage, and the good for-
tune to have none of the Boats cast away, as is sometimes
the case on striking the Bocks when they are stove to
pieces. On our arival at Chamblee, the Troops re-entered
the Batteaus, and reached the Mouth or Junction of that
Biver with the 8* Lawrence in the evening. Encamped on
a beautiful level k sandy piece of Ground on the south east
fork of these Bivers in froont of the sent Lawrence.

On the second of June while the Troops lay at sent
Johns I rec* the following note from CoP "Wayne—

"Sent Johkb 2»* June 1776.
" Its Colo' Wayne's Orders that Captain Moore continues
to Command Capt Lacey's Company untill such time as
Ci^t Moores arives. The Colonel at the same time disap-
proves of Capt Lacey's Conduct in proceeding without Cap*
Moores People which was Contreary to Orders, yet he will
pass it over with impunity as he is Contious that Capt
Lacey was only anxious to be at the field of Action, and did
not intentionally disobey Commands — ^he therefore requests
Capt Lacey to Act as a Volunteer Continuing his Bank
untill the arival of Cap* Moores Company.

"Anth^ Wayne,
''CoV 4f^ Fenn^ RegV

This was a Thunder Bolt, I had not foreseen nor expected,
therefore taken by surprise, an Electricity that Vibrated
through every nerve. Litirely among strangers, not a Con-
fident, or a friend to consult with, Lieut Smith k Ensign

196 Memoirs of BrigacUer-Gfeneral John Lacey^ of Pmna.

Beaty were already so Humbled by Colo* Wayne's tyranical
and Haughty Treatment, were Completely Silenced. I had
not an advocate, nor even a single Person who even semed
inclined to advise me what to do. I resolved to wait on the
Colo^ to know his reasons for this Order; his answer was —
" It was his Orders A they should be obeyed." I reminded
him that I had Lieut Colo' Johnston's Orders to Follow my
Company, and that he had first consulted with Gten\ Green,
who advised him to send me, and that my motives were
pure and laudable, and my conduct excited by the best in-
tentions. That, being an elder Capt. to Moore, to have my
Comp^ given him in my presence, to act as a mere Volun-
teer, without any Command, or indeed to be commanded
myself by a Junior officer — ^having committed no offences,
and contious of having committed no breach of Orders,
was uigust. That if titere was blame it lay with Lieut.
Colo' Johnston, without his permition I should not have
followed the Company, and that I could not conceive my
conduct any way reprehensible believing my motives most
concienciously to be innocent I looked upon myself highly
degraded and injured, and beged the Colo' to reconsider his
Order ; that if I was guilty of a breach of Orders, I ought
in Justice to be first convicted before I was so severely
punished. All I could say had no avail the Colo' was
inflexable.

However a Man may cloth himself with Tyroney, and
lord it over others, a secret sting will still rest on his con-
tience, and his mind must condemn his Conduct Sensible
of this Feeling the Colo'* mind condemned his actions, and
to smooth it over invited me to a Dinner he had ordered in
the vicinity of the Camp, by sending me the following note.

Colo' Wayne's best Compliments waits on Capt* Lacey,
begs the favour of his dining with him on a Boasted Pig at
2*Clk this afternoon by the edge of the woods.
To Capt. Laoky,
Present

Memoirs of BrigaSer-Ghneral John Laoey, of Penna. 197

I thought it most advisable to accept the Colo^ invitation ;
the Pig was well Cooked and very nice ; but I felt such a
load of Degradation, of injured innocence, of the purest
Motives of Patriotism, such a deadly blow to all my future
hopes of Comfort or preferment under such an Absolute,
such a Tyrent and Partial Commander, I had no appetite,
nor could I eradicate the Ponderous load that hung upon
my mind, dejection and dispidr was evidently visible in my
Countenance. Having embarked at the resk of my Life to
oppose a foreign Tyrent, and, then meeting an implacable
one at Home, my mind was inextricably enthralled.

On our arrival at the Mouth of the Sorrell Biver, I waited
on Gen* Sullivan, who had gone there before us. Show*
Colo* Wayne's Order. He gave me fiair promises, and
assured me he would settle all differences between the
Colo* and me, and he would see I had Justice done me. On
the next Day the 5*** of June the Gen* sent for me and or-
dered me express with letters to Gkn* Arnold at Montreall.
A Post Chais or rather a common Chair without a Top —
what they call in Canada a Callash — stood at the Door of
the General's quarters. The letters were handed me by one
of the Gen** Aids, with some hard money to pay the drivers
at the end of each stage, and gave me verbal instructions
how to proceed. I instantly jumped into the Carriall, to
which was Geered a small Chunk of a Horse ; the Coach-
man drove off in ftiU speed up the East side of the Sorrell
River. We left Head Quarters about four *clock, and after
two changes arived within six miles of Chamblee, having
travelled all night. Crossed the river in a boat, persuid my
course on foot to Lapraree and came to Montreall about
twelve o clock, delivered my letters to Gen* Arnold, with
whome I dined. In passing up the River Sorrell I had an
agreeable and fine prospect of the lycasent Country. On
the margen of the River and as fitr back into the Country
as I could see the soil appeared to be of a Sandy loome &
very Fertile, the banks and for some distance as far as I
could see the land lay a considerable bight above the Water

198 Memoirs of Brigadier-Ghieral John Lacej/y of Permou

in the River, but very level. Some of my Drivers could
speak English, who informed me that back from the river
their were a great body of swamp and Marshy Ground, and
the Country uninhabited ; along the bank and Margen of
the River, the Villages seme to unite with each other, so
that it might almost be ssdd to be a string of Villages from
the Chamblee to the mouth or Junction of the Sorrell with
the St Lawrence.

At every Cross Road or vicinity of a Church, of which
there appeared not a few, — ^to each was erected a Cross or
Crusifix atteached to a large post fixed in the ground ; as
we passed each my driver never failed to pull off his Hat,
and make a low bow as he sat in our Carryall, turning his
Face toward it, muttering at the same time a few words in
French, I did not understand. I could not help reflecting
on the Prejudice of Education on seeing these poor and
ignorent Canadians so adroit in their devotion to these
inanimate Posts of "Wood.

About four o^clock the same day, June 6"*, I received
other Letters from Gen' Arnold to Gen' Sullivan at the
Sorrell. The Q^n' ordered five men to accompany me, in a
large Connoe. We hoisted a Blanket for a sail, having a
fine fair A easy Wind down the River, untiU we came to
Lapraree, where we ware overtaken by a Squall of Wind k
Rain. Steared for the shore, expecting every moment to
be oversat, the waves runing like littie Mountains. We
were afraid to take down our sail, kep nearly before the
Wind so as to make the first land in our course. Luckely
we maid out to reach the land, but the instant our Connoe
struck she sunk, fortunately for us the Water being shole
we reeched the shore in safety. Being thus cast away on
an Enemies Country, concieved it unsafe to apply to the
Lihabitants for assistance, as none of us could speak a word
of French, even if they were disposed to assist us, we could
not make them understand what we wanted. Providentially,
however, we discovered a Battau on the shore near the place
where we landed, which we suppose had been either found

Memoirs of Brigadier-Ghneral John Laceyy of Perma. 199

adrift or stolen by the Inhabitants and drawn out of the
Water; it proved to be a good one with four Ores in it.
After considerable efforts we lanched her into the River;
the wind and storm abating, got her under way, altho the
Waves were still in tremendious adjitation, and our new
Vessel very leaky, continued our course down the River all
night. In the morning the Wind shifted ; being ahead we
had hard roing. Having no Provision with us we landed
on one of the Islands, of which the S^ Laurence abounds,
got plenty of Bread and Milk of one of the Inhabitants,
whome I offered Paper Money, but the Mistress of the
House— the man not appearing — refused to take it, saying
No Bom^ I then paid her in Specie, when she seemed to
be quite overjoyed, brought us more bread & Milk, and
as well as she could invited us to Eat. We reentered
our Boat and after hard rowing reached the Mouth of
the Sorrell River about 10 o'Clock and delivered my
letters to Gen* Sullivan — ^having started precisely at 4
o'clock P.M. on the 6*** went to Montreall, — said to be 46
miles by Water, but more by land— delivered dispatches to
Gen' Arnold, received other from him and returned to Sul-
livan's Head Quarters, at the Mouth of the Sorrell, and de-
livered despatches from Q^n* Arnold to Getf Sullivan by 10
•Clk A.M. of the 7**", having performed the Toor in less
than 2 Days. Travelled on foot from River Sorrel near
Chamblee to lapraree opposite Montreall on the south side
of the River S^ Laurence about 15 miles — ^the Road from
the Sorrell to Lapraree was tolerably good, but swampy, was
Coswaid in many places — ^here and there a habitation and
improvement — ^the People appearing to live very poor — ^the
Land level and broken by reason of the swamps, those parts
laying above the Water appeared fertile & very I^atural to
Grass, and producing Strawberries in abundance. On my
arrival at the Sorrell I found the Pennsy* Troops had gone
down the S* Laurence, left this place the day before to rein-
force Gen* Thompson A Colo* St. Clear, opposite the three
Rivers, where the Enemy from Quebec had landed and

200 Manoirs of Brigadier-Qeneral John Lacej/y of Perma.

erected fortifications. Gterf Sullivan rec* me very Cordially,
commended me for the expedition I had made, and advised
me to stay with him, that in a few days he should join the
Armey below or they would return, when he would have the
matter with Colo* "Wayne adjusted. I accepted his advice,
and was determined not to Join Colo* Wayne again, untill
something more satisfieu^ry took place between us.

June 8***, last night Gen' Sullivan rec* a letter from Gen
Thompson advising him, that he proposed to attack the
Enemy at the three Rivers by surprise, with his whole body
this Morning. The river at this place was very wide, called
lake sent Peters. The Armey was to cross over in Bat-
teaus, land above the three Bivers and attack the Enemy at
Daylight — ^Early in the Morning we heard firing down the
Biver, which we supposed to be the attack on the Enemy
according to Q^n* Thompson's Letter. It was however,
broaken and at intervils not like a General charge. We
waited all this day in suspence without a word of inteligence
from the Armey. On the morning of the 9**" we again heard
the report of Cannon, tho singly, & soon discontinued. About
10 •'Clk A.M. the Batteaus of the Armey came in sight.
In great anxiety we all hastned to the edge of the Biver to
meet the Batteaus, but was sadly mortifyed to find Our
Armey had been defeated. That the Batteaus which trans-
ported over the Armey being cut off by the E"*^ from the
Troops who lost their way came up by detachment to the
Enemies batteries, were driven back, finding the Enemy in
Possession of the place where the Batteaus were left, took
to the "Woods and Swamps. Major Woods who was left in
Command of the Batteaus and Baggage, found himself cut
off from the American Armey and discovering two of the
Enemies Frigates under way ordered the Batteaus to push
up the Biver. Having proceeded some distance & night
coming on he halted with an expectation to meet with our
Armey, on their retreat where he remained till morning.
The Ships of War Major Wood discovered under way the
Day before, had entered lake S* Peters, nearly abreast of

Memoirs of Brigadier-Gkneral John JLacey^ of Penna. 201

the BatteauB — ^finding himself in this precarious situation
he ordered those in the Batteaus to proceed directly with
them to the Mouth of the Sorrell — about 45 miles — with
all possible dispatch, thus abandening the Armey, to make
the best of their way, through horrid Swamps, up the
North side of the River.

On the 10** by Order of Gten* Sullivan crossed the Eiver
S* Lawrence to the North side with a Scout of Ten Biffler
men & Lieu* Bead, to proceed down the S* Lawrence untill
we met the Betreating Armey. Proceeded through most
Horrid Swamps, were almost devoured by Muskeetoes of a
Monsterous seize and innumerable numbers, came into a
very indifferent and Swampy Boad, not meeting with a
single habitation, which we followed untill after Dark, when
we luckely fell in with the leading detachment under Cap*
Smith of the 6*** Pennsy* Be^ment, with whome we re-
turned leaving two of our men to direct those in the Bear
the Bout to the mouth of the Sorrell. The troops being so
scattered, they did not arrive untill the latter part or even-
ing of the next Day. On the 12*** of June, threw up a
Breast Work of Sand in front of our encampment. Keeping
a look out for the Enemy, who were duly waiting for a fidr
wind to their heavy Vessels up the Bapids into lake St.
Peters, the only obstruction in their way here, and even up
to Montreall. On the IS** a Flag arrived from Gten* Carlton
with letters from Gen* Thompson & Colo* Ervine of the 6***
Penny* Begiment, who were taken Prisoners, advising they
were used well by Gten* Carlton. According to Beport our
loss was upward of three hundred missing, as very few
were either killed or wounded at the three Bivers — ^it was
presumed they were generally taken Prisoners. It appeared
17 were missing from my Com^ who according to Lieut.
Smiths ace* must all be Prisoners as the Comp^ never came
in reach of the Enemies Muskets, and that the Yallient
Cap* Moore ran at the first fire of the Enemies Cannon,
without returning a shot, being at too great a distance for
the fire of Muskets to do any execution. On the night of

202 Memoirs of BrigcuUer-Ghneral John Lace^j of Penna.

the 13*** a Council of War was held at Gten* Sullivans Head
Quarters, at which it was decided that it was advisable for
the whole of the American Armey to evacuate Canada,
and to consentor and make a stand at Ticonderoga. On the
morning of the Fourteenth orders were given to retreat.
The Baggage and stores of the Armey were hurryed into
the Batteaus, and the whole proceeded up the Biver towards
Chamblee. The wind light or contrary we did not reach
the place untill the 16*** altho. no halt was made by Day or
night The Armey marched by land keeping about three
miles behind the Fleet of Batteaus — ^when we came to
Chamblee, a number of Canadien Carts were procured,
some drawn by Horses & some by Men, the Baggage and
many of the Batteaus were hauled up to a place called point
dispare at the Head of the Bapids, about three miles, where
the Boats were unloaded, and again lanched into their
proper Eliment — some of the Batteaus were drawn up the
Bapids with long Ropes, the men drawing on the shore,
some in the Vessel with long poles to keep it in Deep Water,
the Men often up to their armpits in Water. I continued
with the Boats in all the Bussel, which never seased all
night and continued two Days. From point dispair we had
to stem a heavy Current, tho not swift about three Miles to
S* Johns. We were several times alarmed by a report of
the approach of the Enemy, which turned out on our good
Fortune to be Falls alarms. About 4 •Clock on the afternoon
of the 17*** left St Johns in a Batteau for the fele Aux Noix
with Ensigne Vamum and Doc** Mouse, with about 25 sol-
diers to row the Batteau, being very heavy laden with Can-
non Ball, and other Baggage, did not reach that Island
until next Morning almost weried to Death— the men began
to Sicken very fast. On the 19*** the remainder of the
Armey came in Batteaus & landed on the Island — ^as the
rear of the Armey left Sant Johns the Enemies Van ap-
peared. On the 20*** the greater part of our Batteaus with two
Thousand sick & Invaleeds left this Island for Crown Point
— ^among them were Lieu* Smith and Ensign Beaty. The

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey^ of Penna. 208

Batteaos heavy loaded with stores k Baggage. I chose to
remain still having good health — ^the Batteaos were to re-
turn for the remainder of the Armey, as they could not all
go, not having a sufficient number to transport them and
the Baggage k Stores of the Armey at the same time. "We
were perfectly safe here, and likely to remain so for some
^ time, having distroyed all the Craft we could not get up the
Bapids at the Village of Chamblee— the Enemy not having
any to follow us — ^had no way to persue us by Water, untill
they built others which would take them some time to ac-
complish. Eleven soldiers and two officers dyed yesterday
— ^having only a Blanket each for his Coffin, and all con-
signed to one grave.

This Island is surrounded with lake "Water, apparently
stationary. The Shores on the Main appearing to lay low
and marshey, grown up with Shrubs and swamp timber.
The Island itself is low-level but drie and clear Timber ; but
what I conceive renders it unhealthy is a white Scum on the
Face of the Water in the morning, which is driven by the
Bippling of the Water on the shores of the Island, which
by the middle of the Day becomes Peutrified by the heat
of the Sun, and is very offensive to the smell. The Armey
was divided into two Divisions — ^the New England k New
York Troops occupyed the Eastern part of the Island, and the
Jersey and Pennsylvania Troops encamped on the Western
part On the 22'* our Scout or rather look out party from
toward Sent Johns sent word the Enemys whole or great
part of his Armey had arrived at that place, but we did not
apprehend ourselves in any present danger.

Having nothing to do, curiosity led me to visit the New
England Camp — ^here my Peelings were indiscribable, some
men in and some out of Tents sick on the bear ground — ^in-
fected with Fluxes, Fevers, Small Pox and over run with
legions of Lice, and none but Sick to wate on one another.
My eyes never before beheld such a seen, nor do I ever de-
sire to see such another — ^the Lice and Maggots seme to vie
with each other, were creeping in Millions over the Vic-

204 Memoirs of Brigadier-Ghneral John Louxy^ of Penna.

tims ; the Doctors themselves sick or out of Medicine. The
estimation in both Camps was that 15 to 20 die daily. I
examined the Burying Ground of each Camp, found two
large holes dug in the Earth, one for each Camp — ^while
there I saw several Corps brought, carried by four Soldiers
in a blanket, one holt of each comer. On their ariving at
the pit or Grave, those next to it let go of the blanket, the
other two giving a Hoist rolled the dead body into the pit
where lay several bodies already deposited in the same way,
with no other covering but the Rags in which they dyed,
heads and points as they happened to come to the place. In
this manner the burial continued all day, as soon as the
breeth had left the unfortunate Victim, the body was thus
laid on a dirty Blanket and toted off to the silent Toom,
without a sie from a Friend or relative, or a single momer
to follow it. In the evening the dirt in front of this General
Grave, or deposit of the dead, was thrown over the Dead
bodies leaving a new space open for the next Day. This
scene of human retchedness & missery ingrossed my daily
visits. The New England & New York Camp was the
most infected with the smallpox scarcely a single one of
whome survived. The whole Armey was computed to be
about five thousand of which it could not be said more
than one third was fit for duty. Our Retreat was certainly
a wise Measure, and was well conducted.

Twelve officers of the Sixth Pennsy* Regiment impru-
dently went over to the Main on the West side of the Lake
to drink sproos Beer with a Canadian inhabitant, were sur-
prised by a party of Savages, who killed four, Tomihalked
and most inhumanly butchered & scalped them, took six
Prisoners — two only made their escape, one by being a
small distance in the Woods at the time, the other an En-
signe, was in the House of the Canadien, on the instant of
the alarm, sprang up into the loft, pulling a small ladder
aft;er him & closing a Trap Door remained undiscovered.
The affidr being in sight of our Camp, several Boats were
immediately maned & pushed over to the Canadians — the In-

Memoirs of Br^adier-Oeneral John Laceyy of Penna. 205

dians having effected their porpoBe and were gone before
they arrived — ^they however brought over the Mangled
Bodies of the four Officers.

Hitherto the rapid movements and Confusion of the
Armey on our Retreat made it impracticable to come to an
inquiry with Colo* "Wayne, but as we had in some measure
became stationary on this Iseland, and must remain so
untill the return of our Batteaus, I conceived it a favourable
time to remind the Gten\ at least if nothing else could be
done, it would be paving the way to a decision. On our
arrival at Crown Point I therefore called on Gten* Sullivan,
at his Markee. He was very civil and polite, but said in
the disorganized state of the Armey, and as our Boats were
Hourly expected, it was unadvisable to commence an enquiry
at present, but assured me, on our arrival at Crown Point,
where in all probability we should meet the other part of
the Begiment, when he would most assuredly order an
Enquiry, and that I should have full Justice done me, that
as far as he could see he apprehended the Colo' had used
his Power with too imperious a discression. I replyed that
this was not the only instance I conceived the Colo* had
injured me, and that for some unknown cause to me, I had
reason to think the Colo* had formed a strong prejudice
against me, that he had become my personal Enemy ; that
from his marked and decisive partiality I had nothing to ex-
pect in future but Hostility and unfriendly treatment, and
that on some future occasion, I might inadvertently commit
an Act, he might use to my disadvantage. Hitherto I knew
myself safe and out of the Power of his Malice. I thought
it most prudent under these Considerations to resigne my
Commission, and offered it to him. The Gten* refused to
accept it, requiring me to be satisfied an investigation should
be made as soon as possible and all matters made right.

June 24th, last night about thirty Batteaus returned from
Crown point — ^they were this morning loaded with Baggage,
Stores, Sick and Invaleads. I took my passage in one of
them biding an eternal &rewell to so hateful a place where

206 Memmrs of Brigadier-Greneral John Lac^y of Pemuu

the scenes of horror were so prevelant; but before I leave it
I must relate one Anecdote of myself. After my return
from Head Quarters on the 23"*, I invited Lieut Read and
two or three other Pennsy* Officers, my particular Friends,
to my Tent. Having reserved a few Case Bottles of good
old Spirits, I had brought in my Chest from Philad', not
knowing when it might be most wanted. I had hitherto
kep it concealed, such an article was a choice thing on the
Iseland, and very little if any to be had there. I opened my
Chest, drew out the treasure to the agreeable astonishment
of my guests. "We all sat too it in good Earnest, deter-
mined to smooth the Brows of care, and before tattoo beat-
ing were all handsomly Drunk. I remember only, that
all my Companions were first fallen, k that I was tiie last
up.

June 26***. This detachment reached the Isle of Mott last
night, about 20 miles from the Isle Oix [N'oix. In the same
Battau with me came Cap* WiUson k Doc*' Johnston of the
6*** Pennsy* Reg* and my good friend Lieut Read of the
4th. This Iseland is said to be out of what is considered
the Bounds of Canada. It is covered with Green Timber ;
the troops incamped in the Woods on the North end of the
Iseland; the weather being very hot the shade of the Trees
was a comfortable convenience and an agreeable contrast to
the peirsing rais of the Sun on the Iseland we had just left.
The men however, still continued to Dye from 8 to 10 every
Day. The Batteaus which brought us returned to bring up
the Reer of the Armey — ^those expected from Crown Point
having joined them at the Isle Oix Noix; they brought the
remnant of the Armey on the night of the 26*** to this place,
and on the 28*^ the whole embarked and started for Crown
point — ^the wind being ahead the Officers stood to the Ores
Hour about with the Men. We did not reach that place
untill the first day of July very much weried by Rowing, so
many of the men being sick, and the Head or Contrary
winds, very little or no use could be made of the Sails. On
our arrival we found Gen^ Schuyler k Gates. The Com-

Memoirs of Brigadier-Oerural John Laceyy of Penna. 207

mand of the Armey was adsmned by Gen* Gates — Schuyler
and Snllivan left us for Albany. I found Lieu* Smith k
Ensign Bealy both Sick, "We lay hear to the 9*^ — some of
the Troops had gone on to Ticonderoga six miles to the
southward at a narrow part or neck of the Lake, where the
Fort of that Name stands, which had been first built by the
French, and afterwards occupied by the British Armey.
At Crown point the Fishing in the Lake was very good,
the Soldiers caught plenty — ^here we had good water to
drink, for which we suffered much while on the Lake.

(To be continued.)

208 Bev. John Ettwdn's Notes of Travd, 1779.

EBY. JOHN BTTWEINS NOTES OP TRAVEL PROM
THE NORTH BRANCH OP THE SUSQUEHAIOTA TO
THE BEAVER RIVER, PENNSYLVANIA, 1772.

OONTBIBUTED BY JOHN W. JORDAN.

[In June of 1772, the Moravian Indian town, W^ralosing |ln Bradford
County], consiflting of a chapel and fschool-house, and fifty-two log
houses and huts, with two hundred and four men, women, and children,
was abandoned and the converts removed to Friedenstadt, on the
Beaver Biver. One-half of the converts proceeded by water to Muncy
Creek, on the west branch of the Susquehanna, where they united with
the overland division, and together continued on their westward journey.
The overland division was in charge of the Bev. John Ettwein, whose
notes of travel we print for the interesting descriptions they give of those
sections of the State through which he travelled, one hundred and
twenty-nine years ago. The original manuscript is in the Moravian
archives at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.]

Jum 11^ 1779. — After we crossed the Susquehanna at the
ford [now Sugar Run Ferry] our way led straight to the
mountains, and after proceeding two miles, we entered the
Great Swamp,* where the undergrowth was so dense that
ofttimes it was impossible to see one another at the distance
of six feet The path was frequently a blind one and yet
along it sixty head of cattle and fifty horses and colts had
to be driven, and it needed careful watch to keep them to-
gether. "We lost but one young cow from the entire herd.
Every morning however, it was necessary to send drivers
back, as far as ten miles, to whip in such as would during
the night stray o£ At our first night's encampment two
of our Indians lost themselves while in search of straying
cattle, and several hours elapsed before we could reach

^ Ettwein's course lay sonthnsonthwest through Wilmot, Terry, and
Albany Townships, Bradford County, into Cherry Township, Lycoming
County, to the watershed, in which rise sources of the Loyalsock and
Money Creeks.

Bev. John Mtwdn's Notes of Traod, 1779. 209

them with signal guns. It was daily a matter of astonish-
ment to me, that any man should presume to traverse this
swamp, and follow what is called a path. It is at least sixty
miles in diameter. On the highlands where the Loyalsock
and Muncy creeks head, it is very rocky and almost im-
passable. There were indications of abundance of ores
here. The timber is principally Sugar-maple, Lindens,
Ash, Oak and White-pine. What told on me the most, was
that several days it rained incessantly, and I was wet all day.
The path led ihiriy six times across Muncy creek. At in-
tervals here there were exceedingly rich bottoms, and the
noblest timber I have seen in America, excepting the cypress
in South Carolina and Georgia.

June 14, {Trinity Sunday). — ^We met for worship for the
first time on the journey, but the incessant lowing and
noise of the cattle, drowned all attempts at discourse and
singing.

June 15. — ^We passed from the Swamp into an extensive
and beautiful region of plains. Here the hunters in two
days shot fifteen deer, the meat of which was dried at the
fires for use on the journey.

J}me 17. — ^Met a man from the Jerseys, who on his
return home will pass through Bethlehem, and handed him
letters for home.

Jvm 18. — ^Proceeded to the West Branch, to Scoon-
hoven^s plantation, one mile above Wallis's.^

Jvne SI {Sunday). — ^Held morning and evening services.
At noon I preached at Mr. Samuel Wallis^ to from fifty to
sixty hearers, all English, some of whom had come from a
distance of twenty miles.

Jvm as. — ^We had a market day in camp. Mr. Wallis
bought of us fifi;een head of young cattie and some canoes,
others bowls, firldns, buckets, tubs and diverse iron ware. A
trader's agent smuggled some rum into the perlieus of the

^ Beading HowelPs map of 1790, notes Wallis's mill on a nm near
the West Branch, abont four miles above the mouth of Money Greek.
On the 20th the water party joined Ettwein's.
VOL. XXV. — 14

210 Bev. John Mtwdn's Notes of Travd, 1779.

camp, and when discovered, we handed the contraband to
Mr, Wallifi for safekeeping, until the trader should return.
Twenty hundred weight of flour which I had purchased was
here distributed.

Jwnz M-^4« — ^Broke up camp and moved on. Passed
the Loyalsock at the place where Count Zinzendorf visited
thirty years ago, and Lycoming creek, which marks the
boundary line of lands purchased from the Indians.^ At
both places we found white settlers. One mile above the
Lycoming stood formerly the town of Quenischaschacki
[Linden] where Nathaniel Davis has lived for six years.
He related that when our missionaries Grube and Mack
visited there [Aug. 1753], a couple of Shawanese, who were
inimical to the whites demanded Grube's surrender, in order
to murder him, that he [Davis] had replied, " the white
man is seated in my house, and there no harm should befiJl
him."

We encamped above Larry's Creek.* Here Newolike's
wife visited our Joseph [convert]; she stated that her hus-
band was ill, otherwise both of them and the &mily, would
have emigrated with us to the West.

Jvmz 25. — ^We encamped opposite Long Island.' Here
rattlesnakes seemed to hold undisputed sway, and they were
killed at all points. Not more than half an hour after our
arrival, a horse was brought in, that had been bitten in the
nose. His head swelled up frightfully, and as it rained the
remedy that had been applied &iled to take proper effect,
and the poor animal perished the next day.

Jum S6. — Today I assembled the men, told them, that we
had progressed but thirty miles during the past week, and
that if we fidled to make more rapid headway, our large
company would come to want, that it would be prudent
under these circumstances, to leave the sick woman, her
husband and their friends on the island, (for I expected her

^ At the treaty at Fort Stanwix in November, 1768.

' One mile east from Jersey Shore.

* The island in the Suaquehanna at Jersey Shore.

Bev. John Ettwdn's Notes of Traod^ 1779. 211

to die in a day or two) ; that Nathaniel Davis and his party
would come up and they could join him, and that we
would send men and fresh horses for them from Chinkla-
camoose. It was furthermore decided that the strongest
of our company should proceed in five canoes with the
baggage of the women as far a ChinMacamoose.^

June 97. — ^Arrived at Campbell's, where we met Mr. An-
derson, who dissuaded us from attempting to embark in
canoes, stating the water was too shallow for navigation.
Hereupon the canoes and sundry utensils were sold, and
some glass, nails and iron ware left here in trust It having
rained incessantly for several days, our effects were wet
through and some damaged.

June 98 {Sunday). — By request^ I preached in English to
a goodly audience of assembled settlers from the Bald
Eagle creek and the south shore of the West Branch. As
no ordained minister of the Gospel was settled in the neigh-
borhood, I was requested to baptize, and accordingly ad-
ministered the sacrament to the new bom daughter of a
Frenchman, Foumey, by name (calling her Cunigunda)
and to the son of a Catholic, Antoine White, whom I
named John.

Joshua [convert] convoked the men, and persuaded them,
(despite their yesterday^s deliberations to tiie contrary), to
carry Elizabeth [convert] who was sick, along, and also to
send lame Jonathan [convert] with a string of wampum
ahead to Langundontenink,^ Elaskaskunk,' and Gekele-
mekhpeekink.^ As they consulted neither me or Roth in
this business, we took no ferther notice of it, but it proved,
however, the beginning of diverse perplexities.

Jvne 99. — ^My fiftynaecond birthday. We set out from the
island by land, and I with several others, from this day on,

^ An Indian town on the site of Clearfield, Pennsylvania, and the
central point on the path.
' Friedenstadt, on the Beaver.
' Located in Lawrence County.
^ In Oxford Township, Tuscarawas County, OhiOr

212 Jteo. John Ettwdn's Notes of Travd, 1772.

led the caravan. Traveled fourteen miles to Beech creek,
on the path agreed on. After encampmg here, the men re-
tomed with horses to fetch up the baggage. This they did
daily, and thus were compelled to travel the road three
times.

June SO. — ^Bro. Both and wife came up from the rear
with the others, excepting Elizabeth and her friends, she
being too ill, to allow of her being carried. Thereupon I
moved on nine miles to a salt-lick. As I was in search of
Both's horse, to send it back to his camp, I trod upon a
fifteen year old rattlesnake. Such was my fright, that for
days I took every step with dread, fancying every rustling
leaf to be the movement of a venomous serpent The two
Indians with me, despatched the reptile.

Jvly 2. — Bro. Both and the others again came to the
front

July S. — ^In company of Cornelius and William [con-
verts] I advanced early in the morning. Up to this time
we had passed only through a beautiftil and fertile region of
country,^ but now our way lead across mountains. On
reaching a summit, when eight miles along, we saw the
bold peaks between the West Branch and the Juniata.
Were compelled to encamp on a dry- elevation, and to
fetch water from the foot of the mountain. A poor littie
cripple, aged ten years, a son of the late Jonas [convert] ,
whom his mother had carried all the way in a basket from
one station to another, was very weak today, and ex-
pressed the wish to be baptized. Bro. Both administered
the sacrament and named him Kathan.

Jidy 4» — ^Early today there came two Indians from Kas-
kasky, en route to Stockbridge, who I invited to break&st

^ Thus &r, on leaving the site of Lock Haven, they had pushed down
the valley of the Bald Eagle, bounded by t^e Bald Eagle Bidge to t^e
south and the Allegheny proper on the north. Now they began t^e
ascent of the latter, which is the backbone of Howard, Snowshoe,
Boggs, and Houston Townships, Centre County, a tract of broken and
wild Alpine r^on of country.

Jteo. John EttwdrCs Notes of Traml, 1772. 218

One of them spoke English fluently. In his childhood, he
had been taken by the whites prisoner, but since then
turned a complete Indian in his mode of life. We pro-
ceeded four miles into the mountains. Roth from this
point summoned to Great Island by an express. Thither
went Joshua with twelve men [converts] , to fetch up his
sick friend, and when he arrived there she was near her
end. She died on the evening of the 5th. just an hour
prior to Roth's arrival The next day he buried her.

On the evening of the 6th., Roth rejoined us in camp.

JvLy 7. — ^Moved on six miles to a spring — a heavy thun-
der storm with rain.

Jvly 8. — ^Advanced six miles to the West Moshannek^
over precipitous and ugly mountains, and through two
nasty rocky streams. In fording the second, I fell neck
deep into the water. Had it been at any other season of
the year, we could not have endured so much wading in
streams.

JvLy 9. — ^Advanced but two miles to a run in the swamp.
We were almost broken down, and those who carried the
luggage, could with difficulty climb the mountains.

Jvly 10. — ^Lay in camp, as some of our horses had strayed,
and I had to send mine back twice to the other camp.

Jvly 11. — ^We found iNTathan released from all suffering —
his death had been unobserved. Bis emaciated remdns
were interred along side of the path, and I cut his name
into a tree that overshadowed his lonely grave, and then
we moved eight miles to an old beaver-dam.

July 12 {Sunday). — ^Bro. Roth and his party came up. In
the evening we met for worship, and afterwards a collection
of com and beans, taken up for the poor.

Jvly IS. — ^Proceeded six miles to a spring, in a beautiftil
widely expanded mountain meadow. Scarcely had we en-
camped, when a frightful storm swept over us. The angry
clouds, like mountains, piled themselves up in the heavens,

^ This stream emptieB into the West Branch, between Clearfield and
Centre Counties.

214 Bev. John JSttwem's Notes of Travel^ 1779.

the lightening, like snakes of fire leaped in forked flames
over the sky, the thunder rolled like siege artillery, and the
rain came down with the sound of many waters, or the
rushing of a mighty cataract It was a war of the elements.
The tall oaks bowed before the storm, and where the timber
£dled to do obeisance, it was snapped like glass, in the grasp
of the roaring wind. My companions, to my surprise,
heeded none of this, but cut sapplings and collected bark
and built huts, which were completed, as the storm passed
over.

J\dy H. — ^Beached Clearfield creek, where the buffiJoes
formerly cleared large tracts of undergrowth, so as to give
them the appearance of cleared fields; hence the Indians
call the creek Clearfield. Here at night and next morning,
to the great joy of the hungry, nine deer were shot
Whoever shoots a deer, has for his private portion, the
skins and inwards, the meat he must bring into camp for
distribution. It proved advantageous for us not to keep so
closely together, as we had at first designed, for if the number
in camp is large, one or two deer when cut up, afforded but
a scanty morsel to each individual. So it happened that
scarce a day passed, without there being a distribution of
venison in the advance, the centre, and the rear camp. (On
the route there were one hundred and fifty deer, and but
three bears shot)

As there was a growing impatience observable among
those who were called on to aid others with their horses, to
press on, and not be detained, I spent a sleepless night.
But on

Jvly 16^ after representing the state of the case to the
dissatisfied, I felt reassured, and journeyed on with a few of
the men two miles in a pelting rain to the site of Chinklacar
moose, where we found but three huts and a few patches of
Indian com. The name signifies, "No one tarries here
willingly." ^ It may, perhaps, be traced to the circumstance,

^ Christian F. Post lodged here on his way to the Ohio ooontry in
August of 1758. It is noted on SculFs map.

Bev. John Ettwein's Notes of Tkmd, 1772. 215

that some thirty years ago an Indian resided here — (a hermit
life upon a rock) — ^who was wont to appear to the Indian
hunters in frightful shapes. Some of these too, he killed,
others he robbed of their skins, and this he did for many
years. We moved on four mUes and were obliged to wade
the river three times, here rapid and frill of ripples.

July 17. — ^Advanced only four miles to a creek, that
comes out from the north-west^ Had a narrow and stony
spot for our camp.

JvLy 18. — ^Moved on without waiting for Both and his
division, which on account of the rain had remained in
camp. Today Shebosch lost a colt from the bite of a rattle-
snake. Here we left the West Branch three miles to the
north-west up the creek, crossing it five times. Here the
path went precipitately up the mountain to the summit, to
a spring, the first waters of the Ohio.*

Jvly 19 (Sunday). — ^As yesterday, but two fiunilies kept
with me, because of the rain, but we passed a quiet day and
dried our effects. In the evening the ponkis were excessively
annoying, so that the cattle pressed towards and into our
camp, to escape their persecutors in the smoke of the fires.
This vermin is a plague to man and beast, both by day and
night But in the swamp, through which we were now
passing, their name is legion, and hence the Indians call it
Ponks-utenink i.e. " the town of the Ponkis" — The word is
equivalent to Uvin^f dust and asheSy the vermin being so small
as not to be seen, and their bite, burning hot as sparks of
fire or hot ashes. One of the converts related the following
Indian myth: that the aforecited Indian hermit and sor-
cerer, after many years having been "a terror to all Indians,
had been killed by one, who had burned his bones. The
wind blew his ashes into the swamp and they became living
things, and hence the ponkis.

^ Anderson's Creek, in Pike Township.

* Probably the Boorces of the north branch of the Mahoning, which
rises in Brady Township, Clearfield County, and empties into the Alle-
gheny, ten miles above Eittanning.

216 Bev. John Mtwem's Notes of Travd, 1772.

July SO. — ^We traveled on through the swamp, and after
five miles, crossed the path that leads from Frankstown ^ to
Goshgoshink * and two miles beyond this point, encamped
at a run [a branch of the Mahoning]. At five o'clock
p.m. came Peter, Boas and Michael, with fourteen unbap-
tized Indians from Langundontenink, to meet us, with four
horses and five bushels of Indian com. Two of them went
out to hunt, and in half an hour Michael brought in a deer
to my fire. Esther hunted up the large camp-kittle, and
soon all hands had their fill of venison and rice. That
night and the following morning, there were four deer shot
by my company.

Jvly 21. — The rear division came up, and the destitute,
viz. such as had lived solely upon meat and milk, were sup-
plied each with one pint of Indian com. We proceeded six
miles to the first creek, and camped.

Jvly 22. — ^We journeyed on four miles, to the first fork,
where a small creek, comes down from the north.

Jvly 23. — ^Again, today, four miles to the second fork — ^to
a creek coming in from the south-east

Jvly 24' — ^The path soon left the creek, over valleys and
heights to a spring. We now had left the swamp and were
free from the plague of ponkis. Huckelberries were found
in abundance, which were enjoyed. Our today's station
was five miles, and about so fer we advanced on

Jvly 25 y and encamped at a salt lick, where we kept a
reli^ous service, three miles from the large creek, which
runs in a horse shoe and which is navigable for canoes
when the water is high. It is a four days journey by water
to this point, where the Ohio is struck, whereas by land, the
point can be reached in one day. Some of our young peo-
ple went to the creek to fish, others to hunt, and at sunset
they came in with two deer and four strings of fish.

Jvly 26 (Sunday). — ^Early to day Anton [convert] Na-
thaniel Davis and others, who up to this time had brought

^ See ScuIPb map of PennBylyania, 1759.
' Located in Venango County.

Bev. John Ettwdn's Notes of Travd, 1772. 217

up the rear, came to my camp. Eoth preached in the
morning and I at evening. At this place a sufficiency of
fish were taken to supply the entire camp, large pike and
salmon, but especially a large species unknown to us all re-
sembling the sheepshead, in these parts called the Buffisklo-
fish. In place of a skull they have two small white stones
(probosis?) lying towards each other — ^the mouth resem-
bles that of a sucker, but without teeth ; instead, in the
throat, it has two pieces of bone fitting one on the other, in
form of a large shoemaker's pincers, with which it crushes
the mussels, its proper food. The meat is better than rock-
fish, and is without fins. We also took an unknown spe-
cies of tortoise, as large as a goose, with a long neck,
pointed head and eyes like a dove. The shell is hard only
along the back and below in the middle, otherwise all
around soft and liver-colored. At the creek here, we also
noticed good stone-coals.

July 27. — ^We proceeded over a long mountain to Tschach-
kat, four miles to where the path from Ligonier passes
north, then four miles over a mountsdn to a creek coming
from the south-west, and then one mile to a small run.

JviLy 28. — ^Advanced eight miles over hill and valley to a
bad spring. Here we were met by the Indians from Eas-
kaskia en route for Shemung.

JvLy 29. — ^With sunrise we were again on the way, as we
desired to day to strike the Ohio p.e. Allegheny] , and in the
evening we arrived there without mishap. For three days
the weather had been excessively warm, and we traveled over
plains and highlands where the wind and fires had wrecked
all the timber confusedly together, so that our progress was
a difficult thing. The land is mostly arable and much of it
good. The bean-grass in many places; reached up to my
horses back, and stood as thick as though it had been
sowed. We came to eight miles above Kittaning, not fitr
above Kawnntschhannink, down a very precipitous moun-
tain, (so much so that we were compelled to take off our
shoes to effect the descent), to the Ohio, which here is not

218 Bev. John Mtwein's Notes of Travel, 177S.

quite 8o broad as the Delaware at Eaaton, and scarce reached
to our horses bellies, as we forded it

July SO. — Some of the men began to make bark canoes,
in order to proceed by water with the heavy baggage, and
with the aged and the sick, and also to look out supplies in
and about Pittsburgh. To those who had £Eillen back in
the rear, we despatched horses. There was an abundance
of mussels here, of which the Indians ate plentifully. As I
had sore feet and was worn down, I determined to go on in
advance.

July 31. — ^I set out on horseback with Peter and Jacob.
(Up to this time. Both and I, as well as others, had traveled
on foot) The path led about three miles down on the
north bank of the river, then over a high mountain, and
about eight miles from the Ohio, there were extensive
plains, then succeeded good land with rich vegetation and
flowers. The country reminded me of Carolina. Having
ridden twenty-five miles, we lodged for the night with two
Indians who were out hunting. One of them gave me a
fine fiiwn. In the creek on which we camped were several
salt^rings.

August 1. — John Heckewelder met us with some Indians
and two horses. The Indians turned back with us, and
Heckewelder went on with some supplies to meet Eoth and
his division. We rode briskly the whole day, accomplishing
forty miles, and late at night entered Langundontenink
(Friedenstadt).^

The be^nning of this memorable journey was not au-
spicious, as the measles broke out The epidemic proved a
hinderance to our progress, as it attacked both adults and
children. The former had to lay by at least two or three
days, after being taken ill, and the children had to be car-
ried. Matters, however, went so well with the sick as to be
cause of surprise; all that they required was a drink made
of the large sarsaparilla, which proved efiicacious in bringing
out the erruption. The milk supplied by our cows went fiur
' Both' 8 diyiBion arrived at the town August 5.

Bev. John Ettwdn's Notes of Tr<wd, 1779. 219

toward our daily support Scarce a day passed but what we
could distribute rations^ of meat True, we heard complaints
that there was no flour, nor com, nor beans, but never did a
soul go to bed hungry. None received injury to his person,
although dangers were without number ; especially on the
West Branch, where there were rattlesnakes in abundance.
I know that upwards of fifty were killed. That peace and
unity should have prevailed was a matter of gratitude. It
is true, at times, that there were indications of the old
feeling of opposition inborn in the Mohicans towards the
Delawares, yet no contention came to our notice.

Ettwbin.

220 Last Assembly vnder Pmnsylvcmia Oomtituiion of 177 60

THE LAST OP THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY UNDER
THE PENNSYLVANIA CONSTITUTION OP 1776.

Extract from the Diary of William Bawle, Esq., one of the Members
daring its Final Session.

OONTRIBUTEB BT WILLIAM BROOKS BAWLB, ESQ.

[The Painsylyania Oonstitation of 1776 was abrogated by that of
1790, which was framed by a convention which assembled at Philadel-
phia November 24, 1789, completed its labors February 26, 1790, and
then a^jonmed that the people might examine its work. The con-
vention reassembled August 9, 1790, and formally proclaimed the new
Constitution September 2, 1790. The only appearance of Mr. Bawle
upon the stage of political life was in the last session of the General
Assembly under the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, to which he
was elected against his will, as explained in the following extract. The
only public office he was ever induced to hold was that of Attorney for
the United States for the District of Pennsylvania, which was conferred
upon him by President Washington on July 18, 1791, without solicita-
tion, and voluntarily resigned by him on May 6, 1800, in the admin-
istration of President Adams.]

A few days after writing the preceding account [October
7, 1789] I was elected very unwillingly into the General
Assemhly.

I had re&sed several applications for the purpose, unwill-
ing to desert the profitable profession of expounding, for
the sterile office of making, laws. My duties to my chil-
dren held me back from the impulses of ambition and the
pleasures of honorable distinction. It is right on account
of those children (who I wish may peruse this, and every
other manuscript I leave from which they may derive some
benefit, perhaps in example, but more I believe in precept,)
to preserve the circumstances that evince the sincerity of my
reluctance to engage in a different course of life, and to

Last Assembly under Permsyloama Constitution of 1776. 221

relinquish any part of those emoluments which I solemnly
declare were chiefly rendered desirable by my love for my
little counterparts.

Opposite tickets were circulated on the morning of the
election day and the ground appeared to be divided by con-
trary and irreconcilable interests. A conference between
the active people on either side was proposed, and different
characters were suggested without success. Colonel [Fran-
cis] Gurney and myself were finally assented as the new
members, and some gentlemen were appointed to call upon
me and to urge my acceptance of the station. My reftisal
was firm and sincere, and ihey retired with apparent regret
But before they reached the ground the circulation of the
ticket had commenced, and the success which attended it
was uniform and extraordinary. My answer was signified,
but some gentlemen thought it too late to stop the progress
of the election; others were persuaded that I would not
refiise after the choice had taken place, and others asserted
that the people having a right to the service of an individual
my reftisal ought not to avail.

Upon receiving this intelligence I was considerably dis-
quieted. The indecorum of publicly opposing it on the
ground alone restrained me from doing so, but I put up
written notices, and caused one to be inserted in the evening
paper of the day, and I prevailed on several of my friends
to attend and personally to signify the impossibility of my
serving. My papers were torn down and my fiiends were
disregarded.

I was elected.

The consequences of accepting or of reftising the seat
occupied my attention almost exclusively of every other
object for some time aft;erwards, and I at length concluded
that, however it might diminish that extraordinary popu-
larity which I was not before sensible of, I would resign a
seat conferred upon me by a sort of violence, tho* so flatter-
ing and dignifying.

I am not yet convinced that my acceptance of it was not

222 Ijost Assembly under Permsylvarda Oonstiiuiim of 1776.

less manly and less commendable that an adherence to that
determination ; but as the time of meeting approached, as
the public expectation was turned upon me, as my fiiends
urged me, as the terror of public dissatisfiix^on encreased
upon me, I gradually sunk from my resolution, and at
length, at the expence of self approbation and the risque of
professional emoluments, I took my seat.

The engagements of [William] Lewis in the Convention
have thrown much of the burthens upon me. There are
few in the present house of competency to public difficulties,
few acquainted with the higher duties of public life.

Of my performance of those duties I have many flattering
testimonials. I have enlarged the number, and I hope the
esteem, of my friends; I have extended the general knowl-
edge of my character and perhaps encreased the estimation
in which it was held. Whether I have rendered my pro-
fession less lucrative time is to determine.

I do not feel however any accessions to my stock of vanity
or pride. I sincerely declare myself abased in my own
opinion by relinquishing my determinations of reftisal,
founded as they were upon deliberate reflections.

I find I have less strength and firmness of mind than I
thought I possessed, and I have submitted to acquire public
at the expence of internal applause.

[Copy of Letter from WUUam Bawle to WUUam Lewis."]

I give way, my dear friend, to the importunities of zeal-
ous friends, and the pressure of public exigencies, and find
it impossible any longer to refiise the burthensome honor of
a seat in the house.

In so doing I resign my own sense of the conduct my
previous declarations required, and I shall join with you in
a considerable sacrifice of private interest

Sincerely yours
W. R

Oct 22d, 1789.

Last Assembly under Pennsylvania Oomtitution of 1776. 228

I wrote the above to Lewis when at laat I found that I
must take my seat

September 6th 1790.

My public fsitigues are no more.

Yesterday the members of the house agreed that the
Legislature was dissolved, and we parted in great chearful-
ness and good humor.

Li firaming the new constitution no attention appeared to
have been paid to the continuance of the Assembly. But
the necessity of an express provision was known to many of
the convention who from diflferent views concealed their
opinions, or communicated them in confidence only to par-
ticular friends, while those who would earnestly have wished
to prevent the eflFect, inadvertently omitted the measure
requisite to prevent it

Lewis and Ogden of Bucks County proposed to prevent
an adjournment to Lancaster. Slegle, the division of York
County. The thought was communicated to [Richard]
Peters and myself — but I disregarded it In the evening at
the City Tavern (where Genl. Washington, the Convention
and Assembly were entertained by the Mayor and Corpora-
tion) the subject was talked of as certain. I felt uneasy,
and withdrew to consult Lewis. He was clear in his opinion.

In the morning I had determined on a plan which met
with approbation. The house met I moved an immediate
adjournment for the purpose of consulting the Judges and
other characters in the Law. It was agreed to.

The Chief Justice [McKean] , Shippen, Wilson, Ingersol
and Wilcocks were united in opinion. Bryan would give
none. Bradford spoke with doubt

The Executive Council attended and signified their union
in the same sentiment The Speaker therefore did not
assume the chair.

Smiley openly charges a design to prevent the election for
members of Congress in October.

224 Last AssenMy under Permsylvama OonstUution of 1776.

Old Maclean insisted upon onr right to sit and make laws,
trusting that the ensuing legislature would confirm them.

A wild idea to which nobody appeared to listen.

When I look back to the unusual weight and difficulty
of my station — ^unassisted by Lewis, notwithstanding his
promises — ^unsupported by men of business, of whom there
was scarce one in the house, — ^I feel reason to rejoice at the
few mistakes I have committed.

In the business of the Comptroller Gteneral's reprimand
I was involved against my inclination. We got through it
however without much difficulty or disgrace.

My fellow citizens are earnest for me to continue to
serve, which I cannot

CIRCULAR

PRINTED IN THB NEWSPAPERS.

PHiLADELPmA, Sept 6. [1790]
Last Saturday morning the members of the late General
Assembly met at the state house : but it seeming to be the
general opinion that they could no longer act as a legisla-
tive body, the speaker did not take the chair. Having
placed Mr. Wynkoop in the chair they agree to the follow-
ing address. The unanimous thanks of the meeting were
then returned to the Hon. Bichard Peters, their late
Speaker, and an ad[joumment sine die took place.

To THE Citizens op Pennsylvania.

In the constitution, which received its public completion
on the second instant, it is established that << The legislative
power of this commonwealth shall be vested in a general
assembly, which shall consist of a senate and house of rep-
resentatives."

No provision is made, in any part of it, for the temporary
continuance of the legislative ftinctions of the house of as-
sembly : hence it has been doubted whether our powers did
not cease with the adoption of the constitution ; whether a
legislature consisting of a single house could bind the people

Last Assembly under Pennsylccmia Constitution of 1776. 226

by laws after the people had declared, that their laws should
be the act of two houses, with the sanction, under certain
regulations, of the chief executive officer. We have con-
sidered that the power vested in the late convention, was
necessarily superior to ours tho' derived from the same
source, at the same time. To them was entrusted the office
of making a new plan of government after an avowed ex-
perience of the inconveniences of the former; to us, the
task of common and necessary legislation while they were
so employed. As they were not restrained in their appoint-
ment to any time at which the government they might form
should commence in its effect, it is obvious that they were
no less masters of this circumstance, than of the different
parts and principles of which the system should be com-
posed.

T6 deny, therefore the authority of the convention to
supersede the powers we possessed would be, to dispute the
authority of the people from whom we received our powers,
and to whom we are accountable for the exercise of them.

In this peculiar situation we have not relied, altogether on
our own judgment : we have consulted with the President
and Supreme Executive Council (who are expressly con-
tinued in office) with the judges and other respectable
authorities in the profession of the law.

We have found their opinions generally to coincide with
ours. We have also contemplated the impropriety of pro-
ceeding under an authority doubtftd and perhaps extin-
guished, at a considerable expence to the Commonwealth,
to enact laws which perhaps would not be inforced, and to
direct measures which might only terminate in disorder &
disobedience.

We have therefore thought it our duty to retire from the
station in which we were placed, altho' it is with regret
that we leave much necessary business unfinished.

We have also considered ourselves under the obligation
of informing you, to whom we hold ourselves accountable
for our public conduct, of the reasons which have induced
voii. XXV. — 15

226 Last Assembly under Pennsyloania QmstUiUim of 1776.

118 to decline the further exerciee of the truflt reposed
in UB.

September 4th, 1790.

John M'Dowbll,
James Clemson,
John Hopkins,
Henrt Dering,
James Cunningham,
John Miller,
Joseph Bead,
Jacob Stmser,
John Stewart,
Thomas Lilly,
William Gk)DPRET,
David Mitchell,
John Ludwio,
Thomas Clingen,
Nicholas Lutz,
Daniel Linebach,
Jonathan Hoge,
Lawrence Seckel,
Jacob Hiltzheimer,
John White,
James Barr,
James Marshall,
James Johnston,
Jonathan Boberts,
James Vaux,
James M'Creight,
David Stewart,
Hugh Lloyd,

William Bawle,
Francis Gurney,
BiGHARD Peters,
Samuel Ashmead,
Thomas Paul,
Thomas Britton,
Elias Boys,
Gerardus Wynkoop,
John Chapman,
James Bryan,
BicHARD Thomas,
BicHARD Downing, jun.
Caleb Jarvis,
Peter Ealer,
Stephen Balliet,
Conrad Ihrie, jun.
Alexander Wright,
Anthony Lerch, jun.
John Moore,
John Baird,
Thomas Byerson.
John Gilcreest,
John Bba,
Benjamin Markley,
John Carson,
Obadiah Gore,
John Neville,

BiCHARD BiLBY.

emCULAB.

PRINTED IN THE NEWSPAPERS.

To the Electors for the City of Philadelphia.

Gentlemen,

With a deep impression of the honor conferred upon
me at the last election, permit me earnestly to request

Last As9embly under Pennsylvama CkmstitaUon of 1776. 227

that I may be excused from farther services in the legisla-
ture.

The peculiar inconveniences I should sustain from con-
tinuing in it, will I hope, apologize for declining a station,
which great deference for the voice of my fellow citizens
alone induced me to accept.

I am, with the utmost respect,

Your most obedient servant.
Third Street W. Rawlb.

September 18, 1790.

December 26, 1790.

And now having decently left the stage of public employ-
ment, let me endeavor so to arrange affairs as to escape a
return to it Of the bitternesses of public duties much might
be said, for much is felt

There are occasions in which it is proper to press forward
with vigour and activity, and occasions in which delibera-
tion and delay are eiq[ually expedient It requires the nicest
and quickest judgement to catch the momentary. But
Shakespeare tells it to you much better.

" There is a tide in the affidrs of men," etc. This tide it
is the grand secret of political action to take advantage of.
But with all the success that can attend the happy sudden
and correct adoption of it, what anxieties, what toils, what
labours after information, what studies of arrangement,
what painftil responsibilities are the lot of the Statesman.

But can we expect success in employment so arduous
unless we devote to it all our time and all our talents?
Will the vacancies of professional business, the occasional
and interrupted intervals of forensic labors be sufficient ?

The mind must be powerful and penetrating indeed to
avoid the conftision which generally arises from the concur-
rent shocks of different and numerous objects.

228 Index to American Portraits.

INDEX TO AMERICAN P0BTRAIT8:

BT BUNFORD 8AMUIL, OF THI BIDGWAT BBANOH OF THI PHILA-
DELPHIA LIBBART.

(Oontinaed from page 70.)

Gaines, EDinniD PEin>LBioif, Qen,; National Port. Gallery, voL ir.,

1836. J. W. JarriB p., J. B. Longacre sc
, Edmttnd Pendleton, Qtn,; Democratic Rev., yoI. xxii. p. 483,

June, 1848. Daguerreotype. T. Doney sc.
, EDinJND Pendleton, Gen,; Wyatt, Thoe., Mem. of Generals and

other Commanders in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 89,

1848. Medal on battle of Ene.
^ Edmttnd Pendleton, Gen.; Loubat, J. F., Medallio Hist of the

U. S., N. T., vol. iL pUte 46, 1878. Ftlrst. MedaL
Gaixatin, Auiebt; Democratic Rer., frontispiece, June, 1843.
Gamble, Thomas, Oapi. UMJf.; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, May,

1819. Waldo p., J. B. Longacre sc.
Gates, Hobatio, Oen,; Du Simitiftre, P., Thirteen Port, of Amer. Legis-
lators, plate 6, L., 1783. Du Simitidre del., B. Reading sc.
, Hobatio, Chn.; Westminster Mag., voL zL p. 563, November,

1783.
, HoBATio, (Ten.; Port Folio, frontispiece, November, 1809. Edwin

sc Medal.
^Hobatio, Oen.; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of the Generals and other

Commanders in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 59, 1848.

MedaL

, Hobatio, Oen.; Harper, p. 680, October, 1877.

, Hobatio, Oen.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., N. Y.,

vol. ii. plate 2, 1878. M. Gatteaux. Medal.
, Hobatio, Oen.; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Society of the

Cincinnati, N. T., p. 97, 1886. Stuart p., H. B. Hall & Sons sc.
, Hobatio, Oen.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vi. p. 302, 1889. From An Impartial Hist, of the War.
, Hobatio, Oen.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vi. p. 303, 1889. From An Impartial Hist, of the Present War.
, Hobatio, Oen.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vi. p. 311, 1889. From BickerstaflTs Boston Almanac of 1778.
, Hobatio, Oen.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vi. p. 476, 1889. From Du SimiUfere's " 13 Ports.**
Gentbt, M. p.; American Rev., frontispiece, August, 1852. A. H.

Ritchie sc
Gilpin, Ht. D.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, November and Decem-
ber, 1840. Inman p., R. W. Dodson sc.

Index to American Portraits. 229

QoDKT, Louis A.; Godey's lady's Book, frontiBpieoe^ February, 1860.
W. Q. Armstrong sc

Ck>w, Neil; Littell's LiTing Age, frontispiece, June 18, 1859. F. OroU se.

, Neil; Century, p. 5, May, 1800. Andrew Bobertson p.

Qbahah, Wh. a.; American Rev., frontispiece, March, 1852. Da-
guerreotype. A. H. Ritchie so.

, Wm. a., Beo, of Ifa/vy; American Rer., frontispiece, March and

September, 1852. Daguerreotype. A. H. Ritchie sc

Orbelkt, Hcmulok; Democratic Rer., p. 101, August^ 1852. Carica-
ture.

Grbins, Nathanaxl, Qen,; Columbian Mag., frontispiece, September,
1786. Trenohard sc

y Nathanael, Oeti.; Lee, Hy., Menu of the War in the Southern

Departmoit of the U. S., Phila., frontispiece, vol. i., 1812. Edwin, sc

, Nathanasl, G^.; Johnson, Wm., Sketches of the Life of Qreene,

Charleston, frontispiece, vol. L, 1822. H. Bonnelheau del., J. B.
Longacre sc

, Nathanael, G^6».; National Port. Gallery, vol. i., 1836. J. Trum-
bull p., J. B. Forrest sc

y Nathanasl, Gen,; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of the Generals and other

Commanders of the American Army and Navy, Phila., p. 50, 1848.
Medal.

, Nathanasl, Gen.; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. T., vol.

ii. p. 05, 1854.

, Nathanasl, Qen,; Harper, p. 150, July, 1857.

y Nathanasl, Gen./ Harper, p. 226, July, 1867.

y Nathanasl, Gen,; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S.,

N. Y., vol. ii. plate 11, 1878. Duprfi. Medal.

•— , Nathanasl, Gen.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,
Boston, Yol. Ti. p. 508, 1880. Norman sc

, Nathanasl, Gen.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, Tol. yi. p. 500, 1880. From Andrews's Hist of the War.

, Nathanasl, Gen,; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. yi. p. 512, 1880. From New York Mag.

, Nathanasl, Gen.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. yi. p. 513, 1880. Painting.

, Nathaniel (Postmaster, Boston) ; Democratic Rey., frcmtis-

piece, Noyember, 1847. T. Hlman & Sons sc

Gkundt, Felix; National Port Gallery, yoL iii., 1886. W. B. Cooper
p., T. B. Welch sc

, Felix; Democratic Rey., frontispiece, October, 1838.

y Felix; Jones, A. D., Illust Amer. Biog., N. Y., yol. iL p. 430,

1853.

GwiNN, Wm. M., Eon,y of Col.; Democratic Rey., frontispiece, Noyem-
ber, 1850. A. B. Walter sc

Haddock, Chas. B. ; International Mag., yol. iL p. 1, December 1, 1850.
F. Alexander p., eng. at J. Andrews.

230 Index to American Portraits.

Halb, Sarah Joskpha (nde Buell) ; Qode/B Lady's Book, frontispiece,
December, 1850. W. B. Chambers p., W. G. Armstrong sc

, Sabah Josepha (nde Buell) ; Jones, A. D., lUnst. Amer. Biog.,

N. Y., vol. ii. p. 291, 1863. J. W. Orr sc

, Sabah Joskpha (nde Buell) ; Ladies' Repository, frontispiece,

April, 1855. T. B. Read p., F. E. Jones sc.

Halibubton, Thos. Ghandleb, Judge; Bentley, vol. ziy. p. 81, 1843.
Eddis p., J. Ck>ok sc

, Thos. GHAin>LEB, Judge; lUust. Lond. News, p. 87, July 16, 1843.

, Thos. Ghandleb, Judge; Jones, A. D., Illust Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

vol. i. p. 209, 1853. J. W.' Orr sc

, Thos. GHAin>LEB, Judge; Illust. Lond. News, supplement^ Septem-
ber 9, 1865.

Hall, N. K.; American Rev., vol. xv. p. 93, February, 1852. Da-
guerreotype. F. Halpin sc

, Mrs. Sam. Oabteb (Anna Maria Fielding) ; Museum, vol. xxiz.

p. 386, 1836.

y Mrs, Sam. Gabteb (Anna Maria Fielding) ; OampbelPs Mag.,

frontispiece, October, 1843. Sir Geo. Hayter p.

, Mrs. Sam. Oabteb (Anna Maria Fielding) ; Harper, p. 627, Sep-
tember, 1869.

, Mrs. Sam. Oabteb (Anna Maria Fielding) ; Illust Lond. News,

p. 149, February 12, 1881.

Hallbck, Fitz-Gbeene; New York Mirror, p. 97, September 24, 1836.
Inman p., Parker sc

, Fitz-Gbeene; Knickerbocker Mag., voL xlix. p. 219, March. 1867.

0. L. Elliott p., E. Teel sc.

, Fitz-Gbeene; International Mag., voL iii. p. 433.

, Fitz-Gbeene; Illust. Lond. News, p. 246, March 6, 1868.

, Fitz-Gbeene; Duyckincks's Oydopndia, vol. i. p. 933, 1877. W.

Roberts sc

, Fitz-Gbeene; Ooemopolitan, p. 326, January, 1893.

Hamilton, Alex.; Literary Mag. and American Register, October,
1804. Tanner sc

, Alex.; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. i. pt. 1, p. 61, 1815. Oerao-

chio. Leney sc Bust.

, Alex.; National Port. Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. Robertson p., E.

Prudhomme sc

, Alex.; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 61, 1863.

J. W. Orr sc

, Alex.; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. liv. p. 11, July, 1869.

, Alex.; Harper, p. 181, July, 1868.

, Alex.; Harper, p. 486, March, 1872.

, Alex.; Duyckincks's Gydopndia, vol. i. p. 439, 1877. Orr sc

, Alex.; Oncken, Das Zeitalter d. Revolution, Berlin (Oncken,

Allg. G^.), vol. i. p. 764, 1884.

, Alex.; Harper, p. 419, February, 1884. Weimar p.

Irukz to American Portraits. 281

Hamouion, Alex. ; Sohuyler, John, IiiBtituticm of the Society of the Gin-

oiniiati, N. Y., p. 225, 1886. Tnimlmll p. Picture in N. Y. Chamber

of Conuneroe.
, Alkx.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist of America, Boston,

vol. yi. p. 384, 1889. Crayon in Hist. Society of Penna.
, AUEX.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, Boston,

Tol. yii. p. 232, 1889. From Delaplaine's Repository.

, Alkx.; Century, p. 811, April, 1889. Trumbull p.

, Alex.; Harper, p. 612, September, 1891. J. Trumbull p.

, Alex.; Scrib., p. 63, January, 1896. Trumbull p. Picture in

N. Y. aty Hall.
Hakoook, John; European Mag., frontispiece, October, 1783.
Hannsqan, Edwd. a., Hon.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, June, 1846.

Daguerreotype. T. Doney se.
Habbis, Sam., Jr.; Polyanthos, 1812.
Habbison, Wm. Ht. (Prest.) ; Port Folio, frontispiece, April, 1816.

Wood p., W. R. Jones se.
, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Museum, frontispiece, August, 1827. Wood p.,

W. R. Jones sc.
, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; National Port Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. J. R.

Lambdin p., R. W. Dodson sc
, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of Generals and other

Commanders in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 176, 1848.

Medal on battle of the Thames.
, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Jones, A. D., Hlust Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. L

p. 167, 1863.

, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Harper, p. 164, July, 1868.

, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist of U. S., N. Y.,

vol. ii. plate 61, 1878. Ftirst Medal.
, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nordamerika, Berlin

(Oncken, Allg. Ges.), p. 639, 1886.

, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Century, p. 372, January, 1887. Hy. Inman p.

, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Scrib., p. 336, September, 1888. Campaign

, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 362, 1889. From National Port Gallery.

, Wm. Ht. (Prest) ; Scrib., p. 210, February, 1896. Beard p. (about

1840).

Haswell, Chas. H. (Engr. in Chf. U.S.N.) ; Democratic Rev., frontis-
piece, January, 1848. Hlman & Sons se.

Hatwood, W. H., Eon.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, April, 1846. D.
Huntington p., T. Doney sc.

Heath, Wm., Hon.; Polyanthos, 1813.

Helmttth, Just. Heinbioh Chbist, Bev.; Museum, frontispiece, June,
1827. Otis p., Goodman ft Piggot sc

Henbt, Patbick; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, December, 1817. Sully
p., Leney sc

282 Index to American Portraits.

Henbt, Patrick; National Port. Gallery, toL iL, 1836. Miniature in

possession of J. 8. Fleming. E. Wellmore sc After painting l^

Longaore.

, Patbiok; Harper, p. 148, July, 1861.

, Patbigk; Jones, A. D., lUust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., toI. L p. 61,

1853.

, Patrick; Harper, p. 8, June, 1876. Statue in Richmond.

, Patbiok; Harper, p. 437, August, 1883. Sully p.

, Patbiok; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

yii. p. 226, 1889. From Analectic Mag.
Hn.T.TABD, Ht. WASHnroTON; American Rev., frontispiece, December,

1849. Daguerreotype. A. H. Ritchie sc
HoLMBS, Outer Wbndell; niust. Lond. News, p. 296, March 20, 1858.
, Oliybb Wbndell; Knickerbocker Mag., voL liL, frontispiece,

July, 1858. D. W. Smith sc.

, Oliybb Wbzidbu.; Harper, p. 203, January, 1876.

, Olivbb WEin>ELL; Duyckincks's Cydopsdia, toL ii. p. 369, 1877.

, Oliybb Wbndell; Scrib., vol. xviii., frontispiece, May, 1879.

, OuYBB Wendbix.; Harper, p. 393, February, 1881.

, Ouvbb Wbndbu.; Century, p. 513, February, 1885.

, Oliybb Wbzidbu.; niust. Lond. News, p. 5, July 3, 1886.

, Oliybb Wbzidbu.; One of a Thousand, p. 319, 1890.

, OuYBB WBinxELL; Harper, p. 164, July, 1891.

, OuvBB Wbndbu.; Harper, p. 280, July, 1894. Port, of 1860.

, Ouvbb Wbndbll; Century, p. 557, August, 1895. Daguerreo-
type. W. H. Funk sc.
Hookbb, Hbbican, dm.; International Mag., vol. v. p. 442, April 1,

1852.
HoPKiirsoN, Fbanois; Delaplaine's Repository, voL iL pt I. p. 125,

1815. Pine p.. Heath sc.
, Fbancis; Museum, frontispiece, February, 1826. Pine p.,

J. Heath sc

, Fbanoib; Casket, frontispiece, March, 1829. Pine p.. Heath sc

, Fbanois; National Port. Gallery, vol. iii., frontispiece, 1836.

Port, in possession of J. Hopldnson. J. B. Longacre sc
, Fbancis; Jones, A. D., lUust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 179,

1854. J. W. Orr sc

, Fbanois; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 219, 1877.

, Fbanois; Scrib., p. 35, November, 1880.

, Fbancis; Oncken, Das 2Seitalter Friedridis des Grossen, Berlin

(Oncken, Alleg. Ges.), vol. ii. p. 719, 1882. Trumbull p. (picture

of signing of Declaration of Independence), Sadd sc
, Fbanois; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, Boston,

vol. vii. p. 259, 1889. From Delaplaine's Repository.
HosAOK, David, MM.; National Port. Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. Sully p.,

A. B. Durand sc
, David, MM.; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., p. 403,

1854. J. W. Orr sc

Index to American Portraits. 288

Houston, Saic.; niust. Loud. News, p. 380, June 15, 1844.

, Saic.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, February, 1847.

, Sam.; Bungay, Geo. W., Off-Hand Takings, N. Y., p. 219, 1854.

J. 0. Buttre sc

, Saic.; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 303,

1854. J. W. Orrsc

, Sam.; Harper, p. 582, April, 1865.

, Sam.; Serib., p. 417, February, 1874.

, Sam.; Century, p. 494, August, 1884. As a Cherokee chief.

, Sam.; Century, p. 496, August, 1884.

, Sam.; Century, p. 696, March, 1887.

, Sam.; Book News, p. 245, January, 1892. From Bruce's "Life

of Sam. Houston."

, Sam.; Century, p. 220, June, 1892. Caricature, "Loco Fooo Can-
didates Travelling.''

, Sam.; Harper, p. 564, September, 1893.

, Sam.; Book News, p. 75, November, 1893. From Williams's

" Sam Houston and the War of Independence in Texas."

HowABD, TiLQHMAN Abhxtbst, (70f>.; Democratic Bev., frontispiece,
March, 1847. T. Doney sc.

HuBBABD, Ht.; Democratic Rev., August, 1841. C. Fendridc del.,
L H. Gimber sc

Hmx, Isaac; Analectic Mag., vol. i., frontispiece, 1813. G. Stuart p.,
D. Edwin sc.

, Isaac; Polyanthos, 1814.

HuMPHBKTS, David, Col.; Polyanthos, vol. iv. p. 145, February, 1807

, David, Col.; National Port. Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. Stuart p.,

G. Parker sc (from painting by Herring).

— , David, Col,; Jones, A. D., Illu^t. Amer. Biog., N. Y., voL ii.
p. 239, 1854.

, David, OoL; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 389, 1877. Rob-
arts sc.

BxjKT, Washington, Hon.; American Rev., March, 1849. Daguerreo-
type. A. H. Ritchie sc.

Ingalls, Wm., mm.; Polyanthos, 1814.

Ingbbsoix^ Chas. Jabed; Democratic Rev., p. 339, October, 1839.

, Chas. Jabed; Duyckincks's Cydopodia, vol. i. p. 730, 1877.

Inwaham, Ed. D.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, July, 1849. Da-
guerreotype. A. W. Walter sc.

IBVING, John T.; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. 1. p. 325, October, 1857.
Capewell k Kimmel sc.

, Washington; La Belle Assemble, frontispiece, August, 1822.

, Washington; European Mag., frontispiece, March, 1825.

, Washington; New York Mirror, p. 272, February 25, 1832. C.

R. Leslie p.. Hatch ft Smillie sc

, Washington; Museum, frontispiece, February, 1832. Wm. Kee-

nan sc.

284 Index to American Portraits.

Ibving, WASHiifGTON ; National Port. Qallery, vol. i., 1836. C. E. Leslie

p., M. J. Danforth so.
, Washington; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, December, 1841.

G. S. Newton p.

, Washington; Illust. Lond. News, p. 186, August 26, 1843.

y Washington; Bentley, vol. xix. p. 622, 1846. Newton p., Oreat-

batch 8C.

, Washington; Harper, p. 677, April, 1861.

, Washington; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i.

p. 167, 1863.
, Washington; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. lii. p. 661, December,

1868. Ball Hughes. W. G. Jackman sc Bust.

, Washington; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, voL i. p. 789, 1877.

, Washington; Harper, p. 649, April, 1883. Gilbert Stuart New-
ton p.
, Washington; Century, p. 1, May, 1887. DaguerreolTpe of

about 1860. T. Johnson sc.
, Washington; Book News, p. 12, September, 1893. From C. D.

Warner's "Work of Washington Irving."
Jaokson, Andbkw; Eaton, John Hy., Life of Jackson, Phila., frontis-
piece, 1824. J. Wood p., Fairman ft Childs sc.
^— , Andbkw; National Port. GMlery, vol. L, 1836. J. B. Longacre

del. and sc.
, Andrew; Democratic Rev., vol. z., frontispiece, January, 1842.

Jarvis p., in 1816; Chas. Phillips sc

, Andrew; Illust. Lond. News, p. 26, July 12, 1846.

, Andrew; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, September, 1846. Da-

guerreotjrpe. T. Doney sc.
, Andrew; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, July, 1846. Daguerreo-
type of 1846. T. Don^ sc.
, Andrew; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of Generals and other Commanders

in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 161, 1848. Medal on

battle of New Orleans.
, Andrew; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. T., vol. i. p. 117,

1863. J. W. Orr sc

, Andrew; Harper, p. 16, January, 1863. Medal.

, Andrew; Harper, pp. 146, 163, January, 1863.

, Andrew; Harper, p. 606, April, 1864.

, Andrew; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. S., N. Y., voL

ii., plates 47, 66, 1878. Ftirst. Medals.

, Andrew; Harper, p. 276, July, 1884. La Fosse. G. Kruell sc

, Andrew; Scrib., p. 333, September, 1888. Campaign medal.

, Andrew; Century, pp. 218, 220, June, 1892. Caricatures, viz.:

"Cleaning his Kitchen,'* "A Boston Notion for the World's Fair."

, Andrew; Scrib., p. 206, February, 1896. Photo.

Jambs, Thos. C, MJ).; Museum, frontispiece, April, 1827. Wood p.,

Neagle sc
, Thos. C, MJ),; Casket, March, 1830. Wood p., Neagle sc

Index to American Portraits. 286

Jat, John; Dn Simitiftre, P., Thirteen Ports, of Amer. Legislators,

L., plate 7, 1783. Du Simitidre del., B. Reading so.
, John; Literary Mag. and Amer. Register, frontispieoe, Decem-
ber, 1804. G. Fairman del., W. Hooker sc.
, John; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. i. pt. 2, p. 167, 1815. Stuart

p., Leney so.

, John; Casket, August, 1829. Stuart p., Leney sc.

, John; National Port. Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. Stuart and Trum-
bull p., A. B. Durand sc
, John; Jenkins, John S., Lives of the Govs, of N. Y., Auburn,

p. 75, 1851.
, John; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 68, 1863.

J. W. Orr sc.

, John; Harper, p. 181, July, 1868.

y John; Century, p. 166, December, 1882. Frazer. Bust.

y John; Harper, p. 842, May, 1883.

, John; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 91, 1889. From Du Simitidre.
, John; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 312, 1889. From Delaplaine's Repository.

, John; Century, p. 826, April, 1889. Joseph Wright p.

, John; Carson, Hampton L., Supreme Court of U. S., Phila.,

frontispiece, 1891. Gilbert Stuart p.

y John; Scrib., p. 67, January, 1896. Stuart p.

Jetfcbson, Thos.; European Mag., frontispiece, May, 1802. G.

Stuart p.
, Thob.; Literary Mag. and American Register, September, 1804.

Tiebout sc.
, Thos.; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. L pt 2, p. 126, 1815. Otis

p., Neagle sc

, Thos.; Museum, frontispiece, March, 1826. Otis p., Neagle sc

, Thos.; National Port Gallery, vol. ii^, 1836. G. Stuart p., J. B.

Forrest sc
, Thos.; Democratic Rev., vol. xviii., frontispiece, January, 1846.

David d'Angers. Statue
1 Thos. ; Jones, A. D., Illust Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. L p. 46, 1863.

J. W. Orr sc.

y Thos.; Harper, p. 149, June, 1863. David. Statue.

, Thos.; Randolph, Sarah W., Domestic Life of Jefferson, N. Y.,

frontispiece, 1871. Gilbert Stuart p.

y Thos.; Harper, p. 366, August, 1871. G. Stuart p.

y Thos.; Harper, p. 816, March, 1872. Gait Statue.

y Thos.; Harper, p. 8, June, 1876. Statue in Richmond.

y Thos.; Harper, p. 211, July, 1876.

y Thos.; Duyckincks's Cydopsedia, vol. i. p. 249, 1877, Roberts sc

y Thos.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist of the U. S., N. Y., vol. ii.

plate 23, 1878. Reich. Medal.

286 Index to American Portraits.

JEWWWMBOif, Tho8.; Oncken, Das Zeitalter Friedriohs des GroBsen, Berlin
(Oncken, Allg. Get.)» vol. ii. p. 719, 1882. Trumbiill p. (picture
of Declaration of Independence), Sadd nc

, Thos.; Oncken, Daa Zeitalter FriedriehB dee Groeeen, Berlin

(Ondcen, Allg. Gee.), yoI. ii. p. 720, 1882. Desnoyer bc

, Thos.; Harper, p. 557, March, 1884. Gilbert Stuart p., G.

Kruell BC

, Thos.; Hopp, Bnndeefltaat in Nordamerika, Berlin (Qncken,

Allg. GcB.), p. 333, 1886. Chappel.

, Thos.; Century, p. 642, September, 1887. G. Stuart p., John-
son BC

, Thos.; WiuBor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, yoL

yi. p. 258, 1889. Stuart p.

, Thos.; Winaor, J., Narr. and Grit Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

yii. p. 304, 1889. From Delaplaine's RepoBitory.

, Thos.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, voL

yii. p. 305, 1889. After eng. in European Mag.

, Thos.; Scrib., p. 54, January, 1895. Stuart p.

Johnson, C.; Democratic Rey., frontispiece, October, 1845. Daguerreo-
type T. Doney bc

, REyEBOT; Amer. Rey., yol. ix., frontispiece, 1849. Daguerreo-
type. A. Jones sc

, Reverdt; niust Lond. News, p. 85, July 27, 1850.

, Revebdy; must. Lond. News, supplement, September 12, 1868.

, Rd. Mentob(T); Democratic Rey., frontispiece, April, 1844.

Daguerreotype by Warner. J. B. Forrest sc.

Jones, Jaoob; Analectic Mag., y<^. ii. p. 75, 1813. R. Peale p., D.
Edwin sc

KsABNST, Laubenoe; Democratic Rey., frontispiece, March, 1851. Ill-
man ft Sons sc.

Eellbt, Wm. Dabbah; Democratic Rey., June, 1851. Illman ft Sons sc

Kendall, Ahos; Democratic Rey., yol. i. p. 383, March, 1838. Gh.
Fenderich del., Bannerman sc.

, Ahos; Harper, p. 182, July, 1884.

Kennedy, John Pendleton; Amer. Rey., December, 1846. T. Doney sc

, John Pendleton; Amer. Rey., yol. xiii., frontispiece, January,

1851. P. M. Whelpley sc

, John Pendleton; Jones, A. D., Illust Amer. Biog., N. Y., yol.

ii. p. 495, 1854. J. W. Grr sc

, John Pendleton; Putnam's Monthly, yol. iy. p. 233, September,

1854. Daguerreotype H. B. Hill sc

, John Pendleton; Duyddncks's Cydopsdia, yol. i. p. 949, 1877.

W. Roberts sc

Kent, James; Amer. Rey., yol. yii. p. 327, April, 1848. T. Doney sc

King, Rnrus; Delaplaine's Repository, yol. i. pt. 2, p. 177, 1815.
Wood p., Leney sc

, Rurus ; Museum, frontispiece, January, 1826. Wood p., Leney sc

, Rnrus; Casket, frontispiece, July, 1827. Wood p., Leney sc

Index to American Portraits. 287

Knro, Burus; National Port. Gallery, toI. iii, 1836. G. Stuart p., T.

Kelly 80.

, RUFUS; Harper, p. 943, May, 1884. Gilbert Stoart p.

, RiTFUS; Serib., p. 172, August, 1887. Woods p.

, T. Butueb; Amer. Rev., frontiapiece, November, 1848. Chester

Harding p., A. H. Ritchie so.
, Wm. Rufus; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, August, 1843. Da-
guerreotype. Fredk. Halpin sc
, Wm. RtTFUS; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, August, 1862, Jos.

Ourdan sc.
, Wm. RuFors; Jones, A. D., Illus. Amer. Biog., N. Y., p. 187, 1854.

J. W. Orr sc
, Wm. Rufus; Century, p. 221, June, 1892. Caricature, "Young

America.''
Knox, Ht., Gen.; Port Folio, frontispiece, August, 1811. C. W. Peale

p., Edwin sc.
, Ht., €hn.; Port Folio, frontispiece, February, 1812. Stewart p.,

D. Edwin sc.
, Ht., Gen.; National Port. Gallery, vol. iL, 1836. Stuart p., E.

Prudhomme sc, after copy by Herring.
, Ht., Gen./ Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 113,

1863.

, Ht., Gen.; Harper, p. 226, July, 1867.

, Ht., Gen.; Harper, p. 823, November, 1879. Gilbert Stuart p.

— , Ht., Gen.; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Society of the Cin-
cinnati, N. Y., p. 13, 1886. From the National Port. Gallery.

, Ht., Gen.; Century, p. 826, April, 1889.

Lafatettb; Port Folio, vol. xviiL pp. 176, 177, 1824.

TiAMAB, M. B. (of Texas) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, June, 1846.

Daguerreotype. J. B. Forrest sc
Lathbop, John, Bev.; Polyanthos, 1812.
Laubenge, Abbott; Amer. Rev., vol. ix. p. 331, April, 1849. G. P. A.

Healy p., Andrews ft Kelly sc.
Laubens, Ht.; Westminster Mag., frontispiece, October, 1780.
, Ht.; Dn Simitidre, P., Thirteen Ports, of Amer. Legislators,

L., plate 9, 1783. Du Simitidre del., B. Reading sc

, Ht.; Port Folio, frontispiece, September, 1814. Edwin sc

, Ht.; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. ii. pt. 1, p. 29, 1816. C. W.

Peale p., Neagle sc
, Ht.; Museum, frontispiece, August, 1826. C. W. Peale p.,

Neagle sc
, Ht.; National Port. Gallery, voL iv., 1836. Copley p., T. B.

Welch sc, after drawing l^ Armstrong.
, Ht.; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., p. 236, 1864. J. W.

Orr sc

, Ht.; ^rper, p. 841, May, 1883.

, Ht.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 66, 1889. From Delaplaine's Repository.

238 Index to American Portraits^

Laubens, Ht.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Ciit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.
TiL p. 67, 1889. From Du Simiti^re's 18 Ports.

Lawbenge, James, Oapt. U.8,N.; Analectic Mag. (2d ed.), toI. ii. p.
129, 1813. Stuart p., Rollinson so.

, James, Oapt. UMJf.; Port Folio, frontispiece, September, 1813.

Stuart p., Rollinson sc.

, James, Oapt. U.8.N.; Alden, Timothy, Amer. Epitaphs, N. Y.,

vol. y. pentade 1, 1814. Edwin sc.

, James, Oapt. UM.N.; Port Folio, frontispiece, August, 1816.

Edwin sc.

, James, Oapt. U.8Jf.; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of Generals and other

Commanders of the Amer. Army and NaTj, Phila., p. 257, 1848.
Medal on capture of the ** Peacock.''

, James, Oapt. UM.N.; Harper, p. 172, January, 1862.

, James, Oapt. UJI.N.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist of the U. S.,

N. Y., vol. ii. plate 34, 1878. Ftirst. Medal.

, James, Oapt. UMJf.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 386, 1889. From Analectic Mag.

Lbgabb, Hugh Swiinx>N; American Rev., frontispiece, October, 1845.
T. Doney sc

Lbggett, Wm.; Democratic Rev., July, 1839.

, Wm.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, January, 1840. T. S. Cum-

mings p., A. Sealey sc.

, Wm.; Duyckincks's Cydopsdia, vol. ii. p. 162, 1877.

Leland, Chas. GoDrBET; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. zliz. p. 110, Febru-
ary, 1867.

, Chas. Godfbet; Duyckincks's Cydopsedia, vol. iL p. 827, 1877.

, Chas. Godfbet; Harper, p. 334, February, 1882.

, Chas. Godfbet; Book News, p. 196, January, 1894, From Le-

land's Mem.

Lewis, Elus; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, April, 1847. Daguerreo-
type. T. Doney sc.

, Mebiwetheb; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, April, 1816. St.

Memin p., Strickland sc

, Mebiwetheb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Bos-
ton, vol. vii. p. 556, 1889. From Analectic Mag.

^Moboan; National Port. Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. J. Herring p.,

Durand & Paradise sc

, Mobqan; Democratic Rev., frontispiece. May, 1844. Daguerreo-
type Lith. F. Davignon del.

, Moboan; Jenkins, John S., Lives of Governors of N. Y., Auburn,

p. 133, 1851. From lith. of F. Michelin.

, Mobgan; Jones, A. D., lUust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 199,

1854. J. W. Orr sc

, Moboan; Harper, p. 688, April, 1872.

, Mobgak; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Society of the Cin-
cinnati, N. Y., p. 249, 1886.

, MoBGAN; Century, p. 825, April, 1889. Trumbull p.

Index to American Portraits. 289

Lewis, Moboan; Cosmopolitan, p. 476, February, 1891.

, Wm. (lawyer, bom 1761); Analectic Mag., frontispiece, May,

1820. Stuart p., Qoodman & Piggot sc
Linn, L. F.; Democratic Rev., vol. xiv., frontispiece, January, 1844.

Daguerreotype. J. N. Gimbrede sc
Longfellow, Ht. Wadswobth ; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

p. 307, 1854. J. W. Orr sc.
, Ht. Wadswobth; Longfellow, Poetical Works, L., 1856. Law-
rence p., Robinson sc.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Dlust. Lond. News, p. 296, March 20, 1858.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Ejoickerbocker Mag., vol liii. p. 113, February,

1859. Johnson del., H. W. Smith sc.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Uiust. Lond. News, p. 61, July 17, 1869.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Harper, p. 204, January, 1876.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Scrib., p. 52, May, 1876. Silhouette.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Duyckincks's Cydopscdia, vol. i., frontispiece,

1877. Whitechurch sc
, Ht. Wadswobth; Scrib., vol. xvii., frontispiece, November, 1878.

Wyatt Eaton del.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 303, April 1, 1882.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Harper, p. 123, June, 1882.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Century, p. 802, October, 1883.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Illust. Lond. News, p. 217, March 8, 1884.

Bust.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Century, p. 806, April, 1886.

, Ht. Wadswobth; Harper, p. 305, January, 1888. Bust in West-
minster Abbey.
, Ht. Wadswobth; Earpeles, Qeschichte der Litteratur, vol. ii.

p. 285, 1891. Photo.
, Ht. Wadswobth; Illust. Lond. News, p. 659, August, 1895.

Badger p. F. Day, after eng. by Wilcox.
Lowell^ Joshua A., Oovr. of Maine; Democratic Rev., April, 1848.

Engd. by T. Doney.
Lton, Patbiok; Godey's Lady's Book, vol. x. p. 49, February, 1835.

Neagle p., T. Kelly sc

, Patbick; Scrib., p. 166, June, 1876.

McDonald, Chas. J. (of Ga.) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, Septem-
ber, 1848. Daguerreotype by Brady. T. Doney sc
Maodonough, Thos., Commodore; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, March,

1816. Jarvis p., Gimbrode sc.
, Thos., Commodore; National Port. (Jallery, vol. i., 1836. J. W.

Jarvis p., J. B. Forrest sc.
, Thos., Commodore; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of the Generals and

other Commanders in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 257,

1848. Medal.
, Thos., Commodore; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

vol. i. p. 131, 1853. J. W. Orr sc
, Thos., Commodore; Harper, p. 178, January, 1862.

240 Index to American Portraits.

Macdonough, Thos., Commodore; Harper, p. 148, June, 1864.

, Thob., Commodore; Loubat^ J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S.,

N. Y., vol. ii. plate 35, 1878. Fttrst. Medal.
, Thos., Commodore; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 397, 1889. Stuart.
— •, Thos., Commodore; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 399, 1889. From Analectic Mag.
MoDuinx, Gbo.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece. May, 1845. Da-
guerreotype. Engd. by J. B. Forrest.
MoGwiN, Wm.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, November, 1850. Da-
guerreotype. Engd. by H. B. Walter.
MoIirrosH, Dunoan; Port Folio, frontispiece, April, 1809. Silhouette.
MoLanb, Robt.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, August, 1850. H. S.

Sadd Bc.
Madison, Jamis; Museum, frontispiece. May, 1826. Otis p., Neagle sc

, James; Casket^ frontispiece, December, 1828. Otis del.

, James; National Port. Gallery, voL iii., frontispiece, 1836. J.

B. Longacre del., T. B. Welch sc. MUt 82.
, James; National Port. Gallery, vol. iii. plate 2, 1836. Stuart

p., W. A. Wilney sc. After print by Edwin.
, James; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 271,

1854. J. W. Orr sc.
, Jambs; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., N. Y., vol. it

plate 25, 1878. Reich. Medal.
, James; Harper, p. 747, April, 1884. Gilbert Stuart p., G.

Kruell sc.
, James; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nordamerika, Berlin (Ondcen,

Allg. Ges.), p. 361, 1886. G. Stuart p.
, James; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 216, 1889. C. W. Peale p.
s, Jambs; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 341, 1889. From National Port. Gallery.

, James; Scrib., p. 60, January, 1895. Stuart p.

, Mr9, James (Dolly Paine) ; Port Folio, frontispiece, February,

1818. Otis del., Goodman & Piggot sc.
, Mr9 James (Dolly Paine) ; National Port. Gallery, vol. iii.,

1836. Wood p., J. F. E. Prudhomme sc, from drawing by J.

Herring.
, Mrs. Jambs (Dolly Paine) ; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog.,

N. Y., vol. ii. p. 267, 1854. J. W. Orr sc.
, Mrs, James (Dolly Paine) ; Griswold, R. W., Republican Gourt,

N. Y., p. 69, 1855. '
, Mrs, James (Dolly Paine) ; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of

Amer., Boston, vol. vii. p. 342, 1889. From National Port. Gallery.
Maiaone, Edwd. G.; Analectic Mag., p. 225, September, 1815. Gim-

brede sc
Mahbhall, Edwd. G.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, April, 1852. Da-
guerreotype. J. Ourdan sc.

Index to American Portraits. 241

Mabbwatj., John, OlUef Justice; Port Folio, frontispiece, January, 1815.

J. Paul p., D. Edwin sc
, John, Chief Justice} Analectic Mag., frontispiece, February,

1817. J. Wood p., F. Kearny sc.
, John, Chief Justice; National Port. Gallery, vol. i., 1836. Hy.

Inman p., A. B. Durand sc.
, JoBix, Chief Justice; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

vol. i. p. 97, 1853. J. W. Orr sc.
, John, Chief Justice; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 421,

1877. Roberts sc

, John, Chief Justice; Century, p. 162, December, 1882.

, John, Chief Justice; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nordamerika, Berlin

(Oncken, Allg. Gks.), p. 349, 1886. Inman p. From woodcut by

F. Johnson.
, John, Chief Justice; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 262, 1889. R. Peale p.
y John, Chief Justice; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 300, 1889. From Analectic Mag.
, John, Chief Justice; Century, p. 642, September, 1889. St.

Memin del., J. H. £. Whitney sc
, JoHK, Chief Justice; Carson, Hampton L., Supreme Court of

U. S., Phila., p. 195, 1891. Jarvis p.
Meaoheb, Thos. Francis; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, July, 1852.

J. Ourdan sc
Mbbkdith, Wm. Mobris; Democratic Rev., p. 191, August, 1852. Cari-
cature.
MmuN, Thos., Gen,; National Port. Gallery, vol. iv., 1836. G.

Stuart p., E. Welmore sc.
, Thos., Gen,; Port FoUo, frontispieces, July, 1817, and July,

1826. Stuart p., H. Bridport sc.
, Thos., Gen.; Armor, Wm. C, Lives of the Govrs. of Penna.,

Phila., p. 278, 1872.
, Thos., Gen,; Penna. Archives, Hbg., 2d series, vol. ii. p. 284,

1880.
MiNOT, Gbo. Riohabos; Polyanthoe, vol. i. p. 217, March, 1806. S.

Harris sc
MiTGHEL, John (Irish Nationalist) ; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 323, May

20, 1848.
, John (Irish Nationalist) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, Au-
gust, 1848. Daguerreotype. T. Doney sc.
, John (Irish Nationalist) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, Feb-
ruary, 1852. Daguerreotype. J. Ourdan sc
, John (Irish Nationalist) ; Bungay, Geo. W., Off-Hand Takings,

N. Y., p. 400, 1864. J. C. Buttre sc
MiTOHSLL, Donald G.; Knickerbocker Mag., vol. 1. p. 107, August, 1857.

C. L. Elliott p., Capewell & Einmiel sc
y Donald G.; Duyckincks's CyclopsBdia, vol. ii. p. 683, 1877.

VOL. XXV. — 16

242 Index to American Pcrtraits.

'hSjTOHELL, DoKALD G.; Book NewB, p. 376, May, 1893.

MoiTBOB, Jambs; Port Folio, froniispieoe, April, 1818. B. Otis deL,

Goodman ft Piggot bc

, Jamks; Casket, frontispiece, August, 1828. Otis del.

, Jambs; National Port. Gallery, toI. iiL, 1836. Vanderlyn p.,

A. B. Dnrand sc.
, Jambs; Loubat, J. F., Hedallic Hist, of the U. S., N. Y., voL iL

plate 50, 1878. Ftlrst. Medal.
, Jambs; Harper, p. 041, May, 1884. GUbert Stoart p., Gnstay

Emell BC.
, Jambs; Hopp, Bnndesstaat in Nordamerika, Berlin (Ondran,

Allg. Ges.), p. 481, 1886. Chappel p.
, Jambs; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, voL

yii. p. 344, 1889. From National Port Gallery.

, Jambs; Serib., p. 03, January, 1895. Stuart.

MooBB, Bbnj., Bp.; Port Folio, frontispiece, July, 1810. Edwin sc

, Bbnj., Bp,; Harper, p. 818, November, 1884.

Moboan, Danl., Gm^; Port Folio, frontispiece, August, 1812. 0. W.

Peale p., Edwin sc.
, Daxvl., Cfen.; National Port. Gallery, toL iiL, 1830. Trumbull

deL, J. F. E. Prudhomme sc, from drawing by J. Herring.
, Daitl., Gen.; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y^, voL L p.

95, 1853. J. W. Orr 8C

, Daivi.., Gen.; Harper, p. 103, January, 1881.

, Danl., Gen.; Harper, p. 290, February, 1804.

, Danl., Gen.; Harper, p. 220, July, 1807.

MoBBis, RoBT.; Delaplaine's Repository, yoI. iL pt. 1, p. 139, 1815.

Pine p., J. Heath sc

, RoBT.; Port Folio, p. 171, September, 1820. Pine p., J. Heath sc

, RoBT.; National Port Gallery, toL It., 1830. Pine p., T. B.

Welch sc, from painting by Longacrc

, RoBT.; Harper, p. 152, July, 1851.

, RoBT.; Harper, p. 225, July, 1807.

, RoBT.; Harper, p. 481, March, 1872.

, RoBT.; Oncken, Das Zeitalter Friedrichs des Groseen, Berlin

(Ondcen, Allg. Ges.), toL iL p. 719, 1882. Trumbull p. (picture

of Signing of Declaration of Independence), Sadd sc
, RoBT.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Boston, toI.

yiL p. 70, 1889. From Delaplaine's Repository.

, RoBT.; Century, p. 807, April, 1889.

, RoBT. H. (Mayor of N. Y.) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, June,

1847. F. R. Spencer p., T. Doney bc
MoiBSK, Saml. F. B.; American Rev., frontispiece, October, 1851. Da-
guerreotype W. L. Ormsby sc
MoBTON, Mabous, Hon.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, October, 1841.
Mouuta; Port Folio, frontispiece, February, 1815. Capt Porter deL,

W. Strickland sc

Index to American Portraits. 248

MouTON A.; Democratic Bev., froniispieoe, December, 1843. Dagaerreo-

type. F. Halpin bc
MuHLBRBDO, Ht. AuGfUSTUS (bom 1782); Democratic Rev., frontis-
piece, January, 1846. J. Neagle p., J. B. Forrest sc
, Ht. a. (bom 1828); Biog. EiM^clopndia of Penna., Phila., p.

