Skip to main content

Full text of "Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal"

See other formats


This  is  a  digital  copy  of  a  book  that  was  preserved  for  generations  on  library  shelves  before  it  was  carefully  scanned  by  Google  as  part  of  a  project 
to  make  the  world's  books  discoverable  online. 

It  has  survived  long  enough  for  the  copyright  to  expire  and  the  book  to  enter  the  public  domain.  A  public  domain  book  is  one  that  was  never  subject 
to  copyright  or  whose  legal  copyright  term  has  expired.  Whether  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  may  vary  country  to  country.  Public  domain  books 
are  our  gateways  to  the  past,  representing  a  wealth  of  history,  culture  and  knowledge  that's  often  difficult  to  discover. 

Marks,  notations  and  other  marginalia  present  in  the  original  volume  will  appear  in  this  file  -  a  reminder  of  this  book's  long  journey  from  the 
publisher  to  a  library  and  finally  to  you. 

Usage  guidelines 

Google  is  proud  to  partner  with  libraries  to  digitize  public  domain  materials  and  make  them  widely  accessible.  Public  domain  books  belong  to  the 
public  and  we  are  merely  their  custodians.  Nevertheless,  this  work  is  expensive,  so  in  order  to  keep  providing  this  resource,  we  have  taken  steps  to 
prevent  abuse  by  commercial  parties,  including  placing  technical  restrictions  on  automated  querying. 

We  also  ask  that  you: 

+  Make  non-commercial  use  of  the  files  We  designed  Google  Book  Search  for  use  by  individuals,  and  we  request  that  you  use  these  files  for 
personal,  non-commercial  purposes. 

+  Refrain  from  automated  querying  Do  not  send  automated  queries  of  any  sort  to  Google's  system:  If  you  are  conducting  research  on  machine 
translation,  optical  character  recognition  or  other  areas  where  access  to  a  large  amount  of  text  is  helpful,  please  contact  us.  We  encourage  the 
use  of  public  domain  materials  for  these  purposes  and  may  be  able  to  help. 

+  Maintain  attribution  The  Google  "watermark"  you  see  on  each  file  is  essential  for  informing  people  about  this  project  and  helping  them  find 
additional  materials  through  Google  Book  Search.  Please  do  not  remove  it. 

+  Keep  it  legal  Whatever  your  use,  remember  that  you  are  responsible  for  ensuring  that  what  you  are  doing  is  legal.  Do  not  assume  that  just 
because  we  believe  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  the  United  States,  that  the  work  is  also  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  other 
countries.  Whether  a  book  is  still  in  copyright  varies  from  country  to  country,  and  we  can't  offer  guidance  on  whether  any  specific  use  of 
any  specific  book  is  allowed.  Please  do  not  assume  that  a  book's  appearance  in  Google  Book  Search  means  it  can  be  used  in  any  manner 
anywhere  in  the  world.  Copyright  infringement  liability  can  be  quite  severe. 

About  Google  Book  Search 

Google's  mission  is  to  organize  the  world's  information  and  to  make  it  universally  accessible  and  useful.  Google  Book  Search  helps  readers 
discover  the  world's  books  while  helping  authors  and  publishers  reach  new  audiences.  You  can  search  through  the  full  text  of  this  book  on  the  web 


at|http  :  //books  .  google  .  com/ 


^^^                ■    AS 

!■                      ■     .C21 
H                     ■    P9 

n                     ■    1870-1871 

^^^^^1    BUHR 

1 

1  ^__^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 
^^1      B     1. 107,684           ^H 

^^^^^^^Hk 

1  •» 

\           i 

iH 

i 

L    . 

1 

1 

J 

PEOCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BE 


EDITED   BY 


THE  HONORARY  SECRETAR] 


JANUARY    TO   DEOEM 


18  7  0. 


CALCUTTA: 

PBIKTED  BT  C.    B.   LEWIS,    BAPTIST  lOSSIOB' 
1870. 


CONTENTS. 


List  of  Members  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  on  the 
31st  December,  1869,  Appendix,  in  February  Proceedings, 
Abstract  Statement  of  Receipts  and  Disbursements  of  the 
Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  for  the  year  1869,  Appendix,  in 
February  Proceedings,    -  -  -  -  - 

Proceedings  for  January,  1870,  (with  pi.  I),     -  -      - 

Do.  for  February,  1870,  including  Annual  Report,  and 
President's  Address,  -  .  - 

Do.    „    March,  1870,  (including  Proceedings  of  an  ex- 
traordinary Meeting  held  on    16th  March, 

1870), 

April,         1870,  -  -  -  -  1 

^ay>  })     (with  pi.  11),  -  -      -  ] 

June,  „  -  -  -  -  ] 

July, 
August, 
September, 
November, 

December  (including  list  of  papers  read  at  the 
Meetings  of  the  Society  during  the  year  1870, 
index  &c.),  -  -  -        -      -  3 


( 

Do.    , 

h 

Do.    , 

\ 

Do.    , 

\ 

Do.    , 

Do.    , 

\ 

Do.    , 

{ 

Do.    , 

Do.    , 

\ 

(with  pis.  m,  IV,  V), 


r 


PROCEEDmaS 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OP  BENGAL 

Fob  Jantjahy,  1870. 


The  moiitlily  meeting  of  the  Socioty  was  held  on  WednesJay,  the 
5tii  mstaut,  at  0  p.  u. 

Th«  IIonM)le  J.  B.  Ph^ar,  Vice-Pl'Gsident,  in  the  cliair. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmt*d. 

The  rt>ceipt  of  the  following  presentations  was  annoimoed  : — 

1.  Fi*«jm  n,  H oxter,  Esq.,  a  specimen  of  Chammlm  rul0ar(df 
obtained  near  Bughodeer,  Omnd-tnink  road. 

Dr.  8toliezka  obsen-ed  that  the  spe<dmen  exhibited  was  a  very 
interesting  one,  representing  a  poculiar  variety  of  Ck  VHl^irhf  not 
common  in  India. 

The  &kin  is  somewhat  stretched,  but  the  total  length  of  the  speei- 
men  was  certainly  12  inches,  or  a  little  more,  the  tail  meafttu'ing 
alightly  more  than  one  half  of  it.  Dr.  G  ii  n  t  h  o  r  (Hoptile«  of  India, 
p.  162)  remarks  that  moat  of  the  Indian  specimens  ai'e  of  a  green 
^eolonr,  and  Dr.  Qray^  in  his  monograph  of  the  Charimieontidm 
(Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  for  186  i,  p.  469)  etatos  tliat  '*  the  bands  are  in 
Intlinn  specimena  generally  absent,  though  in  some  (specimens) 
I  cL.^ar3y  indicated.*' 

llie  general  colour  of  the  body  in  the  present  sppcim^^n  is  a  dis- 
'  tinrt  greyish  oUve,  having  throughout  a  slight  grocn  tinge  which,  ac- 
cording to  Mr.  n  e  X  t  e  r's  ojccouut,  appeal's  to  have  been  mcuHt  pro* 
valent,  and  variable  in  the  live  animal,  but  itfiided  rermirkably  quick- 
ly after  death.  Kath  side  is  mai*ked  with  eight  somewhat  ij'n'gular 
firangis  brown  cross  bands ;  the  first  three  baadrt  i>f  the  fore  part  of  the 
lK)dy  being  diviiied  into  a  few  epot^  ;  above  the  shoulder  there  h  a 
conspicuous  white  ^p«*t,  and  a  broadissh  horizontal  strip  of  the  snrue 
voloiu'  bohind  the  fore  foot.   The  head  above,  and  partitdly  at  tho 


2  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [  J.vn. 

sides,  the  greater  part  of  the  feet  and  three-fourths  of  the  torniinal 
end  of  the  tail  are  bright  yellow,  the  feet  and  tail  being  rather 
narrowly  banded  with  bright  orange.  The  upper  crest  of  the 
body  is  grey,  it  slightly  continues  on  the  anterior  greyish  por- 
tion of  the  tail ;  the  lower  crest  is  white,  and  specially  in  front 
very  distinctly  developed.  The  forehead  is  very  concave  and 
the  occipital  crest  high ;  the  posterior  flaps  are  not  develoj)ed, 
but  the  orbital  ridge  which  begins  at  the  rostral  end  is  very 
prominent,  and  joins  the  posterior  end  of  the  occij)ital  ridge  by  a 
floxuous  curve,  being  slightly  bent  downwtirds  behind  the  eye, 
but  at  the  same  time  continuous  throughout.  A  distinctly  separ- 
ate low  ridge  runs  from  the  end  of  the  occipital  crest  to  the  upper 
posterior  end  of  the  tympanoid  region ;  the  scales  on  this  ridge  aro 
elongately  tubercular,  but  not  much  larger  than  those  accompanying 
it  on  both  sides.  The  scales  on  the  gidar  sack  are  small  and 
arranged  longitudinally  in  two  rows. 

The  deeply  excavated  forehead  and  the  numerous  cross  bands 
distinguish  the  present  specimen  as  the  variety  called  by  Dr. 
Gray  marmaratus,  but  the  author  of  the  monograph  does  not 
state  where  that  variety  was  obtained  ;  it  is  certainly  a  i)eculiar 
one,  for  judging  from  our  specimen,  it  does  not  exhibit  a  trace  of  tiio 
two  longitudinal  bands  on  the  sides  of  the  body,  noted  as  charaetor- 
istic  of  the  typical  Ch.  vulgaris  of  Africa  and  Europe.  F  i  t  z  i  n  g  o  r 
applied  the  name  Ch.  Coromandelicm  to  the  Indian  Chnmaleon,  but 
the  name  G\.  Ceylonicm,  Laur.,  used  by  Dr.  J  o  r  d  o  n  in  his  account 
of  the  species  has  priority  (J.  Asiat.  Soc.  B.,  XXII,  p.  466.) 

Dr..  Gray  (loo.  cit.)  however,  says  that  "  after  rigorous  examina- 
tion and  comparison,"  the  differences  existing  in  the  European, 
African  and  Asiatic  forms  do  not  possess  specific  value.  There  can 
be  no  doubt  that  both  forms  are  very  similar  and  perhaps  referable 
to  one  species  only.  Setting  aside  coloration  and  compai-ing 
various  specimens  of  the  Indian  Chamceleon^  it  is  remarkable  to 
find  that  the  posterior  extension  of  the  supraorbital  ridge  is  always 
very  distinct  in  them,  and  the  same  also  applies  to  the  ridge  descend- 
ing from  the  posterior  end  of  the  occijntal  crest  downwai'ds,  while 
in  the  African  form  these  ridges  apjioar  to  bo  much  less  developed. 
In  Geofi^roy's  figure  of  the  Egyptian  Chamaleon  (Descript.  scient. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  3 

de  1^  Eg^^^it  (fee,    pi.  4)   those  ridges  are   scarcely  noticeable,  and 
the  second  one  mentioned  almost  entirely  absent. 

According  to  VLi\  11  e  x  t  e  r'  s  account,  the  specimen  submitted  was 
obtained  in  the  jungles  near  Bughodeer,  and  appears  to  be  rare. 
The  geograx>hical  distribution  of  the  species  is  stated  to  be  (among 
others)  **  India  generally,"  but  I  do  not  know  how  far  it  extends  in 
India  northwards,  for  its  special  haunts  are  Ceylon  and  the  whole  of 
Southern  India.  I  do  not  know  whether  it  has  been  recorded 
from  Central  India,  but  in  any  case  its  occurrence  so  far  North  as 
the  Grand  trunk  road  deserves  special  notice. 

2.  From  the  Superintendent,  Great  Trigonometrical  Survey  of 
India, — 2  cox)ie8  of  Eeport  of  the  Operations  of  the  Trigonometrical 
Survey  for  1868-69. 

3.  From  the  Government  of  India,  Foreign  Department, — three 
Amharic  MSS.  from  Magdala. 

The  Ilon'ble  Mr.  P  h  e  a  r  stated  that  the  three  volumes  are  the 
only  ones  which  we  possess  in  Amharic,  and  they  form,  therefore,  a 
valuable  acquisition  to  our  library. 

4.  From  the  author  tlirough  the  Eev.  C.  11.  Dall, — a  copy  of 
Observations  on  the  Geology  of  Alaska,  by  W.  H.  D  a  1 1. 

5.  From  the  author, — a  copy  of  a  pamphlet  entitled  "  On  the 
Desirability  of  a  National  Institution  for  the  Cultivation  of  the 
Sciences  by  the  Natives  of  India,  by  Dr.  MahendraHl  Sircar." 

6.  From  J.  A  v  d  a  1 1,  Esq., — a  copy  of  Lettre  d*  Abgar,  ou  his- 
toire  de  la  conversion  des  Edesseens,  par  Laboubnia,  traduite 
8ur  la  version  Armenienne  du  Yme.  Siecle,  Venice,  1868. , 

7.  From  Allan  Hume,  Esq., — one  volume  entitled  "My 
Scrap  Book,  or  Bough  Notes  on  Indian  Oology  and  Ornithology  ;" 
Part  I.,  Raptores,  No.  1,  Calcutta,  1869. 

Tliis  is  an  important  publication  on  Indian  Ornithology,  complet- 
ing in  many  resi>ect8  Dr.  Jerdon's  "  Birds  of  India." 

The  following  gentlemen  didy  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
meeting  were  balloted  for  as  ordinary  members  : — 

Allan  Ilume,  Esq.,  J.  Wood  Mason,  Esq.,  Capt.  A.  G. 
Boss. 

Tlio  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting  :  — 


4  Proceeding B  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Jan. 

Baden  Powell,  Esq ,  0.  8.,  Lahore,  proposed  by  Colonel  R. 
Maclagan,  seconded  l^  Mr.  Thornton. 

J.  H.  Newman,  Esq.,  M.  D.,  Assistant  Surgeon  to  the  Political 
Agency,  Joudhpur,  proposed  by  R.  M.  Adam,  Esq.,  seconded  by 
Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

Fred.  Wm.  Alexander  de  Fabeck,  Bengal  Medical  Ser- 
vice, Jeypore,  Rajpootana  ;  proposed  by  H.  H.  Locke,  Esq., 
seconded  by  Dr.  J.  Anderson. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  intimated  their  desire  to  withdraw 
from  the  Society, — T.  E.  Coxhead,  Esq.,  W.  U.  Bourke, 
Esq.,  Baron  0.  Ernsthausen,  J.  A.  Crawford,   Esq. 

The  following  letters  were  read  : — 

1.  From  John  Beames,  Esq.,  C.  S., — dated  Balasore  Dis- 
trict, Camp  Agarpara,  December  16th,  1869. 

"  Enclosed  (^Vide  pi.  I )  I  send  an  accurate  copy  of  an  inscrip- 
tion I  stumbled  upon  yesterday  among  the  ruins  of  an  old  temple  at 
Kopari  some  thirty  miles  south  of  Balasore. 

**  The  inscription  was  cut  on  the  back  of  a  slab  of  grey  stone,  the 
front  of  which  was  adorned  with  a  statuette  of  a  divinity,  resembling 
that  of  Lakshmi.  I  would  have  sent  the  whole  thing  to  the  Society, 
but  the  villagers  appear  to  worship  it,  and  went  so  far  as  to  send  for 
a  Brahmin  to  turn  the  image  round  for  me  to  copy  the  inscription  ! 

**  Perhaps  Babu  BajendraHla,  or  some  other  member,  would 
kindly  favour  me  with  a  translation.  The  people  were  anxious  to 
know  what  it  meant,  and  I  promised  to  get  one  of  the  great  *  Calcutta 
pandits'  to  translate  it.  If  it  has  any  general  interest,  pray  use  it 
in  your  Journal." 

The  copy  of  the  inscription  was  submitted  to  B4bu  R  d  j  e  n  d  r  a- 
I6la  Mitra,  who  writes  imder  date  of  5th  January,  1870,  as 
follows  : — 

**  The  bulk  of  the  inscription  is  made  up  of  the  well-known  Bud- 
dhist creed  Ye  dhannd  heiu,  ^'^.,  incised  in  the  Kutila  character  of 
the  10th  century.  The  letters  are  ill-formed  and  defective,  and 
the  spelling  full  of  gross  mistakes.  The  latter  half  of  the  fifth 
lino  and  the  whole  of  the  sixth  and  seventh  lines  contain  new 
matter,  but  the  last,   with   the   exception  of  the  concluding  two 


^^>^)»VX\;.'^\^ 


Ccpif  of' 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  5 

letters,  is  illegible,  and  a  lacuna,  in  the  middle  of  the  sixth,  renders 
it  very  doubtful  reading.  The  words  Om  sarva  tath-a  gata  hridaya 
and  dharma  tunga  are  distinct,  and  they  imply  that  for  "  the  en- 
hancement of  virtue"  (dharma  tunga)  and  the  delight  (?)  **  of  the 
hearts  of  all  Tath-agatas"  or  Buddhas,  the  statuette  was  dedicated 
by  some  one.     The  name  of  the  donor  has  been  lost  in  the  last  line. 

"  The  statuette  is,  of  course,  not  of  Lakshmi,  but  of  a  Buddhist 
divinity,  probably  of  Mayfidevf. 

**  The  discovery  of  the  statuette  is  interesting  as  affording  a  proof 
in  support  of  the  opinion  that  Balasore  was  once  a  flourishing  seat 
of  Buddhism  and  contained  many  topes  and  shrines  of  great  sanctity." 

2.  From  Mr.  M.  L.  Ferrar,  C.  8.,  dated  Pertabgurh,  22nd 
December,  1869 : — 

I  have  been  asked  by  a  friend  in  England  to  try  to  find  out  who 
was  the  gentleman  whoso  seal  bears  the  following  inscription— that 
is  to  say,  to  find  out  the  rank  he  held  in  India,  and  in  whose  ser- 
vice.    The  seal  is  said  to  be  a  red  cornelian  in  gold  setting. 

"  Iftikhdr  ud  daulah  ihtisMm  ul  mulk  William  Douglas  Nix 
Bahddur  Shahamat  Jang,  1215."     (Hijri,  I  presume.) 

Could  you,  or  any  of  my  fellow-members  of  the  Society  inform 
me? 

The  following  papers  were  read  : — 

I. — Note  on  a  Circle  of  Stones  sittjated  in  the  DisTRicrr  op 
EusuFZYE, — ^y  Colonel  Sir  Arthur  Phayre.     (Abstract.) 

The  writer  describes  a  stone-hongo  situated  near  Sung  Butte, 
about  fifteen  miles  east  of  Marddn,  the  head  quarter  station  of  the 
Corps  of  Guides,  and  relates  several  traditions  regarding  them. 

An  Bxcollent  photograph  accompanies  the  description. 

The  paper  and  a  lithograph  of  the  stone-hengo  will  shortly  be 
published  in  the  Journal. 

The  Hon*ble  Mr.  P  h  e  a  r  observed — that  stone  structures  similar 
to  those  described  by  Sir  A.  Phayre,  wore  found  scattered  over 
a  very  large  area  of  the  earth's  surface.  They  were  often  taken 
to  be  evidence  of  the  wide  spread  existence  of  a  particular  race  "of 


6  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Jan. 

people,  but  it  would  probably  be  safer  to  say  only,  that  they  'were 
indicative  of  a  particidar  stage  of  civilization.     It   is  curio\is  that 
in   Cornwall,    whore  monolithic  remains  of  a  somewhat   similar 
character   are   found,    essentially   the  same  local    tradition  often 
attaches  to  them^as  that  mentioned  by   8ir  A.  P  h  a  y  r  e,   namely, 
that  a  party  passing  over  the  moor  on  some  excursion  was  turned 
into  a  group  of  stone  pillars  by  the  evil  power.     Clearly  the  tradi- 
tion belongs  to  a  late  date,  when  all  knowledge  of  the  purpose  of 
the  original  structure  was  lost,  and  itself  points  to  a  certain  ill  in- 
formed stage  of  civilization,  which  looks  to  supernatural  agency  to 
accoimt  for  anything  lying  outside  the  conmion  experiences  of  life. 
But  the  community  of  tradition   does  not  necessarily  imply  com- 
munity of  race  in  the  people  who  give  rise  to  it  and  transmit  it. 

Mr.  Blochmann  said  that  similar  stone-henges  had  been  allud- 
ed to  as  existing  in  Kashmir  by  Lt.-Col.  N  e  w  a  1 1  in  his  paper  on 
the  *  Temples  of  Razd^n,'  lately  read  before  the  Society.  Col. 
N  e  w  a  1 1  mentioned  especially  a  place  called  Bhadiakid  near 
which,  as  it  would  appear,  extensive  monuments  exist  of  *  Druidical' 
worship  from  times  prior  to  the  Buddhistic  Era. 

Sir  Richard  Temple  mentioned  that  those  stone  circles 
were  found  almost  throughout  India. 

Dr.  Stoliczka  said  that  Sir  John  Lubbock  in  his  last 
edition  of  the  "  Pre-historic  times,"  mentions  the  occurrence  of  these 
stone  circles  throughout  Asia,  from  the  borders  of  Russia  down  to  the 
Pacific  seas.  He  describes  and  figures  several  of  them  as  **  sepulchral 
stone  circles"  of  the  so-called  megalithic  period. 

n. — Observations  on  a  Sanad,  granted  by  Shah  'A'lam  to  Rajah 
Pitya'mbar Mitra Baha'di5r, — by  H.  Blochmann,  Esq. ,  M.  A. 

I  have  been  asked  by  Babu  Rajendral&la  Mitra  to  exhibit 
a  Sanad  granted  by  Sh^h  * Alam  to  R^jah  Pity^mbar  Mitra 
Bali^dur,  one  of  the  Bfibu's  ancestors. 

Tlie  Sanad  is  of  the  kind  called  Farmdn  i  Sahti  (,^  ^^^,  A'in 
i  Akbari,  p.  261,  No.  2)  and  confers  ux)on  the  Rajali  14  villa<^os 
in  the  Parganah  of  Haweli  i  Il^dbdd,  generally  called  Chail,  the 
revenue  of  which  [villages]  amoimts  to  21891  rupees.  The  grant 
specifies  an  Altamgha  tenure  for  ever  fin^dm  i  altamghd,  na^alan  ba'da 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  7 

nasalin  o  ha(nan  ba^da  bafninj  without  ta^diq  o  yddditshtj  or  liability  of 
keeping  up  a  military  establishment.  Nor  is  the  income  liable  to 
future  taxation,  on  the  ground  that  the  revenue  of  the  villages  has 
increased.  All  taxes  are  remitted,  as  pesMash,  mdl,  jihdt,  faujddri  ; 
also  aayir  imposts,  as  qanalghah^*  muhaqqildnah^  ddroghd'nah,  zdhitdnah 
(surveying  taxes),  shikdr  o  bekdr  (?),  the  five  per  cent,  muqaddami, 
and  the  two  per  cent,  qdnungoi. 

The  date  of  the  grant  is  5th  Jumdda  II.,  of  the  26th  year, 
A.  H.  1199,  or  A.  D.  1784. 

On  the  back  of  the  grant,  the  following  fourteen  villages  are 
specified  : — 

1.     MahgdnWf  the  j^gir  of  Rajah  j^Lwa.  (?)  R  4  m. 

2 (name  not  legible),  an  altamghd  tenure  of  the  late 

Baqdullah  Khdn,  in  exchange  for  a  mauzd'  of  the  name  ;of  S[>^ 
K'hanwld. 

3.  ITatwd,  held  in  Altamghd  by  ....  Mumhi  %  Mmtaufl. 

4.  jK<wii/^iir,  the  jagir  of  the  late  Bahddur  'Ali    Kh^n. 

5.  Amraul,  in  the  name  of  Amiruddin  Khdn,  the  Diwani 
of  the  fubah  of  Il6habad. 

6.  Bhimrauli  (Jchdg) 

7.  Achharpiira  Sarauli, 

8.  Bargdnw, 

9.  BahrdmpiLr. 

10.  JBasond, 

11.  Bak'hhdhh  [or  Yak'hdlah  f?y\ 

12.  Jagdespur  Sobhd. 

13.  iVrti  Sardi, 

14.  Bluili. 

The  Surveyor  General's  Map  of  the  District  of  Allahabad  for 
1845,  contains  the  names  of  villages  Nos.  3,  4,  5,  G,  8,  10,  12,  14,  of 
which  Amraul  (5),  Basona  (10)  and  Jagdespur  (12)  lie  on  the  Jam- 
nah,  the  last  on  the  right  bank,  in  the  Parganah  of  Barah.  Tho 
other  villages  lie   north  and   north-west  of  Allahabad.      No.  7, 

•  I  do  not  know  tho  correct  pronunciation  of  tho  (Turkish)  word  AiJUj.  Ifc 
is  not  given  in  any  Dictionary  or  Glossary,  native  or  Eui-opoaii.  On  tho  fly  leaf 
of  one  of  my  MSS.  I  found  tho  remark  that  A*JUi  is  the  same  as  the  Hindi 
UxA»>,  coriander  seed.  Tho  tux  on  qanahjhah  is  mentioned  by  Abnl  Fazl  (Aid 
text,  p.  301)  aa  one  of  the  vc£atioas  taxes  which  Akbar  abolished. 


8  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [  Jait. 

AckharpuTy  may  correspond  to  the  l/lchar'pur  of  the  map.  For  No. 
13,  Nai  Saruiy  the  map  has  Sardi  Neem,  Instead  of  No.  9,  Bohr  dm" 
pur,  the  map  has  Ihrdhimpvr  and  Ihrdhimdhdd,  which  names  are 
often  interchanged. 

The  right  hand  corner  Sanad  is  adorned  with  a  black  seal,  contain- 
ing in  gold  the  name  of  Ahul  Muzaffar  Jalaluddin  Shiih  ^Alam  PddisMh 
i  Ghdziy  and  the  words  J^l  i-w  and  the  year  1173,  [A.  D.  1759], 
the  first  year  of  Shah 'A  lam's  reign.  The  seal  is  surrounded  by  an 
eccentric  circle,  and  the  space  between  the  two  circumferences  is  filled, 
up  by  fourteen  small  circles  each  conttiining  the  name  of  a  Timuride, 
from  Timurto  'Alamgfr  Pddishah,  son  of  Jahdnddr 
P  d  d  i  8  h  d  h.  To  the  left  of  the  seal  in  the  middle,  above  the  grant, 
the  name  of  the  reigning  P^dishdh  is  given  in  large  Tughrd  cha- 
racters ;  and  to  the  left  of  it,  in  the  left  hand  corner  of  the  paper,  tlie 
Sanad  itseK  commences  with  two  short  lines  according  to  custom  {vide 
Am  translation,  p.  263.)  The  reverse  of  the  Sanad  contains  a  large  ink 
seal  with  the  names  of  Jumlatulmulk  Maddrulmahdvi  IHirnddtidxlnulah 
^A^a^'dh  Burhdn  ul  muiky  Abulmangur  Khan  (Jafdnrjangy  ShujWuddcmlah, 
Najih  Khan  ^ Aqafuddnulah  Bahadur  Hizharjang,  Ydr  i  Wafdddr  Sipah- 
adldr  Mmtam  iHind,  Shdh  ^  Alam  Pddishdh  i  Ghdzi  ;  and  below  another 
ink  seal  containing  the  words  Khdnahzdd  Ehdn  BaJuidur  Fidwi  i  SJuih 
'Alam  Pddishdh  i  Ohdzi,  with  the  year  1188  [A.  D.  1774.] 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  Sanad  : — 

AT*  ^\j\sJt  aj^  J  \^y^  JjU.  oyj  L5^>^  ^ji  *^  «;*^j^J^  ^y* 
j\  c>^     ^*;]     (J^l^    ^i^J  ^^J  t>y  J    «X/AiikA    J  j\jA  ^^J  c^—Aj  ^yo 

cujlii'  jU^^  ^\y  ^l^j  j\.iSLe^^\fi  ^1^1  J  j\c^)i\y^  f^\j\^  ,  (princes) 

^i^ljtx^*Xftx)  f^^^^yj  j\jJ^]j  j\yd^l':>  ^'^y^j  l*^!  J^a^L>  J^^H)V^ 
li^li^  J  liXJla.  ^^j  «>jo  uJajj  cl**j  *^*J  ^t-s)  \j  dJo^9jjo  ^\yo  2$Ja.w^ 
f^jjS^  J  yj'y^i^  di^  J    (sic)   j^}  C»i'>^3*   3  iXJjIji  (j  l^T    ^J^ 

•  It  was  Akbar  who  cbaiij<ed  tho  uamo  Ildhdhas^  which  existed  before  his 
tiine«,  to  Jldlufbdd  ;  H»U  Badaoui,  II,  p.  176,  and  Mr.  Boames's  oditiou  of 
Elliot's  Glossary,  II,  262. 


1870.] 


Pr&e^in^s  of  the  AMiaiw  Society, 


I 

I 
I 

I 


J  i/^H^i  ^^^^  JSjtj    ^j^    lA*^*   1    r^!>^   ijj^9^^    iJi^*>-^j 

The  oxpresaion  <fz  panjmth  i  rahi*  i  hi  <»/,  *  from  five-sijctha  af  tlie 
month  of  Eabf  of  the  (Clia^titai)  yerti-of  the  Zoi  (dragon)*  is  unrlear 
to  me,  and  the  subatitutioa  of  the  cltiinay  tr^rlos  of  tho  Clxug:dt4i 
Era  for  Akbar*s  Era,  or  the  HijraU,  is  mir|:>ri8ing,  The  word  hkS^^ 
I  do  not  understand  ;  t^^  a  rnktuke  for  ^\  wit]jout  tho  nmdd,  and 
y^  is  a  qneer  spelling  for  j^  or  meruly  j^  taghir,  1  kuow 
nothing  aa  to  the  valiflity  of  tho  8unad. 

ni.^-A  THIRD  U8T  OF  Benoal  Ai-g.^»  deUfnmmd  hj  Di\  G.  v* 
M  a  r  t  e  n  t(^  Profiftsor  o/Baian^  in  SluU^ard, — mmmmiicaUd  thtQU^k 
Mi\  S.  K  u  r  z. 

The  following  is  a  contiiiuation  of  Pl'ofessor  t.  M  a  r  t  o  i*  s^  numer- 
ous dotorminatiotis  of  AlgsB,  which  I  coOeeted  in  the  counie  of  tho 
last  few  years  in  the  Bengal  Presidency,  on  tho  Andaman  islands,  lu 
Arracan,  and  in  Burma*  Two  listo,  containing  about  20  to  *25  speoieSf 
have  been  already  published  in  the  Botanical  Journal  **  Flora*  ^  for 
1 869.  In  submitting  this  third  series  of  determinations,  I  have  only 
t^  express  my  deep  obligations  to  Prof*  v.  Martens^  for  the  great 
iutorost  which  ho  had  taken  in  the  titudy  of  th©  Bengal  Algre,  and 
for  the  liberality  with  which  ho  has  placed  the  result  of  hia  exami- 
nation at  my  disposal. 

The  freshwater- Algs9  of  Bengal,  and  indeed  of  India  generally, 
are  aa  yet  viary  imporfoetly  known,  though  the  number  of  species  to 
be  met  with  everywhere  in  our  j heels,  tanks,  rivers,  &o,,  appears 
to  be  a  very  largo  one.  The  minuteaesa  of  many  forms,  the  oare 
necessary  in  tho  preparation  of  the  oolieoted  materiala,  and  eapeeiaily 
th*3  great  dilfioulty  which  is  experienced  in  tho  determination  of 
Fresh  water- Algso  in  a  dried  state,  seem  to  have  been  the  [irinoi- 
pal  uauiie  of  their  having  beea  almost  totally  uegieuted  by  Iiidiau 


10  Froceedifigs  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [J ait. 

botanists,  meanwhile  more  than  1000  species  of  Musci  and  Hepaticte 
have  become  known  from  British  India  alone.  With  regard  to 
Indian  seaweeds,  Prof.  v.  Martens'  work  "Die  Tange  der 
Freussischen  Expedition  nach  Ost-Asien,"  contains  almost  all  that 
is  known  about  them.  In  a  very  cursory  exploration  of  Bengal 
I  have  obtained  about  40  to  50  species  of  fi^osh-  and  brackwater- 
Algee,  but  this  number  is  only  a  fraction  of  what  really  can  bo 
found  in  a  country  like  Lower  Bengal,  in  the  flora  of  which  the 
richness  of  water  plants  is  the  most  characteristic  feature.  As  my 
researches  into  the  flora  of  the  cryptogamic  plants  of  Bengal,  and 
of  India  generally,  are  now  in  progress,  I  defer  for  a  future  op- 
portunity the  communication  to  the  Society  of  a  systematical  list, 
containing  all  that  is  known  of  Bengal  Algso. 

S.   KuKZ, 

81st  December,  1869. 

1. — From  the  Sikkim  Himalaya. 

1885.*  OsciUaria  interrupta^  Martens,  fllis  1/1000  lin.  crassis, 
laete  aerugineis,  distincte  articulatis  ;  articulis  diamotro  aequalibus 
ad  duplo  longioribus,  punctatis,  linea  hyalina  iutorruptis. — Oct.  1 868. 
Above  Senadah,  7100  feet. — Mixed  with  it  are  threads  of  Oacillarta 
antliaria,  Mart. 

1886.  Oscillarta  hreiisy  K  ii  t  z  i  n  g.— Oct.  1868,  Sinchul,  700O 
feet. 

1887.  Spirogyra  decimina^  Link. — Jellapahar,  7800  feet. 

1 888.  Zygnetna  imigne,  K  g.  =  Tyndarid^a  imignisy  H  a  s  s  a  1. — 
Between  Khersiong  and  Senadah,  6 — 7000  feet. 

1889.  Fae^A^rui,  without  fructiflcation  and,  therefore,  indeter- 
minable, 7000  feet. 

1890.  Scytonema  aureum,  Meneghini. — Near  Punkabai'ee, 
on  rocks,  1500—2000  feet. 

Ckroolepua  viliosum,  Kg. — Tongloo,  10,000  feet. 
2.     lYom  Lower  Bengal. 

1743.     Oscillaria  Jtdiana,  Men. — In  drains  at  Sealdah,  Calcutta. 

1 756.  Microcystis  aeruginosa^  K  g. — Forms  in  May  a  thin  superfi- 
cial layer  in  tanks  at  Sibpur  near  Howrah.  (Formerly  known 
only  from  Stuttgard,  where  I  detected  it  in  the  Royal  Gardens.) 

•  These  aod  the  consecutive  arc  the  current  onmbors  of  my  "  Cryptogamao 
cellularcs/'  now  amounting  to  more  than  2600.        (S.    K  u  a  z.) 


1870.] 


Knjinabfil  Lill>i.  wafi^rfjiH  near 


1757*     Spirog^ra  tiditnfa,  Tj  f  n  V. 
Saliibgunge. 

1763.  Jltjilrocohum  h^Urntfiihiim^  IC  g* — Matjltlium^Kasf^^ru  BnhAi'. 

1764.  Ch^ifttf/pfwra  Imiica^  Mart.,  globosa,  majuscula,  riri- 
dia  ;  fills  fliicciciis,  rejwtite  di<ihotomis,  elongatis,  apiiraiiifitis;  articu- 
lia  diametro  aoqulibas  vel  duplo  ad  qnadrnplum  Inngioribiis^  saopa 
obsoletis  ;  spertnatiis  globosis,  eeussilibus, — ^Forma  JVb/t^or*shaped 
ohoiuB  on  dead  braaehes  iu  rivuleta,  iitiur  BeMrinath,  Manbhiini. 

1789.  Sc^hHema paltnarumf  Mart.,  cespite  oompact«>  ex  virl- 
di  uinereo;  filis  parco  ram<3si»T  subdoxiinsis,  aoquicraftaU,  euin  vagina 
arota  1/22^5  ad  1/200  lin.  crassia,  lutt-Hjlis  vel  sorJide  virescentib^i?*, 
ba«i  hvalims ;  artit^tiliB  diametro  brevioribus,  distinctia,  j^anulatis, — 
Cabnitta^  Botanio  Garden,  betwenn  the  old  tihoaths  oo  tU«  Btoma 
oi  Phoenix  ftyhrafrh^  wlioroin  rain-Avater  is  iisaallj  accumulating. 

1794.  S^ngdra  JJhha^  Ehrenberg,  witli  single  throad*  of 
OseiUaria  auh/tisca,  V  a  u  c  b  e  r. — At  the  waterfall  near  MabftrAjpiirj 
Eajmabdl  hills. 

1804.     Se^ion^ma  tamfniamm^  Kg, — Calcutta  Botanic  Garden. 

1HH2.  Pahmt^lmi  Kurzmna^  Mart.,  gelatinosa,  late  oxpan^a, 
pbttme  lobota,  3  ad  6  lin.  crassa,  olivaceo — lutascens,    laovis,  wxati- 

tione  collabeas  nigidosa,  chartae  arete  adliaerena;  globuUs 
mimeroais,  ellipticta,  l/2oO  lin.  longis,  1/300  lin.  crassisi  iWm 
teniiissiniLs,  byalinis,  fioxuosis  iat43rtexti5. — Calcutta,  Botanic  Gar- 
don,  on  brick-laid  paths,  during  and,  especiallj,  towards  the  close 
of  the  rainy  season. 

1933  and  188«J.  Sptrogyra  nitidn^  Lk. — Northern  Bengal,  be- 
tween Kissengungu  and  Titalya*  frofpieut ;  also  at  Howrah,  &c. 

1893.  Zijgngomum  JimtjnUnati^  Mart.,  filis  paree  ramosia,  elon- 
gatis,  hjalini«,  articnlis  diametro  ( 1/150  ad  \/V2^  lin.)  4- ad  8- 
pluui  longioribus  ;  substantia  gouimira  in  globuloH  fuscos  biparti- 
ta  ;  spermatiis  globosis  1/80  lin*  crasais. — Xorthern  Bengal,  in  deep 
etagaant  waters  between  Silligoree  and  Titalya,  forming  larga  i 
rounded  greyish  cloudy  masses. 

1 894.  IJyphfothrix  inveHiettit   Mar  t.,   strato  effiiso,  Inride  oil- 
filis  intemis  diluto  aerugineis*    1   750   lin.   crassis,  obsok^te 

"^rtienlatis,  tiiniLisis,  pimctatis  ;  vaginis  rubespontibus,  opaeis,  arctic, 
l/oOO  lin.  craasis, — Northcru  Bengal,  between  Silligoree  ant]  Titalyu^ 
in  stagnant  waters,  forming  a  dense  covering  on  wator-plants. 


1 2  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [  Jak. 

More  or  less  intermixed  with  the  last  species  occiu'  Scytofiema 
cMorophaeum^  K g.,  /8.  tenuiw,  Mart.,  and  the  next  one. 

Allogonium  depressum,  Mart.,  fills  hyalinis,  articulis  diametro 
(1/450  lin.)  5-ad  G-plum  longioribus,  demum  partim  in  globuloa 
concatenatos  lutescentes,  margine  hyalinos  1/125  lin.  latos  et  1/180 
lin.  tantum  longos  intumescentibus. 

1932.  Fhormidium  oryzetarum,  Mart.,*  strato  membranaceo, 
tenui,  viridi ;  fills  tenerrimis,  parum  flexuosis,  aerugineis  ;  arti- 
culis obsoletis,  diametro  (1/1800  lin.)  brevioribus. — In  inundated 
rice  fields  in  Howrah  District,  Calcutta ;  floating. 

1934.  Spirogyra  elongata.  Kg.,  occurs  with  the  fopmer  and 
with  Oscillaria  Grateloupii,  B  o  r  y. 

1935.  Ulothrix  pectinalisy  Kg.,  in  stagnant  waters  and  tanks  in 
Howrah  district. 

1936.  Oscillaria  Kurziana,  Mart.,  strato  tenui,  saturate  viridi  ; 
fills  pulchre  aerugineis,  non  granulatis ;  articulis  diametro  (1/450 
lin.)  aequalibus,  geniculis  hyalinis  ;  apiculo  attenuate,  curvulo,  O. 
Cortianae,  P  o  1 1  i  n  i,  affinis. — Calcutta,  Botcmic  Garden,  in  shallow 
waters  of  the  flower-pots,  wherein  water-plants  are  cultivated,  as 
Crypiocaryne,  etc.,  also  occurring  with  Ndvicula  cryptocephalay  K  g. 

1937.  Cladophora  Roettleri,  K  g.,  Howrah,  Aug.  1869. 

1938.  Spirogyra  Eeeriana,  N  a  e  g  e  1  i,  Calcutta,  Aug.  1869. 

IV. — On  some  new  ob  ncPEEFECTLY  KNOWN  Indian  plants, — 
by ^'8.   K  u  r  z.  Esq  ,  (Abstract.) 

This  paper  contains  descriptions  of  26  new  species  belonging 
to  various  families,  chiefly  of  phanerogamic  plants.  Besides  that 
varied  and  very  important  information  is  given  regarding  other 
Indian  plants  which  were  up  to  this  imperfectly  known,  or  incorrectly 
identified. 

The  paper  is  accompanied  by  two  plates  ;  on  one  of  them  three 
figures  are  given  representing  the  distinctive  characteristics  in  the 
sheaths  of  Schizostachyum  hrachycladum,  2iollingeri  and  hngispiculatum^ 
considered  by  Col.  Munro  as  belonging  to  one  and  the  same  species, 
but  evidently  distinct.  On  the  other  plate  an  illustration  of  the 
interesting  Javanese  fern  Hemionitis  ZolUngeri,  K  u  r  z,   is  supplied. 

•  This  is  the  most  common  Alga  in  Lower  Bengal,  covering  in  large  spongy 
patches  the  ponds,  ricefields,  &c.,  and  adding  mnch  towards  a  natural  manure 
of  the  fields.    (S.   K  u  jk  z. 


1870,] 


JProuedin^i  of  ihn  Asiatic  Sncirff/, 


Id 


V. — List  of  bthds  obtatpted  m  tite  KriASUL  aitd  Noam  Oachab 
HILLS, — ^by  Major  II.  H.  G  o  d  w  i  n  -  A  u  6 1  o  n,  F.  B.  G*  8.,  De- 
puty Supdt.  Topograph.  Survey  of  India.     (Abstract,) 

In  this  list  Major  Godwin-Austen  enumerfttes  about  200 
species  from  the  above  named  hilla.  A  fnw  now  Rpocies  aro  de- 
ecribed,  and  very  valuable  information  is  recorded  of  many  which 
were  Bomewliat  imperfectly  known.  In  cases  where  rare  birds 
wore  obtained,  a  description  and  measurements,  taken  from  live 
speeimons,  were  submitted.  As  regards  the  geographical  distribu- 
tion of  Indian  birds,  the  list  must  be  looked  upon  as  a  very  interest- 
ing on,  for  the  whole  of  that  impoi-tant  Indo-Oliinose  province  is 
not  included  in  Dr.  J  e  r  d  o  n's  work,  thougli  the  names  of  the 
birds  are  mostly  noticed.  The  author  was  cautious  not  to  burden 
literature  with  new  names  unless  sufficiently  authenticated.  Ho 
has  grven  descriptions  of  several  species  which  he  considered  may 
be  new,  and  a  few  of  tliese  species  (as  a  Cypnelua^  Troch^ihpttsrun) 
will  be  described  by  Dr.    J  e  r  d  o  n. 

The  author  further  acknowledges  the  great  assistance  he  has 
received  from  Dr.  Jerdon  persoiially,  **  who  htis  named  many 
doubtful  species,  and  some  that  I — says  the  author^ — ^had  been  unable 

I  identify.** 

'TT, — Note  on  m^  Kjoickenmoddixgs  or  tub  Axdaalix  islakds, — 
by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka, 

On  my  recent  visit  to  Port  Blair,  I  was  informed  by  Mr.  Fr. 
Ad.  de  E  o  e  x>  s  t  o  r  f  f,  Extra  A^st.  Supdt.  at  Chatliam  island,  of  the 
existence  of  several  kitchen-middens  in  the  neigh bourh^iod  of  the 
settlement.  The  same  officer  also  shewed  me  a  great  ntunber  of 
shells  and  fragments  of  pottery  which  he  lately  obtained  from  one 
of  the  shell  mounds.  Being  personally  acquainted  with  the  numerous 
Kjokkenmoddings  on  the  Danish  coasts,  Mr.  Boepstorff  readily 
recognised  the  identity  of  VHith  these  formations  ;  mid  the  impor- 
tance of  their  being  subjected  to  a  carefid  search.  I  was  naturally 
very  desirous  to  examine  some  of  these  mounds,  but  as  my  stay  was ' 
to  be  only  a  veiy  short  one,  Mr.  Ttoepstorff  suggested  that  I 
[lould  visit  a  place  near  Chatham  island,  the  so  called  Hope  T*>wn, 
ad  very  kindly  offered  t43  aoeompany  me  to  the  exact  locality  whiuK 
he  had  previously  seen. 


14  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Jaw. 

Hope  Town  is  a  small  convict  settlement  in  a  shallow  bay,  north 
of  Chatham  island.  The  inner  edge  of  the  Bay  is  occupied  by  a 
mangrove  swamp,  and  in  the  eastern  corner  of  it,  we  met  with 
the  first  shell  mound,  just  behind  the  mangrove  swamp,  and  at 
the  bank  of  a  small  &esh  water  stream.  This  Kjokkenmodd- 
ing,  evidently  of  a  somewhat  round  circumference,  was  about 
60  feet  in  diameter,  and  some  12  feet  in  height,  but  nearly 
half  of  it  had  been  used  in  making  a  road  which  leads  close 
by.  This  was,,  in  some  respects,  welcome,  because  it  saved  a 
good  deal  of  digging. 

The  mound  in  itself  does  not  present  anything  extraordinary, 
it  is  a  simple  accumulation  of  shells  intermixed  with  a  great  num- 
ber of  bones  of  the  Andaman  pig,  Sue  Andemanemie,  fragments 
of  rude  pottery,  and  numerous  stones  varying  in  shape  and  size, 
— such  as  a  Kjokkenmodding  near  Copenhagen  or  any  other 
place  in  Denmark  can  be  observed.  A  few  large  trees  growing 
on  it  indicate  that  it  could  not  have  been  much  disturbed,  at  least 
during  the  last  two  or  three  decenniums. 

1.  We  examined  the  mound  all  round  and  dug  up  a  por- 
tion of  it,  in  order  to  see  what  kind  of  shells  prevail,  and  which 
of  them  principally  served  as  food  to  the  inhabitants.  The  most 
common  species  appeared  to  be  Trochm  NiloticuSy  Fteroceras  chi- 
ragra  and  lamhisy  Turho  (SenectueJ  articulatuSy  Murex  adustue  and  an- 
guliferue,  Nerita  albicilia,  polita,  Oeorgina  and  exuvia  ^c.  The  Neritte 
especially  were  very  numerous ;  and  the  last  two  are  mostly 
found  on  the  branches  and  roots  of  the  mangrove  vegetation  close 
by.  Among  the  first  named  Gastropods,  the  specimens  of  Trochun^ 
Pterocerasy  Murex  &c.,  &c.,  chiefly  were  of  very  large  size,  not 
many  were  half  grown.  Pelecypoda  (or  Bivalves),  as  Spondglus 
aurantiuSf  Area  acapha  and  fasciata,  Tridacna  gigae  and  equamosaj 
Capea  deflorata,  Paphia  gldbratay  &c.,  &c.,  are  not  uncommon,  but 
still  far  less  nimierous  than  the  Gastropods.  Of  Oetrea  crista 
galliy  Lam.,  a  species  of  quite  an  ancient  type  and  very  closely 
allied  to  the  Jurassic  0.  Marshii,  Sow.,  or  flahelloid^Sy  Lam.,  I 
have  also  obtained  several  valves,  and  this  is  one  of  the  very 
few  species  which  now  appears  to  be  rare  in  the  harbour,  for 
I  have  observed  scarcely  any  live  specimen  during  my  stay,   while 


1870.] 


ProoaedinffM  of  ih»  Asiatic  ^uvUt^* 


16 


at  the  Nioobars  I  found  it  to  be  oominoiu  Spondj^lwi  aui^antim 
ia  also  a  rare  shell  now.  All  the  other  species  of  MoUnsos  above 
eniuuerated,  and  many  others  not  particidarly  alluded  to>  nvmiT  in 
largo  quantities  on  tho  neighbouring  coral^reof^,  fi'oni  which  they 
evidently  were  obtained,  with  the  exoeption  of  the  Nt^itm  which, 
as  already  noted,  aro  generally  found  on  the  mangrove  vegetation. 
Of  land-ehelb  Cychphoms  folimettg  and  Spiraxts  HafiffMoni\  both 
extremely  common  in  tho  j  imgles  all  round,  were  also  numerou^s, 
and  evidently  formed  an  article  of  food. 

Looking  at  tho  eh  ell  faima,  there  is  no  diffcreneo  to  bo  observ- 
ed in  tho  size  of  tho  jspeirimens  found  in  tlm  KjiikkcnmiidiUiig  and 
those  at  present  occurring  near  the  islands.  The  Trochi  gene- 
rally have  ih^  top  part  of  the  shell  brt>ken  off,  tlie  specimens  of 
JHeroceraa  and  Mttrcx  me  broken  ou  tlie  biK k  uf  the  Ifu^t  whorl, 
where  the  shell  is  thin,  and  other  species  of  Gastropods  have 
been  treutod  in  a  similar,  or  slightly  different,  mamier^  in  oi-der 
to  facilitate  the  extraction  of  the  tleshy  portion  of  the  animal.  The 
valves  of  Pelecy^joda  are  simply  opened,  but  as  already  mentioned, 
they  are  not  e^pially  numerous.  Thi<.'k  shells  like  Iridnen^^  and 
othersi  like  Ostrem  and  SpondtfU  which  live  more  or  less  firmly 
attached  to  rocks  or  corals,  are  not  so  easily  obtained  as  Gastropofls ; 
and  if  obtaim^d,  the  valves  are  sometimes  oj>ened  only  with  the 
groateat  dillieidty  during  tlie  life  of  thn  animal.  Spec^iea  of  Pinna  for 
instance,  whlib  are  eanily  procured  and  posses  a  thin  sht*ll,  but  con- 
tain comparatively  very  little  fleshy  substance,  are  hardly  rc^presented 
in  the  mound  I  Tliis  shews  that  the  Andamanese  made,  if  possible,  a 
judicious  selection  fnjm  the  scanty  materials  available  for  their  table, 

2.  The  large  number  of  bones  of  the  Andaman  pig  is  remark- 
able. A  coniploto  skidl  obtained  from  the  mound  did  nut  exliibit 
any  difference  from  the  living  animal,  it  belonged  though  to  a 
very  small  but  not  a  young  specimen.  Heveral  of  the  thicker 
bones  which  contained  man'ow,  were  split  aud  broken  up  in  tho 
usual  manner,  as  has  been  the  practice  with  ancient  peuple  in 
EuiH)pe  and  elsewhere.  I  have  not  observed  any  other  kind  of 
bones  of  fishes  or  birds,  but  they  may  *>cc*ur. 

3.  Tho  iragments  of  pottery  are  of  a  ratber  thin  kind,  on  tlio 
BUiiac^e  roughly  grooved  or  striated,  and  indicate  by  their  form  that 


16  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Jan. 

they  were  derived  from  cup-shaped  vessels  of  a  very  simple  con- 
struction. The  scratches  or  grooves  on  both  the  inner  and  outer 
surfaces  are  very  dense,  crossing  each  other  irregularly ;  they  are 
mostly  straight,  and  have  apparently  been  made  by  an  obtuse 
point  of  a  shell  or  a  stone.  The  material  is  common  clay,  mixed 
with  a  little  sand*  and  very  imi)erfectly  moulded,  as  seen  by  the  irre- 
g^ar  fracture.  No  potter's  wheel  has  evidently  been  applied,  and 
the  vessels  were  not  burnt  but  only  baked  in  the  jsun.  On  a  few 
of  the  fragments,  which  appear  to  be  from  near  the  upper  peri- 
pherical  edge  of  the  pot,  a  few  curved  lines  are  to  be  observed,  but 
on  the  whole  they  are  very  rudely  and  irregidarly  executed. 

Kegarding  the  form  of  the  pottery  itself,  the  question  was  very 
soon  settled.  For,  on  visiting  on  the  subsequent  morning,  the  North 
Bay  with  the  object  of  examining  a  recently  made  settlement,  or  ra- 
ther a  small  camp,  of  the  Andamanese,  Mr.  Boepstorff  found  in 
the  jungle,  not  far  from  the  deserted  camp,  a  large  pot  which  must 
have  been  in  use  only  a  short  time  previous.  This  pot  is  of  a  sim- 
ple cup-form, f  rounded  below,  about  10  inches  high,  and  with  a 
diameter  of  about  1 1  inches  at  the  outer  margin.  The  thickness 
of  the  material  varies  from  J  to  i  of  an  inch ;  the  inner  and  outer 
surface  is  marked  with  irregular  grooves,  the  perpendicular  ones 
being  much  more  distant  than  the  horizontal.  Fragments  of  this 
pot  are  not  distinguishable  from  those  found  in  the  shell  mounds^ 
The  only  fire-place  near  the  camp  was  indicated  by  a  few  scattered 
stones,  rather  inconvenient  for  such  a  kind  of  cooking  pot ! 

It  is  not  even  certain,  whether  this  rude  kind  of  pottery  is 
generally  used  by  the  Andamanese,  for  I  have  been  informed  that 
in  some  parts  of  the  island  their  only  cooking  utensils  are  large 
specimens  of  Turbo  marmoratus^  valves  of  I^idacna  gigas  and  others. 

In  submitting  the  -ude  fragments  of  pottery,  previously  men- 
tionedjv  to  an  archaeologist  in  Europe,  no  one  would  long  hesitate 
in  referring  them  to  the  stone  age,  at  least  to  the  neolithic  period ; 
for,  indeed,  they  are  almost  identical  with  the  fragments  of  pottery 
found  in  the  Danish  kitchen  middens^  though  here  fragments  of 
pottery  are  comparatively  very  rare. 

•  Derived  from  the  decomposition  of  tertiary  sandstone. 

t  That  no  improvement  in  this  very  simple  kind  of  pottery  has  taken  phu3e 
is  remarkable,  for  the  Nicobarese  are  well  known  to  possess  good  pottery,  car- 
rying on  a  regular  trade  with  it  between  their  different  islands. 


1 8  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Socicft/.  [  Jak« 

hardly  be  regarded  as  sufficient  for  killing  the  Andamaneso  pig,  as 
already  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Theobald,  a  few  years  ago.*  For  this 
purpose,  more  effective  implements  of  iron,  such  as  the  inhabitants 
use  at  the  present  date,  must,  no  doubt,  have  been  employed  for 
some  little  time  past. 

To  the  east  of  Port  Mouat,  there  is  an  extensive  Gabbro  forma- 
tion, and  in  this  nests  of  hornstone  occur.  It  is  probable  that  from 
this,  and  similar  other  localities,  the  chert  chips  were  obtained, 
which  Mr.  Theobald/"/,  cit.)  quotes  oa  having  been  found  by  Goh 
Haughton  in  an  Andamanese  camp.  It  is  only  natural  that  the 
aborigines  did  their  best  to  procure  a  better  material  than  the  sand- 
stone which  is  the  prevalent  formation.  South  of  Port  Mouat, 
a  small  patch  of  a  metamorphic  rock  occurs,  and  as  some  beds  of 
it  are  rather  quarzose  and  hard,  they  very  likely  did  not  remain 
imnoticed  by  the  aborigines.  Further  examinations  of  the  Kjok- 
kenmiiddings  will,  no  doubt,  prove  successful  in  this  respect. 

Mr.  Roepstorff  informs  me,  that  especially  at  Port  Mouat 
there  are  in  several  places  very  extensive  shell  mounds,  all  in  similar 
situations  to  the  one  I  have  described.  In  fact  they  are  scarcely  any- 
where wanting  near  the  sea  shore,  where  there  is  a  situablo  locality, 
with  a  supply  of  fresh  water  and  with  a  coral-reef  not  far  distant, 
from  which  shells  can  be  obtained.  Some  of  the  mounds  are  still 
in  process  of  increasing ;  for  the  Andamanese  always  return  after  a 
certain  time  to  the  same  locality,  and  generally  stoj)  as  long  as 
the  sui>ply  of  shells  and  jungle  fruits  lasts  ;  they  do  not  ax)pear  to 
bo  very  proficient  in  fishing,  at  least  as  far  as  one  can  judge  from 
the  population  near  Port  Blair. 

Viewing  the  occuiTence  of  these  Kjokkenmoddings  in  the  light  of 
what  we  already  know  of  the  very  low  state  of  civilization  of  the 
Andamanese,  there  could  scarcely  be  anything  very  remarkable 
about  tliem.  They  shew  us  that  an  aboriginal  populationf  was,  or 
still  is,  very  largely  subsiding  on  Molluscs  whicli  are  either  collected 
on  the  coral-reefs  or  in  the  jungles ;  that  the  people  hunt  down 
the  pig — the  only  large  mammal  probably  to  be  found, — extract 
the  marrow  from  the  bones,  employ  stone   axes   and  other  stone 

•  Vide  Journal,  Asiatio  Society,  1802,  p.  326. 

t  Short  people  with  oval  skulls,  roundish  face,  uot  peculiarly  promiQent 
eyebrows,  with  hairs  growing  in  small  tufts,  &o.,  &c. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  ths  Asiatic  Society.  19 

implements  as  their  daily  utensils,  that  they  make  a  kind  of  coarse 
pottery,  not  burning  but  only  drying  the  same  in  the  sun,  that  they 
do  not  appear  to  be  acquainted  with  any  sort  of  grain  or  other  kind 
of  cereals,  &c. — However,  when  we  come  to  compare  these  few  simple 
facts  with  what  we  know  of  the  Kjokkenmoddings  of  other  parts 
of  the  world,  they  become  of  an  intense  interest.  We  could  almost 
verbally  repeat  the  same  as  the  results  of  the  many  successful 
examinations  of  the  Danish  and  other  shell-mounds  by  Steenstrup, 
Worsaae,  Sir  J.  Lubbocfc,  Sir  Ch.  Lyell  and  many  others.  In 
Europe,  especially  in  Denmark,  some  parts  of  Scotland,  &c.,  we  look 
upon  the  kitchen-middens  as  the  pro-historic  remains  of  an  ancient 
population  which  has  entirely  disappeared ;  here  we  have  exactly 
similar  mounds  formed  by  a  population  which  still  vigorously 
strives  for  its  existence  with  the  foreigner.  It  is  only  natural  to 
expect,  therefore,  that  a  study  of  the  latter  will  supply  the  most 
reliable  data  in  comparing  the  two  thoroughly  allied  formations, 
and  that  thus  the  archcoologist  may  greatly  profit  from  the  researches 
of  the  historian. 

I  cannot,  however,  venture  to  enter  now  upon  this  large  field  of 
inquiry  with  the  very  scanty  materials  at  my  disposal,  but  I  may 
bo  allowed  to  indicate,  at  least,  a  few  points  which  will  shew  how 
valuable  a  thorough  examination  of  the  Kjokkenmoddings  on  the 
Andaman,  and  other  similarly  situated  islands,  can  become  for  the 
study  of  European  Archaoology,  and  at  the  same  time  increase  our 
knowledge  of  the  physical  changes  of  the  islands  themselves. 

The  kitchen-middens  are  always  situated  close  to  the  sea  shore. 
The  occurrence  of  them  far  inland  would  indicate  that  some  terrestrial 
changes  in  the  islands  have  taken  place.  Mr.  K  u  r  z  in  his  report 
on  the  Andamans,  (selection  of  the  Bengal  Government  1868),  drew 
the  conclusion  from  the  occurrence  of  some  purely  terrestrial  trees  in 
what  is  now  a  mangrove  swamp,  that  the  islands  are  in  a  sinking 
state.  But  from  the  account  which  he  gives  of  several  conglo- 
merate banks  on  the  western  side  of  the  islands,  it  is  clear  that  the 
beach  must  have  been  locally  raised.  On  some  of  the  Nicobar 
islands,  considerable  upheavoments  along  the  sea-shore  have  taken 
place,  as  indicated  by  comparatively  recently-formed  strata  high 
above   the  present  sea  level ;  and  it  is  very  probable  that  on  the 


20  Proee4fdingfi  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Jan. 

AndamaiiB  oscillatory  inovoiiiouts  of  the  j^^rouiul  have  takuu 
place  similar  to  those  known  from  other  parts  of  the  Bengal  Bay. 
It  would  be  interesting  to  see  whether  and  how  far  these  changes 
afifected  the  i>opulation,  the  history  of  wliich  we  have  very  probably 
to  decipher  from  the  few  remains,  (such  as  the  Kjokkenmoddings) 
which  we  find  on  the  islands,  for  there  is,  I  am  afraid,  no  chance 
of  the  discovery  of  many  other  kinds  of  Andamanese  libraries  ! 

Of  no  smaller  interest  will  the  examination  of  the  mounds  be 
with  regard  to  the  fauna  of  the  islands  at  large.  Perhaps  the  occur- 
rence of  other  larger  mammalia,  than  the  pig,  may  be  indicated.  I 
have  already  stated  that  Ostrea  crista  galU  and  Pectwiadus  aurantius 
appear  to  be  at  present  rare  in  localities,  where  those  sj^ecies  soem 
to  have  been  common  at  no  distant  time ;  the  demand  for  the 
Andamanese  table  evidently  seems  to  have  interfered  with  their 
natural  increase.  A  complete  series  of  the  shells  occurring  in  the 
mounds, — some  of  which  are,  no  doubt,  of  great  antiquity, — ^maj 
shew  similar  changes,  as  those  known  from  the  Baltic  coast,  whore 
Littorina  littorea  and  Cardium  edtUe  never  reach  now  the  size  which 
they  did,  when,  thousands  of  years  ago,  the  ancient  population  lived 
npon  them. 

Again,  much  has  been  written  for  and  against  the  cannibal- 
ism of  the  Andamanese,  but  direct  evidence  is  in  every  ccwe 
wanting.  They  are  reported  as  the  wildest  cannibals  by  some 
of  the  oldest  Arab  merchants,*  who  had  notice  of  them,  while 
the  Nicobarese  (on  the  Londjebalous  islands)  are  represented  as  a 
quiet  people,  who  approach  the  foreigners'  ship  in  small  canoes,  and 
are  anxious  to  exchange  ambergris  and  cocoa-nuts  for  iron. — If  we 
find  in  the  Kjokkenmoddings  hiunan  bones  intermixed  with  those  of 
other  animals,  and  treated  in  a  similar  manner  as  these,  we  may  be 
pei-uiitted  to  say  that  the  Andamanese  were,  at  one  time,  or  are  up 
to  tliis  date,  cannibals.  In  the  Danish  Kjokkenmoddings  researches 
in  this  respect  were  unsuccessful.  In  fact  the  occurrence  of  human 
bones  is  there  of  an  extreme  rarity,  only  a  few  skulls  which  are  be- 
lieved to  be  contemporaneous  wdth  the  shell-mounds  having  as  yet 
been  discovered. 

•  G^ographie  d*Abonlfeda,  &c. &c.,  par M.  Reinand,  T,  p.  CDXIV.  The 
antlior  states  that  the  Andamaneso  have  no  canoes  j  for  if  they  had  any  they 
would  eat  up  all  the  people  inhabiting  the  neighbouring  ialands. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  21 

The  customs  now  prevalent  among  the  Andamaneso  islanders, 
may  help  us  to  explain  this  scarcity  of  human  bones  during  the 
stone-age  in  Europe.  The  reverence  paid  by  the  Andamanese  to 
the  dead  seems  to  be  the  only  expression  which  apj)roaches  to  any- 
thing like  a  religious  view.  In  case  of  death  the  body  is  buried,  and 
after  a  year  or  so  dug  out,  and  the  bones  are  divided  among  the  near- 
est relations.  If  a  married  man,  the  widow,  or  one  of  the  children, 
receives  the  skull,  which  is  painted  over  with  red  earth  and  carried 
about  in  a  net  work,  tied  with  strings  round  the  waist  or  neck.  For 
this  reason  it  is  very  difficult  to  procure  a  perfect  skeleton,  and  we 
can  hardly  expect  to  obtain  human  remains  of  their  own  tribe  in  the 
mounds. — It  is  just  possible  that  similar  customs  may  have  pre- 
vailed during  ancient  times  in  Europe,  for  here  the  occurrence  of 
human  bones  with  implements  and  other  remains  is  known  to  be 
always  of  extreme  rarity. 

The  Nicobarese,  (or  Najbdrs,  as  they  are  called  by  the  most 
ancient  Muhammadan  travellers,  vide  Jour.  Asiat.  Soc,  Bengal, 
V,  p.  467),  treat  their  dead  in  a  very  similar  manner,  but  whether 
they  brought  this  custom  with  them  when  they  spread  over  the 
Nicobar  islands,  or  whether  they  accepted  it  from  the  aboriginal 
islanders  which  they  seem  to  have  nearly  exterminated,  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  prove.  I  don't  think  there  can  be  a  doubt  that  the  present 
Nicobarese  are  descendants  of  the  Malays,  and  they  certainly 
must  have  immigrated  before  the  Muhammadan  creed  was  spread 
over  the  neighbouring  islands,  which  took  place  in  Sumatra  as 
well  as  in  Malacca,  &c.  &c.,  before  the  close  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury.* But  a  comparison  of  the  present  very  deficient  social  state 
of  the  Nicobarese  with  the  advanced  political  and  social  airange- 
ments  of  the  Malays  on  Simiatra,  &c.  &c.,  during  the  1 1th  and  12th 
centuries  indicates  that  their  separation  is  very  probably  of  a  much 
older  date.  The  study  of  the  languages!  ^^  those  different  insular 
tribes  is  probably  best  adapted  in  approximately  deciphering  the 
data,  and  I  only  allude  to  them  here  because  the  immigration  of 
the  Malay  Nicobarese  appears  to  have  had  a  great  influence 
upon  the  Andamanese  themselves. 

•  Vide  R  e  i  n  a  n  d  *  8  G^raph.  d'Aboulfoda,  I,  p.  CDXXII  jMarsden'e 
History  of  Samatra,  p.  344,  &o.,  &o. 

t  Mr.  Blochmann  iDforms  mo  that  he  has  not  been  able  to  find  any  dis- 
tinct admixture  of  Arabic  words  in  the  Nicobarese  langaage,  jadging  of  course 
from  the  very  imperfect  vocabularies  we  possess  of  it. 


22  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Jan. 

We  know  from  a  few  scanty  historical  records  that  tlio  Ni(?o- 
barese  were  eager  to  exchange  iron  for  their  own  produce,  and  as  their 
wars  with  the  Andamanese  are  also  alluded  to,  we  are  perhaps  en- 
titled to  suijpose,  that  the  latter  obtained  their  scanty  iron  imple- 
ments from  the  fonner.  The  introduction  of  iron  on  the  Andamans 
seems,  therefore,  to  be  comparatively  recent,  and  iron  implements  are 
even  now  scarce  among  the  aborigines.  It  is  in  fact  not  known  whe- 
ther the  use  of  iron  has  become  general  among  all  the  people  who 
inhabit  the  diflPi?rent  islands  of  the  Andaman  group.  The  parts  to  tlie 
west  of  Port  Mouat  are  said  to  be  populated  by  particularly  wild 
triljes,  which  live  almost  entirely  secluded  from  the  rest,  and  do 
not  allow  even  the  eastern  Andamanese  to  approach  their  homes. 
Tile  examination  of  the  Kjokkenmoddings  may  also  contribute 
soiuetliing  towards  the  knowledge  of  the  time  at  which  the  Anda- 
manese became  acquainted  with  iron,  though  it  is,  as  already 
alluded  to,  not  very  probable  that  many  remains  of  this  metal  will  be 
found.  However,  it  may  be  shewn  whether  the  people  ever  attempt- 
ed to  supply  its  wants  by  the  extraction  of  any  other  metal,  or 
whether  the  introduction  of  iron  has  followed  immediately  the 
stone-age. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  remark  that  the  Andamanese  seem  to 
be  only  a  x)ortion  of  a  large  aboriginal  j^opulation,  which  a2)pa- 
rently  inhabited  the  entire  tract  of  the  islands  from  the  most 
northern  point  of  the  Andamans  through  the  Nicobars  down  to 
Sumatra  and  other  neighbouring  islands. 

Tlie  accounts  which  we  have  (from  Marsdon's  History  of 
Sumatra,  and  other  works  (m  the  subject)  of  the  true  al>origines  of  the 
southern  islands  appear  to  be  in  many  respects  also  applicable  to  the 
Andamanese.  The  officers  of  the  Danish  Corvette  **  Qalatoa"  in  1847, 
tell  us,  that  an  aboriginal  tribe  inhabits  the  interior  of  Great  Nicobar. 
The  people  of  tliis  tribe  are  spoken  of  by  the  Malay  Nicobarose 
as  perfect  savages  of  a  peculiar  dark  complexion.  It  is  by  no 
means  improbalde  that  these  are  the  brethren  of  the  Andamanese, 
for  we  do  not  need  to  be  6nr2)nsed  in  not  finding  tra(:es  of  the  same 
aborigines  on  the  Northern  Nicobar  islands.  These  are  mostly  very 
narrow  and  tlieir  interior  to  a  very  largo  extent  deprived  of 
forest.     Wliether  forest  trees  in  these  parts  did  exist,  or  not,  seems 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Aaiafic  Society,  23 

problematic.  I  should  be  very  mueli  inclined  to  believe  that  these 
northern  islands  were  formerly,  in  spite  of  the  poor  soil,  covered  with 
a  forest  jungle,  in  a  similar  manner,  as  parts  of  them  are  up  to  the 
present  date.  When  staying  for  a  few  hours*  in  the  Nangeouri 
haven,  I  visited  a  place  of  Camorta  on  the  western  side  of  the 
harbour,  where  near  a  small  deserted  building,  a  piece  of  ground 
about  a  mile  long  had  evidently  been  years  ago  cleared,  the  forest 
having  been  burnt  down.  Scarcely  a  single  sound  tree  was  growing 
on  the  place,  but  the  whole  was  thickly  covered  with  the  same  kind 
of  rough  Cjrperaceous  grass,  which  almost  solely  occupies  the  in- 
terior portions  of  the  northern  island.  Looking  at  this  state  of 
things  the  idea,  that  the  jungles  on  the  northern  islands  may  have 
oeen  burnt  down  at  a  time,  when  the  immigration  of  the  Malay 
Nicobarese  took  place,  in  order  to  exterminate  the  aboriginal  popula- 
tion, does  not  appear  to  be  without  foundation. 

The  President  said  the  thanks  of  the  meeting  were  due  to  Dr. 
Stoliczka  for  his  paper.  It  was  a  very  fitting  pendant  to  the 
paper  of  Sir  A.  P  h  a  y  r  e  which  had  just  been  read.  That  brought 
under  notice  a  phase  of  an  antique  civilization,  which  had  long 
passed  away  ;  this  dwelt  upon  the  features  of  a  primitive  civilization, 
which  was  still  in  existence ;  for  kitchen  middens,  undistinguishable 
in  character  from  those  of  Europe,  also  appeared  to  be  still  growing 
under  Nicobarese  habits  of  life.  There  could  be  no  inference  of 
identity  of  race  here.  It  was  to  be  hoped  that  the  acquirements 
and  mode  of  living  of  the  Nicobarese  and  Andamauese  would  be 
well  studied  and  recorded  before  their  present  primitive  condition 
should  be  altered  under  English  influences. 

•  In  October,  1869,  Steamer  Scotia,  Capt.  J.  Avern- 


24  Proceedings  of  the  Astatic  Soviet  if.  [Jan. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  the 
last  meeting  in  De<-omber  1869. 

*ii*  Names  of  Donors  in  Capitals. 

Presentations, 

Journal  Asiatique,  Nos.  51,  52. — The  Asiatic  Society  of  Paris. 

Proceedings  of  the  Eoyal  Society,  No.  114. — The  Eoyal  Sogis- 
TY  of  London. 

Tlie  Journal  of  the  Linnean  Society,  Zk)ology,  Nos.  41,42. — ^TnB 
LiNNEAN  Society  of  London. 

Bulletin  du  Comitd  Agricole  et  Industriel  de  la  Coohinchine, 
tome  second,  Numoro  4. — The  Committee  of  Agriculture  and 
Industry  of  Cochincuina. 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  No.  81. — Thk 
American  Piiilosopiiic^vl  Society. 

Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  Vol.  XHI. — 

The  same. 

Report  of  the  British  Association,  1867, — The  British  Associa- 
tion. 

Journal  of  the  American  Oriental  Society,  Vol.  IX,  No.  1, — ^Thb 
A^ierican  Oriental  Society. 

Zoitschrift  der  Deutschen  Morgenlrondischen  Gesollschaft,  Baud 
XXin,  Heft.  3. — The  Germ^vn  Orient.u.  Society. 

Rough  Notes  on  Indian  Oology  and  Ornithology,  by  A.  Hume, 
Part  I ;  Raptores. — The  Author. 

Notes  on  the  Land  shells  of  the  Seychelles  Islamls,  by  G.  Nevill. 
— The  Author. 

Observations  on  the  Geology  of  Allaska,  by  W.  H.  Dall. — The 
Author. 

The  Calcutta  Journal  of  Medicine,  Vol.  II. — The  Editor. 

Professional  Papers  on  Indian  Engineering,  No.  2.3. — The  Editor. 

General  Report  on  the  Operations  of  the  Great  Trigonometrical 
Sur\'ey  of  India,  1868-69.— The  Superintendent  G.  T.  Survey. 

Report  on  Public  Instruction  in  Ooorg,  18GH-69. — The  Govern- 
ment OF  Bengal. 

Ri4M>rt  (HI  tlio  Revenue  Survey  Operations  of  the  Lower  Pro- 
vinces, 1807-08. — The  same. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  25 

Report  of  the  Administration  of  the  North  Western  Provinces, 
1868-69. — The  Government  N.  W.  Peovinces. 

Selections  from  the  Eecords  of  GK)vemment,  North  Western  Pro- 
vinces, No.  6. — The  same. 

AVarren's  K6la  Sankalitd. — The  Government  of  Madras. 

Lettre  d'Abgar,  ou  histoire  de  la  conversion  des  E'desseens,  par 
Laboubnia,  traduite  sur  la  version  Armenienne  du  Vme.  Siecle. — J. 

AVDALL. 

Purchase, 
Eevue  des  Deux  Mondes,  1st  Sept.  to  1st  Nov. — The  North 
British  Eeview ;  Oct.  1869.— The  Edinburgh  Review,  Oct.  1869.— 
The  Quarterly  Review,  Oct.  1 869. — The  Westminster  Review,  Oct. 
1869. — Revue  et  Mogasin  de  Zoologie,  Nos.  8  and  9. — Revue  Arch- 
eologique,  Nos.  9  and  10. — The  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural 
History,  Nos.  22  to  24.— Revue  Linguistique,  Oct.  1869.— The 
Quarterly  Journal  of  Science,  Oct.  1869. — The  American  Journal 
of  Science,  No.  142. — The  London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philo- 
sophical Magazine,  Nos.  254  to  256. — The  Journal  of  the  Chemi- 
cal Society,  July  to  Sept.  1869. — Journal  des  Savants,  Aug.  to 
Oct.  1869. — Comptes  Rondus,  Nos.  7  to  17. — Hewitson's  Exotic 
Butterflies,  parts  71  and  72. — Bohtlingk  and  Roth's  Sanscrit  Wor- 
terbuch,  41  part. — Gould's  Birds,  Suppt.  part  5. — Simson's  India 
Nos.  7  to  9. — Maury's  Physical  Geography  of  the  Sea. — Muir's 
Sanscrit  Texts,  Vol.  I. — Commentar  iiber  das  Avesta,  von  F.  Spie- 
gel, Vol.  I. — Nature,  Nos.  1  to  5. 

Exchange. 
The  Athenaoum  for  Sept.  1869. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THB 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

For  Februaby,  1870. 


The  Annual  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday,   the 
2nd  of  February,  1870,  at  9  o'clock  p.  m. 
On  the  proposition  of  Mr.  H.  F.  Blanford, 
Dr.  S.  B.  Partridge  was  voted  to  take  the  chedr. 

Annual  Eeport. 

The  Council  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal,  in  submitting  their 
annual  report  for  the  year  ending  31st  December,  1869,  are  glad 
to  be  able  to  congratulate  the  Society  on  its  increasing  prosperity, 
both  as  regards  the  accession  of  new  members  and  the  improved 
nature  of  its  finances. 

There  have  been  in  the  course  of  the  year  51  ordinary  members 
elected,  a  larger  number  than  that  of  any  previous  year.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  Society  has  to  deplore  the  loss  of  7  ordinary  mem- 
bers by  death,  25  members  retired,  and  the  names  of  four  were 
removed  from  the  list,  for  non-compliance  with  the  rules  of  the 
Society.  This  shews  a  total  loss  of  36,  and  leaves  a  net  increase 
of  15  members. 

The  number  of  ordinary  members  at  the  close  of  the  year  was 
442,  of  which  304  were  paying  and  138  absent  members.  In  both 
there  has  been  a  slight  increase,  as  compared  with  the  past  year, 
1868,  namely,  10  on  the  paying  and  5  on  the  absent  list. 


28  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Feb. 

The  Council  also  satisfactorily  observe  that  the  total  number  of 
ordinary  members  has  also  steadily  increased  for  the  last  ten 
years,  as  shewn  in  the  subjoined  table : 


I860  

Paying, 

195  

225  

229  

276  . . . . 

288  

267  . . . . 

293  . . . . 

307  . . . . 

294  . . . . 

304  

Ahsent, 
47  

ntai. 

242 

18G1   

55  

280 

1862  

....  82  

311 

1863  

79  

355 

1864  ... 

.  92  

380 

1865  

109  

376 

1866  

.  94  

S87 

1867  .... 

.,..109  

416 

1868  . . . 

....  133  . ..  . 

427 

1869  ... 

138  

442 

The  ordinary  members  the  death  of  which  the  Coimcil  regret 
to  announce  are — Lieut. -Col.  C.  D.  Newmarch,  E.  E  ;  Clu  Ae.  Old- 
ham, Esq.  ;  J.  B.  Nelson,  Esq.  ;  J.  G.  Hicks,  Esq.  ;  Eajah  Satya- 
sar&na  Ghoshala,  0.  S.  I.  ;  Bdbu  Saradapra^&da  Mukerje,  and  the 
Eev.  M.  D.  C.  Walters. 

The  healthy  condition  of  the  Society  is  further  shewn  by  the  mark- 
ed improvement  in  its  finances.  The  income  of  the  x)ast  year  has  ex- 
ceeded the  estimate  by  1208  Rupees,  and  in  efiecting  a  saving  in 
the  items  of  estimated  expenditure  wherever  it  appeared  advisable 
to  do  it,  the  Council  has  now  the  pleasure  to  state  that  all  the  debts 
of  the  Society  have  been  paid,  and  that  a  balance  of  2,438  Bupees 
was  still  left  to  the  credit  of  the  Society  at  the  end  of  the  year ;  the 
reserved  fund  of  the  Society  remaining  the  same,  2000  Bupees,  as 
in  the  previous  year.  At  the  same  time  there  is  the  very  large 
amount  of  Rupees  8,966  still  outstanding  for  unpaid  subscriptions 
and  sales  of  publications,  chiefly  to  members. 

The  Council  have  further  the  satisfaction  to  announce  the  comple- 
tion of  the  zxxviiith  volume  of  the  Journal  and  one  volume  of  the 
Proceedings.  In  addition  to  these,  the  January  Proceedings  for  the 
current  year  have  been  issued,  and  the  first  numbers  of  both  parts  of 
the  Journal  for  1870  are  considerably  advanced  in  the  press. 

Museum, 

In  November  1868  formal  sanction  was  given  to  the  transfer  of 
the  Society's  Natural  History  and  ArchaK>logical  collections  to  the 


1870.] 


5^  the  Asiatic  Softei^. 


charge  of  the  Truatees  of  the  Indian  Museum  ;  and  the  donationa 
reoeived  by  the  Society  in  those  Departments  during  the  year  have, 
aa  ujsually,  been  handed  over  to  the  same  trubteos*  A  detailed 
statement  uf  these  donations  has  been  published  in  the  December 
Proceedings  of  the  past  year. 

Com  Cabinet, 

The  collection  of  coins  has  received  an  increase  of  4  wlY&t  and  37 
copper  coins  all  which  were  presented  to  the  Society. 

Lihary, 

During  the  year,  750  volnmea  or  parts  of  volumes  have  been 
added  to  the  libraiy.  Among  the  preBentations  of  publications,  the 
Council  would  specially  mention  those  from  the  Vienna  Academy 
of  Science,  amounting  to  more  than  100  volumeSj  a  large  portion  of 
them  relating  to  nieteorological  study ;  from  the  Christiania  Univer- 
sity, and  many  other  pubHc  Institutions  and  Societies  considerable 
additions  have  also  been  received.  Of  Sanskrit  and  other  MSS. 
36  have  been  presented  to  the  Society,  a  series  of  844  MSS.  has 
been  p\irchasod  by  B^bu  EdjendrtdiUa  Mitra,  and  1  Persian  M8S. 
has  been  exchanged. 

At  the  suggestion  of  the  library  t*ommittee,  a  eub-conimittoe  of 
five  members  was  appointed  fcjr  the  purpose  of  revising  tlie  present 
Catalogue  of  the  Libraiy*  This  work  is  now  in  progress,  and  the 
Goundl  hop©  that  they  may  be  able  to  rexwrt  the  completion  of 
this  revision  to  the  Society  at  an  early  date.  A  Maulavi  has  been 
hitely  appointed  to  check  the  catalogue  of  the  Persian  MSS,,  and 
a  Paiidita  to  check  the  Sanskrit  MSS.  of  the  Society.  These 
arrangements  when  completi*d|  will  markedly  increase  the  accessibi* 
lity  uiid  consequent  usefulness  of  our  library. 

A  list  of  the  ^Societies  and  other  Institutions  from  which  publica- 
tions have  been  received  in  exchange  for  those  of  the  Society,  has 
been  added  further  on.  The  number  of  corresponding  Societies  is 
a  compai'atively  ^mall  one,  but  the  Council  conlidently  hope  that, 
as  soon  as  the  catalogue  of  the  library  will  be  completed^  it  may 
considerably  be  LucreiLso<l,  inasmuch  as  the  interest  in  the  publica- 
tions  of  the  Society  is  rapidly  advancing. 

These  extend  o\er  neurly  1000  pages,  with  a4  plutes,  and  sever- 


30  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Feb. 

al  illustrations  printed  in  tho  text.  The  general  classification 
of  our  publications,  introduced  in  1865,  proved  to  be  a  marked 
success,  and  has  greatly  facilitated  their  accessibility  to  members 
and  other  men  of  science. 

Eleven  numbers  of  the  Proceedings  were  issued,  extending  over 
336  pages  with  7  plates.  Of  Part  I  of  the  Journal  (Philology 
&c.)  224  pages  illustrated  by  4  plates  have  been  published 
in  four  quarterly  numbers,  and  of  Part  11,  (Natural  Science  &c.) 
278  pages  and  23  plates  also  in  four  quarterly  numbers.  Each  part 
has  been  separately  paged  and  sui^plied  with  an  index  &c. 

In  addition  to  these  127  pages,  and  a  few  tabular  statements  of 
records  of  Meteorological  observations  have  been  issued,  quarterly, 
with  tlie  numbers  of  Part  II. 

Owing  to  the  increased  bulk  of  the  monthly  Proceedings,  the 
Council  have  decided  to  raise  the  price  of  the  same,  fixing  the  ft-nniiftl 
subscription  at  4  Rupees,  and  the  price  of  each  number  at  8  annas. 

The  income  from  the  sale  of  the  publications  has  exceeded  the 
estimate  by  400  Rupees. 

Bihliotheca  Indica. 

During  1869,  twenty-three  fasciculi  have  been  issued  of  Oriental 
Works,  viz.  14  Persian,  and  9  Sanscrit. 

A.     Persian  Works, 

Of  Persian  works  the  MuntahhahuitawariJch  by  Baddoni,  and 
tlie  Sikandarndmah  i  Bahri  by  Nizdmi  have  been  completed.  The 
former  work  was  commenced  in  18G4,  and  consist*  of  three  vo- 
lumes, the  first  of  which  contains  the  history  of  Sabuktigin  to 
Humdyun,  the  second  volume  contains  the  history  of  the  first  41 
yeai-3  of  the  Emperor  Akbar  ;  and  the  third  volume  contains  bio- 
graphical notices  of  poets,  learned  men,  saints,  &c.,  that  lived  in 
the  10th  century  of  the  Hijra.  Maulawf  Agha  Ahmad  'Ali,  the 
editor  of  this  valuable  history,  has  added  a  short  introduction  on  the 
life  and  writings  of  the  author. 

Of  the  latter  work,  the  Sikandarndmah  i  Bahri,  the  first  fasciculus 
had  been  issued  by  Dr.  Sprenger  as  far  back  as  1842  imder  the 
title  of  Khiradndmah  i  Sikandari.  The  second  and  completing  fasci- 
culus has  been  edited  by  Maulawi  Aghd  Ahmad  'Ali,  whose  valu- 
able Essay  on  the  life  and  works  of  Nizdim',  and  the  History  of  the 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  31 

Masnawi  of  the  Persians  will  shortly  be  issued  as  an  Introduction 
to  this  work. 

Oftlie  Persian  works  in  progress,  Maulawis  Kabi'ruddin  and 
Ghuldm  Qddir,  of  the  Madi'asah,  have  edited  8  octavo  fasc.  of 
Khdfi  Elh^n's  History,  entitled  Muntakhahul  Lubdb,  and  Mr.  H. 
Blochmann  has  edited  four  Quarto  Fasc.  of  his  critical  text  of  the 
Ahi  i  Akhari,  Of  the  English  translation  of  the  Am  two  fasciculi 
were  issued  in  the  course  of  last  year. 

The  Council  also  have  received  Introductory  Notes,  and  Indexes 
of  Names  and  Places,  to  the  ^ Alamgirndmah  and  Pddishdhndmah,  by 
Maulawis  'Abdul  Hai  and  'Abdurrahim  of  the  Madrasah.  These 
indexes  are  now  printing,  and  will  greatly  add  to  the  value  of  the 
texts. 

B.     Sanscrit   Works, 

The  most  important  event  the  Council  has  to  record  in  con- 
nexion with  this  department  of  the  Society,  is  the  grant  by  Govern- 
ment of  Eupees  3000  per  annum  for  the  publication  of  Sanskrit 
works.  On  receipt  of  the  orders  on  the  subject,  the  Philological 
Committee  submitted,  in  May  last,  a  report  recommending  the 
publication  of  several  works  of  great  value,  and  measiures  have 
since  been  taken  to  carry  out  their  recommendation. 

In  the  Sanskrit  series.  Pandit  Anandachandra  Veddntavdgisa  has 
completed  his  edition  of  the  Grihya  Sutra  of  Asval^yana  and  pub- 
lished two  fasciculi  of  the  Tdndya  Brdhmana.  Professor  Mahesa- 
chandra  Ny^yaratna  has  issued  one  fasciculus  each  of  the  Sanhita 
of  the  Black  Yajur  Veda,  and  of  the  Mimdnsd  Barsana  of  Jaimani 
with  the  commentary  of  Sdvara  Svdmi,  and  Babu  E^jendraldla 
Mitra  has  brought  out  two  Nos.  of  the  Taittiriya  Aranyaka  of  the 
Yajur  Veda.  The  Tdndya  Brdhmana  was  undertaken  in  May  last 
on  the  recommendation  of  the  Philological  Committee.  It  is  the 
largest  and  most  important  Brdhmana  of  the  Sdma  Veda,  and  con- 
tains the  earliest  speculations  on  the  origin,  nature  and  purport  of 
a  number  of  Hindu  sacrifices,  rites  and  ceremonies,  interspersed 
with  a  variety  of  anecdotes  of  great  interest.  The  book  is  divided 
into  twenty-five  chapters,  the  first  three  of  which  have  been  publish- 
ed in  two  fasciculi.  The  Grihya  Sutra  is  a  manual  of  rules  and 
directions  for  the  performance  of  domestic  rites   and  >- 


32  Proceedings  of  the  Aaiatic  Society.  [Feb. 

cording  to  the  ordinance  of  the  Rig  Veda,  The  text  is  explained 
by  a  running  commentary  by  Gdrgandriyana,  and  the  editor  has 
appended  to  it  an  elaborate  Index  to  the  Sutras,  alphabetically  ar- 
ranged. A  short  preface  in  Sanskrit  describes  the  MSS.  used 
in  preparing  the  text  for  the  press.  Of  the  Mimansd  about  one 
half  has  been  printed,  and  the  forthcoming  fasciculus  will  complete 
the  first  volume.  Protracted  illness  has  prevented  B4ba  B6jen- 
dralala  Mitra  from  completing  his  edition  of  the  Tattiriya  Brdh' 
mana  and  the  Aranyaka,  The  texts  have,  however,  all  been  printed 
and  the  necessary  indexes  and  prefaces,  ready  in  manuscript, 
will,  it  is  hoped,  be  published  in  course  of  the  current  year. 

Considerable  i^rogress  has  likewise  been  made  in  the  collection 
of  MSS,  and  the  collation  of  texts  for  the  publication  of  several 
new  works.  Professor  Eamamaya  Tarkaratna  has  compiled  an 
edition  of  the  Nrisinh^i  Tapani  with  the  commentary  of  Sankara 
Acharyyay  after  careful  collation  of  live  diiferent  codices  ;.  and  Pan- 
dita  Haramohim  Yidyabhushana  has  prepared  a  text  of  the  Oopdla 
Tapani  with  the  commentary  of  Isaiayana  after  a  comparison  of 
seven  diflerent  MSS.  Carefully  collated  texts  of  the  Agni  JPurd" 
nay  the  GopatJta  Brahmana  of  tlie  Atharva  Veda,  the  Taittiriya  Pra- 
tis.ikhya,  and  the  Gohhila  and  the  Ldtyayana  Sutras  of  the  S&ma 
Veda  have  also  been  prepared  and  will  immediately  be  sent  to 
press.  Of  the  two  Tdipanis  several  sheets  have  already  been 
printed. 

In  February  last  the  Government  of  Bengal  requested  the  Socie- 
ty to  undertake  the  ta^k  of  collecting  information  regarding  Sans- 
krit MSS.,  extant  in  the  country,  and  the  scheme  thereupon  sug- 
gested by  the  Philological  Committee  was  finally  sanctioned  on  the 
23rd  of  June  followiug.  Owing,  however,  to  certain  unavoidable 
difficulties,  no  steps  weretaken  to  cany  out  the  scheme  until  the  be- 
ginning of  September  when  a  pandita  was  deputed  to  report  on  the 
Library  of  the  Raj  4  of  Krishnagar.  The  pandita  has  since  submitted 
returns  of  540  MSS.  not  included  in  the  Society's  collection.  B&bu 
Bdjendral^a  Mitra,  during  his  late  sojourn  in  Benares,  has  also 
examined  several  private  collections,  containing  altogether  upwards 
of  six  thousand  MSS.,  from  which  he  obtained  tlie  loan  of  some 
works  to  be  copied  for  Government.  His  notes  of  rare  works  in  those 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  33 

collections  are  now  in  the  press,  and  will  comprise  notices  of  about 
250  MSS. 

Of  works  commenced  during  1869,  the  Council  have  to  mention 
the  Ruhaiydt  i  *  Umar  i  Khayydm,  and  an  English  Translation  of  the 
Veddnta  Sutra  by  Professor  Banerjea.  The  first  fasciculi  of  these 
works  are  shortly  expected.  Mr.  Beames  has  commenced  the  colla- 
tion of  his  MSS.  of  Chand's  Epic. 

The  following  is  a  detailed  list  of  the  works  published  during  1 869. 
Works  completed  in  1869. 
Persian, 

The  Muntdkhdh  ut  Tawdrikh  by  'Ahdul  Qddir  ihn  i  Muluk  Shuh  i 
Baddoniy  edited  by  Maulawi  Aghd  Ahmad  'Ali,  No.  161,  Ease.  V, 
Vol.  in ;  New  Series. 

The  Sikandam&rtiah  i  Bahri  by  Nizdmi,  edited  by  Maulawf  Aghd 
Ahmad  'Ali,  No.  171,  Ease.  II;  N.  S. 

Sanscrit, 

The  Taittiriya  Aranyaka  of  the  Black  Tajur  Veda,  with  the  Com- 
mentary of  Sdyandch>ryay  edited  by  B^bu  Bijendralala  Mitra,  No. 
159,  169,  Ease.  Vn  and  Yin ;  N.  S. 

2.  The  Grihya  Sutra  of  Asvaldyana  with  the  commentary  of  Gdr- 
gya  Ndrdyana,  edited  by  Anandachandra  Veddntavagisa,  No.  164, 
Ease.  IV ;  N.  S. 

Works  in  progress, 
Persian. 

The  Muntdkhdh  ul  Lububy  by  Khdfi  Khan,  edited  by  Maulawis  Kabir- 
uddin  Ahmad  and  Ghulam  Qddir,  Nos.  155,  156,  160,  165,  166,  167, 
172,  173,  Ease.  V  toXJI;  N.  8. 

The  A'in  i  Akbari  by  Abul  Fazl  %  Mubdrik  *  ^Alldmi,  edited  by 
H.  Blochmann,  M.  A.,  Nos.  157, 162,  168,  176,  Ease.  VII  to  X ;  N.  8. 

The  Ain  %  Akbari,  English  Translation,  by  H.  Blochmann,  M.  A. 
Nos.  158  and  163,  Ease.  II  andlH;  N.  S. 

Sanscrit, 

The  Mimdnsd  Barsana  with  the  Commentary  of  Sjvara  Svomi, 
edited  by  Pandita  Moheshachandra  Nydyaratna,  Nos.  154,  174, 
Ease.  VII  and  Vni;   N.  8. 

The  Tdndya  Brdhmana  with  the  Commentary  of  Sdyandchdrya, 
edited  by  A'nandachandra  Vedfintavigisa,  Nos.  170,  175,  177, 
Ease.  I,  n,  ni;  N.  8. 


34 


Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society. 


[Feb. 


Tho  Sanhitd  of  the  Black  Yajur  Veda  icith  the  Comtnentary  of  Md- 
dhavdchdrya^  edited  by  Mahosachandra  Nydyaratiia,  No.  221,  Fasc. 
XXn;  Old  8eries. 

Finance. 

Owing  to  the  financial  difficulties,  brought  to  the  notice  of  the 
Society  at  the  last  annual  meeting,  the  Council  at  the  beginning 
of  1869  again  carefully  discussed  the  several  items  of  income, 
and  were  desii'ous  not  only  to  keep  the  expenditure  within  the 
estimated  limits,  but  to  effect  if  possible  a  saving  in  order  to  meet 
the  heavy  debt. 

The  following  is  a  comparative  statement  of  income  and  expen- 
diture. 

Income. 


Heads, 


Estimate.     Actual, 


Admission  fees, . . . 
Subscriptions,    .  . . 

Journal, 

Secretary's  Ofiice, 

Tjibrary, 

Coin  Fimd,    

Building,    


1200 
9200 


1632 
9180 


1200     : 

1636 

0 

8 

300 

752 

50 

0 

0 

0 

12,000       13,208* 


Expenditure. 


mads. 

Estimate, 

Actual, 

5000  Rs. 

2000    „ 

3200    „ 

300    „ 

800    „ 

700    „ 

For  1809. 

For  previous  yrs. 

Journal,   , 

3107  Its. 

2354    „ 

2039     „ 

0000 
097    „ 
428     „ 

3673  Rs. 

Secretary's  Office,   . . 
Ijibriii'v. 

238    „ 
600     „ 

Coin  Fund, 

Building, 

000 
000 

Miscellaneous,     

000 

Total,   .. 

12000  Es. 

8715  Rs. 

4511   Rs. 

Grand  Total,    .. 

12000  lis. 

13* 

226  Rs. 

*  To  this  has  to  bo  udded  the  flouting  balauco  at  thu  uud  of  18G8,  being  2,334 
liupooB. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  AHatio  Society,  35 

The  above  statements  shew  that  almost  in  every  instance  the 
expectations  of  the  Conncil  have  been  realized,  and  that  moreover 
the  actual  income  exceeded  the  total  estimate  by  1208  Bupees. 
This  excess  together  with  the  balance  of  2334  Rupees  to  the  credit 
of  the  Society  at  the  end  of  1868  and  the  savings  effected  during  the 
year  enabled  the  Council  to  pay  off  all  the  outstandings  of  previous 
years  ;  and  besides  that  to  retain  a  balance  of  2438  rupees  in  order 
to  cover  the  expenditure,  incurred  on  accoimt  of  the  past  year,  1869. 

Wherever  the  actual  expenditure  has  exceeded  the  estimate,  it 
was  always  done  by  a  special  recommendation  of  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee, and  subsequent  order  of  the  Council.  The  monthly  reports 
of  the  Council,  as  recorded  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Society,  shew 
the  various  instances  in  which  the  Council  deemed  it  necessary  to 
incur  a  greater  expenditure  than  that  estimated  for.  The  hea- 
viest outlay  is  that  under  the  head  of  the  Journal,  but  is  owing  to 
the  large  amount  paid  on  account  of  previous  years*  publications. 
The  next  excess  is  that  in  the  Secretary's  Office,  and  this  is  due  to 
the  new  arrangement  for  the  bi-monthly  despatch  of  the  Society's 
publications  to  Europe,  the  increase  of  pay  granted  to  the  cashier, 
find  the  appointment  of  additional  officers  on  the  establishment  for 
the  purpose  of  checking  the  catalogues  of  MSS,  The  following  is 
an  abstract  of  accounts  for  the  year. 

Income.  Rs,  As.  F. 

Admission  fees,   1632     0  0 

Subscriptions, 9180  12  0 

Journal,   1636     9  6 

Secretajy's  Office, 8  13  6 

Library,   752     6  0 

Vested  Fund, 110     0  0 

General  Establishments,   1     6  0 

Coin  Fund, 0     0  0 

Orient.  Publ.  Fund, 429     9  9 

Messrs.  Williams  and  Norgate,    1061     7  0 

Museum  Catalogues, 395  13  4 

Carried  over,  £s.     152( 


S6  ProcMdinffs  of  thf  Asiatic  Society,  [Feb. 

Brought  forward,  Rs.     15208  13  1 

MiBcellaneous, 15  11  0 

Sundries, 540     4  9 

15,764  12  10 

Balance  of  1868.     In  the  Bank  of  Bengal, 2261   10  9 

Cash  in  hand, 92     9  7 

Es.  18,119     1  2 
Expenditure. 

Rs,   A9.  P. 

Subscription,   129     0  0 

Journal,    6870     7  6 

Secretary's  Office,   2463  13  8 

Library,   2328  12  6 

Vested  Fund, 0     4  4 

Coin  Fund, 0     0  0 

Building, 697  12  0 

Orient.  Publ.  Fund,    79     3  0 

Messrs.  Williams  and  Norgate,   1481     5  6 

Conservation  of  Sanscrit  MSS.,   ^       458  10  6 

Zoological  Garden,     12     0  0 

Catalogue  of  Persian  MSS., 30     0  0 

Miscellaneous, 416     5  3 

Sundries, 713     6  7 

15,681     0  10 

Balance  In  the  Bank  of  Bengal : 

Dr.  Muir's, 898  10  0 

As.  Society's,  ....      1411     4  7 

Cash  in  hand, 128     1  9 


Es.  18,119     1     2 
By  the  death  of  several  Members  outstandings  to  the  amount  of 
448  Rs.  have  to  be  written  off. 

The  following  will  shew  the  Financial  position  of  the  Society  : 

Canh  Assets.       Outstandings,      Gross  Assets,      Liabilities^ 
1869  4,438  8,960  13,404  3,205 


1870.]                    Proceedings  of  the  Aaiatie  Society,  37 

The  following  is  their  Budget  for  the  coming  year  : — 

Income. 

Rs.  As.  P. 

Admission  fees, 1200     0  0 

Subscriptions, 9000  0  0 

Publications,   1200  0  0 

Library,    600  0  0 

Coin  Fund, 0  0  0 

Building, , 0  0  0 

Secretary's  OflBice,   0  0  0 


12000  0  0 
Expenditure. 

Re,  As.  P. 

Publications, 5000  0  0 

Library,    2700  0  0 

Coin  Fund,     300  0  0 

Building, 800  0  0 

Secretary's  Office,    3200  0  0 


12000     0     0 


Officers. 

The  general  duties  of  the  Secretary,  including  the  publication  of 
the  Proceedings,  during  the  year  have  been  carried  on  by  Professor 
Blochmann  and  Dr.  Stoliczka.  The  Philological  part  of  the 
Journal  was  edited  by  Mr.  Blochmann  and  the  Natural  History 
by  Dr.  Stoliczka.  Colonel  Gastrell  carried  on  the  duties  of 
financial  Secretary  until  September,  when  on  his  leaving  Calcutta 
Colonel  Hyde  kindly  offered  to  accept  the  onerous  duties  of  the 
Treasurer  and  retained  the  charge  of  the  same  to  the  end  of  the 
year. 

The  Council  favourably  record  their  satisfaction  with  the  services 
of  the  Assistant  Secretary,  Bdbu  Prat^pachandra  Ghosha,  B.  A., 
and  the  Assistant  Librarian  B&bu  Money  Lall  Bysack,  who  have 
been  assiduous  in  the  performance  of  their  duties. 


38  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Fbb. 

It  was  proposed  by  Mr.  H.  F.  Blanford  and  seconded  by  Mr.  D. 
Waldie  that  the  report  as  read  be  adopted. — Carried  unanimously. 

The  balloting  lists  of  officers  and  members  of  the  Council  of  the 
Society,  as  recommended  by  the  Coimcil,  liaving  been  submitted  the 
Chairman  proposed,  and  it  was  agreed  to  that  Mr.  H.  F.  Blanford 
and  Mr.  D.  Waldie  act  as  scrutineers. 

The  Chairman  next  submitted  the  accounts  of  the  Society  for  the 
past  year,  and  proposed  that  Sir  Eichard  Temple  and  Mr.  D.  Waldie 
be  requested  to  act  as  auditors. — Carried. 

The  ballot  having  been  taken  the  scrutineers  reported  that  the  fol- 
lowing gentlemen  have  been  elected  officers  and  members  of  the 
Council  of  the  Society  for  the  ensuing  year. 

President. 
The  Hon'blo  J.  B.  Phear. 

Vice-Presidents. 

Thomas  Oldham,  LL.  D.         |  J.  Faj-ror,  M.  D.,  C.  S.  I. 
B&bu  B&jendr£d&la  Mitra. 

Treasurer  and  Secretaries. 

Lieut.  Col.  H.  Hyde,  R.  E.  (Financial  Department). 
n.  Blochmann,  M.  A.,  (Philological  Department). 
F.  Stoliczka,  Ph.  D.,  (Natural  history  Department). 

Members  of  CounciL 


The  Hon*ble  J.  B.  Phear. 

Thomas  Oldham,  LL.  D. 

J.  Fayror,  M.  D.,  C.  S.  I. 
V      Bfibu  RAjondralfila  Mitra. 
1         S.  B.  Partridge,  M.  D. 
j         The  Hon'ble  J.  P.  Norman. 

Lieut.  Col.  H.  Hyde,  R.  R 


J.  Ewart,  M.  D. 
The  Hon'ble  W.  Markby. 
Col.  H.  Thuillier,  R.  E. 
Babu  Devondra  Mallik. 
C.  H.  Tawney,  M.  A. 
H.  F.  Blanford,  A.R.S.M. 
H.  Blochmann,  M.  A. 


F.  Stoliczka,  Ph.  D. 


List  of  Societies  and  other  Institutions  with  which  exchanges 
of  x>ubli(:ations  have  been  made  during  1869. 


1870.]  ProceedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  39 

Batayia : — Societe  des  sciences  des  Indes  Nederland6se8. 

Berlin  : — Royal  Academy. 

Bombay  : — Asiatic  Society. 

Boston : — Natural  History  Society. 

Bordeaux  : — Bordeaux  Academy. 

Brussels  : — Scientific  Society. 

Cherbourgh  : — Societe  Imperiale  des  Sciences  Naturelles. 

Calcutta  : — Agric.  and  Hortic.  Society  of  India. 

: — Tattvavodhini  SabM. 

: — Geol.  Surv.  of  India. 

Christiania : — University. 
Dacca  : — Dacca  News  and  Planters'  Journal. 
Dera : — Great  Trigonometrical  Survey. 
Dublin  : — Royal  Irish  Academy. 

: — ^Natural  History  Society. 

Edinburgh  : — Royal  Society. 
Germany  : — Oriental  Society. 
Lahore : — Agricultural  Society  of  Punjab. 
London  : — Royal  Society. 

Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland* 

— Royal  Institution. 

— Royal  Geographical  Society. 
■Museum  of  Practical  Geology. 
-Zoological  Society. 

— Statistical  Society. 

— Geological  Society. 

— ^Linnean  Society. 

— ^AthensBum. 

— Anthropological  Society. 
Lyon : — Agricultural  Society. 
Madras  : — Government  Central  Museum. 
Manchester : — Literary  and  Philosophical  Society. 
Munich : — Imperial  Academy. 
Netherlands  : — Royal  Society. 

New  York : — Commissioners  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Paris  : — Ethnographical  Society. 
: — Geographical  Society. 


40  Procrfidlnffs  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Pkb. 

Paris : — ^Asiatic  Society. 

St.  Petorsburgli : — Imperial  Acjadomy  of  Science. 
Vienna  : — Imperial  Academy  ol'  Science. 
Wasliington  : — Smitlisonian  Institution. 


Tlie  chainnan  tlien  road  the  following  brief  address  of  the  Presi- 
dent, Dr.  TliomaH  Oldham,  who  liar?  boon  called  away  from  the 
presidency  town  by  important  official  duties. 


ADDRESS  OF  TIIE  PRESIDENT. 


Gentlemkn  of  the  Asiatic  Society, 

The  necessity  of  attendinj]^  to  impoi'tant  professional 
duties,  at  a  distri nee  from  Calcuttn,  will.  I  reprret  to  say,  prevent  my 
havnag  the  pleasure  of  being  with  you  at  tho  annual  meeting  of  your 
Society.  I  do  not,  however,  wi.sh  that  anniversary  to  pass,  without 
a  few  words  of  congi'atulation,  and  of  farewell,  [dthough  I  cannot 
deliver  them  to  you  personnlly. 

It  was  my  duty  to  point  out  to  j-ou  at  tho  last  anniversary  meet- 
ing, that  from  the  state  of  the  finances  of  the  Society,  your  Council 
had  been  compelled  to  insist  upon  the  necessity  for  curtailing,  in 
every  possible  way,  tho  expenditure  of  the  So<"iety.  It  was  even 
serioiisly  in  contemplation  to  suspoud  the  publication  of  tho  Journal 
of  tho  Society,  until  the  finances  had  recovered.  But,  it  was  de- 
termined that  every  offoi*t  should  be  made  in  other  directions,  before 
this  last  act,  amoiinting  almost,  as  we  thouf»;ht,  to  the  extinction  of 
tho  Society,  should  bo  resorted  to.  We  felt  strongly  also,  that  if 
the  Society  had  failed  to  command  tho  siii)])Oi-t  of  tho.'^e  interested  in 
natural  history  and  philological  enquiries,  the  cause  of  that  failure 
must  be  sought  in  tho  action  of  the  Stniety  itself,  and  must  not  bo 
presumed  to  arise  from  anj-  absence  of  an  intelligent  appreciation  of 
tho  value  or  im^wrtanco  of  such  enquiries.  This  view  I  endeavoured 
to  impress  uixm  you  in  my  brief  address  of  last  3*ear.  And  I  rcgoiee  to 
^Jldnk  that  the  same  views  havo  guided  the  management  of  your  So- 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  41 

ciety  during  the  past  year.  In  brief,  we  felt  that  to  be  successful,  the 
Society  must  be  useful ;  and  that  to  be  useful,  it  must  adopt  very 
much  the  same  principles  of  action  which  alone  are  known  to 
succeed  in  other  associations.  Among  the  most  important  of  these, 
pimctuality  in  all  the  arrangements  of  the  Society  appeared  to 
gtand  first.  Punctuality  in  judgment,  pimctuality  in  accounts, 
pimctuality  in  publications. 

I  need  not  hero  insist  on  the  fact,  that  without  a  sufficient 
income,  no  Society  can  carry  out  its  operations.  And  when,  as  in 
the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal,  the  sole  source  of  such  income  is  the 
volimtary  contributions  of  its  members,  it  was  of  the  very  first 
importance  that  these  contributions  should  be  promptly  available 
for  the  objects  to  which  they  were  to  bo  applied.  Our  first  efforts 
were,  therefore,  directed  to  endeavouring  to  bring  in  all  outstanding 
claims  of  this  kind,  and  to  establishr  a  system  of  more  regular,  and 
prompt  collections,  and  payment.  The  result  has  been  that  your 
Council  are  able  to  report  to  you,  that  we  have  during  the  year 
1869,  received  of  arrears  of  previous  years  on  all  accounts  Rs. 
2,681-5-0.  But  we  must  still  point  to  the  fact,  that  in  a  similar 
way,  on  all  accounts  there  was  at  the  close  of  the  year  1869,  no 
less  than  Es.  8,966,  still  due  to  the  Society. 

More  than  two-thirds  of  this  large  sum  is  made  up  of  the 
admission  fees,  and  annual  contributions  of  members !  And  I 
cannot  avoid  again  ui'ging  upon  the  members  of  the  Society,  that 
it  is  not  possible  for  the  Council  of  the  Society,  to  carry  into 
practice  their  ardent  wishes  to  render  the  Society  effective,  and  to 
do  this  punctually  and  quickly,  unless  they  are  supported  by  the 
members  at  lai-ge.  The  fact  of  their  becoming  members,  I  assume 
to  be  sufficient  proof  of  their  appreciation  of  the  advantages  to  be 
gained  from  such  association  ;  but  if  this  membership  brings  with 
it  privileges,  it  also  creates  duties,  and  the  obligation  to  fulfil  their 
part  of  the  contract  by  paying  regularly  the  contributions,  whic 
as  members  they  have  agreed  to  pay,  is  not  the  least  of  these. 

During  the  year  just  passed,  there  have  been  elections  of  51  mem- 
bers. Against  this  wo  have  lost  from  various  causes,  36,  leaving  an 
actual  addition  to  the  list  of  15  members ;  the  total  at  close  of  1869 
being  442,  as  against  427,  at  close  of  1868.     But  so  far  as  income  is 


44  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatie  Society.    .  [Feb- 

tf>  a  l)()()k  or  a  daily  or  weekly  or  even  monthly  journal,  no  matter 
what  its  special  subject  might  be,  if  they  found  that,  instead  of 
appearing  at  the  appointed  time  it  came  at  long  and  irregular 
inten'als,  the  issue  of  January  say,  appearing  in  December !  And 
it  is  equally  so  w^th  the  Journal  of  your  Society  ;  unless  it  appears 
regularly  and  at  stated  intt^rvals,  it  will  unavoidably  cease  to  excite 
any  interest  in  the  subscribers. 

Gentlemen,  no  one  save  those  who  have  actually  tried  the  ex- 
periment, can  realize  the  difficulty,  and  the  labour  involved  in  the 
regular  issue   of  su(rh   a  publication  in  this  country.     And   if  I 
speak   strongly  of  the   obligations  the  Society  is  under   to   ita 
Secretaries    for  this  result,    and   for    the   regular    issue  of  your 
Journal   and  Proceedings,  I  do  so,  because  I  can  speak  from  per- 
sonal  and  intimate  knowledge  of  the   exertions  it   has  necessi- 
tated, and  of  the  time  which  has  boon,  in  the  midst  of  other  and 
pressing  duties,  devoted  to  it.     That  this  regularity  in  issue  is  ajH 
preciated,    I  have  had   during   the   year  many    very   gratifying^ 
proofs,  and  only  a  short  time  since,  an  old   and  very  valued   con- 
tributor to  the  Journal,  and  member  of  the   Society,  in  Europe, 
acknowledging  the  receiirt  of  some  parts  of  the  Journal  which  were 
wanting  to  comi)lote  his  series  of  some  years  since,    says  with  ear- 
nestness :     "  As  to  1868,  I  am  now  able  to  go  to  the  Binder  with 
everything  for  tlie  year  complete,    long  before  the  close  of  1869, 
whi(;h  for  the  Journal  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  is  wonderful ! !" 
I  can  only  express   an  earnest  hope   that  the   Secretaries  may  be 
enabled  to  maintain  this  regularity  of  issue,    convinced  that  the 
members  will  duly   appreciate   the  importance  of  their  exertions. 
I  would  even  venture  to  suggest  that  by  alternating  the  appearance 
of  the  different  numbers,  tliese  advantages  would  be  even  more  fully 
secured.     If  the  members,  taking  4  numbers  of  each   part   as   the 
regular  issue  for  the  year,  or  eight  in  all,  1  of  Part  I,   wore  to   ap- 
pear say  in   Februarj',  April,  July  and  October,  and   the   numbers 
of  Pnrt   IT,    in   March,    June,     September,     and   December,    the 
members  would  have  a   number  of  the  Journal  every  six  weeks  or 
two  months.     Such  a  systematic  issue,  could  only  be  maintained  by 
having  tho  X)riuting  and  illustrations  of  the  Journal  prepared  some 
time  before  tho   date   of  issue.     But  with  tlie  large   number  of 


1870.] 


Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society. 


45 


valuable  papers  wbich  are  now  coming  to  the  Society,  there  will  be 
no  difficulty  in  this. 

I  alluded  last  year  to  certain  olyections  wliich  had  been  made  to 
the  present  division  of  the  Journal,  according  to  the  subject  matter 
of  the  papers  published,  and  endeavoured  to  shew,  that  this 
appeared  to  me  a  question  which  nothing  but  experience  could 
answer.  I  think  now  we  can  come  to  a  definite  conclusion  in  the 
matter.  There  has  been  no  difficulty  finding  good  original  matter 
for  both  of  the  divisions,  and  a  full  number  of  Journals  have  been 
issued,  while  the  fact  regarding  the  sale  of  these  numbers  are 
sufficient  in  my  opinion  to  prove  how  fully  the  public;  appreciate 
the  division.  The  returns  of  sales  shew  the  following  numerical 
residt : — 


Year. 

Subscrib- 
ed 
volumes. 

Double 
numbers. 

Double 
numbers 
of  previ- 
ous years. 

tart  I, 

numbers 

of  current 

year. 

Part  II, 

numbers, 
curr.year. 

Double 
numbers, 
curr.year. 

1860 

71 

13 

1861 

69 

15 

1862 

68 

15 

1863 

70 

30 

1864 

67 

34 

Division  of  Journal  was  introduced. 

till 

1865 

108 

45 

2 

3 

1 

1866 

113 

15 

0 

5 

3 

1867 

80 

37 

36 

95 

3 

1868 

77 

38 

30 

64 

1 

1869 

77 

30 

46 

81 

1 

This  tabular  statement  shews  that  the  applications  for  the 
Journal,  were  in  1860  only  13,  in  1864,  34,  in  1865,  the  first  year 
after  the  division  was  introduced  51,  and  in  1868,  133  and  for 
last  year  158.  Now,  not  only  does  this  satisfactorily  shew  the  in- 
creasing value  attached  to  your  Journal  in  this  country,  but  the 
separate  sales  of  the  separate  parts,  shew,  I  think,  very  conclu- 
sively that  a  considerable  proportion  of  this  increase  of  demand  has 


46  Proceedings  of  the  AsuUie  Society .  [Feb. 

arisen  from  tho  increased  facilities  afforded  by  the  division  of  the 
subjects  treated  of,  to  all  who  are  more  especially  interested  in 
one  branch  of  enquiry  rather  than  another. 

Similar  favorable  reports  of  the  sale  of  our  Journal  reach  ns  £roni 
our  agents  at  home,  though  wo  have  not  as  yet  receiTod  detailed 
statements  of  tho  separate  applications. 

I  would  also  ask  attention  to  the  fact  that  daring  the  last  few 
years,  much  more  has  l)een  given  to  the  members  than  hitherto, 
while  to  tlie  public  tlie  cost  has  been  considerably  reduced. 

Whatever  doubts  therefore  I  have  had  as  to  the  practicability 
of  effectively  maintaining  this  division  of  our  Journal,  have  been 
entirely  di8i)elled  by  the  experience  of  Inst  year,  and  I  believe  this 
division  to  be  not  only  convenient  (which  was  obvious)  but  also 
both  practicable  and  profitable. 

I  would  also  ask  your  attention  to  the  greatly  increased  interest 
and  value  of  the  papers  published  in  your  Journal,  and  to  the  im- 
provement in  the  illustrations.  That  the  contiibutions  have  excited 
much  attention  from  the  highest  authorities  on  the  subjects  treated 
of  is  shewn  by  the  criticisms  on  theili,  which  have  appeared  in  the 
Scientific  Journals  of  Europe.  The  Society  is  indebted  for  one  of  the 
most  attractive  illustrations  in  the  Journal  of  last  year,  to  Mr. 
W.  T.  Blanford,  who  has  contidbutod  the  very  admirably  executed 
coloured  plate  of  a  new  species,  Trochalopieron  Fairhankii^  described 
by  himself.  Indeed  it  has  only  been  by  similar  contributions  of  time 
and  labour,  that  luider  the  pressure  of  limited  resources,  we  have 
been  able  to  produce  so  valuable  a  volume  of  the  Journal  during 
the  year. 

It  had  been  my  wish  to  have  taken  a  brief  retrospect  of  the 
labour  of  the  Society  diiring  the  year,  but  my  absence  for  some 
months  will  preclude  the  possibility  of  this.  TTiere  is  one 
subject  which  has  been  prominently  brought  forward,  on  which  I 
would  say  a  few  words.  "We  have  had  more  than  one  communica- 
tion on  the  early  hi.'^tory  of  the  Suiularbans;  and  have  been 
strenucmsly  urged  to  initiate  a  regular  examination  of  this  wild  and 
now  uninhabitablu  juuglo  district,  with  a  view  to  detennine  the 
existence,    and   investigate  tlio  ruins   of  cities   said  to   occur,    or 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Aaiutio  Society.  47 

known  to  occur,  within  its  limits.  And  tlie  most  terrific  stories  of 
the  inroads  of  savage  pirates,  of  the  occurrence  of  tremendous 
gales — and  awful  waves  carrying  with  them  the  devastation  of 
everything,  have  been  invited  to  account  for  the  extinction  of  these 
cities,  and  the  abandonment  of  the  lands  then  under  cultivation. 
The  joint  action  of  the  Society  and  others  has  been  invited  to  stir 
up  the  Government  of  the  country  to  undertake  a  systematic 
examination  of  the  whole  area ;  and  wonderful  prospects  have  been 
held  up  of  intending  archsoological  discoveries  to  reward  tlie  risk 
of  life  and  health,  which  such  an  expedition  woidd  involve.  I 
cannot  agree  with  those  views— and  for  this  reason,  that  I  am 
compelled  to  view  the  changes  which  have  occurred  in  this  Sundar- 
ban  tract  as  the  necessary  results  of  undeviating  natural  laws,  in- 
volving nothing  more  than  the  most  gradual  and  ordinary  changes, 
such  as  are  still  in  progi'ess. 

I  suppose  no  one  will  hesitate  to  acknowledge  that  tlie  whole  of 
the  coimtry,  including  the  Sundarban  proper,  lying  between  the 
Hughly  on  the  west,  and  the  Megna  on  the  east,  is  only  the  delta 
caused  by  the  doj)osition  of  the  debris  carried  down  by  the  rivers 
Ganges  and  Brahmaputra,  and  their  tributai^ies.  It  is  also  equally 
well  known  that  in  such  flats,  the  streams  are  constantly  altering 
their  courses,  eating  away  on  one  bank  and  depositing  on  the  other, 
until  the  channel  in  which  they  formerly  flowed  became  choked  up, 
and  the  water  is  compelled  to  seek  another  course.  It  is  also 
certain  that  in  this  peculiar  delta,  the  general  course  of  the  main 
waters  of  the  Ganges  has  gradually  tracked  from  the  west  towards 
the  east,  until  of  late  years  the  larger  body  of  the  waters  of  the 
Ganges  have  united  with  those  of  the  Brahmaputra  and  have  toge- 
ther proceeded  to  the  sea  as  the  Mogna.  Every  stream  whether  large 
or  small,  flowing  tlu-ough  such  a  flat,  tends  to  raise  its  own  bed  or 
channel,  by  the  deposition  of  the  silt  and  sand  it  holds  suspended 
in  its  waters, — and  by  this  gradual  doi)08itiou  the  channel  bed  of 
the  stream  is  raised  above  the  actual  level  of  tlie  adjoining  flats. 
It  is  impossible  to  suppose  a  river  continuing  to  flow  along  the 
top  of  a  raised  bank,  if  not  compelled  to  do  so  by  artiflciid  means, 
and  the  consequence  of  this  filling  in  and  raising  of  its  bed,  is  that 
at  the  first  opportunity,  the  stream  necessarily  abandons  its  original 


48  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatie  Soeieiy,  [Feb. 

course,  and  seeks  a  new  channel  in  the  lower  ground  adjoining — 
until  after  sucjcessive  changes  it  has  gradually  wandered  over  the 
whole  flat  and  raised  the  entire  surface  to  the  aame  general  leTel. 
The  same  process  is  then  repeated,  new  channels  are  cut  out,  and 
new  deposits  formed.  Bearing  these  admitted  2)rinciple8  in  mind| 
look  to  the  dolta  of  the  Ganges  and  Brahmaputra.  The  Gkuigea 
river  emerging  from  its  upper  levels  roimd  the  Bajmahal  Hills,  and 
prevented  ]>y  tlioir  solid  roirky  barrier  from  cutting  further  to  the 
west,  sought  its  channel  in  the  lower  ground  adjoining — and  origi- 
nally llowcd,  into  the  main  body  of  its  waters  along  the  general 
course  now  indicated  by  the  Bhaghirathi  and  Hughly.  But  gradu- 
ally filling  up  tliis  channel  it  was  again  compelled  to  seek  a  new 
course  in  the  lower,  because  as  yet  comparatively  unfilled  in  ground, 
lying  to  the  east.  And  the  same  process  being  repeated  it  wand- 
ered ^5ucces8ively  from  the  rocky  western  limit  of  the  delta-flat 
towards  the  etistern.  If  tliis  progress  eastwards  was  allowed  to  be 
sufficiently  slow  to  admit  of  the  gi-aducd  fUling  in  of  the  country  ad- 
joining, the  delta  was  formed  continuously  up  to  the  same  general 
level,  and  the  larger  streams  or  channels  x)assing  through  this  flat 
to  the  sea  became  unavoidably  diminished  in  size,  and  in  the 
quantity  and  force  of  the  water  they  carried,  the  main  body  passing 
around  further  to  the  east,  and  having  its  course  in  the  channels 
successively  formed  there.  I  need  not  here  point  out  the  successive 
stages  in  the  formation  of  the  delta,  or  shew  how  these  have  been 
exactly  i)aralleled  by  similar  changes  in  the  course  and  deposits 
of  the  Brahmaputra,  and  the  other  rivers  which  unite  with  the 
Ganges.  We  ai'e  at  present  concerned  rather  with  the  results 
ai'ising  from  these  changes  as  affecting  the  existence  and  distribu- 
tion of  population. 

The  very  first  necessity  for  the  existence  of  man  is  the  presence 
of  drinkable  sweet  water.  Where  this  cannot  be  procured,  it 
is  certain  that  man  can  make  no  settlement, — and  it  is  equally 
certain  that  the  removal  or  destruction  of  the  sources  of  supply  of 
this  necessary  element  of  existence  will  comxiol  him  to  abandon  his 
abode,  and  change  his  habitation.  We  have  not  to  go  beyond  the 
delta  of  the  Ganges  itself  to  see  the  application  of  these  facts,  in 
explanation  of  the  former  histoi-y  of  the  Sandarban.  Tlie  more 
modem  course  of  the  largo  rivers  give  us  a  patent  illustration  of 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  49 

the  successive  conditions  of  all.  To  tlio  east  where  now  the  great 
body  of  the  waters  of  these  rivers  is  discharged,  we  find  the  force 
of  the  iresh  water  sufficient  to  overcome  the  strength  of  the  tide, 
and  the  influx  of  salt  water  from  tlie  sea.  And  down  to  the  very 
mouths  of  the  rivers  here,  fresh  water  (often  for  hours  in  the  day 
flowing  over  a  basis  of  salt  water  beneath)  can  readily  be  procured. 
The  consequence  is  that  towns  and  villages  line  the  banks  of  every 
stream,  and  population  and  cultivation  follow  the  course  of  this, 
the  prime  element  of  their  existence.  To  the  east  as  we  have  said 
the  filling  in  of  the  Delta  has  not  yet  reached  the  same  level  as 
to  the  west,  and  the  fresh  waters  here  retain  sufficient  power, 
therefore  to  be  carried  down  to  the  sea.  In  earlier  times,  pre- 
cisely similar  conditions  must  have  existed  further  to  the  west ; 
the  larger  portion  of  the  river  waters  foimd  their  exit  through  the 
channels  there,  and  were  thus  in  sufficient  force  to  be  carried  down 
to  the  very  sea,  and  the  natural  consequences  of  this  was,  that  man 
fixed  his  abode,  where  he  could  procure  fresh  water,  towns  and 
cities  arose,  and  taking  advantage  of  the  great  facilities  for  trade 
offered  by  their  position,  increased  in  importance  and  number, 
xmtil  the  necessary  changes  in  the  course  of  the  streams  which 
supplied  them  deprived  them  of  the  possibility  of  existence.  That 
this  is  the  natural  interpretation  of  the  facts,  appears  to  me  abund- 
antly evidenced  by  the  circumstance  that  within  this  abandoned  tract 
and  in  its  vicinity,  at  the  present  day,  when  the  swarming  popula- 
tion is  seeking  utility  for  settlement  in  every  direction,  not  a  single 
spot  finds  its  settler,  save  where  fresh  water  is  to  be  had ;  and 
the  traveller  may  go  for  days  or  weeks  tlirough  the  countless 
anastomising  creeks  and  channels  of  the  tidal  Sundarban,  without 
finding  a  single  abode,  whereas  the  moment  be  reaches  any  spot 
where  fresh  water  is  obtainable,  he  finds  cultivation  spreading  and 
the  population  increasing. 

I  alluded  to  the  existence  down  to  the  very  sea  board  of  towns  and 
villages  along  the  corner  of  the  Megna  &c.,  where  fresh  water 
is  stiU  procurable.  But  I  cannot  shut  my  eyes  to  the  consideration 
that  in  the  course  of  time  (and  very  probably,  as  I  believe,  in  a  very 
short  time  unless  prevented  by  artificial  means),  these  very  localities 
must  themselves  be  again  deserted  and  a  Sundarban  tract  will  then 
be  found  in  the  eastern  face  of  the  delta,  as  it  now  is  in  the  western. 


63 


Proeeeditufi  of  th*  A$Mie  Simef^. 


[Fra* 


than  I  liavo  been  to  promote  your  interesta.  Mj  absence  from 
Among  you  tliie  ©veiling,  which  necessity  alone  could  have  eauaed 
has  cfmlinncd  my  opinion  that  your  President  ought  to  he  one  con- 
stantly resident  in  Calcutta.  And  I  look  forward  with  great  hope« 
to  the  steady  progress  and  increased  utility  of  the  Sodetyi  under 
the  presidency  of  the  learned  member,  to  whom  I  now  resign  thd 
Chair. 

Camp  Chanda,  January  22wrf,  1870. 

Before  tie  meeting  terminated  it  was  proposed  by  the  chairman , 
Dr.  S.  B.  Partridge^  and  seconded  by  H.  F.  B 1  a  n  f  o  r  d,  Esiq,, 
and  carried  with  acclamation — 

That  the  special  thauka  of  tho  Society  be  given  to  Colonel  J.  E. 
Oastreil  for  his  very  able  services  rendered  to  the  Society  as 
Treasurer  for  the  last  six  years. 


Ordhmry  Meeting  for  the  mmtth  cf  Fehmarf/t  1870, 
The  meeting  then  resolved  into  an  ordinoiy  meetings* 

Dr,  S,  B*  Partridge,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  tonfinucd. 
The  receipt  of  the  following  presentations  was  announced  : — 
1,     From  Colonel  Q.  H,  S  a  x  to  n,   Canur, — a  set  of  iron  imple- 
ments &c.  found  in  a  cromlech  in  the  estate  of  Major  Sweet.    The 
following  letter,  dated  25th  Nov.,  1869,  aceompamed  the  donation. 

**The  accompanying  were  quite  recently  dug  out  from  a  crtimloeh  oa 
the  estate  of  Major  Sweet  in  the  South  aide  of  thcNilgheiTy  plateau. 
Many  other  things  of  tho  same  desci'iption  as  well  as  some  quite  dif* 
ferent,  were  found  in  the  same  place.  Similar  Cromlechs  exist  all 
over  the  NUgherries,  and  some  have  been  oponod  before  this,  but 
I  beUeve  not  many.  In  some  of  those,  precisely  similar  articles  havd 
been  found,  but  in  others  the  search  has  been  fniitless,  perhaps  they 
had  been  previously  opened,  I  dont  know  whether  the  bociety  has 
on  record  any  information  rogai-ding  the  Nilgherry  cromlechs,  but 
I  send  those,  hoping  that  some  iVrcluwlogist  may  make  them  inter- 
esting by  instituting  enquiries,  which  I  shall  be  hajjpy  to  assist  in, 
after  my  return  to  the  hills  in  the  hot  season.  None  of  the  present 
hill  tribea  poi^ess  the  slightest  kuowledge  as  to  the  origin  of  either 


1870,] 


iif  the  Aiiatk  SoeUty. 


53 


Ae  cromlechs,  or  the  numeroiua  cfiimes  still  existing.  No  objection 
is  offered  by  the  hill  people  to  any  one  excavaling  in  the  Cairnes* 
liero  is,  however,  somo  euperBtitioas  dread  in  existence  about 
ny  int»>rferonce  with  the  croailochs.  Major  Sweet  pereonally 
Opened  this  cromlech,  and  extracted  those  relics  on  hia  own  proper- 
ty, and  the  only  feeling  ahewn,  appeara  to  have  been  a  fear,  that 
the  sjdritB  of  the  bygone  people,  to  whom  these  relies  belong,  would 
surtdy  resent  the  saerilege,  which  the  present  tribes  would  tliereforn 
not  join  in  committing.  In  some  instances  I  learn,  that  Uie 
Burghea  have  made  objection  to  the  opening  of  cromlechs,  but 
never  on  any  plea  that  the  monument  at  any  time  appertained  to 
the  forefathers  of  any  existing  tribe. 

The  metal  of  which  these  imph^ments  are  made  appears  to  b©  ' 
generally  irrm  and  brass,  but  it  requires  examination.  The  earth- 
enware chatties  are  all  filled  with  earth  and  bones  of  which  some 
are  enclosed-  The  Todara  are  undoubtedly  the  oldest  occupants 
of  these  hills,  now  existing.  Their  traditions  claim  for  the  tribe 
a  great  antiquity,  and  declare,  that  the  Todars  were  originally  crea- 
on  the  Nilgherries ;  and  that  the  other  tribes  immigrated  from 
P^«ome  otlier  d^untry.  I  am  not  aworo  what  evidence  exists,  on 
which  to  found  any  opinion  as  to  the  period,  back  to  which  the 
Todars  woidd  carry  their  traditions,  but  it  seems  dear  that  botli 
croralec:hs  and  cairnes  are  autocetlent  to  that.  On  what  grounds  I 
know  not,  but  popidar  lieliof  gives  from  800  to  2000  years  as  the 
age  of  the  relics  I  now  send,  Mr*  M  e  t  z,  a  German  Missiona 
who  has  for  25  years  worked  on  the  Nilgherriea,  and  for  that^ 
long  time  held  intimate  intercourse  with  the  hill  tribes*  indeed  lived 
with  them  in  their  villages  and  hut^,  is  the  only  person  who  can 
be  able  to  form  any  reliable  opinion  on  tliis  subject,  and  1  hear 
that  he  says  they  jmiai  be  600  and  mat/  he  2000  years  old*  It  is 
remarkable  and  very  eon-oboraat  of  great  antiquity  that  no  coin  of 
any  kind  has  ever  beeu  found  amongst  these  remaina  of  a  bygone 
ago/' 


The  potttTj,  sent  by  Col.  Su  x  ton,  is  quite  similar  to  that  de- 
scribed Ji'om  the  CJourg  Croinle<-'ii8  by  Dr.  T,  O I  d  ii  a  m,  m  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Society  for  August^   1809.     The  iron  implements 


54 


Proetedingn  af  fh  A»mftc  Soefeti/. 


[F»u. 


aro  to  a  great  extent  ideutieol  in  fi»rm  wilii  those  described  and 
figur&d  in  Vol,  HI,  of  tliD  Transuct.  Bombay  Literary  Society, 
p.  324,  &Q. 

2,  From  J.  G.  D  e  1  m  e  r  i  c  k,  Esq,,  Ra^Tul  Piiidi^^ — spocimena 
ol'  moulds  used  in  coimterfeiting  coins  ;  tbo  folio  wiug  letter  actcompa- 
nied  the  spocimuns. 

**  A  few  weeks  ago  the  Police  of  tliis  Dtatrict,  m  searching  for 
implements  of  coining,  discovered  in  the  houses  uf  Chandra  Mrdl 
and  his  brothers  Jewaya  Mall,  goldsmiths  and  residents  of  tho 
town  of  Rawul  Pindi,  a  quantity  of  moulds  and  forged  Baetriaa 
coins.  These  men  are  well  known  coin  dealers,  and  as  the  moulds 
themselves  woidd  no  doubt  bo  objet-'ts  of  inturest  to  the  members 
of  the  eoin  committee,  I  have  despatched  by  d&k  bhangy  four  of  tlie 
best  specimens.  They  are  composed  of  a  fine  desLription  of  clay, 
and  are  the  only  ones  in  gtiud  presei*vation.  The  others  wore  in 
broken  bits  and  formed  a  pretty  large  heap  on  the  Magistrate's 
table.  I  suspect  that  the  men  received  timely  information  of  the 
movements  of  the  Police^  and  were  thus  able  Uj  break  up  nearly  tlie 
whole  of  the  moulds,  but  nevertheless  there  was  ample  evidence  to 
prove  that  they  were  old  and  systematic  offenders,'* 

**  Tho  moulds,  I  send,  are  all  of  the  largest  silver  coins  of 
Eucratides,  of  Heliot:*les  and  Laodice,  of  Ilermeus,  and  of  Aziliseg. 

I  may  add  that  no  implements  of  coining  proper  were  found  and 
that  the  fabricated  coins  were  destroyed  by  order  of  the  Magistrate.'' 

General  A.  Cunningham  published  many  years  ago  notices 
oa  forged  coins  of  the  Bactrians  and  Indo-Scythians  ;  vide  Journal 
Asiatic  Society,  Bengal,  1840,  Vol.  IX,  p.  1217  fc.  Tho  moulda 
forwarded  by  Mr.  I)  e  1  m  e  r  i  e  k  show  a  high  linisb,  and  coins  cast 
in  them  require  carefid  examination  to  be  detected  as  fidsilications. 

3.  From  the  Government  of  India,  a  c^py  of  catalogue  of  Sans- 
crit manuscripts  in  the  southern  division  of  tho  Bombay  Presidency. 

In  cijnuection  with  the  specimens  of  implements  forwarded  by  CoL 
8  a  X  t  o  u,  the  President  announced  that  Mi-.  II.  B  i  v  o  t  t-G  a  r  n  a  o 
hflfi  brought  a  fine  eollectiou  of  similar  relics  from  Central  India, 
and  will  lay  them  beforo  tlie  meeting. 


1870.] 


Proct^dtn^M  of  the  AiMie  Someii/. 


5d 


Mr.  H.  B  i  V  0 1 1-0  a  r  n  a  c,  in  exhibiting  those  specimena  «f  iron 
Eld  other  implementa  found  in  tumnli  near  Nag:in'ir,  observed  that 
10  would  uot  troublu  the  mouiljurft  with  uny  long-fhonfid  dcsfTiption 
of  the  tiimiiU  firom  wliiuh  these  rt^mains  had  been  obtained.  D*j* 
tftilud  ttccotmts  of  the  Cromleiiia,  Kistvaens,  and  Barrows  of  Central 
and  Southern  India  had»  from  tiiuo  to  time,  appeared  in  the  Society's 
Journal,  and  in  the  Joiimale  of  the  Bombay  and  Madras  Sodetios, 
and  the  exietenco  and  t^haraeter  of  these  remains  wore  doubtless 
well  known  to  many  gentlemen  present*  He  would,  however,  de- 
sire to  roimnd  the  meeting  of  the  interesting  point  noticed  by 
Colouel  Meadows  Taylor,  who  examined  many  Barrows  in 
the  Deccan,  and  who  on  his  return  to  England  visited  and  excavated 

IB  of  the  old  tumuli   in  the  North  of  England,  and  foimd  an 
ittraonliuitry  re^emblani^^  to  exht  between   the  remains  in  India 
and  in  Europe. 

Colonel  Meadows  Taylor  in  his  paper,  read  before  the 
Koytd  Irish  Academy,*  had  brought  out  in  a  most  striking  manner, 
the  perfect  similarity  that  exists  between  the  Barrows  and  Crom- 
lechs of  the  Beccan,  and  the  tumuli  of  Western  and  Northern 
Europe*  N^piir  ib  situated  on  the  oa^t^rn  border  of  the  traxi 
foi*mation  of  the  Deccan,  and  here,  where  the  stone  most  reatly  to 
hand  consists  of  basalt,  the  tumuli  are  frmnd  in  the  shape  oi 
mouiids  surrounded  by  a  single  or  double  row  of  trap  boulders,  and 
similar  in  shape  and  eonstnifttion  to  the  well  known  Barrows  of 
Scotland,  tlie  Nortli  of  Enghiud,  and  other  parts  of  Eia*ypo,  Fur- 
ther t^j  tlio  East  of  Nagpiir  on  the  sandstone  formation,  the  form 
of  ttuuuli  changes,  and  Cromlechs  or  Kistvaens,  similar  to  tlio 
**  Kitscoty  Houso"  of  Aylesford  take  the  place  of  the  Barrows. 

And  it  is  not  only  in  the  shape  nf  tho  tumulus  that  the  raoat 
extraordinary  identity  m  to  be  traced  between  the  prehistoric 
remains  of  India  and  Europe,  bat  in  the  maimer  in  which  tlie 
bodies  ai*o  buried  in  the  urns  and  in  tho  ornaments, 
woa^mna  placed  with  tho  urns  within  the  tomb,  the  same  strikin| 
resemblance  is  to  bo  traced  betw'eon  the  discoveries  made  in  both 
countries.     The  specimens  before  the  meeting  were,  Mr.  H  i  v  e  1 1- 


•  See  tho  papers  of  Cnlonoi  Meadows  Tiiylo  ••*  C»  S.  1,^  in  tho  Juurual 
of  iliu  Royttl  Irish  Aciuiemy,  a&U  iu  liial  uf  tJio  Kth»ologic)al  Society. 


Pro€$0iin§i  of  the  Aswtw  Soaety. 


[Feb. 


0  a  r  n  a  0  said,  but  a  few  of  a  very  largo  number  of  articles  found 
iu  these  Barrows,  but  they  wero  qmtx>  sufficient  to  establish  the 
identity  roferred  to.  Those  irou  implomonts  wei'O  invariably  found 
together  with  pottery  urns,  or  with  fragments  of  them,  for  it 
was  extremely  dilB^eult  to  get  out  the  urns  intact.  Most  of  the  speci- 
mens in  the  collection  spolce  for  themselves,  but  the  iron  snafEo^ 
the  stirrups,  the  spear  and  other  accoutrements  of  the  wan-ior, 
whose  tomb  had  been  examined,  were^  he  ventui-ed  to  think,  of 
special  interest.  Ho  would  also  di^aw  attention  to  a  very  perfect 
specimen  of  an  iron  battle-axe.  It  would  be  seen  that  the  iron 
crossbands  by  which  the  axe  was  fastened  to  the  handle  were  still 
intact.  A  reference  to  the  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  the  Royal  Iiish 
Academy  woidd  shew  that  this  specimen  had  an  exact  counterpart 
in  on  axe  found  iu  Ireland,  iu  a  Barrow  similar  to  that  from  which 
the  axe  now  exhibited  was  exhumed.  And  the  same  remark  applied 
to  tho  bangles  and  other  articles  in  the  collection,  which  would  be 
found  to  resemble,  in  every  rosjiect,  remains  diseovert^d,  under  ex- 
actly Biinilar  circumstances,  in  Ireland,  which  remains  were  figured 
in  the  Catalogue  above  referred  to. 

Another  circumstance  was  perhaps  worthy  of  notice,  and  might 
be  useful  in  assisting  to  determine  tlie  age  to  which  they  belonged. 
On  the  sculp  tarings  of  the  Bhilsa  and  Oumraoti  topes,  a  people, 
who  wuidd  ax>pear  to  be  distinct  from  the  Aiytrns,  were  there 
represented  wearing  bangles,  and  armed  with  battle-axes  similar 
to  those  now  ©xliibitod. 

There  was  yet  another  circumstance  connected  with  the  remains 
which  was  porhapa  as  interesting  as  any  of  the  points  above 
noticed  of  the  simiiarity  between  the  remains  in  India  and 
Europe.  And  he  was  not  awai-o  that  this  point  had  been  noticud 
before.  His  attention  had  first  been  drawn  to  it  by  a  work  outitled 
** Archaic  Sculpturiuga'*  written  by  8ir  James  Simpson, 
the  well  known  imtiquarian,  Tliis  book  contained  an  accniunt, 
I  with  illustrations,  of  peculiar  marku  found  on  tlie  monoliths,  which 
surround  the  Barrows  in  Northern  Eui^ojio,  Now  although  he 
(Mr.  It  ivett-Carnac)  had  c»iU*n  visited  tho  Ndgpur  tumuli, 
and  noticed  some  indistinct  mai'kinga  on  the  weather-worn  stones, 
he  had  never  paid  any  veiy  particular  attention  to  them,  until 


1870*] 


Proc^dingi  oftfm  Asiaik  Society, 


6T 


be  eaw  ihe  oiig;raviiigs  in  Sir  Jamee  Simpeon's  work. 
H«  was  then  nmne<Liat4ijly  struck  by  the  further  extraordinai^  re* 
semblance  between  the  so-callod  '*  cup  marks"  on  the  nionalitha 
surrounding  the  Barrows  in  England,  and  the  marks  on  the  trap 
boulders  which  eacirdod  the  Barrows  near  Nfigiiiir.  Indeed,  if  th© 
members  interested  would  be  so  good  as  to  compare  the  ekt^tch  of  the 
Barrows  and  cup  marks  given  in  8ii'  Jamea  Simpson's  book, 
with  the  tracing  laid  before  the  meeting  of  the  **  cup  marks'*  on  on© 
of  the  BaiTowB  at  Junapani,  near  N%piir,  this  extraordinary  resem- 
|Wance  would  at  once  bo  apparent.  The  identity  between  the  shapo 
id  oonstniction  of  the  tumuli,  and  between  the  remains  found  in 
the  tumuli  of  the  two  countries  had  already  been  noticed,  and  now 
here  was  a  third,  and  still  more  remarkabk^  pointy  the  disoovei'y 
on  these  tumuli  of  markings  which  corresponded  exactly  with  the 
markings  found  on  the  same  class  of  tumuli  in  Europe.  He  would 
not  trouble  the  meeting  now  with  any  theories  founded  on 
extraordinai'y  resembUmce.  A  paper  containing  a  fidl  account  of  th#l 
discoveries,  with  sketches  of  the  tumuli,  the  remains  found  therein, 
ad  the  markings  on  the  stones  would  soon  be  published,  and  all 
frho  took  any  interest  in  the  subject  woidd  find  therein  such  in- 
formation as  he  was  able  to  give.  The  subject  of  the  similarity  of 
the  pre-historic  remains  of  the  Deci^au  and  Ncjrtheru  Europe  had  alao 
been  treated  of,  most  exhaustively,  by  Colonel  Meadows  Taylor 
in  a  paper  which  was  doubtless  familiar  to  most  of  the  members. 
But  the  **  cux)  mai*kings"  to  which  ailusion  had  been  made  above, 
had  not,  he  believed,  been  noticed  before,  and  they  formed,  h©j 
would  submit,  another  and  very  extraordinary  addition  tu  the  mass 
of  evidence  which  ah-eady  existed  in  favor  of  the  view,  that  a 
brancli  of  the  nomadic  tribes  who  swept,  at  an  early  date,  over 
Eui-ope,  peneti'ated  into  India  also» 

These  tumuli  were  to  be  traced  from  Southern  India,  through 
the  Deocan,  to  N&gpur*  He  had  not  as  yet  been  able  to  aacertain 
whether  they  were  i'ound  in  the  country  Ij'ing  between  Nfigjiur 
and  the  Punjab.  But  on  the  frontier  they  were  met  with  in 
lai'ge  quantities,  and  from  thence  they  could  bo  traced,  as  if  marking 
the  line  (if  pmgress  of  some  groat  tribo,  tluough  Central  Asia  and 
Eussia  into  Northern  Eui^>|>e. 


68  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Feu. 

Enquiries  were  now  being  made  on  the  subject,  and  ho  hoped 
soon  to  be  able  to  inibrm  the  Society  of  the  result  of  further 
discoveries,  and  also  that  the  chain  of  tumuli,  the  record  of  the 
movements  of  tribes  between  Central  India  and  Northern  Europe, 
was  complete. 

A  lengthened  discussion  ensued  in  which  Mr.  E.  0.  B  a  y  1  e  y, 
Mr.  H.  F.  B 1  an  f  o  r  d,  the  chairman  and  several  other  members 
took  part. 

Dr.  A.  M.  Verchero  drew  the  attention  to  a  sketch  which  was 
published  with  his  paper  in  the  Journal  of  the  Society  for  1867, 
(Pt.  II.,  p.  114).  His  suggestion  then  was  that  the  small  holes, 
or  cups,  in  large  boulders  between  Jubbee  and  Nikkee  on  the  Indus, 
have  been  either  made  by  a  race  of  men,  or  that  they  had  a  glacial 
origin.  He  then  thought  rather  to  incline  to  the  latter  than  to  the 
first  hypothesis,  but  it  is  just  as  well  possible  that  those  excava- 
tions have  been  executed  by  men.  There  are  at  present  no  settle- 
ments of  any  kind  in  the  close  neighbourhood. 

The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
Meeting  were  ballotted  for  and  elected  ordinary  members  : — 

Baden  Powell,   Esq.,  C.  S.  |  J.  H.  Newman,  Esq.,  M.  D. 
Surgeon  Fred.    W  m.   Alex.   De  F  a  b  e  c  k. 
The  following  have  intimated  their  desire  to  withdraw  from  the 
Society  : — 


E.  G.  Man,  Esq. 

Lieut.  Col.  G.  B.  Malleson. 

The  Hon.  F.  Glover. 


W.  L.  Granville,  Esq. 
P.  C  a  r  n  e  g  y,  Esq. 
A.  H.  Giles,  Esq. 


The  Council  reported  that  they  have  ordered  on  a  recommenda- 
tion of  the  Finance  Committee — that  debts  to  the  amount  of  448  Rs. 
duo  to  the  Society,  and  33  Ee.  10  ans.  due  to  the  Oriental  Fund,  by 
members  and  gentlemen  deceased,  be  written  ofP. 

The  receipt  of  the  following  communications  was  announced  : — 

1.  Notes  on  some  new  species  of  birds  from  the  North  Eastern 
Frontier  of  India, — by  Dr.  T.  C.  Jerdon. 

2.  Notes  on  Indian  Herpetology, — by  Dr.  T.  C.  Jerdon. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  tlie  Asiatic  Society,  59 

3.  Observation  on  some  species  of  Indian  birds,  lately  published 
in  the  Society's  Journal, — by  Allan  0.  Hume,  C.  B. 

4.  Not«  on  a  few  species  of  Andamanoso  land-shells,  lately  des- 
cribed in  the  American  Journal  of  Conchology, — by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

The  following  paper  was  read, — 

Notes  on  some  new  species  of  birds  from   the   north-eastern 
FRONTIER  OF  India, — by  Dr.  T.  C.  J  0  r  d  o  u. 

Whilst  in  upper  Assam  last  spring,  I  obtained  a  living  specimen 
of  a  Ceriornia  which  at  the  time  I  was  led  to  consider  as  Cer, 
Temminckiiy  but  on  comparing  the  figures  of  Gould  (Birds  of  Asia)y 
I  found  it  to  be  a  new  and  undescribod  species,  whi(^h  I  propose 
to  call  Ceri&rnis  Blythii,  after  the  late  very  able  Curator  of  our 
Museum. 

The  species  is  conspicuously  distinguished  from  C,  Temminckiij 
as  well  as  from  the  two  other  Indian  species,  by  the  uniform  plain 
colouring  of  the  lower  parts,  which  are  of  a  reddish  stone  colour 
without  any  spots.  The  red  of  the  head,  neck  and  breast  is  of  a 
peculiarly  vivid  flame  colour. 

One  specimen  was  brouglit  down  to  Suddya  by  some  Mishmese 
£rom  the  adjoining  liills ;  it  died  shortly  after,  but  the  skin  was 
preserved.  An  intelligent  Assamese  official,  who  is  a  good  sports- 
man, assured  mo  that  he  knew  the  bird  well,  and  that  it  was  found 
in  winter  at  a  comi)aratively  low  level  in  Upper  Assam.  A  second 
specimen  was  brought  down  alive  some  little  time  afterwards,  and 
this  one  I  brouglit  safely  to  Calcutta,  and  handed  over  to  Dr.  J. 
Anderson  fur  transmission  to  the  zoological  Garden  in  London. 
A  coloured  drawing  of  the  specimen  has  been  made,  before  it 
was  shipped. 

Along  with  the  last  named  specimen,  a  fine  new  Monal  was 
brought  down  from  the  same  lulls.  This  difiers  conspicuously 
from  LophopJwrm  Impeyayius  in  the  total  want  of  a  crest,  in  the 
upper  tail  coverts  being  pure  white,  and  in  the  tail  itself  of  a 
darker  rufous  colour  than  in  that  species,  and  broadly  tipped 
with  white.  Tlio  feathers  of  the  back  and  rump  are  white,  with 
a  black  centre  to  each  feather.     It  is  a  larger  and  stouter  bird 


80  Proeeeiinjs  of  the  Asiaiie  Soeieiy,  [Feb. 

than  the  common  Monal  of  the  north-weq:t  Hymalayas.  The 
orbital  skin  is  blue  in  both  species.  In  a  notice  lately  sent  to  the 
editor  of  the  Ibis,  I  have  named  this  species  Loph.  Sclaterii,  The 
only  specimen  known  I  had  also  brought  to  Calcutta,  and  it  was 
forwarded  to  England,  together  with  the  Geriornis. 

This  unexpected  discovery  of  two  new  i)hea8ants  within  the 
limits  of  our  north-Eastem  possessions  indicates  that  we  are  at  the 
borders  of  a  somewhat  distinct  avifauna  which  yet  leaves  a  lai'ge 
new  field  of  enquiry  open  to  the  Indian  naturalist. 

Besides  tbase  two  novelties  I  have  obtained  through  Major  God- 
win-Austen a  new  swift,  of  which  I  append  a  description,  and  also 
a  new  pigeon  which  will  be  described  shortly.  Major  Godwin- 
Austen  discovered  a  new  Trochalopteron,  of  which  I  had  lately  sent 
the  description  to  the  "  Ibis.** 

Ceriornis  Blythii,  J  o  r  d  o  n. 

Whole  head,  neck  and  breast  vivid  igneous  red,  head  sub-crested 
with  a  naiTo  w  streak  of  black  from  the  base  of  the  bill  to  the  occiput ; 
a  second  streak  from  the  eye  to  the  nape ;  whole  upper  plumage, 
including  wing-coverts,  upper  tail  and  sides  of  breast  and  flajiks 
with  white  black-edged  ocelli ;  some  of  the  lowermost  of  the  upper 
tail  coverts  buff  with  dark  cross  bands ;  quills  dusky  brown,  with 
pale  brownish  bands  ;  tail  dusky  brown. 

The  whole  of  the  lower  parts  from  the  breast  to  under  tail  coverts 
of  a  reddish  ashy  or  stone  colour,  the  feathers  very  slightly 
darker  at  the  tip.  The  skin  of  face  and  throat  yellow,  more  or  less 
mixed  with  orange  and  emerald  green  at  the  lowest  part,  it  is 
bordered  laterally  by  a  very  narrow  black  line ;  bill  dusky ;  legs 
fleshy ;  size  much  the  same  as  that  of  the  other  Indian  species 
of  Ceriornisj  perhaps  a  trifle  smaller. 

From  the  hills  at  the  head  of  the  valley  of  Assam,  and  said  in 
winter  to  descend  nearly  to  the  level  of  the  river.  Called  by  one 
good  Assamese  sportsman,  Hkr-huria^  meaning  the  Golden  Bird. 

LophophoruB  Sclaterii,    J  e  r  d  o  n,    ('*  Ibis"  for  1870.) 
Head  not  crested  ;  whole  upper  surface  of  head,   neck,  intersca- 
pularies  and  wing  coverts  brilliant  shining  metallic  blue-green,  with 
the  back  of  the  neck  bronzy  gold,  and  reflections  of  the  same  here 


i870.]  ProceeiifigB  of  the  Astatic  Society.  61 

and  there ;  quills  black,  upper  back  and  rump  white,  the  feathers 
all  black  shafted;  upper  tail  coverts  white;  tail  reddish-brown, 
broadly  tipped  with  creUmy  white  ;  all  the  lower  parts  deep  black. 
Bill  dingy  yellow ;  facial  skin  cobalt  blue ;  legs,  dusky  yellowish. 
Size  rather  larger  than  that  of  LophophoruH  Impeyanm, 

The  feathers  of  the  head  are  exceedingly  short  and  crisp.  The 
living  bird  from  which  this  description  was  taken,  was  brought 
down  by  some  shikarees  from  the  hills  above  Suddya.  When  I  first 
saw  it,  the  feathers  of  its  head  wore  not  in  good  condition,  and  I 
thought  that  the  absence  of  the  crest  might  have  been  accidental. 
It  has,  however,  moulted  since  I  first  saw  it,  and  there  is  not  the 
smallest  appearance  of  a  crest ;  indeed  the  feathers  are  particularly 
short,  crisj),  and  curved  in  different  directions.  The  other  two 
species  of  Monal  are  both  well  crested,  though  the  crest  is  of  a 
different  form  in  the  new  Lopliophorm  L'JSuysii  from  that  of  the  long 
known  Impeyan  pheasant. 

CypseluB  tectorum,    J  e  r  d  o  n. 
The  thatch  palm-sivi/t. 

Above  glossy  greenish  brown,  paler  and  loss  glossed  below, 
somewhat  albescent  on  chin  and  throat;  quills  and  tail  darker, 
brown-black. 

Length  about  4  J  inches  ;  wing,  4^^ ;  tail  2^. 

This  Swift  is  quite  of  the  type  of  Cf/ps,  haiassiemisy  but  a  much 
darker  coloured  bird,  and  with  a  shorter  tail.  I  first  saw  it  in 
Major  G  o  d  w  i  n-A  u  s  t  e  n  '  s  collection  of  birds  made  in  the  hills 
of  North  Cachar,  and  that  gentleman  permitted  me  to  describe  it. 
True  to  its  type,  it  builds  on  palm  leaves,  but  on  such  as  form  the 
roofs  of  the  Nagas  in  those  hills.  Major  Godwin-Austen 
obtained  the  nest  and  qqq,  being  very  similar  to  those  of  hatassiensia. 

On  coming  to  Calcutta,  I  found  that  the  same  species  had  been 
procured  by  one  of  the  Museum  collectors  from  the  Garro  Hills, 
and  since  that  Major  Godwin-Austen  has  written  to  me 
"  Cypaelm  tectorum  found  again  on  the  roofs  of  Gturo  huts." 

Then  why  absent  in  the  intermediate  range  of  the  Khasi  and 
Jedntia  hills  ?  Simply,  I  presume,  because  these  races,  being  a 
little  more  civilized,  do  not  thatch  their  huts  with  palm  leaves* 


62  Proceedings  of  the  Asmtic  Society.  [Feb. 

The  other  papers  on  the  list  were  postponed  till  next  meeting  on 
account  of  the  late  hour  at  which  the  meeting  terminated. 

LiBARY. 

The  following  books  have  been  added  to  the  Library  since  the 
Meeting  held  in  January. 

Pre%entatiotis, 
%•  Donors  in  capitals. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  de  Geographic,   Oct.  to  Nov.,    1869  : — 
The  Geookaphical  Society  of  Paris. 

The  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society,  Nov.,  1869  : — 
The  Geological  Society  of  London. 

Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Science  of  Philadelphia, 
Nos.  1  to  6,  1869  ; — The  Academy. 

Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Science  of  Philadelphia,  N.  S., 
Vol.  VI,  part  m  :— The  Same. 

Eeport  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Memorial  to  the  late 
H.  Falconer  : — The  Committee. 

Discours  d'  ouverture  du  6th  Deer.  1869,  par  M.  Garcin  de  Tassy : 
— The  Author. 

Bdmdyana,  Vol.  I,  No.  10,  edited  by  Pandita  Hemachandra  :— 
The  Editor. 

Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol,  VII,  part  I ; — 
The  Geological  Survey  of  India. 

Annales  Musei  Botanici  Batavii,  edidit  F.  A.  Guil.  Miquel.  Tom. 
IV,  Fasc.  1  to  5  : — The  Batavain  Society. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  the  Government  of  India,  Home 
Department,  No.  71  : — The  Bengal  Office. 

Report  on  the  Administration  of  the  Customs  Department  in  the 
Bengal  Presidency  for  1868-69  :— The  Same. 


Purchase. 
Zenker's  Handworterbuch,  Heft  xiv. — Comptes  Rendus,  Nos.  18 
andl9: — Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  No.  10. — American  Jour- 
nal of  Science  No.  143. — Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,  15th  Nov. — Ain 
i  Akbari  : — Tarikh  Badaoni. — Khaziuat-ul-Asfiu. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THB 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

Fob  March,  1870. 


Tlie  monthly  Meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday,  the 
2nd  instant,  at  9  o'clock  p.  m. 

The  Hon'ble  J.  B.  P  h  e  a  r,  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  monthly  Meeting  were  read  and  con- 
firmed. 

The  receipt  of  the  following  presentations  was  announced  : — 

1.  From  Dr.  MohendraHla  Sark^ra,  a  copy  of  Cal- 
cutta Journal  of  Medicine,  Vol.  II,  Nos.  9  and  10. 

2.  From  Colonel  J,  E.  G  a  s  t  r  e  1 1,  a  very  fine  specimen  of 
Macrocheira  Kaempferij  from  Japan,  and  a  specimen  of  a  large 
Ostretty  also  from  Japan. 

3.  From  B&bu  Yatindramohana  Th&kura,  a  copy 
of  Sangita  Sdra. 

The  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  next 
Meeting : — 

Capt.  E.  D.  0  s  b  o  r  n,  B.  Staff  Corpp,  proposed  by  Dr.  F. 
Stoliczka,  seconded  by  Lt.-Col.  H.  Hyde. 

R.  Stewart,  Esq.,  proposed  by  Lt.-Col.  Hyde,  seconded  by 
Dr.  S  t  o  1  i  c  z  ka. . 

Benjamin  Smith  Lyman,  Esq.,  proposed  by  Dr. 
Stoliczka,  secoDded  by  Mr.  H.  Blochmann. 

Dr.  T.  W.  I  n  n  i  s,  C.  B.,  proposed  by  Lt.-Col.  H.  H  y  d  e, 
seconded  by  H.  F.  B 1  a  n  f  o  r  d,  Esq., 

Col.  A.  D.  D  i  c  k  e  n  s,  C.  B.,  proposed  by  Lt.-Col.  H.  Hyde, 
seconded  by  the  Hon'ble  J.  B.  P  h  e  a  r. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  intimated  their  desire  to  withdraw 
from  the  Society  : — 


64  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Mar. 

E.  J.  E  i  c  h  a  r  d  8  o  n,  Esq.,    B.  C.  S.,  Dr,  J.  M.  C  o  a  t  e  s, 
B^bu  Abhayacharaua    Mallika,     Dr.  E.  H.  C  u  r  r  a  u. 

The  following  letter  received  £pom  Col.  G.  H.  S  a  x  t  o  n,  through 
Col.  H.  Thuillier,  relating  to  a  recent  fall  of  an  Aerolite  near 
Nidigullam  (Vizagapatam  district),  was  read  : 

Camp  Parvatypore^  Vizagapatam  District y  January  27M,   1870. 

I  have  just  seen  a  terj  interesting  specimen  of  an  Aerolite, 
which  fell  near  this,  last  Sunday,  23rd  January,  1870.  I  have  made 
an  official  application  to  the  Madras  Government,  asking  it  to  autho- 
rize its  being  given  over  to  me  for  the  purpose  of  being  sent  to  our 
Calcutta  Museum.  In  the  mean  time,  I  enclose  a  rough  sketch, 
shewing  the  size,  shape  and  striated  markings  of  it.  One  end  is  broad, 
and  quite  smooth,  with  a  polish.  The  whole  appears  pure  iron  or 
steel.  The  strise  are  all  obliquely  in  the  direction  of  its  elongation, 
and  are  very  pretty.  The  length  is  about  6  J  inches,  the  breadth 
between  4  and  5,  and  the  thickness  varies  considerably ;  on  the 
heel  or  sole-like  end,  which  is  polished,  the  surface  is  broad  and 
flat,  2  or  3  inches,  it  then  becomes  thinner,  but  irregularly,  and  the 
other  end  is  almost  sharp  ;  but  I  hope  to  have  the  pleasure  of 
sending  the  specimen  itself. 

It  penetrated  about  20  inches  into  the  groimd  where  it  fell. 
Now  for  a  description,  from  hearsay,  of  the  circumstances  at- 
tending the  fall.  The  local  European  officer  who  has  charge  of 
it  tells  me,  that  he  did  not  see  the  meteor,  but  he  heard  the  noise, 
which  he  likens  to  that  caused  by  a  house  falling  down.  Others 
describe  the  noise  more  as  that  of  an  explosion,  with  subsequent 
prolonged  rumblings.  Those  who  saw  the  meteor,  describe  it  as 
being  very  large  and  beautiful,  and  as  bursting  with  increased 
brilliance  at  the  time  of  the  explosion.  All  agree  that  it  passed 
over  this  place  from  the  north  to  south,  and  the  village  where  it 
fell  is  just  about  6  miles  almost  due  south  from  this.  It  is  given 
on  the  Atlas  sheet.  No.  108  atLat.  18-41-20  and  Long.  83-28-30  ag 
»» Nidigullam.*'  At  this  village  itself  the  people  were  greatly 
alarmed.  Some  received  violent  shocks,  and  a  man  near  to  whom 
it  fell,  was  stunned.  This  I  hear  from  the  Sub-Magistrate  who 
with  others  from  this  place,  went  to  the  village,  and  took  possession 


1870.]  Froceedinga  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  66 

of  the  Aerolite,  which  the  villagers  hod  carried  to  their  temple  and 
under  much  alarm  were  making  puja  to.  There  is  not  the  least 
appearance  of  any  stony  substance  mixed  with  what  seems  to  be 
well  purified  iron.     It  weighs  407  tolas,  or  about  10  pounds. 

Dr.  Stoliczka  observed  that  should  this  Aerolite  really  prove 
to  be  iron,  it  would  be  the  first  from  India,  but  the  strong  striation 
on  the  crust  seems  rather  to  indicate  that  the  specimen  is  a  stone, 
though  probably  containing  a  very  largo  percentage  of  iron,  as  does 
for  instance  the  IVfooltan  Aerolite,  which  fell  some  short  time  ago. 

From  C.  A.  Elliott,  Esq.,  C.  S.,  Futtehgurh,  a  letter  referring 
to  the  translation  of  the  Hindi  Epic,  called  the  Alkhund. — Mr. 
Elliott  says  that  ho  has  translated  about  two-thirds  of  the  work, 
and  that  he  has  prepared  an  abstract  of  it  for  the  Society's  Journal, 
which  he  hopes  soon  to  forwai*d  to  the  Society.  The  work  itself 
contains  about  20,000  lines,  though  there  is  a  great  deal  of  repetition 
in  it.  Tlie  text  of  the  poem,  Mr.  Elliott  says,  sadly  needs  recen- 
sion, and  a  local  printer  has  expressed  his  willingness  to  print  the 
work  from  Mr.  E 1 1  i  o  1 1 '  s  MS. 

The  Council  reported  that  they  have  elected  the  following  gentle- 
men to  serve  in  tlie  several  sub-Committees  : — 
Sub-Committees  for  1870. 
Finance. 
Dr.  S.  B.  Partridge. 
H.  F.  Blanford,  Esq. 

Library. 
Dr.  T.  Oldham. 
W.  S.  Atkinson,  Esq. 
Bdbu  EdjendraHla  M  i  t  r  a. 
Dr.  J.  Anderson. 
G.  Nevill,  Esq. 
J.  Wood  M  a  9  o  n,  Esq. 
C.  H.  Tawney,  Esq. 
Y.  Ball,  Esq^ 

I*niL0L0OY,    AKCn.TlOLOGY,    &0. 

E.  C.  Bayley,  Esq. 
The  Rev.  J.  Long. 


66  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Mar. 

C.  H.  Tawney,  Esq. 

B^bu  EdjondraHla  Mitra. 
Moulavie  Abdul  Luteef  Khan   Bahadur. 
Bdbu  Ydtindramohana  Thakura. 
The  Eev.  K.  M.  B  a  n  e  r  j  e  o. 
Dr.  MohendraHla  Sarkdra. 
Natukal  History,  includino  Physical  Science. 
Dr.  T.  Oldham. 
Dr.  J.  Fajrer,  C.  S.  I. 
H.  F.  Blanford,  Esq. 
Dr.  S.  B.  Partridge. 
W.  8.  Atkinson,  Esq. 
Dr.  J.  Ewart. 
B&bu  Devendra  Mallika. 
H.  B.  Medlicott,  Esq. 
V.  Ball,  Esq. 

D.  Waldie,  Esq. 

Dr.  Mohendral&la  Sark&ra. 
Dr.  J.  Anderson. 
Col.  H.  L.  Thuillier. 
The  Ven'ble  Archdeacon  J.  H.  Pratt. 
J.  Wood  Mason,  Esq. 
Coins. 

E.  C.  Bay  ley,  Esq. 

B&bu  Rajondral61a  Mitra. 
Major  F.  W.  S  t  u  b  b  s. 
Rev.  M.  A.  Sh  erring. 

The  Committee  of  Papers, 
The  Members  of  the  Council. 

The  following  papers  were  read  : 

I. — Notes  on  Indian  Herpetology, — hy  Dr.  T.  C.  Jerdon. 
Jiec.  Ut  February y  1870. 

As  some  time  will  probably  elapse  before  my  work  on  the 
Reptiles  of  India  can  be  published,  I  tliink  it  advisable  to  lay 
before  the  Society  a  short  account  of  some  recent  discoveries  in 
Indian  Herpetology,  a  few  of  which  are  the  result  of  my  own 
researches,  and  very  many  from  the  most  successful  labours  of 
Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e,    Conservator  of  Forests  in  Madras. 


1 870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Aeiatic  Society.  67 

Many  years  ago,  in  the  Society's  Journal  for  1853,  Vol.  XXII,  p. 
462  and  522, 1  gave  a  summary  of  the  Eeptiles  of  Southern  India. 
After  the  first  part  had  been  written,  I  was  suddenly  removed  to 
a  distant  station,  and  was  unable  to  take  my  type  specimens  with 
me,  and  they  were  unfortimately  never  again  seen  by  me,  having 
been  lost  or  destroyed  ;  but,  to  complete  tho  paper,  I  gave  a  very 
brief  notice  of  the  Ophidia  and  Bairachia^  naming  several  new 
species  of  the  former,  and  many  of  the  latter  order.  Most  of  the 
Ophidians  have  been  foimd  again,  but  tiU  recently  hardly  any  of 
the  Batrachiam ;  and  it  was  a  source  of  great  satisfaction  to  me 
when  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e,  who  had  previously  chiefly  confined  his 
attentions  to  OphidianSy  partly  at  my  earnest  solicitations,  directed 
his  researches  to  Lizards  and  Batrachians  ;  and  he  has  re-discovered 
most  of  my  supposed  now  species  noticed  in  the  Journal,  and 
has  also  found  very  many  new  Saurians  and  a  few  Batrachians. 
Science  owes  him  a  largo  debt  of  gratitude  for  successfully  working 
out  the  Reptile  Fauna  of  Southern  India  ;  and  I,  on  my  own  i^art, 
beg  him  to  accept  my  best  thanks  for  giving  me  the  opportunity  of 
making  known  accurately  the  species  collected  by  myself  a  quarter 
of  a  century  ago. 

I  propose  in  my  work  on  the  Eeptiles  of  India  to  include  those 
^of  Assam,  the  Kliasi  hills,  Cachar,  Sylliet,  Tipperah,  and  Chitta- 
gong,  stopping  however  at  Arracan  which,  with  tlie  rest  of  the 
Burmese  provinces,  has  already  been  given  by  Mr.  T  h  e  o  b  a  1  d  in 
his  Catalogue  of  Burmese  Reptiles,  and  wlio,  I  am  glad  to  say,  is 
making  many  additions  to  his  former  collections,  and  will,  I  hope, 
duly  publish  the  result  in  a  separate  form.  I  shall  also  include  the 
Reptiles  of  Ceylon,  and  this  addition  to  the  extent  of  my  Indian 
province  will,  I  hope,  make  tho  work  of  much  greater  value.* 

In  the  present  notice  I  shall  take  Dr.  Gunther's  **  Reptiles  of 
British  India"  as  the  ground  work  of  my  observations. — 

I  have  hardly  any  new  Chclonian  Reptiles  to  add  to  the  Indian 
Fauna,  but  have  to  record  thrfe  not  hitherto  known  in  our  province 
as  just  defined. — Manouria  emys  is  not  uncommon  in  the  hills  of 

*  I  propose,  if  my  health  will  permit  me,  to  gire  a  second  edition  of  the  '*  Birds 
and  Mammals"  of  India,  with  the  addition  of  species  from  the  district-s  noted 
above,  making  them  of  greater  nse  to  the  Indian  naturalist. 


68  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Mar. 

North  Cachar,  where  fine  and  large  specimens  were  obtained  by 
Major  Godwin-Austen,  and  from  enquiries  I  made,  it  extends 
still  further  west  to  the  Jaintia  hills.  This  gentleman  has  present- 
ed some  specimens  to  the  Indian  Museum,  one  of  which  measures 
22  inches.  Tliis  Tortoise,  hitherto  recorded  from  Burma,  differs 
from  all  other  forms  in  the  pectoral  plates  not  meeting  in  the  centre 
of  the  plastrum. 

The  same  zealous  naturalist  also  obtained  a  few  shells  of  what 
appears  to  be  Pyxidea  Mouhotii,  figured  by  Dr.  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r,  and 
recorded  as  from  Siam.  He  has  presented  specimens  of  this  also  to 
the  Indian  Museum. 

Cyclemys  dentata  of  B  e  1 1,  the  prior  name  of  which  appears  to  be 
Emys  dhoVy  Gray*  per  Buchanan  Hamilton's  MS.  name,  and  which 
was  afteirvrards  called  JEmys  dentata  by  Gray  in  Hardwicke's 
HI.  Ind.  Zoology,  must  be  added  to  the  Indian  Fauna.  It  is  by  no 
means  rare  in  the  upper  provinces.  I  first  saw  it  at  Delhi,  where 
it  was  called  Dhdd,  {evidently  a  form  of  the  same  word  as  B. 
Hamilton's),   and  afterwEirds  at  otlier  places. 

Giinther  has  figured  with  Gray's  MS.  name,  a  Tortoise 
as  Cyclemys  Oldhami  from  Burmah.  Theobald  says  that  the 
very  specimen  figured  was  taken  by  himself,  and  is  merely 
an  old  specimen  of  orbiculata.  It  was  8  inches  long,  and  the 
figure  in  Giinther  shows  a  more  oval  form  than  the  largest 
specimen  in  the  Indian  Muse  um,  and  the  vertebral  plates  differ 
slightly. — I  have  quite  recently  obtained  in  the  Sylhet  district  a 
very  fine  specimen  of  a  Cyclemys  which  is  of  a  still  more  elongated 
form,  the  sides  being  almost  parallel,  and,  though  differing  in  some 
parts,  much  more  resembles  Giinther's  figure  than  any  specimens 
of  true  orbiculata f  the  name  of  which,  as  given  by  Bell,  announces  its 
very  rounded  form.  This  specimen  is  ISJ  inches  long  on  a  straight 
line,  and  10 J  broad,  by  about  5  J  in  height.  It  is  of  an  uniform 
blackish  colour  above  and  below. 

It  differs  from  Giinther's  figure  in  being  a  more  elongated  oval 
form,  but  agrees  very  nearly  with  the  description,  with  the  following 
exceptions.     The  first  two  of  the  middle  vertebral  plates  are  dis- 

•  DoRcribod  and  figared  in  Gray's  Synopa.  Bopt,  p.  20,  pi.  8  and  9.  A  ivork 
not  in  Calcntta,  I  beliove. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  69 

tmctlj  longer  than  broad,  wliilst  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r  says  **  the  throe  middle 
vertebral  plates  as  long  as  hroad^^^  which  apj^lies  exactly  only  to 
the  third  in  the  series.  The  postgulars  are  shorter,  the  suture  be- 
tween them  not  being  nearly  so  long  as  the  postgulars  ;  the  pec- 
torals are  not  nearly  so  long  as  the  abdominals,  and  the  suture  be- 
tween them  is  not  so  much  arched  asinGunther's  figure ;  the 
preanals  qtq  little  shorter  than  the  abdominals  ;  the  anals  are 
rather  longer  than  broad,  and  bluntly  pointed  beliind,  whilst  in 
two  specimens  noted  by  Dr.  G  u  n  t  h  e  r,  they  are  as  broad  as  long 
in  one,  and  broader  in  the  other.  On  the  whole  I  do  not  consider 
that  the  differences  here  noticed  suffice  for  specific  separation 
from  C.  Oldhami  as  described  by  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r,  but  the  whole  aspect 
and  structure  of  the  shell  appears  to  point  out  a  difference  from 
C.  dhar  or  C.  orhiculata.  However,  till  young  specimens  of  various 
ages  from  the  same  localities  are  obtained,  no  satisfactory  conclu- 
sion can  be  arrived  at.  Dr.  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r  entirely  ignores  C,  dhor^  or 
orbieulata,  as  a  species  of  British  India,  and  therefore  does  not  point 
out  the  differences  from  that  species  which  his  adoption  of  G  r  a  y '  s 
MS.  name  of  Oldhami  would  imply  him  to  bL4ieve  in. 

The  margin  of  Geoemgda  carinata,  Blyth,  is  entire  behind.  The 
type  specimen  so  completely  resembles  the  figure  of  Emgs  Belangeri, 
Lesson,  figured  in  B  e  1  a  n  g.  *  s  voyage  (Kept.  pi.  1),  that  I  am 
constrained  to  believe  them  identical.  This  figure  has  been  hitherto 
usually  assigned  as  a  sjTionym  of  Emys  trijnga  ;  the  original  was  said 
to  have  been  taken  near  Calcutta,  which  Blyth  doubted,  never 
having  seen  that  species  in  lower  Bengal,  though  it  abounds  in 
Southern  India  and  Burma.  The  figure,  if  intended  for  JS*.  trijuga,  is 
certainly,  asGiinther  remarks,  not  good  ;  but  on  the  contrary  it  is 
a  very  fail'  representation  of  B 1  y  t  h '  s  species,  and  as  such  I 
shall  accordingly  consider  it,  and  note  in  my  Eeptiles  of  India. 

Pangshura  Sylhdensisy  n.  sp. 

I  lately  procured  from  the  stream  that  runs  from  the  Terria  Ghat 
at  the  foot  of  the  Khasi  hills  several  specimens  of  a  new  tortoise 
closely  resembling  P.  tectay  but  differing  in  the  following  points.  The 
posterior  margin  of  the  shell  is  very  strongly  serrated,  this 
effect  being  added  to  by  a  division  of  the  hinder  marginal  plates  ; 


70  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Mar. 

tlie  last  yertebral  plate  too  is  much  narrower  posteriorly,  being 
pointed  behind  in  the  largest  specimen;  the  lateral  suture  of 
this  plate  is  continuous  with  the  suture  dividing  the  penulti- 
nato  marginal  plate  from  the  one  next  above  it,  whilst  in  typical 
tecta  the  lateral  margin  joins  the  centre  of  the  penultimate  plate. 
The  first  two  vertebral  plates  are  less  strongly  ridged.  The  4th 
vertebral  does  not  appear  to  differ  in  shape  from  that  of  tecta.  The 
plastrum  also  does  not  differ  appreciably  from  that  of  tecta,  except 
that  in  all  plates  the  dark  spots  are  of  greater  extent. 

The  differences  noted  above  are  constant  in  specimens  of  the  fol- 
lowing dimensions:  The  largest  has  the  shell  7  J  inch,  long  by  5J; 
the  next  6  by  4i,  and  the  smallest  3 J  by  3.  Had  I  only  had  one 
specimen,  I  should  have  hesitated  at  making  a  distinction,  but  with 
three  of  such  different  ages,  I  am  inclined  to  think  there  is  more 
til  an  a  casual  variety. 

Among  the  Monitor  Lizards,  ( Varanida)  Psammosaurtis  scinctcs, 
M  e  r  r.,  not  recorded  byGunther  among  the  Eeptiles  of  India,  is 
given  byTheobaldinhis  Cat.  Kept.  Museum  Asiat.  Soc,  from 
the  Punjab,  Salt  Range.  I  found  it  very  common  in  the  N.  W.  P.  and 
the  Punjab,  in  the  latter  country  indeed  more  common  than  Far  amis 
draceena,  I  also  found  it  common  at  Delhi,  Umballa,  Lahore  and 
other  parts  of  the  Punjab.  It  has  recently  been  described  by 
Carlloylein  the  Journal  of  the  Society,  Vol.  XXXVIII,  under  the 
name  of  Varanus  ornatus,  where  a  good  account  of  the  fresh  coloration 
is  given.  Some  time  before  the  notice,  I  presented  a  young  specimen 
in  spirits  to  tlie  Museum  from  Umballa.* 

I  found  Varanus  lunatus  also  in  several  of  the  Museums  up- 
country,  to  wit  Delhi  and  LtJiore ;  and  Carlleyle  met  it  also  in  the 
vicinity  of  Agra. 

Of  the  Lacertidce  G  u  n  t  h  e  r  records  but  three  inhabiting 
our  province,  of  two  of  which  he  had  not  seen  specimens, 
and  of  the  tliird  only  one  specimen  exists  in  the  British  Museum. 
This  lizard,  named  by  Giinther  Acanthodactylus  Cantoris,  1 
foimd   extremely   abundant  in    Hurriana,   in   the   country  about 

•  1  find  by  a  not«  in  J.  A.  S/s  Vol.  XXIV,  p.  71 5  that  B 1  y  t  h  was  the  first 
to  roco;^ui8o  thiiS  African  Keptilo  from  Thoobald's  Bpecimen,  and  he  moreover 
staled  tliat  ho  has  seen  other  spccinious  from  the  other  provinces. 


1870,] 


Frce0eding§  oftht  Asmfic  SmMy, 


71 


Hifisar,  Sirsa,  and  extending,  though  more  eparingly,  to  the  foot 
of  the  Alpiue  Punjab.*  I  got  it  at  Bheirber  in  the  bed  of 
the  river  tliere^  and  within  a  very  few  miles  of  the  head  quarters 
of  another  true  Lizard,  cogeneric  with  Ophiops  Jerdom,  B  I  j  t  h. 
Theobald,  on  examining  the  hitherto  unique  Bpecimen  of  this 
curious  reptile,  fi*und  that  the  nostrils  were  not  as  in  Ophtopg 
between  two  nasals  fulluwod  by  3  small  post-nasals,  but  in  one 
nasal  followed  by  two  post-nasiils,  and  he  acciortlingly  placed  it 
under  the  genus  Trtrpidosaura,  But  this  last  group  lias  dis- 
tinct eyelids,  being  a  sub-genua  of  Zacevta,  whilst  Ophiops  Jenhni 
and  this  new  species  want  them  entirely.  Aa  the  presence  or 
otherwise  of  eyelids  is,  I  consider,  a  more  important  character  than 
the  position  of  the  nasals,  I  shall  (in  conformity  with  a  suggestion 
of  Dr.  Stoliczka,  who  haa  been  good  enough  to  examine  these 
specimens  and  other  doubtfid  species  of  mine)  ctill  them  P^eud- 
ophiop.9^  and  the  new  species  found  by  me  in  the  Alpine  Punjab  I 
shall  call  Paeudopkiops  Theobald i\  It  is  very  common  on  the  ascent 
of  the  first  range  of  hills  beyond  Bheirber,  in  rocks  and  bare  ground ; 
and  I  found  one  specimen  on  the  banks  of  the  river  close  to  where 
I  got  AcanthodaHylm  Cantoris^  both  frequenting  the  boulders  in 
the  dry  bed  of  the  river.  It  closely  resembles  P.  Jerdoni,  but  differs 
in  its  more  elongate  and  deprt^seed  head  j  the  posterior  frontals 
I  separated  by  a  small  iutoiralated  linear  scale  ;  the  3rd  chin- 
aeld  forms  a  suture  with  its  fellow,  whilst  in  Jerdoni  it  is  separat- 
^  by  small  scales  ;  and  there  are  several  other  j^oints  of  difference 
which  will  be  noted  more  particidarly  in  the  **  Beptiles  of  India.^' 
The  eolour  is  brown  above,  with  a  narrow  pale  yellowish  line  on 
each  side  from  the  eyebrow,  lost  on  tlie  tail  ;  and  another  wider 
from  below  the  eye  through  tlie  ear  to  the  thigh  ;  between  these 
stripes  is  a  series  of  iiTeg\dar  black  spots,  which  are  slightly  continued 
both  above  the  upper  and  Ijelow  the  lower  line  ;  lower  parts  pearly 
white ;  tail  polo  brown  with  a  reddish  tinge,  most  distinct  in 
young  specimens.     Length  of  one  3  inches,  the  tail  being  IJ. 

Major  B  e  d  d  0  m  e  has  recently  found  Ps.  Jerdnni  on  the  banks  of 
the  Toombuddra,  and  another  place  in  Southern  India,  My  first  type 
specimen,  now  in  the  Museum,  was  got  by  me  at  Mhow  in  Central 
•  The  young  are  very  beautifoUy  striped  longitnduially. 


n 


Procerdingn  of  ths  Asiatic  Smett^* 


[Mar. 


India.  At  Saugor,  also  to  Central  India,  I  g*>t  several  small  sp<Ka- 
moHB  of  a  lizard  of  wMah  I  haTo  a  sketi'h  with  mtme  details  wliioli, 
in  epite  of  its  g'eo^apldcal  position,  appears  to  rosembltj  P«,  Thto- 
haldi  more  ttlosely  than  Jfi'di^ii  :  Imt  witliout  sptnimeus  tlii?*  fact 
cannot  bw  satiiifactorily  settled.  It  is  found  on  all  tlie  rocky  hills 
about  Saugor,  but  rather  rare* 

Maj*>r  11  o  d  J  o  ra  0  has  altso  quite  recently  sent  me  one  apecimon 
of  yet  another  species  of  this  genus,  obtained  by  htm  on  the  Bremna- 
gherry  hilh^,  at  an  elevation  of  5000  feet.  It  differs  from  botli  the 
prerious  species  in  having  a  pair  of  small  anterior  froutals,  the 
other  two  haying  one  large  one  ;  the  head  is  still  shorter  than  La 
Jetdmi  and  more  triangular,  the  tail  is  distint'tly  more  mmided  at 
the  base  than  in  either  of  the  other  two  siiecies,  in  wliidi  it  is  some- 
what depressed.  The  coloration  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  two 
others.     I  shall  call  this  spoeies  Pseuthphiops  BeddomeL 

Cahriia  ZmchenaulUt,  D<  and  B»,  recortlt^d  by  me  in  my  Catalogue 
from  the  banks  of  the  Cavery  and  neighboui^ng  parts,  has  been 
recently  procured  in  these  localities  by  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e,  and  ho 
has  also  obtained  one  specimen  of  a  second  Cahrita  which  he  has 
named  C  JerdonU  It  is  li*om  the  same  district  as  the  other,  but 
dMers  fipom  the  typical  species  in  several  important  points,  as  noted 
in  the  description  of  tli©  species  in  the  Madras  Medical  Journal  for 
1870,  No  I,  p.  34  &c. 

I  find  that  Tmhjdrmnus  t^x-lmeaim  extends  into  Assam  and  the 
Kliaai  hills,  where  by  no  means  rare  about  Hhillong.  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r 
has  not  seen  it  from  a  locality  north  of  Kangoon. 

Dr.  Stoliczka  informed  me  of  a  second  species  of  Tachi/dromUg 
which  was  sent  by  ^ir.  H.  L.  H  a  u  g  h  t  o  n  to  the  Museum  from 
Goal[tara  in  Assam.  It  dilfers  from  the  last  and  indood  from  ol!  the 
spodes  cited  by  G  ti  n  t  h  e  r,  except  T,  japottiem,  in  having  4  pairs  of 
chin -shields  instead  of  ,3,  but  it  has  6  dorsfd  series  of  scales,  and  10 
venti'al  series ;  all  of  them  keolnd.  Its  coloration  is  very  similar  to  that 
of  2\  sex-iineatuii,  but  the  glistering  pole  green  longitudinal  stripe 
IB  broader,  and  the  dark  line  below  narrower.  I  sluill  with  the 
connirrence  of  the  Curator  name  this  7iit%tZro«H#^  Ilati^htmumm. 
Leaglh  8^  imhus^  of  which  tlie  tail  measures  5  J. 

Of  the  ScmcidiB  I  have  aseertaiued  by  numei'ous  specimons  from 
Darjeeling,  the   Sutlej    valley    and  Kashmir,  that   Giinther's 


1870.] 


PrQ€eedin^9  of  ihe  Amniie  Sodd^* 


X%^ 


£uniac*^§  ffimalayanua  ia  identical  with  BlytK'  s  Moeoa  Sikimemis^ 
whioli  hwA  tiiUB  a  wider  distxibation,  for  wluch  Gtintlier's  name 
wauld  liarc  been  more  appropriate,  than  the  local  but  prior 
of  13  ly  til. 

Thoobald  has  deecribed  ("Oat  Bop.  Aedat,  Mas.  p.  25)  a 
€uriiiiis  Sciuk  as  Pkisiodon  (EuuieeeAj  acutattiSf  the  locality  of  which 
was  iuikno\ni,  I  prociu'ed  one  specimen  of  this  intoresting  form 
iu  the  Alpine  I^ijab,  on  the  route  &om  Jheliini  into  Kashmir. 

Major  B  0  d do  m  0  has  sent  me  specimens  of  a  form  of  Euyrepe% 
whifli  comes  under  Giinther'a  iirst  section  AUttthomurtntf  dis- 
tinj^iiijshnd  amon^  other  points  by  the  two-keeled  scales.  Ho 
Bames  thia  AteucfmsauruM  TraiHtncorUniSy  having  first  obtained  it  in 
the  Travaucore  hills,  but  has  since  found  it  in  Malabar,  and  8. 
Canara,  though  rare.  I  procured  it  many  years  ago  in  M^Uabar,  and 
notieod  it  at  page  479  of  Vol.  XXII  of  the  Journal,  without  de- 
itrribing  it,  as  the  specimen  was  unfortunately  lost,  but  I  took  a 
aket4.rh  of  it  wliich  I  BtiU  possess.  It  is  a  small  species,  (vide  Mad. 
Med.  Journ,  1870,  No.  1,  p.  33), 

The  same  indefatigable  naturalist  has  also  recently  procured 
£Hprrp€i  triliaeatm^  Gray,  ooly  hitherto  obtained  by  myself 
from  one  locality,  and  a  second  very  olosoly  aUied  species  which  I 
have  called  Eupt^pa  BeddomeL  It  ditfers  from  trilimatm  in  ita 
shorter,  mxich  more  elevated  head,  with  corresxK>ndingly  shorter 
xnuKzle,  in  t!ie  upper  labial  shields  posterior  to  the  eye  being  larger 
and  higher,  in  the  median  occipital  plate  being  pointed  instead  of 
truncated  boliiud,  in  tho  larger  number  of  body  scales,  the  smaller 
8120  of  tho  spines,  bordering  the  anterior  edge  of  the  ear,  and 
in  having  5  Instead  of  3  pole  bands  which  extend  well  on  to  th& 
lose  of  til  a  tail. 

The  imporfoet  specimen  of  Tiliqua  trmUata^  Gray,  of  Central 
India,  presented  by  myself,  still  exists  in  the  Museum  here,  and  is 
evidently  a  distinct  species  fi-om  T.  ruft^acem  (ur  mrinata^  S  c  h  n  e  i  d.) 
of  which  it  ia  claJSStHl  as  a  variety  by  O  anther,  dilfering,  aa 
Theobald,  remaiked  by  ita  5-keelcd  scales.  Its  head  also  m 
Qvtor  anil  higher,  and  there  are  some  other  p<*ints  of  difference. 
Neither  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e  nor  myself  have  found  an  identified 
Zffffoioma  Busiumimi  of  D.  and  B.,  &om  the  Malabar  Coast,  which 


74 


Fro€0$iin^B  of  the  A$iatic  Bmkty, 


[Mae. 


0  ii  B  t  h  e  r  eiroQeously  identifies  with  Eumece^  mdicuif   a  large 
apecies  which  I  obtained  in  warm  ToUeys  in  Sikim. 

S^Teral  scinka  obtained  by  Dr.  S  toliczka  within  our  limits^ 
and  described  by  Steindachner,  have  to  be  added  to  oiir 
Beptile  Fauna,  viz.  Euprepes  Ptftersii  froin  Charaba,  Mocoa  Bhjthii 
from  the  Wangur  valley,  and  Mocoa  Stoliczkana  fi'om  Spiti,  &c. 

I  found  the  beautiful  Pseudopwt  graciUs  very  commoa  at  Shillong, 
The  spots  on  the  body  described  as  blauk  or  dusky,  are  in  the  living 
animal  a  beautiful  and  shining  turquoise  blue,  q^uite  similar  to  those 
of  the  European  species, 

I  have  ascertained  that  the  very  curious  Sphenocephalus  tridaei^^ 
Z«w  of  B 1  y  t  h,  stated  to  be  from  Afghanistan,  is  very  eommon  in 
the  desert  and  sandy  parts  of  the  Sotithem  and  Western  Punjab, 
extending  quite  to  the  borders  of  Sindh,  and  probably  throughoat 
the  hitter  country  also.  Indeed,  I  should  doubt  its  occurrence  at 
all  in  tlie  elevated  region  of  Afjjhanistan*  It  is  known  in  those 
parts  of  the  Punjab  which  it  irequonts  as  the  Ri<f  Mtlhi  i,  e»  Sand- 
fish,  the  same  name  by  which  the  Scimua  officinalis  is  known  by  and 
sold  in  Indian  bazars,  both  being  esteemed  aphrodisiac.  Its  habits 
when  alive  folly  bear  out  Mr,  B 1  y  t  h  '  s  conjecture  on  this  point ;  it 
diTOS  into  the  sand  with  great  ease  and  celerity. 

Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  o  lately  detected  a  very  curious  lizard  of  this 
family  Scpsidw  in  the  Museum  at  Madras,  which  he  doacribod  as 
Sphmocephalusf  petUaductf^lm*  (Madr,  Jour.  Med.  So,  1870,  No.  1^ 
p,  30),    It  is  stated  to  be  from  the  banks  of  a  river  in  Malabar. 

Among  the  Geckos,  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e  has  discovered  several  new 
Hemidactifli  and  GifmnodactyU^  besides  my  G\  Malaharicus  whi«h  he 
has  quite  recently  sent  me  from  the  foot  of  one  of  the  ghats  leading 
from  Lognaad  into  lower  ^Malabar,  where  also  I  proeiu'ed  ray  speci- 
mens, Memidacfj/fuft  aurantiacuSf  and  JT,  reiiculttfm  are  described 
(1.  cit)  by  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e  from  Shevaroys  and  Colegal  respec- 
tively. 

I  have  recently  got  JTemidacii/hn  triedrm  from  Bandelkund  sent 
me  by  Colonel  T  i  o  r  n  a  n  to  whom  I  had  written  to  endeavour  to 
procure  the  specimens  of  an  Agumoid  lizard  hereafter  to  be  noticed. 

The  Oijmnodactyli  arc  named  by  Maj*  B  e  d  d  o  m  e  re8poctively  G^ 
marmoralm^  gracUtu  fF^naademi^  and  ornatus,  and  I  find  from  my 


1870.] 


Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society » 


75 


drawings  that  I  had  previously  faund  Wytmademis  in  the  Bame 
difitiict.  These  small  G^mnodactyli  resemble  each  other  very  closely, 
aad  jKJBsihly  one  of  them  may  on  comparison  be  found  identical  with 
G,  Jerdoni^  described  by  Theobald  in  his  catalogue.  Major  B.j 
has  ascertained  that  G.  indicHSf  Gray,  described  from  speeimen 
Bent  home  by  myself  haa  generally  an  unequal  number  of  pores  on 
one  side  than  on  the  other  side*  A  very  curious  new  form  has  been 
described  by  B  e  d  d  o  m  e,  from  the  Tnpatty  hills  in  North  Ai'cot,  aa 
Oalodact^lui  aureus.  The  Gecko  has  the  ends  of  the  toes  dilated  into 
larf^je  dis^ks,  (vide  Madras  Med.  Joum.  1870,  No.  I,  p.  30,  pi,  II), 

My  G,  littoralis  has  hitherto  not  occurred  to  Major  B  o  d  d  o  m  Of 
OP  any  of  his  collectors,  but,  I  have  little  doubt,  will  yot  reward  their 
labours.  It  is  very  distinct  fi*om  any  of  the  other  small  Geckos,  having 
the  bassil  plates  of  the  toes  much  dilated, — especially  the  mosi 
anterior  one  which  is  double  the  size  of  the  othera  and  somewhati 
nail-shaped ;  beyond  this  the  apical  portion  of  the  phalanges  are 
composeil  of  small  narrow  plates  all  terminating  in  nails.  The  sub- 
caudal  BcutfiB  are  large. 

I  have  recently  obtained  what  appears  to  be  a  fine  new  species 
of  Fentadtteii/liis  of  G  u  n  t  h  o  r  from  the  Khasi  hills.  This  I  shall 
call  P.  Khasiensis,  It  has  numerous  larger  rounded  tubercles  mixed 
with  the  very  small  scales  of  the  back.  The  nostrils  are  situated 
between  the  rostral,  1st  labial  and  a  supranasal,  and  are  followed  by 
several  small  scales.  There  ai-e  10  upi^er  labials,  the  last  long  and 
somewhat  undulating  on  its  upper  edge,  and  11  lower  labials. 
The  body  above  is  covered  with  about  three  series  of  elongated 
spots,  whit^  become  two  at  base  of  tail,  and  finally  unite  into  one. 
It  is  a  large  species. 

I  possess  one  or  two  spocimcns  of  KijcteridtUfn  Schneider t  from  the ' 

tiasi  hills ;  rare  apparently  so  far  nortli,  though  it  is  mentioned  by 
G  ii  n  t  h  e  r  itom  Assam  and  Bengal  The  only  other  novelty  to 
mention  in  this  family  is  a  species  of  Eahlepharis  which  appears 
distinct  from  both  Hardwikii  and  maculariust  a  species  not  in 
G  ii  n  t  h  e  r,  but  recorded  in  Theobald's  Catologue.  Unfortu- 
nately it  is  only  a  young  specimen  and  imperfect.  I  got  it  in  Hurriana 
and  shall  provisionally  C4ill  it  2r«i^<?p/iflrf«yWi'rf^^«  It  has  the  lar- 
ger tuberdes  of  the  back  larger  and  ilner  than  in  maculmim^  and 


76  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Societ}/.  [IVLui. 

less  close  cmd  narrower  than  in  Hardwickii,  It  is  beautifully 
tanded  with  white,  having  one  nuchal  band  as  in  the  last  named 
species,  but  3  dorsal  ones,  besides  one  on  the  root  of  the  tail.  Its 
head  and  body  are  1 J  inches  long,  but  the  tail  is  imperfect. 

Of  the  Agamida  I  have  obtained  two  apparently  new  species  of 
Japalura,  one  from  Sikkim,  the  other  from  the  Khasi  hills,  which  I 
have  named  respectively  microlepis  and  planidorsata.  The  former, 
of  which  I  only  obtained  one  specimen,  differs  conspicuously  from 
vancgata,  which  is  also  extremely  common  in  Darjeoling,  by  the 
much  smaller  scales  being  more  sparingly  mixed  with  large  ones. 
The  back  is  reddish,  abruptly  separated  from  the  greenish  color 
of  the  sides  by  a  series  of  somewhat  raised  scales  ;  the  dorsal  crest 
is  very  low  and  continued  to  the  base  of  the  tail.  The  head  and 
body  is  2 1  inches  ;  the  tail  (imperfect)  24. 

The  other  new  species  is  a  very  remarkable  one,  lately  procured  in 
the  Khasi  hills ;  the  back  is  very  flat,  in  which  it  resembles  the  last ; 
it  has  no  nuchal  nor  dorsal  crest,  but  a  double  series  of  very  slightly 
enlarged  keeled  scales  separated  by  only  one  row  of  smaller  scales, 
but  on  the  neck  by  four  or  five ;  and  there  are  several  series  of 
angidarly  bent  larger  scales,  the  angles  directed  backwards.  The 
superciliary  scales  are  strongly  keeled,  and  there  are  several  scales 
above  the  tympanum  enlarged  and  prominent.  It  has  a  strong 
similarity  in  the  arrangement  of  the  scales  to  Japalura  Swinhonia 
from  China. 

One  specimen  jfrom  head  and  body  nearly  2,  tail  about  3  J  inches. 
I  found  two  specimens  only.  They  are  of  a  dull  yellowish  colour 
with  dusky  cross  bands,  and  the  sides  mottled  dusky. 

Peters*  has  two  sub-genera,  which  with  Japalura  should  perhaps 
form  sub-divisions  of  Otoergptis,  all  agreeing  in  the  concealed 
tympanum.  He  describes  a  Ptgcolamm  gularia  from  Calcutta 
(bought). 

The  smaller  race  of  Si  tana ,  being  the  one  procured  at  Pondi- 
cherry  and  the  south  of  India,  must  retain  Guerin's  name  of  Sitana 
ponticeriana  ;  and  the  Deccan  species,  being  the  larger  of  the  two, 
caimot  weU  stand  as  S.  minor,  and  will  require  a  new  name,  for 
whicli  I  propose  Beccanensis,  that  part  of  India  being  its  head 
c[uarters. 

•  Monat.  Borl.  Akad.,  1864,  p.  386. 


1870.]  jProeeedmffBoftheAHiaUcSocipfy,  77 

I  have  also  got  one  speoimoTi  of  a  now  OrencaUiies^  from  llio  valloy 
of  the  Sutlej  near  Kotegurh,  wliirh  Iirall  Orcovaluten  major,  I  liavo 
not  seen  a  specimen  noradrawinj^  of  Or  rind  lot  en  minor  to  crnniijirrit 
with,  but  it  difTors  from  tho  doscription  of  that  spircij's  hy  its  hinnlltr 
andmuch  more  numerous  body  s»'ah.!S,  by  tlii^  abdoiniiuil  s(  jil<*s  brin*:; 
conspicuously  larger  tliau  those  of  the  sid«js  and  in  its  mode  n('(ul(»ra- 
tion.  The  general  colour  is  i)ur2)li.sli  grey  above,  wit  li  somo  Mark  cross 
bands  on  the  head,  Avhich  beoome  arrow  .sbiiped  on  the  trunk  and 
the  root  of  the  tail;  a  blackish  band  runs  from  bcliind  tlu?  cvo 
along  the  side  of  the  neck;  tlio  sides  of  tlit^  body  are  ^rciMi,  mixed 
"with  black,  (the  black  scales  being  small  and  smooth,  and  tlio 
green  ones  large  and  kcided)  ;  limbs  and  tail  with  dusky  cross 
bands  and  rings;  the  tliroat  wliitisli,  witli  a  U)\\  black  specks,  and 
a  verylsmall  light  purple  gidar  lap  ;  belly  tawny  wliitc?  with  brown 
Cfpecks.     Length  9)  inches  ;  the  tail  being  rather  more  than  G. 

Beddome  has  recently  got  specimens  of  Calotcs  Al/iolli,  tho 
O.  RotU'i  of  my  catalogue  from  the  Avesteru  forests. 

I  have  got  five  sjjocimeus  of  Calvtes  Maria  from  the  Khasi  hills,  and 
of  a  second  8X)ecies  which  is  apparently  B 1  y  t  h  *  s  Calotaif  platt/vcps. 
This  dill*ei*s  conspicuously  from  G,  Maria  by  the  fewer  scales  of  tho 
body,  the  voiy  much  larger  scales  of  the  throat,  the  lower  sincipitiJ 
crests,  tho  inferior  of  whitrh  is  situate  immediately  above  the  orbit, 
and  not  at  a  distance  as  in  Maria.  Both  are  beautifully  gi-eeu  with 
more  or  less  various  marks.  C  maria^  being  much  tho  largest 
species,  some  specimens  measuring  18  implies,  of  which  the  tail  is 
above  13.  C  j!>/rt///r/;/^.9  scarcel}""  exceeds  12  or  13  inches,  the  tail 
being  9. 

I  much  doubt  the  occurrence  of  G,  Maria  in  the  North  Western 
Hinndayas,  whem^e  recorded  by  G  ii  u  t  h  o  r  on  the  authority  oi'  ono 
of  the  S  c  h  1  a  g  i  n  t  w  o  i  t  s  ;  but,  as  I  will  have  fre([iuMit  occasions 
to  note  in  my  **  lieptiles  of  India,"  several  of  the  habitats  of  tho 
Peptiles  given  by  tho  brothers  S  c  h  1  a  g  i  n  t  w  e  i  t  appear  to  be 
erroneous,  probably  from  disidacements  of  hdicls. 

Oriofiaris  EUioiti^  Giinthor,  is  clearly  Calotes  tricar inafiis^ 
B 1  y  t  h,  which  that  natiu'alist  in  a  MS.  copy  of  Ids  paper  **  on  some 
^Reptiles'*  <S:c.,  forwarded  to  mo,  has  marked  new  genm.  It  is  rather 
uncommon  about  Darj  celi ug,  and  never  grows  to  a  large  size. 
G  U  n  t  h  0  r  strangely  i)ut3  its  with  a  query  as  Calotes  Maria. 


?8 


Proaedingi  of  th^  Asiatic  Soeifit^. 


[IIar. 


One  of  the  type  speeiraena  of  my  CalotM  nemoritmla  still  exists, 
though  much  injured,  in  the  Museum  here,  and  it  is  very  distinct 
from  €.  gigtuiy  also  from  the  same  locality. 

The  only  Agamofd  lizai'd  noted  in  my  Catalogue  is  the  one  de- 
Bcribed  by  B 1  y  t  h  from  specimens  obtained  by  myself  at  Saugor  in 
^  Central  India  as  Braelnfmura  ornnta^  All  my  endeavoura  to  pi-ocure 
Kpecimons  for  a  more  minute  examination  of  this  very  curious  form 
have  hitherto  failed.  From  some  remarks  made  to  me  by  Colonel 
T  y  1 1  e  r,  I  wiis  led  to  believe  that  Bundelkund  wmiltl  prove  to  be  the 
head  quarters  of  thia  Agamoid,  and  this  indeed  is  highly  probable,  but 
Colonel  Tiornan  to  whom  I  applied  has  not  yet  succeeded  in  get- 
ting me  specdmena.  Till  some  one  with  sufficient  siiontillc  proclivities 
ax  ami  new  those  districts,  we  must  rest  satisfied  with  our  incomplete 
information.  From  a  rough  sketch  of  the  Lizard  and  some  of  ite 
details,  I  ran  add  to  the  notes  furnished  by  B 1  y  t  h,  the  following 
Bcraps  of  its  structure. — Scales  rather  large,  in  distinct  transverse 
bands,  not  directed  so  obliquely  upwards  as  in  Cahie^^  not  quite  so 
straight  as  in  SaUa,  nostrils  at  some  distance  from  the  snout  in  a 
large  scale  j  a  distant  fihoulder  fold  ;  one  large  tuberculate  scale  in 
the  middle  of  the  head,  surroimded  by  smaller  4 — 6  sided  ones  ;  a 
ridge  of  strong  scales  protecting  the  eye.  Length  of  one  about  0 
inches,  the  tail  being  not  qiute  3. 

To  tlie  section  of  Rook  lizards^  I  have  to  add  a  species  of  Tt^apdm^ 
also  from  the  Alpine  Punjab,  quite  distinct  from  G  linther^s 
Si^apilm  msgalonijXu  The  central  shields  of  the  head,  2  or  3  series, 
mre  large  ;  the  upper  lip  is  sun-onnded  by  31-32,  instead  of 
39  shields,  there  are  no  conspicuously  large  shields  on  back 
and  sides  ;  the  scales  on  the  upper  base  of  the  tail  conspicuous- 
ly larger  than  those  on  the  under  side  ;  the  foreleg  does  not 
reach  the  hip*joiiit ;  the  nails  are  snb-equal  and  all  very  much 
emaller  than  the  thumb  ;  coloration  yellowiBh  brown,  with  a  series 
of  dark  brown  oblique  bands  interrupted  on  the  median  line  and 
on  the  sides,  below  pale  yeDowish.  Length  of  specimen  7  inches, 
the  tail  being  44. 

Agama  (ujili$^  i>  1  i  v.,  an  African  Lizard,  was  added  to  the  peninsu- 
lar Fauna  by  Theobald*  who  obtained  it  in  the  Panjab  Salt 
Bange.    I  have  never  observed  it* 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  79 

I  am  not  quite  satisfied  of  the  distinctness  of  S'ellio  indicm  and 
Laudakia  tiibercalatay  or  ratbier  I  am  inclined  to  class  them  with 
Giinthor  as  one,  but  unfortunately  I  did  not  secure  many  spe- 
cimens (for  comparison)  from  different  localities. 

Steindachner's  Stellio  Kiinalaijanus,  brought  byStoliczka 
from  Ladak  and  Tibet,  is  quite  distinct,  but  hardly  enters  our 
province. 

From  information,  recently  sent  me  by  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e,  the 
beautiful  Liohpis  guttata  must  be  added  to  the  Peninsular  Faunn, 
I  sent  him  a  specimen  procured  by  myself  at  Thayetmyo,  and  he  in 
reply  wrote  back  that  he  had  recently  got  this  Lizard  from  Canara, 
quite  identical  with  my  Burmese  specimen.  This  is  a  highly  in- 
teresting addition  to  our  Peninsidar  Reptile  Fauna. 

In  my  Reptiles  of  Sth.  India,  under  the  head  of  Acanthodactglas 
Nilgheriensis,  I  state  that  I  have  reasons  for  believing  that  that 
IJzard,  and  the  Chameleon  named  in  my  Catalogue  as  O.  pumilus 
from  the  Nilghorrios,  on  the  authority  of  Walter  Elliot,  were  most 
probably  Cape  species  that  had  somehow  got  mixed  with  his  In- 
dian specimens. 

Dr.  Stoliczka  has  pointed  out  (Proceedings  Avsiat.  Soc.  for 
Jany.  1870,  p.  2,)  that  the  ridge  on  the  upi>er  part  of  the  head  of 
the  Indian  Ch.  rulgaris  are  stronger  than  in  the  African  form,  and 
that  there  are  no  lateral  longituilinal  bands  on  the  body.  These  and 
fK)me  other  differences  are,  by  no  means,  opposed  to  the  once  current 
opinion,  that  the  Indian  form  is  specifically  distinct  from  the 
African,  the  former  having  been  called  Ch,  Ceglonicns,  Laur. 

Among  Ophidian  Reptiles  I  have  fewer  novelties  to  point  out 
than  in  the  Saurian  or  Batrachian  Reptiles. 

A  considerable  number  of  new  species  of  the  curious  earth 
Snakes,  chiefly  of  the  families  of  Uropeltiday  have  been  added  by 
Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e.  The  remarkable  Xenopeltis  nnicolor  has  been 
obtained  in  Southern  India,  as  recorded  by  Theobald.  Amidst 
the  multitude  of  species  of  the  families  now  known  to  science,  I 
am  not  certain  to  wliich  my  throe  species  of  CyUndrophis  can  be 
referred,  but  with  regard  to  my  placing  them  in  that  genus,  I  have 
the  authority  of  Pr.  Cantor  (to  whom  I  referred  several  of  my 
doubtfid  species),  and  whose  remarks  I  now  keep  in  possession. 


80 


Proceedings  of  the  AttinUc  BochUf, 


[Mar. 


Under  the  head  of  OUfodm^  I  have  only  to  remark  tliat  I  helieve 
the  figui'o  of  EiiBBoll  I,  pi.  19,  which  hasbeon  (.'tilled  Col.  trnttwiotut, 
but  generally  referred  to  the  young  of  Tripidonntm  stolatusy  refers 
to  a  species  of  Oligodon,  ThMgf>nor»l  aspect,  shoii,  head,  markings, 
ehort  tail  and  few  sub-caudal  scuta  are  all  marks  of  that  group,  and 
the  presence  of  palatine  teeth  recorded  by  Russell  is  not  a  certain 
negatiye  sign,  for  I  see  that  several  of  this  gmuxJ  have  lately  boon 
fihowB  to  possess  them*  Whether  this  snake  can  bo  referred  to 
one  of  the  lately  deafttibod  Rpecies  or  not,  it  must  (in  case  my  obaer- 
Tations  are  verified)  stand  as  Oltgodon  tmmhitum* 

I  lately  procured  two  species  of  C^chphis  in  the  Khasi  hills. 
One  of  thorn  appears  to  be  Ctfclophh  framtias  of  G  ii  n  t  h  er,  de* 
scribed  from  Afghanistan  and  Mesopotamia.  The  only  diiTerence 
I  con  detect  in  the  description  is,  that  in  my  specimen,  the 
temporals  are  2  -|-  2,  the  first  temporal  having  apparently  a  small 
one  cut  out  of  its  anterior  edge,  Li-*nglh  of  my  spoeimeu  I4l,  tho 
tail  being  4  J. 

A  specimen*^  in  the  Mnaoum  (No.  8 1  J),  marked  Blpma  monticoh^ 
Cantor  apud  B  1  y  t  h,  appears  to  he  the  same  species  ;  a  second 
BmaU  black  mark  begins  behind  aad  below  the  gape,  continued  as  a 
line  of  specks  on  two  or  three  lowest  emeries  of  acales»  and  finally  just 
forming  a  dark  edging  above  and  below  tho  last  row  of  long  scales^ 
and  is  lust  on  the  posterior  part  of  body  ;  below  pale  yellow. 

The  other  species  is  a  much  smaller  snake,  a  female,  only  7} 
inches  long,  having  5  large  eggs  in  her  g  X  fV  of  an  inch.  The 
tail  was  1  J.  The  single  laige  nasal  is  postoiiurly  obliquely  slit  up  to 
the  edge,  one  preocular  and  two  postoculars ;  the  supraciliaries  small 
and  oecipitals  large ;  15  scales;  ventral  scuta  127  to  135,  and  33 
to  38  sttb-caudals,  Tho  color  is  brown,  with  a  pale  lateral  band 
from  the  eye  extending  to  the  tip  of  the  tail  j  below  this  a  mottled 
brown  and  yeEowish  band ;  chin,  throat  and  anterior  part  of 
neck  yellow,  the  rest  of  the  lower  parts  red.  Upper  labials  6, 
normally,  the  last  three  sub-equal  in  size,  and  not  as  in  fr^natu* 
where  the  Gtli  is  as  large  as  the  -Ith  or  5th  together ;  temporals  1  -(-  1- 
I  propose  for  this  one  tho  name  of  Cgclophts  ruhrivenier. 

I  obtained  one  small  specimen  of  a  snake  in  lower  hills  of  the 

•  Tbii  ij  io  ftll  ftppeapancft  the  tjpo  of  B I  y  t  h*a  D.  monikola^  Cant.  [Enir.] 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  Bl 

Nortli  Western  Himalayas,  which  from  its  long  snout  ought  to  be 
placed  among  the  Dryophida ;  but  the  scales  are  not  lengthened,  it 
has  the  coloration  of  a  young  Compsosoma,  and  the  tail  is  short, 
with  few  sub-caudals.  The  specimen  unfortunately  is  not  in  very 
good  order,  and  I  do  not  like  to  name  it  at  present.  The  head  is 
somewhat  depressed,  with  a  long-pointed  snout,  very  distinct  from 
the  neck ;  eye  of  moderate  size ;  body  not  compressed ;  nostril 
much  higher  than  broad,  extending  on  the  upper  surface  of  the 
snout;  anterior  parietals  only  a  little  smallefl^' than  the  posterior  ; 
nostril  in  one  long  nasal,  faintly  grooved  ;  one  loreal  rather  larger 
than  high  ;  two  preoculars,  the  lower  one  touching  3  upper  labials, 
and  two  postoculars ;  temporals  2  +  2  -}-  3,  or  the  first  upper  one 
divided  into  two ;  8  upper  labials,  5th  and  the  edge  of  the  6th 
enter  orbit;  19  rows  of  smooth  scales;  175  ventral  scutse  and  44 
pairs  of  sub-caudals.  The  second  pair  of  chin  shields  is  the  largest 
and  ridged  externally.  Length  of  specimen,  12  J  inches,  the  tail 
being  1|. 

I  obtained  another  very  remarkable  snake  quite  recently  on  the 
Khasi  hills,  which  does  not  agree  with  any  recorded  genus  (to  de- 
scription of  which  I  have  access),  and  the  family  to  which  it  belongs 
is  also  doubtful.  It  has  a  blunt  head,  very  distinct  from  the  thin 
nock ;  long,  rather  compressed  body,  and  long  tail ;  its  scales  are 
very  numerous,  not  imbricated  (as  in  some  of  the  JTomalopsidai),  and 
the  shields  of  the  head  are  short,  and  do  not  cover  the  occiput,  but 
the  nostrils  appear  to  be  lateral. 

I  propose  calling  the  genus  after  our  accomplished  and  able 
Secretary  in  the  Natural  History  Department,  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka, 
and  the  species — 

Stoliczlcia  Khasiensis. — It  has  two  pairs  of  frontals,  the  first  pair 
very  small  and  from  the  state  of  the  specimen  rather  difficult  to 
notice ;  the  second  one  very  large.  The  rostrum  is  slightly  injured, 
but  the  nostrils  appear  to  be  lateral,  though  placed  rather  in  front, 
and  apparently  surrounded  by  a  slightly  swollen  edge  ;  the  vertical 
is  very  short,  broader  than  long ;  the  supraorbitals  rather  small ;  one 
large  preocular  ;  2  postoculars  ;  no  large  temporals,  small  scales 
like  those  of  the  body  immediately  following  the  postocular  ;  8 
upper  labials,  5th  and  6th  entering  tlie  orbit,  the  last  very  long  ; 


82  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Mar. 

3  pairs  of  small  chin  shields  ;  27  to  31  rows  of  small  lengthened 
ovate  tuberculatod  or  ridged  scales,  increasing  in  size  towards  the 
ventrals,  those  forming  the  last  row  on  either  side  being  largest ; 
ventral  scutce  207,  anal  undivided;  sub-candals  114,  single.  Length 
of  specimen,  26 J  inches,  the  tail  being  7J.  Colour  a  dusky  plumbe- 
ous above,  white  below. 

Some  of  the  characters  of  this  remarkable  species  approximate  it 
to  the  Bendrophida  :  its  somewhat  depressed  head,  long  thin  neck, 
compressed  body,  and  long  tail,  scales  increasing  in  size  towards  the 
ventrals  &c.  ;  in  the  character  of  the  shields  of  the  head,  and  of  the 
scales  of  the  body,  it  resembles  certain  Homalopsida^  and  its  short 
blunt  head  has  an  appearance  of  some  of  the  AmhlycephaUdeB,  and 
it  has  the  single  sub-caudals  of  CercmpiR  and  AmhhjcepJialus, 
I  shall  not  attempt  now  to  refer  it  to  any  family,  but  leave  that  for 
the  future. 

I  obtained  a  single  example  of  the  very  rare  Xenurelaps  hungu^ 
roides,  Elaps  hunguroides  of  Cantor,  of  which  only  one  specimen 
is  known,  the  type  example  in  the  Museum  at  Oxford.  My 
specimen  is  a  rather  smaller  one,  being  15  inches,  of  which  the  tail 
is  2J^.  It  has  224  ventral  scuta)  and  44  sub-caudals,  and  13  to  15  rows 
of  scales  on  the  body.  It  only  diflPers  from  Giinther's  description 
by  having  one  white  intercepted  line  commencing  on  the  vertical, 
and  extending  to  the  throat  on  each  side.  When  alive,  the  color  of 
the  body  was '  a  deep  rich  madder-brown,  and  the  bands  were 
yellow,  paling  posteriorly.  The  chin  and  throat  are  whitish,  which 
passes  into  red,  gradually  deepening  on  the  posterior  part  of  the 
body  and  tail,  and  there  are  numerous  oblong  black  marks  on  the 
abdominal  and  sub -caudal  centres. 

The  number  of  anurous  Batrachians  noted  by  me  in  my  paper 
formerly  alluded  to,  from  Southern  India,  was  28.  Of  these,  two  are 
doubtfid,  as  distinct  from  allied  species,  r/«.,  Rana  nilagirica  from 
R.  gracilis^  my  R.  agrieola,  and  Pyxicephalus  fodiens  from  P.  hrevis,  my 
P.  phivialia.  Of  the  other  supposed  now  six^cies  named  there,  three 
have  been  described  by  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r  under  different  names,  and  Major 
B  e  d  d  o  m  e  and  myself  have  obtained  these,  and  all  the  other  sup- 
posed new  species,  with  two  exceptions,  which  I  doubt  not   will  yet 


1870.]  ProceedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  83 

be  procured  by  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  o.  Tliis  gentleman  has  also  found 
at  least  six  new  species  not  observed  by  myself. 

I  have  also  obtained  at  Daijeeling"  and  the  Khasi  hills  at  least 
6  now  species.  I  can  only  enumerate  these  here,  but  will  endeavour 
to  give  recognizable  characters  in  another  paper. 

Bana  crassa  of  my  Catalogue  has  been  noticed  by  Theobald, 
and  is  distinct  from  Rana  KukUi  of  Ceylon  which  it  much  resembles. 

I  have  obtained  one  fine  new  Rana  at  Darjeeling,  somewhat 
allied  to  R.  Liehigii^  but  distinguished  from  it  by  its  more  fully 
webbed  feet.     I  call  this  Rana  Sikimensis, 

B  o  d  d  o  m  e  has  got  one  new  very  handsomely  marked  true  frog 
from  Southern  India,  which  ho  names  Rana  vittata.  Ho  has  also 
procured  my  Rana  fiavescens  and  R,  curtipes,  both  which  are 
Rylorana^  and  quite  recently  Kijlorana  Malaharica,  sufficiently  dis- 
tinct from  Giinther's  JT.  temporalis  of  Ceylon,  as  indeed  that  na- 
turalist suspected,  though  he  had  not  seen  Malabarica,  My  Hylorana 
curtipes  is  a  most  distinct  form  from  Jfal^barica,  and  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r  must 
have  had  a  very  hazy  idea  of  Malabarica,  when  he  asserted,  on  see- 
ing a  copy  of  my  drawing  of  IT,  curtipes^  that  it  was  most  probably 
M.  Malaharicaj  he  himself  acknowledging  that  he  had  never  seen 
that  species. 

B  e  d  d  o  m  e  has  sent  another  small  species  of  Hylorana  which 
he  calls  H,  hipunctata, 

A  species  of  Hylorana  common  at  ShiUong,  which,  from  its  colora- 
tion, I  considered  at  the  time  to  be  erythrcea,  I  find  on  examination 
and  comparison  of  specimens  to  bo  quite  new,  and  shall  from  its 
most  curious  bird-like  voice  call  it  Hylorana  pipiem.  It  has  much 
larger  legs  than  any  of  the  other  Indian  Hylorana,  and  is  of  a 
mufli  more  slender  habit  altogether,  with  longer  and  sharper 
muzzle  and  more  slender  limbs. 

My  Polypedates  variabilis  is  tlio  same  as  P.  pleurostictus^  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r, 
as  ho  himself  8a«»x^ected.  B  o  d  d  o  m  o  has  obtained  one  small  new 
specaos  of  this  genus,  and  I  have  got  three  new  ones,  one  very  re- 
markable one  from  Sikkim,  and  two  boautifid  si)ecies  from  the 
Khasi  hiUs.  A  very  large  green  backed  one  is  perhaps  the  one 
just  mentioned  by  B 1  y  t  h  in  a  note  as  Polyp,  sinaragdinus  from  the 
Naga  hills,  which  name  I  shall  retain  for   it.     The   other  Khasi 


S4  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [MaA. 

one  is  a  complete  link  to  RhacophoniSy  having  the  basal  portion  of 
the  fingers  webbed.  It  is  a  very  beautiful  si)ecies  which  I  shall 
call  P.  annectans, 

P,  smaragdinus  grows  to  a  large  size,  about  equalling  Pol. 
marmoratuSy  B 1  y  t  h,  {Afghnna,  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r).  It  resembles  P.  macula' 
tm  something  in  habit,  but  is  not  so  slender  :  the  upper  suirface 
of  the  head  and  hind  neck  is  slightly  rough  with  minute  tubercles, 
whilst  the  lower  surface  of  body  Ls  perfectly  smooth.  The  body  is 
not  nearly  so  long  as  the  hind  leg  to  the  heel,  whilst  in  nMcidatua 
it  is  as  long  or  slightly  longer.  Colour,  a  beautiful  green  above, 
below  yellow.  The  sides  of  body  and  thighs  variegated  and  banded 
with  reddish  brown  and  black.  The  disks  of  the  fingers  and  toes 
are  not  very  large.  Length  of  one,  head  and  body  3  J  inches,  hind 
leg  6}. 

I  obtained  Rhacophorus  gigas  in  Sikim  and  the  Khasi  hills,  where 
I  also  obtained  what  appears  to  be  the  true  Rhacophoras  Rein- 
wardtii.  This  is  a  much  smaller  species  than  gigas^  and  all  my 
Khasi  specimens  have  one  or  two  deep  blue  spots  on  the  sides  of 
the  body,  but  the  dark  mark  on  the  webs  of  the  toes  is  less  marked, 
than  in  the  figures  of  tliis  species  in  Schlegel. 

I  recorded  Rhacophorus  Reinwardtii  apud  D  u  m.  and  B  ib  ron, 
from  Malabar  in  my  Catalogue,  whence  it  was  also  procured  by  the 
French  collectors,  but  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r  has  entirely  ignored  this  genus  as 
from  Southern  India.  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e  has  sent  mo  a  specimen,  on 
comparing  which  with  Khasi  specimens  a  perceptible  difference  is 
apparent.  The  head  and  body  of  the  Malabar  are  indistinctly 
though  finely  tuberculatod  ;  the  habit  is  more  slender,  and  there  is 
a  distinct  fold  of  skin  over  the  eye  in  Reinwardtii^  absent  in  this. 
The  head  too  is  x^erhaps  a  trifle  longer.  I  shall  provisionally  call 
it  Rhacophorus  malaharicus.  It  has  the  spots  on  the  sides  of  the 
body,  so  ('onspicuous  in  Khasi  specimens  of  Rfinwardtii. 

I  have  also  got  a  new  Pgxiccphahis  from  the  Khasi  hills,  and 
B  o  d  d  o  m  e  has  sent  me  apparently  my  P.  rufescens  from  the 
Wynaad.  Ho  also  sent  me  small  specimens  o'f  P.  hrevicepsy  which 
from  their  appearance  during  life,  ho,  like  myself,  considered  to 
form  two  distinct  species,  and  which  Theobald  also  considers  to 
be  distinct. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  85 

I  obtained  numerous  speoiuiens  of  Xjeiwphnja  nvonticolaj  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r, 
botli  at  Darjeeliug  and  the  Khasi  hills.  It  has  distinct  vomorino 
teeth  which  G  u  n  t  h  e  r  was  unable  to  detect  in  the  specimens  of  tho 
British  Museum.  I  also  obtained  five  specimens  of  a  large  species  of 
Xenoph'ijs  both  in  Sikim  and  the  Khasi  hills,  which  I  propose 
describing  as  Xenophrys  gigas. 

Besides  Ixalus  tinniem,  Ixalm  femoralis  fglandulosa  of  my  Cata- 
logue), /.  Wynaademisj  and  /.  opisthorJwdm  (my  Limnodytes  phyllo- 
philajy  all  of  which  B  e  d  d  o  m  e  has  obtained,  he  has  got  at  least 
three  new  species  of  this  genus  in  Southern  India ;  and  I  have  got 
another  in  the  Khasis. 

B  e  d  d  o  m  e  has  likewise  obtained  Caloula  montana  of  my  Catalo- 
gue, which  appears  perhaps  to  be  C,  ohscura  of  G  ii  n  t  h  e  r,  and 
another  species  which  I  have  not  yet  seen,  but  which,  from  his 
description,  appears  to  be  C.  guttulata  of  Pegu,  lately  figured  by 
G  ii  n  t  h  e  r.  He  has  also  procured  a  small  form  allied  to  Caloula^ 
which  appears  to  be  identical  in  generic  form  with  one  obtained 
by  Dr.  Stoliczka  in  Fonang,  for  wliich  he  proposes  the  name  of 
Ansonia,  and  which  he  will  liimself  describe  shortly. 

I  have  procured  Diplopehna  rubrwn  from  Nellore  where  I  first 
obtained  it,  and  it  appears  to  be  one  of  the  varieties  of  Dipiopelma 
ornatum  apud  GUnther,  asl  see  that  many  sj^ecimons  were  pre- 
sented by  myself,  but  I  consider  it  perfectly  distinct  from  D,  ornatum 
ofDumeril  and  B  i  b  r  o  n,  with  which  my  D,  malaharicum  is 
perhaps  identical.  I  have  also  received  from  Major  B  e  d  d  o  m  e  a 
specimen  of  D.  carnaticum  of  my  Catalogue,  which  again  is  quit« 
distinct  from  D,  ruhrum,  and  apx)ears  to  be  generally  spread.  I  have 
specimens  from  Assam  and  Central  India. 

II.  Observations  ox  some  species  of  Indian  birds,  lately 
PUBLISHED  in  THE  Society's  Journal, — by  Allan  0.  Hume, 
C.  B.     (Abstract). 

This  paper  contains  much  additional  information  regarding  some 
species  of  birds  which  have  been  noticed  in  Vol.  xxxviii,  Pt.  2, 
of  our  Journal  by  Mr.  W.  T.  Blanford.  !^^r.  Hume  has  been 
for  many  years  paying  special  attention  to  Indian  Ornitliology,  and 
with   the  help  of  many  friends  has  brought  togeilier   one  of  tho 


86  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Maiu 

£nest  coUections  of  Indian  birds.  At  the  same  time,  Le  has  collected 
a  very  large  amount  of  new  information  regarding  many  birds  which 
previously  were  hardly  or  only  little  known,  and  such  additional 
observations  on  some  species,  formerly  recorded  by  Mr.  W.  T. 
Blanford,  he  offers  in  the  present  paper  which  will  be,  it  ia 
hoped,  soon  published  in  the  Society's  Journal. 

m. — Note  on  a  few  species  of  Andaalaj^ese  landshells,  lately 

DESCRIBED   IN    AmEEICAN    JoUENAL    OF    CoXCHOLOGY, — by    Dr.    F. 

Stoliczka. 