277, 1874.
MxJBPHT, Ht. 0.; Democratic Bev., toL zxL, frontispiece, 1847. T.

Doney sc
MuBBAT, Alkx., Commodore UJSJf.; Port Folio, p. 899, May, 1814.

Wood p., Edwin sc
Obqood, Saml.; Knidcerbodcer Mag., toI. liiL p. 882, April, 1869.

Engd. by Capewell ft KinuneL

, Baml.; Duyddncks's Qydopadia, vol. ii. p. 472, 1877.

Otis, Jambs; Polyantbos, 1812.

OwBN, BoBT. Daic; Democratic Bev., frontispiece, December, 1849. 8.

WaUin del.

, BoBT. Daic; DnyckindEs's Cyclopedia, vol. iL p. 846, 1877.

Pahib, Thos.; Hist., Biog., lit., and ScL Mag., yoI. iL p. 129, 1799.

H. Bichards deL, Madcende sc

, Thos.; Gillray, Caricatures, L., plates 64, 89, 1861.

, Thos.; Duyddncks's Cydopodia, vol. L p. 207, 1877.

, Thos.; Harper, p. 912, November, 1892. Death mask.

Pabish, E., Bev.; Polyanthos, 1814.

Pabsons, Thbophilus, Chief Jtutioe; Analeotic Mag., frontispiece,

June, 1816. Stuart p., Leney sc
, THBOPHiLcrB, Chief Justice; Harper, p. 169, July, 1876. G.

Stuart p.
Pattbbson, Saml. D.; Democratic Bev., vol. zxiv. p. 196, Mardi, 1849.

A. B. Walker sc
PBNif, Wm.; Proud, Bobt, Hist of Penna., PMla., frontispiece, 1767.

Barralet p., Lawson sc

, Wm.; European Mag., frontispiece, April, 1790. Stanier sc

, Wm.; Amer. UniTersal Mag., toL i., frontispiece, January, 1797.

Du Simitiftrc J. Smitber sc

, Wm.; Port Folio, frontispiece, Mardi, 1809. Edwin sc

, Wm.; Evans, John, Sketch of the Denominations of the Cbris-

tiaa World, Burlington, frontispiece, 1812.
, Wm.; darkson, life of Penn, Phila., voL i., frontispiece, 1814.

Bevan. D. Edwin sc Bust
, Wm.; Port Folio, p. 841, October, 1816. Statue at Penna. Hos-

pitaL
, Wm.; Gallery of British Ports.: Statesmen, etc, 1838. Wert

p., J. Possel-White sc, from print by HulL
, Wm.; Smith, J. J., and Watson, J. F., Amer. Hist and Literary

Curiosities, Phila., 1847. Bevan medallion.
, Wm.; Janney, O. M., life of Wm. Penn, Phila., frontispiece,

1862. Port in Hist Sodety of Penna. J. Sartain sc

244 Inda^ to American Portraits.

Tmurs, Wm.; Janney, O. M., Life of Whl Penn, Phila., p. 297, 1852. H.

Inman p., J. Sartain so.
, Wm.; Jones, A. D., niuBt. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. L p. 83, 1868.

J. Orr 8C

, Wm.; Harper, p. 223, July, 1867.

, Wm.; Armor, Wm. C, Lives of Gtovrs. of Pemm., Phila., frontis-
piece, 1872. Sartain sc

, Wm.; Harper, p. 706, April, 1876.

, Wm.; Scrib., p. 1, May, 1876. After Schoff's eng.

, Wm.; Scrib., p. 6, May, 1876. National Museimi Port.

, Wm.; Century, p. 737, March, 1888. Port, in National Museum,

Phila.
, Wm.; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nordamerika, Berlin (Ondcen, Allg.

G^.), p. 63, 1886. Kneller. Ktthner sc.
, Wm.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Grit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, voL

iii. p. 474, 1889. Port, of 1666. Schoff sc.
Pkbbt, Oliveb Hazard, Commodore; Analectic Mag., p. 496, December,

1818. Waldo p., Edwin sc
, Oliveb Hazard, Commodore; Port Folio, frontispiece, March,

1814. Waldo p., Edwin sc
, OuvEB Hazard, Commodore; National Port. Gallery, vol. ii^

1836. J. W. Jarvis p., J. B. Forrest sc.
, Ouvnft Hazard, Commodore; Wyatt, Thos.^ MeuL of Generals

and other Commanders of the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p.

237, 1848. Medal on battle of Lake Erie.
, Olivkb Hazard, Commodore; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog.,

N. Y., vol. i. p. 146, 1863. J. W. Orr sc

, OuvBft Hazard, Commodore; Harper, p. 176, January, 1862.

, Oliveb Hazard, Commodore; Harper, p. 298, August, 1868.

, Oliver Hazard, Commodore; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the

U. S., N. Y., vol. ii. plate 82, 1878. Fttrst. Medal.
, Oliver Hazard, Commodore; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist.

of Amer., Boston, vol. vii. p. 391, 1889. From Analectic Mag.
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart; Ladies' Repository, frontispiece, June,

1866. Alexander p., F. E. Jones sc

, Elizabeth Stuabt; Cosmopolitan, p. 214, December, 1890.

, Saml. G.; Amer. Rev., vol. xii., frontispiece, 1860. Daguerreo-
type. D. M. Whelpley sc.
Phillips, Johit, Hon.; Polyanthos, 1814.
PiEBOE, Franklin (Prest.) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, June, 1862.

Daguerreotjrpe. W. L. Ormsby sc.
, Franklin (Prest.) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, October, 1862.

Daguerreotype. J. Ourdan sc.

, Franklin (Prest.) ; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 209, March 19, 1863.

y Franklin (Prest.) ; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i.

p. 168, 1863.
— '■ — , Franklin (Prest) ; Livingston, John, Ports, of Eminent Amer.,

N. Y., p. 1, 1854. H. B. Hall sc.

Index to American Portraits. 246

PiEBCE, Frankun (Prest.) ; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. 8.,

N. Y., vol. ii. plate 67, 1878. Ellis k Willson. Medal.
, FRAinaiN (Preet); Century, p. 696, March, 1882. Photo. G.

Kruell Bc.
y Franklin (Prest.) ; Scrib., p. 337, September, 1888. Campaign

medal.
, Fbanxuh (Prest.) ; Century, p. 224, June, 1892. Caricature,

" The Democratic Platform."
, Franklin (Prest); Century, p. 221, June, 1892. Caricature,

"Young America.'*

, Franklin (Prest.) ; Scrib., p. 345, March, 1895. Healy p., 1852.

PiKS, Zebulon Montgomxrt; Pike, Z. M., Account of Expedition to

Sources of Mississippi, Phila., frontispiece, 1810. Edwin sc.
, Zebulon Montgoicebt; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, Noyember,

1814. Gimbrede sc

, Zebulon Montgomeby; Harper, p. 745, November, 1863.

, Zebulon Montgoicebt; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist of

Amer., Boston, vol. vii. p. 554, 1889. From Analectic Mag.
PmoKNET, Wm. (1764-1820) ; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

vol. i. p. Ill, 1853. J. W. Orr sc
PiNKNET, Wm.; Port Folio, p. 433, November, 1822. C. King p., J. B.

Longacre sc.
, Wm.; National Port. Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. C. B. King p., E.

Wellmore sc.
, Wm.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, vol.

vii. p. 481, 1889. From National Port. Gallery.
Pleasants, John Hampden; Amer. Rev., vol. v. p. 285, March, 1847.

T. Doney sc.
PoE, Edgar Allan; Graham's Mag., frontispiece, 1845. A. C. Smith

p., Welch ft Walker sc.

, Edoab Allan; Harper, p. 557, September, 1872.

, Edgar Allan; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. ii. p. 402, 1877.

Roberts sc

, Edgar Allan; Scrib., vol. xx., frontispiece, May, 1880.

, Edgar Allan; Le Livre (Bibliographic Retrospective), 10th year,

p. 314, 1889. From "Harper."
, Edgar Allan ; Karpeles, Geschichte d. Litteratur, vol. ii. p. 287,

1891. Daguerreotype.
, Edgar Allan; Century, p. 577, August, 1894. Daguerreotype.

T. Cole sc
»— , Edgar Allan; Century, p. 725, September, 1894. Daguerreo-
type. R. G. Tietze sc.

, Edgar Allan; Century, p. 854, October, 1894. Daguerreotype.

Poinsett, Joel Roberts; National Port. Gallery, vol. i., 1836. J. B.

Longacre del. and sc
, Joel Robebts; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, February, 1838.

Ch. Fenderich del., Bannerman sc.

246 Index to American PortraitSk

PoiNSErT, JoKL BoBBBTS; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., voL ii.

p. 466, 1864. J. W. Orr sc.
Poui:^ Jambs Enox; Democratio Rer., fronti8pi«oe. May, 1838.
y James Knox; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, August^ 1844. J.

B. Forrest sc

, Jambs Knox; Ulust. Lond. News, p. 821, November 23, 1844.

, Jambs Knox; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., N. Y.,

voL ii. plate 69, 1878. Peale. Medal.

, Jambs Enox; Scrib., p. 339, March, 1886. Photo.

, Jambs Knox; Century, p. 618, February, 1887. Photo. H.

Velten sc
— ^— , Jambs Enox; Scrib., p. 336, September, 1888. Campaign medaL
, Wm. H.; Democratic Eev., frontispiece, December, 1861. Da-
guerreotype. H. S. Sadd sc
Pdbtbb, Bknj. F., Judge; Amer. Rev., frontispiece. May, 1849. A. H.

Ritchie sc.
— — , David, UJ3.N.; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, September, 1814.

Wood p., Edwin sc
Pottbb, Emebt D.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, February, 1860. H.

S. Sadd sc
Pbatt, Zadoo, Hon.; Democratic Re\r., frontispiece, December, 1846.

Daguerreotype. T. Doney sc
Pbeblb, Edwd., Commodore; Polyanthos, vol. i. p. 146, February, 1806*

S. Harris sc
, Edwd., Commodore; Port Folio, frontispiece. May, 1810. Edwin

sc. Medal.
, Edwd., Commodore; National Port. Qallery, voL ii., 1836. Port

in Faneuil Hall. T. Kelly sc
, Edwd., Commodore; Qod^y's Lady's Book, frontispiece, Septem-
ber, 1842.
, Edwd., Commodore; Wyatt, Thoe., Mem. of Generals and other

Commanders In the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 193, 1848.

Medal on attack on Tripoli.
, Edwd., Commodore; Jones, A. D., Ulust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol.

ii. p. 123, 1864. J. W. Orr sc

, Edwd., Commodore; Harper, p. 166, January, 1862.

, Edwd., Commodore; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S.,

N. Y., vol. iL plate 74, 1878. Reich. MedaL
Phentiss, Sbabgent S.; Amer. Rev., vol. ziv. p. 179, September, 1861.

J. P. Ourdan sc
Pbbsoott, Wm. HiOKLme; Bentley, vol. zxL p. 429, 1847. Ames p.,

Qreatbateh sc.

, Wm. Hiokuno; Harper, p. 138, July, 1860. Bust.

, Wm. Hiokleno; Jcmes, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii.

p. 427, 1864.

, Wm. Hiokuno; Illust. Lond. News, p. 296, March 20, 1868.

, Wm. Hiokuko; Littell's Living Age, frontispiece, February 26,

1869. Geo. Richmond del., H. U. Smith sc

Index to American Portraiis. 247

Pbesoott, Wm. HiOKLma; Illust. Lond. News, p. 221, March 5, 1859.
, Wm. Higkuno; Enickerbodcer Mag., frontUpiece, June, 1859.

Whipple p., Rogers sc
, Wm. HiOKLnre; Dnyddndcs's CydopncQa, yoI. i. p. 977, 1877.

W. Roberts sc

, Wm. HiOKUifO; Tioknor, Geo., Life of Presoott, Boston, 1884.

, Wm. Hiokung; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, Yol. iL p. 426, 1889. From Eclectic Mag.
Fbbston, Wm. Ballou; Amer. Rev., vol. z. p. 221, September, 1849.

Daguerreotype. A. H. Ritchie sc
Putnam, Isbasl^ Chn.; Port Folio, frontispiece, September, 1819.

Trumbull p., T. Qimbrede sc, after drawing l^ Miss A. Hall.

(Td be continued.)

248 Destruction of the ^^ Peggy Stewart/' at ArmapoUsy 177 i.

ACCOUNT OF THE DBSTEUCTION OF THE BEIG
"PEGGY STEWAET," AT ANNAPOLIS, 1774.

[The foOowing letters of John GhJloway and Thomas Ringgold, the
son and son-in-law of Samuel Ghilloway, of Tulip HiU, Anne Arundel
County, Maryland, give interesting details relating to the destruction of
the brig "Peggy Stewart^" at .Annapolis, in October of 1774, with the
seventeen packages of the ''detestable plant,'' which comprised part of
her cargo.]

Tuup Hill, Thursday Morning
Octr. 20. 1774.
HOND. SlE

I am now set down to give you an Account as well as is
in my power of Yesterdays transactions of the Committee
of the County and the mob assembled at Annapolis relative
to the 17 Chests of Tea imported by Thos. "Williams & Co.
and the Peggy Stewart.

It seems by Capt Jackson commander of the brigg affi-
davit he reAised Kelly Lot & Co. to bring any Tea to
America in his Vessel, and that Mr. Thos. William who
was then in London without his knowledge put 17 Chests
on board and that he did not discover it till at sea. When
the brig arrived at Annapolis Mr. Anthy. Stewart ordered
him to enter his Vessell and all his Cargo except the Tea
the Custom house officer would not admit him to a partial
entry. Mr. Stewart having not considered the matter well
and to save his Vessel from being libeled went himself and
entered the whole cargo and paid the Duty on the Tea.
Li thursday paper their was an advirtizement for a meeting
of the County aa Yesterday but on Friday Eveng when it
came to be known that the Tea was entered and might if
the owners thought proper be landed the Committee of
Annapolis met and also on Monday following and the
results of their meeting was that the Tea should be burnt
but they defered doing it tell the County Committee had a

Desimctian of the ^^ Peggy Stewarty'^ at AnnapoUs^ 1774. 249

meeting which was on yesterday. After the Gentlemen of
the County Committee had met and determined what should
be done, they called the inhabitants together to Mr. Jacques
porch & Mr. T. Hammand as one of the Committee stood
forth and made a speech to the people (to be sure it was the
most shockg one I ever heard) and read the Concessions
that Messrs. Stewart & Williams was to make publickly to
the people for the infringements they had made on the Lib-
erty of the People after this was over Mr. Charles Carroll
B. desired to know the sense of the Gentlemen in regard to
what was to be done with the Tea and it was the unani-
mous opinion of all present that it should be burnt, the
Committee then ordered the Tea from on board the brigg
but some of the Mob called out that it should not come on
shore that the Vessel should also share the same £Btte. Mat-
ters now began to run very high and the people to get warm
some of the Gentlemen from Elk Bidge and Baltimore
Town insisted on burning the Vessell. Mr. Carroll then
went and consulted Mr. Dick who immediately consented
to the destroying of the Vessel Mr. Dick was fearftill that if
they did not give up the Vessel that it would be attended
with worse Consequences to Mr. Stewart as the mob had
threatened to lay violant hands on him. Mr. Carroll then
declared to the people that Tea & Vessell should both be
burnt. Mr. Quyn then stood forth and said that it was not
the sense of the m^ority of the people that the Vessell
should be destroyed and made a motion which was seconded
that there should be a vote on the Question. We had a
Vote on it and a Minority of J of the people, still the few
that was for destroying the Brigg was Clamorous and insin-
uated that if it was not done they would prejudice Mr.
Stewart more then if the Vessell was burnt the Committee
then with the Consent of Mr. Dick declared that the Vessell
and Tea should be burnt then Doctor Warfield (a youth
that practice under Doctor Thompson at the Bidge for some
time) made a motion that the Gentlemen should make their
concessions on their knees, there was a vote on it and

260 DestmeUm of the ^^ Peggy Stewart^^ at AnnapoUsj 177 4*

carryed in fevour of the Gentlemen, they then came and
read their concessions to the Publick and then Mr. Stewart
went on board of his Yessell and set fire to her with his own
hands and she was a burning when I left town.

I think Sir I went to Annapolis yesterday to see my Lib-
erty destroyed which was done when fire was put to the brig.
Every body allows that Mr. Stewart was to blame in enter-
ing the Tea, he was advised by many not to do it and made
two attempts and was persuaded fi'om it before he did do it,
but after making such concessions as he did do (which I
shall send you) and agreeing to pay for half of the Tea it
was monstrous to destroy his Vessell which is worth £900
Currency none but madmen could do such a thing, they
have not only punished the Guilty, but the Innocent must
also suffer Capt McGachen was i owner of the Yessell, he
did not enter her nor was he privy to any part of the trans-
action. If this is Liberty, If this is Justice, they certainly
must have found a new code of Laws on Elk Bidge ; but
they must be very different from any others ever was pened
by man or ever appeared heretofore on the fece of this
Earth. Whilst they were preparing to go on board the
Yessell sober sought of people begin to think what a Scandal
it would be to suffer an Action to be put into execution
against the sense of the miyority of the people. Stephen in
particular began to declare his Sentimentt very freely, Mr. C.
Wallace Mr. G. Hopkins, Mr. Jos. Cowman my Uncle and
in short every person present who had any sense of honour
& Justice cryed out Shame and determined immediately to
prevent it but as they were going down to the water side
with that intent they met poor Mr. Dick who beg and en-
treated for Gk>d sake not to meddle in the matter, but let
her be burnt, he said that if they were prevented, they
would certainly destroy Mr. Stewarts house and prejudice
him more than the Yalue of the Brig, on this the Gentle-
men desisted from proceding any fiurther, but it is my Senti-
ments that the Gentlemen ought to have proceeded, for if
they were able to prevent the burning the Yessell, they cer-

Destruction of the ^^ Peggy Stewart^^ at AnnapdiSy 1774,. 261

tidnly might have prevented any insult being offer to Mr.
Stewart or prejudice done his house. Some of the Gentle-
men from Elk Bidge and Baltimore when they came to
Town was very much exasperated against Mr« Stewart they
talk of taring and feathering him they were persuaded from
it with a good deal of difficulty* Mr. Thomas Williams the
Shipper of the Tea would have under gone that discipline
if tiiey had him* Mr. John McLure and others have made
oath they heard him say in London, they the Association in
America was a mere bug bear and that he would import
what goods he thought proper to that Country he is now on
his passage to Philadelphia from London I would not advise
him to come to Annapolis. I shall send you the Kews
paper and Mr. Stewarts hand bill. I am apt to believe the
Committee will meet with some difficulty in putting this
affidr in print as they cannot say it was with the Consent of
the major part of the people that the Vessel was burnt It is
not proper for me to make remarks on a Committee chose by
the people of Ann Arundel Cy. but for the ftiture I would
not give a Copper for all that their committee can say or do.
Thus Sir I have related you the whole and in as fiill man-
ner as is in my power this most in&mous and rascally affidr
which makes all men of property reflect with horror on
their present Situation to have their lives and propertys at
the disposal & mercy of a Mob is Shocking indeed the
whole Province are Crying out against the proceedings and
the Bing leaders begin to be assame of it themselves. I
heard one of them who call himself a Gentleman a hour
after the affair was over say that it was not his Sentiments
to bum the Vessell. Mr. Stewart has agreed to pay for
half of the Tea before this matter happened, the Ring-
leaders where Mr. Charles Ridgely son of Doctr. Howard,
Dr. Warfield & Walter Buior of prince Georges (please not
to mention these names)

Tulip Hill Friday morning

It seems that Mr. John Brice has been trying to persuade
Duvall not to leave him and has not succeeded in it which

262 Destruction of the ^^ Peggy Stewart^^ at AnnapoUSy 1774*

haa been a means of breeding a Qnarrell between them.
Duvall has applyed to me to send a Boat for him imme-
diately. I told him I should do it on my return from the
Estem Shore are you to be at the Expence of the Boat hire,
please to inform my next post. I have seen Mr. Waters he is
to come down tomorrow, to look at Tanner and if he thinks
he is able to travel as &r as Kew York he will take him he
has more flesh on his Bones than when you left home tho'
still very thin. Old Bilim thrives fest I must have some
oats got for him he does not eat Com kindly. Mr. Heath
certainly must have been running the old Horse to have
made him so thin.

Our People has been two Days longer than I expected in
securing the Fodder they have been very lasy [torn] out
of sight and I have not been able to attend to them so
closely as I could wish being engaged in puting yr. papers
into some kind of order. We set about the potatoes on
Wednesday, in some places they yield very well in others
but poorly. I still have Fires kept in the Old Toll-house at
home the rest of the Houses I think are sufficiently cured.
I am fearfiiU it will be very late before the wheat will be put
into the potatoe Ground as diging the potatoes is very
tedious and our Negroes does not much when I am absent
which I must be next week. I have spoke to Mr. Pyle for
some early Wheat for to soe in that Ground. We have not
had any rain Since my last it is the dryest &31 that ever was
known the Wheat Suffers very much. The warm weather
rots the keeping apples very fietst we had gathered this year
more than I have ever known so that I hope there will be
a sufficient quantity to last the Winter. I make the Gkir-
dener put them over every now and then. The Cyder we
made last is very good.

I am sorry to hear that you have been indisposed I hope
the bark will prevent a return of the fever that you will be
reinstated in your usual Health which Sir is always the
sincere desire and anxious wish of Hond. Sir

Your Dutifiill Son

John Galloway

jDestructim of the ^^ Peggy Stewart/' at AnnapoliSy 177 i. 268

p.s. I shall write my Sister by Mondays post tho' I have
not had the pleasure of a Letter from her since her leaving
home my best love k wishes attend her and Miss. Chew
hoping the latter will be lightly markd with the Small pox

J. G.

Chesteb Town Mabtland 25th Oct

1774.
Deab Sib

I have the pleasure to tell you that we reached home
yesterday very well and found all so here.

Youl have no doubt an Annapolis Paper giving an Acct.
of the Burning of Anthony Stewarts Vessel. Ab the ac-
count does not satisfiictorily justify the violence I will
shortly tell you how it happened as I have it from People at
Annapolis. Upon the Arrival of the Vessel it was made
known that the Tea was on board. Tom Williams who is
now in England had it put up in Blankets and the Captain
declared he did not know it was in the Vessel until his
Papers were put into his Hands at Gravesend. Mr. Stewart
had it seems no interest in the Tea nor had he any Goods as
was reported and the people would have been satisfied even
with the Tea's being stored without paying the Duty. But
Anto. Stewart obstinately went and paid it & contrary to
the advice of all his Friends. This incensed the people and
a great number came in from all parts of the Country and
nothing less than tarring & feathering would satisfy them.
This they were diverted from by the Influence of Barrister
Carrol & others in pity to Mrs. Stewart who was then in
Labor. Anty. then proposed to attone for his ojffence by
having the Tea burnt on his own loss. This was not thought
sufficient and it was put to vote whether or not the Ship
should not be burnt A Minority determined she should not
but many appearing discontented old Mr. Dick insisted that
in order to give general satisfieu^tion which he thought was
due to the people that the Vessel too should be burnt She
was accordingly committed to the Flames. From the whole

264 Destruction of the ^^ Peggy Stewart^^^ ai ArmapoUs^ 1774-*

I of Mr. Stewart^s conduct I have no doubt but he has pre-
meditated the Exploit to endear himself to the Ministry
and I am glad the people have shown so much spirit We
shall be glad to hear from you by the post and with our
best Loves.

I am dear Sir,

Trs. most affectl.

Thos. RiNaooLi).

Passenger List of the Shyp « Elizabeth^' 1819. 256

PASSBNGBE LIST OF THE SHIP "ELIZABETH,"
WHICH ABEIVED AT PHILADELPHIA IN 1819,

[Ck>pied from the original in the Library of the Historical Society of

Pennsylyania.]

We the undersigned : I, M. Adams^ Captain of the Ship
Elizabeth on one part, and we the passengers on the other
part do obligate ourselves —

Firsty We the passengers to take our passage with the
above mentioned Capt Adams to Philadelphia in North
America, and to conduct ourselves as good passengers ought
to do, quiet and orderly, and to be satisfied with the food
mentioned at foot as per agreement with the Captain, and
with regard to water and other provisions, to follow the
Captidn's directions as he shall find necessary through long
passage or other circumstances.

Second. We agree to take our passage on the following
conditions, viz. to pay

For those who are able to pay in Amsterdam for each
person man or woman 180 fi*.

Children under four years of age are firee —

From four to twelve years to pay 90 fi*.

From twelve years and older to pay 180 fi*.

For those who are not able to pay here or only in part, the
passage to be

Children under four years of age fi-ee

From four to twelve years 96 fi*.

From twelve years and older 190 fr. and 200 fr. as speci-
fied.

Those who have to pay their passage in America shall be
obliged to do so in ten days after their arrival. No passen-
ger shall be allowed to leave the vessel in America without
leave fi*om the Captain and in particular those as have not
paid their passage money. Should any one of the passen-
gers die on the voyage, the fiwnily of such person shall be

266 Passenger List of the Ship « Mizabeth,'' 1819.

obliged to pay his passage, if such decease took place on
more than half the distance of the voyage, but should the
person die this side half the distance, the loss of the passage
shall fall to the Captain.

In return I, M. Adams obligate myself to carry these pas-
sengers to Philadelphia, to accommodate them with the
necessary comfort and give them daily the here below men-
tioned proportion of victuals — children not to receive any-
thing.

Sunday — one pound Beef and half pound Rice,

Monday — one pound Flour,

Tuesday — one half pound Pork with pease,

Wednesday — one pound Beef and barley,

Thursday — ^like Tuesday,

Friday — ^like Monday,

Saturday — ^like Wednesday,

One pound Butter, one pound Cheese, six pounds Bread,
per week.

One glass Gin and three quarter gallons Water per day.

There shall also be on board a sufficiency of Vinegar to
cleanse the vessel and for the refreshing the passengers. To
all this we bind ourselves with our persons and property.

Witness Van Olivier k Co.

Amstebdam, 4 May, 1819.

Names

Number

of
Penons

Freight

Pume
Money

Paid
here

To be
Paid in
Riilada

George Michael Huetter,

Henry Boedel,

Michael Idler,

Magdalena Btrahlin, . . .
Fr^erick Walber (?) . .
John Frederick Betzold, .
John Frederick Speiser, ,

Francis Kruoker.

John Henry Wilk,

Henry Luttell,

John Andrew Ammon, . ,
V. P. MyeiBott (?) ....
Xavier Streuber (?) ...

6fr.

900 fr.
1620.
720.
180.
640.
180
190
190
190
200
170
150
160

900 ft*.
1620.
720.
180.
540.
100

21
170
160
160

80 fr.
140
180
160
179

Passenger List of the Ship " Elizabeth^' 1819. 257

Names

Nmnber

of
PenoDf

Freight

FMsage
Money

Paid
here

To be
Paid in
Philada

C^ree Hen^ Bute,

Jean Louis Kemser,

Geoige William Miller, . . .

8. T. Van de Graff,

Philip Pr. Leisaten, (?)...

George Eberle,

Carl Ollie

John Frederick Schuhardt,

Carl Rommel,

John Sautter,

Tomber(?)

Henry (Jei^er *

Conrad Neinstein,

Jacob Frederick Maechtle, .

Anton HanhauBsen, ,

John Henry Bura;,

C^rge Francis Klee,

John Jacob Keppel,

John Gteoree Heugel,

Barbara Scnwasen (?)

Barbara Etlung,

John Fuchs,

John Kucherer^

Bamdina Hulsing,

Barbara Jundt,

Maffdalena 4- Langin, . . . ,
Rudolph -f Haffmann, . . . ,

Elizabeth Hensin,

Maria Steinman,

Carl Lebold,

Jacob Stark,

Michael Haae,

John Gteoige Mauser,

John €^rge Weber,

Seligmann Zimem,

Jacob Fuchs,

Jacob Adolt,

John Leonard Gieser ,

Barbara Lang,

J. M. Schule,

€^ige Peter Gieser,

John S. Kline,

Henry Steinman, ,

Jacob Breitenbucher,

Obristina -f- Keim,

John €^ive Gundt,

Frederick Seitz,

F. Lennig,

Carl Schuele,

JohnSchmitt,

John Haas (?)

Reichard Siutzer,

William A. Diecken,

Anna Melinger,

fr.

1*
2*

200 fr.

200

290

200

190

200

190

200

760

190

200

190

200

180

200

170

190

200

190

180

190

180

190

180

700

190

180

425

610

160

180

120 fr.

180
170

120
170
180

180
180
700

180
426
610
160
180

200 fr.

200

170

200

190

200

140

200

760

190

200

190

120

190

200

200
200

190
200
190
190
180
190

190

VOL. XXV. — 17

268 Passenger List of the Ship « Mzabeth,'' 1819.

Names

Ludwie Beiff,

OonradKerel,

AugUBtin Wandd,

Jolm €^TKe Beiner,

OhrUtiaii Frederick Beinhold, . .

Adam Gtolhart

John IVederick Guedeman, . . . .
Anton Yanbun, (?) .
Jaoob Frederick Ldn
Xavier Vanbun, ....
Gottfried Schink, ..

HenrrHofer,

Gottfried Straub. . . .
Caspar Walber (?) )
Simon Walber (7) V
Jacob Walber (?)j

Nmnber

of
Penons

Freigbt

Money

200 fr.

200

170

200

670

Paid
here

170 fr;

To be
Piddin
Pliilada

200 fr.

200

200
570

Letter of Lambert Cadwalader to Timothy Pickering. 269

LBTTBE OF LAMBBBT CADWALADER TO TIMOTHY
PICKERING ON THE CAPTURE OP PORT WASH-
INGTON.

TBXsrroVy May 1822«
Dear sib.

I rec* your Letter of the 16*** inflt. and thank yon for the
Liformation it contains.

It is now more than Forty five years since the AfiBur of
Fort Washington, and though it can scarcely be expected I
should be able, after so long an Interval, to afford you a full
Narrative of all the Incidents that occur'd on the Day of
the Attack, yet I have it in my Power, in some Measure, to
satisfy your Inquiries. I shall however avail myself, in per-
forming this Task, and to save Trouble, of a Statement of
this Nature, wh I made in the year 1811, at the Request of
a Friend of mine, formerly a Captain in the 8^ Pennsylvania
Battalion wh I commanded in the War of the Revolution,
who was writing a Book entitled " Memoirs of a Life chiefly
passed in Pennsylvania within the last Sixty years,'' in which
he mentions the Attack on Fort Washington, and our Posts,
on the Island of New York.

My Statement commences on Page 175 of that Work,
and ends in Page 180, with my Arrival at the Fort; ex-
clusively of which I furnished not a single Sentence pub-
lished in the Book. I however recommend to your Notice,
a Paragraph of the Author, in his Book pages 188, 189, in
which he ^ves the following extract from Gen* Washing-
ton's Letter to Congress.

" I sent a Billet to Col* Magaw directing him to hold out,
and I would endeavour in the Evening to bring off the
Gkkrrison, if the Fortress could not be maintained, as I did
not expect it cauld^ the Enemy being possessed of the adjacent

260 Letter of Lombert Oadwalader to Timothy Pickering.

GraundJ^ When I arrived at the Port, I found the Britisli
had sacceeded, in their several Attacks, and were in Poe-
session of all the Ground, except that in which the Fort
stood. That they should have been possessed of all the
adjacent Ground with the Force they employed, could not
well be wondered at, when it is known,

r* That the Post on the Rear of Mount Washington was
attacked by 8000 Hessians, against CoP Rawlins's single
Regiment of Riflemen.

2**^ That the Post at the Point on Haarlem River, oppo-
site to Fort Washington, was assailed by the British Guards
b Light Infantry, and defended by a raw Regiment of
Militia.

8*^ That at Roger Morris's House, not a Man was posted
for Defence, and when Six or Seven Hundred Highlanders
approached the Shore, the only opposition they encountered
was by the Detachment of about 150 Men from the lower
Line wh they could not well spare.

4. That the Attack on the Lower Line, extending across
the Island of New York, was by 1600 British Troops
against 660 Men ; the Number of Men left after the De-
tachment of 150 Men was sent to Roger Morris's House.
The lower lane required 8000 Men for an efficient Defence.

The Assailants in the whole, were estimated at 7000, sup-
ported by the British Army.

The Fort and the extent of the Ground, including the
Flanks on the Haarlem and North Rivers, required at least
8000 Men. The Fort I always considered as an open Field
Fort — constructed of earth, without Casemates, or even
Shelter— (the Cannon, Iron six Pounders) without any
Qualification, or Character, which could possibly be con-
strued into a Fortress, capable of standing a Siege, against
a regular Army, ftimished with Artillery.

Before I left the Fort, many Weeks previous to the At-
tack, to take charge of the lower Line and the adjacent
Ground, I h[ad] a Conversation with the commanding Officer
on the Island, in which I most forcibly inculcated the Ne-

Letter of Lambert Cadwalader to Timothy Pickering. 261

ceseily of instantly attending to the ftill Supply of Water,
Ammunition, and ProvisionB, and every Thing requisite for
the Defence of the Fort, and also proposed to him to form
a Work which I conceived would be of great Importance in
flanking the Enemy should they attempt to ascend the Hill
in Eear of Mount Washington — ^the Spot they actually
selected for the Attack ; all of which he cordially approved.

General Washington's Idea of the Incompetency of the
Fort, to make a serious Defence, is sufBlciently evinced in
his Billet to CoP Magaw; and, I may add the Sentiment
entertained by Gten' Charles Lee, who in a Conversation he
had with me, reprobated the Measure of keeping the Garri-
son on New York Island ; and said when he rec* the Intel-
ligence of the unfortunate event, he was so excited, that he
tore the Ebir out of his Head.

I have thus, with Candour and Impartiality given you the
best Information m my Power, and if the Facts I have dis-
closed, should bear hard upon the Advisers and Abettors,
of the fatal Measure of keeping the Troops on the Island,
after General Washington had crossed, to the West Side of
the North Biver, and whilst General Howe was marching
his Army down to King's Bridge, I would not take a
Feather from the Weight which must fiall on their Heads,
however dignified, or however high they may have ranked
in the Army.

I find from what you have mentioned of your Age, that
you will number 77 years on the 17*** July next, new Style,
and I sincerely congratulate you that you " have eiyoyed
uninterrupt Health, and that your Strength and Activity
are not greatly diminished." In Eetum I have to inform
you, that on the 2* July next old Style, I shall complete my
79*** year, a Period, exceeding by several years, that of any
of my Family, and which I never was encouraged to look
to ; having experienced much Sickness in early, and middle
Life.

I hope it will suit your Convenience to call on me— it
VTill gratify me exceedingly to see you at my House, and

262 Letter of Lambert Oouboalader to Jlmothjf Pickering.

indulge with you in taUdng over old Times. Pew remain
who can look so far back as we can, and upon Scenes more
important to our Country,

With great Regard & Esteem

I remain, Dear Sir,
Your Obed* Serv*
Lamb^ Cadwaladbr.
CoL^ Timothy Piokbeing.

Letter of Ode/Justice John Marshall. 268

LETTER OP CHIEF-JUSTICE JOHN MAESHALL.

[Original in the Dreer Collection of the Historical Society of Penn-

aylyania.]

BiCHMOND July 27^ 1812
Dear Sir

I had this morning the pleasure of receiving your letter
of the 24*'' — ^The paper you mention reached me a few days
past k was read with attention and approbation. Your
wish respecting its republication vTill not be forgotten.

The view you take of the edict purporting to bear date
on the 28*^ of April 1811 appears to me to be perfecfly cor-
rect. I am astonished, if in these times any thing ought to
astonish, that the same impression is not made on all.

Although I have for several years forbom to intermingle
with those questions which agitate & excite the feelings of
party, it is impossible that I could be inattentive to passing
events, or an unconcerned observer of them. As they have
increased in their importance, the interest, which as an
American I must take in them, has also increased; and the
declaration of war has appeared to me, as it has to you, to
be one of those portentous acts which ought to concentrate
on itself the efforts of all those who can take an active part
in rescuing their country from the ruin it threatens. All
minor considerations should be waived ; the lines of sub-
division between parties, if not absolutely effiu^, should at
least be covered for a time ; and the great division between
the friends of peace ft the advocates of war ought alone to
remain. It is an object of such magnitude as to give to
almost every other, comparative insignificence ; and all who
wish peace ought to unite in the means which may facili-
tate its attainment, whatever may have been their differences
of opinion on other points.

On reading the decree of the 28*** of April I could not
avoid asking myself questions such as these.

264 Letter of Chief-Justice John Marshall.

This decree having been obviously fabricated since the
official declaration of the Prince Regent that the orders in
council would stand repealed so soon as the decrees of Ber-
lin k Milan should be proved by an authentic document to
be revoked, why was it not dated on the I** of November 1810
instead of the 28*^ of April 1811 ? Since the one date
might have been affixed to it as readily as the other, why was
not that date affixed which would have saved the feelings of
the American government by supporting the assertion it has
uniformly made in its diplomatic intercourse with foreign
governments, in its domestic official commimications, k in
its legislative acts ? — assertions on the truth of which our
whole system stands? Had France felt for the United
States any portion of that respect to which our real im-
portance entities us, would she have failed to give this proof
of it? But regardless of the assertion made by the Presi-
dent in his Proclamation of the 2^ of Nov' 1810, regardless
of the communications made by the Executive to tiie Leg-
islature, regardless of the acts of Congress, and regardless
of the propositions which we have invariably maintained
in our diplomatic intercourse with Great Britain, the Em-
peror has given a date to his decree, k has assigned a motive
for its enactment, which in express terms contradict every
assertion made by the American nation throughout all the
departments of its government, k removed the foundation
on which its whole system has been erected. The motive
for this offensive k contemptuous proceeding cannot be to
rescue himself from the imputation of continuing to enforce
his decrees after their formal repeal, because this imputation
is precisely as applicable to a repeal dated the 28*^ of April
1811 as to one dated the 1"* of November 1810, since the
execution of those decrees has continued after the one date
as well as after the other. Why then is this obvious fabri-
cation such as we find it? Why has M' Barlow been un-
able to obtain a paper which might consult the honor k
spare the feelings of his government ? The answer is not
to be disguised. Bonaparte does not sufficientiy respect us

Letter of Cfdef-Justice John MarshalL 2«6

to exhibit for our Bake, to Prance, to America, to Britain,
or to the world, any evidence of his having receded one
step from the position he had taken. He could not be
prevdled on, even after we had done all he required,
to soften any one of his acts bo far as to give it the
appearance of his having advanced one step to meet us.
That this step or rather the appearance of having taken
it, might save our reputation was regarded as dust in
the balance. Even now, aft;er our solemn & repeated
assertions that our discrimination between the belligerants
is foimded altogether on a first advance of France, — on
a decisive & imequivocal repeal of all her obnoxious de-
crees ; after we have engaged in a war of the most calami-
tous character, avowedly, because France had repealed those
decrees, the Emperor scorns to countenance the assertion or
to leave it uncontradicted. He avers to ourselves, to our
selected enemy, ft to the world, that, whatever pretexts we
may assign for our conduct, he has in &ct ceded nothing, he
has made no advance, he stands on his original groimd &
we have marched up to it We have submitted, completely
submitted ; & he will not leave us the poor consolation of
concealing that submission from ourselves. But not even
our submission has obtained relief. His cruizers still con-
tinue to capture, sink, bum, & destroy.

I cannot contemplate this subject without excessive mor-
tification as well at the contempt with which we are treated
as at the in&tuation of my coimtrymen. It is not however
for me to indulge these feelings though I cannot so entirely
suppress them as not sometimes though rarely to allow them
a place in a private letter.

With respectftil esteem

I am Sir your obed* serv*
J Marshall.
To B. Smith.

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282 Notes and Queries.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Lbttbb of William Pbkn to Bobebt Hablet, 1701. —

Augwt j97. — ^I cannot forbear thinking myself safe where I haye such

a Mend in the chair. It is the idea we hare of things that roles our

determinations, and if that be wrongly taken, our condusions will be so

made.

That the notion men hare at an office or two is in disfiiToar of pro-

Srietary governments I can't wonder at, because it is not always what
\ just but what is profitable to themselyes that is the spring of motion.

I think it is no hard task to prove that it is easier for the crown to
make colonies and improve them at other folks' cost, than at its own,
and that those people have a better caution and security for their conduct
than a mercenary governor or those that have not so much to lose.

If it be alleged that the temptation of gain will prevail with such as
have power in their hands to secure themmlves in un&ir ways of prose-
cuting it, I take leave to say, no, where the King has approved of a
Deputy Govtfnor no more thian if he named him, especially if he is
obliged to give security for his fEuthftil discham of his duty to the laws
of trade and navigation — which would not be denied — besides, the King
has already his Vice- Admirals, Judges of the Admiralty, Advocates,
Gollectore, Surveyore, and Auditors in endi proprietary government I
must think that so many spies cannot but be a security, and that no wise
man will hazard a country to indulge a fow traders, not twenty periiaps,
in a whole province. And to think that a King's governor who comes
only to get money, and is perhaps indigent, shoiSd not lie under at least
eqiud temptations with a proprietary one, were a partiality. I know
not what they may do, but what they have done fiivours my argument

This leads me to affirm that being King's governments, the end pro-
posed to prevent Mae trade will not dp it, and if so, the hardship is
imposed in vain. For I convinced the Lords, before whom I had five
hearings upon this very suggestion, by the confession of the same prose-
cutor, Ed : Randall, that notwithstanding the activity and vigilance of
Governor Nicolson, and the almost ubiquity and penetration of the otiier
single eyed gentleman, Maryland since a King's government was twenty
seven times a greater sinner than we were, ^d more, that of the nine
ships, that is, sloops and brigantines, that he with too great assurance
averred were gone m>m our province to Scotland or Holland, I found that
they all answered the laws of trade but one, and she had given bond,
which is all we are obliged to expect by law.

It can never enter tJ^e head of any reasonable man, that we should
labour to cut the grass under our own feet, which we must do, if to let
others be rich we would ruin ourselves, by being the security of the
whole to the crown.

In practice, they that improve most, are the profitablest colonies to the
crown, but those are known to be proprietary ones. And again, if it be

Notes and Queries. 288

considered who they are that rise more by trade than culture, they will
be found to be the King's more immediate goyemments as they are used
to be distinguished. Upon which let the question be put, who are most
likely to be vicious in trade, and I believe we shall escape the stroke of
the hand now lifted up at us.

Yet again, let it but be remembered that our staple is provision to the
Islands, in which regard we have not the opportunity of &lse trade, if
we had the inclination ; for those Colonies are most to be apprehended,
that trade above their own produce, whereas, we have not shipping to
export one half of it, but in bottoms of New York and New England.

However, I think the commission of the Customs is not changed upon
every trick a merchant plays in trade. Let our fiiults be proved, first
the &cts, next the malice or intention ; but not behind our backs ; civil
causes may, but this is of a criminal nature, and a Bill to punish us
before tried is worse than one of attainder.

My worthy Mend, this seems to me great trifling with honour and
property, when men must be forfeited in both, unheard, and which is
worse, innocent, aye, meritorious ; pardon the expression, I hope it is
not vain ; time, if I may have it and live, will secure me.

I humbly b^ that if any Bill be brought in against us next sessions,
I may have time to come home, and in order to it, that the Eang
would approve of a deputy, according to the law of the seven and eight
of his reign, without which no man will serve, as without one I cannot
well leave the government. Here's my dilemma, abdicate, or lose my
government for not doing so, if the Parliament will proceed in my
absence.

The confusion these things breed here is treating government and gov-
ernors in burlesque.

I shall conclude my letter, with two things. First that the preamble
of the Bill, as to me, is most untrue, for I am so £Bir fi^m being an inde-
pendent governor that no King's governor in America has obeyed and
pursued fiie King's directions more readily and vigorously than I have
done, and in all respects to my ability, submitted to his orders. In fine,
I have acted the part of the King's governor at my own charges, and
pray that my letters to the CouncS of Trade and Commissioners of the
Admiralty and Customs may be called for in my justification, for the first
have not used me with candour in their representation. I might add
upon this head that by my grant, appeals are reserved to the King, laws
of trade to be observed, and our laws to be transmitted for the King's
assent Such a grant and government cannot with justice, I think, be
reputed independent

Next, I have sunk my fortune and fiunily 20,000/. above my gain by
land, to make and succeed this enterprise, which the loss of the govern-
ment will make one to me, and never count upon the money owing from
the Crown to my father, that was at the bottom the consideration of the
grant, as my petitions, ^c show.

If therefore we must lose it let us be tried, if nevertheless the King
will have it, let us have our equivalent, and time to n^ociate tlus, or a
gaol instead of a government must determine my ha^rds, labour and
expense. Let it not be said that a Parliament of England, the people's
last resort for right, should ex parte, deprive whole provinces of tiieir
first and chief encouragement to planting of them.

TMs is the diamond, the soil but the ring, and that we bought of the

284 Notes and Quaries.

natiyeSy and hare made it English property by our blood and boncB as
well aa treamire ; and to have a proviao to save us thia only is a jest
rather than a security or privilege.

It is pretended the King's service, but I hope reason of State shall
never be one to violate property ; and I am afraid, it is the service of
some body else, that would have no dissenters governors, for all the pro-
prietary ones began upon that bottom, Carolina excepted ; and then our
case must be desperate, that shall not be allowed such accountable powers
at t'other end of the world, to be made inhabitable by our toil, hazard
and great expense. I may add an other, that some people may have
more governments to excise (He) and gov^nors to go halves with.

Paidon, my worthy friend, this tedious and unpremeditated letter.
Sufferers are always fhll, but so I am of deep respect for thee.

Stage Travellixo in 1882. — ^I left Northumberland on the 28d of
August, found our friends at Harrisburg awaiting our arrival, they
having reached H. at four in the afternoon, we at nine in the night,
agreeable to the present arrangement of Stage travelling, ... it is the
ordering of the times to travd by night and rest by day ; this may do
for fashionable folk, but for travelleis I have cause to enter my protest
against it We spent the 24th very pleasantiiy ... at Buhler's Hotel,
a large establishment, poor beds and good table ; the reverse would have
suited me better.

At eleven o'clock at night on the 24th we left Harrisburg for Cham-
bcrsburg, which we reached at six in the morning, to break&st, a short
ride this, only fifty miles ; — ^in former times I remember twelve and
twenty were thought sufficient to give one an appetite for the morning
repast, not so now, in these days of reform. At this place, we had been
informed, we should meet the stage which went on to Hageistown and
Frederick, but not so, upon enquiry we learned the stage from Chambers-
burg on, went only every other day, Sundays never, so we had no alterna-
tive . . . but to content ourselves to remain at Seider's Hotel until
ten o'clock on Second day morning ; this circumstance was attended with
peculiar vexation, because, had we received proper information from
those whose business it was to be acquainted with the stage route, we
should have remained with our friends at Harrisburg . . . and escaped
a very unpleasant cold night ride.

S7th, We proceeded on our journey 26 miles to Hagerstown, where we
arrived at two o'clock, expecting to go on to Frederidc — but not yet —
we must try again how we liked turning night into day, so we were shown
into our chambers at Schneibly's hotel ; a dirtier, more wretched, com-
fortless place I will defy the universe to produce, considering the size of
the mansion, two or three parlours, and fifty or sixty chambers.

Here we were obliged to pass the remainder of the day and get into
the stage for Frederidk at twelve o' clock at night We did not know over
what sort of roads nor what sort of driver or horses, and the darkest of
nights, without lamps, nor moon to cheer our forlorn way ; we however,
arrived in safety at Thomas's hotel in Frederick at six o'clock in the
morning.

Pbivate Libbabies. — ^Mr. G. Hedeler, of Leipzig, G^ermany, is
compiling the second part of lus "List of Private Libraries," which
will contain upwards of six hundred private collections in the United

Notes and Queries. 286

States and Great Britain. Those with whom Mr. Hedeler has been on*
able to communicate, are requested to furnish him witii details as to
the extent of their libraries and the special direction to which they devote
their researches. Address G. Hedeler, 18 Nfimberger Str., Leipzig,
G^ermany.

Fenbobe Family. — ^My mother's great-great-grand&ther, Bartholo-
mew Penrose, of Philadelphia, shipwright, in his will, dat^ December,
1709, bequeathed a nominal l^acy to his ^'brother Thomas Penrose in
the Kingiom of England shipwright" The will of this brother has
been found in the Prerogatiye Court of Canterbury, dated March 17,
1721, and proved June 27, 1722, by his widow and executrix. The fol-
lowing abstract of it has been made by Miss Walford :

I Thomas Penrose of the parish of Bedmister in Co. Somerset, ship-
wright

I give to my wife Elizabeth Penrose my manor or reputed manor and
mansion house of Moreton in the said county, and all the lands, tene-
ments &c. &c. thereto belonging lying in Moreton in the Parish of
Compton Martin in the said county ; and my messuage and lands lying at
a place called Eudgehill within the parish of Winford in the said county,
in the holding of George Brocke my tenant ; my toft or tenement called
Pages tenement ; my messuage and tenement called Sheppards witii the
lands thereto belonging ; and the parcel of ground called the Fifteen
Acres late Clarkes ; my messuage called Sea Wall tenement, all which
said last mentioned premises are in the parish of Kingston Seymour in
the said county ; and my parcel of ground called Hickeswarth in the
parish of Clevedon in the said county ; my messuage called the White
Hart lying near a place called the Lime Eilnes in the par. of Clifton
and county of Gloucester ; and the reveisions and remainders of all the
said premises : To hold to my said wife for life, subject to the payment
of the yearly sum of £40 clear to my son Bomney Penrose and the heiis
of his body ; for de&ult to my daughters Elizabeth, now wife of Ed-
ward Lowe, and Anne Penrose and their heirs. After the death of my
said wife I give all the said premises to my said son Romney and the
heirs of his body, for default to my said daughters Elizabeth and Anne
and their heirs for ever.

I also give to my said wife my messuage or fieurm which I bought of
Thos. Goldney and Bichard Hawksworth in the said parish of Kingston
Seymour for her life subject to the payment of the yearly rent of £15 to
my said dau. Anne and the heirs of her body ; for d^ault to my said
son Bomney and dau. Elizabeth Lowe and their heirs.

After the death of my said wife I give the said messuage to my said
dau. Anne and the heirs of her body ; for default to my said son Bomney
and dau. Elizabeth and their heirs for ever.

To my said dau. Anne £300 at her age of 21 years.

I give to my said wife a silver tankard engraved with the name of the
"Cranfeild Frigott," 1 large silver bason and 2 pairs of candlesticks,
which after her death shall go to my said children.

The provisions herein made for my said wife and children are in fiill
satisfiu^ion of all settlements made on them by indentures of lease and
release made 4th and 5th November 1702, and the dower of my said wife.

I give to my son Thomas Penrose my messuage or dwelling house
wherein I now dwell in Bedmister aforesaid with the dock, out houses.

286 Notes and Queries.

grounds Ac thereto belonging ; and mj meflsuage in Baldwin street in

the parish of St Stephen in Bristol^ and all those closes (part of Pages

Tenement) containing 20 a. to hold to him and to the heirs of his h^j

dorinff the remainder of mj term and estate therein ; and for de&olt I

give llie same to my said son Bomney and his heirs for ever.

N B
I give to the said Thomas my great silver tankard marked m'^*

Whereas I have given a bond for the payment of £400 to the use of
my said son Thomas, yiz £100 at his age of 21 years and the rest at my
death, I now give to him £800 which together with the legacies given to
him herein miake up the said £400.

I give to my said wife all my household goods, Ac ; and I hereby
leave to her the tuition of my said daughter Anne during her minority.

To my brother James Penrose £10.

I not only forgive and release to the heirs and exors. of my late
brother Bartholomew Penrose lately residing in '^Pensilvana" all the
money he owed me, but I also give to his cMldren £5. when they shall
come and demand the same.

All the rest of my goods to my said wife whom I make sole executrix.

I appoint Christopher Shuter, Esq., late Mayor of Bristol, John
Etwell of the same city, M.D., Captain Edmund Saunders and Mr.
Bichard Battiscomb to be overseers.

YHiereas sometime ago I contracted with Bobert Knight, Esq., lately
treasurer of the South Sea Company for the sale to him and his heirs
for ever of my said manor of Moreton, and all my said messuage, lands
Ac in Compton Martin, Kingston Seymour and Clevedon for £7800.
whereof £1000 was paid, I now desire my said overseers to endeavour
to get the said contract performed.

Tho. PENBoes.

Witnesses:

Tho. Coules, Sid. Feast Hen. Bampton.

The will of Thomas's son Thomas, dated November 21, 1728, has also
been abstracted.

Chablbb p. Kbith.

New England Company (Penna. Mao., Vol. XXIV. p. 627;
Vol. XXV. p. 142).— I would state that the part of Book A of Sur-
veys, in the office of the surveyor-general of West Jersey, at Burlington,
consists of twenty-one pages in the front of the b6ok, on one of which
is written: ''Here begins the Disbursement of the Corporation, by
virtue of their Charter from the Kings Most Excellent Ma^ dat 7*^ of
Febru : 1661." The book is bound in ftill leather and is eleven by sev-
enteen and three inches thick. The accounts begin April 2, 1655, and
the last entry is April 10, 1666 — ^from 1655 to 1661 being on loose
leaves, apparently part of the former account book. It is most likely,
being almost a comply blank book, with only a few pages used, the
proprietors of West Jersey appropriated it for tibe use of the surveyor-
general's minute book. The entries seem to indicate that it was ihe
beginning of a new account book, and not the lost minute book. The
"Two Ancient Folios" referred to by Francis B. Lee (p. 143) appear
to have belonged to the same lot.

B. J. DUTTON.

BuBLnroTON, New Jbbset.

Notes and Queries. 287

Abstbagts op Couimr Wills and Index to Administeations.
-In the Genealogical Collection of the Hiatorical Society of Pennsyl-
vania will be fonnd abfrtaraete of wills on record in the coantiee of Phil-
adelphia, 1682-1802 ; Bucks, 1686-1826 ; Chester, 1714-1777 ; Lan-
caster, 1721-1820; York, 1749-1820; Northampton, 1762-1802;
Berks, 1762-1826. Indices to Administrations in Philadelphia, 1683-
1825; Bucte, 1718-1881; Chester, 1714-1844; Lancaster, 1780-1830,
and Delaware coonties, 1789-1881.

dlnetie0*

Evan, Evans, DAVTD.—The will of David Evan, or Evans, is dated
27th September, 1745. He styles himself " of the City of Philada. , gent"
He mentions his loving wife Elizabeth, brother-in-law John Owen, of
Springfield, county of Chester. ' <My six grandchildren! who are chUcbren
of my two deceased dan^ters, Susanna and Margaret by a former wife."
His son Evan when of age. Trustees, Evan Jones of Merion, son of
Thomas Jones, deceased, and Owen Jones of the said CSty of Philada.
'' My four children by my present wife, son Evan, and ^ghters Be-
becca, Sidney and Sarah." Proved 2d December, 1745, Philada., will
book H, page 80. In ''Merion in the Welsh Tract," it states that
Evan died prior to 1762, Bebecca died unmarried, Sarah the same,
Sidney married Joseph Howell of Chester, and that Margaret (who is
stated to have been a daughter by the last wife) died unmarried 4-12-
1734. Of course this is an error. Margaret was a daughter by the first
wife who married and left issue. The second wife was Elizabeth, a
daughter of Bobert and Bebecca Owen, of Merion. The information
now desired is the full maiden name of the first wife of David Evan, with
the married names of the daughters, Susanna and Margaret, with the
names of their husbands.

Howard Williams Lloyd.

Stephenson. — ^Wanted, ancestry of Elizabeth Stephenson, bom June
27, 1775, in Pennsylvania, married March, 1791, probably in Washing-
ton County, Pennsylvania, Jonathan Jennings, bom May 14, 1769, in
New Jersey. The &mily removed from Washington County, Pennsyl-
vania, to Washington County, Ohio, in 1801. llie elder children were
bom in or near Brownsville, Washin^gton County, Pennsylvania. Eliza-
beth had several brothers and sisters. John removed to Parkersburg,
West Virginia ; Bhoda married William Hill ; Nancy married Nathani^
Mitchell ; Patty married Hall. The Hills and Mitchells also re-
moved to Washington County, Ohio.

FiBST Namesake of Washington.— The Pennsylvania OazetU of \
November 8, 1775, contains the following notice of baptism of a child
named after Washington. Is there a record of any earlier one, not con-
nected with the Washington family?

Nsw CA8TLB October 17, 1775.

Last Sunday the Bev. Joseph Montgomery of this place, baptized a
son of Mr. Zachariah Vanlemenigh's by the name of Geobge Wash-
ington.

Vvndt amor Patrice immensa laudaing cupide, X.

288 Notes cmd Queries.

'Replies*

UiovEBSiTY OP Pennsylvania Faculty (Penna. Mag., Vol.
XXIV. p. 261.)— PhiUp Syng, of Philadelphia (1708-1789). He was
bom in Irelana, Septemb^ 29, 1708. Sailed from Bristol, England,
with &ther of same name, arriying at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July
14, 1714. Philip, the &ther, removed later to Annapolis, Marylanc^
but his son made Philadelphia his home. His &ther died in 1789,
May 18, aged sixty-three years ; he was a goldsmith and so was his son,
the said Philip of Philadelphia, the latter also holding the following
positions and offices : Original member of Philadelphia Library Com-
pany, do. of the American Philosophical Society (invented and made
an electrical machine, as mentioned by Franklin), vestryman, Olmst
Church (1747-1749), promoted Association Battery (1748), a Warden
of the Port of Philadelphia (1758), and Treasurer of the city from
1759 to 1769 ; trustee of Academy and CoU^e from foundation until
1778, Provincial Commissioner of Appeals (1765), member of Franklin's
'' Junto" and of the " Colony in Schuykill," contributor to the Penn-
sylvania Hospital. He died May 8, 1789, leaving, by his wifo, Elizabeth
Warner (m. February 5, 1780), daughtera, but no sons.

BOWULNDflVILLB, MABTLAND. P- S. P. CONNEB.

J9oolK 1totfce0.

Immigration of the Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania, 1682-
1750, WITH Their Early History in Irelanp. By Albert
Cook Myers, B.L.

In this work is presented a feature of the early immigration into
Pennsylvania hitherto overlooked by historians of the State. The Irish,
or more properly the Anglo-Irish and Scotch-Irish Quakers, settled in
particularly the city of Philadelphia and in what are now the counties
of Chester and Delaware, the township of New Garden in Chester County
being settled almost entirely by them. The descendants of these settlers,
numbered by the thousands, hiftve scattered to all parts of the Union.

The materials for this volume have been carefhlly and systematically
collected from widely scattered sources : the manuscript records of all
the monthly meetings of Friends established in Pennsylvania prior to
1750 ; the Friends' records of the Province of Ulster, in Ireland, and
those collected in Dublin ; the Biblioth^ue Nationale in Paris ; the
British Museum ; the Friends' Library of Devonshire House in Lon-
don ; the Bodleian Library of Oxford University ; and at the Public
Becord Office in Dublin.

Many new &cts have been obtained concerning the fiunilies of Logan,
Hollingsworth, Harlan, Parke, Fredd, Hutton, Dixson, Gregg, Kirk,
Starr, Carlton, Milhouse, Hobson, Wilkinson, Wily, Greer, Faucett,
Clark, Moore, Lowden, Lightfoot, Wright, Wilson, Valentine, Webb,
Stanfield, Hillary, Bell, Matthews, Chambers, Bradshaw, Hoope or
Hoopes, Sheppard, Beverly, Bobson, McMillan, Marsh,- Hinshaw, Pim,
Blackburn, Calvert, Booke, and notes relating to the families of Chand-
lee, Truman, Turner, Canady or Kennedy, Pennock, Musgrave, Miller,
Gamett, Jackson, Whinery, Steer, and many others.

Many ancient documents and letters written by the early settlers are
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Vol. XXV.

OCTOBCR. 1901

No. 99

THE / , 1

PENNSYLVANIA
MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

PUBLISHED BY

THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA

roR SUn5CRI»CRS
PHII^nCLPHlA

1901

Tvt Sal* M 1300 Locm Sbnint. MiaUdal]!!)!^ Mc^ 7f
per Huntlx*'. or ll.«> fm* >«ar

CONTENTS.

Wkmm

Life of Maiigaret Shippen, wife of Benedlot Arnold. By Lewis Bwrd

Walker. (Continued,) (FronHtpiece,) 28^

Biographical Sketch of Colonel Thomas Hartley, of the Pennsylya-

niaLine. By John W. Jordan, {PortraiL) .... 308

Dean Tacker* s Pamphlet. * ' A Letter from a Merchant in London to

his Nephew in North America/ '1766. {Continued,) (.Fhc-wmfe.) 307

Aweasment of Damages done by the British Troops daring the

Occupation of Philadelphia, 1777-1778. {OmHnued,) . 323

Johann GottMed SeeUg and the Hymn-Book of the Hermits of the

Wissahickon. By Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker . . 386

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey, of Pennsylvania. (Con-
Hnued.) 341

Letters of Presidents of the United States and ** Ladies of the White

House." (Continued,) 366

A Collection of Puns and Witticisms of Judge Richard Peters . 366

Letter of G^eral Washington to Lieutenant-Colonel John Laurens,

1780 370

Papers relating to the Founding by the *' Society for the Propaga-
tion of the Grospel in Foreign Parts," London, of the Missions
at Reading and Morlattan, Berks County, Pennsylvania. By
B, F. Owen. (Continued.) 372

The late Major James Edward Carpenter 383

Index to American Portraits. By Bunford Samuel. (Concluded.) , 384

Ship Registers for the Port of Philadelphia, 1726-1776. (Con-

tinued.) 400

Notes and Queries 417

Book Notices , . . 432

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.//r'r' /w/ /f/r-r /^'/^ . //> 1^/'/^ '>^ ^/

THE

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

Vol. XXV. 1901. No. 3.

LIFE OP MAEGARET SHIPPEN, WIPE OP BENEDICT

ARNOLD.

BY LEWIS BUBD WALKER.

(Continued firom page 190.)
A QUESTION OF MOTIVES.

If we clearly set forth all the circumstances which might
tend to influence the conduct of Margaret Arnold, it will
aid the reader to determine what course of action she prob-
ably pursued.

The only motive assigned for her conduct in the allega-
tion that she committed treason is in Burros charge that she
was an " extravagant woman. There is no doubt, therefore,
that for the purpose of acquiring the means of gratifying an
inordinate vanity, she contributed greatly to the utter ruin
of her husband.'*

As to the charge of extravagance, we can say that Arnold
was extravagant before his marriage, and had even then
opened up a correspondence with the British. In all the
circumstances of her after-life Margaret Arnold was very
economical in the expenditure of money, and though per-
haps she may be blamed for not restraining Arnold's ex-
VOL.XXV.— 19 (289)

290 Life of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

penses, yet we muflt remember that it was in the first year
of her married life, when he was thirty-nine and she was
nineteen.

While Edward Shippen, in his letter of December 21,
1778, did complain of the increase of his expenses for that
year, we think that, as his family consisted of himself and
wife, four grown-up daughters, and one grown-up son, he
had no valid reason to complain that the living expenses of
his family, including the wedding of his eldest daughter,
reached nineteen hundred dollars in specie in the year 1778.
It was the cutting off of his income from his profession
that pinched him.

We have not been able to find any further evidence of the
alleged extravagance of Margaret Arnold; and, although
Aaron Burr may have supposed that the woman who, at the
hour of her deepest, greatest distress, could so utterly and
contemptuously scorn his advances must have possessed an
" inordinate vanity," yet we require better proof than his
assertion alone.

We think that affection for her kindred would furnish to
Margaret Arnold a more powerful motive for loyalty to
America than would the desire for wealth (to gratify an
" inordinate vanity") for treachery. During all her life she
exhibited remarkable attachment to and affection for her
relatives, and she certainly would not do anything to iiyure
them.

She was accustomed to meet cultivated society and men
of affidrs, and she well understood that British success
would have rendered every man who took part on the
American side guilty of treason.

Margaret Arnold knew this, and she knew that the penalty
was death, for the fate of Roberts and Carlisle was familiar
to every Philadelphian ; and in addition, her &ther had no
doubt told her how the heads of traitors were exposed on
Temple Bar. The executions that followed the Scotch Re-
bellion of 1745, the Lord Gordon Riots of 1780, and the
Irish Rebellion of 1798 show how bloody would have been

Life of Margaret SMppen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 291

the British triumph. That triumph would have rendered
eleven of her near relatives and connections liable to execu-
tion for treason, whom we will name as follows: Edward
Shippen, of Lancaster, her grandfather ; Dr. William Ship-
pen the elder, her grandfether's brother ; Dr. William Ship-
pen the younger, her fether's first cousin ; Colonel James
Burd, her uncle; Edward Burd, her brother-in-law ; Jasper
Teates, married to her first cousin, Sarah Burd; Curtis
Grubb, married to her first cousin, Mary Shippen Burd ;
James Willing, her father's first cousin ; Tench Tilghman,
her own first cousin ; Tench Francis, her uncle ; and Kichard
Willing, her fether's first cousin.

If we are to judge firom the motives which influenced
Margaret Arnold, we feel certain that she was guiltless of
treason.

ANSWER TO CHARGES AGAINST MRS. ARNOLD.

We think we have clearly shown that the accusations
against Mrs. Arnold have not been sustained by any satisfac-
tory proof. In a legal trial such a state of facts would ren-
der it unnecessary for her to make any defence. But we
now propose to give such evidence as will clearly establish
her innocence, and for convenience we divide it into classes
as follows :

1. The opinion of the people at the time of the treason.

2. Mrs. Arnold's own statements, conduct, and character.
8. Opinions and conduct of her relations and friends.

4. Opinions of generals, etc., who had opportunities of
personal observation.

5. Opinions of historians who have examined the subject

6. Arnold's statements, actions, and conduct

Ih-st. The people did not believe her guilty. In Sparks's
"Life of Arnold" (Boston, 1885), page 299, it is stated,—

** In her travels throngh the country, she was every where treated with
a respect and forbearance hardly to have been expected in the exasperated
state of public feeling which then prevailed ; a proof that, although
unfortunate in her alliance with a traitor, she was not considered guilty
of participating in his crimes.''

292 Uft of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Second. Mrs. Amold^s statements, conduct, and character
are inconsistent with the idea of her guilt

a. We have the proof that she publicly asserted and
claimed she was innocent The account of Hamilton is
conclusive on this subject; he says, "she is very apprehen-
sive the resentment of her country will fall upon her (who is
only unfortunate) for the guilt of her husband,*' etc.

b. Washington gave her the choice whether to join her
husband in New York or return to her father in Philadel-
phia. She chose to return to her fether. If guilty, this
was the most perilous course she could adopt She had
seen how violent was the hatred of the mob, for her hus-
band had previously been the object of its fury. She well
knew the deadly character of its rage, for " Port Wilson"
was only a square from her father's house, and her sister's
husband, " Neddy" Burd, had been in the house during the
attack, and had told her how Captain Campbell had been
killed and how narrow had been the escape of all the rest
from death. And she was but too well aware of the nature
of the penalty of treason, for it had not been two years since
the execution of Roberts and Carlisle had horrified the
people of Philadelphia.

Let any reader who is disposed to think that the sex of
Mrs. Arnold would have obtained immunity for her, if con-
victed of treason, ponder well the stories of Marie An-
toinette and Madame Roland. Their fate in those days of
Jacobinism is a sufficient answer to any doubts.

If guilty, prudence demanded that the papers at West
Point should be destroyed, yet this was not done.

c. The character of Mrs. Arnold herself, as we know it
and have attempted to portray it, is the strongest evidence
to be found that she was innocent of treachery. She came
of a race noted for fidelity, honesty, and truth, and she was
proud of her kindred, who had suffered for their opinions
both in England and in America. The manner in which
she discharged the duties of life affords us an example well
worthy of imitation. In that character, whose fascinating

JLife of Margaret Shippertj Wife of Benedict Arnold. 298

gracee almost concealed the good old-faahioned virtues
which she also possessed, there was no foul blot of treachery.
"A good tree cannot bring forth evil finiit.** It was no
traitress to America who wrote from England, —

"I was sincerely aorry to hear of the death of G^eneral Washington.
I admired his public, and revered his private Character. I fear that
America wiU sostain an irreparable Ices in him, as he appeared to pot-
eess the happy talent of uniting all Parties.''

In another letter she said, —

"I was very sorry to hear of (General Washington's Death ; nobody
in America could revere his character more than I did."

When Lord Lauderdale, after having fought a duel for
his animadversions upon Arnold in Parliament, " expressed
great concern" at finding that Mrs. Arnold "had been
made unhappy, and begged leave to wait upon her, to make
an apology," surely it was not a traitress for whom he was
thus concerned.

Third. The conduct and opinions of her relatives are
inconsistent with the idea of her guilt. What more peril-
ous place of residence could be found for her than Philadel-
phia ? What could be more foolish than for her relatives
to try every means in their power to induce the Council to
permit her to remain where she would constantly be ex-
posed to danger ? Unless she had been innocent, her uncle,
Colonel James Burd, would not have written to his son,
"Neddy" Burd, both soldiers in the Continental army:
" The affiedr of Mrs. Arnold gives us all great uneasiness,
we think it a little hard that the Councill would not grant
the Indulgence she Required we don't know what to think
of her going to New York but theres no help."

Among her relatives there is none so proud but feels
honored to claim kinship with her. Among all the differ-
ent branches of that diversified relationship there is one
uniform tradition to this day, that she was beautiful in
person, engaging in manners, devoted in her affection, and
guiltless of participation in her husband's treason.

294 Ufe of Margaret SMppen, Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Fourth. The opinions of officers who, from their pres-
ence at West Point or other circumstances, would have
knowledge of the facts are in favor of her innocence.

Washington's opinion is shown by his action in two
different particulars. First, he gave her the option to go to
her fether in Philadelphia or to her husband in New York.
Second, upon j&nding that Arnold had actually escaped to
the British, he informed her of the fact to relieve her
anxiety. We most confidently affirm that Washington
would have done neither of these things unless he had felt
convinced of Mrs. Arnold's innocence.

Rochambeau says (see 2 Am. Register, 168), " General
Washington found him [Arnold] gone, and Mrs. Arnold
not knowing what had become of her husband."

Hamilton says, " We have every reason to believe that
she was entirely unacquainted with the plan, and that the
first knowledge of it was when Arnold went to tell her he
must banish himself from his country and from her for
ever." We call the reader's particular attention to the use
of the word " we" in this sentence, showing that this was
the general opinion. It is the only time he uses " we" in
this narrative, while he has used " I" eight times.

d. We quote the following extract from a letter from
Lafayette to Chevalier Luzerne, dated at West Point on Sep-
tember 25, 1780 ; the whole letter is given in Vol. IL page 164
of Tower's " Lafayette in the American Revolution" :

'*The mihappy Mrs. Arnold did not know a word of this con-
spiracy ; her husband told her before going away that he was flying
never to come back, and he left her lying unconscious. When she came
to herself, she fell into frightful convulsions, and completely lost her
reason. We did everything we could to quiet her ; but she looked
upon us as the murderers of her husband, and it was impossible to
restore her to her senses. The horror with which her husband's con-
duct has inspired her, and a thousand other feelings, make her the most
unhappy of women.

''P. S. She has recovered her reason this morning, and as, you know,
I am upon very good terms with her, she sent for me to go up to her
chamber. General Washington and every one else here sympathize

lAfe of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 295

warmly with this estimable woman, whose face and whose youthfiilness
make her so interesting. She is going to Philadelphia ; and I implore
you, when you return, to use your influence in her favor. It would be
exceedingly painful to (General Washington if she were not treated with
the greatest kindness. You know the sentiments of the people and of
the Assembly of Pennsylvania. Your influence and your opinion,
emphatically expressed, may prevent her from being visited with a
vengeance which she does not deserve. Qeneral Washington will pro-
tect her also. As for myself you know that I have always been fond of
her, and at this moment she interests me intensely. We are certain she
knew nothing of the plot."

In the Shippen Papers, page lix, is the following state-
ment by Mrs. James Gibson :

"I propose now to relate an anecdote on this subject, which is fresh
to my own knowledge and recollection.

"Major Franks, of the Eevolutionary army, was a well known
acquaintance of my parents. He was respected and welcomed wherever
he went, for his social good humor and manly candor. In one of his
visits to Philadelphia, where his near relations resided, he was often at
my father's; and one day, when dining with other gentlemen at our
house, and my &ther and the others had returned to the parlor, my
mother detained Major Franks to converse with him respecting Mrs.
Arnold, whom she had recently heard very unjustly spoken o£ He
entered upon the subject with alacrity. Mama said to him, ' Tell me
Major Franks, what is your opinion and belief concerning her knowl-
edge of her husband's plans.' He quickly replied, * Madam she knew
nothing of them — ^nothing I She was as ignorant of them as a babe. ' His
manner was solemn and earnest, and I began to think it might be
proper for me to withdraw, but he said, 'Don't let Betsy go— I have
nothing to say that she may not hear.' Of course, I gladly resumed my
seat at the table, and he went on : — * Madam, I am glad you have men-
tioned this subject I have much to say. I am much distressed by it.
Within a few days I have heard, for the first time, things said of her
that are contrary to truth — ^&lse — utterly false I You know I was one
of Gen. Arnold's aids. He paid me the compliment to assign me the
particular duty of protecting Mrs. Arnold ; of attending to her safety,
her general welfrure, and her health. I was, in the General's fomily,
laughingly called the nurse / Her health was then delicate ; and while
General Arnold was in command at West Point, he frequently sent her
to different, sometimes distant parts of the country, on that side of the
river. He always sent a guard with her, besides her female attendant,
and gave me very particular charge over her welfare. He spoke of her

266 Ufe of Margaret ShippeUj Wife of Benedict AmolcL

suffering in the boBtie of the camp, and wished her to be reliered from
it daring the summer. I obeyed, nothing doubting, but considering him
a pattern for a husband, although other and &r different motives for
sending her away on these excursions afterwards came to light But^
madam, she knew nothing of his projects. In truth, she was subject to
occasional paroxysms of physical indisposition, attended by nervous
debility, during which she would give utterance to anything and every-
thing on her mind. This was a fact well known amongst us of the
General's &mily ; so much so as to cause us to be scrupulous of what
we told her or said within her hearing. General Arnold was guarded
and impenetrable towards all around him, and I should believe her to
have been ignorant of his plans, even without my knowledge of this
peculiar feature in her constitution ; but with it, such a strong corrobo-
rative proof, I am most solemnly and firmly convinced that General
Arnold never confided his detestable scheme to her. ffe could not have
ventured to do it. He was, moreover, too well aware of her warm patri-
otic fedingi. You know, madam, how completely she was American at
that important period. Madam, I can aver solemnly, she was totally
ignorant of his schemes.' "

In Volume IV. page 61, Pennsylvania Magazine, in
speaking of Arnold, Henry Lee says, " He has deceived
his wife, & has betrayed his friend. Major Andre."

John Jay writes to Robert Morris on December 18, 1780 :
" Arnold's Plot was as unexpected as its discovery was for-
tunate. His wife is much to be pitied — ^it is painful to see
so charming a woman so sacrificed." (New York His-
torical Society Collection, 1878, page 468.)

Mfth. The historians who have examined the subject are
of the opinion that Mrs. Arnold was not an accomplice in
her husband's treachery.

a. Joseph Heed was probably Arnold's bitterest enemy,
and his views are contained in the life written by his grand-
son, W. B. Reed. Yet even he has come to a conclusion
favorable to Mrs. Arnold. On page 278 of Volume H. he
says, —

"Colonel HamUton, in a well-known letter written at the time, has
given it as his conviction, founded on observation of Mrs. Arnold's ex-
cessive distress on her husband's desertion, that she was innocent . . .
Hamilton's judgment on a matter where sympathy with afflicted beauty

lAft of Margaret Shipjpen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 297

had influence, is not always to be relied on, but in this instance it was
probably correct"

In a note at the foot of the page he adds, —

"In Davis's Life of Aaron Burr, vol. L p. 219, a different theory is
suggested, but on very inadequate evidence."

b. Isaac Arnold, on page 321 of the " Life of Benedict
Arnold," says, —

"No one who reads her letters contained in this volume will believe
her capable of acting the double part with which she has been charged.
On the contrary, if Arnold had disclosed his plans to her, she would
have been much more likely, prompted alike by her love and her clear
perception of rights to have tried to save him from the commission of a
fearful crime and a terrible blunder."

c. In Bryant's " BQstory of the United States," Volume
IV. page 17, edition of 1892, it is said, —

"The assertion, so generally made, that Arnold took advantage of this
correspondence to put himself in communication with Andr6 can hardly
be true, for Mrs. Arnold was ignorant till the last moment of the treach-
erous relation her husband had established with the enemy, and Andr6
and Sir Henry Clinton were for a long time unable to ascertain the real
name of the person to whom they were indebted for much valuable
information."

d. In Sargent's " Life of Andr6," page 220, it is said, —

" Though at the outset the English had no clue to their correspondents
identity, the character and value of his information soon led them to
suspect it ; and it is supposed by some that this letter to Mrs. Arnold
was written with the view of making clear to her husband the char-
acter of its author, and to invite a return of confidence. This may
possibly have been the case ; but all my investigations show that the
lady had not any suspicion of the dealings between the parties, or was
ever intrusted by either side with the least knowledge of what was going
on. Equally fiedse, in my judgment, is the charge that she tempted her
husband to treason. Her purity and elevation of character have not
less weight in the contradiction of this aspersion than the testimony of
all chiefly concerned in the discovery and punishment of the crime.
This correspondence must have engrossed much of Andre's time. His
letters are said to have been 'numerous and significant,' though there

298 lAfe of Margaret ShippeUj Wife of Benedict Arnold.

IB no reason to belieye that, so far as Mrs. Arnold was conoemed, its
limit erer exceeded the one just published.''

e. Bparks says (" Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold,"
page 248, edition of 1835),—

** It may be here added, that Mrs. Arnold had been only the last ten
days at West Point, during her husband's command at the post, and
that nothing was afterwards brought to light from which it could be
inferred that she had any knowledge of his traitorous designs."

/. Washington Irving, who was personally acquainted
with Burr, says in his " Life of Washington," Volume IV.
page 151, edition of 1868,—

" In recent years it has been maintained that Mrs. Arnold was actually
cognizant and participant of her husband's crime ; but after careftdly
examining all the proofe adduced, we remain of opinion that she was
innocent."

This opinion is of great weight, because Irving had ex-
ceptional opportunities of knowing the value of Burr's tes-
timony. Washington Irving had been educated as a lawyer,
and had been retained as one of Burr's counsel in Burr's
trial for treason. (" Life and Letters of Washington Irving,"
Volume L page 190.)

g. In the second volume of " The American Revolution,"
page 218, Professor John Fiske says, —

''but is in the highest degree probable that down to the final catas-
trophe Mrs. Arnold knew nothing whatever of what was going on."

In a note he says, —

*' I think there can he no dovht that Burr lied.**

h. Henry C. Van Schaack, author of " The Life of Peter
Van Schaack," "The Illinois Country," etc., was devoted
to historical and antiquarian pursuits, and became greatly
interested in the case of Mrs. Arnold. After careftilly in-
vestigating the accusation against her, and the evidence pro
and con, he embodied the result of his labors in a lecture,
which he delivered before the EQstorical Societies of New
York and Chicago. In speaking of Burr we quoted from

Life of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 299

this lecture, which is entitled " A Vindication of Mrs. Gen'l
Benedict Arnold against the charge of implication in her
husband's treason." In conclusion, Mr. Van Schaack says, —

** We can justly ooncur in pronouncing this lady untainted hj treason.
And I am happy to add, that we have reason to know, that in her subse-
quent life Mrs. Arnold proved herself a fiEuthftil, a blessed, a noble
mother to her children."

i. In Sabine's "American Loyalists," edition of 1874,
under the name Arnold, Margaret, on pages 176 and 177,
it is said, —

" The allegation of the tiiird Vice President of the United States con-
cerns common girlhood, common wifehood, and universal motherhood ;
hence the time bestowed upon it. In my judgment, the subject of this
notice should be acquitted. The probabilitUs are all in her fetvor, and
there is no evidence against her. Indeed, more ; dates and facts prove
her entire innocence. ... In the eighty-three years which have elapsed
since the allied imprudent boasting of Mrs. Arnold at Mrs. Prevost's,
hundreds of volumes of biographies and correspondence of the Revolu-
tionary era have been published ; but, as far as my knowledge extends,
not one of them contains a syllable to corroborate Burr's story, or in any
way to implicate the subject of this notice. Nor is this all. When I
mingled with Loyalist &niilies in the British Colonies, Arnold himself
the beauty, character, and fate of his wife, were among the favorite
topics of conversation. Gentlemen of the lineage of the Colonel, who
went up the Hudson in the Vulture with Andr6, and other well informed
persons, never once suggested that by tradition, even, Mrs. Arnold was
involved in the treason."

j. Although Bancroft does not mention Mrs. Arnold at
all, yet he does make some statements which are conclusive
of her innocence. On page 378, Volume X, edition of 1874,
in speaking of Arnold, he says, —

''Towards the end of February, 1779, he let it be known to the British
commander-in-chief that he was desirous of exchanging the American
service for that of Great Britain. ... In the course of the winter
1778-79 he was taken into the pay of Clinton, to whom he gave on
every occasion most material intelligence."

If the foregoing statements be correct, Arnold was a
traitor before his marriage to Margaret Shippen.

300 lAfe of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold.

In a note to page 395 Bancroft makes a remark which
is peculiarly appropriate to Burr's charges against Mrs.
Arnold. It is :

"Hamilton had the best opportunities to be well informed; . . .
The reminiscences of men who wrote in later days are so mixed up with
errors of memory and &ble that they offer no sore foothold."

k. In Lossing's " Washington and the American Revolu-
tion," Volume n. page 692, the following statement is
found :

" The tenderest care was bestowed upon her, and she was soon es-
corted in safety to her friends in Philadelphia. Arnold's family, and
others, have sought to make her the author of the traitor's defection, or,
at least, an accomplice in his guilt ; but I have neyer yet seen a particle
of evidence to prove that she had any knowledge of the traitorous
designs of her husband."

In this connection we call the reader's attention to the
fact that no mention of Mrs. Arnold as being implicated in
her husband's treason is made in any of the following his-
tories: Hildreth's "United States," Ramsay's "United
States," Knight's "England," Hughes's " England," Stan-
hope's "England," Botta's "America," Mercy Warren's
" History of the Revolution," Headley's " Washington and
his Generals." Nor have we been able to -find a single
reputable historian who, after examining the evidence in
the case on both sides, has come to the conclusion that
Margaret Arnold was a traitress.

Sixth. The conduct of Arnold himself is inconsistent
with the idea that his wife was an accomplice in his treason.

Of all men in this world, Arnold alone knew the en-
tire truth. In his letter of September 25, 1780, to Wash-
ington from on board the " Vulture," he said, —

** I have no favor to ask for mysell I have too often experienced the
ingratitude of my country to attempt it ; but from the known humanity
of your Excellency, I am induced to ask your protection for Mrs.
Arnold from every insult and injury that a mistaken vengeance of my
country may expose her to. It ought to &11 only on me ; she is as good
and as innocent as an angel, and is incapable of doing wrong. I beg

lAft of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict AmxM. 801

Bhe may be permitted to retam to her friends in Philadelphia, or to
come to me, as she may choose."

Surely this assertion of her innocence is as credible as
Burr's to the contrary. But we do not ask the reader to
depend upon this assertion, but to consider the latter part
of the quotation. If guilty, Philadelphia was the most
dangerous place for her, and the suggestion of her return
would have been most egregious folly.

When Arnold was about to fight tiie duel with Lord
Lauderdale, he forbore to discuss it witii his wife. If she
had been an accomplice in his treason, why should he not
discuss the duel, which indirectly grew out of the treason ?

But Arnold's conduct on one occasion is, in our opinion,
a decisive proof of his wife's innocence, even if all the
other testimony in her favor had been obliterated. It was
not in the first tumult occasioned by tiie discovery of his
treason, and while he was still hopeful of the ultimate suc-
cess of the British arms, though full of alarm for his wife
and child, but after he had drunk his cup of bitterness to
the bottom, and had learned to loathe his treason as only
an unsuccessfiil traitor can; when he had repented, and
had put on his old American uniform witii the exclamation,
" God forgive me for ever putting on any other" (Arnold's
"Life of Arnold," 395); when her fiwe, once the most
beautiful in England, had been wasted by

''Care and sorrow and child-birth pain ;"

when he was contemplating the time when he should walk
no more this fair green earth, and all that he could ask
was for some true man or woman to carry out his will and
to treat his children fairly. Who would trust a traitress to
make a fair division? Yet tiie will of Benedict Arnold
contains the following item :

** I give Devise and Bequeath to my Beloved Wife her Heirs, Execu-
tors and Administrators all my Estate both Real and PenoncU that I may
die possessed of, after paying my Debts and Legacies as before and here

302 IJfe of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold.

in after mentioned, for her own vae and benefit daring her continuing a
Widow and to be dispoeed of among All my Childr^i at her Death, as
she may think proper, not doubting her doing them all equal justice.
But should she marry again, Then it is in that case, my Will and
Pleasure that all my Property shall be divided among my Children upon
her second Marriage, and in that case, I hereby Gire Devise and Be-
queath all my Estate both Real and Personal that I may have, or die
possessed of to my Children to be divided among them in such equal
proportions as my beloved wife shall think Just and Proper, considera-
tion being had to those Sums of Money that they have already received and
that have been expended upon them for their Education &c And Con-
sideration being also had to their respective Ages and Situations in Life,
not doubting that she will do them all equal JusHoe as she knows it is and
has always been my intention (as my affection has been equally divided
among them) to make an equal provision for them all." .

These are Hie words of Arnold at the time when he
would speak the truth, if ever. He reposed this trust in
his wife because he knew she was faithful. Under all the
circumstances, we think that Arnold's testimony is more
convincing than that of any other witness.

In concluding this biography we desire to state that we
have given all the facts as far as we have been able to ascertwi
tliem from the ori^nal documents, whose very language we
have endeavored to follow, and, having done this, we only
ask in behalf of Margaret Arnold for Justice !

(To be continued.)

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Biographical Sketch of Colonel Thomas Hartley. 308

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCH OF COLONEL THOMAS
HAETLEY, OP THE PENNSYLVANIA LINE.

BY JOHN W. JORDAN.

Thomas Hartley, a son of George Hartley, and a well-to-
do fisumer, was bom September 7, 1746, in Colebrookdale
Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania. After receiving a
good classical education at Reading, at the age of eighteen
years he began to read law in the office of Samuel Johnson,
at York, a prominent lawyer and a relative of his mother.
He was admitted to practise in the courts of York County
July 25, 1769, and in the courts of Philadelphia in August
following. He rose rapidly in his profession and was enjoy-
ing a lucrative practice when the war for independence
opened. In 1774 he was elected a vice-president of the Com-
mittee of Observation for York County, and again in Novem-
ber of 1775. He represented York County as a deputy in
the Provincial Conference held at Philadelphia July 15, 1774,
and in the Provincial Convention, January 23, 1776. Li
December of 1774 he was chosen first lieutenant of Cap-
tain James Smith's company of Associators, and a year later
lieutenant-colonel of the First Battalion of York County.
The Committee of Safety of Pennsylvania recommended to
Congress a number of persons for field-officers in tlie battal-
ions to be raised in that State, and he was elected January 10,
1776, lieutenant-colonel of the 0Lxth Battalion, commanded
by Colonel William Irvine, and served with distinction in
the Canada campaign. Li December of 1776 Congress
authorized General Washington to raise sbcteen battalions
of in£Emtry additional to those in service, and the command
of one of these was given to Colonel Hartley. In the cam-
paign for the defence of Philadelphia Hartley's regiment
bore a conspicuous part At the battles of Brandywine and
Germantown it was attached to the First Philadelphia

304 Biographical Sketch of GoUmd Thomas Hartley,

Brigade, General Wayne's division, Colonel Hartley com-
manding the brigade, and was also at Paoli.

To repel the inroad of tiie Tories and Indians from New
York and for the protection of the frontiers. Colonel Harfley
and his regiment in July of 1778 were ordered to Sunbury.
So eftectively did he perform this duty that the Supreme Ex-
ecutive Council of Pennsylvania, December 10, 1778, passed
a unanimous vote of thanks : " For the brave and prudent
course in covering the North Western frontiers of this State
and repelling the savages and other enemies ; and that he
be requested to inform the officers and men who have been
under his command, that the Council is highly sensible of
the difficulties and hardships of the duly which they have
performed, and the zeal which they have shown during the
last campaign."

On December 16, 1778, Congress resolved that Colonel
Hartiey's re^ment, with a number of independent compa-
nies, be consolidated into one regiment and added to the
Pennsylvania Line, to be known as the New Eleventh, the
old Eleventh having been incorporated with the Tenth Penn-
sylvania Line. Colonel Hartiey was assigned to the com-
mand of the new regiment, but resigned February 13, 1779,
having been elected a member of the Assembly of Pennsyl-
vania in October, 1778. Li accepting his resignation Con-
gress, deeming his reasons satis&ctory, bore testimony of
their " high sense of Colonel Hartley's merits and services."
When General Sullivan was organizing at Easton the expe-
dition against tiie Lidians in New York, his advice was
sought, and he suggested to GenertJ Himd the names of offi-
cers and men who were good woodmen and had a knowl-
edge of the Lidian country.

Colonel Hartley was elected in 1783 a member of the
Council of Censors of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 a delegate
to the Pennsylvania Convention to ratify the Federal Con-
stitution. He was elected a member of Congress in 1788,
and continued in that position for twelve years. His per-
sonal regard for Washington while in the military service

Biographical Sketch of Colonel Thomas Hartley. 806

was continued during his political life, and we find his name
frequentiy mentioned as attending the social and official Ainc-
tions of President and Mrs, Washington. When the Presi-
dent reached York, July 2, 1791, on his return firom his south-
em tour. Colonel Hartley met him, escorted him through
the town, and afterwards entertained him at tea at his own
house. Colonel Hartley was the first lawyer from Pennsyl-
vania to be admitted a counsellor in the Supreme Court of
the United States, and took the oath February 5, 1791, in
New York, where the first sessions of the Court were held.
He was one of the original members of the Society of the
Cincinnati and a trustee of Dickinson College. Governor
Thomas McEean, April 28, 1800, commissioned him major-
general of the Fifth Division, State Militia.

His brilliant life as a soldier, lawyer, and statesman was
now drawing to a close. Afiier a long and tedious illness, he
died at his home in York December 21, 1800, and his re-
mains were interred in the burial-ground of St. John's
Episcopal Church, with impressive ceremonies. His friend
and pastor, Bev. John Campbell, D.D., in the course of his
tribute of respect to his memory said in part :

" If I could blow the trump of fitme over you ever so loud
and long, what would you be the better for all this noise ?
Let not your integrity, patriotism, fortitude, hospitality, and
patronage be forgotten. Another (who need not be named)
hath borne away iAie palm of glory, splendid with the
never-dying honor of rearing the stupendous fabric of
American freedom and empire. Departed friend! you
hear me not, the grave is deep and silent. In this work
of blessings to future ages you bore, though a subordinate,
yet an honorable part. Soldiers of liberty ! come, drop a
tear over your companion in arms. Lovers of justice ! come,
drop a tear over her able advocate, — and of science, come,
drop a tear over its warmest patron. Children of mis-
fortune ! come, drop a tear over your benefactor and pro-
tector. Brethren of this earthly lodge! rejoice that our
brother is removed to the temple of the Supreme. Min-
VOL. XXV. — 20

806 Biographical Sketch of Colonel Thomas Hartley.

isters of religion ! come, drop a tear to the memory of a
man who was ever the friend of trutii and virtue. And
thou, my soul ! come not into the assembly of those who
would draw his reposed spirit from the bosom of the Father
who is in heaven !"

Colonel Hartley was married to Catherine, daughter of
Bemhard Holtzinger, and had issue, Charles William Hart-
ley, for some time prothonotary of York County, and
Eleanor, who married Dr. James Hall, who became physi-
cian to the Lazaretto, at Philadelphia, and to whose de-
scendant. Dr. Charles Hall, of Macon, Georgia, we are in-
debted for the copy pf the miniature of Colonel Hartley
which accompanies this sketch.

Colonel Hartley was a voluminous and entertaining corre-
spondent, and tiiere are upwards of two hundred of his
letters in the Manuscript Collection of the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania.

Dean Tucker's Pamphlet. 807

DEAN TUCKER'S PAMPHLET.

'A L£TTEA FROM A MERCHANT IN LONDON TO HIS NEPHEW IN

1766.

[We reprint this pamphlet by Rev. Josiah Tucker, D.D., Dean of
Gloucester, "relative to the Present Posture of Affidrs in the Colonies,
in which the supposed Violation of Charters, and the several Grievances
complained of, are particularly discussed, and the Consequences of an
Attempt towards Independency set in a true Light," from Benjamin
Franklin's own copy in the Library of the Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania. We also present a &c-simile of the title-page, and the critical
marginal notes by Franklin, with which the pamphlet abounds, have
been indicated by his initials, **B. F."

Dean Tucker was bom at Langhame, Carmarthenshire, Wales, in
1712 ; died November, 4, 1799, and is buried in Gloucester Cathedral.
He always took a keen interest in matters of politics and trade, and
became noted by his writings upon the American troubles. Li various
pamphlets he maintained that a separation from the Colonies was de-
sirable; that the supposed advantages of the Colonial trade to the
mother country was a delusion. On the other hand, he maintained
that the Colonies turned adrift would Ml out with each other and be
glad to return to political union. He was rather a crotchety and in-
consistent writer and inclined to be meddlesome. In one of his works
he charged Franklin with having promoted the passage of the Stamp
Act and making application for the position of stamp distributor. In
the correspondence which followed these strictures on his conduct and
character Franklin wrote to the Dean : '' Nothing can be further from
the truth than your assertion that I applied or used any interest, directly
or indirectly, to be appointed one of the stamp officers for America. I
certainly never expressed a wish of the kind to any person whatever ;
much less was I, as you say, * more than ordinarily assiduous on this
head.' . . . If on such reconsideration and inquiry you find, as I am
persuaded you will, that you have been imposed upon by fsOse reports,
or have too lightly given credit to hearsays, in a matter that concerns
another's reputation, I flatter myself that your equity will induce you
to do me justice by retracting that accusation." — Ed. Penna. Mag.]

808 Dean Tucker's Pamphlet,

LETTER

VROM A

MERCHANT m LONDON

TO HIS

Nephew in NORTH AMEItlCA^

EILATJTE TO T It E

Plrefent Poftnre of Afiain in the CoIodim

iM vii I c a

TYmfapfctod Vldatioii of CIiaitefB9 and d»e linrenl
Grieiraiicet complained.of^ are particularly difcuflfed»
Wattibtt ConfequetMat of an Attempt towanb Iiide-
pendenqr fet in a true Light.

Awt it if ArtlMT enafied and dedaicd hy the Aothoritjr | <2E& ^ ^0t^0>X^
aforeftid^ That all Lawt^ Br-Lawi^ UiaMtt or Cat I ^ iiLmmm^

tons, at this Tiae, or which hereate^lhaU be in I ^y*^'^^ \V^
!Pfaaice» or«a4rMwivv^»^or^fMrai4i/iD be iaForce^or ( ^kl/>^^^^

Praftice» ia any of the 'fiua Piaacatioot* which are ii| l^. • ry « •jj,

aay-wife repognaat to the befbreHaentioaed Laws, or \^^/^^^*^ ^^ 2
bay of diem, lb fiur at thby do relate tto the fidd Plaa«'4y^/iyS!^ #^x#. . >9
ladOBs, or any of them, or which are any-wiie repng- i^p \t^iif ^^^

nantto thispreient Ad^ w h miy •tlur Lm» iwae/Srf^^'^''^^ 9^^*^^
i# ii# iMir I* riftf JCAi^iAun, fo fiu* as fach Law (half re- ! 'A ^f^^ ^^""^
late to and mention the laid. PlantttioBS, are illcfid'y i jCkJ^)-j s^
nail, and void, to all IntenU and Parpoib whatfo-f f^^Z^j^^ ^ ^m^
ever. 7 and 8 W. IH. Cap. as. Sea.o. / ^T'*^^^^^: \0^

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MDCCLXVI. ^^ J ^

JDean Tucker^s Pamphlet. 809

A I LETTER | FROM A | MERCHANT IN LONDON | TO
HIS I NEPHEW IN NORTH AMERICA. |

Dear Cousin,

YOUR Letters gave me formerly no small Pleasure,
because they seem to have proceeded from a good
Heart, guided by an Understanding more enlight-
ened than is usually found among young Men. And the
honest Indignation you express against those Artifices and
Frauds, those Robberies and Insults, which lost us the
Hearts and Affections of the Indians, is particularly to be
commended : for these were the Things, as you justiy ob-
served, which involved us in the most bloody and expensive
War that ever was known : and these, by being repeated,
will stimulate the poor injured Savages to redress their
Wrongs, and retaliate the Injury as soon as they can, by
some Means or other. You did therefore exceedingly right,
in manifesting the utmost Abhorrence and Detestation of
all such Practices.^

But of late I cannot say, that I receive the same Satis-
&ction from your Correspondence. For you are vastly
altered from what you were ; your Mind seems to be in a
continual Agitation: you assert and deny in the same
Breath ; and, instead of maintaining any one regular, co-
herent System, you blend opposite Systems together, not
reflecting on the palpable Contradictions resulting from such
a Conduct. — ^Discontented you, and your Countrymen, cer-
tainly are to a great Degree : but whether your Discontent
arises from a Desire of Change, and of making Innovations

^ This is wickedly intended bj the Author (Dean Tucker) to represent
the English N. Americans as the Cause of the War. Whereas it was in
fact begun by the French, who seized the €k>ods & Persons of the
English Traders on the Ohio : encroached on the King's Lands in Nova
8cotia & took a Fort from the Ohio Company by force of Arms, which
induced England to make Reprisals at Sea, & to send Braddock to
recoyer the Forts on the Ohio, whence came on the War. [B. F.]