The  last  number  of  the  above  Journal,  Part  2,  vol.  v.,  (i).  109, 
pi.  10)  brought  us  a  welcome  addition  to  Indian  Conchology  in  the 
way  of  illustrations  of  weU  known  species,  described  under  new 
names.  The  paper  to  which  I  allude  is  entitled  "  Descriptions  of 
new  species  of  terrestrial  Mollusca  from  the  Andaman  islands,  Indian 
Archipelago,  by  Geo.  W.  T  r  y  o  n,  Jr." 

It  is  not  my  object  to  point  out  the  very  vague  knowledge  the 
author  of  the  above  paper  appears  to  possess  of  the  history  and 
geography  of  our  Andaman  settlement.  It  would  perhaps  be  un- 
fair to  expect  from  the  author,  that  he  should  know  that  this  settle- 
ment has  now  a  population  of  about  8000  or  more  foreign  inhabitants 
(European  and  native),  and  that  it  has  been  the  largest  Indian  con- 
vict settlement  for  upwards  of  12  years.  It  is  also  probably  not  to 
be  expected  that  the  author  should  be  acquainted  with  the  numerous 
publications  in  our  Journal  regarding  the  fauna  of  those  islands 
by  Mr.  E.  Blyth,  by  Col.  Tytler  and  Lieut.  Beavan  in 
the  **  Ibis,"  with  various  papers  on  the  physical  geography  and 
the  population  of  those  islands,  (also  in  our  Journal),  with  Dr. 
M  o  u  a  t '  s  **  Adventures  and  researches  among  the  Andaman 
islanders,  London,  1863,"  together  with  an  appendix  on  the  fauna 
by  Mr.  Blyth,  and  i)erhaps  not  even  with  the  couple  of  scanty 
notices  in  our  Journal  b}'  Mr.  Theobald  regarding  the  shells 
of  those  islands, — but  how  Mr.  Try  on  could  have  overlooked 
a  well  known  species  described  by  Chemnitz  about  90  years 
ngo,  and  figured  in  E  e  e  v  e  '  s  Monograph,  and  moreover  the 
numerous  papers  of  Mr.  Benson  about  Andamanese  land- 
shells  in   the   Annals  and   Mag.   Nat.  Hist.,   between  the    years 


1870] 


Profnedin^g  ofihe  AiiaUe  Sociaiy* 


1H59  and  1864,  it  aeeras  almoRt  incrodible  to  an  Indian  natiindisfc 
to  believe !  TUu  words,  "as  I  cannol  discover  any  spwies'* 
attiibuted  to  these  islands  in  the  various  monographs**  appear  the 
more  romarkable,  as  Mr.  T  r  y  o  n  in  believed  to  have  for  years  paid 
ft])eeial  atteution  to  the  reviews  of  Conchological  Uteratiire,  and  m 
Editor  and  Racorder  of  the  Americau  Journal  at  one  time,  when 
epoaking  with  apparent  very  weij^hty  authority  on  the  Indian  Unfotij 
evinced  a  groat  interest  in  the  gonortil  welfare  of  Indian  Conchology  ! 
(vide  Am.  Joum.  Conch.  1867,  vol.  iii,  p.  201). 

There  are   abrjut  20   apeeies  of  landaholls    enumerated   by  Mr. 
Benson  and  Theobald    in  tlit^ir   publieati nns,    and  my   latdj 
Investigations  will  probably  increase    the  number   to   30*     Sod 
apeeies  are  identical  with  those  of  the  Nieoboje. 

In  order  to  prevent  any  misinterpretations  of  Mr.  T  r  y  o  n  *  a^ 
well  executed  (and  very  welcome"^  (igure%»  I  give  now  a  list  of  tho 
identifications  ;  but  I  will  not  further  refer  to  the  subgenerifl  dis- 
inctions  of  iho  «pecie8,  as  I  hnpo  shortly  to  be  abli?  to  publish 
SJtie  notes  r<>garding  the  aaatouiy  of  ibo  auim^al^,  and  other  pecu- 
liarities of  the  sliells  oi  tho  various  gpwies. 

1.  JthjBota  fmiix)  Chamhfrfimi,  Tryo  n,  L  cit.  p.  10r>,  pi.  [0, 
fig.  2»  is  JTelix  IFimghUni^  Benson,  Ann,  Mrig.  Nat,  Hist.,  1863^ 
8  ser,,  vol.  iXj  p,  87. 

2.  AmpdiU  (Eelij)  Bufnhyi,  Try  on,  L  cit.  p.   110,  pi.  10,  fi^J 
3,  is  lltlit  (rochalia,  Benson,  A.  M.  N.  H«  1861,  3  ser.,  vol   vii, 
p*82. 

3.  Orohin  fUdix)  Andnmammh^  Tryon,  h  cit*  p.  110,  pi.  10, 
fig.  4,  is  i/ir/ilir  f^/(/,  Theobald,  Jour.  A*t.  Son.  Bengal,  1864, 
xxxiii,  p.  245,  which  is  powsibly  the  same   as  IleL  Btephiis,   Bon^ 

ion,  Ann.  M.  N.  H.,  1861,  3  ser.,  vol.  vii,  p.  84. 

4.  Opem  fBnltmm}  Pi^aUl,  Tr'yon,  L  cit.  p,  110,  pL  10,  fig,  5, 
m  SpiraxU  JTatojhtoni^  Benson,  A.  M.  N.  II.,  1863,  3  8er.,  voL 
»,  p,  90. 

6.  ?  Cyvhsfoma  Lmi,  Tryon,  1.  cit.  p.  111,  pi.  10,  %.  fi,  iw  tho 
old    Cy'clopIioruA    foiidceus,    Chemnitz,    gp,     T  r  y  o  n  *  s    iigure 

• /f#Zi«  Mel/ifHj  Sinrp.  Anf^mnavii^a  and  HrL  Ami jifniu*-!  exeppt»^d>  No  ilrmht 
Mr.  T  ry  n  ii  Unj»  perli»j*a  aiuce  iouuii  oul  luoi'tt  m  F  fw  i  Tig  r,  •*  Mou.  Uuil/' 
vols.  T  uiid  vi« 


88 


Proeml/mgu  oftjie  Asiatic  Socieiy, 


[Miju 


could  be  almost  taken  for  that  in  R  o  e  v  e '  s  Icon.  voL  xiii,  Monog, 
Cyclophm-uij  pL  adii,  where  an  aoooiint  of  the  history  of  the  sitecies  ia 
given,  according  to  Benson*  Chemnitz  very  probably  received  a 
specimen  of  this  species  from  the  Nieobars,  together  with  Cyclophorui 
iurho^  Chem.,  through  the  Mora vi an  MieBionaries ;  for  I  also 
obtained  two  specimens  oi /oliftceus  from  the  neighbrjiirhood  of  the 
Nancowry  harbour  on  Camorta,  though  this  sx>ecies  is  hero,  as 
compared  with  the  peculiar  Kicobar  one,  very  rare. 

Mr.  T  r  y  0  n  further  mentions  from  the  Andamans  ThcUpifUs 
achatina^  Gray.  I  never  received  a  specimen  from  there,  but  found 
the  species  motit  abaudimt  neai-  Mouknein  on  the  limu-stono  hills,  and 
only  on  these.  I  don'^t  know  whether  there  are  any  limestone  rocks 
on  the  Andamans.  A  species  allied  to  Helix  procumhens  and  gahata 
of  Gould  oecurs  at  the  Andamans^  and  very  yoimg  shell:*  are 
not  much  unlike  those  of  PL  achat hna. 

The  same  author   further  mentions   Helicina  Nlcoharicn^  Phil.  • 
is  18  probably  ReL  turupHlum^  Benson,  A,  M.   N.  H.,   Iti(i3| 
\  0er.^  Toh  xii,  if  at  all  distinct  from  the  last. 

IV. — Notes  on  tele  OEHua  J5Jira,  by  Surgeon  F.  Day,  (Abstract). 

The  author  describes  a  new  species,  S,  Jm'ioni^  of  this  remarkable 
genus  of  siluroid  fishes,  and  oli'ei*:?  general  remarks  regarding  the 
only  other  two  Indian  fepeeies  which  he  admits,  II,  Buc/mnam,  and 

This  paper  will  appear  in  the  first  number  of  the  Journal  for  this 
year,  to  be  pubUahed  shortly. 

v.— Note  on  Nokth  Westees,— by  the  Hon'ble  J.  B.  Phear. 
In  this  note  I  merely  offer  an  hypothesis  to  explain  the  re- 
markable **  Nor- Wester"  storms,  which  invariably  precede  the 
setting  in  of  our  rainy  season.  We  are  all  familiar  enough  with  the 
phenomena,  the  typical  form  of  which  may  be  described  x^retty  near- 
ly as  follows  : — The  mousooa  breeze  h  blowing  steadily  from  the  ' 
Bay  of  Bengal^  (say  S.  E.,  8.  or  8,  W.).  A  hea\*y  mass  oJ^  clouds 
appears  in  the  N.  W.;  it  rises  in  the  sky  very  rapiiUy,  preserving  i 
an  even  front,  which  sti'etc'hefl  in  a  long  sharply  definoil  line  from 
S.  W.  to  N.  E.    Eain  is  seen  to  be  falling  towards  the  N.  W.  j 


1870.] 


Proceedifi^t  f^ftlie  Auiatic  Society, 


89 


this  apjn'oaclies  with  the  cloud  and  is  accompamed  by  much  thun- 
der and  lightning.  The  southerly  breozo  still,  however,  continues 
until  the  line  of  cloud-front  has  reachtjd,  or  even  pafieed,  the  zenith^ 
when,  f(ir  a  few  geoonds,  there  oocurs  a  complete  calm,  followed  by 
a  8uddfc»n  and  mighty  rush  of  wind  fi'oni  tJi©  N.  W. —  the  rain 
arrives, —  there  is  a  heavy  downfall —  the  storm  passes  by —  and  for 
a  time  there  is  almost  a  complete  abaence  of  wind  with  a  lowered  ^ 
temperature. 

My  explanation  is  this :— The  air  coming  from  oceanwords  ifl 
largely  charged  with  vapour  at  a  comparatively  high  temperature|  j 
and  I  suppoiio  that  a  much  colder  current  of  air  is  suddenly   (so  ta' 
speak)  poui'ed  out  upon  it  from  the  N.  W.  and  passes  over  with  con- 

liderable  velocity.  Kapid  condensation  takes  place  along  the  sur- 
I  of  contact  of  the  upper  and  lower  strata  of  air —  dense  cloud  ia, 
formed  ;  there  is  electrical  disturbance ;  and  this  state  of  thing#i 
advances  with  the  fnmt  of  the  advancing  N.  W.  current.  As  the 
result  of  the  condensation^  a  largo  mass  of  water  is  precipitated  %9\ 
the  8U]-face  of  the  earth.  Tliis,  in  fuHiiig,  dieplacea  air,  the  wateEj 
it  Dears  the  ground  driving  the  air  out  of  site  with  inereasingl 

orce.     By  the  continuation  of  the  process,  as  the  front   of  the  up- 
per stream  of  cold  air  passes  on,  an  uninterrupted  sheet   of   falling 
water  is  produced,  which  apparetUiy  advances  with  the  cloud  above 
and  wind  below.     Actually,  however,  the  path  of  each  drop  (except* J 
ing  those  of  the  forefront)  may,  I  imagine,  possibly  bo  pretty  nearly  ' 
vertical  i  before  condensation,  the  vapour,  if  not  brought  to  rest  by 
the  friction  of  the  two  currents,  was  moving  with  the  lower  current 
of  air  towards  the  N.  or  N.  W.  j   it  does  not  acquire  any  new  hori- 
zontal velocity  merely  by  becoming  condensed,  and  as  the  di-op  falla 
(if  the  height  be  great)  it  will  manifest,  if  anything,  relative  to  the 
earth  a  slight  increment  of  veloiity   towards  the  west.     So   far, 
theUf   there  is  certainly  no  reason  why  the  di'ops  should  move  in 
the  direction  of  the  storm  j  on  the  c^ontrary,  tliey  ought  to  have  a 
velocity  towards  the  N*  and  W.     But  the  formation  and    falling  of  J 
the  water  eliocta  a  ti'ausfer  of  matter  from  above  to  below  j  a  par-1 
tial  vacancy,  or  rarefaction,  thus  takes  place  begiiming  at  the  point 
of  condensation^  and  the  relatively  dense  cold  air  of  the  upper  cur- 
rent is  at  once  ready  to  press  into  the  opeming ;  it  pu 


90 


Proeerdingi  of  the  Asiatic  Society, 


[Mab. 


ffillmg  wnter  downwards  and  becomes  thuB  mixed  with,  the  Iowot 
ciirrentt  At  this  ettige  we  have  the  lower  current,  which  is^  to 
use  a  convenient  word,  po&sessod  of  a  velocity  towards  the  north  and 
'we»ty  infiltrated  by  the  upper  <'fild  current  which  is  possessed  of  a 

^  Telotjity  towardB  the  S.  E,  The  resultant  condition  of  the  mixture 
may  be  any  modilication  of  the  storm  velocity,  even  to  quiescence. 
Obviously,  however,  the  air  whieh  comes  down  from  above,  must 
alwuye  lose  a  very  large  proportion  of  its  velot-ity,  fr>r  it  cannot 
oontiniie  its  forward  oourse,  without  carrying  with  it  the  whole  of 
the  air  whieh  remaiuod  undisplaced  l>y  the  rain  between  the  cloud 
and  the  earth,  and  whiih  hud  an  initial  velocity  in  the  opposite 
direotion. 

My  explanation  shortly  amounts  to  this,  that  the   larg^o  bod}'  of 

^ water  geuerati3d  and  falling  as  the  upper  current  passes  on,  pTo- 
duoes  the  "Nor- Wester*'  by  driving  violently  forward  the  air 
whirh  is  displfur*3d  by  it  in  its  passage  to  the  earth,  while  the  air 
which  is  not  so  displaced,  is  either  brought  to  rest,  or  a(q«ure9  a 
comparatively  small  forward  velocity  (towards  the  S.  E,)  from  tbo 
upper  current  of  air  permeating  it.  If  this  explanation  be  correct, 
and  the  facts  ocitur  /is  I  have  supposed  them,  they  atford  a  remark- 
able instance  of  transfer  of  motion.  It  would  also  foUuw  from  those 
i  tliat  the  atmosphei*ie  pressure  would  increase  during  tlio  pas- 
of  the  Btorm ;  for,  in  the  first  place,  the  advent  of  tlie  upper  cur- 
entof  cold,  and  therefore  relatively  dense  air,  would,  to  some  extent, 
efi'ect  an  addition  of  mass  to  the  local  atmosphere  ;  and  secondly, 
the  two  opposing  currents  checking  each  other's  coui'se,  would 
bring  about  a  condensation  of  the  air,  which  is  the  product  of  tlioir 
uuion.  And  it  is  some  confirmation  of  my  theory  that,  in  truth,  a 
rise  of  the  barometer  doee,  I  believe,  uniformly  occur  during  a 
"  Nor- Wester.** 

Also  on  the  flanks  of  the  storm  there  ought  to  be  according  to 
the  foregoing  theory  a  stroug  wind,  coming  from  the  place  of  the 
falling  water.  This  would  mauift^'^tly  last  as  long  as  the  storm 
remained  within  a  certain  Umitoil  range,  and  woidd  change  its 
direction  as  the  storm  passed  by.  As  far  as  my  observation  had 
exteudedi  the  phenomena  which  actually  ocour  bear  this  out. 


il 


Proc^edinffs  of  tha  Asiatic  SQoiett/ 


91 


On  certain  rnoriunrED  iRREGrLABrriEa  op  ATxtosniEuio 
PREsstTRE  Ts  Bengal,  in  relation  to  the  Monsoon  rainfall  of 
1 868-69, — ^by  Henry  F.  Blanford,  Esq.  Meteorological  Ee- 
porter  to  the  GK)venimont  of  Bengal,    (Abstrftct). 

Mr.  Blanford  said  that  tho  object  of  his  i>aper  was   to  bring 

ito   notice  certain   iiregularitioa   iu   tho   distribution  of  barometric 

pressure  during  tho  monsoons  of  18G8  and  18G'J»  which  had  much 

ifluenced  tho  cjouree  of  the  wind  enrronts  duiing  those  two  seuaons, 

'"and  had  tn-identlj  contributed  largely   to   produce   tlio    anomalous 

raiulidl  of  Bea^al  and  tho  N.  W.  Provincua,  tho  important  consjo- 

auences  of  which  must  be  fresh  in  the  recollection  of  all. 

Having  spoken  of  them  as  uregularitieH,  he  would,  before  proceed- 
ing to  describe  them,  briefly  notice  what  appear  to  be  the  normal 
[features  of  barometric  pressure  in  the  S.  W.  monsoon  in  India.     On 
lis  subject,  unfortunately  but  little  direct  evidence  is  fortlicomiiig, 
linco  no  rocT<jrd8,  or  none  admitting  of  comjiarisou  Mxth  those  of  the 
bengal  stations,  are  to  bo  had  for  tho  greatur  part  of  India.    In- 
lirect  evidence,  however,  ia  available  j  and  tliis  indicates  as  pro- 
[liable  that  at   the  beginning  of  the   S.  Webt  monsoon  a  fociis  of 
iminimum  pressiu'e  exists  over  the  central  region  uf  the  peninsula, 
and  that  towards   the  middle   or  end  of  tho   monsoon,   as  CoL 
Strachey  haa  suggested,  this  focus   is  i?robably  transferred  to 
the  Punjab.     That  eutdi  is  tho  case  may  be  inferred  irom  the  direc- 
ition  of  tho  winds,  which  im  tho  Bombay  side  are  westerly  diuing 
[the  hot  weather  and  early  monllis  of  the  8.  W.  moiisooa,    while  in 
I  Bengal  the  prevailing  db-ection  is  from  tlie  Suutli  Kast.     It  is  to  bo 
[inferred  that  they  blow,  in  accoiilance  witli BnysBallot's  law, 
rards  a  place  of  minimum  pressure,  with  a  tendency  to  ciiculate 
ad  it  ■    the  law  of  their  movement  being  tlio  j^ame  ui*  that  of  tha 
winds  in  a  cyclone.     A  siimltu'  inference  is  to  be  dra^m  from  the  fact 
displayed  in  D  o  v  e  *  s  Isothermal  charts,  as  well  as  in  that  of  Me^itiis, 
Bchlagintweit,  ri'z.  that  in  the  hot  weather,  tho  focus  of  highest 
moan  temperature  is  about  Nagpore, — in  the  rains,  in  the  Punjab  : 
and  a  persistently   high  temperature   necessarily  produces    a  low 
barometric  pressure  by  tho  expansion  and  consequent  overflow  of  the 
air  above  the  heated  regiun*  Again, — the  c*ourse  of  theisobaric  lines 


92 


Proceedingi  of  th  A»fnfie  Smaty. 


{MarA 


across  the  Bay  of  Bengal  (a«  inferred  from  the  Btatione  aroimd  the 
coast)  ia  from  North  East  t-o  South  West,  or  in  general  conformity  ^ 
to  the  outlino  of  the  pemnsiila,  with  the  lower  pressure  (in  the  S.  W- 
monsoon)  lying  to  the  North  West,     If  the  normal  pressure  then  be 
Buoh  as  is  inferred,  the  normal  winds  in  Bengal  would  be  from  8.  E*, 
(in  acoordance  with  the  law  already  alluded  to)j  but  if  on  independent  j 
focus  of  low  pressure  be   interposed  in  their  course  somewhere  In 
Lower  Bengal,  it  would  follow  that  the  vapour-bearing  winds  would 
be  drawn  in  towards  it,  and  would  there  discharge  their  moisture 
as  rain,   while   dry  westerly   winds  would  prevail  in   the  N,  ^W* 
Provinces.     This  is  whataotuallj  happened  in  both  1868  and  1869, 
Tlie  re-difitidbution  uf  pressure  of  the  change  of  the  monsoons  occur« 
in  tlie  montkfi  of  March  and  October*    In  1 868,  as  early  as  the  month 
of  April,  a  slight  barometric  depression  (relatively  to  places  around) 
appeared  in  the  N.  W*  corner  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal^  the  boinjmeter* 
at  False  Poict  being  lower  than  that  at  Cut  tack,  and  that  at  Saugor 
Island  lower  than  at  Calcutta.     This  difference  was  more  marked 
in  May,  and  still  more  so  in  June,  at  the  begiuniog  of  which  month 
the  rains  set  in  very  heavily  in  and  around  Calcutta.    The  heaviest  j 
fall  was  over  Balasore  and  Coutai,  where  it  exceeded  30  inches.     It 
was  very   heavy  at   Calcutta   and  Midnapore  (bet^-een  20  and  30 
inches),  and  diminished  rapidly  in  all  directions  around.     The  wind 
resultants  for  the  montli  shew  the  influence  of  the  depression   very 
markedly,    those  of    tdl   stations    being    more    westerly    than    is 
usually  the  case.     In  July  the  raana  were  not  heavy,  and  on   area  ] 
of  low   pressure   in  the  direction  of  Hazareebagh  appears  to  have 
exercised  an  influence  over  the  winds,  rendering  them  more  easterly. 
But  in  August  the  former  focus  was  again  intensified,  the  minimum 
pressiire  being  very  near  Sanger  Island,  and  the  winds  were  again 
drawn  towards  it.     The  raiufall  of  this   montli  was  veiy   heavy 
(exceeding  30  inches)  over  Ilooghly  and  Kishnagur,  therefore   at 
a   distance  of  about   100   miles   to  the  north  of  the  place  of  bare- | 
metric  depression.     It   exceeded   20  inches  at  Calcuttji,    Burdwan  ' 
and  Jessore,  diminishing  in  all  ilirections   around.     In  September, 
the  depression  remained,  but  was  less  marked   and  influential,  and  | 
it  did  nut  di*sappcar  entirely  till  December.     Thiougbont   ihii   sea- 
son,  the   windjfl   in  the   country   to  wostwiU'd  of  the  Delta  never 


1«70.] 


Proceedings  ofth  Atiniw  Soeifity* 


9a 


become  S.  E.    Durmg  the  greater  part  of  it  they  wore  westerly,  and 
September  they  Teered  to   north  east.     Hence  apparently   the 
drj^ness  of  the  N.  W.  P.  thi'oughout  thf^  season. 

In  1869,  shortly  after  the  rediBtribiition  of  pressure  in  IVrarch,  a 
alight  depression  appeared  over  a  re^on  including  Berhanipore, 
Moughyi',  Patna  and  Hazareebagh.  In  May  it  was  intensilied, 
especially  over  the  first  named  station,  and  reached  its  lowest  point  in 
June,  There  was  Uien  a  mean  diHerence  of  0.14  of  an  inch  between 
Calcutta  and  Berhanipore.  The  effect  of  this  depression  on  the  winds 

Fad  rainfall  waa  einular  to  that  of  the  Saugor  Inland  dopre>i8ion  of 
lie  previous  year.  At  Patna,  the  wind  was  north,  and  at  Hazaj^eebagh 
and  Cuttack  south  and  somewhat  westerly.  The  rainfall  in  thia 
month,  as  in  the  previous  yeari  was  heaviest,  not  over  the  place  of 
depression,  but  at  some  diatanre  (150  miles)  to  north  of  it  j  ef^peeiiiUy 
&v6r  Baxa  (Bhotan  Boars),  Btnajpore  and  Bungpore,  Generally  it 
exceeded  20  inches  over  the  country  north  of  the  Pudda  river.  In 
the  Bulta  it  was  bulow  20  inches. 

In  July,  AugiLst  and  September,  the  depression  did  not  disappeari 
but  appears  to  have  moved  westward.  So  that,  at  the  end  of  the 
rains,  ifoughyr,  Patna  and  Hazareebagh  wore  all  lower  than 
Berhampore. 

In  conclusion,  Mr.  Blanford  eommented  on  the  peculiar  re- 
action that  appeared  to  exist  between  the  place  of  gi-eatest  barometric 
depression,  and  that  of  grontest  rainfall,  the  latter  appearing  al- 
ways to  be  to  north  of  the  former  in  the  instances  cited ;  and  he 
ated  as  a  posi^ible  explanation,  the  existence  of  two  barometric 
epreaaions,  so  related  that  one  would  act  by  retai*dingj  without 
resting,  the  wind  currents  in  their  progress  ti>wartls  the  other.  In 
such  a  case,  it  appeared  possible  that  an  accumulation  of  air  would 
pbe  produced  not  over  but  somewhat  beyond  the  site  of  the  fii'st 
lepression,  and  that  the  heaping  up  of  a  nearly  saturated  atmos- 
aided  by  diifusion  of  the  vapour,  would  determine  an 
sive  raiufall  in  that  place. 
He  also  pointed  out  the  apparent  influence  of  the  Berhamporo 
nd  Mo nghyr  depression,  on  the  course  of  the  Cyclones  which  parsed 
iiver  Bengal  in  1869.  The  first,  in  May,  passed  over  Jessore  ;  tho 
Eld,  in  June,  when  the  Berhampore  depreJ:fsion  was  mo^t  intense^ 


D4 


Pracfffdintfn  of  th^  Amaiie  8o(^ifit^, 


pCAH. 


passed  iiir©ctly  towaids  that  station  across  the  delta,  and  speedilj 
broke  up  on  t!ie  north  of  the  Ganges. 

Tlio  third,  in  the  lioginning  of  October,  when  the  lowest  pressur 
was  distributed  over  Munghp*,    Patna  and  Ilazareebagh,  took  an 
unusual  course  to  the  north  west  and  between  these  stations. 

The  President  said  that  in   inviting  discussion  upon  the  pap€ 
wluch  hfid  ju^t  been  read,  he  need  not  dvrM  upon  the  gi'oat  value  i 
Mr.  Blanford'a  investigations.     It  had  long   been  understood 
tliat  the  dominant  cause  of  monsoon  winds  was  the  periodic  occur- 
rence of  a  terrestritd  locus  of  minijnum  barometric  pressure.     Anj 
a  persistent  condition  of  low  barometric  pressiwe  simply  meant,  tha 
for  some  reason  or  another  the  spot  in   the   earth's   surface  whe 
it  occurred,   was  a  focus   of  maximum  heat.     He  believed  that 
Schlagintweit's  map  of  isothermal  lines  exhibited  a  centre  utm 
maximum  heat  in  the  Punjab,  during  tlie  rainy  season,  and  no  duubf 
the  S.  W.  monsoon  of  oui*  Presidency  was  greatly  influenced  by 
such  a  centre.     Mr.  Blanford's  observations  led  to  tlie  reraark-j 
able  conclusion,  tliat  in  some  seasons,   if  not  tdways,  there    werfj 
other  minor  centres,  or  at  least  one  centre  in  Bengal   itself,    whicl 
aaterially  intcrforud  with  and  disturbed  tlie  action  of  the  principal' 
Bntre,     It  was  curiom*  that  an  area  of  maximum   rainibll  should 
be  found  at  a  certain  distance  on  the  north  side  of  this  minor  centre 
and  Mr,  B  1  a  n  f  o  r  d  had  offered    a  very  ingt^nious  theory  to  ao 
eoimt  for  the  fact.  Ho  (the  President)  however,  felt  some  diificultr 
in  accepting  this  theory.     It  appeared  to  him  inconsistent  with  the 
maintenance   of  the   barometric   depression,    which  could  only  bo 
attributable  to  the  continuance  of  local  surface  boat  in  excess  of  thu 
in  the  neighbourhood.     The  effect  of  the  greater  ltM?al  heat  was,  b^ 
&  process  of  internal  expansion  to  lift  tlie  superincumbent  column  of 
air  relatively  to  the  suiTounding  air,  by  reason  of  which  the  upper 
portions  of  it  be<'ame,  as  it  werCj  pom-ud  aways  sideways,  and  so  tlio 
amount  of  atmospheric  matenal  in  the  vertical  colunin  was  lessened! 
and  as  long  as  the  relatively  low  barometer  obtalnud,  this  operation 
mu»t  be  going  on.    Therefore,  the  passing  monsoon  cun-ent  must  1 
affected  by  it,  and  if  so,  the  motion  of  the  particles  of  vapour  in  it 
could  not  safely  be  calculated  as  if  they  were  sliding  imder  the  action 
of  gravity  upon  the  gradient   bnoj*  of  equal  pressure.     lie   wuuld_ 


is7a] 


Proceedings  of  the  AtMic  SoMttf- 


9$ 


himself  be  disposed  to  suggest  that  the  oxpandiiig  proeesfl,  to  which 
he  referred,  directly  produced  the  result  which  Kr.  Blanfo  rd 
mentioned  j  clearly,  most  of  the  discarded  air  and  vajMnur  would  ht* 
thrown  off  on  the  side  towards  which  the  wind  is  hlowing,  i.  e.^  in 
the  case  of  the  8.  W.  monsoon  in  Bengal,  towards  the  Norths  and 
thufl  ihoiH?  would  be  acx'umulation  of  vapour  on  that  side  ;  also  the 
additional  heat  of  the  area  of  minimum  barometric  pressure  would 
diuiinish  the  saturation  of  the  incumbent  air  and  consequently  the 
rainfall ;  bo  that  the  comparison  between  the  rainfall  on  that 
area,  and  on  an  arua  nurtli  of  it,  would  in  tliia  way  be  doubly 
affected. 

Mr.  H.  F.  Blanford  made  some  further  romarkfl  regarding  the 
explanation  wliich  he  gave  of  the  scarcity  of  rainfall  in  the  north 
west  Provinces  during  the  last  year,  and  also  regarding  the  sugges- 
tions made  by  the  President. 

Col.  the  Hon'ble  R.Strachey  observed  that  the  greatest  obsta- 
cle which  is  in  the  way  of  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  the  various 
air  currents  lies  in  the  high  raitge  of  mountainB  which  bounds  India 
towards  North.  He  thought  that  we  are  as  yet  far  from  being 
snfiiciently  acquainted  with  the  varied  influences  which  the  Hima- 
layan range  undoubtedly  has  upon  thoBe  atmospheric  changes  in 
India,  and  until  our  knowledge  of  this  range  has  been  much  more 
improved,  it  seemed  to  him  almost  impossible  that  we  could  arrive 
at  anything  like  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  the  causes  of  those 
atmospheric  disturbances.  With  regard  to  the  rainfall,  this  diffi- 
culty is  by  far  not  so  great,  and  an  almost  qult<$  satisfactory 
explanation  of  it  can  be  given.  OoL  Strachey  then  explained 
in  detail  tlie  rainfall  and  its  causes  throughout  India.  He  pointed 
out  ihe  remurkable  diminution  of  the  rainfall  in  the  whole  tract  of 
country  along  the  bases  of  the  Himalayas  from  Bengid  towards 
Peshawur,  then  towards  Mooltan,  and  alluded  to  the  local  varia- 
tions along  the  Western  ghats. 

Aft^r  some  further  remarks  on  the  same  subject  by  Mr-  H-  F, 
Blanford,  the  meeting  broke  up. 


96  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [^vr. 

LiBRAKY. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  sinco 
the  last  meeting  in  February. 

Preseiitations. 
<i%  Names  of  Donors  in  Capitals. 

Forhandlinger  ved  de  Skandinaviske  Naturforskeres,  Tiende 
Mode,  i  Christiania  fraden   4de.  til  den    lOde.  Juli,    1868  : — Det. 

KONGELIGE   NORSKE   XJnIVERSITET   I   CnRISTIAIflA. 

Forhandlinger  i  Vidonskabs-Selskabet  i  Christiania,  Aar  1868  : — 
The  same, 

Nyt  Magazin  for  Naturvidenskabeme  :  udgives  af  den  physio- 
graphiske  Forening  i  Christiania  ved  M.  Sars,  og  Th.  Kjerulf, 
sextende  Binds,  Med  1-2  : — The  same. 

Norgos  Officielle  Statistik,  udgiven  i  Aaret  1866,  Beretning  om 
Almuoskoleva)senets  Tilstand  i  Kongeriget  Norgos  Landdistrikt 
for  Aarene  18G1-1863,  udgiven  af  Departemontet  for  Kirke  og 
undervisningsvBDsenet : — The  same. 

Norges  Officielle  Statistik,  udgiven  i  Aaret  1867,  Tabeller  ved- 
kommende  Skiftevsoaenot  i  Norge  i  Aaret  1865,  samt  den  Konge- 
lige  Norske  Eegjerings  imderdanigste  indstilling  af  16de  Juli, 
1867  : — The  same. 

Norges  OfficioUe  Statistik,  udgiven  i  Aaret  1865,  Beretning  om 
Skoleveesenets  Tilstand  i  Kongeriget  Norges  Landdistrikt  for 
Aarene  1864-1866,  og  i  Eigets  Kjobsta>der  og  Ladesteder  for 
Aaret  1867,  udgiven  af  Departemontet  for  Kirke  og  undervisnings- 
vajsenet  : — Tke  same. 

Norges  Officielle  Statistik,  udgiven  i  Aaret  1868.  Fattig-Statis- 
tik  for  1866,  tillige  med  oversigfc  for  Aarene  fra  1851  af,  udgivne 
af  Departomentet  for  Kirke  og  undervisuingsveesenet ;  —  The  same. 

Tabeller  vedkommende  Norgos  Handel  og  Skibsfart  i  Aaret 
1867,  udgivne  Departemontet  for  det  Indre  : — The  same. 

Beretning  om  Eigets  (Economiske  Tilstand  i  Aarene  1861,  1865, 
forste  Hefte  indeholdende  de  af  Eigets  Amtma3nd  Afgivne  specielle 
Beretningor,  udgivne  af  Departomentet  for  det  Indre  : — The  same. 

Eesidtaterne  af  Folketoillingen  i  Norge  i  Januar  1866,  forste  Hefte, 
indeholdende  Tabeller  over  Folkemtengde  med  mere  i  Eigets 
Forskjellige  jurisdiktioner  samt  Folkemtengde  fordelt  efter  alder, 


98  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Mar. 

En  fremstilling  af  det  Norske — aristokratis — ^historie  indtil  kong 
Sverrestid  af  Ebbe  Hertzberg  : — The  same. 

La  Norvege  Litteraire  par  P.  Botten-Hansen  : — The  same. 

Den  Norske  Lods  udgiven  af  den  Geografiske  opmaaling,  3die 
4de  Hefte : — The  same. 

Ungedruckte,  unbeacbtete  und  wenig  beachtete  Quellen  znr  Ge- 
schicbte  des  Taufsymbols  und  der  Glaubensregel,  beransgegeben  und 
in  Abbandlungen  erliiutert  von  Dr.  C.  P.  Caspar!,  11.  : — The  same. 

Det  Kongelige  Norske  Frederiks  Universitets,  Aarsberetning 
for  Aaret  1868,  med  Bilage  : — The  same. 

The  United  States  Sanitary  Commission,  a  sketch  of  its  purposes 
and  its  works : — The  Govt.,  U.  S.  A. 

The  Sanitary  Commission  of  the  U.  S.  Army,  a  succinct  narrative 
of  its  works  and  purposes  : — The  same. 

A  record  of  the  Metropolitan  Fair  in  aid  of  the  United  S. 
Sanitary  Commission  held  at  New  York  in  April,  1864  : — The  same. 

History  of  the  United  States  Sanitary  Commission  by  C.  J. 
Stille  : — The  same. 

Brooklyn  and  Long  Island  Sanitary  Fair  1864  : — The  same. 

Memorial  of  the  Great  Central  Fair  for  the  United  States 
Sanitary  Conmiission  by  C.  J.  Stille  : — The  same. 

Military  Medical  and  Surgical  Essays,  1862-1864  : — The  same. 

Annual  Eeport  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  for  1867  : — The  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology  1866  and  1868  : — The  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology. 

Entomological  Correspondence  of  T.  W.  Hams,  M.  D.,  edited  by 
S.  H.  Scudder  : — The  Boston  Natural  History  Society. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Natural  History  Society  for  1868  : — 
The  same. 

Memoirs  of  the  Boston  Natural  History  Society  Vol.  I,  Pt.  IV : — 
The  same. 

Letters  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  Phil«wielphia,  1866  : 
The  National  Academy  of  Sciences  America. 

Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Bengal  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
1869  :— The  Bengal  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  de  Geographie,  Dfecembre,  1869: — The 
Geographical  Society  of  Paris. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF 

THE  ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL. 


An  extraordinary  General  Meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on 
Wednesday,  9  p.  m.,  16th  March,  1870. 

The  Hon*ble  J.  B.  P  h  e  a  r,  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  President  said  that  the  special  object  for  which  the  extra- 
ordinary General  Meeting  was  convened  by  the  Council  of  the 
Society  was  fully  explained  in  the  notice  issued  which  is  follows  : — 

H.  R.  H.  THE  DUKE  OF  EDINBURGH 

•*  having  expressed  a  desire  to  become  a  member  of  the  Asiatic 
Society  of  Bengal,  an  Extraordinary  General  Meeting  of  the  Society 
is  hereby  convened  by  the  Council  of  the  Society,  under  Rule  51  of 
the  Bye-Laws,  for  the  purpose  of  proceeding  in  the  matter  of  his 
election. 

The  Meeting  will  be  held  this  day,  Wednesday,  the  16th  instant, 
9  p.  M.,  at  the  Society's  Rooms,  Park  Street." 

The  President  observed  that  he  had  very  little  to  add  to  w^at  is 
stated  in  this  notice.  The  report  of  H.  R.  Highnesses  desire  to 
join  our  Society  as  a  Member  having  reached  too  late  to  be  brought 
before  the  last  monthly  meeting  of  the  Society,  the  Council  thought 
it  desirable  to  convene  an  Extraordii%ary  General  Meeting  for  the 
special  purpose  that  H.  R.  Highness  may  be  elected  before  he 
leaves  the  shores  of  India,  which  he  was  so  graciously  pleased 
to  honor  with  his  visit. 

The  President  then  requested  Dr.  F  a  y  r  e  r  to  move  the  proposi- 
tion. 

Dr.  J.  Fay  re  r,  C.  S.  I.,  briefly  alluded  to  H.  R.  Highnesses 
special  wish  to  become  a  member  of  the  Society  and  moved — 

That  His  Royal  Highness,  Prince  Alfred  Ernest  Albert, 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  be  elected  an  ordinary  member  of  the  Asiatic 
Society  of  Bengal. 

The  President  seconded  the  proposition  which  was  put  to  the 
meeting  and  carried  unanimously. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OP   IBB 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOR  Apkil,   1870, 


The  monthly    general   meeting    of    the   Society   was   held    on 
Wednesday,  the  6th  instant,  at  9  p.  m. 
The  Hon'ble  J.  B.  P  h  e  a  r,  President,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 
The  following  presentations  were  laid  on  the  table  : — 

1 .  From  the  Government  of  Madras — 7  copies  of  Captain  M, 
W.  C  a  r  r  '  s  **  The  Seven  Pagodas." 

2.  From  the  Government  of  India,  Home  Department — A  Cata- 
logue of  Sanscrit  works  in  the  Library  of  His  Highness  the  Mah&- 
rlj6  of  Mysore. 

3.  From  H.  J.  B  a  i  n  e  y,  Esq.,  two  modem  copper  Coins,  bear- 
ing the  inscription,  **  Island  of  Sultana,"  in  English,  and  the  coat  of 
arms  of  the  E.  I.  Company. 

4.  From  the  Author — A  copy  of  "  A  Treatise  on  Asiatic  Chole- 
ra," by  Dr.  C.  Maonamara. 

5.  From  the  Government  of  India — A  copy  of  correspondence 
relating  to  an  inscription  found  at  Barsee  Taklee,  near  Akola  in  the 
Hyderabad  assigned  Districts. 

6.  From  T.  W.  T  o  1  b  o  r  t,  Esq.,  C.  S,— A  MS.  copy  of  a  Hin- 
dustilni  pamphlet,  being  an  analysis  of  Mr.  G.  Campbell's 
Ethnology  of  India,  published  in  the  Society *8  Jouinal. 


1fl2 


Proceedit^s  q/^  ih  A$miic  Sacifttf* 


[Aprii^ 


The  following  gentlemeu  duly  proposed  antl  seconded  at  the  las-t 
Bieetmg  were  balloted  for  and  elected  ordinary  members  : — 
Oapt  R.  V.  0  shorn,  B.  8,  Corps. 
R.  Stewart,  Esq, 
B.  Smith  Lyman,  Esq. 
Dr.  T.  W.  I  n  n  i  e,  0.  B. 
Col.  A,  D.  Dickens,  C.  B. 
The  following  gentlemen  oi-e  candidates   for  ballot  at  the  May 
Meeting  : — 

Dr,  Warth,  Indian    Inland    Customs,    proposed   by    Dr.    F. 
Btoliczkai  seconded  by  H.  M.  Ada m,  Eeq, 

Dr,  W.  S  C  h  1  i  e  h,  Deputy  Conservator  of  forests,  proposed  by  j 
Dr.  Btoliezka,  seconded  by  S,  K  u  r  z,  Esq. 

J*  E.  D  o  b  s  o  n,  M.  B.,  iStaff,  Asst.  Surgeon,  proposed  by  CoL  H. 
Hyde,  seconded  by  Dr.  T.  0  1  d  h  a  m. 

J.    Macnagten,    Esq.,    Darbhunga,    proposed   by    Mr.    H. 
B 1  u  c  li  m  u  n  n,  seeoiided  by  Col.  H  y  d  e. 

J.  H.  Daman  t,  Esq,,  C.  S.,  propowed   by   E.   V.    Westma-I 
0  0 1 1,  Esq.,  seconded  by  Dr.  Stoliezka. 

B^j^   S  ft  t  y  &  n  a  n  d    O  h  o  s  h  ^  1,    proposed  by  B^bu  Tl  d  j  e  u-  ] 
dralAla  Mitra,  seconded  by  the  Ilon'bl©  J.  B.  P  h  h  a  r. 

The  following  gentlemen  hare  intimated  their  desire  to  withdraw  { 
from  the  Society  : — 

G.  M.  Tag  ore,  Esq. 
T.  B.  Lane,  Esq. 
The  President  gave  notice    tlmt  at   the  next   monthly  gonerall 
Meeting  it  would  be   proposed   on    behall*  of  the   Council   that  a  ' 
donation  of  Rs.  100  out  of  the  Society- s  Funds  should  be  made  j 
in  aid   of  the    subscription   to     relieve    the  necessities   of    MraJ 
Piddington,     The  Council  considered  that  they  had  not  them-  ' 
eelves  the  power,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  managing  the  Society^s  j 
affairs,  to  apply  a  sum  of  money  to  such  a  purpose  as  this,  but  they 
felt  confident  that  the  Society  would  gladly  stize  this  opportunity,^ 
sad  as  it  was,  of  testifying  its  high  appreciation  of  tlie  remarkable 
services  done  by  Mr.  H.  Piddington  to  the  cause  of  soienee  and 
the  interests  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal. 

The  President  also  announced  tliat  the  Coimcil  had  formed  a  Com-^ 
mittee,  consisting  of  Dr,  Partridge,  Mr,  B 1  a  n  f  o  id  and  him<^ 


1870.] 


Prne^fdi^^i*  of  the  Asiatic  Soeietif. 


lu;) 


self,  fot*  the  collection  of  subscription b  from  individiinl  members  of 
the  Society  and  from  others  interested  in  the  progress  of  aeience. 
He  was  afraid,  it  waa  onlj  too  certain  that  the  widow  of  Mr. 
Piddington  was  in  a  deplijrable  state  of  destitution,  and  he 
trusted  that  they  would  one  and  all  by  coming  forward  with  their 
contributions  empliatically  dec'lai*6  that  this  was  a  thing,  which 
should  not  be< 

The  receipt  of  the  following  conununications  has  been  an- 
nounced : — 

L  Observations  on  some  Indian  and  Malayan  Amphibia  and 
Reptilia,  by  Dr.  F.  S  t  o  1  i  c  z  k  a. 

2,  Notes  on  some  plaees  of  historical  interest  in  the  District  of 
Hugli,  by  H.  B  1  o  c  li  m  a  n  n,  Esq. 

3,  Paper  on  old  Dolliij  by  J.  D.  T  r  e  m  1  e  1 1,  Esq. 

4,  Genizmna  JeMchkei  re-established  as  a  new  genus  of  Qmhian* 
uce^Sf  by  S.  K  u  r  x,  Esq. 

5,  Notes  on  the  Audamaneso,  by  Surgeon  P.  Day. 

6,  Notes  on  a  trip  to  the  Andaman^,  by  V.  B  a  1 1,  Esq. 

7»  On  the  relation  of  the  Uriya  to  the  other  Modern  Aryan 
languages,  by  J.  B  e  a  m  e  s,  Esq.,  B.  C*  S. 

Tlie  following  papers  were  read  : — 

I, — Obsebtations  on  some  LsmiAN  AND  Malayan  Ab  hpibia  and 
Repttlia,  by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka  (Abstract). 

The  specdes  described  in  this  paper  have  been  partially  collected 
by  the  author  along  Uie  Burmese  and  Malayan  coaat,  in  Penang 
and  Singapore,  partially  at  thtj  Nicobar  and  Andaman  islands,  only 
a  few  flpef'ies  are  noticed  from  Jara,  and  a  few  also  from  the 
N*  W,  Himalayas.  Hhoi-t  notes  on  the  geographical  distribution, 
and  on  the  general  character  of  the  Amphibian  and  Beptilian  fauna 
of  the  Andamans  anrl  Nicobars,  fo  *in  a  brief  preface  to  the  detailed 
descriptions.  Complete  lists  of  all  the  known  species  occurring  on 
the  two  last  named  groups  of  islands  are  appended. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  species  noticed,  with  the  locaJitiea 
wherefrom  specimens  have  been  obtained,  and  brief  charai-'teristics 
of  the  new  species.  Of  those  species  marked  with  an  asterisk  (♦) 
illustrations  will  be  given. 


104 


Prfw§editi^it  ofths  AifttUc  Si^ei^ty, 


[APRll*, 


AMPB^TBIA, 
Batrachia. 

1.  Mfma  gracilu^  Wiegni,,    (typical) — Sundarbatts,    Arracan, 

Rangoon^  Moulmeiiij  Penang^  Wellesley  Province,  &<J* 
Ditto  ditto  var.  Andamanansis, — Andamans. 
Ditto  ditto  var,  NiCObariensiB,— Nicobars. 
Ditto  ditto  var.  pulla, — r'euaiig  bill. 

2.  Rana  ct/apiop/tlich'sj  S  c  b  n  e  i  d. — Oriasa* 

3.  Pgxicfphalm  hrevic^j>Sf  S  c  b  n  e  i  tL- — from  near  Kotegurh, 

♦4.    Polypedates  Hascheanus,  n.  ^. 

A  small  spetiea  rrom  the  formats  of  Peiiang  bill ; — distanca 
between  anus  and  heel  Blightly  less  than  the  length  of  the  body  ; 
brown,  lighter  or  darker,  a  bW^kish  Land  between  the  eyes,  a  W 
mark  between  the  shoulders,  a  pair  of  blackish  spots  about  the 
middle  of  the  body,  limbs  with  dark  cross  bands  ;  body  of  lai'geat 
specimen  \^^  inch  long, 

5*     Plyp>  maculatus,  G  r  a  jy — Penang. 

*  6.  Myhrma  Tyileri,  T  h  e  o  b.  (?  ?  =  m-f/thropa,  Schleg.)— Moul- 
mein. 

*  7.    Hylorana  Nicobariensis,  n.  ep.,  from  the  Nicobaro- 

Allied  to  II,  UmporalU  of  G  ii  u  t  h  e  r,  but  has  two  small  glandular 
tubercles  behind  the  anglo  of  the  mouth ;  distance  between  anua 
and  heel  less  than  the  length  of  the  body,  4th  toe  leas  than  its  half, 

Ansoniaf  n-  g^n.  {Rhinodermatida,) 

BiKly  slender,  limbs  long  and  slender,  fingers  free,  toes  half- 
webbed,  disks  scarcely  swoUen ;  muzzle  short,  canthus  roatralia 
sharp  ;  no  tfjeth  ;  tongue  entire,  oval,  elongated. 

*  8, — A»  F61ia]lg611SiSt  found  on  rocks  in  streams  on  Penang 
hill.  Full  grown  8|KHimen  ff  int.' li,  hind  limb  I ^^  inches  j  body 
tubercular,  black  with  pale  yellowish  white  spots  on  the  side  and 
purplish  red  below,  between  tJie  limbs  and  on  the  lower  belly. 

*  9.     I}iplopi*hna  CarfHstimtm^  J  e  r  d  o  n. 
10*     Cahula  pukhra^  Gray,  from  Moubneio. 

11.  Bufo  vindiJi^  L  a  u  r.,  from  the  Sutlej  valley. 

12.  IJii/tf  mehnodicm^    S  c  h  n  e  i  d.,  from  Bengal,  Burma,  Malny-  ] 
Pemnsulaf  Andamans  and  Nicobars, 


ia7o.] 


Pr^eeedinffi  of  tlie  Asiatic  S&cid*j. 


lOd 


REPTILIA. 
Lacertilia. 

13.     Ptychazoon  hamaloc^pkalum^  Kuhl, — Nicabars. 
14*     Ge4^ko  guttaim,  Dan  d,— Biinna  and  AndamanSi 
15.      Gecko  sientor.  Can  t — Andamans. 
U).      Gecko  Smiihiif  G  r  a  y, — Java* 

17.  Phel^uma  Andamanen»e,  Blyth, — Andamans. 

18.  Feripia  Peronit^  Can  t. — Penang. 

19.  Peripia  Cantoris^  G  ii  n  t  h. — Andamans. 

20.  MemidacttflM  *frmatu$f  Bohleg. — Bui-ma,  Penang^  Anda- 
mans and  Nicol>ar9. 

21.  Htmidiutylm  maculatus,  D.  and  B. — Monlniein,  Andamana, 
Caloutta,  &e. 

22.  Oyrt4idactylu6  ruhidus^  {PueUtda  ruhida^  B  1  y  t  U) — Auda- 
mana. 

23.*  Cyrtodactylus  affinis  n.  sp.— Penang. 

Like  Gi/mnodtictifhtn  pukhcllusy  Gray,  in  fonn  and  coloration,  but 
witii  lougtjr  fingers  and  toes,  and  apparently  more  dejireBsed  boily, 
no  enlarged  chin  akielda,  or  gub-caudals,  and  no  femoral  porns. 

24.  Ttliqtm  canmffa,  S  o  h  n  e  i  d.  {Eup,  rufintcms  apud  G  ii  n  t  h,) 
— Bengal,  Burma,  Peuang,  Andamani?,  &c. 

26.     Tiliqua  olimcmt  G  r  a  y, — Nioobars* 

26.*  TUiqua  rugiferai  n,  »p. — Nicobars ;  each  Bcmle  fivo 
carinated ;  B<*ale8  in  26  tiericfs  round  tbo  bc>dy»  23  transverse  r<JW8 
between  the  limbs,  8  longitudinal  rows  on  tbe  beUy  ;  brown  abovd, 
two  pale  etreaka  on  the  anterior  half  of  the  body,  pale  yellowish  or 
greenish  white  below, 

27,*    Mabouya  Jerdoniana,  n,  sp.— Penang. 

Like  M,  a^ilis.  Gray,  but  it  has  7  supraciliaries,  8  upper  labials, 
scales  in  39  series  round  the  body,  60  transverse  rows  between  the 
limba,  pre-ancds  scarcely,  sub-cnudals  distLnctly  enlarged, 

28*     Ulnulia  maculata^  B 1  y  t  h, — Martaban. 

29*  Riopa  lineolata,  n.  sp. — Martaban,  Similar  io  R. 
Boivritigiiy  G  ii  n  t  h.,  and  equal  to  it  in  size,  but  with  scales  in  24 
longitudinal  series  round  the  body^  and  60^ — 65  transverse  aeries 
between  the  limbs. 

30.    CaiofcB  m^staemij  B.  &B., — Airacan,  Bafisein,  Mouhnein,  ^c. 


106  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Aprii*, 

31 .     Bronchoceh  criatatella^  K  u  h  1, — Penang. 
.•]2.         ,,     Moiuccana,  Jj  e  s  8. — Singapore. 

33.  „    j'uhata,  D.  and  B. — Java,  Nicobars. 

34.  Tiarts  suhcriBtata^  B 1  y  t  h,  {Coryphylax  Maximiliani,  F  i  t  z.) 
— Andamans  and  Nicobars. 

35.  I>ra€o  volans,  L. — Penang. 

Ophidia. 

36.  Cylindrophis  rufm,  L  a  u  r., — Upper  Burma. 

37.  Ahldbes  fnelanocephalus,  G  r  a  y, — Singapore. 

38.  „     Bappity  Qtu nth. y — Simla.         • 

39.  ,,     collar isy  Q TO. jy — Simla. 

40.*       „     NicobariensiS,  n.  sp.— Nicobars. 

Scales  smooth  in  17  series,  vent,  189,  anal  bifid,  sub-caudals  87, 
coloration  similar  to  melanocephaluSy  but  the  lateral  spots  are 
smaller  and  much  more  nimierous  ;  length  17  J  inch  of  which  tail 
is  4  J  inch. 

41.  Ptyas  mucosusy  L., — N.  W.  Himalaya,  Moulmein,  Andamans. 

42.  Ptyas  hexahonotusy  Can  t., — (Xenelaphis  id^m  apud  G  ii  n  t  h. ) 
— Penang. 

43.  Compsoaoma  radiatumy  R  e  i  n., — Moulmein. 

44.  „     M^/anwrww,  S  c  h  1  e  g. — Andamans. 

45.*       „     semifasciata,  (  Piatycops  idem)  B 1  y  t  h, — south  of  Simla. 

46.  „     Hoflgsonii  G  u  n  t  h., — N.  E.  of  Simla. 

47.  Tropidonotm  quincunctiatusy  Schleg.,  {Trap,  Ty fieri  and 
HtriolatuSy  Blyth) — Burma,  Andamans. 

48.  Trop.  stclatuSf  L. — Moulmein,  Amherst. 

49.  „  platycepsy  Bl  J  thy  (^Zamenia  jffi'iwa/^yawtw,  Steindach.) 
Kulu. 

50.  Gonyosoma  oxycrphalum  ,  B  o  i  e. — Andamans. 

51.  Dendrophis  pictay  Gmel. — Burma,  Andamans,  Nicobars, 
Penang. 

52.  Dend.  caudolineatay  Gray, — Penang. 

53.  Chrysopelea  ornatay  S  h  a  w, — Penang,  Burma. 

54.  „     ruhescensy  Gray, — Penang. 

55  Psammophis  condanurusy  M  e  r  r.  {Phnyrea  isahellinay  T  h  e  o  b.) 
— Simla. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  tJie  Asiatic  Society,  107 

56.  Tragops  frontictnctuSf  G  ii  n  t  h., — Amherst. 

57.*  Dipsas  hexagonotus,  B  1  y  t  h, — ^Andamans. 
58.*         ,,     multifasciata^  B 1  y  t  h. — South  of  Simla. 

59.  Lycodon  striates,  S  h  a  "w. — from  near  Kotegurh. 

60.  „  aulicus  L.  {Tytleria  hipsirhinoidesy  Theobald), — 
Aiidamans  and  India  generally. 

61  .*     Tetragonosoma  effrene^  Cant,  (var.) — Banca. 

62.  Python  molurus  Lin  n. — Upper  Burma,  Malayan  Peninsula. 

63.  ,,     reticulatusy  S  c  h  n  e  i  d. — Nicobars. 

64.  Hypsirrhina  pfumheay  B  o  i  e, — Upper  Burma. 

65.  Cerh&rus  rhynchopsy  S  c  h  n  e  i  d. — Burma,  Andamans,  Nico- 
bars, &c. 

66.  Hipistes  hydrinusy  Can  t. — Amherst. 

67.*  Cantoria  Dayana,  n.  sp. — Amherst.  Form  typical, 
scales  in  to  series,  ventrals  268,  anal  bifid,  sub- caudals  56;  dull 
bluish  black  witli  numerous  yellowish  cross-bands,  narrow  on  the 
back  but  widening  laterally. 

68.     Bangurus  coeruhtiSy  S  c  h  n  e  i  d. — Bassein. 

69.*  Ophiophagus  eJapSy  Schl  e  g. — Burma,  Andamans. 

70.  Naja  tripudiansy  M  e  r  r. — N.  W.  Himalaya,  Andamans. 

71.  Callophis  intesti)ialisy  L  a  ur. — Upper  Burma. 

72.  Enhydrina  Valakadyny  Boie.  {E,  Beyigalensisy  Gray) — 
Orissa. 

73.  Enh,  shistostty  D  a  u  d. — GFopalpore. 

74.  Pelamis  platuruSy  L.,  (P.  hicolor,  S  c  h  n  e  i  d.) — Bay  of  Ben- 
gal. 

75.  Trimeresurus  graminetsSy  S  h  a  w. — Khasi  hills. 

76.  „     erythrurusy  Can  t. — Burma,  Java. 

77.  „     carinatusy  Gray. — N.  W.  Himalaya. 
78.*       „    porphyracettSy  B 1  y  t  h. — Andamans. 

79.*  Trim.  mutabiliS,  n.  sp.— Andamans  and  Nicobars. 
Scales  in  21  series,  ventrals  156-167,  sub-caudals  48-62  ;  second 
labial  forms  the  angle  of  the  facial  pit  or  is  divided  in  two 
shields  ;  color  uniform  reddish  brown  or  with  numerous  greenish 
white  cross  bands  on  the  back,  laterally  with  longitudinal  bands. 

80.*     TVim.  Cantoriy  Blyth. — Andamans  and  Nicobars. 


1 08  Proeeeditigs  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [April, 

81  .♦     Trim.  COnvictUS,  n.  sp.  Penang. 

Like  T.  monticoh^  G  ii  n  t  h.,  but  with  much  larger  scales  which  are 
disposed  in  21  series  ;  vent.  132,  subcaudals  29. 

82.  Halys  HimalayanuSy  G  ii  n  t  h. — N.  W.  Himalaya. 

83.  JDaboia  Rmselliy  S  h  a  w, — N.  W.  Himalaya. 

Ohelonia. 

84.  Emys  crassiollis^  Bel  1, — Penang. 

Dr.   Stoliczka  gave  a  short  sketch  of  the  relations  existing^ 
between  the  Andaman  and  Nicobar  Reptilian  fauna  and  that    of 
Burma  on  the  one  and  of  Java,  Sumatra  and  the  Philippine  islands 
on  the  other  hand.  All  these  islands,  he  said,  &c.,  have  many  species 
common.  He  also  specially  noticed  the  very  great  number  of  Viperine 
snakes  {Trifneresurus)  which  are  to  be  met  with  at  the  Nicobars,  but 
fortunately  these  species  appear  to  be  less  dangerous  than^continen- 
tal  forms  usually  are.  The  Nicobarese  say  that  not  a  single  fatal  case 
results  from  the  bite  of  these   TrimerMurus^   and  certainly  all  the 
specimens  examined  had  a  comparatively  small  poison-gland.  The 
result  of  the  bite  is  said  to  be  only  a  swelling  of  the  wounded  part 
Dr.  S  t.  also  exhibited  a  specimen  of  the  rare    Calhphis  intestinalis 
obtained  from  Upper  Burma.     The  species  has  the  poison-glands 
extending  from  the  head  to  about  J  of  the  total  length  of  the  body, 
lying  free  in  the  cavity  of  the  anterior  part  and  causing  the  heart  to 
be  much  further  removed  backward,  tlian  is  generally  the  case  in 
other  species  of  snakes. 

The  President  thought  there  wore  one  or  two  remai'kable  features 
in  Dr.  Stoliczka's  iuterostiug  paper. — One  to  which  he  particu- 
larly referred  was  the  relative  inefficiency  of  the  poison  in  certain 
bnakes  of  Penang  and  the  Nicobars  in  comparison  with  the  poison  of 
tlie  cognate  species  found  in  this  country.  He  did  not  know  whether 
the  circumstances  which  rendered  the  possession  of  an  invariably 
fatal  weapon  nec^essary  to  particular  classes  of  snakes  in  the  struggle 
for  life,  while  others  could  maintain  themselves  without  it,  had 
yet  received  much  attention.  A  priori,  he  thought  one  would  be  dis- 
jwsed  to  expect  that  a  poison  wliich  would  disable  without  causing  im- 
mediate death,  would  be  more  deterrent  in  its  etfocts,  and,  therefore, 
more  widely  useful  to  iU  possessor  than  one  wliich  killed  instantly. 


18700 


Pr9C«$din^i  of  iha  Anaiic  So^itfy, 


At  any  rate  it  was  curious  to  find  some  of  the  insular  epecies  of 
snakes,  though  provided  with  a  perfect  poison  apparatus,  mueh  less 
fatal  in  the  eflect  of  their  bite  thiui  other  cl>8tly  aUied  spedos  in 
Bengal  were.  The  investigation  of  the  causes  which  had  led  to 
this  difference  ought  to  be  attractive. 

A  short  discussion  on  the  effects  of  snake-poisoning  ensued. 
Mr.  W  a  I  d  i  e  desired  to  know  what  the  symptoms  were  resulting 
from  the  bite  of  the  Niuobar  vipera,  and  whether  they  are  the  same 
as  usually  known  to  originate  from  the  bite  of  other  poitionous 
snakes. 

Br.  Btoliozka  said  that  the  Kieobarese only  speak  of  a  swell- 
ing of  the  bitten  part»  and  that  they  oxliil)it  very  little  fear  of  these 
snakes.  Dr.  Stoliezka  also  observed  that  tho  poison  gland  in  the 
species  of  IVifH^^fMurm  which  he  ha<l  examined^  has  a  simple 
glandular  form  without  any  appendages^  but  the  skin  forming  it 
is  very  tough,  and  internally  partitioned  by  numerous  irregular 
lamelhe.  The  poison  of  the  fresh  snake  was  always  in  a  compara- 
tively small  quantity  present,  and  appeared  l&sa  viscose  than  the 
CJobra  pcjison.  The  dilferencea  between  the  effects  of  poisoning 
of  the  Ci^bra  and  Daboia  had  been  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Fayrer. 


'  n, — Notes  on  plages  of  historioax  xnterest  ix  thk  Disxairrr 
OF  Hligli, — by  H.  B  L  0  0  u  li  A  K  N,  EsQ.,  M,  A.  (I, — MtMlJiran  and 
Fanduah.) 


The  Historians  of  India  assign  to  Bengal  muuh  narrower  limits 
than  we  do  at  the  present  day*  In  the  fahaqat  i  Ndpri  and  the 
Tarikh  i  Firuzshdhi,  the  earliest  Muhaiumudan  lust^ries  in  which 
Bengfd  is  mentioned,  the  territ<.iri«9  attached  to  the  towns  of  S^t- 
Igagw  (Htjglij,  Suniidrg^w  (East  of  Dacca),  and  Lak'hnauti  (Gsur), 
Diydr  t  Bang^  perhaps  a  verbal  translation  of  thu  old 
ngad^hk.  The  districts  north  of  the  Otmges  were  partly  attatih- 
ed  to  Lak^hnauti,  partly  to  Suunargdnw,  The  word  Bmgal  or  Ban- 
t'tlah^  if  I  am  not  mistaken,  does  not  occur  in  the  T^haqat  i  Naprl^ 
Jftnd  is  but  rarely  met  with  in  the  Tdrikh  i  FiruzshdhL  Nor  does  it 
►ccur  on  Muliaiumadan  €oins.     One    of   the    earliest  pas«sagwi,   141 


1 10  ProrffHiiHiK  uf  (hf  Ail  lit  fie  Suciet//,  [AFEiLt 

wliirli  tlip  fnnu  lituiffiilah  iicnirs,  is  a  Oluizal*  by  H4fizy    wliich  \^ 


unit  fnnii  Hliirti/.  to  Hultdu  UhiAsiuMm,  wlio  reined  over 
frtiin  l.'Ui?  tn  i:(7.'}. 

In  liUor  iiiMiiiriosy  iipiiii,  tlio  form  />///a/'  /  Bang  becomes  obsolete, 
1111(1  IK)  iillii*!'  1111111(1  (M'curs  Imt    Ihingdfah. 

TIu»  Houlli  (MMiMl  of  Iloitpil,  wliii'K  wo  imw-a-days  call  the  'Son- 
(larluin/  W(»iit  l»y  tho  pMUMvil  iiamoof  IVn\{i  (vl^-'l**)  irliicb  signifies 
lamia  orrr/!inrn  hit  ihf  fhfr :  luit  A^ul^a/.l.  ill  the  Akhamdmah^  in- 
t'ln(l(t^4  ill  liiiM  ((M'lii  ilio  wliolo  \v\w\  alon^  tho  Megna  and  Brahma- 
putra. 

TIk*  alMiv«»  iiiiMitioiioil  tluvo  t»»WMs.  S.irtjanw,  Lak'hnauti,  andSun- 
iii^rpiiiw  >V(<n»  t'list  (loriiviii^  at  diotimo  whou  Todar  Mall  completed 
^l.'iK'j)  IiIm  AtJ  i  'I'liuuir  i  Jiifn\  or  rimt-nUl  of  Bong^al,  of -which  ve 
liiiv(«  II  (''i]iy  ill  tlm  Am.  l.ak'liuauti.  tn>tu  tho  earliest  times,  vtf 
iiiiiininii'i  r«ir  il'i  I'l'vcrM,  whirli  laiistsl  ilio  kiu^  of  Beng^  continii- 
n\\y  Ut  Mliilt  llinir  n'^itlouro  ii»  ut'iirUb»iinnj  to\ms,  a:i;k  JPamduah  and 
A  hi  ill  till  ;  iiii'l  S.»l|ijriuw,  in  t.'»S*J.  \va>  no  loiiiror  inmsiilered  as  hanitr 
nr  liiirliiiiir,  tmr  wim'o  tnlU  imHov :i\l  thoro  :f  but  it  had,  as  late  u 
li.'il,  (It-  A.  I).  1.1  II,  a  mini/  SaniuinrAuw  was  siK^n  after  eclipsed 
\\\  IHiiiKii  J)(h<iiV 

In  (illlciiil  iloi'uiiuMii?*  Iv'airal  i<  ^^tV.^u  iiio!*.:ivmo\l  under  the  title 
of  i/.i'MM.'»'  /i'..'.iV.  iM*  \\w  Tav.i  li-ij  ^^i  i  .'ir.:tr':os  ;  and  Ltak'hnaa- 
ti  >\  as  ojiUotl  ./.»■;•;..' I  J. \i:'  t  /»:.;:.': -^^  or  Taradi^e  town:  but  the 
Mnhamuiadjmv  «:;no  it  a:  :r,i  i\4vl\  r.vi  v.;  :Uo  lUckuauie  ot  IhsM- 
/ni»  I  A/  i.j\|  *M-  '  \\A\  i.M\L\v»:  r..'.*.0'».'  l-.ik*:iiiAu:i  and  SitgaQT 
held.  ni«>roo\»r.  a  Im*!  ua-.iiv' \x  i:'i  :"'.o  c*v.y-;:*.^rs  of  DLhli,  who  in 
aUu^ioii  !«»  \\\o  {\^'^\\\cvA  iv\\n'.>  ,*::*:•.  -r  ^r  v.r:*.  rs,    ov-iferred  upon 

t  •  l:,.'  .•:..  .-■.•,'■;'.•. ^».'.>-.  <A  ..  -»  .  •  ■  ...  X  ■  '..  •  ^  .  .  .  >^-  rAr=2i«xrioai 
,»,o  o»i-%  .•■»■, v.. *■■.  :*i  ■.'•,'  .  ..-  ••  s.-.-  ■'  '.-.•-.—  -■'  -*  "sT  3hi  Krazi.' 
.,  r..,?..  :.,^  ;>.-...-     ,.•;,■••:-:  ....    >■     .:,,•■.;..       r.^riLS^^erf 

.     \-:,^-.-..    \-.       :      V'-    ■;..  ;      ^    >     .:         -s:-      «.^     ^       Tife.    f- 

,«..-.^:.'  ■  ■■•  ;■    '*     •■    ■    -*    *       '■■■  *■■•  >^  -■^■•^  "WTi**  >i-:.s  :aXE 

\i;ir»  yK-: '  .'O   V   .*  ^ 

^     ll\  ,';»:sN*-    .,■   ■....'.'».*■.-.■•■  V  ■  V  ■■••        ■•■•*•=  -i.     ■  .'        i        -  —   'i  ■ 


.v  'T    s-w-e^c.3^  vbcatks 


1870,] 


Proeeedm^A  of  th  A/iMie  Socidif. 


\\\ 


lht>se  towns   tlie   titles  of  Bul^hdkpitr  and   Bufgkdk  Khdnah^^  or 

I  House  of  Rebellion. 

Tlie  Wostoru  frontier  of  Bengal,  nt  tlie  time  of  To<lar  llklall's  set- 

ftloment,  coincided    almost  exactly  with  a  straight  line  drawn  from 
Gmfhi  to  Chitfud.     The  former  vrns  a  fort,  tht^  name  of  wlxi<jU  often 
Clips  in  the  History  of  Bengal,  and  was  situated  a  little  north  of 

fUnjmahaU,    or  Xgmahall,    ae  it  was  then   called*     Muhammadon 

f  hiJ^torians  ^enemlly  call  it  the  *  door'  (5fl^)  of  Bengal,  nnd  compare  it 
to  Bdramulah,  the  *  door'  of  Kashmir,  and  to  Fort  Lak'hf,  south  of 
Sahw&i  (Siwisitiln),  the  *door'  of  Sindh.  The  latter,  the  Parganah 
of  Chittutt,  lies  N.  E.of  Mednipur(Midnapore),  and  formed  then  the 
auth  west  boundary  of  Bengal  and  Orissa.     The  diistricjts  west  of 

fthis  line,  n^  Bum^oornh,  Pachi^,  Siughbdm,  Paliiman,t  Chuttia  N&g^- 
pur,  and  Hazaribagh,  &i'.,wer©  not  considered  a^  belonging  to  Bengal. 
They  were  ooinprehended  under  the  general  name  of  Jliirkau4, 
or  Jhdrk'hand  (Jungle  Districts),  whioli,  according  to  the  Akbamd- 

[mah,  reached  in  the  north  an  high  aa  the  Parganah  of  Muhair  in 

[south  Bihdr,  S.  E.  of  Gayii,  and  in  the  west,  oa  far  as  Rata&piir  in 
Central  India. 

The  districts,  or  Sirk4r»,  which  formed  the   western   boundary  of 
Bengal,  were  five  —  I .  Tandah,  which  ext4inde«l  to  the  south  of  MiirHhid- 

I  ihwX ;  2.  ShnrifahAti,  from  tlie  south   of  Murshid^b^d  to  Bardwdn  ; 

^  ^.  SiilaimanAhdd,  which  consisted  of  portions  of  the  preaent  rlistricts  of 

I  Kaddia,  Bard w&n  and  niigli  ;  4,  Sdtffmw,  which  extended  from  the 
Parganah  of  Ar«/i,  in  which  H6gli  lies,  southwards  along  the  river, 
t^  below  Tlabrah  (Howrah)  and  over  the  territories  of  OalcuttA,  the 

I  2  l-Purganalis,  and  the  south  of  Natldia ;  and  b,  Maddran^  which 
formed  the  south  western  and  southern  boundary  of  these  dis- 
tricts, extending^  in  a  broken  semicircle,  from    Sliergafh  or  Kanee- 


•  Akhntiidtnah, 

f  Pfthimjui  w.n9  nrmoited  durinii  the  reigTi  of  Shn^j'^h*"  (March,  ISH),  rmd 
ro-annested  Qiider  Anmn^ih  (in^l).  Fiti*?  the  imor<?*tiiig  chnptera  r(?jj;urdi«ig 
PaUmaii  in  the  PdtliAhdhndfnah   (II,    p.  35B)»    and    *AhiiHi}$rtidfnah  [pp,   (M8, 

I  660J.     The  former  work   has  the   apclUng   ij^lb   Pala^wum,  the  Uttor'eJjlG- 
Paldam,     Ret^Ardxng  ihem&aniTii^  ot  A<jitv%hnU,    i.  ^'hn..^  I,  p.  433,  a 

I  very  rffidnble  page  oontainmg  a  few  new  facta  reg<ii  i  ^iTid  3»tgUQW, 

Pachif  was  attnched  to  Bihir ;  its  zamindAi',  Bit  ^^^  .tu,,  uold  under  JShahJA* 
h|n  ft  oomuuind  of  Soven  Hundred. 


112 


Proeeffiinffn  af  if^  Asiatic  Socieiif, 


[AFttlt-, 


giinJG»    to  MainJalg*Mt,   near  the  jimction  of  the  KiSpnarAin  and 
the  Daimiflar  with  tJi6  Hiigli  river,  a  little   aboye  Diamond  Har- 

The  present  district  of  Hugl^  therefore  consists  of  portions  of 
the  old  SirkArs  of  Sliarifiib&d,  SiilaimaTi^bM,  and  Satg^nw.  The 
name  of  Sharifiihfid  is  scarcely  ever  used  now-a-days,  but  reminds 
us  of  Sliarif  i  Makkah,  the  father  of  Sull^u  Husain  Bh^h  ;  and  Su- 
laimfi.nlb6d  was  early  chan^d  bj  the  people  to  the  shorter  form 
*  SaliiJiab^d,'  by  which  name  it  is  still  known  at  the  present  day.  Its 
principal  Parganah,  Hawob'  i  SiilaimAusibad,  is  now  merely  caJle 
HawelS,  and  oomnienced  a  little  S.  E.  of  Bai-dwin,  extending  aouti 
wards,  to  both  sides  of  tJie  Damiirlar*  A  small  portion  of  it  beloi 
now  to  the  Hifgli  district.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  origii 
name  *  Snlaim&n^b^d^  refers  to  BulaimiQ,"*^  the  second  last  Aigl^ 
king  of  BengaL 

Sidt^n  ^Aliiuddiu  Husain  Sl»^b,f  whom  I  mentioned  just  now,  mid 
over  Bengal  from  1408  to  1521  A.  D.     He  is  even   now-a-days 
merobered  by  the  people  ;    and  numerous  legends  and  stories, 
rent  in  tbe  villages  of  Bengal,  refer  to  the  times  of  Hnsain  8h4h 
Good,    Even  the  geography  of  the  country  re-echoes  his  name.  Tli 
Parganah  of  Husain&bdd  in  the  Qaur  District^  the  Masjid  Husaiij 
Shihi  in  G'horag'h4t,  Husain  Sh&hi  in  Sii'kir  B^uM  (Mymensing]^ 
the  pai*ganali8  of  Husjiinpiir  and  Husain  Ujydl  in  the  Sirk^ra  of  Sha 
rlfaMd  and  SiQaimanfibad  remind  us  of  his  name.     In  the   south  < 
BardwAn  enpodally,  and  in  the  north  of  the  present  district  of  Htlglf, 
Husain  Shah  plays  u  pronxinent  pai-t  in   the  legends  of  the  pea 


•  He  died  A.  H.  9»0,  or  A.  D.  1 572  (Akbiirii»fnah,  Bndaom,  TaboqAt),     Tli 
Uidz^issaldiirvi  which  Priniiep  and  ThomiiB  follow,  hoa98L 

t  In  Bome  tuBtoriea,  as  the  Tubuqftt  i  Akban,  and  even  in  EHphinston^ 
Hnsain  Shdh  is  called  'Alafiddin,  or  'Alaoddin  IL  Hia  fdlt  name  is  SuUd 
'AJdwhiin  Ah^l  Mtt^dffnr  Hnsain  ATirt'Ai  sou  of  Sajyid  Ashmf  Shnrif  i  MakkahJ 
but  whon  kings  have  aeroral  names,  the  lost  namo  is  the  real  n;imo,  ;iQd  shaiilq 
be  TiB©d  wbea  a  hutorjan  finds  the  whole  name  too  lon^.  The  author  of  tb 
Riydz  even  took  eome  trooble  to  verifj  his  name  by  referring  to  old  ingcn|i 
tiuu»  in  GuQr,  I»e«t  a  donbt  «ihould  renin iu^  1  may  cit«  tbe  Arabic  inBeriptio 
on  the  old  uiosquei  of  Cheitin,  near  Saran,  which  Mr,  B.  Tiery  of  Cbaprah  seat 
■JlfL  ttomo  lime  ago.  The  inscription  id  of  interest,  aa  it  abews  the  N.  W.  bound- 
ary of^h©  kiugdotn  of  Benjfal  in  tbe  h^tfinning  of  Hnsain  Shah's  roign. 


1870,] 


Prore^dnt^i  i 


iia 


saniiy.  In  May^pur,  which  lies  west  of  Chinsurah,  in  the  Pargatitth 
of  Bidrah  about  7  miles  from  the  right  bunk  of  tlie  Damiidar,  a 
Masjid  and  a  tank  still  exist  which  were  completed  by  Iliisain  8hdh; 
and  about  12  miles  N.  E  of  May^pdr^  there  is  a  village  8h&fe 
Husainpiir,  which  was  called  so  to  porpotuate  his  memory. 

The  above  mentioned  five  Sirkirs,  which  formed  Western  Bengal, 
present  many  points  of  interest  for  the  historian.  Of  their  local 
histor)^  we  know,  at  present,  next  to  nothing.  Little,  too  little,  has 
hitherto  been  collected,  though  the  field  is  fair,  yielding,  like  every 
otht?r  branch  of  enquiry  into  the  p  aat  ages  of  this  country,  a  rich 
and  immediate  hai-vest  A  mere  glance  even  at  our  Trigonometri- 
«^al  maps  calls  to  our  minds  the  names  of  Bengal  kings  and  gran* 
dees,  and  of  Muhammadan  warrior-saints  who  fell  for  the  cause  of  the 
Prophet.  Let  us  only  take  the  district  of  Hilgli,  There  is  Mnhdn^t^h 
and  Papduah,  on  the  E.  I»  Hailway,  where  the  Pan  dub  E6juh  suc- 
cumbed to  a  nephew  of  Jtililudilin  Finiz  Sh4li,  emperor  of  Dihlf ;  and 
opposite  to  it,  Nfmtallah  G'hatiQ  (JU^J),  west  of  Calcutta,  tlie  seat  of 
tJio  R4j»ih8  of  Bm-dah,  who  were  continually  at  war  with  the  E^jaha 
of  Bardw^n.  Near  to  it,  we  have  Chandarkond,  the  most  westerly 
point  of  tlie  Hilgli  distriut,  where  up-country  Bajpots  of  the  Chau- 
hin  dan  founded  a  colony**  In  the  North  Western  part  of  the  dis^ 
triot,  in  ilie  PargtLnu.h  of  JaMn&b&d,  we  have  Madiran,  once  the 
capital  of  a  Sirk^r,  but  now  so  decayed,  that  it  is  not  to  be  found  in 
Bennel,  nor  on  our  Trigonometrical  maps,  whilst  its  site  was  even  a 
mystery  to  Stewart,  the  historian  of  Bengal*  Close  to  Mad&ran^ 
again,  we  have  Gog'hit,  an  old  seat  of  powerfid  Brahmins,  and  fur- 
ther eastwards,  May6pi^r,  about  7  miles  from  the  right  bank  of  the 


*  Thus  lajs  the  Prophet    (may  God* a    blesaing   reat   apou   him  !J  :     lie  who 
Bda  II   mosqUQ  for   God,  aliaU    have  a  hoase  tike  ib  biiiH  fur  him  by  Gcxl  in 

Parnrtifte.' 

*Tliisisthe  J^mi*  M»«jic1  (erected)  by  tbo  great  aud  benevolent  SuHdn 
'AliLuddaiiy^  wu.ldin  Abul-Muisnf&ir  HiiBnin  Shiih»  the  king,  eoa  of  Sayyid 
A«hraf«  a  de^ecndant  of  Uoiam.  May  God  porpetuato  hia  reigtk  !  A.  H.  £K>^. 
(s=  A,  D.  1503.4), 

*  Mr.  BeanneB  odttion  of  Elliot'fl  Glossary  I,  p.  67,  not«.  Bur  Bh^u,  samiii- 
d4r  of  Chaudarkouii,  held  under  Sha)ijaluui  a  conintaiid  id'  Fivn  Hundrud.  J'u- 
dishdhndmah  f«  h,  p,  32E. 


1 1  1  Proceed ingti  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Apbi 

I>aiiiti(lHr,  whore  ^[ulinmiiiadan  zealots  broke  the  Maya  Ohandf  Id€ 
luid  where  IlusainSh&h  built  a  tomb  for  Mauldn&  Sir&juddin.  Nort 
of  Ilu^^li  apiiii,  lies  the  8a<Ted  Tribeni,  with  the  shrine  of  Zafar  "Khi 
J  Ohii/i,  the  *  friend'  of  ShAh  pafi,  the  saint  of  Pan^uah,  and  tl 
(ihiit  of  the  hist  king  of  Orissa.  Near  Mangr^  (Mugra),  on  the  E. 
]tiiiiway,  the  station  before  Panduah,  an  old  road  {sarak)  is  sti 
[K>iiil<'(l  out*  jiH  the  frontier  of  the  Kingdom  of  the  Gaj^mtis  of  Orissi 
()\i)Ho  to  it  lie  eleven  lints,  called  the  "s-illago  of  S&tgdnw,  whic 
wuH  the  capital  of  I/ower  Bengal  from  the  times  of  'IzzuddCn,  i 
fiiHt  governor,  in  A.  D.  1206,  to  1567,  when  Baud's  mother  thre 
luTHrli'  tlii'n?  at  the  feet  of  Khdn  Jahan,  Akbar's  Lieutenant,  whOy 
few  wei^ks  l)«»lore,  had  defeate<l  and  killed  her  son,  the  last  King^  < 
li<'ijgal.  Tliere  is  ITugli  itself,  with  it»  little  Ban  Mtmjid^  or  Fore 
Mum j lie,  where  Ilindud  and  Muhammadans,  as  elsewhere,  offer  i 
Bniall  <lay  figures  of  horses,  and  get  eured  of  diseases  ;  whilst  tl 
grr>und  on  whi<rh  the  ^Mosque  stands,  pays  rent  to  the  Boman  Oathi 
lir-  Church  at  Band««l,  the  first  church  built  in  Bengal  (1599).  Hei 
ar."  aho  num^TouH  battle-fields,  stiU  i>ointed  out  by  the  peasant 
TJi«5  Akbarnaiuah,  which  contains  so  much  regarding  Bengal,  thoug 
the  pa:r-»ages  remain  to  be  translated,  mentions  at  least  six  battle 
fouglit  by  Akbar's  generals  in  the  Hugli  district. 

Tlie  whole  tlistrict,  in  fa<t,  is  full  t)f  places  of  liistorical  interes 
Numerous  also  are  the  legends  wliich  have  gathered  round  then 
and  I  have  oft«Mi  been  sui-^^rised  to  hear  villagers  tell  stories  whicl 
wlum  carefully  examined,  are  found  to  throw  a  faint,  though  i 
many  cases  unexpected  light  on  the  history  of  the  empire  of  Dihl 
or  of  the  kingdoms  of  Bengal  and  Orissa,  or  oven  on  periods  fo 
wlii'h  we  possess  no  historical  records.  It  is  time  that  somethin 
slioiild  be  <lone  towards  the  collection  of  these  stories,  wliich  ai 
the  true  Annals  of  Kural  Bengal.  It  is  almost  useless  to  say  anj 
thing  regaivling  the  great  value,  especially  in  India,  of  legendar 
informatlrm.  "  Whether  the  stories,"  says  Mr.  C.  A.  Elliott,  in  hi 
exct'lh.-nt  work,  entitled  *  The  Chronicles  of  Onao,'  "  are  tru 
**  or  false,  they  are  believed  by  the  people ;  they  influence  thei 
**  actions,  and  form  topics  of  conversation ;  they  give  the  clue  t 
**  many  a  past  and  present  quarrel,  and  without  a  knowledge  c 
*  Rev.  Mr,  Long. 


e 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  115 

**  thorn,  it  is  almost  impossible  to  decide  many  of  the  disputes 
**  that  daily  arise.  ♦  ♦  ♦  A  knowledge  of  the  popular  tradition 
**  gives  to  its  possessor  both  influence  over  the  people,  and  the  key 
"to  their  hearts."  A  little  kindness  shewn  on  the  part  of  the 
enquirer,  makes  villagers  talkative  ;  they  are  pleased  to  see  their 
stories  appreciated,  and  remember  forgotten  details  quicker  than  the 
pencil  can  write.  They  willingly  place  their  time  and  services  to 
the  disposal  of  the  enquirer,  and  to  take  down  their  traditions  is 
more  a  pleasure  than  an  antiquarian  task.* 

In  this  note  I  have  restricted  myself  to  a  few  remarks  on  Madd- 
ran  and  Panduah,  The  legends  are  entirely  derived  from  Muham- 
madans,  with  whose  dialect  and  mode  of  thinking  I  am  more 
familiar. 

I. — Mada'kan. 

In  reading  over  Stirling's  Eex)ort  on  Orissa,  in  the  XYth 
volume  of  the  Rosoarches  of  our  Societ}',  I  came  across  the  following 
pass*ago  (p.  284) : — 

*  Whilst  Pertab  Rudra  Deo,  king  of  Orissa,  was  occupied  in 
repelling  or  provoking  the  attacks  of  the  Muhammadans  of  the 
Deklian,  the  Afghans  from  Bengal  made  an  inroad  into  the  province  in 
great  force.  Tlioy  advanced  as  far  as  Katak,  and  pitched  their 
camp  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  city,  when  the  Governor  Anant 
Singhar  finding  himself  unable  to  opi)ose  any  effectual  resistance, 
took  refuge  in  the  strong  fortress  of  S^angarh,  south  of  the 
Katjuri.' 

Stirling  then  goes  on  relating  how  the  Bengal  Muliammadans 
plundered  Katak  and  Puri,  but  failed  to  secure  Srf  Jeo,  the 
national  idol  of  Orissa.  Rajah  Pertab  at  last  came  from  the 
Dak'hin  and  defeated  them  in  a  battle,  whi(!h  crippled  him,  however, 
so  much  that  he  was  glad  to  conclude  a  i^eace  nearly  on  the  enemy's 
terms.     The  Muhammadans  then  returned  to  Bengal. 

*  Some  villagers  do  know  how  to  toll  a  talo.  Their  onae  and  fluency  of 
Bpecch  has  indeed  often  astonished  me.  No  amount  of  cross-questioning 
will  confound  them.  The  Lexicographist  even  mixy  loam  from  them,  and  en- 
rich the  margin  of  his  dictionary  with  new  words  and  phrases.  To  give  only 
one  example.  In  Panduah,  I  hoard  at  least  five  times  on  one  day  different 
people  use  ijuAIm  shdhat  in  the  sense  of  salfaihat,  rule,  government,  an  ludo- 
Porsian  word  not  to  bo  found  in  our  diotionarios. 


lie 


Ptiid$idu$gd  uf  the  Auiaik  Society, 


[ApriXi 


Stirling  flo^  not  give  the  date  of  tkis  invasion*  He  merali 
eayti  that  Pertab  reigned  from  1493  to  1524.  Now  on  turning  i 
the  annals  of  Bengal  we  find  that  Pertab*s  contemporary  wa 
Husain  Shdh,  who  has  been  mentioned  above.  But  the  history  of  1 
this  king,  as  fartifi  we  know  it,  says  nothing  of  the  invasion  of  Oris»%  J 
related  by  Stirling.  All  that  ia  said  of  Husain  Sh^  is,  that  ihsl 
inhutart/  JiAJahif^  m  far  ew  Orhsa^  paid  implicit  obedience  t^f  his  cam^M 
viand ^  and  tliut  during  his  reign  he  was  hehved  hy  his  suhjvcts.  A.adJ 
yet,  the  peasants  in  the  Hugh'  dl.^triet  talk  now*a*dayB  of  the! 
iuvaRion  of  Orissa  under  Hu'Sain  Sh4h  !  and  more  remarkable  still,  i 
tliey  a^Tibe  the  fouiidatif»n  of  the  old  Fort  of  Mad^ruti  to  IIu.Main*a  J 
general  that  led  the  expedition  to  OrLasa,  and  point  out  his  tomb  j 
in  iho  District, 

The  geographical   position    of  tlie    old   town   of  Madii'an  had] 
for   a  lo ug  time  be«n     a    puzzle   to   me.     In  vain   do  we  look 
for  thi«  plaro  on  Hennel'a  maps.     Stewart   (p.    99)    places    it    in 
Birbhum,   but  our  Trigonometrical  maps   mention   no     plaoe    of  j 
the  name  of  MatMran.    Abulfazl  in  the  Akbarnimah  speaks  oftenl 
of  this  town.     Hiilainidn  stopped  here^    before  crossing  the   fi'on-] 
tier    of    Bengal    and    Orisaa ;    so    did    Mun'im    Kh&u»    Akbar's 
second   Kh^n  Khauan^    Btijah  Todar   Mall|  and   the  grand   K^jah  I 
Miiu  8ingh.     In  the  A  in,  Mad^lran  Is  mentioned  as   the  name  of  a 
largo   Sirkar,  the  sixteen   pargunahs*  of  which  were   assessed  at 
Bs.  2,35,085.    One  of  its  villages,  named  Hirpah,  had  a  Diamond 


•  1.  Anhatit\  Alhatti,  or  Alhiti,  S.  of  J«hiuibftd,  in  the  DiatHci  ot*  Hui|li. 
2.  Bdhj(uffu\{i  Viir^aah  m  Iiugli|  bortltiriug  on  Bhofaat.    It  is  called  uu  the 

8.  Birbhum,     The  eaiiorti  pot-tioufi  of  the  present  district  of  Birbhum. 

4.  lihunt'tfthhum, 

5.  Cr  sv  Chittou  in  Miduapore  (Mudnipur). 

6.  r  ^f/,  now  iu  the  District  t»f  Bar<lw»u. 

7.  i/* .J  i-i«VxH,     Now  JaliaoAbiiil^  ildj^ii  Didtriai. 

8*  Bavuhhum^  now  iu  Birbhum. 

9.  Bam^idnha^^  now  Suuinitfrsyo,  in  tho  Diatriota  of  11lu|}(  and  6nrd«^4a. 
10,  Shertjofk,  commonly  called  Aifc'/wwfe/irfm,  now  Raneogunge. 

IL,  Shdhpur^  tiuw  a  Parganuh  iu  Modnipur. 

12.  KiL 

13.  Mandab/hdi,  now  iq  tho  HugU  Dtatriot,  botwoGH  the  Dataddar  and   the 
Blip  NarHQi. 

14.  MdkurQtNdgm{?). 

15.  Miiidhd*}, 

1«5»  WsauXi  (?).     Perhaps  a  miatAke  for  Mfj^adal  in  lingll.  South  of  No.  13. 
I  have  not  bL*ou  tihlu  to  identify  Noii.  VZ^  14,  15, 


118 


Pforff^mga  of  fh^  A$utfic  Sariffff^ 


[Abui: 


wards   to  bathe    in     the  Bhagirati.     **You     hav*^    cli&turbed   mj 
prayer,"  exclaimod  Istu&'(1  to  the  Dev8|  "come  down  and  perform 
the  service  which  I  shall  impose  uponyoti  as  a  punishment*'  **  We 
cannot  interrupt  our  flight  to  the  river,"  replied  the  Devs,  *'but  on] 
our  return  we  will  do  whatever  thou  commandest/'     Alter  eom^ 
tame  the  Devs  rame  bark,  and  presented  thomselves  before  iMtni^fl, ' 
who   conmiaiided   them  to   build,    at  tlte  place  where  he  was,  an 
immense  fort,  after  the  model  of  the  fort  of  Lank&  (Ceylon).    Th^ 
Dev8  at  first  object ed,becau&e  tliHV  hfid  never  Iwjon  la  Lanka  ;  bat,  anl 
IsmliMl  remained  firm,  they  quickly  despatched  one  of  their  number  J 
to  Lanki,  and  before  morning   dawned,  the  Port  of  Maddran  ws 
completed.     The  new  fort  was   immense  ;    in  fact  it  consisted   of 
»eveiity-two  forta,  and  ivas  therefore  called  Bdhattargitfh^  or  seventy-] 
two  forts,  'which   the  ignorant   vulgar  has   changed  to  Iihi(ar(fafh\ 
or  *  Inner  Fort.*     Thi-i  altoration  appears  the  more  natural  as  itiuml 
about  the  seventy -two   forts,  at  an  immense  radius,  a  round  wall 
extends',  which,  in  opposition  to   Bhitmgafh^   is  now-a-days  callod 
Biihirgarh,^ 

**  Hut  the  circuit  of  tlie  Fort  wlnrh  the  Devs  had  built  in  onal 
night,  was  so  great  that  much  land  belonging  to  llindiis  had  been  I 
taken  away  for  it.  Now  there  waa  a  Brahmin  in  BrahmangdnvryJ 
half  a  mill)  north  of  Bhitargarh,  who  had  some  influence  (r<wrfi)| 
with  Hiisain  iShih  ;  and  as  a  tank  belonging  to  him  had  beenl 
taken  within  the  new  fort,  he  went  straight  to  Qnur  and  told  Husaiu] 
Bhah  that  IsmfiM  prepared  for  a  revolt  Had  he  not  built  an] 
immense  fort  near  the  frontier  of  Orisaa,  without  tf^lling  the  king  ?J 
This  appeared  convincing,  and  Husain  Shah  sent  a  messenger  toj 
Madman,  to  recall  Ism&'il  to  Court.  Isnid'il  was  just  superintend- 
ing the  digging  of  a  tank  near  Clogli^t,  about  four  miles  east  o£  J 
Mad&ran,  when  the  order  {famvan)  came.  Hence  the  tank  is  evei&J 
now -a- days  called  Farmdndig^hi^  the  Tank  of  the  Order. 

**  Ism^'il  obeyed  the  call  of  his  king  ;  but  no  sooner  had  he  arrived  J 
in  Gaur,  than  he  was  executed  by  Husain  Shdh. 

**  When   the  head    had  been    severed  from  the  body,    strange  tc»  | 
behold,  the   headless  trunk  mounted  a  horse   that  stood  near,  and 
rode  off  in   the  direction  of  Madaran,  whilst  the  head  flew  up  and 
followed  the  rider,  hovering  liigh  in  the  air  perpendicularly  above 
the  body* 


120  Proceedifigs  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [April. 

country  round  about  Bhitaj^arh  is  often  called  Ma^inah  Madaran, 
Within  Bhitargarh  there  are  two  tanks,  called  Kajlah  and  PatJah 
TalaOf  both  from  the  times  of  Hazrat  Ism&'il.  As  in  Panduah,  a  tame 
alligator  lives  in  one  of  the  tanks,  and  on  calling  '  Sadari  Mad&rS 
the  animal  will  come  near  the  land. 

The  great  veneration  in  which  Ismail's  tomb  at  Madaran  has  beei 
held,  has  given  rise  to  the  establishment  of  Dargdhs  in  other  placee 
Thus  at  Dai'wishpur,  near  Haripal  ( W.  of  Biddabattee,  E.  I.  R. 
a  spot  is  sacred  to  his  memory;  and  near  Shyufi  (cfj^^),  o 
as  we  caU  it,  Sooree  in  Birbhiim,  a  field  and  a  large  tree  are  sacre< 
to  him,  and  travellers  have  to  alight  from  their  tattoos  or  palkees 
and  humbly  walk  on  foot  past  the  field. 

About  a  ho8  8.  E.  of  Maddran,  there  is  another  place,  whicl 
I  cannot  find  on  the  Trig.  Maps,  called  Dindnith,  where  two  larg 
gateways  are  standing  forming  entrances  to  an  enclosure  containin( 
about  eight  or  ton  highahs.  The  gateways  were  erected,  in  A.  H 
1136,  or  A.  D.  1723-24,  by  Shuj&'uddaulah  Mutaminul  Mulk  Asad 
Jang,  in  commemoration  of  his  return  from  Orissa  to  Benga] 
Peoiile  say,  the  enclosure  was  a  standing  military  b&z6r  {fariidgdK) 
I  have  succeeded  in  getting  facsimiles  of  the  inscriptions. 

If  we  strip  the  legend  of  the  headless  rider  of  the  wonderful,  w 
have  the  plain  story  that  IsmdMl,  Ganj  i  lashkar,  a  general  o 
Hiisain  8h^,  invaded  Orissa  from  Bengal  in  the  beginning  of  th 
16th  century,  gained  a  signal  victory  over  of  the  Orissians  a 
Katak,  and  then  returned  to  Madman,  where  he  built  a  For 
witliin  the  walls  of  which  he  lies  buried.  Whatever  difference  o 
opinion  may  exist  as  to  the  historical  value  of  legends  in  genera] 
it  strikes  me  that  the  Maddran  legend  confirms  and  completes,  in  \ 
most  unexpected  manner,  the  Uria  accounts  from  which  Stirlin( 
extracted  the  above  mentioned  details  of  the  Muhammadan  in 
vasion  of  Orissa. 

U.     Pandmh  («j5ij). 

Panduah  is  the  second  station  after  Hugh'  on  the  E.  I.  Railway 

It  was  till  lately  the  chief  town  of  the  Parganah  of  the  same  name 

and  occurs  as  such  in  Todar  Mall's  rent-roll,  where   the  Pargana] 

is  assessed  at  1823292  dtois,  or  45582  B.     It  became  English  h 


1B70J 


ProcHdhigi  of  the  A$iatic  Socteii/* 


121 


I  8ept6mber  1760>  and  formed  part  of  wbat  was  then  called  the  *  Za- 
minddri  of  Bai"d\r^**  There  were  formerly  fortifitJationB,  and  traces 
of  the  old  wtJl  and  diU'h  may  fttill  be  seen  at  a  good  distance  fi-ani  the 
present  viilagii.  Tlie  ruins  of  it8  old  mosqnea,  and  ilie  great  size  of 
its  tanks  with  their  masaiYe  ghdU  amply  coniinn  the  tradition  tliat 
Panduah  was,  till  lately,  a  town  of  importance.  Its  paper  manufac- 
tories existed  till  the  beginning  of  the  preaout  century  :  the  term 
Pandui  Kdgkiz  is  even  now  well  ku<iwn  among  Muliamniadans. 
The  Panduah  paper,  I  am  told,  was  prized  for  its  thi  tineas  and 
durability,  whilst  the  Ancali  Kdghiz^  or  jiaper  of  iVrvval,  a  town 
and  parganah  in  Bih^,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Son,  is  still 
valued  fur  its  tluekness* 

The  inhabitants  of  Panduah  are  eliiefly  Muliammadans.  In 
former  times  Hindiis  had  been  kept  out,  though  of  late  lower  ca*»te8t 
as  shop-keepers,  have  settled  there ;  but  even  now-a-djiya,  I  am  told, 
wot  a  single  Bralmun  is  to  be  foutid  there.  The  iuhabitaats  all 
claim  to  have  descended  from  the  saint  wiiose  story  is  given  below, 
and  the  nobUity  {shard/at)  of  their  origin  id  never  ^[ueBtioned  out- 
side of  Panduah. 

With  the  exception  of  the  Ain»  I  have  not  found  Pa^^uali  men» 
tioned  in  the  works  of  Indian  Etistorians.  Another  town  of  the 
same  name,  which  the  inhabitants  of  Pa^tji^^  spoke  of  as  the 
'greater  Pau<^ua.h'  i^Uj^ij  fjj),  occairs  often  in  the  Tanldi-i-Finus 
Shahi  {reign  of  Firuz  Shah^  EiL  BibU  Ind.  p.  588,  &c.).  It  lies  north 
of  Milldah  on  the  road  to  Binagepore^  and  is  generally  culled  on  our 
mapsPwr/ooa,  instead  oi  Patuluah^  the  nasals  being  omitted,  and  the 
4  changed  to  r.  It  was  a  mint  town,*  and  for  some  time  the  rc«i- 
denc^  of  Ilyfia  Bhaugi-ah,  king  of  Bengal  (13-13  to  1358,) 

The  decline  of  Panduah  appears  to  be  due  to  tlie  epidemic  for 
which  the  whole  district  is  nottjrious  ;  all  whom  I  asked  on  this  snb- 
jeut,  unanimously  attributed  the  decay  of  the  town  to  the  prevalence 
of  fevers* 

The  places  of  historical  and  aroheeological  interest  in  Panduah 
ore  the  tower,  two  old  mosques,  of  which  one  is  in  ruins,  and  the 

•  Thonittfi,  I,  c.  p.  66,  note.  The  two  miut«,  Mu^axxrifitAbiid  and  Gliiispfir, 
ifit^Tiliimed  by  TUonitts  on  pp,  Bl,  62,  can  perhaps  be  vurifiLul.  Tin*  fonnL^r  is  pro. 
biilily  t he  Bftrtie  !i»  3!    ■  ..,.-.■  '     latt»?r  bokmga  to  Luk'litmutt 

The  ruiiiB  of  Cin  u©d.     In  Vol.    XVI,   of  our 

Jourim)^  p.  3^7,  iht.  :.,     ^  _    .  _  .. ,.    , .  i. 


122  Trocff^iuffi  of  th^  A^iafie  Soti$i^,  \j 

tomb  of  Sli^di  patmddin  (e,^JoJf  ^^i-©  »U),  wLich  lie  close 
ttbout  twenty  minutes'  walk  from   the   station.     Without   em 
inio   a   m.inute   desitriptiou  uf  these   builditigs,    which  I  wish 
reaen^e  till  several  drawingii  have  been  tiunipleted,  I  may  state  th 
the   tower    re.seiubles   iu   structure   the  Qu^b    Mtui^   near  IHb 
The   inside   wall*  are   well  eiiamellod,     A   fine  view  may  be  hi 
from  the  top.     The   mosque  to  the  west  of  the  tower,  ia  very  lo4 
and  low,  as  early  Pat-hdn  mo^quns  ai'e.     Within  are  two  rowa 
21   pilUirs  eacli,   6  feet  high,  wiUi  high  archea.     The  roof  coutai 
63    very  low  cupolas.     On  the  west  side  is  a  steep  declivity,  at  t 
foot   of  which  is   a  tank.     The  mosque   is  built  of  small  light-r 
bricks   which,    like  the   42    pillars,  onr-o  belonged  to   a   Buddhi 
temple.  The  whole  east  side  uf  the  mosque  is  one  mass  of  Bud* 
ornaments   iu   excellent  preservation.     The    pillars  inside 
basalt  f'  about  lialf  of  them  ore  well  ornamented,  others  are  b1 
cut.     The  diBtance  between  the  doors  is  the  same  as   the   thi 
of  the  walls,  about  one  yard  and  throe  quarters.    The  inner  wi 
wall  is  ornamented  with  low  niches  of  Buddhistic  design.     In 
K.  W.  comer  of  the  mosque  a  high  platform  has  been   erected 
solid  masonry  with  a  small  room  ou  it,  which  is  said  to  have  aervi 
8h^h   pafi    aa  Chillahkhdnah    {aA^aX^^   or  room  to   which  herm 
withdraw  for  forty  days).     Outside    the   mosque  a   few   unfinish^ 
basalt  pillars  lie  about     There  is   no  inscription  on  the  mosque 
Across  the  r<^a<l,  south  of  the  tower,  is  the  A6tdmth  (threshold)  c 
tomb  of  fafiuddin.     It   has   no   inscriptions  on   its  walls.     We( 
of  the  tomb  is  a  ruined  mosque  of  the   14th  or  15th   century,  wit 
ornaments  half  Buddhistic,  half  Musalmdn.     It  has  outside    thr< 
basalt  tablets,  with  Arabic  insei-iptions  in  large  Tughi^li  charaetei 
containing  verses  from  the  Qoran^  &c.     There  is  another  inscriptia 
inside.     They  are  very  high   on   the  walls  ;  facsimiles   are    bein 
taken  uf  them.     The  story  goes  that  the    mosque  was   built   by 
rich  merchant  in  fulfilment  of  a  vow  made  by  him  for    the    safe  ri 
turn  of  his  ships  (to  S&tginw  ?)  ;  but  he  built  it  with  chunom  maJ 
out  of  eowries,  and  demanded,  moreover,  that  no  one  shoidd  repa|j 
it  unless  he  took  the  same  kind  of  lime.  *  Henro  it  is  now  in  ruiui 

*  Dr.  StoltcxiiA  (Qform*  me  ihnt  Kig  Uaaalt  of  these  pillara  is  tho  aumo  iv  I 
bftsaU  fouud  in  tbi^  Bi^jmahul  Hills.  -^ 


124  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [April, 

from  Fan<][uali.  Shah  pafi  was  a  man  of  illustrious  descent.  His 
father,  Barkhurdar,  was  a  noble  of  the  Court  of  Dihli,  and  had 
maiTied  a  sister  of  the  Emperor  Firuz  Shdh.  Once  a  feast  was  g^ven 
in  Panduah,  to  celebrate  the  circumcision  of  a  boy,  and  a  cow  had 
been  killed  on  the  occasion.  This  saciilege  was  reported  to  the 
Pandub  Rajah,  who  had  the  child  killed,  pafi  then  went  to  Dilhi, 
complained  to  his  uncle,  the  emperor,  and  asked  him  to  give  him  a 
sufficient  number  of  troops  to  punish  the  R^jah.  His  request  was 
granted ;  but  as  the  expedition  was  a  religious  war,  pafi  before  set- 
ting out  for  Bengal,  went  to  Panipat-Karn^l,  to  ask  tlie  blessing 
of  Bu  *Ali  Qalandar,  a  renowned  saint.  The  blessing  was  not  with- 
held, and  the  saint  assured  ^afi  that  he  had  received  the  glad 
tidings  of  victory  from  heaven,  pafi  now  moved  to  PaQ(j[uah.  In  his 
army  tliero  were  also  two  other  men  of  renown,  Zafar  Kh&n  i  Gh&zf, 
whose  shrine  is  at  Triboni,  north  of  Hugli,  and  Bahrdra  Saqq&y 
who  had  imposed  upon  himself  the  task  of  serving  as  Bhishti  {saq^ 
qd)  in  a  war  against  infidels.  His  shrine  is  at  Bardwdn.  But  it 
was  a  difficult  matter  to  crush  the  power  of  the  Hdjah  ;  for  near 
his  residence  at  Mah^nith  he  had  a  tank,  the  waters  of  which 
possessed  miraculous  powers ;  and  whenever  a  Hindu  had  been  killed, 
the  Pandub  R^jah  throw  the  dead  body  into  the  tank,  and  life  and 
health  wore  immediately  restored,  f  afi  soon  saw  that  his  efforts 
would  be  fruitless,  unless  the  restorative  power  of  the  tank  was  first 
broken.  This  was  at  last  accomplished  by  some  faqirs  who  had  at- 
taclied  themselves  io  his  exx)odition.  They  killed  a  cow,  and  ma- 
naged to  throw  the  liver  into  tlie  tank,  when  all  at  once  the  Devs, 
upon  whose  presence  tlio  virtue  of  the  water  depended,  went  away. 
The  liajah  was  now  easily  defeated,  and  his  power  completely 
broken.  The  old  temple  in  Panduah  was  also  destroyed,  and  the 
prosiait  mosque  built  with  its  materials.  The  large  tower  was  used 
as  Afandrah  for  the  call  to  prayer,  and  every  Hindu  was  driven  out 
of  tlio  town. 

*  pafi  soon  after  continued  Ids  wars  with  the  infidels,  and  was  at 
last  killed  in  a  figlit.  His  cliildron  buried  liim  at  Panduah,  and 
erected  the  vault,  wliieh,  togetlier  with  his  mosque,  still  exists.  His 
dc'scendants  increased  so  rapidly,  that  Paijduah  soon  became  a  large 
place.     The  fame  also  of  the   nobility  of  its  inhabitants,  who   all 


126  Proe$eding%  of  the  Asiatie  Society.  [Apkil, 

The  President  felt  sure  that  the  Society  would  give  hearty  en- 
couragement to  Mr.  Blochmann  in  his  efforts  of  collecting  the 
scattered  traditions  of  the  country.  The  stores  must  be  rich,  for  no 
other  form  of  history  obtained  among  the  people,  and  that  the 
necessciry  faculty  exists  in  full  development  is  shown  by  the  ex- 
traordinary performances  of  those  pandits  whose  business  it  Ib  to 
recite  the  sacred  books. 

Babu  Bajendralala  Mitra,  after  a  few  remarks  on  the 
paucity  of  historical  records  among  the  Hindus,  said  that  when  the 
Society  undertook  the  compilation  of  the  Muhamma^lan  historical 
series  in  the  Bibliotheca  Indica,  it  was  expected  that  a  flood  of  new 
light  would  be  thrown  on  the  mediseval  history  of  India. 

The  works  selected,  were  mostly  the  writings  of  eye-witnesses 
of  men  who  either  took  part  in  the  occurrences  they  described,  oi 
were  so  favorably  situated  as  to  be  familiar  with,  or  able  to  coUee 
the  most  authentic  records  of  their  times.  Their  works  too  were  ful 
of  the  minutest  details  and  hold  in  the  highest  estimation  by  the  peo 
pie  of  this  country.  Owing,  however,  to  shortcomings  on  the  part  o 
the  editors,  and  some  other  causes,  those  materials  had  not  beei 
sufficiently  utilized.  Ho  was  glad,  therefore,  to  notice  that  Mi 
Blochmann  had  taken  up  the  task,  and  the  interesting  pape: 
that  had  been  read  to  the  meeting,  shewed  what  valuable  use  may  b( 
made  of  them.  There  were  many  nooks  and  comers  in  Bengal- 
many  monuments  of  old — the  history  of  which  was  completel; 
enveloped  in  darkness,  and  which  can  be  only  brought  to  light  by  i 
diligent  study  of  the  records.  The  tower  of  Panduah  had  attracted 
the  notice  of  every  traveller  by  the  East  Indian  Eailway,  but  non 
could  get  any  information  about  it  from,  the  people  of  the  country 
Mr.  Blochmann's  paper  will  now  unveil  the  mystery  that  hunj 
c»ver  it.  The  Babu,  in  conclusion,  expressed  a  hope  that  Mr.  I 
would  do  for  other  districts  of  Bengal  what  he  had  so  ably  don 
for  Hooghly  and  Burdwan. 

The  Eev.  J.  L  o  n  g  observed  that  he  had  obtained  from  the  neigl 
bourhood  of  Panduah  two  Budhist  coins  which  are  about  thirtee 
hundred  years  old,  and  indicate  that  Budhism  must  have  been  c 
that  time  flourishing  in  those  districts. 


1870.]  Proeeedhigs  of  the  Aiiatio  Society,  127 

At  the  close  of  the  meeting,  the  President  introduced  to  the  mem- 
bers present  His  Excellency  Mons.  de  Baronowsky,  a  Russian 
gentleman,  late  Governor  of  the  Province  of  Orenberg.  The  fact  that 
the  Society  had  in  the  last  nimiber  of  its  Proceedings  republished 
some  important  papers  upon  Central  Asia  indicated  the  great  interest 
which  it  took  in  the  countries  constituting  the  Eussian  Empire,  and 
he  was  sure  they  would  be  glad  to  welcome  their  distinguished 
visitor.  The  President's  proposition  was  warmly  seconded  by  the 
meeting. 

M.  de  Baronowsky,  in  expressing  thanks  to  the  President  and 
to  the  members,  briefly  alluded  to  the  object  of  his  visit  to  India, 
and  spoke  of  the  great  scientific  and  commercial  importance  which 
attaches  itself  to  an  intimate  relation  of  the  Indian  possessions  with 
Northern  Asia. 

LiBKABY. 

Additions  to  the  Library,  during  the  month  of  March,  1870. 
*«*  Kamos  of  donors  in  capitals. 
Prese^itations. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Gbeat  Britain  and  Ireland, 
Vol.  IV,  Part  I. — The  Royal  Asiatic  Society. 

Journal  of  the  Chemical  Society,  Vol.  VII,  for  November  and 
December,  1869,  2nd  Series,  Vol.  VIII,  January,  2nd  Series,  1870. 
— The  Chemical  Society. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Geological  Society  of  Ireland,  Vol.  XII, 
Part  n. — The  Royal  Geological  Society  of  Ikeland. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  116.— The 
Royal  Society. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Institution  of  Gh-eat  Britain,  Vol.  V, 
Nos.  49,  50,  61. — The  Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Geographique,  Janvier,  1870, — The  Geo- 
graphical Society  of  Paris. 

Proceedings  of  the  Portland  Society  of  Natural  History,  Vol.  I, 
Pt.  n. — The  Portland  Society  of  Natural  History. 

Jahrbuch  der  Kaiserlich-Koniglichen  Geologischen  Reichsanstalt. 
Band  XIX,  April,  May,  June. — The  Ijiperial  Geological  In- 
stitute OF  Vienna. 


128 


Proeef dings  of  tlrn  A»iaik  Society* 


[APEt^j 


Bijdragen  tot  de  Taal-land-en  Volkenkunde  van  Nederlandscli 
Indie,  lY-L — TrrE  Batatiai^  Society, 

Natnurktmdig  Tijdsclirift  voor  Nederlandseli  Indie,  Deal  XXXJ 
— The  Batatian  Society. 

De  Wajangvorhalen  van  Pala  Sara,  Pantjoe  en  Itadlien  Pandji 
in  Uet  Javaanscli,  met  Aanteekeningen,  door  T*  Euorda. — Tub 
Bataviaw  Society, 

A  Treatise  on  Asiatio  Okolera,  by  Dr,  C.  MacnamarOt— Tiik 
Author. 

Etude  BUT  lo  Lalita  Vietara,  by  P,  E.  Foucaux^ — The  Author, 

Indo^Partliian  Coins,  by  E.  Tliomas,  Esq, — The  Authob. 

Rtihasya  Sandaj-bha,  Vol.  V.  No.  57, — The  Editor. 

Beport  on  the  Cliaritable  Dispensariea  under  the  Government  of 
Bengal  1808,  by  Z,  Murray,  Esq.,  M.  D. — The  Govikkmewt  of 
Bengal. 

Selections  from  the  Eocords  of  the  Government  of  India,  Home  J 
Depai-tment,  No.  TjXXTT  to  LXXIV.— Tn^  same. 

Kecords  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol.  II,  Pt.  2,  3  and ' 
4,— The  same. 

Peport  on  the  Cartographic  Applications  of  Photography,  byl 
Lieut.  J*  Waterhouee. — ^The  Government  of  India,  Home  Depa&t-^i 

MENT. 

Annual  Eeport  on  the  Convict  Settlement  of  Port  Blair  for  the  J 
year  1868-69.— The  same. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  the  Government  of  India,  Foreign ' 
Depai'trnent,  Nu.  LXXIH, — The  Government  of  India,  FoREioir 
Department* 

Beport  on  the  Revenue  Survey  Operation  in  British  Burma,  1 
1868-69, — The  Benoax  Government, 

Beport  on  the  Revenue  Survey  Operation  of  the  Lower  Provinces, 
1868-69. — The  same. 

Report  on  the  Vegetation  and  the  Forests  of  the  Andaman  Islandsi 
by  Ml*.  8.  Kurz* — The  same. 

The  Seven  Pagodas,  by  Oapt,  Carr,  (with  plates). — The  Madras 

GoVBBNMENT, 

General  Report  on  the  Topographical  Survey  of  India,  1868-69* 
hy  Col.  Thuilier, — Tira  Surveyor  Gsnbkal. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  129 

Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol.  m,  Pt.  1.— The 
Geological  Subvey  op  Iin)LA.. 

FurcJiase. 

The  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Vol.  V,  No.  26. 

Comptes  Rendus,  Tome  LXX,  No.  1  to  5. 

Jonmal  des  Savants,  Jan.,  1870. 

Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,  15th  December,  1869, 1st  and  15th  Jany., 
1st  Feby.  1870. 

Quarterly  Review,  No.  155,  January,  1870. 

Westminster  Review,  January,  1870. 

North  British  Review,  No.  102. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  No.  44. 

Indian  Annals  of  Medical  Science,  No.  XXVI. 

Revue  Archeologique,  Jan.  1870. 

The  Ferns  of  British  India,  Part  XXHI. 

Jacut's  Geographisches  Worterbuch,  Vierter  Band,  Zweite  Heelfte, 
von  F.  Wiistenfield. 

Assyrian  Dictionary,  by  E.  Norris,  Pt.  IT. 

Facts  and  Argimients  for  Darwin,  by  F.  Miiller. 

Numismata  Orientalia  illustrata,  by  the  late  W.  Marsden. 

Vergleichende  Grammatic,  Zweiter  Band,  Erste  imd  Zweite 
Haelfte,  von  F.  Bopp, 

Fragmenta  Historicorum  Arabicorum. — Tomus  Primus,  continens 
partem  tertiam  operis  Kit^bo-*l-Oyun  wa  'l-had6ik  fi  akhb&ri  1- 
hakdik,  quern  editerunt  M.  J.  de  Goeje  et  J.  P.  de  Jong. 

Indische  Streifen,  (Zweiter  Band),  von  Albrecht  Weber. 

The  London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine, 
Vol.  39,  No.  259. 

Mirdt  ul  'Arus,  by  Maulwf  Nizir  Ahmed. 

Geschichte  der  Sprachwissenschafb  und  Orientalischen  Philologie 
in  Deutschland,  von  T.  Benfey. 

Exchange, 
Atheneeum,  January, — Nature,  Nos.  10  to  18. 


132 


Proce4dm2B  oftfu  Asiatic  SoeieUj, 


sOme  idea  of  the  shape  and  dimensions  of  the  various  articles.^ 
I  have  this  day  despatched  a  box  containing  specimens  of  oadx. 

**  4.  The  copper  pieces  are  divided  into  thi-ee  sets  shewn  (on  pL  U), 
in  the  figures  1,  2,  3,  iu  all  there  are  many  variations  in  shape,  size 
and  weight.  The  following  dimeaaiona  of  the  type  represented  by  Fig-, 
la — le  shew  the  principal  difference  in  size  of  the  various  specimens 
in  inches,  as -length  24^,  21i,  17^;  breadth  in  front,  or  at  the 
sharpened  and  wider  end-4,  3 ;  breadth  near  the  middle  2  J,  1  J- ; 
the  thickness  varies  from  J  to  J  inches.  The  vainous  dimensions  uf 
the  type  represented  by  Fig.  2  are  in  inches :  length  8J,  4 ; 
breadth  at  the  sharpened  end  6  J,  5  J,  2| ;  breadth  above  1,  2  J  ; 
breadth  in  the  middle  2  j  ;  and  the  corresponding  measurementB 
of  the  form  shewn  in  Fig.  3a — 3o  are  in  inches :  length  7  J»  6^, 
6 J ;  greatest  breadth  in  front,  or  at  the  sharpened  end,  ti J,  4i^,  2J  ; 
breadth  above,  or  at  the  narrow  end  4,  3^.  Of  these  copper  pieces 
were  found— of  fig,  1,  90,  of  fig.  2,  which  gradually  passes  into  the 
next,  25  specimens,  and  of  the  form  shewn  in  fig.  3,  209. 

*'  The  silver  pieces  are  principally  of  two  different  shapes,  one 
circular  and  the  other  cornuted,  somewhat  like  the  upper'portiou  of 
a  bull*B  head  with  large  downward  curved  horns,  (see  figures  4  and 
5),  The  greatest  diameter  of  these  thin  plates  varies  as  follows — 5 
inches,  44",  5i",  the  shorter  or  vertical  diameter  of  the  cornuted 
pieces  varies  from  4"  to  5  J".  There  were  found  39  pieces  of  the  form 
represented  by  tig.  4,  and  63  of  that  represented  by  fig.  6a  and  i5b« 

*'  6.  The  place  where  the  ditn.H^vei'y  was  made,  is  a  piece  of  waste 
land,  contiguous  to  the  present  village  of  Gungeria  ;  the  spot  where 
the  excavation  was  made,  is  about  100  yards  to  the  south-west  of 
the  village,  and  about  a  mile  from  tlie  nearest  neighbom-ing  village, 
the  hole  in  the  ground  from  which  all  were  taken,  is  only  about  3 
feet  long  l»y  3  wide  and  4  deoj).  All  the  inhabitants  agree  that, 
until  about  20  years  ago,  this  particular  pdace  was  always  covered 
with  jungle ;  during  that  year  it  was  cleared  and  planted  with  kudA^ 
and  that  since  Uien,  has  been  left  imcultivated  as  a  grazing- place 
for  the  village  cattle. 

**  6.  The  oldest  residents  in  the  neighhoui^hood  are  unable  to 
throw  any  light  on  the  origin  of  these  curiosities.  The  copper 
pieces,  judging  from  their  shape  and  size,  appear  to  have  been  in- 


A  BLOOKFIELD .  Froe :  AtUt.  Soc :  Bengal  fbr  Vaj  1170. 


Ti  n 


^vr-  -r^ftre-nce  9*m  p.ltZ. 


&    6. 


1870.] 


Pro€0iidin0R  of  th$  Anaiic  SociH^, 


19a 


tended,  some  for  axes  and  otliors  for  '*  phalfi**  or  spuds  (an  iraple* 
ment  used  for  removing  the  earth  adhering  to  ploughs).  The 
silver  pieces  may  have  been  naed  for  ornaments,  and  the  mark  (about 
one-eighth  of  an  inuh  in  width)  which  is  visible  on  all  of  them, 
leads  ono  to  believe  tliat  they  were  at  some  time  or  other  set  or 
inlaid  in  something,  posjsibly  wood,  or  Hme  ;  one  disc  of  silver  haa 
a  number  of  small  holes  pierced  round  the  edge. 

**  7.  The  copper  pieces  when  found,  were  arranged  carefully,  the 
longer  pieces  being  in  alternate  transverse  layers,  and  the  othera 
in  regular  order  one  above  another.  The  silver  was  found  in  a 
lump  by  the  side  of  the  copper^  all  the  plates  adhering  together^ 
so  that  at  first  it  looked  like  a  ball  of  earth.  The  quality  of  both 
the  silver  and  copper  has  been  pronounced  by  lo<ial  goldsmiths  to 
be  ver}'  good.* 

''6.  Nowhere  within  the  borders  of  the  village  of  Gungeria  are 
there  truces  of  anything  which  can  lay  claim  to  antiquity.  Bat 
about  3  miles  to  the  soutli-east,  around  the  viOage  of  Mhow  (or 
Mow),  there  ore  ruins  of  a  Buddhist  temple  of  considerable  anti- 
quity, and  many  roughly  carved  stones  which  show  that,  when  the 
surrounding  country  was  covered  with  jungle,  this  place  (Mhow) 
wae  inhabited,  and  uf  some  importance.  About  4  miles  to  the 
north-east  of  Gungeria,  on  the  top  the  hiU  of  "  JSoondordeyhe"  i» 
a  Goud  shrine,  of  some  note,  sun'ounded  by  a  low  wall  of  loosely 
packed  undressed  stijnos  j  a  path,  winding  between  the  rocks  and 
dumps  of  bambi(i8,  and  commanded  at  intervals  by  travei-ses  of 
loofie  stones,  leads  up  from  the  valley  below*  Tlie  hill  is  covered 
with,  and  smTounded  by,  thick  jungle,  so  that,  without  guides,  it 
would  be  almost  impossible  to  find  even  the  path  leading  to  the 
shrine. 

'*  9.  The  copper  imxdements,  or  arma  whichever  they  may  be,  ore 
perhaps  remnants  of  the  copper  age.  Most  of  them  have  appar- 
ently never  been  used,  but  there  are  a  few  with  turned  edges  and 
broken  cornei-s  and  other  marks  of  wear  and  tear.  The  fact  that 
hardly  two  of  the  copper  pieces  are  of  the  same  size,  weight  or 

*  Mr,  A.  Tween  esunimed  boib«  the  coppor  and  silver,  and  found  the  former 
to  be  ikLmost  pare ;  it  ooutaiued  only  about  one  half  per  C4?nt.  of  leod.  The  silver 
contAined  0*^7  per  cent,  of  gold,  which  quiuitity  ia  often  to  be  observed  in  old 
silver  LitenBiU  or  orunmenlH.     [Euir,] 


l:U 


Ft'Q€f^dh}0fi  *>fthe  Attiafic  Sockiff* 


j^hape,  and  tlie  marks  of  the  hammer  (ee©  tig.  Ic),  which  aro  plainli 
Tisible  OB  aome,  lead  to  tlie  belief  that  all  were  made  up  by  han( 
and  not  cast. 

**  10.  The  silver  discs  ai'e  nearly  all  of  the  same  shape  and  siz< 
hut  the  homed  pieces  vary  considerably ;  fill  are  very  thin.  On  firl 
looking  at  these,  the  idea  slrikes  one,  that  the  eii'cular  discs  wer 
first  made  and  tlie  comuted  pieces  or  tridents  were  afterwards  ct^ 
out  of  them.  But  on  carefully  comparing  one  with  the  other,  ; 
was  found  that  some  of  the  tridents  are  muth  larger  than  the  dieo 
and,  therefore,  could  not  have  been  cut  out  from  them.  No  pi 
fragments  or  clippings  of  any  kind  were  foujul, 

'*  11.  If  these  implementB  and  orm^ents  are  so  interesting  as 
first  sight  they  appear  to  be,  you  will  perhrjps  kindly  let  me  kno' 
the  opinion  of  your  Society,  of  their  date,  origin,  &c.  For  my  pi 
I  shall  be  only  too  happy  to  give  or  protjiire  for  yon  any  informi 
tion  I  can  gather  regaling  thorn,  or  any  otlior  remains  of  anji 
logical  interest  in  the  neighbniu}»o<Ml." 


Br.  Oldham  drew  attention  to  the  remarkably  good  styte  I 
workmanship  exhibited  in  the  manufacture  of  the^Q  copper  remaiuf 
Some  of  them  were  beautifully  sharp  and  the  hammer  marks  wei 
Btill  risible,  but  they  hardly  could  be  brought  in  close  comparieoi 
with  implements  from  the  so-callttd  copper  age  of  Europe.  Very  fet 
exhibited  any  proof  of  having  been  in  use,  one  or  two  did  so,  citha 
by  the  edges  being  chipped  or  broken,  or  by  the  hammered  in  em 
beaten  tops.  From  ^Ir.  Bloomfield's  description  of  the  lot>alit 
and  the  condition  under  which  these  implements  had  beeu  found,  i 
appeared  very  probable  that  they  formed  a  ti'easure  or  were  acoumii 
lated  and  put  away  for  safety.  The  silver  pieces  were  said  to  he  lik 
those  used  to  attach  to  the  front  of  dedicatod  Bidls,  but  soj 
the  native  members  would  bo  better  able  to  speak  to  this. 

Biibu  R,  M  i  t  r  a  said  that  the  silver  pieces  are  somewhat  simi 
to  those  now  used  for  the  object  mentioned  by  Dr.  Oldham,  bi 
he  was  in  doubt  whether  those  submittod  to  the  meeting  had  reall' 
served  the  same  purpose  or  not.     Tho  present  race  of  cattle, 
thought,  had  the  horns  turned  upwards,  not  downwai-d  as  in  th( 
and  pieces  imitating  the  former  shape  are  now  in  use. 


1870.] 


Proeifftlii^n  of  ihv  Ashtu'  Soeich/. 


2.  From  B^bu  Gopin&tlia  Sena, — a  copy  of  a  Table 
showing  ilie  mean  munthly  variations  of  the  Barometer  in  th© 
Surveyor  General's  office,  Calcutta,  from  1855  to  1BG9. 

From  H.  V.  8 1  o  n  e  y,  Esq. — ^a  piece  of  a  calcareons  tulfa  taken 
out  of  a  Siau  tree  near  Outtack. 

The  following  letter,  addressed  to  Dt.  T.  0 1  d  h  a  m,  was  received 
with  the  specimen, — 

Outtaek,  April  17/A,  1870. 

"  By  to-day's  post  I  send  you  a  bit  of  Hmost^ne  which  I  took  out 
of  the  heart  of  a  Sisd  ti^ee. 

**  I  do  not  know  whether  euch  a  thing  is  generally  known,  or 
whether  it  is  only  down  here  where  trees  present  such  a  peculiarity. 
Perhaps  you  will  bring  it  to  the  notice  of  the  Aaiatie  Society,  if  you 
think  it  deserves  mention. 

"Many  trees  in  the  Tributary  Mehals  havepieees  of  tliis  sUme  in 
Bssures  in  them,  but  principally  Assin,  Swarm,  Sisii,  and  Abloua. 
I  have  seen  a  piece  as  loug  as  7  inches  by  2  iudies  tliick,  but  quite 
irregular  in  sliape,  it  generally  is  foiuid  about  six  feet  fi-om  the 
ground,  the  wood  closes  up  again  after  r^eiving  it.  The  natives 
use  it  for  tinting  with  pawn,  and  have  a  cuj'jous  way  of  biirtiiiig  it, 
which  is  by  putting  a  piece  of  the  stone  witli  a  lighte<l  bit  of  wood 
into  a  handful  of  ati'aw,  then  turning  a  twisted  straw  rope  round  it, 
and  swing  it  round  the  head  for  a  few  minutes,  ;when  it  is  found 
fully  burnt,  and  ready  fur  use.'* 

Several  members  made  observations  on  the  specimen  submitted. 
It  appeared  clciir  tliat  tho  eidcareous  tuffa  must  have  been 
formed  in  the  tree,  and  pdrhajis  the  lime  had  been  dii?sulved  by 
the  atmosplieric  water  out  of  the  substance  of  the  tree  and  then 
again  depntiited.  Tlie  only  objection  agaiuBt  this  explanation  would 
ai»pear  to  be,  that  most  of  the  trees,  mentioned  by  Mr.  S  t  o  n  e  y 
as  containing  pieces  of  the  lime,  are  growing  on  siliceous  ground, 
and  ^Ir.  K  u  r  x  to  whom  tlie  specimen  was  submitted,  stated  that 
he  occasionally  met  with  very  small  siliceous  contjretions  in  some  of 
those  trees,  as  also  in  bambiis,  but  never  with  any  deposits  of  lime** 


•  TbeiipeoJr 
exLibii  any  ^ 
oiuib«  nttrii  >! 


t'tions  of  old  wood  of  the  tree,  does  not 
m1  losufiiOBo  tl*at  the  Qi igin  offi/rmatioti 
;  strinoii  nfi  if  iht'  dcctijfcd  wood  had  been 


190  Ptootodingtt  uf  th  Aiiaiic  Society.  [May,' 

Dr,  Oldham  promiBeci  to  obtoin  further  iB-forraatloii  *m  Mr. 
8 1  o  a  6  y  *  6  interesting  disoovery* 

From  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Dal  1, — From  Calcutta  to  Lomlon,  hy  the  ' 
8uoz  Canal* 

From  Wra.  H.  I)  a  1 1,  Es^i.,  through  the  Rev.  0.  H.  D  a  1 1,— 
Materials  for  a  monograph  of  the  family  Lep$Udm» 

Tho  foUowintr  gentlomon  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
meeting  wore  ballottod  for  and  elected  ordinary  members. 

Dr.   Wart  h,   Agra. 

Dr.   W.   S  c  h  1  i  c  h,  Deputy  Conservator  of  Foresta. 

J.   E.   D  ob  8  o  n,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

C.   M  a  e  n  a  g  h  t  e  n,  Esq. 

E&J&  Satyanand  GhoahdL 

Q.  H,   D  a  m  a  n  t,  Esq. 

The  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  June , 
meeting. 

B4bu    Vrinddvanachandra    Mandala,    Zemindar  of " 
Balaaore,  proposed  by  B&bu  Rajendralala   Mitra^  seconded 
by  Mr.  H.   Blochmann, 

W.  W.  Hunter,  E&q.,  LL.  D,  proposed  by  the  Hon'ble  J.  B. 
P  h  e  a  r,    seconded  by  Dr.   J.  E  w  a  r  t. 

Sir  R  i  c  h  a  r  d  C  o  u  €  h,  proposed  by  the  Hon'ble  J.  B.  P  h  o  a  r, 
seconded  by  the  Hon'ble  J.  P.  N  o  r  m  a  n, 

R4ji  Ameer  Hussun,  Khdn,  Bahadur,  Talookddi-  of  Ma- 
hmudabfid,  proposed  by  Moulvie  A  b  d  o  o  1 1  a  t  e  e  f,  Khiui, 
Bahldur,  seconded  by  B&bu  R^jendral&la  Mitra. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  intimated  their  desire  to  withdraw 
from  the  Society, 
Capt,  W.  J.  S  e  a  t  o  n. 
K  Wilmot,  Esq. 
Bdbu   Priyanitha  Setha. 
The  Council  reported  that,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Philolo- 

cemented  by  the  lime.    Mr.  Tween   nuide  a  rough   iiq a1  jm  of  a  ntinll 

portioti  oi'  tho  specimen,  and  foujid  that  50  grs,  of  the  titDe«toue  lost  od  igaitioti 
4>.2  gre.f  &nd  dissolved  in  uitric  acid  left  0,9  uf  inAolofaie  miitler.     This  equais 
to  ^ —  origan io  run tter     ...--.     8.4  per  cent. 
HuUible  (inoatlj  oarbonute  of  lime,)        -         -     WM 
iniioluble  (nihoo,  ulaminik  4c.)        •        -         •       1.8.     [Eimt.] 


1870.] 


PraceediHffS  of  the  AsMic  Soeidtf, 


137 


gical  Committee,  they  have  resolved  that  the  fullowin*^  \^orks  be 
printed  in  the  Bibliotheca  Indioa — 

The  Sima  Veda. 

The  Farhang  i  HaBhSdf. 

The  Coumil  proposed — that  the  elections  of  the  following 
gentlemen,  not  having  complied  with  the  conditions  of  Bnle  5  of 
the  bye-law8  of  the  Sodoty,  are  to  be  cancelled, — N.  Daly,  Esq., 
A,  J.  Hughes,  Esq.,  the  Eev,  J,  Marks,  Lieut.  0.  H.  T. 
Marshall,  T.  W.  Rawlins,  Esq.,  Major  J.  F.  Sherer, 
lieut.  CoL  J.  M  o  r  1  a  n  d. — The  proposition  was  carried. 

— That  Rs,  100  due  from  the  following  gentlemen,  dead,  bo  written 
off,— from  J,  Furlong,  Esq.,  Rs,  64,  R.  J  a  r  d  i  n  e,  Esc^.,  Rs. 
12,  J.  Kavenagh,  Esq.  Rs,  24, — Carried. 

— Tliat  the  names  of  the  following  gentlemen,  not  having  complied 
with  the  conditions  of  rule  1 3  of  the  byedaws  of  the  Society  be 
struck  off  the  member  roll, — 0.  B  a  v  i  e  s,  Esq.,  Mahdrfijd  Sir 
M  i  n  8  i  n  g  Bahddiir,  B§bu  R  a  j  o  n  d  r  a  D  a  1 1  a,  B^bu 
Raman^thaS^su,    A.  Fisher,  Esq. — Carried. 

The  President  also  brought  forwai'd,  on  behalf  of  the  Council, 
the  follondng  proposition,  due  notice  of  wliich  was  given  at  tho 
last  meeting  of  tho  Society;  **  That  a  donation  of  Rs.  100  out  of 
the  Society's  Funds  should  be  made  in  aid  of  the  subscription  for 
Mrs.  P  i  d  d  i  n  g  t  o  n." — Carried, 


The  following  papers  were  read  : — 

L — Notei  on  Old  Dihli^ — hy  J,  0,  Tkemxett,  Esq, 
(Abstract.) 

^Ir.  Tremlett  in  this  paper  restricts  his  remarks  to  such 
andent  Hindifi  and  Pafhan  buildings  as  have  a  historical  or  architeo- 
tural  interest,  and  are  situated  in  or  around  the  site  of  old  Dihlf, 
The  paper  ftjrms  an  excellent  supplement  to  General  Cunningham's 
reports,  published  in  Vol.  XXXm  of  the  Society's  Journal, 

The  following  places  are  described  in  this  paper — the  Tank  of 
Saraj  Kan^lh,  the  Colonnade  of  the  Gb^eat  Mosque  at  the  Qufb 
Man&r,  the  mosquea  of  Shamsuddin  Iltitmish  (Altamsh),  Sult^ 
Ghfoi,  the  tomb  of  Ghiisuddin  Bolban,  'Atlil^b^d,  the  Palace 
of  Firiizdb^d,  the  mosques  of  Jahan  Khan,  the  tombs  of  Firuz  Shdh 
Tughluq,  MubSrik  Bhih,  Sikandar  Lodhi,  and  tho  Pur^ia  Qirali 


138 


Pnpc*'f^dtftffH  of  th(^  Astatic  8onH(/>, 


[May,  ^ 


Tlu-  paper  ftincludos   with  a  very  iutt>resting   chaptur,    entitled  ^^J 
**  Proposed Critma  towards  fixifi^  th* datn  o/Fafhdn  huilditnj9  al D/ZlH/^^^H 
Lh\  Oldham  road  sumo  portions  of  tlio  pnpor  and  expressed  th^ 
hope  that  Mr*  T  r  e  m  1  ♦>  1 1 '  s  notea  iiiuy  soon  be  printed  in  Part  I , 
of  the  SoeitJtj^'s  Joiuiial. 

11,^0 n  ty  Efilatton  of  tJw  Ljia  h  ike  other  tmd^tn  Ar^an 
Innguagw^  by  J.  B  e  a  m  e  s,  Esq.,  B.  0.  S. 

Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  8,  in  this  paper,  alludes  to  the  appoarancu  of  a 
Bengali  pamplilet,  *  Uria  not  un  independent  langua^i^o,'  by  Bibuj 
Kdntichandra  of  Balsisore.  Though  *  destitute  of  pUiloiugit-al  acumen,'! 
the  book  had  caused  some  sensation,  and  induced  Mi\  B  e  a  m  o  8  I 
institute  a  coraparisiuii  between  Ufia  and  Prakrit,    He  had  come  tol 
the  conclusion  that  Ufia  was  a  sister,  not  a  daughter,  of  Bengali. 

Mr,  Beamee  hopes  in  a  short  time  \jq  bring  out  Im  Comparative 
Grammar  of  tlu>  Aryan  Languogos  of  India,  in  which  the  argumeat 
will  apx>efir  in  a  fuller  form. 

Babu  Rdjendraldla  Mitra  then  rose  and  addressed  thfl 
meeting  at  some  length.  He  snid  that  all  along  he  had  been  of  opinioi] 
that  Uria  was  a  daughter  i»f  Bengali,  and  that  Mr.  B  came  s^  arg'U^ 
ments  had  not  changed  liis  opinion.  He  thtntgUt  tliat  Mr,  B  0  a  m  e  si 
proofs  were  very  limited,  both  in  number   and  force.     The  ditlbr 
euces  between  Uria  and  Bengali  were  altogether  so  insignificant^l 
that  no   calm  observer  would  look   upon  them  as  anything   but 
elight  dialectical  deviations  or  differences  in  pronunciation.     He 
certainly  believed  with  Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  s,  that  a  ehdsa  of  Gumsar  would 
not  understand  a  chwiti  of  Dacca ;  but  he  idso  believed  thut  a  peasatili 
of  Kent  would  not  understand  a  peasant  of  York,  and  yet  no  on^ 
would  call  tho  dialect  of  either  a  sister  of  the  English  Language. 

Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  8*  paper  and  Babu  R  a  j  0  n  d  r  al  d  I  a  M  i  t  r  a  *  1 
Rtrietaros  will  shortly  appear  in  the  second  fnseicul^is  of  tho  Fluhilci 
gical  Part  of  the  JoiU'nal. 

ll\,—Nifte  on  a  Penmn  MS.  cnUthd Mru-AT  Vh  Qfds,  a  Life  of  Chrhi 
compilrd  at  tfm  request  of  the  Emperor  Albar  hy  Jf  r  otneXav  *  e  tA 
— *y  H.  Blocjiman:?^,  Esq.,  M.  A.,  Cahutta  Madrmah, 
Tho  curious  Persian  M8.  which  T  liiive  the  ploasnre  of  exhibitini 

to-night,  was  given  to  mo  by  tlie  Eev*  Mr.  1*  o  u  of  the  Calcutta  Fr 


1870.] 


ffytceedift^n  of  tke  A%iaik  Smdtf* 


139 


Cliureli.  Tho  work  is  entitled  Mir-di  nl  Quds  or  *  Mirror  of  Sanc- 
tity/ and  is  a  Life  of  Ohjist,  writtea  in  A.D.  1602,  at  the  request  of  the 
Emperor  Alcliar,  by  J  e  r  o  m  e  X  a  v  i  e  r,  nephew  to  the  renowned 
Fran  I-' is  Xavier.  Hough  in  his  History  of  Chri8tiauity  in 
India,  (YoL  II#  p«  282)  says  ofJeronaeXavie  r — *  Having  studied 
Persian  for  the  purpose  of  commending  Christianity  to  the  Empomr 
himsnli'j  he  cMsmposed  two  works  in  tliat  language  ;  the  first  entitled, 
The  IluUtfff  of  our  Lord  Js^tit^  Chht.  The  second,  The  Life  af  th 
ApmUe  SL  Peter,  These  works  were  interw^oven  with  Persian 
legends,*  wliich  he  imagined  would  render  them  more  acceptablftj 
to  his  imperial  diadplo/     In  a  foot  note,  he  adds^ — 

*  These  two  works,  In  manuscript,  fell  into  the  hands  of  Louis  d  e 
D  i  e  Uj  a  celebrated  professor  of  oriental  languages  in  the  University 
of  Ley  den,  who  published  them  with  a  Latin  version,  and  some 
notes,  "  which,  says  the  Jesuit  Alegambe,  were  worthy  of  tJie 
fire."  *  *  Tlie  puiport  of  Louis  deDieu's  notes  Vas,  to  defend 
the  Sacred  Scriptures  against  the  imputation  of  samtioTiiug  sucdi 
^rosfi  falsehoods  aa  Jerome  Xayier  had  mixed  up  with  them, 
♦  *  *  Besides  his  works  on  the  Gospel,  J,  Xavier  composed  a 
similar  vers  inn  of  tlie  Koran  in  Portuguese.  *  *  Z/y  Crozt%  pp, 
332,  333.' 

The  MS,  bul'tii-e  tl       ]  ,     hnr,  la  the  first  of  the  abovomenttoned 
works.     Although   X  a  v  i  u  i    s  works  have  been   translated,    for 
|K>leuiic  reasons,  into  Latin  by  Louis  deDieu,  who  was  professorJ 
of  Oritiutal  Languages  at  Leyden  in  1639,  or  twenty^two  years  alter 

X  a  V  i  e  r  *s  duath^  I  thought  that  the  insertion  in  our  Journal  of 
1^  short  notice  of  this  uimous  MS.,  fr-om  a  literary  point  of  view, 
might  not  be  out  of  place.  On  previoujB  occasione  I  drew  the  attention 
of  tlie  memhers  to  the  religious  view.^  of  the  Emperor  Akl>ar,by  laying 
before  them  passages  bearing  on  this  subject,  which  I  ha«l  collect- 
ed fiom  Muliammadan  Historians,  A  short  notice  of  LeBieu's 
translation  itsc^lf  might  form  a  fitting  sequel  io  my  former  renitirks  ; 
but  Iho  di^eovery,  in  India,  of  a   MS.  of  J»   X  a  v  i  e  r  *  s  text,  is  a 


•  Tills?  lai  not  fl>p  i%i«o.     KoiiTirr  tho  Hir-it-til^Qods^  nor  tho  kistoij  of  St. 
V  feromoXftvior  slionld  kinve  inijmd  up 

j^'  .  b&r,  ia  most  iinpmbabJe,  ujaJou  U  o  u  g  h 

iacaii4  \'nii,i  {ii'j^MiniiL,  There  is  >'un'tcicat  evHdtJiiCti  in  tlio  Mit-dt-rd-i^uU*  to  jb6w 
ilmt  J    X  }*  V  i  (?  r  wuk  Uioronjflilv  nruinaiiiU'd  with    A  k  b  a  r '  b   reli^tnits  iTfurif, 


MO  Proceeding*  of  ih^  Asiatic  Satiety 


\f 


matt'er  of  some  «iiin08ity,  wlion  we  remember  the  aruuety  of 
A  k  b  a  r  '  s  succesaors  to  destroy  the  monunients  of  his  tipoatacj 
from  lalim,  L  e  D  i  e  u  Vb  translation  of  the  Mir-ui  ul  Quds  Is  not 
in  our  Library,  W©  have  only  his  text  and  translation  of  the  life 
of  Peter  (No,  37  in  our  Catalogru©). 

The  following  is  a  translation  ofJ»XavIer'a  prefhoe, 
AlUhd  Akhm^ ! 

Mir-dt  ul  Quikf  in  tehkh  an  account  u  §iven  of  the  wmderfiU  hi^i4>ry  of 
I'ahu^  Kitii^tuSf  and  of  his  heavenly  teaching  and  hk  mirachs. 

Words    intended    t^)  be    epolcen   at    the    time    of    prostrotio 
(zaminhsi*)  before  His  Majesty. 

When  the  extraordinary  accoiuits  of  the  Messiah  spread  over 
the  surface  of  the  earth,  A  b  g  a  r,  king  of  Edessa,  desired  to  see 
him*  He  therefore  sent  a  messenger  to  him  with  an  invitation  to 
rome  to  his  kingdom,  the  half  of  which  was  at  his  service.  H© 
also  sent  a  slcilful  painter  who  was  to  take  the  likeness  of  Christ, 
fto  that  the  king  might  at  least  have  a  portrait  of  the  Savioiir, 
should  he  not  be  willing  to  come  to  Edessa.  The  meBsenger  saw 
Christ  and  brought  him  the  invitation. 

When  he  hecird  that  Christ  found  it  inconvenient  to  go  to  Ede8s% 
the  pednter  *  collected  his  strength/  called  his  whole  genius  into  play, 
and  drew  a  likeness  which  surpassed  his  f>xpectation9»  But  when  on 
the  following  day,  he  compared  the  portrait  with  the  features  of  the 
Messiah,  he  was  ashamed  of  his  work.  He  then  set  about  to  alter 
it,  and  his  feoling  of  shame  left  him,  and  ho  glorified  God.  The 
second  and  third  days  ho  studied  the  features  deeper ;  but  he  only 
got  more  ashamed  than  he  had  been  before.  He  renewed  liis 
attempt*.  AH,  however,  was  in  vain  :  whatever  he  completed 
today,  he  had  to  reject  the  following  day,  till  he  despaired  of  his 
art,  and  grew  thoroughly  ashamed  and  sorry. 

But  Jesus  had  compassion  on  him,  and  fLsked  him,  at  the  time 
of  his  departtire,  to  give  him  a  cloth.  The  painter  did  so,  and 
Christ  drew  it  over  his  face  and  returned  it  to  him.  To  Im  gi*eat 
joy,  the  painter  saw  that  the  saintly  features  of  the  Messiah  had 

•  Vido  Kin  trnnstfttion,  p.  213.  note  2.  The  story  of  kinjr  Abgar  of  Edofisa 
ffftfl  inteodod  to  foi  niBli  a  piirnllcl  betweeu  J.  X  a  v  i  o r  and  tfie  painter;  but 
there  ifl  a  lurttrS  vcrhtmim  in  tbo  natnes  Ahgar  and  Akhar^  which  the  Oriental 
ratod  Qtiderataiida  to  tipprrjoinUs 


^ 


1B70.] 


Prtm^ings  of  ih$  Anatic  Boekti/. 


HI 


left  a  dear  and  faithful  impreesion  on  the  cloth.  The  painter  took 
it  to  Edeesa,  and  gave  it  to  his  king,  who  preserved  it  rejoicingly, 
and  ahewed  it  every  honor  and  adoration.  By  its  meauB  he 
conquered  all  his  diifioulties. 

This  story  I  hare,  not  without  reason  ^  put  in  the  hoginuing  of  my 
Drk.  Your  Majesty  has  heard  an  account  of  Christ's  sublimeness 
and  greatness  ac-cording  to  authorities*  whinh  differ  in  their 
evidence ;  and  as  you  expressed  a  desire  tg  have  a  ti^uthful  account, 
ytm  were  pleased,  in  your  search  for  truth  and  love  of  wisdom,  to 
order  me,  the  meanest  of  your  servants,  PAdH  JeromeXavier,f' 
whom  you  have  graciously  admitted  to  Coui't,  to  write  in  Peraian 
a  history,  containing  everything  done  and  said  by  Christ,  as  wo 
End  it  in  our  bf^oks.  Tlaving  been  engaged  in  this  calling  for  forty 
yoani,  and  studied  l*er8ian  fur  seven  or  uight  years,  I  now  eagerly 
and  zealously  fuliil  your  Majesty's  command*  I  have  thrown  my 
whf»le  heart  into  this  work,  and  girdled  myseli*  with  the  waistband 
of  xotil ;  I  have  spent  many  days  in  completing  this  hook,  and 
denied  myself  the  comforts,  and  even  the  necessaries  of  life,  in 
order  to  carry  out  the  wishes  of  your  Hajosty,  who  is  God*3  shadow 
on  earth.  Boyal  orders  cannot  in  a  less  degree  be  honoured, 
especially  in  matters  which  to  conceal  woubl  do  men  harm,  and 
which  to  promulgate  is  an  act  ol'  worahippmg  God, J  as  the  angel] 
H  a  p  h  a  e  1  said  to  T  o  b  i  a  s — *  To  guard  the  secrets  of  kings  ia 
good  ;  but  to  make  God's  hidden  wisdom  known  to  men,  is  laudable 
and  approved  of  by  all/ 

If  in  presenting  this  book  and  portrait  of  Christ  to  VMur  Ma- 
jesty I  have  been  late,  the  truth  is,  that  I  made  8<  vuiul  attomptH, 
thinking  after  my  own  fashion  that  I  had  completed  it ;  but  as  often  I 
made  a  clean  copy  of  my  rough  notos,  and  compared  the  Persian  with 
tlie  features  of  the  Latin  (tirit)^ /of  J;^!)  origimil,  I  was  dissatisfied, 
and  what  I  had  looked  upon  as  complete,  appeared  deficient  and 
defective,  bo  much  «o  that  I,  too,  was  ashamed  of  my  work,    and 


•  J.  Xavier  evidently  means  the  Bumei'oufl  Mahamnrndan  historiefl  of  tbA 
Propheta,     Thus  tb©  Rauiotu^c**/"*  »  work  which  Akbar  priaod,  ooutaio«  a  rick 
rllectiou  of  Eastam  titJos  regarding  Cbriat. 
^  The  tojtt  has  ^^  >*HH'ijrtfj   Zi;m/uVii(j  8h/itv(f* 
%  Akbar'fl  favourite  phmso  i  t;t4e  mj  Kifk  Uimsljitiua.  p.  IL 


11*2  ProveedintjH  of  the  Asiatic  Society*  [May, 

(liHpuirod  of  my  capability  and  understanding.  But  I  prayed  without 
encasing,  and  by  the  mercy  of  God,  and  the  auspiciousness  (f^i^ci7] 
of  your  Majesty's  reign,  I  have  overcome  my  difficulties,  and  am 
now  at  last  satisfied  with  my  work.  I  therefore  make  bold  to  lay 
tlio  l)ook  at  the  foot  of  your  throne.  May  Christ  bless  your  Ma- 
josty,  and  all  that  listen  to  its  contents  !  I  am  perhajra  not  wrozig  in 
thinking  that  of  all  works  which,  during  the  reign  of  your  Majesty, 
have  been  translated  into  Persian,  this  work  wiU  recommend  itseli 
most  to  your  Majesty's  attention  ;  for  no  book  of  this  nature  ap- 
pears to  have  been  composed  in  former  times,   because   either 

;•]  Persian  scholars  were  not  ac(xuainted  with  Latin,  or  Latin  scholars 

-i  did  not  understand  Persian,  or  because  there  never  was  a  king 

1  who,  like  your  Majesty,  loves  wisdom  for  its  own  sake,  and  searches 

'.'  \  for  it  with  an  equal  amount  of  zoul. 

',';|  I  therefore  hope  that  your  Majesty  will  be  pleased  to  accept 

■J  tliis  work,   less  for  the  labour  and  devotion  which  enabled  your 

\\  servant  to  complete  it,   but  because  it  shews  who  Jesus  was^  and 

.|  what  he  did  and  taught. 

.  j  Lot  it  be  known  that  this  book  is  divided  into  four  chapters. 

■  The^W^  clia2)tor  treats  of  the  birth  of  tlie  Messiah  and  of  his  life 

prior  to  the  commencement  of  his  teaching.  The  second  chapter 
gives  an  account  of  his  miracles  and  liis  doctrine.  The  third 
chapter  describes  the  circumstances  of  liis  death,  and  what,  in  his 
love,  he  suli'erod  for  tlie  salvation  {saldmatl)  of  men.  The  fourth 
chapter  gives  a  sketch  of  his  resurrection  and  ascension. 

I  have  not  written  down  all  I  could  have  written.  However, 
the  work  as  it  is,  will,  I  trust,  sufficiently  shew  your  Mi^jesty, 
what  Christ  was. 

As  the  footprint  shews  tlie   size  of  the  elephant,  and  the  mark 

'  \  of  the  i)aw  the  strength  of  the  lion,  so  will,  I  hope,  this  work  shew 

f  .'  your  MajtJHty  my  zeal  to  serve  you.     I  intreat  your  Majesty  to 

order  this  book  to  be  read  in  your  august  assembly ;  for  its  doctrine 

'  1  is  the  source  of   all  virtue,  and  i)oaee  of  mind,  and  balm  for  the 

sold.  People  may  say  that  all  books  are  balm  for  tlio  soul ;  but 
this  book  above  all  others  will  give  peace  to  your  Majesty's  heart, 
as  Clirist  has  said — *  My  word  is  bidm  for  the  soul,  and  eternal 
life.' 


\ 

\ 


iii'i 


\ 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  143 

I  have  to  premise  that  the  greater  portion  of  this  work  is  taken 
from  the  holy  Gospels,  and  I  have  avoided  citing  from  other 
writings  ;  but  I  have  noted  my  authorities  in  the  margin*  of  the 
book,  where  I  have  also  given  the  headings  of  the  several  chapters. 
Several  of  the  Christian  doctrines  set  forth  in  this  book  may, 
indeed,  defy  and  vex  man's  understanding  ;  but  they  are  a  mirror 
reflecting  Divine  truth,  and  are  fully  explained  in  other  works  of 
mine  which  are  nearly  ready,  and  which,  with  God's  eissistance,  will 
soon  be  finished. 

May  the  Lord  Jesus  take  your  Majesty  in  His  keeping  and, 
according  to  the  desire  of  your  servant,  vouchsafe  you  His  know- 
lodge,  upon  which  alone  the  salvation  of  your  soul  depends. 

Written  at  Agrah,  15th  Urdibihisht  (April)  1602. 

The  book  ends  with  copies  of  two  letters,  one  written  by  P  i  1  a  t  e 
to  the  Emperor  T  iberius  and  the  Roman  Senate  regarding 
Christ,  and  the  other  written  by  *Lintul,'  Pilate's  predeces- 
sor to  Tiberius,   regarding  the  external  appearance  of  Chi'ist. 

J.  X  a  V  i  e  r  then  mentions  a  Maulavi  of  Ldhor  who  assisted 
him  in  the  Persian  translation,  and  says — 

*  This  sublime  book  and  its  auspicious  preface  have  been 
compiled  from  the  Gospels  and  other  prophetic  books  by  me,  P^dri 
Zeron^mo  Shavir,  the  Firingi,  of  the  Society  of  Jesus,  at  pre- 
sent in  Agrah,  by  order  of  the  king  of  kings,  the  enlightened  ruler, 
the  lord  of  the  age,  JaHluddin  Akbar,  the  greatest  (aJchar) 
of  kings.  May  God  perpetuate  his  reign  ! — ;  and  Maul&n& 
'Abdussattdr,  son  of  Qdsim,  of  L6]ior,t  "^w  residing  at 
Agrah,  has  translated  it,  jointly  with  me  {ba  ittifdq  i  man),  in  the 
year  1602,  the  47th  year  of  the  reign  of  His  Majesty.' 

•  They  arc  not  given  in  the  MS. 

t  Hough  (p.  285)  calls  him  *Ahdel  Senarin  Kasem,  which  is  no  Muhammadan 
name.    If  L  e  D  i  o  a  gives  this  name,  he  mast  have  read  ^^\3  ^jluJf«xx^   for 

How  well  J.  Xavier  knew  Akbar's  peonliaritics  may  be  seen  from  the  fact 
that  he  calls  him  Jaldluddin  Akhar,  instead  of  JaldliuUUn  Mohammad  Akhar, 
Akbar  disliked  the  name  MuMmmad,  Abulfazl  also,  in  his  list  of  Akbar's 
Grandees  in  the  Ain,  leaves  out  the  names  Muhammad  and  Ahmad,  whenever 
practicable. 


141 


Proceeiin^i  of  ike  AiMk  SacMf* 


[Mj 


The  following  table  of  contents  of  tBe  first  Ohaptdr   will  gt 
gnr,d  idea  of  tlie  nature  ofJ,  Xttvier*s  life  of  Christ. 

m4ipUr  L 
T?ie  CMld/iood  of  Je^un, 

The  birth  of  Mar^,    The  good  ciroumetanceB  of  her  parentB^ 
angel  appears  to  her  father  at  Jeruealem,  amLoiinoing  Mary's  bi 
The  parents   return    to   Nazareth*     Anna,    Mary's  mother, 
eeives,  Thursday,  8th  December,  or  16th  Dimdh  of  Akbar^d 
Mary  bom,  8th   September^   or  16th   Shahritcar  of  Akbar 
Meanings  of  the  word  Mary,     The  angels  announce  Mary's  bi 
to  some  inhabitants   of  Nazareth.     Mysterious  music  heard  froi 
heaven.     The  inhabitants  of  Nazareth  resolve  to  keep  the  8th  Sep 
tember  a  holiday.     Papal  edict  of  A,  ]>,  1250  regarding  the  celeb: 
tion  of  the  Day,     Mary  is  consecrated  to   Ood  in    the  temple,  o\ 
Friday,  21st  November,  or  2l)th  Ab^uof  Akbar*s  Era,  uad  jiut  undi 
the  c^are  of  pioua  female  teachera.     An  account  of  wonderful  eveni 
which  took  plat^e  on  her  going  up  the  steps  of  the  temple.  Her  daiij 
occupations  in  Die  temj^ile,  her  vij'tuea.     She   uses  continually    the 
plirase  Deo  ffraciai.     She  remains  in  the  temple  up  to  the  age  of  thir- 
teen. WonderfuleloctionofJosGph  as  her  husband.     Joseph  ia  forty 
years  old,  his  virtues,  his  purity.  How  painters  usually  represent 
Beasons  why  Mary  was  married  to  Joseph,  the  chief  object  bi 
to  confound   iSatan,  who  knew  from  the  prophetical  books  tlitit  th 
Messiah  would  be  bora  of  a  virgin^hence,  though  watchi\il,   hi 
did  not  look  for  her  among  married  women*     Desci'iption  of  MaryJ 
her  slender  wi'ist,  oval   face,  light  brown   comijlexion,    largo  blue 
eyes,  golden  hair,  long  hands,  elegant  fingers. 

Birth  of  ChriiL  Gabriers  announcement.  Mary's  age  is  1$ 
years,  6  months.  Moaning  of  Nazardh,  Interview  of  Mary  audj 
Elizabeth.  Inferences  regarding  the  spiritual  power  of  Mary, 
Birth  of  John,  Doubts  of  Josox^h.  Ho  will  not  complain  to  tli< 
liuler  of  Nazareth^  resolves  to  tlee  and  leave  Mary.  God  sends  an 
angel  to  him  in  a  dreani,  Chritst  bom,  exactly  at  12  o'clock,  midnight, 
Mary  worships  her  son.  Gospel  events.  No  original  sin.  Evoota 
whicli  took  place  in  other  parts  of  the  world  at  the  time  when  the 
Mesfidali  was  born,  An  olive  oil  spring  appears  in  Kome^  becomes 
a  large  river,  and  flows  into  the  sea.     The  ttimple  of  Janus  cl< 


I 


Proeef<iinff4  of  tki  AMtatk  Socitiy, 


UJ 


general  peace.  Conversation  between  the  emporor  Augustus  and 
Sibylla,  who  shews  him  a  likouesa  of  Ohriat.  Curious  Toices  from 
heaven •  A  temple  of  Apollo  falls  in.  Appearance  of  three  suus 
in  Spain,  g^raduallj  flowing  into  one.  In  another  part  of  Spain,  a 
cloud  of  light  appears. 

Account  of  Herod.  Jaroh'a  prophecy  that  the  Messiah  would 
be  bom  during  his  reign,  is  fuMled.  Circumcision.  The  tlu-oe  wise 
kings  of  Arabia,  and  an  account  of  how  their  bodies,  after  their  death, 
came  to  Constantinople,  then  to  Milan,  and  at  last  to  Cologne, 
where  they  are  at  present.  Their  comiag  was  foretold  in  Paalni 
Lm  and  Is«  bs. 

Jesus  presented  in  the  temple.  Doubts  of  Simeon  regarding  tho 
possibility  of  a  virgin  giving  birth  to  a  son.  He  thought  that 
the  word  mrgin  was  a  mistake  of  a  copyist.  He  is  now  convinced  of 
hia  error.  Story  of  Hannah  the  prophetess.  A  feast  held  t*>  her 
honor  in  A.  D.  570  at  Constantinople,  after  an  epidnmic.  The  feast 
ordered  to  be  generally  observed  by  Pope  Sergiius  {pdpah  sarshio) 
in  888. 

Flight  of  Joseph  to  Memphis  in  Egy^it.  Miraculous  power  of 
the  water  of  a  well  in  wliiuh  je.sus  was  washed.  Murder  of 
the  children  in  Bethlehem.  Herod  kills  his  own  son  by  mistake. 
The  murder  of  the  children  is  reported  to  tlie  Emperor  Augustus, 
who  said  that  pigs  were  safer  in  the  household  of  Herod  than 
ohildren.  These  children  are  the  first  Qhrii^tian  martyrs.  Joseph 
returns  from  Egypt. 

Jesus  in  the  temple.  A  short  history  of  the  temple.  The  wicked- 
ness of  Antiochus  Epix^hanes.  Jesus  continues  obedient  to  Joseph 
and  Mary.     He  does  not  teach  before  the  age  of  thirty. 


To  judge  from  several   quotations  in  Hough,  it  would   appear 

I  tliat  L  e  D  i  e  u  *  s  MS.  of  the  Mir-U  ul  Q»d4  had  no  title.  His  edition 

I  of  the   *  Life  of  Peter'  contains  no  preface ;   nor  does  J.   Xavier 

I  mention   himself  as   the   author  of  the  book.     Le  Dieu   merely 

I  ascribes   the   book  to  J.  Xavier^  beeatise  it   bears  the  same  dato 

(1(502),  and  because  the  phraseology  of  buth   books  is  the  same,  a 

fact   regarding   which  there  can  Ik?  no  doubt,     Maul6n4  *Abdua- 

sattir  is  not  mentioned.     To  the   title  Ikbfdn  i  Sm  FUdro^   or 


1  \Ci  Proceed mgs  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [May, 

History  of  St.  Peter,  L  e  D  i  e  u  adds  on  the  title  page  of  his  edition 
the  words  ammd  dludah^  *  but  contaminated.'  L  e  D  i  e  u  '  s  edition 
contains  also  a  most  interesting  (Latin)  letter  written  in  1598  by 
J.  Xavier  and  Emmanuel  Pigneiro,  who  accompanied  Akbar  to 
Kashmir,  and  back  to  L^or  and  Agrah.  Their  views  reg^arding 
Akbar's  character,  the  behaviour  of  the  Hindus  and  Muhammadans 
towards  Christians,  and  their  moderate  success  as  missionaries, 
&c.,  deserve  the  attention  of  the  Historian.  The  letter  contains 
also  several  allusions  to  the  wellknown  cunahula,*  or  representa- 
tions, in  wax,  of  the  Messiah  in  the  manger  at  Bethlehem,  which 
the  Padris  exhibited  at  Christmas  to  the  amusement  of  Hindilis 
and  Muhammadans. 

Instead  of  *  Hindils  and  Muhammadans,'  J.  Xavier  uses  *  Mann 
et  Ethnici,'  which  corresponds  to  the  phrase  *  Moors  and  Gentoos,' 
which  we  find  so  often  in  old  Sanads  of  the  E.  I.  Company,  and 
in  early  histories.  Orme  was  the  first  that  objected  to  this  term. 
For  *  Mughuls'  and  *  Akbar,'  the  letter  gives  invariably  the  curious 
spellings  Mogorani  (sic)  and  Acabar, 

There  is  nothing  to  shew  that  L  e  D  i  e  u  observed  the  historical 
value  ofJ.  Xavier's  books  :  he  was  too  much  engaged  in  hot 
controversy  to  be  struck  by  the  tolerance  shewn  by  a  Muhauimadan 
ruler  towards  Christians. 

The  Persian  of  J.  Xavier's  work  is  easy  and  flowing.  There 
are  very  few  passages,  if  any,  that  soimd  '  outlandish.'  L  e  D  i  e  u 
did  not  detect  any  linguistic  flaws  either.  One  phrase,  however, 
struck  me  as  peculiar.  'Padri  J.  Xavior,  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus'  is  translated  by — 

— hut  guhbat  does  not  mean  *  Society,'  but  *  society'  in  the  sense  of 
*  friendship.' 

*  This  word  has  enabled  mc  to  correct  a  corrupt  passafi^  in  the  History  of 
Akbar  by  Rndaoiif,  printed  in  our  Bibl.  Indica,  •Cunabala/  transliterated 
wouhl  bo  e;4UU^,  with  a  final  nun  %  ghum\4ih.  Tho  MSS.  of  Badaoni  (vido  my 
Ain  translation,  p.  193,  I.  3  from  below)  have  a  word  (jlUJLi  or,  without  dots^ 
e^^UJb,  for  which  wo  have  no  doubt  to  read  {*)^\JS,  The  passage  translated 
would  thus  be — 

'  Tho  rin^Mng  of  bells  as  in  use  with  the  Christians,  and  tho  shewing  of  the 
figure  of  the  cross,  and  the  cun^ihula  at  their  feast,  and  other  childish  play- 
things of  theirs,  were  daily  in  practise  [at  Akbar's  Court].' 


1870.]  ProeeedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  147 

In  his  transliteration  of  foreign  names,  J.  Xavier  naturally 
^Uows  the  pronunciation  of  his  mother-tongue.  For  Biblical 
names,  however,  he  follows  the  Hebrew,  which  he  had  evidently 
studied.     Thus  he  writes — 

fjs^ji^,  Kafamahiim^  Capernaum,  according  to  the 

Hebrew  D^miSS 
^y^i,  nhii\  Jesus,  for  r\}}^t^ 

«4JU,  ^dlimahj  a  virgin,  or  rather,  a  young  woman, 
Is.  vii.  14,  for  HD^JT  'almah, 
J.  Xavier  also  proposes  four  new,  but  rather  fanciful  or  im- 
possible, etymologies  of  the  word  Mary,  or  Mir  yam.  He  says  it  means 
\,high.  It  seems  as  if  he  had  derived  it  from  Dll.  2.  Sea  of  bitterness, 
from  D^  ydm,  sea,  and  ID  mar,  bitter.  3.  Teacher.  It  is  dif&cult  to 
guess  what  Xavier  means ;  perhaps  he  derives  it  from  ilTID,  the 
Part.  Hiph.  of  ITT'  to  teach,  4.  Master  (Mistress  ?)  of  the  Sea,  from 
the  Chaldee  KID  Lord,  and  ydm,  a  sea.  The  usual  etymology 
from  ^1D,  the  *  rebellious,'  or  *  coy,'  is  not  given. 

Mr.  Don's  MS.  also  contains  a  small  collection  of  *  Prayers' 
in  Persian. 

rV.  Gentiana  Jaschkei,  re-established  as  a  new  genus  of 
GentianacecB,  by  S.  Kurz,  Esq. 

The  President  suggested  that  this  paper  be  considered  as  read, 
as  it  only  contains  detailed  descriptions, — and  that,  on  account 
of  the  late  hour,  the  following  papers  be  postponed  for  the  next 
meeting — 

V.  Notes  on  the  Andamanese,  by  Surgeon  F.  D  a  y. 

VI.  Notes  on  a  trip  to  the  Andamans,  by  V.  Ball,  Esq. 

VJLL.  A  short  list  of  Andaman  Test  words,  by  F.  A.  de 
Boepstorff,  Esq. 

VIII.  Notes  on  Archaeological  remains  found  near  Taxila,  by 
J.  G.  Debnerick,  Esq. 

IX.  Archa)ological  Notes,  by  A.  C.  L.  C  a  r  1 1  e  y  1  e,  Esq. 


M8  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [May, 

Library. 

Tlie  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  siuce  the 
last  meeting,  in  April : — 

FresentatioJis, 
%*  Namos  of  Donors  in  Capitals. 

Proceedings  of  tbe  Eoyal  Society,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  114  :— The 
lioYAL  Society  of  Lo^^)ON. 

Journal  Asiatique,  Tome  XIV,  No.  54  : — The  Asiatic  Socibty 
OF  P^uiis. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society,  Vol.  XXVI,  No. 
101  : — Tiie  Geological  Society  of  Loxdoij. 

Bulletin  do  la  Societe  de  GeograpMe,  1870,    Fevrier  : — ^Tub 

GEOGRAPinOAL  SoCIETY  OF  PaRIS. 

Memoirs  read  before  tlie  Anthropological  Sooiely  of  London, 
Vol.  m  : — The  Anthropological  Society. 

Anthropological  Eeview,  No.  27  : — The  same. 

lieports  of  the  Agri-Horticultural  Society  of  the  Fanjab,  1869  ; 
— Tiie  Agri-Horticultural  Society  of  the  Panjab. 

On  the  Excavation  of  a  large  raised  Stone  circle  or  Barrow  near  the 
village  of  Wurreegaon,  near  Kamptee,  by  Major  G.  G.  Feorse  : — 
The  Author. 

On  Turtle  and  Fish-oils,  by  F.  Day,  F.  L.  S.,  F.  Z.  S  :— The 
Author. 

Mabda-i-'Uliim,  translated  into  English,  by  'Azimuddin  Ah- 
mad : — Maulavi  Sayyed  Karamat  Ali'. 

Mdkhaz-i-'Uliini,  translated  into  English,  by  'Obaidullah  : — Thb 

SAME. 

Mabda-i-*Ulum,  in  Urdii,  by  Maulavi  KarAmat  *Ali :— Thk 
Author. 

Calcutta  Journal  of  Medicine,   Nos.  11  and  12  : — The  Editor. 

Ueber  die  Sprache  Jacob  Grimms,  von  Karl  Gustav  Andresen  : — 
W.  Stokes,  Esq. 

Der  Ur sprung  der  Sprache,  von  L.  Geiger  : — The  same. 

Transactions  of  the  Eoyal  Lrish  Academy,   Vol.  XXI : — ^Ihs 

SAME. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  149 

First  Annual  Eeport  of  the  Sanitary  Commissioner  for  Bengal, 
for  1868  : — The  Government  of  Bengal. 

Progress  Report  of  Forest  Administration  in  the  Province  of 
Oudh  for  1868-69  :— The  same. 

Progress  Eeport  of  Forest  Administration  in  British  Burma  for 
1867-68  :— The  same. 

Progress  Report  of  Forest  Administration  in  Bengal  for  1867- 
68  : — The  same. 

Report  on  the  Land  Revenue  Administration  of  the  Lower  Pro- 
vinces for  1868-69  : — The  same. 

Table  shewing  the  mean-monthly  variations  of  the  Barometer  in 
the  Surveyor  General's  Office  from  1855 — 1869  :— Ba'bu  Gopinatha 
Sena. 

Purchase. 

Die  Siid-Afrikanischen  Mollusken,  von  Prof.  Dr.  Ferd.  Krauss  : — 
Calcutta  Review,  April  1870  : — Revue  Archeologique,  F6v.  1870  : 
— Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  No.  27  : — ^The  L.  E. 
and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine,  No.  260 : — ^Revue  Lin- 
guistique,  Jan.  1870  :— Ibis,  No.  21  :— The  Quarterly  Journal  of 
Science,  January,  1870  : — Oomptes  Rondus,  Nos.  6  and  7  : — ^Alpha- 
betical list  of  Sanscrit  MSS.  in  the  Lidia  Office  Library,  London. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  TUB 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

POB  June,  1870, 


The  monthly  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday,  the 
l«t  instant,  at  9  o'clock  p.  m. 
The  Hon'ble  J.  B.  Ph e ar.  President,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  xjonfirmed. 
Presentations  were  announced — 

1.  From  B§bu  Chandrasikhara  Banerji,  Dexmty 
IMagistrate,  Jfijpdr, — a  rectangular  piece  of  gai'netiferous  gneiss 
with  the  Buddhist  formula  **Ye  Dhamma  hetu  &c.,  Ac,  &c.," 
found  in  the  Alti  Hills. 

2.  From  M.  L.  F  e  r  r  a  r,  Esq.,  C.  S. — a  packet  of  copper  coins 
wiuch,  Mr.  F  e  r  r  a  r  writes,  had  been  dug  u])  neai*  Partdbgarh  on 
the  ancient  site  of  a  fort,  said  to  have  belonged  to  the  Bhurs  who 
held  the  country  before  the  R6jputs  took  it. 

Mr.  Blochmann  said  — 

The  coins  which  Mr.  F  e  r  r  a  r  has  presented  to  the  Society,  are  all 
Muhammadan  copper^  coins.  One  belongs  to  Jalfiluddin  Firuz 
i  Khilji,  one  to  Muhammad  Sh^h  Tughluq,  two  to  Ibrdhim  Sh6h 
Sultdn  of  Jaunpur,  and  three  to  Sikandar  Sh&h  ibn  i  Buhh'd  Lodhf. 
The  others  I  cannot  make  out.  Copper  coins  of  IbrAhim  Shdh  of 
P'aunpur  and  of  Sikandar  Sh4h  occur  in  prodigious  quantities  in 
Audh.  The  Sikandar  Shdh  of  917  A.  H.  sent  by  Mr.  F  err  ar,  is 
of  some  interest,  because  the  beginning  of  the  legend  is  very  dis- 
tinct, and  corrects  the  reading  proposed  by  Marsden  (II,  p.  546). 

He    reads    c^lkLJl    Jjl^    ^^    »l^  j»3i^   u'^^^^ jy^\y    hut 

Mr.  Ferrar's  coin  clearly  gives  i^^^AjJb  JSjS^\,  for  the  almost 
meaningless  jy^\. 

But  I  have  not  seen  a  single  specimen  of  Sikandar  Sh&h's  coins^ 
which  contains  the  name  of  the  Egyptian  Khulifuh. 


152  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [June, 

Among  his  notes  on  Jaunpur  coins,  Marsden  (p.  557)  mentions  as 
a  peculiarity  the  occurrence  of  the  term  SSI^jo  *  dominatio,^  and  that 
*  the  word  ^yUxL»  takes  the  form  of  an  adjective,' 

But  ^UxU*  is  an  abstract  noun,  and  is  used  as  a  title  instead  of 
o\JaL»j  just  as  on  every  page  of  the  Akbarn&mah  or  Badion!  we 
find  ^JUiW^,  f^^^*"^,  &c.,  for  e;LjJU^,  and  »UU^. 

3.  From  Bdbu  Gopinfitha  Sen  a — a  table  shewing  the 
mean  monthly  and  mean  hourly  variations  of  humidity,  as  deter- 
mined at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office  Observatory. 

4.  From  Col.  G.  B.Malleson,  Mysore — a  lithographed  copy 
of  Ashtanga  Hridaya. 

The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
meeting  were  balloted  for  and  elected  Ordinary  Members  : — 

B^bu  Vrinddvana  Chandra  Manual  a. 

W.  W.  H  u  n  t  e  r,  Esq.,   LL.  D. 

Sir  Richard  Couch. 

H&ja  Amfr  Hasan,  Kh&n,  Bah&^ur. 

The  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  July 
meeting  : — 

E.  Lethbridge,  Esq.,  M.  A.  Professor,  Hugh'  College,  proposed 
by  Mr.   Allardyce,  seconded  by  Mr.  Blochmann. 

A.  E.  M  i  1 1  e  r,  Esq.,  proposed  by  V.  Ball,  Esq.,  seconded 
by  the  Hon'ble  J.  B.  P  h  e ar. 

The  following  gentleman  have  intimated  their  desire  to  withdraw 
from  the  Society  ;— A.  H.  P  i  r  i  e,  Esq. ;  W.  8  m  i  t  h,  Esq.,  C.  E. ; 
R.  V.  S  t  o  n  e  y,  Esq. ;  R.  A.  G  u  b  b  o  y,  Esq. ;  Dr.  J.  F a  w  cu  s. 

The  following  letters  have  been  received : 

— From  His  Royal  Highness,  Prince  Alfred,  Duke  of  Edin- 
burgh, thanking  the  Society  for  the  honor  they  have  done  him  by 
electing  him  an  Ordinary  Member  of  the  Society,  and  expressing 
his  desire  to  become  a  Life  member  of  the  Society,  in  conformity 
with  Rule  14  of  the  Bye-Laws. 

— From  the  Government  of  Lidia,  Correspondence  regarding  the 
silver  pieces  and  copper  utensils  found  near  Gungeria,  an  account  of 
which  was  printed  in. the  Proceedings  for  last  month. 


1870.] 


Proc6tdmg»  of  ih  Atiaiic  Sotneif. 


153 


— From  the  Goveniment  of  Indiai  Coirespoudence*  on  certiiin 
excavations  of  cairn*  aud  stoue  cintlos  at  Khairwarali  in  the 
Wurdah  Dietriot, 


The  following  paiH.^rM  wm^  ri'Jid  ; — 

I. —  Oitsermfi"f''i  '//>  fh^  Andamamsif^  by  Surgeon  F  a  a  n  c  i  3   1>  a  Y, 
F.  L.  S.  and  F.  Z.  8. 

[Becejvod  2nd  Miwnoh,  rofcd  Ifib  Jtrno,  1870,] 
Tho  inhahitanta  of  the  Andaman  islands  have  for  many  years 
been  looked  upon  with  great  curiosity  by  Ethnologists^  by  mari« 
nore,  and  by  the  Indian  Government,  in  consequence  of  their  vici- 
nity to  onr  convict  settlement  of  Port  Blair.  Exaggerated  accounts 
have  been  given  of  their  appearance  ;  they  have  been  regarded  aa 
cannibals  ;  pieces  of  Hint,  now  used  for  shaving  or  tattooing,  have 
been  described  aa  arrow-heads  for  shooting  fish ;  in  fact  their  show- 
ing themselves  on  the  shore  has  given  rise  to  as  much  awe  as  that 
of  large  wild  carnivorous  animals  bent  on  mischief.  Merchant  ves- 
flfils  generally  kept  many  miles  to  the  Eajst  of  Barren  ialaiidj  in 
order  to  avoid  contact  with  the  abtjriginee. 

Having  been  lately  directed  to  proceed  to  the  Andamans  for  tho 
purpose  of  making  certain  investigations  respecting  the  fisheries^ 
I  took  thw  opportunity  of  obtaining  as  much  information  as  I  could 
respecting  the  aborigines.  In  my  enquiries  I  was  warmly  seconded 
by  Mr.  H  o  m  f  r  a  y§  the  energetic  olHcer  who,  (amongst  his  other 
duties,)  htis  charge  of  these  people  and  their  *' Homes/*  mid  who 
alone,  amongst  tbe  foreign  races,  hai*  mastered  tlieir  language*  I 
also  carefully  went  through  Mr.  Ho  m  fray's  monthly  reports. 
Oonsequoutly  a  large  amount  of  the  information,  contained  in  the 
following,  was   derive«l  from  him,  whilst  ho  accompanied  me  in  my 

*  TUe  puhlioAtlou  of  this  Corres[>oudeuce  haa  been  pualpumjcl  outil  mora 
exteusivu  inlbnuatiou  can  \j*i  obtiviuLHl. 

t  It  i»  tjtuteil  at  tho  Atidamuiis,  that  mauj  skulls  of  couvicta  havo  been  sent 
ftway  cia  those  of  ttio  libonginea,  whiUt  a  U\m&  mfmk^yjtccvivcd  ft<^Tt\  hidia 
And  ipven  Ui  ll»e  crow  of  u  pckSHinR-  tnaii-of-vrnrj  hf«  lutolj  received  u  new 
BpeoiHu  immu  in  Loudon  mm  beiog  n   ~  '         iL^lauda  ! 

X  Macii  of  ttiiij  iDruniiiitiua  U  c>  r  on  tbe  (IsbeHea  uf  tbe 

AnduTTitvti  islniidfl.  I  bHre,  bowuvLu  -n^^iv  i^.  up  lujio  lu  detail,  tki  the  former 
ia  not  araitublti  for  tho  geoor^l  render, 

§  Known  to  tbe  AiiduiuuutMti  as  Mtjo'jitlaht  "  maBter  of  maBioiB**' 


lol  Proceed  htg^  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [JukK, 

wanderings  with  tlio  Andanianose  around  tho  various  stations,  look- 
ing out  for  tho  best  fishing-grounds.  These  people  worked  with 
ufl  in  tho  jungles  amongst  the  small  streams,  they  speared  fish  in  tho 
harbours,  shot  thorn  with  bows  and  arrows,  or  captured  thorn  with 
their  hands,  or  by  means  of  small  nets  in  tho  sea,  and  elsewhere  they 
collected  shells,  crabs  and  reptiles,  and  in  fact  appeared  desirous  of 
doing  what  over  thoy  i\*ere  able. 

I  do  not  propose  in  this  pai)er  entering  into  any  specidations  re- 
specting the  origin  of  tlioso  people,*  but  to  confine  my  remarks  to 
their  prosent  appearance,  manners,  customs,  language,  amusemeiits 
and  methods  of  i>roviding  themselves  with  food. 

Those  now  living  on  the  island  are  estimated  to  be  about  1000  in 
number,  but  this  must  be  a  guess,  as  no  means  are  available  by 
which  such  could  bo  voritiod  or  refuted.  Around  the  settlement, 
there  are  better  means  of  estimating  their  strength,  and  tliere  they 
appear  to  be  about  400,  divided  int^  tribes,  rarely  above  30  strong, 
for  when  thoy  are  more,  tliey  quarrel.  Tho  country  is  partitioned 
amongst  them,  and  one  tril)e  does  not  interfere  in  the  territory  of 
anothtn',  in  fact  such  used  to  cause  war  between  them.  Tribes  &x. 
upon  a  spot  for  a  dei)6t,  here  tho  sick  are  tended,  and  any  extra 
supplies,  thoy  may  have,  are  hoarded.  On  two  tribes  meeting,  the 
great  sign  of  friendsliip  is  the  prosenoe  of  women,  for  when  hostili- 
ty is  intruded,  tho  weaker  sex  are  sent  to  a  place  of  safety. 

Their  huts,  if  thoy  deserve  tho  name,  are  merely  palm  tree 
leaves  most  loosely  put  together  ;  tliey  try  and  get  shelter  under 
any  overhanging  trees  or  rocks.  Bones  of  animals  or  fish  wliich  have 
been  eaten,  shells,  &c.  &c.  are  all  tlu'own  into  one  heap  close  by, 
the  smell  of  wldch  is  very  offensive.  When  they  can  no  longer 
bear  it,  thoy  move  on,  returning  when  tliey  imagine  disagreeable 
odours  have*  disappeared. 

Tliose  people,  when  guests  of  Europeans,  or  expecting  presents, 
have   moderately  good  tempers,  but  a  very  slight  offence  rouses 

*  Some  may  be  of  African  orit,'in  or  mixed  African  descent,  their  woolly  hair 
and  other  si^^na  apparently  afford  sac)i  a  solution,  but  aomo  a^ain  have  entire- 
ly smooth  hair,  and  bur.  few  very  thick  blubber  lips  or  tho  Hottentot's  prcgeot- 
ing  jaws.  Sliipwreckod  sailors  liuve  generally  been  killed  by  tho  arrows  and 
spears  of  the  Andamancsc,  or  else  the  last  few  survivors  have  been  kept  as 
slaves  ^nd  thus  assisted  in  continuing  this  mixed  race. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  th^  Asiatic  Society,  155 

them.  When  in  their  jungles  they  are  said  to  be  very  irritable. 
One  evening  after  we  had  returned  from  fishing,  the  aborigines 
retired  to  the  **  Home"  at  Port  Mouat,  when  a  lad  of  about  8  years 
ordered  a  girl,  much  older  than  himself,  to  go  and  bring  him  some 
drinking  water ;  as  she  did  not  move  at  once,  he  shot  an  arrow  at 
her  which  took  efifect  just  above  the  eyebrow.  Another  day  one 
small  boy  with  a  knife  cut  to  pieces  a  girl's  basket  for  some  equally 
cogent  reason. 

Quarrels  in  the  **  Homes"  are  of  frequent  occurrence,  but  the 
riotous  ones  mostly  listen  to  the  words  of  the  elders,  and  become 
quiet.  If,  however,  one  of  them  refuses  to  be  appeased,  the  other 
sits  quite  still,  and  does  not  answer  liim,  and  this  mostly  ends  in 
an  arrow  being  shot  near,  rarely  liitting  him  ;  subsequently  all  is 
over.  They  do  not  appear  to  be  vindictive  amongst  themselves. 
In  November  1864  the  North  and  South  point  tribes,  having  had  a 
misunderstanding,  were  induced  to  meet  and  a  pig  was  given  them 
for  a  feast.  However  they  again  fell  out,  and  the  knife  which  had 
been  supplied  to  kill  their  food,  was  em^^loyed  by  one  of  the  South 
tribe  to  threaten  the  life  of  one  of  the  North,  and  all  ended  in  a 
terrible  row.  It  was  some  time  before  order  was  restored,  wlion 
they  embraced  and  howled  for  a  quarter  of  an  liour. 

One  of  the  last  great  quarrels  with  the  convicts  occurred  in  June 
1864,  and  was  occasioned  by  a  murder  committed  in  the  following 
manner.  On  the  morning  of  the  murder,  the  aborigines  entered  the 
north  outpost  in  some  numbers,  carrying  with  them  their  bows  and 
arrows,  and  begged  for  food,  but  did  not  obtain  what  they  consi- 
dered sufficient.  They  asked  for  more,  which  was  refused,  and 
being  irritated,  they  sought  their  oppoi'tunity,  and  while  the  Tolidar 
GirbarSing  was  off  his  guard,  J  a  c  k  o,  the  chief  of  the  North 
tribe  and  Moriarty,  chief  of  the  South  tribe,  fired  at  him  with 
tlieir  arrows  from  a  few  yards  distance,  and  with  fatal  effect. 
Girbar  Sing  was  the  man  whose  duty  it  was  to  punish  them,  a 
class  of  persons  not  generally  looked  upon  favoui*ably. 

Amongst  themselves  they  usually  give  up  anytliing  another  may 
wish  for,  so  shoidd  they  desire  to  retain  an  article,  they  secrete  it.* 

*  A  walk  with  them  through  a  bazaar  is  no  sinecure,  they  want  everything 
they  see,  think  it  very  hard  not  to  get  what  they  ask  for,   and   steal   wtiatever 


156 


PmctedmgB  of  th  Ajtiahc  Socift^. 


[jii 


Should  an  European  they  know  be  at  his  meala,  and  they  are  allow- 
ed to  cx>me  inside  tho  roam,  he  haa  but  little  chance  of  ooncJuding 
in  peace.     Thoy  mount  the  chairs,  get  on  to  the  table,  look  at,  and 
often  touch   everything.     One  wiU    say  to  an<)ther,  that  pieee  is, 
miiie,  and  so  on,  in  fact  they   apportion  out  evurythiug  amongst  I 
themselves,  and  watch  with  much  interest  all  that  is  eaten.     If  he 
does  not  soon  cease,  remarks  become  more  severe.     *'  What  a  greedy j 
man  he  is!"     **  He  will  eat  everything,  leaving  us   nothing,"  and! 
80  on.     If  he  drinks  any  liquor,  they  consider  most  of  the  **  grog*' 
as  they  term  it,  should  be  tlieirs  * 

Their  language  is  very  deficient  in  words,  and  the  different  taibea 
have  distinct  dinleets.  80  much  is  this  the  case,  that  the  inhabitants  | 
of  the  Little  Andamans  are  unable  to  understand  those  of  the  Southi 
Andamans.     Now  many  English  and  Hindustani   words  are  begiji» 
ning  to  be  incorporated  with  their  language.  As  for  numerals,  thoyi 
are  entirely  absent,   a  necessity  for  them  has  not  as  yet  been  per- 1 
ceived  by  those  people,  so  when  they  talk  of  having   taken  quanti- ' 
ties  or  numbers  of  anything,  it  is  impossible  to   have  any    idea  of 
their  meaning,  and  what  still  more  increases  this   difilculty  is, 
in  framing   an  answer,  they  often  do  so  from  the  question,  almos^l 
repeating  the  same  words.     This  has  perhaps   led   to   their   bein|^ J 
considered  more  untruthful  tlian  they  really  are.    Thus  being  asked,  I 
if  it  is  true   that  a   wreck  has  occurred,  they  will  i>robably  say  itl 
haa,  and  perhaps  it  has,  at  some  period  long  past. 

They  divide  the  day  into  three  portions,  sunrise,  midday,  sunBet J 
recognising  no  subdivisions.  In  like  manner,  the  yeai*  with  them  ha 
three  seasons  :  ^rtit^  the  dry,  m-ra-hudiltn,  or  Northern  sun,  a  period' 
which  extends  from  Februaiy  to  May ;  sffcondly^  tlie  rainy  gm-tno-lin^ 
being  from  Juno  until  September:  and  tkirdl^^  the  moderate  season,^ 
Fa-pa -i in f  lasting  from  October  to  January. 

they   can  \aj   their   batidd  apoti.     Sf>croting   orttclea   ib  not  looked  apoa  im  a 
wroriK  dc^d,  but  afl  deveruess  by  thcao  people* 

•  Being  a8ke<l  000  day  how  the  owner  of  tho  dinner  wab  to  Uvo,  If  tbey  de- 
prived him  of  what  was  Jiis  food,  they  woro  very  ready  with  an  auawor^ 
obtM?rvniig,  If  we  poor  pooplo  want  fish  wo  must  catfih  it,  if  we  require  piga  wo 
nmst  idll  tham,  if  we  wi!*h  for  a  hot  wo  mnat  briild  it,  bat  it  ia  not  so  with  yoa* 
You  never  built  the  house  you  live  in,  you  did  not  make  the  furniture,  grow  , 
your  riee,  catch  your  fiah,  kill  your  muttoa  or  even  cook  your  food.  You  ct*ll  to 
a5iiio  one  to  bring  you  what  yon  waut  and  it  oomed,  ao  if  wo  «at  all  this,  you 
^buve  o&ly  to  call  for  more.  They  Ihua  Uniaht^  the  ar^amoiat,  i^d  almost  (tf  ^ 
ridlj  oongumed  all  the  food. 


1870.]  Proceedinga  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  157 

They  are  by  no  means  deficient  in  acuteness,  and  appear  to  have 
good  memories,  thus  they  soon  discovered  that  they  were  called  by 
the  newcomers  by  names  anything  but  complimentary,  and  as 
every  race  has  such  epithets  at  their  disposal,  which  they  freely 
employ,  the  Andamanese  (who  like  a  joke)  recognise  each  race 
by  the  several  terms  of  abuse  which  were  used  in  addressing 
them. 

On  first  seeing  writing  employed,  they  laughed  at  it,  protesting 
the  impossibility  of  making  out  what  had  been  committed  to  paper, 
and  now  they  look  upon  it  with  great  curiosity. 

Crying  signifies  with  them  reconciliation  with  enemies,  or  joy  at 
meeting  old  friends  or  acquaintances  from  whom  they  have  been 
long  parted.  When  two  tribes  meet,  the  newcomers  have  to  com- 
mence, and  the  women  have  the  priority  in  weeping ;  subsequently 
the  men  take  it  up ;  whilst  it  becomes  the  duty  of  the  hosts  to  re- 
ciprocate in  the  same  manner,  first  the  females  weeping,  and  after- 
wards the  males.  Occasionally,  the  performance  cannot  be  com- 
pleted in  one  night,  especially  should  the  parties  have  been  long 
separated,  it  may  even  be  continued  through  several  successive 
days.  After  the  crying  has  been  completed,  dancing  begins  ;  tliat 
of  the  women,  a  few  years  since,  differed  from  that  of  the  men,  they 
having  to  clap  their  hands,  &c.,  sing  to  the  music  of  the  stamping 
of  the  men's  feet.  Their  songs  are  the  recital  of  events  which 
have  taken  place  since  their  last  separation.  The  conclusion  of 
the  performance  is  for  both  parties  to  join  in  a  grand  dance. 
Now,  however,  the  men  and  women  occasionally  dance  together. 
Females  who  intend  dancing,  have  the  modesty  to  employ  a  few 
extra  leaves,  and  they  relieve  the  men  in  striking  the  sounding 
board  with  their  feet.  Should  it  be  the  intention  to  dance  all  night, 
an  extra  coating  of  paint  is  put  on,  which  is  said  to  act  as  a  pre- 
ventive against  exposure.  It  is  very  evident  that  dancing  is  a 
favourite  amusement.  Having  occasion  one  day  (as  we  were  starting 
upon  a  fishing  excursion)  to  go  inside  one  of  the  convict  barracks 
at  Port  Mouat,  the  Andamanese  set  to  work  to  dance  with  groat 
vigour  on  the  boarded  floor,  and  it  was  witli  the  greatest  difficulty 
that  we  coidd  induce  them  to  desist. 

They  do  not  appear  to  have  many  amusements.  Staring  at  them- 


15H  PrormlingH  of  the  Aaiatk  Socifitf,  [JuxK, 

ftjolvos  in  a  looking-jjlass  is  a  gi'eat  attractiou.  Haviug  held  a 
watrli  to  tho  ear  of  oiio  at  Port  Moiiat,  the  next  day  every  body  of 
ih^  tribe  came  to  list  on  to  the  ti(<king,  with  which  they  seemed  as 
delighted  as  cliildren.  TJie  day  I  an-ived  at  Viper,  tliey  saw  a  kite 
for  the  first  time,  and  were  excessively  pleased  at  flying  it,  doubt- 
less once  having  seen  it,  they  will  now  manufacture  them  themselves. 
Excellent  as  is  their  aim  in  throwing  stones,  some  one  last  year 
showed  them  how  to  connect  two  stones  together  by  a  piece 
of  string,  and  to  throw  them  up,  so  that  they  catc^h  in  the  branches 
of  a  tree  at  a  great  lieight  from  the  groimd. 

Although  clothes  s(^arcoly  form  part  of  their  attire,  they  always 
beg  pieces  of  cloth,  and  it  is  curious  to  see  how  they  mimic  those 
who  ccmsidor  garments  a  necessity.  Their  laziness  is  probably  not 
to  ])e  surpassed  ;  sooner  than  get  a  bamboo  to  knock  down  fruit,  they 
will  cut  down  i\i^.  tree  or  its  branches.  They  seem  to  tliink  the  con- 
victs are  an  infeiior  race,  and  should  work  for  their  benefit. 

In  mentioning  the  clothing  of  these  i)eoj)le,  perhai)8  an  incorrect 
term  is  (^mi>loyed,  for  the  males  are  essentially  destitute  of  it. 
Paint  forms  tlnnr  clothing,  its  mode  of  application  shows  whether 
it  is  put  on  for  simple  ornament,  with  the  intention  of  joining  in 
the  dani^e,  to  prevent  sickness,  drive  away  disease,  or  is  a  sign  of 
mourning.  Soiii(;limes,  liowever,  a  few  fibres  are  fantastically  worn 
around  the  forehead,  neck,  waist,  or  below  the  knee,  in  the  form  of 
a  garter,  but  all  oilier  clothing  they  consider  immaterial.  They  be- 
lieve themselves  to  be  decent,  and  laugh  at  other  people's  ideas  of 
proja-icty ;  still  when  landing  at  Ross,  they  used  not  to  object,  as 
a  favour  to  the  residents,  to  wearing  trousers  for  the  occasion,  and 
these  were  kept  ready  for  tliem  at  the  landing-place,  being  retum- 
e<l  on  tlieir  re-embarking  in  tlieir  canoes. 

The  women,  however,  liave  some  slight  show  of  decency,  for  they 
twist  up  fibres  into  the  form  of  thin  ropes,  which  they  cover  with 
cloth  and  wear  round  their  waists,  wliilst  dependent  behind,  (also 
sometimes  in  front)  are  about  a  dozen  tails  hanging  half  way  down 
to  the  knees,  anteriorly  two  or  three  leaves  fresh  gathered  from  the 
jungle,  comph.'tos  their  essential  costume.  As  ornaments,  tliey  wear 
a  string  of  tlieir  ancestors'  bones  around  their  nocks,  or  a  skull  is 
slung   in   a   luisket  over  their  backs,  or  a  bolt  on  their  shoulders, 


8170.] 


Prouedin^^  of  ihs  A%iatie  Soci'e 


159 


Bhould  thoy  have  a  baby  to  carry.  Destitute  of  clotUiag  themselves, 
these  savages  pity  foreigners  going  through  their  jungles,  eapocially 
in  the  rains. 

Painting  or  adorning  the  body  m  done  with  red  or  oUvo-coloured 
earth,  and  this  is  the  business  of  the  females.  Fi>r  the  former,  iron 
is  collected  from  a  mineral  spring,  burnt  red*  and  mixed  with  fat, 
and  this  is  used  as  an  ornament  or  charm.  I  had  an  opportuaity 
of  seeing  one  of  these  springs,  and  the  aborigines  were  excessively 
jealous,  lest  I  should  help  myself  to  any  of  the  exuding  iron,  as 
they  required  it  all  for  themsolves.  They  collected  it  int^>  leaves, 
binding  it  up  into  parcels  with  fibres,  Olivo-coloured  mud  is 
likewise  a  decoration,  when  painted  in  an  ornamental  manner,  but 
if  the  body,  head  and  forehead  are  daubed  over  with  it,  and  the 
head  plastered  with  mud,  it  is  a  symbol  of  mourning. 

All  the  adults  have  their  bodies  tattooed,  whicli  opei^ation  is  com- 
menced from  an  early  age,  and  until  it  is  completed,  they  are  not 
considered  eligible  for  marriage.  As  soon  as  they  begin  to  swim, 
which  is  at  about  8,  tattooing  begins.  Formerly  it  used  to  be 
done  twice  a  year,  the  uistrumont  employed  being  a  piece  of  sharp- 
ened flint  bound  to  a  stick  ;  but  now  a  smaller  portion  of  the  body 
is  operated  upon  once  a  fortniglit^  and  this  goes  on  until  the  indi- 
vidual is  adult.  The  present  instrument  is  a  bit  of  a  broken  bottle, 
inserted  into  the  split  extremity  of  a  stiek,  for  they  drefi^l  a  knife, 
A  considerable  amount  of  blood  is  lost  in  these  operations,  wlueh 
are  performed  by  making  an  incision  nearly  one-third  of  an  inch 
long  und  going  to  some  depth.  They  do  not  form  figures  as  is  done 
by  the  Burmese* 

Having  an  objection  to  hair,  they  shave  all  off,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  one  narrow  strip  from  the  crown  to  the  nape,  which,  how- 
ever^ is  kept  cut  close.  They  rarely  have  eyebrows,  beard,  moustache 
or  whiskers,    and   iifiually   but  few  eyelashes.     Formerly  shaving 

*  Dr.  WaI  die  having  been  good  enongh   to  analyse  their  red  preparulion, 
reporta  it  to  be  as  foUowB : — 

Peroxide  of  iron,      ...  ...  ...  ...  .♦.       42*7 

QtiartsE  in  small  fragments   and   very   b'ttle  of  any    oth<9r 

rocky  or  earthy  matter,      .,.  „  ...  ...       56*4 

Water  expelled  by  ignitloy,    ,..  ,..  ...  -*^  '9 


1000 


y^rSf 


Umt4^  m^H 


Wrts  dono  every  »ix  montli^,  by  ohl  woraerj,  with  pt^r^os  of  sharp  on  t?4 
flint,  but  now  every  fortnight  by  means  of  bita  of  broken  glus*  bat 
ties.  This  cuatom  is  evidently  a  sanitary  one,  as  the  jiingb?  is 
fidl  of  insecte,  that  it  woidd  be  impossible  to  keep  the  bail*  fre 
from  vermin. 

They  marry  as  8oon  as  they  ai*e  able  to  support  a  wife,  and  I 
derstood  that  the  role  was,  only  to  bave  one.  The  youtiifUl  swain  e 
.a  peculiar  kind  of  ray  fish  teiTaed  Gooni-dah^  whioh  gives  luwi 
title  to  the  appellation  of  Goo-mo^  sigriiliying  **  a  baf  liohjr  desirou 
of  maiTying."  Girla,  arriiang  at  a  marriageablo  age,  wear  cer 
flowers,  to  diKting^iiiBli  themselves  by.  Before  nuirrying,  you 
men  take  a  spcxies  of  oath,  uftor  wlu«'h  they  ^^it  V017'  still  for  seve 
&1  days,  scarcely  taking  any  fond.  Those  who  have  been  pig  hu 
ters  retrain  for  one  year,  comiueiiciug  in  April,  from  eating  porh 
using  turtle,  ti^rtoise  or  iish  instnud,  but  they  do  not  cease  huntlnl 
pigs,  as  they  are  ueeessary  for  the  food  of  the  irib*i.  The  ttirti 
hunters  in  like  mamier  use  purk  duxing  thisprobationaiy  year, 
during  this  period  honey  must  not  be  tut*ted.  Tliib  is  apparent^ 
done  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  the  indivkiual  is  al 
to  ihupport  a  family* 

The  marriage  ceremimy  is  simple,  a  raau  abcjiit  16  or  18  is  enl 
gagod  to  a  girl  of  13  or  15  belonging  to  a  dill'erent  family,  with  tin 
consent  of  the  girPs  guardian^  who  is  generally  tlie  cluef  of  tba 
tribe,  On  the  marriage  day,  they  are  seateil  apart  ii*ora  the  otjie 
and  pass  their  t*mie  in  staring  at  one  auother.  As  the  8liiid*-^s 
the  evening  sat  in,  the  giil's  guardian  advances^  and  taking  the 
hands  of  the  pair  joins  tliem  together ;  they  thou  retire  into  the  jun- 
gles, where  they  pass  their  honey *moon.  On  the  Viridegrooui's  ret 
to  the  tribe  with  hia  bride  Jeedgo^  ci'^dng  and  dancting  are  kept  u] 
with  great  spirit-  Subsequent  to  marriage,  they  are  not  so  usofii] 
as  previously  for  the  general  welfai'e  of  tko  community,  the  marrie 
woman,  termed  Chumah^  has  now  to  erect  her  huaband*8  hut  aa^ 
attend  to  his  requirements,  eoaaequoutly  ahe  is  not  ordered  aljoa 
by  the  (?hief. 

The  wife  has  to  perform  all  the  homo  dntiea,  prt>viding  shelter^ 
mats  fur  lying  upon,  cooking  tlia  food,   procuring  water  and  abell 
fish,  carrying  loads  when  changing  from   place   to  place,   shaTing 


1870.] 


PmctidingA  of  the  Afinihr  r^adi 


161 


and  ptiintinjL?  her  UueliauJ,  as  well  as  utti*xitliiig  him  when  bit'lc. 
The  [mnbaud  ha»  to  protei't  inn  wife,  make  canons  for  fiahiiig,  the 
iinploments  for  bunting  pi{^3  and  turtle  and  spearing  Esh^  whilst  he 
alsn  obtains  fond  whoii  not  provided  hy  the  bachelors  or  fipin^ters. 

WidfiWirra  and  widi>wai  have  no  objection  to  re-marry,  I  saw  one 
woman  who  had  done  so  within  ono  month  of  Uor  husband's  duath, 
but  thin  was  l(K)ked  upon  as  rather  premature. 

When  ehildit>n  are  bom,  the  infant  is  first  bathed  in  t-old  watery 
and  then  warmed  over  a  fire,  on  the  8npp<>5dtitm  tliat  by  boginninj^ 
early  to  etaud  changes  of  temperature,  it  will  be  of  a  hardy  eon- 
#iitution.     They  do  ifbt  appear    to    be   very  sncoessful*  howevt^r,  in 

ariug  their  little  ones.  Men  and  women  seem  etpially  fontl  of 
carrying  the  babies  about;  all  pet  thorn;  when  they  cry  for 
anything,  they  give  it ;  and  over-kindness  early  eom*igna  the  little 
one  to  the  grave.* 

Children  are  named  some  months  before  tkey  are  born,  after 
some  family  or  favourite  coguomen,  cous^oqueiitly  there  in  no  dia* 
tiuetion  between  that  of  the  males  an<l  the  femiles.  Owing  to  their 
vocabulary  of  names  beiug  limited  to  aboat  twenty,  they  have  ta 
prefix  8ome  wonl  to  oaoh,  expressivo  of  sornethiug  iu  the  appearanee 
of  the  individual,  or  tlio  locality  from  whenee  they  eome* 

Amongst  the  numbers  of  Andamnnuse  I  saw,  there  was  only  one 
woman  who  had  as  many  as  three  living  ohildreu,  of  this  she  ap- 
peared to  be  very  proud,  and  I  wa^  iiiformeil,  tliat  no  other  family 
posseased  moi-o  than  two.  From  April  1868,  to  April  186i)»  3H 
d<)&tlis  were  reported,  and  only  1 4  births  amongst  those  families 
whiuh  Feside  near  our  eettlemeat'^*  During  four  years,  only  six  in* 
fants  Irnve  lived,  whose  parents  re&ided  at  the  homes ;  of  monthly 
visitors  oidy  12,  and  of  the  half  y€*arly  ones  some  20. 

The  Andamanese,  at  least  tho^e  who  reside  near  the  settlement, 
ai*e  not  a  long  lived  or  healthy  race  :  but  fuw  appear  to  pass  two 
ecore  years*  They  sutfer  severely  from  fever  and  lung  oomph ua- 
tiona,  and   although  the  jungles   are   their  natural  home,   illness 


L*  Tboso  chiUlfGu  wJiicb  nro  brought  up  in  our  Bcbools,  i4,nd  dotherb  rnpitl)/ 
oumb.  as  mi^-'ht  be  autieipated,  to  the  iion-olothinff   iind   exprwom   ^ydtoiiL, 
witich   thay   booomu   ejcpused   on  rotaruing  to  tlicir  ffttiiiiio%  nud  le^utiung 
their  life  of  fiTedom. 


TW 


Uf^»  6/ 


UmiFSSemy^ 


twsnCm 


atta<:k9  them  in  newly  cleared  pieces  of  lan<l  as  virulontly  as  it  does  i 
the  foreign  races.     The  sun's  rays  and  strong  winds  act  injuriously  * 
upon  them,  in  fact  they  say   a  chief  of  the  evil  spirit  rides  upon 
the  strong  sea  breezes  and  causes  sickness.     The  high  winds  and 
the  rains  in  August  are  oocasion  of  a  good  deal  of  fever  and  bowel  j 
afiWitions. 

They  have  no  remedies  except  their  olive-coloured  mud^  with 
^hich  thoy  plaster  themselves  for  headaches,  and  also  employ  as  \ 
non-conductor  of  heat.  In  1864  one  having  been  wounded  by 
elugs  whilst  pillaging,  the  only  remedy  his  tribe  knew  of  was  \ 
covering  the  spot  with  their  red  or  olive  paint.  Now  they  have 
great  faith  in  quiuiuo,  and  take  it  readily  for  fevers  or  headaches^ 
If  medicines  are  offered  them,  they  invariably  request  the  donor  i 
taste  it  first,  and  subsequently  they  have  no  objeetiou  to  swallow  it,] 

Should  an  adult  die,  he  is  rapidly  buried,  and  the  tribe  uiigratea* 
for  about  a  month,  to  another  locality,  at  least  eight  or  ten  miles  oH 
in  dread  of  the  ghost  of  the  dejmrtod.  A  corpse  is  viewed  with  much 
fear,  wliikt  almost  equal  repugnance  is  shown  whon  going  near  a 
burial*ground,  wliieh  with  them  is  never  on  a  hill  nor  or  an  elevat- 
ed piece  of  the  Liountry,  The  following  inatancea  give  an  ide 
how  their  chiefs  are  buried. 

Jack  o,  chief  of  the  North  tribe,  died  on  July  1st,  1865,  leaving 
two  married  sisters,  whose  husbands*  duty  it  was  to  bury  his  corpse. 
Death  took  place  at  6  a,  m.  and  within  two  hours  his  remains  were 
rolled  up  in  leaves  by  the  oldest  people  of  the  tribe,  and  corded 
with  fibre,  preparatory  to  their  being  consigned  to  the  grave.  The 
latter  was  morc4y  two  feet  deep,  and  merely  a  few  feet  above  high 
water  mark.  Here  the  coq:)se  was  jilaced  in  a  half  sitting  position, 
with  tlie  face  turned  towards  the  rising  sun.  Previous  to  tilling  in 
the  grave,  one  by  one  they  took  their  last  farewell,  and  each  gent* 
ly  blew  upon  hiu  face  and  forehead.  After  the  grave  was  filled  iHj^ 
there  did  not  remain  more  than  six  inches  of  earth  above  the  body, 
but  this  is  deemed  sufficient  to  preclude  tlie  ribs  from  being  broken^ 
whilst  there  are  no  wild  animals  to  exhume  the  corpse.  A  few^j 
atones  were  now  heaped  over  the  grave,  above  these  some  burning 
faggots,  and  mourning  garlands  were  placed  in  conspicuous  placea] 
along  the  shore,  to  mark  a  chiefs  interments     Before  retiring,  a  0U| 


1870,] 


Pr0ceHing9  of  the  Aniaih  Soeidtf, 


ir,.i 


of  water  was  left  at  the  head  of  the  grave,  in  case  the  spirit  of  the 
deceased  should  feel  thirsty  during  the  night. 

Four  mouths  subsequoutly,  the  nearest  of  kin  went  to  the  place 
of  sepulture  and  brought  away  the  lower  jaw,  which  about  that 
time  had  become  divested  of  flesh  j  a  mouth  ofterwai'ds,  tJi©  shoul- 
der bones  and  a  rib  were  extracted,  and  after  six  months  the  skullj 
now  freii^d  from  impui-ities.  This  was  slung  round  the  neck  of 
the  principal  mourner^  and  subsequently  every  one  had  it  in  turn  to 
carry  about. 

The  ceremony  for  the  burial  of  a  chief  is,  however,  generally  some- 
what difi'erout  fi^om  that  descril»ed  for  J  a  o  k  o,  A  stage  is  erected 
soino  twenty  feet  from  the  ground,  and  on  this  tlio  corpse  is  placed. 
The  powerful  spirit  of  the  chief  it  is  hoped  will  be  satisfied,  and  not 
injiu'e  any  one  who  may  incautiously  pass  near,  whilst  a  firo  is  light- 
ed below  this  stage  to  scare  away  any  evil  spbnta  which  may  bo 
lurking  about.  The  extraction  of  the  skull  and  bones,  it  is  consi- 
dered, requires  great  gkiU  and  courage,  whilst  by  keeping  tliem 
carefully,  and  wearing  them  during  pain  and  sickness,  it  is  supposed 
tlie  ghost  of  the  departed  will  be  induced  to  be  fi-iendly  to  tho 
wearer, 

Should  a  stranger  die  amongst  a  foreign  tribe,  his  funeral-rites 
are  entirely  neglected,  the  chief  generally  directs  some  of  the  young 
men  to  carry  away  the  c*oq)8e,  and  throw  it  into  the  jungle  or  into 
the  sea.     The  evil  influences  of  a  stranger*s  spirit  ore  not  dreaded^ 

Should  those  of  other  tribes  go  to  condole  and  sympathise  with 
a  widower,  the  custom  is  to  fell  into  his  arms,  both  embracing 
each  other  and  crying  for  about  ten  miautee,  subsequently  the 
afliictions  are  recited. 

When  I  was  at  Port  Mouat>  the  Jutland  chief  was  in  mourning 
for  his  only  child,  and  was  daubed  all  over  with  olive -coloured  eailh 
(a  process  which  is  repeated  daily),  whilst  a  rather  thick  coating  of 
mud  covered  his  head.  This  mourning  lasts  for  one  month.  Dur- 
ing periods  of  deep  sorrow  thoy  are  very  silent,  entirely  refraining 
from  the  use  of  red  paint  and  other  decorations,  from  taking  mucJi 
food,  even  from  eating  their  favourite  pork,  whilst  honey  must  not 
pass  their  lips,  but  instead  they  have  daily  to  throw  honeycomb^ 
if  obtainable  J  into  the  iire.     As  soon  as  the  period  of  mourning  has 


1G4  Proceed! tiff B  ofifie  Atmitt  Society,  [Jc3fSj1 

expired,  they  wash  off  tlie  olivtj-ooloured  earth,  and  revert  to  their  I 
red  puint. 

Having  no  ties  to  keep  tliera  to  one  place,  the  Andamanese  wan- 
der about  for  food,  or  a«  their  ftuity  dictates.     They  have  scarcely 
a  want,  but  as  luxuries  they  esteem   tobacea,  especially  Cavendish, 
and  **  grog."  They  do  not  care  for  sugar,  but  are  imniaderately  fond 
of  honey,  they  eat  the  mUthJi^h^  are  much  a<ldictod  to  chitons ^  but  j 
despise  raw  oysters.     Fonnerly  they  appear  to  have  consumed  al- 
most anything;  on  wot  days  worms,  caterpillars,  roots,  nuts,   man- 
grove seeds,  sharks,  shell-fish,  &e.,  &c.,  articles  whi*^h  they  now 
generally  refuse.     Amongst  iish,  they  prefer   the  mullet,  ami  ono 
day  having  placed  a  quantity  of  diiforent  species  bufore  them,  they 
helped  themselves  iii  the  following  order,  observing   that   the    tirst 
took  tiie  best,    the   last  got   those    which  were   most    inferior 
Chorinemm,    Piati/etpMus^   UorHe-mad-erel  or    Carathx,  (Jhry$ophrif9  ' 
talnmara^  and  lastly  Tefrodon  or  frog-hsh,  which   hittor   has    goner- 
ally  the  credit  of  being  poisonous.     They  eat  cats,  but  now  sporo  ( 
dogs,  because  they  are  found  to  be  useful. 

Govemmeut  instituted  various  Homes  or  jdaces  of  shelter  for 
these  aborigines,  which  many  of  them  make  their  head  quarters.  It 
is  a  principle  wisely  commenced,  to  induce  thera  to  cease  jdundor- 
ing,  and  whicJi  lias  most  undoubtedly  had  a  very  8uti»factory  ofTect.  i 
But  it  is  a  nustake  to  suppose  tliat  they  subsist  on  the  food  pro- 
vided by  Government,  for  the  whole  allowance  is  only  20 D  rupeee 
montldy  to  cover  all  expenses.  In  the  year  18C8-G9,  the  following 
were  the  earnings  of  the  aborigines:  500  pigs,  150  tm- ties  and 
tortoises,  20  wild  cats,  50  iguanas,  and  (J  dugongs,  irrespectivo  | 
of  Jish.  The  total  number  of  rations  given  was  48,248,  giving  a  daily 
average  of  1 32  xiersons,  indufling  woniun  and"children,  allowing 
each  individual  only  0  pies  daily,  and  showing  an  increase  in  those 
fed  of  I  i,575  raiicms  over  the  previous  year,  but  with  a  decrenso  of 
expenditure  or  Kupc*08  209-3-4,  thuf?  demonstrating  them  to  Imve 
been  more  self- supporting.  Since  the  establishment  of  these  homesi 
a  great  change  has  been  inaugurated,  tlie  convicts  are  left  unmolest- 
ed, implements  of  agriculture  are  not  stolon,  the  lishing  stakes  aro 
li«ft  undisturbed,  the  gardens  are  no  longer  pillaged,  run-away  con- 
victs have  been  re-captnred,  and  shipwrecked  saOors  assisted. 


1870,] 


Proteedinff*  of  the  Anntie  SsacUitf, 


165 


At  tii0  **  Hame,"  the  followiiig  ia  the  manner  in  whicli  thoy  pa&s 
the  day.  At  a  very  early  hour  they  have  somethitig  to  eat,  for 
about  4  A.  M.  their  micovered  bodies  beftmie  cold,  whiuU  necessi- 
tates their  replenishing  their  fires,  and  once  np  eatings  begins. 
When  residing  in  the  same  house,  there  is  no  rest  after  this  early 
hour.  About  7  A.  m.  some  of  the  men  go  out  foraging  according 
to  the  season  :  it  may  be  pig-hunting,  fishing,  or  raptuiing  tortoises 
or  turtloa.  The  young  men  and  boys  assist  in  making,  paddling 
and  steering  canoes.  The  women  in  a  body  go  for  shells,  shell- 
fish, (fruits  and  bulbs,  in  which  they  are  assisted  by  the  girls  ;  wliilst 
the  elderly  people  keep  at  home,  making  baskets,  uei»t  bows  and 
arrows,  attending  the  sick,  &e.  Between  2  and  6  p.  m.  tite  foragers 
return  with  their  spoils,  these  are  as  far  as  possible  eij^ually  divided 
amongst  aU. 

Prior  to  the  advent  of  the  Europeans,  the  Andamanese  lived  en- 
tirely upon  the  products  of  the  waters  and  dI  the  jungles,  never 
tilling  the  soil,  and  storing  up  but  little  for  a  future  day's  supply. 
One  of  the  first  questions  usimlly  asked  respecting  these  people  is, 
**  Are  not  they  cannibals?**  They  repudiate  the  idea,  and  in  return 
wish  to  know  **  why  when  food  abounds  should  they  devour  himian 
beings,*'  a  feast  wliich  they  believe  would  eause  Uieir  death. 

They  ©at  nothing  raw,  not  even  fruit.  In  cooking  meat,  they 
either  throw  it  on  the  embers,  turning  it  over  when  the  under  side 
appears  to  be  done,  or  else  cooking  the  llesh  of  the  tortoise,  tuHle, 
or  pork  in  unbaked  eaiihen  ehattiea,*  Their  appetites  are  large,  for 
they  appeared  to  be  easily  able  to  consume  CJ  D>  rd'  tish  at  one  sitting, 
and  alW  a  very  short  time  had  no  objection  to  begin  again.  A  large 
Pinna  forms  their  plate,  a  NiuUilm  shell  tlieir  ilrinking  oup.  They 
have  no  regidar  periods  for  their  meals  ;  when  they  are  hungry  they 
eatp  no  matter  at  what  time,  whilst  it  is  an  almost  essential  com- 
mencement to  give  them  a  good  meal  before  starting  for  any  exeur- 
sion. 

Their  principal  food  at  the  first  or  north-sun  period  is  honoy, 
4hu t|  and  turtles.  In  the  rainy  seaaon,  they  do  not  wander  about 
Teiy  much,  owing  to  the  difhuulty  of  obtnining  shelter,   then  the 


*  I  hare  bcoii  tUeiri  oouk  a  prawii  bj  plooing  it  iniide   tbd    bavrl   of 
wUicli  thuy  woro  smokiug  ! 


pipe 


ri^ 


168 


LJlTHB, 


> 


jack  soeds  last  them  for  three  months*  In  the  early  part  of  the 
middLo  season  piga  are  common,  bat  whon  becoming  scarce,  fishing 
and  turtle-catehmg  takes  their  place.  In  the  report  for  July,  1865> 
I  obfierre  it  stated  **  they  are  only  now  aware  that  cucumbers, 
potatoes,  and  pumpkins  are  eatable,  aud  they  use  tobacco,  all 
which  a  short  time  ago,  they  used  to  iliug  away/' 

Pigs,  towards  the  month  of  September,  begin  to  rove  about  the 
jungles,  finding  their  way  to  the  coaBta  and  ereeka,  aud  it  is  during 
tliifl  time,  that  many  are  killed.  In  the  year  1865,  they  first  began 
to  use  dogs  for  pig-hunting  which  they  learnt  from  some  run-away 
Burmese  convicts,  previously  they  had  to  lio  in  wait  hours  and  ^H 
sometimes  days,  even  in  the  hopes  of  seeing  one  or  two,  now  thd  ^^ 
dogs  find  them  almost  at  once,  they  are  consequently  held  In  great 
edteom,  and  every  dog  they  see  they  wish  for.  The  Andamanese, 
however,  have  curious  ideas  respecting  pork  as  food,  and  when 
they  are  able  to  choose,  use  it  as  follows*  The  children  and 
weakly  persons  eat  sucklings,  the  bachelors  and  spinsters  use 
those  of  medium  size,  whilst  adults  prefer  the  stronger  boar* 

As  they  capture  their  principal  supply  of  fish  and  turtle  during 
the  low  tides,  and  do  not  dry  or  aalt  any,  it  follows  that  they  have 
abundance  at  that  time  of  the  lunar  month,  whilst  at  the  iut^srvals 
they  are  comparatively  destitute.*  At  the  change  of  the  monsoon 
(October)  they  generally  shift  their  quarters  to  more  healthy  spots. 
On©  of  their  encampments  which  has  been  dwelt  in  for  some  time, 
is  not  a  model  of  cleanlinoas,  whilst  innumerable  tleaa  and  other 
animals  render  going  through  it  anything  but  a  pleasing  occupation. 
Beef  they  consider  too  t^oarse  for  food,  neither  as  a  rtde  will  tboj 
eat  birds.  About  January  the  Busang  shows  itself  in  Port  Mou&i 
Bay,  coming  to  feed  uprtn  a  species  of  soa  weed  which  is 
relished  by  the  turtles. 

In  January  likewise  honey  bec:;omefi  common  and  they  bring  d 
the  honey-comb  with  great  dexterity,  neither  smoking  the  bees 
being  stung  themselves.  A  wOd  shrub  **  Jenedah"  exists  in  the 
jungles,  and  its  juice  appears  to  have  an  intoxicating  efiect  upon 
the  bees.  The  person  who  is  to  ascend  the  tree,  takes  a  piece  la 
his  hand,  and  biting  through  the  bark^  the  pimgent  juioe  exudes 
*  Tlio  tortle  aeitson  with  them  ends  about  the  mouth  of  ApriL 


1 8  70  J 


Froeeedm09  of  the  Aiiatic  SacUiy, 


1G7 


into  his  mouth,  this  is  spat  at  the  bees,  which  are  aaid  (for  I  did 
not  perBonally  witness  it,  though  I  was  fihown  the  shrub,  and 
an  Andamanes©  went  through  the  prouoae,)  to  become  intoxicated, 
or  else  to  fly  away.  Wax  obtained  from  the  honoy-comb  is  luuch 
used  for  their  bow  strings,  likewise  for  bovering  the  fibre  which 
attaches  the  heads  to  arrows,  as  weU  as  for  stopping  leaks  in  their 
canoes. 

One  of  the  most  necessary  pieces  of  property  to  these  people  is  a 
canoe,  a  moderately  sized  one  being  capable  of  accommodating 
about  20  persons,  whilst  it  is  used  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  food 
for  about  30.  It  is  scjooped  out  of  a  tree  by  men,  who  work  with 
a  species  of  adze.  They  take  their  turn  at  this  employment,  during 
which  x^eriod  they  are  supplied  with  food  by  the  others.  When 
oompieted,  their  canoe  is  of  a  very  fi'ugile  cons  true  ti  on,  and  rarely 
lasts  above  one  year,  for  they  are  continually  thinning  its  sides 
by  scooping  out  and  ornamenting  its  interior.  In  faut  when  made, 
no  care  is  token  of  it,  and  its  sides  are  easily  stoved  in.  It  is  bal* 
lasted  by  stones,  and  has  a  prow  projecting  about  two  feet,  on 
which  the  feherman  stjinds*  Tliese  prows  become  especially  useful 
wliiLit  fishing  turtle  and  spearing  skates  and  rays. 

The  bamboo  iK>le  which  is  employed  for  pushing  along  the  oanoe, 
has  a  shaip  moveable  iron  head  at  iU  one  extremity,  and  to  this 
is  attached  a  long  line.  When  the  bamboo  is  thrown,  and  the  spear 
becomes  imVieddud  in  the  prey,  it  slips  away  from  the  bamboo,  but 
being  attached  to  the  line,  the  animal  is  securely  held  by  the 
fisherman.  Their  eyes,  whilst  slowly  and  silently  moving  about, 
are  as  sharp  as  hawks  :  the  spear  is  mostly  thrown  with  a  good  aim, 
and  should  the  fiidi  be  large,  some  of  those  in  the  boat  dive  down, 
attacking  the  victim  with  knives  and  speiirs,  whilst  others  endea- 
vour to  pass  a  line  over  the  gome*  Should  the  water  be  too  deep  to 
pole  about,  one  or  two  men  or  boys  paddle  the  boat,  as  silently  as 
jM>9sible,  the  man  on  the  prow  directing  them  which  way  and  how 
fust  to  go,  by  signs  made  with  his  hurids  or  feet,  but  not  a  word  is 
spoken. 

For  their  small  or  hand  nets,  very  similar  to  a  common  landing 
net  without  the  handle,  they  use  a  fibre  as  a  thread,  which  they 
work  at  very  neatly,  employing  their   fingers   as  a  mash,  and  by 


1(18 


Proe^inp  of  the  AimtU  Smefy, 


[Jtnnd 


changing  frnm  tho  Kttle  to  tlie  index  digit,  they  gradually  aug* 
mont  its  siz©  a^  do^trod.     When  turtles  are  scan;©,  a  hirge   net   isl 
usedt  this  is  altm?hed  to  stakes  whiih  encirclo   the  whole    of  a  reof  J 
to  which  these  animals  resort  for  food.     Just  before  the   tide   com^ 
mences  to  ebh,  they  ^s.    the   net,    thus  penning  in  all  the  turtWl 
which  may  bo  there  at  the  time,  but  which  fight  most   desperately  i 
to  break  out  of  the  enclosure  ;  the  Andamanese  now  use  spears 
to  secure  them,  and  as  a  rule  but  few  escape. 

Tlieir  bows  and  aiTows  are  mostly  employed  for  shooting    fish  iml 
shallow  water,  the  upper  two-tliirds  of  the  arrow  ia  a  light  ree 
the  lower  portion  a  heavier  sort  of  wood   araiod  with   a  piece  olj 
iron,  or  a  sharp  nail.  Major  Haughton  in  1862  observed,  in  the 
Proceedings  of  this  Journal^  upon  the  flint  arrow  heads  having  been 
employed  by  them  for  shooting  fish,  and  some  such  fashioned  pieo 
of  flint  are  still  found  amongst  their  heaps  ;  but  the  aborigines  da 
not  recollect  when  tlip^e  articles  were  so  employodj  they,  however,^ 
remember  their  being  in  use  for  shaving  and  tattooing. 

It  will  not  be  amisR  in  this  place  to  take  a  slight  retrospect  eon-^ 
ceming  the  origin  of  tho  *^  Homes,* '  wliich  are  now  kept  up  for  the 
Andamanese.  Wlien  these  i&landfi  were  taken  re-possession  of  in 
1857^  doubtless  the  aborigines  caused  great  trouble.  Cfonvic 
who  ran  away,  were  killed,  as  were  also  others  who  were  fel 
the  jungles,  for  these  savages  move  about  eo  stealthily,  that  sci 
ly  a  bough  moves,  nor  does  a  leaf  rustle.  They  are  excelle 
trackers  and  thus  ascertain  the  number  of  persons  that  hav 
passed,  and  judge  pretty  accui-ately  how  long  it  is  since  the 
passed. 

They  helped  themselves  to  the  implements  employed  in  fellini 
timber,  they  used  convicts*  leg  irons  for  spears,  and  nails  for  arrov 
heads,  they  had  no  scruple  as  to  ht>w  tliey  were  obtained,  Ooq0€ 
quently  their  vicinity  led  to  insecurity,  to  the  prevention  of  worl 
of  clearance  being  carried  on,  to  garden  cultivation  being  extende 
to  the  prevention  of  bamboos  being  obtained  from  the  jungle 
to  the  plundering  of  the  fisliing-s takes,  and  the  settlement  safiPere 
accordingly. 