810 Dean Tucker^s Pamphlet.

in your Form of Government,— or from a mistaken Notion,
that we are making Innovations in it, is hard to say.

Give me leave therefore to expostulate with you, on this
strange Alteration in your Conduct. I have a right to do
it on every Account : and you know me well to be the in-
variable Friend to the Rights and Liberties, civil and
religious,' of all Mankind. You indeed talk loudly of Chains,
and exclaim vehemently against Slavery : but surely you do
not suspect, that I can entertain the most distant Wish of
making any Man a Slave, much less my own Brother's Son,
and my next of kin. — So far from it, that whether I can
make you a Convert to my way of thinking or not, I shall
still act by you as my nearest Relation : being always de-
sirous of allowing that Liberty to others, which I hope ever
to enjoy myself, viz. of letting every Man see with his own
Eyes, and act according to his own Judgment : — This, I say,
I would willingly indulge every Man in, as far as ever is
consistent with good Government, and the public Safety.
For indeed Governments there must be of some Kind or
other ; and Peace and Subordination are to be preserved ;
—otherwise, there would be no such Thing as true Liberty
subsisting in the World.

In pursuance therefore of this rational Plan of Liberty,
give me Leave to ask you, young Man, What is it you mean
by repeating to me so often in every Letter, The Spirit of tlie
Constitution ? I own, I do not much approve of this Phrase,
because its Meaning is so vague and indeterminate ; and be-
cause it may be made to serve all Purposes alike, good or
bad. And indeed it has been my constant Remark, That
when Men were at a Loss for solid Arguments and Matters
of Fact, in their political Disputes, they then had recourse
to the Spirit of the Constitution as to their last Shift, and
the only Thing they had to say. An American, for Ex-
ample, now insists, That according to the Spirit of the
English Constitution, he ought not to be taxed without his
own Consent, given either by himself, or by a Representa-
tive in Parliament chosen by himself Why ought he not ?

Dean Tucker^s Pamphlet. 811

And doth the Constitution say in so many Words, That he
ought not ? — Or doth it say, That every Man either hath, or
ought to have, or was intended to have a Vote for a Mem-
ber of Parliament ? No, by no Means : the Constitution
says no such Thing. But the Spirit of it doth ; and that is
as good, perhaps better. Very well: See then how this
same Spirit will presently wheel about, and assert a Doc-
trine quite repugnant to the Claims and Positions of you
Americans. Magna Charta^ for Example, is the great
Foundation of English Liberties, and the Basis of the Eng-
lish Constitution. But, by the Spirit of Magna Charta, all
Taxes laid on by Parliament are comtitutmudj legal Taxes ; *
and Taxes raised by the Prerogative of the Crown, without
the Consent of Parliament are illegal. Now remember,
young Man, That the late Tax or Duties upon Stamps was
laid on by Parliament; and therefore, according to your
own Way of reasoning, must have been a regular, consti-
tutional, legal Tax. Nay more, the principal End and In-
tention of Magna Charta, as far as Taxation is concerned,
was to assert the Authority and Jurisdiction of the three
Estates of the Kingdom, in Opposition to the sole Preroga-
tive of the King : so that if you will now plead the Spirit
of Magna Charta against the Jurisdiction of Parliament,
you will plead Magna Charta against itself.'

^ There is no doubt but Taxes laid in Parliament where the Parlia-
ment hath Jurisdiction, are l^al Taxes ; but doth it follow that Taxes
laid by the Parliament of England on Scotland before the Union, on
Guernsey, Jersey, Ireland, Hanoyer, or any other Dominions of the
Crown not within the Bealm, are therefore l^gal. — These Writers against
the Ck>lonies all bewUder themselyes by supposing the Ck>lonies within
the Bealm, which is not the Case, nor ever was. [B. F.]

' This then is the /^rit of the Constitution, that Taxes shall not be
laid with the Consent of those to be taxed. The Colonies were not then
in being and therefore nothing relating to them could be literally ex-
pressed. As the Americans are now without the Realm, and out of the
Jurisdiction of Parliament, the Spirit of the British Constitution dictates,
that they should be taxed only by their own Representatives, as the
English are by theirs. [B. F.]

812 Dean Tucker's Pamphlet.

Leaving therefore all these Bhifdng, unstable Topics,
which, like changeable Silks, exhibit different Colours, ac-
cording as they are viewed in different Lights ; let us from
the Spirit of the Constitution, come to the Constitution Usdf.
For this is a plain, obvious Matter of Fact: and Matters of
Fact are said to be stubborn Things. Now the first Emi-
grants, who settled in America, were cert^nly English Sub-
jects : — subject to the Laws and Jurisdiction of Parliament,
and consequently to parliamentary Taxes, before their Emi-
gration ; and therefore subject aftenoardsj unless some legal,
constitutional Exemption can be produced.*

Now this is the Question, and the sole Question between
you and me, reduced to a plain, single Matter of Fact Is
there therefore any such Exemption, as here pretended?
And if you have it, why do you not produce it ? — " The
King, you say, hath granted Charters of Exemption to the
American Colonies." This is now coming to the Point:
and this will bring the Dispute to a short Issue. Let us
therefore first enquire. Whether he could legally and con-
stitutionally grant you such a Charter? And secondly.
Whether he did ever so much as attempt to do it ? And
whether any such Charters are upon Record ?

Now, upon the first settling of an English Colony, and

^ This PoBition suppoMB, that Englishmen can never be oat of the
Jurifldiction of Parliament. It may as well be said, that wherever an
Englishman resides, that Country is England. While an Englishman
resides in England he is undoubtedly subject to its Laws. If he goes
into a foreign Country he is subject to the Laws and €k>vemment he
finds there. If he finds no Qovemment or Laws there, he is subject
there to none, till he & his Companions if he has any make Laws for
themselves ; and this was the Case of the first Settlers in America.
Otherwise & if they carried the English Laws h Power of Parliam^ with
them, what Advantage could the Puritans propose to themselves by going,
since they would have been as subject to Bishops, Spiritual Courts,
Tythes, and Statutes relating to the Church in America as in England?
Can the Dean on his Principles tell us how it happens that those Laws,
the Qame Acts, the Statutes for Labourers, & an infinity of others made
before & since the Emigration, are not in force in America, nor ever
were? [B. F,]

Dean Tucker's Pamphlet. 818

before ever yon, Americans, conld have chosen any Repre-
sentatives, and therefore before any Assembly of snch Rep-
resentatives could have possibly met, — ^to whose Laws, and
to what le^lative Power were yon then subject ? To the
English most undoubtedly ; for you could have been Subject
to no other.* You were Englishmen yourselves ; and you car-
ried the English Government, and an English Charter over
along with you. This being the Case, were you not then in
the same Condition, as to Constitutional Rights and Liber-
ties, with the rest of your Fellow-subjects, who remained in
England? CertMnly you were.* I most cordially agree,
that you ought not to have been placed in a worse : and
surely you had no Right to expect a better.* Suppose
therefore, that the Crown had been so ill advised, as to
have granted a Charter to any City or County here in
England, pretending to exempt them from the Power
and Jurisdiction of an English Parliament;* what would

^ The Author here appears quite ignorant of the Fact The Colonies
carried no Laws with them. They carried only a Power of making Law,
or adopting such Parts of the Ekiglish Law, or of any other Law, as
they should think suitable to their Circumstances. The first Settlers of
Connecticut, for Listance, at their first Meeting in that Country, finding
themselves out of all Jurisdiction of other Oovemments, resolved and
enacted. That till a Code of Laws should be prepared and agreed to,
they would be governed by the Law of Afoses, as contained in the Old
Testament. [B. F.]

• You are too positive, M' Dean. [B. F.]

' If the first Settlers had no Bight to expect a better Constitution, what
Fools were they for going over, to encounter all the Hardships & Perils
of new Settlements in a Wilderness I — ^for these were so many Additions
to what they suffered at home from tyrannical & oppressive Institutions
in Church & State, if they carried those Institutions with them with a
Substraction of all their old Enjoyments of the Conveniencies & Com-
forts of an old Settled Country, Friends, Neighbours, Relations, Homes,
Ac. Ac [B. F.]

* The American Settlers needed no Exemption firom the Power of Par-
liam^ they were necessarily exempted as soon as they landed out of its
Jurisdiction. Therefore all this Rhetorical Paragraph is founded on a
Mistake of the Author ; and the Absurdity he talks of is of his own
Making. [B. F.]

814 Dean Tucker's Pamphlet.

the Judges? what would the Lawyers? nay, what would
you Americans have said to it? Apply this now to
your own Case: for surely you cannot wish to have it
put upon a feirer footing : try therefore, and see, and then
tell me ; is it possible for you to believe, that the Elng has
a Power vested in him by the Constitution of dividing his
longdom into several independent States, and petty King-
doms, like the Heptarchy in the Times of the Saxons ? Or
can you really imagine, that he could crumble the Parlia-
mentary Authority and Jurisdiction, were he so minded,
into Bits and Fragments, by assigning one Parliament to
one City or County, — ^another to another, — ^and so on ? Is
it possible, I say, for you to believe an Absurdity so gross
and glaring ? And yet gross and palpable as this Absurdity
is, you must either believe it, or adopt a still greater, viz.
that, though the King cannot do these strange things in
England, yet he can do them all in America ; because his
Royal Prerogative, like Wire coiled up in a Box, can be
stretched and drawn out to almost any Length, according to
the Distance and Extent of his Dominions. Gtood Heavens !
what a sudden Alteration is this ! An American pleading
for the Extension of the Prerogative of the Crown ? Yes,
if it could make for his Cause ; — ^and for extending it too
beyond all the Bounds of Law, of Reason, and of Common
Sense ! *

But though I have for Argument's sake, and merely to
confute you in your own Way, here supposed, that the
Crown had been so ill advised, as to grant Charters to the
Colonies so unconstitutional and illegal, as these undoubt-
edly must have been ; — ^yet the Fact itself is far otherwise ; *

* What Stuff I Why may not an American plead for the just Pre-
rogatiyee of the Crown? & is it not a just Prerogative of the Crown to
give the Subjects Leave to settle in a foreign Country if they think it
necessary to ask such Leave? Was the Parliament at all considered or
consulted in making these first Settlements? or did any Lawyer then
think it necessary? [B. F.]

' Our former Princes claimed a Right, and frequently exercised the
Power of levying Taxes, without the Consent of Parliament. But upon

Dean Tucker's Pamphlet. 815

for no such Charters were ever granted. Nay, many of
your Colony Charters assert quite the contrary, by contain-
ing express Reservations of Parliamentary Rights, particu-
larly that great one of levying Taxes.^ And those Charters
which do not make such Provisoes in express Terms, must
be supposed virtually to imply them ; * because the Law and
Constitution will not allow, that the King can do more
either at home or abroad, by the Prerogative Royal, than
the Law and Constitution authorize him to do.*

However, if you are still doubtful, and if you would wish
to have a Confirmation of this Argument by some plain
Fact, some striking Proof, and visible Example; — ^I will
give you one ; and such an one too, as shall convince you,
if any thing can, of the Polly and Absurdity of your Posi-
tions : the City of London, for instance,* a Body Politic as

settling the Colonies, this supposed Right, which cost Charles I. his
Crown, and his Life, was not insisted on in any of the Charters, and
was expressly given up in that which was granted to Lord Baltimore for
Maryland. Now this Clause, which is nothing more than the Benuncia-
tion of obsolete Prerogative, is quoted in our News Papers, as if it was
a Renunciation of the Rights of Parliament to raise Taxes. Whereas
the King in that Charter stipulated only /or hinuelf, hU Heirs, and Suc-
cessors, not to raise Taxes by virtue of the Prerogative Royal : which
certainly he might do; and which was very proper to be done for the
Encouragement and Security of a new Colony. But he could not stipu-
late for the Parliament ; and indeed he did not attempt to do it.

[It was not a Renunciation of Right of Parliament ; there was no
need of such a Renunciation, for Parliament had not then pretended to
such a Right. But since the Royal Faith was pledg'd by the King for
himself & his Successors, how can any succeeding King, without vio-
lating that Faith, even give his Assent to an Act of Parliament for
such Taxation ? [B. F. ] ]

^ A Fib, M' Dean ; In one Charter only, & that a late one, is the Par-
liament mentioned : And the right reserved is only that of laying Duties
on Commodities imported from the Colony or exported to it [B. F.]

' Suppositions & Implications will not weigh in these important Cases.
[B-F.]

' No Law or Constitution forbad the King's doing what he did in
granting those Charters. [B. F.]

* This Instance would be something, if London was not within the
Realm. Whereas the Colonies are vnthout; and therefore 'tis nothing

816 Dean Tucker's PamphleL

respectable, without Offence, as the greatest of your Colo-
nies with regard to Property j and superior to many of them
with respect to Numbers ; — ^this great City, I say, the Me-
tropolis of the whole British Empire, hath long enjoyed,
before the Colonies were ever thought of, the threefold
Power of Jurisdiction, — ^Legislation, — ^and Taxation in cer-
tain Cases : but no Man in his Senses ever yet supposed,
that the City of London either was, or could be exempted
by these Charters from Parliamentary Jurisdiction, or Par-
liamentary Taxes; and if any Citizen should plead the
Charters in Bar to Parliamentary Authority, or refuse to
pay his Quota of the Land-Tax, because that Tax is not
laid on by an Act of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and
Common Council ; — ^I do not say indeed, that the Judges
would commit him to Newgate ; — but I do verily believe,
that they would order him to another Place of Confinement,
much fitter for a Person in his unhappy Situation.'

And now, my good Friend, what can you say to these
things ? — ^The only thing which you ought to say, is, — ^that
you did not see the Affair in its true Light before : and that
you are sincerely sorry for having been so positive in a
wrong Cause, Confuted most undoubtedly you are beyond
the Possibility of a Reply,* as far as the Law and Constitu-
tion of the Realm are concerned in this Question. But in-
deed it seems to me by certain Passages in your Letters,
that, though you raise a terrible Outcry against the sup-
posed violation of your Charters ; you yourself would not
rest the Merits of your Cause upon the Proof of such a
Violation ; and that you would rather drop that Point, than
attempt to justify the Charge, if called upon to do it.

to the purpose, conyinces no American of any thing but the pert posi-
tiveness & Ignorance of the Author. [B. F.]

^ The difference between a Fool & a Madman is said to be, that the
Fool reasons wrong from right Premises the Madman right but from
wrong Premises. This seems the Case of our Author, & therefore
that Place perhaps more suitable for him. [B. F.]

* This is Hollowing before you are out of the Wood. [B. F.]

Dean Tucker^s Pamphlet. 817

What then is it, which you have next to offer? Oh!
" The Unreasonableness ! the Injustice ! and the Cruelty of
taxing a free People, without permitting them to have
Representatives of their own to answer for them, and to
maintain their fundamental Bights and Privileges!"

Strange, that you did not discover these bad things
before ! Strange, that though the British Parliament has
been, from the Beginning,* thus unreasanabUj thus unjust,
and crud towards you, by levying Taxes on many Com-
modities outwards and inwards, — ^nay, by laying an internal
Tax, the Post-Tax for Example, on the whole British Em-
pire in America; — and, what is still worse, by making Laws
to affect your Property, viz. your Paper Currency, and
even to take away Life itself, if you offend against them ;
— Strange and unaccountable, I say, that after you had suf-
fered all this so long, you should not have been able to have
discovered, that you were without Representatives in the
British Parliament, of your own electing, till this enlighten-
ing Tax upon Paper opened your Eyes ! And what a pity
is it, that you have been Slaves for so many Generations,
and yet did not know, that you were Slaves until now.*

But let that Pass, my dear Cousin ; for I always choose
to confute you in your own way. Now, if you mean any
thing at all by the Words unreasonable, unjust, and cruel,
as used in this Dispute ; you must mean, that the Mother
Country deals worse by you, than by the Lihabitants of
Great Britain ; and that she denies certain Constitutional
Rights and Privileges to you abroad, which we enjoy here

^ FalBe I Neyer before the Restoration. [B. F.]

' The Parliament it is acknowledged have made made many oppressire
Laws relating to America which have passed without Opposition partly
thro' the Weakness of the Colonies, partly thro' their Inattention to the
full Extent of their Rights when employed in Labour to procure the
Necessaries of Life. But that is a wicked Guardian, & a Shameless one,
who first takes Advantage of the Weakness incident to Minority, cheats
& Imposes on his Pupil ; & when that Pupil comes of Age, urges those
Tery Impositions as Precedents to justify continuing them & adding
others I [B. F.]

818 Dean Tocher's Pamphlet.

at home. Now pray what are those Constitutional Bights
and Liberties, which are refused to you ? Name them, if
you can. — The things, which you pretend to alledge are,
" The Bights of voting for Members of the British Parlia-
ment; and the Liberty of choosing your own Bepresenta-
tives." But surely you will not dare to say, that we reftise
your Votes, when you come hither to offer them, and choose
to poll : you cannot have the Face to assert, that on an
Election Day any Difference is put between the Vote of a
Man bom in America, and of one bom here in England.^
Yet this you must assert, and prove too, before you can do
any thing to the present Purpose. Suppose therefore, that
an American hath acquired a Vote (as he legally may, and
many have done) in any of our Cities or Counties, Towns,
or Boroughs ; suppose, that he is become a Freeman, or a
Freeholder here in England ;— on that State of the Case,
prove if you can, that his Vote was ever refused, because
he was bom in America : — ^Prove this, I say, and then I
will allow, that your Complaints are very just ; and that
you are indeed the much injured, the cruelly-treated People,
you would make the World believe.

But, my good Friend, is this supposed Befusal the real
Cause of your Complaint ? Is this the Grievance that calls
so loudly for Bedress ? Oh ! no, you have no Complaint of
this sort to make : but the Cause of your Complaint is this ;
that you live at too great a Distance from the Mother Coun-
try to be present at our English Elections ; and that in Con-

' This is all Banter & Insult, when you know the Impossibility of a
Million of Freeholders coming over Sea to vote here. If their Free-
holds in America are within the Realm, why have they not, in virtue of
those Freeholds, a Bight to vote in your Elections as well as an English
Freeholder? Sometimes we are told, that our Estates are by our Char-
ters all in the Manor of East Greenwich and therefore all in England,
and yet have we any Bight to vote among the Voters of East Greenwich ?
Can we trade to the same Ports ? In this very Paragraph you suppose that
we cannot vote in England if we come thither, till we have by Purchase
acquired a Bight, therefore neither we nor our Estates are represented in
England. [B. F.]

Dean Tucker^s Pamphlet. 819

sequence of this Distance, the Freedom of our Towns, or the
Freeholds in our Counties, as far as voting is concerned, are
not worth attending to. It may be so ; but pray consider,
if you yourselves do choose to make it inconvenient for you
to come and vote, by retiring into distant Countries, — what
is that to us ? ^ And why are we to be reproached for com-
mitting a " Violation on the Birth-rights of Englishmen,
which, if it be a Violation, is committed only by your-
selves ?" It seems, you find it to be your particular Interest
to live in the Colonies ; it seems, that you prefer the Emolu-
ments of residing there to your Capacity, or Capability
(take which Word you please) of residing and voting here.
Now this is your own free Choice ; and we leave you at full
Liberty to act as you think proper : but then, are we obliged
to alter our Political System merely to accord with your
Convenience ? Are we to change and new model our fixed
and ancient Constitution, just as you shall see fit to com-
mand us ? and according as it shall please you to remove
from Place to Place ? and is this the Complaisance, which
you expect the Mother Country should shew to her dutifrd
Children ? Yes, it is ; and you demand it too with a loud
Voice, full of Anger, of Defiance, and Denunciation.*

However, the Lion is not always so fierce as he is painted ;
— and till we are beaten into a Compliance, it is to be hoped,
that we may be allowed to expostulate with you in a few
harmless, unbloody Words. Granting therefore, that the
Colonies are unrepresented in the British Parliament:
Granting that two Millions of People in America have, in

^ This is all beside the Mark. The Americans are by their Constita-
tions provided with a Representation A therefore need nor desire any in
the British Parliament They have never ask'd any such Thing. They
only say, since we have a Bight to grant our own Money to the King ;
since we have Assemblies where we are represented for such Purposes,
why will you meddle out of your Sphere, take the Money that is ours
and give it as yours without our Consent? [B. F.]

' An absolute Falshood : We never demanded in any Manner much
less in the Manner you mention, that the Mother Country should change
her Constitution. [B. F.]

820 Dean Tucker^s Pamphlet.

this respect, no Choice, nor Election of their own, through
the Necessity of the Case, and their Distance from the
Place of Election : — ^What would you infer from this Con-
cession ? And wherein can such Elnd of Topics support
your Cause ? For know, young Man, that not only two
Millions, which are the utmost, that your exaggerated
Accounts can be swelled to; — ^I say, not only two Mil-
lions, but six Millions at least of the Inhabitants of Qreat
Britain, are still unrepresented in the British Parliament
And this Omission arises, not from the Necessity of the
Case, not from consulting Interest and Convenience as
with you, but from original Ideas of Gothic Vassalage, —
from various Casualties and Accidents, — ^from Changes in
the Nature of Property, — ^from the Alteration of Times and
Circumstances, — and from a thousand other Causes.^ Thus,
for Example, in the great Metropolis, and in many other
Cities, landed Property itself hath no Representative in Par-
liament; Copyholds and Leaseholds of various Elnds have
none likewise, though of ever so great a Value. This you
yourself very well know; because when you were here last,
you knew, that I was possessed of considerable landed
Property in London, and of several Copyholds and bene-
ficifiJ Leaseholds in the Country, and yet that I never had a
Vote.* Moreover, in some Towns neither Freedom, nor
Birth-right, nor the serving of an Apprenticeship, shall en-
titie a Man to give a Vote, though they may enable him to
set up a Trade : In other Towns the most numerous, the
most populous, and flourishing of any, there are no Free-
doms or Votes of any Sort; but all is open ; and none are
represented. And besides all this, it is well known, that the

* Why then do you not give them a Representation ? [B. F.]
' Copyholds and Leaseholds are supposed to be represented in the
original Landlord of whom they are held. Thus all the Land in Eng-
land is in fact represented notwithstanding what he here says. As to
those who have no Landed Property in a Country^ the allowing them to
vote for Legislators is an Impropriety. They are transient Inhabitants,
& not so connected with the Welfare of the State which they may quit
when they please, as to qualify them properly for such Privilege. [B. F.]

Dean Tucker^s Pamphlet 821

great East India Company, which have such vast Setdements,
and which dispose of the Fate of Sjngs and Elngdoms
abroad, have not so much as a single Member, or even a
single Vote, qtmtenus a Company, to watch over their Inter-
ests at home.^ What likewise shall we say in regard to the
prodigious number of Stock-holders in our public Funds ?
And may not their Property, perhaps little short of Onb
HUNDRED Millions Sterling, as much deserve to be repre-
sented in Parliament, as the scattered Townships, or strag-
gling Houses of some of your Provinces in America ? * yet
we raise no Commotions ; we neither ring the Alarm-Bell,
nor sound the Trumpet; but submit to be taxed without
being repriesented : — and taxed too, let me tell you, for your
sakes.' Witness the additional Duties on our Lands, Win-
dows, Houses ; — ^also on our Malt, Beer, Ale, Cyder, Perry,

^ By this Argument it may be proy'd that no Man in England has a
Vote. The Clergy have none as Clergymen ; the Lawyers have none as
Lawyers, the Physicians none as Physicians, & so on. But if they haye
Votes as Freeholders that is sufficient: And that no Freeholder in
America has for a Bepresentative in the British Parliament [B. F.]

' The Stock-holders are many of them Foreigners, and all may be so
when they please, as nothing is more easy than the transferring of Stock,
& conveying Property beyond Sea by Bills of Exchange. Such uncer-
tain Subjects are therefore not properly vested with Bights relating to
Qovemment [B. F.]

' This is wickedly Mae. While the Colonies were weak & poor, not a
Penny or a single Soldier was ever spared by Britain for their Defence :
But as soon as the Trade with them became an Object, & a Fear arose
that the French would seize that Trade & deprive her of it, she sent
Troops to America unoMFd, And now brings this Account of the Ex-
pence against us, which should be rather carried to her own Merchants
and Manufiicturers. — ^We join'd our Troops & Treasure with hers, to
help her in this War. Of this no Notice is taken. To refuse to pay a
just Debt is Knavish : Not to return an Obligation is Ligratitude : But
to demand Paym^ of a Debt where none has been contracted, to forge a
Bond or an Obligation in order to demand what was never due is in-
£Eunous Villainy. — Every year both King and Parliament (during the
War) acknowledged that we had done more than our Part, & made us
some Return, w^ is equivalent to a Receipt in full, and entirely sets
aside this Monstrous Claim. [B. F.]
VOL. XXV. — 21

322 Dean Tucker's Pamphlet

Wines, Brandy, Rum, Coffee, Chocolate, Ac. Ac Ac, for de-
fraying the Expences of the late War, — ^not forgetting the
grievouB Stamp-Duty itsell All this, I say, we submitted
to, when you were, or at least, when you pretended to be, in
great Distress : so that neither Men, almost to the last Drop
of Blood we could spill, — ^nor Money, to the last Piece of
Coin, were spared : but all was granted away, all was made
a Sacrifice, when you cried out for Help.^ And the Debt
which we contracted on this Occasion, is so extraordinary,
as not to be parallelled in History. — ^It is to be hoped, for the
Credit of human Nature, that the Returns which you have
made us for these Succours, and your present Behaviour
towards us, which perhaps are still more extraordinary, may
not be parallelled likewise.

» Never. [B. F.]
(To be oontinaed.)

Assessment of Damages dene by the British^ 1777-'1778. 828

ASSESSMENT OP DAMAGES DONE BY THE BEITISH
TROOPS DUEING THE OCCUPATION OP PHILA-
DELPHIA, 1777-1778.

[After the evacuation of Philadelphia County by the Britiah forces, in
June of 1778, an aaseBsment of the damages sustained by the inhabitants
was made by wards and townships. It is from the original assessment
books, which bear the title, "Estimate of Damages Done by the Brittish
in 1777 and 1778," in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsyl-
yania, that the returns of the assessors are copied. — ^Ed. Pbnna. Mag.]

Dock Wakd. (South part)
Anthony Outhbert^ Assessor.

Bedford, Gunnig £842 6 —

Gather, Robert 168 — —

Comman, John 1486 — —

Cuthbert, Thomas 171 16 —

" " Deceased's Ert* . . 478 19 4

" Anthony 658 — —

Evans, Edward 218 8 2

Flick, Philip 120 — —

Gore, Sarah 227 2 6

Hover, John 280 — —

Hubley, Adam 518 10 —

McKnight, Robert 49 7 —

Mitchell, Thomas 101 2 6

Robbins, Samuel 617 8 6

Snowden, John 188 10 —

Spence, Sarah 871 6 —

Steel, Margaret 260 10 —

Summers, Andrew 180 2 11

Williams, John 26 16 —

Worrell, James 372 _ —

Young, William 1797 7 6

824 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777^1778.

Dock Ward. (North part)
Alexander Ruiherfordy Assessor.

Carlisle, Alexander .

£124

—

Donohue, John

Gibbon, Mary .

119

—

Hall, Thomas .

225

—

Henry, William

3645

—

Hollingaworth, Levi

1665

Lawrence, William .

Paschall, Benjamin Esq. .

250

—

Rutherford, Alexander

1100

Bichards, Samuel .

Snowden, Isaac Esq.

1006

Shedaker, William .

Shearman, John

740

—

Shields, Thomas .

577

Spence, John .

118

South Ward.

Hoger Flahaven, Assessor

Boylan's, James Est* ....

. £880

...

Elrl^atrick, Elizabeth

Mtpdlb Wabd.

WUUam Richards, Assesso

Christler, Widow ....

£65

Cooper, Qeorge

200

—

Erwin, Robert .

651

Falconer, William .

Hamill, John .

—

Eeppele, Henry

258

—

Randolph, Benjamin

. 2811

Simpson, Samuel .

218

Sutter, Elizabeth .

— 5

Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-'1778.

Chestnut Ward.

WUUam PoUardy Assessor.

Adcock, William Esq .... £83 10

Euhn, Lndwick 145 —

Moore, William 91 6

Potter, James 80 3

" Matthew 59 2

325

Walnut Ward.

Robert M^Knight^ Assessor.

[No return.]

Lower Delaware Ward.

Charles Risky Assessor.

[No return.]

Upper Delaware Ward

John Hood, Assessor.

Clarkson, Matthew ....

, £200

— .— .

Hagner, Frederick ....

100

— —

Hodge, Andrew ....

1168

— —

Meredith, Charles ....

1350

— —

Smith, Thomas W

3000

— —

Wood, Joseph ....

— —

HioH Street Wabd.
Abraham Dubois, Assessor.
Cobum, John .
Dubois, Abraham .
Francis, Thomas
Hollinshead, William
Huston, Elizabeth .
■Whitebread, "William

£2450
176
145
166
161
864

18 9

17 —

826 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778.

North Ward.

Lambert WUmorey Assessor.

Barge, Jacob £35 8 —

Brown, Maiy 58 — —

Derrick, Christian 495 17 6

Dehaven, Peter 204 12 5

Haines, Reuben 418 15 —

Hodge, Hugh 680 11 —

Jackson's, William Est* . . 180 — —

Porter, Robert 85 15 —

" Mary 71 11 8

Price, Jonadian 92 6 2

Summers, Peter 248 15 —

Zantzinger, Adam 1280 — —

MuLBERRT Ward. (East part)

Nathaniel Brown^ Assessor.

Allen, William (Not Qualified) . £92 10 8

Bartram, Moses 182 10 —

Bonham, Ephraim 880 8 —

Brooke, Bowyer 125 — —

Benezet, Daniel 150 — —

Bently, John 11 17 6

Beehr's, Joseph & Elizabeth Esf . 201 — —

Channell, James 208 — —

Deshler, Elizabeth 556 6 —

Dowman, " 88 8 9

Falconer, Nathaniel .... 224 18 —

Grafe, Casper 50 — —

G^dner, Archibald .... 40 10 —

Groff, Samuel 44 8 —

Hess, Charletta 109 — —

Hyneman, Frederick .... 141 10 —

Kessler, Andrew 110 5 6

Logon, Elizabeth 50 — —

Assessment of Damages dom by the British^ 1777 -^177 8. 827

Melcher, Isaac

. £887

16 9

>f oravian Meeting

— —

Meyer, Thomas

19 —

Miller, Jacob .

Peters, John .

726

10 —

Pechin, Christiana

291

14 —

Rohr, John

19 10

Rush, William Esq.

2261

6 —

Schweighauser, John C. .

160

— —

Schlosser, George .

. 2180

— —

Smith, Thomas

12 —

Slessman, Henry

120

— —

Shaffer, David jun. ,

8742

17 —

Schreiner, Jacob

217

7 6

Sprogell, John

677

— —

Thompson, Peter

18 8

"Weiss, Jacob .

278

— 9

Webb, John .

229

12 6

Wilkinson, Brian

480

-i— ...

Wooley, Mary

881

MuLBERBT "Wakd. (West part)

Andrea Epple, Assessor.

Bartling, Christlieb .... £116

Craighead, Mary 10

Eckart, Adam O^il'ot Qualified) . . . 112

Entris, John Jr. 81

Graff, John 58

Grebel, John 6

Gressler, Frederick 82

Heysham, William 286

Joy, Daniel 1504

Enees, John 298

Elnorr, Gteorge 467

Miller, John, Esq' 60

Thompson, John 449

16 —

2 6

10 —

8 —

18 6

10 —

17 —

18 4

828 Assessment of Damages done by the BrUish^ 1777-1778.

Abington.

John CoUomy Assessor.

[No return.]

Blocklet.
John Thomas^ Assessor.

Biepham, Waiiam £318 7 6

Camber, Henry 80 6 —

Coughran, Joseph 681 6 —

Coulton, " 28 16 —

Grain, Richard 228 — —

Gteorge, John 58 18 —

Heston, Edward 185 14 6

Hibberd, Aaron 28 12 6

Hoffinan, Jacob & Christiana Leech . 1178 10 —

Jones, Joseph 225 — —

'< Peter 40 10 —

Leech, WiUiam 142 15 9

Lees, Joseph 119 10 —

Mahlin, David 181 12 6

Rhoades, Nathan 48 18 —

Rose, William 24 8 —

Seltenrich, David 220 10 —

Smith, Frederick 25 — —

« Mary 114 8 6

Stradling, John 141 5 —

Walter, Martin 165 6 —

Wilfong, Peter 12 — —

Warner, Isaac 626 — —

Worrell, James 62 — —

Young, William 669 16 —

Bristol.
Caleb Armitage, Assessor.

Armitage, Caleb £428 2 —

Benner, George 270 10 —

Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778. 829

BiBURRY.

Jacob RhoadSy Assessor.
Groom, Thomas . . . . • . £52 12 6
Jackson, John 98 — —

Cheltenham.
Peter Rushj Assessor.

Leech, Samuel £76 2 6

" Jacob 65 16 —

Meyer, Jacob 69 8 —

Douglass.

Christopher Sheiner^ Assessor.

[No return.]

Frederick.
PhiUp BoyeTy Assessor.
[No return.]

Franconia.

Jacob Gerhart^ Assessor.

[No return.]

Gbrmantown.
Joseph Ferrety Assessor.

Altemus, John £89 14 —

Armitage, Benjam 287 10 —

Adolph, Margaret 98 16 —

Buckius,John 227 10 —

BucMus, Francis 48 — 6

Bender, Joseph 64 8 —

Beck, Martin 52 15 —

Bush, Maihias 640 8 8

880 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778.

Bamberger, Henry
Butler, Joseph
Biddis, John .
Bringhorst, William
Brown, Anthony
Berger, Henry
BeiUnger, Henry
Cresfl, Henry .
Coleman, Jacob
Dannenhower, Q^orge
Dannenhower, Abraham
Dedier, John .
Dulizang, Margaret
Dannenhower, John
Derr, tJlrich .
Day, Christian
Ent, Theobald
Eplin, Frederick
Erdman, Martin
Engle, Jacob .
Edleman, G^rge
Engle, John .
Fndey, Henry
Ferree, Joseph
Fogelgesang, Semion
Fraley, Leonard
Friedly, Michael
Freed, Jacob •
Galley, Frederick
Ghirdner, John
Ghurdner, George
Gardner, John
German Reformed Church
Geiger, Jacob •
Gk)rgis, Bachel
Gillinger, Budolph
Groushop, Jacob

£9

—

il9

626

—

1275

601

—

434

—

— •

127

— •

..-.

178

824

— »

— .

268

168

— -

168

—

676

114

—

820

—

180

100

116

..i..

Assessment of Damages done by the Britishy 1777''1778. 881

Green, Christopher £122 4 —

Hay, Charlee 620—6

Heaeer, Gteorge 82 19 —

ffinUe, Henry 16 1 6

Hinker, Peter 256 6 11

Haselet, James 91 7 6

Howell, John 95 6 8

Hopple, Gtoorge 52 — —

Holgate, WiUiam 128 18 6

Jacobi, Christopher 82 9 —

Jacoby, Elizabeth 276 1 6

Klingel, George 181 10 —

Kerper, Volius 1750 11 —

Kropp, Frederick 57 7 6

Keel, G^rge 82 6 —

Knp,John 60 16 —

Keyser, John 85 10 —

Kiem, William 8 15 —

Leibert, Peter 188 7 11

Losh, Jacob 289 5 —

Lutheran Church (German) . . 156 2 6

Lentz, Nicholas 14 — —

Losch, George 2412 11 8

Linderman, Catherine .... 95 2 —

Miller^ Sebastian 114 16 9

Meng, Christopher 486 18 8

Meyer, Casper 58 5 —

Miller, George 158 4 —

Miller, Henry 88 8 —

Miller, Wickard . . . . 680 8 —

Mechlin, Samuel 2571 17 6

Melberger, Michael 679 6 —

Mehl, Frederick 778 10 —

Miller, Daniel 48 — —

Nunnemaker, Ludwick .... 92 6 8

Nunnemaker, Mathias .... 48 8 —

Nungesser, John 85 15 8

882 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778.

Nieman, Zachariah £667 12 —

ITick, Jacob 67 8 6

Nice, Charles 91 16 6

Opliter, Catherine 21 6 4

Piper, William 239 11 8

Pleager, Frederick 196 10 4

Painter, Maiy 20 14 8

Paul, Abraham 62 8 6

Rayman, Andrew 17 2 6

Rex, John 452 7 —

Rees, Daniel 128 18 8

Ritter, Catherine 676 6 8

Recker, Elias 9 18

Starr, John 62 8 6

Sommer, Jacob ..... 204 12 4

Sweitzer, Simon 167 6 4

Shubart, Melchior 864 17 —

Showaker, Conrad 79 17 —

Shubert, Barbara 42 1 —

Sheetz, Jacob 418 5 —

Schlotterer, Martin 88 — —

ShuBter, Jacob 18 18 6

Strow, Jacob 114 10 6

Stroup, Peter 81 9 9

Simon, Ann 14 8 9

Sander, Mary 19 2 —

Smith, Andrew 184 15 —

Showecker, Jacob 19 6 8

Steel, William 74 17 6

Steel, Mary 74 17 6

Spevia, William 82 8 5

Welker, Jacob 176 2 6

Warner, Lidia 847 15 —

Will, John 69 — —

Will, Casper 65 10 —

Windish, Casper 8 10 —

Yeakle, Christopher .... 290 17 6

Assessment of Damages dom by i

he British,

1777^1778. 888

GWINBDTH.

Stephsm Bloomy Assessor.

Dull, Christian

£75

— —

Fleck, George

— —

Hatfield.

George Sheive^ Assessor.

Eeed, Jacob

£45

16 —

Wisler, Isaac

17 6

Horsham.

John Simpson^ Assessor.

[No return.]

TCtngsbssing.

James BartraMj Assessor.

Bartram, James

£271

13 6

Bartram, John

181

8 8

Boon, Rebecca

192

10 —

Donehower, George

— —

Elliott, Christopher .

676

17 —

Glover, William

17 —

Gibson, David .

816

5 —

Gibson, Nathan

445

9 —

Guire, Adam .

2284

13 6

Holston, Frederick .

2 6

Hansen, Peter David

192

13 —

> Hoflftier, George

15 —

Jones, Neels .

— —

Justis, Charles

654

— —

Lincon, Abraham .

10 —

Lascum, Benjamin .

5 3

Lodge's, Abel Esf .

16 —

Matsinger, Elizabeth

15 —

Morris, David .

10 —

884 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777'-1778.

Makimsony George £88 6 6

Nilsell, Elizabeth 8 10 —

Robinson, Charles 249 16 3

Stitzel, George 16 17 6

Walters, John 218 15 8

Young, William jun 200 — —

Lower Dublin.
Joseph Ashton^ Assessor.

Ashton, Joseph £40 14 6

Ashton, Martin 67 — —

Ashton, Jacob 8 — —

Addis, Joseph 92 7 —

Ashton, Thomas 26 15 —

Bennet, Simon 81 16 6

Carman, Elizabeth 71 10 —

Duffield, Abraham

Duffield, Thomas 4 7 —

Bungan, James 50 — —

Dungan, Jesse 106 — 6

Duffield, Jacob 126 2 6

Dearman, Joseph 51 10 8

De Nyce, Jane ..... 20 — —

Elphinston, Nicholas .... 151 8 —

Edwards, William 21 8 9

Edwards, Elizabeth 5 7 _

Finney, John 54 10 —

Glenn, Daniel 67 12 6

Green, Robert 17 — —

Holmes, John and Thomas . 840 5 —

Hu%, Mary 126 — —

Hall, Jacob 486 4 —

Jones, Samuel 62 — —

Johnson, Peter 59 — —

Johnson, Benjamin 26 5 —

Jones, Joshua 47 17 6

Assessment of Damages done hy the British^ 1777''1778. 886

Jackson, Joeiah

£29

10 —

Johnson, John

15 9

Langhlin's, Jacob Est*

278

5 9

Lycans, Andrew

10 —

lavezej, Jonathan .

16 —

Livezey, Nathan

— —

McVaugh, Edmund

— —

McGargle, John

108

— —

Miles, Joseph .

15 —

Neswinger, Samuel .

— —

Northrop, Jeremiah

2 6

Ott, Jacob

14 —

Paul, James .

— —

Paul, John

108

— —

Pass, Frederick

121

11 6

Betzer, Jacob .

10 —

Rich, Jacob .

5 —

Rambo, Peter .

4 3

Shearer, Jacob

14 6

Snyder, David

251

— —

Taylor, Jacob .

12 6

Thomas, Evan

15 —

Vandyke, Aaron

9 —

Vandyke, Richard .

12 —

Waggoner, John

155

10 —

(To

be con

tmaed

•)

836 Johann Ghttfried Seelig.

JOHANN GOTTPBIBD SEELIG AND THE HYMN-BOOK
OP THE HERMITS OP THE WISSAHICKON.

BT HON. 8A1CUIL W. PENNTPAOKIE.

Substantially all heretofore known concerning the learned
enthusiasts who were called the Hermits of the Wtssahickon
and the Society of the Woman in the WUdemess can be found
in the " Settlement of Germantown" and the biography of
Hendrick Pannebecker. The sources of information there
used were to a large extent the works of Seidensticker and
Sachse. So far as known, there was only one manuscript
extant in the handwriting of Eelpius, his journal, in the
possession of the Wistar family, and all of the productions of
Seelig had been lost. In the " Vitse Theologorum Altorphi-
norum," by Gustave George Zeltner, published at Nurem-
berg in 1722, may be gathered a few additional facts of
interest concerning the early settlers of Germantown. Pas-
torius was a student at Altdorf from 1668 to 1670, and it
was there that his thesis upon law was printed. In Zeltner's
work are portraits and biographies of John Weinman, Luke
Frederick Reinhart, John Conrad Durr, and John Conrad
Schwaeger, four of the teachers of Pastorius. There is also
a reference to a song written by Dr. Johann Wilhelm
Petersen, one of the members of the Frankfort Land Com-
pany. From it we learn that the book of Kelpius, entitled
"Scylla Theologica," went through two editions. There
are also a portrait and biography of Dr. John Fabricius,
whom Kelpius called his master, and under whom he
studied.

It was in a letter to Fabricius that Kelpius told the story
of William Penn and the Indian chief narrated in the

Johann Ghttfried Seelig. 837

"Settlement of Germantown/* page 252. Fabricius had
written to Kelpius telling him of the report current in
Germany that he had surrendered his theological tenets and
become a Quaker, in reply to which he wrote a denial in one
of his few letters we possess. Thereupon Fabricius wrote a
vindication of him, which appeared in the second edition of
the " Scylla Theolo^ca.''

A recent discovery made in rather a remarkable manner
has added materially to our store of information concerning
the Hermits of the Wissahickon, and constitutes an interest-
ing bibliographical incident relating to the earliest period
of Pennsylvania history.

In the summer of 1894 I bought at a public sale at the
house of one of the Schwenkfelder people, named Kriebel,
on the Skippack Creek, in Montgomery County, Penn-
sylvania, a number of ancient books and papers, which
were sent to my office in Philadelphia. After all that
seemed to be of any importance had been selected, a re-
siduum of what was regarded as rubbish lay exposed upon
the top of a box for two years. Among the neglected
material was a German manuscript volume about eight
inches in length and four in width, whose title and front
leaves had been lost, and which contained at the end a
crude verse in a rude hand, written in 1772. It happened
that I gave up my office, and the rubbish was collected by
the expressman and taken to my home, where it lay on a
shelf unnoticed for four years longer. One day in 1900
the words " Der einsamen Turteltauben,'* the peculiar lan-
guage of the Dunkers of Ephrata, written on one of the
pages of tliis volume, casually caught my attention and led
me to give it careful study. I found that the turtle-dove
was sin^ng " in the silent woods," and, fortunate chance !
one of the hymns written in the book was dated of July,
1707, nearly forty years before the establishment of the
community at Ephrata, and was signed " J. G. S." There
was only one other set of people in early Pennsylvania life
who used this phraseology, and upon a comparison of the
VOL. XXV. — 22

888 Joham Ghttfried Sedig.

unusual penmansliip of the early hymns with that of the
journal of Eelpius, the revelation became certain and com-
plete. The hymn-book of the Hermits of the Wissahickon
had been happily and strangely recovered.

Eelpius wrote in it nineteen hymns, and at the end of the
book made an index of them. Of these there are seven
entire, parts of two others, and the first lines of alL An-
other of the hermits, not identified with certainty, but who
may have been Henry Bemhard Eoster, the learned trans-
lator of the Septuagint, added thirteen hynms. Then
Johann Gottfried Seelig wrote four hymns, and fortunately
signed and dated one of them in 1707. They constitute
the only productions and the only manuscript of Seelig
which the ravages of time have spared. The subsequent
history of the volume can only be conjectured. Treasured
as long as the community lasted, and then carried away
from G^rmantown and trusted to chance, it fell into the
hands of some person who made it the convenient recep-
tacle for the meaningless verses of 1772 which misled me,
and was thereafter knocked about the garrets of £Eirm-houses,
where it lost its ^tle-page and twelve of its leaves. It is
now bound in crushed levant and rests in a morocco case.

One of the hymns written by Seelig is here translated,
and, being among the earliest of American poetical pro-
ductions, is extremely interesting. It has much of the tone
of a modem love-song. The dove is cooing for its mate.
Christ is a bridegroom who is called to hasten to the await-
ing souL Each stanza suggests one single, simple thought,
which is emphasized by a descriptive word in the final
lengthened line. The attempt has been made to preserve
the rhyme, measure, and spirit as well as the ideas of the
ori^nal, a task rendered more difficult because of the
brevity of the lines.

Der eiiiBahmen Turtel-tauben be- The moving Song of Complaint

wegliches Klag-lied am orte ihrer of the Solitary Turtle Dove in the

probirdng im sdllen btische der ge- place of its trial. Sung in the still

duld geeungen von J. G. S. woods of patience by J. G. S.

Johxmn Gottfried Sedig.

839

1. Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Mein suas^Btes Snglein ?
Ich sehn mich mit Bchmertzen,
Und ruff dich im hertzen,
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Ach kom doch mein irostendes
Englein.

1. My Dovelet, where art thou?
Sweet Angel, why part thou ?
My heart is so painful,
Oh, be not disdainfiil.
My Doyelet, where art thou ?
Come, Angel, consoling my heart

2. Sieh wie ich hier walle,
Stets nahe dem fiille,
Ich mercke die tucke,
U. sehe die stricke,
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Kom eylend mein rettendea Sng-
lein.

2. See how I am heaving,
I stand here bereaving,
I watch all the threading
Of nets that are spreading.
My Dovelet, where art thou ?
Haste, Angel, deliver my heart
now.

8. Hor wie ich dir klage.
In eusserster plage,
Der Feind mir den glauben
Fast alle wil rauben.
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Ach kom doch hertz-starckendea
Englein.

8. Oh ! hear me complaining
In sharpest of paining.
The fiend is me reaving
Of faith and believing.
My Dovelet, where art thou?
Come, Angel, and strengthen my
heart now.

4. Im flnstem ich sitze

In zweiffel-angst schwitze ;
Mein weg ist verborgen,
Mich quahlen viel sorgen ;
Wo bistu mein Taubldn ?
Ach kom doch erlettchtendea
Englein.

4. In darkness I'm sitting.
With doubt I am splitting.
My way is all hidden.
No care is forbidden.
My Dovelet, where art thou ?
Come, Angel, enlighten my heart

Es lebet die Seele
In einsahmer Hohle
Ohn fireude, ohn friede.
Yon anfechtung mude,
Kom paarendes Taublein,
Ach kom doch erfreuendes Eng-
lein.

My soul is but living
In lonely misgiving.
The time is but dreary,
With struggles I'm weary.
Come, Dovelet, and mate me,
Come, Angel, rejoicing to sate
me.

Irrleitende lichter,
Yerstellte gesichter
Mich wollen bethoren
Yon warheit abfiihren.
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Ach kom doch warhaftiigea Eng-
lein.

6. False beacons misguiding.
False faces deriding.
Do often bewray me,
From true ways betray me.
My Dovelet, where art thou ?
Come, Angel, the true way im-
part now.

840

Johann Ghttfried SeeUg.

7. Ruch fuhl ich die Hiebe,
Der fleisohlichen Liebe ;
Wen die mich verwunden
So bistu yenchwunden :
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Eom lieb micb reinliebendes Eng-
lein.

7. I feel all tbe glowing
Of lust in me growing ;
If fkils my endeavor
I lose thee forever.
My Dovelet, where art thou ?
Come, Angel, clean love in thy
heart now.

8. Bey alle dem Summer
Fall ich doch in Schlummer
Die Tragheit mich drucket
Der Schlaff mich berucket ;
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Ach kom doch ennunirendes
Snglein.

8. Oft sorrows encumber
While lying in slumber,
My sin is enduring
And sleep is alluring.
My Dovelet, where art thou ?
Come, Angel, awaken my heart
now.

9. Soil ich noch mehr klagen ?
Yon kummemuss sagen ?
O dass ich dich hette.
In meinem hertz-bette !
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Ach kom doch verhorgenes Eng-
lein.

9. Why am I refraining,
In sadness complaining ?
Oh I could I but hold thee
And to my heart fold thee.
My Dovelet, where art thou ?
Come, Angel, and hide in my
heart now.

10. Du bist ja alleine

Die lieb die ich meine :
Dich will ich nur haben
Du kanst mich recht laben :
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Ach kom doch hertz4iehen8tea
Englein.

10. For thee am I lonely.
For thee I love only.
And I must possess thee.
And thou canst caress me.
My Dovelet, where art thou ?
Come, Angel, with love in thy
heart now.

11. Ach lass dich beschweren
Die heissen hertz-zahren 1
Zu kommen, zu eylen
Nicht langer verweilen 1
Wo bistu mein Taublein ?
Ach kom doch ertounBchetea
Englein.

11. Oh, why art thou keeping
Thy hot tears from weeping ?
Be coming and staying.
No longer delaying.
My Dovelet, where art thou ?
Come, Angel, the wish of my
heart now.

12. Nun hier wil ich warten
In deinem Creutz-garten
Bey der gedult Myrrehn,
Stets ruffen und girren :
Wo bleibstu mein Taublein ?
Kom paar dich, kom lieb mich
mein Englein.

12. Now here am I waiting,
The Cross is inviting,
By Myrrh is my wooing.
Still calling and cooing.
My Dovelet, I wait thee.
My Angel, come love me, come
mate thee.

Memoirs of Brigadier^General John Laeeyj of Perma. 841

MEMOIRS OP BRIGADIBR-GBNBRAL JOHN LACBY,
OF PENNSYLVANIA.

(Continued from page 207.)

July 9"*. The three Pennsy* Regiments — ^the first Com-
manded by Colo' Dehaas ; 2d by Colo' S* Clear, and three
Companies of the 4*** Commanded by Colo' Wayne, em-
barked in Batteaus. I went with them ; having head winds
did not arive there untill after night Two of the men be-
longing to my Company, Levi Fell and William Rogers,
were left sick at Crown point, without a single person to
attend them, who dyed for want, purely by Capt. Moore's
neglect On the Eleventh word was brought that the five
absent Companies under Lieu* Colo' Johnston had arived at
the landing on the North East end of Lake George about
three miles distant from where we were Encamped. I im-
mediately went to them ; Colo' Johnston & Major Honsiger,
were loth to believe my relation of Colo' Wayne's Treat-
ment to me. The Colo' however, engaged he would imme-
diately have all difference ammicably. Next morning they
came into Camp and erected their Tents near the other
three Companies. Cap* Moore took the Command of his
Own Company — ^mine was left without an officer as Lieu*
Smith & Ensigne Beatty were both sick. I still remained
at a distance and did not Join the Regiment — ^I had made
it a practice not to pitch my Tent near Colo' Wayne or
either of the three Companies — ^but Chose to be nearer those
I conceived to be my Friends — ^had Joined Cap* Willets
Com. of Colo' Dehaas Regiment he being a BxxckB County
man. Early in the Morning of the 18*"* Colo' Johnston and
Major Honsiger came to my Tent — ^the Major advised me to
go and take care of my Company, as they appeared to be
totally neglected and without an officer. Smith & Beatty
being both sick — ^he said by way of persuasion, if I quit the

842 Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey, of Penna.

Armey as I had determined to do at this time k went home,
it would be believed by everybody that I had been guilty of
some crime for which I had to leave the Armey. I told
him I had rather dye or live all my days in obscurity, than
to continue under k subject to the Caprice of such an unjust
tyrent as Colo^ Wayne. Colo* Johnston advised me by all
means to take the Command of my Company — ^ihe Colo' he
said had been rong, and my Character was not at all iiyured
with any of my friends — ^if I would now go and Join the
Comp^ all our difference would be ended and forgotten,
and tiiat he would vouch that the Colo* would use me well
in future ; that to contend would only aggravate k make
matters worse. I offered him my Commission, but he re-
fused to take it. Soon after he left me I rec* the Following
note from Colo* Wayne—

"TiooKDBBOGA July 18*»^ 1776—
"To Captain Laoby.

"You are immediately to take the Command of your
Company, and to appear with them on the Parade at half
past 7 o'clock this Morning.

" Anth^ Wayne."

I immediately called on Colo* Dehaas, whome I had before
consulted with concerning Colo* Wayne's Treatment, and
he had stated my case to Gen* Gkttes, who promised him I
should have Justice done me. I showd him Colo* Wayne's
Order commanding me to take the Command of my Com-
pany— ^he advised me by all means to take charge of the
Comp^ or Colo* Wayne would make my reftisal a disobedience
of Orders, in which he would have the advantage of me,
and that if I took his advice, he would be my Friend. In
consequence of which, I concluded it most prudent k ad-
visable to Join the Company, tho with great reluction and
regret — ^but as I had got my hand in the Lyon's mouth it
was the wisest way to get it out as easy as I could ; but the
Wound given me by Colo* Wayne was deep and incureable.
I was resolved to leave the Armey the first oppertunity I

Memoirs of BrigacUer-Greneral John Laceyj of Penna. 843

could Honourably depart from it, convinced Wayne had be-
come my Personal & Bitter Enemy, he would suffer no good
occasion to slip in gratifying his splene in punishing me for
my reluctance in yielding to his arbitrary and unjust man-
date, k by complaining to the Commanding Generals for
redress. At the time appointed the whole of the Regiment
had been Ordered to Parade, I placed myself at the Head
of my Company — ^this was the first time the whole Regi-
ment had met together — each Company taking its station
in the line according to the Rank of the Captain, in the fol-
lowing manner, viz. First, Frasurs, 2* Robinsons ; 8 Lacey's ;
4*^ North's; 5 Church's; &^ Vamum's; 7*** Taylors; 8"»
Moore's. This being the first Organization of the Regi-
ment, we incamped in the same Order, with the officers'
Tents in the Rear. I ordered my Orderly sergant to make
me a return of the Company, which to my inexpressable
mortification I found to stand as follows, viz. one Cap*, 1
Lieutenant, 1 Ensine, 2 Sergants, 2 Corparals, no Drum or
Fifer, and but 48 privates — ^Ryan my second Lieu* had been
appointed adjutant of the Regiment 2 Sergants k 2 Cor-
perals had been lost at the three Rivers, the Drum k fife
had deserted at Albany — having lost since I left the Com-
pany on long Island, 2 Sergants, 2 Corperals, 2 Drum k
fife and 28 Privates. The chagrin and mortification in find-
ing the Company so reduced was almost insuportable and
what made it still worse, those 28 missing Men, were the
finest and best looking men belonging to the Comp^. I was
again determined to resigne my Commission, but by the
pursuasions of my Brother officers, and being convinced by
sad experience I could not obtain any Redress, once more
resolved if possible to worry out the Campain ; to leave it
now, when danger was expected, looked too much like
cowardice, and that I detested more than all the other
calamities that had befallen me k this, I could not Brook
rivitted me to the Spot

July 14*^. Tho Sunday, I was Ordered to take the com-
mand of one Hundred and fifty Men--one Captain and two

844 Memovrs of Brigadier-Qtrural John Lacey^ of Penncu

Lieutenants, all of the Pennsy* line, to proceed with fifty
Batteaus to Crown Point, to bring the 6*** Pennsy* Regi-
ment to this Place— returned with them the next Day — ^I
lodged at Crown point with Doc' Johnston of the 6*** Reg*
whome I had before contracted a very friendly acquaint-
ance. He was a Man possesing a very Koble and Philan-
thropic mind, in him no hollow Friend was found, his pro-
fessions of Friendship were sincere. Part of the New
Jersey, New York and New England Troops went and en-
camped on the East side of the lake, on a high point of
Ground opposate the Old Fort which was called Mount
Indipendance, or Rattle Snake Hill, on account of the great
numbers of that Venemous Serpent found there, on clearing
off the Timber and under Wood, where the Troops pitched
their Tents. On the 18*^ the Pennsy* Troops moved from
their encampment near the old Fort Ticonderoga, and En-
camped along and within the old French lines on the high
ground to the Northward and Westward of the Fort
These lines consist of a string of Redoubts or Breast Work,
with a ditch on the outside, which had been picketed, and
appeared to have once been a formadable works, but now
gone very much to decay and out of repair. They extended
across a point or Neck of Land from the Southern to the
Northeast bend of Lake Champlain, as fisur as the hight ex-
tended, to a Marsh or Morass on the Margin of the Lake.
These lines or Redoubts appeared to be well calculated for
defence against the sudden approach of an Enemy without
Cannon, but required twice the number of Men composing
the four Pennsy* Regiments to defend it. Colo^ S* Clear
having been appointed a Brigadier Gen* commanded the
Pennsy* line, Colo* Winds Regiment of New Jersey, and
some other Troops attached to the Brigade.

The Troops Officers and men lay in Tents, their daily oc-
cupation was repairing the old lines and building new Re-
doubts, not even Sundays excepted, officers as well as men
laboured in cutting brush making and toting &shines, and
diging in the ditches, not a moments time was lost, and only

Memoirs of Brigadier-Greneral John Ldcey, of Penna. 845

time allowed to Eat Fattigue and guard-mounting occu-
pyed all our time. The following was the order of work
viz. On the beating of the Revelee, which commenced at
the Fire of the Morning Gun at the head Quarters of the
Commander in Chief. At the moment the report of the
Cannon was heard every Drum in Camp began to beat the
Revelee, a little before or on the first appearance of Day
brake, the Soldiers at the same instant seasing their Arms
and accrutraments, rush forward to the Alarm posts — a place
previously fixed for that purpose, there with the Officers
they remain there ready for action untill, and sometimes
after sunrise. As soon as it is sufficiently light to distinguish
the Men, orders are given to go through the exercise of
fireing, which is kept up untill the Troops are ordered to
their Quarters, to get their brakefasts and at 7 at Troop
Beating the Guards and Fattigue parties are turned out,
who assemble opposate their respective Companies and are
marched by Sergants to the Gen' Parade to be joined by
others, and placed under the proper officers are sent to the
Stations of the different Guards or Fattigue, according to
the Order of the Detail of the Day. The sick having been
on our first arival firom Crown Point sent over Lake Gteorge
to the Barracks at the south end of it, where they had good
Quarters, those in Camp are geting well, and very few new
Cases accrue, owing to our regular duty & better supplies
which are now becoming very regular and plenty. We
begin to live like Christians and aJl in good Humour and
Harmony.

I omitted to mention in its proper place and time, some
occurences in Canada, worthy of remark. My mind at
that time was engaged in matters of deeper moment to my-
self, on my personal account; these were in regard to our
supplies, which were not only bad in quality, but scant and
limitted in quantity. The Meal, I cannot call it flour, for it
was hardly ground, it was what at my Father's Mill in
Bucks County, we called Chopt for Horses and Cattle.
Many a bushel I had Ground there for Hogs of fiar better

846 Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey^ of Penna.

quality than the Meal we drew here to Eat, none of which had
been Boalted ; we eat it Bran and all, some of it very musty.
As to meat, we had none but rusty Pork, the Pickle, if any
had ever been on it, had long since leaked from the Barrels,
such as did not Stink was so rusty it could not be eaten ;
but used in this manner, as I saw and had it done myself.
The Meat was cut in Slices, stewed over the fire in a pan or
other vessel, untill the lard was extracted, when the Meat
was thrown away, making the Meal & Bran into a batter
with water, pouring it into the hot lard, holding over the
Fire a short time, we had a very ritch and eatable Cake,
which served both for Meat and Bread — a small portion of
Tea or Chocolate sweetned with Maple sugar satisfyed our
repast This would have done very well could we but
procured enough of it — ^we seldom drew more than half
the rassion & often not one third. As for fresh Meat, I
dont recollect seeing any, it was in the season when Cattle
in Canada was very poor, the Grass and Herbage was now
in rapid progression and I have no doubt but Autom will
produce plenty of good and Fat Beef. I saw a great many
fine Cattle Browsing especially on the Islands and Southern
Banks of the main lands as I passed down the S^ Lawrence
from Montreall to the mouth of the River Sorrell, and
where we halted, discovered plenty of Milck & good rye
bread in the Houses of the Inhabitants, which they were
very willing to sell for hard money, but refused our Paper.
Lieut. Colo^ Johnston brought with him the Declaration
of Congress of the Indipendance of America on the 4*"'
inst it made a little Buze, but soon subsided & was for-
gotten. A few Officers left the Armey in consiquence of it,
among whome was Lieu* CoUan Allen. Lieu* Smith still
continuing sick had taken his residence at the Saw Mills
about 8 miles from our Camp, at the Rapids between Lake
George & lake Champlain — ^I went to see him, found him
more indisposed in Mind than Body, prevailed on him to
accompany me to Camp, and take his Qtr* in my Tent I
had procured some Boards from the Saw Mill, made a good

Memoirs of Brigadier-G^eneral John Laceyy of Penna. 347

and Drie floor, raised the sides of my Tent two Boards
high, made a Chimny & fireplace at the back end with
Sods of Dirt or Earth, which made it a commodious habi-
tation. Having first sat the Example it was soon followed
by all the other Officers, many of whome exceeded mine by
carrying the sides of their Tents higher with Boards, with
more commodious fireplaces, having improved on my Plan.

Prom the 18*** of July to the first of September, very
little occurence of Note took place, Fattigue and Guards
mounting was the principle duty & requires no partic-
ular notice; but on the begining of Sep* reinforcements
were daily ariving from different Quarters. A more
serious and formadable and warlike Aspect semed to per-
vade the whole Armey of Mount Independance, the other
the Armey of Ticonderoga. Gen* S* Clears command at the
old French Lines, the Pennsy* Troops & part of the Jersey
line — Gen*, Brigade and Regimental Orders were issued
every day, gave so detailed an ace* of the Occurrences in the
Camp, and having a book wherein was coppyed the Orders
of the Day. I here omitted to continue my Journal, de-
pending on these Gen* Orders for an out line of the History
of the times. One occurrence, however, I shall notice in
my Journal before I discontinue it, because it discloses an
important instance of Colo* Wayne's good will and attach-
ment to me, and is a link of the chain of his persicutions.

Having been on a Scouting with Lieu* Bead absent three
Days, during which time a supply of Spirits arived in Camp
for the Officers, our rations were retained untill our return,
being very much fattigued concluded to put the whole to-
gether and have one good drink. We invited a few of
our Friends, and after Dark, retired to my Tent Being
woried and not having eaten any Food the last Day we were
absent,— our provisions being expended — ^the Spirits having
the greater effect on our empty Stomacks, got the better of
us. It being late and aft;er tattoo beating, we supposed
ourselves unnoticed, was louder in our conversation than we
ought to have been, Colo* Wayne, whose Markee was at no

848 Memoirs of Brigadiei'-GenercU John Laeey^ of Penna.

great distance, hearing something that displeased him,
altho none of us remember saying any thing about him, or
even mentioning his Name the course of the Evening. He,
however, next morning sent Adjutant Ryan to demand my
Sword, to put me under an arrest, with Orders that I must
remain in my Tent No notice was taken of the other
officers that were with me the previous evening. I de-
manded of the Adjutant a statement of the crime for
which I was arrested, as I was thus to remain a Prisoner in
my Tent I supposed it must be a capatal offence, and as I
was concious of committing none to my knowledge, that
it was requisite I should know the charge, to prepare my-
self to make my defence, as I was deprived of my liberty,
by being a prisoner in my own Tent, I must procure some
Friend to act for me — ^but not knowing my offence I was
entirely at a loss how to act He replyed the Colo* had not
told him, and only commanded him to demand my Sword
& inform me that I was to consider myself under arrest,
and not to leave my Tent I sent for the Officers who had
been with me the night before, who all declared they did
not remember that Colo* Wayne's name was mentioned
once during the Evening. They all agreed I was the
soberest person in Company. Conceiving myself innosent,
or at least not knowing wherein I had transgressed against
any of the Rules or articles of War, I remained in my
Tent a passive prisoner untill the next Day, when I wrote
the Colo* a very civil note requesting him to be so good as
to send me in writing the purport of the crime or offence
for which I had been placed under an Arrest by his Orders,
which I prevailed on Major Honsiggar to deliver to him —
but he sent me no reply. I sent for Colo* Johnston, who
knowing the irritibility of Colo* Wayne and not willing to
offend him refused to come. All the other Officers of the
Regiment, excepting Robinson & Moore, called on me in
the Course of the day — several of them had been at my
Tent the Evening before — all declared they had not seen
nor heard a single occurrence that related to any transaction

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Laeey^ of Perma. 849

of the Colonels, that while they were with us, we were all
in high good humour. Some of them said they saw the
Colo* soon after they left us, standing near my Tent listning
to us ; that he remained there for some time, and during
the time they heard us laugh very harty & loud, but could
not hear what was said. I remained in my Tent to the
third day, not hearing anything from the ColoS I drew up
a statement of Colo' Waynes Treatment to me, including
the Former as well as the present case, which I sent to
Gen' S* Clear, requesting a Court Martial, that I might be
acquitted or condemned ; that I only demanded Justice ;
that my Character had already sustwied much injury by
implication of Colo' Waynes Conduct to me, and that my
Future reputation, my own satisfiEiction as well as that of
my Friends demanded it, being confined a prisoner to my
Tent I beged the Gen' would Order my releasement so fer
as to be permitted to procure testamony and prepare for my
defence. Being aware of bringing any of the officers of
my own Regiment under Colo' Waynes displeasure, and
being unable to leave my Tent without incuring a breach
of Order, which was what Colo' Wayne wished, I sent for
my Friend Cap* Willit of the first Pennsy* Regiment, who
gave my statement and application to Q^n' S* Clear, un-
sealed to Colo' Dehaas who delivered it to the Gen'.

On the same Evening Adjutant Ryan called on me, de-
livered me my Sword, and informed me I was at liberty,
that the Colo' had withdrawn the Arrest I required of
him to inform me what was the cause of the arrest, and
why he had withdrawn it; he said the Colo' had not in-
formed him. I accepted my Sword, but told him I must
have a hearing, that I had applyed to Q^n' S* Clear and ex-
pected him to appoint a Court Martial. I immediately went
to Gen' S* Clears Head Quarters, Colo'' Wayne, Dehaas, &
Hartiey of the 6"* Pensy* Regiment was there. I addressed
the Gten', stating that my case had become the Theme of
every Officer of the Armey, at least in the Pennsy* Line,
that I demanded an investigation, and hoped the Gen' would

350 Memoirs of Brigadier^Oenercd John Lacey^ of Permcu

do me the Jostice to grant it That I had long lain under
a Sensure for disobedience of Orders, and had already been
sorely punished for it by the Orders of Colo^ Wayne, with-
out a tryal, or conviction, and that the present occasion
offered a fair opertunity for an investigation, which I very
anxiously wished the Gten* would be pleased to indulge me
in, that I hoped a measure of that kind would put an end
to all differences between me and the Colo' in future, and
that if I was guilty of any Crime I wished it to appear, and
I only wanted Justice, which I conceived every Officer &
Soldier in the Armey was intitied to. My mind had been
worked up to a kind of Frensey, I did not feel much what
I said or did, but fortunately, I had resolution to keep my
Temper, was quite coole and collected.

Wayne nor any of the other Officers said a word, but I
could see the Choler rise in his Face k his Bosom heave
with indignation, which he curbed with difficulty. After I
had done, the Gten' said, as I had accepted my Sword and
was from under an arrest he could not on the present occa-
sion interfere in my case, and hoped as matters now stood,
the Colo* and me would be good Friends in ftiture. Find-
ing I had ignorantiy made a mistake in accepting my Sword
which I ought to have refused, I withdrew and return* to
my Quarters, where I spent the ISight in meditations.
Altho this aflGEure had passed away still my mind was £ar
from being reposed, the evidence left was clear, the canker
in the Colo*' Breast was unabated, that he had imbibed
without a Just cause a powerful prejudise, which the first
sure occasion would lead him to seize with avidity to crush
me altogether in satisfiiction to his spleen, for my daring to
complain to his Superiors of his Maltreatment of me,
which his high & Haughty mind can never forgive, and to
expect it I would be deceived.

The Colo* is a Tyrent in his very Nature, of an implacar
ble temper, once offended always cruel and unforgiving,
waiting only like a beast of Prey to make a sure and safe
stroke on his prey. Considering myself thus precariously

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey, of Penna. 851

situated and all my future profipects of peace, happyness or
promotion to be in Jeperdey under the Controle of Bueh a
being, I came to a fiiU and decided determination to quit
the Armey as soon as the Campain ended. To quit it
now, when danger was said to be approaching would have
the appearance of Cowardice ; on that score I could not for-
give myself and which I was resolved should not be laid to
my charge. Early next morning after dismissing the Men
from the Morning Alarm post, I called at the Colo^ Mar-
kee; Cap** Robinson & Moore were present I told Colo*
Wayne I was exceeding sorry such a Misunderstanding ex-
isted between us, and that he had taken such a deep preju-
dice against me, which imbittered both our lives, and ren-
dered us alike uncomfortable ; that I had called to inform
him, I had come to a resolution as soon as the Campain
had ended to leave the Armey, and hoped we might live in
harmony untill that time arrived. That I did not wish to
leave it now when we expected the Enemy to pay us a visit
soon, to leave at such a time would look like cowardice, and
that I did not wish to lay under such a charge. I never saw
the Colo* so much beat before, he stammard, said he was will-
ing to give me satisfaction if he had injured me, that he was
not prejudiced against me, and asked me to stay and take
breakfast with him, which I declined, returned to my Tent,
resolved to do my duty in every thing to the utmost extent
of my Abilities, and not to be absent a moment from duty
or £Edn myself sick, as had been the case with some others,
especially the Colo** fevorites Robinson & Moore. I felt my
mind more composed on the final determination of quiting
the Armey at the end of the Campain, if I survived the
approaching conflict we expected with the Enemy, whome
we learnt from our spies were expected to pay us a visit,
and that we might expect them ere long. On our part were
equally industerous to prepare for their reception, and to
meet their attack, we laboured with increased industery in
repairing old Works and building new Batteries along the
edge of the lake to oppose their approach by water.

852 Memoirs of Brigadier-G^eneral John Lacey^ of Pernio.

Hitherto I had acquired a very slender knowledge of
Mankind, or at all troubled my mind on the topick, or study
of Human Nature ; I had been led away by fiancey, in pur-
suit of a Butterfly, a fantom, something, Nothing, I knew
not what I had supposed every body was as simple as my-
self, and never drempt of deep designs and whiley schemes
of speculating and ambitious Men of Craft and cuning
swindlers and deceptive knaves, of Mean Sycofismts, Toad-
eaters, k spittle lickers to great Men, Flatterers k BuflToons
or any thing to be favourites. I had lately been in a Copi-
ous School, had seen much and felt more, I have worshiped
largely on the Altar of adversity. On the Onset of my
Public career I was a profound novise of the World, or the
motives that lead and Govern Mankind, perhaps the vicici-
tudes of my late adventers may be profitable lesson to me.
I am sometimes almost ready to dispond, considering my
fortune to be unluckey, and that my evil Jenius attends me
on all occasions, in every vicicitude of my life k wherever
I go altho one perplexing disappointment is following close
on the heels of another, and every step I take is marked
with misfortune still the ennergy of my mind is unbroken ;
it becomes more vigerous as Calamities beset me, neither is
my Patriotism shaken, yet with sorrow I see or think I dis-
cover men acting from very difterent motives I have pre-
dicated to be the government of my own. Very few if any
appear to act on open pure and disinterested principles ; by
their conduct one would suppose their patriotism to be an
empty name, guided alone by private pique and personal
resentment, by restless ambition or desperate fortune, of
party and factuous spirits, and relentless persecution, bear-
ing down every thing in their way to the Seat of Power or
promotion. Such I fear are the motives which guide too
many in their pursuit of wealth or preferment. Not being
influenced by the benevolent Spirit of Universal Public
good. I do not say all men are thus contaminated with
evil, but I can say to a sertainty, I have found more of this
class than I wish, and I deplore the misfortune of their

Memoirs of Brigadier-Chneral John Laceyj of Penna. 858

Alliance, nor shaD I hesitate to say it of Colo* Wayne, and
that he sacrifices largely on the Altar of self pride and
Ambitious Tyranny. I know very little of Cap* Robinson,
he keeps himself very close within the Vortex of the Colo**
Patrimony ; but this I know when any extra duty is re-
quired, he is sure to be sick, and never fisdls to fSaint at the
sight of human Blood. Cap* Moore is more of a Bully; he
is of profligate and debauched morrels, a mean Cringing
and servile flatterer, crouching at the Colo** Feet, to secure
a place in his Royal favour, a seat at his Table & Lod^ng
in his Markee. A total stranger to all the Noble and
manly feelings incident to a free and Independant mind.
They two were Waynes constant companions, inmates of the
same Markee, Dined, Suped and lodged togeather. None
of the other Officers of the Regiment were suffered to ap-
proach them or invited to eat or drink a drop, at the Colo**
Festive Board ; no one troubled them, unless called there
on business. The Colo** partiality to them was such, as to
disgust all the other Officers of the Regiment

On taking a retrespective view of my life up to this Day
I have abundant matter of regret in my buget to dispose
of it properly is no easy task. A large account must go on
the Debit side to my Parents, a large share to my own
Nature, and the resedue, or Ballance of accompt to For-
tune: The Gt>ddis of the distinies of Man. Altho my
Parents possessed no absolute power to direct the distinies
of my life, yet they had the power over my Actions
during my Minority, a fiill controle which they neglected,
over my education, which alone had the most powerful in-
fluence on my future actions, in fiting me for useful imploy-
ment as well in public as private life, expanding my mind,
enlarging my Ideas, and preparing me to see and Judge
correctly of Men and things as they really were ; to guard
against deception. Flattery, false pride, and all the hosts of
Siren elurements that hover about the minds of youth, too
often the fetal cause of their devoted calamities.

I was young, my mind fleeting, every thing about me
VOL. XXV. — 23

864 Memoirs of Brigadier'Gfeneral John Lac^^ of Pennou

clothed in deceptive colers ; it was impossible I should see
or Judge correctly ; my mind was not prepared by educa-
tion to the Sphere of my actions. Judgment must there-
fore go against my Parents, and I thus get rid of the first
charge. Kext in order is my own Nature, how am I to dis-
pose of that seeing so large a charge to go to the account
of the first rudiments, first impressions made on the tender
mind of Youth on its onset Altho it will be admitted a
large account ought to go to the affiare of Education still
their is due to Nature, to instinct, to Jenius & Capacity no
small account, they must of course bear their share. As to
the Ballance which I have exhibitted against Fortune.
Perhaps that Fickle Gbddis in true Justice might be
chargable with the whole Debt of errors, as she alone semes
to have the controling Power over all, and the distinies of
men intirely subject to her Will. Having thus BaUanced
the Ace* of errors on placing them to their proper Debits
up to this time ; still I find no profit by the Work, no gain,
all blank, and my distiny unsettled — thrown into a misteri-
ous World, lyable to unforeseen, and uncontrolable misfor-
tunes— and without a hope that my future life will be at-
tended with less capricious events than my Past — seeing
this World to be full of evils, which requires more than
human eyes to foresee or human Wisdom to shun, having
ended my miditations, sat down exactly where I begun.

(To be continaed.)

Letters of Presidents and « Ladks of the WhUe Bouse." 856

LETTERS OP PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES
AND "LADIES OP THE WHITE HOUSE."

[The following letten of PireBidentB of the United States and
"LadieBof the White House" have been copied from the originals in
the yarions autograph oollectionB of the Historical Sodefy of Pennsyl-
yania. Many of them haye neyer been published, and the general selec-
tion has been made as iar as possible for the social character of their
contents. — ^Ed. PEHirA. Mag.]

Mouirr Vernon 7^ Oct 1796
Dear Sir,

Upon my return to this place from Philadelphia, about
the middle of last month, I found your letter of Sep' I"* and
the sum of Four hundred and seventy five pounds ten shil-
lings & two pence which you had deposited in the hands of
M'Dandridge on account of your collection of my Rents
which will be placed, as desired, to your credit

I am sorry you should have been so unsuccessfrd in pur-
chasing in my life leases; — ^but if I do not misunderstand
your meaning, when you say I had limitted you to too distant
a day — viz — ^the first of Sept' to make these purchases, there
surely never was such a mistake as you have committed in
this business, or I must have been out of my head when I
wrote the letter, — So fiar from restraining you in making
purchases until the first of last month you were told, or at
least meant to be told that if you could not apply the money
which was in your hand to this purpose by a certain day (I
suppose the first of Sepf ) that then, and in that case I should
call for it as I wanted it for other uses — ^How this could be
deemed limitting you to too long a day I have no concep-
tion when the money was left in your hands for' the sole
purpose of buying in the leases. — ^I request you to look at

856 Letters of Preeidenis and << Ladies of the White House.^'

my letter again and inform me if it will admit of such a
conBtmction as you have given it if I understand the mean-
ing of yours.

What money you may yet pay, agreeably to the assurance
in your letter may be deposited in the hands of M' Pearce
or in the Bank of Alexandria — ^ving me an ace* of the
sum. —

As Land has risen so much, and so suddenly in its price,
and my rents bear no Idnd of proportion thereto ; I shall
insist, and beg that you will see, not only that the rents are
ptmctuaUy paid, but that aU the covenants in the leases, with
respect to buildings, planting Orchards making meadows
reserving certain proportions of the Land in wood, &c &c
are strictly complied with — and I further desire that in cases
of life leases, where the Occupant can give you no satisfeuN
tory evidence of the existence of the lives of the persons
therein named, that ejectments may be brought, in order to
make them come forward with their proofs : — ^for these leases
will never expire if vague information is received & credited,
of the lessees being in Kentucky, or the lord knows where. —
Another thing too I would have minutely looked into, and
that is, where there has been a change in the occupants from
the original Lessee's, to know by what authority it has hap-
pened ; for if I recollect the tenure of my Leases, there can
be no alienation of the property without the consent of the
Landlord, under his hand (and I believe) seal. —

You say you have repossessed two or three lots in Freder-
ick ; and have conditionally rented out two for £85 pound
per ann ; but you do not say whether this is the rent for
each, or for both. — ^If the latter, I should think it inadequate.
— ^If the former, I agree to and ratifie the same for the term
of ten years — ^but when leases for that term are ^ven, you
should stipulate for reasonable k proper improvements, that
the tenements may be restored with some advantages. — ^I do
not recollect what the quantity of Acres in the Frederick
lots are, — and therefore my opinion of the adequacy — or in-
adequacy of the rent of £85 is mere guess work. — all I

Letters of Presidents and " Ladies of the White Souse.^^ 867

want, is as much as others get for lands of the same quan-
tity quality thereabouts. — ^Whenever you make out a Rental
have a column for the quantity of Acres contwied in each
lot Give my love, in which your Aunt & the &mily join,
to M" Lewis and be assured of the friendship and regard of
Your affectionate Uncle

G. Washington.*

New Yobk October the 22« 1789
My dbab Fanny

I have by M" Simes sent you a watch it is one of the Car-
goe that I have so long mentioned to you, that was expected,
I hope is such a one as will please you — ^it is of the newest
fashion, if that has any inflewanc on your tast — ^the chain is
of M' Lears choosing and such as M" Adams the vice Presi-
dents Lady and those in the polite circle wares. It will last
as long as the fashon — and by that time you can get another
of a fiashonable kind — ^I send to dear Maria a piece of chine
to make her frock — ^the piece of muslin I hope is long
enough for an apron £3r you, and in exchange for it, I beg
you will give me the worked muslin apron you have like
my gown that I made just be fore I left home of worked
muslin as I wish to make a pettecoat of the two aprons, — to
my gown — ^M" Sims will give you a better account of the
fashons than I can — I live a very dull life hear and know
nothing that passes in the town — ^I never goe to any publick
place — ^indeed I think I am more like a state prisoner than
any thing else, there is certain bounds set for me which I
must not depart from — and as I can not doeeial like I am
obstinate and stay at home a great deal.

the President set out this day week on a tour to the east-
ward. M' Lear and Mjflor Jackson attended him — ^My dear
children has had very bad clolds but thank god they are
getting better. My love and good wishes attend you and
all with you — ^remember me to M' A M" L Wn how is the

' Society's Ck>llectioii from W. Alex. Smith.

858 Letters of Presidents and ^ Ladies of the White Housed'

poore child — Idas Maria I send her too little handkerchief
to wipe her nose — adue

I am my dear Fanny yours

most affectionately

M Washington,*

Addressed ,

Mrs F. Washington
Mount Vemon
fietvored by

M»Sims

QuiNCT October 8. 1815
Sib

Your fietvour of September the 80*, was received last
night Your frank avowal of your birth in France is no
diminution of your respectability in my Estimation : for of
the two most conspicuous Nations of Europe I know not to
which, I ought to ^ve the Preference in Science Litterature
and taste, but in point of Civilization and politeness, I have
no hesitation in preferring the French to the English.

Accept my Thanks for the two " Daily OompUers/'

In the first Line of the Letter dated Boston 17, April
1809 there is a mistake, instead of 1650, it should have been
1680. For Joseph Adams Senior, the only one of the
Eight Sons of Henry who Settled in this place, was an
original Proprietor in the Township of Braintree which was
legally incorporated in One thousand Six hundred and thirty
nine, as appears by their Records.

Li the Second Paragraph of the Same Letter is another
Mistake. Samuel Adams and John Adams, it is true, were
both descended from Henry, but not " by two of his Sons."
They descended from two of the Sons of Joseph Adams
Senior. John descended from Joseph Adams junior the
oldest Son of Joseph Senior. Samuel was descended from
John Adams a Merchant in Boston, and a younger Son of
Joseph Senior. If you Should ever come to Boston and

I Ettmg Oollection, Historical Sociefy of Pennsylyania.

Letters of Presidents and << Ladies of the White House.*' 859

will fietvour me with a Visit I will take a Walk with you in
the congregational Church yard in Quincy, where the Grave
Stones of the Race Still apx>ear with inscriptions in very
legible Characters.

There is another little mistake in the Acount of the*
Letter of 1755, My dear youthfull Friend and Correspond-
ent D' Kathan Webb, died a Batchellor and left no Son«
He left the Letter to his Father who left it to his Nephew
and Devisee, Captain Jonathan Webb my Neighbour now
living who was Idnd enough to Send it to me when it was
more than fifty years old.

Another Mistake. J. Q. Adams's Grandfather Smith was
a Clergyman it is true : but his great Grand&ther was not.
He was a Merchant in Charleston Massachusetts and a rela-
tion of the Smiths of Charleston South Carolina.

Another Mistake. J. Q. Adams's Father did not *< re-
ceive Permission to come home." He was left in the most
awkward Situation imaginable : but he took upon himself
the resolution to return home, and run the Guantlett a
Second time, through the thousand Ships of War of Great
Britain and run the risque of the Tower and the hurdle
and the Axe.

Thus fiar, with the above exceptions, the Letter is correct
and exact Li the continuation of the Letter, in the Com-
piler of September 25*** Justice is not done to J. Q. A. BBs
<< Acquirements in Science and Litterature have been equal
to those of any public Man I ever knew in America, Jeffer-
son and Madison not excepted." What may be intended by
Sciences, I know not : but in Mathematicks, in Physicks, in
Chymistry and in Natural History, his Proficiency need not
Shrink fix>m a Comparison with the proudest Sons of Fame
in political or military Life.

There is another Liaccuracy. He had not "entirely
neglected his Greek." He had Studied that Languge at
Leyden and there are Memorials Still in being in his hand
Writing, of his Studies in Greek, which Shew that he was
not only Master of the Characters but had made a respec-

860 Letters of Presidents and " Ladies of the White House:'

table ProgresB in the BudimentB. All the rest of this Letter
is exact

You request " further Information concerning the diplo-
matic Career of J. Q. A." On the 8*^ of August 1809 He
sailed with part of his Family for Saint Petersburg as Min.
Plen. to the Emperor of Russia. His Negotiations there
and at Ghent; are they not written in the Book of the
Chronicles of the Secretary of State of the United States ?
I know nothing of them but what has appeared in the News-
papers. He has had too much discretion I presume, to
communicate them to any but his Government

He is now Min. Plen. in London, with his "Wife and his
three Sons.

I am, Sir respectfully your humble Servant

John Adams.*

P.S, J. Q. A's Travels in Silesia while he was Minister in
Prussia were published in the Port Folio at Philadelphia,
and thence pirated into a printed Octavo Volume in Lon-
don, and have Since been translated into French. Any
Man who will read them and his two Volumes of Lectures
on Oratory may form a Judgment of his Litterature. BSs
Letters to the public offices and to his Friends in America
written from Europe for the last twenty years would form
a BSstory of the European and American World for the
whole of that Period.

J. A.

L. H. GiRARDiN Esq'
Richmond, Virginia.

QuiNCY, Fabry 2* 1806
My Dear Nancy

Miss Ann Beal delivered me your Letter this morning at

meeting, you will see by my Letter of fryday evening how

much tiie president was dissapointed both by the travelling

and weather, we adjoumd the club on purpose, to day the

travelling is better than since the Snow fell. I have looked

* Dreer Ck)llection, Hifltorical Society of Penngylvania.

LeUers of Presidents and « Ladies of the White Bouse." 861

up the articles you requested, and judging others by my-
selfy that a kind turn will not be considerd as a burden, I
venture to send the Bundle by Mr. Seals, and am half
tempted to add one for Mr. Shaw, as I know he must want
if I do, will your sister oblige me by sending her Boy with
it I have another much larger, but that I shall try to send
some other way — I need not say how much I miss your
companionable qualities — ^tho some times a little too low
spirited, yet we could talk of that and reason about it —
what a contrast I have between the loquacity of Susan, and
the Taciturnity of Louissa — apathy what art thou ?

Absence of occupation is not rest,

A mind quite vacant, is a mind distressed —

I have only been twice out since you went away, once to
the funeral and once to sister Cranch's — ^I have been troubled
with a pain in my stomack, but am better to day. — Susan is
quite well, and regrets your absence daily — John talks of
you constantly — brides to see you — and inquires how all your
Family do. —

My love to your sister if the weather should be pleasent
& the travelling good I may run in some day in the week,
but you know I have many hinderences so do not expect it
till you see me. — I have not sent the other stockings be-
cause the dryed yellow in spots. —

John Greenleaf George & John have been prateing about
me all the time I have been writing. —

affectionately your Mother

A Adams.^
I see a Mr. Whitwell is
selling of his Hard ware
at the comer of union street

Addressed to

Mrs. Ann Adams
Boston.

^ Dreer Ck>llection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

862 Letters of Presidents and « Ladies of the White House.''

MoNTiCBLLO Sep. 29. 1794
Dear Sir

In a letter from Crosby, office keeper for the Secretary of
State, he informs me you expressed some anxiety to receive
the gong belonging to Mr Franklin, the bringing of which
here was the subject of a former apology to you. I have
the promises of three several persons who went to China in
different vessels in 1798, that they would bring me one each,
and I presume I may count on their return the next sum-
mer, in the mean lime Mr Franklin's is used here as the
bell for a chateau clock which I have. I take the liberty of
assuring you it is in perfect safety, that whether I receive
one or not, the next summer, it shall be then most sacredly
returned, and that in case of any accident to myself, I have
given notice to my family that it is the property of Mr
Franklin & is to be safely returned, still should you re-
quire its immediate return, I will on receiving notice send
it instantly to Richmond from whence there is a conveyance
to Philadelphia every week, retaining always the same
sentiments of

esteem k respect,
I am Dear Sir

Your most obed*

& most humble ser^

Th : Jbffbrson ^
M» Bachb.

Dbar Sir

I am very much ashamed of having delayed till this day
to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, I am afraid I
shall forfeit my title to the character of a " woman of busi-
ness," but I received it in the midst of a hurry of a double
moving, Ellen and Cornelia to Boston, and My self and little
ones to our new quarters in Cambridge, where I am very
pleasantly and comfortably setled in the fionily of the Pro-
fessor of law (M' Steams), a most excellent &mily and as

* Dreer CoUectioii, Historical Sociefy of Pennsylvaiiia.

Letters of Presidents and « Ladies of the WhiU House.'' 868

kind and attentive to me, as even My own children could
wish, you know how much that says. I was very much
dissapointed at not seeing Mrs. Peyton and your self before
you left Boston but I was so much confined and had it so
little in My power to visit at that time, that I could not pay
those attentions to the Yir^nians in town that I wished, to
Mrs Mayo and Mrs Richie both I must beg you to excuse
me, for to both of those ladies I feel my self indebted, the
one for the many Idnd attentions paid me in Bichmond, and
the other for so kindly waving the ceremony of a first visit
and calling upon me at Monticello. but as those stem deities
" Poverty and impossibility" seem to regulate My destiny I
must beg you all My dear fiiends to accept the tmll of a grate-
fiil and affectionate heart for the deed, remember me most
affectionately to Mrs. Peyton and accept for your self the
best wishes of yours & &

M Randolph^
Cambridge, Oct 15, 1827

Addressed,
Col. Bernard Pbtton

Bichmond
Virginia

Harewood October 6, 1794
Dear A Hon'' Sir

I have detained Sam by whom I send this so much longer
than I intended & you expected that many apolo^es are
due for the liberty. I hope it will be a sufficint one that I
found him indispensable for a variety of little servicesy
which I did not particularly take into view before I left
Orange. These he can himself explain and I therefore leave
the task to him ; proceeding to the history of what relates
to myself. On my arrival here I was able to urge so many
conveniences in hastening the event which I solicited that it
took place on the 18*** Ult : On the friday following we set

^ Dreer Collection, Historical Society of PennsylTania.

864 Letters of Presidents and « Ladies of the White Souse.''

out accompanied by Miss A. Payne and Miss Harriot Wash-
ington, on a visit to my sister Hite, where we arrived the
next day, having stopped a night in Winchester with Mr.
Balmain. We had been a day or two only at Mr. Hites, before
a slight indisposition which my wife had felt for several days
ended in a regular Ague & fever. The fits tho' succeeded
by compleat intermissions were so severe that I thought it
prudent to call in a Physician from Winchester. Doc'
Mackay not being in the way Doc' Baldwin attended, and
by a decisive administration of the Bark soon expelled the
complaint She has since recovered very &st k I hope not-
withstanding a slight indisposition this morning which may
be the effect of fittigue & change of weather, that no return
is in the least to be apprehended. We left M' Hites the
day before yesterday, our time was passed there with great
pleasure on our side, and I hope with not less on the other.
Our departure however was embittered by the loss sustained
the night preceeding by my sister, which you will have an
account of from Mr. H. by this opportunity. In about 8 or
10 days we expect to set out for Philad* your daughter in
law begs you and my mother to accept her best and most
respectfiil affections, which she means to express herself by
an early opportunity. She wishes Fanny also be sensible of
the pleasure with which a correspondence with her would
be carried on.

I* saw Praily at M' Hite's. He promises stedfiastly to
be with you in about a fortnight at fiarthest; and to do
every thing on his part requisite for a vigorous prosecution
of the undertaking at Bernard's Ford.

I must ask the favor of my mother to make out a memoran*
dum of the Cloathing &c to be obtained at M' Dunbars for
the negroes ; A of yourself to have it transmitted along with
a list of other articles such as Salt, Iron &o which may
wanted [sic'] for the winter's use. I heard with great satis-
fiaction by M' Howard that her complaint which appeared
in so doubtful a character when I left her, had taken a turn
that promised an early & I hope entire recovery. With my

Letters of Presidents and " Ladies of the White Souse." 865

sincereBt prayers that perfect health & every other good may
attend you both. I remam y* affect* son

J« Madison Jr.^

I called soon after I came into the neighbourhood on
M" P. Hite & found her & family well. I intend to repeat
my visit if possible & to introduce her new relation to her.

Nov' 7"» 1807

Deep affliction my dear friend has for some time past
arrested my pen !

My beloved & tender Mother left us forever, on the 20"*
of October last — She was in Vir^* with my youngest sister,
when she died, without suffering or regret . . .

The loss is only ours, & for that only aught we, her chil-
dren, to mourn !

M' Madison unites with me in best wishes, & regard for
you k yours

D P Madison*

I can have no doubt but that Fitzrald's statement is
proper — & the balence due to us will perhaps answer for a
new Ensurance, if you will have the goodness to apply it —

^ Dreer Collection, Historical Society of Peimsylyania.
•Ibid

(To be continued.)

866 Puns and WUticisma of Judge Biehard Peters.

A COLLECTION OP PUNS AND WITTICISMS OP
JUDGE RICHARD PETEES,

[Copied fipom the manuflcript of Samuel Breck.]

I have heard somewhere that ptmning is the foundation
of every kind of wit, because it is of the lowest sort Be
that as it may, it certainly amuses as much as any, and as
we are all of us disposed at times to cry out " Vive la hagatdley^
I have for occasional diversion, collected such " Jeux des mots*^
and " Jeux d^esprif^ as have pleased me. . . • many of them
in my social intercourse with my venerable and excellent
friend and neighbor Vudge Peters, who as a punster was
unrivalled in this country.*

The Judge when in his seventy-sixth year was dining with
the Society of the Cincinnati, and looking over the list of
ori^nal members perceived that only forty were then alive.
" Very well, gentlemen," said he, " as this is a military as-
sociation and I am the oldest survivor, I mean to stick to
the military etiquette, which places the senior officer in the
rear of all processions, and by that means I shall see you all
out, and reach the dismal goal last."

^ Judge Biehard Peters was bom in Philadelphia June 22, 1744, and
died there August 28, 1828. He studied law, came to the bar in 1768,
and rose to eminence in his profession. Early in the Bevolution he
commanded a company of Associators, and later served as a member of
the Board of War. In 1782-88 he became a member of Ck)ngreas ; 1787
a member of the Assembly of Pennsylvania, and Speaker of that body
1788-90. On April 11, 1792, he was commissioned judge of the
United States District Court for Pennsylvania, which he held till his
death. Judge Peters had a high reputation as a wit and was a general
£Bivorite in society, and at his countryHseat, ''Belmont,'' in the present
Fairmount Park, he extended a princely hospitality to the eminent men
of his day.

Puns and WUHcisma of Judge Richard Peters. 867

This silhouette was copied from the original by Miss
Lucy Brecky and Judge Peters used to say on looking at
the profQe: "This Indenture
"Witnesseth."

The Judge had an uncom-
mon sharp nose and chin, and
as he grew old they became
more prominent and ap-
proached each other. A
friend observed to him one
day that his nose and chin
were getting so near they
would quarrel. "Very likely,"
he replied, "for hard words
often pass between them."

The Judge was at a dinner
in Philadelphia in company

with Judge Bushrod Washington, who presided over the
United States Circuit Court, in which Judge Peters sat junior
Judge. The host repeatedly urged Mr. Peters to eat some
duck, but he constantly refrised. At length being again
pressed, " Give the duck," said he, " to my brother Wash-
ington, for he is the mouth-piece of the court"

When Judge Peters was Speaker of the Assembly, one
of the members in crossing the hall tripped on the carpet
and fell down. The members burst out into a loud laugh-
ter, when the Judge with the utmost gravity cried, " Order !
order, gentlemen, do you not see that a member is on the
floor?"

At the beginning of the Eevolutionary War, the Judge
commanded a company of InfiEuitry Associators. When he
called on the paymaster to settle his first six months' ac-
counts, that officer remarked to him that they were very

868 Puns and WUUdsms of Judge IHchard Peters.

large and added : " Pray, captain, how many men do you
command ?" " Not one," replied the Judge. " How," ex-
claimed the paymaster, ^^ such heavy accounts as these and
not command one man !" " No," rejoined the Judge, " not
one, but I am commanded by ninety." This was in allusion
to the usual insubordination of militia companies.

Peter A. Browne, Esq. who had lately been removed
from the office of Deputy Attorney General, on some politi-
cal charge, continued from custom to use the technical
phrases of a public prosecutor. " You see," remarked Mr.
Browne to the Judge, " the habit sticks to me." " Yes,
yes," observed the Judge, " you are like the clapper of a
bell, that keeps wagging after it has done sounding."

Some time afl;er the Judge laid out the town of Mantua
[West Philadelphia] , the project languished, when suddenly
some improvement in the neighborhood revived his hopes,
upon which one of his acquaintances remarked that he had
better now complete the laying of it out " Yes, yes," re-
plied the Judge, " it is high time indeed to lay it otdj for it
has been dead these two years."

At the annual dinner of the Agricultural Society m 1818,
the secretary, in casting up the bill and apportioning it
among the members, omitted accidentally a member by the
name of Price. " Never mind, Mr. Secretary," cried the
Judge, " you see, gentlemen, that we have had an excellent
dinner without Price."

One day after church our Rector, the Rev. Mr. Mont>-
gomery, was walking among the large timber collected for
the steeple. The Judge was in his gig at the &rther end
of the yard, and when about to leave remarked, " Adieu,
I would shake hands with you, were you not on the other
side of the Styx [sticks] ."

Puns and Witticisms of Judge Richard Peters. 869

While I was in Independence Hall, waiting to be pre-
sented to Gen. Lafayette, Col. Forrest [a colonel of artillery
during the war for independence] came up to him, fell upon
his neck and wept like a child. The Judge who was always
at the side of the General remarked that " there were many
kinds of trees in a Forest^ and that this no doubt was the
Weeping WtUcw.^'

" Why don't you buy land in North Carolina ?" said a
friend of the Judge. " I would prefer buying it in the
moon," was the reply. "Why?" "Because I should
sometimes see my purchase."

The Judge dined with me today (Nov. 10, 1822), and
in the coruscation of wit which sparkled in his conver-
sation said, that when he accompanied General Washington
as District Judge, in the " Whiskey Insurrection," Mr. Ham-
ilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, and himself undertook
to pitch a tent While Hamilton was very awkwardly
digging the ditch, he (Peters) attempted with a dull axe to
point some pins. As he was hacking away unconscious oi
being seen by any one, he heard a laugh behind him, and
looking round discovered Col. Gumey and some of his
officers making merry at his bungling efforts. Col. Gur-
ney commanded a regiment denominated the "Babes of
Grace," and on that officer looking at the dull axe, " Why,"
said he, " your tool wants sharpening." " True," replied
the Judge, " and you have a regiment, every man of which
would willingly steal [steel] it"

VOL. XXV. — 24

870 Letter of Qm. Washington to lAeut.'OoL John Laztrens.

LBTTBE OP GBNBEAL WASHINGTON TO LIBUTBN-
ANT-COLONBL JOHN LAUBBNS, 1780.

[The original of this yaluable and interesting letter is in the '* George
M. Conarroe Manuscript Collection" of the Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania.]

HD QB8 Passaic Falm
18^ Oct 1780.
Mt bbar Laurbns

Your friendly & affection* letter of the 4*^ came to my
hands on the 10* & would have been acknowledged yester-
day by the Baron de Steuben but for some important busi-
ness I was preparing for Congress*

In no instance since the commencement of the war has
the interposition of Providence appeared more conspicuous
than in the rescue of the Post & Glarrison of West Point
from Arnold's villainous perfidy. How fiur he meant to in-
volve me in the catastrope of this place does not appear
by any indubitable evidence and I am rather inclined to
think he did not wish to hazard the more important object
of his treachery by attempting to combine two events the
lesser of which might have marred the greater.

A combination of extraordinary circumstances — an unac-
countable deprivation of presence of Mind in a man of the
first abilities — and the virtuous conduct of three Militiamen
— ^threw the Adjutant Gteneral of the British forces in
America (with full proofs of Arnold's treachery) into our
hands — ^and but for the egregious folly — or the bewildered
conception of Lieu* Col* Jameson who seemed lost in
astonishment and not to have known what he was doing I
should as certainly have got Arnold.

Andr6 has met his finite and with that fortitude which
was to be expected from an accomplished man and gallant
officer — But I am mistaken if at this timey Arnold is under-
going the torments of a mental Hell. He wants feeling !

Letter of Ghru Washington to Lieut.'Clol. John Laurens. 871

— ^From some traits of his character which have lately come
to my knowledge he seems to have been so hackneyed in
villainy — & so lost to all sense of honor and shame that
while his faculties will enable him to continne his sordid
pursuits there will be no time for remorse.

Believe me sincere when I assure you, that my warmest
wishes accompany Capt* Wallens endeavours & your ex-
pectations of an exchange— and that nothing but the prin-
ciple of Justice & policy w^ I have religiously adhered to
of exchanging officers in the order of their captivity (where
rank would apply) has prevented my every exertion to
obtain your release & restoration to a fSsunily where you will
be received with open arms by every individual of it — ^but
from none with more cordiality & true aflfection than your

Sincere friend

and obliged Servant

G^ Washington

P.6. The Baron not setting out aa I expected become
the bearer of this letter.

LiBTJ' Colo Lauebns.

872 Missions at Beading and Morlattarij Berks Co.y Penna.

PAPBES EBLATING TO THE POUNDING BY THB
"SOCIETY FOE THB PEOPAGATION OP THB GOS-
PELS IN POEEIGN PAETS/' LONDON, OP THB
MISSIONS AT EBADING AND MOELATTAN, SEEKS
COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

OONTRIBUTID BT B. F. OWSN.

At a general meeting of the Society 17 April, 1761.
Read a petition subscribed by 22 of the inhabitants of the
County of Berks in Pa., in behalf of themselves & other
inhabitants of the said Co., dated July the 18, 1760,
setting forth y* s* Co. is a very large & gaining one, situ-
ated on the frontier of ye s* province & hath never yet
had any English minister of any denomination settied in
it, nor hath it had ye happiness of being visited often by
any of ye clergy of ye interior provinces, there being none
whose mission is so near to them as to allow them to come
thither without neglect of their proper parishes. That in
this distress having invited ye Rev. Dr. Smith to come &
preach among them & having received encouragement ftx)m
him to lay their case before the venerable society, they have
presumed to do so, & humbly pray that ye Society w* be pleased
to send them a missionary to reside at Reading & to officiate
also at Molattin, 15 miles from Reading, where a church has
for many years been built by a Society of English Swedes,
who Joiri with them in this application. That in order to
induce the Society to grant their request they have obliged
themselves by subscription to pay yearly to such missionary
ye sum of £60 Pennsylvania Money (about £88 sterling)
over and above what tiie Society may be pleased to allow
him k they will give all the further encouragement in their
power to any worthy minister the Society may be pleased
to send over, that for want of such, many people sincerely
disposed to the Church of England are drawn after various
sectaries k others are drawn to popery, to promote which a
popish priest was on the point of settiing in that town.

Missions at Beadmg and Morhitan^ Berks Co.y Penna. 878

And they take the liberty to mention to ye Society Mr,
Joseph Mather as they suppose at this time in London, a
young gentleman bom of creditable parents in that province
& educated in the College of Philadelphia, who they believe
w* do them good service, could he be prevailed upon to come
among them, & undertake the fatigues to which a new mis-
sion near the frontiers must be necessarily subject

Read a letter in which the preceding petition came en-
closed from the Rev. Dr. Smith, Provost of ye College in
Philadelphia, dat^d there August 26, 1760, & he hopes it
will merit the Society^s attention. The subscribers are per-
sonally known to him, & he preached to them that day &
was present when they subscribed it, & he knows them both
able & willing to make good their engagements. He says
Mr. Bird the first gentieman that subscribes is worth a thou-
sand guineas per annum in iron works. Reading is about
60 miles from Philadelphia, & is the chief town of the
county. Settled mostiy with Gtermans, & no English min-
ister hath yet resided in it, & the Romish priests are busy
among the people on one hand, & the Sectaries dependent on
the Quakers on the other, & Dr. Smith gives it as his honest
& most candid judgment that he knows of no place where a
mission is more wanted, & this was likewise the opinion of
the whole body of the Episcopal Clergy of the Province in
their late Convention. Agreed that a mission be established
at Reading in Penna. & that Mr. Mather be acquainted with
it if established as soon as it is known where he is.-

At a meeting of the Society 16 October, 1761. Read a
letter from the Rev. Mr. Barton, the Society's itinerant mis-
sionary in Penna., dated Lancaster, July 6, 1761, stating that
he has been twice this Summer to visit Reading, where there
are a few English &milies well-affected to our Church, as there
are also scattered here & there in other parts of the country
from whom he has frequent applications & is determined as
fiy* as the duties of his extensive mission will permit to em-
brace every circumstance that promises success to the cause of
true religion & the advancement of the Church of England.

874 Missions at Reading and MorlaUany Berks Oo.j Penna.

At a meeting of the Society 16 April 1762. In pursu-
ance of the Resolution of the Society 17 April 1761, to es-
tablish a mission at Reading, Resdvedj That Mr Murray
being well recommended by Dr. Smith, Mr. M'Pherson, the
Presbytery of Aberlonen and a great number of his hearers
in that Presbytery, be appointed to the Mission of Reading
in Penna. provided the people of Reading perform their
agreement with the Society, and the Lord Bishop of London
shall upon examination find him worthy of Holy Orders.

Rbv^ Sir

I was not a little concerned I could not see you when at
London last. M' Treadwell & I were recalled by Rench as
if he was to have sailed under the Convoy of the S* Ann,
but, like the wind, after we had Returned, he changed his
Resolutions, & told us he must wait the Scarborough
Frigate which was appointed Convoy to the New York
Trade; next he took Sailing Orders a day ago from the
Shrewsbury which is one of the five Ships that are ordered
to Halifax to relieve Lord ColviL T|^ is now the fourth
Convoy he has Tantalized us with, tho' you know he made
us believe he was to have sailed from this about a fortnight
at £BU*thest after we engaged with him, & nothing but these
hopes of Dispatch ever determined me to agree with him,
yet we are this moment as uncertain when we may sail as
the first day we came hither ; which is indeed a very great
hardship upon all the Passengers who are living at a Con-
siderable Expence, but a much greater upon Treadwel &
me, who are not carried to our nearest Port as all the Rest
are, & they see an end of y' Trouble & Charges. In this
Unlucky Situation, tho' I brought hither with me afterwards
of fourteen Guineas, I have been obliged to negotiate two
Bills upon the Society to supply my present necessities,
which I hope they will be so good as pay as they fall due—
But this Expensive as well as hazardous Delay which exposes
us to the Equinoctial Storms which we had contrived to
avoid, are not the only Perplexities. The Steward of our

Missims at Beading and Mcrlattanj Berks Co.^ Penna. 876

Ship, taking the advantage of onr long absence, has Bobbed
Several of us of the Best of our Things on board. M'
Treadwel has lost of Things bought for M' Auchmuty at
New York to the value of £5, but this is inconsiderable
compared with My Loss, The Villain has Stripped me of
my best Linen, & all my Summer Dress to a triffle, with
every thing else of the Most Value I had in my Trunk which
he broke open, & so left me to go the next thing to naked
into a Strange Country without Friends or Money to get
myself supplied. Our Captain, of whom I am at a Loss what
to say, engaged this Fellow, without so much as a Character
of him, yet I am advised we can have no Bedress at his hand.
Never were Passengers perhaps worse used in Most Bespects.
I would fidn hope the Venerable Society will consider my
Unfortunate Circumstances, & allow me Some Small Addi-
tion to my Salary, tho* it were but for the first ensuing year,
that I do my best to get Bid of my present Licumbrances &
Difficulties, & must presume to depend upon your Literposi-
tion in this affiiir, if you judge it advisable. It QuUs me
indeed I should be constrained to put any Friend to such
Trouble. I now bitterly Bepent my not accepting of the Offer
of going Chaplam to the Coast of Africa. I must further
beg you will pay your Brother the Account I am due him
& I shall Beimburse you when you Betum to Philadelphia.
It will be still more obliging if you can bring me another
Pair of the Black Silk Stockings I bought of him, for the
Steward made sure of the Pair I had among other things ;
only my Books remain untouched. I flatter myself, in the
Abundance of your Goodness, you will forgive this trouble,
&, with my Comp** to our Friends in the North, believe me
to be in all Sincerity & Gratitude

Bev*Sir
Your most Obed* & obliged
Serv»*

Albx* Mubrat

POBTSMOUTH 6 Aug^
1762

376 Missions at Beading and Mcrlattany Berks Co.y Pemuu

P.S. Since writing the above, The Orders for going under
Convoy of the Shrewsbury are Countermanded. The lying
at this Rate here, to what has passed, will bring me under
such a Load of Debt, aa all The Funds I can Command will
not be sufficient to clear off for Some Considerable Time.
Tho' I Communicate my Losses & Disappointments to you,
yet Chuse that none of my Acquwntances in Scotland Should
Know any thing of them.

The Reverend

Doctor William Smith
at Mr. James Smithes Comer House
of the Mews.

London
Rev^ Sir

Having been detained here waiting a Convoy much Lon-
ger than Expectation at an inaccountable Expence, I was
obliged, in order to defray a part of my Charges, to Nego-
tiate a Bill of Exchange which I have drawn upon M' Pear-
son for £7.1.00. being my Salary from Michaelmas to
Christmas next. Li these circumstances I would fain hope
the Venerable Society will agree to the Payment of it, espe-
cially as it is a part of my first years Salary which is allowed
even in the Event of My Death within that time.

I am w** Esteem
Rev* Sir
Your most hu* Ser^*
Alex* Murray
The Reverend

Doctor Burton — Secretary
to the Venerable Society for propagating
the Gk)spel in Foreign Parts

London

_ _ Beading 9 April 1768

Rbv^ Sir

The Society, no doubt, may have expected to have heard

of my Arrival here before now; but tho' I set out from

Missions at Heading and Morlaitan^ Berks Oo.y Penna. 877

London y* 2^ of July last to take Shipping from Portsmouth
to GblifEix, & from thence to Philadelphia, yet I reached y*
Latter only y* 10**" of December, & this place y* 18*^ of that
Month; after a Course of Greater Dangers, Hardships &
Misfortunes than I choose to trouble any with y* disagree-
able Particulars of. I thank Almighty God my life was
preserved, tho' my Health much impaired. But had I not
been reduced by considerable Expences as well as repeated
Losses I had never presumed to have drawn upon y* Ven-
erable Society in the forward manner I did : for I had ex-
pended upwards of four times y* Sum I was advised was
sufficient to defray my Charges to this place, & Contracted
besides more Debts than I can soon get clear of, before I
drew my Last Bill of £7.10 which was dated Philadelphia
27 Dec' last payable to M"* Barclay Merch* for my Quarters
Salary from 25* of that Month to 25*** March last— My
other Bill of £7.10. for my Salary from 25'^ Sept' to 25 Dec'
last was drawn payable to John Mitchel in London. & my
Bill of £1.11 for y* Portage & Freight of y* Societies Books
was drawn 10*^ Aug* last pay** to Edward Green on Demand.
The Acceptance of these & y* Societies Generous Forgive-
ness of what I have done irregularly in this matter is what
I would fiun hope for, after Knowing y* Straits I was reduced
to, and which I could neither foresee nor prevent, tho' I
followed y* best advice to avoid Hazard & Expence. * * *

I did not fail to Recommend the Celebration of the Lord's
Supper at Easter ; but none offered for y* purpose.

I continue, in terms of my Instructions, to officiate two
Sundays here & the third at Molatton, which is 15 miles
distant from this Town.

There has hardly any Ship since my Arrival offered
from Philadelphia that I cou'd with safety write by till
now; y* Delaware being froze over the most part of y*
Winter.

Besides the four Adults in Town I have Baptized a fifth
belonging to Molatton & two Infemts.

The Venerable Society may depend upon my best en-

878 Mssiom at Reading and Morlattany Berks Oo.y Penna.

deavours, with the Divine Concurrence, to answer the Pious
Ends of my Mission & widting their farther Instructions

I am respectfully
Rev* Sir
Your most Obed* hu* Ser*
Albx* Mubeay
The Ebv» Dr Burton

Beading. 25 January 1764
Ebv» Sir

My If otitia Parochialis of April last I hope you Received
& communicated to y* Venerable Society; Since then my
Congregation here has increased from 7 To 18 Families,
consisting of 121 Souls Young & Old. Of the New Mem-
bers, some were Presbyterians, some Baptists, some Quakers,
& some of our own Communion lately settled in Town. Of
the Quakers & Baptists I Christened 18 on last Christmass
day, & 5 before then, of whom 10 were Adult Persons, par-
ticularly one Gtentleman ye Principal Attorney at Law in
this place, whose Example had a very good effect in dis-
posing the Rest to be admitted into y* Church by Baptism.
These 18 w^ 7 In&nts besides are all I have Baptized in the
District of Reading since last April. I dispensed the Sacra-
ment of y* Lords Supper to 6 Persons Christmass last, &
w** these I was obliged to Retire to a Private house on this
occasion, as we have no Church, like others, to assemble in.

The Congregation at Molatton, the other part of my ifis-
sion, has decreased, by Removals, to 29 Families, maMng in
all 185, of which I have Baptized 2 Adults, & 12 Infemts; I
can no more prevail on that People than these here in Town
to engage heartily in any Scheme for Building a Church : —
So I despair of seeing one erected in either of the Places,
for some time to Come, as I do of a Parsonage-House &
Glebe, without which it is no easy matter to live in a Town
— ^And for Voluntary Subscriptions, they are so very pre-
carious, trifling & troublesome to Collect, that littie more
can long be depended upon here, than the Society^s Salary.
And if this is y* Case, as I am credibly informed it is, in

JUmions at Beading and Morlattan^ Berks Cb., Penna. 879

other Missions, I am apt to dread the Consequences. For
y* Expences of Living in this New World I can plainly see,
daily increase, & are become Extravagantly high from what
I learn they were but a few years ago ; insomuch that in
this Village tho' distant about 60 miles from the Metropolis,
I have paid at the Rate of £52 p Annum for Boarding &
but poorly Entertained & accommodated for that Money ; k
my horse costs me from 2 to 8 shillings a night — ^If Mis-
sionaries then in Times past could do no more than barely
live on their Income, what must their Condition be now {
They must fi^l into Poverty k Contempt, k become the
Pools k Slaves of a Few on whom they may depend for a
pitiful Subsistence ; and in the End no Man of Letters or
Common Abilities will be found to fill the Mission in Amer-
ica; so that it must fidl into the hands of men whom it will
Reflect no great honour upon the Church to employ k who
may Ruin her best Literests especially in a Government con-
stituted like Pennsylvania, where she has Nothing but the
Purity of her Principles k Doctrines, k the Morals of her
Clergy, to Recommend k Support her. The Lnpending
Evil is rather more easily to be foreseen than prevented.
However Something Still Might be done for her perhaps w**
the Gk>vemours of tliose Provinces where she is not by Law
Established k Provided for. — ^Por Instance, were the Mar-
riage Licenses directed only " To the Episcopal Ministers," as
I am assured they Constantiy were till of late year8,it would be
no small Emolument to us. Whereas just now the Licences
are directed " To any Protestant Minister." So that even
Magistrates as well as Teachers of all Denominations marry
by virtue of these, k Reduce this, which is y* only Perquisite
we have here, to a very Trifle, Six Pair being all I have
married since my Settiement here. — ^But I make no doubt,
were proper Application made to M' Pen, our Proprietor,
who it seems has been very generous in promoting every
public measure for ye Beneflt of y* Country, but he would
appoint that these Licenses be Returned into their Former
Channel, which would rather Increase than diminish the

880 Missions at Beading and Morlaitan^ Berks Co.y Penna.

Perquisites of y* Govemour ; & render the Solemnization
of Marriages more Decent & Honourable than presently &
Redress the Grievances daily complained of from Un&ir &
Clandestine Ones.

It is the Unanimous opinion of all here who wish well to
the Preservation & Enlargement of the Church, that, in the
Settlement of our late Conquests in America, application
should be made in the very beginning for the allotment of
Lands towards the Support of a Clergy Regularly Ordained
in our Church, after the Example of the French, who pur-
sued this Scheme in Canada, & thereby maintdned a numer-
ous Body of Priests & Jesuits, who were ever Zealous &
Active in Proselyting the Natives, & Sowing among them
the Seeds of Prejudice & Antipathy against the British, as
too evidently appears from their Singular attachment to the
French still — It cannot be expected tliat the Society's Funds
can Extend beyond the present Limits they have set to them,
& if they Continue Sufficient to Preserve even the present
Missions, it is all, at the Utmost, can be hoped from them.

The Number of Papists in this County I have not got a
more particular Account of yet than what I sent you in my
Last, nor that of Dissenters, of which we have some of every
Name. But the State of their Several Congregations are
rather too Evident from their scandalous Differences & Ani-
mosities, each within itself, as well as w* one another. The
People are ever & anon quarrelling w* their Preachers, whom
of humour & Caprice the Change much oftener than they
Renew their Cloaths, so that it is a great deal if they are
not all by the Ears in a Twelve-month — ^They are supported
by Annual Contributions, which are made good the first year,
then they are wearied, & both Parties find it Convenient to
part; the Idlnister to find a fresh Subsistence, & y* People
to get a New One in his place, no Matter whether Better or
Worse, so be their Itch after Novelty is gratified. In this
perpetual Round of Changes & Contentions, they sometimes
move w* a Seeming Gravity, as they do at others, with all
ye Party-Rage & Violence of Men out of their senses ; end-

Missions at Beading and JMbrlattany Berks Cb., Penna. 881

ing in provoking Libels & Lampoons, & in Batteries & Blood-
shed, 'twixt Pastors & People, as here of late ; which forms
the most Ludicrous & pitiable Contrast Lnaginable, & has
too manifest a tendency to expose the Ministerial Character
to such Obloquy & Contempt without distinction, as I could
hardly have thought it could be loaded with in any Christian
Country, as I observe it generally is here. — ^In the short
time I have been here, the Baptists, Lutherans & Calvinists
(the most numerous Sects in this Town & Country adjacent)
have changed their Ministers, & are still unprovided, as they
have been for some months past. In the midst of these
Convulsions & Wild-fire, I leave you to judge what State of
Mind I must necessarily be in ; not knowing often what
course to steer, that, if possible, I may give no offence : And
hitherto I have been abundantly happy to preserve the
favour of my own People, & I have no Share in the Quar-
rels of the others. — A Minister here must double his Guard,
& deny himself many of y* Lmocent Comforts & Liberties
.of Life, & Undergo as many of its Liconveniences, Foils &
Troubles, if ever he would succeed in his Work, particularly
in y* Frontier Mssions, as of Berks, Lancaster, York &
Cumberland, an Extent of above 150 miles & where there
are but three Missionaries only Mess" Barton & Thomson &
myself, who are obliged to Itinerate to our different Congre-
gations which are distant 80, 20, 18, 16 &c miles from our
Respective places of Residence ; & that in y* Several Seasons
of Extreme Heat & Cold & to be from home for Weeks to-
gether : And at the year's End scarce Receive so much as
would satisfy an Ordinary Mechanic : So that I am often
surprized how such of my Brethren Subsist, who have large
Families, as M' Barton, whose singular merit, I humbly
think, deserves the Notice of the Venerable Society. I am
still a Single Man, & it will be Prudent for me to continue
such in my present Circumstances. In time of War our
Situation is deplorable enough. M' Thomson, who had Re-
tired to a Plantation to Retrench y* Expences of Living was
drove off by the Indians & obliged to abandon his all, &

882 Misskm at Beading and Morlattanj Berks Oo.j Penna.

take shelter w* his Family in another Man's house in Car-
lisle* Many of the Dissenting Clergy, without any Assist-
ance from the Mother Country, are upon a better footing,
than those of the National Church, for while the Latter
in obedience to y* Canons Chuse rather to Suffer many
Hardships than engage in Secular Employments The For-
mer besides the Stipends they Receive from their Numerous
Congregations, are indiscriminately concerned in every
Branch of Trade, & hold Civil & Military Offices, & such of
them as are not employed in this way are Reduced to that
State of Dependence & Contempt I have mentioned before.
Of the three Sects I took notice of in y* former part of My
Letter, the Baptists are rather the least Factious ; therefore
I performed Divine Service Sunday last in one of their Meet^
ing houses about 6 Miles from here ; and if I meet w^ any En-
couragement & Success among them I shall advise the Society,
that I may be allowed to attend them at Stated Times.

My best wishes to the Literests of Religion, & the honour
& Gtood of the Church is the only apology, I can make for
the length of this Letter, & what Instructions I am &voured
from time to time w** from the Society shall be most punctu-
ally observed, & I shall ever reckon it, my Greatest Honour
& Gbppiness to deserve their approbation on all Occasions &
I should be very Ungrateful if I neglected to make my most
dutifril acknowledgements to the Society for the addition of
£10 they have been pleased to make to my Salary, which
enabled me to Keep a Horse from the Middle of Summer last
till now. I have distributed the Societies Books among the
Poorer people & Proselytes I have made ; & I hope still I shall
be a happy Instrument of gaining more from a State of Igno-
rance & Error, to embrace the Truth as it is in Christ Jesus. —
I am w** the sincerest Gratitude & Respect

Rev^Sh-
Your most obliged & very

affec** hu* Serv**

The Rbv^ Dr Burton Alex* Murray

(To be continaed.)

The late Major James Edward Carpenter. 888

ITbe late Olajor Samee £bwarb Carpenter.

We regret to announce the death of Major James Ed-
ward Carpenter, a vice-president of the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania, which took place at the residence of his
daughter, Newburyport, Massachusetts, August 16, 1901.
He was elected a member of the Society and became a life
member December 26, 1868, and after an honorable service
of thirty years as its treasurer, in 1898 declined a renomina-
tion, and was then elected a vice-president.

Mfyor Carpenter, bom March 6, 1841, was a son of the
late Edward Carpenter, a great-grandson of Thomas Car-
penter, of New Jersey, an officer of the Revolutionary
army, and a descendant of Samuel Carpenter, a member of
the Council and treasurer of the Province of Pennsylvania.
In the female line he was descended from Governor Thomas
Lloyd and Samuel Preston, who was mayor of Philadelphia
in 1711.

During the Civil War Migor Carpenter served as an
officer in the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry and on the staff
of General D. McM. Gregg, and was wounded in the en-
gagement at Philamont, Virginia. In the celebrated charge
of the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, at the battle of Chan-
ceDorsviUe, his horse was shot under him, and of the five
officers who rode at the head of the column he was one of
the two who survived the action. For a number of years
after the war he was an officer of the First Troop Philadel-
phia City Cavalry.

Major Carpenter was admitted to practice at the Philar
delpUa Bar October 21, 1866. He was one of the founders
in 1888 of the Pennsylvania Society Sons of the Revolu-
tion, one of its vice-presidents, and the only chairman of
its board of managers.

884 Index to American Portraits.

INDEX TO AMERICAN PORTRAITS.

BY BUNFOBD SAMUEL, OF THE BIDOWAT BBANCH OF THE PHILA-
DELPHIA LIBBABT.

(ConduVled from page 247.)

Ramsay, David, MJ>.; Analectic Mag., p. 204, July, 1816. J. B. White

p., Gimbrede sc.
Ramset, Alex., Govt.; Amer. Rev., frontispieoe, June, 1851. Daguerre-

otTpe. Joe. Ourdan sc
Randolph, John (of Roanoke); Port Folio, frontispiece, December,

1812. Edwin so.
f John (of Roanoke) ,• Analectic Mag., vol. v., frontispiece, Janu-
ary, 1816. Gimbrede sc
, John (of Roanoke) ; National Port Gallery, vol. iv., 1836. J.

Wood p., T. B. Welch sc

, John (of Roanoke) ; Harper, p. 80, December, 1850.

, John (of Roanoke; Jones, A. D., niust Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol.

ii. p. 375, 1854.

1 John (of Roanoke) ; Century, p. 812, April, 1883.

, John (of Roanoke) ; Harper, p. 817, November, 1884. As a boy.

, John (of Roanoke) ; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vii. p. 317, 1889. From National Port. (Mlery.
, John (of Roanoke) ; Scrib., p. 203, February, 1896. Jarvis p.,

1811.
, Peyton; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. L pt 2, p. 107, 1815. C.

W. Peale p., Goodman and Piggot sc
, Peyton; Museum, frontispiece, February, 1827. 0. W. Peale p.,

Goodman and Piggot sc.
, Peyton; Jones, A. D., IHust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., p. 102, 1854.

J. W. Orr sc
Rantoul, Robt., Jr.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, October, 1850. T.

Doney sc
Reed, Joseph; Du Simitiftre, P., Thirteen Ports, of Amer. Legislators,

L., 1783, plate No. 4. Du Simitiftre del., B. Reading sc

, JoawFU; Westminster Mag., frontispiece, December, 1783.

, Joseph; Jones, A. D., lUust Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. ii. p. 119,

1854. J. W. Orr sc

, Joseph; Harper, p. 226, July, 1867.

, Joseph ; Armor, Wm. C, Lives of Govrs. of Penna., Philadelphia,

p. 216, 1872.

, Joseph; Penna. Archives, Hbg., Second Series, vol. xi. p. 680, 1880.

, Joseph; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist of Amer., Boston, vol.

vi. p. 405, 1889. From Du Simitidre's Thirteen Ports.

Irukx to American Portraits. 885

BiDOELT, C. (of HAmpton); Museum, frontispiece, December, 1826.
Jarvis p., (Goodman and Piggot sc.

RiTOHiB, Thob.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, October, 1844. T.Sully,
Jr. p., J. B. Forrest sc.

RrmNHOXTSB, David; American Universal Mag., vol. L p. 219, Febru-
ary, 1797.

, David; Barton, Wm., Life of Bittenhouse, Phila., frontispiece,

1813. G. W. Peale p., D. Edwin sc.

, David; Polyanthos, 1814.

, David; National Port. Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. C. W. Peale p.,

J. B. Longacre sc

, David; Jones, A. D., lUust. Amer. Biog., K. T., vol. i. p. 69, 1853.

J. W. Orr sc.

, David; Duyddndcs's Cyclopedia, vol. i. p. 697, 1877.

, David; Bean, Theodore W., Hist, of Montgomery Co., Pa., Phila.,

frontispiece, 1884.

f David; Annual Bept. of Bd. of'Begents of Smithsonian Insti-
tution, June 30, 1897. Bept. of U. S. National Museum, pt. 2,
p. 382, 1901. From eng. by Longacre of painting by Peale.

BiVKS, Wm. C; Democratic Bev., frontispiece, January, 1838. Ch.
Fenderich del., Bannerman sc.

BoDOBBS, John, Com, (1771) ; Polyanthos, 1814.

Boss, Jambs; Port Folio, frontispiece, December, 1816. T. Sully p.,
Goodman and Piggot sc

Bumpobd, Count. Bee Thompson, Benjamin.

Bush, Benj.; Amer. Universal Mag., vol. ii. p. 340, June 13, 1797.

f BEifj.; Port Folio, frontispiece, October, 1813. Sully p., Ed-
win sc

, BEifj.; Analectic Mag., vol. iiL p. 46, January, 1814. Sully p.

(1812), Leney sc

, BEifJ.; Alden, Timothy, Collection of Amer. Epitaphs, Kew York,

vol. iv. frontispiece, 1814. Edwin sc.

, BEifj.; Delaplaine's Bepository, vol. L pt. 1, p. 27, 1815. Sully

p., Edwin sc

, Benj.; Museum, frontispiece, October, 1826. Sully p., Edwin sc

, Benj.; Casket, frontispiece, July, 1829. Sully p., Edwin sc.

, Bbitj.; National Port. Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. Sully p., B. W.

Dodson sc

, Benj.; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. T., vol. i. p. 93, 1853.

J. W. Orr sc

, Benj.; Harper, p. 875, May, 1876.

, Benj.; Duyckincks's C^dopsdia, vol. L p. 275, 1877. Boberts sc

, Benj.; Oncken, Das Zeitalter Friedrichs des Grossen, Berlin

(Oncken, Allg. Ges.), vol. ii. p. 719, 1882. Trumbull p. (picture
of signing of Declaration of Independence), Sadd sc

, Bd.; Democratic Bev., May, 1840. Sir T. Lawrence p.

BussELL, Ht.; Knickerbocker Mag., voL x., frontispiece, 1837. Wm.
Patten p., 0. E. Wagstaflf sc

VOL. XXV. — 26

886 Index to American PortraUs.

Sabqent, Efbs; Eniekerbodcer Mag., toL lii p. 221, S^tember, 1858.

Elliott p., Mote 8C

, Epks; DujddndcB's Qyolopmlia, voL ii. p. 569, 1877.

Sazb, John Qodfbxt; Intemational Mag., voL iv. p. 200, October 1,

1851.
, John Qodfbxt; Knickerbocker Mag., voL L p. 215, September,

1857. R. Soper bc

, John Qodfbxt; Dujckincke's Qyclopsdia, toL it p. 563, 1877.

SoHOOLOBAFT, Ht. Rows; International Mag., toI. iiL p. 300.
ScHUTLKB, Phujp, (T^fi.; Port Folio, frontispiece, February, 1810.

Leney sc
, Pwn.TP, Gen.; National Port. Qallery, voL iL, 1836. Trumbull p.,

T. Kelly sc
f Pwn.TP, Gtn.; Jones, A. D., must. Amer. Biog., K. Y., vol. L p.

105, 1853. J. W. Orr sc.

1 Pwn.TP, Qen.; Harper, p. 692, October, 1877.

, Phujp, Gen.; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Socy. of the

Cincinnati, N. Y., p. 281, 1886. H. B. Hall k Sons sc

f Pwn.TF, Gm.; Century, p. 825, April, 1889.

Scott, Winfikld, Gtn.; Analeotic Mag., p. 465, December, 1814. Wood

p., Edwin sc
, WiNFiELD, Gm.; National Port Qallery, voL Iv., 1836. C Ing-
ham p., W. Q. Armstrong sc
, WiNFiELD, Gen.; Amer. Rev., p. 148, February, 1847. R. W.

Weir p., J. F. E. Prudhomme sc

f WiNFiELD, Gtn.; Ulust Lond. News, p. 356, June 5, 1847.

f Winheld, Gtn.; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of Qen. and other Com-
manders in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 89, 1848. Medal

on battles of Chippewa, etc
, Winheld, Gen.; Amer. Rer., frontispiece, September, 1850.

Daguerreotype Mezzotint by P. M. Whelpl^.
, WmviELD, Gen.; Amer. Rev., frontispiece, August, 1852. Da-
guerreotype Mezzotint by P. M. Whelpley.
f WiNTiELD, Gen.; Democratic Rev., pp. 179, 180, 186, August,

1852. Caricatures.
1 WiNTiELD, Gen.; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. L

p. 179, 1853. J. W. Orr sc
y WiNTiELD, Gen.; Moore, Frank, Heroes and Martyrs, N. Y.,

frontispiece, 1861. Photograph. H. B. Hall sc
, WiNTiELD, Gen.; Moore, Frank, Rebellion Record, N. Y., vol. i.,

frontispiece, 1861.

, WiNTiELD, Gen.; Ulust. Lond. News, sup., March 16, 1861.

y WnmsLD, Gen.; Harper, pp. 451, 466, September, 1861.

, WiNTiELD, Gen.; Port. Monthly of the N. Y. Hlust. News, p. 4,

July, 1863.
, Winheld, Gen.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., N. Y.,

vol. ii. plate 44, 1876. Fttrst. Medal.
, WiNTiELD, Gen.; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., N. Y.,

vol. ii. plate 63, 1878. Ellis. Medal.

Index to American Portraits. 887

Soon, WnmsLD, Gmi.; Winaor, J., Narr. and Grit BImL of Amu.,
Boston, YoL yiL p. 389, 1889. From National Port Gallery.

, WimnELD, Gmi.; Powell and Shippen, Officers of the Army and

Navy, p. 369, 1892.

Seddoit, Jambs A.; Democratic Ber., frontispiece, April, 1850. En-
graved by H. S. Sadd.

Sedowiok, Thboixmib, Hon.; Polyanthos, 1813.

, Thbodobb; Democratic Bev., voL xL, frontispiece, July, 1842.

G. C. Ingham p., A. L. Dick sc

Sewabd, Wh. Ht.; Amer. Bev., voL xL p. 555, June, 1850. P. 2L
Whelpl^ sc.

, Wh. Ht.; Jenkins, John 8., Liyes of the Qotts. of N. Y., Au-
burn, p. 607, 1851. Lithograph of F. Michelin.

, Wh. Ht.; Democratic Bev., p. 191, August, 1852. Caricature.

, Wh. Ht.; Bungay, Qeo. W., Offhand Takings, N. T., p. 52, 1854.

J. G. Buttre sc.

, Wh. Ht.; niust Lond. News, p. 155, August 13, 1859.

, Wh. Ht.; Moore, Frank, Heroes and Martyrs, K. T., p. 21, 1861.

Daguerreotype. H. B. Hall sc

, Wh. Ht.; Moore, Frank, Bebellion Becord, N. Y., voL L supp. p.

1, 1861.

, Wh. Ht.; Port Monthly of the N. Y. lUust News, p. 35, Sep-
tember, 1863.

, Wh. Ht.; lUust. Lond. News, p. 373, October 19, 1872.

, Wh. Ht.; Century, p. 275, December, 1887.

, Wh. Ht.; Centuiy, p. 226, June, 1892. Caricature, "The Im-
pending Crisis."

, Wh. Ht.; Century, p. 227, June, 1892. Caricature, ''The Irre-
pressible Conflict."

, Wh. Ht.; Century, p. 230, June, 1892. Caricature, "Bunning

the Machine."

, Wh. Ht.; Scrib., p. 351, March, 1895. Photograph.

SsTHOXTB, Hobatio; Democratic Ber., frontispiece, October, 1851. Da«-
guerreotype. H. 8. Sadd sc

, HoBATio; Port. Monthly of the N. Y. niust. News, p. 34, Sep-
tember, 1863.

, HoBATio; Scrib., p. 340, September, 1888. Campaign medal.

Shannon, Wilson, Chvr.; Democratic Ber., frontispiece, August, 1849.
T. Doney sc

, Wilson, Chvr.; Century, p. 82, May, 1887. After oig. by Dimey.

Shabket, Wh. L., Judge; Amer. Bev., toI. xy. p. 379, May, 1852. A
H. Bitchie sc

Shippen, Edwd., Chief -Justioe; Port Folio, frontispiece, January, 1810. ,
O. Stuart p., D. Edwin sc

, Edwd., Chief -Juatioe; National Port Gallery, toL L, 1836. a

Stewart p., E. Wellmore sc

Shbkvs, Ht. Milleb; Democratic Bev., p. 159, February, 1848. En-
grayed by niman & Sons.

888 Index to American Portraits.

Shubbiok, John Tempulb; Analectio Mag^ vol. yUL p. 192, September,
1816. Gimbrede sc

, John Tkmflab; Port Folio, vol. zix. p. 860, 1825. Gimbrede sc

BiGOUBNST, Ltdia Huntlbt; National Port. Galler7, voL iv., 1836.
J. Herring p., G. Parker bc

, Ltdia. Huntlbt; Ladies' Repository, frontispiece, February, 1855.

Freeman p., F. £. Jones sc

, Ltiha Hunhxt; Dnjcldncks's Cydopndia, vol. L p. 839, 1877.

W. Roberts sc

SiLLiMAN, Bknj., MJ>.; Amer. Rev., voL xiv., frontispiece, 1851. Da-
guerreotype. Whelpley sc

, Bknj., MJ>.; Jones, A. D., Ulust Amor. Biog., N. Y., vol. L p.

165, 1853. J. W. Orr sc

SIMMS, Wm. Gilmobb; International Mag., voL v. p. 433, April 1,
1852.

, Wm. Gilmobb; De Bow's Rev., vol. zx. p. 611.

, Wm. Gilmobb; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, voL ii. p. 259, 1877.

, Wm. Gilmcmus; Harper, p. 63, June, 1878. Ward's bust.

Smith, Calbb B. (Secy, of Interior) ; Amer. Rev., vol. xiL p. 551,
December, 1850. Whelpl^ sc

, Calbb B. (Secy, of Interior); Port Monthly of the N. Y.

lUust. News, p. 36, September, 1864.

, Calbb B. (Secy, of Interior) ; Century, p. 428, January, 1888.

, Isaac; Port Folio, p. 135, February, 1809. Edwin sc.

, Sam. Stanhopb; Port Folio, voL iz. p. 153, 1820. C. Lawrence

p., Goodman and Piggot sc

, Tbuman; Amer. Rev., vol. xvL p. 385, November, 1852. A. H.

Ritchie sc

, Wm. (Qovr. of Va.) ; Democratic Rev., p. 454, May, 1848. En-
graved by T. Doney.

SouLt, PiEBBB; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, September, 1851. Da-
guerreotype niman & Sons.

Squibb, Ephbaim Gbo.; Amer. Rev., vol. xii. p. 837, October, 1850.
Photograph. Whelpley sc

, Ephbaim Gbo.; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. ii. p. 672, 1877.

Stewabt, Chas., Commodore; Analectic Mag., December, 1815.

, Chas., Commodore; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of Generals and other

Commanders in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 289, 1848.
Medal on capture of the "Cyane," etc

, Chas., Commodore; Democratic Rev., frontispiece. May, 1851.

Daguerreotype Hlman & Sons sc

, Chas., Commodore; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of U. S.,

N. Y., voL iL, plate 48, 1878. Fllrst Medal.

, Chas., Commodore; Scrib., p. 45, November, 1880.

, Chas., Commodore; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. viL p. 404, 1889. Wood p., Goodman sc. (From Ana-
lectic Mag.)

Index to American Portraits. 889

SnixiCANy Sam.» Bev.; PolTanthoB, yoL v., frontiBpieoe, 1807. John-
son p., Snyder sc

Stdddabd, Rd. Ht.; International Mag., p. 15, January, 1852.

, Rd. Hy.; Dnjckincks's Cyelopcdia, vol. ii p. 722, 1877.

, Rd. Ht.; Scrib., p. 688, September, 1880.

, Rd. Hy.; Harper, p. 817, November, 1886.

, Rd. Hy.; Book News, vol. v.. No. 58, frontispiece, June, 1887.

f Rd. Hy.; Cosmopolitan, p. 314, January, 1898.

, Rd. Hy.; Harper, p. 73, June, 1895.

Stoby, Joseph; National Port. Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. Chester Hard-
ing p., Q. Parker sc

, Joseph; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., voL L p. 41,

1853. J. W. Orr so.

, Joseph; Duyckincks's Qydopsdia, vol. ii. p. 14, 1877.

, Joseph; Carson, Hampton L., Supreme Court of U. S., Phila.,

p. 235, 1891. W. W. Story del.. Max Rosenthal etched.

Stboito, Caleb; Polyanthos, vol. v. p. 217, July, 1807. Coles p.,
Edwin sc.

y Caleb; Polyanthos, 1813.

9 Sblah B. (Justice) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, December,

1847. Wm. S. Mount p., T. Doney sc

y Wm.; Carson, Hampton L., Supreme Court of U. S., Phila., p.

461, 1891. Photo, by Faber, Albert Rosenthal etched.

1 Wm., Hon.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, September, 1850. En-
graved by T. Don^.

Stuabt, Alex. H. H.; Amer. Rev., voL xv. p. 285, April, 1852. A. H.
Ritchie sc

Stuyvbsant, Petbb; Jones, A. D., Illust Amer. Biog., N. T., vol. ii.
p. 27, 1854. J. W. Orr sc

y Peteb; Harper, p. 447, September, 1854.

, Peteb; Enickerbodcer Mag., vol. liv. p. 4, July, 1859.

, Peteb; Harper, p. 8, June, 1879.

, Peteb; Harper, p. 9, June, 1879. With wife

, Peteb; Century, p. 728, March, 1883. Port in N. T. Hist Socy.

, Peteb; Book News, p. 484, July, 1893. From Tuckerman's

" Peter Stuyvesant."

Tappait, Benj.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, June, 1840. Blanchard

p., P. H. Reason sc
Taylob, Bayabd; Putnam's Monthly, vol. iv. p. 121, August, 1854.

Daguerreotype Smillie sc

y Bayabd; Illust Lond. News, p. 245, March 6, 1858.

y Bayabd; Duyckincks's Cyclopedia, vol. ii. p. 714, 1877.

, Bayabd; Scrib., p. 81, November, 1879.

1 Bayabd; Scrib., p. 65 of advertisements, August, 1890.

, Bayabd; Harper, p. 819, May, 1894.

, Bayabd; Scrib., p. 442, March, 1895. Photo.

890 Index to American Portraits.

Tatlob, Zaohabt; Amer. Key., frontispiece, September, 1848. Da-
guerreotype. A. H. Bitchie sc

, Zaohabt; niust Lond. News, p. 316, November 14, 1846.

, Zaohabt; Illust Lond. NewB, p. 224, October 7, 1848.

, Zaohabt; Buchanan's Journal of Han, frontispiece, January,

1849.

, Zaohabt; Illust. Lond. News, p. 85, July 27, 1850.

, Zaohabt; Harper, p. 298, August, 1850.

, Zaohabt; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., p. 139, 1853.

J. W. Orr so.

, Zaohabt; Loubat, J. P., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., N. Y.,

plates 60, 61, 64, 65, 1878. Medals.

, Zaohabt; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nord Amerika, Berlin (Oncken,

Allg. Gtos.), p. 603, 1886. A. Chappel p.

, Zaohabt; Century, p. 520, February, 1887. Vanderlyn p., A. A.

Powell sc

, Zaohabt; Scrib., p. 342, March, 1895. Photo.

Tebbt, Wm. H.; Amer. Ber., vol. xv,, frontispiece, January, 1852. J.
Ourdan sc.

Thaohxb, p., Rw.; Polyanthos, vol. iii., frontispiece, 1856. 8. Harris sc

Thomas, Fbanoib, Hon.; Democratic Ber., frontispiece, September,
1841. Plumb p., A. Sealey sc

, Isaiah; Polyanthos, 1814.

, Phil. F., Oovr,; Democratic Ber., vol. xxvii., frontispiece, July,

1850. Daguerreotype H. S. Sadd sc

Thompson, Benj., Count Rumford; European Mag., frontispiece, Feb-
ruary, 1797. Bidley sc.

, Bbnj., Oovnt Rumford; Monthly Mirror, frontispiece, February,

1800. J. B. Smith p., Bidley sc

, Benj., Count Rumford; Port Folio, frontispiece, June, 1817.

, Benj., Count Rumford; Gillray, Caricatures, L., plates 459,

520, 1851.

, Benj., Count Rumford; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

vol. ii. p. 423, 1854. J. W. Orr sc

, Benj., Count Rumford; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist of

Amer., Boston, toI. vii. p. 197, 1889. From European Mag.

, Benj., Count Rumford; Annual Bept. of Bd. of Begents of Smith-
sonian Institution, June 30, 1897. Bept. of U. 8. National Museum,
pt. 2, W., p. 438, 1901. From eng. by 8. MtlUer.

, Hon. Jaoob (of Miss.) ; Democratic Ber., frontispiece, January,

1850. H. 8. 8add sc

TH(ttBUBN, Gbant; Museum, frontispiece, January, 1835. J. Yeager sc

Tibbatts, John W., Hon.; Democratic Bev., frontispiece, September,
1846. Daguerreotype T. Doney sc

Toombs, Bobt.; Amer. Bev., voL xi. p. 219, March, 1850. Daguerreo-
type P. M. Whelpley sc

, BoBT.; White, Geo., Hist. Collections of Georgia, N. Y., p. 685,

1855. J. G. Buttre sc

Index to American Portraits. 891

Truxtuit, Thob., Commodore; Port Folio, p. 30, January, 1800. MedaL
, Thos., Commodore; Wyatt, Thos., Mem. of Qenerals and other

GommanderB in the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., p. 193, 1848.

Medal on capture of "La Vengeance."

, Thos., Commodore; Harper, p. 163, January, 1862. MedaL

, Thos., Commodore; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. 8.,

K. Y., Tol. ii. plate 22, 1878. Medal.
, Thos., Commodore; Century, p. 6, May, 1890. Archibald Rob-
ertson p.
, Wm. Talbot, Commodore; Powell and Shippen, Officers of the

Army and Navy, p. 433, 1892.
Ttleb, John (Prest.) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, November, 1842.

Daguerreotype. A. L. Dick sc.

, JoHif (Prest.) ; Illust. Lond. News, p. 246, April 8, 1843.

, John (Prest.) ; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. 8., N. Y.,

voL ii. plate 58, 1878. Medal.
^, John (Prest.); Century, p. 616, February, 1887. Qustav

Kruell sc
, John (Prest); Scrib., p. 211, February, 1896. Photo.

Undebwood, Jos. R.; Amer. Rev., vol. viL p. 609, June, 1848. A.
H. Ritchie sc

Van Bubcn, Mabtin; National Port. Gallery, vol. iii., 1836. H. In-
man p., E. Wellmore sc.

, Mabtin ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, November, 1841. Mrs.

B^^dus p., A. L. Dick sc

, Mabtin; Buchanan's Journal of Man, frontiipieoe, January,

1849. Daguerreotype. Jewett sc

, Mabtin; Jenkins, John 8., Liyes of the Qovrs. of N. Y., Auburn,

p. 347, 1861. Lith. of F. Michelin.

, Mabtin; Jones, A. D., must. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i. p. 193,

1863.

, Mabtin; Port. Monthly of the N. Y. Illust News, p. 72, Novem-
ber, 1863.

, Mabtin; Harper, p. 841, May, 1872.

, Mabtin; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist of the U. 8., N. Y., vol. ii.

plate 67, 1878. Ffirst Medal.

, Mabtin; Century, p. 639, February, 1887. Photo. T. Johnson sc

, Mabtin; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 361, 1889. From National Port Gallery.

, Mabtin; Century, p. 219, June, 1892. Caricature, '^ Jadcson

clearing his Kitchen."

, Mabtin; Century, p. 220, June, 1892. Caricature, ''Loco Foco

Candidates travelling."

, Mabtin; Century, p. 224, June, 1892. Caricature, "The Demo-
cratic Platfonn."

, Mabtin; 8crib., p. 209, February, 1896. Photo.

892 J7u2ex to American Portraits.

Vaitdbnhoit, Chablottb Elizabbth; Burton's Gentleman's Mag.,
Phila., frontispiece, February, 1840. As "Juliet"

, John M.; Burton's Gentleman's Mag., Phila., frontispiece, Feb-
ruary, 1840. As " AdrastUB."

, John M.; Harper, p. 881, November, 1889. As "Hamlet"

Vaxtx, Rd.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, August, 1847. Engd. by
T. Don^.

Vesfucius, Amxeious; Montanus, Arnold, De Nieuwe Wereld, of
Veschryving van America, Amster., p. 60, 1671.

, Amerious; Ogilby, John, America, L., p. 61, 1671.

, Amkbicus; Freherus, Theatrum, vol. ii. p. 1428, 1688.

, Amxeicus; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. i. pt 1, p. 19, 1815.

G. Fairman sc

, Amxeious; Museum, frontispiece, May, 1827. G. Fairman sc.

, Amebious; Howard, Alf., Biog. niust, L., plate 6, 1830.

, Amesious; Scrib., p. 227, June, 1876.

, Amebious; Harper, p. 867, May, 1877.

, Ameeicus; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Boston,

vol. iL p. 139, 1889. Bronzinot ( 7 ) , port, in Mass. Hist Socy.

, Amebious; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Boston,

vol. ii. p. 140, 1889. From AUgem. geog. Ephemeriden.

, Amebious; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Boston,

vol. ii. p. 141, 1889. Fac-simile of eng. in Montanus.

, Amebious; Illust Lond. News, supp. p. 1, October 8, 1892.

Vinton, Sam. F.; Amer. Rev., vol. viii. p. Ill, August, 1848. A. H.
Ritchie sc.

Walkeb, Joseph (of La.) ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, October,

1849. Engd. by H. S. Sadd.
, RoBT. J.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, October, 1842. A. L.

Dick sc. (after a miniature).

, RoBT. J.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece. May, 1847. T. Don^ sc

, RoBT. J.; Harper, p. 496, March, 1872.

, RoBT. J.; Century, p. 371, July, 1887.

Wall, Gabsett D.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, July, 1841. Ch.

Fenderich, del., V. Balch sc
Wallaoe, Wm. Ross; International Mag., voL iv. p. 444, November 1,

1851.
Wabd, Aabon, Oen,; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, January, 1851.

Illman & Sons sc
Wabben, Joseph, Oen,; Polyanthos, vol. iii. p. 217, November, 1806.

S. Harris sc
, Joseph, Gen./ National Port (Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. Copley p.,

Thos. Illman sc
, Joseph, Oen.; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i.

p. 49, 1853. J. W. Orr sc

, Joseph, Oen,; Harper, p. 232, July, 1876.

, Joseph, Oen,; Harper, p. 732, October, 1883.

Index to American Portraits. 898

WABBSfy Joseph, Cfm.; Winflor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer^
Boston, vol. vL p. 64, 1889. From pastel.

, Joseph, Oen.; Winsor, J., Karr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, YoL vL p. 193, 1889. From eng. by Norman in "An
Impartial Hist, of the War in Amer."

Wabbihoton, Lewis, UM,N.; Analectic Mag., October, 1815.

Washikoton, QEoaax; Du Simitidre, P., Thirteen Ports, of Amer.
Legislators, L., plate 1, 1783. Du Simitiftre deL, B. Beading so.

, QwoBGE; Webster, Noah, Spelling-Book, Hartford, frontispiece,

1783.

, Gbobqe; Lavater, J. E., Essai sor la physiognomonie k la Haye,

▼ol. iiL p. 865, 1783. N. Piehle (sic) p.

, Gbqbge; Westminster Mag., frontispiece, January, 1784.

, Gbcooe ; Columbian Mag., p. 206, January, 1787. J. Trenehard so.

, GEOiflB; Columbian Mag., p. 146, March, 1788. From Lavater's

" Physiognomonie."

, Gbob^; Address from the Boman Catholics of Amer. to Wash-
ington, L., frontispiece, 1790. Savage p., Ol^eill sc

f Gbobqe; Massachusetts Mag., frontispiece, March, 1791.

, Gbobge; Literary and Biog. Mag. and British Rer., frontispieoe,

July, 1792.

, Geoboe; American Universal Mag., voL i. p. 145, February, 1797.

, Geoboe; Phila. Monthly Mag., vol. L, frontispiece, January,

1798.

, Geoboe; Hist., Biog., Lit, and ScL Mag., vol. i. (miscellaneous

literature), p. 481, 1799«

, Geoboe; European Mag., frontispiece, March, 1800.

, Qeobox; Literary Mag. and Amer. Begister, frontispiece, April

or July, 1804. Stuart p.

, GflOB^; Marshall, Life of Washington, Phila., voL L, frontis-
pieoe, 1804. Stuart p., D. Edwin sc

, Gbobge; Delaplaine's Repository, vol. L pt. 1, p. 81, 1816. Hou-

don. J. Wood del., Len^ sc Bust.

, Geoboe; Museum, frontispiece, March, 1827. Hondon. J. Wood

del., Leney sc Bust.

, Geoboe; Hinton, John H., ed.. Hist, of U. S., L., vol. L, frontis-
piece, 1830. Stuart p., Fenner, Sears & Ck> sc

, Gbobge; Howard, Alf., Biog. Ulust., L., plate 80, 1830.

, Gbobge; Paulding, Jas. K., Life of Washington, N. T., vol. i.,

frontispiece, 1836. Cerrad. J. G. Chapman deL, J. F. E. Prud-
homme sc Bust.

, Gbobge; National Port. Gallery, voL L, frontispiece, 1836.

Trumbull p., A. B. Durand sc

, Geoboe; National Port. Gallery, vol. L false title, 1830. MedaL

r, Geob«; National Port. Gallery, vol. L plate 1, 1830. G. Stuart

p., J. G. Longacre sc

, Gbobge; Eiiight, Franklin, Letters on Agriculture from Wash-
ington, W., frontispiece, 1847. Stuart p., J. Sartain sc

894 Index to American PcriraUs*

WABiONQTOJf, Gboboe; Smith, John J., and Watson, J. F., Amer. Hist
and Literary Curiosities, Phila., 1847. Pitcher port, and metal sil-
houette.

, Gbobgb; Wjatt, Thos., Mem. of Generals and other Commanders

of the Amer. Army and Navy, Phila., 1848. Medal on evacuation
of Boston.

, Gbobge; Trteor de Numis. (Melanges I^^poglyptiques, plate 15.)

Girometti. Cameo.

, Gboboe; Harper, p. 728, October, 1850. Chantrey. Statue.

, Gboboe; Harper, p. 14, December, 1862. Houdon. Bust.

, Gboboe; Jones, A. D., Illust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. i., 1858.

Stuart p., J. W. Orr sc.

, Gboboe; Harper, pp. 440, 441, 443, 451, September, 1853.

, Gboboe; Declaration of Independence and Ports, of the Presi-
dents. Ledger carriers' greeting of 1859. Bngd. by Hlmaa & Sons.

, Gboboe; Harper, p. 448, March, 1859. Pitcher port.

, Gboboe; Guizot, Hist, de France, P., vol. v. p. 328, 1873.

, Gboboe; Harper, p. 11, June, 1876. Trumbull p.

, Gboboe; Scrib., p. 368, July, 1876. Stuart p. (port, in Boston

Atheneum).

, Gboboe; Illust. Lond. News, extra supp., p. 34, July 8, 1876.

Stuart p., W. Biscomte Gardner del.

, Gboboe; Loubat, J. F., Medallic Hist, of the U. S., K. T., vol. iL,

plate 1, 1878. Duvivier. MedaL

, Gboboe; Harper, p. 661, March, 1879. Ward. Statue.

, Gboboe; Harper, p. 337, August, 1381. Trumbull p.

, Gboboe; Oncken, Das Zeitalter Friedrichs des Grossen, Berlin

(Oncken, Allg. Ges.), vol. ii. p. 763, 1882. C. W. Peale p., Para-
dise del.

, Gbobob; Harper, p. 651, October, 1883. G. Stuart p., G. Kroell sc

, Gboboe; Oncken, Das Zeitalter d. Revolution, Berlin (Oncken,

Allg. Ges.), vol. i. p. 763, 1884. Stuart p., Heath sc.

, Gboboe; Smith, John C, British Mezzotints Ports., L., toL iL

p. 592, 1884. Trumbull p. From print by Green.

, Gbobob; Baker, W. S., Medallic Ports, of Washington, Phila.,

1885. Medal.

, Gboboe; Schlosser, Fr. Chr., Weltgeschichte, Berlin, vol. xiv.

p. 432, 1885. Longhi p.

, Gbobob; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nord Amerika, Berlin (Oncken,

Allg. G^.)) P- 257, 1886. Stuart p.. Heath sc

, Gboboe; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Socy. of the Cin-
cinnati, N. T., frontispiece, 1886. Sharpless p., P. Hall sc.

, Gboboe; Clentury, p. 2, November, 1887. J. Wright p., T. John-
son sc

, Gboboe; Century, p. 12, November, 1887. Silhouette.

, Gboboe; Baker, W. S., Bibliotheca Washingtoniana, Phila.,

frontispiece, 1889. Jos. Wright p., Albert Rosenthal aq. fort.

Index to American Portraits. 896

Washington, Gbobqe; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist, of Amer.,
Boston, vol. yL p. 311, 1889. From Bickerstaff's Boston Almanac
for 1778.

, Gbobgb; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

Yol. vii. p. 564, 1889. From the Impartial Hist, L., 1780.

, Gbobge; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

Tol. yii. p. 665, 1889. From Andrew's Hist, of the War.

, George; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston, toI.

vii. p. 567, 1889. C. W. Peale (pencil sketch).

, Gbobge; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 575. From Du Simitifere's Thirteen Ports.

, Geobge; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 576, 1889. From Wansey.

, Gbobge; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 577, 1889. Folwell silhouette.

, Gbobge; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 578, 1889. Powell. Silhouette.

, Geobge; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 579, 1889. Bust in Christ Church, Boston.

, Geobge; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 580, 1889. From a Nfimberg eng. of 1777.

, Geobge; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 581, 1889. From Murray.

, Gbobge; Century, p. 805, April, 1889. J. Wright p.

, Gbobge; Century, p. 860, April, 1880. Gilbert Stuart p.

( " Athenaeum port." ) .

, Geobge; Century, p. 863, April, 1889. J. Trumbull p.

, Gbobge; Harper, p. 670, April, 1889. Gilbert Stuart p. (Gibbs-

Channing port.), Gustav Kruell sc.

, Geobge; Century, p. 2, May, 1890. James Wright p., T. John-
son sc

, Gbobge; Century, p. 8, May, 1890. Archibald Robertson (water-
color on marble).

, Gbobge; Century, p. 17, May, 1890. Miniature on Ivory.

, Geobge; (Century, p. 26, May, 1890. Ramage p.

, Geobge; Century, p. 593, February, 1892. De Brehan minia-
ture.

, Gbobge; Century, p. 596, February, 1892. Champion (plaque).

, Geobge; Century, p. 597, February, 1892. J. Peale p.

, Gbobge; Century, p. 598, February, 1892. St. Memin port.

, Geobge; Harper, p. 910, November, 1892. Houdon. Mask.

, Geobge; Scrib., p. 273, March, 1893. Port, presented to J. J.

Audubon.

, Gbobge; Century, p. 545, February, 1894. Ramage p. (minia-
ture).

, Gbobge; Century, p. 546, February, 1894. Rosalinda Sharpless

(embroidery).

, Geobge; Scrib., p. 49, January, 1895. Stuart p. (Gibbs port.).

896 Index to American Portraiia.

Watbbhousk, Benj., MJ>,; Polyanthos, voL iL p. 73, May, 1806. 8.
Harris so.

Watnb, A27THOinr, Qen,; Polyanthos, voL iL p. 217, July, 1806. 8.
Harris so.

1 Anthont, Gtn.; Port Folio, p. 402, May, 1809. Edwin sc

, AiVTHomr, Gm^; Casket, frontispiece, May, 1829.

, Anthony, Qtn.; National Port Gallery, vol. L, 1836. Tnunball

deL, E. Pmdhomme sc (after drawing by Herring).

y Anthont, Gtn.; Jones, A. D., lllust. Amer. Biog., K. Y., voL L

p. 83, 1863. J. W. Orr sc

, Anthont, Qm,; Harper, p. 40, June, 1878.

, Anthont, Gtf^; Harper, p. 237, July, 1879.

, AHTHOirr, Gen.; Penna. Archives, Hbg., Second Series, voL x. p.

114, 1880.

, Anthont, Qen.; Schuyler, John, Institution of the Socy. of

the Cincinnati, N. Y., p. 175, 1886. Engd. by H. B. Hall k Sons.

, AHTHomr, Gtn.; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit. Hist, of Amer.,

Boston, vol. vL p. 385, 1889. From eng. in N. Y. Mag.

Webster, Dan.; National Port. Gallery, vol. i., 1836. J. B. Long-
acre del. and sc

, Dan.; lllust. Lond. News, p. 415, June 17, 1843.

1 Dan.; Bentley, vol. xzi. p. 299, 1847. B. Longacre p., W. Great-
batch sc

, Dan.; Bentley, vol. xzxii. p. 571, 1852.

, Dan.; lUust. Lond. News, p. 408, November 13, 1852.

f Dan. ; Amer. Whig Rev., frontispiece, December, 1852. Daguerre-
otype by Whipple A. H. Ritchie sc.

y Dan.; Harper, pp. 85, 88, 91, December, 1852.

, Dan. ; Jones, A. D., lllust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. iL p. 343, 1854.

J. W. Orr sc

, Dan.; Cassell's lllust Hist, of England, L., New Series, vol. iii.

p. 547, 1863.

, Dan.; Harper, p. 236, July, 1875.

, Dan.; Duyckincks's Qydopsedia, vol. i. p. 718, 1877. Roberts sc

, Dan.; Century, p. 809, April, 1883.

, Dan.; Harper, p. 277, July, 1884. G. P. A. Healy p.

, Dan.; Century, p. 642, March, 1885.

, Dan.; Hopp, Bundesstaat in Nord Amerika, Berlin (Oncken, Allg.

Ges.), p. 609, 1886. Chester Harding p., J. Andrews and H. W.
Smith sc

, Dan.; Harper, p. 913, November, 1892. Death-mask.

, Dan.; Century, p. 642, September, 1893. Daguerreotype T.

Johnson sc

, Dan.; Scrib., p. 207, February, 1895. Healy.

, Dan.; Amer. Rev., vol. iv., frontispiece, July, 1846.

f Noah; National Port Gallery, vol. ii., 1836. J. Herring p.,

G. Parker sc

, Noah; International Mag., vol. iv. p. 12, August 1, 1851.

Index to American Portraits. 897

Webster, Noah; Jones, A. D., IHust. Amer. Biog., N. T., toI. i. p. 133,

1863.

f Noah; Duyckincks's Cyclopsedia, vol. i. p. 491, 1877. Roberts sc.

Welbt, Amelia B.; Ladies' Repository, frontispiece, Noyember, 1855.

F. E. Jones sc

, Amelia B.j Duyddncks's Cyclopedia, toL iL p. 642, 1877.

Wentwobth, John; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, April, 1849. Bngd.

by T. Doney.
West, Benj.; European Mag., frontispiece, September, 1794.
f Benj.; Universal Mag., vol. iii.. New Series, p. 389, May, 1805.

West p., Hopwood sc
, Benj.; Select Reviews of Literature, Phila., J. P. Watson,

frontispiece, October, 1811. Andrew Robertson p., D. Edwin sc
, Benj.; Analectie Mag., frontispiece, July, 1816. Sir T. Lawrence

p.} H. Meyer sc

, Benj.; Colbum, frontispiece. May, 1820. H. Cook sc

, Benj.; Ladies' Monthly Museum, frontispiece, February, 1824.

E. Hastings p., T. Woolnoth sc

, Benj.; Howard, Alf., Biog. IHust, L., plate 80, 1830.

f Benj.; Lester, C. Edwards, Artists of America, N. T., p. 67,

1846. I^wrence p., Burt(t) sc

, Benj.; Gillray, Caricatures, L., .plate 443, 1851.

, Benj.; Jones, A. D., niust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. L p. 87,

1853. J. W. Orr sc.

f Benj.; niust. Lond. News, supp.. May 11, 1861. ~ ,

, Benj.; Harper, p. 692, April, 1876.

, Benj.; Harper, p. 971, May, 1889. West p.

Wheblook, Eueazab; Polyanthos, 1814.

White, Wm., Bp,; Port Folio, frontispiece, August, 1810. Stewart

p. From eng. by Tanner.
, Wm., Bp,; National Port. Gallery, vol. i., 1836. J. B. Longacre

del., T. B. Welch so.
, Wm., Bp,; Jones, A. D., Hlust. Amer. Biog., N. Y., voL iL p. 227,

1854. E. David sc

Williams, Jonathan, Qen.; Analectie Mag., frontispiece, August, 1815.
Gimbrede sc

, Jonathan, Qen.; National Port. Gallery, vol. i., 1836. Sully p.,

R. W. Dodson sc.

Williamson, Hugh, MJ}.; Port Folio, p. 388, December, 1821. J.
Trumbull p., A. B. Durand sc

, Hugh; N. Y. ffist. Socy. Collections, vol. iii., frontispiece Trum-
bull p., Durand sc

Wilson, Alex, (ornithologist) ; Port Folio, frontispit:ce, October, 1814.
Peale p., D. Edwin sc

, Alex, (ornithologist) ; Hlust. Lond. News, p. 373, October 17,

1874. Statue at PaUl^.

, Alex, (ornithologist) ; Scrib., p. 697, March, 1876.

^ Alex, (ornithologist) ; Harper, p. 708, April, 1876.

898 Index to American Portraits.

Wilson, Atjct. (omithologiBt) ; Scrib., p. 147» May, 1876.

, Atjct. (omithologiBt) ; Duycldnclu'B Cyclop«dia, yoL i. p. 567,

1877. Roberts bc
, Jamxs p., DJ[>.; Port Folio, p. 441, December, 1827. Wood p.,

Boyd BC
WiNTHBOP, John, Gw>r. (Sr.) ; Polyanthoi, vol. iL p. 146, June, 1806.

Vandyck p., S. HarriB bo.
, John, Qovr, (Sr.) ; Mioore, Jacob B., Mem. of Amer. Gotts.,

N. Y., vol. i. p. 237, 1846. Vandyck p.
, John, Qovr. (Sr.) ; Jones, A. D., IlloBt Amer. Biog., N. Y.,

vol. i. p. 23, 1863. J. W. Orr sc
, John, Qovr. (Sr.) ; Winthrop, Robt C, Life of John Winthrop,

Boston, frontispiece, 1864. Vandyke p., C. W. Sharpe sc

^ John, Qovr. (Sr.); Hiarper, p. 192, January, 1876.

, John, Qovr. (Sr.); Harper, p. 830, November, 1876.

, John, Qovr. (Sr.); Hiarper, p. 831, November, 1876. Statue at

Capitol.
, John, Qovr. (Sr.) ; Century, p. 366, January, 1883. Port, in

Mass. Senate Chamber.

, John, Qovr. (Sr.); Harper, p. 717, April, 1883.

, RoBT. Chas.; Amer. Rev., voL viL p. 276, March, 1848. A. H.

Ritchie sc
, RoBT. Chas.; Jones, A. D., Illust Amer. Biog., N. Y., voL L p.

207, 1863. J. W. Orr sc

, RoBT. Chas.; Duyckincks's Qydopsdia, vol. iL p. 346, 1877.

, RoBT. Chas.; Century, p. 637, February, 1887.

, RoBT. Chas. ; Winsor, J., Narr. and Crit Hist of Amer., Boston,

vol. vii. p. 364, 1880. Huntington p.

, RoBT. Chas.; One of a Thousand, p. 666, 1890.

y RoBT. Chas.; Scrib., p. 490, October, 1806.

WiSTAB, Caspab, MJ}.; Analectic Mag., frontispiece, December, 1818.

€k>odman and Piggot sc
, Caspab, MD.; National Port. Gallery, voL iL, 1836. B. Otis p.,

J. B. Longacre sc

, Caspab, MJ).; Harper, p. 292, July, 1896.

WooDBUBT, Levi; National Port. G^allery, vol. iL, 1836. J. B. Longacre

deL and sc

y liEVi ; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, July, 1838. Ch. Fenderich deL

y Levi; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, March, 1843. Engd. by

Dick from a miniature
, Levi; Jones, A. D., niust Amer. Biog., N. Y., vol. L p. 169, 1863.

J. W. Orr sc.
, Levi; Carson, Hampton L., Supreme Court of U. S., Phila., p.

341, 1891. Etched by A. Rosenthal from painting owned by

family.
WooDWOBTH, W. W.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, September, 1847.

T. Doney sc

Index to American Portraits. 899

Wool, John Ellis, Qen,; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, November^

1851. Daguerreotype. Engd. by H. S. Sadd.
, John Ellis, Qen,; Jones, A. D., lUust Amer. Biog., N. Y., yoL

L p. 197, 1863. J. W. Orr sc
, John Eujs, Qen,; Moore, Frank, Heroes and Martyrs, N. Y.,

p. 15, 1861. Qeo. E. Ferine sc
f John Ellis, Qtn.; Moore, Frank, Rebellion Record, N. Y., yol. IL

p. 1, 1861.
, John Ellis, (Ten.; Port. Monthly of the N. Y. lUust News, p. 25,

August, 1863.

, John Ellis, (Ten./ Harper, p. 600, October, 1863.

Wbioht, Geo. W., Hon.; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, April, 1851.

Hlman & Sons sc
, SnAS; Democratic Rev., frontispiece, February, 1843. Blanch-

ard p., A. L. Dick sc
, QtLkBi Democratic Rev., frontispiece, November, 1846. Daguerre-
otype by Plumb. T. Doney sc.
, Silas; Jenkins, John S., Lives of the Qovrs. of N. Y., Auburn^

p. 723, 1851. Lith. of F. Michelin.

, Shas; Harper, p. 843, May, 1872.

, Wm., Hon. (of N. J.) ; Amer. Rev., frontispiece, April, 1851. 0.

Burt sc

Ykadon, Rd. (of Clharleston); Amer. Rev., frontispiece, May, 1850.
Mezzotint by P. M. Whelpley.

400 Ship Beffistgrs for the Port of Philadelphia, 17m-1775.

M ' "2 9 ^

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Ship Begisiers far the Part of PkOoMphia, irse-irrS. 401

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VOL. XXV. — 26

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Notes cmd Queries.

417

NOTES AND QUERIES.

notes.

SoMB Genealogical Notes of the Ibeland Family of New
Jebset. —

MarrictgeM.

1727, Sept 18. Joseph Ireland to Bath Cordury, of Gloucester Co.
1782, July 28. Jemima Ireland to Steven Morrees, of Gloucester Co.
1787, Sept 8. Deborah Ireland to Nehemiah Nicholson, of Great

E^ Harbor.
1744, Dec. 15. Beuben Ireland to Deborah Gbuidy, of Gloucester Co.
1746 — Buth Ireland to Henry Woodward, of Gloucester Co.

1751, Dec. 2. Jane Ireland to William Harkins, Jr.
1758, July 24. Hezekiah Ireland to Mary Dickson, both of Great

Egg Harbor.

1760, Aug. 11. Sarah Ireland to Elias Smith, both of Great Egg

Harbor.

1761, March 7. Sarah Ireland to Willoch Paulin.

1762, July 28. Mary Ireland to Aaron Butcher, of Cumberland Co.
1765, April 22. Mary Ireland to James Hollinahead.

1767, April 21. Joseph Ireland to Mary Townsend.

1770, Feb. 17. Dorcas Ireland to Peter Halter, of Salem.

1771, July 15. Daniel Ireland to Phebe Steelman, of Gloucester Co.
1771, Nov. 4. Buth Ireland to Daniel Edwards, of Salem.

1778, Not. 8. Lydia Ireland to James White, of Pittsgroye.
1778, Dec 16. Ann Ireland to Jacob Duffel, of Cumberland Co.
1776, April 24. Joseph Ireland to Judith Johnson, of Cumber-
land Co.

1776, May 1. Miciyah Ireland to Prudence Bacon, of Cumber-

land Co.

1777, March 5. Mary Ireland to Joshua Smith, of Cape May.
1777, July 81. Phoebe Ireland to John Miller, of Cumberland Co.

1777, Dec. 18. Jonathan Ireland to Mary Gwin, of Gloucester Co.

1778, Not. 25. Deborah Ireland to Owen Shepherd, of Cumber-

luid Co.
1778, Dec. 8. John Ireland to Elizabeth Price, of Gloucester Co.
1781, July 2. Amos Ireland to Elizabeth Cordury, of Gloucester Co.
1784, June 26. Bebecca Ireland to Bichard Adams, of Gloucester Co.

Abstracts of Wills.

Amos Ireland, of Great Egg Harbor, proved Jany. 14, 1745 ; chil-
dren, Amos, Katherine, Sarah. Son Extr. Invent, filed £170.8.8.

Jacob Ireland, of Hopewell, Cumberland Co., proved Jany. 21, 1752.
Wife Mary; children Jacob, Ananias, Isaac, Amos. Extra, wife and
Jacob Gouldin.

VOL. XXV. — 27

418 Notes and Queries.

John Ireland, of Great E^ Harbor, proved June 2, 1765. Wife
Bebeoca; children Daniel, Thomas, JoniUhan, JameB. Eztr. Gideon
Scull. Invent filed £186.18.1.

Daniel Ireland, of Great Ete Harbor, proved Feby. 17, 1768. Wile
Mary ; children Bath, PhoeM, Bhoda. Extrs. B^ben and Thomas
Ireland.

Job Ireland, of Cumberland Ck>., proved Jany. 80, 1784. Wife
Elizabeth ; children, Daniel, Joseph, John, Both (Edwards), Elizabeth,
Dorcas. Extr. wife Elizabeth.

Antagokibm of Galloway Ajsm Dickinson. — ^The London Chron-
icle of January 5, 1775, contains the following communication :

The cordiality and affection which the American puffers and scrib-
blers say prevailed at the General Congress are known by every honest
Philadelphian to be fiUsehoods. The celebrated Mr. Dickinson, the
second-named Delegate for Pennsylvania, cannot have foigotten the
thorough caning which he received from Mr. Cblloway, the mst-named
Delegate; nor can Mr. Galloway have forgiven the scurrilous falsities
which provoked him to discipline the celebrated Gentleman Farmer,
Lawyer, and Patriot The Public may guess what sort of affection sub-
sisted between the well-drubbed Patriot and his Corrector. . . •

Mess. Low and Gushing would undoubtedly, when they met at
Philadelphia most affectionately shake hands, and congratulate each
other on the many compliments which formerly had passed between
them in writing. Mr. Galloway would forget ^ scurralities of Mr.
Dickinson, and Mr. Dickinson his caning firom Mr. Galloway. The
New York Del^^tes would forget how the Bostonites had deceived and
betrayed them, and the Bostonites how the New Yorkers had detected
and exposed them. All would be harmony and brotherly love among
tiie Delegates. These are some characteristical sketches of the men
whom the American scribblers have compared to the ancient Bomans
for wisdom, dignity, and courage.

A BoerroN Saint.

Lettebs of Geitbbal Anthony Waynb and Mbs. Elizabeth
Fbbgubbon. —

DbAB Mat^au-

I should have done myself the pleasure of Acknowledging your fiivour
of the ultimo long since were it not for the busy scenes then Open-
ing and the hurry ever Indd^it to the eve of Battle--thii I hope will in
some Degree exculpate me from a Charge of Neglect which would Other-
wise be Inexcusible.

The kind treatment I met with under your hospitable Boof and the
easy politmess of M" Ferguson and Miss Stedman I shall always Be-
member with pleasure and hope at one day to have in my power to repay
some of those fovours.

I am happy to Inform you that I am not Wounded but I have lost
some Officers whose friendship I much Esteemed and whose Glorious
Death is Bather to be Envied than B^greted.

The Bight Wing of Our Army met with a Misfortune but our left in
Betum gave a timely check to the Bight Wing of Gen* Howe which
has Obliged him to Bemain on the Spot ever since fully Employed in
taking care of his Wounded and Hurrying bis Dead.

Notes and Queries. 419

The Yillian who pressed your Gatde is at Garlile. I shall take caie
to take hold of him as soon as he Betorns.

Present my best Compliments to Miss Steadman and M' Yoong and
belieye me yours Most

Sincerely

[Sept. 14, 1777.]

Obaxb-pabx September 18, 1777

Snt

Haveing occassion to write a few lines to M' Badonot, I cannot let my
servaDt be near Q^ierat Wayne withoat assureing him that it gaye me
real Satisfaction to receiye a letter from him, aft^ the imminent danger
he had been in so lately at Wilmington ; And altho' I am truly sory for
the loss of those G^tlemen you mention that fell ; I would rather re>
ceiye that account of them fiom you, tiian tiiey should haye giyen sudi
a one ci you :

I am much obliged to you for saying that the time you passd at My
House was not Dissagreable to you ; And rest assurd ^r that if in the
Hurry of your first coming, any thing might haye Occurd that you could
haye wishd Otherwise ; nothing was intended. I wish the general Cause
of America most sincerly well ; and since I haye been &yord with the
Acquaintance of General Wayne I am particularly interested in his
Safety ; I hope if opportunity ofiers, he will pop in Grame-Park ; which
will be the most Conyindng proof he can giye me that he liked his
quarters ; I will own I should prefer seeing him without quite as large a
Betinue as compoed his train when he was last here.

M'* Smith, Miss Stedman, And M' Young B^ their best respects to
be made Acceptable to you Sir. If my S^ant should meet with any
Dificulty in getting to Head-Quarters I should be Obliged to you to put
him in the l^ Mode ; and also if you could get him a pass to go to
Philadelphia for a Load of furniture that I am axious to haye up of M"
Smiths : the Waf^on will go loadend with Hay ; But perhaps this re-
quest is out of your Line ; and to giye you any particular trouble is fiur
from the Intention of Sir

your most Obedient humble Seryant

E. Febgubson.

Letteb of Bey. Francis Alison to Liexttekakt Bobekt Ali-
son, 1776.—

Philad^ Sept 7* 2i 1776

Cozen Bobebt

I wrote you and my son a few days ago, by Capt Bippey ; and shall
soon by Colonel Woods of this city. But as the time of Inlistment is
almost expired, I expect to see you both due. Your men will be c^ered
each 20 Dollars of bounty to enHst them again ; but whether tiie Begi-
ment will be continued entire, or whether all officers will incline to serye
again is uncertain. I think if the whole Battalion were allowed to come
home,' & to return again, or as many as chose to do it, it would more ef-
fectually serye the publick, as many would enlist again on their return ; &
others would be easily found to supply their placed— but of these things I
am no longer Judge. Your mother & brother liye where you left them, &
are well. Frank was out six weeks with that battali<m of New London,
&, is returned ; a part of them staid to form a Flying Camp, among whom

420

Notes and Queries.

was their Colonel Montgomery. Frank was offered a Surgeon's place,
but did not accept it, as it must cast him out of his business and draw
him from his family & plantation. He has got a Daughter, & Nancey
Johnston now Kennedy, has had a son. Walter Tiney £ widow Hender-
son's son, ye (me a lieutenant, & the other as Ensign, were taken pris-
oners on Long Island. I had several letters from you w^ I received
with pleasure ; most of them I m^itioned in my last, but am not sure
but some of them miscarried ; ye last was dated ye 27**^ of August with
a letter to y' brother which I sent to him. I am sorry that your army
are so sickly, & so ill provided w*^ clothes ; your Capt & I am to spend
an hour with some of ye Ck>uncil of War this evening and we shall
represent your case. There are shoes & shirts & stockings & in great
plenty in Meas & Caldwell's store, & why should not some be sent to y*
men? I will strive to send you some newspapers by the bearer, Mr
Turner, — ^I wrote you a long letter and sent you a newspaper by D'
Stringer. I have only room left to recommend you to ye Protection of
ye A&iighty, & to assure you that I am with great respect y' affectionate
uncle

Fbanoib Alison
To LnsuT BoBBBT Alison.

Begbuitino Aooount op Lieutenant Stephen Stevenson, of
ToBK County, Pennsylvania. —

A Becruiting Account of the 9**^ Penna Beg^ with the Mens names
Ac. Philadelphia Aug. 6«» 1778.

Namet.

When Enlisted.

OMuaUtlef.

Jos. Stephens

25 July

Sick, absent

Ealph WilUas
William Beill

26 "
8 March

At Camp.
Deserted.

James Steel

16 "

Absent with leave.

Abraham Call

22 "

Deserted.

JohnCran

18 April

Camp.

Solomon Brown

17 "

In Jail, York,

Owen Ellis

20 "

Present

William KeUey

27 "

John Faust

12 May

Camp.

William Joans

16 "

Present

John Carter

21 "

Camp.

W»Deen

1 June

Deserted.

John Freeman

11 "

Bobert Douch

18 "

Camp.
Dead.

(George Mour

19 "

Henry Shoults

26 "

Deserted.

James Hartley

26 July

POBTBAIT OP MbS. BENEDICT AbNOLD AND CHILD. ^By bcquCSt

of the late William Mcllyaine, Esq., of this city, the Historical Society
of Pennsylyania has received the portrait of ]^. Benedict Arnold, nU
Margaret Shippen, and child, painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence. A
photogravure copy of this valuable historical painting will be found
in the present number of the Pennsylyania Magazine.

Notes and Queries.

421

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Notes and Queries.

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Notei and (Queries.

428

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424 Notes and Queries.

Extracts from the Obderlt-Books of General Anthoky
Watkb, in the libraiy of the Historical Society of PemiBylyaiiia.

HiAD QUABTBRS, HSAB Vallbt Fobgk, Feb. 8, '78.

Major Q^ieral for tomorrow, Baron De Ealb.

Brigadier, Patterson.

Field Officers, Lt CoL Davis & Mi^or Peters.

Brigade M%jor, B^ijan.

A report having been circulated that Mr. Jones Dep^ Commias.
General of Issues has granted a pass to a woman to carry thirty pds.
Butter into Philadelphia —

The matter has been fully inquired into and appears to be without any
foundation.

Parole, Tywnderoga; Countersign, Toledo,

Note, The above order being ihib first taken by Capt Fishboum, now
A.D.C. to General Wayne.

The order for February 6, after announcing the sentence ot a lieu-
tenant of the Thirteenth Virginia Regiment for <' behaving unbecoming
the character of an officer and gentleman, in buying a pair of Shoes of a
soldier, and frequently sleeping and messing wiUi soldiers," contains the
following advertisements :

Strayed or stol^i last evening from Moore Hall, a black horse 15
hands high, a small star in the forehead, and one hind foot white, mane
plated near the ears. Any person taking him up and returning him to
the place above mentioneii will be handsomely rewarded.

The Chaplain of the 4^ Jersey Begt has found a Pocket Book,
with a small sum of money & some papers. The owner by applying
and describing the Book and its contents, may have it again.

In January of 1782 General Wayne was sent by General Greene into
Georgia with a very small force to re-establish the authority of the
United States within that State. Savannah was the only post garrisoned
by any considerable force of the enemy. To isolate tlds garrison from
the rest of the State, and particularly from its Indian allies, the Creeks
and Cherokees, in the interior, was Wayne's first object He took post
at Ebenezer, twenty-five miles above Savannah, on &e river, and issued
the following order :

Hbao Quabtsbs,

DUOKXB'S TAVSRN, GlOBOIA :

26*of Jaii7l782.

Countersign, OiU . . . Capt, QiU for the Day.

Gen^ Wayne having been appointed to the Command of the American
Army in C^rgia, embraces the Efurliest opportunity to call upon the
officers of every Bank and Denomination to use every exertion to
Guard against the pernicious practice of Marauding; wMch is as DU-
graceful^ obUU unmiUtary : the General therefore, fondly flatters himself
that when the Soldiery reflect that they are led forth to protect the lives
and property of the Inhabitants & to rescue this Country from Briti^
lyranny, he will not be compelled to the painful and disagreeable Duty
of ordering the most Exemplary punishment to be inflicted on any per-
son or persons for a violation of this order.

Until a change of circumstances render an alteration necessary, the
following will be the order of Battle : — ^The Continental Dn^goons will
form the Bight Wing, to be commanded by Capt Gill ; the South Caro-

Notes and Queries. 426

lina State DragoonB, the left, commanded by Major Moore ; tlie whole
under the conduct of Colo. White. Lt Colo. MHUoy'a Corps will form
the advance, &, if pushed, will retire to the Flanks.

The General has the fullest confidence in the officers &, men, who he
has the honour to command, & doubts not, should tlie enemy be hardy
enough to £eu^ them in the field, that Victory will incline to our Arms :
and the foe will be obliged to acknowledge our Prowess. He is also
convinced that humanity will pervade the heart of every officer and
soldier when opposition ceases.

On the 19th of February he decoyed by stratagem a large parly ot
Indians coming firom the interior and captured a considerable amount
of provisions they were carrying to Savannah.

HiAD QUABTSBS,

Ebbnbzxr 19*k Feb. 1782.
General Wayne is extremely happy in having it in his power to assure
the worthy Soldiery under his command that their conduct is highly ap-
proved of by Gen. Greene & their Country : and that the period is not
£eu: distant when a full and comfortable supply of Clothing will arrive
for the use of the Army : The situation of Public afl^drs is also much
altered for the better & will soon put it into the power of Congress & the
respective States to comply with their contracts and agreements with
their officers and soldiers, which he is well convinced will take place ^e
moment circumstances & local situation will permit In the interim,
the General doubts not that the conduct & persevering bravery of every
officer and soldier under his command, will be such as to produce a con-
viction to the world that they deserve the plaudit and bountiflil reward
of a grateful Country, —

Abstbact Deed Poll, Geobge Bandall, 1704. — George Bandall
of or near the Township of Southampton in the County of Bucks,
Province of Pennsilvania, Yeoman : recites grant of William Penn,
22d. 5mo. 1684, to said Bandall of a Lott in Philad^ in << Breadth nine
& fourty foot & a half, and in Length" 806 feet bounded southward
with Mulberry street, westward with Nicholas BandalPs Lott granted
by Warrant 14th. 4mo. 1688. C^rge Bandall, purchaser, Mortgaged
the Lott 16 Nov. 1684 to "William Smith, Master of y* Ship called
the Merchant of Bristoll," together with "his dwelling house thereon
for seaven pounds . . . notwithstanding the said C^rge Bandall hath
neither payd the afores^ sum nor the Interest thereon But hath suffered
the s^ House with Improvements to goe all to Buin. . . • Nevertheless
Thomas Paschall of the City of Philadelphia, Pewterer, one of y*
agents of th^s^ William Smith is willing to accept of the above Lott of
Land in full satisfaction of ye s^ debt." Smith conveys to s^ "Thomas
Paschall and one Henry Flower of y« s* City of Philadelphia, Barber,
agents for the s"^ William Smith . . . Lott . . . Between the Third &
Fourth Streets from Delaware Front street". . . to said Paschall and
Flower for said Smith . . . dated 25 day of 6mo. called August in the
8** year of Queen Anne A.D. 1704. Signed, the Mark of George Ban-
dall. Witnessed by "Nicholas Bandall ; Thomas Marshall, his mark ;
Thomas Pascall Junear."

The deed is apparently not recorded.

426

Notes and Queries.

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Notes and Queries. 427

LixumAirr Jambs Glentwobth, Sixth Penhbtlyania Lisb. —
Among the papers filed by Lieutenant James Glentworth, of the Sixth
FeiuiflylTania line, in making an application for a pensicMiy were the
Mlowing oertificalee :

These are to Cerd^ that having been appointed in October 1777, to
attend the Wonnded Officers, who were at that time or should be
brought to the Town of Beading, in consequence of said ^pointment
Lieut James Glentworth of the Sixth Pennsylyania B^ Came under
my Care. He reeeired a Wound in his right arm at the Battle of Ger-
mantown of which he was confined a considerable, [jtime] and which
in my opinion must still render him incapable of doing the duty of a
Militia Man.

Joe. Bedman.

Philada Sept 29 1787

We the Subscribers appointed by the Hon^^ Bichard Peters, have
examined the nature of a wound receiyed by Mr. James Glentw(»th, in
the service of the United States, in his right Arm, by a Musket Ball, by
which the Tendons, that move his Fingers are so much injured, that he
cannot use them in the profession of a Printer, to which he was brought
up. We are of the opinion this disability will exist, and that the pain
which he frequ^itly sufiers may increase, therefore recommend him as a
proper object for a Pension.

W. Shippes",

Plunk* F. Glewtworth.

Pkiladklphia May 13^ 18M.

The Original Manuscript op "The Star-Spangled Banner."
— ^Haying heard several times of late that there are in existence '' sereral
original copies" of the lines written on the night of September 12, 1814
(when the British attempted to capture Baltimore), by Francis Scott
key, now known as "The Star-Spangled Banner," and as I am the for-
tunate possessor of the only document that could exist of these lines, —
the original manuicripty — ^I will explain how it seems possible that there
could be mxftt than one.

In the letter of the late Chief- Justice Boger B. Taney, which appears
as a pre&ce to " Key's Poems," published by Bobert Carter & Brotiiers,
New York, 1857, a graphic description is given of the composing and
writing and the printing of the song. Mr. Key wrote the lines he had
composed under the excitement of the moment, he told Judge Taney,
upon the back of an old Idter he happened to have in his pockety and
wrote it as it now stands on the ni^t he readied Baltimore, — at the
hotel, — and immediately after his arrival. He also said that on the
next morning he took it to Judge Nicholson, to ask him what he thought
of it ; Hiat he was so much pleased with it that he immediately sent it
to a printer and directed copies to be strode off in handbill form ; and
that he, Mr. Key, bdieved it to hare beai &Yorably recdved by the
public

Judge Nicholson and Mr. Key were neariy connected by marriage,
Mrs. Key ami Mrs. Nicholson being sisters.

The judge was a man of cultivated taste, had at one time been distin-
guished among the leading men in Congress, and was at the period of

428 Notes and Queries.

which I am Bpeaking the Chief-Justice oi Baltimore and one of the
judges of the Court of Appeals of Maryland.

Notwithstanding his judicial character, which exempted him from
military senrice, he accepted the command of a volunteer company ot
artillery^ and when the enemy approached, and an attack on Uie fort
was expected, he and his company offered their services to the govern-
ment to assist in its defence. They were accepted, and formed a part
of the garrison during the bombardment The judge had been relieved
from duty and returned to his family only the night before Mr. Key
showed him his song, and you may easily imagine the feelings with
which, at such a moment, he read it and gave it to the public It was
no doubt, as Mr. Key modestly expressed it, frivorably received. In
less than an hour after it was placed in the hands of the printer it was
all over town and hailed with enthusiasm, and took its place at once as
a national song.

It is the back of thai old letter, unsigned, that Francis Bcott Key (my
great-uncle) gave to Judge Joseph Hopper Nicholson (my grandfrtther)
that I possess, together with one of those first printed handbills.

Judge Nicholson wrote a little piece that appears at the heading of the
lines, above which he also wrote the name of the tune, '< Anacreon in
Heaven," — a tune which Mrs. Charles Howard, the daughter of Francis
Scott Key, told me was a common one at that day, — and Judge Nichol-
son, being a musician among his other accomplishments, and something
of a poet, no doubt took but a few minutes to see that the lines given
him by Francis Scott Key could be sung to that tune, and, in all haste
to give the lines as a song to the public, he thus marked it. I possess
this rare original manuscript, kept carefully folded by his wife, Eebecca
Lloyd Nicholson, and taken from her private papers by myself and
framed.

But the mistakes made arise from the fact that in later years Francis
Scott Key made several copies of his song in his own handwriting and
signing them for friends. One I know of, in the possession now of his
granddaughter, Mrs. E. A. Dobbin, of Baltimore, which he copied in
1848, and another in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. There
may be others, but the first piece of paper on which the lines he com-
posed were written on the night of lus arrival in Baltimore I have in
my possession ; the same that Mr. Key himself gave to Judge Nicholson.

Rbbeoca Lloyd Shippen,
n^ Nicholson.
Baltimobb, Mabtlakd.

The Conabkoe CoLLBcrnoN op MAinjscBiPTs.— We take pleasure
in announcing that Mrs. George M. Conarroe has presented to the His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania the valuable collection of manuscripts
made some years ago by her late husband, a member of the Society.

SWOBD PBESENTED TO CAPTAIN H. S. StELLWAGEN, U.S.N., BY

THE Bbitish Qovebnment. — ^Mr. Henry E. Stellwagen, of Baltimore,
Maryland, has presented to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania the
handsome sword of his father, on the blade of which is etdied, ''Pre-
sented by the British Government to Captain Henry S. Stellwagen, of the
Navy of the United States of America, in grateful acknowlec^ment of
services to the crew of the British brigantine 'Mercey,' 1864."

Notes and Queries.

429

I ?

a -I

^ o

fb9 H^ H^ H^ H^ to

b9 ^ 0> CO fcO Ol Ol

•^ B ^ B B

r I

tint

g
4

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I I I I I ^

480 Notes and Queries.

EXTBACrS PROM THE "AOOOUNT OP RiCfHARD HUMPTON EbQ»
LATE SUPERnrrENDIKO THE BECBUmNG SeBYICE OP THE PENK-

STLYAiOA Line," on file at HarriBburg, Pennsylyania.

Oeorge Pancake and William Smith, both their fines remitted in case
of Inlifidng without Bounty therefore. Feby. 15, 1782.

James McOullochU corp* punishment remitted he enlisting without
Bounty. March 11, 1782.

Gideon Walker , (York Co.) corp^ punishment and fine remitted if he
enlist without Bounty. May 10, 1782.

John Thompson, of Lancaster Co. , hath his fine and corpor* punishment
remitted in case he inlist without Bounty. June 18, 1782.

TTiomas Bailey, conyicted at a Court of Oy & Ter. York Co., May last
for passing counterfeit money ; his corp^ punishment remitted if he in-
list without Bounty or procure a man to serve in the Line during the
War. June 22 1782.

Ebenezer or Eleater Tra^y Pennington, of Chests Co., conyicted, fine
and corp* punishmait remitted if he enlist wiHiout Bounty to senre in
Penna. Line. Sept 8, 1782.

Geo, Clift, of Bucks Co., conyicted of High Treason, pardoned if he
inlist and serye to end of War without Bounty or emoluments.

Inneeepebs ok Market Street, 1795.— No. 8, Thomas Palemer ;
No. 9, Francis Elliot, between Water and Front Streets; No 58,
G^rge Eitts, three houses irom the Friends' Meeting-House; No. 64,
James McDonald, west of Strawberry Street, near the First Presbyterian
Church ; No. 80, Michael Kitts, the '< Indian King," near Third Street ;
No. 100, Bachel Gieble, a widow ; No. 189, Adam Handle, the '<King
of Prussia," both west of Third Street ; No. 140, Muy Nicholas,
widow, the '^ Conestoga Wagon ;" No. 164, Ebenezer Branham ; No. 171,
Alexander Clay, the "Black Horse," all west of Fourth Street; No.
200, George Strayley ; Nos. 218-220, George Weed, both west of Sixth
Street ; No. 285, John Dunwoody, the " Spread Eagle," west of Seventh
Street West of Ninth Street the houses were not numbered.