At  first  hostages  were  taken  from  the  tribes,  some  of  whom  we 
kept  in  iroA  in  the  convict  settlement,  a  plan  wliich  dooa  not  ap 


Pro€4idingi  cfiht  A9udk  Sacutif, 


169 


I 
I 

I 


pear  to  have  Ciaiised  unqualiBed  satisfaction,  wliilst  on  faults  being 
L'onimitted  the  lash  was  freely  resorted  to.  On  June  12th,  1864, 
three  convicts  at  the  North  outpost,  iu  a  most  unprovoked  manner 
were  ruthlessly  mnrdered,  so  all  hospitality  and  friendship  was 
withdrawn,  they  were  proliibited  entering  our  Htatious^  unless  un- 
armed, and  if  seen  plundering,  the  sentries  were  directed  to  Ere  upon 
them  with  slugs.  In  those  times  the  aborigines  distrusted  us  as 
much  as  the  convicts  feared  them,  and  on  coming  into  the  settlement, 
they  kept  their  arrows  in  tlieir  bows  ready  for  immediate  reoourse 
to,  and  whU^it  some  parleyed,  others  stood  watching  a  few  yards  off, 
ready  for  a  fight,  or  to  secure  a  retax»at. 

Owing  to  the  hostility  of  the  Andamanese,  convicts  had  to  be 
restricted  within  bounds,  no  one  could  venture  into  the  jungles. 
About  the  middle  of  June,  some  of  the  aborigines  visited  IIaddO| 
food  was  given  them,  and  they  were  asked  to  bring  some  bam- 
boos, which  they  promised  to  do,  but  only  brought  a  few  dead  ones* 
They  were  evidently  merely  spies,  for  after  a  day  or  two,  they  enter- 
ed Aberdeen  and  PhoDnix  bay  stations  in  force,  plundered  the  gar- 
deiL<?  and  carried  off  some  eonvi^^ts'  clcjthes.  However,  towards  the 
end  of  the  mQiith,  they  appeared  inclined  to  become  more  fi*ieadly, 
thoy  brought  in  some  escaped  convicts,  whom,  however,  they  first 
plundered,  besides  removing  every  bit  of  ii'on  from  the  boat  in 
which  they  had  oacuped.  On  being  taxed  with,  this,  they  at  first 
pleaded  surprise,  then  said,  they  would  make  restitution,  and  brought 
a  canoe  as  an  exchaDge  for  the  misc^hief  they  had  done  to  the 
Government  boat.  At  first  this  was  not  quite  understood  and  the 
canoe  was  sent  back,  but  they  returned  it  the  next  day,  explaining 
that  tliey  desired  it  to  be  kept  as  a  reimbursement  for  the  injury 
they  had  done  to  the  Goverument  boat,  so  no  longer  considered  the 
canoe  theirs. 

A  Home  was  kept  up  on  Hoss  island,  but  those  who  had  been  en* 
gaged  in  plunder,  were  not  permitted  to  land  there,  thus  Mori  arty, 
who  had  assisted  in  killiiig  the  ToUidar  (already  referred  to),  was 
considered  ineligible,  which  caused  very  great  dissatisfaction.  The 
women  and  children  made  rafts  of  bamboos  and  so  lloat43d  to  Rose, 
or  even  swam  over  on  the  support  of  a  single  bamboo.  In  October 
this  year,  they  again  plundered   Aberdeen  and  its  ndghbourhood, 


170 


H^Oi0$dmffi  of  tJi^  AiiaHc  Soeidy. 


[JVTIif 


and  it  began  to  be  Teiy  evident  that  unless  some  hold  were  obtain*! 
ed  QTer  the  tribes,  all  works  must  C(?ase,     It  was  projiosed  to  isinie 
a  general  atnneRty,   eepecially   as  the  chiefa   wen?  becoming  rery 
irate,  and  without  their  controlling  power  the  tribes  wore  found 
to  be  most  hostile,    plundering  everything  they  could   lay  their  I 
hands  on.     In  the  month  of  Dec^ember  this  ainuesty  was  earriedj 
into   effect,  and  tlien  to  a  great  extent  the  chiefs  began  to  keep  i 
people  in  order.     However  the  aborigines  continued  t*i  bo  very  sus-" 
picious,  imagining  that  in  their  being  treated  at  Boss,    they   were , 
iorte  of  hostages,  and  used  irequently  to  request  to  be  taken  over  ' 
the  mainland,  wn  they  were  not  permitted  to  swim  over,  because  they] 
took  more  property  with  them,  thuu  they  had  a  legal  claim  to.    One  I 
day  the  whole  foi-ty  asked  to  go,  and  finding  no  objection  was  raised,  I 
they  returned  after  a  few  days  on  a  bamboo  raft  and  became  quieiJ 

In  May,  1866,  the  Home  was  removed  to  the  mainland   as   ihoj 
junglees'  presence  was  not   considered  any  longer  to  lie  desirable* 
In  November  of  this  year»  the  murderer  J  i  m  was  released,  tli0| 
tribes  promising  in  future  to  try  and  stop  murders,  and  to  disconti* 
nue  the  use  of  war  bows  and  arrows.     Some  of  them  were  t4ikeu  to  J 
Bee  an  execution,  and  it  waa  explained  to  them,  that  that  was  tfaa 
manner  we  treated  murderers,  aud  tliey  at  once  expressed   their  I 
intention  of  refraining  ^m  murders  in  future.     In  1868*69,  tlieyJ 
apprehended  fourteen  convicts  horn  the  Punjab  and  two  BurmanB] 
who  had  escaped,  and  aUo  brought  in  some  shipwrecked  marinera. 

My  first  interview  with  the  people  was  on  January  9th,   1870,  at  1 
North  bay  where  I   went   with  Mr,  Homfray  to  look  for  them] 
and  induce  their  coming  fishing.     The  sea  was  rather  high,  and  it 
waa  not  until  1 1  a.  m,  tlint  wo  discovered  tmo  of  tluur  canoes,  eon-  ^ 
taining  two  of  these  people.     We  pulled  for  the  place,  they,  how- 
ever, had  landed  and  made  their  boat  fast.     It  will  be  difiicult  to 
forget  their  appearance.     There  sat  on  the  stumps  of  trees  two  lads, 
destitute  of  clothing.     They  had  some  ornaments  made  of  fibre 
around  their  beads,   and  strings  like  ga^rters  below  the    right 
knee.     As    for    inducing  them  to  move,  they   simply  declined, 
observing  they  were  waiting  for  more  of  the  tribe  ;   however,  they 
pointed  out  where  the  encampment  was.  , 


1870.] 


Vnt^i  g/  the  Amade  S&ct^i^. 


171 


I 


Leaving  them,  we  went  to  their  camp  to  try  our  pei-snadona  ou 
some  of  the  others  to  accompany  us  to  Yiper.  We  found  a  number 
of  females  and  chiLiren,  all  of  whom  appeared  very  glad  at  seeing 
**  Myo-jolah."  They  were  engaged  as  uj*ual,  in  smoking  shox't  day 
pipes,  and  eating,  having  taken  some  fish,  prawns,  and  crabs.  On 
being  told  that  I  wanted  fish»  they  brought  out  all  they  had,  and  let 
me  help  myself.  After  a  long  talk,  the  females  consentofl  to  go  to 
Viper,  for  as  Mr.  Homfray  hadjudieioualy  remarked*  the  boye 
would  soon  follow.  It  was  finally  arranged  that  they  should  go  in 
our  boati  and  we  were  to  take  a  canoe  in  tow,  containing  some  more 
of  the  aborigines.  Scarcely  had  we  started  before  one  of  them 
aeized  my  umbrella,  and  it  waa  explained  to  me  that  she  did  not  liko 
the  suu'a  rays,  and  proposed  that  "  I  should  hold  my  umbrella  over 
her  head/* 

Wlien  we  arrived  at  Viper,  we  found  thirty  more  people  had 
preceded  us,  and  by  evening  we  mustered  nearly  seventy.  It  was, 
however,  too  late  to  go  out,  so  we  passed  the  afternocm  in  feeding 
them,  letting  them  fly  a  kite,  with  whitih  they  were  highly  delight- 
ed, in  ascertaining  the  Andamanose  names  of  lish,  and  information 
respecting  the  best  fishing  grounds, 

Tlie  next  morning  eating  commenced  about  5  A.  M.,  and  by  6*30 
we  had  43  of  them  in  the  boats,  and  left  for  Pha?nix  bay  and 
South  point.  Before  starting,  however,  they  ridiculed  the  idea  of 
our  getting  tish,  as  it  was  not  low  tides  whilst  there  was  a  strong 
wind  and  rough  water.  Still  as  my  atay  was  limited,  we  persevered, 
and  on  arriving  at  Phoenix  bay,  had  to  commence  proceedings  by 
lighting  large  tires  and  distributing  rice,  plantains,  poppaws,  sugar- 
cane and  tobacco,  whilst  they  caught  crabs,  which  they  cooked 
on  the  embers.  In  fisliing  we  did  so  badly  that  at  their  sag- 
geation  we  crossed  the  point  to  South  bay.  As  wo  went  near 
the  inhabited  [lart  of  the  station,  they  begged  for  what  they 
saw,  and  eoUected  little  bits  of  iron.  The  tide  being  low  and 
the  water  not  so  rough,  they  did  better  at  this  ijlace ;  they  shot 
one  LethHnwk  ro§tratuM^  Guv.  and  Val.,  one  Tmihi^  t^tsrniicuUtta^  KuhL 
and  V.  Hase.,  and  several  Oit/pftitiodon  nordidus^  Forsk.  Besidea 
these,  the  younger  children  captured  many  specimens  of  I*ermph- 
thalmui  Koelrmlerif  Scha. 


A 


Ifrt^f  ^f  the  AsMh  Smd^f, 

On  the  1 1th,  wo  left  Viper  fur  a  fresh  water  creek  with  20  af  the  ! 
people.  Ouiirriving  at  the  landing  plat^a,  we  saw  a  storm  rising,  and  | 
the  aborigines  waved  about  their  hands  and  arrows,  to  btut  or  flog  | 
away  the  evil  spu-it  which  was  creating  the  disturbance  ;  nererthe-  j 
less  thej  were  unauccessfol,  and  it  poured  all  day.  We  landed  at 
one  of  theii-  deserted  eneampmonta,  but  the  fleas  and  other  vermin 
were  so  plentiful,  we  had  to  retreat  to  our  boats.  Their  huta 
pulm  leaves,   supported  on  stirks  in  the  most  primitivo  style.     We] 

ok  a  few  fish  and  bivalves  up  the  creek,  but  the  weather  became  I 

severe  that  we  were  compelled  to  return.     The  Andaiuaneeel 

"asserted  that  a  large  fresh  wator  lake  exists  in  the  island,    but   too  | 

far  away   for  us  to  go  to.     As  we  were  going  back,  tho  boat  huokJ 

catdiing  in  a  tree  went  overboard  ;  instantly  one  of  the  AndamancseJ 

boys  dtirtod  overboiU'd  and  recovered  it. 

On  the  13th  we  went  across  to  tho  Andainanese  Home,  a  long^l 
tliatched  .shed,  the  Lead  quarters   of  one  of  their  tribes*     On  one*| 
side  of  the  entrance  was  a  large  heap   of  the   bones   of  tortoisea,  j 
turtles,  dugongs,  and  also  a  few  shells,  the  refuse  of  their  meals. 
Inside  were  people  and  dogs,  the  latter  as  regards  feeding  evident- 1 
ly  considering    all    were    on    an    e<iuality,   whoever   could    take ' 
the  food  first  being  the  lawful  owner.     Here  we  again  had  to  givej 
them  fruit  and  sugar-cane,  whidi  was  equally  divided   under  the 
inspection  of  their  queen,  a  quiet  looking  venerable   old   woinoa  J 
Having  distributed  pipes  and  tobacco,  we  at  last  induced  them   to 
start  for  a  cruize   throug)i  the  jungle,   in  order  to  ascertain  what 
fish  there  were  in  the  fresh  water  streams,  and  what  specimens  o£ 
natural  history  we  eoidd  collect. 

The  distance  across  country  was  live  miles,  but  the  road  a  merei 
jungle  foot  track.  We  tuld  the  aborigines  to  obtain  fish,  shellsj 
reptiles  and  grasses,  and  they  set  to  work  to  coUoct.  We  had  not 
gone  far,  when  tho:*©  ahead  called  out  to  us  to  come  on,  and  point 
ing  to  a  ti'ee  asserted,  thoy  saw  a  snake  between  tho  bark  and  thoj 
stem.  The  fissure  was  scarcely  noticeable,  but  having  removed  th< 
dead  bark,  out  came  a  snake  {Lijcodon  anlicm)  which  we  se 
ed»  They  also  obtained  from  the  streams,  specimens  of  Goh\ 
giurUf  H.  B.,  Ophiocephalim  gachaa^  H.  B,,  Ilaphchilm  fxrncha^^  H, 
B.,  and  Murmm  macuhta^  H.  B.,  also  some  Crustacea,  many  landj 


1870. J 


Pr&cfedin^s  af  the  A^mtie  Society. 


173 


:(k,t  and  five 


\  of  ^ild  I 


Aliout  fi 


Bhells,*  some  lizarcJi^,t  and  live  gpeoie^  < 
M,  we  arrived  at  tlio  Home  at  Progress  creek  where  we  loll  thoaa. 
The  next  day  was  a  repetition  of  the  previous  one  onlj  can*ied  on 
on  the  oppositi?  side  of  Port  Mouat,  On  the  1 5  th  I  had*  to  return 
to  Boss,  but  in  the  em-ly  morning,  prior  to  our  starting,  tho  Anda- 
manese  hi-onght  in  two  tortoises,  a  turtle,  and  aome  fish  shot  and 
apeared  since  6  p.  M.  the  previous  evening. 

From  the  18th  to  the  20th,  assisted  by  these  people,  I  made  an 
examination  of  some  of  the  aea  fisheries,  and  the  mode  how  they 
take  sea  fish,  a  short  description  of  which  will  perhaps  give  the 
best  idea  of  how  they  work.  On  January  18th,  it  being'  low  spring 
tide,  we  started  from  Port  Mouat  at  7  A,  M.  for  MacPherson's  straita 
and  arrived  at  the  encampment  of  the  Rutland  chief  about  11  a.  M. 
We  found  them  dose  to  the  sea  shore,  where  some  fine  trees 
overhung  the  rocks,  on  whicli  they  wore  Lazily  reclining.  We  pass- 
ed the  body  of  the  only  child  of  the  chief  tied  up  in  a  tree,  its 
spirit  being  supposed  to  be  powerful,  the  little  one  having  died 
about  a  fortnight  previously. 

About  3  p.  M.  we  embarked,  taking  with  us  seventeen  of  the 
aborigines  in  our  boat,  their  ages  varying  fi^m  about  nineteen  to 
ten  years.  The  females  and  younger  children,  with  three  hand 
nets  remained  in  the  stern  of  the  boat :  the  bachelors  with  three 
bows  and  arrows  and  one  spear  in  the  forward  part,  and  as  ustttil 
the  latter  were  constantly  chaffing  the  former.  One  youngster  took 
the  rudder  and  we  prepared  to  start  for  *'  Jolly  boys'*  island,  some 
two  miles  away*  Scarcely  was  the  anchor  raised,  when  a  lad  in  a 
canoe  came  with  some  fish,  and  likewise  handed  in  a  piece  f>f  dead 
coral,  amtmgst  tlie  branches  of  which  numerous  beautiful  little  fish 
were  to  be  seen  alive,  aa  well  as  some  lovely  little  crabs.  On  sug- 
gesting that  they  might  have  got  in  there  by  acM^ident  or  been  put 
there  for  show,  over  the  side  of  the  boat  dashed  a  young  savage, 
who  dived  down  and  rose  again  to  the  surface  witli  another  piece 
of  coral  as  large  aa  hid  head,  and  in  it  were  forty  small  but  UrLng 
fish. 


*  CytUphorvki  folia/ttMA  0  h  o  m.,  tind  8pir(mi$  Haiight&ni,  Ben  &.,  being  th^ 
moat  common. 

t  Tiaris  mheristata,  B I  jih^  ia  the  oommotiest  troe-limrd ;  bofidet,  ieverftl 
Bpedea  of  Gsceotida  occur. 


m 


Praet&din^i  of  ihs  AMi&tk  SoeM^» 


[Jens, 


As  we  were  again  on  tho  ere  of  starting,  we  heard  a  shout 

iichmh^  kchrah  (£Uli^  ^^\i)  ivhen   another  canoe  arrived,   with  soma 
Bplendid   specimens  obtained  by  means   of  bows  and  arrows.     At_ 
last  we  started,  the  Andaraanese  as  usual  carrying  fire  with  thee 
and  soliciting  t^obacco  and  pipes,  their  most  constant  word  beln^l 
jay^  ja^^  (givej  give).     As  a  foretaste  of  what   might  be  expected, 
provided  they  did  well,  we  presented  the  chief  with  a  looking-glaas, 
aome  tobacco,  and  a  box  of  fusees,  whilst  we  alao   gave   our   felloii 
passengers  another  box  of  fusees,  which,  however,  they  had  exhauab 
ed  before  we  arrived  at  the  termination  of  our  short  pull,    as   the 
were  unable  to  resist  the  amusement  of  making  fire  without  troabltfJ 
to  themselves. 

We  pasftod  shoals  of  fish,  many  being  of  the  most  brilliatit  huee« 
Now  our  fi^liing  commenced*  the  females  started  off  along  the  shor 
to  fish  in  their  manner,  the  bachelors  with  their   bows  and  arrowil 
and  spears  proceeded  as  far  out  upon  the  reof  as  they  could,  whilst ' 
the  younger  children  stayed  with  us  to  collect  shells  and  small  fish* 

As  soon  as  wo  commenced  wading  into  the  sea,  hundreds  of  lishj 
darted  about,  either  from  under  one  piece   of   coral  to   another,  uf 
from  sea-weed  to  sea-weed. 

We  first  c*ollected  the  little  Pennies  which  are  exceedingly  active 
and  disappear  in  holes  under  the  coral,  just  as  one  is  feeling  sure 
of  obtaining  them,  we,  however,  captured  a  sufficient  number  of 
specimens.  Occasionally  when  feeling  under  a  8ea-wt*ed  or  csoral 
for  a  fish,  a  crab  would  lay  hold  of  the  hand  of  the  investigator,  ■ 
At  one  yell  rather  louder  than  any  which  hud  preceded  it,  I  went; 
to  the  spot  and  saw  the  beautifully  scarlet  and  striped  PteraU  valin 
tans  swimming  off,  whilst  all  the  Andaraanese  refused  having  aiiyn 
thing  more  to  do  with  the  **  sea  devil,"  as  they  term  these  fi&hea,  ' 
account  of  the  severity  of  the  wound  produced  by  their  spines.  The 
water  was  very  clear  and  shallow,  and  all  tliis  fishes  elongai 
Eos  wetre  expanded,  it  appeared  in  no  particular  hurry,  but  seemed! 
to  be  quietly  sailing  away,  as  much  as  to  challenge  m&  to  touch  it 
I  threw  a  pocket  handltorchief  over  it,  and  thus  obtained  it  Mitfely. 

Many  fishes,  never  previously  seen  by  me,  darted  past  us,  and  thd  J 
little  Andamanese  began  to  warm  to  their  work  and  took  some  largerl 
fishee  as  S$mmm  dispar^  Giintheri  Soohptia  eiluUtUt  Lac^p.i    Mu^Ul 


1870.] 


Pror0fdinff9  of  Ihs  Amdtie  SoHAtj, 


175 


maercfehluM,   Bleoker,  Ihuthis  eermieuhia,  K.  and  v*  H,,  Glyphi^* 

I  ioi'dklm^  Forsk,,  Chasropa  c^^anoden,  Eiohardaun,  Ilemiffymiut  me- 
hmiderus,  BL,  Callifodon  viridescmB,  Blkr.  &a  Whilst  thus  engaged, 
^0  \imvi\  a  loud  shout  out  on  the  reef,  and  on  looking,  per^oived  a 

ate,  Bhynchohatun  hiberculaitu,  Ouf.,  nearly  six  feet  long  siniggliDg 
with  some  of  our  fisherman*  We  found »  howevGr,  that  there  were 
many  small  speeies  which  we  could  not  capturo,  so  the  next  day  re- 
tumod  with  a  lar^o  sheet*  On  splasliing  the  water,  these  fish  retir- 
ed amongst  the  branches  of  the  coral.  We  then  spread  the  sheet  close 
to  the  coral,  sinking  it  with  stones  and  placing  some  sea-weed  and 
sand  upon  it.  As  soon  as  all  was  quiet,  the  fiah  came  from  their 
place  of  security,  got  amongst  our  sea-weed  when  we  liHed  the  sheet 
out  of  the  water,  and  thus  obtained  them-  The  An  daman  eso  are 
familiar  with  this  mode  of  catching  fiish. 

We  continued  collecting  about  an  hour,  daring  which  period  we 
obtained,  without  lifting  anything  but  the  boys'  hands,  many  spucics 
of  Esh,  about  60 lb  weight  of  shells  and  speeimens  of  the  so-callerj  sea 
alugs,  B^chfi  demer  {Holothuria)  whicli  abounds  tliere.  In  about  one 
and  a  half  hours  31  large  muUet,  Mutftl  macrovhilttJt,  Blkr.,  averaging 
about  3U>,  eanh,  and  upwards  of  30  other  large  tishos  as  well  as  many 
small  ones  had  rewarded  the  labours  of  our  archers^  and  that  witli* 
out  the  loss  of  a  single  arrow.  The  succeeding  day,  the  same 
partios  killed  56  large  mullets  by  bows  and  aiTows  within  the  space 
of  two  hours. 

As  mon  as  a  shoal  of  fi>5h,  or  even  one  large  fish  is  viewed,  all 
become  at  onee  on  the  alert,  they  dash  about  with  the  greatest  ac- 
tivity, run  over  the  sharp  coral  without  caring  for  it,  whilst  their 
eyesight  is  most  acute.  They  fire  their  arrows  at  objects  in  the 
water,  which  no  European,  unused  to  the  work,  could  perceive. 
They  appear  to  aim  under  tlie  lish,  and  mo-^tly  hit  it  through  the 
bowels,  when  struck,  away  darts  the  unlurttinate  victim  carrying 
off  the  floating  arrow,  which,  however,  soon  becomes  entangled  in 
the  sea-weed  or  else  tit©  tired  and  wounded  fish  gives  in,  the  arrow 
floats,  the  captive's  Ufe  is  nearly  over.  The  smaller  children  have 
miniature  bows  and  arrow**,  the  latter  being  unarmed,  but  having 
its  end  sharpened ;  with  these  they  practice  upon  small  fishes,  also 
on  those  which  have  been  wounded  by  their  elders.     The  usual 


mode  of  killing  captm^od  fiali  is  to  bite  tlirou^li  the  vertebral  column  i 
just  behind  the  head,  but  some  of  the  sea  hahes  they  first  oxecr- 1 
cLse  tho  younger  cliildren  upon.  The  fish  is  thrown  into  thd  bga, 
and  of  course  darts  away,  the  boys  and  girls  dash  in  aftttr  and  re-  j 
capturo  it.  Sometimes  they  will  do  this,  especially  witli  the  IVtf-j 
thididw^  .several  successive  times.  To  a  stranger  it  at  firat  appon 
very  improbable  that  they  will  recapture  it,  but  I  never  saw  them  j 
lose  one. 

As  wo  were  preparing  to  leave,  the  Andamttaeao  liaving  aesdrted 
that  they  had  obtained  as  much  as  they  could  carry  and  sufficient  fori 
food»  one  of  the  girls  brought  a  specimen  of  the  pretty  yellow  and] 
white  hmi<[QCi  Amphiprion  pivcula^  Lac6p.,  and  on  being  told  that  iti 
was  good,  observed  she  could  get  numbers  more.  8he  took  us  to  a  «ea 
nettle,  Actinia^  wIuL'h  she  dolaL'hed  from  the  coral  rock,  by  inserting 
her  hand  behind  tho  attachment  of  this  polype,  and  on  shaking  it  J 
into  the  hand,  two  more  of  those  little  fishes  came  out.   Subsequent- 1 
ly  this  was  repeated  to  twelve  others,  and  ail  had  two  living  iisH 
inside  them,  except  one  which  had  throe.  They  asserted  that  this  waa 
tlicir  usiuil  abode.    A  few  days  x^i'eviously,  Captain  H  a  m  i  1 1  o  n  J 
had  observed  to  me  that  some  little  striped  Esh  lived  inside  a  polj^pe  j 
at  North  bay*     One  day  he  dug  one  out,  dragged  it   to  the   shore 
and  captured  tliree  little  fiah  from  its   interior,   replacing  them  in 
tho   eea  they  appeared  not  ta  know  what  to  do,  swimming  round 
and  round  as  if  looking  for  something,    Tlie  living  polyx>e  was  now 
returned  to  the  sea  and  fhoy  at  once  swam  to  it,  following  it   as  it 
was  dragged  back  again  thrtnigh  the  water  to  its  original  localify*] 
As  I  was  going  over  to  North  bay  fisliing,  he  came  with  me  to  see  ii 
ho  oould  not  find  a  specimen,  unfortunately  after  discovering  one 
and  obtaining  a  fish  from  it,  Amphiprim  hifmciatum^   Bl,,   he 
stung  by  the  pol>^>e»  consequently  I  did  not  see  it,  but  I  have 
fish.     At  Gopttulpore,  I  found  living  specimens   of  77t^rapom  inside 
Mfdmoft  whifth  tho  fishermen  asserted  to  be  common. 

On  returning  towards  our  boat,  a  large  number  of  escident  swal*! 
lows  were  obser^^ed  soaring  about,  some  of  them  darting  in,  otlieral 
coming  out,  of  a  low  cave.     We  sent  in  some  of  the  Andaman ese  ta ' 
look  for  nests,  and  they  bt*onght  us  two  old  ones,  observing  the 
season  waa  too  late,  whilst  the  ccmvicts  had  cleared  it  a  few  months  J 


1870.] 


Ptacee<iin^a  a/  ih4  A^iitUc  SaciHg^ 


ITT 


proviou»ly.  Wc  obtaiiied  some  specimena  of  Uie  birds  l»y  atnniling 
ot  the  eritrau(!C}  of  the  eaTe  tiad  kuoiikiug  tliem  down  with  our 
liands  tts  they  ilew  out.     Furtlitjr  on,  we  vMmQ  across  a  Chihn  at- 

^hod  to  a  rock,  amd  they  drew  atttsution  to  it  as   being  a  great 
ty.    But  on  being  aaked  their  opinion  upon  Ilui(tthuri<B  and  oys- 
ters OS  foody  titey  expreaaed  great   disgust  at  the  idea  uf  eating 
them. 

It  waji  dark  by  tlie  time  we  readied  the  boat,  but  some  of  tho 
abongines  went  before  us>  had  lightud  a  tire  and  were  eookiug  andf 
eating  fiah.  They  divided  their  capturee  before  we  left  the  ifiland^ 
but  there  WQ&  a  second  iii vision  on  reaching  their  encampment  ad 
the  ohief  came  on  board  our  boat,  and  he  claims  everytiiing*  After 
be  is  satisfied,  it  is  time  for  the  resit  to  receive  their  ehai'os.  Wo 
gave  the  chief  several  presents,  amongst  wliich  the  spoara  for  Dnffong 
hunting  appeared  to  be  most  at tieptable,  and  Qouceming  whJcli  all 
expressed  imfjualifiod  satisfaction.  He  gave  us  a  large  turtle,  somo 
more  varieties  offish,  wished  us  **  goiwl  night'*  in  KngU^h^  and  wo 
Itift  this  tribe,  itfter  having  been  three  days  ^4tU  them.  Their 
chief  and  his  people  appeared  mure  inclined  to  work  than  either  of 
the  other  two  tribes,  amougist  whom  wo  had  [iroviouHly  boon.  8till 
in  oonolusion,  it  is  but  junt  to  remark  that  all  behave<l  well,  whether 
hunting  the  jungles  for  snakes,  and  site  lid,  or  tlie  streams,  back> 
waters,  estuaries,  croekf?,  or  the  sea  for  fish,  altliough  it  was  pbun 
iliat  aU  exocpt  tlie  Rutland  iHlandors,  tjonsidered  it  wa8  a  t^ni&idera- 
ble  trouble.  One  tribe  in  fact  requested  to  know  how  soon  I  was 
going,  as  they  were  becoming  tired  of  work,  and  hearing  that  if  wo 
did  well  that  day,  it  would  be  the  la*t ;  they  seemeil  stimulated  to 
renewed  at  Uvity,  and  were  rewarded  by  my  taking  my  departure. . 

II* — ^otes  on  a  trip  to  the  jMdammt^, — by  V.  Ball,  Esq,  (Abstract.) 
Tlie  author  read  an  interesting  account  of  his  visit  to  the  Anda- 
man home  at  Port  Mouat,  in  company  witli  Mr.  11  o  m  f  ray  and 
Dr.  C  u  r  r  a  n,  Asst.  Surgeon  of  Viper  inland.  In  his  oljstirvntionn, 
Mr*  Ball  supported  the  views  expressed  in  the  previous  paper 
as  regards  the  maxmers  and  customs,  and  the  reputed  cannibalism  of 

^th use  people.  He  met  the  aborigines  busily  at  work  about  their  do- 
mestic otiupations,  A  ivomau  was  soon  by  Mr.  Ball  engaged  in 
5 ,_ 


178  Proceed higs  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [JuKB, 

chipping  off  flakes  of  glass  from  a  bottle  with  a  quartz  pebble.  It 
took  some  time  till  a  suitable  flake  was  obtained,  for  the  purpose  of 
shaving.  He  was  also  informed  by  Mr.  Homfray,  that  the 
Andamanese  still  perfectly  understand  the  manufacture  of  flint 
flakes,  and  drew  the  attention  of  the  meeting  to  the  great  interest 
attached  to  the  execution  of  this  art,  of  which  geological  researches 
give  daily  proofs  that  it  has  been  once  in  practice  more  or  less 
almost  throughout  the  whole  world.  The  very  simple  form  of  huts 
does  not  appear  to  prevail  throughout  the  islands,  for  Mr.  Ball 
was  informed  by  Gapt.  Duncan  that  on  Little  Andaman  the  houses 
were  of  a  bee-hive  shape,  resembling  those  of  the  Nicobarese,  only 
much  larger  and  not  elevated  firom-the  ground.  In  conclusion  Mr. 
Ball  quoted  passages  from  Mr.  Wallace's  Malay  Archipelago, 
in  which  the  author  says  that  the  Nigritos  inhabiting  the  Andaman 
islands  "  had  in  all  probability  an  Asiatic  rather  than  a  Polynesian 
origin." 

Besides  the  genered  account  of  his  visit,  Mr.  Ball  submitted 
**  Notes  on  the  Geology  and  the  Ornithology  near  Port  Blair" 
which,  it  is  hoped,  will  be  published  in  the  Journal. 

m. — A  short  list  of  Andamanese  Test  icords, — ^by  F.  A.  de  B  6  e  p- 
s  t  o  r  f  f,  Esq.,  Extra  Asst.  Supdt.,  Port  Blair. 

The  words  noted  in  the  present  list  are  taken  from  the  dialect 
spoken  by  the  Andamanese  tribe  at  Port  Blair.  They  are  very  few, 
but  the  Andamanese  are  mostly  kept  very  carefully  away  from  all 
communication  with  Europeans,  and  it  is  not  easy  to  procure  even 
all  the  essential  words,  though  some  of  those  now  submitted  may 
assist  a  visitor  to  Poi»t  Blair. 

For  the  words  marked  with  an  *  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Horn, 
fray,  the  protector  of  the  Andamanese. 

a.  is  pronoanced  as  in  the  word  bar. 
e.  „  „  „  better, 

i.  n  „  >,  bill. 

Arrow  (for  fish),  rfi-ta. 

Arrow  (for  killing  pigs),  i-a-la-da. 

bad,  ja-bag-da. 

belly,  jo-do-da. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  ABtatie  Society,  179 

black)  wo-Iu-bai-a-da. 

boat,  b&-j&-da. 

bow  (to  shoot  with),  kar-ma. 
(to)  bum,  chdpa  in-olun-ga-koo. 

come,  min-ni-katsh. 

cry,  te-gi-ke. 

down,  ka-6-16. 

drink,  willi-ke. 
*(to)  eat,  moe-kr6. 

eye,  dfil-da. 
♦father,  ar-o-de-roe. 
♦fish,  dk-ra, 

fire,  chapa. 

food,  ma)k. 
*(to)  go,  t(51-pik. 

go  (Imperative),  on. 

good,  bsB-rin-ga-da. 

hand,  ko-ru-da. 

head,  tsha^-ta-da. 
*here,  la)g-ja-da. 
*I,  dol-Ia. 

I,  ang6l. 

iron,  w6-lu. 

little,  ar-kit-ja-da. 

large,  i-ji-bco-ri-ga-da. 
♦mother,  ar-bee-te-rro. 

mother,  tsha-no-la. 

nose,  tsho-run-ga-da. 

rain,  jung-da. 

rice,  i-&t. 

run  away,  katsh-ke. 
*(to)  sleep,  md-me-keo. 
*(to)  swim,  pot-ke. 

sail,  a-kan-gei  (that  is  go  about  in  a  canoo). 

silence,  mi-lan-ga-ko. 

scold,  to-wo-ke. 

stone,  ta)-li-da. 


180  Pi^oceedinga  of  the  Asiatic  Society ,  [JuirE, 

swine,  ro-go. 
*there,  u-tsha-da. 

tooth,  toog-da. 

turtle,  jfedi. 
♦turtle,  ga-ri-da. 

up,  ka-la-ge-a-da. 
(to)  want,  tdr-tup-pu-ke. 

water,  I-na-da. 

white,  ta-la-6g-da. 

woman,  a-p^l. 
*you,  un-go-la. 

you,  an-gol. 

The  President,  in  inviting  discussion  on  the  three  last  papers 
read,  pointed  out  that  there  are  great  many  differences  between 
several  of  the  same  terms  noted  in  Mr.  Roepstorff's  list,  and 
that  published  by  Col.  Tickell  in  the  Society's  Journal  for  1864. 
If  all  the  transliterations  be  correct,  they  certainly  would  indicate, 
he  thought,  considerable  differences  between  the  various  dialects. 

Mr.  Ball  observed  that  from  the  short  account  that  was  read,  it 
would  appear  that  Dr.  D  a  y  is  inclined  to  consider  the  Andamanese 
as  a  mongrel  race,  which  is  certainly  in  opposition  to  all  the  obser- 
vations made  by  other  naturalists,  and  seems  inconsistent  with  the 
facts. 

Dr.  S  t  o  1  i  c  z  k  a  said  that  the  statement  made  in  Dr.  Day's 
paper  does  not  necessarily  imply  a  generalisation  of  the  term  mixed 
race.  Dr.  Day  stated  to  him  that  some  of  the  people  with  smootli 
hair  uncommonly  resemble  Madrasese.  Dr.  Ikl  o  u  a  t  relates  an 
instance  of  a  Punjdbi  having  been  married  to  an  Andamanese 
woman,  and  from  other  facts  recorded  there  woidd  seem  little  doubt 
tliat  an  intermixture  of  the  races  has,  as  elsewhere,  occasionally 
taken  place. 

IV. — Notes  on  Arch(€ological  Remains  at  Shah  ki  Blieri^  and  the  site  of 
the  afieie7it  city  of  Taxila, — by  J.  G.  D  e  1  m  o  r  i  c  k,  Esq. 

The  President  said  that  the  object  of  Mr.  Delmerick's  paper 
was  to  identify  the  site  of  the  ancient  city  of  Taxila  with  the  present 
place  of  Shah  ki  Dhori.     The  j)hotograx)h  which   at<;omx)anied  the 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Soeiety,  181 

paper,  shewed  a  number  of  well  finished  heads,  chiefly  of  Buddha, 
^artistically  grouped.  Some  of  the  heads  looked,  indeed,  as  if  of 
Greek  origin  rather  than  Indian.  Mr.  Del  me  rick  had  also 
kindly  offered  to  send  to  the  Society  several  of  the  heads  themselves, 
which  would  be  laid  before  the  meeting  in  due  course. 

V, — ArcJuBological  Notes^ — by  A.  C.  L.  C  a  r  1 1  e  y  1  e.  Esq* 

Mr.  Blochmann  said — 

Mr.  Carlleyle,  Curator  of  the  Eiddell  Museum,  Agra,  has,  on 
several  previous  occasions,  favoured  the  Society  with  most  costly 
photographs,  tracings  and  rubbings  of  inscriptions  and  coins,  &c. 
His  presentations,  if  published,  would  indeed  fill  volumes.  He  sent 
lately  through  Mr.  E.  C.  B  a  y  1  e  y,  several  photographs  of  Bac- 
trian  and  Buddhists  coins,  as  also  a  large  collection  of  well 
executed  rubbings,     regarding  which  Mr.   B  a  y  1  e  y   observes — 

*  The  rubbings  are  very  interesting  ;  they  are  several  new  ones 
among  them,  as  a  new  ApoUodotus,  &c.' 

Among  the  photographs  lately  sent  by  Mr.  Carlleyle,  there 
are  a  few  Muhammadan  coins  which  deserve  notice. 

1.  A  coin  of  Sher  Shah,  with  the  Hindi  legend  SrL  Sher  Shah. 

2.  A  rupee  of  Jahangir — 

Obverse  :    jJ^^  •^♦«^  izH^bJ^ 
Reverse :  ^\  Jy^j  «)^*«^  alii  Iff  4^1  II 

3.  A  coin  by  'Alamshah,  struck  at  Dihli  (llazrat  %  DihliJ  in 
A.  H.  853. 

4.  A  coin  of  Iltitmish,  or,  as  he  is  generally  called  in  school- 
books,  ^Altamsh,^ 

Obverse:  ^J!>^J>SJ\. — Reverse:  c^tLL* 


Name  and  title  stand  in  double  triangles. 

The  legend  is  ij^^\,  although  the  two  i  have  only  two  dots, 
for  want  of  room  ;  but  the  two  shoshahs  of  the  t  are  clearly  visible 
between  the  Idm  and  mim. 


h.: 


1 82  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [ Jum 

The  two  Vs  are  moreover,  distinct  on  Baziyah's  coin,  publisliec 
by  Mr.  E.  T  h  o  m  a  8  {PaVhdn  coifis,  p.  19.) 

Eegarding  the  name  IHitmish,  Mr.  E.  Thomas  has  an  interest 
ing  note  in  the  Journal  of  our  Society  for  1867,  p.  37. 

ntitmish  was  bom  during  an  eclipse  of  the  moon.  Muhammadai 
historians  in  relating  this  circumstance,  use,  as  if  designedly,  the  ob 
8olete*(7?r//i{  t  mdhy  instead  of  the  common  Arabic  term  khusufi  *  ai 
eclipse  of  the  moon,'  and  they  appear  to  look  upon  Iltitmish  as  tli( 
Turkish  equivalent  for  the  Persian  girift  i  mah.  Perhaps  Mr 
T  h  o  m  a  s'  forthcoming  edition  of  the  Coins  of  the  Pat'h^  Kingi 
will  set  this  matter  at  rest. 

As  the  name  of  this  king  occurs  in  poems,  the  metre  helps  us  ti 
a  certain  extent ;  for  the  passages  in  which  Iltitmish  is  mentioned 
require  invariably  three  long  syllables,  i.  e.,  a  word  of  the  icazn  o 
^^ksuo  mafiilun  ;  and  we  would  have  to  choose  between  IltitmiSi 
(,JuiiJ\)^  riitmish  (ij>^t)y  and  lltimish  (lA^')>  ^^  ^^^^r  pro 
nunciation  suiting  the  metre. 

yi. — Notes  on  some  Java^iese  Algw, — hy  Dr.  Q.  v.  Martens,    ii 

Stuttgard, — communicated  hy  S.  K  u  r  z,  Esq. 

[Received  30th  April,  Read  lat  June,  1870.] 

Dr.  V.  Martens  has  had  the  kindness  to  examine  my  Javanesi 
and  other  Algoe,*  of  which  he  communicated  to  me  the  names  anc 
descriptions  in  his  letter,  dated  26th  March,  1870.  I  now  take  tli( 
pleasure  of  placing  the  interesting  results  (with  his  x)erniission] 
before  the  Society. 

The  Alg«)  noted  in  this  communication  were  chieflyf  collected 
by  myself  in  the  province  Buitenzorg  in  Western  Java,  at  a  time 
when  I  j)aid  comi)arativoly  little  attention  to  this  class  of  plants, 
and,  therefore,  the  number  of  spe(de8  is  only  very  small  in  compari- 
sion  with  what  has  become  ali'eady  known  from  those  regions,  sc 

•  There  are  mimerotis  Andamanese  and  several  Bengal  Algao,  which  I  retail 
for  a  future  opportunity.  Prof.  v.  M  a  r  t  o  n  s  is  now  examining  the  re- 
mainder of  my  Bengal  and  Burmese  Algoo,  and  it  seems,  therefore,  preferabU 
to  submit  the  results  of  these  examiimtions  in  a  separate  paper.  In  doiD^ 
BO,  unnecessary  repetitious  will  be  avoided,  and  at  the  same  time  a  bettei 
phytogeographical  sketch  can  be  given  of  tlie  respective  countries,  than  i 
treated  separately. 

t  With  a  single  exception  which  refers  to  a  species  obUined  at  Singapore. 


1870.] 


Proemdin^H  of  ike  Asiatic  Soctetif* 


193 


prolific  in  interesting  crjptogaiiLs.  In  spit©  of  thftt|  j^ei^eral  new 
species  and  even  a  new  and  well  marked  genus  are  the  raaulta,  dearly 
indicating,  how  muoli  atill  remains  to  be  donn  in  Indian  Pliycology. 
Zollinger  8*  and  E,  v.  Martens*  ctillections  of  Algaj  in  the 
Indian  Archipelago  are  far  tlie  richest  as  yet  made  in  those  coun- 
tries, hut  in  looking  over  the  following  shctrt  list,  it  can  easily  he 
observed  that  a  good  number  of  ppecies,  although  not  new  to  science, 
BtiU  are  very  interesting  in  a  phyto-geographical  point  of  view,  as 
they  were  never  before  found  by  former  botanists  in  those  localities* 

40.*  Cidathrix  maxima^  Martens;  fluitans»  6  pollicaris  et 
ultra,  chalybea  vel  fuscescens,  fihs  sine  vtigina  1/120  ad  l/lOO  lin. 
crasfiis,  distincte  articulatis  ;  articulis  diametro  triple  ad  quadru* 
plum  brevioribus,  linea  tenerrima  diniidiatia  ;  vaginis  fuscis,  1/100 
ad  1/75  lin,  crassis. 

Hub.  Javae,  froquens  in  flumine  Tjiliwong  prope  Buitenzorg. 

48.  OscUlaria  antUaria^  Martens;  ad  sax  a  trachytica  in 
flumine  Tjiliwong  pr.  Buitenzorg, — frequens. 

bb.  TQhjpothrix  imphjca  Martens;  chalybeo-aeniginea,  ciespi- 
tosa^  ciespituhs  ad  3  hn*  altis  ;  filis  grantduais  dense  intricatis,  pai'ce 
ramosia  ;  articulis  diametro  (1/450  lin,  cum  vagina)  aequalibijj,  ple- 
rumque  obsoletis  ;  vaginis  arctis, — ^Inter  mosoos  ad  ripam  fiuminia 
Tjiliwong  prop,  Buitemsorg, — frequens. 

123.  NUdla  up.  noi\  f  N.  nidificm  afEnis  ;  in  fossis  ad  viam  pub- 
Ucam  ad  Megamendong^  o*  4600  ped. 

313.  Set/ f omnia  tomentosum.  Kg.,  ad  terram  argylloaam  inunda* 
tam  prope  Bogor  tempore  pluviali  frequentissime. 

315.  Hydrocolmm  mq/uif  Marten  sj  cae spite  pollicari  ex 
chalybeo  viridi,  vaginis  moEibus  amplioribua  pellucidie,  fills  inolu* 
ais  nunc  simpUcibus  ad  1/100  lin.  crassis,  nunc  binis  v.  ternis, 
1/300  ad  1/180  lin.  crassis,  eaepe  tumoscentibus  et  fiex-uosis,  tenui- 
tor  transverse  etriatis,  virescentibus  v.  yiolaacentibus,  articulis 
diametro  (1/90  ad  1/75  lin.  cum  vagina)  brevioribus» — Ad  terram 
argillosam  et  fluitans  in  aquis  stagnantibus  oryzetonim  circa 
Buitenzorg. 


•  Thia  mid  Llio  following  Duttibors  refer   to  my  DGU<M3t!oui  of  oryptogams 
(Knrit). 


1S4 


ProemdingB  of  the  AnuUe  i 


ltJ!IK| 


817b.  Spirag^a  deeimina^  Link;  in  Ibsftis  ad  viam  supra  mon- 
tern  Megaraendong  pr  Tuj^i,  c.  4600  pcd.  s.  m. 

318.  PhormitUum  inund4ttum^  K  g.  ;  in  aquis  curreutibtis  0177^10- 
rtun  ad  terram  argiUosam* 

331.  PskMmrmium  fmcHcmm^  Kg.  ;  in  a<piis  oryzetorutu  pr, 
Buiten^org  natans. 

335.  Ctadophora  mrdida^  I^  g- ;  *^^  oryzetis  ad  Caniprmg  (vicum) 
BoTong  tang  pr,  BiiiteniGorg. 

337.  Bpirog^ra  majmcula,  K  g.  j  in  oryzetis  valli  Tjiliwong  pr, 
Buitenieorg,  BSD  ped.  8.  m. 

338.  Spiroffyra  adnata^  Link;  ad  saxa  declivia  fliuuinis 
!I5iliwong  pr,  Buitenzorg. 

370,  Lynghja  mftjuscula^  Harvey;  in  fossift  oryzetonmi  circa 
Mocarai  jir.  Bnitenzorg,  c.  1000  pod.  s.  m. 

37i)h.  Lyn(fh}fajluviutilisy  Martens,  (Tange  dor  Preuss.  £xped« 
Ost.  Asien,  19,  t.  iii.  f,  5)  ;  ad  saxa  in  rivulo  Tjiberrempr.  MaeaTE| 
ad  Bnitenzorg^  0.  1000  ped,  s.  m. 

624.  Nostoc  paptllosum,  Kurz  ;  olivaoeo-vmde,  explanatiim, 
conglomeratum,  senectute  caTum,  papilloBum,  mnbonatum,  filia 
intemlfl  deuAe  impIicatiB,  ciirvatis,  articulis  elliptidsj  violacoig, 
1/700  lin<  crassis, — In  monto  Salak  iutor  mnsoos  juxta  rirtdum  | 
quoddam  prop.  Bodjong  fre<ju0iis,  c.  3000  ped  b.  m. 

Xwr^ia,  M  arte n»,  noY,  gen.  Fila  artioulata,  longitudin alitor 
connata,  tubuluin  ramosum  epinosnia  conferyoideum  formaniia; 
ffpermatia  globosa,  minutai  lusca,  in  snperEcie  sparsa. 

672*  JT.  erenaeanthoidea,  Martens  ;  fills  pollicarihuSp  valdo 
intricatisj  pallide  viridibuB,  1/30  ad  1/20  lin.  erases,  flexnosie, . 
f amis  divaricatis,  subsecundis,  articulis  filomm  crmnatorum  in  dia-  ] 
metro  (1/200  lin.)  aequalibus,  v.  dnplo  ad  quailruplnm  longioribus ;  J 
spinis  alternant! bus,  pleniniquo  binatis  vel  ternatis,  peUucidis,  tri-J 
articulatis,  sursum  enrvatis,  aciitinsculjs,  1/20  Un.  longis,  basi  1/801 
lin,  crassis. — Inter  Tjiboddas  et  Tjiburruni,  in  cavis  moutiaj 
Pan^erango,*  c.  4500  pod.  s,  m. 


*  It  forma  in  the  excarations  along  tbo  pntb,  going  up  tbo  Pongorotigo,  gre^nl 
^Afense  strata,  covering  esp€chilly  tlie  inUirior  portioiiH  of  thoa©   cavittos,    and 
'  ^^^weiTitig  no  vlher  ffopply  of  water  except  what  porcobte«  throagh  the  earth. 

[8.  Kuam]. 


1870.] 


l\octi^ing9  of  t/te  Asiatic  Soeietf, 


IM 


A  rery  remarkable  Alga»  very  much  resembling  Crmaeantha  ori* 
mtalt'i^  Ktitsing,  a,  epeeiea  which  has  as  yet  oiJj  been  fouml  in 
R  well  in  Ilobiiin,  Palestino,  It  ditlVirs,  however,  by  the  nut  jointed 
ot*rticute  stem  and  branches,  oidy  the  line  prickles  are  jointed  aa 
in  CmtroeeraSi  and  are  visible  already  with  the  aid  of  a  common 
lene* 

700.  L^ptothrix  lamelkm^  K^.  =  Oseillatnria  lahi^rinthiffmnu^ 
A  g. — Id  the  hot  waters  of  the  Tjikundal  on  the  Gedc*,  at  about 
7000  foot  ©lovatiori.  It  was  alroridy  disoovorod  by  Y  a  n  d  e  1 1  i 
in  the  time  of  L  i  n  n  e,  in  tho  hot  water  springs  of  Abamo  near 
Padim. 

1 207.  Phytmerk  retkulatn,  K  g.  ;  Siiigap<jre  ;  (vory  froquont  in 
the  Indian  ocean  and  in  the  Bed  Sea). 

Vn. — Contrt'hutioHi  towards  I'enmcular  Lfjrko(^rapht/,  No.  K — Bt/ 
PratApachandra  Ghoeha,  B.  A.  ( Abstra*:t.) 
Lexicography  as  a  science  is  quite  unknown  in  the  literature  of 
Beugid.  Dictionaiios,  in  the  true  sense  of  the  term,  are  not  to 
found  in  Bcngah'.  The  few  that  pass  under  that  ostensiblo 
[le,  partake  more  of  the  nature  of  Vocabularies  than  of  Diction- 
aries. They  appear  to  have  been  compil(*d  without  any  refurcnce  to 
the  etymology  or  orthograjihy  of  vuruacular  worda.  And  as 
long  aa  a  real  boundary  line  of  the  hmgungo  i«  not  marked,  Mudi 
works  oannot  be  anything  else  tiian  banscrita  liictionaries  in  Ben* 
cliaracters.  Some  compilers  have,  however,  augmented  the 
to  of  their  work  by  iutorpolatiag  all  the  modifications  and  distor- 
tions iif  Sixnsfritu  words  to  which  mjirupt  pronunciation  of  the  iiliter- 
at45^  and  errunoous  spelling  of  the  negb'gout,  have  given  rise. 

Li  thii*,  the  first  of  a  series  of  papers^  it  is  attempted  to  lay  the 
foundation  on  a  s«»und  principle,  for  a  better  and  complete  Diction- 
ff/BT  oi  the  Bengali  language.  Etymology  of  Boverid  vernacular 
tand  t!ieir  present  api^lication,  as  dintinguitihud  from  that  of 
liiginal  Sanserita  words,  Irom  wliich  thi^y  oviduntly  have  been 
derived,  form  the  Bubjeot  of  this  paper.  The  Bengali  language 
derives  more  than  nineteen*tweutieth  of  tho  bidk  of  its  words  from 
the  Sanscritu,  aud  in  many  instances  the  ongiutd  Saii>«'rita  form  has 
boon  so  fully  preserved,  that  the  words  of  the  two  languagos  are,  in 


Pfoceedin^i  of  the  AbMU  Sm&ti/, 


[Justs, 


overy  respect,  excepting  the  slight  modifiuations  of  the  case-affixes,  j 
identical.     Almost  all  the  words  derived  from  the  Sanscrita,  have  ' 
retained  their  orthography  in  writing,  but  in  common  conversatioii 
some  of  them  are  so  far  modified,  that  at  first  sight  they  defy  ideH' 
tification.     Hence  ari&es  that  difierence  in  the  written  and  spokeaJ 
language  of  the  country,  offering  serious  difficulties  to  foreigneira ' 
in  acquiring  fluency  of  speecli  in  the  Bengali*     In  Romanifling 
Bengali  words,   tlic  same   discrepancy   has   been  observed,  and   it 
becomes  almost  imposisible  to  the  uninitiated  t^   put  in  Homan 
characters  a  conversation  conducted  between  two  natives  of  the 
coimtry.     The  vowels  are  so  indistinctly  pronounced,  and  the  differ- 
ent S^8  and  N^it  confounded  and  interchanged,  that  in  transcribing  ] 
them,  the   ear    always  misleads   the  pen.     These   peculiarities   of] 
pronunciation,    not  being  observed  in  writing,  have   given  rise   to  I 
a  seriuus   question,   whether  such   corrupt   forms  are  to   be  con- 
sidered as  distinct  words  or  not. 

Excepting   the  case-terminals   and  certain  veiy  awkwardly  dis-  1 
tortod  words  whicli  have  to  be  traced  to  the  Prakrit  a  and  the  Gdthd  i 
for  an  explanation  of  the  mode  of  their  formation,  abnust  all   Ben- 
gali corruptions  irom  the  Sanscrita  are  not  permanent  types.  8a(di«  | 
however,  as  'S*f1t?l5,  ^?r^,  f*f$rt?ft»  corruptions  of  the  Banscrita  Stll%^ 
^ifr.and  c£t?^  ^*re  permanent  nioditications,  and  though    tlioy   ar© 
now  and  then  rejected  by  the  pod  antic  as  vulgar,  they  are  to  be  seen  i 
in  many  authors.     The  word    f^^Jift,  however,  has  been  mi  exten-  | 
sively  iised  both  in  literary  compositions  and  as  a  proper  name,  that  j 
the  most  strict   defender  of  the   purity   of  the  language  finds  it 
difficult  to  eliminate  it.     Supporters  of  the   converse  theory,  how- 
ever, would  retain  such  foi-ms  as^  ^ism,  *fm  and  JIW ;  they  are  used  in  | 
common  conversation  even  by  tlie  learned,  thougli  never  in  ina'iting* 

For  the  sake  of  euphony  many  Sanscrita  words  have  been  oo^j 
rupted.  Several  such  corruptions  have  been  traced  in  this  paper, , 
and  the  rules  of  tlie  substitutiun,  elimination  or  interpolation  of  ' 
letters  in  Bengali  and  Prfikrita  have  been  given,  and  lists  of  words 
60  derived  have  also  been  added.  The  paper  concludes  with  a  list  i 
of  Bengali  words  dcrivod  from  the  Bansciita  either  direct  or  thi'oii^li 
^e  Pr^pta,  The  Prdkrtta  f<*rms  have  been  placed  side  by  side  f or  ] 
compariaon. 


1870.] 


Pr$€0idinff»  of  (h  AbuUic  Socwiy. 


}H1 


Vill, — NbtitM  on  Arahic  and  Fenian    TmcripUmts  in    the   DiBtrid  of 
JlugU^—hf   H,  B  L  o  c  n  M  A  N  jr,  Esq,,  M.  A.,    Calcutta  Mad* 
ramh.     (Abstract), 

It.  B  1  o  c  h  m  a  n  n  said^ 

I  have  collfK^ted  foiirtoon  Arabic  and  four  Persian  inseriptions  from 
Tribeni,  Paii^uah,  Sdtgaijw,  and  Diuiniit'h.  Tlie  Arabic  inscriptionfl 
are  all  in  large  Tutjhd  cUaraciters  with  the  letters  much  interwoven, 
which  renders  the  reading  extremely  difficult,  and  is  very  hkolj  the 
reason  why  these  iascriptions,  though  so  neai*  our  moti'opolis,  have 
never  been  collected.  Another  source  of  difHculty  is  this,  that  the 
greater  part  of  the  inscriptions  dtjes  not  behjng  to  the  phices  where 
they  now  lie,  Thus  the  tomb  of  Khdn  Muhammad  Zafar  Khau 
at  Tribeni  contains  two  inseriptions  imbedded  in  the  side  of  tho 
sarcophagus  referring  to  the  building  of  a  Madrasah,  and  the  *?econd 
iDscril»tion  (published  by  Mr*  I).  M  a  n  e  y  in  J.  A.  S.  B.  VoL  XW, 
p.  397)  which  only  forms  the  concluding  poilion  of  the  sentence, 
is  put  first.  The  public  buildings  in  Sdtg^ijw  and  Tribeni  de- 
cayed in  tho  course  of  time,  and  vanished  altogether,  but  pious 
hands  have  rescued  their  inscriptions  and  stored  them  up  round 
about  the  hidlowed  spots  of  Zafar  ICIiiln's  tomb,  and  Fakhruddin*9 
enclosure,  or  even  fijted  them  into  the  tomb  waUs  at  the  time  of 
repEurSi  as  if  these  spots  were  the  museums  of  inscriptions  of  the 
HiSgH  l>isti-ict. 

Seven  of  the  Ai*abic  inscriptions  collected  hy  me  add  to  our  scanty 
knowledge  of  Bengal  History  and  Geography.  Tho  earliesf  (Tri- 
beni) inscription  givesTthe  year  A.  H.  fiUB,  or  1298  A.  I),;  the 
latest  (of  S^tganw)  A.  II.  930,  or  1530  A.  B. 

The  following  geographical  names  occui'  on  the  inscriptions— 

L      The  (own  of  JTmairt^had  the  Great, 

This  is  evidently  Ilusaindbfid  in  tho  Murahidd1>dd  district.  A 
village  of  the  same  name  lies  between  84tg&i}w  and  Tribeni,  not 
far  from  the  spots  where  trailition  still  points  to  the  site  of  tlie  royal 
horse  and  camel  Btabb^s ;  but  its  f*nuu]ation,  accordiug  to  tho 
tradition,  boloug*i  to  the  times  of  Husaiu  Shah  the  Good. 


1 88  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Societt/,  [JuNB, 

2.  Tlie  town  of  Sirhaf, 

This  is  tho  Sarhat  of  our  maps  in  Birbhum.  It  was  the  birth-phice 
of  RuknuJdin  Riikn  Kh^B,  who,  according  to  the  inscriptions  at 
Tnboni  commanded  a  good  portion  of  Wostorn  Bengal  in  698  A.  H. 
His  name  and  time  coincide  with  those  of  the  Ruknuddin  (Kai 
K^us),  mentioned  by  Mr.  E.  Thomas  and  B^b(5  E&jendra 
LdlaMitra  {vide  Journal  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal,  1867,  p,  40.) 

3.  The  District  of  Sajld  Manhhhad  (  ^U^XLo  iUU  LcjP  ). 

4.  Tlie    rhdnah  of  Ldohld  (Ibj*). 

This  name  occurs  on  the  Tribeni  Inscription  of  698  A.  H. ;  but 
the  S&tg6nw  inscription  of  86l  mentions  the  town  of  L&obM. 

5.  The  District  and  town  of  Dadigar  {j^ii)^) 

6.  The  town  of  SimlMd  (  cX^^U^  ). 

7.  The  Thdnah  of  Mihrhak  {^y^  ). 

I  should  be  glad  if  any  member  could  assist  me  in  identifying 
the  iBBt^re  names. 

Tribeni  itself  is  called  by  Muhammadans  TripdnC,  or  Tripani- 
Sh/ihp'kr,  or  Firvzdhad.  They  refer  the  latter  name  to  a  Dilhl 
Firuz ;  but  it  is  more  natural  to  refer  it  to  the  Ffrdzshfih  of  Bengal, 
whoso  name  occurs  in  the  Tribeni  inscription  of  713,  and  on  Mr. 
T  h  o  m  a  s'  coins  (Journal  A.  S.  B.,  1867,  p,  45). 

Two  inscriptions  of  the  year  698  A.  H.  mention  no  king,  but 
only  the  names  of  Kh^n  Muhammad  Zafar  Khdn,  and  Euknuddfn 
Eukn  Khdn,  the  latter  of  whom  gets  high  sounding  titles,  as  Ultigh 
MajUsulmojdliSy  Majlis  %  Ikhtiydr^  &c. 

Tho  inscription  from  Zafar  Khan's  Madrasah,  completed  on  the 
Ifit  MuhaiTam  713,  gives  the  name  oi  Shumsuddin  Ahul  Muzaffar 
Firiiz  Shah  Sulfdn. 

Tlio  name  of  tliis  king  is  not  given  in  the  Histories  of  Bengal.  Mr. 
E.  Th  o  m  a  s  was  the  first  that  assigned  him  his  proper  place.  His 
coins  refer  chiefly  to  the  years  715  to  722  A.  H. ;  one  perhaps 
belongs  to  702.  The  Tribeni  inscription  gives  713,  at  which  time 
ho  must  have  been  firmly  established. 

The  next  (Sdtganw)  inscription  gives  the  date  801,  and  mentions 
the  king  Na^iruddln  Ahul  Muzaffar  Uusain  Shah,  and  a  Bengal 
grandee  Tarhiyat  Khdn, 


,1870,] 


Procefdift^M  nj  ilht  Asiatw  S&eiety. 


18'J 


Oiir  imperfect  lists  of  Bonsai  kings  call  tHa  Mug  Napr  SMh  ; 
fbut  'Husain  Sh4h  (I.)'  would  be  the  pronca*  name. 

The  next  inscription  mentions  Barlak  Sh4h,  son  fi/Mahmdd  Sli^h, 
the  Suifm,  as  in  Mareden    II.,  p,  573*     The  yoar  ie  expressed  by 

the  meaning  of  which,  on  account  of  the  wdw  before  siUin,  is  not 
quite  dear  ;  and  if  it  be  Muhan^am  86 1,  it  would  be  at  varianoe  with 
the  preceding  inscription. 

The  next  inscription  from  Sidffnnw  mentions  Mdluddm  Ahul 
VMuzaffar  Fiith  Bhi'th  Saltdfi^aonof  MahmiLii  Shdh  iS'ttZ/aw,  and  the  date, 
I  4th  3luharram  892.      Vide  Marsden  II,  574, 

Tims  Fath  Shih  would  be  Barbak's  brother*  But  their  father 
Mahmud  Shth  Sulpin  has  not  jet  received  a  place  among  tho 
kings  of  Bengal. 

The  last  inscription  of  importance  gives  tho  name  of  Sulfdn 
i\r«iyra/  JShdhy  son  of  Jlmain  Shah  SttI(uH^  and  the  year  A,  H.  936, 
or  1629-30,  A.  B. 

Whether  he  was  called  *  Nai;ib  Shall*  {Jhulfazlf  FiriMah)  or  nut, 
there  is  no  doubt  that  on  instriptiona   he  in  called  *  Nuqrat  Sh^h' 

I  take  this  opportunity  to  state  that  the  Bahniui  Saqqii,  men- 
tioned in  my  last  j^aper  on  *  Historical  places  in  the  District  of 
Hi^gli/ to  judge  from  the  inscriptions  on  his  shrine  in  Bardwau, 
lately  received  by  me,  turns  out  to  bo  the  poet  of  the  same  name, 
whose  biography  will  be  found  in  the  Second  Book  of  tho  Ain. 

Mr.  Ball  said,  I  would  venture  to  suggest  to  Mr.  Blochmann 
the  neighbomliood  of  Rtijmahdl  as  well  worthy  liis  attention,  should 
he  determine  to  extend  the  limits  of  his  investigations  regarding 
tho  ruins  and  monuments  which  mark  the  early  progreaa  of  the 
Muhammad  an 9  in  Bengal, 

Between  Rfijmah 61  and  Colgong  (K*halg§ow)  there  are  a  number 
of  ruined  masjids,  palaces,  and  forts.  The  latter,  but  more  especially 
the  one  at  Tilagurlii  (Toly^ga^hi)  being  sci  situated  aa  to  command 
the  passes  thi'ough  the  hills. 

Considerable  quantities  of  cut  ^tono^  tiMp,  granite,  and  gneiss 
have  Ijceu  U8i4  in  the  buildings. 


190  Proceedings  oftlie  Asiatic  Society.  [June, 

On  the  small  granite  islands  in  the  Ganges  at  Colgong,  there  are 
wedge  marks  shewing  where  huge  monoliths  have  been  split  off 
from  the  mass  of  rock.  In  some  cases,  the  operations  were  not 
successful,  the  stone  having  broken  off  short.  On  one  of  the  islands 
there  is  a  remarkable  Durga  carved  on  the  rock  in  situ.  At 
Putturgutta  there  are  cave  temples  cut  in  the  sandstones  on  the 
sides  of  the  hill.  When  recently  visiting  these  localities  I  saw  four 
traces  of  inscriptions. 

A  short  discussion  followed  as  to  the  historical  importance  of  the 
Efijmahdl  District,  and  the  desirability  of  securing  some  of  the 
valuable  inscriptions  which  Me  about  unprotected  at  Sdtganw  and 
other  places. 

The  following  paper  was  received  : — 

IX.— On  the  JVbrmal  Rainfall  of  Bengal,— hj  H.  F.  B 1  a  n  f  o  r  d, 
Esq.,  F.  G.  8. 

The  reading  of  this  paper  was  postponed  for  the  next  Meeting. 

Library. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  the 
last  meeting — 

Presentations. 

%*    Karnes  of  Donors  in  Capitals. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society,  No.  117. — The  Royal  Society 
OF  London. 

Bulletin  de  La  Societe  de  Geograj)liie,  Mars,  1870. — The  Geooba- 
pnicAL  Society  of  Paris. 

Anthropological  Review,  No.  29. — The  Anthropological  Society. 

Prom  Calcutta  to  London,  by  the  Suez  Canal. — The  Rev.  0. 
n.  Dall. 

Materials  for  a  Monograph  of  the  Lepetida,  by  C.  H.  DalL — 
The  Author. 

Ueber  den  Loss,  von  Eduard  Suess. — Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

Description  d'une  espece  nouvelle  du  genre  Argiope  du  terrain 
Oligogene  inferieur  du  Nord  de  V  Allemagne,  par  J.  Bosquet, — 
The  same. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  191 

Notice  BUT  deux  nouveaux  Brachiopodes,  par  J.  Bosquet. : — 
The  ai3££. 

Memoire  sur  les  Fossiles  de  Montreuil  Bellay,  par  M.  H6rbert : — 
The  same. 

Beitrage  zur  Palaontologie  der  Jura-und  Kreide — Formation  im 
NordwestUchen  Deutschland  von  Dr.  XJ.  Schloenbacli : — The  same. 

Die  Fossile  Fauna  der  Silurischen  Diluvial-GeRchiebe  von  Sade- 
witz  in  Nieder-Schlesien.  Fine  Palseontologische  Monographie, 
von  Dr.  F.  Boemer  : — The  same. 

B&ghbatta  Ashtdnga  Hridaya  : — Col.  G.  B.  Malleson. 

Professional  Papers  on  Indian  Engineering,  April  1870  : — The 
Editor. 

Bahasya  Sandarbha,  No.  58  : — The  Editor. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  Government,  No.  LXXV : — The 
Government  of  India. 

Narrative  of  tlie  Course  of  Legislation  by  the  Council  of  the 
Governor-General  during  the  official  year  1868-69  :— The  same. 

Eeport  on  the  Result  of  the  Administration  of  the  Salt  Depart- 
ment, during  1868-69  : — The  Government  of  Bengal. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  Government,  Vol.  Ill,  No.  11 : — 
The  Government  of  N.  W.  Provinces. 

Mcchafige. 

Nature,  Nos.  25  and  26. 

Athenajum,  February  and  March,  1870. 

Furchase, 
Gould's  Birds  of  Asia,  part  22  :— Ibn-El-Athiri  cliroiiicon,  Vol. 
IV. : — ^Revue  des  Deux  Mondes  1  and  15  Mars: — Revuo  Archeo- 
logique,  Mars,  1870  :— Revuo  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  No.  2,  1870  : 
Comptes  Rendus,  8-11  :— Reise  der  (EsteiTeichischen  Fregatte 
Novara,   Cruafaccen, 


192 


Ptaeuiingi  r»/  the  Au&tiv  SQctetif. 


[JuifK, 


On  ih  Rdiition  of  the  UriyA  to  t/is  otlu*r  Mod4*rn  Aryan  Langua^es^ — 

hy  John  Beames,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S.^  Iialmur$. 

[Kooeived  6th  April,  1870 ;  read  4th  May,  1870.] 

A  book  lias  recently  been  published  by  B&bri  Kfintii^handra  Bhat^i- 
ch^iyya,  a  Pandit  in  tlie  Government  School  at  Balaftore»  undor 
the  title  ^Sfjill  ^^2  "^TT!  ^C'^  **Uriya  not  an  independent  language." 
This  little  work,  though  profoundly  destitute  of  plnlological 
arguments,  has  eroated  some  stir  among  the  natives  of  the  province, 
who  are  somewhat  disgusted  at  finding  their  native  langnago  treat- 
ed as  a  mere  corruption  of  Bengali.  The  local  excitement  on  the 
subject,  has  led  me  to  look  into  the  question  more  closely  than  I 
hiid  before,  though  in  the  course  of  reading  fur  my  **  Comparative 
Grammar  of  the  Modern  Aryan  Languages"  I  had  come  upon  many 
peculiarities,  both  of  phonetics  and  inflection,  which  had  caused  mo 
long  ago  to  make  \ip  my  mind  as  to  the  right  of  tlie  Uriyfi  to 
be  considered  a  language  per  ne.  It  may  not  be  uninteresting  to 
others  to  see  an  attempt  mado  to  analyze  the  structure  of  this 
little  known  foiin  of  speech  j  and  at  the  risk  of  anticipatiug  state* 
monts  which  would  give  to  my  grammar  an  air  of  greater  novelty^ 
1  venture  to  put  down  a  very  brief  outline  of  my  views. 

At  whatever  period  in  the  history  of  the  world  tlie  Aryan  race 
entered  Orissa,  it  must  be  admitted  as  liighly  probable  that  those 
who  did  so,  formed  the  vanguard  of  the  immigration.  Improbable 
as  it  seems  to  on©  who  looks  on  the  etiomitiate  and  apathetic  TJriyA 
of  to-day,  his  ancestors  must  necessarily  have  been  the  pioneers  of 
their  race.  In  folk-wanderings,  however,  it  is  not  the  hardiest  or 
most  enterprizing  race  that  moves  first.  On  the  contrary,  when  the 
anceetral  homo  got  too  full  of  people  to  be  able  to  support  them 
all,  and  it  became  evident  that  some  must  go  elsewhere,  the  difficulty 
would  be  to  determine  wlio  should  be  the  victims  ;  and  that  diiB- 
culty  would  naturally  be  solved  by  kicking  out  tho  weakest  first. 
They  being  pressed  on  from  behind  by  continually  &esh-is&uing 
0warms  from  the  parent  hive,  would  in  the  end  be  tl riven  further 
and  further,  tUI  they  reached  the  extreme  limits  of  the  habitable 
area  at  their  disposal.  This  is  the  history  of  the  Celts  in  Europe 
and  the  ITpyas  in  India.     Having  reai^hed  the  head  of  the  Bay  of 


1870.] 


PtHieetdtnga  of  th  Asiatic  SmieUj* 


\W 


Bengal,  and  being  driven  on  constantly  by  Bengalis  in  their  rear, 
fuading  the  eastern  regions  closed  to  them  by  fierce  non -Aryan  tribesi 
it  must  have  been  to  them  a  great  relief  to  find  on  the  south  that 
long  narrow  strip  between  the  HjJla  and  tiie  Sea  wliidi  they  reuc^h- 
ed  across  the  forests  of  Midnapore  and  Hijli,  This  land  they  named 
the  "outljring  strip"  (^*f  out,  WW  ^  strip*),  or  vd«c|^  ^1^.  If  the 
above  suppositions  be  admitted,  as  I  think  they  wiJl  readily  bo,  it 
follows  that  the  Ufiyas  could  not  have,  as  our  Pandit  assumes, 
Dwed  their  language  from  Btnigali,  because  at  the  time  they 
ed  through  Bengal,  it  wa^  uninlmbited,  at  least  by  Aryans ;  and 
the  Bengalis  were  behind  them,  and  did  not  come  into  Bengal  tiE  the 
Ufiyas  had  left  it.  It  is  certain  that  as  early  as  the  8th  century, 
Hemachandra  knew  the  Utkali  or  Orfra  to  be  a  separate  foi^m  of 
Prakrit  from  the  Gauri  or  Bengali ;  and  we  need  not  at  present  seek 
a  higher  antiquity  than  this  to  establish  an  independent  language. 

I  am  not,  however,  desirous  of  laying  much  stress  on  the  his- 
torical side  of  the  argiuucnt  j  that  derived  from  the  intornal  struct- 
ure of  the  longnage  seems  to  me  conclusive. 

In  the  first  place  to  mention  is  to  refute  the  argument  that  be- 
cause in  any  modem  printed  work  in  Ufiya  sixty  words  out  of  a 
hundred  are  identical  with  Bengali,  therefore  they  are  not  twO| 
but  one  language.  The  same  argument  might  with  equal  justice 
be  applied  to  Mardthi. 

That  unnecessary  parade  of  learning  which  goes  among  us  by 
the  name  of  **  pedantry,"  has  never  struck  the  Indian  mind  as 
offensive  or  objectionable.  On  the  contraiy,  the  more  lung  and 
learned  words  an  autiior  can  cram  into  his  work,  the  greater  his  re- 
putation. In  the  search  for  these  gmquipednlia  verba ^  the  seven 
zuitions  of  the  Aryans  have  divided  into  two  camps.  In  the 
one  oamp  are  to  be  fouod  those  wlio  draw  from  Sanskrit,  in  the  - 
other  those  who  have  recourse  to  Arabic  and  Persian.  The  former 
are   the   Bengali,    Uriya,    and    MarAthi ;  the  latter  the    Hindi,f 


*  In  cluBsioal  Sanskrit  we  huTO  only  ^r^f|  fem,^  bnt  tbe  mnacuUne  mnst 
also  havQ  been  in  oae,  aa  is  sbewn  by  numerooB  forma  in  the  modem  lan- 
gtuig6a« 

t  I  one  the  word  Hindi  adTiaedly,  to  signify  thai  gre^t  langrfiflge  whioh,  when 
borrowing  largely  from  Arabio  is  culled  nlao  Uidu,  wUi«h  Aorne  infagnided 
people  would  wi^^b  to  regard  as  a  toparttte  Uittgunge, 


Paiijdbi  and  8mdhi,  ClnjaratihoYeris  between  the  two.  It  is^possi- 
ble  to  oonstruct  a  long  sentence,  nay  to  write  a  book  even,  in  Hindis 
Pemim,  Arabic,  and  Turkish,  in  which  sixty  per  cent,  of  the  words 
used  should  be  identieal,  because  borrowed  from  Arabic ;  yet  no  on© 
would  conclude  that  these  languages  were  connected.  Similarly  a 
book  may  be  written  in  Bengali,  Ufiya,  and  Marathi,  with  the  same 
proportion  of  identical  words,  and  yet  no  argument  could  be  thencd 
derived  for  or  against  the  conne*^tion  of  the  languages. 

The  fact  is  that  the  Sanskrit  words  so  largely  employed  by  pandits 
in  Bengal  and  Orissa^  are  not  living  words  at  all,  they  are  dead, 
dead  ages  ago,  and  only  now  galvanized  into  the  semblance  of  life ; 
they  form  no  part  of  the  real  working  stocJt  of  words  of  the  lan- 
guage. 'WHien  they  <Hed  ages  ago,  their  sons  inherited  their  plac^ 
and  now  their  grandsons  or  great-grandsons  hold  it.  In  plain  Eng- 
lish, such  Sanskrit  words  as  were  used  by  the  Unyas  and  Bengalis 
twenty-five  centuries  ago,  have  since  then  undergone  the  usual  fiate 
of  words,  and  have  been  corrupted,  abraded,  and  tlistortod,  till  ihej 
often  bear  no  resemblance  at  all  to  the  original  word.  And  it  is  these 
corrupted,  or  as  they  are  called  Tadbhava  woi-ds,  tltat  are  the  real 
living  words  of  the  language,  the  woi-ds  tliat  have  worn  into  their 
present  shape  by  long  use  in  the  mouths  of  the  people.  Thosd 
words  our  fastidious  wiiters  rejetit,  and  when  by  going  back  to  the 
8aji8krit  for  their  words,  they  have  composed  a  work  to  their  taste^ 
lo  !  they  say  Upya  and  Bengali  are  one  langiiage  ;  for  proof,  read 
such  and  such  works.  I  would  suggest  rather,  let  them  take  a  fh^a 
of  Dacca  and  a  ehdga  of  Gtrnisar,  and  see  how  much  they  understand 
of  one  another's  talk. 

In  the  grammatical  structure  of  the  Uriya  language,  we  see 
traces  of  a  very  well  defined  Prakrit  with  features  peculiar  to 
itself,  I  begin  with  the  verb  as  the  simplest  part  of  the  language, 
(in  this  ease  at  least). 

There  is  first  a  present  participle  in  u,  as  ektlUf  and  a  past  parti- 
ciple in  t,  as  chali ;  by  means  of  these  two  a  whole  string  of  com- 
pound tenses  are  formed,  thus — 

(  achhi         I  am  going 
I,    chain  j  thili  I  waa  going 

^  hobi  I  shall  be  going 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  19") 

/  achhi        I  have  gone 
n.     chali  I  thill  I  had  gone 

\  hebi  I  shall  have  gone. 

Then  there  is  a  series  of  three  simple  tenses  (which  ought  per- 
haps to  have  been  put  first). 

I.  mu  dekhi,  c^c,  I  see 
n.  mu  dekhili,  I  saw 
m.  mu  dekhibi,  I  shall  see. 

The  habit  of  using  the  plural  in  speaking  respectfully  to  others, 
and  of  one  self,  has  become  so  inveterate  that  the  original  proper 
sing^ar  of  the  verb  and  pronoun  has  been  rejected  from  the 
high-polite  style,  and  only  holds  its  own  among  the  common  people, 
that  is  to  say,  the  three  millions  of  uneducated  folk,  who  know  no 
better  than  to  speak  their  mother-tongue  as  they  find  it.  In 
literary  compositions,  the  plural  amAc,  turnkey  semdne  with  the 
plural  verbs  as  Martin,  Jcara,  karantiy  are  used  for  both  singidar  and 
plural,  and  in  the  grammars  hitherto  published,  those  forms  are 
given  in  the  text,  and  the  unfortunate  singidar  karainy  karUy  karai 
is  banished  to  a  note  as  *'  the  inferior  style ! !"  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  this  truly  prcD-scientific  treatment  of  the  language  will  not  be 
perpetuated  in  any  future  grammar. 

The  infinitive  ends  in  iha,  as  dsihd  to  come,  and  is  declined  liko 
a  noun,  just  as  the  Hindi,  and  aU  other  infinitives  in  the  seven 
languages. 

It  has  also  a  good  strong  form  for  the  conditional.     Thus — 

Singidar.  Plural. 

Mu  dekhi  thdnti  Amhe  dekhi  thantu 

Tu  deklii  thdutu  Tumlie  deklii  thant» 

8e  dekhi  tlidutd  Semune  deklu  thanto 

In  whi(;h,  as  in  the  Bengali  dckhitamy  wo  recognize  the  verb  ^yr 
Bthd^  but  in  tlie  Uriya  in  a  more  perfect  form  tlian  in  the  Ben- 
gali. 

As  another  instance  of  the  superiority  of  Uriya  in  the  matter 
of  preservation  of  the  Prakrit  and  Sanskrit  forms,  I  will  put  side 
by  side  the  simple  present  of  the  substantive  verb. 


1% 


Prt>eHdm0^  of  the  Awiatu  Socifiti/, 


[Jx 


Uriya*  Bengali. 

Sing.     Mil  acliha'm  {vulgo  achhi)  Mtii  aehhi 

Til  achhi  Ttii  dchhia 

8e  achhai  Se  fichko 

PI.         Amhe  aohhiiij  Anii  fichhi 

Tumhe  athlifi  Tumi  delihii 

Sem^ne  achhanti  Tini  dchhen 

I  suppose  the  Bengali  pandits  will  deny  my  nght  to  put  down  the 
first  three  forma  «rAi,  dchhis  and  achh€  as  real  singulars,  but  my 
time  for  fighting  them  on  that  point  has  not  yet  como  ;  any  how, 
it  18  easy  to  see  that  in  tichhai^  twhkanit\  respectively  we  have  pure 
Prakrit  and  Sanskrit  forms  in  perfect  preservation,  whereas  the 
Bengali  has  in  ita  aehke  and  achhen  gone  many  steps  further  down 
the  ladder  of  cori'uption.  In  the  Uriya  forms  achhain,  and  achhuQ 
we  have  better  representatives  of  the  quasi-Sanskrit  forms  acch&mi 
and  achh&mah  (for  the  classical  <3«7WMind  aitmah)  tlian  in  the  Bengali, 
which  has  only  an  ill-defiued  feebly  terminated  achki  for  both 
singular  and  plural.  In  fact  Bengali  is  singulai-ly  behind  all  the 
other  six  languages  in  its  verbal  terminations,  which  are  not  suiE- 
dently  definite  or  clearly  marked,  and  rejoice  in  short  indistinct 
vowels. 

Tlie  Uriya  verb  in  its  general  scheme  approaches  more  closely  to 
the  Hindi,  and  holds  a  respectable  place  among  its  sister  langriages, 
not  being  too  luxuriant  like  the  Gujarati,  nor  too  scanty  like  tlie 
Panjabi  j  and  with  a  regular  system  of  terminationfl,  in  which  respect 
it  is  superior  to  the  Marathi  and  Bindhi,  in  neither  of  which  do 
any  two  tenses  exactly  liarmonize,  and  in  which  the  troublesome  and 
unneeessary  element  of  gender  is  introduce.  As  might  be  expected 
from  the  comparative  peace  tliat  Orissa  has  enjoyed,  and  its  long 
immunity  from  foreign  aggression,  the  verb  has'preserved  tones  and 
traces  of  much  greater  anti<|uity  than  any  other  language  of  the 
group. 

This  air  of  antiquity  which  is  so  striking  and  pleasing  a  feature 
of  the  language,  is  well  illustrated  by  the  pronouns  which  may  be 
compared  to  advantage  with  any  of  the  others.  Thus  nmhe  is  pure 
Prakrit,  and  retains  the  ^,  which  has  licen  dropped  in  Bengali, 
The  Hindi  here  inverts  the  position  of  the  A,  nud  drops  the  final  e* 


ia7o.] 


Proceedings  of  th$  Asiatic  SQcitt^, 


19? 


ELttii,  though  retaining  the  h^  lengthens  the  first  vowel  and 
rhanges  the  0  to  f,  giving  dmhi,  Gujaratl  an\4^  or  kame^  Is  inter* 
mediate  between  TJriya  and  Hindi  ;  Panjabi  and  Sindhi  min  though 
older,  inasmuch  as  they  retain  the  ^  of  Skr.  lumah^  yet  w^a  less  perfect, 
inasmtich  as  they  drop  the  m. 

Without  going  through  the  whole  line  of  pronouns  which  would 
ke  too  mimh  space,  I  would  here  merely  call  attention  to  the 
tliat  of  all  these  forms,  Uriya  is  not  more  closely  allied  to 
than  to  any  of  the  other  aieter  languages ;  that  the  Uriya 
fbrm  iH  quite  as  genuine  a  descendant  of  the  Sanslcrit  as  any  of 
them ;  and  lastly  that  the  Uriya  form  having  retained  elements 
which  the  Bengali  has  lost,  it  is  absurd  to  say  that  the  former 
ts  derived  from  the  latter.  I  merely  give  the  second  person  as  an 
illustration  without  comment. 


n. 

g' 

occ. 

n. 

g- 

1 

Uriya  6ing. 

tu, 

tor, 

tote,  etc. 

PL 

tumho^ 

tunihar, 

Sec. 

Hindi 

tu. 

tera, 

tujh,  etc. 

PI. 

turn, 

tumh^li, 

&c» 

Bengali 

tui, 

tor. 

toke 

PL 

tumi, 

tomar, 

&0. 

llarathi 

tun, 

tiyha, 

tuj 

PL 

tuhmi, 

tumchd, 

&0. 

Panjabi 

tun, 

teri, 

tainuUf 

H. 

tusini 

tusatjlha, 

&0. 

Sindhi 

tun, 

tunhujc 

>,  tokUe, 

PL 

tav^in, 

*  tahvanjoj 

,  &0« 

Gujarati 

tun, 

taro, 

tune, 

PL 

tame, 

tamdro, 

&0. 

In  the  noun,  we  observe  the  usual  transition  from  the  synthetical" 
to  the   analytical   formation.     Here  too   there  is  considerable  ap- 
proximation to  Bengali  iu  some  respects,  though  it   will   be   seen 
that  there  is  equally  close  apprctximation  to  the  other  languages. 

The   accusative   proposition   ku    is   nearer   to   Hindi  ko  tlian  tol 
Bengali  h ;  and  the  likeness  is  strengthened  by  the  fact  that,  as  in 
Hindi,  hi  does  duty  for  the  dative  as  well. 

The  instruraeutal  exists  only  with  a  periphrastic  form  dwdrdj 
and  the  system  ofpmyo^m  or  eonstructions  haa  not  here  rec^eived 
that  fidl  and  perplexing  elaboration  that  ci>ustituto8  the  difficulty 
of  Hindi,  and  in  a  still  greater  degree  of  Marftthi, 

The  ablative  is  formed  by  the  postpoisition  iharu  (sthin  ru)  or 
aimply  ru  "  from,"  which  is  evidently  connected  with  the   sign   of 

•  AIbo  tabiij,  iiTliiu»  inxn  *c.  Tb©  want  of  a  jfood  litorary  atandard  of  apoU- 
iitg  IF!  IVfk  very  etrongty  in  till  the  sev&n  latigoago^,  notably  so  in  Siudhi. 


198 


Froccedingi  of  the  Asiatic  Sacietif. 


[Jl^ne, 


the  locative  th^e  or  r*  **  in  j"  and  Kaa  notHng  at  all  resembling 
it  in  tlie  otlier  tongues,  unless  ^^o  adduce  the  Bengali  re  of  the 
dative,  whiih,  h^^wever,  \&  probably  a  relic  of  the  Sanskrit  genitive 
<wry<i,  like  the  Marathi  dative  in  <m,  and  dates  from  the  Prakrit 
which  habituallj  confuses  the  two  cases.  I  think  it  probable  that 
in  the  TJriya  rw,  we  have  the  Sanskrit  ablative  dt^  whieh  betjomes  in 
Prakrit  ado,  and  ddu.  It  appears  to  have  been  cerebralized  into 
adu^  whence  ru.  The  locative  re  may  be  a  corruption  of  the  Prakrit 
termination  ^,  where  the  i  has  been  changed  to  r  as  in  Bengali, 
but  this  I  do  not  feel  sure  about. 

The  genitive  ends  in  or  after  a  consouant,  or  r  after  a  vowel, 
and  closely  corresponds  to  the  Bengali  in  this,  its  only  truly  inflec- 
tional  case. 

The  plural  is  formed  by  the  added  syllable  mdn^  or  mane^  (i.  e, 
**nimiber''),  just  as  in  Hindi  log  or  in  Bengali  yog.  Here  the 
genitive  comes  out  in  greater  clearness  as  fnanangkor^  where  the  sylla- 
ble ang  {a  with  anuawdra  originQlly,  though  now  written  KPIIFT)  is 
the  sign  of  the  neuter  of  a  Praki  it  form  WRT ;  this  shews  us  that 
the  sign  of  the  genitive  is  properly  k4r.  And  tliis  leads  to  a  curious 
and  unsuspected  connection.  In  an  article  on  the  Bhojpuri  dialect 
of  Hindi,*  I  shewed  that  there  was  reason  to  believe  that  the  ka  of 
the  Hindi  genitive  was  corrupted  from  a  form  mx^  or  perhaps  m, 
that  the  loss  of  the  ^  gave  us  tlie  Hintli  form,  while  on  tho  other 
hand,  the  rejection  of  i}\e  if  gave  us  the  Marwari  TT,  T,  ^,  and  tlie 
Panjabi  ^,  <^  <fl,  both  the  k  and  the  r  are  found  in  the  Bhojpuri 
pronominal  genitive  ^TT,  as  in  ikara  okerd  (iska,  uskd).  Now  hero 
again  we  have  from  the  other  side  of  India,  a  genitive  plural  in  kar^ 
the  k  of  which  is  rejected  in  the  singular,  but  retained  in  the  plural. 
We  must  thus  again  dissociate  Urlya  irom  its  neighbour  Bengali, 
and  tighten  the  links  which  connect  it  with  its  western  otmgeners, 
leaving  Bengali,  till  farther  rusearch  shall  have  been  made,  as  the 
solitary  instance  of  an  inflectional  genitive. 

There  is  thus  on  the  whole  vorj  little  in  the   declension  of  the 
noun  in  common  between  the  Uriya  and  its  fellows.     It  may  bo  in- 
teresting to  give  hero  in  one  view  all  Aie  seven  declensions.     It  will 
•  Journal  R.  A.  S.  voL  111,  p.  -iSd. 


I  $700 


Prf^emdrngn  of  the  Astatic  Soafify, 


1»9 


then  be  seen  that  Urija  is  a  perfectly  self-contained  and  independent 
member  of  tlie  family. 


1 

Hindi. 

SiDdhi. 

Gajariti, 

MuratliL 

CTHja. 

1 

m 

1 

& 

6eaitiTe« 

ka^keki, 

d^,  de. 

jo.jeja 

no,  ru\  tidn 

chd,  cbj^ 

(■; 

V 

di/liin, 

j^joji 

chen. 

[ 

ja.J*in 

clie,  ohytt» 

1 

jyuDj  jini 

oliiii. 

etc. 

Dative, 

ko 

uun 

khe        , 

[mate,    ar- 

ku 

*ere 

UieeiiLra]  | 

-re 

^ocasjitive, 

ko 

nun     1 

kbe         1 

ne 

kii 

-ke 

taU 

lie 

nui 

-i 

-e 

Coon,  -eii» 

[dwW] 

-te 

AblMire, 

ae,  ptir 

-tQ 

(khiiri,  te. 
i.  nun,  etc. 

tM,  thBki 

htin  'On 

haite 

IiOCfttire^ 

umi} 

vioh 

meii, 

min 

•ao  4n 

t..«.j 

te 

All  the  genitives,  oxeept  Uriya  and  Bengali,  are  declined  to  agree 
vith  the  governed  noun ;  in  Siuclhi,  the  number  of  farms  arises 
from  a  de&ire  to  enable  the  governing  noun  to  agree  with  each  cai<e 
and  gender  of  the  governed ;  which  is  not  thought  necessary  in  the 
other  languages. 

If  we  x^ass  on  to  the  question  of  tlie  phonetics  of  the  language,  we 
find  some  more  curious  particulars. 

Geographiottl  jumition  seems  to  have  some  influence  here.  While 
Panjabi  and  Siadhi  in  the  extreme  west  exhibit  a  tendon»]7  to 
employ  always  short  vowels  and  closed  syllables,  Bengali  in  tlie  ex- 
treme east  prefers  long  vowels  and  open  syllables,  while  Iliudi  in 
the  centre  holds  a  middle  place,  neither  too  prone  to  lengthen  nor 
tu  hhorten  ;  and  this  is  a  standard  by  which  to  measure  the  other 
languages,  Marathi  again,  which  lies  due  south  of  Hindi,  and  iA 
al^o  B<imewhai  <jeniral^  being  neither  very  far  to  the  west,  nor  to  tlie 
ea^t|  exhibits  the  same  centrality  as  Hindi  with  which  it  generallj 
agrees  in  the  quantity  of  its  vowels.  Oujarati  is  njore  prone  tal 
shorten  than  Marathi^  and  less  so  than  Siudlii.  Thus  we  get  in 
fact  a  regular  gTadution  from  west  to  east.  The  more  westerly 
a  language  is  in  situation,  the  greater  its  tendency  t^  short 
Towels    and    closed    syllables,  and   as  you  go   fxirther  ea^t  by 


200 


I\'orreflin^H  of  tht  AninUp  8(*€iftty* 


[JtrjTK, 


iltf{^r&e&y  the  loijg  vcjwel  and  tkt^  open  syllable  become  more  and 
more  prominent,  till  tliey  reach  their  extreme  developement  in 
Beng^ali.  Now  iu  this  Bchenie,  IJriya  holds  exaetly  the  place  wo 
should  expect.  Lying  iu  tht*  same  parallel  of  longfitude  a^i  Behar,  itss 
phonetic  system  precisely  corresponds  with  that  of  eastern  Hindi, 
and  is  eonpoqiiently  less  prone  to  long  vowels  than  Bengali.  North 
and  south  have  uo  intlueuio  in  this  matter,  it  is  only  west  and  east 
that  we  have  to  consider,  and  Orls&a  tliough  south  is  also  entirely 
west  of  the  Bengali  area*     A  few  examples  may  bo  given  : 

Skr.  mf  good,  becomes  in  all  thft  langiiagus  M^  ;  a^  in  II.  P.  M. 
and  S.  liWT  O.  H%1,  ^,  m  but  B,  irr^.  Her*f  JJ.  has  v;^  as  in  H. 
and  the  rest. 

Skr*  mFi'9  hungry.  Here  as  compon*4ation  for  the  loss  of  the  ^, 
the  ^  is  aspirated  to  ^,  and  the  preuediog  vowel  lengthened  into 
^  in  all  the  languages  except  P.  and  8.,  which  exhibit  \{9\  and  M^^ 
respetjtively.  Unya  here  has  a  guna  form  ^Tir»  concerning  whieh 
I  shall  speak  below. 

Skr.  ^[IT  to  sting.  All  the  other  languages  retain  the  short  vowol^ 
though  they  cerebralize  the  initial  ^,  Bengali  alone  lengthens  it 
to  wf^.     Uriya  in  ^K^  retains  the  vowel  in  its  proper  quantity, 

Skr.  ^U,  Prakr  ^'  ;  as  compen-sation  for  rejecting  one  H,  the 
other  languages  lengthen  the  vowel  and  have  ^\f{  P.  and  S.  stick 
to  the  short  vowel  and  liave  ^Tf. 

So  in  ?rw  a  tent,  tlie  derivation  of  whieli  is  obeeure,  Bengiili 
alone  h^is  WT'?.  Urija  a^-ees  with  the  others  in  retaining  the 
uhort  vowel. 

ijt^  bitter,  becomes  in  all  iflw  except  P.  8.  and  G.  which  have 
f%1RT  fffi?  and  ftf^  respectively. 

In  another  point,  Uriya  is  in  a  different  camp  from  Bengali 
The  three  southern  languages  Gujorati,  Mara  tin  and  Uriya  de- 
light in  g^ma  vowels,  in  places  where  the  other  languages  use  the 
pure  vowels* 

Again  the  Uriya  agrees  with  Marathi  in  preferring  a  dental 
to  a  cerebral,  whereas  the  wosteru  languages  and  peculiarly 
Sindhi  cerebralize  the  Sannkrit  dental  unnecessarily.  This  pecu- 
liarity rests  upon  very  deep  bases  and  would  take  a  long  time  to 
work  out.     Thus  U.   G.  and  M«  have  i|<9T  cold,  whore  the  otlier 


I  rem 


1870,  J  Prnct^edinijB  af  (M  Mmtf'e  Sotirf^.  201 

langiiiigea  liavo  W4?i,  and  Bongali  m  uaual  a  wvmi  (tho  derivation 
IB  not  oertain,  but  it  is  pnibablj  from  an  old  part  pass,  of  m^  te 
he  firm,  meaning  eongtsalt^d  as  ice  or  coutraetod  by  imld  as  tho 
htiniaxi  body). 

I  hav^  done  here  little  more  than  point  out  the  line  of  argument 
which  Bhouldi  in  my  opinion,  be  followed  in  cases  of  this  aort. 
I  wish  particularly  to  urgo  tinvt  no  resimrchos  into  any  one  of  the 
fteven  languages  can  be  eonaidorwcl  fomplote  or  satisfactory  which 
do  not  eml>race  the  whole  seven,  because  they  are  so  closely 
connected,  and  mulnnlly  bIuhI  such  light  on  each  other,  that  the 
renaonfi  for  their  developement  and  for  the  forms  they  oxliibit  in 

oderti  times,  depend  upon  laws,  whose  operation  ia  universal^ 
not  be  traced  in  one  member  only  of  the  group. 
Much  more  may,  of  eourse,  be  said  on  tliis  subject ;  in  fact  a 
t4)h»rnbly  largo  book  might  be  wi-itten  on  it,  Unfi>rtunately  such 
a  bouk  could  only  be  written  by  a  resident  of  the  province,  as  no 
respectable  grammar  or  dictionary  of  the  language  lias  yet  been 
published  ;  and  as  tJiere  are  few  persons  in  Orisaa   who  are  com- 

etent  to   take  np  the  enquiry  and  work  it  out  fully,  we  cannot 
t  to  see  a  good  answer  to  Bdbu  Kanti  Chandra^s  book 
yet  awhile. 

Bdba  Bdjendralala  Mitra  offered  the  following  remarks 
on  Mr.  Beames'  '*  Notes  on  the  relation  of  the  UriyA  to  the 
other  modem  Arj^an  languages." 

I  happened  to  be  present  at  a  meeting  of  the  Cuttnck  Debating 
Club,  in  December,  1868,  when  a  paper  was  read  on  Patriotism, 
In  the  discussion  which  followed,  I  was  asked  to  take  a  part,  and  in 
the  course  of  my  romai-ks  on  the  injury  which  false  patriotism  or 
an  insensate  love  for  every  thing  that  is  national,  causes  to  real 
I  |K>inte«l  out  the  injury  whit'h  was  being  inflicted  on  tlio 
Iriyi  ra^^^e  by  tlicir  attachment  to  a  provincial  patois,  which  they 
wished  to  exalt  into  a  distinct  language.  The  view  I  took  of  tho 
question  was  new  to  the  people,  and  very  wai*m  discussion  has  ever 
since  been  kept  up  in  the  dubs,  newspapers  and  the  o facial  eorrt*- 
epondence  of  tiie  province,  and  the  little  brochure  which  forms  the 
subject  of  Mr.  B  e  a  m  0  s*  paper  and  tho  paper  itself,  are  amongst  it* 


202 


P^e^idmgi  0/  tJi^  Aniaiie  Soeiettf. 


[  JinvEp ' 


oat  promment  results.    Party  feeling  now  runs  high,  and  I  am  told 
that  more  than  one  libel  case  has  been  instituted  in  connexion  with  tho 
subject*  The  main  question  being  purely  philological,  it  is  notremerk- 
able  that  80  distinguished  a  labourei'  iu  that  field  of  science  as  l^Ir. 
B  G  a  m  e  Sf  should  come  forward  to  take  a  part  in  its  discussion.  Hia  I 
paper  is  liighly  interesting,  and  I  am  dolighted  to  hoar  of  a  com- 1 
parative  grammar  of  the  Indian  vernaculai's  from  his  able  pen,     I ' 
must  say,  however,  that  he  has  done  an  injustice  to   the  author  of 
kia  text  in  describing  tho  little  work  as  "profoundly  destitute  of  J 
|)hilological  arguineata.*'     No  doubt  Pandit  Kdntiohandraisj 
not  very  familiar  with  the  modt3rn  Europeaa   works    on    philology,! 
and  his  mode  of  treating  his  subject  will  be  found  to  differ  from  the  I 
course  followed  in  similar  caseA  by  European  authors,  but  bearing 
in  mind   the   language   (Bengali)   in   which   he   has   written   tho  ' 
book,  and  the  people  for   whom   he  has  designed   it,  I   must  say 
that  he  has  displayed  considerable   tact  and  talent.     My  testimony 
will,  perhaps,  not  be  of  mui^h   worth,  I  wiftli,  therefore,  to  give  a 
brief  resum^  of  his  work,  in  order  that  the  meeting  may  be  in  a 
position  to  judge  ftir  itself .     The  Jirst  three  chapters  of  the  work 
ii'eat  of  the  origin  of  the  dilTerout  vernaculars  now  current  in  India, 
and  the  causes  which  h  are  lead  to  theu-  formation.     The  author 
then  defines  the  natural  boundary  of  Bengal  and  Orissa,  and  in  tho  j 
next  chapter  entors  upon  the  main  sulgect  of  his  essay,  the  aimlli- 
tude  between  the  Bengali  and  the  Uriyd  languages.     This  he  dooal 
by  quoting  passages  of  Uriya  £i*ora  diverse  sources,   and  comparing  I 
then  with  Bengali.     Uriy^  vocablwa  form  the  subject  of  liis  next  ' 
chapter,  aod  he  there  shows  that  the  ordinary  elements  of  Bengali 
speech  are  all  cm*rent  in  the  Prorinoo  of  Orissa,   either  intact  or  I 
under  some  modiiication  or  other.     lu  the  eighth  chapter  is  brought  ' 
under  reviow  the  grammatical  apparatus  of  Uriyd,  its   declensions, 
gender,  number,  case  and  conjugation.     Chapters  next  foUow  on  I 
songs,  proper  naTnes,  manners  and  customs,  dictionaries  and  alpha-! 
betH,  which  go  a  groat  way  to  shew  that  the  bulk  of  tho  Uri^ii  raca  j 
does  not  differ  from  tho  Bengali ;  and  the   work  is  brought  to  a  j 
ooWusion  with  some  very  portinont  remarks  on  the  injustice   and 
impropriety  of  cutting  oif  the  Urij4s  lioni  the  Bengali  by  artificial  j 
burricra  undor  the  i^ame  of  education. 


mo.] 


Proccttlings  cf  th  AmtUlc  Siteiely. 


203 


Ono  great  mistako  which  ritiates  the  wliole  course  of  the  Pan<)it^a 
arguments,  m  the  assamx^tion  that  the  Calcutta  Yemacular  of  this 
eoaitury  is  the  purest  fonu  of  Bengali,  and  evory  thing  that  dilTers 
from  it,  is  the  result  of  corruption.  Mr*  B  e  a  m  e  a  makes  a  similar 
mustako  by  instituting  his  comparison  with  tho  Bengali  of  today, 
Oirerlookin^  altogetlier  that  the  separation  between  the  TJriyds  and 
tlin  Bengalis  most  have  taken  phiue  many   centuries   ago,  and  that 

,  to  mmve  at  a  coireci  conclusion  as  to  the  origin  of  the  Uriy^  Ion- 
its  relation  to  Bengali,  we  should  take  up  the  two  lon- 
[  as  they  existod  at  the  time  of  their  separation  and  not  as 
thfij  wdst  now.  Any  how,  I  must  say  that  there  is  a  great  deal  in 
tho  Pandit's  bonk  which  deserves  careful  examination^  and  it  woidd 
hftve  been  of  some  advantage  had  Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  s'  reply  noticed  them 
ill  detail,  instead  of  disnussingtho  whole  work  with  a  single  disparag- 
ing remark*  It  would  require  more  time  than  I  can  command  at 
Oil  ij:,  to  review  the  historical  q^ue.^tion  as  to  tho  manner  in 

wii  I  was  peopled  by  tho  A r vans,  but  I  sLaU^  with  your  per- 

tniflsion,  Mr.  Chairman,  notice  some  of   the  salient  points  in  the 
pb"'   '      *     1  portion  of  Mr  B  e  a  m  e  s'  paper. 

1^1    _       argvmient  of  the  Pundiit  is,  that  TJrij^  compositions  read 
rery  like  Bengali  that,    a  few  phonetic  peculiarities  excepted, 

"thoy  may  be  mistaken  for  Bengali,  and  are  easily  understood  l)y 
the  people  of  Bengal,  ignorant  of  the  ITriya  language  j  aud  such 
being  the  case  it  must,  he  argues,  follow  that  the  two  languages  ore 
very  intimately  connected.  To  prove  this,  he  has  quoted  passages 
from  some  Unyi  works  and  compared  them  with  Bengali.  Mr. 
B  6  a  m  e  s  accounts  for  their  similitude  by  assuming  that  the  bulk 
of  the  vocables  in  them,  mast  be  the  result  of  pedantry,  which  make 
I  Uriyd  and  the  Bengali  both  resort  largely  to  Sanskrit  words 
terms.  He  then  goes  somewhat  out  of  his  way  to  make  out 
that  pedantry,  "  so  objectionable  and  offensive  to  Englishmen,*'  is 
an  **  especial  favourite  of  the  Indian  mind.*'  Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  a,  however, 
does  not  appear  to  be  in  a  position  to  sit  as  an  impartial  judge  in 
Uie  matter.  To  decide  the  question  of  excessive  pedantry  in  any 
particular  set  of  bouk?,  the  judge  mw^i  be  familiar  with  the  litera- 
ture of  the  langtmge,  both  modern  nad  ancient  in  which  it  oprtirs, 
otherwise  what  may  appear  pedantry  to  onei  may  bu  the  peculiarity 


204 


Procndin^B  of  ihf  Anatic  S&oioiff. 


[Jvsn, 


of  the  langttage  under  notice.  The  Mavihler  alone  cannot  decide 
that  the  language  in  which  it  is  written  ib  Johnsonese,  and  not 
English.  In  the  same  way  eallsthenic  oorsetfi  and  trichoaaron* 
for  bodices  and  hair  brushes  may  appear  pedantic  to  a  foreig'aer 
like  me,  but  if  they  occur  in  the  ereiy-day  language  of  fa-shionabla 
English  ladies,  they  cease  to  be  so.  The  oxtj-acta  g^iven  by 
the  Pandit  are  taken  from  standard  books  in  every-day  use  in  the 
schools  of  Oiissa,  and  to  dismiss  them  by  branding  them  as  pedan- 
tio  is,  in  my  humble  ox>inion,  altogether  to  beg  the  question  at 
issue.  It  is  doubtless  true  that  the  prodominanco  of  any  particular 
class  of  words  in  any  piece  of  widting  cannot  decide  the  t^haracrter 
of  a  language,  but  in  the  Uriyd  over  ninety  per  cent,  of  its  Tocablea 
are  Sannkrit,  or  corruptions  of  Sanskrit,  and  thuise  corruptions  haro 
taken  the  same  turn  whith  corruptions  in  Bengali  have  done,  and 
appear  to  bo  the  results  of  the  same  lawa  of  decay  and  regeneration 
which  have  produced  the  Bengali  language. 

The  crucial  test  wliich  Mr,  B  e  a  m  e  s  suggests  is  *'  to  place  toge- 
ther a  chtisd  of  Dacca  and  a  chdai  of  Gumsur,  and  to  seo  how  mucJi 
they  understood  of  each  other*9  talk/'  The  result  of  this  experiment 
would  probably  go  against  the  Pandit.  But  the  samo  experiment 
tried  between  a  cockney  and  a  farm  labourer  in  Yorkshire  would 
in  the  same  way,  I  fancy^  decide  the  fate  of  Englisli  in  the  two 
places.  Eor  my  pai-t,  though  anativeof  Bongjil  for  the  last  four  and 
twenty  generations,  I  would  bo  sorry  to  face  a  c/iM  from  Comil- 
lah  if  the  issue  was  to  decide  whether  wo  could  understand  each 
other  through  the  medium  of  our  common  language,  the  Bengali* 
The  fact  is,  that  local  peculiarities  of  pronunciation  do  not  consti- 
tute language,  and  therefore  no  notice  should  be  taken  of  them  in 
deciding  questions  of  linguistic  classification.  My  Lord  Bundreaiy 
mriy  **  thee  a  thua  thow^jent  thwiming  on  the  but  horn  of  the  thea," 
but  no  philologist  will  be  bold  enough  to  spy  in  it  a  sistcir  language 
of  the  Englidi. 

The  first  subject  treated  by  Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  s  in  regard  to  the  gram- 
mar of  the  Uriya  language,  is  conjugation,  but  the  oonipai'ison  luiv- 
Ag  been  made  with  the  Bengali  as  revised  and  ret^ast  by  our  indi- 
geuouE  writers  within  the  lu«t  fifty  years  or  so,  the  residt  is  very 
dilTerent   fi.'om  what  the  Pandit  ha-s  arrived  at.     The  ojtamplos  lio 


i 


1870.] 


JProeeedin^qa  of  the  Asiatic  Society, 


20.> 


\  quoted,  thoagH  tmconmion  in  modem  Bengali,  are  not  forr^ign  to 

It ;  ehedu^  for  instancoi  as  a  present  particix>le  and  its  eompoundH  are 

not  alti><i^t>tli€r  unknown.  But  four  centuritjs  ago,  Govinda  I>^sa, 

\n  Beiigali  poet,  u^ed  it  and  its  cognate  forms  almost  to  the  oxdusion 

of  all  others.     Thue  ho  says — 

SflfSiJ  f^f\  1%^^  ^«l  f*1"ftl5l 
Again  :    '^f<^^  wf*f  ^T^  ^^  *Tf%  i 
In  another  place  dlsH^Sf-^fSt  C^S  jft  (M^.  I 
Of  the  second  form  chali^  we  have  innuraorablo  instances  in  old 
[work^i  and  even  in  the  [joetry  of  this  centmy.     Dekhi  and  dthhili  aro 
likewise  common,  and  in  the  mouths  of  the  commou  pooplo  the  only 
I  forms  in  use.    The  Uriyd  future  dcMihiis  in  Bengali  dckhibef  but  the 
change  is  so  slight  that  I  do  not  think  il  would  justify  our  attrihuting 
lit  to  an  iiidepemlant  parentage.     In  the  oonditional  or  subjuuL'tive 
I  past  dekhi'thdfiH^  Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  s  recognises  a  more  perfect  form  than 
I  the  Bengali  dekhitam^  but  hud  he  taken  up  the  true  Bengidi  condi- 
tional dekhiyd  thakitdm^  hti  would  have  found  that,  with  the  extuption 
of  the  nasal  mark,  the  two  are  closely  alike,  and  fonmed  in  either  case 
[with  tlie  help  of  the  auxilllary  verb,  »ihd.  Of  the  twcdve  forma  of  the 
[  verb  achha^  ac/ichi,  achhdi,  uckho^  achhiM^  achJw^  achhi^  achhm^  &c.,  nine 
I  are  Bengali  and  only  three  forms,  aehhan^  nMmn  and  aMtanti,  aro 
new.  Of  these  the  laat  is  by  far  the  oldeat.  It  shews  a  lingering  of  tho 
I  Sanskrit  affix  anti.     According  to  tho  ridea  of  tho  Prakrit,  JSanskrit 
I  compound  consonants  drop  one  of  them  and  lengthen   the   proceed- 
ing vowel,  and  accordingly,  wo  find  in  Bengali  the   /*  dropped  and 
n  preceded  by  a  long  vowel  as  in  uchhfn= to  Uriya  achhanii, 
I  elision  of  the  ti  i^  altogether  modern.     I  tlxink  in  old    Bengal! 
'  tho  aihjc  occulta   in  its   full  form  of  anti^  though  I  cannot  just  now 
recall  to  memory  any  instance  in  proof  of  it.     Tho  Faridit   says   he 
too  has  met  witli  it,  but  ho  has  given   no  example.     Another  mark- 
ed peculiarity  in  Uriyd  is,  the  separation  of  the  base  Brom  the  affix, 
a$»  in  Kant  achhi  and  their  compounds.     In  Bengali  they  ai*e  united 
according  to  the  rules  of  Sandhi — Karidchhi ;  but  this  is  not  a  matter 
worthy  of  any  remark,  so  I  shall  pass  it  by . 

Of  pronoims  Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  s  hfis  given  an  elaborate  analysis,  tak- 
ing hiis  examples  IVom  the  Bengali,  Uriy^,  Marhatt^,  Hindi,  Punjabi, 
Sindhi  and  Uuzeratl ;  but  the  result  la  not  aatiBfootory.     He  has 


206 


Procfifidingu  of  the  Aiiaiio  Society, 


[JlTNISil 


taken  one  example  from  each  language,  and  that  from   books,  and 
they  ai'e  not  suflB.eient  for  a   fair   comparison  of  Uring,    epoken 
languiiges.     What  is  wanted  is  a  full  survey  of  the  various  forms  of  J 
the  pronoun  current  in  each  province,  and  for  that  imrpose  a  deeper  I 
knoTivlwdge  of  the  languages,  both  ancient  and  modern,  and  in  their  J 
colloquial  and  written  forms,  ia  required,  than  what  I  can  pretend  1 
possess.     As  regards  tlie  Bengali  and  the  Uriyd^  however,  I  may  sayl 
that  in  /«.,  /wi,  tUt*^  tumitr,  &e.,  there  is  close  analogy  with  Bengali*  | 
Amhe  and  iumhe^  often  pronounced  amhhe  and  tumhhe^   are  no  doubt 
peculiar ;   but  the  change  has  been  brought  on  in  Bengali  since  its 
sepai'ation  fi'om,  or  rather  the  birth  of  Uriyd,  and   its   cause   is  ^d 
peculiar  cockney  ism  of  dropping  the  aspirate* 

I  shall  now  notice  the  declehaion  of  nouns.     Mr.  B  e  a  m  o  s'  «ur*1 
vey  leads  him  to  theconulusion  that  five  oat  of  the  six  cases  are  differ- j 
eat.    The  very  reverse^  however,  appears  to  me  to  be  the  fact    lal 
the  Sanskrit,  the  nominative  is  formed  in  most  theme;^  by  the  addi- 
tion of  an  «.     In  a  sister  langnage,  the  Latin,  the  same  rule  obtains 
to  a  great  extent,  but  in  the  derivatives  of  the  Latin  and  the  8anski*it, 
we  tiud  the  mark  in  some  cases   changed  to  o,  and  in  others  altoge- 
tlier  omitted.     Li  Italian  and  Spanish  we  have  o,  as  oceMo   and  &jo 
from  the  Latin  oeuitUt  but  in  the  language  of  the  Troubadours,  in 
Provencal  and  in  French  the  mark  is  omitted-    In  India»  the  Pun-  ] 
jabi  and  the  Marwari  retain  the  o^  but  all  the  others  drop  it.     The 
result  is,  that  the  auminative   is  alike   both  in  tho  Uriya  and  the 
Bengali* 

Tho  mark  of  the  accusative  singular  in  Latin  and  Sanskrit  is  m, 
but  in  most  of  the  languages  derived  from  them,  it  is  dropped*  So 
is  the  case  both  in  Uriya  and  Bengali.  This  rule  is,  however,  not 
imilbrmly  observed  ;  and  sometimos  the  place  of  the  m  is  supplied 
by  the  syllable  ku,  in  Uriya,  and  Xu,  in  Bengali,  and  to  trace  tiieir 
origiu,  1  must  refer  the  meeting  to  my  jiapers  on  the  Gathii  and  tho 
Hindi  ditdects,  where  I  have  shown  that  tu  overcome  the  intricacies 
of  the  Sanskrit  declension,  it  was  usual  with  the  scalds  of  ancient 
India  to  convert  themes  of  various  terminations  to  one  form  by  affixing 
an  expletive  i*,  and  to  mai*k  the  elision  of  case-afBxes,  the  usual  rule 
was  to  add  a  w,  which  together  make  ku.  In  written  Bengali,  the  kn 
chuuges  into  h  ;  but  in  the  spoken  language,  in  some  districts,  the  ku 


ia7o.] 