Letter op Chables Thomson to his Wipe, 1785. —

[New Yobk] Wedneiday Morning April 6, 1785.

Dear Hannah

In the postscript to my last I acknowledged the receipt of your two
letters N 17 & 18. As soon as I had sealed my letter I sent Thomas
with it to the poet office. On his return he called and examined the
kitchen. He says it is a yeiy fine kitchen. There is a crane which be-
longs to the house and a smoke jack. But was told the chain of the jack
belongs to the £unily. He repeated oyer & oyer, it is s^fine kitchen &
has 9k fine prospect into the garden and as Thomas from his profession is
or ought to be a good jud^ of a kitchen I am inclined to think it is
conyenient

By what I leam the charter is not yet taken from the bank, but that
the committee, who were appointed by the assembly to examine it, haye
reported un&yourably and that leaye is giyen to bring in a bill for re-
pealing the law that incorporated it. Howeyer I haye no doubt they
will carry their point. I am told the principles of the report are alarm-
ing & strike at all property. I haye not seen it and therefore can
say nothing of it. The state is . . . The minds of the people are

Notes and Queries. 481

not settled down to their condition. Those that have suddenly got
wealth or power are grasping at more. Those that have neither are
pressing for them not by yirtae & the &ir deeds and honest paths of
industry and frugality, but by knavery and tricking. So that till some
have their deserts and others are reduced to their former insignificancy
I expect little else but confusion.

Hazard the postmaster gen* has in consequence of the order of 0 come
here and has been trying to get a house. He meets with difficulty So
wishes to have leave to reside in Philad* at least for some time. Whedier
he will get leave or not I cannot tell. I wonder what Hillegas will do.
His salary will not support him here and he will not like to quit his
office. I have not heard a word of him. I had a letter from Milligan
wherein he says it was the opinion of some that C wants only the papers
in ihe Offices, but not the Officers & wishes to know if that was the case.
I told lum, the very suspicion was dishonorable and advised him to come
forward and bring the papers with him.

You see by the tenor of this letter I write just for the pleasure ot
writing to you. The ancients had the advantage of us in point ot
conciseness. When Cicero who wrote almost as often to his Terentia
as I do to my dear Hannah had nothing particular to say, he used to
make his whole letter consists of these few words. Si vales bene est et
^o valeo. Vale. That is, I say you are well, that is well, I am well,
fiurewell. You ranember our good friend S. Emlin's sermon when he
quoted a scrap of latin and desired the women to apply to their husbands
for an explanation of it. As you have not the opportunity just now ot
making an immediate application to yours, though I hope you soon will,
I have sent the translation of mine and conclude in the true Cicero-
nean stile with most earnest entreaties to take care of your health.

I am
Dear Hannah
with sincere affection
Your loving husband

Chas Thomson.
dtuetfea*

Who was the Author op "Adelaide," a new and original
novel. < < By a Lady of Philadelphia. " 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1816 ?

A. J. E.

James Smith, of Pbnnbylyakia, a ''Sigkeb." — Correspondence
is solicited from descendants of James Smith, of Pennsylvania, a Signer
of the Declaration of Independence.

Bey. Fraetkuk C. Smith.

8kawnb>,0k.

'Replied*

FiBST Namesake op Washington ^Penna. Mag., Vol. XXV. p.
287). — ^A namesake of Washington earlier than the one mentioned
was G^rge Washington Bobinson, son of Colonel Lemael Bobinson
and Jerouia his wife, bom July 28, 1775, in Dorchester, Massachu-
setts, only twenty days after Wai^ngton took command of the army at
Cambridge. See Boston Record Cbmmissumer^ Beports, Vol. XXI. p.
184.

Fbedebick Lewis Gay.
FI8HXR Avxinix, BBooKiuni, Mass.

482 Notes and Queries.

JSooH VIotfcea*

Allied Families of Delawake. By Edwin Jaquett Sellers.

Philadelphia, 1901. 8yo. Indexed. Edition limited to 200

copieB. Clotii, gilt top, 170 pp. Price, $5.00.
The work oontams exhaustive accounts, fix>m original sources, of the
early history of the Stretcher, Fenwick, Dayis, Draper, Eipshaven, and
Stidham families. As so little has been compiled concerning Delaware
fiunilies, the work will be a usefid acquisition to the genealogist inter-
ested in that field. The book forms a companion work to the foUowing,
by the same writer: ''Genealogy of the KoUock Family of Sussex
County, Delaware," Philadelphia, 1897 ; ''Captain John Avery, Presi-
dent Judge at the Whorekill in Delaware Bay, and his Descendants,"
Philadelphia, 1898; and "Genealogy of Dr. Frauds Joseph Pfeiffer,
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and his Descendants," Philadelphia,
1899.

History of the American People. — Professor Francis N.
Thorpe's latest work, "History of the American People" (published by
A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago), is mainly devoted to the history of the
development of the political and economic conditions of the country,
and has been prepared in his usual able, careful, and scholarly way.
It is a field in which the author is always at home. One of the chap-
ters of the work he arranged and read before the members of the Histori-
cal Society of Pennsylvania last spring, which attracted much favorable
comment.

GUiLiNGHAM Family. Descendants of Yeamanb Gillingham.
By Harrold Edgar Gillingham. PhiUdelphia, 1901. 8vo, pp. 99.
This is another contribution to Pennsylvania genealogy of the de-
scendants of an early settler of Bucks County, many of whom are
eminent in their professions and mercantile careers. The compiler
has restricted his investigations mainly to the male lines of his own
£unily. A good index aids the genealogical investigator. The edition
is limited to two hundred copies, and the few remaining on hand for sale
can be obtained by addressing the compiler at G^rmantown, Phila-
delphia.

Pedigree of Bighard Borden, who removed from the County
OF Kent, Old England, 1687-1688, and settled at Ports-
mouth, Rhode Island. By Thomas Allen Glenn. Philadelphia,
1901. Square folio, pp. 15.

Beginning with Henry Borden, of the parish of Hedcom, County of
Kent, England, who was bom 1870-1^80, Mr. Glenn has compiled this
pedigree to his descendant, Richard Borden, who came to New England
1687-88, and settled at Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where he b^»me
Treasurer, Commissioner, Deputy to the Assembly, and filled other offices
of honor and trust. He also acquired large tracts of land in Rhode
Island and East Jersey, those in the latter, near Shrewsbury, being in-
herited by his son, Francis Borden, from whom are descended the Bor-
dens. Cooks, and other well-known fiamilies of New Jersey and Pennsyl-
vania. Valuable additions to the pedigree are the exhaustive citations.

The work is typographically a treasure, — ^heavy laid paper, very wide
margins, and fine cover. A limited number of copies are on sale. Ad-
dress the compiler at 617 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia.

PUBLICATION FUND

or THE

HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA

Tlus Fund, which now amounts to 140,000, is made up of
•absoriptions of $25 each, which have been invested by the
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torical matter. Copies of all publications are sent to subscribers
to the Fund during their lives, and to libraries for twenty years.
The fhnd has published fourteen volumes of Memoirs of the
Society and twenty-four volumes of the PennsjlTania iff^4r»«i«i>
of History and Biopraphy.

Of the Magazme about 25 sets remain on hand. As long as
this edition lasts, persons who subscribe $25 to the capital account
and wish complete sets of the Magazine can obtain the twenty-
four volumes boimd, and numbers of current volume, for $60
extra. These subscribers will also receive all fUture issues of the
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TRUSTEES OF THE PUBLICATION FUND.

1300 Locust Street. Philadelphia.

THE GERMAN SECTARIANS OF PENNSYLVAWA

1708-1742.

A OMtleal and L«f andary History of tbo Bpliratft Otoislor
and tbo Jhmkors.

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Vf>l. XXV. JANUARY. 1902 No. 100

THE

PENNSYLVANIA
MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

PCIBLISnCP IIT

THE HIOTORICAL SOOETY OF PENNSYLVANIA

TOR SURSCftlBCAS

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1902
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CONTENTS.

PAOI

The Society of the Sons ol Saint Tammany of Philadelphia. By

Francis von A. Cabeen, {Continued,) 433

IMt of Mufaret fildppeii, wife of Benedict Arnold. By Lewit Bmd

Walker. (QmHwued,) (ErontiMpiece.) 452

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Laoey, of Pennsylvania. (Con-
tmmd,) 498

Dean Toeker's Papiphlet " A Letter from a Merchant in London to

his Nephew in North America," 1766. ( Conlinxied.) . . .616

Letters of Presidents of the United States and " Ladies of the White

House." (Continued,) 627

PHtpers relating to the Founding by the "Society for the Propaga-
tion of the Qospels in Foreign Parts," London, of the Missions
at Reading and Morlattan, Berks County, Pennsylvania. By
B. F. Owen. {Conduded.) 637

Assessment of Damages done by the British Troops during the

Occupation of Philadelphia, 1777-1778. {Conduded.) . . 644

Ship Registers for the Port of Philadelphia, 1726-1775. (Om-

iinued.) 660

Notes and Queries 676

Book Notices 5d5

Officers of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania .697

Index 601

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C-ir^/^<;/^v//^^v/

THE

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

Vol. XXV. 1901. No. 4.

THE SOCIETY OP THE SONS OP SAINT TAMMANY
OP PHILADELPHIA.

BT FBANOIS YON A. OABBBN.

The best introduction that we can ^ve to our subject is
in the words of the Rev. John Heckewelder. "All we
know therefore of Tamanend is that he was an ancient
Delaware Chief, who never had his equal. He was in the
highest degree endowed with wisdom, virtue, prudence,
charity, affability, meekness, hospitality, in short with every
good and noble qualification that a human being possesses.
He was supposed to have had an intercourse with the Great
Spirit, for he was a stranger to every thing that is bad."

The first authentic account we have of our hero is in a
deed dated June 28, 1688,* to William Penn for the land
lying along and between the Neshaminy and Pennypack
Creeks " for ye consideration of so much wampum, so many
guns, shoes, stockings, looking glasses, blankets and other
goods as ye sd William Penn shall please to give unto us."
And on 2d 6 mo., 1684, "Received moreover all match-
coats, stockings, shirts, and blankets, besides several guilders
in silver, and I acknowledge I have sold all my land as above.
Tammanens X Mark

* Penna, ArchiyeB, Vol. I. p. 64.
VOL. XXV.— 28 (433)

484 Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia.

Sealed and delivered in je presence of
Lasse Cock
John Blinflton
Job Curties
Indians Present

Bichard Witness

Shockhuppo Crilbut Billeelr

The mark of X Tamanen"

Tamanend's mark is made in imitation of a snake not
tightly coiled. On June 16, 1692, he gave satisfaction for
all lands belonging to him and others.^ The records now
show that at a meeting of the Council at Philadelphia, July
6, 1694, he addressed them as follows: "We and the
Christians of this river have always had a free road to one
another, and though sometimes a tree has fidlen across it,
we have still removed it again and kept the path clear, and
we design to continue the old friendship that has been
between us and you, and do give a belt of wampum."

Continuing our search, we find the following and last
authentic account of this great Indian in a deed made July
6, 1697, as follows : * " We Taminy Sachimack and We-
heeland, my brother, and Wehequeekhon alias Andrew,
who is to be king after my death. Yaquekhon alias Nicho-
las, and Quenamequid alias Charles my sons for us our heirs
and successors grant • . . land between Pemmepack and
Keshaminy extending to the length of the River Delaware
so far as a horse can travel in two Summer days, and to
carry its breadth according as the several courses of the
said two creeks will admit, and when the said creeks do
branch, that the main branches granted shall stretch forth
upon a direct course on each side and to carry on the full
breadth to the extent of the length thereof."

Acknowledged in open court at Philadelphia July 6, 1697 ;
recorded in the Rolls Office 7th of 12th month, 1698, in
Book E 8, Vol. V. p. 67, etc.

» Penna. Archives, Vol. I. p. 116. « Ibid., p. 124.

Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia. 485

Id this deed he was designated as the Great Sachem Tami-
nent. " The name of Tamanend," states Heckewelder, " is
held in the highest veneration among the Indians. Of all
the chiefs and great men which the Lenape nation ever had,
he stands foremost on the list But although many fabulous
stories are circulated about him among the whites, but little
of his real history is known."

The same authority gives the signification of his name,
Tamanend, as affable. The legendary accounts of our Saint
will appear later on, as they occur in the accounts of the So-
ciety that was named in his honor. It is certain, however,
that he would not have been selected for canonization in the
minds and hearts of his white neighbors if he had not had
attributes that raised him in a marked degree above all his
nation. One account says that William Penn found him a
man advanced in years, of noble mien, of great sagacity,
and quick to see the superiority of the whites over his peo-
ple, and therefore he was anxious to cultivate their friendship
rather than wage what his wisdom told him would be an
unequal struggle.

The value of real estate in this vicinity in those days may
be of interest to the reader, so we give below a list of arti-
cles received by the Tamanend family for the land they
parted with to Penn, the extent of which, roughly estimated,
amounted to three hundred square miles.

List.
100 needles

6Hatts
25 lbs. powder

1 Peck Pipes
28 yds. Duffills
16 Knives
10 pr. Sissors

2 Blankets
4 yds. Stroud Water 20 Handfuls of Wampum" *

* Penna. Archiyes, Vol. I. p. 64.

<< 5 p. Stockings
20 Barrs Lead
10 Tobacco Boxes
6 Coates 2 Guns
8 Shirts 2 Kettles
12 Awles
10 Tobacco Tongs
6 Axes

10 Glasses

6 Capps
15 Combs

5 Hoes
9 Gimbletts
20 Fishhooks

7 half Gills
4 HandfuU Bells

486 Society of the Sans of SauU Tammam/ of PhiladdpUou

The Rev. Mr. Heckewelder, who is probably the best au-
thority we have upon the IndiaoB of this section of the
country, states that Tamanend's memory was held in tiie
highest esteem by his own people, but that he never heard
them say much concerning him, as it was not their custom
to talk of their dead except in a very general way, and that
no white man that had any regard for their feelings ever
broached the subject of their dead to them. The various
traditions, both verbal and written, concerning Tamanend
emanated from the whites and not from the Indians. We
see that between the first record that we have of him in
1688 and the last in 1697 he must have impressed himself
strongly upon not only the community but also upon the
ofiicials of the provincial government, for in the last ac-
count he is described in the deed, which of course was writ-
ten by the English, as the Great Sachem Tamaniens, and no
other Indian is so described ; so to have acquired the right
to such a title he must have had at least a large part of the
attributes ascribed to him. In further corroboration of the
way in which his memory was held, we cite the old cannon
presented by the Colony on Schuylkill to the Association
Battery about 1747, on which appear the words ^^Eawania
che Keekeru" (This is my right, I will defend it). By many
writers this motto is ascribed to Tamanend, and justly so,
we think, rather than to the Delaware Nation alone, for we
would expect just such a sentiment to be chosen by a man
endowed with such lofty ideas as these words express.^
Further, the records of this Society show that their principal
day — ^May 1, or opening day — ^has been always spoken of by
them as Tammany's day. Their tradition is that Tamanend
himself made a treaty with the fathers of this Society giving
them the right to fish in the waters of the Schuylkill and
hunt game upon its banks.

We also find this motto at the top of the title-page of a
pamphlet which is in verse : ^^ Kawanio Che Keeteru, a ■

^ This was the motto of the Samt Tammany Society. Bee Independent,
May 3, 1788.

Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia. 487

true relation of a bloody battle fought between George and
Lewis in the year 1755. Printed in the year MDCCLVI."
Turning over the page, we find " The words I have chosen
at the head of my Title Page I am told by a gentleman
skilled in the Indian languages is very expressive of a Hero
relying on God to bless his endeavors in protecting what he
has put under his care/' " To form some idea of its sig-
nification," he says, << you may imagine a man with his wife
and children about him and with an air of resolution calling
out to his enemy, All these God has given me and I will
defend them/' ^

This translation remained unchallenged until 1888, when
Dr. Brinton, Professor of American Archaeology and Lin-
guistics in the University of Pennsylvania, pronounced the
words Iroquois and not Delaware, and at his suggestion
they were submitted to Mr. Horatio Hale, who translates
them thus : " I am master wherever I am," and in a very
able article gives his reasons for their being in this language
rather than in the Delaware tongue.*

As to the last resting-place of Tamanend, this is a subject
upon which a great deal has been written. The tradition
tiiat he is buried by a spring in New Britain Township,
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, about three and one-half miles
north of Doylestown, near the banks of the Neshaminy, on
the farm owned by Enos Detwiler, is generally believed.
"We would add, in fiirther confirmation of the tradition,
that Tamanend ended his life by setting fire to his wig-
wam.*

In the following lines, which appear in a song published
in the Pennsylvania Eoening Posty April 80, 1776, reference
is made to his end and also to his great age :

^ In Hist Soc of Penna. Said to have been written by Nicholas
Scull.

* American Antiquarian, January, 1886.

* Magazine of American History, Vol. XXIX. p. 265 ; also His-
torical Collections of the State of Pennsylyania, by Sherman Day ;
Davis's History of Bucks County ; Watson's Annals MSS., p. 498.

488 Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of PhUaddphia.

" Am old ago came on, he grew blind, deaf and dnmb,
Tho' hia sport 'twere hard to keep from it^
Quite tired of life, bid adieu to hia wife,
And blaa'd like the tail of a comity my braye boyi."

The &ct that an old Indian was buried at the place
named in 1740 is not contradicted by any of the historians;
the only question being as to whether it was Tamanend or
some other Indian. The chief argument used by those who
thought it was some other than our saint was that he must
have been a very old man, and that they should have ex-
pected some mention of him by his contemporaries between
1697 and 1740,

We do not think that the absence of mention makes this
point good, for any one fitmiliar with the newspapers and
few local writings of the period well know that items con-
cerning events or persons of their locality are very few and
fiu: between.

The tradition of the " State in Schuylkill," referred to,
is another corroborating the fact that he lived long; for if
he gave the right to fish to them when they started their
Society, he must have been alive in 1782, which is the date
of their birth as an organization.

The high esteem in which the subject of our theme was
held is best shown by the transactions of the Society named
in his honor.

SONS OF SAINT TAMMANT.

Every organization of men has a reason for its existence,
and therefore we are led to investigate the condition of
affiurs that preceded the birth of the Sons of Saint Tammany,
to see, if possible, what were the causes that called them
into existence.

The passage of the Stamp Act aroused a storm of pro-
tests from the Colonies; and in 1765, soon after its passage,
was organized the association of the Sons of Liberty, with
head-quarters in ITew York City and branches in every

Society of the Sons of Saint Tamvumy of Philaddphia. 489

Colony, including a resident member in London, Nicholas
Ray.

The name was first made nse of in Parliament in a speech
made by Colonel Barre, and was at once adopted by this
body of- patriotic Americans, whose imtiring efforts in
arousing their fellow-citizens to maintain their rights at last
forced the British ministry to repeal the obnoxious measure.
Their action was practically the first union of the Colonies
in their opposition to the mother country, and they may
well be considered as the " germ of the Revolution."

Colonel "William Bradford, in a letter dated Philadelphia,
February 15, 1766, to the Sons of Liberty of New York,
says, " Our body in this city is not declared numerous, as
unfortunate dissentions in Provincial politics keep us rather
a divided people. But when the Grand cause calls on us,
you may be assured we shall universally stand forth and
appear what we really are— Sons of Liberty in Philadel-
phia."

We believe that all the persons mentioned in the follow-
ing letter were members of this order in Philadelphia.

A letter from one Hughes, who was commissioned to
distribute the stamps in Pennsylvania to Penn, the Lieuten-
ant-Governor, has curious passages.

He says he <* was waited upon by Messrs. James Tilghman,
lawyer, Robert Morris, Charles Thomson, Andrew Call
(Archd. McCall ?), John Cox, and William Richards, mer-
chants, and William Bradford, printer,'' etc.

On March 8 one Benjamin Welsh, of Maryland, having
had his house and buildings burnt, supposedly by parties
who objected to his outspoken opposition to the Stamp Act,
wrote to the Sons of Liberty in Philadelphia for assistance.
The subscription list of those who gave is in existence ; but,
while some of those on it were unquestionably members of
the society, others, we are led to infer, were rather un-
willing givers.

The Stamp Act was repealed on the 18th of March, 1766,
and on receipt of the news upon this side of the water the

440 Society of the Sons of ScmU Tammany of PkUaddphia.

Sons of Liberfy, believing that their work had been accom-
plished, disbanded.

In a letter from their London member, Mr. Nicholas
Ray, he says, " Permit me therefore to recommend ten or
twenty of the principal of you to form yourselves into a
club to meet once a month under the name of Liberty Club
and forever on the 18th. of March or 1st of May give notice
to the whole body to commemorate your deliverance, spend-
ing the day in festivity and joy."

Li the reply from the Sons of Liberfy in America, they
write, " Your proposal with regard to a number of us form-
ing ourselves into a club we have already had under con-
sideration ; but as it is imagined that some inconveniences
would arise should such a club be established just at this
time, we must postpone the same till it may appear more
ehgible."

The Sons of Liberty soon found the necessity for renewed
action, for it was not long after they had planted their liberty
pole on the common in New York in commemoration of
the repeal of the Stamp Act before they were called to
defend it against the attacks of the British soldiers, instigated
by their officers, who showed great resentment against that
which they considered was a victory of the liberty-loving
colonists over the British government.

In the first of the " Parmer's Letters," which appeared in
1768, John Dickinson writes, " Benevolence towards man-
kind excites wishes for their wel&re and such wishes endear
the means of ftdfilling them. TTiese can be found in liberty
only and therefore her sacred cause ought to be espoused
by every man on every occasion to the utmost of his power."
In the two lines of his song —

"Then join Hand in Hand brave Americans all,
By uniting we stand, by diyiding we fall" —

is the pith of all his letters ; it was the motto of the times ;
it was the slogan which was eventually to lead the patriots
to victory.

Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia. 441

The non-importing resolutions were made stronger, and
their being adhered to by weak-kneed and avaricious breth-
ren and looked after by the patriotic Sons of Liberty forged
another link in the chain that was forming to bind the
Colonies together. Men now began to talk and write of
America. There was much less heard of the Colony, —
more of the Colonies. There had long been a Saint An-
drew's Society, founded in 1749 to look after Scotchmen,
a Saint David's for the "Welsh, and in 1771 a Saint George's
Society had been established for Englishmen, promptly fol-
lowed by the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick for the Irish.

It is true that the bells in Philadelphia had been rung on
May 1 for some years in honor of Elng Tammany,^ but the
American spirit had been bom as the natural results of the
labor through which the country was passing, and it found
expression in the Saint Tammany Society, for Tammany was
certainly a full-blooded American.

It is evident that while the friends of liberty and America
had accomplished much in the furtherance of their cause,
it had been performed generally under cover of secrecy, and
it was now felt that the time had come for the organization
of a society that could openly have meetings which would
unite those whose minds secretly held the thought expressed
in later years of America for Americans.

Before giving an account of the first meeting of the So-
ciety of the Sons of Elng or Ssdnt Tammany, held in this
city, we must call attention to the £Etct that the fame of our
patron saint had already travelled beyond the land of his
birth.

In "Eddis's Letters from America," dated Annapolis,
Maryland, December 24, 1771, he writes, " The Americans
on this part of the continent have likewise a Saint, whose
history like those of the above venerable characters [St.
George, St Patrick, St. Andrew, and St David] is lost in
fable and uncertainty. The first of May is however, set
apart to the memory of Saint Tamina on which occasion
* Penna. Mao., Vol. V. p. 29.

442 Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia.

tiie natives wear a piece of back's tail in their hats or in
some conspicuons situation. During the course of the even-
ing and generally in the midst of the dance, the company
are interrupted by the sudden intrusion of a number of per-
sons habited like Indians, who rush violently into the room,
singing the war song, giving the whoop and dandng in the
style of those people ; after which ceremony a collection is
made and they retire well satisfied with their reception and
entertainment''

A later writer adds, " This custom of celebrating the day
was continued down within the recollection of many of
the present inhabitants of this city [Annapolis, 1841]." We
have noted this celebration here to show that the &me of
Tamanend had travelled from the neighboring Province of
Pennsylvania, where he had long been celebrated on account
of his services to and friendship for the early settlers, and
also to call attention to the custom of those taking part in
the affiur to decorate themselves with buck tails or buck
skins, for the reason that a little later the followers of Tam-
anend and those subscribing to their ideas were designated
in the public prints as « Buck Skins." The first meeting of
the Society is recorded in an issue of the Pennsylvania Chron-
iekj dated May 4, 1772. << On Friday, the first instant, a
number of Americans, Sons of Eing Tammany, met at the
house of Mr. James Byrn,^ to celebrate the memory of that
truly noble Chieftain whose friendship was most affection-
ately manifested to the worthy founder, and first settlers of
this Province. After dinner the circulating glass was
crowned with wishes loyal and patriotic and the day con-
cluded with much cheerfulness and harmony. It is hoped
from this small beginning a society may be formed of great
lUdity to the distressed, as this meeting was more for the
purpose of promoting charity and benevolence than mirth
and festivity."

The following toasts were drunk on this occasion :

^ Located on the west side of Tenth Street between Mulberry (Arch)
and SaasafraB (Race), Deed Book I, p. 86.

Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia, 448

!• The King and Eoyal Family (George IIL of Eng-
land).

2. The Proprietors of PennBylvania (Thomas Penn and
John Penn, son of Richard).

8. The Ghovemor of Pennsylvania (Itichard Penn, Lieu-
tenant-Governor, son of Bichard Penn).

4. Prosperity of Pennsylvania.

5. The Navy and Army of Great Britain.

6. The pious and immortal memory of Elng Tam-
many.

7. Speedy relief to the injured Queen of Denmark
(Caroline Matilda, sister of George UL of England, and
wife of Christian VIL of Denmark).

8. Unanimity between Great Britidn and her Colonies.

9. Speedy repeal of all oppressive and unconstitutional
acts.

10. May the Americans surely understand and fidthfully
defend their constitutional rights.

11. More spirit to the Councils of Great Britain.

12. The great philosopher, Dr. Franklin.

18. His Excellency, Governor Franklin, and prosperity to
the Province of New Jersey.

14. His Excellency, Governor Tryon, and prosperity to
the Province of New York.

15. The Honorable James Hamilton, Esq., late Gt>vemor
of Pennsylvania.

16. The Chief-Justice of Pennsylvania (Honorable Wil-
liam Allen, vice Einsey, deceased, 1750 to 1774).

17. The Speaker of the Honorable House of Assembly
of Pennsylvania (Joseph Galloway).

18. The Eecorder of the City of Philadelphia (William
Parr, vice Chew, resigned).

19. The pious and immortal memory of General Wolfe.

20. The Pennsylvania fsurmer (John Dickinson).

21. May the Sons of King Tammany, St Gteorge, St.
Andrew, St Patrick, and St David love each other as
brethren of one common ancestor, and unite in their hearty

444 Society of the Sons of Saint T'ammany of Philadelphia.

endeavors to preserve the native Constitutional American
Liberties.

The company started off with the regolation toasts of the
day, and it was only when they reached the eighth toast that
their real feelings show themselves ; the ninth was stronger
in its sentiment, the tenth rings out quite vigorously for
America's rights, but the toast-master evidently thought
that it was now time to tone down the enthusiasm, so the
eleventh toast sounds well but is perfectly harmless. Then
follows a series of toasts to provilicial dignitaries until we
reach the twentieth, when the real sentiment of those
participating crops out in the toast to the Pennsylvania
farmer whose letters were then challenging the attention
of the world.

In the last toast is the call to unite all parties in a com-
mon cause to defend the rights of America against oppres-
sion.

After the seventeenth toast we find an asterisk, and the
note below says, —

^^ The kind genius that presides over American Freedom
forbade it and the sons of Elng Tammany appeared as
averse to drink it as they would have been to swallow the
5 mile stone."

The person occupying the office of Speaker at this time
was Joseph Galloway, and it must be remembered that the
newspaper (Permsylvama Chronicle) in which this account
appears was owned by Goddard, so we quote a short bio-
graphical sketch of Gkdloway as follows :

" He was first a Whig then a Loyalist ; in 1776 abandoned
the Whigs and became one of the most virulent and pro-
scriptive Loyalists of the time.

" Li 1766 he connected himself with Goddard and Whar-
ton in publishing a newspaper called the Permsylvama Chron-
icle .. . the three partners quarrelled, separated on the
worst possible terms, and Goddard and Galloway filled the
public prints with the vilest mutual abuse.

" They dissolved partnership in 1770."

Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia. 445
Prom another source we quote the following : .

** Fright our poor Philadelphia Galloway
Your CongresB, when the loyal rihald
Belied berated and bescribbled ?
What ropee and halters did you send
Terrific emblems of his end.
Till least he'd hang in more than effigy
Fled in a fog the trembling reftigee.

" Galloway began by being a flaming patriot, but being
disgusted at his own want of influence and the greater pop-
ularity of others, he turned Tory, wrote against the meas-
ures of Congress and absconded. Just before his escape a
trunk was put on board a vessel in the Delaware to be de-
livered to Joseph Galloway Esquire. On opening it he
found it contained only, as Shakespeare says, < A halter
gratis and leave to hang himself.' "

The Pennsylvania Chronicle was the only newspaper that
gave any notice of this meeting, and we have given the
notice in full.

The names of those participating, the hour of the dinner,
and the bill of fare are all wanting ; but, judging from the
entries in the diary of a man about town of those times
(Hiltzheimer), we should say that the beverage drunk in
the toasts was rum punch.

The next record we find is from the pen of a lady. Miss
Sarah Eve, and noted in her journal, under date of May 1,
1778, is the following : " A May morning indeed. . . . This
morning was ushered in by the ringing of bells in memory
of King Tammany, as he was used to be called, but now I
think they have got him canonized, for he is now celebrated
as Saint Tammany.'' ^

If this May day that our fair diarist notes had been
the first one on which the bells were rung in honor of
King Tammany, she would most certainly have noted it;
so it is £Edr to presume that it was a custom of long stand-

» Penna. Mag., Vol. V. p. 29.

446 Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia.

ing or she would have put a query upon her page as to
why they were ringmg.

In Westcott's " History of Philadelphia" we find the fol-
lowing circular, dated April 28, 177S.

<< Sib. — A& all nations have for seven [several T\ centuries
past adopted some great personage remarkable for his
virtues and loved for civil and religious liberty as their
tutelar saint, and annually assembled at a fixed day to com-
memorate him, the natives of this flourishing Province, de-
termined to follow so laudable example, for some years
past have adopted a great warrior sachem and chief named
Tammany, a fast Mend to our fore fathers, to be the tutelar
Saint of this Province, and have hitherto on the 1st of May
done the accustomed honors to lihe memory of so great and
celebrated a personage. And for this purpose you are re-
quested to meet the children and associate Sons of Saint
Tammany at the house of Mr. James Byrnes to dine to-
gether and form such useful charitable plans for the relief
of all in distress as shall then be agreed upon.''

The names of one hundred and twenty-one gentiemen
who intended to participate were also given, and they com-
prised the most eminent and influential persons in the city,
among them Chief-Justice Chew, Rev. Jacob Duch6, Bev.
Thomas Coombe, Bev. William White, John Dickinson,
James Allen and Andrew Allen, Governor William Frank-
lin (of New Jersey), Tench Francis, Joseph Galloway, Gov-
ernor James Hamilton and his brothers Andrew and Wil-
liam, Dr. Adam Euhn, John Lawrence, Thomas Lawrence,
William and James Logan, Samuel Mif9in and Thomas
Mifflin (afterwards major-general and Governor of the
State), John Cadwalader (afterwards colonel in the Rev-
olutionary army) with his brother Lambert (afterwards
colonel), Lieutenant-Governor Richard Penn, Richard Pe-
ters, Jr. (afterwards United States District Judge), John
Ross, Joseph Reed (aftierwards President of the State),
David Rittenhouse (the astronomer). Dr. Benjamin Rush,
Edward Shippen, James Tilghman, Thomas Willing,

Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia. 447

Thomas Wharton, Jr. (afterwards President of the State),
and others.

It may be interesting here to follow the political course
of the gentiemen mentioned above, for it shows that at the
beginning of our differences with the mother country it was
not only popular but also considered fashionable to espouse
the American side of the controversy, at least until the actual
conflict took place.

Chief-Justice Benjamin Chew. — ^Efis course was doubtful in
the early part of the controversy, and he was claimed by
both parties. In 1774, when Washington dined with him,
he was Chief-Justice of Pennsylvania. On account of his
having held a high office under the crown, and all such
having fijlen under suspicion, in 1777 he was arrested, but
paroled in 1778, and later returned to Philadelphia, but
took no active part in affialrs.

jRev. Jacob Ductii. — ^He acted with the Whigs until 1777,
and then wrote an extraordinary letter to Washington, after
which he quitted America for England. In April, 1783, he
solicited Washington's influence to effect a repeal of the
act that kept him in banishment.

JRev. Thomas Ooombe. — ^Assistant to Duch6, supported the
Colonies until the Declaration of Independence, but felt that
his ordination oath did not permit him to follow the same
course after that event In 1778 he obtained permission to
go to New York, firom whence he sailed to England.

William White. — ^Afl»rwards Bishop of the Protestant Epis-
copal Church in America. He remained most loyal to the
American cause to the end.

John Dickinson. — ^Author of the "Farmer's Letters,"
whose devotion to the American cause is well known.

Jam£s Allen. — ^A son of Chief-Justice Allen, and the only
one of them who did not join the royal army. He re-
mained at home, wholly inactive, though his sympathies
were supposed to be loyal. He was in declining health in
1776, and died before the close of the following year.

Andrew AUen, a brother of James, was first a Whig, and

448 Society of the Sons of Saint Tammany of Philadelphia.

was one of the founders of the First City Troop. In April,
1776, he resigned from it, and, while a member of Congress,
did not attend its meetings after June, 1776. After the
Declaration of Independence he attached himself to the
British army, and was with it when it entered Philadelphia.

Governor WiUiam Franklin, of New Jersey. — ^The disgust in
which the royal governor was held " arose in part probably
from the illegitimacy of his birth, but principally frx)m his
timewaerving conduct and courtier-like propensities. He
was originally a Whig, but became ex virtute officii a Tory."

Tmch Francis. — ^He was true to the American side of the
controversy, and is said to have contributed five thousand
pounds for the support of the Revolutionary army.

Joseph GhdUmay. — As we have given an account of this
gentleman, we will omit any further mention here.

GrovemoT James Hamilton. — ^As President of the CouncU,
was chief magistrate a fourth term from July 19, 1778, to
August 80, 1778. A few years later he was obliged to
witness the destruction of regal and proprietary authority
in America, and, forbidden by his years and his loyalty to
embark in the Revolution and share the popularity of its
leaders, saw in its success the vanishing of his family's
claim to office and influence. In August, 1777, he was made
prisoner on parole.

WiUiam Hamilton. — ^He graduated at the College of Phila-
delphia in 1762, and took some part in the resistance to
Great Britain at the beginning of the Revolutionary "War,
becoming chairman of the Committee of Inspection and
Observation for the City and Liberties ; but aft;er the Dec-
laration of Independence and overthrow of the proprietary
government he was one of the " disaffiscted."

Dr. Adam Kuhn. — ^Was professor in the College of
Philadelphia, and remained true to the American cause
throughout the conflict

John Lawrence. — On September 14, 1767, he was ap-
pointed a judge of the Supreme Court He remained on
that bench until the Revolution. On the approach of the

Society of the Sons of Saint Tamnuxny of Philadelphia. 449

British towards Philadelphia he was put under arrest and
gave his parole. He was subsequentiy allowed to go any-
where within Pennsylvania, and was discharged on June
80, 1778.

Thomas Lawrence. — Sometime mayor of the city; died in
1776.

WUUam Logan. — Took no active part in the times, and
died October 28, 1776.

James Logan. — ^Trustee of Loganian Library. Bom 1728,
died 1808. Took no active part in the struggle, on account
of his years.

Thomas MiffUn. — ^At the appointment of the first dele-
gates to Congress, Mif9in was one of those chosen, and was
the most determined Whig of them all. He was re-elected
to the Assembly in 1774, and was sent also to the Congress
which met on May 10, 1775. On hearing of the battie of
Lexington he urged the people of Philadelphia at a town
meeting to persevere in the cause. << Let us not,'' said he,
<< be bold in declarations and afterward cold in action."

Samuel Mifflin. — ^Was loyal to the Americans to the end
of the conflict

John and Lambert Cadwalader, both colonels in the Revo-
lutionary army, fought with great bravery for the cause of
independence.

Lieutenant- Ghvemor Bichard Penn. — ^Having no oflicial
motives (his brother John being in office at the beginning of
hostilities) for reserve, he was even upon terms of fiimiliarity
with some of the most thorough-going Whigs. An evidence
of this was the pleasantry ascribed to him on the occasion
of a member of Congress one day observing to his com-
patriots that at all events " they must all hang together."
" If you do not, gentiemen," said Mr. Penn, " I can tell
you that you will be very apt to hang separately."

Bichard Peters, Jr. — ^ffis military career was short Con-
gress placed him in the Board of War, where his services
were acknowledged by a vote of thanks by that body.

John Boss. — ^Loved ease and Madeira much better than
VOL. XXV. — 29

460 Society of the Sons of Saint Tammam/ of Philadelphia.

liberty and strife ; declared for neutrality, saying that, << let
who would be king^ he well knew that he shmdd be sfuifjectJ^

Joseph Reed (afterwards President of the State). — ^He was
one of the Committee of Correspondence in 1774. He ac-
oompanied Washington to Cambridge in July, 1775, and as
his idde and secretary remained with him during most of the
campaign. He remained in the army until 1777, then
became a member of Congress and afterwards President of
the Council.

David Bittenhause. — ^The distinguished astronomer and
member of Congress.

Dr. Benjamin Bush. — ^He was united in sentiments and
affections with nearly all the distinguished patriots of the
Revolution, and mixed in the most important councils of
the nation.

Edward Shippen. — The breaking out of the Revolution
was to Judge Shippen a matter of most serious moment
He was deprived of all his offices under the crown. He
was in 1784 appointed judge, and gave entire satisfisus-
tion to the people.

James lUghnum. — ^At the commencement of the Revolu-
tionary struggle his views were liberal, like those of nearly
every public man. He desired a repeal of the acts of Par-
liament generally complained of; he thought the Boston
Port Bill an outrage, but condemned the << Boston Tea
Party." As the struggle proceeded he shared the loyalist
views of his colleagues in office.

Thomas Willing. — ^Though voting against the Declaration
of Independence because he thought America unequal at
the time for the struggle, after it was passed supported it
loyally to the end.

Thomas Wharton (afterwards President of the State) was
a supporter of the American cause until his death, May 28,
1778.

There also appeared in the Pennsylvania Chronicle of May
8, 1778, the following : " Permit a few unfortunate natives
of England, who are here confined for debt, to return thro'

Society of the Sons of Sauit Tammam/ of PkUaddphia. 461

the channel of your paper, their gratefiil acknowledgment
to the benevolent Society of the Sons of St Gteorge, estab-
lished in this city, for their late charitable and generous
donation to us, and which was judiciously expended by one
of their fidthfiil stewards. At the same time, a considerable
number of the most indigent of the confined debtors, deeply
impressed with the warmest sense of gratitude, beg leave in
this manner, to return their sincere and hearty thanks to
the very respectable society of the Sons of St. Tammany,
who were assembled the first instant at Mr. Bryn's Tavern
to celebrate the day, for the plentifiil gift of victuals and
beer, which they were pleased to send, and which was fidth-
fully distributed among them."

In carefully scanning the records of the foregoing gentle-
men, we find that they were very evenly divided on the
issues of the times, which became much more emphasized
as the date arrived for the next dinner. May 1, 1774, fell
on Sunday, which it is well to note, for that might account
for their not having a dinner on that day.

(To be continiied.)

462 lAft of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

LIFE OF MARGARET SHIPPEN, WIPE OP BENEDICT

ARNOLD.

BT LIWIS BURD WALKER.

(Contiiiaed from page 802.)
FAMILY OORRESPONDENOB.

With respect to Mount Pleasant G. A. has altered his senti-
ments, since I wrote in Augast last, he thinks as lands in America
are falling in Value and likely to continue so to do, and that
there is a greater sum due on the Mortgages on Mount Pleasant
than he at first supposed, and that the whole may be lost should
it transpire that he was the private purchaser, that for these
reasons it will be best should the Place be sold, to sell it for
what it will fetch at Publiok sale, provided there is a certainty
of its selling for as much as will pay the mortgages, and the
purchase money which you have paid for his life interest in it,
and any ballance that it may bring to be appropriated as you
may think proper. But if you should not think proper to put
up the Place to Sale, and do not choose to keep the life Interest
which you have bought, G. Arnold desires you will be so good
as to sell it for as much as you can, and if it should fall short of
the sum which you gave, desires you will be so good as to draw
upon him for the Ballance, as he thinks it is better to put up
with the first loss, than to advance any more money on Mount
Pleasant, which he believes will never in future sell for as much
money as it will at thq present time. — Nor does he choose to
risque any more money in America.

My being in a situation to render writing very inconvenient
to me, will I am sure plead my apology to my beloved Papa for
this letter being written by another person. I am extremely
happy to hear by my sister Betsy*s letter of June 4th that all
the family were well. I shall if possible write to them by my
brother, but should it not be in my power, I must request my
dearest papa to present my tender love to them. Genl A. like-

lift of Margaret ShippeUy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 458

wise begs to be remembered to you all in the most affectionate
manner.

With every sentiment of love and respect,

Believe me my dear and honored papa

Most truly yours

Bbtanston Street,
July 13th, 1786

London, March 6th, 1786
I have, my dear and honored papa, just received the enclosed
from our Attorney ; and though I fear it will be too late for the
New York Packet of this month, yet as it is of very material
consequence to get the papers from Philadelphia soon, I shall
risk sending it to Falmouth, in hopes that something may have
delayed the Packet. Our Council give me great hopes that if
we get the necessary papers we shall finally gain our cause ; I
shall be extremely obliged to you, if you will procure them for
me, and send them to me by the first conveyance.

I am still in the most unhappy state of suspense respecting
the Greneral, not having heard from him since the account of his
Ships being lost. Nor am I quite easy about you, and my other
dear friends in Philadelphia ; the melancholy event that has so
recently happened when I last heard from you, makes me ex-
tremely uneasy about my beloved Mamma. Her life has hitherto
been marked with but few real misfortunes, and being untrained
in the School of Adversity, I fear my brother's untimely death
will bear hard upon her. Tet I hope she will consider the many
blessings by which she is surrounded and endeavor to support
herself under this heavy trial.

I assure you, my dear papa, I find it necessary to summon all
my Philosophy to my aid, to support myself under my present
situation. Separated from, and anxious for the fate, of the best
of Husbands, torn from almost every body that is dear to me,
harrassed with a troublesome and expensive Law Suit, having all
the General's business to transact, and feeling that I am in a
strange Country, without a creature near me that is really inter-
ested in my fate, you will not wonder if I am unhappy — ^But I
will not distress you my beloved papa with my unavailing com-
plaints which I seldom suffer to engross either my pen or tongue,
but deprived of all domestic society, I have too much time to
indulge them.

464 lAft of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

I am now perfectly well; my bilious complaints have been
yery troublesome since my lying in, about six weeks after the
Gen'l left me my physician ordered me to go to Bath, and I was
making preparations for that purpose when I receiyed the mel-
ancholy accounts of my poor brother's death ; this delayed my
journey and I soon after found myself recoyering so fast, that I
entirely gave oyer the thoughts of it ; and I have now quite got
the better of my complaint. My children are yery well, my
little girl is the picture of health, and has never had an hours
illness since she was a month old ; I still continue to nurse her.

I beg my dearest papa, that you will present my tenderest love
to all the family. With unceasing prayers for your, and their
health and happiness, believe me

Tours most sincerely and affectionately

M. A.

April 11th, 1786
I was disappointed, my dear and honored papa, in sending my
letter by the Packet, it being returned to me from Falmouth. I
now enclose the papers, and tho I fear your answer cannot ar-
rive in time, yet I shall be much obliged to you to write as soon
as possible. As I do not expect the Genl home till June I fear
it will be decided before his return.

Believe me my beloved papa, with every sentiment of respect
and love

Most sincerely yours.

Your affectionate letter, my dear Sister, by Mr. Parker is now
before me. Tour accounts of our beloved Mamma's health, are
very distressing indeed ; and her's is a disorder, for which I fear,
there is no radical cure. I am much gratified by your earnest
solicitations for me to pay you a visit, and hope to accomplish so
desirable an event in the Fall. Independent of the happiness it
will afford me, I feel it a duty to make every exertion to comply
with the wishes of Parents, for whom I feel the highest respect,
and tenderest affection. Tet my pleasure will not be unaccom-
panied by pain ; as when I leave you, I shall probably bid you
adieu for ever. Many disagreeable, and some favorable circum-
stances, will, I imagine, fix me forever in England, upon my re-
turn to it ; while his Majesty's Bounty is continued to me, it is
necessary I Should reside in his Dominions.

life of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict AmolcL 466

It gives me great pleasure to hear of your prudent resolution
of not increasing your family ; as I can never do better than to
follow your example, I have determined upon the same plan ; and
when our Sisters have had five or six, we will likewise recom-
mend it to them.

The situation of my Brother's Affairs is a source of great un-
happiness to me, and the little Information we can obtain upon
the subject, much increases it. From a want of a thorough
knowledge of the abilities and intentions of the Company, Mr.
Goodrich's Agent may be pursuing the very measures most in-
jurious to the Interest of his Employer. If my dear Mr. Burd,
will add to the many obligations he has confer'd upon me, by
giving his advice upon the proper measures to pursue, I shall be
forever indebted to him. The loss will not eventually fall upon
Mr. Goodrich; but upon me, and my little ones. The three
eldest Boys have half pay for life, and in order to put my Chil-
dren more upon an equality with them, the General has prom-
ised, that as soon as that debt is recovered, he will purchase an
Annuity for them with part of it, and that the remainder shall
be settled upon me. You cannot wonder, my dear Sister, at my
anxiety upon this subject, as the fate of my Children depends
upon it. My Brother's feelings for his past conduct must be very
painf\il to him — ^I wish him no greater punishment.

Capt. Wright was so obliging as to forward your letters from
New York. The General joins me in affectionate regards to you
and Mr. Burd.

Yours most tenderly

M. A.

June 30th. [1788?]

As the time draws near when I hope to be blessed with the
society of my beloved Sister, I find my impatience increases — I
sometimes fear that it is impossible I shall ever be so happy as
to behold my dearest, tenderly beloved parents, and sisters, yet
as I have got the better of almost every obstacle to paying you
a visit, I ought to anticipate nothing but pleasure — I feel great
regret at the idea of leaving the General alone, and much per-
plexed with business, but as he strongly argues a measure, that
will be productive of so much happiness to me, I think there
can be no impropriety in taking the ship — I shall probably have
some few difficulties to encounter in the domestic line, but every

456 Ufe of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

concern of that kind shall give way — ^There is an excellent ves-
sel that sails between this place and New York, entirely fitted
up for the accommodation of passengers. — It is generally much
crowded, but to avoid that inconvenience, the Greneral proposes
taking the whole Cabbin for me, if it can be procured upon tol-
erable terms, in which case, it will be optional with me to admit
any other persons — I hope to have this some time in October.

I hope my dear Sister, that I shall not put Mamma to the
least additional trouble on my account ; it would distress me ex-
tremely if I did, in the present state of her health — I cannot
conveniently go without one Maid and Child, yet if that would
enlarge the family too much, I would make my arrangements dif-
ferently, and leave home only for a couple of months — I am sure
when I am with you, that Mamma wiU find that it is my wish
to lessen, not to add to the cares of her family — ^Pray let me
hear from you soon, I am extremely anxious about Mamma, the
account you gave me of her situation, has almost broken my
heart — She must suffer extremely from the loss of her limbs, as
she has been accustomed to so much exercise.

I did not when I began, intend writing more than ten lines,
as I have been unwell for two days past, with an extreme head-
ache and slight fever, and am still confined to my room — ^You
will perceive that my ideas are not very clear, but if you can de-
cypher my writing, and I have expressed myself to be under-
stood, it is all that is necessary — ^I am not writing to a Critic,
but to an indulgent, and beloved Sister —

Why do I not hear [from] Sister M — I never for an instant
doubt her affection, but pray tell her that she is a sad negligent
Correspondent.

A thousand loves to Mr. B. and the family, I wrote to Mamma
and Sister some 2 days ago, but was disappointed in sending my
letters.

Tours my tenderly beloved sister

with unceasing affection.

M. A.

August 14th, 1788.

St. John July 6th 1790.
How difficult is it to know what will contribute to our happi-
ness in this life ; I had hoped that by paying my beloved friends
a last visit, I should insure to myself some portion of it, but I
find it far otherwise. The affectionate attention of my friends

Life of Mcergaret Sfdppen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 457

has greatly increased my love for them, and of course my regret
at this cruel dreadfhl separation. I shall neyer forget my dear,
my beloved Sister, your tender and affectionate behaviour to me,
and that of my more than brother, Mr. Burd, who has endeared
himself extremely to me, and of whom I have as high an
opinion as it is possible for me to entertain of any human being.
For your dear Children, I feel an affection almost parental. I
have had the pleasure of receiving your long and charming
letter; pray never make an apology for writing such, as an un-
reserved communication of sentiment, is the only thing that can
alleviate the pain of separation. The little anecdotes of my
fHends and acquaintances, afford me great amusement, and I
feel interested in all their little love scenes. I am convinced
that Mrs. A. will never think seriously of Mr. Marsden, though
she may carry on a little flirtation with him. The all-conquer-
ing Miss A. had better accept of Mr. Phillips, as I believe he has
one of the best fortunes in New York, and as I have heard it
suspected that ambition is her reigniog passion, she will prob-
ably sacrifice her love to it. Indeed I think connecting herself
to our Cousin, to whom we supposed her affections were en-
gaged, would have been extremely imprudent.

I am sincerely grieved to hear of poor Mrs. Chew's misfor-
tune. I think she would be a real loss to her family.

The Influenza has raged here a second time, but not with that
violence that it has done with you ; it has not in one instance
here proved fatal. Our Summer Fogs are just setting in which
is in fact the only thing that denotes the season, as we have not
left of[f ] fires, and have never slept under less than two
blankets.

I cannot longer restrain my impatience to see my dear little
Boys ; we have sent for them home, and I expect them in a
fortnight. They have, I fear, suffered many hardships last
winter, the woman of the house, where they were boarded, was
too indolent to pay attention to them, and they were too young
to shift for themselves. I was highly gratified at my dear little
nephew's desire to write to me, as it was a strong proof of his
affection for me ; I shall answer his letter, and beg that he may
be permitted to correspond regularly with me. Pray tell my
little name-sake that letters from her will be very acceptable, as
it will make her remember me, and that I shall always love her
very sincerely.

458 laft of Margaret ShippeUj Wife of Benedict Arnold.

From the present appearance of things there is great reason
to apprehend a disappointment in our going home this Fall.
For my own part, I have given up every hope of going. There
has been a succession of disappointments and mortifications in
collecting our debts ever since my return home — but I will not
begin to relate grievances, but for a time endeavor to shake off
that gloom that has taken possession of me, and for which I
have too much cause.

If my Brother's circumstances are as easy at present as you
represent, I would not wish the Money made use of for him. It
will certainly be best to let him get what he can from Footman,
if at any future period he should be in distress, I will most
cheerfully contribute to his relief, without suffering myself to
consider how much we have lost by him. I could not enjoy
the comforts of life, whilst a Brother was wanting the neces-
saries.

I shall be much obliged to you, to purchase for me a piece (18
yards) of the best black India lute-string, or mantua— 4 pieces
of broad French Bibbon, such as was sold at 1 s. per yd., or two
dollars the piece — I wish for two pieces of pale blue, 1 piece of
white and one piece of Boyal Purple, or (barter blue. There is
a great difference in the quality of the Bibbons, at the same
price. Five hundred of best white chapel needles No. 5, 6, 8
each one hundred and two hundred of No. 7. One box of An-
derson's pills ; two bottles of good blue dye ; 2 boxes of Salt of
Lemon, for taking out Iron Mould. If any elegant India chintzes
are to be got, I should like two short or one long piece. But as
two Ships have arrived without any, I doubt your being able to
get any. In which case, if any very great bargains should offer
pray lay out the remainder of the money in them, or if any-
thing very new and elegant is to be bought that you think I
should like, pray purchase it for me, — I leave it intirely to you.

I wrote to you, my beloved Parent, about a fortnight ago ;
since which, I have been considering a part of your letter,
which mentions the great Interest to be got for Money in Phila-
delphia. You probably recollect my informing you, that we
had agreed to leave the product of my Pension untouched,
during our residence in St. John, for the purpose of buying an
Annuity for my Children: — ^We have ever since our arrival

Uft of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold. 459

here, been endeavoriBg to purchase well secured Annuities, with-
out success. Money was never so plenty as at present, which
makes the difficulty of laying it out to advantage, or procuring
a good Interest for it, very great. The Funds produce only 4
per cent ; and good Annuities (the lives being insured) will not
clear more than 6 per Cent, and are then attended with some
unavoidable hazards. I am extremely anxious to place the
little Money that we have reserved for my Children, to the
greatest advantage, in order to give them a good education,
which in this Country is attended with great expence ; and to
secure to them sufficient to keep them from want, should any
accident happen to us. Will you, my dear Sir, give me your
Advice and Assistance to effect this desirable end ? which would
take from me a load, which has long oppressed me. The great-
est part of our Income being dependent upon our lives, would
make our deaths severely felt by my Children; and untiU I
know, th&t in case of such an event, they would be secured
from Beggary and absolute Dependence, I cannot know tran-
quility. Having candidly stated the situation of things here, I
am induced to request your attention to placing a sum of
Money to advantage in Philadelphia. I have had some thought
of writing to Mr. Lea, to intreat him to take £1.000, and employ
it in some kind of business, for the advantage of my Children ;
but have felt deh'cate about requesting such a favor. You, my
dear Sir, can inform me whether such a request would be
prudent, and likely to be complied with. We are told that
great advantage may now be made of ready Money, with you.
If I recollect when I was in Philada. your Bank produced at
least seven per cent; and you thought the Money perfectly
secure. I cannot however pretend to point out to you, (who
are so competent to judge of the matter) the best way to place
Money ; but if you would have the goodness to undertake the
business for me and my Children, I would leave it entirely to
your management, and you would relieve a heart, anxiously and
tenderly solicitous for the fliture welfare of those so dear to it.

We understand that Bills are now at Par, should they continue
80, or rise, and you think it eligible for me to place Money in
Philadelphia, I beg you will have the goodness to draw upon me
for £2.000. Sterling ; or if you would prefer it, on Messrs. Dorset
& Co Bankers, New Bond Street, London ; you may depend on
the Bills being duly honored. Should there being an opening to

460 lAft of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

employ half, or indeed the whole of it to advantage in business,
and Mr. Lea could be prevailed on to take it, I should be happy
to have it put in his hands : — But as I before observed, I will
leave the direction of it entirely to you ; being convinced that
you will act for me, as you would for yourself: knowing of how
much consequence it is to make some little provision for my
Children.

I beg you will have the goodness to write as soon as possible
(by the Packet, or otherwise) after you have made up your
mind on the business ; as till we hear from you, we shall let the
Money remain in its present situation (in the Funds, in the name
of my Agent, for which / am credited on his Books) to be ready
to answer any Bills you may draw ; — and shall not avail our-
selves of any thing that may offer for otherwise disposing of it.

Should the public Papers of a few days back reach you, you
will observe a paragraph, mentioning that Grenl. A. is killed in a
Duel, with the Earl of Lauderdale. This was for some time so
generally believed, that our friends were flocking to the house,
to condole with, and make jne offers of service. This circum-
stance has given me a great deal of pain, as it has made known
to Genl. A. what I had hoped he would not hear; which was
that Lord Lauderdale had cast some reflections on his political
Character, in the House of Lords. I am not without strong
fears that he will think it necessary to demand an apology, and
resent being refused one. But this is a subject, upon which of
course, he is, to me silent ; and all that I can obtain from him,
are Assurances that he will do nothing rashly, and without the
advice of his friends. Tou may readily conceive that my situa-
tion must be a very unhappy one, till the Affair is settled ; but I
call all my fortitude to my aid, to prevent my sinking under it,
which would unman him and prevent his acting himself— I am
perfectly silent on the subject ; for weak Woman as I am, I would
not wish to prevent what would be deemed necessary to preserve
his honor. — Lord Lauderdale is at present out of town, but is
expected to return in a few days.

I beg my tender love to my dear Mamma, my Sisters and
their families. I shall write again by a Ship that is to sail to
Philada., the 1st of July, and hope to give you more pleasing
intelligence.

Believe me, my beloved Parent, ever most truly Tours.

M. Abnold.

lAft of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 461

I intended to have made this a single letter, but could not
effect it. The Genl. always wishes to be included in remem-
brance to the family.

HoLLiB Street, Cavendish Squabb, London.
Jane 26th, 1792.

Mr Beloved and Bespeotsd Parent;

The anxiety which my last letter must have occasioned, as 1
then mentioned the probability of a DueFs taking place between
the Earl of Lauderdale and General Arnold, I am happy now to
have it in my power to relieve; as the affair is settled most
honorably for the General, and his conduct upon the occasion
has gained him great applause. The circumstances that gave
rise to it you may wish to hear : Lord Lauderdale (who is violent
in the opposition, and was the only man in the House of Lords
who voted against an address of thanks to the King, upon a late
proclamation), in an attack upon the Duke of Bichmond, re-
specting the Beform in Parliament, is said to have used the fol-
lowing expressions: ^^That he did not know any instance of
Political Apostacy equal to the Duke of Eichmond's, except
General Arnold's," and that *Hhe intended Encampment was
designed to overawe the inhabitants of the Kingdom, and the
Metropolis in particular; and prevent a Beform in Parliament,
that the Duke of Bichmond was the most proper person he
knew of to command it. General Arnold first struck off the list."

Upon the Generars demanding an apology for this unprovoked
attack upon his character, his Lordship positively denied having
made use of the last expression, or any similar to it ; the first he
acknowledged, and made a kind of apology for it ; but it not
satisfying the General, he drew up such a one as he would
accept, which his Lordship refVised to sign.

Lord Hawke (who is a most respectable Peer, and our par-
ticular friend) voluntarily offered his services upon the occasion :
and as the matter could not be amicably settled, his Lordship
waited upon Lord Lauderdale, and a place was named for a
meeting. The time appointed was seven o'clock on Sunday
morning last — Mr. Charles Fox, as second to Lord Lauderdale ;
Lord Hawke, the General's. It was agreed that they should
fire at the same time, upon a word given, which the General

462 Uift of Margaret Shippm, Wife of Benedict Arnold.

did, without effect. Lord L. refhsed to fire, saying he had no
enmity to Greneral Arnold. He at the same time refhsed making
an apology, and said the Greneral might fire again, if he chose.
This was impossible, but the Greneral desired Lord Hawke to
tell Mr. Fox, that he would not leave the field without satisfiio-
tion; and that if Lord Lauderdale persisted in his reftisal of
giving it to him, either by an apology or firing again, that he
should be under the necessity of using such expressions to him,
as would oblige him to do the latter. Upon this, the seconds
had a conference, during which time Lord Lauderdale and the
General met ; when he told his Lordship that he did not come
there to convince the world that he dare fight, but for satisfac-
tion for the injury done his character ; and that he certainly
would not quit the field without it. After a consultation be-
tween Lord L. & Mr. Fox, his Lordship came forward, and said
that he had no enmity to General Arnold — ^that he did not mean
to asperse his character or wound his feelings, and was sorry for
what he had said. General A. said he was perfectly satisfied
with this apology, provided the seconds, as men of honor, de-
clared he ought to be so, which they, without hesitation, did.
Before they left the ground, Lord Lauderdale expressed great
concern at finding that I had been made unhappy, and begged
leave to wait upon me, to make an apology. A variety of cir-
cumstances combined to make me acquainted with the whole
transaction ; what I suffered for near a week is not to be de-
scribed ; the suppression of my feelings, lest I should unman the
General, almost at last proved too much for me ; and for some
hours, my reason was dispaired of. I was confined to my bed
for some days after, but am now so much better that I shall go
out an airing this afternoon. It has been highly gratifying to
find the GeneraFs conduct so much applauded, which it has been
universally, and particularly by a number of the first characters
in the Kingdom, who have called upon him in consequence of it.
Nor am I displeased at the great commendations bestowed on my
own conduct upon this trying occasion. I wrote you a long letter
about ten days ago, upon the subject of the little money that has
been received as a provision for my children, which letter I hope
you will receive safe. I intended sending a duplicate, but am
not at present equal to copying it. I mentioned that we could
not, in the Funds, get above 4 per cent for money, and by an-
nuities, insured, not more than 6 per cent ; expressed the great

lAfe of Margaret ShippeUy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 468

anxiety I should feel until something was secured to my chil-
dren, as the greatest part of our Income depended upon our
lives : (Ah t how lately has one of them been endangered) and
entreated your advice and assistance in the disposal of it to ad-
vantage. I suggested a wish that Mr. Lea would employ a
small sum in business for the advantage of my children, but left
the matter entirely to your discretion, and begged that if you
were of opinion that it would be better to place the money in
Philadelphia, and that it would there produce a good Interest,
and be safe, that you would have the goodness to undertake the
business for me, — and authorized you to draw upon me, if Bills
were at or above Par, on Messrs. Dorset & Co. Bankers, New
Bond Street, for £2.000. sterling. I shall impatiently wait your
answer, my beloved Papa, as we shall not think of disposing of
the money otherways till then. The honorable and advantageous
Peace made by Lord Comwallis in the Bast Indies, has afforded
great pleasure to all loyal subjects here. Many people look for-
ward with dread to the 14th of July, as they are fearfUl of Riots
on that day, but I sincerely hope it is without cause. — I beg to
be most affectionately remembered to all the family, in which
the General begs leave to join.

Believe me, my dearly beloved Parent,

Most truly Yours,

M. Abnold.
[July 6, 1792.]

Extract of a Letter from Mrs. Arnold to Richard Arnold^ dated
July 28y 1798.

You request my dear Bichard, my influence with your father
to induce him to consent to your marrying. With respect to
him, I must beg not to interfere ; — but give me leave, as a iHend
interested for your happiness, to offer you my advice. I should
by no means wish you to give up a young lady to whom your
love and honor are engaged, and who, from every thing I can
hear, is worthy of your affection. But by the love you bear
her, let me admonish you not to marry her till you are enabled
to support her in a comfortable style. How many people are
there who are for years engaged, while prudence forbids an union,
who afterwards come together, and are happier for their self-
denial, till fortune smiled upon them. You are particularly for-

464 lAfe of Margaret Shxppen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

tunate in not being severed from the object of your affections ;
you can enjoy her society, and your desire to unite yourself to
her will stimulate your industry.

By precipitating yourself into matrimony till you are estab-
lished in business, you would probably render yourself and the
object of your regards miserable; — but by your exertions, a
short time may make a material change in your affairs, and you
will then be enabled to marry her, with a prospect of happiness,
and with the approbation of your fHends.

Extract of a Letter from Mrs. Arnold to Eichard Arnold^ dated
August^ 179J^.

I am now in a state of most extreme misery, fVom the report
of your Father's being a prisoner to the French at Point-a-Peter,
Guadaloupe. It is contradicted by some gentlemen lately fVom
St. Kitts, but your Father's last letter to me, being of the first
of June, wherein he says he shall set-off the next day for Point-
a-Peter, makes it but too probable, as the French took posses-
sion of that Place the 4th of June. We are in hourly expecta-
tion of its recapture, till I hear of which I shall not koow a
moment's peace of mind. ... I suppose my dear Henry is long
ere this in the West Indies ; I scarcely know whether or not to
wish it, as, though I think his prospects in going very good, yet
the fever that rages there proves so fatal to young people, that
I dread his falling a victim to it. . . .

We have not heard fVom poor Ben for a long time past, and
have reason to fear he is a prisoner, as about 6,000 English are
now in that situation in France, and those who previous to the
war resided there ; have been told they are very well treated,
but I think I have now got things in a train to get certain in-
formation of him, and to flirnish him with money.

Should you wish to forward me your certificate and draw for
your half-pay, I will attend to your business.

Edward, James and George are all at school, and coming on
very well ; they and Sophia send their tender love to you. The
latter is remarkably handsome, and promises to make a very
fine woman.

Life of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 466

London Qubxn Ann St. E.
May 2nd, 1796
Mt dbab Sir,

I am sorry to return the bill, drawn by Peter Blight Jany
15th on Isaac Blight, Protested, as it occasions you trouble. I
shall send this by the Packet, but if I find any girl about to sail
for Philadelphia immediately, I shall send the Bill, Protest, &c.
by her. —

I am now pursuing your plan of abstinence, which is the only
one recommended to me by an eminent Physician, whom I have
consulted. He orders me to eat not one half of my usual quan-
tity of food, and to lessen my drink in the same proportion.
The quality of the food he thinks it unnecessary to attend to,
the quantity only being material. — I am to take no kind of
medicine, and never fatigue myself with exercise. — ^Follow-
ing these instructions he warrants a cure. Nobody to look
at me, could suppose I wanted the advice of Medical people,
as my appearance indicates the most florid health, indeed I
possess it to a great degree, and when I do not attempt walk-
ing am perfectly well, this exercise occasions my limbs, and
indeed my whole body, to swell, and causes a general fullness.
— ^My appetite is uncommonly good, and my digestion such,
that I never find any quantity or quality of food disagree
with me.

I am sorry to find you still affected with your headaches. A
draught of water, as hot as it can be swallowed, has a surprizing
good effect, after eating too freely, and my Medical fHend says
he has no doubt but that you would find it wonderfully effica-
cious. It is meant to wash, not empty the stomach, and
strengthens, instead of weakening it. — It is not unpleasant, and
I know a Gentleman who has cured himself of a violent billions
complaint by the daily use of it. — ^I am extremely impatient for
the arrival of your picture, which I hope is on its way. You
could not have bestowed upon me a more valued gift. — ^Bepining
is useless, but it is surely a hard lot to be so separated from all
my relations : do not suffer absence to weaken your affection for
me, and believe that though fate has deprived me of the happi-
ness of contributing to the comfort of your latter days, I could
sacrifice almost my life to render them easy, and free from care
and pain. — Have the goodness to remember me most affection-
ately to my dear sisters and their families in which mine beg to
VOL. XXV. — 30

466 lift of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict AmoUL

join, with respectftd regards to yourself. — ^With the wannest
sentiment of duty and affection, believe me, my beloved
Parent,

ever Tours

M. A.

I cannot express to you, my dear Sir, the high gratification
you have afforded me, by your goodness in sending to me your
valuable picture ; the sight of it occasioned sensations I never
before experienced ; and though I scarcely had it out of my
hand the whole of the day I received it, I could not rest with-
out getting up twice in the night to look at it. After this I need
not say that I see a strong likeness, but I wish it was a more
favorable one, the eyes, particularly the right one, are very bad,
and the heavy brow very unlike yours. I have been advised to
have the eyes altered, but shall not trust it out of my posses-
sion. And as I see a strong resemblance, when I cover the eyes,
it is invaluable to me.

I hope you have long ere this received Blight's Bill and Pro-
test, which I sent by the Ceres, bound to Philadelphia. I am
very sorry that you should have so much trouble, but hope that
you will have no difficulty in recovering it. I shall be much
obliged to you for another Eemittance, as soon as it is convenient
to you, as I assure you we find it difficult to bring the year
about, at the present extravagant rates of every article of life.
Every thing has risen in proportion to Bread and Meat; all
Schools have increased their price accordingly, and in short a
thousand a year is not equal to six hundred a little time ago. I
am almost sick of the struggle to keep up an appearance, which
however is absolutely necessary, in this Country, to bring for-
ward a young family.

Mr. Foster very obligingly delivered himself, your letter and
picture ; be appears to me to be a sensible, pleasant man, though
his manners are not highly polished. I should be sorry that my
dear Sister Lea should ever alter her state, as I think her society
a great acquisition to you, and Matrimony is but a Lottery. I
am happy to find that you propose moving into your old house,
where you will find yourself more at home, than you can ever
do in any other. I will not touch upon politics, as it is your
wish that I should avoid the subject, when writing to you.

IJft of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold. 467

My family are all well, and desire to unite with me in every
expression of affection and duty to you.

Believe me, my dear Sir, Tours most truly.

M. A.
Nkw Babk, CmowiLB Ebssx.
July 29ih 1796.

London, Glougbbtbb Placs, l£ay 20, 1797.

Under the pressure of bodily and mental suffering, I have long
but in vain looked for the solace of a letter from my beloved and
respected Parent. Tour last was dated in July '96, which I an-
swered very fUUy by the October packet and repeated the most
material contents in several subsequent letters. As every senti-
ment of mine towards you must ever be dictated by the most
ardent affection, I cannot believe that I have given you any
cause of displeasure, and fear that illness or misfortune have
occasioned your silence.

I informed you, my dear Sir, that I was then laboring under
the effects of a violent attack in my head, that had nearly proved
&tal; every precaution has been used to prevent a return of it,
and the remedies, though violent, have been successful, as I think
myself materially better: But have had a series of illness in my
fetmily for many months past ; we are now all tolerably well.

Nothing can be so gloomy as the present state of our public
afGairs. I look forward to a Eevolution in this Country, and
consequently a deprivation of our support frx>m Government.
Hy spirits are much broken, and I think I could be contented in
a very humble retired situation ; but to see my Children's rising
prospects blasted, would fill me with the keenest anguish. I
sincerely wish that America may not be involved in a War with
France ; it is here thought inevitable, but I trust much to the
moderation and good sense that has been so often evinced in your
councils.

I am sorry to hear Nancy Allen so severely censured by those
who come over, and write from America. I hope the accounts
are exaggerated, otherwise her character is entirely destroyed.
Her connections here are very violent in their condemnation of

her ; but say the fault originated with Aunt L I understand

that much pains have been taken, to gain your sanction.

468 Life of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Jiine2iicL
Since writing the above I have had the pleasure of receiving
your welcome favor of April 6th, with a Bill for £140, which I
believe is accepted. I am greatly disappointed at being obliged
to relinquish the hopes I had formed, of having my Brother's
debt compromised, which it is our wish should be done, in any way
you think proper, I will not however, my dear Sir, urge you
upon a subject that is painfhl to you ; nor whatever my own diffi-
culties may be, will I involve my Brother in distress ; for whose
sake as well as my own I was anxious to have the Bond can-
celled. While GenL A. and myself live, we have the power of
acting with lenity ; but should any accident happen to him, the
settlement of his affairs might fall into hands lees disposed to
forbearance.

I was yesterday gratified by the sight of the Cup & Cover and
Stand that was given to the famous Member of Parliament of
our name in the reign of George the 1st. I heard of its being
at a Silver Smiths, and hoped it might be for sale ; in which case,
I should have endeavored to have obtained it, in exchange for
some of my most useless plate, and have presented it to you, to
whom it would have been valuable. I find however that it was
sent by Col. Labourne to be re-gilt, who values it highly. It
is very handsome ; the inscription *' A Legacy fVom the Duke
of Buckingham k Normandy to the worthy Mr. Shippen." Its
weight 160 oz.

I have just received a duplicate of yours of 6th April. Our
political affairs have now arrived at a crisis. The Mutineers at
the Nore have got the entire command, and the Bed Flag ot
Defiance is now displayed on board of twenty-two Ships of the
Line, and smaller armed ships there. Government are at length
determined to use severe measures, and I think a few days will
determine the fate of this Country. Tou must suppose it is a
moment of the most anxious solicitude to me. Be so good as to
present our affectionate love to all the family, and believe me,
my beloved Parent;

most truly Tours,
M. Abnold.

Your letter, my beloved Parent of Dec. 30th [1799] has af-
forded me more real happiness, than any I have ever received
firom you. I sincerely rejoice to find that you have conquered

lAft of Margaret Shippen^ W\fe of Benedict Arnold. 469

those complaints in your head which were not only troablesome
but dangerous. May Heaven long preserve a life so truly valu-
able. I am glad to find that you are appointed to fill so honour^
able a situation and think there is very little reason to apprehend
any failure of intellect, to incapacitate you from long continuing
in it. I am sorry I suggested the idea, so late, of making a little
advantage of the low price of Bills, but I less regret it, as I
feared from your former letter that you did not quite approve of
the plan. I mean at all events to preserve that Money sacredly
for my Children, and should be glad to avail myself of any op-
portunity of increasing it, and trust that you will embrace any
plan that you think eligible for that purpose. In the mean time,
I highly approve of your idea of getting in all the Money that
remains in private hands, and investing it in some stock ; not
only as it produces a better Interest, but as it will afford you the
power of availing yourself of any opportunity of turning the
Money to advantage. I am glad to hear that my dear Sister is
likely to settle her daughter so much to her satisfiEtction ; the
young couple have my sincere wishes for their happiness. I
shall write to my dear Niece soon ; but regret my inability to
make her such a Bridal present, as would be gratifying to my
feelings.

I am about experiencing a very severe trial, in the separation
from my beloved Bdward who goes this Spring to India, in the
Bngineer line ; which, next to a Writersbip is the beet ; the lat-
ter required more money than we could spare. He will go with
Lord Comwallis's interest and patronage; which will I trust
insure his success. James is very eligibly situated at Gibraltar.
His pecuniary advantages are nearly equal to a Captain's in the
line, and we are assured that no young Officer ever received such
attentions as he has done there ; he is a great favorite of Cren-
eral O'Hara's, the Governor, and General & Mrs. Grinfield who
are there, are our particular friends. — I feel myself, my dear Sir,
particularly blessed in my Children ; and can with truth assure
you, that neither of these young men have ever given me a
moment's uneasiness, from, any misconduct of any kind. My
dear Girl is better than she has been ; nothing but the most un-
remitting attention has saved her life ; I trust a continuance of
it will restore her to health.

The Bill for £150 I received in September, it was duly paid, —
of which I wrote immediately to inform you.

470 Lift of Margaret Shippeny Wife of Benedict AmoUL

I am sincerely sorry to hear of the death of General Wash-
ingtoD. I admired his public, and revered his private Character.
I fear that America will sustain an irreparable loss in him, as he
appeared to possess the happy talent of uniting all Parties.

I shall be much obliged to you to inform me, whether the
lands on the Biver Susquehanna will be eventually holden under
the Pennsylvania or Connecticut Grant, and what you suppose
to be their value.

I shall write to my Sister soon ; my head which is too fbll of
blood, will not admit of my writing more than one letter at a
time.

All my family beg to unite with me in respectfiil and affeoo
tionate regards to you, and love to all the fkmily. Believe me
my beloved Parent, most tenderly and truly Yours.

M. A.

GLoucmriB Placb. Lomdoh.
Feby. 5th [1800.]

Letter from Mrs. Arnold to Mrs, Burd, dated May 10^ 1800.

Wholly engrossed in my own cares, I fear my beloved firiends
that I have been too negligent in not writing to you. The heavy
hand of affliction has been upon me, and has most severely
wounded me, by the alarming situation of my Dear Girl ; whose
health we had hoped was much improving, when about ten
weeks ago she was seised with a kind of Paralytic stroke, which
deprived her of the use of her legs, and extended up her back.
After some severe remedies of Blistering &c., she was in a degree
restored to the use of her limbs, but one leg still remains with-
out any sense of feeling ; — after trying every means to restore
it, the medical men ordered her to the sea, for the purpose of
using the warm sea bath. My much loved friends, the Misses
Fitch, having lately lost their Father and mother, (whose death
beds I attended and soothed their dying moments) finding a
change of scene necessary to them, have taken a house at
Brighton, for the purpose of taking my dear girl with them, feel-
ing for her an almost parental affection. She is still with her
Gk>vemess there, and though much better able to walk, ijtill finds
the numbness continue. I dread another attack which might
prove fatal.

Life of Margaret Shippeny Wife of Benedict ArmUL 471

My darling Edward leaves me in aboat ten days, to try his
fortune in the East. His death could scarcely be a more severe
stroke.

My little dear James has been selected in a very flattering
manner from his brother officers at Gibi*altar to go upon the
service of the march of Malta. The high compliments paid him
upon the occasion and his own anxiety to go, in some degree
reconcile me to it ; but a tender mother's fears are all alive.

I sincerely congratulate you my dear Sister B. upon your
daughter's marriage ; May every blessing attend her.

I am anxious to hear from you all, not having bad that
pleasure since December.

May20ih.

Not knowing of an opportunity of sending my letter to my
beloved fHends, I have left it unfinished ; one now offering by
the Factor to New York, I embrace it, though I am not very
equal to the task of writing at present.

My dear Edward's baggage is on board and a day or two must
separate us probably forever. He is one of the most excellent of
human beings, and has never from any misconduct given me one
moment's uneasiness. Think then what I must suffer at losing
him ; but I trust, though I must suffer, he will be the gainer, as
he goes out under many advantages, having Lord Comwallis's
and other good interest.

My dear James from whom I had letters yesterday was just
embarking upon the expedition against Malta, as second in com-
mand in the Engineers, selected from several elder officers. It
is thought a great thing for him. He is a great military genius
and I have no doubt will acquit himself well.

My dear girl is still at the sea, which in point of health has
been of great use to her, but she has still no feeling in one leg.

I am very anxious foi* letters frt>m you and most sincerely
hope that your silence does not proceed from as an unpleasant a
cause as mine.

The price of every article here is enormous ; Meat 1 shilling
Sterling per lb. Bread 4d. do. Butter Is. 3d. ditto, Potatoes 2d.,
and every thing else in proportion. Should the present season
prove un&vorable, we shall have a famine.

I was very sorry to hear of General Washington's Death;
nobody in America could revere his character more than I
did.

472 lift of Margaret ^appen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

With our moBt afTeotionate regard to all the fiimily, believe me
my beloved ftriends ever yours.

LoNDOH June 29th, 1801
Dear Sir,

It is the request of my tenderly beloved friend, your deeply
afflicted daughter, that I should inform you of the melancholy
change which has taken place in her situation by the death of
her ever dear k sorrowed husband — G«n*l Arnold died on the
14th instant at half past six in the morning — you probably will
have heard before this reaches you — ^that his health had been in
a declining state for several months — ^but the danger which
awaited him, his poor wife was not fuUy aware of— from the
flattering assurance constantly given her-— by the Physician who
attended that He saw no cause for apprehension, for a week be-
fore he died, he was extremely ill — His complaints (supposed to
be occasioned by repeated Gout) were a tendency to a general
Dropsy, and a disease in the Lungs — I think you are not a
stranger to my name, as the strongest attachment has subsisted
between your estimable daughter and my fitmily for many
years — ^it may therefore be a satisfaction to you to know that
my sister & myself were with Mrs. Arnold when her husband
expired — ^that we shall not be separated from her for sometime—
and that there are not any attentions which friendship & affec-
tion can suggest to sooth & soften her sorrows, which shall be
omitted — so far as lies within the compass of our abilities — She
evinces upon this occasion — as you know she has done upon
many trying ones before— that fortitude & resignation, which in
a superior & well regulated mind otUy is capable of existing —
Her health will I hope be preserved from suffering lasting injury
by going as is her intention to a quiet retired situation in the
country — as soon as our Loved friends remains are consigned to
their last mansion.

Her Sophia and son (George are already there— the former I
am happy to say is at present in very good health — ^with a pros-
pect of its being permanent — ^if this sad stroke does not destroy
it — ^When removed to the calm serenity of the country — ^1 hope
it will not be long before my beloved Mrs. Arnold will acquire
sufficient improvement to write to you herself.

lAfe of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 478

Hy Bisters and my particular Begards to you and your
family,

I remain Dear Sir

With esteem and respect
Ann Fitoh

No letters have yet been received from Mr. Arnold fix>m India
—or any accounts from Mr. J. Arnold since Mrs. Arnold wrote
to you — ^the little William is quite well.

London, Gloucbbteb Place.
Aug IMi, 1801

As I have ever had reason to believe my dear Mr. Burd that
you felt a sincere afTection for me, though circumstances did not
admit of your giving fr*equent opportunities of evincing it, I
feel myself encouraged to call upon you as a friend, in my present
unhappy situation. — In addition to the loss of a Husband whose
affection for me was unbounded, I have to deplore being left in
very embarrassed circumstances, with a little dependant family.
—The last unfortunate speculation entered into of fitting out a
privateer, has involved us in many difficulties ; and there is every
reason to fear, that the property here will be insufficient to pay
the Debts ; — ^Upon my Brother^s Debt therefore I must greatly
depend for the means of getting forward my Children, which in
this Country cannot be done without money. — It will even
amount to upwards of four thousand pounds sterling. Although
even the interest has heretofore been most usually withheld, I
cannot suppose but that my present unhappy situation will be
taken into consideration, upon this occasion. — Have the good-
ness, my dear Mr. Burd, to tell me candidly what dependence I
may reasonably place upon this resource.

From the situation of affairs, many of the accounts relative
to the Vessel are not yet come from Portugal, it is impossible to
ascertain the debts, which I fear will prove so great, as to oblige
me to give in upon both, an account of money due to the Estate.
— ^My Brother's Debt must of course be included. — I suppose he
will find means, as he has heretofore done, of making the pay-
ment, and in this case, unless relieved by my dear Father's jus-
tice I fear my family must be the sufferers. — Let me entreat you
to give me your advice upon the painAil occasion. — ^I never stood

474 lAft of MargoTtt Shippertj Wife of Benedict Arnold.

so much in need of support, — and never felt myself so helpless.
— Mj health is impaired by long anxiety of mind, and Joss of
rest, and my former strength of mind, and energy have entirely
forsaken me, and indeed I sometimes fear that my reason will
give way. — My sufferings are not of the present moment only, —
Years of unhappiness have past, I had east my lot, complaints
were imavailing, and you and my other friends, are ignorant of
the many causes of uneasiness I have had. — ^My situation is now
changed, in a pecuniary point of view, most unfavorably, but as
my ambition has sunk with my fortune, I would, were it not for
my Children, sink into total obscurity, upon the bare necessaries
of life. — ^But the duty I owe to them calls upon me for exertion,
I have met with much kindness here, and I trust that those dear
relations, upon whom I have a stronger claim, will not be back-
ward in affording me all the consolation in their power. — It is
for your advice and assistance in this important business of my
Brothers, only that I apply to you. — You are, 1 am aware, deli-
cately situated between us, but upon your well known justice I
rely, and I trust I may also place some dependance upon your
affection. — ^Mine for you has been unshaken. —

Pray remember me most tenderly to my beloved Sisters and
your family, and believe me most sincerely

Your affectionate & afflicted

M. Abnold

Letter from Mrs. Arnold to her Father^ Fall of 1801.

A great press of business this week leaves me but little leisure
for letter writing ; yet desirous of availing myself of this oppor-
tunity by this packet, I trust my beloved Parent, and very dear
Sisters will excuse my addressing them all in one letter. I feel
extreme solicitude respecting you, from the accounts we have
of this dreadful malady the Yellow Fever, having again assailed
your City ; — God grant that they may be exaggerated, and that
you maybe far removed from the scene of danger. The kindness
of Mr. Bond and Mr. Coxe, in fiirnishing us with the power of
writing by the Packet, without trouble or expense, let me
entreat some one of the family to avail themselves of it
monthly, if it is only by writing a few lines ; the short sentence
<'we are well," would afford me gratification. My returning
health & serenity of mind will I am sure my beloved friends,

lAft of Margaret ShippeUj Wife of Benedict Arnold. 476

be a source of great comfort to you, and would have been more
so, had you witnessed my late sufferings. It would be impos-
sible for me to describe them & the more so, as I am convinced
my reason was affected. I look back with thankMness for my
preservation; — a preservation from worse than death. — But in-
deed death itself had nearly been the consequence of the de-
spairing state to which I was reduced ; for at one period, when
I viewed everything through a false medium, I fancied that
nothing but the sacrifice of my life would benefit my children,
for that my wretchedness embittered every moment of their
lives ; and dreadfUl to say, I was many times on the point of
making the sacrifice. Nothing more strongly proves to myself
the deprivation of my reason ; for situated as they are my life
is most valuable to them, as the remainder of my days will be
devoted to them & their advancement & welfare. My present
feelings are not wholly unattended with danger, as I have fre-
quently in the course of every day a confusion in my head re-
sembling what I can suppose would be the sensations of any-
body extremely drunk, and very desirous of concealing their
situation. The contrary opinions of medical men of eminence
to whom I have applied, are extremely unsatisfactory, and
harassing to me, some say that my past complaints & present
feelings proceed frx>m frillness, particularly of the vessels of the
head ; others that they are wholly nervous, occasioned by the
long loss of rest, anxiety of mind; the irreparable loss of a most
tender and affectionate husband, and the total change of my cir-
cumstances, and mode of living. Under the divided opinions
of the fiEtculty I have nothing left but the exercise of my own
judgment, which leads me to observe the medium between fhll
& very low living, to keep regular & early hours, to mix with
cheerfril & rational society, to make the best of my little income,
and to be thankfril for the blessings yet left me ; among the
greatest of which is the uncommon excellence of my Children :
the partiality natural to a Parent may lead you to suppose that
mine influences me in my favorable opinion of them ; but when
I assert that two of my Sons have arrived at the age of man-
hood, without having by any misconduct, given me an hour's
uneasiness ; and that my third Son is exactly treading in their
steps, you will not think it a vain boast, when I do justice to
their worth. And my dear girl is, in point of disposition, tem-
per, rectitude of conduct, & goodness, all that a fond Mother

476 lAft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

can wish her, with a pleasing person^ and cultivated and well
regulated mind.

I have many firiends whom adversity has tried and proved ;
and I trust that my Character is so firmly established, that not-
withstanding the great change in my situation, I shall not lose
my rank in society, except among the gay and very £Ewhionable
part of my acquaintance, to whose pleasures I cannot admin-
ister, and with Characters of this description I have no longer a
wish to associate.

London, Bbtanbton Stbekt.
June 2nd, 1802

How shall I, my beloved and respected Parent, thank you for
your goodness to me? I have been for these few months in a

most wretched state, owing to a complaint, which they call >

but which has appeared to be one of a much more serious
nature, I am now getting better, and great hopes are given me
that I shall get quite well. — ^To tell you, my dear Sir, the differ-
ent forms my complaint has taken, would be impossible, some-
times I have been in the deepest distress, and sometimes in a
state of irritation not to be described, at present I am neither
one or the other, but have a total loss of memory, as far as re-
lates to present occurrences, and I cannot connect things, or
make any arrangements. — ^This is certainly a state of great
hazard, particularly having so much responsibility upon me, — ^but
I hope I shall soon be better if I am able to get into the Coun-
try, which I trust your liberality will justify me in doing with
prudence. — I have been obliged lately many times to quit town
for a short time and I believe it was of use to me. — I know
every thing depends upon my keeping up, and as far as in my
own power, I shall certainly make the exertion to do so. — I
have not for some months past, my dear Sir, been able to do
business, my friends, particularly Mr. Coxe have made great
exertions for me, but it has, I am convinced, suffered very much,
but this cannot be helped, it has pleased the Almighty to visit
me with an affliction most severe. — Should it be His pleasure to
restore me, my gratitude to Him will be unbounded. —

The Bill to Miss F. has been received. I do not know for
what purpose I wished it sent to me, but believe I requested it

lAft of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict AmdcL 477

when I did not very well know what I did. — Your kind present
also has been received, for which I am tmly grateftd. — ^You need
not, my dear Sir, fear that my Sons will occasion me any un-
necessary expense ; they are both of them excellent and have
long since given up their Pensions for the use of the younger
branches of the family. — ^Miss Fitch has received a letter from
my darling Edward, saying that he has just received a News-
paper account of the loss he has sustained, that he knows
not how his Father ha? disposed of his property, but that if he
left him anything, he begs her, in his name, to relinquish it for
the benefit of his Mother and family. — ^Poor fellow he knows
not the distressed circumstances in which his father died. — ^He
adds that he shall henceforth consider William as his own, and
provide for him. — God grant that he may have the means. —
James is equally good and noble; indeed I am much blessed
in my children. — Mj dear Girl continues extremely delicate, and
her constitution has suffered a great shock from the loss she has
sustained and the situation in which I have been, but should it
please God to restore me wholly I trust she will recover. — I
have got into a small, but very neat house, where I trust on a
fiiture day I may be comfortable.

I shall write soon to my beloved Sisters, whose affectionate
letters I have received. — My Sister Burd's of March 22nd is the
first line I have had from her since my misfortune, the one she
mentions fr*om Mr. Burd has never come to hand, which is very
unfortunate, for should it become necessary to account to his
Creditors, for my not taking steps to recover my Brother's debt,
his letter might have been my justification.

I cannot, my dear Sir, form any plans for my fUture residence
till I see how this business will terminate, if I could quit Lon-
don I should prefer going to some Country town, but perhaps
to get my boys forward my presence here may be necessary. —
But you may be assured my beloved Parent that I will take no
measures that are not directed by Prudence. — Some weeks ago
I was not able to write even a common note, now I can do it
without difELculty, for many months past I have been unable to
read and now cannot connect two sentences, but I flatter myself
that I shall again acquire it, — with my memory. And now my
beloved and respected Parent, may the Blessings of Heaven
attend you alL

M. A.

478 LAft of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Letter from James B. Arnold to Mrs, Arnold,

NoBTH SmsLDS, June 30 1802.

I return my most hearty thankB to the Almighty, my tenderly
beloved Mother, for the fitir prospect there seems to be of your
perfect recovery. Nothing on earth could afford me such real
happiness. I hope to hear that Dr. Yaughan has recommended
change of air, and that you propose passing the summer out of
Town. Miss Fitch mentions having recommended a voyage to
Tinmouth — ^The Voyage, I believe would be of very great ser-
vice; but the place, I can by no means recommend. It cer-
tainly is near the sea, & you may bathe, but there is literaUy no
other amusement. There are no rooms, no raffles, not at this
time of the year are there any plays or assemblies. The people
who come here to bathe are mostly from Newcastle ; k being in
trade, have of course very little time to spare ; they do not as-
sociate with the Military; indeed from the specimens I have
seen of them, I feel by no means anxious for their acquaint-
ance. The parties that come only remain a few weeks, & are
then relieved. I believe I could provide very genteel accom-
modations for you, but I think the description is quite suffi-
cient.

Pray, my dearest Mother, do not distress me by again men-
tioning drawing upon you. At least let me try if I cannot live
upon my pay. Provisions are tolerably cheap in this part of
the world, & there really are no inducements to be extravagant.
You already have my promise to ask for your assistance if I
want it ; but I beg you will not press me to this measure, tiU it
is really necessary.

I have taken a very genteel lodging here, I am about a mile
from Tinmouth, to which this situation is far preferable. At
this time of the year, lodgings are a vast deal dearer than in
the winter, owing to the great demand by bathers. I pay 12s.
6d. a week — for which I have two very good rooms, & bed &
table linen found me. This is thought, for the season very
cheap. If I am here when the season is over, I am to have
them for half a guinea, but I shall then most probably live in
Tinmouth where I shall be able to get rooms for 7 or 8 Shillings.
Now, they are dearer in Tinmouth than they are here, as that is
nearer the bathing place.

I expect Major Hockings here tomorrow, & when he comes

lAft of Margaret ShippeUy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 479

we shall be very busy. There is a large Storehouse in Timnouth
to which we are going to make a very considerable addition &
there are also some little things to be done on the coast, which
I fancy it will fall to my lot to execute ; in this case I shall hare
some little travelling, which at this time of the year will be
pleasant; & as the Board makes an allowance upon these occa-
sions, it will be no material extra expence.

Miss Fitch tells me that the Swedish Capt. has arrived & has
commenced an action. I rejoice, however my dearest Mother,
to find that this has not had the effect upon you which it would
have had a short time ago ; & that you are determined to bear
with fortitude whatever may occur. Continue my beloved
Mother, in this resolution, & remember that in a very few years
all earthly events will be of no avail. But for the sake of the
family, I trust things will yet turn out favorably ; & that we
shall all pass many happy days together. Bemember me most
kindly to Mr. Coxe & fetmily. At present I have nothing to
trouble him with, but in the event of there being any prize
money I shall perhaps request his assistance. I long to hear
that you have got rid of your colds & left London.

Tho' the weather has been bad it is now extremely fine. I
find the bathing extremely cold after the Mediterranean, but it
is very pleasant. The accommodations for the ladies are exces-
sively bad. I certainly shall not ask leave to come to Town
unless it should be necessary, particularly as there is some
chance of your leaving it. Pray do so if circumstances will
permit ; you have no idea how happy it would make me, k I
am sure it would do you all a vast deal of service. How are
poor little Liss & dear Sophia? give them a thousand kisses
for me. George, I suppose will soon be with you for the holi-
days. I am extremely anxious to have something fixed upon
for him. I am delighted with the pleasant accounts from
worthy Edward. I believe India is the country to grow fat in.
I shall give Sophia an epistle very shortly. Adieu, my tenderly
beloved Mother. God Almighty bless you all, most sincerely
prays your most dutiful & affectionate Son.

J. Abnold.

I have not been able to find a house for our friends. This
part of the Country is not very favorable for that purpose.
But I have ordered some inquiries, tho' yet without success.

480 lAft of Margaret Shippen^ W^e of Benedict Arnold.

Letter from Mrs. Arnold to her Father.

I have passed much of my time for the last twelve months
with different friends in different parts of the Country; this
change of scene has contributed more than any other thing to
the restoration of my health and spirits; and has given me an
opportunity of forming some judgment for the regulation of my
fiiture residence.

The Country in England with a certain Establishment is de-
lightftil ; but to go into it with a confined Income, unknown and
unable to associate with the most respectable part of its in-
habitants would be extremely painM to me and would be too
lonely for either my dear girl, or myself; — ^A Country Town
would be still worse, very few affording that society I could
tolerate, it being chiefly composed of Card plapng, tattling, old
Maids, and people wholly unaccustomed to genteel life. — ^Under
these circumstances, I believe London will be the most eligible
situation for me, where I am known ; and I trust, respected ; and
where I really believe that those who know how to manage, may
live as cheap, as in almost any other part of England. — ^The
want of a Carriage I shall most feel ; not only in point of com-
fort, but respectability. I have been endeavoring so to econo*
mize, as to enable me with prudence to keep one for three or
four Months in the Winter ; but I fear it will not do ; — every
article of life keeps up at a most astonishing price ; and the long
desired Peace, has failed to bring with it those advantages, that
we bad in expectation.

I know my dear ftiends, that it will give you pleasure to hear
that I have been successftd in a plan that I had formed for
€reorge's advancement. There is a new Boyal Military College,
lately established, under the patronage of the Duke of York, and
many of our first Military Men ; its present members are con-
fined to one hundred ; twenty of whom are to be nominated by
the East India Company, for their Service. — I have been ex-
tremely desirous of getting George in this number, as they take
rank in India, immediately upon their Admission into the Col-
lege ; have the best Masters that can be procured, and half of
the Bxpence borne by the Company. The numbers being so
limited, it has required great interest to procure it : after trying
for two months, I despaired of success ; when last week, I re*
ceived a very friendly letter from the Marquis Comwallis, saying

lAft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict AmML 481

that he had at length been so fortanate as to obtain it for me,
and George goes this day to the India House to undergo an
Examination. I have no fears of his not acquitting himself
satisfactorily. I have not lately heard from Edward ; — James
is in Northumberland, constructing some works, near Tinmouth
Castle, where his curiosity has been greatly gratified, by meeting
underground, with Booms, Staircases, &c. not known of, and
supposed to have been built in the seventh Century.

You will have heard that poor Mr. k Mrs. Coxe have at last
lost their darling Daughter; a stroke more severely felt from
their sanguine expectations of her recovery : I have been greatly
shocked lately at poor Mr. Montgomery's death ; you may recol-
lect him in the College at Philadelphia, — he afterwards married
a Miss Delancy of Maryland. — ^He had arrived here at great
Church preferment, which has rendered his circumstances ex-
tremely easy. He left London last year for a good living, in
Hertfordshire; whether his secluded situation in the country,
after being accustomed to much society, or any other circum-
stance operated upon his mind is not known ; but after sending
his Wife and Children to the neighboring Village, to see a com-
pany of strolling players, he hung himself. I had a great regard
for him, and greatly regret his death, and the manner of it.

I am surprized, when I look back, to see how much I have
written without stopping ; — but habit has rendered the employ-
ment much more easy.

Adieu, my beloved Parent, and dear Sisters, may every
blessing attend you. — Believe me most tenderly and truly Yours.

M. Arnold.

BrTAHBTON &TBERT, LOMDON.

October 6th, 1802.

Extract of a Letter from Mrs. Arnold to Richard and Henry
Arnold^ dated November 5, 1802,

I early informed you, that in undertaking the settlement of
the most troublesome business that ever devolved upon a female,
I bad not been actuated in the smallest degree by the hope of
benefiting myself or my children ; that I was induced to do it
only from respect to your Father's memory — the certainty that
I could do more justice to others than any other person could,
and the wish to prevent all private letters from falling into the
hands of strangers. . . .
VOL. XXV. — 31

482 lAft of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict AmddL

Bat thanks to the goodness of Grod, I am restored to serenity
and the power of exertion, and I shall perseveringly go on in
the arduous task I have undertaken ; the only recompense will
be the consciousness that I have done my duty.

I have been under the necessity of parting with my ftimiture,
wine, and many other comforts provided for me by the indul-
gent hand of affection ; and have by these sacrifices paid all the
ascertained debts, within a few hundred pounds, and hope to be
enabled to discharge the remainder, and to pay a part of the
legacies, provided a demand to a large amount, made by a Swede
for the detention of his Vessel, is not substantiated. I have a
-hint that this has been decided against us ; if so, I have the mor-
tification of knowing that neither myself nor my children will
ever have the value of a guinea fh>m their dear Father's property,
and that even the uncommon liberality of my Sons in giving up
their pensions for the use of the &mily, has been of no avail.
But these things are wisely ordained by the Almighty for some
good purpose, and His justice and mercy we cannot doubt. A
few months will bring things near to a close, when I will give
you every particular.

While I have the means of preventing it, I will never suffer
the sister of my husband to want, and shall supply her from my
own little income with what is necessary for her. I approve
-highly of her residing with you in fViture. . . .

My dear Edward is one of the most noble of youths; he
writes sanguinely of his prospects in India; fh>m his pay he
insists upon taking upon himself the entire expense of little Wil-
liam's education ; he had before made over his pension irrevo-
cably to his sister. Dear James is equally generous and disin-
terested, and is now living with great difficulty upon his pay,
that his pension may be appropriated to the use of the family.
My dear girl is all that is amiable and excellent, and Greorge
and William promise fair to emulate the example of their elder
brothers. Such children compensate for a thousand ills. . . .

Your poor Father thought these lands (in Canada) an object,
and expended a great deal of interest and trouble in procuring
them. Every thing depends upon their judicious location. . . «

I am now living in a very small house in Bryanston Street,
using furniture purchased fh>m Carlow, (a servant) who is now
a more independent woman than her mistress. . . . My Father
is very good to me ; but for his aid, I should have suffered still

JAft of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benediet AmolcL 488

more wretchedneaB. He and my sisters are very desirous of my
going to reside with them, but my anxiety to get your little
brothers on in life, will deprive me of this gratification. I have
placed George at the New Boyal Military College, to which he
was appointed (through the interest of the Marquis Comwallis)
by the India Company, who will pay half the expense of his
education, he being designed for their Service. It is a most ex-
cellent Seminary, and embraces every part of education neces-
sary to form the soldier and the gentleman.
I shall write to your aunt by this Packet.

Bbtakbtom Stbert, London, Jany. 5th 1803.

Tour welcome letter my beloved and respected Parent of Nov.
30 was delivered to me last evening by Mr. Coxe at whose house
I was upon a visit. The commendations you so encouragingly
bestow upon my conduct are extremely grateftd to me ; and the
more so, from tiie consciousness of their being not wholly unde-
served. I have gone through many painM and distressing
scenes, which had nearly overpowered me ; but I am now thanks
to the goodness of God enabled to bear the great change in my
situation with fortitude ; and regret the deprivation of many of
the comforts I have been accustomed to enjoy, only as they affect
my children and retard their advancement in life. But I am very
thankM for the blessings still spared me, and have great satis-
faction in informing you my dearest Sir, that my exertions in
the laborious task I have undertaken have been so far crowned
with success ; that I have paid every ascertained debt due from
the Estate of my late lamented husband, within four or five
hundred pounds, and this I ]iave the means of discharging. I
will not attempt to describe to you the toil it has been to me ;
but may without vanity add, that few women could have effected
what I have done, And to you, my dear Parent am I indebted
for the ability to perform what I have done, as you bestowed
upon me the most usefid, and best education that America at
that time afforded.

As I am sure you must be interested in all that relates to my-
self, and my family, I will from time to time ftilly communicate
to you my situation, my plans and prospects. In the moment
of despair, I placed myself in a house rather too small for com-
fort, or perhaps to keep up a proper appearance ; but having

484 lAfe of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict Amdd.

fitted it up with extreme neatness, and some taste ; and seeing
no relaetanee in my friends in a superior line, to visiting us here,
I shall probably be induced to continue here, as I stand at an un-
commonly low rent ; that and the Taxes upon the house, not ex-
ceeding £56 a year. I now feel the disposition, as well as the
propriety, on account of my children, of mixing with the world,
as keeping up an interest for them, is the only chance of their
advancement, and I must endeavor to do it in the most respecta-
ble manner in my power, always keeping in view, the absolute
necessity of living within my little income.

I must mix with Society in a way not very gratifying to my
vanity, or the natural ambition, which I confess has often an-
noyed me, but I have the satisAtction of knowing that I stand
well with the world, and that the change of my circumstances
can never be imputed to any imprudence of my own. I have
well weighed the propriety of quitting London, and retiring into
the country, — the experience of many of my friends convinces
me that the saving to be made in doing it, would be very incon-
siderable, and by no means equivalent to the sacrifice of friends,
and of connections that may be hereafter useAil to my children ;
among them I am estimated for myself, which in addition to my
former situation, will insure me respect : — Among strangers, I
should be rated according to my present means of appearance,
which would place me in a very inferior rank in society, which
my pride could but ill brook.

In accomplishing the desirable end of paying all the debts, I
have been under the necessity of paying for the frimiture, Plate,
and every article even to clothing ; that could come under the
denomination of assets ; the former were disposed of, with the
lease of the house, at nearly the valuation. The Plate I have a
little pride in keeping ; and the other things are necessary to
myself k my dear children. I have an expectation of recover^
ing about £300 ftx>m a business still undivided — ^this, if no fresh
demand arise, must be appropriated, as far as it will go, to the
payment of the annuities, in the meantime I am under the ne-
cessity of supporting the sister of my husband, but conceiving
this a duty, I do it with cheerftilness, more especially as I trust
it will preclude the necessity of my being obliged to take any
measures to distress my brother. I have within a small sum,
paid the Legacies to the Greneral's sons in Canada, which I was
fortunately enabled to do under the description of debts — he

JAft of Margaret Shipperty Wife of Benedict Arnold. 485

having accepted Bills to nearly the amount ; this was very satis-
factory to me, as it was the only thing that preserved them from
utter rain, or prevented their being thrown into a Jail. I have
the most grateMl and affectionate letters fh>m them expressive
of the sense they entertain of my conduct to them. I have
sent out directions to Canada to have the Lands granted by the
Gk>vemment, located. I do not know whether they will be of
any benefit to my family, but I think it right to take the chance
of their being so. I presume from your not mentioning the sub-
ject, that I am never to expect to derive any advantage from the
Mount Pleasant Estate ; I should like however to know in what
manner it has been disposed of My health is tolerably good ;
and I endeavor to keep up my spirits as well as I can. My
solicitude for my children renders this rather a difficult task,
and the unprotected state in which they would be left by my
death, is a constant source of anxiety to me. My dear girl is
extremely delicate, and particularly feels the close confinement,
the weather at this season of the year occasions without a car-
riage. My boys are getting on as well as I could expect. I am
highly delighted with the College in which I had the good for-
tune to get George placed, and he has distinguished himself there
in a way to induce the Governor to send me the most flattering
reports of his conduct. I feel much obliged to you my dear Sir
for any attention paid to the affairs of Mr. Coxe, who has been
a steady and usefrd friend to me. I hope his long clouded pros-
pects are beginning to brighten. They have borne their various
misfortunes with wonderfril resignation and are deserving of a
happier lot. Beport has again all but actually married my dear
Sister Lea, — from her I do not expect to hear whether it is to be
depended upon ; but I am sure you will have the goodness to
communicate to me intelligence so interesting. I think was I so
happily situated as she is, I should be very fearfril of risking a
change. Knowing a Parent's feelings k how interesting every
little circumstance is, relative to those we tenderly love, I will
make no apology, my dearest Sir, for entering so minutely into
my own affairs. I shall write to my sisters by this Packet.
My darling children join me in most respectful love to you. —
Believe I am, my Parent,

very tenderly,

Your i^ectionate and sincere
M, Abnolp.

486 lAft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

Letter from Mrs. Arnold to Richard and Henry Arnold^ 180S.

I feel gratified by your affectionate anxiety for me, and am
happy to have it in my power to relieve it, by assuring you that
I am infinitely better, and thank €k>d, restored to a good degree
of comfort. ... A variety of the most agonizing scenes, followed
by a press of the most harassing business, had nearly subdued
that fortitude which never before forsook me.

The excellence of my children is a never^failing source of
delight to me, and the kindness I experience fh>m my friends,
tends to make me much less sensible of the material change in
my situation.

The Situation of your dear Father's aflUrs has made it neces-
sary for me to have the most trifling article disposed of, or valued
and paid for by myself— this has extended even to his clothing.

The Swede has not withdrawn his claim — ^but does not press it
with much vigor. . , .

I shall send you by Mr. Morley some of your dear Father's
hair, his seal with his Arms, and sleeve-buttons, knee and shoe-
buckles, &c., &c., which as having been long worn by him, will I
doubt not be valued by you.

Chambkhs Fabm Eppivo July 3 1808
I hope, my beloved sister, that my hearing from you so much
less frequently than formerly, is not to be attributed to your
solicitude respecting my dear niece, whose health I was truly
grieved to hear, was in a very delicate state. The nature of her
complaints I have not heard, but hope that they are not serious,
probably they would be wholly relieved by her being in the
family way. Please present my most affectionate love to her,
and assure her of my warm regard, and wishes for her recovery
and happiness.

I have boon much of an invalid lately, and have found it
necessary to consult our two first medical men, in the female
line. Doctors Denman k Clarke. They have ascertained it to be
a complaint of the womb, which requires the greatest care and
attention to conquer, if it can ever be effected. — It is now several
weeks since I have eaten animal food, or tasted wine, beer, or any
thing heating, — ^and I am obliged to keep almost constantly in a
recumbent 'posture. — ^This I found, in town, extremely irksome,

Lift of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 487

and with cheerfuHness accepted an invitation from my old and
steady friend, Mrs. Shedden, to come out here with my children,
where I am quite at home and enjoy my sopha, surrounded by a
large and friendly family, and being at a large farm house, I have
the advantage of a milk diet in the greatest perfection. — I shall
never be able to walk much, as that kind of exercise will in-
crease my complaints, to that in a carriage I must be indebted
to my friends. — Every evil that attends me is greatly increased
by my solicitude for my children and their happiness and well
being is so dependant upon my existence.

My dear James is now waiting for a Convoy to the West
Indies, having been under orders for that place for some time. —
He is now at the Isle of Wight, passing his time away pleas-
antly at Mr. Groodrich's, the elder Brother of Mr. Shedden, within
sight of his ship, which lays at the Motherbank.

I have been a great sufferer, my beloved Sister, for the last
three years, but can thank €k>d, though laboring under appre-
hensions for myself, restored to a perfect serenity of mind, and
a degree of contentment, that some time ago, I thought it im-
possible for me ever to regain. — 1 shall now go on, I hope, per-
severing by " doing my duty in that state of life, in which it has
pleased God to call me."

The kindness I have, and still continue to receive from my
friends here, is very uncommon, and certainly to that I am
greatly indebted for my recovery from that low wretched state,
which had nearly overpowered me.

You find that we are again plunged into the horrors of War, but
we are united hand and heart, to oppose our perfidious enemy,
the effects of which will be most severely felt by those situated
as I am upon a very confined income, but I should and do most
cheerfully contribute my little aid, in support of a Government,
from which I derive my means of living.

My plans for the Summer are still unfixed. — I have been here
three weeks, and shall perhaps continue duriug the greater part
of little William's holidays. — I have several invitations to my
friends in the Countiy, which I shall accept, if my health will
admit of it. — ^There are few places where I can be so much at my
ease as here, where I was brought in a coach, so fitted out, as to
enable me to perform the whole journey laying down. — ^My
complaint is quite local as my general health was never better. —

I must bid you adieu, my dear Sister, as I have several letters

488 lAft of Margaret Shipperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

to write, and pursue this employment, while laying down. —
Tender love to all your dear family, and believe me, my beloved
Sister, most affectionately Yours

M. Arnold

I have this instant received the enclosed note, my dear Sister,
from my good friend Mrs. Coxe, it proves her affection for me,
and I am sorry to say her own deplorable situation. — ^I am
grieved to find that they are disappointed in their sanguine ex-
pectations with respect to some property in America. It would
be a great gratification to me should the interest of any of my
friends there be successAilly exerted for the benefit of this truly
worthy family.

Extract of a Letter from Mrs. Arnold to Richard and Henry
Arnold^ dated July £7, 180S.

God knows how it will terminate ; I am endeavoring to pre-
pare my mind for the worst, but when I reflect upon the unpro-
tected state of my children, whose welfare so greatly depends
upon my exertions for them, I am almost deprived of that forti-
tude so essential to my own support. . . .

I have from time to time given you an account of your dear
Father's affairs. I have nearly accomplished what I am con-
vinced no other person could have done— the payment of all the
just debts.

I have lately had several demands made upon me on account
of the Vile Privateers^ which I know not whether I can resist,
or even if they are just.

The claim of the Swede for the detention of his vessel and
total loss of his cargo, is in the Court of Admiralty.

You can form not the smallest idea of the trouble and per-
plexity in which I have been involved. The only reward is, the
having saved you from distress, and the gratification of having
paid all your dear Father's just debts, so that no reflection on
that score can ever be cast upon his memory.

I am uneasy at not hearing from your aunt for a long time ; I
am fearfhl she may be in distress for money. I have written
repeatedly to her, and requested her to draw on me for twenty-
four pounds which I will endeavour to allow her annually.

I have heard lately from Edward, who had just had a severe
action with the army of one of the native chiefs. James is now

Life of Margaret Shipperiy Wife of Benedict Arnold. 489

OD his passage to the West Indies ; G^rge is at the Eoyal Mili-
tary school, and if I live, will go to the East Indies next year.
Tour sister is with me, and little William goes to the school at
which all his brothers were educated.

Letter from Mrs, Arnold to Richard and Henry Arnold^ dated
August^ 180S.

I have the greatest satisfaction in informing you that the long
pending Admiralty case of the Swedish ship is decided, and in
our favor. Their claim was for the loss of the ship, cargo, and
two years detention. Had they succeeded, ten times the prop-
erty I have would not have satisfied their demand.

Upon this decision every thing depended, and until it was
given it was impossible to bring the business to a close. . . .

Although I have suffered, in my choice of evils, almost be-
yond human endurance, I now repent not at having made it.

To you I have rendered an essential service ; I have rescued
your Father's memory irom disrespect, by paying all his just
debts ; and his Children will now never have the mortification
of being reproached with his speculations having injured any
body beyond his own family ; and his motives, not the unfortu-
nate termination will be considered by them, and his memory
will be doubly dear to them.

It has been a dreadful business, and minute as I have been in
my detail, it is quite impossible for you to form an idea of what
I have had to encounter, besides the sacrifice of all my accus-
tomed comforts. I have not even a tea-spoon, a towel, or a
bottle of wine that I have not paid for. But having nearly
completed my great work, I was beginning to enjoy some degree
of comfort, to which however my ill health is a great interrup-
tion.

And now to the important business of the Canada Lands. I
am veiy glad to hear that the difficulty of the grant is over-
come— more particularly as I understand, that if they are judi-
ciously located they will certainly be of considerable value.

I always feel a peculiar degree of solicitude to hear from you
at this Season, my beloved Parent, as the Summer so frequently

490 lAft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold.

produces that dreadfhl Fever. Though we find that it is raging
with violence at New York, we are taught to hope that it has
not extended its influence to Philadelphia. — ^May God preserve
you all. —

The arrival of several Packets, without a line from any of the
family has caused me gretfTdisappointment ; I have many months
ago informed my Sisters of my alarming indisposition, and should
have been soothed by the affectionate sympathy of Sisters so
beloved. It is nearly eight months since I was distressed with
an internal complaint, of which I did not think seriously, till
finding it increase, I consulted a man of the first eminence here,
in the female line, who pronounced that it was a complaint of
long standing, most serious in its nature, and would require the
utmost attention for a length of time. I was prohibited the use
of any kind of animal food, wine, or even small beer and was
entirely confined to a recumbent position. Finding no amend-
ment after rigidly pursuing this plan two months, my friends
urged a consultation of the most able men. There was but little
variance in the opinion I had already had of the mode to be
adopted to, if possible, avert the dreaded evil, a Cancer, and I
have steadily pursued the plan laid down for nearly six months.
— I have lately been much worse, in consequence of a very large
tumor having formed which broke and dischaiged an immense
quantity. To prevent another is now the great object, but I am
not much encouraged to hope for success. I have experienced
the most uncommon attention from my friends, which has en-
abled me to pass a great part of the Summer in the Countiy,
which was deemed absolutely essential, and which I could not
otherwise have accomplished. — I made my journeys in a Coach,
laying down, and was indulged with laying constantly upon a
sofa. — Indeed the posture has become so natural to me, that I
always write, and work in it. — I have not walked two miles for
the last six months, my kind friends give me fr^uently an op-
portunity of taking the air, in the only way in which I can do
it. — I will not, my dear Parent, comment upon my present un-
pleasant situation, or ftiture sad prospects. —

You will see by our Papers, that the crisis is fast approach-
ing that is to decide the fate of England; this is the month
when Bonaparte threatens us. — God know how it is to
end, —

I beg to be remembered most affectionately to my dear Sisters ;

lAfe of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 491

and am my tenderly beloved Parent, most sinoerely ft truly
yours

K A.

BbTAMBTON &TBERT

Nov. 2nd, 1808

Bbtanston &TBERT Maj 14th [1804]
Yours, my beloved Sister, of March 20th afforded me great
gratification, as the long silence of my family had been a source
of great uneasiness to me, and preyed upon my spirits, when I
conceived my situation to be such as to render it probable I could
never, in this world, hear again from you. I have been indeed
very near death, my dear Sister, and my complaints are such, as
to give me but little hope of long continuing an Inhabitant of
this world.

I have gained more strength in the last six weeks than I could
have expected, considering my total confinement to the house, in
a recumbent position, and that I get no sleep but what is pro-
cured by opium, administered in various forms. It is four
months since my violent attack ; for nine days I lay with every
appearance of a Corpse, and as cold in the extremities as you
ever felt one ; with flEiintings, whenever moved. Most violent
remedies were used internally, with constantly applying cloths,
dipped in iced water, to my body, without the effect of stopping
the complaint, till exhausted nature worked her own cure. It
was so long before I recovered strength, and I was distressed
with so great a difficulty of breathing, that it was greatly appre-
hended that I had water upon my chest ; which however was not
the case. At the expiration of seven weeks I was put into a
Carriage, and taken out for a quarter of an hour ; this was re-
peated for some days, but it produced symptoms too alarming to
make it prudent to continue it, and it is now seven weeks since
I have been able to take any other air, than what my little
House afforded me. But I could submit with great patience to
this confinement, and even the extreme pain I always endure,
when not under the effects of opium, was there any prospect of
its terminating favorably. My only chance is from an internal
operation, which it is at present dangerous to perform. I trust
I bear this heavy affliction with great resignation ; and I do not
suffer my spirits to overcome me. I have much to be thankfrd
for; — most particularly for the very uncommon attention and

492 lAft of Margaret ShippeUy Wife of Benedict Arnold.

kindness that I hourly experience from my numerous friends ;
indeed a general so]i[ci]tude has been shown for me. I have
the best advice that London can afford, and am constantly
attended by two of the most eminent Physicians. . . .

Though in a very contracted stile, I have every comfort neces-
sary to my situation, for which I am indebted to the great
liberality of the best Sons in the world, who contribute their
little mite to render me so. I have a great many invitations
from my different friends to divide my Summer among them ;
but I greatly fear that a removal will be scarcely practicable.

My dear Greorge will leave me, for India in a few weeks ; he
will go under many advantages, and my situation greatly recon-
ciles me to his going. My beloved Edward has been a sharer in
the honor of all those brilliant victories in India, obtained by
General Lake, and as a cavalry Officer, was exposed to great
danger, which God be praised he escaped, except a wind wound,
which much bruised his arm, and his horse touched in many places.
I trust his conduct will lead to something advantageous to himself,
as Genl. Lake, after the action, gave him a Cometcy in an old
Begt. of the King's Dragoons for Greorge, who would probably
have been a Lieutenant by the time he arrived, with pay and
emoluments of £M0 pr an. But I am this day going to send on
his resignation of it, by the advice of all my friends ; the Com-
pany's service being preferable, as attended with more perma-
nent advantages. My dearest James is Stationary Commanding
Engineer at Barbadoes, as well as Adjutant which gives him
many advantages, particularly most capital quarters, immediately
over the Sea, a circumstance of infinite importance to his health.
Nothing can be going on better than all my Children, and you
do not know how high their characters stand.

I am sorry to find that our dear father is involved in any con-
test with the Assembly ; though I am convinced his Character
can never be affected by it.

The life of our good King has never been in danger ; we have
had greater apprehensions on account of his mind ; he is better,
but it is feared that the difficulties attending the arrangement of
the present change of Ministry may have an unfavorable effect
upon him.

Tou wish my dear Sister to know whether my pension would
be affected by his death ; I should much fear that it would as it
would of course cease ; and its renewal would depend upon the

lAft of Margaret Shippm^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 498

whim of his Successor, who at present shows no disposition to
respect the wishes of his Father, and with whom I have no
interest.

I am gratified my beloved Sister at your renewed invitations
to me to visit you ; nothing could afford me greater gratifica-
tion; but the Almighty has willed it otherwise, by infiicting
upon me my present calamity. This letter has been written at
different times, and entirely whilst laying down. — ^Yesterday
after writing two pages, I fainted away. — ^My dear girl is but
indifferent ; she is too much aware of the blow that probably
awaits her. — I rejoice that your darling child is spared to you.

Pray present my tenderest regards to all the family and be-
lieve me, my truly beloved Sister, ever Tours

JflL. Ji.,

London, J0I7 5th 1804
Dear Sir —

I wrote you some time past, by desire of your dear daughter
Mrs. Arnold, respecting the then situation of her very ill health
— an interval of ^eming change for the better afterwards oc-
curred, that gives much hope to her friends, and which, 1 fear,
induced Mrs. Coxe to mention it to her Father in a more favor-
able light than has since been verified — Indeed, from the facts I
was myself privately in possession of from Dr. Denman, the
most eminent in his line, I had every reason to believe her case
hopeless, but did not disclose this to Mrs. C. or any Friend, lest
it might, ultimately get to her ears — ^it was of the utmost conse-
quence, even to her strong and even mind, to keep this ftx>m
her, as it might throw an immediate despair upon her, and check
those absolute attentions to her Children which were so neces-
sary at the moment of shipping Oeorge off for India to join his
Brother Bdward — ^As I foresaw, her complaints have increased,
and, I much lament, appear, from some late ft present attacks,
to be coming forward to that crisis, which must terminate,
shorter, or later, the existence of one of the finest women I
know — ^This sad reflection, my dear Sir, cannot affect you more
as a Father, than it does me, who feel for her all the affections
ft interest of a Father ft Friend — I therefore think it my duty,
both to you, to her, ft her children, to apprise you of this her
real situation, that, as I have hinted before you might think
proper to make such dispositions in favor of her, or, in case of

494 Uft of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnolds

any accident to her, so likely to be apprehended, in fitvor of her
children, as to such share of your Estate, as you meant she
should have partaken of, in proportion to the rest of your chil-
dren— You will have the goodness to ascribe to the true motives,
love dh Friendship for your Daughter ft her Children, the liberty
I have taken to hint her real situation to you, that you may
adopt such measures in your Will, as may meet the certainty, of
her, not very distant dissolution, unless a kind of miracle should
intervene against the private opinion of the best informed of the
Faculty — and she has the best — ^At this moment (for I visit her
every day) she is very ill with a third attack, which, tho better,
has exhausted her to a degree that alarms us much. — ^This, per-
haps, has been much increased from taking a last & final adieu
of her son George, who we yesterday shipped off for Bengal in
the ship Baring as a Cadet in the India's Company service,
where, when he arrives, he takes rank from 15 ft half, as a
Comet, and will join his Brother Edward, who has been with
Crenl Lake in all his brilliant campaignes in India, with much
honor to himself— -George is a young man of the first order in
genius ft spirit, so much so, as to have acquired the most distin-
guished honors at the Military Institution at Marlow it could
bestowe, and goes with same eclat from the India House in its
service, as particularly recommended by Gen'l Harcourt, the
head of that college.

James, as L't of Engineers, and as selected, has distinguished
himself, in the late capture of Surrinam, greatly to his honor ft
Future rising fame — I enclose a letter from Col. Shipley to Crenl
Morse, which speaks more than I can say in his favor — I will
only remark that the copy is in Sophia's Sand writing — She is,
dear Girl, more worthy of your notice ft attentions, than any
other of the family, tho all most meritorious — she is the most
amiable ft correct of her sex I ever saw. — ^leave her not, my
dear Sir, in distress, for should she lose her Mother, much, you
know, drops with her — the boys are provided for ft can ft ought
to shift for themselves — a Girl cannot — ^her Brothers are the
most kind ft affectionate and throw all into the scale they can
from their Pensions ft pay in her flEivor, but you may easily
imagine this to be limitted ft precarious — I confess to feel most
deeply interested for her perfect independence — ^this will rest
with you — ^and to you I leave every proper precaution to insure
its provision — ^You will excuse me, when I declare to feel for

lAft of Margaret Skippen, Wife of Benedict Arnolds 496

her in partictUar and indeed for all of the rest, the most parental
affections & Solicitude.

Thinking thus, and also favored with the most particular con-
fidence of your Daughter Mrs. Arnold, I take the liberty to ex-
press my sentiments on an occasion that, I fear, may bring on
the most melancholy feelings fix>m us all — ^I therefore repeat,
that I feel it a duty to inform you, truly, of her present situa-
tion— ^your Daughter now lies on a sick bed, very painful &
alarming, not able to partake of the least exercise, such is the
nature of her complaints — I need say no more to a Father — I
saw her this day on her sopha, reclined & looking so ill as to
shock me — She was not able to write to you or would have done
it — She begged me to say for her all duty & affection to you &
her sisters —

Tho surrounded with many friends, she is kind enough to look
up to me with particular confidence— -I shall from every affec-
tionate motive, watch & attend her to the last — a few months I
fear must decide—

I am, Dr Sir, with every respect & regard
your most obed't 8erv*t
I Dan'l Coxx

JuDOB Shippbn.

I have received your affectionate letters, my beloved and re-
spected Parent, with their enclosures which have been duly
honored by acceptance. — I return you my sincere thanks for
your very acceptable present, which came most opportunely,
having been obliged to incur a great many unavoidable expenses
from fitting out my dear Greorge, and a long illness. —

The affectionate interest you and my dear Sisters express for
me is very gratifying to my feelings. — I wish I could give as
fkvorable an account of myself as you have been taught to
expect, but my situation is extremely critical, my recovery ap-
pears greatly to depend upon an operation, which hitherto it
has been impossible to perform without the most imminent dan-
ger of immediately putting a period to my life. I am to have a
consultation in a few days. — ^I had wished it was over, before I
wrote to you, but am fean^l of rendering you uneasy, by my
silence— My general health is improved, since I last wrote,
which is an extraordinary circumstance, considering my entire

496 Lift of Margopret SfUpperij Wife of Benedict Arnold.

oonfinement to the house, and that I am obliged to keep myself
constantly under the effects of opium, to relieve a pain, which
would otherwise be intolerable, and to procure me a little sleep,
which I never get in a natural way. — Could I get into the
Country, I am sure I should be better, this, the uncommon
kindness of several of my Mends, would enable me to do, were
I able to bear even a short journey, but at present I am quite
unequal to it. —

We have been so long threatened with invasion, that we begin
to think nothing of it. — Our internal situation is, in my opinion,
a cause of much more serious alarm. — ^The precarious ratuation
of the King. — ^The decided part taken against him by the Prince
of Wales, with the instability of our present Ministry are causes
of serious anxiety. — But I trust we shall yet be preserved.

Mr. Livingston, your Minister to Paris, called upon me several
times, during his stay in London, where he was not very wdl
received. — He appears completely to have adopted French prin-
ciples, and French ideas. — I have written this in great haste, and
am always obliged to write while laying down, which is indeed
almost wholly my position. — Pray remember me most tenderly
to all the family, and believe me, my beloved Parent, most truly
and affectionately

Yours K A.

Bbtanston Street
July 15th [1804.]

Gloucbbtee Place, Dec. 2&th, 18(H.
My dear Aunt;

I sincerely thank you for your kindly affectionate Letter
which I take the eariiest opportunity of answering. Had the
state of mind permitted it, I should probably have :written
sooner, but my sufferings have been so acutely agonizing, that
every power was suspended. I heartily thank Qod However
that I am sufficiently better to be able to resume my penithough
my deep rooted sorrow will I fear ever attend me. I j^o^ever
feel the duty and benefit of submission to the Will ol the Al-
mighty, and am folly convinced, that how trying soever I find
the diq>ensation, it has been ordered in goodness, wisdom ft
mercy, and I trust in another world, I shall be made a partaker
of that Bliss which she doubtless now enjoys. My dear Grand-
papa has given me an affectionate invitation to make America

Ijift of Margaret Shippen^ Wife of Benedict Arnold. 497

my ftiture residence. And most willingly, flrom the strong desire
I feel to know himself & all the family should I accept his offer,
did I not feel myself bound to this country by the strong tie my
poor dear Brothers are to me, especially my little orphaned Wil-
liam, so young, so destitute, as he is left, looking now solely up
to me. I grieve there is this heavy drawback, on what I should
otherwise have esteemed so great a comfort in my now truly
forlorn situation, especially as I had hoped all once existing
prejudice had found an end, ft that my little Brother, at least,
could not have been obnoxious while thus young. I have writ-
ten to Grandpapa, however and told him that should he have an
earnest desire to see me for a twelvemonth, as belonging to her
who was so deservedly dear to him, I should feel strongly induced
to pay him a visit for that time and at or about the end of that
period, I shall be expecting the return of my beloved James to
England, who will need the accustomed sympathy of his sister,
to enable him to bear the woefliU change in his loved Family.

I feel truly grateftil to you for the affectionate interest you
take in me, ft shall ever love you tho' we may never meet. My
dear Miss Fitch has been more to me than I could ever have
expected, or hoped. She desires me to present her best regards
to you. I passed five weeks with her in the country ft have
since been nearly ten in London, with the best Mend, ft one of
the best women in the world, an old Lady of 76 years of age, of
a high family, and large fortune, who in goodness and charity is
one of the brightest ornaments of this country. I consider it a
signal instance of the mercy of Grod, His having raised me up
such a comforter, she was at one time, the only person who knew
how to compose my perturbed spirit. I go again into the coun-
try to another much valued friend in a few days where I shall
remain till I again hear firom Philadelphia. My poor little
brother is with me for the Holidays. He unites with myself
in begging affectionate remembrances to all our dear Aunts,
Uncles, and Cousins, and I am my dear Aunt,

Your much attached and dutiftdl niece,

Sophia M. Abnold.
(To be continued.)

VOL. XXV. — 32

498 Memoirs of Brigadier-Ghneral John Looey ^ of Pemuu

MEMOIRS OP BKIGADIBR-GBNBKAL JOHN LACBT,
OP PENNSYLVANIA.

(Contiiiaed from page 854.)

The BegimentB or Battalions of the Armey were some-
times called Battalions k sometimes Regiments, the Militaiy
establishment of America was in its Minority, very few of
her officers knew any thing about military matters, they were
generally the Sons of Farmers or Machanicks, who had
quit the Plow or the Workshop, enterprising youth roused
from their domestic occupations to defend their Country
against the Strong and Iron hand of Tyronny, that threat-
ened to enslave them. Their Fathers who presided in
Councils and who made the appointments were equally un-
versed in Military system, neither of them even possessing
the knowledge of the Tichnical or appropriate Names of the
Orders and establishments of the Armey. Several officers
however, who had served in the British Armey had joined
the American Standard, among whom was our present
Chief Commander Gten* Gktes — such men ought to know
better than to confound the names of Battalions k Regi-
ments together, as we find it in his Gten* Orders — sometimes
by one and sometimes by the other, which discovers a great
want of system in the mind of the Gen^ It was also fre-
quently used by S* Clear, who had also been a British offi-
cer. It might be overlooked in Wayne, who had never
before seen service. Conceiving their ought to be a distinc-
tion and that two names so opposite to each other could not
mean one and the same thing — ^it became a topic of inquiry
among the Officers, when we were lead to understand. Ac-
cording to the Orgination of the British k Prution Armies,
a Regiment consisted of two Battalions, and that to call a
whole Regiment a Battalion was very unmilitary and incor-
rect That a Regiment was Commanded by a Colo^ or

Memoirs of Brigajditr-Omeral John Laceyj of Penna. 499

liieu^ Colo^ and two Migors, and a Battalion by a Migor
only — a Begiment thus organized containing two Battalions,
called first & second. Our Begiments containing Eight
Companies, was commanded by a Colo^ Lieu* Colo* and one
Major, and were they properly Organized, would have been
divided into two segments or Battalions, the first to be
commanded by the Lieu* Colo' the second by the Major.
Here the British had the better of us in the exchange of
Prisoners, as they had very few Colo^ their Segments being
Commanded by Lieu* Colo^ only. I have been led to make
these remarks on Account of the gaving of the Gen' Orders
to the Armey at this place, in which I find frequently in-
serted Colo' Wayne's Begiment — Colo' Wayne's Battalion,
the same of Colo' S* Clear's Battalion &c. See Qevf Orders

viz — ^Ticonderoga.

Head Qm Sept' 24"» 1776—

Capt* Craig of the 2*^ Battalion of Pennsylans is ap-
pointed Lieu* Colo' of that Batt' in place of Colo' Wood
Prefered — Cap* Butler is app* Major of the same Battl' —
Cap* P. Frazier of the 4*'' Batt'n. of Pennsy* is appointed
Migor in the same, in place of M%j. [Haussegger] Pro-
moted.

The first & 2* Pennsy* Begiments were raised in the Autom
of 76. Col** Bull was the first Colo' appointed to the first
Begiment & S* Clear to the Second — ^Bull got into disgrace
by selling Furious to the men & firom some other degre-
dating conduct while the Begiment lay in the Barracks at
Philad% and was compelled by the ofiicers to Besigne.
Colo' De Haas was appointed in his place, on which occur-
rence S* Clear became the elder Colo', was appointed a B. G.
after the Troops returned firom Ticonderoga firom Canada.

The other 4 Pennsy* Begiments were raised the Winter
following — Cap* Willits Company of the !•* Begiment and
Mine of the 4*"* were raised in Bucks County — ^they were
both fine Companies — ^I had exerted myself very much to
get a full and Compleat Company — ^they were nearly all
young Men, and it was allowed to be one of the best look-

600 Memoirs of Brigadier'Gtneral John Lacey^ of Penna.

ing CompanieB belon^ng to the B^ment before they 1^
long Island. Thej are now so reduced in point of numberB
ft beet looking Men I feel but little Pride in owning them
and lees in belon^ng to the Keg*. It was a lu^py event
that oar Duty of Gaard ft Fattigae occupied all our time,
and had little leisure to reflect I was almost Constantly
on Command, either on Picket Guard or fetttigue Parties in
repairing the old French Breast Works, which we com-
pleated on the 18*^ Sepf as will appear by Colo' Wayne's
Eegimental Orders, viz.

TiooimmoaA, 8^ 14*^ 1776.

Colo' Wayne is happy in having it in his power to return
his most sincere thanks to the Gentleman Officers ft Soldiers
of his Batt^ for the ready Cheerfulness and Industry with
which they have Executed the work in front of their En-
campment, Works at once Extensive and Formidable, and
which he is well assured they will at all times and at every
hazard defend.

The Colo'' next wish is to see the officers and soldiers as
comfortably accommodated with regard to their encamp-
ments and Lodging as the Nature of the Campaign will
admit — and therefore requests the Captains of each Com-
pany, previous to any other business to see that Compleated
as soon as possible. He is very sorry it was not in his power
to issue this Request sooner, but that he could not do con-
sistent to Gen' Gates's Orders, and his own Duty — ^he there-
fore hopes that no officer will think hard of their being t^
tarded of Accommodating themselves, as it was occasiimed
purely on the Acct already mentioned.

In order to show more explicitly the Duty and business
of the Armey I shall coppy a few extracts from the GFen',
Brigade, ft Regimental Orders of the day as they occurred.

Head Quartxbs Tiookdxrooa SeptF 21** 1776.
ParoUy Adams. Qmnter Siffne^ Lynch.

In consideration of the Troops having been Constantly
employed in the Public Works every Day without intermis-

Memoirs of Brigadier-Oaural John Laeeyj of Penncu 601

men ever since their amval at this Camp, The Gen^ orders
all Work but that of the Equipment of the Vessels, Gun
Carriage Makers and blacksmiths to cease for tomorrow;
these shall be indulged hereafter. Divine Service to be
performed in Every Brigade at Eleven o'clock in the fore-
noon tomorrow where the whole are to attend with their
Arms and Accoutrements in good Order.

OM Waynes Orders.

The 4^ Battalion are to be all under Arms on Sunday next
at 9 o'clk A.M. — and as Soap is now plenty and new Shirts
ready to be delivered to such Companies as are in want, no
excuse can be admitted for appearing dirty or indecent
All Officers and soldiers will be particularly careful on that
Day to appear on the Parade as neat as possible, for which
purpose the Officers will see that the Men have their hair
well Pawderedy and neatly tied ft pleated. They will also
every Morning and Evening in place of Maning the lines,
be training their People in the Manual exercise Wheeling,
Fireing by Grand & Sub-Divisions & Forming the line of
Impression. The Officers will be punctual in turning out
all the Soldiers as well Servants as others Morning &
Evening.

Head Quabtbbs Sept' 2b^ 1776.

ParoUj Ward. Oomttersign^ Boston.

G^n^ S* Clairs Brigade to Furnish daily at Head Quarters
1 Captain, 2 Sub', 2 Sergeants, 2 Corporals, 1 Drum 1 fife
k 48 privates to serve as a &tt]gue party under the Orders
of the Deputy Qt' Master Gton^

Various frauds, impositions and abuses being every Day
committed by Traders, Hucksterers coming to this Camp,
the Q. M. G. and his assistants are immediately to regulate
the prices to be paid for the several commodities brought to
sell, particularly Garden stuff. Venison, Cheese, butter, and
all other manner of Eatables. For the Future any persons
bringing any of the above articles immediately for sale are
to carry them to the foot of the Glasses of the Old Fort,

602 Memoirs of Brigadier-Gfeneral John Laccj/, of Penna,

where the Market is constantlj to he held. Should any
person or Persons be detected Monopolizing or Forestalling
the market they will be punished by a Court Martial and
have all their Gk>ods seized for the Sick in the HospitaL
The Market is to be opened every Day at 8 o'clock and to
be allowed to continue to sunset

Field officer of the Day, tomorrow, Lt Col. Irvine,
Brigade Mfyor of the Day, Byan.

Brigade Orders.

For Guard; 1 Sergt; 1 Corpl.; 1 Fife; 81 privates: for
Fattigue, 80 privates.

Regimental Orders.

For Piquet Guard, Cap* Lacey,

Ens* Wallace,
Ens* Standly.

After GM Orders.

The Surgeons and Surgeons Mates of all the Regiments
to attend at the Medicine Store tomorrow morning between
8 and 10 o'clock in order to receive their Proportion of Old
Linnen, which is to be converted into lint and returned to
the Store.

The above comprises the Orders for one Day, viz. the 26*^

of September — ^I give it to show the compleat Order of the

Day.

Hkjld Quabtbbs Oct' 11* 1776.

The long stillness and seeming supineness of the Enemy
strongly indicates that they are meditating some stroke of
Importance, it therefore behooves every Officer and Soldier
of this Armey to be exceeding vigilant and elert, particu-
larly when on duty. The Officer of the Day at Ticonderoga
as well as at M* Independence are by their examples to give
life and spirit to the Guards under their inspection, the
Grand and visiting Bounds are upon no account to be

Memoirs of Brigadier-OeMral John Laeeyy of Penna. 608

neglegent of their duty observing to be particular attentive
to the sentries k Guards from four in the Morning until
broad day light As the Campaign is drawing towards a
close the Gen^ is anxious nothing disgraceful to the Troops
under his command should Tarnish that good behaviour
they have hitherto shown.

In order to show the high sense Military Men entertain
of their Honour, by voluntary doing an Act beneath the
duty appertaining to their Rank as Officers, I shall insert an
extract of the decision of the following Court Martial. If
the commission be a voluntary act shsJl be thought so de»
grading to the Honour of an Officer — ^what must be the
Feeling of the Mind of an Officer, to be compelled by his
Commanding Officer to do the duty inferior to his Station,
and what must still aggravate the degredation and increase
the severity of his punishment, as was in my case, to see an
inferior officer placed over me, to command my own Com-
pany, while I was to act as a Volunteer under his command.
A Punishment of so high a grade inflicted without a tryal,
by the mere Arbitrary Order of the Commander of a Regi-
ment, acknowledging at the same time that I had not inten-
tionally committed any crime — I presume has not a parrel-
lell of Wanton and despotic Tyranny, in the annals of the
Revolutionary War.

Head Quabtebs, Ttcondbbooa, October 8*, 1776.

At a Continuation of a Gten* Court Martial of which
Major Morris president in place of Lt Col. Johnston, who
was taken ill, L* Whitney of Colo* Wheelocks Regiment,
was tryed for infamous Conduct in degrading himself by
voluntary doing the duty of an Orderly sergant in violation
of his Rank as an Officer — ^Ib found guilty and sentenced to
be severely reprimanded by Gten* Brickett at the head of his
Brigade.

The Gen* Approves the sentence of the Court Martial
and orders it to take place accordingly.

604 Memoirs of BrigadUr-Qeneral John Lacey^ of Penna.

For some time we had been aimouBly waiting the ap-
proach of the Enemy, who from the reports of our scouts
and spyes, were made to believe they had a fleet of armed
vessels nearly ready to commence offensive operations, their
Troops at Oix Noix and He a Mott waiting the Orders to
advance. Gen^ Arnold had proceeded some distance beyond
Crown Point into the Middle of the Lake with twelve or
18 sidl of Armed Sloops Gunboats &c., suffered the British
Fleet of superior Force, to pass in the night along the Bast
shore of the lake unobserved — ^placing themselves between
him ft Crown Point. On discovery the next morning Gen.
Arnold ordered his fleet to make the best of their way to
the entrance of the Straits at Crown Point, keeping up a
running fight by the British ships in the best manner they
could. The Enemy persieving their intention, met them,
when a very warm and spirited conflict ensued, some of the
American Ships were taken, some drove on shore were set
on fire by the Crews who escaped by land to Tyconderoga,
a few only made good their way by hard fighting and su-
perior saiUng got safe to Tyconderoga. Our loss was con-
siderable in killed wounded and prisoners, but of which I
never learnt the amount

After the defeat of the Fleet, the British Armey advanced
on Crown Point It was said Arnold & all the Crews of
the other Vessels fought well, but to great disadvantages
each making the best of his way — the fastest sailer leaving
his dull comrade to contend alone with the united force of
the enemy as well as they could — ^under such discoura^g
events, wat but defeat and disaster could be expected.

In my humble opinion Arnold acted unwise by pladng
himself so far from Crown Point, in the Middle of the lake,
subjecting himself thus to be cut off from a retreat & with-
out the requisite Guard or look out Boat to suffer the
Enemy to pass him unnoticed — secondly by his too precipi-
tated flight, leaving the Enemy to cut up his Vessels in de-
tail, when in my opinion a better way would have been to
have fallen back & formed his little Fleet in the Western

Memoirs of Brigadier-Oeifural John Ldcey^ of Penna. 606

Cove of the lake adjoining Crown Point, where he might
have rode in safety, protected from the shore by the advance
of our Main, or part of the Army to that station, waiting
for a fair wind, or some favourable event, to pass round the
Point into the Streights of the lake leading to Tyconderoga,
or for fighting the Enemy to better advantage. Here I con-
sider two great errors were committed by our Commanders,
thus leaving the Enemy to tiJ^e possession of a very advan-
tagous position without an effort to prevent it. Had we
met him here, we might have prevented his advance, at least
on the west side of the lake : beside this was the only place
our Fleet could act to advantage against the Enemy, or in
our defence, as the lake was so narrow between Crown
Point k Tyconderoga the vessels would be attacked from
the shore, and no room for them to work in. After the
Defeat Gen* Gkttes contented himself by issuing the Follow-
ing Gton* Order, thus leaving the Enemy to tiJ^e peacable
possession of Crown Point and to establish themselves there,
from whence we were assailable by land k water — ^A good
road might easily be opened in the West side of the lake to
the old French lines in a very short time, the distance only
six miles, and on this rout they were daily expected.

Hbad Quabtebs TTCoi!n>EBoaA October 14* 1776.

ParoUy Watterbury. Chuntirsine^ "Wlgglesworth.

Lieut Peter Hughs of the first Battalion of Pennsylva-
niens is appointed to act as Aid de Camp to Migor Gkn*
Gates during the absence of Major Walter Stewart

As every Begiment and Corps are well acquainted with
their Alarm Posts, the Gen' expects the Troops will be
Alert in Marching to support the Works they are severally
intended to defend, he has the utmost dependance upon the
Bravery and fidelity of the whole Armey and believe when
called to Action they will shew themselves worthey of the
Noble cause they are engaged to defend. He tenders his
thanks to Gen' Arnold and the ofilcers, seamen k marines
of the Fleet for their Gallant defence made against the

606 Memoirs of Brigadier-Chneral John Lcusey, of Penna.

great superiority of the Enemies force, such magnanimous
behaviour will establish the fiEtme of the American Armey
throughout the Globe.

HsAD QM Tyoondbrooa Oct' 16* 1776.

ParoUj Washington. Qnm% Lee.

As there are not Intrenching Tools sufficient to employ
the whole of the Men off duty, the Qerf expects that the
Commanding Officers of Regiments will order one third of
their men off duty to be paraded at 7 o'Clock every morn-
ing for fattigue who are to be kept constantly at work untill
10 in the forenoon, one third more to relieve the first party
at 10 o'clock, who are to Work untill one in the Afternoon,
the other third to relieve the second party at one & to work
untill five in the Evening. This Order to be constantly and
regularly obeyed untill Countermanded. The Gten* is very
unhappy to see the want of that Spirit, Alertness and in-
dustry, so necessary for the immediate Completion of the
Forts and Redoubts to previdl so shamefully in this Armey.
The Fleet have acted a Noble part, let it not be said here-
after that the Cause of all America was injured by the
supineness of the Northern Army.

HEi.D QuARTEBS Oct' 17* 1776.

PoTiToUy M*Gomery. C. 8.j Essex.

The Commissary is immediately to issue One half Gill of

Rum to every non commissioned officer and Soldier now in

Camp, k should the bad weather continue untill evening, he

is then to issue one half gill more. A detachment of a

Captain three suboltrens, three Seijeants and One Hundred

Rank k file to parade as soon as possible from Colo^

Brewers and Colo^ Willards Regiments with Axes, who are

to proceed to cut down the Trees across the Crown Point

Road.

Head Quaetebs Oct' 18"» 76.

P. Jersey. C 8. Day.

The Commissary to supply all the empty Casks he has in
store, that will hold Water to such Regiments as have no

Memoirs of Brigadier-G^eneral John Lacey^ of Perma. 607

Water convenient to their Alarm Posts, these to be kept
filled with fresh Water, that the Troops may have a supply
ready when wanted. A quantity of Rum to be ready at
hand to be delivered according to Orders.

As the Enemy can have no reasonable hope of defeating
this Armey, unless the Troops posted in the Redoubts, and
the advanced Guards suffer themselves to be surprised. The
Gen^ strongly recommends it to all the Officers k Soldiers
to exert their utmost Vigilence whilst on duty, never omit-
ting the smallest attention to every approach of the Enemy,
and constantly giving the most vigourous opposition to
all their attempts.

Colo* Maxwell's Regiment is without delay to Join Colo^
Winds Regiment on the side of Ticondiroga. The proper
ground for their Encampment will be shown them by the
D. Q. M. G. The Commissary to issue one half Gill of
Rum to every non Commissioned officer k Soldier now in
Camp at one o'Clock this Afternoon.

Brigade Orders.

The Scouting Parties in future are to remain as a Cover-
ing party for those who are Cuting the Trees across the
Crown point Road.

Head Quabtebs Oct' 19«* '76.

P. Carlisle. C. 8. Adams.

Lieu* Colo' Baldwin first Engmeer will take the direction
of the Works upon the side of Ticondiroga with the follow-
ing Assistants under him — ^Migor Pain, Cap* Newland,
Lieu* Dallas k Ensign Parrit

Lieu* Colo' Pallisier, second Engineer will take the Com-
mand k direction of the Works on the side of M* Lide-
pendance, with the following Assistants under him, Migor
Dalazine, and any two other G^ntiemen that the Colo''
upon that side shall recommend.

This arrangement being settied and the particular
Works to be compleated determined upon the Gen' has no
doubt but the necessary preparations for a vigourous defence

608 Memcirs of Brigadier'Gfeneral John Lacej/j of Permcu

will be made with that Animated Zeal becoming Soldiers
who are also free Citizens of America.

Hbid Quabtsbb Oct 20^ '76.
Ab it is uncertain on which of Our Poets the Enemy may
make his principle attack, the Gen' Desires and expects that
the Officers and Men fit for Duty in the Regiments on both
sides the Lake, will hold themselves in instant readiness to
March or embark for whatever part of the Camp may Need
their support

HSU) QUABTBBS 21"* Oct '76.

The following arrangement of the Surgeons of the Army
is to take place in case of Action viz.

Doctor Kennedy, Burnet, Taylor, Jackson, Sibley ft
Picker to attend at the Old Fort with their Mates. Doctor
Johnston, Holmes, Ellison, Harvey, and Stewart with thdr
Mates to attend at the place appointed near Colo^ Wayne's
Markee, with all their Instruments* All the Surgeons and
Mates on M^ Independance to attend Doc' Potts, at the
General Hospital on the Mount Colo* Maxwell's Battalion
is to join and do duty with Qen* S* Clair's Brigade.

HEi.D Q. Oct 26«* '76.

In case of a G^^ alarm one Gun will be fired firom the
Jersey Redoubt to be answered by one Gun from the Main
Battery in the French Lines, which is to be answered by one
Gun from the upper redoubt on M* Independance, when
every Regiment and Corps is to repair to their Alarm
Posts. The Commanding Officer of Artillery on each side
is to take care that a Man is constantly ready in the differ-
ent Redoubts to give the Signals.

Brigadier Gen^ Arnold will take the Command of all the
Troops in the flat Ground North of Ticonderoga and of the
Yessells which Guard the Boom, the Stone Redoubt upon
the Point included.

Brig. Gten^ St Clair will take the Command of the
French lines advanced posts and Works depending thereon.

Memoirs of Briffadter-Chneral John Laceyy of Pernio. 609

The Brigades upon M* Independance upon the Signal of
a Gten^ Alarm being fired to repair to their respectiye alarm
posts & receive and obey the orders of Colo* Stark, Colo*
Patterson & Colo* Poor.

The Brigade late Gkn* Arnolds is to be joined by Colo*
MottB ft Colo* Swifts Segments of Militia & to be under
the Command of Colo* Poor.

Hbad Q. Oct' «7"» '76.

All the Troops off duty to be under Arms at One o'Clock
at their respective alarm posts when upon a Signal given by
fireing one piece of Cannon from the K. E. angle of the
Coveret Way of the Old Fort, the whole will give three
Cheers, for the Glorious success with which it has pleased
providence to bless the Arms of the United States on the
18*** Instant in defeating the Army of the Enemy near West
Chester in the State of New York.

As the Enemy's attack will most probably be Bash &
Sudden, the Gen* Earnestly recommends to every Com-
manding Officer to be deliberate and cool in suffering his
men to fire, never allowing them to throw away their shot
in random or unsoldierlike manner. One close well directed
fire at the distance of eight or ten rods will do more towards
defeating an Enemy, than all the scattered and random
shots fired in a whole Day.

The Commanding Officers of Artillery will give proper
directions in this respect to all under their Command. The
good effects of a due observance of this Order will, with the
£Etvour of Heaven secure us Victory.

Brigade Orders.

Gen* S* Clair is sorry to have observed that in some of the
Corps of his Brigade, few of the Officers appear at the
Alarm post with the Men in the Morning — Can they expect
such a piece of Negligence will not be followed by them —
is their any hardship to which the soldiers are necessarily
exposed, that the Officers would not wish to share with

610 Memoirs of Brigadier-Oeneral John Laceyy of Pama.

them, and set them the example with bearing with cheer-
fullness & Fortitude, or can they reasonably expect that their
Ardour so necessary at Preasent can be kept up without it.
He hopes this will be sufKcient to prevent such negligence
for the future and expects that at All times when the Bri-
gades are under Arms the Officers will be at their proper
Posts. Should any be found so lost to all sense of duty as
to disregard this caution they must expect to be tryed and
punished for disobedience of Orders. The Commanding
Officers of Regiments are to be carefull in reporting all
such delinquents under their Commands.

On the morning of the 28*'' of October, word was brought
by our Scouts and look out Boats on the lakes, that the
Enemy were approaching, both by land and Water. A
Gen* Alarm was fired, and every one hurryed to his post.
All was bustle, the whole camp presented a teriffic blaze of
Fire Arms issuing from every quarter to prepare for Battie,
which was momently expected to commence. CoUem after
CoUem presented their fronts along the lines, with fixed
Byonet, whose glissining fire Arms reflecting the bright
raise of the Sun presented a luster from their tablits more
radient than the sun itself — ^what mind could resist a flash
like this. The sounds of the Drums to Arms, the reports
of the Alarm Cannon, and the crye of the Seargents to the
men in hurrying them from their Tents of Turn outy Ham
cm/, would make even a Coward brave. These were, how-
ever, the times that tryed mens souls, & here only, the sun-
shine & summer soldier srunk from the expected conflict.
I will throw a vail over some names who but the evening
before bosted over a Glass of Grog, what feats they in-
tended to do on the approach of the Enemy, now srunk with
sickning apathy within the cover of their Tents & Markees,
never appeared to head their Men, leaving that task to their
Subalterns to perform. On finding at last the Enemy had
made a Halt, and that this movement was only to cover
a reconitering firom them, they came out as boald soldiers

Memoirs of Brigadier-General John Lacey^ of Pemia. 611

as ever, complaming only of a little sick headake. On the
day after the before mentioned reincoanter, G^n^ Gates the
Commander in Chief issued the following Gen^ Orders.

Head Quabtbbs Oct' 29"^ '76.
The Gen^ returns his thanks to the Officers and Soldiers
of the whole Army for the alert and spirited manner with
which they proposed to &ee the Enemy yesterday. And
particularly to the Regiments of Seed, Poor & Greaton^ for
the dispatch they made in crossing the Lake immediately
on their being ordered to Reinforce the French lines ft
Redoubts.

This Order is a proof of the Activity and ready willing-
ness of the Troops ; they were indeed in high Spirits, and
seme to vie with each other who should first arive at their
respective alarm Posts. I viewed the Men and observed
their Countenances with pleasure, to be animated and not a
ray of fear depicted in the feu^e of any of them, and am
confident had the Enemy made an attack at that time, they
would not have dishonoured either themselves or their
Country. Their view however, was otherwise, perhaps to
trye us, and to make a view of our Camp, situation k
Strength, no doubt Gen^ Burgoin who commanded at
Crown Point, was with his suit on the Point of some of the
Mountains with Glasses overlooking our Encampment,
Fortifications & Troops, and not very well liking our posi-
tion and appearance, towards the close of the Day the
British Army retired, not having came nearer to us than
what we call half way Point, three miles from Ticondiroga,
but from which we & they had a &ir view of each other.
Ab the Enemy approached our Scouts & Pickets, retired
without firing. TVithin supporting distance of our lines,
they halted for their reception. Nothing worth noticing
after this affidr took place between the Enemy and Our
Army, and on the 18th. of November we rec'd information
they had evacuated Crown Point and gown Over the Lake

612 Memoirs of Brigadier-OeMral John Laceyj of Perma.

toward 8* JohnB^ giving up the ftirther contest for the
Present In the i^moon of the same Day Gen^ QMm
issued the following Orders.

Head Quabtbbs, Not' 18«* 1776.
The first Battalion of Pennsylvanians^ the first and second
of the New Jersey Regiments to be taken off Duty and
prepare to embark for Fort Gteorge, as soon as the Batteaus
arrive that will be appointed to carry them over the Lake.
The Commanding Officers of Regiments, are to be answer-
able for any damage that is done to any of the Hutts or
Buildings belon^ng to their Respective Regiments or Corps.
The Troops that return home should be careful to preserve
every thing that can in the least Degree be usefull to those
who remain here. Those Corps which leave the Armey
are to return in all their Ammunition to the Commissary
of Artillery. The Guards are to be lessened agreeably to a
Detail given to the Majors of Brigades this Day.

Here ended the Northern Campaign for the year 1776.
The Troops began to prepare for their return to their re-
spective Homes & States ; from this time nothing was heard
but congratulations on the termination of the Campaign,
and spedy return to their Homes. Colo* Wayne Ordered
one Officer from each Company to leave Ticonderoga and
return to Pennsy* to recruit to fill up the Regiment on the
New Inlistments for during the War. The remainder of
the Re^ment whose times did not expire untill February
were to stay here. The Command at this place was ^ven
to Wayne by order of Gten* Gkttes.

Conceiving the time had now arived, and this a fidr op-
ertunity I resolved to leave the Army according to my
former resolution. I was reported as one of the Officers to
return ; Wayne being willing thus to get rid of me, agreed
to my departure. In a few Days after we left the Encamp-
mentSy crossed Lake G^rge in Batteaus, proceeded on
through Albany, and down the North River by water about
sixty Miles when we struck across the Country to avoid the

Memoirs of Brigadier-Ghneral John Ldcey^ of Pemvou 618

Enemy — came through the Town of Asopos and hit the
Biver Delaware some distance above the Blew Mountain,
crossed it and continued our course through Pennsylvania,
passed the Wind Qap in the Blew Mountidn, came by
Nazareth k Bethlehem, crossed the Lehigh Biver at the last
mentioned place, and after travelling a few miles I left the
other Officers, came to Durham, and from thence took the
Main Boad through Bucks County to my Father's in
Buckingham Township where I once more arived in
safety about the first of December, the Family all well.

At Asopus I purchased a Horse, and having rode the
remainder of the way was very little &ttigued, but much
pleased on geting home, and from under the Power of such
a Tyrent as Colo^ Wayne, who I was determined to keep
dear of for the remainder of my life, conceiving his Arbi-
tary and despotic conduct to be worse than the Chains of
the Enemy we were opposing. I was however, greatly
alarmed on finding the Enemy had persued Gten^ Washing-
ton to Trentown in the state of New Jersey, where they had
gone into Winter Quarters. The Gen* with the remnant ot
his Troops had crossed the Delaware, and were encampt
along the Western border of that Biver from Bristol to
Coryel's Ferry, k scattered all through the Country.

The first thing after my return was to enquire after my
old Friend Colo* Housiker, and learning his Begiment was
stationed some distance up the Biver Delaware on the Penn-
sylvania fidde, I hastened to see him. He was much pleased
or apeared to be so, to see me. I informed him of my de-
termination to leave the Armey, and as he was aquainted
with Colo* Wayne's Conduct to me, I wished him, as he
had professed to be my friend, to advise me what he
thought I had better do, and how I ought to Act He
candidly sidd altho he had advised me to continue in the
Armey while at mcondiroga, the same causes could not
operate in my present situation, that I might now leave it
with reputation, having served out the Campain. To re-
main under Colo* Wayne, I had no prospect of peace or
VOL. XXV. — 33

614 Memoirs of Brigadier'Oeneral John Lacty^ of Penna.

happiness, that he was my Personal Enemy, would oppose
all perferment, and might have it in his Power to do me a
serious injury, and thought I had better resign. He said
many other things derogatory to the American Armey and
extolled that of the British. I found before I left him that
he was disgusted, and determined to leave the Armey him-
self before long. I left him the Night before the Capture
of the Hessians at Trentown, and never saw him afterwards ;
unfortunate and unhappy man, in a few days from that time,
he went over to the Enemy between Trentown & Princetown.
My Friends & Relatives being all disaffected to the
American Cause, and Friendly to the British, laboured with
me to abandon the American Armey. My Uncles assured
me they would procure me a Commission of a field Officer
— that is a Major or Colo^ if I would go over to the Enemy
and join their Armey — ^four of my Cousins Chapmans had
ahready gone. That it was impossible to oppose the prowess
of the British Arms, that America would be conquered by
them, and that every one found in Arms would be hung or
Banished the Country. That now was my time to come off
safe, which if I neglected to do or refused to do, I never
would have another opertunity. My Uncles urged that I
had nothing to expect from such hot headed men as com-
posed the American Armey Officers, and having learnt the
ill treatment of Colo' Wayne to me, pressed me hard to
fi)llow their advice; but their intreaties were all in Vain, I
had entered into the American Cause on principle, was a
Patriot from motives of the purest kind, my integrity waa
not to be shaken, I remained firm, and told my Uncle
Abraham, who said he was authorised by my other IJnclea
to advise with me, that I was determined to persue the
cause I had embarked in, and from which nothing but
Death could detach me, firmly determined to rise or £Etll
with the Liberty and Independance of my Country. My
Uncle dispared of gaining me over to his cause, made me
promise not to betray him, and keep what he had said to
me, a perfect secret, as he had been induced to do it from

Memoirs of Brigadier-Greneral John Laeeyy of Pemia. 615

motives of the purest affection, of love k Friendship. Here
ended all treaty of the kind between us forever. I had
one Relative, an Uncle by my Father's side, John TVilkin-
son Esq% who married a sister of my Father, a man of
Property, sound sense and unblemished Character, he was
indeed a Friend to his Country, a uniform Whig, had taken
an early part on the side of Liberty, was in the Convention
in forming the Constitution of the State, and now wae a
Member of the Assembly from BucIcb County. Conceiving
his Council more congenial to my own inclination, I was
determined to follow it and resigned my Commission to the
Council of Safety, still setting in Philad\ To which I
attached a narrative of Colo' Wayne's treatment to me, and
stating that alone aa the only cause of my Resignation, and
for abandoning the Armey, My resignation waa Received,
and I again retired to the level of a private Citizen, It waa
with regret I gave up a military life, as I had become
attached to it, made some progress in the Military Scien(^,
and the Discipline of an Armey.

(To be continued.)

616 Dean Juoker's Pamphlet.

DEAN TUCKBB'S PAMPHLET.
^A Lima moM ▲ mirohant in London to his niphiw in

NORTH AMSRIOA,'* 1766.

(Continaed from page 822.)

But as yoa Americans do not chose to remember any
thing, which we have done for yon ; — though we, and our
Children shall have Cause to remember it till latest Pos-
terity;— let us come to the Topic, which you yourselves do
wish to rest your Cause upon, and which you imagine to be
the Sheet Anchor of your State Vessel. "You are not
represented; and you are Two Millions: therefore you
ought not to be taxed.'' We are not represented; and we
are Six Millions: therefore we ought not to be taxed.
Which now, even in your own Sense of Things, have most
Reason to complain? And which Grievance, if it be a
Grievance, deserves first to be redressed.^ Be it therefore
supposed, that an Augmentation ought to take place in our
House of Commons, in order to represent in Parliament the
prodigious Numbers of British Subjects hitherto unrepre-
sented. In this Case the first Thing to be done, is to settle
the Proportion. And therefore if Two Millions (the Num-
ber of Persons actually represented at present) require Five
hundred and Fifty-eight Representatives (which I think is
the Number of our modem House of Commons) how many
will Six Millions require ? — ^The Answer is, that they wiU
require One thousand Six hundred and Seventy-four Repre-
sentatives. Now this is the first Augmentation, which is to

^ Bj all means redrees jour own Qrieyanoes. If jou are not just to your
own People, how can we trast 70a? We ask no Bepreeentation among
you. Bat if you hare any thing wrong among yoorselyeB, rectlQr it^
and do not make one I^jostice a Precedent & Plea for doing another.
That would be increasing Evil in the World instead of diminishing it
[B.F.]

Bean Tucker^s PampfdeL 617

be made to our List of Parliament Men. And after the
Increase, we are to be furnished, by the same Rule of Pro-
portion, with Five hundred and Fifty-eight more from the
Colonies, So that the total Numbers will be Two thousand,

SbVBN hundred and NiNBTT BBPBESBNTATiyES IN PARLIA-
MENT ! * A goodly Number truly ! and very proper for the
Dispatch of Business ! Oh, the Decency and Order of such
an Assembly! The TVisdom and Gravity of Two thou-
sand. Seven hundred and Ninety Legislators all met to-
gether in one Boom ! What a Pity is it, that so hopefiil a
Project should not be carried into immediate Execution ! *

But, my noble Senator; — ^for certainly you yourself must
figure away in such an august Assembly ; — ^permit an old
Man to reveal one Secret to you, before you proceed any
farther in your representing Scheme : viz. That the Com-
plaint itself of being imrepreserUedy is entirely £Eilse and
groundless. For botii the Six Millions at home, and the
Two Millions in the Colonies, are all represented already.
This perhaps may startie you : but nevertheless this is the
Fact. And though I have hitherto used a different Lan-
guage merely to accommodate myself to your Ideas, and to
confute your Folly in your own Way, I must now tell
you, that every Member of Parliament represents you and
me, and our Interests in all essential Points, just as much
as if we had voted for him. For though one Place, or one
Set of Men may elect, and send him up to Parliament, yet,
when once he becomes a Member, he is then the equal
Guardian of all.' And he ought not, by the Duty of his
Oflice, to shew a Preference to his own Town, City, or
County, but in such Cases only, where a Preference shall

' You need not be ooncem'd about the Number to be added from
America. We do not desire to come among jou. — ^But jou maj make
some Boom for jour own additional Members by removing those that
are sent by the rotten Burroughs. [B. F.]

' This Banter very useless & silly. [B. F.]

' In the same Manner M' Dean, are the Pope & Cardinals Bqpresenta-
tiyes of the whole Christian Church. Why don't you ob^ them ?
[B. F.]

518 Dean Tucker's Pamphlet.

not interfere with the general Gk)od. Nay, he ought in
Conscience to give his Vote in Parliament againat the Sense,
and agfdnst the Instructions of his Electors, if he should
think in his Conscience, that what they require, is wrong
in itself, is illegal or injurious, and detrimental to the public
Wel&re. This then being the Case, it therefore follows,
that oier Birminghams, Manchesters, Leeds, Halifaxes, &c.
and yowr Bostons, New-Yorks, and Philadelphias, are all as
reallyy though not so nominally represented, as any Part
whatsoever of the British Empire : — And that each of these
Places have in Fact, instead of one or two, not less than
Five hundred and Fifty-eight Guardians in the British
Senate.^ A Number abundantly sufficient, as &r as human
Prudence can suggest, or the present imperfect State of
Things will permit,. for the Security of our Bights, and the
Preservation of our Liberties.

But perhaps you will say. That though it may be a Sena-
tor's Duty to regard the Whole rather than a Part, and to
be the equal Protector of all ; — yet he will, in feet, regard
that most, which can best promote his own Interest, and
secure his Election another Time. It may be so: — ^For
who can guard against all Possibility of Banger ? And
what System can there be devised, but may be attended
with Liconveniences and Lnperfections in some Bespect, or
other ? — ^Nevertheless, if your general Objection proves any
Thing, it proves a great deal too much : For it proves, that
no Man ought to pay any Tax, but that only, to which the
Member of his Town, City, or County hath particularly
assented : — ^because all other Members being chose by other
Persons, and not by him, and perhaps by Persons of an oppo-

' What occasion ia there then, my dear Sir, of being at the Trouble
of Elections ? The Peen alone would do as well for our Ghiardiana tho'
chosen bj the King or bom such. If their present Number is too small,
his Majesty may be good enough to add 558, or make the present House
of Commons & their Heirs Male Peers for ever. If haying a Vote in
Elections would be of no use to us, how is it of any to you. — ^Elections
are the Cause of much Tumult, Biot, Contention & Mischief; get rid
of them at once h forever. [B. F.]

Dean Tucker's Pamphlet. 619

site Interest, are therefore not his Representatives, and con-
sequently not the true Guardians of Aw Property. — ^Being
therefore wUhofui a Bepresentative in such a Parliament, he is
under no Obligation to obey its Laws, or pay any of its Taxes,^
Where now, my Friend, will you turn ? And what can
you do, to extricate yourself from the Difficulties which
arise on all Sides on this Occasion ? You cannot turn about,
and say, that the other Representatives, whom this Man
never chose, and for whom he had no Vote to give, and
against whom perhaps he had particular Exceptions, have
nevertheless a Right of taxing him, because he makes a
Part of the Body Politic implied in, and concluded by the
rest; — you cannot say this, because the Bootbikb of Impu-
OATIOH is the very Thing to which you object, and against
which you have raised so many Batteries of popular Noise
and Clamour.* Nay, as the Objection is entirely of your
own making, it must go still further : for if your Argu-
ment is good for any thing, it is as good for North America
as it is for Great Britain : and consequently you must main-
tain, that all those in your several Provinces who have no
Votes ' (and many Thousands of such there are) and also
all those Votes, whose Representatives did not expressly
consent to the Act of your Assemblies for raising any of
your own provincial Taxes,— ought not to be compelled to

^ You Beem to take jour Nephew for a Simpleton, M' Dean. Every
one who votes for a BepresentatiTe knows & intends that the Majority ia
to gOTem ; and that the Consent of the Majority is to be understood as
the Consent of the whole A that being ever the Case in all deUberative
Assemblies. [B. F.]

' How fiur, my dear Sir, would you yourself carry the Doctrine of
Implication. If important Positions are to be imply'd when not ex-
pressed, I suppose you can have no Objection to their being imply^d
where some Expression countenances the Implication. If you should
say to a Friend, I am your humble Servant, Sir, ought he to imply from
thence that you will clean his Shoes ? [B. F.]

' No Freeholder in North America is without a Vote. Many who
have no Freeholds have nevertheless a Vote, w^ indeed I do not think
was necessary to be allowed. [B. F.]

620 Dean Tocher's Pamphlet.

pay them. These now are the happy ConeequenceB of your
own PrincipleB, feirly, clearly, and evidently deduced : Will
you abide by them ? *

But however, not to push you into more AbeurditieB of
this Elnd, let us wave the present Point, and come to
another. For, after all your doleful Complidnts, what if it
should appear, that these Five hundred and Fifty-eight
Parliamentary Guardians, who represent you only by
Implication^ have, in Fact, been kinder and more bountiful to
you Americans, than they have been to their own British
Voters, whom they represent by Nomination f And, what
if even this Argument, so full of Sorrow and Lamentation,
should at last be retorted upon you, and made to conclude,
like all the rest, the very Reverse of what you intended 7
This, I believe, is what you little expected : but neverthe-
less, this is the Case. For if there be any Partiality to be
complained of in the Conduct of the British Parliament, it
will appear to be a Partiality in Favour of the Colonies, and
against the Mother Country. — ^Do you demand my Author-
ity for this Assertion ? I will give it you : The Statutes of
the Realm are my Authority; and surely you cannot d^
mand a better. By these then it will appear, that a Colo-
nist, and consequently subordinate to the Mother Country
in the very Nature of Things, is nevertheless put upon a
better Footing, in mmiy Respects^ than an Inhabitant of
Great Britain. By these it will appear, that the Parliament,
like an over indulgent Parent to a &vourite, froward Child,
hath been continually heaping Favours upon you, which we
were not permitted to taste. Thus, for Example, you have
your Choice, whether you will accept of my Price for your
Tobacco,— or after brining it here, whether you will carry
it away, and try your Fortune at another Market : * but I

^ Not of our Principles but of what jou are pleas' d to imagine each.
[B.F.3

' A great KindnesB this, to oblige me first to bring it here that the
Expence of another Voyage & Freight may deter me from carrying it
away, & oblige me to tiJce the Price you are pleas'd to offer. [B. F.]

Dean Tucker^s Pamphlet. 621

have no alternative allowed, being obliged to buy yours at
your own Price ; or else pay such a Duty for the Tobacco
of other Countries, as must amount to a Prohibition.^ ^^y,
in order to favour your Plantations, I am not permitted to
plant this Herb on my own Estate, though the Soil should
be ever so proper for it* Again, the same Choice, and the
same Alternative are allowed to you, and denied to me, in
regard to Bice; with this additional Advantage, that in
many Bespects you need not bring it into England at all,
unless you are so minded.' — ^And what will you say in Rela-
tion to Hemp ? The Parliament now gives you a Bounty
of 8 1. per Ton for exporting your Hemp from North
America; * but will allow me nothing for growing it here

^ Yon lay a Duty on the Tobacco of other Ck)antrie6y because you
must pay Money for that, but get onn in Exchange for your Manu-
fEustoree. [B. F.]

' Tobacco is not permitted to be planted in England, lest it ah' inter-
fere with Oom neceeaary for your Subaistence. [B. F.]

' Bice you cannot raise. It requires 11 Months, your Summer is too
short Nature not the Law denies you this Product. [B. F.]

^ Did eyer any North American bring his Hemp to England for
this Bounty? We have yet not enough for our own Consumption.
We begin to make our own Cordage. You want to suppress that
Manufacture A would do it by getting the raw Material from us:
You want to be supply' d with Hemp for your Manufactures, A Russia
demands Money. These were the Motives for giving what you are
pleased to call a Bounty to us. We thank you for your Bounties.
We love you & therefore must be oblig'd to you for being good to your-
selves.— ^You do not encourage raising Hemp in England, because you
know it impoverishes the richest Ground ; your Land Owners are all
against it. — ^What you call Bounties given by Parliament and the So-
ciety are nothing more than Inducements offered us, to induce us to
leave Employments that are more profitable & engage in such as would
be less so without your Bounty ; to quit a Business profitable to our-
selves and engage in one that shall be profitable to you ; — this is the true
Spirit of all your Bounties. Your Duties on foreign Articles are from
the same Motives. Pitch, Tar & Turpentine used to cost you 5£ a Bar-
rel when you had them from Foreigners who us'd you ill into the Bar-
gain, thinking you could not do without them. You gave a Bounty of
6/ a Barrel to the Colonies, & they have brought you such Plenty as to
reduce the Price to 10/ a BarreL Take back your Bounties when you

522 Dean Tucker's Pamphlet.

in England ; nay, will tax me very severely for fetching it
from any other Country ; though it be an Article most es-
Bentially necessary for all the Purposes of Shipping and
Navigation. Moreover in respect to the Culture of Baw
Silk, you have an immense Parliamentary Premium for that
Purpose; and you receive farther Encouragements from
our Society for Arts and Sciences, which is continually
adding fresh Rewards: — but I can receive no Encourage-
ment either from the one, or from the other, to bear my
Expences at first setting out; — though most undeniably the
white Mulberry-Trees can thrive as well on my Grounds, as
they can in Switzerland, Brandenburgh, Denmark, or Swe-
den, where vast Quantities are now raising. Take another
instance : Why shall not I be permitted to buy Pitch, Tar,
and Turpentine, — ^without which I cannot put my Ships to
Sea; — and Indigo, so useful in many Manufactures; — why
shall not I be permitted to purchase these Articles wherever
I can, the best in their kind, and on the best Terms ? — ^No,
I shall not; for though they are all raw Materials, which
therefore ought to have been imported Duty free, yet I am
restrained by an heavy Duty, almost equal to a Prohibition,
from purchasing them any where, but from you : — Whereas
you on the contrary, are paid a Bounty for selling these
very Articles, at the only Market, in which you could sell
them to Advantage, viz. the English.'

please, Bince jou upbraid us with them. Buy jour Indigo, Pitch Bilk
& Tobacco where you please, & let us buy our Manufactures where we
please. I &ncy we shall be Gainers. — ^I am sick of these forged ObliffaUom.

As to the great Kindness of these 558 Parliamentary Guardians of
American Priyileges, who can forbear smiling that has seen the Naviga-
tion Act^ the Hatter's Act, the Steel, Hammer & Slit Iron Acts, &
numberless others restraining our Trade, obstructing our ManufiMstures,
& forbidding us the Use of the Gifts of God & Nature. Hopeftd Guar-
dians truly I Can it be imagined that if we had a reasonable Share in
electing them from time to time they would thus have us'd us? [B. F.]

^ Those who have not the Statutes at large, may see the Things here
referred to, and many others of the like Sort, in Crouche's or Saxby's
Book of Bates.^

^ See the Statutes too for the Navigation Act [B. F.]

Dean Tucker's Pamphlet 628

Much more might have been said on this Subject : and
the like Obeervations might have been extended to the
Sugar Colonies. But I forbear. — ^For indeed enough has
been said already (and as it exposes our Partiality and In-
&tuation a little severely, perhaps too much) — in order to
prove to the World, that of all People upon Earth, you have
the least Reason to complain.

— But complain you will : And no sooner is one Recital
of imaginary Grievances silenced and confuted ; ^ but, like
the Hydra in the Fable, up starts another. Let us see
therefore, what is your next Objection, which I think, is the
last, that with all your Zeal, and €k)od-will, you are able to
muster up. — ^^ The Inexpediency and Excessiveness of such
a Tax ! a Tax ill-timed in itself, and ill digested ! unseason-
ably laid on! and exceeding all Rules of Proportion in
regard to the Abilities of those, who are to pay it !" *

Now, my Friend, had there been any Truth in these As-
sertions, which I shall soon make to appear, that there is
not; — ^but had there been ; — ^the Plea itself comes rather of
the latest, and out of Place, from you ; — ^from you, I say,
who peremptorily object to the very Power and Authority of
the British Parliament of laying any internal Taxes upon the
Colonies, great or Small, or at any Time seasonable, or un-
seasonable. And therefore, had you been able to have
proved the Illegality of such a Tax, it would have been
quite superfluous to have informed us afterwards, that this
Usurpation of your Rights and Liberties was either an exces-
fidve, or an unseasonable Usurpation. But as you have failed
in this first Point; nay, as all your own Arguments have
proved the veryreverseof what you intended; — and veryprob-
ably , as you yourself was not originally quite satisfied witii the
Justice of your Cause; — and must have seen abundant Reason
before this mme to have altered your former hasty, and rash

' It is jour GonfiitationB that are imaginary. [B. F.]
' All these Objections were only to show how unequal the Parliam« was
to the Business of Taxing the Colonies if the Bight had been with them,
from their Ignorance of CSrcnmstances & Abilities. [B. F.]

524 Dean Tucker's PampfdeL

Opinion ; — ^I will therefore wave the Advantage, and now de-
bate the Point with yon, as though you had acknowledged
the Parliamentary Right of Taxation, and only excepted to
the Quantom, or the Mode, the "nme, or the Manner of it^
Now two Things are here to be discussed; first, the
pretended JEzcessiveness of the Tax; secondly, the Urir
seasonableness of it As to the Excessiveness of the Stamp
Duties, the Proof of this must depend upon the Proof
of a previous Article, viz. the relative Poverty and In-
ability of those, who are to pay it But how do you pro-
pose to make out this Point? And after having given
us for some Years past such displays of your growing
Biches and increasing Magnificence, as perhq>s never any
People did in the same Space of Time ; how can you now
retract and call yourselves a poor People ? Kemember, my
young Man, the several Expostulations I had with your de-
ceased Father on the prodigious Increase of American
Luxury. And what was his Reply ? Why, that an Increase
of Luxury was an inseparable Attendant on an Increase of
Riches; And that, if I expected to continue my North
American Trade, I must suit my Cargo to the Taste of my
Customers ; and not to my own old-fiushioned Notions of
the Parsimony of former Days, when America was a poor
Country. Remember therefore the Orders pven by
him, and afterwards by you, to have your Assortment
of Goods made richer, and finer every Year. And are
your Gold and Silver Laces; — ^your rich Brocades, Silks,
and Velvets; — ^your Plate, and China, and Jewels; —
your Coaches and Equipages; — ^your sumptuous Furni-
ture, Prints, and Pictures. — ^Are all these Things now laid
aside? Have you no Concerts, or Assemblies, no Play
Houses, or Gaming Houses now subsisting ? Have you put
down your Horse Races and other such like Sports and Di-
versions ? and is the Luxury of your Tables, and the Variety
and Profusion of your Wines and Liquors quite banished

^ We see in you abundance of Self Conceit^ bat no oonyindng Aiga-
ment [B. F.]

Dean Tucker^s Pamphlet. 626

fix)m among you ? ^ — ^These are the Questions^ which you
ought to answer, before an Estimate can be made of your
relative Poverty, or before any Judgment can be formed
concerning the Excessiveness of the Tax.

But I have not yet done with you on this Head. For
even though you were poor (which you know, you are not,
compared with what you were Thirty Years ago) it may
nevertheless happen, that our relative Poverty may be found
to be greater than yours. And if so, when a new Burthen
is to be laid on, the proper Question is, which of these two
Sorts of poor People, is the best able, or, if you please, the
best unable to bear it ?— especially if it be taken into the
Account, that this additional Load is an American Burthen,
and not a British one. Be it therefore granted, according
to what you say, that you are Two MilUons of Souls : be it
also allowed, as it is commonly asserted, that the Public
Debt of the several Provinces amounts to about 800,000 1.
Sterling : and in the next Place, be it supposed, for Argu-
ment's sake, that were this general Debt equally divided
Among the Two Millions, each Individual would owe about
the Value of Eight Shillings. Thus stands the Account on
one side.* Now we in Britain are reckoned to be about

^ This should be a Oaution to AmericaiiB how they indulge for the ftitnre
in BritiBh Luxuries. See here British Qenerosity I The People who haye
made you poor by their worthless I mean useless Commodities, would now
make you poorer by Taxing you : And from the very Inability you haye
brought on yourselves by a Partiality for their Fashions & Modes of
Living, of which they have had the whole Profit^ would now urge your
Ability to pay the Taxes they are pleas' d to impose. Beject then their Com-
merce as well as their pretended Power of Taxing. Be frugal & industrious,
& you will be free. — The Luxury of your Tables, which could be known to
the English only by your hospitably entertaining, is by these grateftil Guests
now made a Charge against you, & given as a Reason for taxing you. [B. F.]

' I have heard, M' Dean, that you have studied Political Arithmetick
more than Divinity, but by this Sample of it I fear to very littie pur-
pose. If personal Service were the Matter in Question, out of so many
MiUions of Souls so many Men might be expected, whether here or in
America. But when raising Money is the Question, It is not the Num-
ber of Souls but the Wealth in Possession, that shows the Ability. If
we were twice as numerous as the People of England it would not follow

626 Dean Tucker's Pamphlet.

Eight Millions of Souls ; and we owe almost One hundred
and forty-four Millions of Money: which Debt, were it
equally divided among us, would throw a Burthen upon
each Person of about 18 1. Sterling. This then being the
State of the Case on both sides ; would it be so capital an
Offence ? would it be High-Treason in us to demand of you,
who owe so little, to contribute equally with ourselves, who
owe so much, towards the public Expences; — and such Ez-
pences too as you were the Cause of creating ? * Would it be
a Crime of a Nature so very heinous and diabolical, as to call
forth the hottest of your Rage and Fury ? Surely no : —
And yet, my gentle Friend, we do not so much as ask
you to contribute equally with ourselves, we only demand,
that you would contribute something.^ — ^And what is this
something? why truly it is, that when we raise about
Eight Millions of Money annually upon Eight Millions
of Persons, we expect, that you would contribute One hun-
dred thousand Pounds (for the Stamp Duty upon the
Continent alone, without comprehending the Islands, cannot
possibly amount to more) I say, we expect, that you should
contribute One hundred thousand Pounds to be raised on Two
Millions : that is, when each of us pays, one with another,
Twenty ShUUngs per Head, we expect, that each of you
should pay the Sum of One Shilling ! Blush ! blush for shame
at your perverse and scandalous Behaviour!* — ^Words still
more keen, and perhaps more just, are ready to break forth,
through an honest Indignation : — ^but I suppress them.

that we are half hb able. There are Numbers of single Estates in Eng-
land each worth a hundred of ours, the best in N. A. The City of
London alone is worth all the Provinces of N. America. [B. F.]
^ This Lie is forever repeated by these Writers. [B. F.]
' The Colonies have ever been willing & ready to contribute in Pro-
portion to their Ability, & have done it in various ways. [B. F.]

' Blush for shame at your own Ignorance M' Dean, who do not know
that the Colonies haves Taxes & heavy ones of their own to pay, to
support their own Civil & military Establishments I and that the Shil-
lings should not be reckoned upon Heads, but upon Pounds. There
never was a sillier Argument [B. F.]

(To be continued.)

Letters of Presidents and ''Ladies of the White House.'' 627

LBTTBES OP PKBSIDBNTS OP THE UNITED STATES
AND "LADIES OP THE WHITE HOUSE."

(Continued from page. 865.)

Oak hill, Aug* 5. 1828
Dbab Sib

I had the pleasure, on my retam from the University of
"Virg*, to receive your favor of the 29*^ ulto, and regret very
much, that I have not been able to find, a copy of my letter
to General La Fayette, inviting him, in complyance with a
resolution of both houses of Congress, to make his late visit
to our country. On my return from N. York, I had not
time, to make the necessary examination of my papers,
but since my return from the University, I have made a
thorough search, and find the enclosed, only, which acknowl-
edges the receipt of my letter, and informs me of a previous
answer, which he had given to it As I came through the
city, I left a note for the dep^t of State, requesting that a
search might be made in it, for a copy of my letter with his
answer, and have since been informed, that they have not
been found. I am satisfied that they were either deposited
there, or among the archives of the Executive, in the house
of the President. In this, I am the more confirmed, from
the circumstance, of having found among my papers here,
the letter which I now enclose, relating to the same subject,
but of a less official character. After perusing it, you will
return it to me at your leisure. All that I can do, to pro-
mote your object, will be, if you will be so kind, as to for-
ward to me, the copy which you have in French, to trans-
late it for you into English. As I wrote the original, I
presume, that a mere sketch of the ideas, will enable me to
reduce it, into the proper form, or so nearly to it, as to
make any deviation, altogether immaterial.

In recurring to my correspondence with Qen'l La Payette,

628 Liters of Presidents and ^'Ladies of the White HtmseJ'

my feelings have been much excited, because I have been
carried back, to a very distant period, k in pursuing it,
have reviewed the state in which I found his fiunily in
France, on my arrival there, in 1794 ; his wife being then in
prison, in Paris, under the reign of terror, and he, at OU-
mutz, under that of despotism. My correspondence with
her, k his aids de camp, in regard to her deliverance from
prison, and escape from France, to participate in his fortune,
k with his aids, in what related to himself, cannot be read,
even by an indifferent person, without great sensibility,
with very sincere regard I am
Dear Sir yours —

Jambs Mohrob.^

Mbbidian Hill
Washington 20 March 1829

Thomas Nbwton Esq» Norfolk Va.
My dear Sir

I received your very kind Letter, dated on the day of the
commencement of the new Administration and having had
then a remnant of occupation postponed the answer due to
it from day to day till it were ingratitude to delay it any
longer. On taking leave of public life I cannot forbear to
reciprocate the farewell of one with whom I have been
a fellow Servant of the Nation now upwards of twenty-
five years, and of whose political career and conduct I have
so constantly witnessed the firmness and the integrity. If it
has been truly sidd by a Boman Classic ^^ idem velle, et
idem nolle, eademum est amicetia" — ^the political friendship
between you and me, is of long and uninterrupted standing
— ^I can scarcely remember the occasion upon which a dif-
ference of opinion upon objects of any material importance
has occurred between us — ^I hope you are still destined long
to retain your Seat in the House and should witness cheer-
ftiUy the Reform which should restore you to the Chidr of
the Committee of Commerce.

^ Collection Historical Society of PennBylvania.

Letters of Presidents and ^^ Ladies of the White Hcuse.^^ 629

Your native Commonwealth is also about to reform her
Constitution — ^I shall observe witb great interest the changes
of policy as they proceed in that " magna parens virum." —
Her Constitution is doubtiess susceptible of improvement;
especially in the explication of the principle of Representa-
tion— ^When the political Bark is launched it is not always
easy to see at what Port the gale and the wave may land
her — ^May it be in the Haven of Harmony; of Prosperity,
and ready acquiescence in the lawftil authority of the
Union.

With my fervent good wishes for your individual happi-
ness I remain

Dear Sir, your constant Mend

J. Q. Adams.^

(PmVATE.)

Washington 18 Mar'h 1887
Sir

I take the liberty to introduce to your notice, my Nephew
Lieut Robert C Buchanan recentiy returned from Florida,
where he served throught (sic) tiie Campaigns until dis-
abled by loss of health — ^He was the friend and companion
of poor Izard, and was with him when he died —

We are desirous that he should obtain something in the
line of his Profession in Washington ; and on the strength
of former acquaintance, I am induced to recommend him
to your attention —

Col. Twiggs, and Col. Cutier, will be his vouchers for
good conduct —

I sieze the occasion with pleasure to offer the sentiment
of respect of

Louisa C. Adams.'

Addressed

J R PoiNSBT Esq.

Hon* by M' Buchanan

' Drear Collection, Historical Society of Pennqrlyania.

•Ibid.

VOL. XXV. — 34

680 Letters of Presidents and ^^ Ladies of the White HcuseJ^

My dbar Madam Hermitage Janry 17** 1829

I have received by the hand of our mutual friend M"
M'*Lamare, the inestimable book which you were kind
enough to present to me, to console me under my present
affliction — I thank you kindly for this precious gift, k re-
ceive it as the highest evidence of your friendship, not only
for me, but the dear partner k solace of my life, who,
providence has taken to that clime where the wicked dis-
turb not, " and the weary are at rest."

Gould this world compensate her loss, it might be found
in the reflection, that her virtues, her piety k Christianity,
has ensured her that future happiness, which is promised to
the deciples of Christ — The valuable book you have pre-
sented teach me, that the feeling of resignation to the dis-
pensation of providence, is only the feeling of despair,
when unsupported by his grace— that grace which has
taken from me the dear partner of my bosom, and admon-
ishes me by its sudden, solemn, k afflictive influence that I
must soon follow her — ^your invaluable present will aid me
in my preparation to unite with her in the realms above
never to be seperated.

I pray you to accept my sincere thanks for your kind
present, with the assurance of my high respect friendship k
esteem.

Andrew Jackson ^

MmFogg

Nashville

My Dear Sir, Hermitage June 18**» 1824

I received your Mnd k affectionate letter of the 21'* ult*
through Judge Overton; for which receive the warmest
assurrances of mine, k my dear Husbands thanks.

It is a source of great pleasure to us to know that you
are blessed with health, k the comforts of life ; but above
all that you have an amiable, k an excellent partner, with-
out whom prosperity wants the charm of happy content-
ment,— ^with whom the ills of life whether in the shape of

* Dreer Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Letters of Presidents and ^^ Ladies of the White House" 681

sickness, or adverse fortune, become admonishing lessons
from the Father of all mercies, & strengthen us in the hopes
which are realised in the Mngdom of Jesus — May you &
your amiable lady feel such hopes in prosperity.

I saw a few days since your little daughter Mary. She
is abeautifi]l, & promising girl; k enjoys good health. I
shall never jEeuI to attend to her with all the care in my
power — Her Grandmother k family, who are well, treat her
with great kindness & attention —

Be pleased to present me, with M' J, to your lady, & ac-
cept our united prayers for your mutual health, k happiness.

Raohbl Jackson.^

Jno. M. a. Hamblbn, Esq*.

^ Washikgton Dec* 27, 1889

Dbar Sir

The ofBce of Attorney Gtenl. of the XT. States has become
vacant by the resignation of M' Grundy. Although I have
no reason to suppose that it would be desirable to you to
change your present position in the public service, I have
nevertheless felt it to be my duty to offer the seat in my
Cabinet which has thus been placed at my disposal for your
acceptance, and to assure you that it will afford me sin-
cere pleasure to learn that it will be agreeable to you to
accept it; — a sentiment in which those who would be your
associates, will, I am confident, cordially participate.

Would you decide otherwise, the occasion will have been
presented, k cheerfully embraced, to express the high sense
I entertain of your tidents and also my confidence in your
patriotism, k friendship for the administration.

Please to let me hear from you at your earliest conven-
ience, k believe me to be.

Very respectfully, k

truly your friend

k obedent Serv*

Thb Honblb M. Van Bubbn *

Jambs Buchanan.

* Dreer Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
' Bnchanan Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

682 Letters of Presidents and ''Ladies of the White House.''

NoBTH Bend (O) 20'>' Deo* 1S8S
My dear Sir

By the command of one of the Souvreigns of the Nation

you represent in the Grand Council of Potentates I enclose

you herewith a letter for him k some for other dignitatries

which be pleased to deliver to him on his arrival at the

capital.

You will see by the papers that the M^'Lean flag has be^i

hoisted in Cincinnati & some other places in Ohio. It will

I think wave triumphant in that State I can form no

opinion as to the other Western States.

I am D' Sir

With great Regard

Your Hum Serv*

W. H. Harrison^

P. S. Will you have the goodness to introduce Bei\ja-
min to Judge Wilkins of your house & say that it was at
my request & that I make the further one to him to intro-
duce Benjamin to Mr. Muhlenburgh of the H. of R. from
Pennsylvania.
Addressed)

Hon"* John Ttlbr Esq
of the Senate
U.S.
Washington D. 0.

NORTHBBND FeV 18^ 1852

Sir,

I now will comply with your request, would have done
so sooner, but for my Indisspotion — perhaps it will not now,
be too late— altho it would be quite as pleasing to me should
it be so, I only wish to perform my Dutes in a plain unpre-
tending way — ^Wishing that every blessing may be yours.
Believe me your Friend

Anna Harrison'

Charles L. Theil, Esq*

* Dreer Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
«Ibid.

Letters of Presidents and ''Ladies of the White House:' 688

VntGIKIA

Bhbbwood Fobest Oh" Citt O. H.
March 27. 1855.
Dbar Sir:

I commanded a company of Riflemen daring the war of
1812 — which after serving with the 52 Regiment of "Vir-
ginia Militia for a month at Williamsburg and Providence
Forge in the county of New Kent, was transfer'd to the 2*
Elitfe corps of Virginia at Charles City Court House under
the command of Cd* afterwards Oeneral Moses Green, where
I also serv'd a month as appears by my muster roll of file
among the army returns which I presume are in the posses-
sion of your office — seeing that by the action of the last
Congress I am entitled to land bounty and presuming that
no other evidence is necessary to entitle me to it than a
reference to information already before you, I respectftiUy
solicit your attention to the claim.

I have the honor to be

Truly k Resp^ y"

John Tyler*

P. S. You will find my servant Wittiam most probably
enterd WiUiam Short — also on the muster roll — ^He acted as
my Bowman — ^Is he not entitled to a grant of land ? Xf so
I should be highly gratified to hand his patent to him —

The Commissioner —

My dbar Mrs. Madison

I cannot express my surprize and sorrow last night to
hear from Annie what serious effects had resulted from the
accident which befel you a few nights since — ^In answer to
all my enquiries I have been informed the accident was
slight and you were quite weil —

May I hope to see you if I call to-morrow ? I am liter-
ally overcome with the &tiguee of last nights reception or
I would beg to be admitted today.

* Dreer Collection, Historical Society of PennsylTania.

584 Letters of Presidents and ^^ Ladies of the White House."

Let me know^ Dear Mrs. Madison^ yoar tme condition
by my Brother, who bears this to you, and believe me most
sincerely

Your anxious friend

Julia Gabdinbb Tylbr*
Pbbsidents Mansion
Wednesday Feb^ 6^
Mrs. Madison

Washington Cfty March 19^ 1847
Gbntlbmbn.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of a copy
of your excellent edition of the " Biography of the Signers
of the Declaration of Independence," which you have pre-
sented to me.

Its general perusal cannot fidl to increase the public ad-
miration of the wisdom, and self sacraficing patriotism, of
the illustrious founders of the free Government, under
which it is our happy lot to live. The design and execution
of the work, and the reduced price, at which you offer it
to the public, must commend it to general &vour, and will
I am pursuaded obtain for it, a wide circulation.

Thanking you for the copy which you have presented to
me,

I am With Great Respect
Your Ob* Ser't,

Jambs E. Polk.'
To Mbssbs
Thomas Cowpbbthwaitb & Co.
Philadelphia.

My dbab Sib,

Allow me to make my grateful acknowledgments to you
and to assure you of my appreciation, for the kindness, you
& your femily have extended to my neice Mrs. Fall.

' Dreer Collection, Historical Society of Pennaylyaiiia.
•Ibid.

Letters of Presidents and ''^Ladies of the White HauseJ^ 686

To day I conclude, that she is with you enjoying the
pleasure of your hospitable home. With that dear little
child Sadk^ who has long anticipated the visit. I do trust
they may add to your pleasure.

Although advanced in years, I yet take much interest in
the affiEurs of the country, what do you think of the politi-
cal situation of the day ?

I must make an apology, for this intrusion on your time,
with a note without interest, but with many thanks, I am
most respectftdly,

k truly y"

Mrs. Polk.*
"Polk place"
Oct. 26, 1876

Addressed

Mr. a. Welch,
Chestnut HUl,
Philadelphia,
Pa.

Washington March 20<^ 1849
Hon. J. M. Clayton

Dbar Sir

The communication of this day signed by Mess* Meridith,
Ewing and Johnson with your remarks embraced therein,
on the subject of the appt of gov* for Minesota has just
reached me ; in reply I beg leave to say, no nomination has
been made to fill the place of the individual who was re-
jected for that situation ; nor will there be until I can con-
sult with the Cabinet touching the same —

Very respectfully

Your ob* serv*

Z. Taylor."
P.S.

At the last meeting of the Cabinet it was determined not
to meet again until tomorrow evening; would it not be

^ Dreer Colledaon, Hiatorical Society of Pennsylyania.
•Ibid. .