JPtoeeedtn^g  nf  the  Asiatic  Socieitj^ 


207 


still  retuias  ite  position,  and  wo  need  not^  therefore,  take  it  to  bo  ft 
serious  difficulty  in  the  way  of  the  iiihliation  of  the  Uriya  dialuet. 
^e  dative  is  in  most  instances  a   counterpart  of  the  aocusatiyei 
ftd  so  is  it  in  Uriy4  and  Bengali. 

'  III  Sntton*»  Uriyii  grammar^  the  sign  of  the  instrumental  is  ie.  It 
k  the  same  in  Bengali,  and  that  cjise  in-  the  two  languages  may 
tlierofore  lie  taken  as  IdentleaUy  the  .Htmio.  Mr  B  e  a  in  o  s,  however, 
doHd  not  notice  this  mark,  and  gives  dvard  ;  but  that  form  ortm-s  more 
lrec|uently  in  Bengali  than  te,  and  consequently  the  argument  is 
not  at  all  altered. 

The  ablative  in  ancient  and  spoken  Bengali,  is  formed  by  tlie  addi- 
tion* of //{<?>£«?,  a  compound  of  the  verb  if^/rti,  with  the  expletive  k  already 
adverted  to  inconiiexion  with  tlie  accusative-  In  Uri^'^,  it  is  formed 
with  tlie  sUme  auxiliary  verb  and  the  mark  of  elision  u  =  (haru  : 
a  later  improvement  haii  dropped  the  verb  and  retained  only  ru, 
Mr.  Beamed  admits  the  genitive  to  be  alike  In  Uriya  and  Bongali| 
►  I  Tioed  gay  notliing  about  the  origin  of  the  sign  for  that  ease. 
^The  locative  in  Sanskrit  is  e,  and  in  Uriya  and  Bengali  we  have 
exactly  the  some  fonn — hUe  li'om  hUa  a  hand.  But  there  are  other 
forms  likewise  curront,  thus  we  have  te  in  hdtete  in  Bengali,  and 
hitare  and  hHere  in  Uriyd ;  but  the  last  is  not  peculiar.  In  the 
Chandi^  a  Bengali  book  about  thtee  centurieti  old,  we  iiud  the  pas- 
sage C<5WTC«n  ^^R  C^C^  C^WKJ  ^Iwf^,  and  in  the  dialects  nf 
Sylhet  and  Caohar  the  /r  form  is  the  only  one  in  use.  In  the  spoken 
language  of  Uneca,  it  likewise  occurs  very  frequently. 

The  vocative  is  aliko  iu  both  the  languages ;  and  so  we  have  in 
eeven  out  of  eight  casjej*,the  two  languages  to  correspond  very  closely, 
and  in  one  only  (the  fifth)  to  diiicr  but  slightly. 

The  plural  in  Bengali  is  formed  very  differently  under  different 
circimistunces ;  but  mostly  by  the  addition  of  a  noim  or  adjective  of 
multitude  j  such  as,  ya«»,  A<f/y*f,  chafja^  aakala^  sarbii,  &c.  &e.  lu 
Uriyd,  there  is  more  fixity  in  the  rule,  and  the  word  niimcc,  for 
weight  or  measure,  is  generally,  though  not  uniformly,  employed : 
the  use  of  that  word,  however,  i»  not  imkuown  in  Bengali^  and  the 
Pan<Jit,  whose  Ixwik  Mr,  Beamed  hoa  reviewed,  has  given  eoveral 
instances  of  it  £nmi  old  Bengali  workn.  On  the  other  hand,  tlio  Ben- 
gali pliLTtd  murk  iiabft  is  also  li-oquently  iD&cd  in  i^jpokon  Uriya,  and 


208 


FroaedingB  ef  tJw  Amite  SociH^f, 


[Ju:rE, 


such  pIirasGs  m  gitchha  9aha  ka^iphtUU  ;hka  mha  thiU^BTQ  yery common* 
Tliese  facts,  I  trust,  will  shew  that  the  Urij'i,  iustoad  of  being  a 
**  self-contained  and  indftpendiant  uaQniber  of  the  Aryan  Indian  ver- 
Daculara,"  is  most  closely  and  intimately  connected  with  the  Bengali^ 
and  the  Pau<Jit  has  very  good  reasons  to  take  it  to  be  a  daughter 
and  not  a  sister  of  the  vernacular  of  thia  province.  The  exact  rela- 
tionship may  be  reversed  j  but  even  a  cursory  glance  at  the  old 
literatiu'es  of  tlie  two  languages  bIu?w  them  to  have  been  at  one  time 
one,  and  their  difTeronoee  to  be  due  to  later  or  modeni  growth. 

Mr.  B  e  a  ni  0  s  has  devoted  a  good  portion  of  his  paper  to  the  dia* 
cuBBion  of  Uriya  phonetics.    .But  they  caU  for  no   remark*     It  has 
not  been  denied  by  the  Pandit,  and  no  body  will  venture  to  gainsay, 
that  Uriy^   pronuDciation  is  ditfei'ent  from   that   of  Bengal.     The 
question  is,  are  tht>y  such  as  to  justify  oiu*  taking  the   Uriyik  to  be 
an  independant  language  ?  and  I  maintain  that  the  fihonetics  of 
the  two  dialects  do  not  suiHoo  to  solve  it.     In  an  excellent  paper  on 
tho  Bhojpuri  dialetft,  Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  s  has  shewn  that,  notwithstand- 
ing raueh  graver  dilferences  in  glossology   and  grauimai'^ — in  deden- 
Bion  and  conjugation, — in  pronouns  and  the  degrees  of  compai-ison,— 
in  adjectives  and  conjunctiuns — than    what    obtmug   in  Uriyd  and 
Bengali,  the  Bhojpuri  is  a  dialect  of  the  Hindi ;  and  by  a  parity  of 
reasoning,  I  expect  he  will  admit  tHe  TJriya,  in  a  like  manner,  to  bo 
a  daughtf^r   of  the  Bengali.     Phonetic  peculiarities  such  as  he  has 
noticeJ,  and  sut^h  as  may  be  muUii>Uod  ad  hiUniium^  do  not  constitute 
language,  and*  therefore  do  not  affect  the  question  at  issue  in  anj? 
TFay.     I  liave  no  doubt  that  every  member  hero  present  will  bear 
me  out  when  I  say  that   such   pecubaiities  exist  in  almost  every 
eounty  in  Knglaud^  but  they  do  not  sulfice  to  divide  the  English 
language  into  a  number  of  sistor  dialects.     In  the  districts  of  Ben- 
gal, we  have  tho  same  peculiarity  in  even   a  more  marked    dcgree. 
I  well  remember  a  remark  of  the  late  K6]ll  of  Krisliuanagar  who 
onoe   tofd  me  that  hia  pronunciation  must  be   more  correct  thaa 
mine,  because  his  district  was  once  the  seat  of  government,    and  he 
had  therefore  every  right  to  lay  down  the  law  in  such  cases.     To 
put  this  more  clearly*  I  beg  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  meeting  to 
a  comparative  table  (Yide  p*  215)  which  I  once  prejiared  to  illustrate 
the  difforencea  of  the  Ori^sa^  the  Calcutta  and  tho  Dacca  dialects. 


IBTO-] 


tin^9  of  thif  AsMie  8<)w^y. 


209 


'  Til**  first  oolumn  in  it  contains  the  fii'st  two  paragraphs  of  an  article  in 
wltieli  the  editor  of  the  Utkala  Dtpika  ei)nd»:nuued  my  theory  ahout  the 
Bengali  origin  of  Uriy4;  they  contain  just  142  words  of  whiah  137 

I  Bengali  or  derived  from  Bengali,  and  o  are  Eiighah. '  The  trans- 
lion  of  this  in  Bengtdi  in  the  second  column  contains  144  words, 
of  which  none  diifers  radiofllly  from  the  Uriyi,  but  fifty-six  have 
some  phonetic  or  grammatical  peculiarity  or  other.  Li  the  thiitl 
column  is  given  a  version  of  it  in  the  spoken  language  of  Dacca, 
prejiared  by  a  resident  of  that  district,  B^bu  RamakumAr 
Bose,  DejMity  Mugintrate  of  the  24-Purgimnah.H.  It  contains 
1*16  words,  of  which  47  are  diflorent  from  the  Bengali.  Tlius 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  Dacnia  dialect  differs  nearly  as  much 
from  the  Bengali  as  the  Uriya  does,  iu  sound.  If  I  had  timo 
to  get  translatiuus  of  the  Uriya  extract  prepared  in  the  spokeu 
dialects  of  Comillah,  Bylhet,  As^iam  or  Coch  Behar,  I  could 
liave  easily  shewn  that  thuy  differ  fiilly  as  much  from  the  Bengali 
in  their  phonetics  and  grammar,  as  Joes  the  Uriyd.  But  I  euppuso 
ihey  are  not  wanted.  The  table,  as  it  stands,  shews  clearly  enough 
the  relation  which  the  Unyd  bears  to  Bengali,  No  one  who  knows 
the  language  of  the  middle  columu,  can  read  the  other  two  witliout 
the  conviction  that  they  contain  Bengali  luattor  badly  written. 
And  such  being  the  case,  I  cannot  but  repeat  the  assertion, 
that  the  Uriyd  is  more  closely  related  to  Bengali  than  the  other 
yemaculars  of  India,  and  that  the  relationship  most  probably  is  that 
of  mother  and  daughter  and  not  of  two  idsters,  .Aud  if  this 
be  admitted,  it  must  follow  that,  as  in  ComiUah,  Assam,  Sylhet, 
and  Coch  Behor,  so  in  Orissa,  oditratifin  should  be  conducted  in 
Beogtdi  and  not  in  Um^.  K^  I  have  oh'eady  said^  ey<d\y  county 
in  England  and  Scotland  has  its  dialectic  x^eculiarity,  and  yet  edu- 
lion  is  not  carn<^d  on  through  the  medium   of  separate   sets   of 

oka,  prepared  with  special  regard  to  the  dialectic  peculiarities  of 
each  county,  but  in  on©  common  English,  In  France  almost  every 
department,  in  the  same  way,  has  its  peculiar  dialect,  but  as  yet 
there  has  not  hoen  a  vornacularist  hot-headed  enough  to  suggest 
that  each  district  should  have  a  separate  language ;  and  the  French 
of  the  Institute  of  France  is  the  only  recogni«ed  inediiira  of  edu<ja- 
lion-     The  same  circumstance©  obtain  in  Germany  including  Aoa* 


210 


J^i*of*^ed hiifft  (if  thf  Anwik  Soct'd^. 


[JrjTK, 


triR  nntl  PniAsia,  Init  nowhere  is   language  divided  rm  tlio  ground 
of  provincial  pec^uliaritiei  of  promineintiqn*     In  nindnstan  Proper, 
ihere  are  at  least  a  dozf^n  kiudH  uf  Hindi  differing  from  etifU  other  j 
ranch  more  I'emarlcahly  than  Uriy^  does   from  Bengali,   and  none 
knows  tliif*  better  thau  Mr.  Be  o  m  ft  s^  who  has  so  carefally  fitudied 
them  in  all  their  different  phasoa ;  hut  none  has  yet  ventured  tof^- J 
enmmend  that  separate  sets  of  school  books  should  be  got  up  in  eack  i 
of  those  diflerent  dialeots.  I  seo  no  renBon,  thpreforet  why  a  different 
policy  fdiQuld  be  adopted  in  Bengttl.  To  tlie  Uriyiis  Ihts  is  a  qne^tiom 
of  the  most  vital  importauoe.  Aecoixling  to  tlie  hist  census,  they  num- 
ber only  a  litUe  over  two  millinns  in  the  three  diMtriota  of  Balasor€i| 
Cuttack  and  Purt,   and  a  nullidu  may  be  added  for  those  who  Uya  ' 
in  Gaujam^  Samblialpur  and  tlie  Tributary  Mahals.  But  on  the  other 
hand,  we  must  dtnluct  at  biaattive  lacs  for  foreigners,  Muhamiaadana, 
Kyius,  Madra^isi,  B*.*ngalis,  and  others,  who  want  not  and  car#  not 
for  the  Uriya  language,  so  that  we  have  only  about  24  miiUonfl  for 
whom  a  distinct  literature  has  to   be  created.     The    thii^   diRtncta 
tmder  the  Cuttauk  Comuussioner  yield  to  Government  in  the  way  of  j 
revenue  under  1 7  laos  a  3'ear,  and  tho  zatuindars  at  37  per  cent,  get  I 
about  U  or  12  lacs.     Tliis  sum  is  divided   among  3881  pereons,  of 
whom  only  26  get  above  ten  thousand  a  year  each,    and  of  th<*m  16 
are  Bengalis,  mostly  non-residenl,  who  are  not  likely  to  offer  any 
especial  encouragement  to  the   Uriyd  language.     The   people  are  I 
mostly  agriculturists,  and  having  very  little  trade,  are  generally  very 
poor,     llow  it  is  possible  lor  such  a  small  community,  and  under  ' 
such  circumstances  to  create  a  literature  in   thair  yernaculaT,  and 
maintain    it,   I  cannot  eoneeivo.     Our  veniacularists  nuiintain  that 
tlio  vernaeidars  of  India  should  V>e  so  improved  as  to  suffice  for  a 
Gniversity  Courae  for  the  B.  A  standurd,  if  not  for  Honors,     Tliis 
would  imply  thrd  each  of  them  shoidd  incUnle  the   whole   course  of 
Algebra   aud   Geoincfr>',  and  eoufciiderable  portions    of  Astronomy, 
01iomistry»  Naturid  I'liiloa<jphy,  and  other  scieneoa,  be^ddeg  transla*! 
ii  ins  from  Newton's  Prijuipia,   Grote'a  (Jreoce,   Oibbon^a  E^imnn 
Empire,  Milt^s  Logic,  and  Abercrombie*8  Heutal  Philosophy.     To 
Buppose  that  such  a  thing  is  possible  for  a   poor  eommuni ty  of  2^ 
miUions  of  LTriyAs  to  aocwuuplish,  is  to  stippose  an  imxioesibility.     To  i 
suppose  that  the  whole  or  a  miijority  of  the  people  who  spoiik  the 


1B70.] 


PrnreeduKjfi  of  thf  ABtaik  8cmet}f, 


tn 


oijo  imndrod  and  one  vernac^ularB  whicli^  according  to  a  little  work 
on  rhilology  bj  Mr.  B  e  a  m  e  s,  are  now  current  in  India,  is  so 
Utopian  or  absurd,  that  I  iieod  nut  wait  to  notic©  it.  It  has  been 
.  that  if  the  Uriy^^  themselves  uauiiot  ^^i   up   a  litoraturei    the 

tiveniment  will  help  them.  This  ia,  however,  very  iinlLkely.  Vast 
no  doubt  aro  the  resources  of  the  British  Government  in  India,  and 

fiter  still  is  its  earnestueas  to  ameliorate  tiie  condition  of  the  peo- 
!lo  under  its  sway,  but  I  doubt  very  much  of  they  will  ever  puthc© 
to  croute  a  hundred  and  ono  literatures,  and  keep  them  au  eourant 
feiih  tJiose  of  Europe,  even  if  eueh  a  thing  as  a  **  deficit"  was  never 

aown  to  our  finauciera*  Admitting,  however,  for  the  sake  of  ar- 
gument, that  Government  would  assist  to  a  veiy  largo  extent  in 
fui'thering  the  education  of  the  people,  I  would  ask,  would  it  be 
fair,  would  it  be  just,  wuidd  it  bo  politic,  on  its  part  to  do  eo  by 
multiplying  languages?  Had  our  Government  been  guided  by 
that  narrow,  jesuitiucil,  unholy  and  uncliristian  doctrine  of  divide  ei 
imjjtra,  it  would  perhaps  have  been  expedient.  But  the  llbi^^ral  and 
noble-minded  gentleman  who  represents  Her  Britannic  Majesty  in 
iim  cfiuntry  and  his  council,  would  scorn  such  a  p<jlicy,   and,  I  ara 

liafied,  would  not  deliborattdy  lend  themselves  to  uphold  it.     Th© 

un  object  of  language  is  to  unite  mankind  by  one  common  bond 
of  speech,  but  to  foster  a  hundred  and  one  langnages  within  tho 
boundary  of  a  single  country  like  India,  would  not  be  to  promote 
that  all-important  object,  but  to  raise  a  tower  of  Babel  to  disiuiito 
and  disperse  the  native  races.  It  is  not  my  intention,  however,  to 
advocate,  at  present,  a  single  language  for  all  India,  but  to  plead 
far  tho  Uriyiis,  and  on  the  ground  of  unity  of  religion,  race,  and 
language,  to  take  them  amtmgst  us,  and  to  phire  at  their  dit<i>o8al 
a  fair  share  of  aU  we  possess,  and  may  hereattor  obtain.  In  Orisaa 
they  cannot  xmblish  a  single  book  without  adventitious  nid,^  whilo 
in  Bengtd  book-making  has  already  become  a  pn;titable  trnde,  and 
many  have  their  manors  placed  behind  their  publishers'  counters. 
We  ah^oady  publish  more  than  tive  hundred  books  every  yoar,  and 
hope  ere  hmg  to  multiply  tlie  number  manifuld.  As  a  note-worthy 
instance,  I  may  mention  tliat  a  few  years  ago  I  proi>ared  a  map  of 
India  in  Bengali,  and  it  brought  me  a  iiroiit  within  ono  year  of 
over  six  thousand  rupees.    Tho  sumo  map  woa  subaequently  trana- 


212 


Proferdinfffi  of  the  Asiatic  Bockt^* 


[.TimE, 


lated  into  ITriya,  liut  oven  tho  School  Book  Socioty  could  not  ven- 
ture to  undertake  it  on  their  own  act^nuntj  nud  tlie  Government  at 
Iftst  had  to  advance,  I  Uiink,  some  twi>  or  three  thousand  rupees  to 
help  tho  pu}«li< ration.  The  map,  however,  fell  still-bom  from  Ihe 
press,  and  altnost  the  whole  edition  iB,  I  believe^  now  rotting  in  the 
godowns  of  its  publisher.  laet  but  Govorninent  introduce  the  Ben- 
gali language  in  tJie  sehoola  of  Orissa,  and  the  Uriyia,  instead  of 
seeking  granta-in-aid  irom  Guveruinent  and  private  individuals  for 
oocaaionally  bringing  out  solitary  new  books,  will  have  the  whol** 
of  our  Bengali  puhlieation^  at  their  dis^posal  without  any  t'Ost,  and 
would  be  uuitod  with  a  race  of  thirty  milliona  with  which  they  have 
so  many  things  in  common. 

Nor  is  the  fusion  of  their  language  into  ours  at  all  impratjtitable. 
The  experiment  has  already  been  tried  and  found  to  be  comjilotely 
fiui't^etisful.  Some  twenty  years  ago  when  tho  district  of  Miduapur 
was  transferred  from  the  Commissionerahip  of  Outtock  to  that  of 
Bui-dwan,  the  language  of  tho  coui'ts  there  and  of  the  people  was 
Uriya.  The  new  Cununiasiouer,  for  the  aake  of  uuifurniity  in  all 
Ms  districts  or  some  other  cause,  suppressed  Uriya,  and  introduced 
the -Bengali  language,  and  nearly  the  whole  of  Mi(bmi>ur  18  now  bo- 
come  a  Bengali  speakLng  disti'ltti  and  men  there  often  feel  otfendod 
if  Uiey  are  called  Uriyas-  •  That  similar  measures  in  Balasore^  Cut- 
tack  and  Pmu  would  effect  a  similar  change,  I  have  no  reason  U* 
doubt, 

I  fear  I  have  abeady  occupied  the  time  of  the  meeting  a  groat 
deal  too  long,  but  I  must  crave  your  indulgence,  Mr.  Qiairmani 
for  one  more  remark.  It  hits  boon  said  that  if  the  Uriya,  like  tht 
other  vernaculars,  is  not  tit  for  a  University  Cuurso,  it  would  aufiioa 
for  the  elementary  education  of  the  people,  and  tlxat  is  what  i» 
most  urgently  needed*  To  hupjKirt  tliis  view,  it  has  been  poiutod 
gut  by  a  learned  gentleman,  himself  a  university  fwholar,  that  ulo- 
mentary  maiis  education  is  preferable  to  high  class  education;  and 
inasmuch  as  the  cost  for  ever)-  boy  in  a  Ouvernment  College  would 
suffice  for  40  boys  in  a  veraacidar  school,  wu  ishould  prefer  to  have  40 
to  1 .  The  education  in  the  Colleges,  it  it  needless  to  8ay,  is  at  least  40 
times  superior  to  thai  in  the  vernacular  schools,  but  the  latter  nevi^r- 
theloss  'u  said  to  be  more  ilesirablo*     The  gentleman  has  evidently 


1870.] 


Proci^dhiffit  of  the  Aswiic  Soeiefy, 


218 


no  fiiith  in  the  adage  wliieh  aptly  desrribea  tlie  merit  of  iniper- 
fbct  learning,  or  perhaps  he  patronises  the  homeopathic  doctrine  of 
••  the  greater  the  dilution  tlie  higher  the  potency.'*  On  tliat  princi- 
ple the  paper  of  Mr.  Be  am  e  s  (1  say  tliis  withont  meaning  any 
olfenee  to  that  gentleman)  wonld  prove  more  elfeetual  if  it  wero 
torn  into  forty  parts,  and  each  han'ded  to  a  separate  member,  than 
if  the  whole  were  imdei'stood  hy  one  man,  Bnt,  however,  that  he, 
QOtkiiig  could  bring  a  greater  misfortune  upon  the  Uriyda  than 
the  enforced  introduction  of  such  a  principle  into  their  country.  I 
yield  to  none  in  my  earnestness  for  the  elementary  education  of  thd 
poorer  classes,  but  for  the  sake  of  truth,  I  must  confess,  even  at 
the  ri^k  of  laying  myself  open  to  much  oljloquy,  that  I  have  no  faith 
whatever  in  mass  education  by  itself  >  independent  of  higher  education, 
•s  a  means  for  tlie  material,  moral  and  intellectual  nnxelioration  of  a 
nation,  however  much  it  may  recommend  itself  by  virtue  of  its  appa^ 
rent  philanthrojiy  :  to  me  it  haa  a  smack  of  fiickly  sentimentalism 
irbich  I  cannot  >jut  condemn.  Elemc?ntary  mass  education  alone, 
without  a  higher  educatitm,  can  do  but  little  good  to  any  race  of  peo- 
ple. It  implies  a  fioupqon  or  suspicion  of  the  three  Rn,  which  is  utter* 
ly  worthless  as  an  element  of  intellectual  improvement.  In  Japan, 
we  leam  firom  Mr.  Bernard,  eveiy  grown  up  person,  whether 
man  or  woman,  is  proficient  in  elementaiy  reading  and  writing ; 
bat  the  Japanese  are  not,  on  that  account,  a  whit  better  than  the 
nations  of  Europe.  In  Eugland  mass  education  has  extended  much 
more  than  in  India,  but  less  so  than  in  France  or  Prussia,  but  19  * 
England  at  all  inferior  on  that  account^  moraUy,  physiciilly  or 
intellectually,  to  those  countries  ?  One  unhappy  result  of  defective 
Bcraps  of  instruction  miscalled  education  I  shall  advert  tOj  it  is  that 
wliile  the  bulk  of  English  tMeves  formerly  were  ignorant  men,  the 
relative  proportion  of  educated  to  ignorant  thieves  has  of  late  be* 
come  as  68  to  32 ;  that  is,  for  every  pei-son  who  has  become  a 
thief  from  want  of  education,  two  have  taken  to  the  pi'ofession  of 
Lirceuy  with  the  full  benefit  of  the  kind  of  education  which  is  now 
become  so  fashionable  a  theme  of  praise.  That  it  has  in  any  way 
helped  to  raise  England  above  other  nations,  I  have  every  reason  to 
doubt.  But  let  ua  suppose,  as  a  great  Froachman  once  rlid,  that  fate 
by  some  mortal  struke  of  cholera  or  plague  was  to  carry  oil  from  Eug- 


214 


Fre^udmfftf  of  the  Asiatic  Soeieiif^ 


[JUXE, 


laud  fifty  of  her  greafeost  matlwjmaticians,  llftj  of  hat  highest  astro- 
nomers,  iift:^'^  of  her  ablest  clieinistij,  iifiy  of  hor  most  distinguished 
geologists,  fifty  of  her  foremost  physicists,  fifty  of  her  profoimdost 
fttatesmeu,  fifty  of  her  best  writers,  fifty  of  her  wisest  doctors, 
and  fifty  of  her  most  proficient  engineers,  and  to  compensat'e  tho 
loss  by  a  amull  mridictuix  of  reading,  writing  and  cyphering  in 
every  man,  woman  and  child,  ami  that  siich  a  thing  as  a  cross  mark 
in  the  maiTJago  register,  of  wliich  we  have  now  near  tliirty  per  cent, 
was  never  to  be*  The  loss  in  such  a  case  would  not  amount  to  ^ye 
hundred  persons, — mere  **  ftolips  and  exotics'*  as  they  have  been  poe- 
tically described  by  the  gentleman  whom  I  have  j  ust  alluded  to,  of 
no  essential  value  to  Englit^h  society, — and  t)ie  gain  wotiid  be  educa- 
tion in  five  millions  of  sttirdy  corn-growers.  Would  not  England 
fioverthcless  be  two  centnries  behind  hand  oi  France  ?  England 
would  still  retain  many  o£  her  third  class  astronomers,  mathemati- 
cians and  scientific  men,  but  they  would  not  suffice  to  uphold  her 
prestige  as  an  Intellectual  nation.  In  Orissa  there  is  no  man  learned 
in  the  sciences,  and  the  dfxitrin©  uf  mass  education  to  the  exclusion 
or  supersession  of  higher  eduoation,would  remove  the  chance  of  her 
evar  getting  one.  It  would  chain  her  down  to  one  dead  level  of 
intellectual  poverty  firom  which  she  will  have  no  prospect  of  rising. 
It  may  convert  her  sons  into  indift'ercnt  copyists,  or  bad  substitutea 
of  Babbage's  cjilculating  machines ;  but  not  into  intenet^ttialf 
sturdy,  self-reliant  men.  May  the  msdom  of  our  rulers  avert  Irom 
her  so  diie  a  calamity  ! 


Ctmit^uiians  to  the  subicriptions  tn  aid  of  Mrs.  Piddinffton. 


% 

The  Aaiatio  Socieiy  of  Bengal, Rs.  100  Paid. 

The  HonHble  J.  B.  Phear, 50 

E,  Taylor,  Esq., 30  Paid. 

H,  Bloclunami,  Esq., 10  Paid. 

CoL  H,  L,  Thuillier, 25  Paid. 

Dr.  J.   Ewartj 25 

£&bu  Eijendrolila  Mltra^. 10 

Dr.  P.  etoHczka 25  Paid. 

H.  P.  BUnford,  Esq.,    50 

Iieut«  J«  Watertiouse,   10 

Dr»  X  Fayrer, 20 

CoL  E*  Maclagan, 30  Paid. 

H*  Woodrow,  Esq.,   16  Paid. 

W*  S.  AtkinsoiLj  Bsq,,    25 

A.  Tween,  Esq., 10 

Lieut.  W.  J.  A.  WaUace 16 

S,  Kurz,  Esq., .  10 

Dr.  D.  Bojdfl  Smith 20  Paid. 

**No  Kame," 20  Paid. 

Haja  Satyanand  Ghoslial, 10  Paid. 

The  Hon'ble  W.  Markby, 20 

E.  Gay,  Esq., 10  Paid. 

I>r.  S.  C.  Mackenzie, 10  Paid. 

Dr.  8.  B.  Partridge, 20  Paid. 

Dt*  Mohendxttlal  Sircar 5 

Moulvie  AbduHateof  Khan  Bahadur, 5 

Major  H.  H,  Godwin-Austen,  50  Paid. 

Surgeon  J.  B.  Baxter, 10  Paid. 

Dr.  J,  Ander&oiij 16  Paid. 

Wilton  Oldham,  Esq,,    10  Paid. 

0,  a  Adley,  Esq., 15 

E.  M.  Adam,  Esq,, 20  Paid. 

J.  H.  Barker,  Esq.,   10  Paid. 

Babu  Deyandra  Mdlika, 10 

Moulvie  Futteh  Ali,   12  Paid. 

W  C,  Botiiierjeo,  Esq., 5 

E.  Buck,  Esq.,     10  Paid. 

T.  0.  H.,  Eangoon,    50  Paid. 

Sir  D.  Macleod,  K  0.  S.  I.,  C.  B., 100  Paid. 

T.  H,  Huglie^,  Esq., 20 

A.  V.  Nursiugrow,  Esq,,  200  Paid. 

B^bu  Bamanatha  Thakura, 10 

Moulvie  Kubiruddin,  Ahmad, 5 

Babu  Syatnaeharana  Saracara, 5 

OoL  E.  T,  Dalton,  C.  S.  I.,   20  Paid. 

M.  8.  Howell,  Esq.,    16  Paid. 

B.  Gordon^  Esq. 6  Paid. 

Ctol.  J,  X,  Walk^?r, 16  Paid. 


PROCEEDINGS 

or  THS 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOR  July,  1870. 


A  Meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday,  the  6th  in- 
stant, at  9  o'clock  p.  M. 

The  Hon'ble  J.  B.  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 

The  receipt  of  the  following  presentations  was  announced — 

1.  From  J.  Q.  Delmerick  Esq.,  a  number  of  Buddhist  heads 
and  stone  tablets  with  figures,  from  near  Pash&war. 

The  Prenident  drew  attention  to  the  prevalence  of  the  Ghreek 
Ijpe  in  these  heads.  The  figures  appeared  to  be  of  day,  or  a 
composition  of  clay  and  other  ingredients,  very  b'ghtly  burnt, 
poaaibly  only  sun-burnt.  They  still  retained  thoir  original  shorp- 
nees  of  definition  and  were  singularly  well  preserved.  Obviously 
they  had  been  attached  to  masonry,  and  no  doubt  formed  part  of  a 
subject,  worked  out  in  high  relief  upon  the  frieze  of  some  building. 
It  was  also  remarkable  that  every  one  of  them  was  unsymmetrical, 
•*.  tf.,  compressed  or  flattened  either  on  the  right  side  or  on  the  left 
aide.  The  purpose  of  this  must  have  been  to  adapt  them  to  being 
seen  with  the  greater  artistic  effect  from  a  particular  point  of 
view :  and  it  indicated  considerable  advance  in  knowledge  of  the 
peculiar  conditions  necessary  for  the  success  of  sculptural  orna* 
ment. 

A  conversation  ensued  in  which  several  members  joined. 

2.  From  the  Government  of  India,  Home  Department — 27  Pho* 
tographs  of  Jain  and  Buddhist  ruins  in  the  Buld&nah  District,  West 


2IK 


Ptoceedin^i  a/  the  A^iath  S&ckty. 


[JttLY, 


BariTj  together  wiUi  a  f^ipy  of  au  itiscnption*  found  near  Barsee 
TakJeo. 

3,  From  G.  Latliam  Esq-,  C.  E,,  a  copy  of  *  India  to  England,  a 
new  Overland  Eoute  tia  Turkish  Arabia/ 

4.  From  Babu  Gopinath  Sen,  a  cox>y  of  a  Table  shewing  the 
moan  montlily  and  mean  hourly  variations  of  tomperatiiro  aa  deter- 
mined  in  the  S.  G.  Oilioo  for  1855  to  1869. 

6.  From  the  Aiithor,  Pralad  Mdld^  or  the  Wit  and  Wisdom  of 
Bengali  Byots  and  Women,  as  shewn  in  their  Proverbs  and  Pro* 
veibial  Sayings,  bj  Rev,  J,  Lon^, 

0.  From  W.  Ohihara,  E.sq,,  LL.D.,  C.  S.,  Ghdzipiir,  an  Urdu 
Tranfilation  of  the  Persian  Balwanindmah^  by  Khairuddiu  Muham- 
mad of  H^dbQd. 

Air.  Blochmann  said — 

The  Balwantnamah  by  Kliainiddin  Muhammad  of  Bali&bad  is  a 
work  of  great  vtduo.  It  eontainft  a  hietory  of  the  Ndzims  tmd  Kdjahs 
of  Bonai-ee,  and  is  full  of  intuvestlng  details  referring  to  the  times  and 
transttctions  of  Warren  Hastings,  The  author  lived  in  the  end  of 
last  centuiy  and  has  written  several  other  Historitial  works,  as  tlio 
Jaunpurndmahf  or  Chronicle  of  the  tuwn  of  Jaunpv'ir ;  the  Tazki^ 
ratul'  Uktmiij\  or  biographioal  notices  of  modem  Persian  writars, 
chiefly  of  Audh  J  the  Kitdb  i  \fl<ims/tnbf  or  History  from  the  time 
of  Nddir  Bh^h  to  the  death  of  Mirza  Najaf  Kli4n  ;  the '/^m/^rf- 
maJiy  a  voluioinous  history  of  the  reigu  of  8hiih  *Alam  (II.)  with 
a  minute  account  of  the  doings  of  tlie  notorious  Ghtildm  Uddir ;  tlio 
QwMidrnivnah^  or  History  of  Fort  Gwalidr ;  and  several  otlxer  works 
oil  law,  rhetoric,  and  grammar. 

His  last  work  appears  to  have  been  the  above  mentioned  Tttzkirai 
ui'^Ufnmiij  which  was  written,  like  the  Balwantndmah,  at  the  sugges- 
tion of  Abraham  WeUiuid,  Judge  of  Jaunpur,  and  dedicated  Uj  the 
Uaiquis  of  Wellesley.  It  contains  ndditional  matter  for  a  History 
of  Jaunpur,  and  biographies  of  learaed  men  thiofly  of  such  aa 
lived  at  Jaunpur.  He  often  praises  the  oihcers  of  tho  East  India 
Company,  because  **  they  prefer  a  Learned  man  of  another  religion 

•  Tho  copy  of  tlio  itiioriptioti  ia  tmforianateij  so  fiinlty  oji  to  ounToy  no 
tense.    Tub  £i>[tok. 

f  Called  in  bUo  OatiUoguo  of  Pcraiau  M8S,  c^f  ttie  Society  JTaUrat  uVVU^m^* 
THit  EmTOE* 


1^70.] 


Pi^ocfiMn^^  of  tht'  Anfttiic  St/cieiff*. 


219 


to  a  fool  of  their  owti."  Tlie  books  tdso  contains  a  liistory  of  !iU 
life  iind  a  list  of  his  works,  from  whivh  it  appears  tliat  tbo  proper 
title  of  the  BaJwantnimuih  is  Tuh/ah  i  Tdtahf  a  copy  of  which,  I  fintl, 
is  in  the  Society*s  Library. 

Khairuddin  was  bom  Becomber,  1751.  The  Tazh'rutui  ^Ulamd^ 
the  latest  of  thoso  of  bis  worka  which  ore  known  to  me,  was  writtem 
in  A,  n.  1216,  or  A,  D.  180U 

Hie  works  deserve  the  attention  of  ftH  who  wish  critically  ta 
study  the  times  of  the  decline  and  fall  of  the  Mughul  empire  and 
the  early  period  of  tlie  E.  I.  Company, 

The  beat  thanks  of  the  Society  are  due  to  Dr,  W,  Oldham  for  hia 
valuable  present. 

The  foUowing  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  tho  ladll 
Meeting  were  balloted  for  and  olooted  Ordinary  Members— 
E.  Lethbridgo,  Esq,,  MA. 
A  B.  Miller,  Esq. 
The  following  gentlemen  ore  candidates  for  ballot  at  tho  August 
Meeting — 
K.  H.  Wilson,  Esq.,  C.  8.,  and  A.  M,  Broadly,  Esq.,  0.  S.,  pro- 
oaed   by  W*  W,  Ilimter,   Esq.,    IJi.D.,   C.  S,,  seconded  by  the 
lon'ble  J.  B.  Phoar. 

The  President  on  the  part  of  tho  Council  reported  that  a  donatioa, 
f  Eupees  one  thousand  had  been  reeoived  by  the  Society  througi 
be  Government  of  Bengal  from  the  Kimdu  family  of  Dacca,  in  aid 
&f  the  annual  grant  made  to  tho  Society  by  the  Oovornment  for  tho 
conservation  and  cataloguing  of  Sanscrit  MS8.  in  India, 

The  President  was  sure  that  the  Society  in  under  talking  at  the  re- 
quest of  Government  to  disxjoso  of  the  Es.  1,000  a<M:rording  to  tho  in- 
tention of  tho  douurs,  would  reeogni^o  the  liigh  motives,  wliieh  had 
these  gentlemen  to  make  so  handsome  a  donation  for  public  pur- 
poses, lie  trusted  that  this  honorable  exuniplu  would  not  be  lost, 
and  that  the  liuitdu  family  might  be  able  to  boast  uf  a  long  list  of 
imitators. 

The  President  then  proposed  a  voto  of  thanks  to  the  douora,  whiidi 
^08  carried  ununimuuHly. 


220 


Proeeodingi  vf  thi  Asiatic  Society, 


[JiTLT, 


TLe  Prosidont,  in  tho  eapaDity  of  Chairmein  of  the  Gpote  Fartrait 
Fund  Committee,  then  stated  tliat  he  hjMi  be^n  directed  hy  the 
Committee  to  offer  the  Portrait  of  ^f  r,  A.  Grotc  to  tho  Asiatic  Society 
for  its  acceptance,  upon  couditiuu  that  the  picture  be  huiig  in  the 
meeting-room  of  the  Society.  The  likeness  was  immiBtakeable. 
It  ahnost  brought  back  their  old  friend  intcj  their  inidflt  again. 
No  place  could  be  so  fitting  for  the  reception  of  the  picture,  ae  the 
walla  of  the  room  in  wMch  Mr.  Groto  had  so  long  and  so  ably  pre- 
sided over  their  Councib. 

Mr.  Woodrow  said  : — **  I  have  been  asked  to  respond  to  tho 
offer,  probably  bocaua©  I  am  the  oldest  member  of  the  Society  present. 
It  ia  more  than  twenty  years  ago  that  I  was  admitted  a  member  of 
this  Society,  and  so  far  as  I  can  judge,  no  Calcutta  member  labour- 
ed throughout  this  time  more  steadily  and  contiauously  than  did 
Mr.  Grote»for  tbe  good  of  the  Society*  Whether  as  member,  office- 
bearer, or  President,  Mr.  Grote's  labours  were  unwearied.  As  l*re- 
fiident,  his  office  was  no  sinecure.  I  have  often  wondered  at  tlio 
patience  and  courtesy  he  shewed.  Through  his  wide  correspon- 
dence with  friends  in  all  parts  of  India,  he  was  ablo  to  bring  before 
every  meeting  some  interesting  infurmation  that  ho  had  himself 
obtained.  The  Asiatic  Society  will  accept  with  sincere  thanks  tho 
portrait  of  Mr.  Grote,  one  of  its  most  valued  Mends.*' 

The  proposal  to  accept  the  offer  was  carried  with  applause  ;  and 
the  President  pointed  out  a  position  in  which  the  picture  might 
advantageously  be  hung. 


The  President  then  exhibited  a  stone  implement  brought  by 
Mr.  W.  Theobald  from  Prome. 

Mr.  Theobald  said — 

The  Celt  eidiibited  this  evening,  is  remarkable  for  ita  size,  which 
though  not  greater  or  even  equal  to  many  Indian  CeltB,  is  greater 
than  that  of  any  Celt  which  has  hitherto  been  found  in  Biraiah, 
with  a  single  exeeptiou  I  shall  presently  advert  to.  Its  general 
type  is  that  of  the  Birmese  Celt,  the  cutting  edge  being  formed  by 
grinding  down  one  side  only  (as  in  a  plane),  whilst  all  Indian 
Colts  are,  I  believe,  formed  by  gi-intliiig  or  chipping  away  both  eui»- 
f aces  J  so  as  to  produce  the  ordinary  form  of  a  cutting  edge  (as  in  an 


18700 


Proceedings  of  ih»  AtiaUe  Somet^, 


SSI 


axe).  It  differs,  however,  from  most  Birmoso  oelte  wliieli  have  oomo 
under  ixkj  obBervation,  in  wanting  the  shonlders  generally  present, 
and  in  being  made  of  a  somewhat  unusual  material,  a  hard  touj^h 
argillaceous  sandstone,  almost  conglomeratic  in  structure.  The  Celt 
was  picked  up  in  the  bed  of  a  stream  in  mj  presence  some  S5  miles 
^H  N.  W.  of  Prome,  and  a  veiy  similar  rock  to  that  of  which  it  in  fa- 
^H  bbioned,  is  met  with  in  the  neighbourbood. 
^^1  Its  extreme  length  is     7}     inches. 

^^^L  Width  at  top,  2 

^^^^  „        at  bottom,  4^         „     (making  a  little  allowattoo  i 

L for  rolled  comers).   Average  thickness  a  trifle  over  I  inrlu 

^H        The  form  of  this  Celt,  that  is,  the  ab^emie  of  shoultlurs,    ntid   its 
^^    great  nhe  aud  weight,  int.dine  me  to  think  that  it  was   usod  in    tha 
hand  and  not  fixed  in  any  handle,  as  was  almost  certainly  tlio  oaso 
with  the  smaller  ooee* 

Tlie  only  other  Birmese  Celt  approaching  this  in  t^iz^  whs  on o 
purchased  by  me  in  the  Promo  District  some  years  a|^o.  It  was  of 
t,  well  smoothed,  much  longer  and  narrower  than  the  present 
one,  and  with  the  cutting  edge  g^xmnd  into  a  curved  oot  a  straight 
line*  It  was  figured  in  the  Plate  of  stone  weapons  from  Birmah,  I  Vo- 
oeeding,  A.  8.  July,  1869,  PL  lU.  fig.  l-lo,  and  is  precisely  similar 
in  general  proportions  and  type  to  a  celt  in  tho  Christy  collection, 
labellod  **  horn  Sumati-a." 

The  following  table  wiU  exhibit  tho  contrast  between  the  pre- 
sent Celt  and  tho  ordinary  forma  met  with  In  Birmah  The  Celts 
themselves  can  bo  seen  and  studied  in  the  Geological  Museum | 
where  they  are  aow  displayed  in  connexion  with  a  tine  series  from 
India. 


Length, 


Top 


Bottom. 


WhifhL 


\ 

R>. 

oz. 

\o.   1. 

71 

2 

44 

2 

lU 

2.  • 

3* 

1| 

2} 

0 

41 

3. 

2f 

1 

n 

0 

21 

4. 

2fr 

I 

1} 

0. 

39 

5. 

U 

1 

IJ 

0 

«l 

6, 

4 

■1 

1« 

0 

2* 

222  Proceedings  of  the  Asiiitic  Societi).  [July, 

No.   1.  Large  Celt.     Exhibited. 

2.  Largest  Celt  of  ordinary  type  (flat). 

3.  Smaller         do.         do.         (do.). 

4.  Ordinary  do.  (high  shouldered  type). 

5.  Smallest  do.         (do.). 

6.  Chisel  (figured  A.  S.  Proceedings,  July,  1869.    Plate  III. 

[Fig.  2-2^.) 

The  following  letter  was  read — 

From  Mr.  K  JET.  Steel  to  W,  T,  Blanford,  Esq,^  dated  Revenue 
Survey  (Jamp^  Suddia  (^Assam),  April  llth,  1870. 

*  Knowing  the  interest  you  take  in  such  matters,  I  send  you  a 
few  notes  of  an  earthquake  felt  here  to-day.  If  it  has  been  felt 
with  violence  in  Calcutta  and  neighbourhood,  which  I  doubt 
from  the  direction  of  the  wave,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  learn  that  it 
extended  as  far  as  here,  especially  as  I  have  the  exact  time,  taken  by 
observation  of  the  time  on  purpose.  Our  Longitude  is  nearly  96°,  our 
Latitude  27°  52';  Calcutta  Longitude  is  88°  25',  Latitude  22°  33'- 
The  difference  of  time  will  be  about  32  minutes  or  less;  this  I 
have  not  subtracted  from  the  times  in  the  following  record.  I  regret 
that  I  had  no  barometer  the  time,  as  we  had  a  rare  wind,  easterly, 
the  direction  from  which  the  wave  came,  and  which  rose  suddenly 
after  the  shocks,  died  away  soon  after,  and  then  was  renewed  for 
four  hours  again. 

April,  11th.  10.  49  A.  M.,  three  moderate  shocks  rapidly  succeed- 
ing one  another,  2  sec.  interval  about. 

10.51.  Got  up  a  6  in.  Theodolite.  Lower  level  E.  and  W.,  upper 
N.  and  S.  Direction  of  wave  from  E.  to  W.,  plainly  evident.  Con- 
tinued wave  motion,  every  3  or  4  sec,  imtil 

10.59,  when  it  became  slighter  and  oscillation  slower. 

11.04.     StiU  slighter  and  slower. 

11.09.     Scarcely  perceptible  and  ceased. 

Wind  at  first  moderate  and  easterly,  rose  rapidly.     Due  east. 

TVeather  fine,  a  few  clouds.     Sunny. 

Thermo.  75^,  at  11  a.  m. 

12  a.  m.,  wind  moderated  a  little,  though  it  afterwardjs  increased 
a  good  deal  and  died  away  at  sunset. 


1870.] 


Pi-ooufdingi  of  ths  AiMie  S^ietf. 


22.t 


H    1871 

^^^^  TLcT6  woa  no  notioeablo  rise  or  fall  in  tlio  wfttor  of  the  rWcft  Brali- 
^^Hpapootra,  20  yards  from  my  office.  Mon  bathing  in  it^  did  not  notice 
^^^^mo  shock,  though  all  on  land  did. 

Animals  did  not  seem  io  notice  it.   Office  clock  placed  noarly  east  I 
and  west,  did  not  stoji,' 

In  reference  to   Mr.   Steel's  letter,  the  President  remarked  that 
tliB  MTiter  seemed  to  speak  very   positively  with  regard    to  tho 
direction  of  the  vibration.     It  would  be  well  to  know  in  what  mode 
Mr,  Steele  ascertained  this^  for  it  waa  oertaialy  mutter  moat  dilii- 
cnlt  of  direct  obseiTation.     Probably  a  j>ool  of  water  by  the  wavo 
oeciUation  of  its  surface  afforded  Uie  most  obvious  and   distinct   in- 
ition  of  tho  dii-ection  of  the  disturbance  ;  but  ho  (the  President) 
Id  8ay,  from  his  own  experienco,  tliat  even  when  the  waves  were 
largo  and  well  marked,  it  wae  not  easy  to  form  a  rv\j  definite  con- 
clusion on  the  point  by  the  aid  of  this  phenomenon.     He  would  be 
ifipoBed  to  imagine  that  observations  of  rock  masses,  however  csten- 
ive,  would  fail  to  give  any  certttin  rosiUt.     Perhaps  a  ^^ew  from  a 
height  upon  a  genei'aUy  level  maaa  of  foi^est  foliage  would  bo  more 
[jcessfuL 

Mr.  "Westland  mentioned  that  in  one  instance  he  had  been  easily 
able  to  detect  the  direction  of  the  earthquako  wave  by  tlie  violent 
oscillations  of  a  single  tree  ;  but  the  President  pointed  out  that  ])ro- 
bably  it  was  only  one  component  of  the  tree's  motion  which  would 
bo  thus  obser%-0d,  namely  that  at  right  angles  to  tho  lino  joimng 
the  t(i>ectator  and  the  tree. 

The  fallowing  papers  were  read- 

L — On  tht  Normal  Jlatn/ull  of  Bengal, — 2?y  11.  P.  Blamford, 
Esq.,  F.  a  S. 

Mi\  Blanford  read  his  paper,  which  will  shortly  appear  in  Kot 
m.,  of  Part  II,  of  tlie  Journals 

After  a  few  words  on  the  interesting  nature  of  Mr.  Blanford's 
in^piiries,  tho  President  said  it  seemed  to  him  that  tlie  i»aper  just 
read,  condeused  itself  into  the  statement  of  a  law  something  as 
follows,  namely,  that  in  monsoon  rains  with  continuity*  of  thct  same 
cotulitious  of  earth  sui  facoi  tho  rainfall  dimininhid  gnultiully  from 
wind\«  urd  to  leeward  ;  for  iustiiiii.u  in  the  delta  of  Bengal,  tho  rain* 


224 


Proae^ingi  of  the  Asiatic  Sm^tif, 


[Jttlt, 


fall  diminished  from  a  maximum  along  the  lino  of  sea  coast  to  a 
minimum  at  the  foot  of  the  Hills  ;  and  again  the  rainfall  diminiah- 
od  from  another  maximum  at  the  first  crest  of  the  Hills  to  a  small- 
er amount  further  in  upon  the  cxjrresponding  plateau.  And  it  was 
easy  to  see  why  this  should  be  so  ;  the  Tapoui-- bearing  air  masses 
continually  parted  with  their  freight  as  they  went  on,  and  so  loss 
and  less  rain  was  the  result,  until  some  new  element  was  introduced 
into  the  conditions  which  had  the  effect  of  increasing  the  degree 
of  satnration.  At  the  HiUs  this  was  brought  about  by  a  eimplo 
mechanical  process  ;  the  advancing  stream  of  air  and  vapour  under 
the  influence  of  its  own  velocity",  and  the  pressure  from  behind  slid* 
ed  up  the  escarpment,  and  was  thus  with  compai'ative  suddenness 
carried  to  an  elevation,  which  at  once  gave  rise  to  Y^ry  great  rori- 
f action  and  consequent  disappearance  of  heat.  Also  the  low  tem- 
perature of  mountain  surfaces  maintained  by  active  radiation  con- 
duced to  the  same  end.  In  this  way,  the  charge  of  vapour  in  the 
air  brought  up  from  below  became  excessive  in  relation  to  the  heat 
available  for  the  purposes  of  maintaining  it  in  a  state  of  suBpenaion 
and  lai'ge  quantities  were  precipitated.  He  did  not  know  whether 
the  grout  rainfall  along  the  coast  line  ba*i  been  ascertained  to  be  a 
true  maximuni  or  not.  It  would  not  be  easy  to  make  very  accurate 
observations  on  the  amount  of  rainfall  at  sea  :  but  he  was  prepared 
to  learn  that  this  rainfall  was  reidly  a  maximum,  and  if  so,  he  was 
inclined  to  attribute  it  to  a  cause  in  some  sense  the  reverse  of  that 
which  effected  the  saturation  at  the  mountain  top,  i.  e,,  an  increase 
in  tho  quantity  of  vapoui*  instead  of  a  diminution  of  the  tempera- 
ture. Having  regard  to  the  fact  that  the  delta  was  literally  sown 
with  shallow  tanks^  khols,  and  pieces  of  water  of  eveiy  sort  and 
sizQy  he  thought  it  very  possible  that  tlie  surface  soil  heated  by  a 
tropical  sun  might,  under  these  circumstances,  yield  a  more  plen- 
tiful supply  of  vapour  than  the  sea  itself.  In  truth  this  arrangement 
of  land  and  water  bore  no  slight  resemblance  to  the  genex*al  form  of 
contrivances  for  multiplying  the  heating  surface  for  the  generation 
of  steam  in  boilers* 

With  rogai'd  to  the  occurrence  of  a  rise  in  tho  barometer  at 
Cherrapoonji  iTmnediately  before  a  heavy  fall  of  Uiu  monsoon 
rains,  this  might  be   claused  by  increase  in  the  vapour-flow  from 


1870.] 


FroeHfdin^B  of  the  Asiatic  8<>cifttj, 


225 


[bolow  encliug  in  a  downfnll  of  rain,  but  until  actual  predpit«tioa 
19k  place,  simply  eflectiug  an  augmpnt^tion  of  tlie  matoriul  of 
[Ui©  superincuuvbent  atmosphere.  It  might;  bo  likened  to  the  in- 
I  Crease  of  depth  in  a  streani  of  water  caused  by  increase  of  supply 
I  frtim  its  source*  If  this  were  so,  the  like  pheuomenon  ought  to 
be  observed  on  similar  sites,  such  for  instance  along  the  Western 
iGbata. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Willson  said, — With  reference  to  the  observed  rise 
I  in  the  barometer  at  Cherrapoonjee  before  rainfall,  I  would  remark 
that,  a«  the  same  phenomenon  hna  not  been  noticed  at  othur  Hill 
1  fitjitions,  it  cmn  hardly  be  exphiinod  by  any  increase  of  presj*urd 
f  which  might  be  caused  by  the  vertical  dis2>lAeementa  of  tho  aerial 
furrents  as  they  are  forced  upwards,  coming  in  contact  with  the 
,  alnping  sides  of  the  mountains. 

Nor  does  it  seem  probable,  d  prim^i^  that   the   forcing  of  masses 

of  air  over  an  elevated  region  would  increase  the  ahnoRphone  pres- 

aure,   in  that  region,  above  its  normal  condition ;  since  the  equili* 

I  brium  could  be   maintained  by  tlie   lateral   diatributiott   of  what 

othenvis^  might  cause  an  excess  of  atmosphere. 

We  will  probably  have  to  look  for  the  explanation  of  the  pHono- 
I  meuon  of  tlie  increase  of  atmospheric  pressure  before  rain  (if  such 
[be  the  case)  in  the  same  local  configuration  which  causes  tho 
[  enormous  rainfall  for  which  Chorrapoonjoe  is  celebrated. 

As  I  understand,  Cherrapoonjee  ia  situated  at  tlie  head,  or  focus, 
of  a  system  of  valleys,  wide  at  their  entrances,  but  naiTowing  up 
and  converging  as  they  approach  their  common  focus. 

The  prevailing  winds  force  atmospheric  niai<scs  up  the   sides  of 
I  tliese  valleys.     These  masses  are   hf^ritontall^  compressed  as  they 
are  forced,  from  the  much  wider,  to  the  narrower  limits  converging 
I  to  Cherrapooujeo, 

It  is  possible  that  this  horizontal  ooraprossion  ahm  may  be  soffl- 
ciont  to  saturate  tlie  region  about  Cherrapjoujee,  and  thus  be  a 
cause  of  excessive  rainfall,  as  well  as  increased  atmospheric  pres- 
;  cure  before  rain. 

Dr.  Oldliam  said,  he  thought  the  peculiarity  of  position  of  Cherra- 

pooiijee,  ontl  the  effect  which  this  had  on  thu  fall  of  rain  there   and 

i  on  the  atmu»pUeric  pressure,  had  scuruely  been  fully  appreciated* 


220 


Pf'oft^f^irt^Jt  &f  the  Atiatie  SoeUfy. 


\JviA 


The  station  of  Cheira  was  not  only,  as  it  liad  been  described,  placed 
not  ikr  from  tli©  southern  face  of  a  range  of  iiilk,  which  rise  near^ 
ly  peq)eiidiciilarly  from  the  plain  of  Sylhot,   the  face  of  tho  scarj 
being   uoarly    at   right   aug;lo&  to  ihe  prevailing  winds,  but  it  wa 
also  encompafiscd   on   either  side  by  huge  glens  or  valleys  whio 
have  been  cut  down  to  tho   depth  of  several   thousand   feet,   and 
which  extend  from  the  plains  wull  into  the  hilhi,  and  curving  round 
on  either  aide,  leave  but  a  very  limited   area   between.     Now  not 
\y  wiia  the  surchargod    atmosphere  wliieh  had   floated  over   the 
lains  driven  by  the  prevalliug  winds  against  the  face  of  the  hilJS|.j 
but  it  was  also  driven  up  tliese  gorges  or   glens,   and  the  vaiiouaj 
currenta  of  saturated  air  met  just  over  the  station  of  Chen*a.     Boi- 
ling up  from  either  side  the  thick  fog-hke   mist   moots  in   a  donsej 
mass  above   the  station,  and  as  he  had  expressed  it  some  sixteeaj 
years  since,  the  satiu'ated  gponge,  as  it  were,  was  suddenly  squeezed  J 
and  the  moistm'e  which   it   previously  held,  deposited.     Tliis  also* 
readily  accuuals  fur  the  greater  atmospheric  pressure  at  these  times. 

n. — Notes  on  Bamarqand,     Brj  Monsk.  he  Khajhicop.     {From  ih§  ^ 
Itussiun.)     Communicatal  by  T.  O.  .Forsyth,  Esq, 

(Extract.) 

Twenty-SLX  years  ago  on  the  /j-  September,  1841,  I  saw  for  fcft©^ 
first  time  the  celebrated  cax>ital  of  Timurlang  from  an  elevated  spot  J 
on  the  road  leading  &om  liulchslnt  to  Samarkand,  where  I  arrived] 
exhausted  by  the  heat  and  covored  with  dust. 

Vast  ruins  scattered  over  the  cotmtry  immediately  surrounding] 
the  city,  plainly  indicated  that  its  glory  had  passed  away.  Never*! 
theloss  in  spite  of  iUs  decrepit  state,  it  presented  an  imposing  aspect  i 
when  viewed  from  a  distance.  I  must  confess  that  tho  pleasure  I 
with  which  I  contemplated  tho  landjscape,  was  considerably  enhan-'] 
ced  by  the  recollection,  that  since  the  8th  September,  1404,  tho  day] 
on  wliich  Gonzales  Clavijo,  Ambassador  of  Henry  III,  of  Castilci,^ 
entered  Samarkand,  no  Eoi-opean  had  penetrated  that  celebratedj 
town. 

About  three  o'clock,  I  wo^  informed  that   Iluiihim   Padkhwa 
the  governor  of  Samarij^and,  had  sent  his  horses  and  fairashes,  and  I 
wished  to  see  me. 


IB70.] 


Pi'OC^f dings  of  the  Asiatic  Society, 


22T 


1^   P^' 


His  Sepoy  guard  was  ranged  in  two  lines  under  the  doep  dark 
gatowity  of  bis  castle,  dressed  in  loos©  gowna  and  painted  olotk 
httts  bordered  with  sheepskin.  Their  eqiiipmcmta  wore  as  varied 
AS  they  were  fantastical ;  one  could  imaginu  they  had  b^eu  armed 
for  tho  occaeinu  with  weapons  borrowed  ii*om  some  Mtis<^uni  ot 
the  Middle  Agea.  Thoro  were  gunfi,  spears,  clubs,  axoSp  and  area 
bows,  and  quivers  full  of  arrows.  After  cros8ing  one  or  two  courts, 
we  entered  a  vaulted  passage,  also  lilled  with  a<ildi«.a's.  It  termi- 
Mated  in  a  large  court  with  a  fountain:  in  tho  centre^  and  a  Bpacioua 

mdny  or  roof,  supported  with  wooden  pillars. 

rbr^him  Dddkhwiih  wan  not  there,  bnt  I  liad  scarcely  seated  my- 
telf  on  a  small  carpet  spread  for  mo,  when  ho  appeared  and  sat 
iown  on  a  cushion  in  the  middle  of  the  Aiwfln.  Seeing  that  my 
place  was  so  far  removed  from  the  govemor*s,  I  rose  and  heedlesa 
of  Chaui"!  dgfei's  frantic  signals,  seated  myself  within  half  a  yard 
him* 

This  conduct,  which  tlie  Bukhiria  evidently  considered  very  bold, 
aiade  a  dilTerent  impression  on  tho  ola  TJzbak  with  whom  my 
buamess  was ;  for  he  addreaaed  me  very  cordially  in  tho  Tartar 
language* 

The  day  following,  which,  in  accordanco  with  somo  foolish  point 
of  Bokh^an  etiquette,  I  was  obliged  to  spend  at  homo»  tlmt  I 
might  rest  from  the  fatigues  of  the  journey,  a  numerous  purty 
came  to  visit  me.  They  were  natives  of  Marw,  and  thoreioro 
deeoondant^  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  town  who,  in  the  reigns 
of  Sh&li  Mui^iid  and  his  son  Amir  Haidar,  had  been  carried 
away  by  force  and  settled  in  Samnrqand.  Thoy  brought  me 
qimntities  of  peaches,  and  received  in  exchange  several  yards  of 
cloth  and  a  few  tunpis^  the  small  silver  coin  of  the  country  worth 
about  tea  pence,  1  gathered  from  their  conversation  that  they 
wore  bitter,  though  secret,  enemiea  of  the  Buldiariaa  govorn- 
iiient*  The  invasion  of  N&dir  Shdh  and  the  conquost  of  Bukhiiri 
by  the  Persians  had  made  a  deep  improstuon  on  their  memories, 
and  they  still  cherished  a  lirm  hope  of  one  day  seeing  a  repetition 
of  those  events,  the  more  so  as  they  can  foresee  no  better  termina- 
tion  of  thoir  aufft-rings.  This  leads  me  to  think  that  altlvough  the 
preeent  geuerutioa  was  boru  on  Uie  soil  of  Bukhara,  and  is  obliged 


228 


F^  the  Astatic  Sifmtif. 


[JlTLT, 


Id  profess  the  Siumi  religion,  yet  the  greater  portion  remained  8h^ 
'ahs  at  heart,  and  this  of  course  waa  an  additiunal  cause  of  hatred 
towards  their  oppressors. 

1  was  informed  by  ray  visitors  aa  well  as  l>y  my  heat,  who  seemed 
to  be  thoroughly   acquainted   with  the   Btatistics    of  the  district, 
that  Samarqand  comprises,  under  the  present  governor,  five  tumaua  I 
or  cantons,    yielding   on   au   average    70»000  batwans  of  corn  of 
various   sorts,  that   is  to  say,    about   9,108,320   kilogr,  of  grain, 
ol'  which    30  per  cent.,    or   about  2,750,000  kilogr,,  are  levied  bj 
the  government  as  khiWt/\  or  laud  tax.  On  every  field  of  com  of  one 
*|anub,'  equal  to  3,0*J8  hoctarus,  the  govermuent  Wies  a  tax  of  18. 1 
tim<fM  or  &anc8,  and  6  taugas  for  each  (anab  sown  with  grass.     Thia  j 
revenue  ought  to  suffice  the  guvemor  for  his  own  subsistence ;  fur 
the  pay  of  his  servants  and  otfioers,  and  for  tho    wages  and  support 
of  1250  rmukar^,  or  sepoys,  that  form  the  garrison  of  the  provinee  iJli] 
time  of  peace.     The   rest  is  sent   to  the  Amir  as  *  peshkash'  oif] 
present  for  the  New  Year's  day  on  the  21st  of  March.     For  uistanee,  I 
in  1841,  he  sent  the  sumfif  IrSO^OOO  tangas  by  hla  son  to  liukhtlrd. 
This  does  n<:it  include  the  revenue  which  is  sent  direct  to  Bukhfiri  ta  | 
the  Zaltdtchi  Bashf,  an  otiicial  totaUy  independent  of   the  govornor. 
The  tax  levied  on   the   flocks  of  slieep^   comes   under  a   dilTerent  i 
administration  and  is  brought  to  the  Amir  every  spring,    by   offi-i 
cers  specially  employed  for  tlie   purpose.     1  could  not  gain  exact  1 
information  as  to  the  value  of  these  two  last  duties ;  but  the  custuma 
of  Samarqund  can  yield  but  an  inconsiderable  sum  *,  for  the  dutiea  I 
are  only  levied  on  caravans  froui  Ktjkdn  and  Bukharfi.* 

On  the  4th,  5th,  and  7tli  of  September,  I  visited  all  the  objects  of 
interest  in  Bamarc^and,  of  wliich  there  are  but  few ;  but  before  1 
describing  them,  I  must  say  a  few  words  about  th«  town  in  general,.] 
The  topographer,  Yakovk'f,  who  accompanied  Jkles&rs.  Leiiman  and] 
Bogcislofski,  has  drawn  up  a  plan  of  Samarqand,  whitth  I  have  on-*  1 
closed  in  mj  desci-iption  of  the  Kh&n&t  of  Bukliird,  iniblished  m 
1843. 

The  wall  of  the  town  was  in  very  good  condition,  when  1  viaitedil 
it*     The  whole  forma  an  ahnost  perfect  square,  or  rather  trapiaium ; 
lor  the  northern  side  is  longer  than  the  others.     The  most  irregii* 
hu:  wall  is   tluit  on  the  west,  where   the  fort  projeetis.     This  wall  i 


Fwoemt%n^9  cfihe  Aiiaiic  Soei^i^* 


229 


eoiTosponds  exactly  with  that  of  Bukhara  id  height  and  in  tMck- 
04)88,  as  well  as  in  its  battlements  and  turrets*  It  is  13  kilomotros, 
319  metres,  in  circumference,  and  encloses  a  space  of  *253 3  J  |anli>)«. 

Samarqand  is  therofore  larger  than  BukJidrA  by  SOU  (an^bs. 
Thi&  is  oocasioned  by  the  number  of  gardens  ;  for,  in  jKiint  uf  popula- 
tionj  it  is  decidedly  inferior  to  the  latter  town,  Tliu  inhabitants 
are  reckoned  at  &om  30,000  to  35,000  souls.  The  outer  wall  has 
tax  gates.  On  the  western  side,  it  has  but  one  gate,  the  Darwfizah  i 
Bukhari  ;  there  is  also  one  on  the  eastern  side  caUed  QalandarKhdui. 
The  ttuuth  and  north  sides ^  have  each  two  gates  ;  tho8e  in  the  for- 
mer are  called  Paikobak  [Kaiqubdd  ?]  and  D,  Chah  i  Ziuduh ;  the 
others  D.  Sozan-girdni  and  D.  Khw^jah  Ahr^r.  The  last  takes  its 
name  from  the  yenerable  saint  of  8amarqand,  who  is  buried  dase  to 
this  gate.  The  ruins  whicli  surround  the  town  lead  on©  to  suppose  that 
it  was  formally  of  much  greater  importance  than  it  is  at  present,  or 
when  it  was  rebuilt  alter  one  of  its  numerous  catastropliies,  it  miL^t 
have  been  enloi'ged  towards  the  south-east*  The  ground  to  the  ( 
vest^  more  espetially  that  northwards  of  the  wall,  which  bea 
tlie  name  of  Qal*fih  AMiiidb  is  more  thickly  covered  with  ruins 
than  the  rest.  This,  however,  cannot  have  taken  place  very  recent- 
ly. Since  the  time  of  Timur,  his  ancient  eapllul  has  nut  altered 
in  form.  One  thing  is  certain  that  in  tlie  hoiglit  of  its  prosperityi 
ihe  environs  of  Samarqand  were  in  a  much  better  state  of  cidtiva 
Hon  than  tlioy  ai'o  now,  nnd  vestiges  of  gardens  still  remain  whorei*!! 
by  Timtir*s  order,  his  wives  entertained  Olavijo  so  mu^nihcontly. 
The  town  is  supplied  with  water  by  tliree  rivulets  deseeutling  from 
the  uortbcrn  declivity  of  Mount  A^alyk.  The  hrst  enters  Samar- 
qand a  little  to  the  eastwards  of  the  Khwdjali  Aliriir  gate  j  having 
^irtLHl  the  eastern   and  northern  sides  of  the  Fort,  it  leaves  the 

L>wn  and  waters  the  fielils  to  the  north  of  the  Btikharian  road, 
secHind  water-course  entering  the  town  near  the  gate  ol 
Sozan-gh'rini  quits  it  on  the  eastern  aide  and  unites  with  tho 
tliird  which  ekirts  the  same  sides,  both  tog^tber  flowing  into  the 
XTi  i  Ma*^hhad,  as  llio  people  call  it.  This  stream  washes  the  ba**e 
of  tiie  northern  wall  of  the  town*  Stuh  an  abundance  iif  water 
admits  of  every  house  bcnrtg  Well  auppb'cd,  and  contributes  greatly 

t<:>  t  he  salubrity  of  the  town. 


230 


Profeedhign  of  the  Aiiatie  Sucifty. 


[JiTLY, 


M,  Struve^  in  our  Geugrttplaeal  Il4!*port  oa  Central  Asia,  fixes  tlie 
laHtude  uf  Samtirqand  at  aU'"  3B'  45",  and  ite  longitude  W  38'  12",  R 
of  Paris, 


III. — Azotes  on  a  7V ip  across  thn  Patkoi  Jiantfg*  frotn  Assam  to  th^ 
Ilooloom/  Valky, — Bif  H.  L,  Jenkins,  EdQ. 

Lo^t  year  I  was  unable  to  y'et  beyoud  the  Nongyang  Lake,  par 
ly  fi-om  waat  of  pruviMious,  aiid  partly  owiog  to  my  haviny*  started 
latt*  iu  th©  season,  the  Singfoos  were  too  busy  reaping  thoir  crops 
to  accompany  mo,  1  attempted  to  start  much  csarlter  tliis  eeasou 
with  my  irieud,  Air,  A.  J.  Foal ;  but  some  of  tho  Singfoos  who  had 
agreed  to  show  tliB  roatl  were  unfortunately  detuiui'd  by  a  luwauli. 
Waiting  for  thetu^  we  loftt  several  Jays,  and  LLltimiit*-!}'  did  not  loave 
ihis  la«t  viUage  on  the  NiutU'oop  till  tho  fith  Deeembor.  FiiUowing 
the  path  dieacribed  last  year  up  the  Namroop  river,  and  then  up 
tlie  Nambong  aud  Nunkee  streams,  wo  reached  the  summit  oi  tho 
I'atkoi  about  2  o'clock  on  the  8th  December,  To  our  great  disap- 
pointment on  examining  Ihe  barometer  we  found  it  broken  and 
useless*  Water  boiled  at  a  temperature  of  208,  giving  aa  altituda 
of  about  2, 1 40  feet.  The  air  was  very  clear,  and  it  was  plain  tO' 
eee  that  the  Patkoi,  which  is  here  only  a  single  ridge,  oould  bee 
crossed  five  or  six  hmnlz'od  feet  lower  by  making  a  slight  bend  to* 
tlie  westward  of  the  present  path.  That  night  we  descended  somaj 
three  or  four  hundred  feet  and  camped  near  a  small  spring  of 
water- 
Continuing  the  descent  very  gradually  the  noxt  day  in  an  e^ister- 
ly  direction  we  crossed  tho  str'eaiu  from  the  Nongyang  Lako  about^ 
noon,  nnd  then  ascended  the  Digf>om  hill  and  stopped  at  the  first 
water  we  eonld  lind  on  its  eaAtei^H  &lope.  We  eatinuUed  the  dis- 
tance travelled  that  day  at  lifteeu  miles,  The  path  lay  tiirough. 
thit-k  forest ;  we  lost  it  several  times  during  the  day,  and  were  ob- 
L'ged  to  halt  whilst  the  Singfoos  dispersed  tlieinsolTea  in  all  direc- 
tions to  tind  it. 

Early  on  the  following  day  we  came  on  a  small  stream,  alsc^ 
called  Digoom,  and  went  down  its  bed^  fur  some  hours  occasionally 

•  For  a  Mnp  ruf^   Mr,  Jeukina*  Brdt  pripiT  published  ia  Prooaoduiga  Asiatic 
Sociuij,  Ika^ol^  foi  IbGt),  pp.  ti7  to  7i.     Tuu  £i>fioii. 


1670.] 


Proct$dm^n  of  the  Aaiaiie  SQci^^^tf, 


SSI 


fildrtiiig  the  water  through  deose  wot  jimgle.  Aboat  noon  we 
etruuk  oH  I'rom  the  right  bank  over  a  low  hill  to  the  Loglai,  a 
fthallow  }rut  vorj  rapid  stream  about  eighty  jm*d?  broad.  It  seotn- 
ed  mhiisablt^  to  carap  carlj,  in  onler  to  eunhtnat  hotter  eheltor  thaa  . 
usital,  as  rahi  threatonod ;  ao  we  hrdted  for  the  night  on  the  eaniil 
on  the?  hank  of  the  Loghii  about  half  a  mile  below  a  largo  poong* 
or  Ridt  00350.     Di*itanco  tliis  diij  about  ten  miles. 

During  the  whole  nt  the  next  day  our  f>ourse  lay  down  tho  bed 
of  tlie  Loglai,  and  we  made  very  slow  progress  at  first  uver  the 
enormous  bouldori?  anti  rocks  of  aanrlstono  ;  but  the  rivi.»r  bwame 
hu'ger  as  we  advanced,  receiving  tuarh  additional  water  fi,*om 
aanierous  biuaII  aireams  fltiwiug  into  it  on  eitJier  aide.  Towards 
ev<>ning  largo  rooks  and  boulders  were  less  frequently  met  with,  and 
we  gut  on  faster  over  tlio  sand  and  shingle  ;  w«  stopped  at  thq 
mouth  of  a  Uttle  stream  eallod  Kysoo,  having  travailed  eleven  or 
twelve  miles.  Here  the  Loglai  is  navigable  for  canoes,  and  tho 
extreme  width  of  its  bed  ©xtioeds  a  hundrud  yards* 

On  tho  12th  leaving  tho  Loghii  wo  ascended  the  Kysoo  for  two 
hours,  tJien  crossing  a  low  hiUeame  on  the  Nandip,  a  stream  similar 
to  the  Kysoo,  and  travelled  down  its  bed  till  evening,  camping  on  its 
hank.  Distance  about  sixteen  miles.  The  path  durijjg  the  whole 
day  was  goc»d.  The  beds  of  botli  Mtreams  are  composed  of  shingle 
and  gravel  with  few  large  rocks.  The  forest,  a«*  on  the  Aswiaiu  aide, 
is  eompoeod  of  very  large  trees,  and  ttie  undergrowth  of  jungle  la 
impenetrably  thick. 

On  the  morning  of  the  l»?th,  we  found  there  was  barely  rice 
enough  in  the  caxnp  to  give  each  man  ono  meal,  so  it  \\t\^  necessaiy 

\  Ibroe  the  paco,  in  order  to  get  into  a  village  as  soon  as  |Missible« 

Following  the  Namiip  for  about  an  hour  we  reachiid  itficonilu- 
ence  with  the  Yoc»ng!*oom,  a  stream  of  the  same  biw.  For  four 
hours  tlie  path  led  up  tho  Yoongsoom,  occasionally  skii'ting  thd 
wiit^r  through  very  heavy  and  (-'Xtremuly  wot  junglu  until  that 
Bh*eam  became  so  small  as,  to  be  nutraccuble,  when  ci*o86 lUg  a  pieoe 
of  high  lying  forest  land  we  came  on  the  Yoongmoi,  a  somewhat 
larger  stream  than  either  of  tho  two  former.  About  two  hours' 
P^walk  down  the  bed  of  tho  Yoongmoi  brought  us  to  the  Namyoong^ 
i  livor  not  muuh  inferior  in  size  to  the  Logloi,  hut  deeper  and  less 


232 


Procc(fdinffs  of  the  Awiatk  S&ei4if^. 


[Jtn.Y, 


rapid.  We  hnld  on  our  way  up  this  river  until  it  beetimo  dusk 
when  we  were  glad  to  learn  that  the  Nttnijoong  village  was  close 
at  kand.  Our  guides  told  us  tliat  it  would  bo  highly  improper  for 
a  party  of  strangers  to  enter  a  Tillage  after  night-full,  so  w©  camp- 
ed on  the  Band  on  the  bank  of  tlie  Namyoong  and  sent  off  two  men 
to  tliG  TiUago  for  food.  In  about  an  hour  the  men  rottirnod  bring- 
ing with  them  a  good  supply  of  riee  and  some  ti8h,  ajid  thoy  also 
brouglit  ua  back  our  money.  On  hearing  of  our  neeesBity,  the 
people  of  the  village  had  gone  round  from  house  to  house  eoUect- 
ing  rice,  and  with  the  contributiona  they  sent  a  mcas^wgo  t/>  say  that 
they  were  not  jackalB  but  hunwin  beings,  and  coidd  take  no  pay- 
ment from  hungry  travellGrs,  The  Gham,  or  Chief,  sent  us  an  invi- 
tation to  enter  his  village  in  the  moruing.  Distance  this  day  about 
twenty-four  miles. 

On  the  Hth,  we  went  up  the  river  to  the  Namyoong  village, 
about  a  mile  abovo  our  encampment.  This  was  the  ninth  day  since 
wo  left  the  last  Assam  village,  and  druing  this  time  we  had  »een 
no  cniltivation,  not  even  a  bit  of  clearanoef  and  the  sight  of  the 
large  open  rice-fields  gave  us  no  ^mi\X\  plea**ure.  staking  our  en- 
campment on  the  Bide  of  the  river  opposite  to  the  village,  we  were 
soon  surrounded  by  the  inhabitants,  about  two  hnntlre<l  in  aU. 
They  brought  presents  of  fowls,  rice,  b^^'s^  fish.  It  is  the  Singfoo 
custom  to  present  a  gueet  with  ft^ud  as  soon  as  he  enters  the  house, 
and  the  Ohum's  wifi^  brought  ua  a  small  quantity  of  cooked  rice 
neatly  tied  up  in  plantain  leaves  and  somo  **  Sahoo,'*  a  sort  of 
whiskey  distilled  from  rice.  This  spirit  was  very  a^jceptablo,  as 
our  own  stock  was  nearly  exhausted.  It  is  very  strong,  and  not 
unpalatable  when  one  becomes  used  to  it, 

Tha  Gham,  whoso  name  is  Ningi-oo  Monoh,  was  very  civil,  and 
told  us  to  apply  t»*  him  for  everything  we  wanted.  After  chatting 
eomo  time,  he  told  us  that  a  messenger  had  arrived  with  a  letter  for 
us  from  the  Giiofs  of  the  large  Singft>o  village  on  the  Denai»  and 
he  w(u^  good  enough  to  say  that  the  letter  should  bo  delivered  the 
next  day.  We  asked  for  the  letter^  and  to  see  the  messenger  at 
once,  but  were  gravely  repiTived  for  wishing  to  transact  business  oa 
the  very  first  day  of  our  arrival  ;  and  as  our  own  Singfoos  agreed 
tiiat  our  retjucKt  was  most  uncoromunious,  we  were  obliged  to  ap* 
pear  eontented* 


l«70,] 


Proee&HngB  of  the  Aiiatic  SacieUj, 


233 


Early  the  next  morning  we  made  enquiiy  for  the  letter,  but 
were  again  told  that  our  haste  was  ill-maunerod.  **  The  Gham/' 
ilipy  said,  **  eats  first,  and  after  that  he  is  at  liberty  to  pay  atten- 
to  matters  of  le&a  importance."     About  noon  we  obtained  pos- 

eion  of  the  letter,  wliich  was  written  in  Shan,  the  Singfoos 
having  no  written  character  of  their  own,  A  KamiJtee  boy,  wha 
uame  with  us  hsim  A«sam,  read  out  the  contents,  of  wliich  tho  fol- 
lowing is  a  ti'ansliition  v — 

**  8ibbom  Gham  and  Seroj  Gham  having  consulted  ail  the  otlier 
©hams  send  this.  Jenkins  Sahib  is  not  permitted  to  visit  our  vil- 
lages. No  European  has  ever  oomo  this  way.  If  the  Sahib  wishes 
to  Bee  our  eountry,  he  should  come  through  Burmali.  The  Ghama 
will  not  allow  him  to  come  by  the  Patkoi.  lie  must  return. *'^ — By 
Lregarukii  messenger. 

Kingroo  Menoh  then  handed  us  another  slip  of  paper  conveying 
y  him  tlie  following  instructions  : — 
'To  NtNGEOo  MuNoir. 

**  Detain  the  Sahib  at  your  villag©  till  you  hear  from  us.  If  you 
are  unable  to  detain  him  or  turn  kim  back,  send  ua  a  message, 
and  let  your  messenger  travel  day  and  night.'*  From  Sibbom  and 
Seroj  Ghams. 

)n  questioning  Legandoi,  the  bearer  of  these  letters,  he  at  first 
iA  fhe  whole  blame  on  the  Burmese  Woon  or  GKjvernor  of 
Magong,  who,  it  appears,  though  he  does  not  attempt  to  govern 
the  8ingfr)08,  is  supposed  to  exercise  political  control  over  them  to 
a  certain  extent.  It  would  seem,  however,  that  the  influence  this 
officer  possesses  in  Hookoong  at  prosent  is  little  more  than  nomi- 
nal f  for  the  messenger  explained  that  when  the  Ghams  are  agreed 
amongst  themselves  as  to  any  particular  Line  of  conduct,  they  ig- 
nore the  existence  of  the  Woon.  Burmese  authority,  ho  told  us, 
was  maintmned  by  the  excitement  of  dissenstona  amongst  the 
diiieront  clans — no  sijigle  Chief  who  has  any  cause  of  disagreement 
with  his  neighbours  dai'es  incui*  the  displeasure  of  the  Woon,  lest  • 
the  Chiefs  with  whom  he  is  at  variance  should  be  invited  to  bum 
and  plunder  his  village. 

Whatever  the  cause  may  be,  it  is  certain  that  the  Burme^  are 
keartUy  detested  by  the  Hingfooai 


234 


Proceed  I  fifft  0/  ihe  Asiatie  Society* 


[Ju 


As  our  Assam  Siu^ooa  refused  to  go  on  with  us  until  the  pwhi- 
bition  was  removed,  we  determined  to  send  a  remonstrance  and  to 
wait  in  the  neighhourhood  of  Kamyoong  for  a  reply. 

AVe  wrote  to  the  Gliama  of  the  Donai  villages,  that  we  oonsidered 
it  hard  to  bo  detained,  reminding  them  that  their  people  had  full 
liberty  to  go  into  Assam  whenever  they  please,  and  that  their  tra- 
ders travelled  all  over  Upper  Assam  unmolested,  and  we  begged 
them  to  give  us  permission  to  go  forward  and  see  them. 

On  the  morning  of  tlie  16th  we  sent  olf  three  of  our  own  people 
with  NingrooBoo,  the  ^^ounger  brother  of  Ningroo  Meaoh,  with  our 
letter  and  with  presents  for  Sibbom  Seroj  and  four  other  Ghaui^  of 
note. 

We  received  no  reply  tUl  Uie  25tli  when  Ningroo  Doo  return 
He  told  M^  that  the  Ghams  after  muLrh  tliacuiision  had  not  come  to 
any  agi^eement  up  to  the  time  of  his  leaving  them  as  to  whether  wo 
should  be  aUowod  to  go  forward  or  not,  and  that,  as  the  small-pox 
had  broken  out  in  some  of  their  villages,  the  people  wei'e  avei*se  to 
any  traveUors  being  allowed  to  move  about,  wishing  to  prevent  tho 
disease  from  spreailiug ;  he  had  returned  to  lot  us  know  that  there 
was  little  probability  of  our  being  allowed  to  go  on  immediately. 
It  was  bar  illy  to  bo  expected,  perhaps,  that  isolated  tribes  like  tho 
Singfoos  unaccustomed  to  European  visitors  would  give  up  their 
sec'Iudiveness  at  the  hrst  call  witliout  some  hesitation ;  but  we  had 
lost  80  much  time  at  the  commeneemunt  of  the  journey  that  neither 
of  us  could  afford  to  wait  longer,  especially  as  the  chance  of  being 
allowed  to  proceed  on  a  very  early  day  seemed  to  bo  small* 

So  on  the  SOth  wo  commenced  our  return  journey  through  the 
Mosang  Noga  country,  as  we  wished  to  examine  the  paas  by  which 
Grifhth,  and  Baylicld  crossed  the  Patkoi  in  1837* 

This!  route  has  already  been  fully  doHtTibod  by  Oriflithp  so  it  doet 
not  seem  necessary  to  say  much  regarding  it.  There  are  four  steep 
ridges  crossed  by  tliis  path  rising  :^,000  to  4,Ono  foot,  boaides  tho 
main  range  itsolf,  on  which  wo  boiled  water  at  a  temperature  of 
202,  the  temperature  of  ^^  air  at  the  time  being  G3,  giving  an  al- 
titude of  about  5,500  feet  above  the  sea  leveL  It  is  much  to  be 
regretted  that  GrilHlh  chance*!  to  take  tliis  route  ;  for  it  is  doubt- 
less owing  to  his  descnption  that  a  gonei-al  impression  has  ari^eil 


1870.] 


PtHtc^tfinffi  of  the  Amdie  Buvtet^. 


235 


tkftt  tlie  Patkoi  Range  is  a  foraiidable  barrier  erected  by  natiiro  to 
prevent  commtinicatioii  between  India  and  the  countriea  lying  to 
tht)  east. 

Whilst  at  Namyfiong  viUago,  which  he  found  ii-om  obserration 
to  be  abuut  26*;i0  Int ,  we  had  eereral  opportunities  of  conTeraiug 
with  the  people  of  the  ^lewroo  tribe  who  inhabit  the  mountain 
rangi>  to  the  east  between  Ilookixing  and  the  IiTuwaddy. 

Fn»in  the  descTiptioii  given  by  tlie  Meeroos  there  would  appear 
to  be  eeroral  pajises  of  no  great  elevation  through  this  range*  The 
Meui*ooa  wear  Cliineso  ornaments,  and  bring  articles  of  Ohineao 
manufat'ture  t^  Hookoong  for  sale.  Besidesj  these  ornaments  and 
their  pipes  we  nota'cod  earthenware  ctips,  copper  cooking  Yes^ela, 
WTonght-iron  ploughslmros,  and  cast-ii^on  p^ins,  all  undnubtedly  of 
Chinese  make,  Ntuther  the  Singfous  nor  the  Meerot»8  niakp  any 
UBe  of  copper  as  a  circulating  medium.  In  the  larger  trtinsa<^;tionjs 
they  use  lumps  of  silver  obtained  from  Yxinan  and  houi  tlie  tShana 
of  alK)ut  hfilf  a  pound  wt*ight,  and  theso  lumps  are  ualieaitatingly 
eboppod  into  small  i>iecee  and  weighed  out  when  it  is  recptiaito  to 
inea»ure  tlie  price  of  articles  of  email  value.  They  have  some 
rupees  in  cireiUation,  but  these  coins  are  lo(»ked  on  with  8ns|uoion 
on  ac^jount  of  the  impurity  of  the  silver.  Tho  dearness  of  salt  was 
most  remark  able*  A  ooars(>  black  salt  was  selling  at  about  the 
rate  of  a  shilling  a  x^^^^^-  ^^^  ^*^*'  vnih  several  peoplu  who  had 
traded  in  tho  PanBce  country,  and  one  of  the  routes  they  describt>d 
strikes  the  IiTawaddy  at  Mainluh,  a  large  Shan  villagt»,  situated 
on  the  left  bunk  of  the  PhooDgmai  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Irrawaddy. 

In  a  little  map  attached  to  Dr.  Clement  WiUiams^s  book  on 
Upper  Burmah*  Maiulah  is  placed  at  the  month  of  a  largo  river  in 
lat.  26,  or  about  VM\  miloa  above  Bliamo. 

Dr.  Williama  does  not  give  the  namo  of  tliis  riTer ;  bnt  it  ia  w«ll 
kno\^Ti  to  tlie  BingfiHjfl  and  Meerooa  as  the  Phoongtnai  Kha* 

We  were  iuformeil  tliat  a  man  carr>*iitg  a  load  cotdd  reach  the 
nearest  Pansee  villogos  from  Muirdah  in  two  days'  march. 

The  SingfooB  divide  the  Chint?8u  into  two  classes^those  wlio  eat 
pork,  and  tUoso  who  do  not  eat  iiork.  The  jwrk-unters,  tboy  said, 
u&ed  furmerly  to  oome  down  the  I'huougmai  in  groat  nuiubiira  and 


236 


Pmrrfidingn  of  ifu*  Asiatie  Rwift^^ 


[July, 


cross  to  Iloiikorifig  IW  jailo  ftiid  aiulior,  but  of  Uito  years j  owiiig 
to  wtir  betweeu  the  two  daBseft,  tlio  trade  has  been  r<?8tnctefl  to 
the  almtiiiners  from  pork.  It  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  route 
across  the  Patkoi  1»y  \he  N(»Tigyaag  Lnke  is  no  new  sehome  now 
brought  to  notice  for  the  first  time.  Thirty-five  years  ago,  atteu- 
tiou  was  directed  to  this  same  route  by  Captain  Charlton,  then 
commandiug  the  troops  oa  this  frontier,  who  is  known  to  fame  aa 
the  first  man  t<i  discover  the  t«a  plant  in  British  India.  Captain 
Charlton  writes— his  letter  will  be  found  in  the  Journal  of  the  Asia- 
tic  Sockhj  for  January  1836 — **  What  a  pity  there  is  no  means  of 
communication  between  Suddya  and  Yunnan.  A  good  land  road, 
and  there  are  no  natural  obstacles  of  any  conseqtience  to  prevent  it, 
would  afford  an  outlet  for  British  merchandise  into  the  very  heart 
of  China."  As  the  Singfoos  of  Hookoong  trade  wiUi  Yunan  and 
with  Assam,  it  cannot  be  disputed  that  Captain  Charlton  was  right 
in  asserting  that  no  physifid  obstacle  exists  to  prevent  a  thoroxigh- 
faro  from  being  eslablishod  the  whole  way. 

It  has  been  urged  w4th  some  plausibUity  that  the  Singfoos  are  so 
poor  and  so  simple  in  their  habits,  that  they  do  not  want  better 
communication  with  other  countries,  because  thoy  could  reap  no 
benefit  from  fruor  intert'ourso.  It  is  true  that  their  \yauta  are  few ; 
but  some  of  these  wants  are  very  ill*8uppUod,  as  in  the  case  of 
salt  for  iufttauce,  wliich  is  very  b»id  in  quality  otid  vory  dear  through- 
out Hookoong;  besides,  the  bulk  of  the  populatiju  engage  in  some 
kind  of  barter  when  not  occupied  in  cultivating,  and  a  people  of 
this  kind  would  not  bo  likaly  to  opposie  the  opening  of  a  road, 
because  they  are  capable  of  seeing  that  the  measure  woidd  prove  to 
their  advantage. 

But  whilst  the  people  themselves  may  bo  trusted  not  to  oppoa© 
their  own  interests,  it  must  be  admitted  that  some  difficulty  lios  in 
the  fact  that  nearly  all  their  Ghamft  are  lai-ge  slave-holders,  and 
suffer  heavily  and  constantly  from  the  escape  of  tJielr  slaves  across 
the  border  into  British  temtory.  All  the  Chiefs  feel  a  great  deal  of 
irritation  against  us  on  account  of  the  extreme  abolitionist  policy 
that  has  been  adopted  of  late  years.  Stdlj  considering  the  magni- 
tude of  the  question,  it  will  hardly  be  saul  that  the  cost  of  indem- 
nifying   a  score  or  so  of  petty   Chiefs  for  the  loss  of  their  slaves 


1870.] 


Pror^fdinffs  nflhe  A^iaik  Soeietjf, 


237 


woiilil  be  a  heavy  impost,  and  it  would  eoem  to  be  no  more  than  fair 
to  ^ive  the  Ghttma  the  means  of  inirahaeing  that  amount  of  labour 
from  their  servants,  wliieh  they  have  been  accustomed  to  obtain  by 
force,  if  we  interfere  to  prc+vent  the  ejcaetion. 

As  there  is  now  a  British  oflir er  resident  at  Bhamo,  it  might  bo 
possible  to  send  a  party  np  the  Irrawaddy  to  explore  and  rnuko  a 
rough  Burvoy  of  the  river  as  far  aa  Mainlah.  In  all  probability,  a 
party  starting  from  Assam  would  be  able  to  reach  Miiiuluh  ;  for 
tiuce  we  have  returned,  a  letter  kaa  been  received  fi^m  the  Denai 
Ghama,  inviting  ua  to  meet  them  next  year  at  Serojmo, 

JSerojmo  is  said  tu  be  only  six  days  from  Mainlah* 

The  leth  January,  1870, 

IV*— -4  Contrihution  io  Malayan  OrnUhologtj. — B*j  De,  F.  Stolxozka. 

(Abstract*)  | 

The  paper  contains  notes  on  about  oner  hundred  species  of  binls 
which  have  been  collected  t-liietly  in  the  Wellesley  Province,  the 
oountry  East  of  Pemmg  Island.  Althougli  the  geographical  situation 
of  this  Province  is  intermediate  between  that  of  Malawa  and  Tenas- 
eerim,  the  fauna  bears  a  greater  relation  in  identity  of  species 
to  the  former  than  to  the  latter.  A  number  of  the  species 
recorded  are  also  found  at  Mida^ca,  Sumatra,  and  Java,  and  do  not 
appear  to  extend  fmiJier  North ;  others  are  also  met  with  in  the 
Tenasserim  and  Burmese  Provinces ;  and  a  few  are  common  to 
India  generally.  In  several  cases  intermediate  forms  between 
'  4hoeo  occurring  in  Burma,  or  North  Eastern  India  and  those 
found  on  Sumatra,  Java  and  the  other  islands  have  been  noticed. 

Dr.  StoliL'zka  di-ew  the  attention  of  the  meeting  to  the  marked 
diflerence  which  ejJsts  between  the  £auna  of  North  Eastern 
India  and  Burma,  and  that  of  South -Western  and  Southern 
India,  The  former  extends  from  the  central  Himalayas  about 
Darjeeling  tlu'ough  Assam,  Caehar,  Burma  into  the  true  Malayan 
Provinces,  and  is  diaracteriztid  by  a  very  large  number  of  peculiar 
Malayan  types  j  the  latter  has  a  strong  admixture  of  African 
forms.  Tlie  first  a|>pear8  to  have  travelled  from  South  East 
towards  North  West  and  the  other  from  South  West  towards  North 
East,  and  both  appeared  to  have  been  8ti>pped  in  tbeii*  further  pro- 


238  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [July, 

gress  partially  by  the  intervening  Bengal  Provinces  whicli  at  the 
time  of  the  migration  were  probably  open  sea,  partially  by  the  Hima- 
layan range  in  the  North,  though  this  could  not  have  had  formerly 
the  gigantic  dimension  and  altitude  which  it  now  possessed.  In 
the  South  of  India  and  on  the  Malabar  coast  Malayan  species 
again  occur. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Blanford  endorsed  the  views  expressed  by  Dr. 
Stoliczka,  and  mentioned  some  of  the  peculiar  African  types 
which  are  to  be  found  in  the  fauna  of  Central  India.  He  said  a 
list  of  birds  collected  in  a  district  West  or  South- West  of  N^gpiir 
contains  almost  as  many  African  types  as  it  does  of  Indian. 

The  reading  of  the  following  paper  was  postponed — 

On  tlie  Capture  and  Death  of  Bard  Shihoh. — By  H.  Blochmann, 
Esq.,  M.  a. 

The  receij)t  of  the  following  communications  was  announced— 

1.  Gond  Words  a)id  Phrases, — i?^  Eeveeexd  J.  Dawson, 

Ghindwdrah, 

2.  Second  List  of  Birds  from  the  North-Eastern  Frontier, — By 

Majok  H.  H.  Godwin-Austen. 

The  mooting  then  broke  up. 

LlBllAHY. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  the 
last  Meeting. 

Presentations, 
%•  Names  of  Douora  in  Capitals. 

rroceodings  of  tho  Eoyal  Society,  Vol.  XVIU,  No.  118.— The 
Royal  Socikty  of  London. 

Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Bengal  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
1869-70. — The  Bengal  Cuamuer  of  Commerce. 

Catalogus  Musei  Botanici  Lugduno-Batavi,  digessit  F.  A.  Guil. 
Miquel.  Pars  Prima,  Flora  Japonica. — The  UNivERsrrY  of  Leyden- 

Annalos  Musei  Botanici  Lugduno-Batavi,  edidit  F.  A.  Guil.  Mi- 
quel.  Tom.  IV,  Fasc.  6-10. — The  University  of  Leyden. 

Tho  Journal  of  the  Chemical  Society,  for  February,  March,  April, 
1870. — TuE  Chemical  Society  of  London. 


J870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  239 

Monatebericht  der  Koniglich-Preussisclien  Akademie  der  Wis- 
Benschaften  zu  Berlin.  January  to  April,  1870. — The  Berlin 
Academy  of  Sciences. 

.  Abhandlungen  der  Konigliclien  Akademie  der  Wissenschaften 
sa  Berlin,  1867-68.  The  Koniql.  Akademie  deb  Wissenschaf- 
ten, Beelin. 

Actes  de  L'Academie  Imperiale  des  Sciences,  Belles-Lettres  et 
4xte  de  Bordeaux,  3"  Serie,  30*  annee. — The  Bordeaux  Academy. 

BoUettino  della  Societa  Geographica  Italiana,  Fascicolo  4°.— 
The  Italian  Gbograpuical  Society. 

Schriften  der  Konigliclien  Pliysikalish-CEkonomisclien  GesoU- 
schoft  zu  Konigsborg,  8tli  and  9tli  vols. — Tue  Konigsberg  Ac^u:)emy. 

Notes  of  a  Visit  to  Gujrat  in  December,  1869,  by  J.  Bm-gess, 
M.  R.  A.  S.,  F.  R.  G.  S.,— The  Author. 

From  Calcutta  to  London  by  the  Suez  Canal,  by  the  Rev.  C.  H, 
Dall. — The  Author. 
.  Balwantndmah  (Urdu  MS.).— W.  Oldham  Esq.,  LL.  D.,  C.  S. 

Report  on  Sanscrit  MSS.,  submitted  to  the  Goverment,  by  R^jen- 
dralfila  Mitra. — The  Author. 

Prabad  Mala,  or  Bengali  Proverbs  in  English. — ^Rev.  J.  Long. 

Professional  Papers  on  Indian  Engineering,  May  1870. — Thb 
Editor. 

Nuskhah  «  dil-Jcushd,  Vol.  I.,  by  Janmejaya  Mitra. — Babu 
Ba'jendeala'la  Mitra. 

Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol.  HE.  Part  IT.— 
The  Superintendent  Geological  Survey. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  the  Government  of  India,  Home 
Department,  No.  LXXIV. — The  Govt,  of  Bengal. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  the  Govt,  of  Oudh. — The  same. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  Govt.  N.  "VV.  Provinces,  Vol,  III., 
No.  2.— The  same. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  the  Govt,  of  the  Panjab,  No.  VI. 
— ^The  sameI 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  the  Govt,  of  Madras,  No.  XL 
— The  same. 

Sections  from  the  Records  of  the  Bombay  Govt.,  No.  CXV. 
— The  same. 


24a 


Prtcetdin^B  of  the  AHta(u  Socwfy, 


[Jlxy, 


Itt*port  of  tho  Moteorologieal  Reporter  to  the  Government  of 
Bengal,  Meteorological  Abstract  for  1869, — The  saBiIE* 

Sanitary  Report  for  Oudh,  1808-69. — The  bame, 

Eoportufthe  Sanitary  Administi'ation  of  the  Panjab,  1868. — 
The  same. 

BeiKjrt  of  the  PoH<jo  of  tho  Lower  Provinces  of  the  Bengal  Pre* 
irtdency,  for  1868,  VtiLs.  I.  and  II. — The  same. 

Annual  Eeport  of  tho   Madi-as  Modicul  College,   1868-69. — Thb 

Report  on  Madras  Civil  Dispensaries,  I8G7. — TifE  same. 
Report  on  Populoi*  Education  in  the  Panjab,  for   1868-69. — TffE 


Report  on  tho  Administration  of  Civil  Justice  in  the  Province  of 
Oudh,  1868.— The  S.U1E. 

Annual  Report  of  Criminal  and  Civil  Justice,  Rangoon,  1868. — 
The  same, 

Repoil  on  tho  Admluiiitration  of  Civil  Justice,  Panjab,  1868. — 
The  same. 

Nature,  No8.  27—31. 
Athens&um  for  April,  1870. 

Tho  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Nos.  28 — 30. — 
Tho  London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin  Philosopldcal  Magazine,  Nos, 
2G1-2G2.— The  Ibis,  Vol.  YI.  No.  22.— Rovuo  et  Magasiu  do  Zoo- 
logie,  No.  3,— Revue  des  Duux  Mondes,  Avril,  Mai.^The  West- 
niiuster  Review,  April. — The  EiUnlmrgh  Review,  April. — Tho 
Quarterly  Review,  April. — The  North  Bntisli  Review,  April, — 
Coraptes  Reudiis,  Nos.  13 — 16. — Exotit?  Biitti'rilios,  parts  73-74. — 
— ^Lt-^'ons  8UJ*  la  Physiologie,  par  H*  Milne  Edwards,  Tom  9, 
part  n. — Schmarda's  Neue  Turbellarien,  Rotatorien  and  AnneH- 
den. — Tho  Classification  of  the  Sciences,  by  H.  Spencer! — Duncker, 
die  Goschichto  dor  Arier. — Jenyns*  Observations  in  Natural 
History. — Johnstou-s  Cheoiistry  of  Common  Life,  2  Vols. — The 
Year  Book  of  Facts,  1861, 1802,  IBG-I,  1867.— lot eUectual  Observer^ 
Tols.  L— IX.  and  Nos.  13,  li>,  18— .51,  55—62,  64— 7a. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOR  August,  1870. 


A  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  "Wednesday,  the  3rd 
instant,  at  9  p.  m. 

The  Hon'ble  J.  B.  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 

The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the 
last  meeting  were  balloted  for  and  elected  Ordinary  Members — 
E.  H.  Wilson,  Esq.,  C.  8. 
A.  M.  Broadley,  Esq.,  0.  S. 

The  following  gentleman  is  a  candidate  for  ballot  at  the  Septem- 
ber meeting — 

E.  F.  St.  A.  St,  John,  Esq.,  Superintendent  of  North  Arracan, 
Akyab,  proposed  by  the  Hon'ble  J.  B.  Phear,  seconded  by  H. 
Blochmann,  Esq. 

The  following  gentleman  has  intimated  his  desire  to  withdi-aw 
from  the  Society — 

W.  L.  Willson,  Esq. 

A  letter  from  A.  C.  Lyall,  Esq.,  Commissioner  of  West  Borar, 
forwarding  copies  of  inscriptions  foimd  in  the  district,  was  laid 
on  the  table  {vid/!  Proceedings  for  July). 

The  following  letter  from  Major  F.  W.  Stubbs,  enclosing  a 
Sanscrit  inscription  and  several  drawings,  was  read — 

Attack,  20th  May,  1870. 

"  I  send  you  drawings  of  an  inscription  and  somie  curious  rude 
carvings,  both  on  rock,  which  I  copied  from  the  originals  near 
this  the  other  day.    The   Post  Master  here,  Im^  'All,  told  me, 


242 


Procmlings  of  the  Astatic  Society* 


[AuotreT, 


there  was  an  iuscription  on  a  well  of  ^rhich  lie  had   long  heard, 
Imt   hail    never   Been  ;  eo   we   made  an  ex]>edition  together  on  tho 
1 0th  instant,  and  vieitt^d   the   place.     This  you   will   see  by  the! 
eketc'h  map   I  send,  is  not  far  off.     We  drove  out  a  little  beyond 
the  old  fort  near  Mala  Mfm^ur,  whore  the  Tah^il  used  to  be  kept 
in  the  days  of  the  Mughids,   and  the  revenue  realized  from  the  I 
district  (a  much  more  fertile  one  than   in  the  Sikh  rule,  or  since) 
deposited.  Its  name  Jamgdli  is  not  found  on  any  uf  the  UoverLiiaent  ' 
maps.     Prom  thencoi  we  rodo  along  a  ahort  cut  towards  K4mil« 
pur,   loading  for  n  distance   up   the   bed   of  the   Kaneyr   river. 
About  a  couple  of  hundi-ed  yards  otf  the  road  to  the  right,   oup  j 
guido  stopped,  and  pointed  to  a  small  quoi'tzite  boulder  imbedded  I 
in   the   ground  close  to   a   small  depression,  which   he  said  had 
once  been  a  well.     The   inscription  is  on  a  flat  worn  sui^ftice  of 
the  stone.     IJnfortimtitely  a  largo  part  has  been  broken  off  irom 
the  comer,  and  more  titan  half  the  first  line,  and  part  of  the  neixt| 
tliree,  ai'e  thus  lost.     I  could  not  tratie  any  mai'k  of  violence  on  the! 
gtonc  ;  but  the  fracture  must  have  been  caui*od  by  violence.     Alongi 
with  a  facsimile,   I  send  a  copy  which  I  took  in  pencil,  in  order 
that  you  may  compare  both.     The  original  rubbing  I  send  in  a 
eecond  packet  with  some  others.     The  letters  appear  to  be  of  the 
ninth  centiiry.     I  hope  the  lost  part  will  not  prevent  the  generall 
meaning  irom  being  read* 

From  thence  the  guide  took  us  to  another  place,  where  he  told' 
us  there  was  a  rock  carved  all  over  with  letters  which  no  one  coidd 
read.     Going  down  tho  dry  bed  of  the  Kaneyr  and  a  littlo  way  up  J 
that  of  a  smfdl  conlluentj  wo  found  a  largo  block  of  reddi^^h  brown 
day  slate  on  a  tlat,  somewhat  worn  cleavage  surface  of  whidi,  about  ^ 
6  feet  broad  by  4i  deep,  were  a  number  of  curious  looking  chara 
tors,  tliat   at   first   puzzled  me  much.     Without  any  order  of  posin 
tion  or  regularity  of  shape,  slightly  indented  with  the   blunt  point 
of  an  instrument,   rather  than  engravod  on  the  rock  and  ye 
time-worn,   it  was  difficult   to  make  out  what  it  was  that  had  beeiJ 
scratched  upon  the  slate.     With  tlie  aid  of  a  slanting   light,   how-J 
ever,  I  was  able  to  recognize  a  stag,  and  soon  tho  linos  resolve 
themselves  into  a  curious  collection  of  animals  with  here  and  thnr 
something   intended    to  rex*^*gaeut  a  man.     I  send  drawings  of  tli«l" 


1870.] 


PiHicrt'din^n  of  ihe  Asiatic  Sftcift^. 


243 


three  plaineet,  as  also  tlie  nibbings  I  took  In  two  of  the  latter 
which  1  have  put  down  separately,  I  hare  marked  in  colour  the 
animal  intended  to  be  represented,  a  cow  aud  perhaps  a  doo-aatelope. 
Having  done  this,  yoti  know  all  I  do  of  these  curious  relics.  There 
were  no  letters  on  the  rock.  I  tliought  at  first  there  were  oer- 
lain  Aryan  characters,  but  closer  examination  sluiwed  nothing 
resembling  a  letter.  There  are  no  local  traditions  respecting 
either  this  or  the  well  inscription  j  but  the  plac^  may  yield  some- 
thing olse  to  further  search.     If  so,  I  wiU  try  and  get  all  I  can. 

The  colouring  of  the  drawings  is  as  rude  as  the  carving  of  the 

isginal.  It  does  not  represent  the  colour  of  the  rock  which  is  a 
dark  blue  brown,  tinged  with  red/' 

Babu  E^jendrfdaln  Mitra  said — 

'*The  lettors  of  Major  Stubbs'  inscription  are  unmistakeably 
^rit,  so  is  its  language.  In  the  first  line,  the  words  Sri  Ftsh' 
iu  are  clearly  legible.*  The  second  I  read  pada  pari  pa^aha^  '*  im- 
pression of  the  feet,**  and  the  third,  pttkti  prd  hhuta  kauMuhha 
"jewels  (named  kauMtuhhd)  arranged  in  a  line,"  and  infer  therefrom 
that  the  monument  was  inscribed  by  some  pious  Hindu  to  rc<?nrd 
the  dedication  of  a  block  containing  an  imjiression  of  Vishnu's  feet ; 
but  a  portion  of  the  right  hand  side  of  the  stone  being  broken 
and  missing,  I  caniiot  be  positive,'* 

The  following  letter   from   H.  James  Eaixey,  Esq.,  Zemindar  of 
Khulna,  Jessore^  addremt^d  to   Hk!«^ry   F.  BLA^npoRD,   Esq.,    was 
.  read : — 

Khulna,  the  25th  Jun^,  187a 
"  I  have  the  honor  to  bring  to  your  notice  the  ocourrenoe  in 
Districts  of  Backergunge  and  Jessore,   and  even  as  far  north 
iPiuTuudpore,  I  believe,  periodirullv  during  the  prevalence  of  tha 


•  /Viiavi  rij-t  of  Major  Stuhb/  insa'uptuyn  lr^  l*cva  Kd*ffxri» 

^fVwj   a    •    •    • 

•■3 


fT^erf^f^ 


"wfe^^  I 


244 


Pr0eM(ihtpM  o/fhif  A^iaik  Saetetg* 


[AuacsT, 


6,  W.  monsoon  and  raiuj  SQoaon,  of  certain  p^^uliar  noises  from  the 
noutli  and  south-etist  direotions,  or  soaboard,  resembling  the  rejwrt 
of  cannons  or  loud  explo.stona,  usually  lieard  distinctly  after  a  htttfy 
fall  0/  rain^  m'  c^smtium  0/  a  tnjuall,  ffentfralli/  whilst  tk$  lUh  in  riBtft^j 
and  to  fiolieit  your  being  good  enough  to  investigate  tHs  physical 
phenomenon,  witli  the  viow  of  disi.covering  the  cause  thereof,  its 
tliere  most  deddedly  exists  a  profound  iguurunee  on  the  siiliject  bj 
the  public  at  large,  and  more  partieularly  as  it  may  prove  of  some 
interest  to  scientifio  research." 

**  In  tho  E)i{ilUhman  Newspaper,  a  corrc'Spondcmt  under  tlie 
wgnature  of  MarmU,  has  lately  noticed  these  singular  nuisesg  as  you 
may  liave  casually  observed,  with  the  avowed  intention  of  obtain- 
ing an  authoritative  explanation  of  it ;  Imt  judging  from  the  futfle 
eflbcta  of  numerous  previous  similar  attempts,  I  tlo  not  think,  he  is 
liktdy  to  meet  with  better  suooess,  which  is  ray  only  apology 
for  trcrubling  you  on  the  subject,  though  it  may  be  hardly  needed, 
as  I  venture  to  think,  you  will  be  sulfiii^ntly  interested  in  the  en- 
quii^i  to  enter  into  it  een  amore/*    ♦    «    • 


In  inviting  discussion,  the  President  remarked  that  the  subject 
was  not  quite  new  to  the  Society.  It  was  brought  forward  several 
years  ago,  and  a  paper  upon  it  was  to  be  found  in  a  volume  of  tlie 
Journal  to  which  liis  memory  did  not  at  the  moment  enable  him  to 
refer.  The  better  opinion  at  that  time  appeared  to  be,  that  tbd 
sounds  were  attributable  to  breakers  on  the  sea  coast.  Phenome- 
na of  a  similar  kind,  undoubtedly  due  to  tliis  cause,  were  met 
with  elsewhere.  In  Devonshire  and  Cornwall,  along  tho  northern 
face  of  which  at  times  a  very  heavy  swell  rolls  In  irora  the  Atlantic, 
the  booming  of  the  surf  is  heaixl  at  CMinsiderabls  distances. 

Mr.  Westlimd  said  : — 

•*  As  to  the  aciual  occurrence  of  thede  unexplained  sounds,  there  j 
can  be  no  doubt ;  they  havo  beon  heard  by  r^^ry  mmy  persons  and 
are  perfectly  well-known  in  those  parts  of  country  where  tliey  are 
heard.  1  have  myself  heard  them,  or  at  least  hare  heard  sonndaj 
agreeing  in  doj^criptiou  with  these  **  Btirisal  guas,**  to  which  I  coidd 
not  assign  any  known  cause.  About  March  1 865,  a  paper  waj^  read 
before  the  Society,  by  Babu  Gour  Das  Bys^ick,  in  which  ho  inferred  | 

\ 


1870.] 


PfOcml$fig9  of  the  Amttie  Saeiety. 


24$ 


to  the  sounds,  and  mentioned  the  theory  of  thoir  being  caused  by 
surf  breaking  upon  the  shoi^o  of  the  Bea,  and  ho  statod  tilso  that 
an  expedition  once  sturted  southwardB  to  discover  tht^ir  origin,  but 
after  going  a  certain  distantjo  southwai*ds,  had  to  return. 