586 Letters of Presidents and ^^ Ladies of the White House.''

well to meet this eyening at 8 oclock P.M. to arrange the
matter in question^ if so, please notify the other gentlemen.

Z. T.

Mr. Frbnoh
Dbar 8iB)

In reply to your note of this evening I beg leave to say
that Col. Bliss inadvertently omitted dating the invitation
intended for you, and as he is absent this evening, I hasten
to say that the invitation is for six o'clock on Thursday
next. Another one will be sent to you on Monday, and in
the mean time you will please excuse this awkward over-
sight

Very respectfully yours

Betty T. Bliss ^

Saturday eyeniiig.

^ Dreer Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylyania.
(To be continuecL)

Missions at Beading and MorlatUm^ Berks Oo.y Perma. 687

PAPBES KBLATING TO THE FOUNDING BY THE
"SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE GOS-
PELS IN FOREIGN PARTS/' LONDON, OF THE
MISSIONS AT READING AND MORLATTAN, BERKS
COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

OONTBIBUTSD BT B. W, OWBN.

(Concluded from page 882.)

Beading 25 June 1765
Bav"> Sir.

I was honoured w*^ your Favours of June last, & com-
municated the Contents to my Parishioners which has pro-
duced the effects set forth on their Petitions herewith trans-
mitted, by which you'll be pleased to find they have at last
Besolved to provide Churches k to Increase my Salary when
they are finished. . . .

This Town has a promising prospect of Thriving now
that it is Recovering &st from the Ruins of an Indian war
which almost from its beginning has lain hard & nigh upon
it. And for Health, Pleasantness k Convenience for Trade
there is no Inland Town perhaps in America equal to it.
And that it will deserve the very particular care of the
Society to have our Church established upon some firm
Foundation in it ; I doubt not in the least k wherein my
warmest tho' weak Endeavours can be subservient so
desirable k necessary an End I trust they shall never be
wanting.

The sooner you can Return an answer to the Petitions
from this Mission, it will be ye more agreeable, as the
people will do little in the State of Suspense they are till
then, when I hope they shall find Encouragement to pro-
ceed Unanimously in their Undertakings. The Proprietors
of this Province have given orders to Grant a Lot of

688 Missums at Beading and McrUUtanj Berks Oo.y Penneu

Qround in this Town for building an Episcopal Church
when desired, k one Mr. Jones is to grant for its use for-
ever five Acres of Land about two miles Distance from
Town, which tho* of little value just now, may yield some-
thing sometime hence.

That I may, in some Measure, merit the approbation of
the Venerable Society, k y* people committed to my care
is my most hearty desire.

I am most BespectfuUy Rev' Sir

Your most Obliged k very hum^ Serv*

Alex* Mubrat.
The Bav D* Burton.

Philadblphia 8 January 1768.
Bbvbrbnd Sir,

Sir William Johnson it seems, has for some time expected
two Clergymen from ye Society for the proposed Mission at
Johnson hall k Schenectady, but having no accounts of any
being ever yet appointed, as appears by some letters of his
lately to D' Smith k Mr. Barton, wherein he dgnifies that
"if they cannot be got soon, they will come too late":
Accordingly they have been pleased to Becommend me to
him for one of the Missions in case ye Encouragement is
suitable and to this they expect a particular answer from
Sir William after he has communed w* ye people concerned
in these Missions, that there may be no mistakes in the Out-
setting, which are too common in this part of ye World, k
breed such uneasiness afterwards as defeats ye great end of
a Mission ; so that one can hardly be too careful in fixing
his Terms if he reasonably hopes to continue long in one
place k be useful in his holy calling ; which in prudence,
should be as fiEur removed as possible from all occasions of
dispute k discontent upon account of Salary or such like
temporal considerations, especially amidst the Great Body
of Dissenters in America.

Should Sir William then settle the Preliminary Article
to ye peoples Satisfitction k mine I would be glad to know
whether it would be agreeable to ye Society tliat I should

Missions at Heading and MorlaMan^ Berks Cb., Penruju 589

remove from Beading to either of these New Missions, they
have been so indulgent formerly to promise me a Removal
to some more Encouraging place, & as I have reason to be-
lieve that Sir William will settle every thing to my mind, I
hope they will in that event appoint my Translation. This
application may be thought premature, but the design of it
is to prevent further loss of time in having these places sup-
plied k as Sir William has them so much at heart, & is so
warm a Friend to ye Church, it were a pity his Expecta-
tions should be disappointed, therefore allow me to crave an
Answer with all convenient speed. Should I settle at one
of these places I would strive to supply the other occasion- .
ally till a fit person for it was got Upon Receipt of Sir
William's Answer to the Rev* D' Smith upon this Subject
m immediately determine on accepting or not, k shall not
fell to write you again accordingly. Submitting the whole
to the Society's Judgment, I am w*** all deference Rev* Sir
Your most obliged k very affe** Brother
k humble Serv*

Alex* Murray.

The Rbv"> D» Burton.

BsADiNa 25 Sep' 1768
Rbv» Sir

About three weeks ago I Received your Letter of 26*^
March last; k in Obedience to the Society's Instructions
shall lay their Proposals for Augmenting my Salary before
my different Vestries once more, but Fm confident they are
not able to comply w*** them as the Rev* D' Smith assures
me he informed you some time ago, k by whose Advice I
accordingly drew my last Bill for £40.; for the Accept-
ance of which I offer the Society my most grateful acknowl-
edgments, as also for their agreeing to my Removal to John-
son-hall or Schenectady; the last of which Sir William
Johnson was desirous I should accept of, as he did not
doubt but the people there would Contribute something
handsome towards y* support of One so well Recommended
by D' Smith and Mr. Barton ; But as he did not say how

640 Missions at Beading and Morlattany Berks Co., Penna.

much nor what Security the people would give The Doctor
thought it proper to have satis&ction in these particulars &
so wrote Sir William last Spring to that effect, but has never
Received any Answer ; Since then Sir William has been
mostly from home & constantly engaged in Indian AfiiEdrs :
Let me then be no hinderance to the Settlement of either
of these two places. The number of my Parishioners here,
& those of y* Country Church amounts to 880, & several
Dissenters besides Associate w^ us both on Sundays & Holy
Days.

The Communicants since Christmas 1766 have increased
from 6 to 14 ; & accordingly I now dispense the Bucharist
thrice a year on the principal Festivals. Since then also I
have Bf^tized 25 Children & 4 Adult persons, and have at
last established the practice of catechizing the younger peo-
ple after the Sermon in Church, which excites in them a
Commendable Emulation, improves y* Hearers in General,
& stimulates ye Parents & Schoolmasters in particular to
double y* diligence in a Course of private Instruction.
Hence all concerned strive to obtain ye public Approbation
& escape public Censure. Bach Class have y' Task Assigned
them from time to time, w*** a Bepitition of all y* Cate-
chetic Exercises at stated Seasons. This method I trust
in God will make some lasting Impressions of Christian
Knowledge upon their tender minds; & ye Older people
are indeed so very Ignorant that there is hardly uiy
other way they can bear to be instructed in, but this thro'
their Children & with their proficiency, to do them justice,
they are much delighted ; & to forward their Education I
must be soon obliged to apply to the Society for«ome Small
Tracts, of which I shall send you a List

What Relates to the providing a Church a Parsonage
house & Glebe here, I can just now say little about, till I
can have a full Meeting of both Vestries, who must soon
enquire into the State of the Lottery which was drawn last
year for Building some Churches here & in other parts of
this province ; and at same time I shall modestly intimate

Missums at Heading and Morlattarij Berks Oo.y Penna. 541

the Proposals for Increasing my Salary, & in the Interim
only draw for the sum originally granted me.

I hope the Venerable Society will believe that I use my
best Endeavours to promote the pious Ends of my Mission,
notwithstanding of all the Unjust & Ungenerous Animad-
versions which are now a throwing out from y* Printing-
press against our Church & Clergy, by her Old Inveterate
adversaries the Oliverian Independants, & a Sect of SSgh-
flying Presbyterians, who dread Bishops in America because
the &Bt Friends of Monarchy & Subordination, as their
Fathers felt about a Century past; but let me forbear at
present) & subscribe myself

Rev* Sir

Your most affectionate Brother

& very humble Servant

Albx* Murrat.
The Rbv»» D» Burton.

Bbadikg 28 March 1771
Reverend Sir.

The State of my Parish is chiefly the same that it was
last year I wrote you, on the Number of Communicants are
increased to 22 . . . The Number of my Parishioners are
325 of which I baptized 7 Children & 5 besides from the
upper Parts of Philadelphia & Chester Counties. As to the
building of a Church here, we have but lately Received the
last part of the Lottery money that fell to the share of this
place, & the First part, which was lent on Interest, till the
whole should be got, is to be immediately demanded, that
we may buy materials this year to be in Readiness to build
the next at farthest The Lottery money w*** Literest
amounts to £271.10. of our Currency. There was £40.
besides which fell to St Gabriel's Church at Molatton ; this
is already applied towards repairing the same. . . .

Reverend Sir

Tour most obliged &

Very humble Serv*

Alex* Murray,
Rev** D» Burton.

642 Missions at Beading and MorUUtan^ Berks Co.y Penna.

Beading 26 March 1772.
Rbvbbbnd Sib,

I have hardly anything new to communicate concerning
my Parishioners : They continue Orderly & Quiet, amidst
the Clamor & Noise Contention & Evil speaking of the
German Colonists, who are the Body of the people in this
Frontier County, & are every now & then at Variance with
one another or with their ministers ; to the Great Scandal
of Religion, & their Various Professions, which are chiefly
Lutheran and Calvanist, & are both equally distant from our
Church ; the Former as well as the Latter admitting Pres-
byterian Ordination, & both use Organs, Violins & ye Like
in their Worship. The Lutherans of this Town are just
now a Suing & Execrating one another on the Occasion of
Electing a minister & this satis£etction they frequentiy indulge
themselves, being fonder of New Clergy than New Clothes,
which they are Parsimonious enough to wear Threadbare,
& when they are Bipe for a Change of Pastors, they make
them do so too, & so starve them out of place with Cold or
Hunger. Their Subscriptions are scanty at Best, & these
may Continue or withhold annually at pleasure ; for in their
Language they Hire a Minister generally for no longer than
a year, which renders his Office as Contemptible as Poor.
Their Elections are like Polish Diets; they meet again &
again, & as often dissolve in Confusion, till at last tired out,
they submit to any Measure or any Minister for a Time,
which makes ye Settiements short lived & Unsatisfying &
Vacancies long. These sad Effects of Anarchy too evidently
shew the necessity of some Ecclesiastical Government in these
parts of y* World. Must not Christianity in such circum-
stances suffer in the Eyes of the Heathen, whose Morals it
should mend, not Corrupt ? Besides the Members of our
own Church are no more than Men, & may be brought to
think the more Lightly of Religion & its Ministers ; espe-
cially in those places where they are comparatively but a
small number. Has France or Spain, Russia or Turkey left
their Religions in such a Distracted State as ours in British

Missions at Beadiny and MarlattaHj Berks Co.^ Penna. 548

America ? I address a Wise & Zealous Advocate for an
American Episcopate ; " Judge you what I say."

I expect we shall be in condition next Summer to Build
a Church here which is much wanted. The Number of my
Parishioners are 307, of whom 22 are Communicants. I
have baptized last year 20 Children, 7 of whom belonged to
one Family in Chester County. ... I am with all due
Respect

Reverend Sir
Your most obliged hum' Serv*

Alex Mubrat.
Rbv. D» Bubton.

Beading 26 March 1774.
Reverend Sir.

This District of my Mission still feels the Loss it sus-
tained last Year by the Death of some of its Principal
Members : However the Remaining few are desirous to do
their Best to get a Church built, & have exchanged the Lot
of Ground. The Proprietaries of the Province had al-
lowed them in Town for another much more convenient,
but £115. dearer than that, which makes them put off
Building till next Year, that they can collect as much
Money as will defray Additional Bxpence. The number
here Old & Young, is only 127, but they are an Orderly well
disposed people ; as those truely are in the Country District
of Molatton, who are 170 in all. These have repaired their
Old Church, and are very constant Attenders of it.

The Communicants in both Parishes are 19. The Chil-
dren I Baptized last year are 15. . . .

I am with all Respect

Reverend Sir

Your most obliged & very

humble Servant

Alex* Murray
Rev. D* Daniel Burton.

644 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778.

ASSESSMENT OP DAMAGES DONE BY THE BRITISH

TROOPS DURING THE OCCUPATION OF PHILA-
DELPHIA, 1777-1778.

(Concluded from page 885.)

Lower Msrion.

Hugh JoTieSy Jtin^y Assessor.

Brooke, Jonathan £22 10 —

Bicking, Frederick 28 6 —

Crickbaum, Philip 55 6 9

Davis, Jamee 26 10 6

Elliot, Robert 52 2 6

Evans, Peter 80 18 —

Fimple, John 9 8 6

Fimple, George 76 8 6

Goodwin, Thomas 56 19 —

Grover, Joseph 7 2 6

Grover, John 92 1 —

Grover, John 61 8 —

Goodman, John 54 10 9

Hidely, Leonard 66 11 1

Holland, Robert 800 — —

Jones, Jesse 287 7 1

Jolly, Catherine 218 5 6

Jones, Francis 90 16 8

Jones, Hugh 60 — —

Jones, Israel 287 15 —

Klein, Michael 16 7 6

Llewellyn, John 20 — —

Morgan, Thomas 218 9 —

Matson, Jacob 74 8 9

Oliver, Mary 52 7 8

Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778. 646

Roberts, Daniel £6 12 6

Roberts, Algernon 26 — —

Stadleman, William 160 8 2

Smith, Michael 461 6 6

Sheets, Catherine 14 — —

Sturgis, Jonathan . . . . . 206 6 —

Smith, William 60 17 6

Sheetz, John 19 14 —

Trexler, Peter 90 17 6

Thomas, David 6 2 —

Wayne, Mary Anne 1 10 4

Wells, Samuel 16 12 9

LowBR Salfobd.

Jacob Beiffy Assessor.

[No return.]

LiKBBICK.

Conrad Boyer^ Assessor.
[No return.]

MONTGOKBRT.

Jenkin EvanSj Assessor.
[No return.]

Marlborough.

Andrew Beedy Assessor.

[No return.]
VOL. XXV. — 36

646 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777^1778^

MoTAKBKsnrG.
Adam BoUy Assessor.

Bole, Adam £128 18 9

Carla, Mary 677 _ 6

David, Widow 95 _ _

Fisher's, John Esf 185 — —

Honeycomb, Joseph 294 6 9

Hall, Thomas 295 — —

Hill, Catherine 70 — —

Rose, Peter 88 5 —

Reinbow, Michael 61 — —

Varrence, Lawrence 1171 9 9

Vaney, Sebastian 9 — —

Tonng, Gteorge 866 5 —

MORBLAND.

Itobert Whitten^ Assessor.

Ayres, Samuel £8 — —

Bilew, Daniel 86 14 —

Buskirk, Garret 7 9 6

Boutcher, John 112 6 —

Boutcher, Joseph 70 — —

Boutcher, Samuel 402 10 —

Blake, John 76 10 8

Cox, Joseph 16 — —

Duffield, Joseph 10 9 8

Durland, John 8 8 —

Dyer, James 176 17 6

Fulton, James 88 17 —

Fetters, Rachel 49 16 —

Flintham, John

Hogeland, John 120 — —

Hisler, Nicholas 69 14 6

Krewson, Derrick 77 2 —

Krews, Simon 24 7 6

McCluer, John 11 8 9

Assessment of Damages done by the Britishy 1777-1778. 647

McVeagh, Charles £16 — --

Pennington, Charles.

Bummers, Martin 58 5 — ^

Staats, Peter 8 8 8

Swift, John 86 — —

Sommer, John 91 — —

Swift, Samuel Jun 70 19 6

TiUyer, William 260 — —

Wynkoop, Garrett 26 — —

Wynkoop, Philip 7 — —

Wynkoop, Comelious . . . • 80 — —

WoUard, James 17 12 —

Wynkoop, John 119 14 —^

Whitten, Robert 92 2 —

Terkes, Jacob 18 — —

NORTHBBN LiBSRTIBS, (Bast)

Thffmajs Britton^ Assessor.

Ashton, Andrew £40 — —

Brown's, William Esf . . 620 16 —

Bruester, Samuel 4248 — —

BecHey's, Henry Esf . . • . 164 8 8

Baker, James ..%... 76

Brand, Jacob 88

Baker, Mary 129

Brahl, Lewis 298

Brown, John 446

Brown, Peter 8110

Baker, Jeremiah 48

Budd, Levy 280

Ball, William Esq 1886

Croston, Anne 102

Cooper, Isaac 871

Coates, WilUam 426

Coats, Isaac 721

Endress, Zachariah 929

—

648 Assessment of Damages done by the Britishy 1777-1778.

Eyre's Jehu Eef

£8899

Paunce, Henry

280

—

Faunce, Widow Eef

—

Forster, Widow

118

—

Forepaugh, George . . . .

120

—

Grice, Francis ....

820

—

Garling, George ....

188

Guiry, Mathias

288

Gibson, Anna

610

. 8

—

Hobbig, Henry ....

—

Hidlen, Elizabeth ....

•^—

Herberger, George ....

—

A-

Hewton, John ....

285

Hopkins, Thomas

519

—

Jones, Beigamin

Jacobs, John

184

—

Knight, Peter. .

787

—

Eressel, John

—

Lazer's, Conrad Est* '. • .

671

—

Laub, Peter

«-.

Leib, G«orge

185

McClain, Eliz% & Holwager, Eliz* .

120

—

Millet, Jacob

940

—

Nelsdn, Mary

1000

—

— ^

Korris's, Isaac Estate

4687

—

Poht,^ Mary

240

—

Penn; Richard, & Sarah Master's Est*

1562

—^

Pearson, William peceas'd) Est*.

Bush, Joseph ....

Shilack, Albertus ....

—

Smith, Samuel ....

161

Shorty, Christopher

270

—

Stock, Philip

287

—

Strieby, George ....

—

Sahler, Mathias ....

—

Schreder, Jacob ....

200

—

Saltar, Thomas ....

700

—

Assessment of Damages dom by the British^ 1777'-1778. 549

Sheets, George

£118

10 —

Stonemetz, Peter .

•

182

17 «

Salsberry, William .

•

260

— — '

Treichel, Elias Lewis

•

1000

— — ;

Winkler, Ludwick .

•

— —

Whitener, Christopher .

16 —

•

Northern Libbrtibs, (West)

Henry Neglee^ Assessor.

Alberger, Adam £55

16 -*

Bergman, John

1261

10 —

Binder, Jacob

10 —

Britton, Thomas

474

— — »

Dover, Frederick ,

199

10 4

Davis, Mary .

325

17 6

Esher, Conrad

17 6

Fisher, Lewis .

166

2 -^

Funk's, Joseph Esf

803

19 6

Grace, John .

10 —

Gerlach, Widow Esf

15 2

Graag, Bartholomew

7 6

Gktrratt, Marcus

497

9 6

Hiltzheimer, Jacob .

191

15 8

Hinkle, Christopher

7 —

&vin, Archibald

16 —

Kattlj, Steward

— —

Kraft, Michael

260

— —

Eling, John .

810

— — '

Lamberger, John •

170

— — *

Marker, George

722

— 6

Miller, John .

19 9

Masters, William .

. 4890

— — '

Mowrer, Jacob

2 6

Neglee, Henry

404

— — •

Potts, Hester •

289

12 4

Roll, Godlieb .

160

— —

550 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ im-^ms.

Reitz, Casper £28 5 —

Smith, Peter 848 19 7

Schrank, Oeorge 444 8 9

StenBhman, John 118 7 6

Stout, Peter 86 19 8

Sell, Solomon 182 — —

Shaw, Thomas 299 1 6

Smith, Michael 16 18 —

Taylor, Michael 406 16 —

Waggoner, Philip , .... 266 12 6

Worrell, James 581 — —

Wood, Joseph 458 7 —

White, Sarah 484 5 —

Watkins, Joseph 47 — —

Weidman, John 687 12 6

Weishard, Adam 7 19 —

Young, Conrad & Peter . . . . 220 — —

Zink, Godlieb 140 16 8

Nbw Hanovbr.

TMcLS Yergety Assessor.

[No return.]

NORRINGTON.

Jacob Auldy Assessor.

Boyer, Abraham £46 18

Bartleson, Eliz» 110 17

Bartleson, Jane 58 —

Boulton, Isaac 122 15

Bull, John 2080 15

Curry, Robert 40 —

Chaine, John 150 6

Conrad, Dennis 46 5

Couch, Daniel 17 8

Coulston, David . . . . . 6 17

Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778. 661

Deweee, WiUiam £829 17 6

Evans, Jacob 60 — —

Jordim, Robert 87 6 —

Jordan, James 76 — —

M'Farland, Arthur 160 — —

M'^Canunon, Alexander . . • . 162 — —

M*Cammon, John 68 10 —

M*Harg, Thomas 14 10 —

Mathias, Peter 75 17 6

Norman, David 208 11 —

Painter, Adam 10 6 —

Pownel, George 45 17 6

Pawling, Henry 188 — —

Porter, Stephen 125 — —

Booke, Thomas 46 6 6

Roberts, Joseph 82 2 6

Rhoads, Ezekiel 66 15 —

Shannon, John 81 — —

Stuart, Christopher 208 15 —

Supplee, Andrew 87 17 6

Supplee, David 41 5 —

Thompson, Hannah 807 — —

Tyson, Joseph 102 4 —

Universities Estate— late John Bull's . 1000 — —

Wood, Josiah 404 15 —

Zigler, Andrew 48 5 —

OXFOBD.

Thomas Bristol, Assessor.

Ashbridge, Elizabeth . . . .

£126

—

Buzby, Isaac

—

BiTstol, Thomas

—

Bnzby, Joseph

Dover's, William Eef . . . .

270

Preebum, Hill

—

Folckrade, Jacob ....

652 Assessment of Damages dom by the British^ 1777-1778.

Folckrade, (Jeorge £61 18 8

Fiemire, Christian 26 — —

Hovensock, Daniel 10 7 8

Harrow, John 164 7 6

Hartley, Henry 57 17 6

Holfs, Adam Eflf 60 16 —

Judah, Serock . • . . . 17 17 —

Enowles, John 627 1 6

Keen, Mathias . 166 11 —

Lesher, Jacob 85 7 6

Meyer's, Yoet Eflf 28 — —

Meyer, Jacob 62 — —

Morton, Isaac . . . . . . 122 15 —

Martin, Alexander 66 — —

Neff, Jacob 81 17 8

Neemith, Arthur 40 — —

Peart, Thomas 47—6

Slushman's, John Est* .... 29 — —

Thomlinson, Joseph .... 78 18 4

Worrell, Isaih 5 — —

Zebely, Jacob 55 12 6

Plymouth.
Zebulon PottSy Assessor.

Amdt, Peter £16 — —

Armstrong, Simon 86 10 —

Bell,Ree8 84 15 —

Crawford, Andrew 277 1 6

Callender, Conrad 62 5 —

Colley, Alexander 8 5 —

Coulston, John 40 6 —

Coulston, Barnabes 81 16 —

Cowden, Samuel 25 8 4

Davis, John 55 — —

Davis, Marcey 9 — —

Davis, John 11 — —

Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-'1778. 668

Dull, Frederick £13 — —

Deheaven, Andrew 85 6 6

Fitzwater, Joseph 77 14 6

Kent, Joseph 16 16 10

Kazer, Mary 22 18 —

Lisle, Alexander 8 10 —

Levering, Wickard 180 — —

Potts, Zebulon 116 — —

Peterman, Jacob . . . , • 20 18 6

Robinson, James 18 12 —

Rex, Jesse 7 10 —

Sheppard, James 68 16 —

Vanpelt, John 6 — —

Wager, Jesse 6 12 6

Passyunk.
Henry Maggy Assessor.

Baker, Joseph £870 1 —

Berkenbiel, Christian .... 128 — —

Berkenbiel, Anth^A Geo: Gray's Esf . 1077 17 6

Bost, Michael 126 2 —

Burkhart, Daniel 646 6 6

Coppel, Elizabeth 206 6 —

Cleckner, Casper 121 16 —

Deshong, Frederick .... 808 6 —

Everlj, John 267 10 6

Fister, Jacob ... . . • 66 — —

Frederick, George William . . . 118 10 —

Gkrret, Adam 119 — —

Grover, Christian 2216 9 —

Getz, Michael 42 10 —

Hannis, John 780 — —

Lodge, Jacob 118 16 —

Lohman, William 900 10 —

Lutz, Christian 189 2 6

Lesher, Widow 164 10 —

664 Assessment of Damages dene by the Britisky 1777-1778.

Leflher, George . . . . . £814 11 —

Lownes, Joseph Est* .... 180 11 8

Measemer, John 79 — —

Maag, Henry 166 10 —

Mmer,John 254 10 —

Motee, Jacob 176 — —

Peltz,John 451 16 —

Shoester, Martin 50 18 4

Shisler, Godfrey 187 12 6

Shear, Barbara 80 — —

Sees, George 880 18 —

Swaab, Adam 496 16 —

Sink, Jacob 297 6 —

Simon, John 68 6 —

Trine, Jacob 158 8 4

Tustin, Samuel 48 12 6

White, John 28 4 6

Word, Ludwick 119 16 —

Young, Philip 110 15 —

Young, Christian 824 16 —

Young, Francis 265 2 6

Pkovidbncb.

Benjandn Dismant^ Assessor.

Boutersway, Wendle . • . . £81 7 —

Davis, Elijah 100 — —

Edwards, John 67 5 —

Edwards, Jun 44 2 6

Francis, Arnold 121 15 —

Heilig, John 47 8 —

Nelson, William 8 — —

Pawling, Isaac 57 5 8

Pawling, Nathan 24 6 —

Teany, Henry 81 — —

Vaux, James 96 15 —

Assessment of Damages done by the Britishy 1777^1778. 666

BOXBOBOUGH.

3Hchad Righter^ Assessor.

Bigony, John £54t — —

Bower, Charles 12 — —

BamdoUer, John 82 6 —

Crawford, Hugh 50 17 6

Cook, Anthony 15 — —

Gilbert, Jacob 58 2 6

Holeget, John 7 12 —

Levering, Enoch 196 15 —

Levering, Nathan 187 18 4

Levering, William 121 16 —

Merker, Conrad 17 12 —

Righter, Michael 89 10 —

Eighter, Daniel 8 — —

Reabin, Nicholas . . . . . 25 — —

Eighter, John 68 17 6

Smick, Lewes . ... . . 18 — —

Smith, Michael 18 15 —

Snyder, Adam 28 7 6

Taylor, Jonathan 49 9 2

Wood, Andrew 252 17 —

SOUTHWABK.

Samud Murdocky Assessor.

Allison, Robert £790

Barrett's, Edward Est* .... 456

Church, Samuel 159

Carr's, Patrick Esf .... 508

Carson, Robert 570

Cassin, Joseph 44

Dennis, lUchard 5622

Davis, Thomas 88

Drewry, William 1526

Pullerton, William 1868

—

556 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778.

Goodwin, George £2000 — —

Hardie, Robert 882 _ —

Hornecker's, Marcus Est* . . . 288 — —

Inglis's, John Esf 77 6 —

Jones, John 2625 16 —

Johns, Matthew 199 10 —

Knox, Robert 2885 — —

M^Mullen, William Esq' . . . . 299 — —

M'Clasky, James 14 11 —

Morton, John 70 — —

Morris, Luke 1222 — —

MatBon, Peter 149 6 —

Pearson, Anthony 186 19 —

Penrose, Isaac . . . . . 1125 — —

Pendergast, Martin .... 157 8 8

Smith, John 897 — —

Turner, Joseph 1191 16 —

Wharton, Joseph Dec* Esf . . . 225 — —

Skippack.

Walter Johnsoriy Assessor.

[No return.]

Sprinofield.
Baltzer Hydricky Assessor.

Bisbing, Bernard £20

Coombe, Thomas 501

Fye, Andrew 8

Henritzy, Henry 49

Hydrick, Abraham . . . . . 10

Hydrick, Baltzer 9

Heyberger, Andrew .... 18

Kerger, Jacob 58

Narecker, Jacob 45

Ottinger, William 188

Peterman, Philip . . . . . 44

—

-~-

Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777-1778. 567

Snyder, Catherine £9 — —

Stoad, John 249 5 —

Woolery, Weckerly .... 11 3 6

TOWAMBNSING.

Henry Smithy Assessor.
[No return.]

TJppBB Salford.

Philip Fisher J Assessor.

[No return.]

TTppbr Mbrion.
John Johnsoriy Assessor.

Bartleson, Cephus £127 10 —

Billsland, Henry 15 19 4

Crawford, William 80 — —

Colfle8h, Henry 37 12 6

Colflesh, Henry Jr. 3—6

Davis, William 4 2 1

Eastbum, Benjamin 119 14 6

Eastbum, John 48 1 9

Gteorge, George 80 — —

Inglis, John 42 8 5

Johnston, John . . . . . 269 17 11

Knight, Isaac ... . . . 840 16 9

M'Fee, Daniel 12 5 —

Matson, Isaac 64 3 2

Matson, Peter 26 3 9

Priest, Absolom 59 9 6

Roberts, John 34 4 6

Shurr, Michael 42 15 —

Sturgis, Anthony 46 18 10

Sturps, John 106 4 10

Willets, Amos 16 1 6

Yocum, Hannah 8 10 —

668 Assessment of Damages done by the British^ 1777^1778.

TJppBR Dublin.
John ManUj Assessor.

Bemey, John .
Major, Peacock
Nash, Hannah .
Nash, Joseph .
Wright, George

• • • •

• • • • <

TTppbb Hahovbb.

Michael Roeda-y Assessor.

[No return.]

WOBORSXBB.

£1
13
86
220
66

16 —
16 —

Wentz, Peter .

Senry Conrad, Assessor.

£126

Whitbmarsh.

William Johnson^ Assessor,

Bower, Andrew
Colp, Leonard .
Deager, Ludwick
Ettris, John
Everly, Israel .
Frees, George .
Frees, George .
Houser, Jacob .
Bltner, William
Hopkins, Edward
littler, John .
Maulsby, Hannah
Steer, Christian

£8

—

«—

—

«—

112

—

268

.i-.

Assessment of Damages done by the British, 1777-1778.

Whitpaih.

Danid Yost, Assessor.

Elles, Isaac . . . . . . jeSO -

Favorite, Frederick .

21 -

Enox, Andrew .

200 -

Enoz, David .

175 -

Enox, Samuel, Deceased

75 -

MHJlathery, John .

45 -

Wentz, John .

40 -

Smmennan, Christopher

24 -

559

— 6

660 Skip Begisiers fiyr the Port of PkUaddpkia, 1796^1775.

I to o o to o

J 9 J l^i S

•-> i-a i-a p i-> Hj

Ship Beffisiers far the Part af PhOaddphiay 1796^1776. 561

5 2 g

* ^

2-53.3

^ < ^ ^ <

^ 9

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I I I

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VOL. XXT. — 36

662 Sk^ Registers for the Port of PhUaddphia, 17S6-177S.

I s

s s $

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^ •s ^ ^ *» ^ i

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Ship Begisters for the Port of PhOaddphia, 17m-1775. 668

S %

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664 Sfc^ Eeffistars for the Fort of PhUaddphia, 1796-1775.

00 e^

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Ship lUgisters fin- the Part of Philadelphia, 1796-^1775. 666

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566 Ship Registers for the Port of PkOaddphia, 1796-1775.

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Ship Begistera far the Prni of PhOaddpMa, 1796-1776. 567

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668 8h^ Begiatera far the Port of PhUaddp/da, 1726-1775.
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/S% JRegiaters for the Port of PhUaddphia, 1796-1775 . 669

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670 Ship Registers far the Port of Philadelphia, 1796^1775.

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672 Ship Registers for the Port of PkOaddphia, 17S6^177S.

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mp JReffisters for the Port of Philadelphia, 17m--1775. 678

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Notes and Queries.

676

NOTES AND QUEKIES.
Viotcd.

Btoks P00B8.— Additional note to page 466 of Vol. XXIII. of the
PEHiTOTLVAiinA Magazine.

m [hit Cfiurch ir*
' d«pQ«it£d di« rtiiuma of

Thomas Pcnn,

' of Slolte Par k jn UtiflFiiriihi

ISQfmfWilUam Penn,

Pounder nf Peruiiylvaiua]

Born noi. narn«4iT«i,Dicd ms.

^Knil ttf k« iwiteThe R" Hon Ud^ Juliina P^mnT^

a-> Dtuj^Klirr of ThomaS r &irl of fbmf^ct

Bnrn i7i&.HirHed itii.Di^d i»h

Kb A tke rewiuLi^of thfir i^on*

Joh(% Priirt,r>f St^lte Pkrh Eorn it«^n,Dv-4 lUt^

and CranviQfi Pcnn, of^ioh^ Pprk:

Born tf^i.liHrri'^ itfti^Difd ti*4.

%\%^ \%i\h<'\\A M\W uf thr «^ovr (Granville Pcrti.

I drif'iiiOduf^friff Crn-Ct^ndon forbeif, Ool r*f Hcgr

Bprn l7Tl,^fkrh«d iiflt. Died i*4T'
Kftd uf lK«tr Soni

Crari vJtr John, fnK «f Sioli* Pirk Bon* fwt, Oi*d i*«.

Tlt^^mail Gortton.biKol) flrdpn^Sant u«f ktKc4 imi

Willutm^ Ekum mu D»rd i»«.

Xtun It^eir D»ughtiT»

[ SoplK a r vifc nf P H Sr W" GnmaGCS Cnl. CokUnw Ctar

Bom n*«. HarrtY'dwu D)«^ wit.

t^iiuiiCA Rmily/Bprn iii*a. Dird m^v,

UftbrlU M*ry. ft^rn n«i Di«t !»*•.

Hennetta AnncB^rft nor Died ■«««.

(i'i

^.T-^r-cr^^

On S^tember 4, 1901, I visited Stoke Poges, going by raU from Lon-
don to Slough, driving thence to Stoke Pogee and Stoke Park, and

576 Notes and Queries.

retoming by way of Eton and Windsor. In doing bo I ascertained the
following fiu^ts :

1. Stoke Pdges is the name of the parish in which is the celebrated old
church of St. Giles, in the churchyard of which Thomas Gray, the poet,
wrote the Elegyi and is buried. It is also the name of the post-office.
The Tillage consists of a long street with straggling houses, each built
at some distance from the other. It is called "Stoke" for brcTity. In
the church is the mural tablet, a memorial to the Penn Family, of which
a photographic &c-simile appears on page 575.

2. Stoke Foark, the name of the principal estate in the parish of Stoke
Poges, belonged to the Penn &mUy from 1760 until 1848. It is about
two hundred yards from the old church. The old Manor House, or
what remains of it, is also in the immediate vicinity. Stoke Park,
which contains about thirteen hundred acres and the finest herd of
deer in England, now belongs to Wilberforce Bryant, the head of the
match-manufacturing firm of Bryant A May. He is the present lord
of the manor of Stoke Poges. The Duke of Leeds is the patron of the
living of the parish church of Stoke Poges. Mr. Bryant bought Stoke
Park about 1888 firom Mr. Coleman of "Coleman's Mustard'' fiime. It
is plainly visible from Windsor Castle, and vice versa,

8. i^ke Place, another estate in the parish, belongs to Colonel
Howard Vyse.

4. Stoke Court is the present name of the estate upon which the cot-
tage of Gray, the poet, once stood. It was then known as the "West
End Farm," Stoke Poges. The house in which he lived is not now
standing.

Wm. Brooke Rawlb.

Rules foe Convbeting Sterling into Cueeency and Cur-
EENCY INTO STEELING, 1789. — " To make Sterling into New York
currency : Take the Sterling amount and the third of that, add them
together ; and then the third of that amount, and add them together,
which will give the amount in currency.

"To reduce New York currency into Sterling: Take the curroicy
amount and deduct one-fourth firom it ; then ti3:e the remainder and
deduct one- fourth firom it, which leaves the amount in Sterling."
vm.

COLLECTTOES OF CUSTOMS AT PHILADELPHIA, UNDEE THE CeOWN,

1682-1776.—

1682.— Major William Dyer. 1748.— William Alexander.

1686.— James WiUiams. 1745.— Abraham Taylor.

1692.— William Clarke. 1748.— Alexander Barclay.

1698.— John Bewley. 1751.— Abraham Taylor.

1703.— Robert Assheton. 1762.— John Swifi;.

1704.— John Moore. 1772.— Robert Bayard.

1727. — Ghxwvenor Bedford. 1772. — John Patterson.

1727.— John Moore. 1773.— Zachariah Hood.

1733.— Peter Evans. 1774.— Lachlane Maclean.

Notes and Queries.

577

Letteb of Qovbrnor Thomas Donqak to Qovbrnob William
Penn, 1683.—

New York Dec t* 8« 1688
Sib

I give you my hearty sincere thanks for kind entertainment, I am
afraid this winter season will not give me leave to see my good Mends
in yonr Province and I very much wish for an opportunity to do it.
there is noone more resolved and fixed, to demonstrate himself ready
to do all offices of friendship, than I am, being very much obliged by
you, to do so I have written to his Boyall Highness, and tho as much as
I could in your consideration yet for short of y* character you merit,
this messenger stays and I have no longer time then to assure you of my
unfeigned services & Respects and that I am effectively Ac

Your most Humble and affectionate Sert

Tho Donoan

Capt Talbot is going away to morrow morning
ffor
Qovem Penn Pennsylvania

Pay-Roll, Thibd Battalion Philadelphia County Militia,
1780.—

We the undernamed subscribers do acknowledge each of us the receipt
of the several sums annexed to our names of Llewellen Young Esq.
Sub. Lieutenant of the third Battalion of the Philad* County Mmtia in
part of Pay advanced to each of us for turning out in our Classes to serve
two months from the date hereof as Witness our Hands this 7*** Day of
August 1780.

John Long.
Henry Smith.
Titus Roberts.

* Daniel CuUey.

* John Gravel.

* Samuel Lees.
Andrew Yokum.

* John Latch.
John Bright.
Charles Jolly.
Laurence Justice.
David George (?)*
Jesse Rambo.
♦David Macky.
♦Christopher Owmer.
♦John Ghurret.
♦John Porter.
David Jurdon.
John Bryan.*
Joseph Jones.
Jacob Latch.

John Frailey.
John Lane.
♦Is. Widdows.
Jonathan Kite.
Mathew George.*
♦John Wolfong.
Daniel Rice.*
♦Daniel Fisher.
John Elliot.
Geoige Savage.
Samuel Taylor.
Moses Davis.*
♦Sam' M«Coy.
Thomas Martin.*
(?)♦ George Hebnbold.
♦Peter Lascum.
Jacob Baylor.
♦ Abraham Lincoln.
W- Gloner.
Joseph Price.
In. Roberts.^

W- Piatt.
♦John George.'
Joseph Heller.
Adam Keller.
Griffith Reese.
Samuel Rambo.
♦Michael Smith.

♦ Zachariah Long.
W- Torbet
George Morton.
Bei\j. Laseur.'
Gunner Rambo.
John Wood.
♦W- Stewart.*

♦ Christopher Wilson.
John M«Bride.
George Davis.
♦Tho'Cammel.
Josiah Pawling.*
Jacob Naygley.

* Made their mark.

1 " Gone for his Brother."

•Substitute.
•Served 28 days in the year 1777, in his tour of duty.
« " Own gun.'* ft In John Stewart's Class.

• *« Turn out in the Troop of hars in the County."
7 Suhstitnte for Samuel Holstein.

VOL. XXV. — 37

678

Notes and Queries,

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Notes and Queries.

579

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580

Notes and Queries.

Pat-Roll of thb Hospital Dspabtmbnt, Contmental Anny, tran-
scribed from the original filed in the Pay-Office. —
Pat Roll of the officers of the Hospital Departmeht in the

Service of the United States — ^exclusive of North A South

Carolinas and Georgia, 1782.

Names

Rank

When left senrloedk the
reason.

p^«

John Cochran

Director

Jan. 1

$160.

James Graik

Phy« to Army

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

140.

Malachi Treat

Phy Sb Sur. Gen.

Reduced Feb.

11782

140.

Malachi Treat

Hosp. Surg.

Ffeb. 1

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

120.

William Burnet

Phys a S. Gen.

Jan. 1

Reduced Feb.

11782

140.

William Burnet

Hosp. Surg.

Feb. 1

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

120.

Charles McKnight

Phy A Sur. Gen.

Jan. 1

Reduced Feb.

11782

140.

Charles McKnight

Hotp. Surg.

Feb. 1

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

120.

Samuel Adams

Jan. 1

120.

William Bustis

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

120.

David Townsend

120.

Joseph Young

120.

James Tilton

Deranged Dec.

2 1782

120.

Henry Lattimer

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

120.

Barnabas Binney

Deranged Dec.

811788

120.

John Warren

Deranged Jan.

9 1788

120.

BodoOtto

Deranged Feb.

11782

120.

Oeorge Draper

ditto

120.

Goodwin Willson

ditto

120.

Daniel Jennifer

ditto

120.

Samuel Edmondson

ditto

120.

George Campbell

ditto

120.

John Cowell

Mate

Deranged Dec.

1 1788

60.

Frederick Otto

Resigned Dec.

60.

Bbeneser Stockton

Promoted July

60.

John Duffleld

Promoted Oct

60.

Henry Moore

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

60.

John G. Wright

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

60.

John Coventry

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

60.

Daniel Shute

Promoted Ap>

141782

60.

Jacob V. Egbert

60.

Samuel Woodruff

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

60.

George Stevenson

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

60.

William P. Smith

Deranged Nov.

8 1788

60.

Abijah Cheevers

Resigned June 80 1782

60.

Thomas Waring

Resigned May

61782

60.

Notes and Queries. 581

Pay-Roll op the Hospital Depaetment, etc. — Continued.

Names

Rank

When left service dk the
reason.

perSr*

Stephen Graham

Mate

Jan. 1

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

$60.

John Darcey

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

60.

Michael Detrick

Deranged Nov. 3 1788

60.

William Cogewell

60.

Francis Hagan

60.

Joseph Preecott

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

60.

Thomas Bond

Purveyor

120.

Isaac Ledyard

Asst. do

Deranged July 28

76.

BdwaM Williams

Clerk

60.

John De la Mater

Resigned July 1

60.

Luke Hunt

Storekeeper

Resigned May 20

60.

Minnie Yoohris

do to Army

60.

William Hazel

Clk Pury'or

60.

Andrew Oraigie

Apothecary

180.

William Johannet

Asst do

Deceased May 17

76.

Josiah Root

Apo. Mate

Resigned Aug. 18

60.

Andrew Caldwell

60.

Thomas Pruden

Resigned June

60.

Francis Wain wright

60.

John Brown

Steward

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

60.

James Lamb

86.

John Scott

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

86.

Thomas White

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

86.

Thomas Walcott

Discharged Aug. 80

86.

Frederick Wendt

John Forbus

W4 Master

Promoted March 1

26.

John Forbus

Steward

86.

John Vredenburgh

W4 Master

Promoted Aug. 1

26.

John Vredenburgh

Steward

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

86.

Christian Kirkopp

Deranged Dec. 1 1788

86.

Daniel Hendry

W« Master

26.

William Duncan

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

26.

Jonas Dix

Deranged Nov. 8 1788

26.

James Brunton

26.

David McFee

Deranged Dec. 1 1788

21.

Pay Office New York,

October 20, 1785.

Joseph Howell Jws^

AflBt. Oomm. Acct

582

Notes and Queries.

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Notes and Queries.

583

A PARTY OF BeCBUITS EKLISTBD BY LiBUT. JAMES MCCULLOCH FOB

THE 5TH Penna. Regt Col. Fbancis Johnston. —

Names.

Dates of
Enlistment

Where
Enlisted.

By whom
Mustered.

Causuelties.

David Wills
Musgrove Hary
Albion Guest
John Bams
James Oglebee
Andrew Gulp
John Hutchinson
John Marrs
James Green
Joseph Rem ley
Joseph Wiman
Quilar Bailey
Gustavus Kosewell
Thomas Carson
John TuUey
William King
Abraham Shaw
John Martin

April 22, 1779
Sept 15

Hanover

Philada

Lancaster

L. Nicola.
W«» Henry

Deserted Dec. 20.
Present

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Yorktown
Hanover

Littles Ford
Lancaster

Deserted Nov. 7.
Present
" , Sick in Lancaster.
L. Nicola Present

I ■

Sick in York.

Present

in hand cuff

Sick in York

Present

((

Jant 19, 1779.

Jahbs M<€ullooh

Lt 5^ Penna.

Maryland Militia Officers, 1776-1788. — From documentary
evidence in our poeseesion we are enabled to supply the following names
and other data of Maryland militia officers which do not appear in the
''Muster Rolls and other Records of Service of Maryland T^ps in the
American Revolution, 1775-1788,'' recently published by the State of
Maryland.

Baker ^ Francis, First Lieut., Capt. John Dougherty's Ck)., 4* Battl'n.
Talbot Co. Militia. Commissioned May 15, 1776 ; resigned Aug. 18,
1776.

Benton, Vincent, Capt. 5 Battl'n. Militia. Aug. 29, 1777.

Bond, Richard Jr., First Lieut, Capt. Jo£i Oglevie's Co., Elk
BatUn. (Cecil Co.) Militia. June 7, 1781.

Botaie, William SpriggQecond liieuU, Jany. 5, 1776.

Breveard, Thomas Captain (Cecil Co.), IS*** Battl'n. Militia. Jany. 3,
1776 ; resigned Feb. 6, 1776.

Brown, Nathan Ensign, Capt James Bordley's Co., Queen Ann's Co.
Militia. March 16, 1776.

684 Notes and Queries.

Gannon^ John Second Lieut, Capt Britdngham Dickmaon's Co., Bal-
timore Town Militia. May 19, 1779. Ensign, Aug. 29, 1777.

Oarmichael, Richard B. Captain, Tice John Dames, 20*** BatU'n.
Queen Ann's Ck>., Militia. April 5, 1780 ; resigned June 19, 1780.

Cblegate, Richard First Lieut, Capt John Cockey O wing's Co.,
. Baltimore Co. Militia. (Soldier's Delight Battalion.) June 5,
1776.

Chvington, Edward Ensign, Capt Samuel Ridgeway's Co. 5^ Battln.
Queen Ann Co. Militia. April 20, 1780.

Daviiy Robert F, First Lieut, Capt. Samuel Watkins Co., West River
Battln. Ann Arundel Co. Militia. March 17, 1781 ; resigned April 12,
1781.

Jknt, John Brigadier General Militia, Jany. 8, 1776.

Dorsey, QreenSerry Captain, Harford Co., 23' Battin. Militia, Col.
Aquilla Hall. Jany 3, 1776 ; resigned Dec. 19, 1777.

Dorsey, John Worthington Capt Elk Ridge Co., Ann Arundel Co.
Militia. March 1, 1778.

Dorsey, ThomoB Colonel Elk Ridge Battln. Ann Arundel Co. Militia.
March 1, 1778 ; resigned June 11, 1778.

Edmondson, Fbllard, Jr,, First Lieut 4"* Independent Co regular
troops. Jany 24, 1776.

Erreckson^ Charles Ensign, Capt John Rowles Co. 20*** Battln. Queen
Ann's Co. Militia. June 29, 1780.

Oeoghan, Robert Ensign ; Capt. Richard Stringers Co. 22^ Battin.
Maryland Militia. Aug. 28, 1777 ; resigned April 18, 1781.

diUingSy James Lieut Colonel, Gunpowder Battln. Baltimore Co.
Militia, Aug 30, 1777 ; resigned Feb. 17, 1780.

GroMon, Richard Ensign, Capt John Blakes Co. 20**' Battin. Militia.
Aug. 29, 1777 ; resigned June 17, 1780.

Haddaway, John Ensign, Capt. Dawson's Co. 88*** Battin. Militia,
Talbot Co. April 9, 1778 ; resigned June 15, 1780.

Harris, David First Lieut, Capt Benjamin Griffith's Co. Baltimore
Militia. Sept 25, 1780.

HawHnSy Josias Colonel, 12*" Battln. Militia, Charles Co. Jany. 8,
1776 ; resigned Sept 23, 1788.

Holmes, William First Lieut, Capt Josiah Shaw's Co., 25*** Battln
Militia, Prince George Co. Sept 5, 1777 ; resigned Dec. 17, 1777.

Kerr, David First Lieut, Capt. (>eorge Watts Co., Ann Arundel Co.
Militia. Feb. 22, 1776 ; resigned April 2, 1776.

Kerr, John First Lieut, Capt Thomas Wilson's Co., 20*** Battin.
Queen Ann Co. May 21, 1776 ; resigned Aug. 1776.

Lambden, Robert Ensign, Bayside Co. Talbot Co. Militia. Jany. 3,
1776.

Lawrence, Benjamin Second Lieut, Capt Richard Owing* s Co. Bal-
timore Co Militia, (Soldier's Delight Battln.) June 5, 1776.

Marshall, Ber^amin 7^, Lieutenant Calvert Co. July 1, 1777 ; resigned
Oct 2, 1780.

Nichodemus, Conrad Captain, ^ Battln. Washington Co. Militia.
June 22, 1778 ; resigned Nov. 2, 1780.

Owings, John Cockey Captain, Baltimore Co. Militia, (Soldier's De-
light Battinji June 5, 1776 ; resigned March 19, 1781.

Parker, William Ensign, Capt Stewarts Co. Snow Hill Battln. Worces-
ter Co. Militia. Aug. 30, 1777 ; resigned April 21, 1781.

Notes and Queries. 586

Bumsey, Benjamin Colonel, 8*** Battln. Militda, Harford Co. Jany. 8,
1776 ; reeigned Jany. 15, 1777.

Simmons, William Captain, West River Battln. Ann Arundel Co.
Militia. March 1, 1778; resigned Aug. 4, 1780.

Smith f Archibald E^ign, Capt. Robert Handy' a Co. Winomoco
Battln. Worcester Co. Militia. Sept 22, 1777 ; resigned March 12,
1781.

Smith, Charles Sommerset Captain, 12** Battln. Charles Co. Militia.
Jany. 8, 1776.

i^ewartf John Captain, Snow Hill Battln. Worcester Co. Militia.
Aug. 30, 1777 ; resigned Feb. 23, 1781.

Thomas, Samuel W. Second Lieut., Capt. Richard B. Carmichaers
Co., 20*** Battln. Queen Ann's Co. Militia. April 5, 1780; resigned
June 17, 1780.

Warjleld, Benjamin Captain, Elk Ridge Battln. Ann Arundel Co.
Militia. March 1, 1778.

Warfield, Charles Ensign, Capt. Benjamin Warfield's Co. Elk Ridge
Battln. Ann Arundel Co. Militia. March 1, 1778.

Waters, Peter Lieut. Colonel, Princess Ann Battln. Somerset Co.
Militia. Aug. 30, 1777; resigned Oct. 24, 1780.

Watkins, Thomas Captain, South River Battln. Ann Arundel Co.
Militia. Sept. 6, 1777 ; resigned June 30, 1780.

Wilkinson, William. Captain, Baltimore Co. Militia. Feb. 4, 1777.

Yeates, ITiomas Captain, Baltimore Militia. Sept. 25, 1780 ; resigned
Oct. 10, 1780.

Auchmlieh, Henry Third Lieut Ship Defence, Maryland Navy. April
6, 1776.

Bynson, John Second Lieut. Galley Independence. Oct. 3, 1777 ;
resigned Sept 8, 1778.

J. W. J.

Abstracts op Sandbbs Wills. —

John Sanders, of Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, N. J., dated
March 2, 1780. — ^Daughter Elizabeth, wife Elizabeth, son Solomon Lip-
pincott Sanders, daughters Sarah, Deborah, and Mary, son John, brother
Thomas Sanders. Probate September 11, 1780. Liber No. 22, p. 237.

Elizabeth Sanders, of Greenwich Township, Gloucester County,
N. J., dated November 7, 1785. — Daughters Sarah, Deborah, Mary,
son John, father Solomon Lippincott, uncle Joshua Lippincott, son
Solomon Idppincott Sanders, brother Jacob Lippincott Probate Feb-
ruaiy 8, 1786. Liber No. 28, p. 117.

Egbert Sanders, of Saddle River, Bergen County, N. J. — Wife Messey,
cousin Peter Corter, brother Peter, brother Nicholas, cousin John San-
ders, dated August 23, 1796. Probata September 23, 1796. Liber No.
85, p. 346.

Baptism of a Slave of Washington. —Ld the Register of Bap-
tisms of Bruton Church, Williamsburg, Virginia, is the following
record :

"October 4, 1767. Baptisms of Slaves. Susannah, daughter of
Hannah Belonging to Coll. George Washington."

586

Notes and Queries.

Petition aoaixst FoBEerALLiNo in Philadelphia, 1778, copied
from the original at Harrisburg, Pennsylyania, by Luther B. Kdker,
Esq.

To the Honourable the RepreBentativee of the Freemen of the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania in General Aaaembly met —

The Petition of sundry Inhabitants of this City
Humbly Shewith
That a number of persons in this City and Liberties have lately taken
up the Business of purchasing and storing large quantities of Flour and
some other of the necessaries of Life wluch they have by various arti-
fices raised to so great a price as to make the Poor almost clamerous and
must in the end lowe attended with bad consequences. We therefore pray
that the House would take into their consideration the forestalling of
Flour &c. and pass such law for preventing the same as to them may
seem meet.

Philad^ December 6^ 1778.

William Coats
W. Masters
W« Potts
W" Coats
Christian Piercy
George Leib
John Thompson
Paine Newman
Charles Souder
Tho" Humphreys
Manuel Eyre
John Smith
Robert Allison
Benj Paschall
W- Heysham
John Brooke
B* Sewell
Presley Blakiston
White* Humphreys
NichoUs Forebei^
John Cornish
Jedidiah Snowden
John Bamhill
Isaac Roush
Peter Conver
Tho* Corgal
Samuel (>>ntty
John Fromberger
James Bjrme
Jonath" Cowpland

W- Allen
Thomas Hazlewood
Stephen Beasly
W- Moore
Peter Young
Jos. Cowperthwait
Joe. Bradford
G^eo. Cotton
Jas. Long
James Ijoughead
G^eorge Ord
James Josiah
James Skinner -
Isaac Snowden
G^rge Schlosser
Christ" Schneider
John Kling
Robert Curry
Matthew Jackson
William Gamble
Joseph Ker
Thomas Willis
Philip Boehm
George Seittz
John Linington
James Byers
W" Eckhart
John Stille
Adam Hill
Paul Fooks

Christ'' Pechin
Nathan Bojrs
Sam> Caldwell
W- Pollard
And. Bunner
John Wilcocks
W- Hardy
W" Armstrong
(George Evans
Hugh Montgomery
Davison Durham
James Rowan
Sam^ Moore
Francis McAlister
Will- Rush
Frederick Kuhl
George Honey Jr.
Edward Pole
Cad' Dickinson
Will. Adcock
John Wilson
W" Hollinshead
Caspher Weest
Anthony Wilkinson
George Willson Jr.
Tho« Palmer
Samuel McLane
Peter Cooper
Jacob Godshalk
Charles Willson Peale

The Society op Constitutional Republicans, 1805. — ^Thote
Citizens who are in favour of the Proposition for forming ** The Society
OP Constitutional Republicans/* are requested to meet at the White
Horse Tavern, in Market-street, at 6 o'clock of the evening of Thurs-
day the 21st instant ; when the draft of a Memorial and Remonstrance

Notes and Queries. 587

to the Legislature, against the existing Project for calling a State Con-
vention, will be reported for consideration.
Philadelphia, March 16, 1805,

A. J. Dallas, Samuel Miles,

W** Jones, Samuel Wetherill,

George Logan, Guy Bryan,

BiCHARB Bache, Chandler Price,

Peter Muhlenberg, Manuel Eyre.

A Genealogical iNaDENT. — It is the unexpected that very often
happens in matters genealogical as well as in affairs of eveiy-day life,
and that those who search for their family line without the success they
desire may be encouraged, I venture to write of an incident that hfus
recently come to my knowledge.

A lady of Philadelphia who for some reason or other was unable to
trace her own lineage for more than one or two generations was inspired
to trace that of her husband. With this end in view she visited a cer-
tain New England village and, suffice it to say, learned from the town
records that her husband's fiunily for several generations were eminently
respectable and patriotic As she was about leaving the neighborhood
she said to her companion, '' I have never been able to trace my fiunily,
although I have tried in many ways. Have you ever heard of any of
the Blanks living in this locality?"

The reply was ''Yes, the old homestead is about a mile and a half
from here and we'll drive over." So over they went, and on the way
had the good fortune to meet the present owner, a man of the same
name, who had abandoned the old place for a smaller and newer house,
some ten miles away. He said they could get into the house without
any difficulty, as the doors were not locked, and, as was aft;erwards
learned, it had become a sort of half-way house for tramps or other
homeless persons who were glad of the shelter.

Our Philadelphia lady and her companion proceeded on their way
and soon came to the old homestead, which in its day had been quite
pretentious, indicating that the original owners had possessed cour
siderable wealth and refinement. The old house, however, was little
more than a ruin, as the sides bulged out from settling and decay. On
entering, nothing was found of especial interest until they reaciied the
attic. There they found a miscellaneous lot of books, old papers, chairs,
and china that would make the heart of the ordinary collector rejoice.
One old book without covers, which lay sprawled out in the dust on
the floor, proved to be the old family Bible containing the fiunily record
for several generations. After recovering her breath from this discovery,
the lady saw on the floor what appeared to be an old moulding board
about twenty inches square, and on turning it over was amazed to see
before her a portrait in oil of her ancestor, in which the fietmily features
were so marked that there was no mistaking it ; besides, as the lady from
Philadelphia said, '* There, we never knew where the red hair in our
family came from." The portrait told the story, for this particular an-
cestor had red hair.

It is unnecessary to add that this portrait will adorn one of the
delightftil homes of Philadelphia, and that its gracious mistress is very
happy in its possession, as well as that of numerous old teapots and the

588 Notes and Queries.

family Bible. It ib, however, difficult to express one's opinion of the
man who in this age would deliberately abandon such &mily treasures.
While this may read somewhat like a romance, it u vouched for by
one who was there.

W. D. K.

Extract from the Naturalization Paper of Rev. Joshua
KocHERTHAL. — ^We are indebted to Luther B. Kelker, Esq., for a copy
of the naturalization paper of the Rev. Joshua Kocherthal and his Pala-
tine associates, on file in the Department of Internal Affiurs, Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania. The original is in Latin. In our translation of the
genealogical portion of the document the Scriptural names are given in
their J^glish forms, though of course there is no distinction in the
Latin between Mary and Maria, Anne and Anna. German names are
kept in the original form. The word ''and" is frequently supplied :

''We are anxious for those beloved by us : Joshua Koch^thal and
Sibyl Charlotte his wife ; Christian Joshua his son and Benigna Sibyl and
Susanna Sibyl his daughters ; Lorents Schwisser and Anne Catharine his
wife, and John his son ; Heinrich Bennan and Joanna his wife ; and Lorentz
and Heinrich his sons ; Susanna Liboschain, Mary Joanna Liboechain ;
Andrew Volck and Anne Catharine his wife ; George Jerome his son ; and
Mary Barbara and Anne Gertrude his daughters ; Michael Weigand and
Anne Catharine his wife ; Tobias and George his sons ; and Anna Maria
his daughter ; Jacob Weber and Anne Elizabeth his wife, and Eva Maria
and Eva Elizabeth his daughters ; John Jacob Pletel and Anne Elizabeth
his wife, and Margaret Anne Sarah and Catharine his dau^ters ; John
Fischer and Mary Barbara his wife ; Melchior Gulch and Anne Catharine
his wife, Heinrich his son, and Magdalene his daughter ; Isaac Turk
Petro Bose and Joanna his wife ; Mary Wemarin and Catharine Wemarin
her daughter ; Isaac Feber and Catharine his wife and Abraham his son ;
Daniel Fierr and Anna Maria his wife, and Andrew and John his sons ;
Hubert Hubertaon and Jacob his son ; and Hermann Schuneman : which
persons are German Lutherans, reduced to extreme poverty by very
frequent incursions of the French into the Palatinate in Gennany, and
recently have fled into this our Kingdom of Great Britain to the end that
they may inhabit our Province of New York in America, and that ^ey
themselves may be and will be, and each one of them may be and will
be, natives {indigince) and lieges of us, our heirs and successors in our
Kingdom of Great Britain."

List of Becruits for the 18th Penna. Bbqt, Col. Walter
Stewart, by Capt. Matthew Scott, July 17, 1778. —
Christopher Keckler, April 9.

Andrew Young,

18.

James Craig,

((

29.

Deserted.

William Tompkins,
David Hannah,

May

20.

15.

Cornelius Hutchinson, **

25.

Andrew M'Cartney,

27.

Joseph Beed,

((

81.

Henry Collins,

June

William Bryan,

((

18.

Matt. Soott,

Capt*

4th

5th

7th

8th

nth

Notes and Queries. 589

Rbcbuiting Officbbs detailed fob General Wayne's Division
Pennsylvania Line. — Officers' Names and the places they intend to
recruit in for Gen* Wayne's Diyision, 1778.

1st Penna Line. Capt. Thomas Buchanan, Cumberland Co.

Capt. John Bankson, Lancaster Co.

Lieut Henry Piercey, Lancaster Co.

Lieut. Thomas Campbell, York Co.

Lieut. Samuel Gray, York Co.

Lieut. James M'^CuUogh, York Co.

Lieut. James Forbes, Lancaster Co.

Lieut. Thomas M'Ooy, Cumberland Co.

Capt Michael Hufi&iagle, Lancaster Co.

Capt Nehemiah Stockley, York Co.

Capt. John Harris, Northumberland Co.

Return of Names and Rank of the Officers of the First
Pennsylvania Beoiment of Artillery, with Dates of Commis-
sions. Philadelphia May 8, 1781.—

a>^on«/.— Thomas Proctor, Resigned April 18, 1781.
Lieu^ a>/.— Thomas Forrest, Dec. 2, 1778.

Mqfor. — ^Beiyamin Eustace.
CaptaifiB, — Andrew Porter, Jany. 1, 1777.
Isaac Craig, March 8, 1777.
Francis Procter, Jr., July 16, 1777.
Charles Tumbull, July 16, 1777.
Patrick Duffy, March 8, 1778.
William Ferguson, April 14, 1778.
John Bryce, June 1, 1778.
Robert Coltman.
Worsley Emes, Sept 27, 1780.
Oap^ LieutenantB, — James M*Clure, Jany 1, 1777.
William Powers, Jany 1, 1777.
Thomas Douglas, April 14, 1778.
William Martin, June 1, 1778.
James Lloyd, Feb. 9, 1779.
Robert M^Connell, June 8, 1779.
James Smith, June 8, 1779.
Jesse Crosley, Feb. 11, 1780.
John Strieker, Feb. 11, 1780.
Mathew M'^Guire, Feb. 11, 1780.
Firit Xt0u<'.— Joseph Austin, May 1, 1778.
Samuel Doty, Nov. 9, 1778.
John B. Webster, May 11, 1779.
Samuel Story, May 18, 1779.
Second Xtcw^.— Robert Parker, Feb. 1, 1777.
Ezra Patterson, Feb. 1, 1777.
Ezekiel Howell, Feb. 1, 1777.
N.B. Mi\jor Eustace promoted from Col. Crane of the New England
State.

Capt. Simonds transferred.

[The Return is endorsed, '' Return of the Officers of the 4*^ Regiment
of ArtiUery."]

590 Notes and Queries.

Bbtubn of Men Inuoted by Lieut. Hekby Piebcy fob the 2»
Bbgt. of Pennsylvania, 1778. —

Archibald Murphy

, Aug. 2.

Henry Kister,

*' 9,

atPhilada.

John Maloney,

** 11,

George Kiddle,

'* 12,

John Dunham,

*' 12,

Garret Fegan,

** 12,

Christ- O'Neal,

** 18,

Garret O'Farrel,

Sept. 7,

Benj" Ashton,

- 9,

Nicholas Kesler,

" 11,

Lawrence Legard,

" 16,

John Jones,

" 8,

James Potter,

" 12,

William Perry,

- 15,

Peter Cline,

Aug. 21,

John Warner,

Sept 15,

Elias Armstrong,

- 9,

George Eckstone,

'* 16,

John Keyler,

Oct 8,

George Goznel,

Sept 22,

Joseph Roberts,

Oct 9,

John Chapman,

•* 80,

John Stone,

Sept 28,

John Billow,

Oct 12,

John Campbell,

Nov. 17,

Thomas Green,

*' 18,

Thomas Warren,

** 19,

Thomas Smith,

Aug. 12,

John Chattin,

Sept 16,

John Collins,

Oct 24,

Daniel Vance,

«' 21,

Thomas Ramsey,

Nov. 20,

Hbnby Piebcy, 1/

MusTBB Roll of Lieut. William Withbbs' Company of Rakobbs
in the service of the United States of America at Fort Pitt, 1779.
J^i««<«ian/.— William Withers.
Sergeants.'—V^t&t Rust, Feb. 25.

William Constable, Feb. 25. On command with

M^jor Taylor.
Edward Mullen, Sep. 17.
Leonard Boyer, Oct. 24.
Oorporal. — John Bamfurd, Sep. 17. On command with Major

Taylor.
Fife dt Drum. — John Cain.

Thomas Bagzell, sick in Hospital Fort Pitt
Privates, — ^Patrick Grogan, Aug. 14. Sick, present.
Roger Tole, Aug. 15. do

Eli Davis, July 25. do

Jam€« Dinnen, Sept 18. Present.

Notes and Queries,

691

Privates, — Joseph Matteuly, Oct. 30.
John Villett,
John Biggs,
Jacob Fare,
Henry Gibson,
Nehemiah Handly,
Benjamin Furr,
John Howell, Sep. 16.

George Field, Aug. 16.

Abraham Buckley, Oct. 27.
Jonathan Green, Sep. 15.

John Patch, Oct. 24.

William Merryman, Oct. 26.

Fort Pitt 14"^

David Cole,
Daniel Keeth,
Samuel Stephenson,
Elias Lacefield,
Jonathan Hilton,
Daniel Oliver,
John Murphy,
Elijah Killbum,
Jeremiah Craven,
Samuel M^'Pharrow,
Amos Hague,
Thomas Jefferies,
John Whitton,
James Johnston,
Henry Johnston,
David Johnston,
John Bean,
John Uewylln,
Nicholas Trammer,
Jonathan Davis,
John Jewell,
John Bailey,
Charles Bland,
Feby. 1779. Then

Oct. 24.

Oct 25.

Oct 24.
July 25.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 13.
Aug. 10.

July 25.

Oct. 25.

Oct. 24.

Oct 29.

Aug. 9.
Aug. 19.

Present

do
On command with

Mijor Taylor.
Present.

do
Deserted.

do
Died Dec. 9.
** Nov. 10.
" Jany. 20.
*' Nov. 13.

Compy as specified in the above Boll.

mustered Lieut. W" Withers

W^ AMBBB80K,

/>. M. M.

A List of the Poor Associators in Steausbuey Township,
Lancastbe County, who went to the Camps in the Jerseys in Col.
John Ferree's Batt" in the month of August 1776, . . . and relief ex-
tended to their distressed fiunilies.

John BotUf left a wife and five small children.

John Mace, left a wife and several small children.

Martin Kochersberg^ left a wife and two small children.

Abraham Bowmcai, left a wife and children.

John OloM, left a wife and several small children.

Jacob ARUer, left a wife and children.

Nicholas Mackey, left a weakly wife.

592

Notes and Queries.

Martin Burd, left a wife and seyeral small children

Robert Charlton, left a sicklj wife and child.

Valentine Myer, left a wife and two children.

WiUiam Dowlamd,

Ludwig Stotz, left a wife and children.

John Kraemerf left a wife and child.

Jama Piatton, left a wife and child.

Samuel Finley, left a wife and child.

John Manleyy left a wife and large fiunily.

Jacob Frodich^ left a wife and children.

Jacob Young J left a wife and two children.

Peter HoU, left a wife and several children.

David Kinger, left a wife and several children.

Mathias Truciebrod, left a large £unily.

John White, left a wife and five children.

James Oavanaugh, left a wife and children.

James Trum, ) Went to Flying Camp and left their old and lame

Charles lyum, ) fether and mother.

William Logan, left a wife and child.

EVBBHABD GbUBBB.

Boll op Becbuits fob the Thibtbenth Pennsylvania Line. —
The following persons were Becruited by Lieut William Moore, 13^
Penna. Beg», Philada. May, 1777.

John Hagerty

March 11,

1777

William Jones

March 17. 1777

Daniel M«Entire

((

John Cook

n t

James J>nffy

Michael link

18 '

William Price

John McCowan

Bobert Peelan

Thomas WaUaoe

William Moams

George Helm

James Moore

((

Bobert Negiton

Charles Cowan

John Henry

William Butler

Stephen London

John MK/lean

WOUam Johnston '*

22 *

Anthony Pelser

((

John Thompson

Charles Carter

((

William Hamer

((

John Awl

John Gracely

23 '

Samuel Wood

Christian Winters "

Patrick Weldin

(Jeorge Conrad

((

Michael Kennedy

((

Daniel M«Neal

John M^Quade

((

Jacob Hotter

April

4 '

Wm Moobe

lA ISth Begi

Captain James Lbe's Company of Abtilleby, 1779 ; enlisted in
Philadelphia for the war.

A Betum of Captain James Lee's Company of Artillery, commanded
by the Hon^^ Brigadier Gen' Ordinance, Henry Knox.
Captain, James Lee.
Capt, Lieu^, William Power.
Lieu^ Samuel Douty.

Notes and Queries.

698

Drum,

John Scoane.

William Ellis.

iVe.

Sergeants.

Leonard Broom,

Jacob Spiegal,

John Hyer,

Francis Stewart.

ChrparcUs,

James Little,

John McDonald,

Owen McCarthy,

John Neville,

Joseph Oliver.

Bombardiers.

Samuel Essop,

George Gadsby.

Ounners.

Bndolph Efisling,

Charles Proud,

Joshua Fletcher,

Joshua Williams.

Matrosses.

John Caldwell,

William M«Matliews,

Peter Gainer,

Patrick M'Nuth,

William Gkjle,

Patrick M«Caffirey,

Peter GK>rdon,

WUliam Bobinson,

Samuel Kenpies,

James Bobinson,

Robert Learon,

Patrick Biley,

Edward Wallace.

William Power,

Oc^t. Lieut.

West Point 17»* August

1779. Personally appeared Capt. James Lee

A made oath that the above is a true return of the Company of Artil-

lery under his Command.

H. Knox,

Brig. Oen^ Artillery.

War Office, 4**' Sep* 1779. The above w a true Copy firom Brig. Gen»

Artillery— the original return filed in this Office.

Bek. Stoddart, SeeSf.

Rbturk op Bbo&uits

ENLISTED BY LlEUT. JaMBB MoCuLLOCH

FOR THE 6TH Pbnna. Bbot., Philada., July 27. 1778.

Samuel Sterrit,

April 12. Deserted May, 1778.

John Watt,

<< 18. Deserted.

Matthew Durham,

May 1.

James Heslit,

" 9.

William John,

** 26.

Michael Deburgh,

** 26.

John Maclean,

*« 26. Deserted July 12.

John Collin,

" 27. On Furlough.

John Haherty,

June 1.

Bobert McDonald,

** 1.

John Jones,

'* 26.

Frederick Lockhart,

" 28. Deserted July.

Jacob Bosewell,

" 28.

Frances Minxes,

July 1.

VOL. XXV.— 38

594 Notes and Queries^

Peter Thompeon,

July

Joseph Perry,

Nathaniel Wichtright,

26,

John James,

25.

Edward Davia,

((

26.

James McCulloch,

Lieut 6^ PWina. Reg^.

Marriages performed bt John CuiMEirr, J. P., 1799-1801. —

1799, Nov. 28.— Jb^n Capeland to Mary Moore, both of Newton

Township, Gloucester Co., N. J.

1800, Jany. 8. — Jame9 Sogers to Rebeoea Grant, both of Litde Egg

Harbor Township, Burlington Co., N. J.

Jany. 19.— /«aao Briant to Baehel Matlock, both of Watford
Township, Gloucester Co., N. J.

Jany. 80. — Peter Farrow to Bebecoa Tlibert, both of Gloucester
Co., N. J.

Feby. 9. — John Chee$eman to Mary Pearoe, of Gloucester
Township.

Feby. \Z,-^Andrew Lee to Elizabeth Waters, both of Waterfbrd
Township, Gloucester Co., N. J.

March 10,-- Webster Thomas, of Gloucester Township, to Sarah
Miller, of Waterford Township, Gloucester Co.,
N.J.

March 20. — Hezekiah Shivers, of Newton Township, to Rebecca
Kay, of Waterford Township, Gloucester Co.,
N. J.

March 2^,—JoshxM Erich to Hannah Effreth, both of Newton
Township, Gloucester Co., N. J.

June 16. — Joseph Hustis to Tamer Cox, both of Newton Town-
ship, Gloucester Co., N. J.

June 21. — David Hurley to Hannah ERUman, both of Newton
Township, Gloucester Co., N. J.

June 26. — Joseph Webb to Rebecca Coping, both of Gloucester
Township and County, N. J.

Oct 12. — Benjamin Bond to Ann Sharp, of Eavesham Town-
ship, Burlington Co., N. J.

Oct. le.—Oasper Souder, of Phikdelphia, to Sarah Eimble,
of Gloucester Township and County, N. J.

Not. 10. — Thomas Rodger to Mary Broderick, of Chester
Township, Burlington Co., N. J,

Dec. Z,— Robert QUmore to Elizabeth Barthomoly, of Newton
Township.

Dec 4.— Jo An Ftarce to Elizabeth Haines, of Chester Town-
ship, Burlington Co., N. J.

Dec. IS.^Samuel Waters to Barbery Denny, of Newton Town-
ship.

1801, Jany. S.—Martin Overs to Sarah Hurst, both of Waterford

Township, Gloucester Co., N. J.

Feby. 12.— JoAn Eastlack to Rebecca Matlock, of Newton Town-
ship.

Feby. 19. — Aaron Hughes to Rachel Madeira, of Gloucester
Co., N. J.

ifotea and Queries^ 595

1801, March 9.— JbAn ChUim to Mary WUlshier, of GlouoeBter Co.,
N.J,

April 9. — Samuel Clement to Abagail Staekhause, of Newton
Township.

Julj 11. — John WhUeman, of Philadelphia^ to Mary Roberte,
of Gloucester Township and County, N, J.

Aug. 1 8. — Godfrey Page to Mintee Harrison, of Gloucester Co.,
N. J,

Oct. 18. — Isaac Ivens to Amy Hopper, of Waterford Town-
ship, Gloucester Co., N. J.

Oct. Ib.—Josiah Matlaek to Sarah EUis, of Waterford Town-
ship«

(RttCtfed.

Fabrab. — ^Who were the ancestors of Major John Farrar, of Framing-
ham, Massachusetts, mijor of the Third Begiment of Middlesex County,
Massachusetts, Militia in 1757? Had a Brother Joseph and a sister
Margaret Was twice married : first to Martha Swift, second to Deb-
orah Winch.

W, H. Abbott.
Savosetiss, New Yokk.

Chanoebt Lane, Philadelphia. — In Watson's Annals, first edi-
tion (1880), page 266, it is stated that <' When lawyers practised in the
old Court-House, lawyers Roes [John Boss] and Lawrence [ ]

hdd their offices in the small alley since [called] Chancery Lane — a name
derived from them."

Can any of the Magazine's readers supply the full name of and identify
the Lawrence in question, or indicate where on this street their offices
were located?

Legal Aktiquabian.

Taylob. — Can you tell me who were the parents of Robert Taylor, a
mijor in the Second Battalion of Davis's Cumberland County, Pennsyl-
vania, Militia, 1777 and 1778? Whom did he marry, where reside, and
what became of his descendants ? A son went West and settled in Ohio.

William Henby.

J9ooli notices.

HiSTOBY OF the BbINOHUBST FAMILY, WITH NOTES OK THE ClABK-

SON, De Peysteb, and Boude Families. By Josiah GranviUe
Leach, LL.B. Philadelphia, 1901. Boyal 4to, pp. 153. Illus-
trated. Printed for private circulation.
The Bringhursts of the United States are descended from the Bring*
hursts of Leicestershire, England, the earliest mention of their name
being found prior to the year 1260. John Bringhurst, whose widow and
children emigrated to Pennsylvania about 17^, was a son of Thomas
Bringhurst, a physician and surgeon of London. He married Bouna
Pracne, of Q^man birth, whose father had been a clersyman, but later
joined the Friends and removed to England. Their children were Bosina
Elizabeth, who married a son of Richard Dungworth ; John, from whom

696 Notes cmd Queries^

descend the Wilmington, Delaware, branch, who married Mary Clajpoole,
and became an OTerseer of the poor and an overBeer of what is now
tlie William Penn Charter School ; Barbara, who married William
Morrison ; and Qeorge, who married Anna Ashmead, and became the
head of the Germantown branch of the family. In the eight generations
compiled by Colonel Leach will be recognized the names of those who
have been prominent in civil and military life, in the law, in medicine,
and in manu&ctures and mercantile pursuits. The book is profusely
illustrated : for a frontispiece the Bringhurst arms in colors ; p(ntraits ;
fiic-similes of letters to Dr. Joseph Bringhurst from John Dickinson,
Thomas Jefferson, Robert Fulton, and Henry Clay; three letters of
Washington ; the journals of John Bringhurst, Jr., ending in the year
1746, and Joseph Bringhurst, 1750-1810 ; a power of attorney of Dr.
Thomas Bringhurst, the grandfather of the emigrants, dated 1660 ; and
the seats of members of the fiunily in various States. The head- and
tail-pieces and the initial letters are from original designs. Following
the notes on the allied families of Clarkson, De Peyster, and Boude is
a very comprehensive index. The book is handsomely printed on special
made paper, and is from the Lippincott press.

Procbbdinqs and Collections of the Wyoming Historical and
Geological Society. Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, 1901. Illus-
trated. Vol. VI., 8vo, pp. 846. Price, $5.00.

Since the year 1894 the Bev. Horace £. Hayden has edited the pub-
lications of this Society, and the present volume cannot fidl of an en*
thusiastic reception by the larger public as well as by his own growing
audience. Especial attention is called to the following papers : "Inves^
tigation of the Buried Valley of Wyoming;" "Sketch of Balph Dupuy
Lacoe;" ** Centennial of Luieme County, 1786-1886;" "Colonel
Isaac Barr^;" " Early Settlement of Dallas Township;" "Records of
the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkesbarre, 1808-1829 ;" and "A Pio-
neer Settler of Susquehanna County."

From the Beport of Mr. Hayden as Corresponding Secretary and
Librarian, we learn that nineteen hundred and thirty-five boola and
pamphlets were added to the library in the year 1900, and that the in-
vestments have been increased from, four thousand five hundred dollars
in 1898 to sixteen thousand one hundred and sixteen dollars, — an ex-
tremely creditable showing. An exhaustive index of names has been
appended to the volume.

Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society.
Baltimore, 1901. Illustrated. No. 9, pp. 190.
It is gratifying to note the interest which has attended the efforts of
the energetic gentlemen who are developing the histoiy of the Jews in
America Uirough the publications of their Historical Society. The vol-
ume under notice contains the follovring valuable papen of special in-
terest to students of history : "The Early Jewish SetUement at Lancas-
ter, Pennsylvania ;" "Jews and the American Anti-Slavery Movement :
whence came the First Jewish Settlers of New York?" "The (Jerman-
Jewish Migration to America ;' ' " Francis Salvador, a Prominent Patriot
of the Bevolutionary War ;'* and " Notes on the Histoiy of the Earliest
German- Jewish Congregation in America."

Officers of the Historical Society of Pennsylvarda. 597

OFFICERS

HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

pbesident.
Hon. Samuel Whitaker Pennypackeb.

honobary vi0e-president8.
Hon. Cbaio Biddle, Ferdinand J. Drber.

vice-presidents.
Henry Charles Lea, Charlbicaone Tower, Jr.,

Hon. Jambs T. Mitchell, Charles Hare Hutchinson,

William Brooke Bawlb.

RBCOBDINO SECBBTABY.

Hampton L. Carson.

corresponding secretary.
John Bach McMaster.

treasure b.
Francis Howabd Williams.

698 Officers of the Histoneal Society of Pennsylvania.

AUDITOR.

BiOHABD M. Cabwaladbb.

libbabiak.
Obeqobt B. Ebbn.

assistant libbabian.
John W. Jobdak.

histobioobaphbb.
J. Obanvillb Lbaoh.

OOUNOILLOBS.

Hon. James T. Mitchell^ President,
John C. Browne, John B. Gbst,

WiLLiAic Bbookb Bawle, Chables Habe Hutohinson,

Oboboe Habbison Fisheb, Chablekaone Toweb, Jb.>

William O. Thomas, William H. Lambebt,

GHABLS9 BOBEBTS, SiMON OrATZ.

The President, the Becording Secretary, the Corresponding
Secretary, the Treasiirer, and the Auditor are ex officio mem-
bers of the Council.

trustees op the publication and binding

FUNDS.

Hon. S. W. Pbnnypacker, Charles Hare Hutchinson,
Hon. James T. Mitchell.

Officers of the Historical Society of Pmnsyhxxnia. 699

tbustbes of thb libbaby fund.

Hon. S. W. Pbnnypaokbr, John Baoh MoMastbb,

Gregory B. EIbbk.

tbustbbs of thb oilpik libbaby.

Hon. S. W. Pbknypaokeb^ Chablbs Habb Hutohiksok^
WiLUAic Bbookb Bawlb^ Obobgb Habbison Fishbb^

Henby Chablbs Lea.

tbustbbs of the endowment fund.

Hon. S. W. Pennypaokeb, Hampton L. Gabson,

Biohabd M. Cabwaladeb.

tbustbes of the febdinand j. dbebb oollec-
tion of manusobipts.

Hon. S. W. Pennypaokeb, William Bbookb Rawle,

Hampton L. Cabson^ Obeqoby B. Keen,

Edwin Obeble Dbeeb.

tbustbbs of the pennsylvania histobioal
study bnooubaoement fund.

Hon. S. W. Pennypaokeb, William Bbookb Rawle,

Gregory B. Keen.

trustees of the building fund.

Hon. S. W. Pennypaokeb, William Bbookb Rawle,

Thomas G. Mobton, M.D.

600 Officers of the Historical Society of Pennsykania.

STATED MEETINGS.

January 13, 1902. May 12, 1902.

March 10, 1902. November 10, 1902.

January 12, 1903.

Annual memberBhip $5.00

life membership 50.00

Publication Fund, life subscription . . 25.00
Pennsylyania Magazine, per annum . . 3.00

Payments may be made to the Librarian at tiie Hall, 1300
Locust Street, or to the Collector.

INDEX.

(Funily wirnanw of value in genefclogfcal reieaich are printed in CAPITALS ; namee of

placet in Oo^iet.)

Abbott, W. H., query of, 595

AJ^erlonen, mention of Presbytery ot
874

Abkiffton, damage done by British in,
828

Aooomoo Oauniif, Records of, 185, 188

ADAMS, 858, 417

Adams, , 500, 507

Adams, Mrs. Ann, private letter of,
861; mentioned, 857

Adams, I. M., captain of ship " Elisa-
beth," 255, 256

Adams, John, 71, 858, 859, 860

Adams, John Quincy, 859, 860, 528,
529

Adams, Joseph, Jr. and Br., 858

Adams, Louisa C, writes letter of in-
troduction for Lt. Buchanan, 529

Adams, Samuel, 858, 580

"Adelaide," query concerning author
of, 481

Agricultural Society, dinner ot in
1818, 868

Alhtmp, Christian Indians removed
from Philadelphia to, 17; bad ac-
counts from, of Capt. Lacey's regi-
ment, 198; mentioned, 512

AUnmy Town$h*p, 208

Aldingham, rector of, mentioned, 100

Alexander, Lt. , 198

Alexander, James, 422

Alexander, William, Collector of Cus-
toms at Philadelphia, 576

AletKmdrio, Mrs. Washington desires
ladies of, to show civility to Mrs.
Isard, 187; Bank of, mentioned,
856

Alison, Rev. Francis, letter ot 419

Alison, Lt. Robert letter to, 419, 420

Allen, , 44, 145

Allen, Andrew, inylted to be present at
first meeting of Society of Sons of
St. Tammany, 446 ; political life ot
447, 448

Allen, Lt. Collan, 346

Allen, James, invited to be present at
first meeting of Society of Sons of
St. Tammany, 446; political life ot
447

Allen, Nancy, censured, 467

Allen, Robert 422

Allen, Hon. William, toast in honor
ot at first meeting of Society of
Sons of St. Tammany, 448

Alspaugh, David, 578

Amberson, William, 591

Amboif, Indian converts arrive at 17

American Jewish Historical Society,
publications ot noticed, 596

American People, History ot noticed^
482

American Portraits, Index to, 47, 228^
384

American Revolution, plundering by
the British army during the, 114

Anderson, » 211

Anderson, John, name assumed by
Andr«, 159

Andwr90n*9 Or€€k, 215

Andr^ Major John, visits house of
Edward Shippen, 29; appointed
aide-de-camp, 198; mention of cap-
ture ot 147, 148, 151, 296; writes
to Mrs. Arnold, 158, 159, 160, 182,
188, 185; assumes name of John
Anderson, 150, 159, 297; Arnold
YislU tomb ot 164 ; fate ot 870

Ann Arundel County, Md., 248, 251

AnnapolU, destruction of the brig
*' Peggy Stewart" at 248, 249, 250,
258; celebration at in honor of
St. Tammany, 441, 442

" Anti-Slavery Movement Jews and
the American," 596

Armino, Peter, 428

Armstrong, Ellas, 590

Armstrong, John, 428

Arnold, Qen. Benedict attempts to
suppress mob at Philadelphia, but
Is repulsed, 26; love-letters ot 80,
601

«02

Index.

81; rocelTM epaiilettM from Oen.
WftahlDfftoii. 81; courtship of, 82;
recelYM oonMnt of Bdward Shippen
to his marriage, 88; treated with
poUtsness by Washington, 89; pur-
chased Ht. Pleasant, 89; marriage
notice of, 89; residence of, 41;
children of, 42, 168, 165; In com-
mand at West Point, 42; directs
Mrs. Arnold to West Point, 44, 46 ;
warned against Joshua Hett Smith,
146 ; treason of, 148, 149, 150, 151,
152, 157, 182, 186, 870 ; accused of
misconduct when In command of
Philadelphia, 156; unpopularity of,
tn Philadelphia, 167 ; communicates
Information to Clinton under name
of Gustayus, 159, 160 ; Is joined by
Mrs. Arnold, 162, 168; departs for
Bngland, 168 ; visits tomb of Andr6,
164; trading speculations of, 167;
▼Islts St. John, N. B., 168; Barl
of Lauderdale casts reflections on
character of, 169, 170, 171. 178,
460, 461, 462 ; death of, 172, 472 ;
will of, 172, 801 ; at Montreal, 194,
197, 198, 199; extravagance of,
289; asks for protection for Mrs.
Arnold, 800, 801; mentioned, 462,
458, 454, 456, 456, 461, 468; re-
ported killed m duel, 460, 461, 462 ;
reported captured, 464 ; defeated at
Crown Point, 504, 505 ; criticised by
Lacey, 504, 505; receives thanks
from Gen. Gates, 505; extent of
command of, 508

Arnold, Mrs. Benedict. Bet Margaret
Shippen Arnold

Arnold, Bdward Shippen, mentioned,
48; accompanies his mother to
Philadelphia, 152 ; data concerning.
165 ; sent as engineer to India, 166,
167, 469, 471, 478, 477, 479, 481.
482, 488, 492, 498, 494

Arnold, George, data concerning, 165;
at school, 464 ; In the country, 472,
479; obtains entrance Into Royal
Military College, 480, 488. 489;
praised by mother, 482, 485 ; leaves
for India, 167, 492, 498, 494, 495;
mentioned, 452

Arnold, Hannah, letters of, 42, 145

Arnold, Henry. 48; letters from Mrs.
Arnold to, 481, 486. 488, 489

Arnold, James Robertson, data con-
cerning, 165 ; appointed engineer at
Barbadoes, 167, 492, 494 ; writes to
his relatives In Philadelphia, 176;
at school, 464 ; praised by his
mother, 477, 482; letter ot 478;

at Northumberland, 481 ; ordered to
West Indies, 487, 489 ; expected to
return to Bngland, 497

Arnold, Lisa, 479

Arnold, Margaret Shippen, sketch of
life of, 20, 145, 289, 452 ; portrait
ot and child, 420; family corre-
spondence ot 452-497

Arnold, Richard, letter to, from Mrs.
Arnold, 468, 464, 481, 486, 488, 480

Arnold, Sophia, data concerning, 166;
sickness ot 469, 470, 471, 477, 486,
498; praised by mother, 482; is
Invited to visit America, 496 ; letter
ot 496, 497; mentioned, 176, 464,
472, 479, 489, 494

Arnold, William FItcli, data ooacem-
Ing, 165 ; mention of health of, 478 ;
brother Bdward to provide for, 477,
482 ; at school, 487, 489, 497

Artillery, list of oAoers of First
Penna. regiment ot 689; company
of, mentioned, 592

Ashburton Library, sale of the. 188,
189

ASHMBAD, 596

Ashmead, Samuel, 226

Ashton, Benjamin, 690

Assembly, General, last of the, under
the Pennsylvania Constitution of
1776, 220

Assessment of Damages done by the
British Troops during the Occupa-
tion of PhiUdelphla, 828, 644

Assheton, Robert, Collector of Customs
at Philadelphia, 576

A99opu% (Bsopus), 618

Auclunuty, ^ 875

Austin. Lt. Joseph, 689

Au9 Noiw, J9km4 of, army encamped
at, 194, 202, 206 ; unhealthlness ot
208, 204

Avery. Capt. John, 482

Awl, John, 592

Bache, Richard, receives letter from
President Jefferson concerning gong
belonging to Franklin, 862; signs
resolution opposing the calling of a
State Convention, 687

BACON, 417

Bagsell, Thomas, 590

Bailey, John, 591

Bailey, Quilar, 588

Bailey, Thomas, 480

Baird, John, 226

Bald Boole Creek, 211

Bald Bagle Ridge, 212

Baldwin, Dr. , attends Mrs. Madl*

son, Jr., 864

Index.

608

Baldwin. Bey. Dr. , 100

Baldwin. Lt-Col. , 507

Baldwin, Chrlatopbora, 100

Balilet, Stephen, 226

Balmaln, , 864

BalUmore, 70, 240, 261

Bampton, Hen., 286

Banager, , 45

Bankion, Capt. John, 580

BaptlMD of a Blave of Washington, 586

Baptists near Reading mentioned, 381,
882

Barclay* * 877

Barclay, Alexander, Collector of Cus-
toms at Philadelphia, 576

Barklett, Henry, 422

Barlow, , 264

Barnard, John, 500

Bams, John, 583

Barr, James, 226

Barr6, Col. Isaac, 430, 506

Barthomoly, Bllsaheth, marriage of,
504

Bartley, James, 420

Barton, Eev. Mr. , writes on mis-
sionary work around Beading, 373,
381 ; mention of letters to, 538 ;
recommends Alex. Murray, 530

Bassett, , 136, 137

Battiscomb, Richard, appointed execu-
tor to will of Thomas Penrose, 286

Batwell, » appointed chaplain of

New York volunteers, 102

BawswUl, Lt. , tried and ac-
quitted, 102

Bayard, Lt.-Col., tried for causing
death of Lt. Byrd, 100, 101

Bayard, J. A., endorses the appoint-
ment of John B. Meigs as cadet, 78

Bayard, Robert, Collector of Customs
at Philadelphia, 576

Baylor, Jacob, 577

Beal, , 360, 361

Bean, John, 501

Beatty, Ensign John, 101, 106, 202,
207, 341

Beaver, Gov. James A., appoints Dr.
Bgle SUte Librarian, 133

Beaver River, Notes of Travel from
the Susquehanna to, 208

BECK, 10

Beck, J. Augustus, 10

Beck, Hon. James M., 10

Beck, Paul, present during atUck on
James Wilson's house, 26

Bedford, Grosvenor, Collector of Cus-
toms at Philadelphia, 576

Beech OreeK 212

Belli, William, 420

BELL, 288

Bell, Patterson, 421

Belfliofit, hospitality of Judge Peters
at, 366

Bendle, Joseph, 422

Benjamin, J. P., endorses the appoint-
ment of John R. Meigs as cadet, 78

Benyan, Brig. MaJ., 424

Berhe Oownty, Pa,, inhabitants of, pe-
tition for missions, 372 ; number of
Papists in, 380

Bemair4^e Ferd, 364

Bertrand, Lewis, 421

Bethlehem^ mention of Rev. B. A.
Grube's connection with, 14, 15, 10 ;
settlement of Cliristlan Indians at,
15; Moravian archives at, 16; In-
dian mission transferred to, 17, 18 ;
mentioned, 513

BEVERLY, 288

Bewley, John, Collector of Customs at
Philadelphia, 676

Bicker, CoL H., commander of Second
Regiment of Pennsylvania, 420

Biggs, John, 601

Bigler, WllUam, endorses the appoint-
ment of John R. Meigs as cadet, 78

BUlow, John, 600

Bingham, William, 138

Blnney, Barnabas, 680

Biographical Sketch of Rev. Bemhard
Adam Grube, 14 ; and of Col.
Thomas Hartley, 303

BIOREN, 142

Bioren, Benjamin, 142

Bloren, John S., 142

Bioren, Mary, 142

Bird, » subscriber to missions in

Berlcs County, 373

Bltonier, John, 423

BLACKBURN, 288

Bland, Charles, 601

Blight, Isaac bill drawn on, protested,
466, 466

Blight, Peter, bill drawn by, protested,
466, 466

BUnston, John, witnesses deed of land
to WilUam Penn, 434

Bliss, CoL , 536

Bliss, Betty T., letter of, 536

Blue Mmmtain, 513

Blue Bidge 70

Bogge Oamutg and TowneMp, 212

Bond, Benjamin, marriage of, 604

Bond, Phlneas, 474

Bond, Thomas, 581

Bond, WUly, 36, 37

Boraman, William, 423

BORDEN, 432

Boeton, 11, 501; communication con-
cerning antagonism existing between

604

Index.

New York delegates and thoie from,
418

BOUDB, 595, 596

Boantlea, Franklin critlciMS Bngland'a
motive In granting, 521, 522

Boyer, Leonard, 590

Boys, Bllas, 226

Braddock, Oen^ 90, 809

Bradford, , 228, 428

Bradford, William, 489

Bradford Oounip, 208

BRAD8HAW, 288

Brady Town€h4p, 215

Brainfree, 858

Brandmlller, John, 15

Branbam, Bbeneser, 480

Breck, Lucy. 867

Breck, Samuel, 866

Brewer, Col. , 506

Brewln, SiaJ., 108

Brlant, Isaac, marriage notice of, 594

Brice, John, 251

Brick, Joshua, marriage of, 594

Brickett, Qen., ordered to reprimand
Lt. Whitney, 508

Bright, John, 577

Brlnghurst Family, History of, noticed,
595

Brlnton, Dr. , 487

Brlsbln, Col. James, 188

BriBtol, 828, 518

British Army, Plundering by the, dur-
ing the Revolution, 114

British Troops, Assessment of Dam-
ages done by, during the Occupa-
tion of Philadelphia, 828, 544

Britton, Thomas, 226

Brocke, George, 285

Broderick, Mary, marriage of, 594

Broom, Sergeant Leonard, 598

Brown, A. G., endorses the appoint-
ment of John B. If eigs as cadet, 78

Brown, Ann, bequest to, 185

Brown, John, 581

Brown, Solomon, 420

Brown, Susanna, will of, mentioned,
185

Brown, Thomas, will ef, mentioned,
185, 186

Brown, Thomas, 428

Browne, Peter A., 868

Bruntioioh, 48

Brunton, James, 581

Bruton Church, 585

Bryan, , 228

Bryan, Guy, signs resolution opposing
calling State Convention, 587

Bryan, James, 226

Bryan, John, 428, 577

Bryan, William, 588

Bryant k May, 576

Bryant, Wilberforce, owner of Stoke
Park, 576

Bryce, Capt. John, 589

Buchanan, , 529

Buchanan, Bev. Bdward Y^ 77

Buchanan, Hon. James, appoints John
R. Meigs as cadet, 78 ; offered a seat
in Cabinet of M. Van Buren, 581

Buchanan Papers, fac-simile of letter
In, 75, 76, 77

Buchanan, Lt. Robert C, letter of in-
troduction for, 529

Budianan, Capt. Thomas, 589

*' Buck Skins," 442

BuoMngham Town$h4p, John Lacey
appointed captain from, 10,
518

Buckinghamshire, Barl of, 141

Buckley, Abraham, 591

Buok$ Oouniif, Pa,, 518 ; birthplace of
John Lacey, 1; Abraham Chapman
owns plantations in, 2; Indians In,
5; Capt. Lacey marches from, 11«
12, 18; rifles ordered from, 192;
burial-place of Tamanend, 487;
Lacey praises regiment from, 499;
John Wilkinson member of Assembly
from, 515

Budonot, , 419

BuMer'9 Hotel, HorrUfmrg, 284

Buior, Walter, ringleader in causing
destruction of " Foggy Stewart,*' 251

Bull,' Col. , compelled to resign,

499

Burd, MaJ. Bdward, marriage of, 29,
88, 34, 85; letters ot 84, 85, 86,
157; sickness of wife of, 48, 44;
writes concerning Mrs. Arnold's
order to leave Philadelphia, 160,
161; mention of set of china for
wife of, 164; writes on Mrs. Ar-
nold revisiting Philadelphia, 168;
his affection for Mrs. Arnold, 169,
467; letters from Mrs. Arnold to,
174, 177, 455, 478 ; mentioned, 291,
292

Burd, Mrs. Bdward, letters from Mrs.
Arnold to, 455, 456, 457, 458, 470,
471; writes on death of Qen. Ar-
nold. 477

Burd, James, present during attack on
James Wilson's house, 26; receives
letter from son concerning order
given to Mrs. Arnold to leave Phila-
delphia, 160, 161, 298; mentioned,
291

Burd, Mary Shippen, 291

Burd. Sarah, will of, 176; moitioned,
291

Index.

605

Burge, f losaee of, during riot In

PhUadelphla, 20
Bnrgoyne, Qen., 511
BurHnaton, N, J,, rarreyt at, 148, 286

Burnet, Dr. , 508

Burnet, William, 580

Burr, Aaron, makes chargea against

Mrs. Arnold, 45, 46, 178, 170. 180,

181, 182, 188, 184, 185, 186, 187;

at college with P. V. Fithlan, 144 ;

offers to accompany Mrs. Arnold to

PhlUdelphia, 152. 154 ; character ot

158, 154, 170; insults Mrs. Arnold

and is repulsed, 154, 155, 162, 178 ;

forges name of Oen. Dearborn. 170 ;

duel between, and Hamilton. 170;

hatred of, towards Washington and

Hamilton mentioned. 181, 180;

marriage of, 182, 188; relationship

with Shlppen family, 186
Burr. Bey. Aaron, 158
Burr, Sarah, 158
Burton, Rev. Dr. Daniel, letters from

Alex. Murray to. 876. 878, 870. 880,

881, 882. 587, 588, 580, 540. 541,

542, 548
Bu9h HUh 188
Butcher, Aaron, 417

Butler, Capt. , 400

Butler, Gen. B. F.. 188

Butler, Col. Richard, 421. 422

BuUer. William, 578, 502

Bpherry, damages dona by British In,

820
BYNG. 141
Byone, John, 428
Byrd. Lt.. death of. 101
Byrne. James, first celebration in

memory of St. Tammany held at

house of, 442, 446

Cabeen, Francis yon A., contributes
sketch of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany of Philadelphia. 488

Caduc. Col. , 45

Cadwalader, Gen. John, reported to be
engaged to marry Miss Bond, 86.
87; iuTited to attend first meeting
of Society of Sons of St. Tammany,
446; political life of, 440

Cadwalader, Lambert, letter of. 250;
inyited to attend first meeting of
Society of Sons of St. Tammany.
446 ; political life of. 440

OaenoU, 108

Cain, John, 500

Calbraith, John, 421

Caldwell, Andrew, 581

Caldwell. John. 508

Caldwell k Meas, 420

Call, Abraham. 420

Call, Andrew. 480

CalTinists. 881. 542

CALVBBT. 288

Caml>ridoe, M. Randolph makes his
home in, 862. 868

Cammel. Thomas, 577

Camorin, John, 428

Camp NeUon, Ky,, 188

Campbell. ^ 211

Campbell. Capt, present during attack
on James Wilson's house, 25 ; death
of, 26. 202

Campbell. George, present during at-
tack on James Wilson's house. 25;
mentioned, 580

Campbell. John, 500

Campbell, Rev. John, 805

Campbell, Lt. Thomas, 580

Ca/naAa, American army In, 104, 202;
poor supplies for army in, 845;
mention of lands in. owned by
Arnold, 482, 485, 480

CANADY, 288

Canaird. , lodging-house of, in

Washington. D. C, 72

Carlisle. , 507

Carlisle, Abraham, tried and convicted
of treason. 28. 24. 187, 200. 202

CarUtle, trade to. 6

Carlow. f senrant for Mrs. Arnold,

482

CARLTON. 288

Carlton. Gen. , 201

CARPBNTBR. 888

Carpenter, MaJ. James Bdward, obitu-
ary notice of, 888

Carpenter, Samuel, 888

Carpenter. Thomas, 888

0arpeHter*9 HaU, Gen. Nichols obtains
cartridges from arsenal at, 25

Carroll. Charles. 240, 258

Carson, John, 226

Carson, Joseph, 422

Carson, Thomas, 588

Carter, Charles. 502

Carter. John, 420

Carter, Robert, 144

Cathcart, Col. Lord, 100

Centre County, 212, 218

CHAMBERS. 288

OhambereJmrg, 284

Chaniblee, 105. 107, 108, 100, 202, 208

ChamoeUorevUle, MaJ. Carpenter in
battle of, 888

Chancery Lane, PJ^Ua., query concern-
ing. 505

CHANDLBB, 288

Cliandler. Z., endorses the appointment
of John R. Meigs as cadst, 78

606

Index.

Olumtmy, battle ot 183

CHAPMAN, 2

Chapman, Abraham, owna land In
Bncka Connty, 2; tketch of, 2

Chapman, John, 220, 690

Chapman, Joseph, clerk of Honthly
Heetlng of Qnakers, 191

Chapman, Snaan, 2

CEUPMAN8, 614

Ohari€$ Oit^ Oaurt-HouMe, Va,, 68S

Charlee, John, 428

Chattln, John, 690

Cheeeeman, John, marriage of, 694

Cheeren, AMjah, 680

0h$ltemh9mf damage done by British
In, 829

Cherry Town$h4p, 208

Ohetier, 11, 12, 192

OheeUr Oountp, 641, 648

Ohetiertown, 87, 268

Ohetfnmi Wmrd, damage done by Brit-
ish In, 826

Chew, Miss , mentioned as hsTlng

small-pox, 268

Chew, Mrs. , misfortune to, 467

Chew, Benjamin, uses Influence In be-
half of Indian converts, 18; men-
tioned as Becorder of Philadelphia,
448; Invited to first meeting of
Society of Sons of St. Tammany,
446 : political life of, 447

Chew family mentioned, 168

Chew, N., 41

OMmklaoamooee, 211, 214

Church, Capt. , 192, 198, 848

(HnokMaU, McLean flag hoisted at,
682

Cincinnati, Society of, 806, 866

City Tuvem, 228

CLARK, 288

Clarke, William, Collector of Customs
at Philadelphia, 676

Clarke. Bee Denman

Clarkes, » tenants of Penrose, 286

CLARK80N, 696, 696

Clarkson, , 89

Clay, Alexander, 480

Clay, Henry, 110, 179, 696

CLATPOOLB. 696

CLAYTON, 100

CUyton, Bllsabeth, 100

Clayton, J. M., 686

Clayton, John, 100

Clayton, Robert, Bxtracts from Or-
derly-Book of, 100

Olearfieia, 211, 218, 214, 216

Clement, John, 694

Clement, Samuel, marriage of, 696

Clemson, James, 226

Clevedon, 286, 286

CUft, George, 480

Cllne, Peter, 690

Cllngen, Thomas, 226

Clinton, Sir Henry, 42, 169, 297

Clymer, Daniel and George, present

during attack on James Wilson's

house, 26
Cobum, , aids Bawle family In

defending home, 28
Cochran, Hon. Capt. Charles, 100
Cochran, John, 680
Cock. Lasse, witnesses deed of land to

William Penn, 484
Coe, Judge, 46
Cogswell, WUllam, 681
Cole, DaTld, 691
OolebrooMole Toum$h4p, 808

Coleman, , sells Stoke Park, 676

Colestream, Col. , 676

Collectors of Customs at Philadelphia,

676
Collin, John, 698

Collins, ^ HO

Collins, Henry, 688

Collins, John, 690 ; marriage of, 696

Collins, Margaret Morris, HI

Colode, John, 422

Colt, John, 118

Coltman, Capt. Robert, 689

ColTll, Lord, 874'

OowipiOH MotHh, 286

Conarroe Collection of Manuscripts

presented to Historical Society, 428
Conarroe, <3eorge M., 870
OonnectUmi, first settlers of, agree to

be goTemed by Laws of Moses, 818
Conner, John, 421
Conner, P. S. P., answers query, 288
CONNOLLY, 141
Conrad, George, 678, 692
Constable, William, 690
Constitutional Republicans, formation

of Society of, 686
Continental army, pay-roll of hospital

department of, 680
Conway, Mr. and Mrs. P. B., 110
COOK, 482
Cook, John, 692
Cooke, Henry, 426
Coombe, Rev. Thomas, Invited to first

meeting of Society of Sons of St.

Tammany, 446; political llf^ of,

447
Cooper, Lucy Smyth, query of, 141
Cope, Isaac, 44

Coping, Rebecca, marriage of, 694
CORDURY, 417
Cornelius, GodUeb, 426
Comwallls, General, 27, 29, 100, 108,

168, 468, 469, 471, 480, 488

Index.

607

Corter, Peter, 685

CwryeV9 Ferry, 518

Conies, Thomas, wltneMes will of

Penroee, 286
County WHlB and Index to Admlnii-

trations. Abstracts of, 287
Coyentrj, John, 580
Cowan, Charles, 502
Cowell, John, 580
Cowman, Jos., 250
Cowperthwalte, Thomas, h Co., letter

to, 584

Cor, , 44

Cos, John, 489

Cos, Tamer, marriage of, 504

Coxe, A., 42

Coxe, Daniel. 175. 176, 474, 476, 470,

481, 488, 485, 488, 408, 404. 405
Coxe, Isaac, hastens to the aid of

James Wilson, 26
Craig, Capt. Isaac, 400. 580
Craig, James, 588
Craig, Mathew, 421
Craigie, Andrew, 581
Craik, James, 580
Cran, John, 420

Cranch, ^ 861

Crane, Col. , 580

Craven, Jeremiah, 501

Crawford, Col. , 141

Crosby, . office keeper for Secre-
tary of State, 862
Crosley, Capt. Lt. Jesse, 580
Cro¥m Paint, 104, 202, 205, 206. 207.

844, 845, 504, 505, 511
Cnlley, Daniel, 577
Cnlp, Andrew, 588

CumJ^erktnd, Lt. Heigs performs ser-
vices at, 70; mission work at,

881
Cunningham, James, 226
Currency, rules for converting, into

sterling 576
Curties, Jos., witnesses deed of land

to William Penn. 484
Cushlng. Bee Low
Customs, Collectors of, at Philadelphia,

576
Cutler, Col. , vouches for Lt.

Robert Buchanan, 520
Cuae, P^ter, 428

Dalailne, ^ 507

Dalby, Thomas, 186
Date OtOd, BngU^nd, 186

Dallas, Lt , 507

Dallas, A. J., opposes the calling of a

State Convention, 587
Doilae Townehip, 506
Dandridge, , 855

DiMr}>y, Pa,, Capt. Lacey quarters
troops at, 12; trouble over paying
board for troops at, 12, 102 ; tailors
of, make uniforms, 18, 102

Darcey, John, 581

Dauphk^ Ceunip, Dr. Bgle*s history of,
183, 184

DAVID, query concerning. 287

Davis, , 432

Davis, Qen. , 505

Davis, Lt.-Col. , 424

Davis, Bdward, 504

Davis, Bit, 500

Davis, George, 577

Davis, Jefferson, recommends the ap-
pointment of John R. Heigs as cadet,
77

Davis, Jonathan, 501

Davis, Matthew L.. 154. 155. 170, 182,
188

Davis, Moses, 577

Davis. Nathaniel 210, 211, 216

Dawson, , 187

Day, , 506

Day, Sherman, 487

Dearborn, Oen. , Aaron Burr

forges name of, 170

De Bry, works of, presented to His-
torical Society, 188

Deburgh, Michael, 508

Deed Poll in Philadelphia. 425

Deen, William, 420

Dehaes, Col. , 841, 342. 840. 400

De Kalb. Baron, 424

De La Mater, John, 581

Delancey, Miss , 481

Delaney, Sharp, present during attack
on James Wilson's house, 25

Delaware, Allied Families of, noticed,
482

Delaware chief, the good qualities of
Tamanend, a, 488

Delaware Indians, Heston*s visit to.
4, 5, 6, 7

Delaware River, navigation on,
stopped, 877 ; mention of grant
of land extending to, 484; Wash-
ington encamps on border of, 518

Delaware Ward, damage done by
British in Upper and Lower, 825

Democratic President, election of first.
71

Denman and Clarke, physicians to Mrs.
Arnold, 486, 408

Denny, Barbery, marriage of, 504

Denwood, Susanna, 185

DB PBYSTBR, 505, 506

Dering, Henry, 226

Destruction of brig ** Peggy Stewart**
at Annapolis, 248

608

Index.

Detrlck, HIcliMl, 681

Detwiler, Bnot, Tamanend boried on
arm of, 487

De Witt. Blcbard Varick, 189

Dick, , adriflM dectraction of

brig "Peggy Stewart,'' 249, 260,
258

Dlcklnaon, , 87

Dickinson, G., 45

DlcUnaon, John, 187, 440, 596; tOMt
In honor of, 448; Invited to first
meeting of Bode^ of Sons of St.
Tammany, 446; devotion of, to
American canse, 447. Bee Galloway

Dickinson College, 805

DICKSON, 417

Dllman, Andrew, 578

Dlnnen, James, 500

Ditts, Francis, 578

Dlz, Jonas, 581

DIXSON, 288

Dobbin. Mrs. R. A., 428

Dock Word, damage done by British
In, 828

Dongan, Patrick, 582

Dongan, Got. Thomas, 577

Dorset k Co., 459, 468

Dorsey, Betsy, 161

Doty, Lt. SamneU 589

Doudi, Robert, 420

Donglas, S. A., endorses the appoint-
ment of John R. lielgs as cadet, 77

Donglas, Capt. Lt Thomas, 589

Dougla$$, damage done by British In,
829

Douglass, George, 428

Douty, Lt. Samnel, 592

DoTey, Godfrey, 578

Downing, Richard, Jr., 226

Dopleetown, Tamanend bnrled near,
487

DRAPBR, 482

Draper, George, 580

Dreer Collection mentioned, 860-865

Drinker, Bllsabeth, extract from Joor-
nal of, 27

Drinker, John, losses of, in Philadel-
phia, 28, 29

DnhUn, Upper, damage done by British
In, 558

Dnchd, Rev. Jacob, Inytted to first
meeting of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany, 446 ; political life of, 447

Duoker'e Tavern, Gkk, head-qnarters of
Gen. Wayne at, 424

DUFFEL, 417

Dnflleld, John, 580

Dnffy, James, 592

Dnify, Patrick, 589

Dnke, John, 428

Dunbar's, ^ 864

Duncan, William, 581

DUNGWORTH, 595

Dunham, John, 590

Dunnell, , 161

Dunwoody, John, 480

Durham, 518

Durham, Matthew, 598

Durr, Jolin Conrad, 886

Du SoUe, J. S., Ill

DUSTON, 148

Duston, Hsnnsh, 148

Duston, Sarah, 148

Dutton, R. J., contributes data con-
cerning New England Company, 286

DuTall, ^ 251, 252

Dwyer, Cornelius, 578

Dyer, MaJ. William, Collector of Cus-
toms at Philadelphia, 576

Baler, Peter, 226

Bastlack, John, marriage of, 594

Baeton, expedition organised at,
against Indians, 804

BbeneMer, Gen. Wayne at, 424, 426

Bckstone, George, 590

Bdmondson, Samuel, 580

Bducatlon, Quakers mentioned as neg-
lecting giving, to their children, 8, 4

BDWARDS, 417

Bgbert, Jacob V., 680

Bgle, William Henry, memoir ot 188

Bldred Town$h4p, Monroe Oomntif, Pa,,
14

BIfreth, Hannah, marriage of, 694

'* Bllsabeth," passenger-list of ship, at
Philadelphia, 256

Blk Ridge, 249, 250, 251

Billot, Frauds, 480

Billot, John, 142, 577

Billot's Indian Bible, query concerning,
142

Bills, Owen, 420

Bills, Sarah, marriage of, 695

Bills, William, 698

Blllson, Dr. , 508

Bmaae, Rev. B. A. Grube pastor at, 19

Bmes, Capt. Worsley, 689

Bmlln, S., 481

Bphrato Cloister, 144

Bphraia, Dunkers of, 387

Brfurth, 14

Brsklne, Sir WlUiam, 108

EUrrine. Bee Irvine

Bssex, , 506

EssUng, Rudolph, 698

Bssop, Samuel, 598

Btting Collection, 868

Bttwein, Rey. John, notes of trarel,
208

Index.

609

Btwell, John, appointed executor to
will of Thomas Penrose, 286

Bnstace, MaJ. Benj., 689

BnstlB, Dr. , attached to military

family of Arnold, 145 ; testifies con-
cemlner Arnold's treachery, 161,
162; believes in Innocence of Hrs.
Arnold, 184, 186

Bnstis, William, 680

EVAN, BVANS DAVID, query con-
cerning, 287

Byans, Peter, Collector of Customs at
Philadelphia, 676

Swing, , 686

Byre, Manuel, opposes the calling of
a State Convention, 687

Fabriclus, Dr. John, 886, 387

Fairfax, 187

Pall, , 684

Fall, Sadie, 686

Faraday, John, 678

Fare, Jacob, 691

FARRAB, genealogical query, 696

Farrow, Peter, marriage ot 694

FAUCBTT, 288

Faust, John, 420

Feast, Sid., witnesses will of Penrose,
286

Feber, Isaac, family of, 688

Fegan, Garret, 690

Fell, Levi, death of, 841

Fenwick family, 482

Ferguson, Capt. William, 689

Fergusson, Blisabeth, letter of, 418

Ferree, Col. John, 691

FIday, John, 682

Field, Rev. , 102

Field, George, 691

Fierr, Daniel, family of, 688

Fisboum, Capt. , 424

Fischer, John, family of, '588

Fisher, , 28

Fisher, Daniel, 677

Fisher, Samuel, 28

FUher*9 Creek, 78

Fitch, Miss, 470, 497 ; writes on death
of Arnold, 472, 478 ; receives letter
from Edward Arnold, 477; recom-
mends Tinmouth to Bfrs. Arnold,
478, 479 ; befriends Mrs. Arnold, 497

Fithian, Philip Tickers, Journal and
letters of, noticed, 144

Fitsgerald, , 866

Fleeson, » 428

Fletcher, Joshua, 698

Flour, petition against forestalling,
686

Flower, Henry, 426

Floyd, Hon. John B., letter to, 77

VOL. XXV. — 39

Floyd, Richard, accounts of, 184

Fogg, , Andrew Jackson writes to,

680

Footman, , 468

Forbes, Gen. Gordon, 676

Forbes, Lt. James, 689

Forbs, James, trades with Indians, 8, 9

Forbus, John, 681

Ford, John W., 142

Forestalling in Philadelphia, petition
against, 686

Forrest, Col. , 869

Forrest Thomas, 589

Fort e^earife, 194, 612

Fort Pitt, muster-roll of Rangers at,
690

Fort WatiMi^gton, letter on capture of,
269

Fort WiUon, house of James Wilson in
Philadelphia called, 26; mentioned,
292

Fortner, Capt. Nat., 186

Foster, , 466

Foumey, Cunigunda, 211

Fox, Charles, acts as second to Lord
Lauderdale, 170, 171, 461, 462

Frailey, John, 677

Frally, , 864

Fram/ingham, Maee,, 696

Franoe, unfriendly attitude of, to
America, 264, 266

Francis, , 84, 86

Frauds, Tench, 291; invited to first
meeting of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany, 446 ; political life of, 448

Franoonia, damage done by British in,
829

Franklin, Benjamin, 82, 169; mar-
ginal notes by, on Dean Tucker's
Pamphlet, 807, 808, 809, 811, 812,
818, 814, 816, 816, 817, 818, 819,
820, 821, 822, 616, 617 ; is diarged
with promoting passage of Stamp
Act, 807 ; gong belonging to. In use
by President Jefferson, 862; toast
In honor ot at first meeting of So-
ciety of Sons of St. Tammany, 448

Franklin, William, toast In honor of,
at first meeting of Society of Sons
of St. Tammany, 448, 446, 448 ; po-
liUcal life of, 448

Franks, MaJ., attached to military
family of Arnold, 146, 146; offers
alTront to Joshua Hett Smith, 147;
testifies concerning Arnold's treach-
ery, 160, 161; acquitted of com-
plicity, 162 ; speaks regarding health
of Mrs. Arnold, 178; testifies In
favor of Mrs. Arnold, 184, 186, 190,
295, 296

610

Index.

Franh9t<hon, 216

Fraier, Jobn, 578

Frasier, Capt. , 848, 499

FBBDD, 288

PrederieK Md,, 284, 856

Frederick, Pa., danutge done by Brit-
ish in, 829

Freehold, 108

Freeman, John, trades with Indians,
8, 9, 420

Freeman, William, trial of, 102

French, , aids Rawle family In

defending home, 28 ; letter to, 586

French, Incursions of, Into the Palat-
inate, Germany, 588

Friedeneiadi, converts removed to,
208, 211, 218

Friedmeihal MiU, 15

Fnllman, Thomas, 421

Fulton, Robert, 188, 596

Fnrr, Benjamin, 591

Gadsby, George, 598

Gainer, Peter, 598

Galloway and Dlcklnaon, antagonism
of, 418

Galloway, John, writes on destruc-
tion of brig "Peggy Stewart" at
Annapolis, 248; also on farm llf^
262

Galloway, Joseph, on marriage of
Benedict Arnold, 82 ; sells house to
Mr. Yeatee, 82; toast In honor of,
at first meeting of Society of Sons of
St. Tammany, 448; biographical
sketch of. 444, 445, 446, 448

Galloway, Samuel, 248

GANDY, 417

Gardner. Charles W.. 112

GARNBTT, 288

Garret, John, 577

Garrison, Isaac, 578

Gates, Gen., in command of army, 207,
500; promises to see justice done
to Capt. Lacey, 842; Lacey criti-
cises, 498; approres of sentence of
court-martial of Lt. Whitney, 508;
Issues orders, 505, 511, 512

Gay, Frederick Lewis, replies concern-
ing first namesake of Washington,
481

Geddls and GoYet, 157

Gele, William, 698

Genealogical Incident, 587

George, David. 577

George. John. 577

George, Mathew, 577

Georgia, Gen. Wayne In command of
army in, 424

Germain, Lord George, 42

German colonists. Alez. Hurray speaks
slightingly of, 542

German Jewish Congregation In
America, History of the Earliest,
noticed, 596

Qermantonon, mention of destruction
caused while British troops were
camped at, 114, 115; assessment
for same, 829; Col. Hartley's regi-
ment at, 808; "Settlement of'
mentioned, 386, 387; Lt. James
Glentworth wounded at battle of,
427

Glbbs, , escapes mob In Philadel-
phia, 28

GIBSON. 141

Gibson, Henry, 591

Gibeon, Mrs. James, 295

Gibson, John, 6, 7, 141

Gibson, Randall, 141

Gilcreest, John, 226

Giles, i 158

Gill, Capt , 424

GILLINGHAM, 482

Gilmore, George, 428

Gllmore, Robert, marriage of, 594

Girardin, L. H., letter of John Adams
to, 858, 859, 860

Glenn, Thomas Allen, literary work ot
144, 482

Glentworth, Lt. James, applies for pen-
sion, 427

Glentworth, Plunket F.. 427

Gloner, William, 577

Glouoeeier, Dean of, 807

Olouoeeter County, folio containing
deeds of, 184

Gnadenhuetten on LeMgh, mission at,
15

Goddard, , owner of the Penneyl-

vania Chronicle, 444

Godfrey. William, 226

Goldney, Thomas, 285

Gomm, Sir William, 575

Goodrich. , 455, 487

Goodwin, Dr. , 41, 100

€k>rdon, Peter, 598

Gore. Obadiah, 226

Goreman, Hugh, 428

GoehgoeMnh, 216

Gottrecht. Frledsam, 144

Gouldln, Jacob, 417

Govet. See Geddls

Gomel, George. 590

Gracely, John, 678, 592

Graham, Stephen, 581

Graeme Park, 419

Granger. Alex., 421

Grant, Rebecca, marriage of, 594

Granyllle, Barl, 15

Index.

611

Gravel, John, 577

Qnw, William M., 429

Gray, ^ 26

Gray, Lt. Samiid, 589

Gray, Tbomaa, 576

Qray*9 Ferry, 26

Great Jeland, 218

Chreai Bwamp, 208

Greaton, Gen., 511

Greble, Rachel, 480

Green, Bdward, 877

Green, James, 588

Green, Jonathan, 591

Green, Mosea, 588

Green, Samuel A., 148

Green, Thomas, 590

Greene, Gen. Nathanael, a suitor for
Peggy Shippen, 82; In command at
Long Island, 198 ; orders Wayne to
glye Lacey charge of his own com-
pany, 198, 196; smds Wayne to
Georgia, 424; approves of conduct
of American soldiers, 425

GRBBR, 288

GRBGG, 288

Gregg, Gen. D. HcM., 888

Grenewald, Nicholas, 578

Grey, MaJ.-Gen., 108

Griffin, WlllUm, 421

Grimes, John, 429

Grinfleld, Gen. and Mrs., 469

Gristock, William, 578

Grogan, Patrick, 590

Grubb, Curtis, 291

Grube, Rev. Bemhard Adam, Biograph-
ical Sketch of, 14-19 ; mentioned. 210

Gruber, Brerhard, List of the Poor
Assodators in Strausbury Township,
592

Grundy, , resigns as Attorney-
General of United States, 581

Guest, Albion, 588

ChtUfard Oourt-Hotue, 100

Guloh, Helchior, family of, 588

Gumey, Col. Francis, elected member
of the General Assembly of Penn-
sylyanla, 221, 226; mentioned, 869

GWIN, 417

Gwin, William M., endorses the ap-
pointment of John R. Meigs as
cadet, 77

Oicynedd, damage done by British in,
838

Haarlem River, 260
Hagan, Francis, 581
Hageraioton, 284
Hagerty, John, 592
Hague, Amos, 691
Haherty, John, 593

Haines, Blisabeth, marriage of, 694

Hale, Horatio, 487

HALL, 287

Hall,' Dr. Charles, 806

Hall, Dr. James, 806

Halleck, Gen. ^ 78

HALTER, 417

EEamblen, John M. A., 581

Hamblen, Mary, 581

Hambleton, John, 428

Hamilton, Col. Alexander, breakftett
with Mrs. Arnold, 148; describes
Mrs. Arnold, 148, 149, 186; men-
tion of duel between Aaron Burr
and, 179; and of hatred of Burr
to, 181, 189; believes in innoccnee
of Mrs. Arnold, 184, 186, 186; 292,
294, 296, 800 ; uses influence in be-
half of Indian converts, 18; m«ii-
tloned, 869

Hamilton, Andrew, marriage record of;
184; witnesses will of ThomBM
Brown, 185 ; Invited to attend first
meeting of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany, 446

Hamilton, Andrew, Jr., bequest to, 186,
186

Hamilton, Ann, 186

Hamilton, James, 185, 186 ; invited to
attend first meeting of Society of
Sons of St. Tammany, 446; politi-
cal life of, 448

Hamilton, Margaret, bequest to, 185,
186

HamUton. William, invited to attend
first meeting of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany, 446 ; poliUcal life of, 448

Hammand, T., speaks concerning tea
Imported in brig "Peggy Stewart,"
249

Hand, Gen., 804

Handle, Adam, 480

Handly, Nehemiah, 591

Hannah, David, 588

Hanover, Upper, damage done by Brit-
ish in, 558

Harcourt, Gen., 494

Harewood, 868

HARKINS. 417

HARLAN. 288

Harley, Robert, letter to, from Wil-
liam Penn, 282

Hamer, William, 592

Harper'e Ferry, 79

Harris, Capt. John, 689

Harriefmro, 284

Harrison, , 44

Harrison, Anna, 582

Harrison, Benjamin, 682

Harrison, Mintee, marriage of, 696

612

Index.

Harriaon, WlllUm Henry. lU, 112, 6S2

HorrUonhurg, John B. Heigt killed at,
78

Hartley, , booae ot In Phllad^-

phla, attacked by mob, 28

Hartley, Charlee William, 806

Hartley, Eleanor, 806

Hartley, Geoq^ 808

Hartley, Col. Thomas, Biographical
Sketch of, 808, 849

EUrrey, Dr. , 608

Hary, Hoarroye, 688

Hatfield, damage done by BrltUh In,
888

Hanaseffger, , 400

Hawke, Lord , acta as aecond to

Oen. Arnold In duel with Earl of
Lauderdale, 170, 461, 462

Hawkaworth, Richard, 286

Hayden, Rer. Horace B., 606

Hasard, Postmaater-Oeneral, 481

Basel, William, 681

Head, J., loaaea ot In Philadelphia,
29

Head*9 Creek, IS

Heard, , 144

Heath, , 262

Heckewelder, Rey. John, 218, 488, 486,
486

Hedeler, G., compiler of " List of Pri-
vate Libraries," 284, 286

Heller, Joseph, 677

Helm, George, 678, 602

Helmbold, George, 677

Hemp, Dean Tucker's grievance con-

. cernlng raising of, 621

Henderson, ^ 420

Hendry, Daniel, 681

Henry, John, 602

Henry, William, 682, 688, 606

HermitQOe, 680

Herring, Robert, 678

Hen, Henry, 100

Hesllt, James, 608

Hessians accused of plundering near
Philadelphia, 115, 116, 117 ; capture
ot at Trenton, 614

HBSTON, 1, 4

Heston, , 422

Heston, ZebuUn, pays visit to Dela-
ware Indians, 4, 6; arrives in
Philadelphia, 5; reaches Pittsburg,
6; received cordially at Newcomers
Town, 7

HiokenooHh, 286

Hioh atreei Ward, damage done by
British in, 826

Hlldeburn, Charles R., 84; con-
tributes account of sale of Ash-
burton Library, 188, 180

HILL, 287

Hill family. 111

HILLARY, 288

HiUeelr, Crllbut, witnesses deed of
land to William Penn, 484

Hillegas, » 481

HlUman, Hsnnsh, marriage ot 604

Hilton, Jonathan, 601

HUtsheimer, Jacob, 226, 446

HINBHAW, 288

Historical Letter, 77

Hite, , 864

Hlte, Mrs. F., 866

H0B80N, 288

Hockings, Siaj., 478

Hodges, of Philadelphia, 28

Hoge, Jonatlian, 226

Hogland, Capt., 160

HOLLINGSWORTH, 288

Holllns, Dr. , 106

HOLLINSHBAD, 417

Holmes, Dr. ^ 608

Holstein, Samuel, 677

Holtsinger, Bemhard, 806

Holtslnger, Catherine, 806

Hood, Zacharlah, Collector of Cus-
toms at Philadelpliia, 676

HOOPB, 288

Hope, N. J., Rev. B. A. Grube pastor
at, 10

Hopkins, G., 260

Hopkins, John, 226

Hopper, Amy, marriage ot 606

Homer, Mathew, 682

Horeham, damage done by British in,
888

Hospital Department of Continental
Army, Pay-Roll of 680

Hotter, Jacob, 602

Houseker, Maj., gives order for men
to be Quartered at Darby, U, 12;
mentioned, 102, 108, 841, 848,
618

Houeton TowneMp, 212

Hout, Peter, 428

Howard, , 864 '

Howard, Dr. » 261

Howard, Mrs. Charles, 428

Howard Townehip, 212

HOWB, 141

Howe, Gen. Sir William, orders cen-
sus taken of Philadelphia, 20;
causes destruction in Ills march to
Philadelphia, 114; army ot re-
pulsed by Gen. Wayne's brigade,
418; mentioned, 101, 261

HOWBLL, 287

Howell, Lt. Escklel, 680

Howell, John, 601

Howell, Joseph, Jr., 681

Index.

618

Howell, Readfng, 209

Hubbell, Capt. Lt. , 150

HnbertBon, Hubert, 588

Haberteon, Jacob, 688

Hubley, A., 420

Hoffnagle, Capt. Michael, 589

Hughes, , stamp distributor In

Pennsylvania, 489

Hughes, Aaron, marriage of, 694

Hughs, Lt. Peter, appointed aide-de-
camp to Gates, 505

Humpton, Richard, extracts from ac-
count of, 480

Hunt, Luke, 581

Hunter, Gen. , 79

Hunter, B. Bi. T., endorses the ap-
pointment of John R. Heigs as
cadet, 77

Huntington, Mrs. ^ 48

Hurley, Darld, marriage of, 594

Hurst, Sarah, marriage of, 594

Huse, John, 422

Hustls, Joseph, nuurriage of, 594

Hutchinson, Cornelius, 588

Hutchinson, John, 588

HUTTON, 288

Hyer, Sergeant John, 598

Ihrie, Conrad, 226

Index to American Portraits, 47, 228,
884

Indians, Heston's ylslt to Delaware
Nation of, 4, 5, 6, 7; money for
presents for, 6; customs of girls
of, 8, 9; Ber. B. A. Grube enters
mission senrlce of, 14, 16; Chris-
tian, settle at Bethlehem, 15; con-
tribution of, to bibliography, 15;
movements of converts among, 17,
18; practise tea-drinking, 189;
printing of Bibles for, 142; boun-
dary line of lands purchased from,
210; expedition against, 804;
Dean Tucker refers to war with,
809; deed of land granted by, to
William Penn, 488, 484, 485;
reverence name of Tamanend, 485,
486; Sir William Johnson en-
gaged In affairs ot 640

Indigo, grievance of Dean Tucker
concerning, 522

Ingersol, , 228

Innkeepers on Market Street, 480

IRELAND Family, Abstracts of Wills
of, 417, 418

Iroquois, 487

Irvine, Col. William, 201, 808, 502

Irving; Washington, 298

Itee, Joseph, 428

Ivens, Isaac, marriage of, 696

Iverson, Alfred, endorses the appoint-
ment of John R. Meigs as cadet,
78

Isard, , death of, 629

Isard, Mrs. , desires to visit Mt.

Vernon, 187

Jabes, Prior, 144

JACKSON, 288

Jackson, Andrew, writes to Mrs. Fogg
on death of wife, 580

Jackson, Capt. ^ asserts his In-
nocence of tea being on board brig,
248, 258

Jackson, Dr. , 508

Jackson, Gen. » 188

Jackson, MaJ. , 857

Jackson, Rachel, letter of, 680, 581

Jacques, » Indignation meeting

held In Annapolis at house of, 249

James, John, 594

Jameson, Lt. Col. 1 on capture of

Andr6, 148; blamed for allowing
Arnold to escape, 870

Jarvls, Caleb, 226

Jay, John, 296

Jefferies, Thomas, 591

Jefferson, Thomas, Inauguration of
President, 71; writes oonceming
gong belonging to Franklin, 862;
mentioned, 696

Jena, 14

Jennifer, Daniel, 580

JBNNINGS, 287

Jennings, Thomas, 579

Jersey, ^ 606

/er«ey Shore, 210

Jer%ey9, trials of prisoners for plun-
dering in, 102; army complimented
on march through, 108

Jewell, John, 591

Jewish Historical Society, Publications
of the American, 596

Joans, William, 420

Johannet, William, 681

John, William, 598

JOHNSON, 417

Johnson, » 686

Jolinson, Marmaduke, 142

Johnson, R. Winder, contributes rec-
ords concerning Andrew Hamilton,
184, 186, 186

Jolinson, Samuel, Thomas Hartley
reads law In office of, 808

Johnson, Sir William, to be given
charge of Indian converts at
Albany, 17; engaged In Indian
affairs, 540

John9<m HaU, mission at, 688, 689

Johnston, Dr. , 206, 844, 608

614

Index.

Johnston, Lt.-GoU , at Lonf

Island, 198, 194; gives Qen.
Greene's orders for reinstating
Lacey, 198, 194, 196; promises
to reinstate Lacey, 84U 842;
takes Declaration of Independence
to Canada, 846; refoses to help
Capt. Lacey, 848; mentioned^ 508

Johnston, Christopher, 421

Johnston, David, 591

Johnston, Francis, 588

Johnston, Henry, 591

Johnston, James, 226, 591

Johnston, Nancey, 420

Johnston, William, 578, 592

Jolly, Charles, 577

JONES, 287

Jones, , Dept. Commissioner, 424

Jones, , offers land near Reading

for church, 588

Jones, John, 590, 598

Jones, Joseph, 577

Jones, Robert, 428

Jones, William, opposes the calling of
a State Convention, 587; men-
tioned, 592

Jordan, John W., contrlbntlons of,
100, 208, 808

Jordan, William fl., presents to His-
torical Society portrait of Rev. B.
A. Grube, 19

Joseph, Antonio, 428

Juniata Biver, 212

Jurdon, Darld, 577

Justice, Laurence, 677

Ka9ka9kia, 217

Katkasky, 212

Kay, Rebecca, marriage of, 594

Keckler, Christopher, 588

Keel, Francis, 579

Keeth, Daniel, 591

Keith, Charles P., contributes data

of Penrose family, 285, 286
Kelker, Luther R., contributions of,

421, 586, 588
Keller, Adam, 577
Kelley, William, 420
Kelly, Bugene, Jr., 141
Kelly, Lot k Co., 248
Kelplus, journal of, mentioned, 886;

contributes to Hymn-Book of the

Hermits of WIssahickon, 888
KBNNBDT, 288

Kennedy, Dr. , 508

Kennedy, Michael, 592
Kennedy, Nancey» 420
Kenples, Samuel, 598
Kesler, Nicholas, 590
Key, Francis Scott, 427

Keyler, John, 590
Kiddle, George, 590

Klllbuck, Capt. , 8, 9, 10

Klllbum, Elijah, 591

Kimble, Sarah, marriage of, 594

King, Daniel, 422

King. William, 588

KiHif'g Bridge, 261

King999Hna, damage done by British

In, 888
KingMUm Beymour, 285, 286
Klnsey, , Chlef-Justlce of Penn*

sylranla, 448
Klpsharen family, 482
KIRK, 288

Klrkopp, Christian, 581
Klster, Henry, 590
Kite, Jonathan, 577
KittaiH^ing, 215, 217
Klttera, Ann Hoore, and John Wilkes,

miniatures of, 188
Kltts, George, 480
Kltts, Hlchael, 480
Knight, Robert, contract betireen, and

Thomas Penrose, 286
Knoz, Gen. Henry, 148, 428, 592, 598
Knyphausen, Lt.-Gen., 108
Kocherthal. Bev. Joshua, extract from

naturalisation paper of, 588
KOLLOCK, 482
Koster, Henry Bemhard, 888

Kriebel, , 887

Kuhn, Dr. Adam, Inrlted to first

meeting of Society of Sons of St.

Tammany, 446; political life of, 448
Kusster, George, 429

Laboume, Col. , owner of cup

which belonged to Mr. Shippen,
M.P., 172, 468

Lacefleld, Ellas, 591

LACEY, 1, 4

Lacey, John, Brlg.-Cton., memoirs of,
1, 191, 841, 498 ; mentioned, 502

Lacoe, Ralph Dupuy, 596

Lafayette, Marquis de, at West Point,
148; on treadiery of Arnold, 149,
150, 156 ; confidence of, in Birs. Ar-
nold, 184, 185, 294, 295; Inrited
to Tlslt America, 627; correspond-
ence of, with President Monroe,
527, 528; family of, 528; men-
tioned, 869

Lafayette, Mrs., mentioned as being
In prison, 528

Lake, Gen., 167, 492, 494

Lake OhafnpUiin, 194, 844, 346

Lake George, 841, 845, 846, 512

Lake 8i. Peter; 200, 201

Lamar, Mary, 111

Index.

615

Lamb, Col. , glyes account of

affront offered Joehna Hett Smith,
147; recelTea newa of treachery of
Arnold, 160, 151

Lamb, James, 681

LoiMMter, Pa., trade of, 6; Chief-
Justice Shippen contemplates moy-
ing to, 82, 88; mission worlc at,
881; early Jewish settlement at,
690; mentioned, 228

LoMOBter Oountif, List of Poor Asso-
dators In, 691

Land Tax Acts in PenbsylTania, 80,
82, 88, 86, 88, 97

Lane, John, 677

LangufkUmienink, 210

Lapraree, 197, 198, 199

Larry'9 Creek, 210

Lascnm, Peter, 677

Lasenr, Benjamin, 677

Latch, Jacob, 677

Latch, John, 677

Lattimer, Henry, 680

Lauderdale, Barl of, reflections on
cliaracter of Arnold, 109, 170, 171,
801, 400, 401 ; apologises, 298, 402

Laurence, Thomas, present during
attadE on James Wilson's house,
26

Laurens, Henry, written to on
treachery of Arnold, 148

Laurens, Lt.-Col. Jolin, letter to, from
Gen. Washington, 870

Lawrence, Henry, 422

Lawrence, John, inyited to flrst meet-
ing of Society of Sons of St. Tam-
many, 440; political life of, 448

Lawrence, Thomas, inyited to first
meeting of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany, 440; death of, 449

IkMorenoe Ofmmiy, 211

LQ9Qreiio at PMMMplUa, 800

Lea, , 469, 400, 408, 400, 486

Leach, George, 423

Leach, Joslah Granyille, 696

Lear, Tobias, 867

Learon, Robert, 698

Ledyard, Isaac, 681

Lee, , 102, 600

Lee, Andrew, marriage ot 694

Lee, Charles, 201

Lee, Francis B., 184, 280

Lee, Henry, 144, 290

Lee, James, return of company of ar-
tillery of. 692, 698

Lees, Samuel, 677

Lefew, Andrew, 428

Legard, Laurence, 690

LtMgh County, 19

Lehigh River, 618

Leiper, Thomas, to the aid of James
Wilson, 20

Lennox, Maj., to the aid of James
Wilson, 20; displeasure of mob at,
20

LBNOX, 141

Lerch, Anthony, Jr., 220

Lesure, Peter, 428

Letters of Presidents of the United
States and "Ladies of the White
House," 866, 627

Leyy, Hetty, marriage of, 41

Lewis, » 867

Lewis, William, letter from William
Bawle to, 222, 228; refuses assist-
ance to Bawle, 224

Liberty . Club, lir. Ray recommends
formation of, 440

Liboschain, Mary Joanna, 688

Liboschain, Susanna, 688

Libraries, list of principal, in Phila-
delphia, 47; lir. Hedeler compiles
list of, 284, 286

LIGHTFOOT, 288

Ligonier, 217

Lilly, Thomas, 220

Limerick, damage done by British in,
646

Lincoln, Gen. » Washington pre-
sents epaulettes to, 81

Lincoln, Abraham, attends funeral of
Meigs, 78; mentioned, 677

Linden, 210

Lindheim, Rey. B. A. Grube professor
at, 14

Linebach, Daniel, 220

LIPPINCOTT, 686

Liquors, taxes on, in Pennsylyania
considered, 88, 97

Lisle, Brig.-Gen., 108

Lithographic Portraits of Albert
Newsam, 109

LiUtg, Lanoaeter County, Rey. B. A.
Grube pastor at, 19

Little, James, 698

Liylngston, , calls on Mrs. A?- '

nold, 490

Llewylln, John, 691

LLOYD, 182, 888

Lloyd, , 102

Lloyd, Annabella Williams, 182

Lloyd, Henry Paschall, 182

Lloyd, Howard Williams, query of,
287 ; obituary notice of, 182

Lloyd, Hugh, 220

Lloyd, James, marriage of, 40; men-
tioned, 689

Lloyd, Rebecca, 78

Lloyd, Thomas, 888

Loclchart, Frederidc, 698

616

Index.

Lock Haven, 212

LOOAN, 288

Logan, Qeorge, oppoeet calling of a
State Conyentlon, 087

Logan, James, Inylted to first meeting
of Socletj of Sons of St. Tammanj,
446; death of, 449

Logan, William. See James

London, Stephen, 592

Long, John, 577

Long, Zachariah, 577

Longcope, Thomas M., Jr., 148

Lono leland, Capt. Lacej encamped
at, 191; Gen. Greene In command
at, 198; rattlesnakes plenty in,
210

Lottery, church at Beading to be
bnilt from proceeds of, 541

Low and Cashing, 418

LOWDBN, 288

Lowe, Bdward, 285

Lowe, BlUabeth, 286

Lower DuhUn, damage done by Brit-
ish in, 884

Lower MerUm. See Merlon

Lower Salford, See Salford

Loyoleoelb OreeK 208, 209, 210

Ludlow, Lt-Col. , 102

Lndwlg, John, 220

Lutheran Church near Reading, 881,
542

Lutherans, German, said to be re-
duced to poyerty by raids of the
French, 588

Luts, Nicholas, 226

Luxeme, Chevalier, 294

Lueeme County, centennial of, 596

Ltfooming County, 208

Lyoomino Creek, 210

LYKINS, 142

Lynch, ^ 500

IfcAYoy, Capt. Martin, dismissed

from service, 102
McBrlde, John, 577
McCaffrey, Patrick, 598
McCall, Archd., 489
McCall, Nellie, 44
McCarthy, Owen, 598
McCartney, Andrew, 588
McClean, John, 698
McClellan, Joseph, return of troops

enlisted by, 421
McCllntle, Lt, 198
McClure, Capt James, 589
McConnell, Capt. Robert, 589
McCowan, John, 692

McCoy, Lt.-CoI. , 425

McCoy, James, 579
McCoy, Samuel, 577

McCoy, Thomas, 589

McCrelght, James, 226

McCulloch, James, 480, 588, 689, 698,
594

McCune, William, 428

McDonald, James, 480

McDonald, John, 598

McDonald, Robert, 598

McDowell, John, 226

McBntlre, Daniel, 692

McFee, David, 581

McGachen, Capt., 260

McGulre, Capt. Mathew, 689

McHenry, MaJ. James, breakftots
with Mrs. Arnold, 148

Mcllvaln, William, bequest of, 420

Mack (J. Martin), 210

Mackay, Dr. , 864

McKean, Judge, recommends a re-
prieve for John Roberts, 28 ; prose-
cutes Gen. Thompson f6r libel,
86

McKean, Hon. Thomas, 167, 228, 805

McKendrlck, Archibald, 422

McKenney, Thomas L., Ill

McKennon, Capt. John, tried, 101*
102

McKlllIp, Robert, 678

McKINLBY, genealogical query, 141

McKnlght, Charles, 680

Macky, David, 677

McLamare, Mrs. , 680

McLane, Allen, present at attack on
James Wilson's house, 26

McLaughlin, Robert, 578

Maclean, ^ 224

Maclean, Lachlane, Collector of Cus-
toms at Philadelphia, 676

McLean, John, 692

McLean, William, Jr., oontributea
sketch of Dr. Wynne, 104

McLean flag mentioned as being
hoisted In Cincinnati, 582

McLure, John, 261

McLure, William, 118

McMathews, William, 698

MCMILLAN, 288

McMullen, William, 421

Mclieal, Daniel, 692

McNuth, Patrick, 598

McPharron, Samuel, 591

McPherson, ^ 874

McPherson, John, 429

McQuade, John, 692

McQulre, Patrick, 426

McSay, Patrick, 679

McWllllams, Alexander, 421

Biadan k Bloren, 142

Biadelra, Rachel, marriage of, 694

Madison, James, 144

Index.

617

Madison, James, Jr., 863, 864, 865

Madison, Mrs. James, on death of her
mother, 866; receiyes letter from
Mrs. Tyler. 588

Magaw, Col., 259, 261

MahoMng, 215, 216

MahofiM^O Creek, mission house on,
burned, 15

Mairiner, William, 45

Maloney, John, 500

Malser, Thomas, 579

Manhattan Bank, Burr obtains char-
ter for, 179

Mansfield, Betsy, letter to, 145

Mantua, We$t PhUadelplUa, com-
menced, 868

Marchant, Peter, 421

Market Street Innkeepers, 480

Markley, Benjamin, 226

Marlborough, damage done by British
in, 545

Marriage licenses. Bey. Alexander
Murray desires change in, 879

Marriages performed by John Clem-
ent, J. P., 594

Marrs, John, 588

Marsden, , 457

MARSH, 288

Marshall, » 44

Marshall, James, 226

Marshall, Chief-Justice John, 268

Marshall, Thomas, 425

Martin, James, 579

Martin, John, 588

Martin, Thomas, 577

Martin, William, 589

JforykMul militia officers, 588

Mason, J. M^ endorses the appoint-
ment of John R. Meigs as cadet,
78

Mather, Joseph, desired by mission at
Reading, 878

Matiack, Joslah, marriage of, 595

Matlack, Rachel, marriage of, 594

Matiack, Rebecca, marriage of, 594

Mattenly, Joseph, 591

MATTHEWS, 288

Matthews, Brig.-Qen., 108

Maxwell, Col. , 507, 508

May, , 576

Mayo, Mrs., 868

Mase, Balser, 579

Mead, , 44

Meas ft Caldwell, store of, 420

Meigs, John R., recommended for
cadet, 77

Meigs, Capt. Montgomery C^ 77, 78

Mercer's Company of London, 184

Meridian HiU, WoMMngUm, 528

Meridith, Bwing and Johnson, 585

Merion, Lower, damage done by Brit-
ish In, 544, 557

Merry man, William, 591

Mesamequan witnesses deed of land
to William Penn, 484

Messersmith, Peter, 579

Miamee River, 6

Michael, Ann, 185

Michael, Gratiana, 185

Michael, John, 185

Middle Ward, damage done by British
in, 824

Mifflin, John T., present at attack on
James Wilson*s house, 25

Mifflin, Samuel, Inylted to first meet-
ing of Society of Sons of St. Tam-
many, 446 ; loyalty ot 449

Mifflin, Thomas, present at attadc on
James Wilson's house, 25; Inyited
to first meeting of Society of Sons
of St Tammany, 446; political life
ot 449

Miles, Samuel, opposes the calling of
a State Conyentlon, 587

MILHOUSB, 288

MlllUa, pay-roU of Third BattaUon,
Philadelphia County, 577; oflteers
of Maryland, 588

MILLBR, 288, 417

Miller, Henry, 582

Miller, John, 226

Miller, Peter, 582

Miller, Sarah, marriage of, 594

MilUgan, k 481

Minnesota, appointment of goyemor
for, 685

Minxes, Frances, 598

Missions at Reading and Morlattan,
Berks County, Pa., papers relating
to. 872, 587

MITCHBLL, 287

Mitchell. Dayld, 226

Mitchell, James, 421

Mitchell, John, 877

Moams, William, 592

Moncrleffe, MaJ., 154

Moncrleffe, Margaret, seduced by
Aaron Burr, 154, 155

Monroe, James, 109, 527, 528

Montgomery, Col. , 420, 481, 506

Montgomery, Rey. Joseph, baptises the
first namesake of Washington, 287;
mentioned, 868

Montgomery, damage done by British
In, 645

UontioeUo, 862, 868

Montreal, 197, 199, 201

Monteerrat, act concerning Papists In,
98, 99

Moor, Samuel, 7

618

IndeXn

MOORS, 288

Moore. Capt. , 192, 195, 196,

201, 841, 848, 848, 851, 868

Moore, MaJ. » 426

Moore, Clarence B., presents works

of De Bry to Historical Society, 188
Moore, Henry, 680
Moore, James, 692
Moore, John, Collector of Costoms at

Philadelphia, 576; mentioned, 226
Moore, Biary, marriage of, 694
Moore, Blchard, friend of Thomas

Wynne, 106
Moore, William, 692
Moore HaU, 424
Moraylan Archlyes at Bethlehem, 16,

208
Moraylan Chorch, first baptism In, 14 ;

archlyes of, 16, 208
Morekmd, damage done by British In,

546
MoreUm bequeathed to Blls. Penrose,

286,286
Morlatiam, papers relating to missions

at, and Beading, 872, 687, 641

Morley, , 486

MORBB88, 417

Morris, Ooyemor, 71

Morris, Maj., present at court-martial

of Lt Whitney, 608
Morris, Mrs. Ann Willing, on court-
ship and marriage of Arnold, 82,

40, 44
Morris, Lewis, petitions for reprleye

of Roberts and Carlisle, 24
Morris, Robert, displeasure of mob In

Philadelphia at, 25; Mrs. Arnold

dines at house of, 188; mentioned,

296, 489
Morris, Roger, 260
Morris, Sally, 44

Morris, Samuel, and Samuel C, pres-
ent at attack on James Wilson's

house, 26; wounded, 26
MORRISON, 696
Morrison, John, 422
Morse, Gen., 494
Morton, Qeorge, 577
Mott, Col., 609
Mott, l9le of, 206, 604
Mount Independenoe, 844, 847, 602,

607, 608
Mount Pleoiont, Arnold purchases,

89, 41; selling of, considered, 462,

486
Mount Royal Forgo, John McKlnley

settles at, 141
Mount Vernon, 187, 866
Mount Waehkigton, 260, 261
Mour, George, 420

Mouse, Dr. , 198, 202

MoyomeneinQ, damage done by Brlt-
Uh In, 646

Muhlenberg, Peter, 682; opposes call-
ing a State Conyentlon, 687

Mulberry Ward, damage done by
British In, 826, 827

Mullen, Edward. 690

Muney Creek, 208, 209

Murphy, Archibald, 690

Murphy, John, 691

Murray, Alexander, recommended as
missionary for Reading; 874;
writes on hardships, 874; also
his losses, 876. 876, 877; con-
dition of congregation. 878, 879,
880, 881, 882, 687, 688. 689, 640,
641, 642, 648; Improyements
around Reading, 687, 688, 648;
recommended to mission at John-
son Hall, 688, 689 ; salary ot 689,
641

Murray, Rey. Simon, 111

MueMugum River, 6, 7

Muser, Nicholas, 426

MUSGRAVB, 288

Muskeborough, Henry, 679

Musketness, Adam, 679

Muster-rolls, 421, 426, 690

Naygley, Jacob, 677

Na&areth, Indian mission to, 17; Rer.
B. A. Grube pastor at, 19; meo-
Uoned, 618

Needham, ^ 106

Neglton, Robert, 692

Nesbitt, Alexander, aids James Wil-
son, 26

Neehaminy, mention of deed of land
lying on, 488, 484 ; banks of. men-
tioned as burial-place of Tamanend,
487

Netowhelemon, 6, 7

Neyllle, John, 226, 698

New Britain Townehip, burial-place
of Tamanend, 487

Newoomere Town, meetings for In-
dians at, 6, 7, 8; custom of Indian
girls at, 8, 9

New Bngland Company, 142, 286

New Garden Townehip, 288

New Hanover, damage done by Brit-
ish In, 660

New Jereey, marriages In, 694

New Kent County, 688

Newland, Capt., 607

NEWMAN, 141

NewoUke, 210

Newsam, Albert, Lithographic Por-
traits of, 109

Index,

619

Newton, TbomM, letter from J. Q.
Adams to, 528, 629

Vew York, attack on, expected, 11,
12; Indian conrerta to be taken
to, 17, 18; Heaalana in poaaeaaion
of, 116; library of College ot
plundered, 116; Oen. Arnold Joina
enemy at, 167; lira. Arnold com-
pelled to go to, 160, 161, 162;
Capt. Lacey In, 191; mention of
antagonlam existing between dele-
gatea from, and Boston, 418; head-
quartera for aaaociation of Bona of
Liberty, 488; yellow feyer In, 490;
Jamea Monroe ylslts, 627; German
Lntberana deaire to inhabit, 688

Nichola, Col. , 421. 422, 428

NIcholaa, Mary, 480

Nichols, Oen., present at attack on
Jamea Wilaon*a house, 26, 26

NICHOLSON. 417

Nicholson, Hon. Joseph Hopper, 78,
427, 428

Nicola, L., 688

NIcolson, Ooy., 282

Niel. Charlee, 428

Noble, Thomaa, 14

Vorrifioton, damage done by Brltiah
in, 660

North, Capt , 348, 422

Vorthampton County, Fa., 184, 186

North Bend, O., 682

North River, 260, 261. 612

Northern Lihertiee, damage done by
British in, 647, 648, 649

Northumberland, 284

North Ward, damage done by British
in, 826

Notestein, John, 679

Oah HiU, 627

Oal; HiU Cemetery, Waahington, D. C,
78

0*Farrei, Garret, 690

Ogden, , member of Aaaembly of

Pennaylyania. 228

Oglebee, Jamea, 688

0*Hara, Gen. , 469

Ohio River, origin of, 216, 216; nar-
rowness of, 218

Ole Bull, 112

OUyer. Daniel, 691

Ollyer, Joaeph, 698

Ollyerian Independenta object to mia-
aion at Reading, 641

OUmutg, Lafayette at, 628

O'Neal, Chriatopher, 690

Orange Rangers. 101

Ord, George, 686

Ord, John, 421. 428

Ormieton Olen, 89

Otney, John. 682

Otto, Bodo, 680

Otto, Frederick. 680

Orers, Martin, marriage of, 694

Orerton, Judge, 680

OWBN, 287

Owen, B. F., contributea papers re-
lating to mlaaiona at Reading, 872,
687

Owmer, Chriatopher, 677

Omford, damage done by Britlah In,
661

Owford Townehip, 211

Paca, , 169

Paohoatgo€ih, mlasion at. 16

Page. , 285

Page, Godfrey, marriage of, 595

Pain, Maj., 607

Palatine aasociates of Rer. Joshua
Kocherthal. 688

Palemar. Thomaa. 480

Palliaier, Lt-Col. , 607

Palmer, B. Frank. 109

Pancake. George. 480

Pannebecker. Hendrick, 886

PooU, 804

Paper currency, trouble in Plilladel-
phla oyer depreciation in, 21

Paplata, number of, in Berka County,
880

Paramo, 46, 162, 182. 184, 186

Pariah, Parson Paul, 141

PARKB, 288

Parker. , 464

Parker, Robert, 689

Parr, William, toast in honor of. at
first meeting of Society of Bona of
St. Tammany, 448

Parriah, John, ylalta Delaware In-
diana, 6, 9

Parrit, Bnaign, 607

Paacall, Thomaa, Jr., 425

Paachail, Benjamin, 421, 422, 428

Paacliall, Thomaa. 426

Paeeaie FaUe, 870

Paeayunk, damage done by Britlah In.
568

Paaaenger-llat of the Ship "Blisa-
beth," 266

Paatoriua, , 886

Patch, John, 691

Patterson, ^ 424, 609

Patteraon. Bsra, 689

Patterson, John, Collector of Cus-
toms at Philadelphia, 676

PatUson, Goy. Robert B., 188

Paul, Thomaa. 226

PAULIN. 417

620

Jnder.

Pauling. Jotiah, 577

Ponlifi't Km, 19

Paxinofla, Chiet 14

*' Pazton Bojs'* dMign attack on In-
dian conyerts, 18

Pajne, A., 864

Paj-Boll, Third Battalion PhlladelphU
County Mllltla, 577

Pay-Boll, Hospital Department, 580

Pearce, ^ 856

Pearce, John, marriage of, 594

Pearce, Mary, marriage of, 594

Pearson, , 876

Peason, Capt. John, return of re-
cruits enlisted by, 422

Peck, George, 426

Peelan, Bobert, 592

Pelser, Anthony, 592

Penn family, taxation of estates of,
80; memorial tablet to, 575, 576

Penn, John, 88

Penn-Laurens duel mentioned, 20, 87

Penn, Blchard, estimates strength of
the Pennsylvania Assoclators, 187;
written to concerning Stamp Act,
489; at first meeting of Society of
Sons of St. Tammany, 446 ; political
life of, 449

Penn, Thomas, toasted at first meet-
ing of Society of Sons of St. Tam-
many, 448

Penn, William, 1, 2, 879; writes to
Bobert Harley, 282; mention of
story told by Kelplus concerning,
886; mention of deed of land to,
488, 484 ; opinion of, concerning
Tamanend, 485; list of articles
glTen by, for land granted by
Tamanend, 485; letter from Oot.
Thomas Dongan to, 577

Pennington, , losses of. In Phila-
delphia, 29

Pennington, Bbeneser or Bleaser, 480

Pennington, Nancy, Illness of, 29

PBNNOCK, 288

Penntylvania, Committee of Safety
orders troops to protect New York,
11. 12; Indian missions In, 14, 15,
16; power granted by charter of,
considered, 80-98; controTersIes be-
tween Arnold and, 156; circular
addressed to citlsens ot 224; Im-
migration of the Irish Quakers
Into, noticed, 288; Col. Hartley
elected member of Committee of
Safety of, 808, and member of
Assembly of, 804; mention of
Conyentlon In, to ratify the Fed-
eral Constitution, 804; Snpreme
Executive Council of, passes yote

of thanks to Col. Hartley, 804;
honors memory of St. Tammany, 442

Pennsylyanla Assoclators, 1775, Bidi-
ard Penn*s estimate of strength ot
187

Pennsylyanla Constitution, last of the
General Assembly under the, 220

Pennsylvania Berolutlonary soldiers,
return of recruits of, 420, 421«
429, 578, 582, 588, 588, 589, 590, 592,
598

Pennypaok Oreeh, mention of deed of
land on, 488, 484

Pennypacker, Hon. Samuel W^ con-
tributes sketch, 886

PBNBOSB, genealogical daU ot 285,
286

Pennnd, William, 422

Perrtt, Peles, 422

Perry, Joseph, 594

Perry, William, 690

Peters, , 424

Peters, Hon. Blchard, 228, 224, 226,
427; puns and witticisms ot 866

Peters, Blchard, Jr., Inylted to first
meeting of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany, 446 ; political life ot 449

Petersen, Dr. Johann W., 886

Petit, John, 421

Peyton, , 868

Peyton, Col. Bernard, 868

Pfelffer, Dr. Francis Joseph. 482

PhUadelpMa, mention of Meeting of
Sufferance of Friends In, 4, 5, 6,
7; Indian conyerts brought to, 17;
bad feeling In, towards Indians, 17.
18; Bey. B. A. Gmbe pastor
of Moraylan congregation In, 19;
animosities In, during the Beyo-
lutlon, 20-29; census ot 20; de-
preciation of paper money In, 21;
Boberts and Carlisle tried and oon-
ylcted In. 21, 22, 28, 187, 290, 292;
mob attacks house of James Wilson
In, 25, 26, 27; losses In, by mob,
27, 28, 29; proyes no longer an
asylum for Quakers, 29; Margaret
Shippen mentioned as "Belle** ot
29 ; British army departs from, 29 ;
Gen. Arnold in command at 80;
residence of Arnold In, 41, 42 ; Mrs.
Arnold Is glad to leaye, 46; list of
principal libraries In, 47; Mrs.
Arnold returns to, 152, 158, 166^
204, 295; Arnold accused of mis-
conduct while at 156; unpopu-
larity of Arnold In, 157; Mrs.
Arnold ordered to leaye, 160, but
reylslts, 168; deyastatlon caused
by British troops whUe at 114.

Index.

621

115 ; regimentals furnished bj. 192 ;
approTal for soldiers marching from,
108; conyentton at, 220; early
settlers in, 288; Ship Registers for
Port of, 118, 266, 400, 560;
Provincial Conference held at, 808;
Col. Hartley's regiment defends,
803; Washington at, 855; weekly
conveyance between, and Rich-
mond, 862; James Madison, Jr.,
expects to visit, 864; abstract
from Deed Poll in, 425; sketch
of Society of Sons of St. Tam-
many of, 438; meeting of Conn-
cil at, 484; value of real estate
near, 485; adopts Tammany
as Saint, 446; Chief-Justice Chew
takes no part in political af-
fairs of, 447; interest for money
in, 458, 450, 468; yellow fever in,
474 ; Col. Bull at, compelled to re-
sign, 490; Council of Safety at,
515; Assessment of Damages done
by the British during the Occupa-
tion of, 823, 544; Collectors of
Customs at, 576; petition against
forestalling in, 586; remonstrates
against a State Convention, 587;
return of Capt. Lee's Company of
Artillery enlisted in, 692; also
5th Pennsylvania Regiment, 508

PhUadtlphia County, pay-roll of Third
BatUilon MliiUa of, 577

Phillips. , 457

Phipps, Col. Pownall, marries Sophia
Arnold, 165, 176

Picker, Dr., 508

Pickering, Timothy, Cadwalader
writes to, on capture of Fort
Washington, 259

Pierce, , 48

Piercey, Lt. Henry, 589; return of
men enlisted by, 426, 590

PIM, 288

Piatt, William, 577

Pletel, John Jacob, family of, 588

Plundering by the British army dur-
ing the American Revolution, 114

PlyvMutK damage done by British in,
652

Poinsett, J. R., receives letter of
Introduction for Lt. Buchanan,
529

Polk, James K., letter of, 584

Polk, Mrs. James K., letter ot 585

Polk Town9h*p, 15

Pomfret, Thomas, Earl of, 575

Poor, Col. , 509, 511

Porter, Capt Andrew, 589

Porter, John, 577

Portraits, American, Index to, 47,
228, 884; Lithographic, of Albert
Newsam, 109

Post, ChrisUan F., 214

Potter, James, 690

Potts, Dr. , 508

Potts, John, present at attack on
James Wilson's house, 25

Power, Capt. Lt., 589, 592, 598

PRACHB, 695

Preeson, Ann, marriage record of, 184,
186

Preeson, Joseph, 185

Preeson, Thomas, 186

Preeson, Zerobabel, 186

Prescott, Joseph, 681

Presidents of the United States,
Letters of, 856, 527

PRBSTON, 888

PRICB, 417

Price, , 868

Price, Chandler, opposes calling of a
State Convention, 587

Price, Joseph, 577

Price, William, 592

Prlchard, James, 428

Prinoet<m Universitif, student life at,
144

Procter, Capt. Francis, Jr., 589

Proctor, Col. Thomas, 589

Proprietary government, opinion of
William Penn on, 282, 288

Proud, Charles, 598

Providenee, damage done by British
in, 554

Providenoe Forge, 588

Provincial Assembly, taxation of the
Penns and their estates by, 80

Provost, Mrs. , to receive Mrs.

Arnold at Paramus, 45; Mrs. Ar-
nold arrives at home of, 152, 158,
155, 182, 299; selected by Burr to
ruin reputation of Mrs. Arnold,
180, 182, 188, 184, 186, 188; mar-
riage ot 182, 188

Pruden, Thomas, 681

Putnam, Gen., 154

Pyle, , 252

Quakers, Society ot Lacey family
members of, 2; mentioned as neg-
lecting education for their children,
8; Capt Lacey subject to rules of,
11, 191; proceedings of monthly
meetings ot 191; Philadelphia no
longer asylum for, 29; libel
against 104, 106; letter to, from
Thomas Wynne, 108

Quinoy, burial-ground of Adams at,
859; mentioned, 858, 860

622

Index^

Ralston, Andrew, 578

Rambo, Gunner, 677

Rambo, Jeese, 677

Rambo, Samnel, 677

Ramsey, Thomas, 690

Randall, Bd., 282

Randall, Qeorge, deed of lot in Phila-
delphia to. 426

Randall, Nicholas, 426

Randolph, M., writes to Col. Peyton,
868

Raritan, 88

Battle Snake HiU, 844

Rawle, Anna, extracts from diary of,
27; writes concerning Mrs. Arnold,
161, 162, 168

Rawle, William (the elder), extracts
from Common-Place Book of, 114,
and from Diary of, 220

Rawle, William Brooke, contribntes
sketches, 114, 220, 676, 676

Rawlln, Col. , 260

Ray, Nicholas, member of Society of
Sons of Liberty, 480, 440

Rea, John, 226

Read, Lt , 201, 206, 847

Read, Joseph, 226

Reading, papers relatinir to missions
at, 872, 687; mention of improye-
ments aronnd, 688; nnmber of
parishioners in church at, 878, 648

Rean, Barney, 422

Recruits for Pennsylyania regiments,
421, 429, 682, 688, 688, 600, 692,
698

Redman, Joseph, testifies against Lt.
Glentworth, 427

Redman, Michael, 679

Reed, , 84, 89, 168, 611

Reed, Joseph, desires reprleye for
John Roberts, 28; mentioned as
Arnold's enemy, 296; inyited to
first meeting of Society of Sons of
St. Tammany, 450; political life
of, 460; mentioned, 688

Reed, W. B., 296

Reese, GHfllth, 677

Beinhart, Luke P., 886

Remley, Joseph, 688

Bench, , 874

Rennan, Heinrich, 588

Rice, Daniel, 577

Richards, William, 489

Richardson, W. H., 148

Richie, Mrs. , 868

Richmond, Duke of, 141, 169, 170,
461

Richmond, weekly conveyance be-
tween, and Philadelphia. 862

Riddle, Gerard, 679

Ridgely, Charles, ringleader in tbe
destruction of brig " Peggy Stew-
art," 261

Riley, Patrick, 698 .

Riley, Richard, 226

Ringgold, Thomas, writes on destmc-
tion of brig *' Peggy Stewart," 248,
264

Rippey, Capt. , 419

Rittenhouse, Dayid, inyited to llrvt
meeting of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany, 446, 460

Riyington's Army List, 188

Roberts, Charles, 118

Roberts, George, 678

Roberts, In., 677

Roberts, John, conylcted of treason,
21, 22, 28, 24, 187, 290. 292

Roberts, .Jonathan, 226

Roberts, Joseph, 690

Roberts, Biary, marriage ot 695

Roberts, Titus, 677

Robinson, , 17

Robinson, Capt. , 191, 198, 848,

848, 861, 858

Robinson, Andrew, present at attack
on James Wilson's house, 26

Robinson, Batson, 422

Robinson, George Washington, first
namesake of Washington, 481

Robinson, James, 698

Robinson, Jerusha, 481

Robinson, Lemuel, 481

Robinson. William, 698

*' Robinson House," Mrs. Arnold at,
46. 145; Washington at, 148

ROBSON. 288

Rodger, Thomas, marriage of. 694

Rogers, i 77

Rogers, James, marriage of, 694

Rogers, William, death ot 841

Roll of Recruits In Capt. Mathew
Scott's Company, 682

ROOKB, 288

Root, Josiah, 681

Rose, Isaac Turk Petro, 688

Rose, Joanna, 588

Rosewell. Gustayus, 688

Rosewell. Jacob, 698

Ross. John. Inyited to first meeting
of Society of Sons of St Tam-
many, 446; political feeling of,
449. 460; mentioned, 696

Roth. , 211, 212, 218, 215, 217,

218

Rowan County, N. O., colony at, 16

ROWBLL, 148

Rowhorough, damage done by British
in, 555

Rudgenm, 285

Index,

628

Rush, Benjamin, petitions for re-
prieTe of Roberts and Carlisle,
24; inyited to first meetlnir of
Society of Sons of St. Tammany*
446 ; political life of, 460

Rossell, Gen. , 188

Rust, Peter, 590

RUTH, 141

Rntham, John, 422

Ryan, , 848, 848, 849, 502

Ryan, Iflchael, 579

Ryerson, Thomas, 226

Sachse, Julins P., 144. 886

St. Andrew's Society, 441, 448

St. Clair, Col. , 199, 841, 844,

847, 849, 498. 499, 501, 508, 509

St. David's Society, 441, 448

St. Gabrlers Church reoelyes money
from lottery, 541

St. George's Society, 441, 448, 451

at, cme; chnrch at, 576

8i, John%, 194. 202, 208, 512

8i, KitU, 464

St. Patrick's Society, 441, 448

St. Tammany, Sons of. Society of the,
of Philadelphia, 488 ; motto of, 486 ;
causes that called Into existence,
438, 489. 441; first meeting ot
442; toasts drunk at first meeting
of, 448; names of persons attend-
ing first meeting of, 446; benero-
lence of, 451

Balford, Lower and Uf^jyer, damage
done by British in, 545, 557

Salvador, Francis, 596

Samuel Bunford contributes Index
to American Portraits, 47, 228, 884

Sanders Wills, Abstracts of, 585

BandfUky, 141

Saur, Christopher, 144

Sayage, George, 577

Savannah, 424, 425

Saw MUU, 846

Schlosser, Capt. ^ 18

BohneihlVB Hotel, Hagerstown, 284

Schuneman, Helmann, 588

Schuyler, Gen., 206, 207

Schuyler, Miss, Hamilton writes to, on
treachery of Arnold, 148

Schuylkill, Colony on, mention of
treaty made between Tamanend
and, 486, 488; date of organiza-
tion of, 488; rereres name of
Tamanend, 488

BohufflMll River, mention of the
granting priyllege to fish in, 486

Schwaeger, John Conrad, 886

Schwisser, Lorents, 588

Scoonhoven'e Plantation, 209

Scott, Daniel, 112

Scott, Harriet, 111

Scott, John, 581

Scott, Mathew, 582, 588

Scourse, John, 598

Scull, Gideon, 418

Scull, Nicholas, 487

Seckel, Laurence, 226

Seellg, Johann Gottfried, 886

Seidelmeyer, George, 426

Seidensticker, , 886

8eider*9 Hotel, Ohamherehurg, 284

SeUn'9 Qrove, Pa,, 188

Senger, Mathlas, 426

Sentica, Frauds, 422

Seward, Secretary of State, attends
funeral of Cadet John R. Meigs, 78

Shamohi/n, Rey. B. A. Grube at, 14

Shampaln, Batson, 422

Sharp, Ann, marriage ot 594

Shaw, , 861

Shaw, Abraham, 588

Shebosch, , 215

Shedden, Mrs., entertains Mrs. Ar-
nold, 487

Shemung, 217

SHEPHERD, 417

SHEPPARD. 288

Sheppards. 285

Shewell. Bob, aids Rawle family in
defending home, 28

Shiefley, Jacob, 579

Shikellemy, 14

Ship Registers for Port of Philadel-
phia, 118, 266, 400, 560

Shipley, Col., 494

Shlppen, , 228

Sblppen. Betty, 452

Shlppen. '* Downright," member of
Parliament, mention of piece of
plate presented to, 171, 172. 177,
468

Shlppen, Edward (Chief- Justice), op-
poses marriage of Peggy to Arnold,
32; contemplates moving to Lan-
caster, 38 ; consents to marriage of
Peggy. 37, 88 ; country-seat of, 89 ;
marriage notice of daughter of, 89,
40; sickness of, 44; Mrs. Arnold
returns to home of, 152, 292; de-
sires to keep Mrs. Arnold in Phila-
delphia, 145, 160, 161, 162; sends
picture of hiiSself to Mrs. Arnold,
171, 465, 466; receives letter from
Daniel Coxe, 175; compliments his
daughter on economy, 178; com-
plains of expenses, 290; propose*
moving back to old house, 466;
receives letters from Mrs. Arnold,
452-495; receives news of death

624

Index.

of Gen. Arnold, 472, 478; offen a
home to Sophia Arnold, 406, 497;
Inylted to first meeting of Sodetj
of Bona of St. Tammany, 446; po-
litical life ot 460; wife of, men-
tioned, 158

Shlppen, Edward, of Lancaster, writes
to Chlef-Jostlce, on contemplating
moYlng to Lancaster, 82, 88 ; writes
concerning charges against Arnold,
86; mentioned, 291

Shlppen, Bllsabeth« marriage of, 29,
80, 88, 84, 86; letter to, 87, 89.
40. Bee Bord

Shlppen, J., 161

Shlppen, Margaret, wife of Benedict
Arnold, sketch of life of, 20, 146,
289, 462. Bee Arnold

Shlppen, Rebecca Lloyd, contrlbntes
sketch, 71 ; owner of original
manuscript of ** Star-Spangled Baa-
ner,"* 428

Shlppen, Sarah, 88

Shlppen, Dr. William (the elder),
mentioned, 291. 427

Shlppen, Dr. William (the younger),
291

Shlppen, William, member of Parlia-
ment, 171, 172, 177, 468

8hippen9hurQh, 88

Shirley, Oen., 90

ShiTers, Heseklah, marriage of. 694

Shockhnppo witnesses to deed to
William Penn, 484

Shoemaker, 1 qnoted concerning

affairs of Mrs. Arnold, 162, 168

Shoemaker, Benjamin, losses of, In
Philadelphia, 28

Short, William, desires grant of land,
688

Shonlts, Henry, 420

Shank, Francis B., 112

Shnte, Daniel, 680

Shnter, Christopher, executor for
Penrose, 286

Sibley, Dr. , 608

Slgel, (3en., 79

Sile$ia, 860

Silk, bounties on raw, 622

Slmes, Mrs., 857, 868

Slmonds, Capt., 689

SIse Roll of Capt. Stoys* Company,
678, 679

Bkippack, damage done by British In,
666

Bkippack Creek, 887

Slegle. , 223

SUdell, John, endorses appointment of
John R. Meigs for cadet, 78

Slown, Thomas, 428

Smiley, , 228

SMITH, 859, 417

Smith, Capt. , 201

Smith, Lt , 198, 196, 202, 207,

841, 846

Smith, Mrs. , 419

Smith, Rey. Franklin C^ 481

Smith, Henry, 677

Smith, Capt. James, 808, 689

Smith, James, 876, 429, 481

Smith, John, 428

Smith, Joshua, 46

Smith, Joshoa Hett, snspectad of not
being friendly to America, 145, 146,
147

Smith, Michael, 677

Smith, Philip, 679

Smith, R., letter to, from Chief-Jus-
tice Marshall, 268, 264, 266

Smith, Thomas, 690

Smith, William, 426, 480

Smith, Rey. Dr. William, Inrlted to
preach In Berks County, 872, 878;
recommends Mr. Murray as mission-
ary for Reading, 874, 689; to aid
Alexander Murray, 876, 876; m«i-
tion of letters from Sir William
Johnson to, 588, 689

Smith, W. Alexander, 867

Smith, William P., 680

SBCYTH, genealogical query, 141

Smyth, Rey. Thomas, 141

Snowthoe TowneMp, 212

Snyder, Mary Klttera, bequest of,
188

Society of Constitutional Republicans
In 1806, 686

Society of the Sons of St Tammany
of Philadelphia, sketch ot 488

Sons of Liberty in Amwlca, society
called, organised, 488, 489, 440;
plant liberty pole in New York,
440. 441 ; dlsbandment ot 440

BoreU River, 194, 197, 198, 199, 201,
846

Souder, Casper, marriage ot 694

South Ward, damage done by British
in, 824

Southerly, , 188

Southwark, damage done by British
In, 666

Splegal, Jacob. 698

Spindle, Adam, 426

Springfield, damage done by British In,
666

Stackhouse, Abagall, marriage ot 696

Stage trayelling in 1882, 284

Stalnhlrer, Stoffel, 679

Stamp Act, Dean Tucker charges
Franklin with promoting passage

Index.

625

of, 807: oppoflitloii to, 488, 48f ;

repeal of, 489, 440
Stamp duties dlacoaeed, l»4, iM^ 516
8taiidl7, Bnalcn, 608
8TANFIBLD, 288
Bt4in¥>(w, Fort, 210
Star, Richard, 682
" Star-spangled Banner,** orlfteal

manoscrlpt of, 48T

Stark, Col. , 600

STABB, 288

StaoSer, D. McN., contritatea aketdi,

109
Steame, Profeeeor, 882

Stedman, Iflia ^ 418, 419

Steed, James, 679

Steel, James, 480

STBBLMAN, 417

STBBB, 288

StellwaceB, Heary B^ preaeiita sword

to Historical Society, 488
Stellwagen, Cfipt. Henry S., 488

Stephen, ^ 260

Stepheu, Jos., 480

STBPHBNSON, genealofflcal qaery,

287
Stephenson, Samnel, 691
Sterling, mles for cenyertliit. Into

currency, 670
Sterrit, Samnel, 698
Stenben, Baron de» 870, 871
Sterenson, Oeofge^ 680
StOTtnson, Stephoi, 480

Stewart, Dr. ^ 608

Stewart, Anthony, owner of Mg

'•Peggy Stewart,*' 848, 849; pays

dnty on tea brought in on his brig,

848, 268 ; offers to bnm tea at own

loss, 249, 268 ; eompelled to destroy

the brig, 260, 268 ; threatened, 261,

268; conduct of, ertUelMd, 864
Stewart, Charles, writes cooosmlng

marriage of AiboM, 82
Stewart, Charles B. H., endorses the

application of John B. Ifelgs as

cadet, 78
Stewart, DaTid, 888
Stewart, Frands, 698
Stewart, John, 826^ 677
"Stewart, Peggy,** destmeUon of the

brig, 248-864
Stewart, Sarah, 141
Stewart, Walter, 606, 682, 688
Stewart, William, 677

Stidham, , 482

BH^atrUgB, 818
Stockley, Nehsmlah, 689
Stockton, Bbeneser, 680
Stoddart, Benjamin, 698
Stoerer, Charles and William, UO

VOL. XXV. — 40

Bioh€ Oonrt, 678

Htok€ ParM, 676, 678

Stoke PIMM, 678

Stoko Pogu, 676, 678

Stone, John, 690

Bton^ Pok^t, 100

Story, Lt. Samnel, 689

Stoys, Capt. John, else roll of com-
pany of, 678

BtriHuitmnf To¥m9ili4§, List of Poor
Assodators In, 691

Strayley, George, 480

Stretcher, , 488

Strieker, John, 689

Stringer, Dr. , 480

Bugwr Bwn Fonjf, 808

SnlllTan, Gen., Capt. Lacey i^^peals
to, 197, 198, 199, 800, 801, 806;
council of war held at head-
quarters of, 808; seeks adrlee
from Col. Hartley, 804 ; men-
tioned, 194, 807

8um:imrf, 42, 804

Bu»qiuika/Hna Oowi^tw, a pioneer set-
tler of, 698

Bntqufthmmm »t9or, Ber. B. A. Qmbe
TlsHs Indians on, 14; notes of
trsTd on, 208; Mrs. Arnold de-
sires knowledge concerning land on,
470

Swan, Timothy, 489

Swift, Col. , 609

Swift, John, Collector of CostosM at
Philadelphia, 678

Swift, ICartha, 696

Symser, Jacob, 888

Syng, Philip, answer to query con-
cerning, 888

Tagg, Benjamin, 679

Talbot, 41

Talbot, Capt., 677

Tamanen, Tamanlens, nunlna, Tam-
Iny, Tamlnent, Tammanens. Boo
Tamanend

'nunanend, good qnalltles of, 488;
signs deed of land to Penn, 488,
484; addresses Coondl In Phila-
delphia, 484; held In Ugh estMm
by Indians, 486, 488; meaning of
name of, 486 ; list of articles glren
by Penn to, fior land, 486; tradi-
tions concerning; 488; bnrial-place
ot 487, 488; held In esteem by
Colony on Schuylkill, 488; Phila-
delphia honorsi 441; ftmie ot 441,
442; celebration In honor ot 448,
446; followers ot destgnatsd
"Buck suns," 448; toasts dmnk
In honor ot 448, 444;

626

Index.

as btlnt Adopted Balnt for Phila-
delphia, 446

Tammany. 899 St. Tammany

Tamkerley, Ootmtif York, 100

Tarleton, CoU 164

Taxation, Parliamentary right ot
aifoed by Dean Tocker, 811, tl6^
817, 616, 626

Taylor, Capt , 846

Taylor, Dr. , 608

Taylor, Maj., 600

Taylor, Abraham, Ckillector of Cna-
toma at Philadelphia, 676

Taylor, Bamnel, 677

Taylor, Z., writes on appolntl&t a
goyemor for Minnesota, 686

Tea, obaerratlons on consumption ot
180, 140, 141

Tmrrp Township, 208

Thell, Charies L., 682

Thomas, Richard, 226

Thomas, Webster, marriafe of, 604

ThOfM9'9 HoM, 284

Thompson, Dr. ^ 240

Thompson, , present at attack on

James Wilson's hoase, 26

Thompson, Gen. ^ prosecnted for

libel, 86 ; menUoned, 104, 100, 200,
201

Thompson, John, 480, 602

Thompson, Peter, 604

Thomson, ^ missionary In Berks

County, 881, 882

Thomson, Charles, 480, 480

Thomson, Hannah, 481

Three JUemr$, 100, 200, 848

Three, Thomas, 670

rioofMfero^, 104, 202, 207, 844, 847,
507, 611; orders for officer at,
602; Arnold's refUaent escapes
to, 604, 606, 608; Wayne In
command of, 612, 618

Tllbert, Rebec<»i, marriage ot 604

Tilghman, , 84

Tllghman, Bdward, 160

Tilghman, Blisabeth, writes concern-
ing Betsy Shippen's wedding, 87;
also on attacks on Arnold's char-
acter, 80; sends congratolatlons
to Mrs. Arnold, 40; marriage ot
40

Tilghman, James, 480 ; Inylted to first
meeting of Society of Sons of St.
Tammany, 446; political life ot
460

Tilghman, Nancy, 41

Tilghman, Tench, 201

Tilghman, William, 41

Tllton, James, 680

Timber In PennsylTsnia, 200

Tiney, Walter, 420
Tlnk, Michael, 602
T4tmouih, 478

Tobacco, Dean Tocker's griOTaace con-
cerning, 620, 621
Tole, Boger, 600
Tompkins, WlUlam, 688
Torbet, William, 677
Torrlngton, Ylsoonnt, 141
Towameneimg, damage done by British

In, 567
TOWNSBND, 417
Townsend, Darid, 580
Trammer, Nicholas, 601

Treadwell, . 874, 876

Treat, Malachl, 680

Tremton, WashlngtMi punned to,

618 ; captnre of Hessians at, 614
TBUMAN. 288
Tryon, Qoy., toast In honor ot at

first meeting of Society of Sons of

St Tammany, 448
T$cha&hkai, 217
Tacker, Bey. Josiah, D.Dn pamphlet

ot 807, 616
TtOip HiU, 248, 261
Tnlley, John, 688
Tark, Hogh, 670
Tombnll, Capt Charles, 680
TUBNBB, 288

Tomer, , 420

Tnmer, John, 428

Twiggs, Col. , yonches for Lt.

Buchanan, 520
Tycart, Patrick, 422
Tyler, Hon. John, letter to, 682, 688 ;

mentioned, 110
Tyler, Jnlla Gardiner, writes to Mrs.

Madison, 688, 684

YALBNTINID, 288

FoUay Fwrge, 148

Van Bnren, Martin, offers Buchanan
seat In Cabinet, 681; mentioned,
110

Vance, Daniel, 500

Vanlemenlgh, George Washington, 287

Vanlemenlgh, Zachariah, 287

Van Ollyler ft Co. witnesses agree-
ment between captain and pas-
sengers on ship "Blisabeth," 266

Van Schaack, Henry C. and Peter,
164, 178, 208

Yarick, Col. Bichard, attached to
military family of Arnold, 146,
146; warns Arnold against Joshna
Hett Smith, 146; testifies against
Arnold, 150, 161; aoQoltted of
complicity, 152; beUeyes In Mrs.
Arnold, 185, 180

Index.

627

Vanram, Capt. , 848

VaniiiB, BsBlgn , 198, 202

Yaughan, Dr. , 478

Yaughan, Maj.-Oen. , 101

Yanx, James, 220

T0ha^i> Oowf^fy, 210

Ylllett, John, 691

Virifktia, Un4iVtrHty of, 627

Yolck, Andrew, 688

Yon Mancball, Frodarlck W., writea

on remoTal of Indiana from Phila-

dalphla, 17
Yoohris, Iflnnlo, 681
Yredenbnrgh, John, 681
Yyae, Col. Howard, 670

Wade, Jamea F., 188

Walnwright, Franda, 681

Walcott, Thomaa, 681

Walford, » makea abstract from

will of Penrose^ 286, 280

Walker, Gideon, 480

Walker, Lewis Bnrd, oontribntes
sketch of ICargaret Shippen, 20,
146, 289, 462

Wallace, ^ 602

Wallace, C, 260

Wallace, Bdward, 698

Wallace, Thomas, 692

Wallens, Capt ^ 871

WalUs, Samuel, 209, 210

WMit't Mm, 209

Wains, mention of losses of. In Phila-
delphia, 29

WiOnui Ward, damage done by Brit-
ish in, 826

Wal9CkUhen, 14

Walter. J., 808

Ward, , 601

Warfleld, Dr., ringleader in destroy-
ing brig " Peggj Stewart," 249, 261

Waring, Thomas, 680

Warner, Bllsaheth, marriage of, 288

Warner, John, 690

Warren, John, 680

Warren, niomas, 690

Wasliington, Bnshrod, 867

Washington, Fanny, letter f?om
Martha Washington to, 867, 868

Washington, Gen. George^ presents
epaolettes to Arnold, 81; treats
Arnold with politeness, 89, 42;
receiyes papers rerealing Andre's
plot, 147, 148; proceeds to West
Point, 147, 148, 160, 161; treats

- Mrs. Arnold with commiseration,
149, 150; glTes Mrs. Arnold choice
of retnming to Philadelphia or New
York, 162, 292; Mrs. Arnold's
grief at death of, 172, 298, 470,

471; distmsts Aaron Burr, 179;
mention of hatred of Bnrr to, 181,
189; belieres in Mrs. Arnold, 184,
186, 292, 294, 296; Arnold asks,
for protection for his wife, 800,
801; appoinU WiUiam Bawle at-
torney for United States, 220;
entertained by mayor at City
Tayem, 228; extract of letter
from, 269; does not belleye Fort
Washington secure, 201; first
namesake of, 287, 481; writes to
Lt.-Col. Laurens, 870; priyate
business letters of, 866, 860, 867;
dines with Chief-Justice Chew,
447; Bey. Jacob Dnchd writes
to, 447; yUits Cambridge* 460;
is pursued to Trenton, 618; reooid
of baptism of slaye belonging to,
686; regard of Col. Hartley for,
mentioned, 806; mentioned, 1, 809,
600, 690

Washington, Harriot, 804

Washington, Martha, letters of, 180,
867, 868

W99h4nffUm, D, 0„ described in 1801,
71, 72

Waters, » 262

Waters, Elisabeth, marriage of, 694

Waters, Samuel, marriage of, 694

WatWn, , 46

Watt, John, 698

Watterbury, , 606

Wayne, Gen. Anthony, to settle board
bill for troops at Darby, 11, 12;
orders Capt Lacey to settle same,
192, 198; glyes Capt Moore com-
mand of Capt Lacey*s company,
198, 196, 190, 197; receiyes order
to reinstate Lacey, 198, 194; let-
ters of, 418, 419; extracts from
Orderly-Books of, 424 ; Is criUdsed
by Lacey, 498, 499; thanks men
of his battalion, 600; orders of,
601; giyen command at TIcon-
deroga, 612; recruiting officers
detaUed for diyislon ot 689;
mentioned, 100, 304, 608

Wayne, Maj. WUliam, 100

Weayer, George, 420

¥nWB, 288

Webb, Jonathan, 869

Webb, Joseph, marriage of, 594

Webb» Nathan, 869

Weber, Jacob, 688

Webster, Lt John B., 689

Weohque%9mo, Bey. B. A. Grube at, 16,
17

Weed, George, 480

Weigand, Michael, 688

628

Index.

W«lmnuui, JohB, M6

WBIB, 141

Wtltier, CkmrtC 144

Wtleh, A^ letter Croa Ifn. Polk to»
U5

WeldlB, Patflck, 8t3

Welih, Beajimln, deelree netotaace
from gon* U Liberty la PUledel-
thift, 4t9

WeoMtflB, Catbarine, 168

WeMarln, Mary, 088

Wendt, Frederick. 081

Weatworth. Aaae, 141

1Fct« Ohmt^Ts V. Y., laccegg of Aaer-
Icaa Araiy la, 008

W—i Mn4 fmrm, 078

Ifeel JfeeMMiek^ 218

WeH Pftkki, Amold la cenaaad at,
42; lire. AraoM at, 48, 44, 48,
146, 888; Waeklagtoa at, 147,
148, 100, 101; Araeld Oeee fiom,
148, 188, 870; John R. Melge ap-
pointed cadet at, 78

WetherUl, Bamael, eppeaee calllac a
State Conyentlon, 587

Wkarton, ^ part ewaer of Ibe

Pm^M^lvw^a OhnmM€, 444

Wharton, Bobert li., U8

Wharton, 8a«Ml, wrttet en the con-
soaptloa of teas In North AMorlea,
189, 140, 141

Wharton, Thomai, Invited to llrat
meeting of floelety of Boat of
it. Taamaay, 448; political aestl-
BMnte of; 400

Wheelant, Michael, 078

Wheeleck, Col. , 008

WHINBBT, 988

WHITB, 417

White, Col. , 490

White, Aatolae, 911

White, John, 211, 998

White, Thoaiae, 081

White, William (Blihop), petitions
ooacemlnc John Boberte, 28; In-
Tlted to flret meeUnf of Society of
■one of St. Tammeny, 448; loyalty
of, to American canae, 447

WMU Miff Toum, Pa., 8

WMU H(trt, 285

White Hor$€ Tavern, 088

Whltefleld, , 14

Whltemaa, John, marriage of, 505

WMtemareh, damage doae by British
In, 558

Whitney, Lt. , ooort-martla) of,

508

WMtpaiH, damage done by British In,
559

Whitton, John, 081

WhItweU. ^ 881

WIchtrlght, Nathaniel, 084

WIddows, la., 577

Wlggleeworth, ^ 000

Wllcocks, , 228

Wllkeii% WUllam, 079

Wllkeebarre, Becorda of rirst Pree-
byterlan Chorch of, 088

Wllklne, Jndge, 588

WILKINSON. 988

WtOdaaea, John, friendly to Ameri-
can canae, 516

WUklnson ft Hodge, 188

Wlllard, Ck>t , 008

Williams, Bdward, 081

Williams, James, Collector of Customs
at Philadelphia, 078

WlUlams, John Bogete, 144

Williams, Joohoa, 098

Williams, Thomas^ ships tea ea brig
«* Peggy Stewart," 948, 249, 981,
908

waUtrnthmy, Fa., 588, OM

WllUas, Balph, 490

Willing, k 84

WUlIng, James, 291

WlUlng. Blchard, 291

WlUlng, Thomas, Invited to drat
meeting of Society of Soaa of
St. Tammany, 448; pallUcal Ittt
of, 450; meaUoaed, 188

WllUts, Capt, 841, 848, 480 •

WUls. Abstracts of Oooaty, aad Index
to Admlnlatrattoim, 287

Wills, DaTid, 688

WlUshler, Mary, marriage ot 880

WUlson, Capt. , 908

Wllleon, Qoodwin, 580

WUmot Towneh4p, 208

WILSON, 988

Wllaoa, k 107, 998

Wilson, Chrlstophsr, 077

Wilson, James, glTss efleace to mote
m Philadelphia. 98; hoase of, at*
tacked, 28, 27; forced to leata
Philadelphia, 27

Wilson. Bacbel, 188

WILT, 988

Wlmaa, Joseph, 088

Wimley, Joha, 079

WtaMsh, Deborah, 090

W4moKeeter, 884

Wlad, Col. , 844, 607

Wind Oap, 14, 018

Winters, Christian, 082.

WUemhMbon, Hyma-Book of the Her-
mits ot 888, 887, 888

Withers, Lt. William, Mnater-Boll of
CoBBpany of Bangers ot 090

WItmaa, Lndwlck, 429

Index.

629

Wolfe, Gen. ^ toast In lionor ot

at flnt moetiiig of Society of Sons
of St. Tammany, 448

Wolfong, John, 577

Wood, Col. , 499

Wood, John, 577

Wood, Samuel, 592

WoodrnlC, Samnel, 580

Woods, Col. , 419

Woods, Maj. , 200

WOODWABD, 417

Worce$ter, damage done by British In,
558

WBIGHT, 288

Wright, Capt. , 455

Wright, Alexander, 220

Wright, John G., 580

WriQhUtown, meetlng-honse at, glyes
credentials to Heston and Lacey,
4, 7

WytOuHng, 18, 208

"Wye House," 78

Wynkoop, Gerardus, 224, 226

Wynne, Dr. Thomas, account of early
life of, 104

Wyoming Historical and Genealogical
Society, Proceedings and Collections
of, noticed, 690

Wyominff TaU^y, first Moraylan bap-
tism in, 14

TBAMAN8, 488

Testes, Jasper, purchases house from
Galloway, 82; letter from Bd.
Burd to, 84, 85; written to, on
Tisit of Mrs. Arnold to Philadel-
phia, 168; mentioned, 291

Teates, Mrs. Jasper, letter from
Bllsabeth Shlppen to, 84

Yellow fever In New York, 490; In
Philadelphia, 474

Yokum, Andrew, 577

Yorl^ Col. Hartley escorts Washing-
ton through, 805 ; mission work at,
881

York Oovmiy, Thomas Hartley occu-
pies prominent positions in, 808;
Charles William Hartley mentioned
as Prothonotary of, 806 ; mentioned,
228

Yorhtown^ Maj. Clayton prisoner at,
100

Young, 1 419

Young, Andrew, 688

Young Joseph, 680

Young, Llewelloi, 677

Young, Bobert, 679

Zane, 1 41

Zelsberger, —
mentioned, 16
Zeltner, GustaTe George 886
ZIniendort Count, 210

translations of.

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The Records of Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Ohnrch» Wil-
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Early History of the University of Pennsylvania firom its
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