A0  for  the  orij^a  of  the  sounds,  which  are  beard  forty  or  fi.fty 
miles  from  the  seashore,  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  any  re- 
liable theory  has  been  started*  The  opinion  tliat  they  proceed 
from  the  operation  of  the  sea  and  the  rivers  in  tlie  formation  of 
islands,  it  is  impossible  to  accept ;  for  if  the  process  of  island-for- 
mation had  been  going  on  so  violently  and  so  froquently  txs  would 
be  indictitod  by  the  natm-o,  and  frerpiency  of  occurrence  of  theso 
sounds,  the  Bay  of  Bengal  would  havo  boon  by  this  time  haK-filled 

ritli  isbinds," 
Mr.  Dull  remarked  that  his  attention  was  first  called  to  these  myste* 
rtouA  eonnds,  dimng  the  month  of  September,  twelve  or  fourteen 
years  ago,  at  Furreedpore.  He  did  nut  hear  them,  but  was  made 
aware  that  the  attention  of  the  Europ«an  residents  tliere,  had  been 
drawn  to  them,  and  not  a  little  effurt  made  to  discover  their  cause. 
The  idea,  that  thoy  were  echoed  surf  sounds  from  a  distant 
shore,  was  never  namod  or  thought  of.  They  did  not  appear 
to  come  from  the  dif  ection  of  the  sea  side  ;  which  was  also  at  too 
!it  a  distance  from  Furreedpore,  to  be  looked  to  as  the  place  for 

ounds,  that  answered  rather  to  the  loud  discharges  of  artillery 
three  or  four  miles  away.  Mr.  Dall  was  at  the  time  the  guest  of 
Mr.  Uaveushaw,  (since  made  Commissioner  of  Cuttack),  and  he 
ad  that  ho  had  bonn  occasionally  awaked  from   a  sound  sleep,    at 

iiidnight  by  these  "  gunsj*     Such  as  ho  liad  hearil,  seemed  to  come 
from  the  east,  and  Mr,  Itavenahnw  had  been  told  of  a  boating  par- 
ty crossing  the  waters  from  Furreedpore  towards  Dacca,  who  had  , 
first  hoard  the   **guns"   in  advance,  and  afterwards  in  their  rear,  I 
westwards.     Slight  earthc^uake  movements  being  by  no  moana  un- 
conmiori  throughout  Lower  Bengal,  most  thinkers  thereabout  were 
ined  to  ascribe  the  sounds  to  explosive  gases   stirred   by   some 
of  volcanic  action,    and  escaping  to  the  surface  through  the  ! 
wateiti,   which,   at  that  season,    flooded  the  country  in  every  direc- 
tion, rendering  tlie  plae^  of  explosion  diificult  of  observation  by  re- 
liable witnesses.     Native   observation   of  tlie   disturbance  of  the 


240 


Procffidin^ft  of  thfi  As'mtte  Soctftt/, 


[Atrocraf, ' 


wfttora  (if  Mr,  Dall  reraembered  rightly)  luid  been  net^nsionally 
reported,  but  hardly  bolioved.  The  only  other  solution  suggested 
at  Furreedpore  was,  that  the  noiaos  were  caused  by  the  falling  in 
of  large  ma^sses  of  oarth  from  tho  aides  of  rivers  whic-h  are  every 
year  changing  their  beds.  Tho  "  giina"  were  heard,  oecasionaUyp 
in  tolerably  quick  succession  ;  and  sometimes  three  ur  four  in  the 
course  of  an  hour  ;  and  again  weeks  would  pass  without  their  l>eing 
hodird  at  alL  But  of  this  the  speaker  was  not  very  definitely  in- 
formed, lie  was  sure  that  careful  and  lutoUigent  observers,  like 
Air.  IZavenshaw,  would  give  Uie  Society  all  they  knew  on  the  sub* 
jeet  if  applied  to  by  the  Secretary, 

Mr.  Blanlbrd  said,  that  to  enable  tho  meeting  better  to  appre- 
ciate the  nature  of  the  phenomonon  described  by  Mr.  Rainey,  and 
the  explanatiouA  that  had  been  hazarded  respecting  it,  he  would 
first  read  the  brief  notice  of  the  Barisal  guns  that  had  ^already 
appeared  ia  tho  pages  of  the  Society's  Journal.  After  reading 
an  extract  from  a  paper  by  Babu  Gour  Das  Bysack,  published  in 
Part  1  of  the  Journal  for  1867,  (Vol.  XXXVI)  he  pointed  out  that 
of  the  causes  suggested,  one  only  could  be  considered  a  vera  canm 
and  worl.hy  therefore  of  attention,  viz.  that  snggostod  by  Mr.  Pollew 
in  the  extract  he  had  read,  and  again  this  evening  by  the  Presidfiut 
of  the  Society.  Subterranean  and  vokanic  agencies,  &c.,  in  the 
absence  of  any  c^^rroborative  evidence,  must  be  classed  with  the 
*  eheirtcity*  which,  at  the  present  day,  is  popidarl}^  appended  to,  as  the 
cause  of  every  ill -understood  phenomenon,  precisely  as  *  Bulplmt* 
was  appealed  to  in  earlier  times,  under  similar  eircumstanees,  A 
thick  alluvial  formation  such  as  the  Dolta,  would  be  but  ill-fitted 
Cor  conveying  a  sound  wave  under  any  circumstances,  and  did  any 
such  sound  as  that  described  proceed  from  aubterranean  volcjinic 
action,  it  is  difficult  to  conceive  that  it  aliould  be  unaccompanied  by 
any  tremour  of  the  ground*     But  none  such  is  spoken  of. 

The  conditions  under  which  tho  sounds  were  hoard,  were  all  such 
as  to  point  to  the  breaking  of  the  surf  as  their  cau>io.  They  aro 
haard  during  the  8.W.  monsoon,  especially  in  the  luU  after  a 
squall  when  the  surf  theretbre  is  liighest.  To  clear  up  every 
supposed  difficulty,  much  closer  observation  was  doubtless  re- 
quired, than  had  hitherto  been  given  to  the  matter.     But  as  far  fts 


1S70.]  Proceedings  (ff  ihf  A»iaUv  Bormy.  24T 

lit  evideno<i  goes,  tlio  beating  of  the  surf  ?st»omH  a  {»ml)ubk 
,  and  it  b  tlio  onli^  dofimte  omisu  that  has  been  u^sigruHl. 

Mr.  Westhmd  said — **  I  bai-dly  venture  in  diiTor  in  apiuiou  ultli 
Mr.  Blanfurd  on  a  matter  of  tlii^  niitiire,  but  it  set'ms  to  nit?  that 
there  is  one  very  great  dilKeulty  in  aLcepting  tlio  surf  tLt^ory.  wkicL 
I  ah  all  try  to  explain. 

In  the  first  place^  it  must  bo  remembered  tlmt  theao  sounds  am 
heard  some  foi-ty  or  tifty  miles  from  the  sea  yhore.  Thii*  is  a  dijfc* 
tanee  over  which  the  sound  of  camion  even  rarely  travels  so  oa  to 
be  distinctly  pereeived,  and  even  in  the  case  of  accumvilai4>d  dia* 
charges  of  cannon,  such  as  in  tinng  sidutes,  or  in  tlie  caets  of  u 
battle,  the  imstunces  of  theb*  beiug  heai-d  over  su<th  long  distanci.\»| 
ore  euiliciently  rai-e  to  be  regarded  as  nmisual  phenoiiiGna,  Now  in 
the  case  of  these  **  Bari#<al  (Jims**  the  noises  are  heard  not  raiily, 
but  fretiuenily^  over  these  long  diiitunces,  and  after  forty  ur  fifty 
miles  traveUiiig  from  the  sea,  if  they  really  come  theneO|  they  are 
fitill  sharp  and  well-heard  ^cjunds.  If  they  are  produced  by  the 
breaking  of  surf,  it  is  clear  tliut  to  produce  a  sound  loud  enough 
to  be  heai'd  so  well  over  sueh  a  long  dtstance,  it  will  riHiuire»  not 
the  breaking  of  a  wave  at  any  one  point,  but  the  breaking  of  waves  1 
over  a  considerable  extent  uf  shore. 

It  is  possible  to  imagine  a  wave  breaking  simultaneously  over  a 
long  line  of  shore,  but  imfortunutely  sound  dues  not  travel  simul* 
taneoualy.  The  travcUiug  of  ttound  is  very  slow  indeed  over  such 
a  long  distance  oa  forty  miles,  and  the  concuHbion  prtjducod  by  the 
breaking  of  one  part  of  the  wave  would  neeessai-ily  reach  the  obsor^ 
ver*8  ear  long  before  that  produced  by  the  breaking  of  another  part ; 
the  sound  of  this  simultaneously  breaking  wave  wouhl,  to  tlie  distant 
hearer^  bo  scattered  over  a  little  spmce  of  lime,  and  bo  tliprefore  im- 
perceptiblo  through  itn  Toeing  so  scattered.  The  suimd  as  it  is 
Bcrtually  heard,  however,  is  suHieientJy  ©harp  to  be  eoeipared,  aa 
it  is  by  every  ono»  with  that  of  a  gun. 

It  is  not  tlierefore  by  a  simultaneously  breakiug  wave,  that  the 
sound  can  bo  produced,  but  it  can  oidy  be  (on  Ui©  wave-breaking 
hj^pothesis)  by  a  number  of  waves,  or  what  is  tlxe  same  thing, 
different  ptirtfl  of  the  same  wave,  breaking  at  diflerent  pails  of  the 
eoost,  their  ntomenlB  of  breaking  bi-ing  so  arranged,  that  the  *ionnd 
starting  at  these  diifereut  moments  fium  these  dillorently  di^tmit 


248 


^f  the  Asiatic  Society. 


[ArousT, 


points^  will  I'tjath  the  observer's  ear  at  one  instant  of  tmiL%  8o  that 
the  eoncuaaiuna,  though  Boparately  impoiTcptilJe,  ffnnn,  hy  their  eii- 
multitive  efibct,  a  single  perceptible  concuasion,  producing  th©  sound 
as  iif  a  gun.  It  is  possible  to  imagine  the  occuvrenct*,  ont-o  in  a 
way,  of  this  exact  arrangement  of  so  many  djtferent  waves,  but  it 
is  a  concurrent  arrangement  of  so  many  elementa  as  to  form,  even 
in  a  single  occurrence,  a  wonderful  uoineidenoo.  But  that  the  same 
coincidence  should  occur,  with  respect  to  the  same  observer,  over 
and  over  again  at  intervala  of  ten  minutes  or  S0|  during  a  single 
night,  is  to  me  quite  inconceivable  ;  and  I  cannot  at  present  occopt 
a  theory  which  requires  me  to  believe  in  the  frequently  repeated 
occurrence  of  such  an  extremely  unlikely  event. 

The  chief  argument  in  support  of  the  surf  theory,  lies  in  the 
fdlcgation  that  the  sounds  are  heard  most  frequently  in  a  hill  fol- 
lowing a  storm,  when  the  waves  might  be  expiictcd  to  be  loudest. 
But  this  is  a  fiict  somewhat  vaguely  stated,  and  without  moro 
€«xtonded  and  more  exact  observation,  it  cannot  be  accepted  as  tlie 
basis  of  any  conclusion. 

Another  remark  I  would  make  on  the  surf  theory  is  this.  Wo 
see  the  production  of  the  noise  depends  upon  the  existence  of  cer- 
tain  couditions  as  to  the  comparative  distances  from  the  observer's 
ear  of  the  various  points  where  tlu?  waves  break.  Now  to  two 
observers  distiiut  froni  each  othor  by  even  ten  miles,  these  dist^m- 
ces  are  necessarily  quite  dilTerent,  and  the  same  series  of  waves 
which  combine  to  produce  a  perceptible  sound  up(jn  the  ear  of  ono 
observer,  cannot  so  combine  with  reference  to  the  otlier  observer. 
Tlie  various  concussions  will  nut  meet  at  his  ear,  but  will  be  stiat- 
tered  over  a  short  apace  of  tiiuo,  and  tlma  bo  dissipated. 

If  therefore  we  could  find  as  a  matter  of  fact  that  the  sounds 
were  simultaneously  perceived  by  two  distant  ob^crrers,  we  could 
deduce  from  that  foL't  the  conclusion  Ihat  they  are  not  produced  by 
the  breaking  of  waves,  or  in  fact  by  any  other  cause  which  is  nut 
strictly  conEned  to  one  spot,  but  depunds  for  its  efTect  upuii  attm- 
mulatiou  from  a  numl»or  of  pai'tial  rfiuses  (such  as  the  breaking  of 
diilV^rent  waves,  or  dltTeront  parts  of  tho  same  wave)  tqjread  ovist 
a  certain  vxtent  of  space.  The  breaking  nf  a  wave  two  or  thr<M> 
miles  long,   might  be  cuucuivuU   so  to  toku  place  as  to  produce  at 


isrc] 


I^aciedmgi  of  th  A$iatk  Sactefy, 


249 


any  given  point  a  flimultanGoiis  sound  px'eceded  and  followed  by 
sQenee,  but  tJie  conditions  neceBSEirj'  for  it  to  produce  tliat  effect, 
^ouM  render  it  imfw:*s8ible  that  its  sound  should  be  heard  as  a 
iiiiltanoous  eomid  at   any  other  point  even  slightly  distant  from 

he  first. 

The  first  step,  as  it  seemE  to  mej  towards  making  any  deduction 
whatever  as  to  the  origin  of  the  sounds,  is  one  wliich  might  eosOy 
be  taken,  and  has  not  yet  been  taken,  namely  the  investigation 
whether  the  nights  when  the  Bounds  are  frequent  at  one  place,  are 
the  same  as  those  in  which  thoy  are  fret^uent  at  another  somewhat 
distant  X)laee.  From  a  few  comparisons  bearing  on  this  point,  we 
could  at  least  tU&eovw  whether  the  cause  was  a  general  one,  or 
only  a  pui'«>ly  local  one. 

Biibn  ItAjendralala  Mitra  thought  that  though  the  surf  theory 
seeioed  to  be  viewed  with  great  favor,  it  did  not  meet  all  the  require- 
ments of  the  case.  There  was  no  question  that  sound  was  audible 
from  great  distances  under  particular  conditionj^  of  the  atmosphere  ; 
hut  it  has  yet  to  be  shown  how,  in  travellings  it  undergy)e8  such 
teansniutation,  as  to  ehajige  the  dull  roaring  of  the  surf  into 
distinct  detached  sountls  of  the  booniing  of  a  gun,  and  how  that 
booming  ie  heard  eight  or  ten  times  successively,  and  then  is  fol- 
lowed by  a  lull.  Heavy  sur^  besides,  was  common  wherever 
the  eea  rolled  over  a  low  shelving  beach,  but  it  was  not  always  fol- 
lowed by  die  peculiar  booming.     If  it  be    said   that    tli*j    estuaries 

I  the  Delta  favoui'ed  the  transmission  of  sound,  still  the  dilhculiy 
"would  remain  unexplained  ;  for  tho  Deltas  of  the  Wwati,  the  Ma- 
hanaddf,  the  Ilanube,  tlie  Hississippi  and  the  Amazon,  had  similar 
^etuaries,  but  they  did  not  produce  the  **  Barisal  gims.**  At  Pdri, 
too  J  they  were  never  hcvard.  Even  at  the  ba^e  of  the  Gangetic 
Delta,  they  were  not  common  every  whi^re,  but  couhned  to  one  locali- 
ty, and  it  was  probable  therefore  that  some  other  iigency  was  at 
work  besides  the  surf  to  produce  them. 

Mr.  Blanford  said  that  he  could  not  agree  with  Bdbu  KSjendra 
Ula  Mitra  that  tho  conditions  of  tho  Mahnuaddi  Delta  bore  any  great 
reaemblanco  to  those  of  that  part  of  the  Ganges  Delta,  where  the 
£arisal  guns  are  heard,  with  regard  to  the  supposed  conditions  of 
the  phenomongn.     The  shore  line  of  the  Maliinaddi  Delta   h  very 


250  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society:  [August, 

similar  to  that  of  other  parts  of  the  Orissa  and  Madras  coast.  Thero 
are  no  estuaries  with  expanses  of  sand  banks  whic^h  are  dry  at  low 
water  and  exposed  to  the  full  brunt  of  the  S.  AV.  wind,  and  the 
direction  of  the  wind  in  the  S.  W.  monsoon  is  more  or  less  parallel 
to  the  coast.  There  is  therefore  l)ut  one  line  of  breakers,  and  the 
sound  they  produce  is  not  so  likely  to  be  heard  far  inland.  Ho 
could  not  therefore  attach  much  weight  to  Babu  Bajendralala  Mitra's 
objection. 

In  reply  to  Mr.  Blanford,  Bdbu  Rajendraldla  Mitra  said  that 
it  was  true  that  the  position  of  the  Mahiinaddi  running  towards 
the  east  was  not  favorable  to  a  particularly  heavy  surf,  but  the 
Irdwati  opened  to  the  south,  and  the  rush  of  the  tidal  wave  from 
the  Southern  Hemisphere  marched  on  its  coast  with  great  force,  but 
yet  the  peculiar  booming  sound  was  there  never  produced. 

The  President  thought  that  Mr.  Westland  had  over-estimated 
the  force  of  two  of  the  objections  which  he  proposed  to  Mr.  Blan- 
ford's  explanation.  In  the  first  place,  he  felt  sure  from  his  own 
experience,  that  under  favourable  circumstances,  the  report  of  heavy 
ordnance  might  be  heard  at  distances  comparable  with  those  of 
which  Mr  Eainey  wrote  ;  in  the  part  of  Suffolk,  with  which  he  was 
familiar,  it  was  not  an  uncommon  thing  to  hoar  the  guns  of  the 
Harwich  redoubt,  say  twenty  miles  off,  and  probably  these  were 
all  pieces  of  small  calibre.  And  on  some  occasions,  the  sounds  of 
firing  at  Sheerness  or  elsewhere  in  the  noighboiu'hood  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Thames,  reached  the  same  place,  and  must  have  traversed  not 
less  than  fifty  miles.  Also  he  thought  that  if  they  reflected  for  a 
moment  upon  the  behaviour  of  a  roller  as  it  broke  upon  the  shore, 
they  would  perceive  a  reason,  why  its  sound  might  at  a  distance 
be  nothing  more  than  a  single  roi)ort.  The  mass  of  water  in  mo- 
tion, CMjnstituting  one  of  these  rollers,  was  during  the  swell,  which 
succuoded  a  storm  in  the  bay,  exceedingly  large.  As  the  lower 
part  was  checked  in  its  advance  over  the  shallow  flats  of  the  coast, 
the  crest  of  tlu*  wave  gained  uixm  its  base,  until  it  was  left  with- 
out support,  iukI  then  an  enormous  volume  of  water  endued  with 
cunsidorablo  liorizontal  velocity,  fell  from  some  height  with  a  very 
great  shock  ;  this  occurred  first  at  the  point  of  the  roller  where  the 
mass  aud  the  elevation  was  the  greatest ;  the  shock  was  sudden,  be- 


1870.]  Proceedingsof  the  Asiatic  Society,  251 

cause  it  succeeded  tranquillity,  and  it  was  violent.  The  process  of 
breaking  then  ran  along  tlie  length  of.tlio  roller,  but  it  was  very 
different  in  result  from  the  first  crash  ;  tho  fall  of  each  succeeding 
element  was  in  some  degree  stayed  by  its  predecessors.  All  pre- 
sent who  had  been  at  the  sea-sido  would  remember  how  markedly 
the  sound  of  the  first  blow  of  a  great  breaker  prevailed  above  the 
continuation  of  the  roar.  On  the  shore  itself,  and  for  some  dis- 
tance inland,  no  doubt  the  whole  sound,  moie  or  less  prolonged  and 
confused,  would  be  heard ;  but  he,  the  President,  supposed  it  might 
well  happen,  that  further  inland  still,  the  minor  sound  would  be  so 
weakened  in  intensity,  as  to  bo  lost  and  only  the  greater,  that  which 
results  from  the  first  shock,  would  remain.  If  so,  the  phenomenon 
would  be  reduced,  almost  precisely,  to  that  of  a  single  distant  ex- 
plosion.* Also  in  the  breaking  of  surf  upon  a  beach,  there  always 
occurred  maximum  breakers  at  intervals  of  greater  or  loss  duration. 
Thus  the  explanation  to  which  Mr.  Blanford  gave  his  support, 
seemed  to  be  fitted  to  account  fur  these  so-called  Barisal  guns  in  all 
respects.  But  the  matter  should  not  bo  left  to  conjecture.  A  little 
careful  observation  ought  to  suffice  to  clear  it  up,  and  he  thought 
the  Council  might  readily  effect  the  organization  ue(;essary  for  the 
purpose. 

The  following  paj^ers  were  read — 

I.      On  the  Capture  and  Death  of  Prince  Lard  Shikoh. — By  H. 
Bloch>laxn,  Esq.,  M.  A. 
(Abstract.) 
'    Mr.  Blochmann  exhibited  a  rare  (Delhi)  MS.,  tlie  property  of 
the  Government,  bearing  on  the  fly  leaf  an  autograph   of  Dara 
Shikoh.     lie  said,    the   MS.   was  a  cojjy  of  a  religious  poem  by 
Bahauddin  Sultdn  Walad,  son  of  the  groat  piifi-poet  Maulaud  Jalil- 
uddin  i  Hiimi,  and  was  of  great  value  as  l>oing  in  tlie  handwriting 
of  the  author  himself  (A.  H.  697,  or  A.  1).  1297-98.) 
■    The  religious  views  of  Dard  Shikoh,  like  those   of  the  emperor 
Akbar,  present  many  points  of  interest.     lie  was  tho  author  of  the 

•  Prof.  Tyndall  in  his  Lecturat  on  Found,  Bays  (p.  55)—"  Tho  roar  of  the 
breaking  wave  itself  is  mainly  due  Uj  tho  exiilosiun  of  bladders  of  air.  Tub 
Pbksiuknt. 


262 


t*f'(Keetiiftq/i  of  f/if  Attiatic  Soetei^. 


[AtGU^r, 


•Stf/iwaf  al-auliti^  a  work  coiitaming  biographical  ni>tit.'ee  of  Muham- 
tandan  Baluts,  and  of  a  treatise  ou  Mystirism  (^Ta^awwiif),  MSS.  of 
Uieae  two  work*  ore  very  rare,  and  the  copies  in  thu  Govurumont 
coUec'tiun  uf  Delhi  M8S.  are  ptsrUaps  unique.  The  Ptn-sian  traiis- 
latioQ  of  tlie  ITpaaisUads  wUiuli  was  made  at  Dara's  ooet,  waa  men- 
tion od  by  most  Historians* 

Tho  writer  then  montious  tJio  two  battles  wliieli  Dir&  Hliikoh 
lost  against  Aarangzib».his  younger  brother.  The  first  was  fought 
on  the  6th  Eatnaz^,  1068  (28th  May,  1658,  A.  D.)  at  Samogar^ 
nine  miles  east  of  .^gi-ah,  in  the  Parganah  of  Fathfibdd  ;  and  the 
second  at  Deor4,  3  Aw  south  of  Ajmir,  on  the  27th  and  28th 
Juiuada  tl,  1069,  or  1 2th  and  laili  March,  1659,  A.  I). 

After  the  last  battle  Dira  tied  to  Ahmadabid,  and  from  thence 
over  Kaehli  to  BUakkar  and  crossed  the  Indus.  He  passed 
the  territory  of  the  GhandC  tribe  (Dehrikot,  Long,  67®  34',  Lat. 
27°  38'),  that  of  tho  Magasis,  and  reached  at  last  Dador  (I^ong. 
07*^  4r,  Lat.  29*^'  26'),  a  town  which  enjoys  the  notoriety  of  being 
the  hottest  inhabited  place  on  eai^th.  The  Zaminddr  of  the  jdace, 
Malik  J i wan,  reeeived  Dard  hospitably;  but  no  sooner  had  the 
priuce  lell  Didar  for  ftandiiliir  thou  Malik  Jitvan,  or  his  brother, 
foil  upon  him,  touk  him,  tind  his  son  Sipihr  Shikoh,  prUonerB,  and 
haudt.Hl  them  over  to  Anrangzib^s  otilcers. 

iJiii-i  8hikoh  was  kiUed,  at  Aurangzib's  orders,  by  Ko^ar  Beg 
ChtOali  at  IChizrabad  (Delhi)  on  the  21st  Zi  Hajjab  1069,  or  3lst 
August,  1650,  and  was  buried  in  Hum&yun'B  Tomb, 

The    writer    thou     mentions    the     discrepancies    "  i     tho 

*^/<MwytriMW4iA,  Mantir  i   Xiamijiri^  Khdfi  Khan^  the  i  ^^^a la- 

tin I  Ohaghldif  and  European  Hn^turics,  as  Bemier,  Mphinstoxie^ 
Mamhtuan,  vVc,  Klphiofttone  plai!e8  the  capture  of  Dira  SKikoli 
^in  £(iJitrm  8indh,  instead  of  near  Qandahar,  and  givea  insteail  of 
^  MaUk  Jiwan,  Zamindir  of  Didar'  merely  ike  *  Chief  of  Jim  or  Jiim* 
(which  lies  in  Eastern  Siadh,  between  T*hat'hah  and  Amrtot). 
|Manduuan  increases  the  coni\iaion«   by  calliug   this  Afghan  Za- 

adir  <  a  Btigah  ;*  but  Malik  J(iraii  could  not  have  been  a  Hindu, 
because  ho  subsequently  reomred  ito*n  Aurangztb  the  title  of 
Bakbty^r  iThdn.—a  title  never  conferred  on  Hindus.  It  would 
appear  that  Elphinstoue,  or  tbe  sources  (rom  which  be  copied^ 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Societij,  20.3 

read  M}y^  vSi^U  malik  i  jiitUy  for  \dj^  '■^U*  mdlik  jiican;  and 
malik,  owner,  having  "been  translated  hy  '  chief,'  *  Jiwan'  was 
arbitrarily  changed  to  '  Ji^n  or  JuHj'  to  suit  the  *  owner.'  13ut  tho 
name  of  the  town  in  Eastern  Sindh,  which  Elphinstoiio  meant,  is 
Jon.  It  is  now  quite  unimportant ;  but  it  was  formerly,  up  to  tho 
timeB  of  Akbar,  renowned  for  its  beautiful  gardens. 

A  short  discussion  followed  tho  reading  of  the  paper  as  to  whe- 
ther the  title  of  Xhdn  had  ever  been  conferred  on  Tlindiis  or  not. 
Several  Members  mentioned  examples  of  Hindus  bearing  this  title. 
Mr.  Blo(rhmann  tliought,  they  miglit  have  atfsumed  the  title ;  but 
he  had  not  met  witli  a  single  instance  in  the  Histories  of  India, 
from  tlie  Memoirs  of  Babar  to  the  TazkinttiMsaldfin  and  Khdfi  Khan, 
that  the  Mughid  Government  ever  con/erred  the  title  of  Khdn  on  a 
Hindu. 

II. — Notes  on  theArcli<€oJogical  Remains  on  the  Assia^  AUl,  and  Darpan 
Hills  (Orissa). — JJg  Babu  Chandilv  Sekiiaua  Baneiue^v. 
(Abstract.) 
The  antiquities  noticed  are  met  with  on  the  summits  of  three 
hills,  two  of  which  are  situated  in  the  centre  of  the  Katak  Dis- 
trict, and  the  other  on  its  western  border.  The  names  which  the 
natives  give  to  them  are  Assiagiri  (marked  Assiah  on  the  maps), 
Naltigiri,  and  Banmil)anta  or  Mahabin&yaka.  The  first  of  thcso 
has  four  peaks,  on  one  of  which  tlio  Prophet  is  fabled  to  have 
alighted  for  prayer  on  his  aerial  joumey,  and  left  his  foot-x)rint  ; 
there  is  a  mosque  built  on  a  spot  So 00  feet  aT)Ove  the  level 
of  tho  surrounding  countr^^  by  Shuja'uddin  Muhammad  Khan, 
in  tho  year  1 132  of  the  Hijrali.  The  second  i)oak  is  called  Udaya  Giri. 
Tho  sea  is  said  to  liave  once  touched  its  foot,  though  it  has  now  re- 
ceded to  a  great  distance.  The  most  remarkable  objects  on  it  are  a 
collosal  iigui-e  of  Buddha,  nine  feet  in  height,  and  a  b^oli,  or  well, 
lined  with  stones,  a  sculptured  gateway,  and  remains  of  two  temples. 
At  the  foot  of  the  third  peak  are  to  be  found  tho  ruins  of  a  large 
fort,  and  at  that  of  the  fourlli  2)eak,  called  Achuta  haMantay  there  is  a 
small  building,  once  the  abode  of  a  hill  chief.  Close  by  is  a  place 
called  Amai-abati,  which  was  at  one  time  tlie  capital  of  one  of  tho 


254  l?roceedingH  of  the  Asiatic  Socieif/.  [August, 

Gangavansa  kings.  There  was  a  large  fort  built  of  laterite,  which 
has  lately  been  entirely  demolished,  and  its  materials  used  for  the 
repair  of  the  Trimk  Road.  A  magnificent  tank,  twenty  acres  in  area, 
and  some  broken  pillars  are  all  that  now  remain  to  attest  its  former 
greatness.  The  Mahabindyaka  hill  stands  by  the  side  of  the  high 
road  to  Katak,  and  is  covered  by  a  dense  foresti  It  has  a  small 
temple  and  a  perennial  fountain  which  are  held  in  great  reverence 
by  the  people,  and  the  place  is  reckoned  to  be  one  of  the  four  most 
sacred  spots  in  Orissa. 

The  receipt  of  the  following  communications  was  announced — 

1.  Notes  on  the  Mondar  Hill. — By  Babu  Rashbehareb  Bobe, 
Ba7i1;a, 

2.  A     Gondi    Vocahulary    (enlfirged). — By  Bev.    J.    Dawsow, 

CniNDWARA. 

3.  The  Vdstu  Ydya,  and  its  hearings  upon  Tree  and  Serpent-warship 
in  India. — By  Babu  Pratapa  Chaat^ra  Ghosha,  B.  A. 

4.  Notes  on  sotne  Reptilia  and  Amphibia  from  Central  India^ — 
by  W.  T.  Blanford,  Esq.,  F.  G.  8.,  C.  M.  Z.  S.,  &c. 

(Abstract.) 

The  writer  has  been  mainly  induced  to  collect  and  note  the 
localities  of  Reptiles  by  finding  that  the  provinces  into  which  Dr. 
Giinthor  proposed,  in  his  *  Reptiles  of  British  India,'  to  divide 
the  Peninsula,  differ  to  a  very  important  extent  from  those  which 
ai)X)eared  probable  from  a  study  of  the  land  Mollusca,  the  birds, 
and  mammals.  It  appears  that  Dr.  Giinther  was  to  some 
extent  misled  by  the  imperfect  evidence  at  his  disposal ;  for  the 
Roptilia  appear  to  agi-ee  in  distribution  with  the  other  animals 
mentioned. 

The  following  are  the  Zoological  sub-divisions,  into  which  the 
writer  j^roposes  to  divide  India  proper.  He  especially  restricts  this 
name  to  the  country  to  which  it  was  originally  applied,  and 
excludes  the  regions  east  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  which  are  entirely 
different  in  climate,  inhabitants,  zoology,  and  botany. 

1.  The  Panjab  province.  This  is  the  eastern  extension  of 
the  great  desert  province. 

2.  The  Indian  province  proper,  thus  sub-divided — 


1870.]  Proceed  in ffM  of  the  A  ^  ioti*  •  JSovicf//  U  .3  .'> 

a.  Qniigetic  sub-province. 

b.  Dcecan  sub-province. 

c.  Bengal  aub-j^rovinco. 

d.  Madras  sub-province,  in^rhuling  Northern  Ceylon. 

3.  Tlie  Eastern  Bengal  province.  This  belongs  in  a  groat 
measure  to  the  Indo -Chi nose  fauna. 

4,  The  Midabar  province — Southern  Ooylon  and  all  tlie  W(}storn 
Coast  of  India,  with  tlie  so-called  Weatern  Ghats,  as  far  nortli  as 
Bombay.  Part  of  the  fauna  peculiar,  tlie  rest  Iiido-Chint'so  and 
Malay  in  its  affinities. 

A  few  of  the  lieptilos  characteristic  of  each  province,  are  men- 
tioned. 

The  writer  proceeds  to  notice  some  reptiles  and  frogs  (collected 
in  parts  of  Central  India  in  S.  E.  Berar,  Cliauda,  Kiiipiir,  BiLUpnr, 
Udaii)nr,  and  Ch<»tu-Xiigpur.     Tlu.y  are  the  fidlowiug — 

1.  Emys  \_P(nig:ihiira']  ttcium,  Bell,  var.  intcnnedia.  A  fonn 
intermediate  in  character  between  PiWffshvra  tectum,  Ikdl,  and 
p.  tentoria,  Cray,  and  apparently  connecting  the  two.  It  cannot 
1)6  distinguished  as  a  separate  S2)ecies. 

2.  JUiinfda  riftata  ?  Pttters. 

3.  Trioni/x  (/(Wffidoufi,  Cuv. 

4.  Cahrita  LeaehennuUii  (M.  Ed.). 

It  is  shewn  that  writers  have  hitherto  probably  been  in  error 
in  confounding  Cahrita  Imnnca  of  Gray  with  Laaerta  L*Hchniaultily 
M.  Ed.  They  diti'or  from  each  other  in  tlie  character  of  the  nasal 
plates. 

5.  C.  Jer(h}n\  Bedd. 

Tlie  chiu'acters  of  the  nasal  plates  are  again  distinet  from  those 
of  the  other  two  species,  being  similar  to  thosr?  in  Ernniaa.  Tho 
throe,  liowever,  appear  to  f«)rni  a  good  genus. 

6.  Ophiops  [Gymnops]  microlopis,  n.  sg.  and  sp. 

Tlio  new  sub-genus  Gifuinnps^  is  ch.'iracterizeil  ]»y  having  tlio 
nostril  between  two  swolkm  shii'Ms,  oui^  above,  the  other  bi'l<»\\', 
with  a  small  post-na«al.     Then?  are  no  eyelids. 

0,  microlfjjis  has  tlio  head  hhiilds  smof>th,  not  rug<)se,  The  auir- 
rior  frontal  singb',  post-fivmtals  \\iilu>ut  any  iiilervening  plale, 
oecipitalb   small,   yiuh  nearly  equal  to  the  fourth  part  <»f  a  post- 


256  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatie  Soeieiy.  [AtJQxrsT, 

occipital  in  size ;  chin  shields,  six  or  seven  on  each  side,  the  first 
two  or  three  pairs  meeting ;  dorsal  scales,  minute,  carinated ;  two 
large  shields  in  front  of  the  anus,  the  posterior  the  larger ;  tail, 
elongate,  sub-quadrate  in  front,  rounded  behind,  more  than  double 
the  length  of  the  body.  Colour  grey  in  the  middle  of  the  back, 
imder-parts  white,  sides  with  two  white  lines,  the  upper  much  the 
longer,  the  lower  not  seen  behind  the  shoulder,  and  with  dark  spots. 
Length,  7*2  inches,  of  which  the  tail  is  5*1.  A  single  specimen 
only  found  at  Korba  in  Bilaspdr. 

7.  Buprepes  innotatus,  sp.  nov. 

Small,  resembling  Euprepes  macularius  in  size  and  form,  but  with 
the  centre  of  the  lower  eyelid  transparent.  Scales  in  32  longitudi- 
nal series,  those  of  the  back  and  sides  with  five  keels.  Back  olive, 
sides  purplish  brown,  a '  white  line  running  back  on  each  side 
from  the  superciliary  ridge  to  the  middle  of  the  back. 

8.  E,  [^Tiliqua]  carinatus,  (Schneid.)  var.  fE,  rufeseenSf  auct.) 
This  species  has  usually  five  keels  on  the  scales  in  India. 

9.  E.  [^Ttliqua]  macidarius,  Blyth,  var. 

A  variety  is  common  in  Chatisgarh,  Chota-N^lgpur,  &c.  It 
appears  probably  different  from  T,  muUtcartnata,  Kuhl. 

10.  E.  [Tiliqua]  septemlineatus,  sp.  nov. 

A  small  species,  blackish  brown  in  colour,  above  with  seven 
wliite  lines,  three  on  the  back,  two  on  each  side,  imder-parts, 
white  ;  scales  three-keeled,  in  thirty  longitudinal  rows ;  one  sx)eci- 
men  only  about  four  inches  long. 

11.  Riopa  Ifardicickii,  (Jray. 

12.  li.  alhopunctataj  Gray. 

13.  IIemidactylii9  maculaius?     Dum.  ct  Bibron. 

14.  H.  gracilis,  sp.  nov. 

Near  iZ.  retkulatus,  Bodd.  It  is  small,  slender  in  form,  the 
body  loss  depressed  than  is  usual  in  the  genus,  back  with  elongate 
sub-tribedral  tubercles,  six  inguinal  pores,  none  beneath  the  thighs  ; 
tail,  smooth,  elongate,  scarcely  depressed  at  the  base  and  not  at  all 
bohinil ;  colour,  grey  with  dark  spots  forming  bands  on  the  back 
and  dark  lines  on  the  sides  and  belly.  Length  three  inches,  of 
\Nliich  the  tail  is  If.     S.  E.  Berar  and  Eaipiir. 

15.  H,  marmoratus,  sp.  nov.  Back  minutely  granulate,  a  very 


1870.]  FroeeedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  257 

few  BmaU  flat  tubercles  at  the  sides  and  loins,  tail  depressed, 
ringed  with  three  elongate  scale-like  tubercles  at  the  side  of  the 
hinder  part  of  each  ring,  sub-caudal  shields  large.  Femoral  pores 
about  twelve  on  each  side  with  a  considerable  interval  between 
tiiem ;  all  the  fingers  and  toes  with  claws.  Colour,  grey  above 
marbled  with  dusky,  whitish  below.  Length  of  body,  1*85  inch, 
of  tail  (renewed  in  part)  l-S". 
10.     Calotos  versicolor f  (Daud.). 

17.  Sitana  Pondiceriana,  Ouv. 

18.  8.  DeccafiensiSf  Jerd,    Appears  doubtfully  distinct  from  the 
last. 

19.  Charasia  dorsalis,  Gray. 

20.  Typhlops  hraminus,  (Daud.)  var.  pammeces. 

21.  Tropidonotus  quincunciattts,  Schleg. 

22.  Bti/as  mucusuSf  (L.). 

23.  Zamenis  ?  hrachyurus,  Gunther. 

24.  Dendrophis  picta,  (Gm.). 

25.  Passerita  mycterizansy  (L.). 

26.  Lycodon  aulicm^  (L.). 

27.  Naja  trip^idiansy  Merr. 

28.  Bunyarus  ccerul^us,  (Schneid.). 

29.  Dahoia  Russellii,  (Shaw.). 
80.     Rana  eyanophlyctisy  Schneid. 
51.     R,  gracilis,  Wieg. 

32.     Pyxicephalus  hrevicepsy  (Schneid.). 

83.     Callula  pulchra,  Gray. 

34.     Polypedates  mucuktus,  (Gray.). 

6.    A  fourth  List  of  Bengal  Algae*  determined  hy  Dr.  G.  v.  Martens, 

communicated  hy  S.  KuRZ,  Esq. 

(Continued  from  Proceedings  for  January,  1870.) 

2662.  DictyonemafmcescenSy  Martens. — Filis  hetoromorphis,  prima- 

riis  ad  -^^  lin.  cum  vagina  crassis,  obscure  fuscis,  articulis  distinc* 

tis  plerumque  binatis,  diametro  ajqualibus,  vaginis  rugosis,  crassis, 

ooloratis;  filis  Becundariis  ^i^  lin.   tantum  crassis,  pallidioribus, 

*  In  this  List  the  species  which  have  been  already  published  as  occurring  in 
Bengal,  are  omitted. 


258 


Proemlifip  0/  the  Anmiie  Somitf^ 


[August, 


articulis  subobBolotis  viriflosrentibus, — Oalcutta,  natanB  in  aqua  stag- 
nanto  horti  botanici.     Januarj^  1870* 

2663.  OscilUria  amphibia^  Ag. — Howrah  District,  very  frequent, 
forming  slippery  layers  of  about  i  liu.  thickness  on  brick  stairs 
leading  to  tanks,  etc.,  also  fiubmergo J  or  nt'iir  tlie  surface  of  1 
water. 

2CC4,     OscillnrCa  Cortinna^  Menegli. — Ht>wriiU  District,  in  taal 
etc,  on  tho  upper  surface  of  waterplants. 

2665.  Oetlogomum  Hcuintum^  Kg. — Howrah  Distriot,  in  tanks, 
on  lea\«^  of  a  gpociee  of  Cnjptocoryne.     January,  1870. 

:2666.  Mmtigonama  (jramtlatum^  Martens. — Filia  fascieulatis,  basi 
coalitis,  diametro  '^\^  ad  -^  cui^vatis,  sensim  attenuatis,  vaginia 
hynlinis  aretis,  articuliB  inferioribua  diametro  dux>lo  brevioribua, 
pul<'Iire  granulatis,  superioribiis  obsoletis  fuscoaanigineis,^ — How- 
roll  District,  in  tanks  and  slowly  running  waters,  on  the  stems  of 
'plants,  especially  of  grasses.     January,  1870. 

2667.  Lyn^hja  solitnn'n.  Kg. — Howrah  District,  £i*cquent  ia 
tanks  on  dead  or  living  plants. 

2671.  liivulnna  Ltnn^  Menegh. — Howrah  District,  very  frequent 
in  tanks  on  tho  leaves  of  VnlUftneria, 

2672.  Conferva  homhycina^  p.  crm^iar^  Martens,  articulis  diame-  \ 
^^  (tItt  ^^  tH  ^^0  *lttplo  ad  quadraplum   longioribus.— Calcut- 
ta, Botanic  Gardens,  in  tanks.     January,  1870. 

2673.  Jifastii/onema  caejtpitommt  Kg. — Calcutta,  Botanic  Gardens^ 
on  dead  submerged  atoms  of  Se^hama pahidam.     January,  1870. 

2074 »  LeptMhrix  §uhtilisfiima^  Kg. — Ilowrah  District,  on  moist 
walls  of  buildings.  (Grows,  for  instance,  on  the  damp  walla  in  the 
Library  Iloom  of  the  Herbariu  in -building,  Botanic  G4irdGn8.p) 

267o,  Sc^hntma  VteilUrdi^  Martens,  8trato  eompacto  nigro,  fills 
BubsimpHcibTis  flexuosis  aeuminatis,  cum  vagina  3^  ad  ^\^  lin. 
crassis,  a>rugineis,  vaginii^  lutein  erasais, — Howrah  District, 
walls,  especially  of  waterworks,  vetiy  frequent. 

X2,  Omlkru^  h'momf  Ag. — Howrah,  froquent  in  tanks.  Janu-* 
ary,  1870. 

2024.  IIj/po(flQuum  Bengahn^p^  Martens.  Fronde ttenni  purpurea 
sesquilineam  lufa^  alterne  decomposito-pinnatiiida,  segmentis  linea- 
ribus  deaticulalis,   axillis  acutis,   dontlculis   obtusiuscuUs  \  oostia  ^ 


Proettdin^i  of  the  Atintie  Somttft 


259 


flogmentis  oonfomiibua  e  miiltiplici  seri©  cellularum  elongatarum 
compusitis,  coiliilis  fron<lis  Bexangiilaribus  ^  lin.  craaaU ;  spermatiis 
Ifluperiiciesparsia, — Lower  Bengal,  Mutlah,  tidaL  December,  18G8. 

2026.  JlhizQchnium  Antillarum^  Kg. — Lower  Bengal,  Mutloli, 
brackiBli  water,     December,  1868. 

2687.  Fischeria  ienuky  Marteaa.  Fflis  ramieque  primariia  subto- 
lulohlg  t^nuioribiis,  ramulia  ^^  lin.  crassis,  acuminatis  j  arttculia 
BUperioribua  diametro  duplo  longioribiis, — Calcutta,  Botanic  Gar- 
dena,  on  damp  walls  of  the  nortbem  faces  of  buildiugs.  Bidl 
orange-coloured,  when  fresh.     January,  1870. 

Nearly  allied  to /V^fcA^r^a  thermalhy  Schwabe,  which  grows  on 
walls  exposed  to  the  hot  Tapours  of  hot  spriugSi  as,  for  inatance,  at 
Carltsbad,  Bohemia, 

2705.  Protoeoccm  cohaerem^  ^^^^  Calcutta,  very  common  on 
walls  of  buildiugs,  exposed  to  the  weather.     Febrmiry,  1870. 

2707*  Cimhpkora  simpUciHuculay  Kg* — Hooghly  river  near  Kid^ 
derpore,  Calcutta,  on  old  tidally  submerged  brickwalla*  February, 
1870. 

2708.  HijpogloiBum  Leprieuriiy  Kg* — Calcutta,  occurring  with 
the  last. 

2709,  Seijtm^nm  aurmm^  Menegh* — Calcutta,  on  muddy  banks 
of  the  Hoogldy  river  at  the  Botanio  Qordene.     February,  1870. 

2710*  ChtlumMmtm  $aUnm^  ICg^. — Calcutta,  Hooghly  rivor  near 
Kidderporo,  on  an  old  brickwidls,  February,  1870, 

2711.  Ifoi'Ufw^fphon  coriaceuB,  Kg. — Hooghly  rivor  along  the  Bo- 
tanic Gordons,  Calcutta.     Fcbi-uary,  1870. 

2712.  Conferva  lomhjmna/K^. — Calcutta,  Hooghly  rivor  near 
Kidderpore.     February,  1870, 

2713.  Omllurid  tmuUyljyn^h. — Calcutta,  Botanic  Qardena,  in. 
tanks. 

2714.  OmUimaantUatia^  Martenfl.-^Calouttd,  on  muddy  banks 
of  the  Hooghly  river,  Botanio  Gardens.    February,  1870* 

2715.  OmiUatia  tmuh  y  fonmsay  Bory.^Calcutta,  Botanic  Oar- 
dons,  in  tanks. 


*  Tbifi  Alga  is  veiy  fineqnont  in  Bengal ;   hardly  are   the   walls  or  buildings - 
•  wUite*wu»1icd,  whuii  tlioy  &gum  turn  timt  gr^cn  aud  then  black,  being  oovored 
by  tluti  i*fc<£ocooo(ttf. 


200 


Froctedin^B  of  the  Astatic  Socidtj. 


[Atrouar, 


Olomcapsa  rttpesirisj  p.  pallida^  Martens.— »0n  walla  in  tJie  Bota* 
Bic  Gardens,  Calcutta*    January,  1870. 

1006-6.  Fo/ysfphmun  ri{fo4au(ym^  Ilarvey. — Caleuttat  Botanic 
Gardens,  on  submerged  branches  occurring  togetlier  witli  Cafe/ulla 
Oiytmiia^  Qrev,  along  tlie  Hoogbly  river. 

At  the  close  of  the  meeting,  Mr.  N.  A.  Belletty  presented  to  tho 
Sodetj  four  Jynthia  coins. 

EaliU  Prat^pa  Chandra  Ghosha,  Assistant  Secretaiy,  has  since 
sent  tlio  following  note  regai'diiig  those  coins. 

**  They  are  silver  Jayanti  coins.  As  usual,  they  bear  no  names  of 
kings* 

Area  T. — SlSPt^?"*!  ^^^  ir^^f^PinTJ 
Of  the  Honoy- worker  of  the  lotus  at  the  foot  of  the  most  glorious  5jV«i,  i 

Of  the  illustrious  sovereign  of  Jayanti-piira.  Sdh^  1 653  or  A*  1>.  1 74  L 

Area  I,  hears  rude  figures  of  a  musket  and  a  long  kmfe  and  tho 
ymtru.  On  tlio  top  of  the  inscription  in  the  margin  is  a  half- 
moon,  and  below  it  a  leaf,  perhaps  meant  for  that  of  the  BfL 
In  3Iiii"sden'6  work  (lICCXyi-MCCXVn)  the  com  is  figured  and 
described;  but  his  date  is  1683» 

The  second  coin  is  a  duplicate  of  the  first.  It  boars  an  imprea^ 
fiion  on  the  margin  of  a  punched  stag. 

The  other  two  are  exactly  alike.  They  ore  a  little  larger 
than  the  two  above  described,  and  the  metal  appears  to  be  a  littlo 
more  tdloyod. 

The  legends  on  both  areas  are  identical  with  those  of  the  abovep 
excepting  the  dote,  which  is  1712  Saka^  or  A.  D.  1790.  The  mar- 
g^,  as  in  the  above  three  coins,  is  decorated  with  a  string  of  beads.'* 

LlBBABY. 

Tlio  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  i 
lost  Meeting. 

Pre9entatmi$^ 

^%  Namea  of  Doucwi  ia  CapUale. 

Eeport  of  the  thirty-eightli  meeting  of  tho  British  Association 

for  the  advancement  of  Science  ;  held  at  Norwich  in  August  18C8» 

— Tus  Biaxisn  AssociAiioir. 


1870.] 


Proceedingti  of  ihs  A9iatic  Saekt^, 


S81 


Catalogue  of  Scientific  Papers,  Volfl.  11  and  HI.— The  Euyal 

SOCTETV   OF   LOJTBOX. 

Philosophical  Transai^tious,  VoIb,  158,  159,  part  L— Tub  Same, 

Proceediui^  of  tho  Eoyal  Society,  No*  1 1 9. — TuE  Samk. 

Mttterials  for  a  Fauna  and  Flora  of  Swansea  and  the  neighbour- 
hood, hy  L.  W.  Dillwyn,  F.  R.  S.— Tiie  Sxuz, 

lV»ceoding8  of  tho  Boyal  Physical  Society  of  Edinburgh,  for 
18o5-66,^ — TiLB  EoYAL  PiiYdiau.  Society  of  EDrxiaMion. 

Tho  Transactions  of  the  Linnean  Society,  Yoh  XXYI,  parts  2  and 
3* — The  Lixnean  Society  of  London. 

Journal  of  the  Linnean  Sodety,  Botany,  Vol.  X,  parts  48  and 
49,  and  Vol.  XII,  Zoology,  VoL  X,  parU  43-46.— Tiifi  Same. 

Procoodings  of  tho  Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain,  Vol.  IV, 
paila  V  and  ^T. — The  Koyal  Insth  trTioK. 

Annalos  dea  Sciences  Physiquoa  ot  Naturelles  d*Agriciilttiro  ot 
d*Industrie,  3*  Serie,  Tome  XI. — The  ImpeeiaIi  JSocikty  of  Aoai- 
cuLTrnEj  &c.,  OF  Lyon. 

Actes  de  L'Acadcmio  Imporiale   dos   Sciences,   Bellos-Lettres  ot ' 
Arte,  do  Bordeaux,  3*  Scrie,  31^  Annee,  V  Tiimostre.— Tub  Ih- 
PEaiAi.  Academy  of  Boedeaux. 

Bulletins  de  LV-Vcademie  Royal©  des  Sciences,  dee  Lettres  et  dea 
Beaux  Arts  de  Belgiciue,  2'"*  Sdr.  Tomo  XXV,  XXVI.— The  Roy- 

A0AI*EMY    OF   BeLUIUM. 

Annuaire  de  L^Acadi'-mie  Royale  des  Sciences,  des  Lettres  et  dea 
Boaux-Arts  do  Belgique,  1869. — ^The  Sams. 

Sitzungsberiehte  der  Kaiserlichen  Akademie  dor  Wf ssens<.liaften, 

ath.-Naturhist.  chissc,  Band  L\ai,  Abth.  1,  Uufto   IV- V ;  Abth. 

Hefto  rV^-V ;  Band  LVII,  Abth.  1,  nefte.  I-V;  Abth.  2.  Uefto 
I-V;  Band  TJX.  Abih.  1,  Hefto  1-2,  Abth.  2,  Hefte  1-3.— Philos- 
Hist,  Clasae,  Band  LIX.  Hefto  1*4,  Band  LX,  Htfto  1-4,  Band 
LXI,  Heft.  L — TuE  liiPEBiAL  Acahemy  of  Sciejv'ces  of  Vienna. 

Register  zu  den  Biinden  51  bis  60  der  Sitzungfiberlehte  der  Phi- 
lotfoplnsch-IIii*torischcfn  class©  der  Kaiserlichon  Akadomie  der  Wis-  ^ 
sensthaffcen,  VL — The  Same. 

Jahrbuch  der  Kai^crlich-Konigb'chcn  Qeologtschen  Belchsonstalt, 
Band  X\'III,  No.  4,  Band  XIX,  No.  1. — Tue  Impeklal  Geological 
iKbiiiuiE  OF  Vienna. 


2G2 


ProceedinffB  (*f  th^  Antaiic  Sactffti/, 


[AtTGUST,  I 


Verhandlungon  der  K.  K.  GeologiscLen  Roichsonstalt,  1869,  No, 
L — TiTE  Same, 

Arcluve  fiir  Osterreicliisclie  Geschichte,  Bftad  XIj,  Hulfto.  I-II, 
— The  SAao, 

Fontos  Berum  Austriacarum,  Osterreichische  Geacluchts  Quelles^  I 
Baud  XXVIII,  Abth.  2,   Band  XXIX,  Abth.  2.— The  Sam:e. 

Die  Porpliyrgesteino  OiiteiTeicli^fi  aiiB  dor  Mittlerea  Geologischen 
Epoiilio,  vua  Dr.  Oustav  Tschermak. — The  Sai^e. 

Tabidao  codiciim  mamuscriptorum  preeter  Graocos  et  Orientales 
in  Bibliotheca  Pidutina  Viudobonensis  asaervutantm,  edidit  Acodo- 
mia  Caosaroa  Vindobouonsia,  vulunien  II. — ^Xile  Same. 

Baise  der  Osterreichischea  Fregatte  Novara  um  die  ©rde,  in  den  | 
Jahren  1857-58-5S>,    Antlii'opologisclier  Theil,  von  Dr.  F*   Midler. 
— ^The  Minister  of  Foheign  AjjFair&,  Yiiixna* 

Abhandlungen  der  Hathematiacli-Physikalisclicn  Olrisse  der  Ko-| 
niglicli  Bayeriflchen  Akademie  der  Wisseuschaiten,  Band  X.  AbUi, 
2, — TuE  BoYAL  Agadbm:t  of  Sciences  of  Bavaeia, 

Abbamlliingeu  der  Historischen  Classe  derKuniglichBajerischen 
Akadomie  der  Wissenschaften,  Band  XI.  Abth.  1, — The  Same. 

Abhandlungen  der  PiiilosopUisLh-Philobjgisehen  Classe  der  Kti- 
aiglicb  Bayerisclien  Akademie  der  Wiflsenticliaften,  Band  XI, 
Abth.  ni.— The  Same. 

Denkschrift  anf  0*  F.  R  v,  Martins,  von  0,  F.  Meissner. — TnB 
8ame, 

Ueber  die  Entwicklung  der  Agrikulturchemie. — The  Same. 

Zeitschrift  den  Dentechen  Morgenlandiscbon  GesellsAchaft,   Band  ' 
XXm  Heft.  lY,    The  Gerjian  Oriental  Society,  Leipzig. 

Njelrotudonidnyi  Kozlemenyek,  Kiadja  a   Magyar  Tiidomilnyds  | 
Akadi'mia  Nyelretudomfinji  BizotU^ga,  Szerkeszti   Hunfalvry  PdJ, 
Hutodik  Kiitet,— TuE  HtrjfOARiAN  Academy  of  Sciences,  Pest. 

Magyar  Tudomdnyos  Akaddmia  Ertesioje,   A,  M.  T,  AkadieniiAJ 
Bendeletubol,  szerkessrti  Eonay  Jai'ziat.^ — The  Same* 

Aarboger  for  Nordisk  oldkytidigbed  og  Ilistorie  udgirone  af  Det 
Kongelige  Nordisko  oldskroft-Solskal,  1869  : — The  Nortueiin  Au- 
cnEoLOOicAL  Society  of  Copenuaqen. 

McTinoires  de  la  Soeiete  Royale  des  Antiquarios  du  Nord,  1868. 
--Tn£  KuYAL  Society  of  Noetiieebt  AuriuuAaiEa,  Coi^enuaoen. 


1870,] 


Pro^trdinfjs  of  ihB  Anintte  S^etety. 


263 


M^moires  de  UAcademio  Imp^*riaJe  des  Sciences  de  8t,  Peters- 
bourg,  Tomo  XII,  XIII. — The  Impebial  Academy  of  Soienoes 
OF  St.  Peteesbouro. 

Bulletin  de  L* Academic  ImpMalo  dea  Sdoncea  de  St.  Petors- 
bourgi  Tome  XTTI> — The  S^vitK, 

Journal  of  the  Ceylon  Branch  of  the  Koysl  Asiatic  Sodoty  1867- 
70.     Part"5  1  and  2. — Ttee  Ceylon  Asutic  iSociety. 

Bamayana^  Vul.  2,  paii:  2  by  Ileniachandra  Bhuttauhaiya* — Thb 
Editoh. 

Kahasya  Sandarbha,  No,  59.— B-^u  Eajendbal.vl\  ^fiTRA. 

List  of  Biivlfi  in  Alaska,  by  W.  H.  Ball,  and  M.  M.  Bannister- 
— W.  H.  Pall,  E.sq. 

Angfiihrliches  Lehrbuch  dor  Ilebraiachen  Si>rache  des  Alton 
Bundos,  von  11,  Ewald. — The  AuniOE* 

Elements  de  la  Qrammaire  Assyrienne,  par  Jules  Opport, — TnB 
AuTnoK. 

Uacines  et  Elements  simples  dana  le  Systeme  Linguistiquo  Indo- 
Enrop^en  per  A.  Hovelaquo. — ^Tue  Authob, 

La  Theorie  Specieuse  do  Lautverschiebung. — The  AtrxnoB. 

Lea  Ktndos  Indiennes  dans  I'ltalie  Septentrionale,  le  Maha- 
bharata,  Dora  d'lstria. — The  ATrriioa. 

Note  snr  la  pronunciation  et  la  transcription  do  deux  SiMantea 
Sanekrites. — The  Arxnon, 

Die  Papageien,  monographisch  bearbeitet,  von  Dr.  Otto  Finsch, 
Band  2,  Halfte  1-2. — Tim  Atttuob, 

Pragmenta  Historicum  Arabicorum,  Tomiis  Primus,  continens 
partem  tertiam  operis  Kitibul-Oyiin  wa  1-hadaik  fi  akhbari  T-La- 
kiik,  edidenmt  M.  J,  de  Goeje  et  P.  de  Jong. — ^The  Auxnoas. 

Indisehe  Streifen,  von  A.  Weber,  Band  2.— Tke  Auihor. 

Comparative  Dictionary  of  the  Non*Aryan  Languages  of  India 
and  High  Asia,  by  W.  "W.  Hunter,  Esq.^TiiE  Govx.  of  Ixdia, 

Selections  from  the  Becords  of  the  Govt,  of  Intlia,  For.  Depart, 
No.  LXXIX,— The  Same. 

Narrative  of  the  Course  of  Legislation  by  the  Council  of  the  Go- 
vernor-General during  the  offidal  year  1868-69, — The  Saicb. 

Administration  of  the  Puzgab  and  dependencies  for  1868*69. — 
Tub  Same. 

Dispensarj^  Eeport,  Punjabi  1868.— The  Same. 


Proceedinffi  of  Ihs  Asiatic  Soeiehj, 


[August, 


Export  on  tho  Admimstration  of  the  N,  W.  Pi'ovinc^iB  for  1868- 
G9.— The  Same. 

Selections  from  the  Eoconls  of  the   Govemment   North-Wostom 
Provinces,  YoL  III,  No.  3. — Tiie  GovEKN^rENT  N,  W.  Provikces. 
lutlebteflness  of  the  Cultivators  of  Oudh.^ — TirE  Govt,  of  Bexo^vl, 
Selections  from  the  Becorda  of  the  Govt,  of  Oudh,  Groves, — l^im 
Same, 

Statistical  Committee,  forms  to  accompany  the  Annual  Beport  of 
the  Province  of  Oudh,  1868-69,— The  Same. 

Eeport  of  the  Administ*  of  tho  Madras?  Presy.  1868-69. — TiiESAsrE, 
Solections  from  the  Record;^  of  the   Madras  Government.     Civil 
DiBpeiisaries,  1868-69. — The  Same. 

Administr.  Eeport  on  British  Birma  for  1868-69. — The  Same, 
Eeport  on  Public  Health,  18G8  (B.  Birma)— The  Same, 
Eeport  on  Hospitals,  1868  (B.  Birma).^ — The  Same, 
Eeport  on  Vfic^iination,  1868  (B.  Birma).— The  Same, 
Adminifcitr,  Eeport  of  the  Bombay  Presy.,  1868-69.— The  Same. 
Eeport  uf  P.  Instruction  in  Lower  Bengal  for  1868-69. — Th:e  S^vme. 
Eeport  on  Eerenue  Administration  of  Oudh  for  1869. — The  Sa^E* 
Eeport  on  tho  Topograph, Survey  of  India  for  1 868-69. — The  Same. 
Eeport  of  tho  Committee  of  tlio  Landholders  and  Commert-'itd 
AsBooiatioQjs^  for  1869. — The  Samb. 

Exchange. 
The  Athenceum,  May,  1870.  The  Nature,  Nos.  32  to  35. 

Pi^rehme. 

MuUer's  2oo1ogia  Danica. — ^Gould*s  Birds  of  Australia,  2  Vul^T 
— The  L.  E,  D.  Philosophical  Magazine,  No.  263. — The  Amerioan 
Journal  of  Smence,  Noa,  145-46, — The  Ibis,  No*  21, — ^Eervue  do 
Zoologio,  No.  4. — Tho  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  Ilistory, 
No,  XXX. — Tlie  Quarterly  Jouinal  of  the  Geological  Society,  No, 
102. — Eevue  Linguistique,  April,  1870.^ — Eevue  ArehiSologique^ 
No.  V, — The  Numismatic  Ohronielo,  part  I,  No.  1. — Eevue  des  Deux 
Mondos,  May  and  June. — Journal  des  Savants,  April. — Com[»to8 
Eendus.  Nos,  17'2L— TheCalcutt-a  Eeview,  July.— Tho  North  Bri- 
tish Eeviow,  April.— Noun  ell  es  auiteH  a  Butfon,Hi8toiro  Naturelle  dea 
Poissnna,  Tome  2nd.— Dr.  Puley*8  Vedanta  Siira, — Dr.  Pratt's  Ety- 
molog.  ForsL'hungea  der  Indo-GermttniBchou  Spraehen,  Bd.  2.  Abtlu 
2.— Fiiucht^e  Muhabharata,  Vol.  X. — Coui'teiUe's  Dictionnttire  Turk. 


PROCEEDlNaS 


ot  riiK 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOR  Septembkr,   1870. 


A  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  WuduHsdaj,  the  7  th 
inBtant,  at  9  p.  m. 

The  Hon^ble  J.  B,  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 

Presentations  were  annoimced  — 

1.  From  the  Chief  Gommiaaioner  of  Mysore,  two  copies  of  the 
dassiiiod  Catalog^ie  of  Sanscrit  MSS.  in  the  Sarajsvati  Bhandarain, 
Mysore. 

2.  From  Mens.  L*  Lafont, — A  table  showing  the  resnlts  of 
Meteorological  Observations  made  in  8t.  Xavier^s  Oollege  Observa- 
tory, during  the  iirst  six  months  of  1870. 

3.  From  the  Author — A  copy  of  ilain  Results  of  the  Modem 
Vaidic  Iteseanthea  by  E,  Ghoslia. 

The  following  gentleman  duly  proposed  and   scc^ouded  at  the  last 
meeting,  was  balloted  for  and  elected  an  Orditiary  Membr3r  : — 
B.  F.  St.  A,  St,  John,  Esq. 

Captain  J.  Forsyth  has  intimated  his  desii'e  to  withdraw  from  the 

Ktioty. 

The  following  letters  addressed  to  the  Secretary  were  read  ; — 

1.     From  A.  0.  Hume,  E«q,,  C.  S.,  Agra. 

**  In  a  former  letter  to  you  I  have  stated  that  C^pidm  t4€iimim, 
Jerdou,  of  Major  God  win- Austen's  list,  which  appeared  at  p.  91  of 
J,  A.  8.  for  1870,  was  probably  C.  itifumatm,  1  have  now  one  or 
two  more  corrections  to  make  to  that  list. 

The  bird  desuribed  by  Major  Austen  as  MhjfiiesroB  plicaiuif 
Lath,,  is  really  the  female  of  that  species.  The  description  given 
of  the  naked  space  on  the  tla-oat  settles  this. 

In  the  male  piivtUa^  the  gukir  pouch  is  bright  yellow,  and  in 
fact  the  bird  mentioned  by  Major  Austen  as  Acerosf  sp,  ixid. 


2(10 


Prume^mg%  of  ty  Aftiatte  Socidjf. 


[8ei*t. 


No.  146,  h,  is  pretty  clearly  the  male  o^  Bkyi'f^^rot^  pUmim.  Dr. 
Cantor  states  tliut  iu  this  species  the  male  has  the  bill  (gretjuisli  or 
yellowish)  white,  iris  pale  crimsonj  guhir  pouch  rich  gamhoge 
yoUow,  foet  blackish,  while  the  fuiualo  has  tko  iris  golden 
Vandyke,  eyelids  brick  oolour,  pouch  dirty  azuro  with  two  trans- 
verse black  lines,  &c. 

The  male  pUcatiis  has  the  medial  part  of  the  crown,  the  occiput 
and  nape,  a  sort  of  rufous  bay,  the  sides  of  tho  head  and  nock  and 
firont  of  the  latter  glistening  white,  more  or  less  tinged  with  y<?liow. 

The  female  has  the  head  and  neck  black,  and  is  smaller  in  size. 

There  can  be  no  doubt,  I  believe,  that  Major  Austen's  No.  146^. 
and  lAVth^  are  female  and  male  of  the  same  species. 

Then  his  No.  23lrt,  An(hrf?p(cs  9  is  unmistakoably  Chtirojfftrta 
Sin^ateitsis^  Gm.,  AiUhreptett  pha^fncotU^  Bljth,  one  of  the  very  com- 
monest of  the  Nfi4f(armida,  m  Tippera,  whence  I  have  received 
very  uumoruUfi  specimens. 

Major  Austen  says,  he  obtained  two  specimens  of  S^nlophutt 
ruhropijgim^  one  having  a  fine  colour  of  shining  wliite.  One  wouhl 
alm<»»t  siLspect  that  this  latter  muiit  be  S,  hmafifs^  Gould.  I  havo 
had  at  least  20  specimens  of  encli  f*pocies  before  me,  at  one  time 
or  another,  and  so  far  as  my  experJonce  goes,  Gould  \h  quite  coiTiK?t 
in  saving  that  rubroptf^wn  is  disiinguiFlied  from  htnntm  (amongst 
other  tbings)  **  by  th**  almost  total  absence  of  tlie  lunate  mark  on 
tho  ffides  of  the  neck,"  and  again  in  stating  that  in  rubropt^giun 
**  tlie  lunate  mark  on  the  sides  of  tJie  neck  is  obsolete  in  some 
individuals,  and  is  not  very  conspir^uons  at  any  time  in  the  adidt." 

Thii  specimen  of  the  so-calhnl  JCphiatim  Ltmpufi  d«>es,  if  correctly 
describedi  most  certainly  not  belong  to  that  spooiws^  which  is  n^vnr^  /  I 
believe,  chestnut,  Temminck's  PL  Col.  99  is  a  very  fair  rei>rosenta- 
tiou  of  Lempigif  which  la  doulitloatt  often  rtt/o«s,  but  iilways  a  brown 
and  not  a  chestnut  rufous.  The  wing  also  is  too  small.  Probably, 
this  specimen  boloDgcd  to  ^.  MtttdU^  Bon.,  a  species  which  does 
occur  in  Burma,  and  whii^h  is  generally  confounded  with  Lempigi^  al- 
though Bonaparte  points  out  the  leading  distinctions  clearly  enough 
in  the  Conspectus. 

HmmuntM  niffrifrmiH   is    of    course  nothing   but   tlie  young   of  j 
ffen  imrm  Seottier i. 


1870.] 


Pr&ceedin^t  0/  the  Asiatic  Societi^, 


267 


Tlia  Carpophaga  sporios  not  detennined,  appeai-s  to  bo  notliing 
but  th(3  iBimuture,  or  female,  intfi^nis.  In  the  old  fomalo,  thoro  ia 
'  much  coppery  gloss,  and  in  the  iimnature  birds  of  both  sexes 
iknd  in  some  apparently  adult  females,  there  is  absolutely  none.  I 
have  a  female  insiifnii  from  Tippera,  which  appears  to  correspond 
exactly  with  Major  Austen's  description,  and  I  have  little  doubt, 
that  this  was  what  his  birds  were/* 


2.     From  Lieut.  E.  H  Steel,  Dlbrughar. 

"  During  my  stay  in  Assam,   I  have  both  had  in  my  p09ae8iioi|4 
and  seen  various  Celts  which  have  been  found  in  the  hill  ranges 
to  the  6*  E.   of  Dibnighar,     I  think  that  perhaps  sketches  and 
doscripHons   of  tlieni    might  be  of  interest  to  the  members  of  the 
Asiatic  Six'iety,  and  in  tliia  hope  I  am  induced  to  send  them  to  you. 

Ko.  1,  (pL  in,)^  is  a  Celt  of  Jade  stone  in  tlio  possession  of  W. 
Haly,  Esq.,  and  he  procured  it,  I  believe,  from  the  Namsang 
Na^as.  I  sketched  it  some  little  time  ago.  The  stone  is  of  a 
greenish  hue,  somewhat  mottled,  and  Id  parts  presents  the  ajipear- 
ance  of  being  nist-stained :  the  edge  ia  i^erfocrt,  and  shews  but  little 
mark  of  having  been  used:  it  is  larger  by  far  than  mont  of  tho 
Celts  found  in  the  same  locality,  and  of  a  more  sym metrical  shape, 
Rod  presents  an  ai>pearauco  of  high  Buish. 

No.  2f  (pi.  IV.)  is  mthe  possession  of  Lieut.  W.  Bamm,  B.  8.  C, 
who  kindly  allowed  me  to  copy  it.  It  is  far  smaller  than  No*  1,  and 
of  tt  lighter  green  hue  ;  in  fact,  looks  a  i>iec6  of  pure  jade  atone.  It 
bears  marks  of  having  been  UHcd,  both  on  the  edge  and  on  the  head* 

No.  3,  (pi.  TV.)  is  of  a  very  diilerent  shape,  as  will  be  soon  by 
Uie  ftketch,  and  tlxe  htono  is  also  of  a  very  ditfurent  character,  being 
a  euft  whit<.'  friable  substance,  of  a  brownish  ytdlow  on  tho 
iltside,  in  fact  looks  a?i  if  it  had  been  calcined  after  its  manufxic- 
ture*     I  am  unable  to  determine  what  stone  it  is. 

Besides  these  three  of  which  I  send  sketches,  I  had  one  in  my 
own  possession  which  I  sent  to  England,  and  which  Sir  John 
Lnb1»ock  pronounced  an  imdoubted  Odt,  but  at  the  same  time  h© 
regi*ett4^d  that  it  had  not  been  found  by  some  rtdinble  pcrwou,  m 
Hfu  ;  this  Celt  was  exartJy  similar  in  shape  and  si/e  to  Lieut« 
Barron  tf,  and  of  the  wmm  huud  jadu. 


268 


Pt&cs0dinfft  of  the  Atiaiie  Bim^i^, 


[Sept. 


All  of  those  Celts  wer©  found  among  the  Namsang  Nagas^  a 
tribe  to  the  S,  E.  of  our  firontier  fttation  of  Typore. 

I  read  some  timo  ago  in  the  Society's  Journal  that  in  Burma 
specimens  of  the  stirt  marked  1  are  considered  spurious  and  dea4f 
and  those  of  No.  3  authentic.  Exactly  the  reverse  opinion  obtains 
up  here  among  the  Nagaa  :  No.  1  is  a  live  stone  \  No*  3  a  dend, 

I  have  seen  an  exceedingly  fine  collection  of  Celt«  fit^m  the 
Danish  shell  mounds;  they  all  seemed  highlj-  finished  like  the  colts 
found  here,  and  I  see  no  reason  why  these  latter  may  not  also 
be  coELsidered  gonuino, 

I  also  hardly  think  it  possible  that  the  Nagas  would  manufacture 
objects  they  hold  in  such  awe  merely  for  sale,  especially  as  they 
are  so  unwilling  to  part  with  tke  few  spedmens  that  they  possesfl.*' 

Mr.  Ball  said — 

**Tho  A88aiii  Jade  Celt  to  which  Lt.  Steel  alludes  was  described 
by  Sir  John  Lubbock,  in  the  Athmwum  for  June  22nd,  1867. 

"There  is  at  present  ia  the  Geological  Musoym  an  imijl*?ment 
made  of  soft  shale,  which  was  brought  from  Assam  by  Mr.  Medlicott. 
(Proc  A.  8.  B.,  Sept  1867,  p.  162). 

**  I  take  this  as  a  favourable  opportunity  for  making  a  few  remarks 
on  stone  implements  wliicli  have  been  discovered  in  Binghbljiim. 
In  Jidy,  1868,  I  exhibited  to  the  Society  some  chert  Hakes,  and 
at  the  same  time  read  a  communication  from  Capt.  Beeching  <if  the 
10th  M.  N.  I,  which  dcBcrilted  their  mode  of  occurrence  near 
Chaibassa  and  Chukerdharpur  in  the  Singhbhtim  district.  Since 
that  time,  I  have  visited  the  localities  and  obtained  what  I  believe 
to  be  strong  evidence  of  the  human  origin  of  the  flakes.  ITiose  at 
Cluikerdharpur  must  have  been  transported  at  least  three  miles  ad 
the  nearest  source  of  the  material  of  wliich  they  are  made  ia  situa- 
ted at  that  distance.  Tt  is  dLfficidt  to  believe  frc<m  the  nature  of  the 
case,  that  the  transporting  force  can  have  been  other  than  human. 

**  Besides  these  Bakes  which  I  found  in  many  parts  of  Singh- 
blium,  I  have  been  fortunate  in  discovering  abeawtifuUy  made  Colt, 
which  I  now  exhibit,  in  anoth«^r  pai^t  of  Chuta-Niig^nir.  1 1  lay  on 
the  surface  at  the  foot  of  a  small  hill  near  the  village  of  Buradili, 
8.  E,  of  Gomaria  in  lumar.  It  in,  I  think,  tlio  best-formed  weapon 
yet  obtained  in  8,  W.  or  Lower  BeugiU/' 


1870.] 


^  the  Aiiaiic  Socieitf, 


2€9 


Col*  Hjde  thou  made  the  following'  obaervations  on  tke  effe  ct 
produced  by  a  thimdor  stui^m  on  u  sflf-registoring;  itidicator^ — 

**  Wliile  testing  the  qualitiefl  of  the  coal  from  the  Eaneoguuge 
field,  I  mshed  to  ascertain  the  amount  of  drtiught  in  the  chimney 
in  use,  and  the  regidarity  with  which  it  was  maintAined. 

**For  this  purpose  an  ordinary  aelf-reeording  indicator  was 
constructed,  and  fixed  as  follows. 

"  At  the  il<M)r  line  of  the  Mint,  a  hole  was  bored  into  the  clmxuiey 
horn  the  Engine  room ;  in  this  hole  an  iron  tube  one  inch  internal 
diameter  and  &ix  feet  four  inches  long  was  earefidly  sot  in  mortar. 
The  tube  projected  three  inches  into  the  chimney  and  lel^  8ullicient 
outside  for  the  convenient  fixing  of  the  indicator.  On  the  outside 
end  of  the  tube  was  fixed  a  tap  g  inch  bore,  and  this  was  connected 
by  means  of  an  air  tiglit  junction  with  one  stem  of  a  tube  of  U 
form,  fixed  in  a  block  of  wood,  bo  that  it  might  stand  upright. 

**  The  diameter  of  this  U  tube  was  2y^  inches,  and  it  was  filled 
about  half  way  up  with  water.  Thus  one  stem  of  the  U  tube  in  open 
to  the  inside  of  the  chimney,  while  the  other  is  open  to  the  room 
in  which  it  is  fixed. 

**  Within  the  stem  that  is  open  to  the  room  is  placed  a  liglit  copper 
ball  float,  which  sits  un  the  surface  *if  the  water,  and  fnllows  tJiu  ohcU- 
lation  of  the  water.  A  thread  is  attached  to  this  float,  and  ii'om  it 
passes  over  a  small  wheel  to  a  pencil  tluit  is  free  to  travel  un  the 
line  of  the  axis  of  a  cylinder  di'iven  by  a  clock,  after  the  manner  of 
an  ordinary  indicator,  (TiVftf  PL  V.,  diagram  No.  3,}  bo  that  any 
motion  in  the  water  in  the  U  tubo  will  l»o  tndy  imlicated  by  a  line 
drawn  on  the  paper  of  the  rBVoh4ng  cylinder. 

**  On  the  top  of  tlio  stem  of  the  U  tube  tliat  opens  to  the  chimney 
ad  in  the  junction  is  phiced  a  small  screw,  so  that  by  closing  the  tap 
ad  opening  this  screw,  both  stems  of  the  U  tube  can  be  opened  to 
the  room,  and  the  water  in  both  stems  brought  to  a  level.  With 
the  float  in  this  condition  the  cylinder  ia  tnmed  round.,  and  an 
equilibrium  atmospheric  line  is  traced  on  the  paper.  The  tap 
15  thgn  opened  to  the  chimney,  and  tlio  screw  closed  ;  after  wliich 
any  diminution  of  pressui'e  consequent  on  tlio  current  within  the 
chimney  is  indicated  in  amount  and  duration  on  the  paper, 

**  it  will  be  been   lliui  the  fail  ul  the  fiout  and  the  iliogruui  No.  1 


270  Proceedings  of  th^  Asiatu  Society.  [Sept. 

drawn  on  the  paper  only  indicates  half  the  total  disturbance,  /.  e. 
half  the  difference  between  the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere  outside 
and  inside  the  chimney,  so  that  when  it  is  desired  to  give  a  diagram 
showing  the  true  difference,  it  is  necessary  to  double  the  vertical 
scale  as  has  been  done  in  diagram  No.  2. 

**Thi8  indicator  was  at  work  on  the  5th  August  last.  At  5 
minutes  past  2  p.  m.,  a  small  but  severe  thunder  storm  passed  direct- 
ly over  the  Mint,  and  two  remarkable  flashes  of  lightning  occur- 
ed,  one  following  almost  immediately  after  the  other.  There  was 
loud  thunder. 

"  When  the  diagram  was  examined,  it  was  found  that  a  very 
marked  diminution  of  pressure  had  been  indicated,  as  having 
occurred  in  the  chimney  at  2-5  p.  m.,  the  time  of  the  thunderstorm. 

**  The  diagram,  with  an  enlargement  to  shew  in  tenths  of  an  inch 
the  actual  amount  of  disturbance,  is  given.  It  will  be  seen  tliat 
two  distinct  falls  in  pressure  in  the  chimney  are  indicated,  and  that 
after  the  disturbance  had  ceased,  the  pressure  within  the  chimney 
remained  somewhat  less  than  it  was  before  the  storm. 

"  The  height  of  the  chimney  is  80  feet  and  the  inside  diameter  5 
feet." 

The  President  said  that,  assuming  the  phenomenon  described  by 
Col.  Hyde  to  be  attributable  to  the  passage  of  the  thunder  storm, 
one  explanation  only  occurred  to  him.  The  storm  was  distin- 
guished by  a  thunder  claj),  which  caused  the  windows  of  houses  to 
rattle.  Ho  thought  it  possible  that  the  concussion  thus  apparently 
produced  by  the  impact  of  the  sound  wave  might  have  a  very 
a2)prociablo  effect  upon  the  barometrical  column.  Col.  Hyde's 
apparatus  measured  the  difference  between  the  simultaneous  atmo- 
spheric pressures  on  the  two  legs  of  the  indicator,  inside  the  chimney 
and  outside  the  cliimney,  respectively,  and  it  was  obvious  that  the 
sound  wave  would  travel  more  slowly  through  tlie  heated  and  rariiied 
air  of  the  chimney  than  tlirough  the  outside  air  ;  therefore  the  outside 
leg  would  be  affected  by  the  concussion  before  the  inside  leg.  He 
pointed  out  that  if  this  happened,  the  consequence  would  bo  just 
such  a  disturbance  in  the  uniformity  of  the  diagram  drawn  by  the 
self- acting  register,  as  Col.  Hyde  liad  exhibited.  Ho  had  not  tlie 
data  relative  to  the  actual  pressui'os,  tem^ieraturos,  densities,  and 


1670.] 


Proe^ediitffji  uf  the  Anhfic  So^httf, 


271 


tho  height  of  the  ohinmny,  roquisite  to  a  ralpulation  of  thf?  amount 
of  tho  (listurhaute  upon  tliia  basis ;  hut  ho  a<lniittofl  that  he  did 
not  thiiik  the  amount  whicli  would  reftult  irom  sutih  a  r'alculatioii 
would  be  nearly  so  larj^t*  as  that  in  the  diagram.  The  expltmatioii 
waB,  thereioro,  no  doubt  insidrniout, 

CoL  Hydu  said — **  Some  time  sintitj,  I  observed  the  water  in  the 
open  stem  of  the  Utube  oscilkiting,  thinking  that  tlds  might,  perliaps, 
be  due  to  tho  conLUsttion  of  tho  atmosphere  in  the  room,  where  twn 
powerful  air  pumpe,  driven  by  a  30  H.  P.  Engine  were  delivering  air, 
I  made  a  careful  experiment^  by  cloi^iny^  tUo  opt>u  mouth  of  the  IT 
tube,  80  as  to  leave  only  a  very  small  hole  open  to  the  room.  There 
was  not  the  slightest  alteration  in  tto  oscillations,  and  it  was  evident 
that  these  oscillations  were  unaffected  by  the  air  pumps,  and  were 
solely  caused  by  the  action  of  the  chimney  draught.  It  would 
§eem  also  that  the  length  G'-4*'  of  tube  l"  diameter,  and  the  contrac- 
tion catised  by  tho  J  tap  would  effectually  negative  the  supposition 
of  any  sudden  motion  (sueh  as  is  indicated  in  the  diagi'am)  being 
given  to  the  water  in  the  U  tube  by  concussive  aetion  on  tho  open 
stem,  and  the  diogram  I  think  clearly  indicates  a  diminution  of 
pressure  within  tho  chimney  in  relation  to  tlie  pressure  in  the  room^ 
at  the  base. 

**  The  most  probable  cause  seems  to  ho  a  sudden  local  diminution 
in  the  temperature  of  the  storm  5pace  or  cloud  passing  over  the 
top  of  the  t'himney.  The  dtu'ation  of  tlie  disturbance  ^4thin  the 
chimney  is  about  tliree  minutes  as  shewn  by  the  time  lines,  and  the 
ctent  of  the  distm-bance  amounts  to  |  of  an  inch  in  diminution  of 
sure. 

**  The  diagram  indicates  an  occurrence  that  caused  a  sudden  in- 
crease in  the  velocity  of  the  current  up  the  clumney^  a  recurrence, 
and  then  a  return  to  neiirly  tho  original  condition^  and  its  shape,  I 
think,  shews  an  exhausting  action  through  a  c<mtrtteted  orifice. 

"  I  have  not  any  record  of  the  temperfiture  or  of  the  reading  of 
the  barometer  at  tho  time  of  the  st-orm  ;  but  the  height  of  baro- 
meter and  the  teraperatiu-o  of  the  air  and  of  tho  inside  of  the 
chimney  were  reconled  at  1.38  and  at  2,3B  p.  m.  as  follows  : — 

1.38  r.  M,  Barometer,  29,74|  air  temp.  86,  chimney  temp.  220* 

2.38  p.  M.  ,,  2y.W2»  „         84,  ,,  24t>/^ 


272 


P7'nr0fdiji0H  of  th(*  Asiatic  Soci^tf^^ 


[8ept. 


The  following  papers  were  read — 

I. — J^ote  Of  I   Three  Specia  of  Butravhia  from   Jlouhnfirt^ — btf 

Dh.  F.  8  t  0  l  1  c  y-  k  a. 

[Received  oad  read  7tb  Septi  1870.] 

The  two  known  species  of  Oxy^hsmui^  and  one  new  of  Ixalus,  havo 
been  lately  obtained,  in  tlie  eaino  locality,  by  Mr.  W,  Tlieobald  on 
the  Ataran  river,  east  of  Moidinein  (Tenasserim  Province).  Both 
genera  characterize  the  Malay  fauna.  The  dlBcovery  of  t}ie  Ox^§h99i 
tparticularly  intercJiting  in  point  of  geograpliical  distribution. 
•0.  Ittvk  has  up  to  this  only  been  recordt^  fi-om  lla*  rhilippiadS 
iind  ia  stated  by  Giinther  to  be    *  confined"  to  thoso  islands, 

0.  lima  occurs  in  Java,  China^  Camboja  and  Siaui,  and  is  eaid 
to  liave  also  been  found  in  Bengal.  The  last  loculity  was  consi- 
dered doubtful,  but,  through  the  dificovery  of  the  species  at  Moul- 
mein,  it  receives  more  probability,  though  specimens  in  our  u<-'igh- 
bourhood  must  be  of  extreme  rarity.  They  ai*e  not  represented  in 
any  of  our  collections,  while  0,  lavis  is. 

The  discovery  of  the  Oryghisi  so  far  north  is  further  interesting 
in  connection  with  the  fossil  species,  0.  ^milhu^  which  I  have 
described  from  the  upper  tertiary  frog-bods  of  Bombay,  (vide 
Mem*  GeoL  Survey  of  India,  vol,  vi,  part  III,  p.  387),  And, 
since  I  had  the  opportunity  of  examining  the  two  recent  s^iecies, 
I  am  conhdent  that  the  goueric  determination  of  the  fossil  one  is 
correct.  This  fact,  though  as  yet  almost  single,  clearly  indicates 
that  the  Malabar  coast  liad  its  Malayan  fauna, ^ — which  is  so  consi- 
derably ditTcrent  from  thiit  of  Central  India, — ab-eady  at  an  earner 
period  than  the  present  one.  It  remains  to  bo  shewn,  how  far  this 
observation  will  be  supported  by  the  study  of  the  fauna  of  the  up- 
per tejtiary  deposits  of  the  Indian  Peninsula.  Good  materials  for 
tliis  are,  however,  as  yet  a  desideratum.  Every  fragment  of  a  bone 
and  every  shell  must  be  collected  and  carefully  ojcamined,  before 
we  can  speak  with  any  confidence  on  this  important  subject. 

The  genua  Ixaim  includes  a  number  of  small  tree-frogs  without 
vomerine  teeth.  The  species  chiefly  occur  in  Ceylon^  South  India 
(Nilgheris)  and  the  islands  of  the  Philippine  and  Indo-Malayan 
AiHihipc^lago,  but  none  have  as  yet  been  reported  as  far  North 
Moulineiu^ 


1870.] 


Proci^in^B  of  the.  Asia  fie  Socieft/, 


278 


0xT0LO88tT9  L^VIS,    G  It  H  t  h  e  r. 

Batracliia  salient.  Brit*  Mus,,  p.  7,  pi.  I,  fig.  A. 

A  small  specimen,  the  hody  moasiiring  1 J  inch,  whit^li  length  is 
jual  to  tJie  distance  between  the  anua  and  metatarsal  tubercle  |j 
the  4th  toe  is  half  an  inch  long  j  tympanum  very  indiBtinet,  smalle^ 
than  the  eye.     Skin  with  a  few  sc^itteted  tubercles,  more  numeroua 
posteriorly,    laterally  bef^ween  fore   and  hiud-limba  conspicuously 
extended,     Color  above,  pale  vinaceousi,  or  ashy  brown,  lighter  on 
the  limbft,  all  ot»*  with  darker  fine  marblings  and  spots ;   a  some- 
what indistinct  very  narrow  liand  between  the  eyes,  which  are  very 
prominent ;  upper  lip  spotted  with  white  ;  a  short,    tliin    ilexuoua 
fold  extends  from  the  upper  edge  of  tlie  eye  to  the   shoulder  ;  an- 
other much  less  diatinet  short  fold  crosses   obliquely  the   angle  o£j 
the   mouth    and  is   white.     Below,  yellowish    white,   on  chin  and  i 
throat  marbled  and  reticulated  with  dusky,  farther  on  uniform  white, 
with  little  tuberclos,  these  bocnming  most  distinct   on   the    median 
hinder  side  of  the  femora.     There  is  a  distinct  fold  of  the  skin  on 
tile  inner  aide  of  the  lower  two-thirds  of  the  tarsus,  and  a  very  tliin 
fold  also  on  the  fifth  too,  which  Gilnther  does  not  notice. 

Four  Bpecimona  of  this  species  exist  in  the  Asiatio  Society's 
collections,  They  are  about  equal  in  size  to  the  Moulmoiu  speci- 
men and  quite  similar  to  it  in  coloration  ;  all  without  a  pale 
median  dorsal  streak.  Very  probably  they  are  also  from  Burma. 
All  the  specimens  agree  in  their  structural  characters  so  perfect- 
ly with  Guuther*e  description  and  figure,  that  there  can  be 
hardly  any  doubt  as  to  the  identity  of  both,  but  the  Burmese  form 
appeai*s  to  be  constantly  smaller  than  the  Philippine  one. 


OXYQUOSBVS  LIMA,  Tschudi,      VuT. 

Giinther,   Eeptiles  of  India,  p.  40  U    Dum.  and  Bibron,  VIII, 
Erpetologie  gen.,  vol.  p.  334. 

Body,  above,  covered  with  small,  sub-equal,  pointed  tubercles, 
obsolete  on  the  fi-^mt  part  of  the  head  ;  below,  with  Diunerous 
interspersed  large  tubercles  of  which  two  longitudinal  rowa  oa  tho 
middle  of  tlie  cliin  and  throat  are  especially  conspicuous  on  ac- 
count of  their  regularity  ;  the  large  tubercles  do  not  extend  on  th#  3 
loins,  but  are  very  moiked   on   the  lower  bell)',    Bnout  iihcai» 


274 


Ptoe^fffin^n  o/thf  A$t'aitc  ftwit*ty. 


[Skit. 


rounded,  with  tlie  nustrila  swollen  and  obb'quo,  directed  upwards  ; 
eym  largo  promineut  ;  tympanum  qui  to  indistinct,  a  thin  fold 
runs  from  the  upper  edge  of  tlie  03^0  to  tlio  shoulder  ;  no  distinct 
fold  on  the  side  of  tho  body,  whirh  measures  l^V  inch,  the  length 
being  very  nearly  equal  to  the  distance  between  the  anua  and  the 
inner  metatarsal  tubercle  ;  length  of  4th  toe  very  nearly  half  iudi  ; 
total  length  of  hind  limb  1^  inches.  Fingers  thin^  ij-ee  and 
elongated  ;  toes  entirely  webbed  up  to  the  tip  ;  metutarsna  with 
two  tubercles,  the  inner  cousidorably  larger  (but  not  as  large  as  Ul 
0.  IdmM)^  than  the  outer,  the  former  being  lateridly  eompreaaed 
with  an  obtuse  ^^gB^  the  latter  tubercular  and  pointed.  The  tar* 
8U8  haa  on  the  upper  hinder  end  a  small  tubercle,  and  on  the  sido 
of  the  lower  inner  half  a  thin  fold  ;  this  and  the  other  tuberclca 
aro  yellowish.  Tongue  moderately  narrow,  elongated,  terminating 
posteriorly  in  a  long  point. 

Greenish  l>rown  above,  some  of  the  slightly  enlarged  tubercJea 
being  black  and  forming,  especially  on  tlie  limbs,  small  irregular 
dark  spots,  a  pale  median  dorsal  streak,  an  other  much  less  distinct 
on  each  side  of  the  middle  portion  of  the  body  ;  lower  eyelid  and  a 
abort  streak  above  the  arm  yellow  j  the  thin  fold  behind  the  eye 
and  the  fore  limb  in  front  blackish  brown  ;  each  femur  bc*hind 
witli  thi'ee  dark  longitudinal  bands,  separated  by  two  light  colour- 
ed ones,  the  upper  one  of  these  is  very  narrow  and  yellowish,  the 
lower  much  broader  and  with  a  distinct  orange  tinge,  the  lowest 
dark  band  ia  purer  black  than  the  two  upper  ones  ;  hinder  side  of 
tni'BUs  blackish,  this  color  continuing  on  the  iifth  and  the  adjoining 
toe  ;  extreme  edge  of  upper  lip  pale.  Below,  yellowish  wlute 
with  two  sub-parallel  longitudinal  brown  band»^  exttnuling  from 
the  midle  of  the  lo\v«^r  lip  to  the  bully,  tho  sides  of  tho  body  and  the 
front  side  of  the  I'omora  uniform  pale  yellow  ;  hind-limbs  greenish 
pale  brown  ♦  ixnely  marbled  and  punctated  with  darker  brown  and 
with  two  Bomnwhat  irregiilar  brown  spots  in  the  bent  between 
the  belly  and  the  femora. 

Although  difl'ering  in  some  points  from  Giinther'a  defKriptioa,  it 
is  most  probable  that  the  specimen  which  I  have  just  described^ 
does  not  dilfer  ^pecihcally  from  O.  It  may  at  least  tliere  ia  no  sulfi- 
cient  ground  (ov  a  {specific  separatifm  fi*om  tlie  mat^^rials  befoi'o  me. 


I«70.] 


Protet^din^i  qf  the  Aniatk  Socieftf, 


%76 


Qiinther  does  not  state  aU  the  details  of  ooloratioQ  which  I  hava  ■ 
given,  his  specimens  in  spirit  did  pruhiililj  ntit  shew  them  suiE^ 
ciently  clearly,  but  in  the  principal  pciint;*,  the  ooloratiuri  of  tlie 
fresh  Moulniein  specimen  well  agrees  with  ]m  Jiceount»  and  so  dtm& 
also  the  general  structure  of  the  body. 


IXALUa   CINERA8CEIT8,  U,  Sp* 

Bmly,  small,  stouti^h,  moderately  depressed,  abcivo  with  a  few 
scattered  tubercles,  below  on  chin  and  throat  smooth,  on  tho  belly, 
and  the  lower  Bide  of  tho  femora,  very  densi^ly  and  coarsely  tubur- 
ciliated,  the  tubercles  being  flattened  and  mcu'e  or  loss  distinctly  poly- 
hedral. Snout,  short,  obtuse,  shorter  than  eye,  but  equal  to  tUe  leugih 
of  thG  Rxpoyed  pupil,  or  to  the  distance  between  the  eyes  which  are 
-very  prominent  j  nostrils  rounded,  very  slightly  swollen  and  some> 
what  laterally  placed  below  the  indistinct  canthus  rostralis ;  tympan- 
um quite  indistinct  j  a  fold  runs  ii'om  the  upper  eyelid  po,'^teriorly  to 
the  shoulder.  Length  of  body  }  J  of  an  inch,  slightly  shorter  tli an 
Uie  femur  and  tibia  together ;  kital  length  of  hind  limb  1  ^ 
inches,  length  of  fourth  toe  not  C|uit«  ^*^  inch.  Fingers,  quite  free, 
elongated  with  well  developed  ewnllen  discs,  which  are  only  slightly 
smaller  than  those  on  the  toes,  the  latter  being  barely  half  webbed ; 
mctatnrsus  with  a  small  inner  tubercle  and  a  very  indistinct 
one  at  tho  base  of  the  foiu-tli  toe  }  no  fold  on  the  tarsus.  Tongue 
broadly  ^al,  distinctly  notched  boliind  ;  eustachian  openings  small 
and  very  wide  apart. 

Color — abovoj   olive   ashy,   very  minutely   freckled   with   dark, 
paling  at  tho  sides  j  a  broadish  somewhat  infiistinct  band  bftween 
the  eyeS)  one  irregtdtir  band  on  each  side  of  the  back — in  one  speci- 
men represented  by  a  mere  elongated  spot,   three    bands   aci'oasj 
the  lower  arm   and   a  few  spots  on  the  hngers,    tliree  cross-bandtl 
DBS  each  femur  and  tibiat   the   middle  band  being  in  each  cane  I 
broadest  and  most  distinct;  a  spot  on  the  knee,  a  few  small  spot*! 
,un    the   tarsi   and  toes,   and  a  large  spot   rtjund  tlie  anuis  are  dnrlcl 

by,  often  encircled  with  a  more  eonHpicut»Ufl  enlarged  black  line  j 

"shoulder    fold,    a   few    small  spots  on  the  lips,    one    spot    on    tho 

aide  of  the  posterior  belly,  followed,    and    partiidly   encircled,   by 

a  silvery  yellow  tinge,  the  inner   basal    half  of  the  femora  and| 


276 


PraoMdi'ngs  oflh  Anatic  Soati£y. 


[Ssin-. 


Uf  a  great  extent,  also  their  hinder  ai<lt*,  and  the  toes  interntillj  are 
blackJsJi.  Below,  pale  brownish  white,  somewhat  purer  on  chin 
and  thj;oat,  and  all  oTor  finely  Bjiopkle*!  and  punctated  with  dark* 

The  specimens  examined  uppeiu^  to  be  quite  fuiign^wn;  the 
largest  measures  only  |  of  an  incln  Ilie  strticture  and  eoloration 
art!  pecnliar,  and  distingiusb  tlie  present  Bjieoies  from  any  as  yet 
known  Ixom  the  PhilippineB,  Ceylon,  or  South  India. 

n. —  On  th  UHhod  of  asmying  Bih&r  09  conducted  in  the  Indian  Mint, — 
Mtj  Dh.  H.  E,  Busteed,  Oi^G.  Assay  Masteh.  (Abstract.) 

The  method  of  assaying  Silver,  as  now  in  use  in  II.  M/s  Ljdian 
Mints  is  one  poeidiar  to  them  j  it  was  introduced  into  the  Calcutta 
Itlint  about  the  year  1B50,  and  thence  eitended  in  coui'se  of  time 
to  those  of  Bombay  and  Madras* 

It  has  been  favorably  reported  on  and  described  more  cw-  less  in 
detaU  as  an  olhoial  duty  by  various  assay  ofMc^rs,  to  local  Mint 
authorities  in  India^  but  beyond  thia,  it  would  appear,  that  no  at- 
tempt has  been  made  towards  giving  publicity  to  the  praetical 
working  of  the  process,  or  to  making  generally  known  the  labora- 
tory details  of  this  method  of  assay. 

It  has  been  suggested  to  the  writer  that  some  such  attemi^t  now 
woidd  be  not  only  interesting  but  useful,  as  after  20  years'  experience 
of  it,  the  assay  olRcos  in  the  Indian  Mint  must  be  in  a  position  to 
assign  its  true  yalue  to  a  method  which  has  been  used  for  tlie 
assay  of  an  immense  importation  and  coinage  of  silver  bullion. 
To  render  it  more  generally  intelligible,  and  to  show  wherein  the 
process  about  to  bo  explained  contrasted  with  those  in  more  general 
1106,  Dr.  Busteed  verj'  briefly  adverted  to  the  principles  on  which  those 
processes  depend  for  their  results,  omitting  details  and  technicali- 
ties. In  medern  acceptance,  the  principal  duty  of  an  assayer  is  to 
ascertmn  tiie  proportion  of  the  precious  metals  present  in  any 
Bample  of  mixed  metal  submitted  to  him  for  examination,  so  that 
from  the  result  of  his  investigation,  the  proper  value  may  be  as- 
signed by  calculation  to  the  mass  which  the  sample  ia  supposed  ta 
represent. 

This  the  assayer  effects  by  separation  of  the  precious  metals  from 
the  ooiurser  ones*     The  most  ancient  means  of  eflfootiug  this  was,  by 


1870.] 


IH-ocHiif^B  of  thn  Asiatic  Saeiety, 


277 


the  method  of  cupelUUion,  He  ©xplninGd  tho  principle  of  this 
mntliodj  what  ekill  and  experience  it  required  on  the  part  of 
the  oi)erator,  and  how  it  still  fell  short  uf  accuracy  in  its  resmlts. 

Its  short oomings  led  to  the  iuTontion  of  another  procesB  by 
Gay  LiLfisae,  known  as  the  volumetricj  or  humid,  method,  whidi  la 
much  more  accurate,  and  is  now  practised  yery  generally  on  tho 
Continent*  Ite  principles  wei'C  briefly  glanced  at.  Its  introducftion, 
however,  iutci  tho  Indian  Mints  was  not  considered  desirable  by 
their  a^say  officer,  for  certain  roaRons,  a  few  of  which  were  giTen* 
The  method  of  cupellation,  therefore,  being  not  accurate  enough  for 
the  purposes  of  buying  and  selling  bullion,  and  that  hy  the  French 
process  being  considered  not  well  suited  t<i  Indian  Mints,  it  became 
necessary  to  look  out  for,  and  introduce  into  the  AIint«  of  this 
country,  a  process  more  likely  to  an&wer  all  the  endft  in  view. 

This  object  was  attained  by  the  adaptation  and  introduction  of 
the  process  now  in  use,  ns.,  tho  *^Chlfiridc  proce>*«  of  awauying  sil- 
ver/* Hitherto  it  had  never  been  reported  to,  eitcept  on  a  swy 
smaU  scale.  Assay  ere  appear  to  have  shrunk  &om  tlie  manifest 
dithcnlties  of  manipidation  in  collectings  drying,  and  weighing  tlio 
precipitated  L'hloride  of  silver.  The  credit  is  due  to  Mr.  James 
Dodd,  a  former  Assay  Master  of  the  Calcutta  Mint,  of  having  so 
simpliEed,  modi  tied,  and  systematized  the  details  of  this  miitl&ud, 
as  to  render  its  application  to  the  assaying  of  silver  on  a  large 
scale  easy  and  accurate.  The  principles  and  an  outline  of  the 
details  of  the  process  were  then  given,  an  understanding  of  some 
of  the  chief  appliances  and  steps  in  the  manipulations  being  as- 
sisted to  by  suitable  photographs.  The  system  of  weights  in  use 
and  tlie  quantity  of  the  samplo  taken  for  assay  were  also  explained, 
as  well  as  the  putnte  wherein  this  system  might  fairly  be  considered 
better  suited  to  a  Mint  in  India  than  the  other  methods. 

In  conclusion,  Dr*  B.  alluded  to  the  rast  amount  of  silver  bullion 
which  this  process  enabled  the  assny  officers  of  the  Indian  Mints 
to  deal  with  confidently  and  aiicurately,  dtiring  the  past  15  years. 
In  one  year  alone,  that  of  1665-66,  the  imi*ortation  of  silver  bullion 
reached  to  tlje  immense  amount  of  over  M  miiliuup  sterling, — so  put* 
ting  to  a  crruoiid  test  the  system  of  assay  used  for  il«  valuation. 


278 


IVotmdiftgi  of  ihv  A»iatk  Somfy, 


[Sept. 


m, — Th*    Vthfu  l%tf  and  its  henrinffH  upon  Tree  and  Serpmi-worshtp 
in  India, — B^  Babu  PhatXpachandha  Guosha,  B*  A. 

(Abstract.) 

Tlio  Vaetu  Yaga  and  various  other  forma  of  Serpent  and  Tre©* 
wor»liip  arc  traceable  as  much  to  a  feeling  of  fear  as  toother  causes* 
It  is  evidently  a  sacrifice,  invented  by  the  ancient  Aryan  con- 
querors with  a  view  to  propitiate  the  aborigines  or  primeval 
owners  of  the  land.  Vastu  is  the  principal  god,  and  though  the 
aborigines  themselves  are  not  worshipped  by  name,  the  Niga  is  no 
doubt  the  osteueible  object  of  worship.  The  several  gods,  i>roperly 
pitrU  (ancestors,  prodeoossors,  former  owners)  that  occupy  the 
several  mandalas^  nro  also  the  names  of  Nagaa,  The  Vastu  is  the 
God  Eur  thy  ijuite  distinct  fi-om  Dhora  (Terra)  and  in  fJie  prayer  hu 
ia  represented  as  the  supporter  of  the  world* 

The  V^stu  Yaga,  therefore,  appears  \ai  be  a  memorial  of  the 
foundatiou  of  the  new  Aryan  home  and  of  the  N^gas,  a  power- 
ful race  of  aborigines.  In  the  ceromony  for  dedicating  a  tank, 
a  stick  is  planted  on  its  banks.  This  stick  ia  the  Naya-yitifUi^ 
or  the  Naga-pole.  The  application  of  the  term  Nfiga  to  the  reptile 
dasB  is  without  doubt  of  comparatively  recent  date,  and  since  that 
time  may  be  noted  the  double  meaning  of  the  word  applied  to  the 
N%a  aborigines  as  well  tie  to  the  N6ga  seqients,  Ananta  ia  wor- 
shipped not  as  a  snake,  but  as  a  fc»riii  of  Vishnu.  It  literally 
means  etemify.  The  Anantdchaturdm*^  Na^npamhami^  and  such 
other  minor  vratas,  tliough  cotiuected  with  tlie  K^as,  have  notldng 
to  do  witli  the  actual  reptile, 

»  The  aborigines  of  In<Ua  bore  a  peculiar  relationship  to  the  firat 
Aryan  settlers.  Many  of  the  aborigines  were  held  in  high  estima- 
tion, and  in  a  legend  the  goddess  8arai*vati  is  described  as  imxiarting 
the  art  of  music  to  two  of  the  Nfigas  {Kamvala  and  ^/r'lwfitru,)  and 
the  name  of  Karkotaka,  another  N%a,  is  enjoined  to  be  uttered 
eveiy  morning.  There  are  again  several  fruits,  trees,  and  tlunga 
which  are  named  after  the  Nagas,  and  these  are  all  derived  from 
the  N,  E.  frontiers  of  India. 

From  the  above,  it  would  appear  that  the  N%as  as  a  raoe  of  power- 
ful aborigines  were  respected  for  their  prowess  and  also   hated   for 


BTO.] 


Proe^t^dingn  of  tha  A^i&iie  Sttcietf. 


27» 


their  bftrbarous  habUa.  Tlie  omineTit  among  thorn  wore  soon  ideutifiod 
with  some  Hiudu  gods,  and  iiltimnt&lj  thu  Nugas,  aa  a  raoOj  became 
k  class  of  gods.  Serpent^worshii),  in  the  true  Benae  of  a  ereaturo- 
"Worship,  was  never  prevalent  in  India,  and  though,  under  peculiar 
circumstances,  this  warsliip  may  be  seen  at  the  present  day  among 
lie  several  bill  tribeaj  still  such  a  practice  does  not  obtain  among 
^flie  Aryans,  Tlu*  sciiiont,  as  an  emblom  of  eternity,  is  respected, 
but  it  is  the  worship  of  Yis^hnu  and  not  of  the  reptile.  Serpents 
have  crept  into  our  mythological  legends,  but  in  whatever  form 
they  appear,  they  are  put  down  as  enemiea  of  Yishnii,  lUhu  is 
dai'knefls,  and  its  stellar  form  is  a  suako*  Sun  =  Ilari  ^  Vislinu, 
the  destroyer  of  Kahu,  the  first  deatroys  as  darkness,  the  second  aa 
auake,  and  the  third  as  death. 

Figiu'i^s  of  NdgQS  occur  in  sculptured  stones,  but  only  for 
ornanientatiou. 

Several  trees  are  described  in  later  Purfinas  as  fonris  of  Vishnu 
and  other  gods,  but  they  ai-o  cherished  with  a  dogreo  of  care  because 
of  thoir  extreme  usefulness  in  the  tropical  c*ountry.  For  inataiice, 
Tuln  as  an  oi^malic  herb,  the  Durvd  as  a  fodder  on  which  the  cattle 
live,  the  religious  fig  tree  as  offering  cool  shelter,  the  coeoanut  as  a 
refresliing  firult«  Some  trees  again  are  noted  as  obnoxjous  when 
planted  near  dwelling  houses,  because  in  a  Hindu  hygienic  point  of 
view,  they  are  considered  injurious  to  health.  The  papaya  plant  ia 
one  of  those  that  no  Hindu  would  like  to  have  near  his  house* 


IV, — Amtlyiin  of  a  new  Mineral  from  ^fttfnaL — i?y  D.  Walbue,  Esq, 

During  the  period  extending  from  November^  1 863,  to  the  end  of 
1864,  1  had  various  samples  of  metallic  ores  sent  to  me  for  ana- 
lysis by  Mr,  O'Eiley,  the  Deputy  GoniraisBioner  of  Mai^tabang. 
BurmalL  They  were  mostly  samples  of  Galena,  but  one  of  % 
different  kind  particularly  attracted  my  attention  as  of  ratlier  unu- 
sual composition,  so  that  I  suggested  U\  hJm,  that  it  might  bo 
desirable  to  publish  it.  To  this  proposal  he  assented,  suggosting 
that  it  should  be  presented  to  the  Journal  of  the  Smaety.  Circuni- 
ncea  at  the  time  prevented  me  from  can-ying  my  [»n:»po8al  into 
'•ffect,  but  recently  I  re%ujued  tlie  investigation  which  had  been  lyiug 
hmg  incomplete. 


2tt0 


Proreifdinga  of  the  AnitUie  S!ociHt/. 


f  SlSl*T.  1 


The  analysis  of  the  sample  first  sent  by  him  on  24  th  July  having 
heea  undatiKfactory  on  one  point,  and  the  spocimen  hariug  been 
exhausted,  I  wrote  to  Mr.  (3'Riloy  for  another  sample,  in  order 
to  settle  this  point.  In  reply  he  said  that  he  had  only  a  small 
specimen  left,  but  sent  me  anotlier  small  piece  from  the  same  range 
of  hills,  bearing  a  strong  reaeaiblance  to  the  first,  which  lie  thought 
might  probably  be  the  same,  I  have  no  information  of  the  locality 
whence  they  were  got  :  Mr.  O^Kiley's  letters  were  all  dated  from 
Shoaygyeen,  except  one  in  February  1864,  fi-om  the  Karen  counti-y. 
In  a  subsequent  letter,  he  mentioned  that  the  samples  refeiTed  to 
were  from  the  same  range  of  hills  as  a  sample  of  ore  he  was  then 
sending  me,  which  turned  out  to  be  a  double  sulphide  of  copper 
and  iron.  This  is  all  the  information  I  can  give  of  their  aouroep 
as  some  time  afterwards  Mr.  O'ltiley  died. 

The  following  is  the  result  of  my  analysis  of  the  first  sample  sent 
on  24th  July.  , 

a^ppor ,  •  • .      1 7000 

SUver, , -090 

Iron, 36  470 

Antimony,    1  ■  150 

Arsenic, ,      32*700 

Sulphur, 1*360 

Deficiency  and  loss,     • , , , 1 0-624 

Earthy  matter,    , -SfiO 


Total, louuoo 


The  silver  is  equal  to  31 J  ounces,  troy,  per  ton. 

The  unsatisfactory  point  which  I  wished  to  clear  up  was  the 
dnticiency  of  lQ'62i,  which  T  fiupposed  might  be  oxygen  combined 
with  the  metals.  But  this  did  not  appear  a  very  probable  solution 
of  the  difRculty,  and  it  might  rather  be  owing  to  errors  in  analysis* 
The  dotormitmtions  had  all  been  careftdly  made  according  to  the 
usual  methods.  The  ai-aenic  and  antimony  were  separated  from  the 
other  metals  by  Hydrosulphate  of  Soda,  and  the  arsenic  determinod 
as  Arp^euate  of  Magnesia  and  Ammonia,  and  there  was  no  reason  to 
doubt  the  correctness  of  the  process.  But  I  had  some  fear  that 
arsenic  might  have  been  lost  during  tho  operations  prtq>aratory  to 


1870.] 


ProeeMling^  ttf  the  A»iuUo  Socifi^. 


281 


it«  aepflration  from  the  other  metals,  and  an  experiment  made  on 
the  fiec*ond  sample  by  conducting  the  analybis  in  the  same  way  gavei 
suppoi't  to  this  viev,  as  by  this  plan  only  3r5  per  cent,  of  arsenic 
wad  obtained,  instead  of  tlio  37  per  ctsnt.  indicated  below  by  another 
pjrocess.     Probably  arsenic  had  been  volatilised  as  chloride. 

The  second  sample  sent  by  Mr.  O'Eiley,  11th  October,  was 
similar  in  appearance  to  the  first,  but  differed  somewhat  in  compo- 
sition, as  will  be  seen  presently.  No  particular  note  had  been 
taken  of  the  physical  properties  of  the  first  sample.  The  second 
one  was  in  the  form  of  a  flattened  piece  about  fth  of  an  inch  (or  I '2 
centimetres)  thick,  with  a  dull,  blackish,  earthy  looking  surface. 
When  broken,  it  presented  an  uneven  fracture  of  a  laminated  struc- 
ture, somewhat  cellular,  of  a  steel  grey  colotip  with  a  puqilish  tint 
and  metallic  lustre.  In  general  appearance  it  is  like  mispickel, 
but  of  a  redder  shade.  Minute  specks  of  brownish  green  matter 
could  be  seen  here  and  there  on  the  surface,  particularly  between 
the  lamellas,  when  these  presented  themselves  to  view  edge- 
ways. It  gives  no  streak  on  paper  but  a  dark  grey  one  on 
nnglazed  porcelain.  Iliirdness,  5*5. 
Siiecifie  gravity  at  81^  F.  (27°  C.) 
Ill  small  pieces,  7*343 
In  powder,  7-428 

The  pieces  were  boiled  in  the  bottle,  but  no  doubt  still  retained 
air  in  some  interior  cells. 

It  is  easily  soluble  in  Nitric  and  Nitro-HydrocKloric  acids  with  evo- 
lution of  Nitrous  fumes.  One  portion  was  dissolved  slowly  by  diluted 
Nitric  acid  containing  3  per  cent,  its  volume  of  Nitric  acid  of  1400 
and  the  solution  completed  somewhat  more  rapidly  by  a  solution 
containing  5  per  cent,  its  volume.  Hydrochloric  acid  at  atmospheric 
temperature  dissolved  it  partially  by  standing  some  time  (two  or 
three  days,)  to  the  extent  of  about  10  or  11  per  cent.,  and  by  repeated 
I  boiling  about  13  per  cent,  more,  but  there  appeared  no  definite  limit 
to  the  action.  Acetic  acid  dissolves  a  portion,  evidently  oxidised 
matter. 

Ignited  in  a  platinum  crucible  it  caked  together,  lost  its  metallic 
lustre  and  betmme  of  a  brownish  colour,  but  whitish  at  the  edges 
where  it  adhered  to  the  crucible  and  was  removed  with  some  diffi- 


282  JProeeedingi  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Sept. 

culty,  having  slightly  attacked  the  platinum.  By  this  ignition,  it 
increased  nearly  2  per  cent,  in  weight.  Ignited  in  a  small  gla^s 
tube  by  the  blow-pipe  till  the  glass  softened,  it  did  not  appear  to 
yield  any  arsenic. 

In  the  analysis  of  this  sample,  the  arsenic  (with  a  little  antimony) 
was  separated  from  the  other  metals  by  fusing  with  Nitrate  of 
Potash,  and  Carbonate  of  Soda  (Potassium  Nitrate  and  Sodium 
Carbonate,)  or  by  passing  Chlorine  into  the  mineral  mixed  with 
solution  of  Potash.  As  in  this  case,  however,  the  action  was  very  slow, 
the  mineral  was  first  oxidised  by  a  little  nitric  acid,  then  mixed  with 
solution  of  Potash  in  excess  and  Chlorine  passed  through  it.  This 
plan  answered  very  welL  The  results  of  two  analysis  for  the  three 
principal  constituents,  agreeing  very  well,  were  as  follows  : — 

Copper,   13-28 

Iron,   43-88 

Arsenic, , 37*03 

A  complete  analysis   was  made  by  digesting  a  portion  for  about 
twelve  hours  with  diluted  Hydrochloric  acid  and  thus  removing 
the  oxidized  matters.     The  results  were  as  follows. 
Soluble  in  Hydrochloric  acid,  dilute. 

Oxide  of  Copper, 1.21 

Protoxide  of  Iron,     1 .97 

OxideofLead, 1.89 

Arsenious  Acid.  .  , . , .    , 1.12 

6.19 

Insoluble. 

Copper,     12.13 

Iron, 42.12 

Arsenic,    38.45 

Antimony,    » .54 

Earthy  Matters,      12 

93.36 

99.55 
Ix>S8, .45 


100. 


Prmnding^  ef  ih$  Aitattc  Bomt^. 


t88 


In  one  email  piece  I  found  2.  67  per  cent,  of  matters  mBoluble  in 
nitTO-mui'iatic  acid,  but  generally  it  was  very  smaD, 

It  will  be  observed  tbat  this  sample  differs  from  the  first  in  the 
smaUer  proportion  of  what  may  bo  considered  accidental  constituents, 
and  is  a  purer  specimen  of  the  essential  constituents^  arsenic,  iron, 
and  copper.  The  Inside  pieoes  contained  no  sulphur :  Uio  outside 
crust  yielded  a  trace  probably  in  the  state  of  earthy  Bidphate.  And 
while  the  fii'st  sample  contaiaed  a  notable  quantity  of  silver,  this 
did  not  appear  to  contain  any,  or  at  least  so  little  that  I  could  not 
di-'tect  it  in  the  amount  of  matorial  at  my  disposal.  The  (juantity 
of  antimony  was  also  less  than  halt  that  of  the  hi'st  sample* 

I  have  not  been  able  to  find  in  auy  book  on  Mineralogy  I  have  had 
acicesy  to  a  description  of  such  a  mineruL  The  nearest  are  Arseni- 
cal Iron  Pyritet*  (Mispickel)  and  Axotomous  Arsenical  Iron.  But 
it  difi'ers  from  the  fornior  in  the  total  absence  of  Sulphur,  and  from 
both  in  the  presence  of  a  consitlerable  quantity  of  Copper,  as  well 
as  in  the  lar^or  proportion  of  Iron  ;  and  it  differs  still  more  in  the 
proi>urtron  of  tJie  two  basic  metal>»  together  to  tlie  Arsenic,  the 
latter  being  snioU  in  projxjrtion  to  the  former. 

The  constituonts  approximate,  though  not  very  closely,  to  2 
©quivalentii  of  Arsenic,  ti  uf  Iron  and  1  of  Co|iper  ;  rather  more  than 
6  of  iron  and  less  than  1  of  cupper.  This  can  scarcely  be  reduced 
to  any  prooablo  atijmic  formula ;  but  if  the  proper  metaUic  nature  of 
rseuic  bo  admitted  it  may  be  C'onsidered  as  an  oiloy,  and  alloy* 
re  not  limited  in  tht^ir  composition  to  deEnite  ^ormults.  The  ojtoeei 
of  basic  motals  in  ita  compubition  gives  it  u  fijtity  under  the  action 
of  hout  not  very  usual  in  oi'senides  or  unoxidlsod  arseuicid  com- 
pounds* 

I  would  venture  to  propose  for  this  mineral  the  name  of  O'Bi- 
le^'ite  in  honor  of  the  gentleman  who  sent  it  to  me,  whoiie  services 
have  uufortimatcly  bven  lost  to  the  Indian  Government  by  an  un- 
timely death.  This  notice  may  perhai)s  lead  explorers  of  these 
districts  to  discover  additional  specimens  of  this  or  analogous 
minerals. 


264 


ProeMdingi  of  th  A^iatie  SotiHy., 


[8ept. 


V, — Notis  on  Charaka  Sanhitd. — /?y  Db.  Mahenbra  Lal  Rlrcae. 

(Abstract ») 

Charalca  Sauhitd  has  not  yet  been  examiDed  by  acliolftrs  cither 
of  Eui'ope  or  America,  The  account  of  Charaka  in  BoBhtUnck  and 
Eoth*s  Dictionary  publishing  at  St.  Petersberg  is  taken  from  the 
Sahdakalpadfumaf  In.  wli  ch  we  ha\*e  a  fabulous  account  of  the 
autlior,  taken  from  Bhaha  PraUasa^  a  very  modern  work  on  Medicine* 

It  appears,  there  is  a  M8,  in  Wilson's  Collection,  about  which 
Dr*  Both  writes  to  Mr.  Hoernla,  Professor,  Jayanarayan  OoUt^ge, 
Benares,  as  I  learn  from  a  letter  fi'om  the  formnr  to  BaLu  RdjeJidra 
Lala  Mitra,  who  did  me  the  honor  of  referring  to  me  on  the  aubject> 
and  very  kindly  sent  me  Mr.  H.'s  letter  to  him. 

According  to  Dr,  Roth,  thero  are  1 1  part«  or  sections  in  the 
Oharaka  of  Wilson^a  Collection,  wliich  are  called  Sthmas^ 

Now  in  the  MSB,  in  my  possession,  one  of  which  is  a  careful 
transcript  from  a  very  old  and  reliable  MS.  in  possession  of  one  of 
the  Kavirfijas  of  Berhampore,  made  (purposely  for  myself)  under 
the  order  of  the  late  Raja  Prasanna  N6rayana  Deva  B6hadur»  aa 
weU  as  in  other  M8S.  in  possession  of  other  Kariraja-s,  which  I 
have  soeni  there  are  eight  part«  or  sections  or  SthAnaM,  Dr.  Wise, 
the  only  European  writer  who  gives  any  correct  account  of  Chara- 
ka, mentions  ordy  eight  parts  or  Sth/tnm^  the  names  of  which 
exactly  correspond  with  those  in  our  MSS.  Besides,  the  addi- 
tional parts  mentioned  by  Dr,  Both  oi'e  but  adhythjas  of  one  or 
other  of  the  eight  Sth4nas. 

All  our  MSS.  thus  Agreeing,  I  conclude,  the  original  Chjiraka 
Sanhita  consists  of  eight  8tharia8  or  Sections.  The  following  list 
Bhows  the  names  of  these  sections,  and  the  number  of  the  chapters 
or  adhyayas  they  severally  contain  : — 


IT    Ujft^^lH 


\*  ^HjRrrf^  ( 


1870.] 


ProeeediHffi  of  the  Asiatic  Society, 


285 


I 


Charaka  ib  nut  the  origino]  attthor  of  the  work  wliit  h  goes  by 
hiB  name.  That  author  wn&  Agnivesha,  ii^ha,  along  with  five  otlier 
rishis,  Bhela^  Jatukiirna,  ParafifiT.*i|  Ildritat  and  K^hiripdni,  re- 
ceived inatruciion  from  Bharadvftja>  who  hiinseli"  was  taught  by 
Indra.  Indra  had  received  Uio  ftdence  from  the  twins  Aishvini 
Kumdras  ;  Ashini  Ktiinaras  from  Prajapati,  to  whom  the  seionoo 
(Ayurveda)  was  revealed  by  Brahma,  the  supreme  creator. 

But  Ckaraka  does  nut  pretend  to  the  authorship  of  the  work. 
At  the  end  of  every  sthitna,  nay  at  the  end  of  each  Chapter  or 
Adhyaya,  we  havo  tho  admission  : 

from  which  it  appears  that  he  gives  the  authorahip   to   Agnivesha, 
and  takes  credit  to  himself  only  for  revif^ion  and  corrH'tion. 

In  the  fabulous  account  of  Charaka  in  Bhabaprakasha^  quoted 
in  lUji  mdhS  K^nta*fl  SaMakitlpatiruwa^  and  alluded  to  above,  he 
18  said  to  have  compihjd  from  the  works  of  the  six  disciples  of 
Bharadvaju.  This  is  very  probable^  but  he  does  not  say  so  himself- 

As  to  the  antiquity  of  the  work,  it  is  impossible  to  fix  the  date 
when  it  flowed  fr«>m  t!io  lips  of  Atruya,  or  issued  from  the  pen  of 
Agnivesha,  and  when  it  was  revised  and  e<lite<l  by  Charaka.  All 
that  we  can  say,  at  the  present  stage  of  our  inquiry,  is,  that  it 
seems  to  us  to  be  anterior  to  Sushruta,  the  only  other  ancient 
Hindu  work  on  medicine  extant  Sushruta  calls  himself  the  son  of 
Vishvu  Mitra,  who  was  the  contemporary  of  Il4ma,  and  claims  to 
have  derived  his  knowledge  of  medicine  from  Dhanwantari.  Now, 
Dhanwantari  is  a  mythological  personfige^  but  the  Dhanwantari 
from  whom  Sushruta  received  instruction  in  Ayurvnda  was  ho  who 
was  calletl  Dibodasa  and  was  king  of  K6si,  whifth  is  now  oup 
modern  Benares,  It  is  eingular  thnt  nnithor  of  these  works  makes  , 
any  allusion  to  the  other.  Both  make  A'yui*veda  of  divine  origin, 
and  they  agree  in  tracing  this  origta  from  above  downwards  as  fur 
as  Indra.  But  alVer  that  thny  diverge.  Charaka,  as  we  have  seen, 
makes  Bharadvaja  derive  his  knowledge  from  Inrlrn,  wliereas 
Sushruta  makes  it  X)hanwautari.  We  are  inclined  to  think  Bu* 
Bbruta  to  be  a  latter  work,  inasmuch  as  his  preceptor  is  a  laUir  per- 

ISO n age  than  Bharadvaja. 
Btisides  the  above^  we  have  other  grounds  for  believing  Sushruta 
to  be  a  later  work.     Though  not  so    full   and  eopiottSi   it  is  more 
- 


286 


ProenedtnffM  ofth^  Anaiic  Soeirty. 


[Sept, 


syatematic  and  nfbre  logical  in  its  daasifioations  than  OKaruka.  It 
IB  more  precise  and  accurate  in  it^  anatomy.  Suahmta  does  not 
make  any  mention  of  beef  as  an  artii'lo  of  diet,  wLich  Charaka  does. 
Hence,  Sushruta  cuuid  not  have  llourialitjd  at  an  age  when  beef  was 
still  an  article  of  food.  Again,  both  Bagbhatta,  and  Misrabhaira, 
the  author  of  Bhabaj^'alcjvHha,  by  far  the  most  andont  of  the 
modern  class  of  medical  \rriterft,  both  these  authors,  we  8ay,  agree 
in  giving  priority  and  superiority  to  Atreya  (or  Bharadvija),  the 
preceptor  of  Agniveshai  the  author  of  the  work  which  now  goea  by 
the  name  of  Charaka. 

Hence,  if  we  take  Sushruta  to  have  flourished  about  the  time  of 
Udma,  the  illujitrious  fjontemporary  of  his  father  Vishva  Mitra,  wo 
must  claim  for  Charaka  a  date  anterior  to  that  of  Sushruta. 

But  Charaka  could  not  liave  Hourished  in  the  pre-Pauranio  ag0| 
inasmuch  aa  Iiidra  is  called  in  the  work,  -^^^if^  (the  slayer  of  ii 
demon  culled  Bala,  mtmtioned  only  in  some  of  the  Purinas). 

Such  being  the  antiquity  of  Charaka  Sanluti,  it  must  possnaa 
yeiry  unusual  interest,  not  only  for  the  historian  of  medicine,  but  no 
loss  for  the  philologiat  and  the  liistoriun  in  general,  and  the  piula~ 
sopliui*  As  for  its  value  in  a  medical  point  of  view,  this  is  not 
the  place  to  dilate  ujjon  it.  Tiiia  much,  however,  I  must  say,  that 
its  pathology  apail,  I  have  found  it  to  contain  excellent  and  sound 
remarks  on  therapeutics,  dietetics,  and  hygiene. 

The  hiat<iry  of  any  period  should  now  be  deemed  incomplete, 
irnless  we  had  an  insiglit  into  the  nature  of  the  diseases  which 
prevailed  in  that  poriod.  In  this  point  of  view,  we  have  no  doubt, 
the  study  of  Charaka  would  throw  much  light  on  the  Idstory  of 
the  time  in  which  it  was  written.  From  it,  we  shall  be  able,  in  a 
great  measure,  to  decypher  the  mental  characteristics,  the  various 
occupations,  the  mode  of  living,  and  vari*)us  otlier  ci  re  urns  ta  aces, 
csonuected  with  life  and  its  preservation  which  prevailed  in  that  age* 

The  receipt  of  the  following  couimuuications  was  announced — 

1.  Descriptions  of  New  Land   SheUs  jro/u   the    SLtn    StalM 
Pe^u — By  W.  TttEOBALD,  Esq. 

2.  On  the  Land  ShelU  of  Bonrhon  wWi  ilesct'iptwm  of  nmo 
tj)ecle»* — Bi/  G.  Nsvill,  Ksu.,  C.  M.  li,  S» 

8*  D€»c$*ipliofit  qfnew  aptcUa  of  MQllmca  from  O^ylon* — By  Mi£4»sus. 
G.  and  H.  Nsvux* 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  287 

Library. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  the 
last  meeting  : — 

Presentations, 
*«*  Named  of  Donors  in  Capitals. 

Tilleeg  til  Aarboger  for  Nordisk  Oldkyndighed  og  Historie,  Aar- 
gang,  1866,  1867.— The  Eoyal  Society  of  Nobthekn  Antiqui- 
ties, Copenhagen. 

Asirboger  for  Nordisk  Oldkydighed  og  Historie,  udgivne  af 
det  Kongelige  Nordiske  Oldskrift-Solskab,  1866,  1867,  1868.— 
The  same. 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  Eoyale  des  Antiquaries  du  Nord,  1866, 
1867.— The  same. 

Bijdragen  tot  de  Taal-land-en  Volkenkimde  van  Nederlandsch 
Indie,  4th  vol.,  3rd  part. — The  Royal  Instit.  of  Netherland  India. 

Journal  Asiatique,  Nos.  55,  56. — The  Asiatic  Society  of  Paris. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  de  Geographie.  April  and  May,  1870. — 
The  Geographical  Society  of  Paris. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  120.— The 
Eoyal  Society  of  London. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  Vol.  XIV, 
No.  2. — The  Royal  Geographical  Society  of  London. 

The  Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,  Vol  IV,  part  2. — The  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland. 

Bollettino  della  Societa  Geographica  Italiana,  fas.  5. — The 
Italian  Society  of  Geography. 

Monatsbericht  der  Koniglich  Preussischen  Akademie  der  Wis- 
senschaften  zu  Berlin,  Mai  1870. — The  Royal  German  Academy 
OF  Sciences. 

Verhandlungen  der  K.  K.  Geologischen  Reichsanstalt,  Nos.  10 — 
17. — The  Geological  Institute  of  Vienna. 

Jahrbuch  der  Kaiserlich-Koniglichen  Geologischen  Reichsan- 
stalt, Nos.  34, — The  same. 

The  first  Annual  Report  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  January    1870. — The  American    Museum  of  New  York. 

Original  Sanscrit  Texts,  Vol.  V,  by  Dr.  J.  Muir, — The  author. 


28B  Proee^din^ft  of  the  A*iatie  SoeUif/.  [Skpt.,  1870. 

Main  Results  of  tlie  mrvdern  Vaidik  Ro»earohes,  by  R.  Ghoaha. 
— The  authob, 

Prufeasional  Papers  of  Tn<lian  Eugiaeering.  No.  28. — The  Editor. 

ElmjiyfinM,  Yol.  IIi  No,  3,  edited  by  Hemachaodra  BhatU- 
oharya. — The  Editor. 

Meruoirr^  on  tliu  History,  Falk-lnre,  and  Distribution  of  the  races 
of  the  North- Western  Provinces  nf  India,  ]>y  the  latf*  8ir  II, 
EDiot.     Edit»?d  by  J.  Bennies  Esq.,  C.  8.,    2  Vols,— Lady  Elliot, 

Sfisti^ii  Prak^d,  Kalki  Parana,  No.  I. — Kedaraxatha  Banerji, 

PUBLISHEB. 

Archives  Paloographiques  do  TOnent  et  de  rAraeriqiie  par  Leon 
de  Ro8ny,  parts  12. — Mvisoxxeuvb  and  Co.,  Plthlisuers. 

Eooords  of  the  Greolo^i^ical  Survey  of  Intlia,  Vol.    Ill,    part  3. — 

The  SlTPERINTEN'DENT,  GEOLOGICAL  SiraVEY  OF  IpTDIA. 

A  nlasaifiod  Catalounio  <^>f  Sanscrit  works  in  the  Sarasvati  BUiin* 
diiram  Mysore. — The  Commissioner  of  Mysore, 

Htmters  Coniparativo  i^tctiouary,  Part  L — The  Gov.  op  Tntha* 

Dniry'8  Hand-book  of  the   Indian    Fitira,    3.  VoIh. — Tni::  samk. 

SokK'tions  from  the  Records  of  tht)  Madraa  GoYornnient^  No.  II  ; 
Survey  and  Settlement  of  tho  ChoUu mbrum  and  Manergnody 
Tahiuk;^,  No.  15,  Report  on  PubHt'  Instiiiction  in  the  Madi*a8 
Prenidtjucy  for  18fi8-69.— The  »\ue. 

Rejjort  on  Meteorology,  Musoum  and  Horticultural  Gardens  in 
the  Province  of  Oudh,  1869*70.— The  s^uie. 

Report  on  the  Administration  of  Civil  and  Criminal  Justice, 
Oudh,  1869.— The  same. 

Oeimus  of  Oudh,  2  YoK — The  same. 

Sanitary  and  Vawine  Reports,  Oudh,  1869.— The  same. 

Dispensaries  and  Lunatic  AKylum.  Oudh,  1809. — The  &ame. 

Progress  of  Education,  Oudh,  1869. — The  same. 

Purehme. 

Conchologia  Indica,  by  Hanley  and  Theobald  Part  1  : — Westmins- 
ter Review,  Jidy  ; — Quarterly  Review,  July: — Revuu  ilejs  iJeiix 
Houdo3,  July  : — Revue  Archeidogique,  Juin  : — Revu*.*  de  /^fudo^i©, 
No8.  5  and  6: — The  Annals  and  Mag^mnoof  Natural  History, 
July  r— The  Philosophical  ifagazine,  July: — Journal  of  the  Statis- 
tical Society^  June  : — Compter  Readus,  Nos.  23 — 26: — .Tournal  des 
Savants,  May  and  June  : — Zonki.ir^a  Dictionary,  pai't  XV  : — ^Boht- 
liugk's  Dictionary,  part  43  : — Ciii-onique  de  Tabari,  2ud  Vol, — The 
Indian  Medicjil  Gazette,  September: — Paepati's  E'tudes  aur  lea 
Tc'liinghianes  au  Bohemiens  de  rEmpir©  Ottoman. 

The  Nature,  Nos*  3G— 40 : — ^Tho  At]ienieuiu»  Jtme, 


rroc.A5i*tSoc:  Bengal.  Sept   1870. 


TL  m 


'  y 


Cell  hiiuti  tun*yfUfth£NtunsQn4^yas*^ 


Jhroc.  A  Rial  SocBen^ 


"a      s     ,?      *q 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  TUB 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOB  November,  1870. 


A  meeting*  of  the  Socieiy  was  held  on  Wednesday  the  2nd 
instant,  at  9  p.  m. 

T.  Oldham,  Esq.,  LL.  D.,  Vice-President,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 
The  following  presentations  were  announced  : — 

1.  From  R.  F.  St.  John,  Esq.,  A  note  on  the  antiquities  of 
Thatone. 

2.  From  Capt.  A.  Bloom£eld,  B^gh&t,  six  ancient  copper  coins. 
They   are    old    Hindu  copper  coins.     On    some  of    them  the 

figure  of  an  elephant  may  be  seen.     They  are  all  square. 

3.  From  Lieut.  J.  Butler,  Commissioner,  Naga  Hills,  A  spear 
of  an  Angami  Naga,  a  coat  of  the  same,  and  a  pair  of  ear 
ornaments. 

The  following  gentleman  is  a  candidate  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting  : — 

A,  Rogers,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  Calcutta,  proposed  by  L.  Schwendler, 
Esq.,  seconded  by  Col.  H.  Hyde. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  intimated  their  desire  to  with- 
draw from  the  Society  : — 
Captain  H.  H.  Thuillier,  J.  M.  Boss,  Esq.,  and  C.  Lazarus,  Esq. 

The  following  letters  were  read  : — 

1.    From  Fleetwood  H,  Pellew,  Esq.,  on  the  *  Barisal  Guns.' 

'  In  regard  to  the  "  Barisal  Guns,"  my  notion  was  that  waves  of  a 

*  There  was  no  meeting  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  October,  as  the  members 
present  did  not  form  a  qaomm. 


290  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Nov 

length  of  a  milo  or  two  each,  advancing  obliquely  from  the  S.  S.  W. 
would  break  successively  on  the  coast  from  W.  to  E.  To  a 
person  dose  by,  the  sound  of  each  wave  would  be  somewhat  con- 
tinuous ;  but  to  a  person  40  or  50  miles  off,  if  the  wave  broke  simul- 
taneously, the  sound  would  be  a  boom  like  that  of  a  gun,  because 
both  extremities  of  the  wave  would  be  nearly  at  the  same  distance 
from  the  hearer  as  the  centre. 

'  I  have  at  Pooree,  when  the  S.  W.  Monsoon  has  lulled,  seen  far 
to  the  south  a  very  lofty  wave  break  with  a  distinct  booming  noise , 
a  second  or  .two  after  another  nearer,  then  one  opposite  to  me,  and 
then  others  towards  the  north  as  far  as  one  could  see.  Even  to 
one  standing  on  the  beach,  the  noise  of  these  waves  (except  the 
nearest)  was  so  like  that  of  guns  that  we  used  to  remark  on  the 
resemblance.  When  the  wind  was  blowing  strongly,  the  wave  was 
tm'ned  over  by  the  force  of  it,  before  it  attained  its  full  height ;  but 
when  there  was  no  wind,  or  a  slight  breeze  from  the  shore,  whilst 
the  swell  was  still  high  from  the  effect  of  the  monsoon,  this  pheno- 
menon often  occurred,  the  wave  rising  to  an  immense  height  and 
breaking  over  a  mile  or  two  of  beach  at  one  moment. 

*  I  may  remark  that  the  wind  blows  very  obliquely  on  to  tiie 
Pooree  coast  and  would  not  take  the  sound  so  far  inland  as  at 
Backergunge. 

'  The  great  difficulty  about  the  Bai-isal  guns  arose  from  the  fact 
that  the  Musalmans  at  Perijpore  and  round  the  Kocha  Eiver  cele- 
brate their  marriages  chiefly  in  September  and  always  fire  off 
earthen  bomb  shells,  and  it  is  almost  impossible  to  tell  the  sound  of 
these  from  the  Barisal  guns.  I  should  never  have  believed  in 
them  at  all,  if  I  had  not  once,  when  in  the  Sajjlenja  river  in  the 
Sundai-ban,  with  nothing  but  forest  to  my  south,  heard  thorn  dis- 
tinctly on  four  or  five  different  occasions  in  one  night.  Of  course  we 
may  have  been  mistaken,  but  the  sound  to  our  senses  was  un- 
doubtedly from  the  south,  and  much  louder  than  I  ever  heard  it 
before.  It  woke  me  up  from  sleep,  we  were  then  about  30  miles 
from  the  coast.' 

2.  From  H.  J.  Eainey,  Esq.,  Zamindar  Khulni,  Jessore,  on  the 
same  subject. 


Pfvrsedin0H  of  th  Aitatie  Soct^fi^. 


201 


*  On©  incident,  and  a  prominent  one  too,  1  Laro,  I  find,  inadver- 
tently omitted  to  moation  in  my  last  letter,  which  is,  that  tha 
direction  of  the  »oundA  appears  to  travel  invariably  along  the 
course  of  the  ©treania  that  discharge  themselves  into  tlie  Bay. 
This  circumstance  I  have  carurully  observed  for  a  series  of  years, 
and  hence  I  indicated  the  noises  as  coming  from  the  aaa-hoard ; 
0,  g,  the  BubHlivisjon  of  IChidiid  is  situate  on  the  coiiiluence  of  thd 
rivt^rs  Bhoirub  and  Eujifcii  (the  latter  a  luteal  name  for  the  conti- 
nuation of  tlio  PasaiJ,  which  rtm  respectively  N.  and  E,  of  it,  and 
when  1  waa  reeidiug  there,  I  noticed  that  the  sound**  appeared  to 
come  from  tlie  S*  E,,  while  now  that  I  am  living  across  the  Hupsii 
on  the  west  side  of  it,  the  noises  are  heard  from  the  8.  W.  Again, 
I  lived  about  a  year  at  a  place  called  Nali,  alim  Schillorganj,  on  the 
Baleswiu'  Eiver,  and  to  the  oast  of  it,  wht^n  the  detomitions,  for  ^suoh 
I  may  call  them,  were  distinctly  heard  from  the  S.  W.  No  Eu- 
rupoan  has,  I  believe,  resided  lower  down  the  BiileewtfnBi¥«tjn 
tho  Sundarban  than  Scliillerganj,  which  is  distant  about  a  tide 
only  from  the  open  sea,  and  the  sounds  heard  by  me  there  were 
decidedly  louder  than  those  I  hear  here,  while  below  that  plaice, 
and  1  have  heard  them  very  close  to  the  sea,  as  far  down  tho 
Hm'unghdtii  river  as  a  boat  could  well  venture  out  during  tho  8, 
W.  monsoon.  They  were  audible  with  even  still  greater  prccLiion  ; 
but  the  reports  wore  quite  as  distinct  there  from  one  another  as 
they  were  elsewhere,  wliieh  would  not  appear  to  boar  out  t!ie  surf 
theory  or  hypotheaia  originally  propounded  by  Mr.  Pellow^  and 
which  appears  to  have  found  much  favour.* 


3.    FaoM  0.  A,  Elliott,  Esa.,  Off§.  8fc^.  to  the  Govt,  of  the  JVl  JF.  P, 

*  I  am   directed  to  forward   for   tho   inlbrmation  of  the  Aftiatio 

Society,  copy  of  a  Report  dated  7th  July,  by   the  Civil  Engineer 

of   the   Allahabad  Circle,   relative   to  the  Monolith  at  Kosiuiibha 

in  tho  Alhdiabad  Districrt.' 

Eeport. 

"I    have  the  honor    to  report   that    in   conformity    witli   tha 

orders   of  Government,    dated   22nd  April,  1870,  I  piKiceeded  to 

**  K»)6im'*  on  tho  1 9th  May,  and   under  my  personal  6iiper\ision 

commenced  the   work  of  excavating  the  Monolith  alluded  to  in 


292 


Froetedings  of  ih  Asiatic  S(ycietf. 


[Nov. 


the  above  orders.     The  poBition  and   dimensions  of  the  exposed 

portion  of  tho  shaft  as  I  found  it,  has   been   &o   minutely  and 

accurately  described  by  CoL  Cunningham  in  his  report  (tyid^^M 
Journal  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  for  1865,  Vol.  34,  Port  I.),  that  i1^^ 
needs  no  repetition  at  my  hands, 

**  The  small  excavation  made  by  Col.  Cunningham  and  partially 
refilled  by  him  was  in  the  first  instance  cleared  out  and  a  more  ex- 
tended area  subsequently  embraced,  so  as  to  eLabie  me  to  reach  the 
bottom  of  the  Monolith  with  the  least  possible  amount  of  labour. 

'*  The  o:xcavation  was  uainterniptedly  carried  down  to  tlie  depl 
of  16  feet,  exposing  the  shaft  for  a  length  of  26  feet  Irom  the   to] 
but  without  exhibiting  any  appearance   of  approaching  the  base 
at  this  depth,  however,  it  became  necessary  to  cut  away  a  portion 
of  the   underlying   bank    against   which   the    column  rested,  to 
admit  of  its  circumference  being  accurately  measured,  and  during 
this  opttmtion  a  joint  running  parallel  with  the  axis   of  the   shaft 
in  the  direction  of  its  base  was  discovered  on  the  underlying  side 
and  as  it  was  popularly  believed  and  strongly   asserted  by   a  ri 
epectable  body  of  natives  collected  on  the  spot  that  it  was  a  secr^ 
recess  concealing  treasure,  operations  were  susponded  and  circom- 
stances  verbally  reported  to  you  on  the  25th  May,  together  with 
my  view  of  the  matter,  that  it  would  most  probably  be  found  to 
a  piece  let  into  the  base  of  the  Monolith,  to  replace  a  flaw  in  t] 
original  stone  of  which  it  was  formed.   But  there  being  a  possibility 
of  doubt  on  the  subject,   Mr.  Chalmers,  Assistant  Magistrate,  wi 
deputed  to  accompany  me  and  witness   tlie  opening  of  the  recei 
However,  owing  to  an  unfortunate  accident  (my  horse   falling  ani 
rolling  over  me)  I  was  unable  to  witness  the   further  development 
of  the  Monolith,  although   I  was  in   camp  in  the  vicinity.     Tho 
remainder  of  the  operations  was  carried  out  under   Mr.    Chalmers* 
Buperintendenoe  and  the  recess  opened  in  his  presence,   and   the 
supposed  repository  of  treasure  resulted^  as  I  had  antioipated, 
being  nothing  more  than  a  piece  carefully  let  in  to  replace   a  fla^ 
in  the  original  stone.  The  piece  measures  B  feet  long,  and  is  about 
the  area  of  the  column  at  its  base* 

**  Owing  to  the  accident  above  mentioned  and  the  intense  heat 
the  weather,  I  was  at  this  stage  of  the  proceedings  reluctantly 


1«70.] 


Pi-ocetulingM  of  the  Asiaiid  ! 


nn 


compelled  to  suspend  work  till  tlie  ensuing  cold  weather  op  until 
the  receipt  of  further  orders. 

"  The  Monolith,  as  iaow  exposed,  measures  from  top  to  haee  84 
feet  having  a  circumf»3rence  of  7*  10''  f»jot  at  top,  and  ten  foet  at 
bottom,  which  taken  together  with  the  two  pieces  lying  in  its  virgi- 
nity gives  a  total  length  of  40'  9*'^  and  this  in  mj  opiuipn  does  not 
fuUy  represent  the  full  height  of  the  origiual  column,  as  the  top 
portion  exhibits  a  broken  suface  without  a  truce  of  the  capital  op 
any  means  of  connecting  it  with  the  Monolith,  had  it  ever  existed 
even  in  a  fteparate  piece. 

**  Colonel  Oimninghani  in  his  report  is  of  opinion  that  the  column 
retains  its  original  position  although  overturned  j  the  result  of 
the  oxcnvationa  prove  the  contrary,  as  the  lower  portion  of  it  was 
found  imbedded  in  pure  clay  without  a  particle  of  brick  or  stone 
intermixed.  I  naturally  exj^joetod  t^  diid  some  traces  of  a  base- 
ment of  some  description,  but  all  vestiges  of  brick  and  stone  dis- 
appeared at  the  depth  of  IG  feet  from  the  surface,  the  base  of  tlio 
Munolith  resting  in  dark  stilf  day  ;  it  is  therefore  my  opinion  that 
it  has  never  been  erected  on  the  site  it  now  occupies,  and  its  origi*' 
nal  position  will  more  likely  bo  fmind  amongst  some  one  of  the 
many  very  remarkable  mtiimds  surrounding  it.  On  some  of  these 
the  foundations  of  immense  palatial  buildings  can  be  distinctly 
traced,  and  I  would  beg  to  suggest  for  the  cimsidoratinn  of  Gov* 
emment  whether  it  might  not  bo  in  the  tutern'st  of  Areheologicol 
science  to  have  the  more  remarkable  of  them  thoi'Oughly  exanuni}d 
during  the  next  cold  season. 

**  During  the  tfxcavations  no  object  of  interest  beyond  the  remark- 
ably large  bricks  described  by  Col.  Cunningham  was  discovered, 

**  In  cont'luaion  I  may  udd  that  the  cost  of  removing  the  Monolith 
into  Allahabad  will  moat  probably  fall  very  little  short  of  Ka, 
10,000,  There  being  no  road  of  any  description  between  **  Kosim" 
and  *'  Serai  Akil"  (9  miles),  a  smooth  track  will  have  to  be  made  over 
this  portion,  and  from  the  latter  plaoe  to  Allah abad»  several  nullahs 
will  have  to  be  temporarily  tilled  in,  and  the  immense  si^e  of  the 
column  will  require  special  ooutrivancea  for  moving  a  weight  uf  15 
tons  (about)  across  country.^* 

(Signed)         H»  K*  NssniTTp  Civtl  Mi^inm-. 


294  Proceedings  of  the  Astatic  Society  [Nov, 

In  reply  to  a  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Society,  regarding 
inscriptions  on  the  Monolith,  Mr.  Nosbitt  writes  as  follows  : — 

**In  reply  to  your  letter  No.  533  of  the  12th  instant,  I  have 
much  pleasure  in  informing  you  that  there  are  many  inscriptions 
on  the  **  Kosim  Monolith,"  and  they  are  almost  in  as  many  vari- 
ous characters  as  there  are  inscriptions,  the  most  remarkable  and 
apparently  the  most  ancient  of  them  being  of  a  peculiar  shell- 
shaped  pattern. 

**  I  shall  endeavour  to  procure  the  "  rubbings"  you  require  as 
soon  as  possible,  but  at  present  I  am  myself  unable  to  get  out  to 
Kosim  (30  miles),  owing  to  press  of  work  in  the  station. 

"  The  Government  having  taken  a  favourable  view  of  my  sugges- 
tion to  explore  some  of  the  most  remarkable  mounds  alluded  to  in 
my  report,  I  entertain  hopes  of  making  some  interesting  dis- 
coveries during  the  ensuing  cold  season.  I  may  add  that  wliilst 
excavating  a  tank  a  few  miles  from  Kosim,  two  white  marble 
figures  in  good  preservation  were  discovered.  One  is  called  by  the 
natives  whom  I  consulted  **  Mahabeer,"  and  the  other  "  Nundhea." 
They  are  now  both  deposited  in  the  Allahabad  Museum." 

The  President  then  exhibited  two  inscriptions  received  from 
Babu  Rashbihari  Bose,  Banka. 

Tlie  first  inscription  is  taken  from  Col.  Franklin's  *  Inquiry  con- 
cerning the  pi  to  of  Ancient  Palibothra,  Part  II.*  The  second  is  a 
Bengali  Inscription  taken  from  a  Hindu  Temple  on  the  Mondar 
Hill. 

Bdbu  PljendraMa  Mitra  said,  that  not  having  Franklin's  work 
at  hand,  he  could  not  say  whence  the  first  inscription  had  been 
taken  ;  but  judging  from  its  character  and  subject,  he  was  satisfied 
that  it  was  a  Buddhist  record,  and  commemorated  the  dedication  of 
a  statue  or  a  chatya.  The  character  was  intermediate  between  tlie 
Gupta  and  the  Kutila,  and  had  been  inscribed  probably  in  the 
sixth  century  of  the  Christian  era.  The  fifth  letter  of  the  third  line 
was  doubtful,  so  were  the  last  two  letters  of  the  last  lino.  Ho  read 
the  record  as  follows  : — 


1 870.]  Froeeeiings  of  the  Asiaiic  Society,  295 

"^m  ^ftj^^ — or  ^^'H^ 

"  The  liigUy  veneratod,  the  great  king,  the  king  of  kings  Sri 
TJgrnbhoirava  +  d(  dicated  this." 

The  second  inscription  was  from  a  modem  temple  on  the  Mondar 
Ilill,  built  'about  270  years  ago,  by  a  zemindar  of  Subbalpur.  It 
was  written  in  the  old  Bengali  character  of  the  Tirhut  typo  and  in 
the  Sanskrit  language.  The  temple  was  intended  to  supply  the  place 
of  an  older  one,  dedicated  by  aChola  li6jd,  wliich,  according  to  the 
local  legend,  had  been  demolished  by  Kfildpah^,  and  the  remains 
of  which  are  still  visible.  The  following  are  its  transcript  and 
translation : — 

^^f^^^fH:  ^^113>T?rf?r:  ^<»i^^^i<WW  il 

"The  well-disposed,  and  auspicious  Chhatrapati,  son  of  tho 
auspicious  Y^isudeva,  dedicated  tliis  pure  and  noble  place  of  victory 
on  earth  for  S'ri  Madhusudana,  in  tho  S  aka  yi^ar  1521,  when  tho 
noble  Brahmdna  Duhs'dsana  was  the  officiating  priest.  S'aka  1521. — 
[A.  D.,  1597.] 

The  following  papers  were  read — 

I. —  On  the  Funeral  Ceremonies  of  the  Ancient  Hindm, — By  Babu 
Ra'jendrala'la  Mitra.     (Abstract.) 

Tho  paper  opens  by  adverting  to  two  articles  which  have  already 
been  published  on  the  subject,  one  by  H.  T.  Colebrooke  on  tlie 
modern  ritual,  and  the  other  by  Max  MiiUer  on  the  ancient 
ritual ;  and  then  notices  in  detail  the  cremationary  and  sepul- 
chral ceremonies  described  in  the  Arapyaka  of  the  Black  Yajur 
Veda.  Some  of  the  rites  noticed  are  remarkable.  The  first 
ceremony  was  the  removal  of  the  dead  from  the  house  to  the 
burning  ground,  and  this  was  done  on  a  cart  drawn  by  two 
bullocks,  or  by  aged  slaves.  The  procession  was  headed  by 
the  eldest  of  the   i)arty,    and  included   an  old  black  cow.     This 


ir**  x;jb4^  Vy  il^  >/7  iLfs^/rfA^  s&d  «-**  dieace resofyred bj  m yoomger 
^/fAhetf  u  fti>/r  dwij^^y  <«-  *  Si«rraz^  of  the  d&ad,  who  ofTeT&d  to 
UiMrrr  }tef,  TJwr  t^ir^iu^nij  of  htiryln^  the  bone&  va*  porfofrmcd  on 
tliMb  ^id^  '^rjy  '^  7th  dsT ;  icn.d  on  the  ICrth  daj  the  monmers  as- 
kt-fUshUA  *j/'/^\^rf  9tzA  idUir  'r^eitain  obhitions,  offerings,  and  prajrers, 
raiA^yJ  a  '^-s/'/le  of  JFt/ziiesi,  and  then  retired  to  the  house  of  the  chief 
rsMmrfi'ff  t//  fi<r?ut  '/n  kid'»  fle*h  and  l^arler. 

7'ij^r  i/fi*f'\w\hii^  jy/rtjon  of  the  paper  iji  deroted  to  a  consideration 
//f  the  obj^p'^'t  a/jd  m^Ois/iSii^  of  the  mantra  which  was  first  quoted  by 
^>/J/rbf'/'/k'r  a>,  the  WJie  auth^/rity  for  the  performance  of  Suttee,  and 
haJi  feiw^ij  Uj^'Ij  fr<:<jDentJj  noticed.  According  to  the  Aranvaka,  it 
nUfmhi  U;  rtyi^XfA  when  the  wr/men  put  on  colljrium  on  the  tenth  day 
of  the  moiiming,  imrae^l lately  l>efore  putting  up  the  stone  circle, 

A  r;^in  vernation  eninted  in  which  most  members  took  a  part 

II, — C'^//n*  o/*  /A*  Hharqi  Kings  of  Jaunpur, — By  Eev.  M.  A. 
HiJERKiso,  Benares, 

Mr,  IJI^K'limann  «aid — 

'i'ho  pttp'yf  will  HJiortly  appear  in  the  Journal.  Mr.  8herring 
li/iH  not  iiU'X  with  any  Hilver  or  gold  fxiins  of  the  Sharqis,  nor  with 
i'At\i\t*'.r  I'oiiiH  ]irior  U)  tho  reign  of  Ibrahim  Slidh.  The  first  Jaun- 
pur king,  Malik  Harwar,  Bult^n  uhhsliarq,  does  not  appear  to  have 
Mlnuk  vitiUH  ;  nor  dor-H  lio  Houni  t^>  have  assumed  the  title  of  Shah. 
'i'lio  lii'ginning  of  liis  reign  is  variously  given  in  the  Histories. 
FiriHliiah,  who  copied  his  extrar;ts  from  the  2'6rikh  i Mubarak  Shdhi, 
giv<5H  700  A.  H.,  and  niakos  him  reign  six  years.  Tho  Ain  has  16 
yoars,  wlii<:h  would  remove  hinjulu^  ten  years  earlier.  The  Luck- 
n(iW  iCdition  of  Firishtah  has  776,  A.  H.  There  are  also  slight 
dihrrcpanries  hotwcon  Firishtah  and  the  Ain  in  the  length  of  the 
ntigiiH  of  the  other  kings. 

Mr.  Hhi^rring  conlii'nis  Marsden's  remark  that  the  Jaunpur  coins 
nxhihit  tho  name  of*  tho  Egyptian  Khalifah  Abulfath,  who  appears 
to  have  t!onf4»rrod  tho  taijHd^  or  right  of  sovereignty,  on  the  Shar- 
cjIh,  long  alter  tho  Kb alif all's  demise. 


18?0.] 


Proceedings  oftks  Asiatic  SoMtf. 


Tlie  most  important  point  rovealotl  by  Mr.  Sherring's  pnpor  is, 
that  coins  were  struck  in  the  name  of  Huaain  Shdh,  the  last  Sharqi, 
long  affcOT  881,  the  year  in  which,  aooorcUiig  to  the  Muhammadan 
Historiana,  Jaunpur  lost  its  independenee,  and  even  after  905, 
the  yoar  in  which  Husain  iSh41i  is  eaid  to  havo  died, 

Marsden  also  has  a  Husain  Shdht  of  886,  A.  H. 

HI. — Notes  on  the   Bonhara  Temph  near    Omnrpore^    Behar. — Bif 
Bauu  lUsHBiiLUii  BosE,  SuB-Drv^ifiioNAL  Officeb,  Baa'Ka. 

IV- — An  Aeamni  of  Copihnoon^f  Juiore,  and  Us  AHtiqmli4Sf  in  con- 
neciion  with  the  Fair  held  there  in  March,  1808* — Bsf  Babu 
Basubihahi  Boss. 

The  Secretary  read  extracts  from  both  papere,  which  will  bo 
published  in  the  forthcoming  niimbor  of  the  Joui'nal.     He  &aid — 

Babu  Haehbihari  Bose  has  since  favoured  the   Society   with  an 
excellent  facsimile  of  the  inscription  of  the  Bonhara  Mosque*     The 
inscription  is  in  Arabic  and  runs  as  follows  : — 
\j^  aJ  dUt  ^  Alj  iAsr-^  ^^f^fJ^^Ajhi^h  JU  ^^\  Jlf 
jiLJiji^^^j^lj  UaJi  J3U  ^lUJJ  ^Lsr'f  0.^-*^  1^  mlUi^J  Allc 

'  Thus  says  the  Prophet  (may  God's  blesaliig  rest  upon  him  !) — 
He  who  builds  a  mosque  for  God,  shall  have  a  castle  like  it  built 
for  him  by  God  in  Paradise.  This  is  the  Jdmi'  Masjid  (erected) 
by  Sultan  *Alauddunyi  wa-ldin  Abul  Muzaflar  Husain  Shah,  tbo 
King.  May  God  perpetuate  his  reign  I  Zul  Qa'dah  908,  A*  H.* 
[June,  1502,  A.  B.] 

The  iascription  commences  with  a  well-known  passage  from  the 
Muhammadan  Tradition,  and  is  almost  identical  with  the  inscrip- 
tion on  the  Cheran  Mosque  published  in  our  ProceedingB  for  April, 
1870  Cp*  112).  Tlie  characters  being  Tui/hrd^  x^^*-^^^^^  conaiderablo 
dUQoulties  in  deciphering.  The  Arabic  inscriptions  on  the  slabs 
which  lie  about  in  Tribenf  and  Siltg^ow  are  in  the  eamo  character, 
and  several  of  them  belong  to  Elusain  Shah. 

'Al&uddin  Husain  Shah  reigned  over  Bengal  from  1498  to  1521. 


298  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Nov. 

His  numerous  mosques,   and  the  part  which  he  plays  in  Bengal 
legends,  have  been  referred  to  in  the  Proceedings  for  April. 

The  Cheran  inscription  and  the  inscription  before  the  meeting  are 
of  historical  interest.  Bihdr  during  the  greater  part  of  the  15th  cen- 
tury formed  part  of  the  Sharqi  kingdom  of  Jaunpur.  Husain  Shdh, 
the  last  king  of  Jaunpur,  was  deprived  of  his  kingdom  by  Buhliil 
and  Sikandar  Lodi,  and  Jaunpur  was  reannexod  to  Dihli,  Husain 
Sh^  taking  refuge  in  Bihdr,  and  ultimately  in  Bengal.  He  is  said 
to  have  died  in  905  A.  H.  (1499-1500,  A.  D.).  The  two  inscriptions 
go  to  shew  that  Bihar  was  not  annexed  to  Dihli,  but  to  Bengal,  and 
thus  confirm  the  histories. 

The  following  communication  was  announced — 
List  of  Reptilian  Accessions  to  the  Indian  Mmeuniy  Calcutta^  from  1865 
to  1870,  with  a  description  of  some  new  species, — By  J.  Andebsok, 
Esq.,  M.  D.,  F.  S.,  F.  Z,  S.,   Curatar,  Indian  Museum, 

Library. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  the 
Meeting  held  in  September  last : — 

Presentations. 
«%  Namos  of  Donors  in  Capitals. 

rrocoedings  of  the  Eoyal  Society,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  120.— The 
EoYAL  Society  of  London. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  Vol.  XIV,  No. 
2. — The  Royal  GEOORArHiCAL  Society  of  London. 

The  Journal  of  the  Chemical  Society,  Vol.  VIII,  May,  June, 
and  July. — The  Chemical  Society  of  London. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societo  de  Geographic,  June,  1870. — The  Geo- 
graphical Society  of  Paris. 

Journal  Asiatique,  No.  o7. — The  Asiatic  Society  of  Paris. 

The  Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  Vol.  IV,  Part  2. — The 
Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

Report  by  Baron  von  Richthofou  on  the  Provinces  of  lliinan, 
Hupeh,  Honan.,  and  Shansi. — F.  von  Richthofen. 


1 870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  299 

Rdmayana,  Vol.  2nd,  No.  4,  edited  by  Hemacliandra  Bhattd- 
charya. — The  Editor. 

Jahresbericlit  des  Physikalischen  Central  Observatoriums  der 
Akademie  fiir  1869,  abgestattet  von  H.  Wild,  Director. — The 
Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences,  St.  Petersburg. 

Anecdota  Syriaca,  coUegit,  edidit,  explicuitque  J.  P.  N.  Land, 
Tom.  ni.— The  Editor. 

The  Central  Provinces  Quzetteer,  ed.  C.  Gbant,  2nd  edition. — 
The  Chief  Commissioner,  Central  Provinces. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  the  Government  of  the  N.  W. 
Provinces,  Vol.  Ill,  No.  4. — The  Government  of  Bengal. 

The  Annals  of  Indian  Administration  in  1868-69. — The  Same. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  the  Bombay  Government,  No. 
CXVn.— The  Same. 

Report  on  the  Charitable  Dispensaries  under  the  Government  of 
Bengal  for  the  year  1869. — The  Same. 

JExchange. 

The  Nature  Nos.  41—48. 

Purchase. 

Journal  des  Savants,  July  1870  : — Comptes  Rendus,  Tom.  LXXI. 
Nos.  1-6  : — Revue  Archeologique,  No.  VII : — Revue  de  Linguis- 
tique,  Tom  4,  fasc.  I : — The  Numismatic  Chronicle,  1870,  part  11 : — 
Otto  Kistner*s  Buddha  and  his  doctrines  : — Max  Mailer's  Outline 
Dictionary: — Asher's  Study  of  Modern  Languages: — Moffat's 
Standard  Alphabet  Problem : — Gray's  Hand-List  of  Birds,  part  I : — 
Fergusson's  History  of  Modem  Architecture,  "Vol.  Ill : — Wallace's 
Theory  of  Natural  Selection. 


PEOCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOR  December,  1870. 


A  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday  the  7th  inst., 
at  9  o*clock  p.  M. 
The  Hon'ble  Mr.  Justice  Phoar,  President,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 
Presentations  were  announced : 

1.  From  Babu  P^dhic&pras&da  Mukerjf — five  copies  of  a  plan 
of  the  Temple  of  Jagannath  at  Puri. 

2.  From  W.  Talbort,  Esq. — a  crystal  head,  a  ring  and  a  charm, 
and  three  earthen  figures  dug  up  at  Dera  Ismail  Khan. 

3.  From  Rev.  J.  Long — six  Gujrati  books. 

4.  From  the  author — a  coi)y  of  Revision  of  the  Mollusca  of 
Massachusetts  by  W.  H.  Dall,  Esq.,  and  on  the  genus  Pomphohjx  and 
its  allies,  with  a  revision  of  the  Limnaidce  of  authors,  by  W.  H. 
DaU,  Esq. 

Mr.  J.  Wood  Mason  exhibited  some  cocoons  of  Hymenopterous 
insects  fichneumonidcejy  found  in  a  garden  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Calcutta,  and  made  some  remarks  on  the  habits  of  those  insects. 

Mr.  Blochmann  exhibited  a  silver  coin,  belonging  to  Mr.  G. 
Nevill.  He  said,  the  coin  was  struck  by  an  old  king  of  Bengal, 
called  Ghi6suddin  Bahddur  Sh&h.  It  was  described  and  figured 
in  Mr.  Thomas'  Initial  Coinage  of  Bengal  (Journal,  Asiatic  Society, 
Bengal,    1867,  p.   50,   and  Pi.  I.,  No.  5);  but  specimens  are  rare. 


302  Proceedifigs  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Dec 

Unfortunately  the  margin  was  cut  away,  and  no  trace  was  left  of 
the  date  and  the  name  of  the  mint. 

A.  Eogers,  Esq.,  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  la^t  meeting 
were  balloted  for  and  elected  an  ordinary  member. 

The  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting  : — 

F.  C.  Daukes,  Esq.,  C.  S.,  Mirzapur,  proposed  by  W.  Oldham, 
LL.  D.,  C.  S.,   seconded  by  Mr.  H.  Blochmann. 

R.  S.  Brough,  Esq.,  Assistant  Superintendent,  Government  Tele- 
graph, Alipore,  proposed  by  L.  Schwendler,  Esq.,  seconded  by  Mr. 
H.  Blochmann. 

Isaac  Newton,  Esq.,  Officiating  Superintendent  General  of  Vac- 
cination, Panjdb,  proposed  by  B.  Smith  Lyman,  Esq.,  seconded  by 
Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

B^bu  Ganendranatha  Thakora,  proposed  by  H.  Blochmann,  Esq., 
seconded  by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  intimated  their  desire  to  withdraw 
from  the  Society  : — 

Capt.  E.  W.  Trevor,  0.  Campbell,  Esq.,  lieut.-Ool.  Briggs, 
Lieut.  J.  Butler,  Col.  F.  P.  Layard,  H.  Reinhold,  Esq.  ♦ 

The  Council  reported  that  on  a  recommendation  of  the  Philolo- 
gical Committee  they  have  sanctioned  the  publication  of  the  fol- 
lowing Sanscrit  works  in  the  Bib.  Indica  : — 

1 .  Tatvachint6m6ni. 

2.  Aphorisms  of  Pingala. 

3.  Sulapani. 

4.  Hem^dri. 

5.  Tribhdshyaratna. 

6.  Baudhayana  Sutra. 

The  following  letter  regarding  counterfeit  coins  has  been  re- 
ceived from  Major  F.  W.  Stubbs. 

Attock,  l^th  November y  1870. 

"It  is  not  often  probably  that  one  meets  with  a  counterfeit  gold 
mohur  of  obsolete  Muhammadan  mintages,  and  therefore  it  is  as 
well  to  be  on  one's  guard  against  such  forgeries.  Accordingly 
I  send  you  the  following  description  of  one  brought  me  a  day  or  two 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  303 

ago,  clearly  a  die-struck  imitation  of  the  rupee  of  Ghideuddin  Tughluq 
8h^,  described  as  No.  78,  page  47,  Thomas's  Coins  of  the  Patan 
Suites  of  Hindustdn.  Were  it  not  for  the  mistakes  made  by  the 
engraver  of  the  die,  I  do  not  think  it  would  have  been  possible 
to  have  detected  the  forgery. 

The  legends  were  as  follows  :  — 

Obv,  Al-Sult^  al  Ghazi  Ghias  ud  dunyd  wa-I  din  Abul- 
Muzaffar. 

Hev,  Tughluq  Shdh  al-Sultan  ndmin  (e/i^l*  y^itl-Jl)  amir  ul 
muminin  f^ri 

Margin,  hazihi-1-sikkah  ba  Hazrat  Dihli  fi  sanat  tis'a  wa  'ishrin 
wa  sab'a  iat — 

in  which  the  six  mistakes  are  evident : — 

1.  ^dmtninBteeidof  ndgir. 

2.  Date  in  figures  impossible. 

3.  Difference  of  dates  in  words  and  figures. 

4.  The  word  zuriba  omitted. 

5.  Jf  of  ma^  omitted. 

6.  The  usual  forms  of  the  letters  alify  /awi,  focj  had  thick  clavate 
shapes:  in  this  coin  they  have  the  more  elegant  form,  first  in- 
troduced on  his  coins  by  Sher  Shah. 

I  had  a  gold  mohur  of  this  king  of  the  type  described  at  page  7 
of  the  Supplement  to  Thomas*  Patan  Coins  with  a  legend  similar  to 
No.  76  of  his  series,  (but  perhaps  not  the  same  mint),  which  I  con- 
sider to  be  a  cast ;  but  Colonel  Guthrie,  in  whose  possession  it  now 
is,  thinks  it  genuine.  Both  came  from  the  same  place,  Eawal  Pindee, 
a  nest  of  coiners.     This  notice  may  be  of  use  to  collectors." 

The  following  papers  were  laid  before  the  meeting  :  — 
I.     Descriptions  of  the  species   of  Alycccince^    known  to   inhabit   the 
Khasi  Hill  ranges^  by  Major  H.  H.  Godwin- Austen,  F.  R.  G.  8., 

Major  Godwin- Austen's  recent  researches  in  the  Klhasi  hills  have 
increased  the  number  of  species  of  Alycon  from  those  hills  to  1 6,  of 
which  7  are  new,  and  of  several  species,  previously  described,  inter- 
esting  varieties  have  been  noticed.  The  present  list  does  not  include 
all  the  species  from  the  Assam  valley.  Beautifully  executed 
figures  accompany  the  descriptions. 


304  Proceedings  of  the  Astaiie  Society,  [Dec. 

II.  (hi  some  undescribed  species  of  Camptoceras,  and  other  land- 
shells,  by  H.  F.  Blanford,  Esq. 

In  addition  to  the  only  known  species  of  the  interesting  genus 
Camptoceras  (C,  terebra,  Bens.),  Mr.  Blanford  describes  two  others, 
lately  discovered  by  Major  God  win- Austen  in  the  Mymensinghj  heels. 
Besides  these  the  author  describes  one  Ali/cosus,  one  Diplommatina^ 
two  Olessula  and  two  species  of  Selicarion,  all  from  Darjeeling. 

m.  On  sofne  new  or  imperfectly  knoton  Indian  Plants,  by  S. 
Kurz,  Esq. 

This  is  a  continuation  of  Mr.  Kurz's  very  valuable  notes  on 
various  Indian  plants  (including  those  from  Burma  and  the  Malay 
Archipelago),  published  in  our  Journal  for  this  year.  The  present 
paper  contains  a  large  number  of  new  species  described  from 
Burma,  chiefly  jfrom  the  collection  of  Dr.  Brandis. 

IV.  Note  on  Onchidium  verruculatum,  Cuv.,  from  Ceylon,  by 
H.  Nevell,  Esq.,  C.  S.,  Ceylon. 

Animal  ovoid,  thick,  solid,  roughly  tuberculated,  especially  down 
the  centre  of  the  back ;  tubercles  irregular,  very  retractile  ;  dotted 
at  times  with  cells  or  points ;  sometimes  elevated,  containing  a  black 
matter,  occasionally  dendritically  fllamented  on  the  posterior  slope. 

Mantle,  above,  dark  olive,  rough,  thickened  ;  beneath,  yellowish 
at  the  outer  edge,  shading  into  dark  olive  grey  at  the  junction  with 
thfe  foot.  Foot  pale  greenish  white,  soft,  semi-pellucid.  Ten- 
tacles grey ;  head  and  its  appendages  very  dark  above. 

Length  2  inches,  breadth  1^  inches,  height  in  centre  1  inch. 

This  species  was  originally  described  and  figured  in  Napoleon's 
*  Expedition  to  Egjrpt'  under  the  name  of  Onchidium  Peroniiy  a  Mau- 
ritian species.  Cuvier  subsequently  called  the  Eed  sea  form  0.  ver- 
ruculatum,  and  it  is  interesting  to  find  it  in  Ceylon. 

It  has  been  considered  to  represent  one  of  the  typical  species  of 
Peronia,  but  it  has  afforded  a  singular  confirmation  of  the  views 
expressed  by  Dr.  Stoliczka  in  the  Joum.  As.  Soc.  Beng.  Vol. 
XXXVIII,  Part  n,  No.  11,  1869,  where,  after  an  account  of  tho 
anatomy  of  the  genus,  he  proceeds,  (page  99.)  to  show  tho  probable 
identity  of  the  so-called  genera  Onchidium^  Onchidiella,  and  Peronia 

It  would  appear  from  the  evidence  brought  forward  there,  that 
the   only  true  grounds  for   separation  of  Onchidium  and  Peronia 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  805 

are  the  filamentous  appendages  to  the  mantle  of  the  latter ;  inter- 
mediate forms  appearing  imknown. 

Now  the  present  species  presents  at  certain  times  these  filaments 
developed  from  its  mantle  ;  and  also  presents  on  those  parts  of  its 
body  where  the  tubercles  want  these  filaments,  the  singular  black 
"  cells  of  pigment,"  noticed  by  Dr.  Stoliczka. 

A  careful  examination  of  several  living  specimens  has  afforded 
me  the  following  additional  data  on  the  subject : 

That  in  the  present  species,  the  tubercles,  when  plain,  are  stud- 
ded with  black  points,  in  varying  number. 

That  when  the  tubercles  develop  filaments,  these  occur  similar- 
ly to  the  black  points. 

That  the  black  points  sometimes  show  a  tendency  to  become  rais- 
ed on  stalks. 

That  the  filaments  disappear  in  confinement,  or  in  alcoliol ;  and 
that  they  only  occur  partially,  and  in  some  specimens  only,  while 
others  at  the  same  locality  and  season  want  them. 

Not  being  able  to  keep  vivaria  I  have  not  ascertained  whether  tho 
filaments  disappear  permanently  or  temporarily,  how  they  so  dis- 
appear and  whether  they  are  replaced  by  black  points  ;  but  I  think 
enough  is  noted  to  establish  the  fact  that  the  black  points  or  colls 
become  developed  at  seasons,  or  in  specimens,  into  filaments ;  and 
thence  Peronia  cannot  be  separated  from  Onchidium,  unless  on  cha- 
racters distinct  from  those  already  quoted. 

V.  Extracts  from  a  Diary  written  on  the  occasion  of  a  visit  to 
K^harakpur  and  Munghir.     By  Ba'bu  Sashbeha'by  Bose. 

Several  extracts  from  the  paper  were  read  referring  to  the 
Mosque  of  Lak'hinpur,  the  conversion  to  Islim  of  one  of  the 
Rajahs  of  Kharakpur,  and  the  legend  of  tho  Five  Virgins  who 
threw  themselves  from  the  hill,  which  in  remembrance  of  them  ia 
called  *  Panch  Kumfiri.* 

The  paper  will  be  published  in  the  first  number  of  the  Journal 
for  next  year. 

l^Ir.  Blochmann  said — ^Ihave  collected*  from  Mughul  Historians 
a  few  notes  on  the  History  of  the  Rdjahs  of  Klharakpiir.  Kharak- 
piir  is  the  name  of  an  old  town  and  Parganah,  south  of  Mung^r 


306 


Proc0€dmg$  oj  tM  Anaiic  Soeteijf, 


(Monghyt).     Tho  rivor  Man  tra\*ei*3oa  tlio  district  and  flows  oast 
of  Mungur  into  tlie  Qangea. 

At  the  time  of  the  t^onquost  of  Bihlr  and  Bengal  by  Altbar^ 
(A.  D,  167  i-75),  there  were  in  Bihar  throo  powex'ful  Zomind^ra — 
Bujah  Gajpatf  of  Hdjipiir  (Patna),  Raj  all  PiVran  Mall  of  Gidhor 
(S.  W*  of  Kharakpdr),  and  Eijiih  Singram  of  Kharakpdr.  Gajpati 
waa  t»)tally  ruined  by  the  Imperialists  whom  he  opposed ;  but 
Puran  Mull  and  >Singrain  wisoly  submitted  and  assisted  Akbar'a 
generalji  in  the  wars  with  the  Afghiua^  When  the  g^eat  Mutiny 
of  Bihfir  and  Bengal  broke  out,  SingriXui,  though  not  perhaps  very 
oponlyt  joined  the  rebels,  but  submitted  Jigain  to  the  IMnghuls, 
whan  Akhai*^s  general  Bhahb^  Kh&n  marched  against  him.  He 
was  BO  anxioua  to  avoid  coming  in  open  contaot  with  Akbar,  that 
h^  handed  over  to  Shahb&z  tho  sta'ong  fort  of  Mahda,*  But  h© 
never  paid  his  respects  personally  at  Court,  where  his  son,  apparently 
as  hostage,  was  detained,  and  remained  submissive  till  Akbar's 
doath  ( 1 605) .  The  accession  of  Jalidngir  and  the  rebellion  of  Prinea 
Khusrau  inclined  him  to  mak«  a  Unal  attempt  to  recover  his  in- 
dependonce  and  to  collect  his  forces  which,  according  to  Jahangir*© 
Memoirs,  consisted  of  about  4OO0  horse,  and  a  large  army  of  foot- 
soldiers.  Jahdngir  QulS  IChsiu  LAlah  Bog,  governor  of  Biliir,  lost 
no  time  in  opposing  him,  and  Singrdm  whilst  defending  himself, 
was  killed  by  a  gunshot  (IGOG). 

Stngrim^s  son,  whom  Jahdngir  calls  a  favourite  of  his,  was  not 
immediately  installed  on  his  fa  therms  death  ;  but  had  to  wait  till 
1615,  when  on  his  conversion  to  IsUm  he  was  allowed  to  return  to 
Biiidr*  Like  several  Hajalis,  he  retained  al\er  his  t'onversion  the 
title  of  his  ancestors,  and  is  known  in  Muhammadan  histories  as 
Jii;ah  Hoza/zun.^  He  remained  devoted  to  tho  service  of  tho 
emperor,  and  was  in  1628,  when  Jahingir  died,  a  Commander 
1600  (brevet  rank),  and  700  horse. 

On  Sh^jahdn's  accession  (1628),  Rdjah  Rozafzdu  entered  activ^ 
service.     He  aeeompanied  Mahabat  Ivh^n  to  Kiibul  in  tho  W(u*  with 
NosT  Muhammad  Khan,  king  of  Balkh,  and  served  later  in  tlie  ex- 
pedition against  Jhujhar  Qingh  Bundelah.  In  the  6th  year  of  8h4h- 

•  Mahil^f  |«>4^.  T  cmitnoi  find  tbe  fort  ou  tho  mupSr 

t  ltoi*aJg,mt  *^*k»ly  iacreaBiiig,  growing  iu  power. 


IB 70.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  307 

jahdn's  reign  lie  served  under  Prince  Shuj&'  in  the  siege  of  Paren- 
dah,  and  was  promoted  in  the  beginning  of  the  8th  year  (1044  A.  H., 
or  A.  D.  1634-35)  to  a  Command  of  2000  (brevet),  1000  horse. 
(Pddishdhn.y  I.,  5.,  67).    He  died  soon  after  in  the  same  year. 

His  son  was  Bdjah  Bihruz.*  He  served  in  the  siege  of  Qanda- 
hdr,  and  was  in  the  30th  year  of  Sh&hjahan's  reign  a  Ck)mmander 
of  700,  with  700  horse.  In  the  beginning  af  Aurangzib's  reign, 
he  assisted  the  emperor  against  Prince  Shujd',  and  in  the  (second) 
conquest  of  Palimau  in  1072,  or  A.  D,  1661. 

Rajah  Bihruz  died  four  years  later,  in  the  8th  year  of  Aurangzib's 
reign. 

He  is  evidently  the  E^jah  whom  Babu  Rashbihary  Bose  calls 
Majah  Beroje, 

On  referring  to  the  Survey  maps,  I  find  in  the  Parganah 
Sikharfibidf,  which  forms  the  Eastern  boundary  of  Kharakpiir, 
two  villages  of  the  name  of  Bihruzpiir,  evidently  so  called  in 
memory  of  Edjah  Bihruz. 

The  story  of  the  Lak'hinpiir  saint  whose  tooth-pick  shot  forth 
green  branches,  resembles  that  of  Sayyid  Shah  'Abdullah  Kirm^ni 
of  Birbhiim.  Shdh  'Abdullah  left,  it  is  said,  when  yoimg,  Kirman 
in  Persia,  his  native  country,  and  visited  Shdh  Arzdni,  at  whoso 
request  he  went  to  Bengal.  On  departure,  Sh6h  Arzdni,  gave  him  a 
tooth-pick  of  chambeh  wood,  and  told  him  to  remain  at  that  place 
where  the  tooth-pick  would  become  fresh  and  green.  Shah 
'Abdullah  arrived  in  Birbhum,  and  stayed  at  Bargaon,  near 
Bhadia,  where  he  performed  several  miracles  (kardmdt).  But 
as  the  tooth-pick  remained  dry,  he  went  to  Khuslitigi-i,  another 
village  in  Bfrbhum.  One  night  he  put  the  tooth-pick  into  his 
pillow,  and  awaking  he  found  it  was  fresh  and  green.  He  then 
planted  it,  and  it  soon  became  a  large  tree,  which  is  still  seen. 

Shah  'Abdullah  is  especially  renowned  for  the  power  which  he 
had  over  serpents,  and  now-a-days  in  Birbhum  his  name  is  repeat- 
ed in  formulas  of  enchantment.  His  dargdh  is  in  the  hands  of  his 
descendants,  and  is  visited  by  numerous  pilgrims. 

Sh&h  'Arz&ni,  whom  I  mentioned,  is  a  Muhammedan  saint  who 
died  during  the  reign  of  Shah  Jahan  at  Patna,  in  A.  H.  1040,  or 
1630. 

*  Bihrut,  literally  a  man  whoso  day  is  good. 


308  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Socic ft/,  [Dec. 

LiBKAllY. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since 
the  meeting  held  in  November  last. 

Presentaliom. 
%•  Names  of  Douora  in  Capitals. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society,  November,  1870.— The  Royal 
Society  of  London. 

Philosophical  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London  for 
the  year  1869.  Vol.  159,  part  IE. — The  Royal  Society  of  Lon- 
don. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Lrish  Academy,  Vol.  X,  parts  1-3. — 
The  Royal  Irish  Academy. 

The  Transactions  of  the  Royal  L-ish  Academy,  Volume  XXIV, 
Science,  parts  9-15  ;  Antiquities,  part  8  ;  Polite  Literature,  part  4. 
— The  Royal  Irish  Academy. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  1868-69. — The 
Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh. 

Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  Volume  XXV, 
part  n.— The  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  Volume  XIV, 
Nos.  1-4. — The  Royal  Geographical  Society  of  London. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  Volume  XXXIX. — 
The  Royal  Geogratuical  Society  of  London. 

Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  for  1869,  parts  1-3. — The 
Zoological  Society  of  London. 

Transactions  of  the  Zoological  Society,  Volume  VII,  parts  1-2 — 
The  Zoological  Society  of  London. 

Journal  of  the  Anthropological  Society,  October,  1870. — The 
Anthropological  Society  of  London. 

Aiinuaire  de  L'  Academic  Roy  ale  des  Sciences,  des  Lettres  et 
des  Beaux-Arts  de  Belgique,  1870. — L'  Acade'mie  Royale  des 
Sciences,  &c.,  de  Belgique. 

Bulletins  de  L' Academic  Royale  des  Sciences,  des  Lettres  et  des 
Beaux-Arts  de  Belgique,  Tom.  XXVII,  XXVIII.—L' Acade'mie 
Royale  des  Sciences,  &c.  de  Belgique. 

Annales  Mot^orologiques  de  L'Observatoiro  Royale  do  Bnixollcs, 
1869. — L' Acade'mie  Royale  DES  Sciences,  &c.,  de  Belgique. 


1870.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  ^ocief If,  309 

Zcitsclirift  der  Deiitschen  Morgenlaiiclisclien  Gosellschaft,  Band 
XXIV,  Hefte  l-II  — Thb  German  Oriental  Society. 

Atti  dolla  Eeale  Accadeinia  delle   Scienze   di   Torino,   Vol.   IV, 

Pisp.    1 — 7. —  R.    ACCADEMIA  DELLE   SciENZE   DI   ToRINO, 

BoUettino  Meteorologico  ed  Astronomico  del  liegio  Osservatorio 
dell'  University  di  Torino. — R.  Accademia  delle  Scienze  di  Torino. 

Sitzungsberichte  der  Kaiserliclien  Akademie  der  Wissenschaften, 
Math-Naturwissenschaftliche  Classe,  1866,  Mterz — Juli ;  und  der 
Philos-Historischen  Classe,    1869,  Februar — Juli. — K,  Akademie 

DER  WlSSENSCILAFTEN   ZXJ  "WiEN. 

Denkschriften  der  Kaiserliclien  Akademie  der  Wissenschaften, 
Math-Naturwissenscliaftliclio  Classe,  Baud  XXIX,  Philos-Historis- 
che  Classe,  Bcende  XVI-XVIII. — K.  Akademie  deb  Wissenschaf- 
ten ZTT  WiEN. 

Archiv  fur  Osterreichische  Goschichte,  herausgegebon  von  der 
zur  Pflege  vaterlandisclior  Gescbiclite  aufgestellton  Commission 
tier  Kaiserlichen  Akademie  der  Wissenschaften,  Band  XLI,  Hali'te 
1-2. — K.  Akademie  der  Wissenschaften  zu  Wibn, 

Almanach  der  Kaiserlichen  Akademie  der  Wissenschaften,  1869. 
— K.  Akademie  der  Wissenschaiten  zu  Wien. 

Die  Temperatur-verhultnisse  der  Jahre  1848-1863  an  den  Sta- 
tionon  des  Osterreichischon  Beobachtungsnetzes,  von  Dr.  C.  Jelinek. 
— K.  Akademie  deb  Wissenschaften  zu  Wien. 

Atlas  der  Hautkrankheiten,  Text  von  Prof.  Dr.  F.  Ilebra,  Lie- 
ferung  VII. — K.  Akademie  der  AVissbnschaften  zu  AVien. 

Vorhandlungen  der  Kaiserlich-Koniglichen  Zoologisch-botani- 
Bchen  Gesellschaft  in  Wien,  Band  XIX. — K,  K.  Zoolooisch-bota- 
KisciiE  Gesellschaft. 

Bulletin  de  1'  Acad^uiie  Imi>^riale  des  Sciences  de  St.  Peters- 
bourg,  Tom  XIV,  No.  1-6.— L'Acade'mie  Imfe'riale  des  S(;ien- 
CES  DE  St.  Pe'tersbouro 

Memoires  de  L' Academic  Imperiale  dos  Sciences  do  St.  P^ters- 
bourg,  Tom  Xin,  Nos.  8,  Tom  XIV  No.  1-9,  Tom  XV,  No.  1-3, 
— L'Acade'mie  Impe'riale  DBS  Sciences  de  St.  Pe 'lERSBouRa. 

Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia, 
18G9,  January, — December. — The  Academy  of  Natubal  Science:^ 

OF   PHlLADELrillA, 


310  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Deo. 

Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  N. 
S.,  Vol.  VI,  part  IV. — The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia,  • 

Extinct  Mammalian  Fauna  of  Dakota  and  Nebraska,  by  J. 
Leidy,  M.  D.,  LL.D. — The  Academy  op  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia. 

Transactions  of  the  Connecticut  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences 
Vol.  I,  part  I. — The  Connecticut  Academy  of  Arts  and  Scien- 
ces. 

Journal  of  the  Boston  Natural  History  Society,  Vol.  IL— The 
Boston  Natural  History  Society. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Natural  History  Society,  Vols.  II-IIL 
— The  Boston  Natural  History  Society. 

Abstract  of  English  and  Colonial  patent  specification  relating  to 
the  preservation  of  Food  &c. — The  Eeqistrar  General,  Mel- 
bourne. 

Patents  and  Patentees  for  1865  to  1866,  Vols.  3, — The  Begis- 
TRAR  General,  Melbourne. 

Abhandlungen  fiir  die  Kunde  des  Morgenlandes,  Band  V.  Ueber 
das  Sapta^atakam  de  Hala,  ein  Beitrag  zur  Kenntniss  des  Prdkrit 
von  A.  Weber. — The  Author. 

n  Brahui  studio  di  Etnologia  Linguistica  di  F.  Finzi. — The 
Author. 

Description  of  new  Land  and  Fresh-water  Molluscan  species 
collected  by  Dr.  J.  Anderson,  in  upper  Burma  and  Yunan,  by  W, 
T.  Blanford,  F.  G.  S.,  C.  M.  Z.  S.— The  Author. 

On  the  species  of  Hyrax  inhabiting  Abyssinia  and  the  neigh- 
bouring countries,  by  W.  T.  Blanford,  C.   M.  Z.  S. — The  Author. 

On  the  Geology  of  a  portion  of  Abyssinia,  by  W.  T.  Blanford 
Esq.,  F.  G.  S.  &c.— The  Author. 

Observations  on  the  Geology  and  Zoology  of  Abyssinia,  made 
during  the  progress  of  the  British  Expedition  to  that  country  in 
1867-68,  by  W.  T.  Blanford.— The  Author. 

Kepertorium  fiir  Meteorologie,  von  Dr.  H.  Wild,  Band  I, 
Heft  I — Director  of  the  Meteorological  observatory  at  St. 
Petersburg. 

Annales  de  L'Observatoire  Physique  Central  de  Russie,  publides 


1870.]  Proeeedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  311 

par  H.  Wild. — ^Lb  DmBCTBUB  db  l'obsbrvatoirb  Physique  Cen- 
tral, St.  Pe 'tbrsbouro. 

Comifteliiiaceae  Indicao,  Imprimis  Arcbipelagi  Indici,  C.  Hass- 
karl. — The  Author. 

Sunt!  dei  Lavori  Scientifici  letti  e  dicussi,  nella  classe  di  Scienze 
Morali,  Storiche  e  Filolologiche  della  B.  Accademia  delle  Scienze 
di  Torino. — G.  Gorrbsio. 

The  Calcutta  Journal  of  Medicine  Vol.  HE,  Nos.  1-4  edited  by 
Dr.  M.  Sircdr. — ^Thb  Editor. 

Eashasya  Sandarbha,  Vol.  VI,  No.  61,  edited  by  Babu  R. 
Mitra. — The  Editor. 

Annual  Eeport  of  the  Secretary  of  War  1866.  The  Secretary 
of  War  of  the  U.  S.  America. 

Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Paleeontologia  Indica, 
Vol.  m,  Nos.  1-4. — The  Supbrintbndent  of  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey OF  India. 

Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol.  VII,  part  II. — 
The  Superintendent  of  the  Geolooioal  Survey  of  India. 

Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol.  Ill,  part  4. — 
The  Superintendent  of  the  Survey  of  India. 

Selections  from  the  Records  of  Government  N.  W.  Provinces, 
Vol.  IV,  No.  1. — The  Government  of  the  N.  W.  Provinces. 

Report  of  the  Sanitary  Administration  of  the  Panjab,  1869. — 
The  Government  of  Bengal. 

Report  of  the  Revenue  Survey  Operations  of  the  Lower  Provin- 
ces, 1868-69. — The  Government  of  Bengal. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Insane  Asylums  in  Bengal  1869. — The 
Government  of  Bengal. 

Exchange. 

The  Athena3um,  September,  1870. 
The  Nature,  Nos.  49—62. 

Purchase. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  Nos.  33  and  34  : — Lon- 
don, E.  and  D.  Philosophical  Magazine,  Nos.  266  and  267  : — The 
American  Journal  of  Science,  Nos.  147  and  148. — The  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Science,   No.  28  :— Comptes  Rendus,    No.    10: — The 


&l;2 


Proceeding*  of  the  Asiatic  Bocisitj. 


[Deo 


Westminsfer  Eeyiew,  October,  1870  :— Revue  Archealogiqiie  Aoist 
1870: — Eevue  des  Deux  Mondes,  1  and  15th  September: — 
Hewitson's  Exotic  Butterflies,  Nos.  75  and  76.  * 

Nederlandfich  Tijdschrift  voor  de  Dierkunde,  Jaargang  II,  Afle- 
vering  1-12. 


Sanscrit  Manuscripts, 
»^^  ^l^m^TB'^W      ..       ..      ^^^TSF:         ••     TT 

»^^  ^^T^nnrftrr ^ 

8^1  ^r^mi^ ^nf^f%: 

a^^  frf^rct^nr^w 

»^«t  ^^f^*i        .     ..     ^^^5 

8^\  sir^PqrrsrO^: ^ 

8^^   M4r«f«8^: "fTT 


8^^   ^fini^TTf^'^TTi 

8^8  ^n^T^St^r^fir:. . 

8^<   ^1^^^ 

8^^  ^11  "n* w j^Y^?^Wt^- 
^^f^^     . .     . . 

88o  ^:TfTWT^rTJ 

88^   ^HS^r****!       .. 

88\  ^i^r5rqiiff?rj 


^:    .. 

%^*  .. 

^^    •. 
wPffJ      ., 

W^:      .. 


SIS 

i\ 

\< 
\\ 

\t 

€. 


1870.]  Proceedings  oftlis  Asiatic  Sociefij. 


313 


H^.    i\^^\M\v^           «^*^4r<*!i*iir«f    ^r^T^^J 

ICTWT^:   q^TW'l 

\«»«  TfTiRi^mr: 

«m^:      . . 

iTT 

T^ 

« 

A      ^s.     ^        t^r^           *is              • 

^^'^mi^.. 

-sn 

^fT:     . . 

\»»1  *T^Mll*<<UM*IM^<^i 

\*^ 

\88<  xiF<«i«i»jw«<:^i*'H[r^: 

•                •  •            •  • 

"m 

WI*<^-. 

\»^ 

\aa^  <i«j4<itiurf:      ..     ., 

^T^^^:      . . 

'm 

tw*    .. 

S« 

M»c:  i|T\9^ll«|«?\44M^4inil4^ 

TTii^'?f9r^5Wt 

TT 

^tt:  . 

\^ 

\a»<t  wfti^t 

^ 

^f^  .. 

\«=« 

\ai#  fti^ya* 

WTO: . . 

^ 

^[iri    .. 

<<:« 

\a\i^  *iti5^M<iui 

Wro:  . . 

•TT 

Miltif     .. 

i»< 

\a\i»?  ^iT^TT^ 

WW  ..      •. 

•sn 

^TTUT     ... 

S'=< 

XH^\   ^r^TTTtR! 

^ 

^fr:    .. 

n^ 

^  ^w  ^s    ^           ^^  1     ^   t    ^  ^^  IT                             •     •                     •     • 

\8ia  ^H(^i*i^^i<»ii'^^M- 

sraw 

•••      •  •       •  • 

•sn 

\9% 

\\iVi    SdPiINf***!      

^5Wnilf: 

"iTT 

\8 

^a*<  f^^ftBWr      ..     .. 

y«M*<:      .• 

^ 

^^Cirr:. . 

«?8 

\ai^  ^>*KMtr?r:    . .      . . 

iR74<dl«<:   .. 

irr 

jffH.  .. 

<"J 

\a\i^  w^T^TO^l^  •• 

•• •      •  •       •  • 

TT 

^f5^  .. 

^^ 

^aM«t  Y^^TTT^W    ..      .. 

^ 

tft[*  .. 

^^ 

\«<»   Tf^^^WlRIJ 

•  •      •••      1  • 

•STT 

^rrwj. 

\8^ 

\^i\  ^^i^K^r^^v      . 

TT 

vfiiin* 

<«= 

\a<»<  TW^q; 

•  •       •  •      ••• 

^ 

^*  .. 

« 

\a<^  ^3^tra%^! 

TT 

^f<*  ... 

\^0 

?,a<a  f^T^ir*i?l3i^prn*  ..• 

MW^^i      . . 

^ 

§f^  .. 

1\ 

?,a<l  f%T^*iJt«iTJ^I*lliq. 

Iffif: 

"TT 

^f^.. 

^•»i'   ••      ••      •• 

^^: 

^ 

'»TC      .. 

\H\^   <|iiti-«*l«M    ..        .. 

U'^i'l^*    ••• 

TT 

^T^       .. 

^8 

?,a<c  Nir^  T^tf^^nc^  ^KT- 

^ii»    •  •     •  •     ••■ 

iW?f : 

TT 

Wfw:     .. 

^« 

\a<«t  TTii?nN*r\e1*i..     .. 

^M*^^*i:  .. 

TT 

^f^   .. 

S'? 

\aoa  ^ni^^^**l*<*jrd*i- 

^smT'  •  •      •  •      •  • 

^«^: 

TT 

^Tir.    . . 

<8 

\a^\  TmT^i^^M<r^tOrM4T 

^H^^J      .  • 

TT 

tw    ., 

80 

\a<a»<  ^[fg^^fn^iinwiT... 

Tl^#i'«l-'    . . 

TT 

n^»»r:  . . 

«.^ 

f*««i|**<|4<.' 

TT 

^wj     .. 

^< 

814                        Proceedings  of  the  AsitUic  Society,  [DeO. 

Ht>!i  vaifKJi1d*<im'    tifm^i^i^'8  ^  ^^r^.,  \^ 

a^^  fV^Tinjv'srB^j      tt  ^^^rt:  . ,  c^ 

Bc,  ^n^^r^rrii ».     ..     .,  irr  ^f^  ..  *• 

a^^  ^mrftrJ tt  ^yfir    ..  ^« 

a^^  •rinsMfiffiW    . .     . .     ^fTW^J       . .  TT  A^4    . .  v 

a^^  *iiii*i<.rr^      ..     ••     f^ii^vp    ..  "ifT  ^^i^    ..  \< 

a^^a  if^wiWOTft.       ..     f^nrwKfs    ..  ^  i^^^  ..  ^^ 

acTi  <)iJiMiii^«i     ^  ^pnn*  a^ 

a«<  MT^^^ms      "in  ^^*    ..  t,\* 

a«^  iiNiP^*mnl>: ^  ^^"4    ..  \!i«t 

a^c  ^WT^^Hl^MiFllJ      ..      *l|^KI*IH!S..  TT  ^ftp  !l< 

a^  mxj^rfic^^R^:^ ^n  ▼f^   .,  ^^ 

a«t\  *iMi^mr«iMi^rM*i 


APPENDICES. 


816 


Appendix  A. 


-^ 

1 

t 

a 

«0 

> 

5 

'a 

•^ 

1 

« 

C 

^ 

a 

s^ 

2 

^ 

■49 

^ 

% 

s 

t 

o 

•^i 

.2 

'^ 

2 

s: 

^ 

«3 

.s 

f 

i 

.vi 

T3 

« 

P 

^ 

'o 

i^ 

.a 

1 

^ 

2 

^ 

g8 

•^ 

fid 

1 

^ 

^P 

< 

^ 
$ 

I 

r— 1 

•*ri» 

-1 

oo 

1 

.2 

1 

< 

T-K 

s^ 

^fl 

<s 

5^ 

1 

^§ 

.s 

>* 

*c 

s^ 

P4 

.« 

t^ 

:< 

ca 

J 

.2 

^ 

'a 

:^ 

o 

«i<» 

.^ 

if 

S 

u 

<§ 

g 

:! 

1 

o 

T3 

•«S 

a 

^ 

eS 

■^j 

00 

•*^ 

a 

o 

'S 

»^ 

g 

oo 

•fl 

1= 

a 

J?* 

a 

1- 

8 

»< 

■«:> 

^ 

O 

S     !L. 


w 


o 

00 


CO 


I     S 

^  a 
6   '^ 


00 


I 


<2 


^" 


^5 

.2  S 


<^    03 


«:§  : 

®  ^   to 
00    o      . 


.3^ 


:  g'S 


^   c3   O   S  .S   ^ 


-S  fl  o 


pi  ^ 


d    :  Ph 

o  too  § 


w    o    03 
.S    O  nd 

02     —     t- 


gs 


-a      " 

CO    o 


CO  b 

if   O 


^  o 


'^  rt 


d     ®  rd     O   r^     ^ 

o  O  .y)^  d  M 
d  o  -^rg  a*^ 


'd  S  .3  hS 


S    2    °3 


fit's 


^a 


w 


03 
*«1 


P 


d 
o 


<1 

CO 

id' 

OS 


o 


o 


b 


Appendix  A. 


«7 


o 

00 

u 


o 

00 


g?? 


CO 


o      o 

00  00 


o       o       o 

<M  «M  «J5 

-a    13    I 

P  00    9  f^    3  00 
O  O   O  CO   o  o 


o 

00 


o 

00 


5> 


o 

00 


d 


O 
00 


ha 

d 


o 

00 


o 


00  ^ 


o 

00 


^  3  "^ 

"T^  if  '^ 

#6  ®  :t! 

CO  r-4  l^ 


O     CO   -gcM 

I  ill 

S||3 


^^ 


I 
:0  8 


s 
S.i! 

O 

d  ©  -r*^ 

IS  I 


.g 

It 

i 


1 

08 


i 


6' 


la 

8  d 

1° 


1^ 

I 


1      3 

1 
•i 


3 
I. 

d 

o 

I 


I 

Hi 


n 


S    S 


I 


n 


1^ 


3 


•^    I 


r 


QQ 


d 

s 

08         08 

ft    ft 


318 


Appendix  A. 


o 


O 
00 


<s 


o  o> 


I 


.9  A     .a  ^^ 

1^  I  •''"°' 


CO 


i|sj|« 


o 

00 


.4 


1 

00 


o 

00 


60 


I 


I 

a 
'■+3 

<1 


i 

-4-» 

5 


I 


Ha 

o 


1^ 

I 


g 

K 


i 

o 
•ST 


o 

00 


s 

08 


.2  ^ 


w 

o 
d 

CD 


Appendix  A. 


319 


Tf 


^ 


5  ^ 
a  P4 


4 


o 

00 

f-l 


^1 


o 
oo 


o 

00 

■3 


.a  S  ^  •» 


!  «^ 


b  ,-1       b  ^ 


I' 


o 

00 


^■ 


.a  »< 


QQ 


.K^  .1^  p-4  00  r;J 
-e  00  2  ©  « 
2  «  d  43  .2 


•-3 

i 


i 


QQ       § 
^      % 

00  o 

-    I 
w 


I 


M 


CD 


320 


Appindix  A* 


o 

00 


6" 

GQ 


o 


o 

00 

f-l 


I 


o 


o 

< 


1^ 

w 

1 


1 


.S3 


I 


03 
O 


08 

§1 


S3 


o 
PQ 


a 
5 


Appendix  A, 


321 


o 

00 


o 

d 


o 

00 


o 

d 

CI 


o 

00 


d 


O 

00 

f-l 


o 

00 


d 


o      o 

00  00 


5   ^ 


CO 


?3       <M 


S  : 

dS 
o    ^ 

I? 


& 


I 

d 

o 

d 


2 


QQ 


®   sS 


§ 
o 

§1 

2  d 

d  S 
O 


d 

-a 


«  s< 
IS 

§1 

.2  3 

o 


a 


s  I 

o       ^ 


I 


5- 


§ 

•a 

I 

d 

a 


00 

-si 

00  OQ 

§§ 

■OQ 


•c 


<    ft 


8  2 


<0 
P 

d 
o 

00 

O 

;z5 


I 

I 


d 

i 

08 


s 


^ 

^ 


OQ 


f3 

s 


I  4 


I 


322 


APPENDIX  B.  

ZUt  of  Ihmationt  (not  including  JBooh^  or  otksr  puhHeatiofii,  and 
MSS,^  lhe4e  being  acknowl^t^d  in  the  nmtUhltf  library  linUj, 

[OhJQota  mcu-ked  with  an   ajitorisk  >iAre  been  tr^nflferr^  to  the  Trnateos  of 
the  Indiim  Muaeum]. 


Donors. 


Bloom£eld,  A.,  Esq.  .. 

Bloomfield  Captain,  A., 
Butler,  Lieut.  J • 


Chandrasikkara  Banoijii  Babu, 


Committee  of  Groto  Portrait  Fund 
Deloieriuk,  J«  Q.,  Es<|,  .*•»•*.. 

Ditto  dittOy t  •  • 

Ferrar,  M.  L.,  Esq.,  C.  S 

Qastreil,  Co!.  J.  E « « * 

Hexter,  H.  Eeq. * 

Eainey,  H.  J*,  Esq 


Saxton,  OoL,  Q,  H.    . . .  * , 
Stoney,  E.  V.,  Esq 


♦Eight  pieces  of  silver  and  seven* 
teen  pieces  of  clipper  utensila 
found  near  the  village  Oun- 
geria. 
Six  ancient  copper  coins. 
A  spear  of  an  Augami  Naga,  a 
coat  of  the  same,  and  a  pair  of 
ear  ornaments. 

*A  rectangular  piece  of  gameti- 
ferous  gneiss  with  the  Bud- 
dhist formula  '*  Ye  Dhamma- 
hetu,  (S:c!.  &c,  &c,,  found  in  the 
Alti  Hills. 
A  portrait  of  A.  Grote,  Esq.,  C.  8. 

*A  number  of  Budciiiisi  heads 
and  8t*m©  tablets  with  figures 
from  near  Peshawar. 
Specimens  of  moulds  used  in 
counterfeitiEg  coins. 
Copper  coins  dug  up  near  Par- 
tabgai'h. 

*A  specimen  of  Macrocheira 
Kaempferi  from  Japan  and  a 
specimen  of  a  large  Ostrea. 

*A  specimen  of  Chamteleo  vid- 
garis  fiT>m  Bught>deer. 
Two  modern  copper  coins  bear- 
ing the  inscription  **  Island  of 
8ultana''  in  English,  and  the 
coat  of  arms  of  the  E.  I. 
Company. 

♦A  set  of  Iron  implements  &o, 
found  IB  a  cromlech  on  the 
Nilgiris. 

•A  piece  of  a  calcareous  tulTa 
taken  out  of  a  Sit^ii  tree  near 
Cuttack. 


INDEX. 


Page 

Abbayacharana  Mallika  (Babu),  witbdrawal  of,    64 

Ablabes  collaris,     106 

„       melanocepbalus,   106 

„      Nicobariensis,    106 

„       Eappii, 106 

Acantbodactjlus  Cantoris,     70,  71 

„             Nilgberiensis,   79 

Accounts,  Annual, ,  xix — zxxix. 

Aerolite,  Note  on  tbe  recent  fall  of,     64 

Agama  agilis, 78 

Akddlab, 110 

'Alauddin  Husain  Sbfib,  Sultan, , 112 

Alg8B  from  tbe  Sikkim  Himalayas, 10 

„    Li»t  of  Bengal 267 

„    Notes  on  Javanese   Ib2 

„     Tbird  list  of  Bengal    9 

Alkbund,  on  tbe  Translation  of  tbe     65 

Allogonium  depressum, 12 

Altmasb,  Coin  of    * 181 

AlvcaeinaB,  803 

Ambaric  MSS.  from  Magdala, S 

Amir  Hasan  Kban  Babadur  (Itaja),  election  of 152 

Ampelita  (Helix)  Bigsbyi, 87 

Ampbibia,  Malayan  and  Indian 103 

Ampbiprion  bifasciatum, 175 

„         percula, : 176 

Ananta  cbaturdasi,     • .  •  • , 278 

Andaman  Home,  Tbe    164 


324  Index, 

Tagt 

AndamaneBe,  Burial  of  the  dead  among  the « •  163 

Children  of  the 161 

aothing  of  the   158 

Customs  of  the    •  ^ •••....  153 

Dr.  F.  Day,  on  the 153 

^^^Aiiguage  of  the . .  153 

Marriage  of  the     160 

Medicines  with  the    162 

Natural  History  of  the      174 

Painting  the  body  among  the 159 

Property  of  the 167 

Test  words,  A  short  list  of    178 

Andaman  Islands  Kjokkenmoddings  on  the 13 

„        Notes  on  a  trip  to  the 177 

Anhatti,  a  parganah  in  Madaran, 116  note. 

Annual  Accounts, xx — xxxix. 

Ansonia,  n.  gen., 104 

„        Penangensis,  n.  sp., 104 

Anthreptes  phsBnicotis, 266 

Antiquities  of  the  Assi  &c.  Hills, 253 

„          of  Madaran,     115 

„           ofPanduah,    .....^  120 

ArchfiBological  Notes  by  Mr.  Carlleyle,   180 

Archaeology  of  Shah  ki  Dheri, 181 

Area  fasciata, 14 

,,     scapha,  Bemains  of 14 

Arsa,  Pargannah  of    Ill 

Arwal  in  Bihar, 121 

Assam  Celts,   267 

„      Earthquake  at    222 

Assay  of  Silver  in  the  Calcutta  Mint, 276 

Assi,  Alti  and  Darpan  Hills,  Antiquities  of  the    253 

Ateuchosaurus  Travancoricus, 73 

Atmospheric  pressure,  Irregiilarities  of 91 

Attock  Inscription, 241 

Bah&uddin  Sultan  Walad, 251 


Indtx.  326 

Fage 

Bahrdm  Saqqa,    1 24 

„           ofBurdwan,    189 

Bairah  Pargannah, 113 

Balosore  Inscription, 4 

B&lgadhi,  a  parganah  in  Mad^ran, note  116 

Ball  (Mr.  Y.)  on  the  Andamans, 177 

„           on  Assam  Celts, 268 

„           on  S[r.  lilofluaann's  Hugli  Inscriptions,    ....  189 

Balwantnamah,  Mr.  Blochmann  on     218 

Bancoorah  not  in  ancient  Bengal, ^ Ill 

Bang&lah  in  Hafiz's  Ohazal, .    110 

Bangurus  caoruleus,    107 

Banhar  Temple,  Hotes  on  the 297 

Ban  Masjid  of  Hugli,    * 114 

Barbak  Sh&h,  son  of  Mahmiid  Shah,  189 

Bard&h,  Eajahs  of 113 

Barometers  affected  by  a  thunder-storm,    269 

Baronowsky,  H.  E.  Mon.  de,  introduced  to  the  meeting, ....  127 

Barrisal  Guns,     289 

„           Mr.  Eainey  on    243 

Barsee  Taklee  inscription,     218 

Batrachia  from  Moulmein,    272 

Baudhayana  Sutra,    302 

B^iiM,  or  MjmenaiTig, •....••.....  112 

Beames  (Mr,  J.)  on  Balasore  Inscription, 4 

„  on  Una  and  other  modem  Aryan  Languages,  138,  192 

Bengal  Algse,  List  of 267 

„           Third  List  of 9 

Bengal  (Lower),  AlgBB  from 1^ 

„         Muhanimadan  names  of 110 

„        Normal  rainfaU  of 222 

Bhati  old  name  for  Sundarban,    * 110 

Bhowalbhum,  a  parganah  in  Madaran,      note  1 16 

Bibliotheca  Indica,  New  recommendations  for 137 

„                 Report  on 30 

Bihniz,  Raja, 307 


326  Index. 

Page 

Birbhum,  a  parganali  iu  Madfiraii, note  116 

Birds,  Mr.  A.  0.  Hume  on  Indian, 85 

„      from  North  Cachar  and  Khasia, 13 

Blanford  (Mr.  H.  F.)  on  Barrisal  Guns,     246 

,,             on  Camptoceras  &c.,     303 

„             on  Normal  rainfall  of  Bengal,    223 

,,             on  Nor-wester8, 95 

„             on  Irregularities  of  atmospheric  pressure,   . .  91 

„  (Mr.  W.  T.)  on  Eeptilia,  &c.,  from  Central  India, . .  254 

Blochmann  (Mr.  H  )  on  Balwantnamah,    , . .  218 

„             on  capture  and  death  of  Dara  Shikoh,  ....  238,  251 

„             on  the  Eusufeye  circle  of  stones,    5 

„             on  Mr.  Ferrar's  Copper  Coins,   151 

„             on  Hugli  inscriptions, 1 87 

„             on  the  Mirdt  ul  Quds, 138 

„  on  places  of  historical  interest  in  the  district 

of  Hugli, 109 

,y             on  Shah  'Alam's  Sanad, 6 

,,             on  Sharqi  Elings, 296 

Bloomfield  (Mr.  A.)  on  silver  utensils  from  Gungaria, 131 

Bones  of  the  Andamanese  dead, 21 

Bourke,  (Mr.  W.  M.)  withdrawal  of 4 

Brachj'saura  ornata, 78 

Brahmangdnw,  north  of  Bhitdrgarh,    • 117 

Briggs,  (Lieut.-Col.)  withdrawal  of 302 

Broadley,  (Mr.  A.  M.)  Election  of 241 

Bronchocele  cristatella, 106 

,,             jubata, 1 06 

,,              Moluccana,    106 

Buddhist  heads  and  figures  from  Peshwar, 217 

Budget  of  Income  and  Expenditure, 37 

Bufo  melanosticus, 104 

,,     viridis, 104 

Bungarus  co^ruleus, 257 

Burma,  New  Mineral  from   279 

Busteed  (Dr.  H.  E.)  on  the  Assay  of  Silver, 276 


Index.  327 

Pape 

Butler,  (Lieut.  J.),  withdrawal  of    302 

Cabrita  brunnea,     255 

„       Jerdoni, 72,  255 

,,       Leschenaultii, 72,  255 

Cachar  (North)  and  Khasia  birds,    13 

Callophis  intestinalis, 107 

Callyodon  viridescens,   175 

Calodactylus  aureus, 75 

Caloula  guttulata,  ....    85 

„       montana,   85 

„       obscura, 85 

„       pulchra, 104 

Calotes  Elliotti,  77 

yy        gigas,     78 

,,       Maria,    77 

„       mystaceus,     105 

„       nemoricola,    78 

»       playtyceps,     77 

„       tricarinatus, 77 

Calothrix  maxima, 183 

Calotos  versicolor, 257 

Callula  pulchra, 257 

Campbell,  (Mr.  C),  withdrawal  of    302 

Gamptoceras  terebra,     , 304 

Cantoria  Dayana,  n.  sp.,   . . . .  / 107 

Capsa  deflorata,  Bemains  of    14 

Cardium  edule, 20 

Carlleyle,  (Mr.  A.  C.  L.,)  ArchsBological  Notes  of   181 

Carnegy  (Mr.  P.),  withdrawal  of    58 

Catonolla  opuntia, 260 

Celts  from  Assam, 267 

Central  India,  Beptilia  &q.  from     254 

Cereberus  rhynchops,    107 

Geriomis  Temminckii,   59 

„        Blythii,     59,  60 

Chaetophora  Indica, 11 


828  Ltdsx. 

Page 

Chaleoparia  Singalensis, 266 

Ohameleo  Cejlonicus, 79 

„        pumilus,    79 

„         vulgaris^    79 

„         vulgaris^  peculiar  variety  of 1 

Ohamp&nagari,  a  parganah  in  Mad&ran, note  116 

Chandrakond, 113 

Chandra  Sekhara  Banerji  (Babu)  on  Alti,  &c.  hills,    253 

Charaka  Sanhita,  Notes  on  the   284 

Gharasia  dorsalis, 257 

Ohittua,  a  parganah  in  Madaran, note  116 

„       boundary  of  Bengal, Ill 

Choarops  cyanodon, , , .  175 

Chroolepus  villosum, 10 

Ohrysopelea  rubescens, 106 

„           omata, 106 

Chthonoblastus  salinus,    259 

Ghuttia  Nagpur,  not  in  ancient  Bengal, Ill 

Cladophora  Eoettleri,     12 

„           simpliciuscula, 259 

„            sordida, 184 

Ooates  (Dr.  J.  M.),  withdrawal  of      64 

Coins  of  Altmash, 181 

Cabinet,  Eeport  on 29 

(Copper)  received, 101 

from  Jynthia, 260 

from  Balaghat, 289 

of  Jahangir, 181 

Moulds  for  Counterfeiting 54,  302 

of  the  Sharqi  Kings,    .,,.,.    , 296 

of  Sher  Shah, 181 

Communications  received,  58,  103,  147,  190,  238,  254,  286,  298,  307 

Oompsosoma  Hodgsonii,   106 

„             melanurum,     106 

„             radiatum,     , 106 

,y             semifasciatum,    106 


Index,  329 

Page 

Conferva  bombycina,     , 259 

„        bombycina,  P  crassior, 258 

Coiyphylax  Maximiliani, • ^ 106 

Coxhead,  (Mr.  T.  E.),  withdrawal  of 4 

Couch  (Sir  E.,)  Election  of 152 

Council,  Election  of  members  of 38 

Crawford  (Mr.  J.  A.),  withdrawal  of , . ,  4 

Crenacaniha  orientalis, ••«..... 185 

Cromlechs,  Iron  implements  found  in     . , 52 

„         near  the  Nilgiri  plateau, 52 

Curran  (Dr.  E.  H.),  withdrawal  of . , 64 

Cyclemys  dentata, 67 

„       Oldhami, 68,  69 

Oyclophis  froenatus,   80 

„        rubriventer, 80 

Cyclophorus  foliacous,  Eemains  of 15,  87 

„          tiu'bo, 87 

C^clostoma  Leai, 87 

Cylindrophis  rufus,    106 

Cypselus  infumatus, • 265 

,,       tectorum, 61,  265 

Cyrtodactylus  affinis,  n.  sp 105 

„            rubidus, 105 

DaboiaEufiseUi,     108,  257 

Ball  (Mr.)  on  Barrisal  guns,    245 

Damant  (Mr.  G.  H.)  election  of 136 

Damudar,The 112 

Ddrd  Shikoh,  Capture  and  Death  of    251,  238 

Darwishpur  near  Haripal,     118 

Day  (Dr.  F.,)  on  the  Andamanese, 153 

„           on  the  genus  Hara, 88 

De  Fabeck  (Surgeon  F.  W.  A.)  election  of 58 

Delhi,  Notes  on  Old, 137 

Delmerick  (Mr.  J.   G.,)  on  the  archseological   remains  at 

Shah  ki  Dheri  and  the  site  of  Taxilla,   180 

„       on  moulds  for  counterfeiting  coins, 54 


330  Index. 

Page 

Dendropliis  caudolineata, 106 

„          picta, 106,  257 

Diamond  Diine  at  Hirpah,    116 

Dickens  (Col.  A.  D.),  election  of 102 

Dictyonema  fuf^ceacons, 257 

Din&nath  south-east  of  Mad^ran, 120 

Diplopelma  camaticum,   85,  104 

,,         ornatum, • 85 

„         malabaricum, « • .  • 85 

„         rubrum, 85 

Dipsas  liexaganotus, 107 

„     monticola,  • 80 

„     multlfasciata,     107 

Diyfir  i  Bang,     109 

Dobson  (Mr.  J.  E.,)  election  of    136 

Draco  volans, 106 

Earthquake  at  Assam, 222 

Edinburgh,  Election  of,  H.  E.  H.  Duke  of    100 

„         (H.  E.  H.  Duke  of),  Letter  of  thanks  from 152 

Elaps  bunguroides, 82 

Elliot  (Mr.  C.  A.)  on  the  translation  of  the  Alkhund, 65 

Emyda  vittata  ? 255 

Emys  Belangeri, 69 

„     crassicollis, 108 

„     dhor, 68,  69 

„     (Pan gshura)  tectum,    , 255 

„     trijuga, \  69 

Enhydrina  shistosa,    107 

,,          Yalakadyn, 107 

Ephialtes  Lempigi,     , 266 

„         Mantis, 266 

Emsthausen  (Baron  0.),  withdrawal  of 4 

Eublepharis  fasciatus  ? ,  75 

Eimieces  Himalayanus, » 73 

Euprepes  Beddomei, 73 


Index,  381 

Page 

Euprepes  (Tiliqua)  carinatus,  var.  E.  rufescens, t . .  256 

„         innotatus,  sp.  nov 256 

„         (Tiliqua)  macularius,  Blyth,  var.,    256 

„         Petersii, 74 

„         (Tiliqua)  septemlineatus,  n.  sp.,   256 

,,         trilineatus,    • » • 73 

Eusu^e,  Circle  of  stones  in 5 

Farhaug  i  Kasliidi,  Publication  of  the   137 

Farmdndig'hi,  The  tank  of ^ 117 

Fath  Shah,  brother  to  Barbak, ,  189 

Fath-Khan,  son  of  Shuja,     123 

Fawcus  (Dr.  J.),  Withdrawal  of 152 

Ferrar  (Mr.  M.  L.)  on  the  seal  of  Mr.  Douglas  Nix, 5 

Finance,  Eeport  on  the  Society's     34 

Fischerea  tenuis,   259 

Forsyth  (Capt.  J.),  withdrawal  of 265 

Funeral  ceremonies  of  the  Hindus,     • 295 

Gadhi,  boundary  of  Bengal,     Ill 

Gecko  guttatus, 105 

„     Smithii, .,  105 

„     stentor, 105 

Geomyda  carinata,    ,  • . .  69 

Ghi&suddin,  Hafiz's  Ghazal  to     110 

Giles  (Mr.  H.),  withdrawal  of     58 

Gloeooapsa  mpestris.  P  pallida, 260 

Glover  (The  Hon.  F.),  withdrawal  of     58 

Glyphidodon  sordidus, 175 

(Jodwin- Austen  (Major  H.  H.)  on  Khassi  and  North  Cachar 

birds,   13 

„     on  the  Alycseinae, 303 

Gog^hat, 113 

Gonyosoma  oxycephalum,    106 

Gora  Chand,  Burial-place  of   123 

Granville  (Mr.  W.  L.),  withdrawal  of   58 

Grote,  Portrait  of  Mr., 220 

Gubboy  (Mr.  R.  A.),  withdrawal  of   152 


332  Index. 

Page 

Gymnodactylus,  gracilis, 74 

„             indicus, 75 

„            Jerdoni, 75 

,,             littoralis,   75 

„             Malabaricus,    74 

),            marmoratas, 74 

,)            omatus,     74 

„             pulchellusy    105 

„             Wynaadensis, 74 

Hadigar,      188 

Halys  Himalayanus, 108 

Hara  Buchananiy 88 

„     Conta,    88 

„    Jerdoni,  n.  sp.,  • 88 

„     Surgeon  F.  Day  on  the  genus    88 

Harw^  in  Belinda,  24-Purganahs, 123 

Haweli,   ..' 112 

Haweli  i  Madman,  a  parganah  in  Madaran,     , . . .  •  note  116 

Hazaiibdgh,  not  in  ancient  Bengal,    Ill 

Helicina  Nicobarica, 88 

„         scnipulum, 88 

Hesauli  (?  Mysadul),  a  parganah  in  Madaran, note  116 

Helix  exul, 87 

,,     gabata,     88 

„     Haughtoni, 87 

„     procumbens, 88 

,,     stephus, 87 

„     trochalia, 86 

Hicks  (Mr.  J.  G.),  obituary  of    28 

Hemadri,     302 

Hemidactylus  aurantiacus, 74 

,,             firenatus, 105 

„             gracilis,  n.  sp.,  250 

,,             marmoratus,  n.  sp.,    256 

„  reticulatufl, 74,  256 

Hemigymus  melanopterus, 175 


Index.  Sd3 

Page 

Hemionitis  Zollingeri, 12 

Honicurus  nigrifrons,    ^ 266 

Herpetology  (Indian),  Dr.  Jerdon,  on    66 

Hexter,  Mr.  H.,  on  Chameeleo  vulgaris,     1 

Hinulia  maculata, 106 

Hipistes  hydrinns, 107 

Hirpah,  Diamond  mine  at    , 116 

Hormosiphon  coriaceus, 259 

Howrali  or  Habrali  in  Muhammadan  Bengal, Ill 

Hugli,  Ban  Masjid, 114 

„     Inscriptions  in  the  district  of , 187 

„     Places  of  historical  interest  in  the  district  of 109 

Hume  (Mr.  Allan  0.),  Election  of  3 

„     Notes  on  Indian  birds, 59 

„     on  Godwin-Austen's  birds, , ,  265 

„     on  Indian  birds, ,  •  85 

Hunter  (Mr.  W.  W,),  Election  of   152 

Husainabad,  pargannah  of * 112 

„             the  Great, 187 

Husainpur  pargannah, 112 

Husain  Sh^  in  Sirkdr  Baziih^, 112 

„         MuBJid,  in  G'hor^g'hat, 112 

Husain  Ujy6l, 112 

Hyde  (Col.  H.),  on  the  effects  of  a  thunder-storm,   269 

Hydrocoleum  heterotrichum,   11 

„             majus, 183 

Hylorana  bipunctata,    83 

„         Malabarica, 83 

„         Nicobarensis,  n.  sp.,   104 

,,         pipions, 83 

„         temporalis,    83,  104 

„         Tytleri,      104 

Hypheothrix  investiens,    11 

Hypoglossum  Bengalense,    258 

,,            Lepricurii, 259 

Hypsirrhina  plumboa, 107 


334  Index. 

Page 

Ichneumomdao,  , , 301 

Indian  plants, 304 

Inscription  at  Balasore, , 4 

Inscription  at  Attock,      241 

Innes  (Dr.  F.  W.),  Election  of   102 

Inscriptions  in  the  district  of  Hugli, 187 

,,         near  Barsee  Taklee,     218 

Ism&'il  Ghazi  defeats  the  Udias, 117 

,,  forces  the  Devs  to  build  the  fort  of  Bhittar- 

garh  or  Bahattargarh, 117 

Izalus  cinerascens,  n.  sp., • 275 

„     femoralis,    85 

,,     glandnlosa, 85 

„     ophisthorhodus, , 85 

,j     tinniens, • • 85 

,,     Wynaadensis, 85 

'Izzuddin  governor  of  Satganw,   114 

Ja'far  'Ali  Murshid  Quli  Khan, 117 

Jahanabad, 113 

Jahangir,  Coin  of .* 181 

Jaldliiddin  Abul  Muzaffar  Fath  Sh^,  son  of  Mahmiid  Shah,  189 

„         Firuz  Shah, 113 

Jalaluddin  i  Eumi,  Maulana,   , 251 

Japalnra  Swinhonis, 76 

Javanese  Algse,  Notes  on     182 

Jenkins  (Mi\  H.  L.)  on  the  Patkoi  Eange,    230 

Jerdon's  (Dr.  T.  C),  New  species  of  birds,    59 

„        ( ),  Indian  Herpetology, 58 

Jesus,  Childhood  of,  in  the  Morat  ul  Quds,    ....,,.. 144 

Jhdrkaud  or  Jungle  Districts  of  Bengal,    , m 

Jounpur,  Sharqi  Kings  of    296 

Jynthia  Coins,  P.  Ghosha's,  Notes  on 260 

Kajla  and  Patlah,  Tanks  of     118 

Katjuri  near  Sarangarh,    115 

Khauik  of  (Monsr.  de),  on  Samarqand, , 006 

Khan  Jahan,  Lieutenant  of  Akbar, II4 


Index,  335 

Page 

Khan  Muliammad  Zafar  Kbdn, 188 

Kliasia  and  North  Gachar  birds, 13 

Khoruckpur,  Antiquities  of 305 

Kirpai  in  Chandrakond,    117 

Kit,  a  parganah  in  MadSrtui,   116  note. 

Kjokkenmoddings  on  the  Andaman  Islands,*. 13 

Kosumbha  Monolith, , 291 

Kiirz  (Mr.  S.),  on  Bengal  Algae, 9,  257 

„  on  New  Indian  Plants,    12,  304 

j,  on  Javanese  Algae, 182 

Kurzia  crenacanthoidea, 184 

Lacerta  Leschenaultii,  255 

Lak'hnauti  (Gaur)  in  Muhamniadan  histories, 109 

„         Muhammadan  names  of     110 

„         visited  by  fever, 110 

Land-shells  of  the  Andamans, w. 86 

Lane  (Mr.  T.  B,),  Withdrawal  of   102 

Ldobla,     188 

Laiidakia  tuberculata,  , , 79 

Layard  (Col.  F.  P.),  Withdrawal  of    302 

Lazarus,  (Mr.  C),  Withdrawal  of 289 

Leptothrix  lamellosa, 185 

„         subtilissima,    258 

Lothbridge  (Mr.  E.),  Election  of 219 

Lexicography,  Vernacular,    ...,.• 185 

Library,  Additions  to  the,   24,  62,  96,    127,  148,   190,  238, 

287,  298,  308 

„         Eeport  on 29 

Limnodytes  phyllophila, 85 

Liolepis  guttata, 79 

Littorina  littorea,   «  20 

Lophophorus  Impeyanus, 59 

„  Sclaterii, 60 

Lycodon  aulicus,    107,  257 

, ,       striatus,    107 

Lygosoma  Dussumierii, ,         73 


336  IvUtex. 

Page 

I^gl>ya  fluviatilis, , . . .  184 

„       majuscxda, 184 

„       solitaris, 258 

Mabouya  agilis, 105 

„         Jerdoniana,  n.  sp., 105 

Macnaghten  (Mr.  C),  Election  of 136 

Macrocheira  Kaempferi,    63 

Madman,  Bhitargarh  modem  name  of 117 

„         Mr.  Blochmann,  on     109 

„         mentioned  in  Akbamamah,    •  115 

„         a  Sirk^  in  the  Ain,     115 

„         Sirkir  of Ill 

y,         The  Legend  of  the  headless  Eider  of 117 

Hadinah  between  Bhittargarh  and  Go'ghat, 117 

Mah6nat'h, 113 

Hahendral6l  Sirdur,  (I^Oi  on  Charaka  Sanhita, 284 

Mdkor  or  N6gor,  a  parganah  in  Madaran, note  116 

Malayan  Ornithology,  Contributions  to     237 

MaUeson,  (Lieut.-CoL  G.  B.),  Withdrawal  of 58 

Man,  (Mr.  E.  G.),  Withdrawal  of 58 

Mandalghat,  112 

„  a  parganah  in  Maddran, note  116 

Mangra  or  Mugra, 114 

Manouria  emys, « 67 

Martens'  (Dr.  G.  v.),  determination  of  Bengal  Algse,  ......  9 

Mastigonema  caespitosnm,   258 

„              grannlatum^    258 

Maulana,  Sirajuddin,  Tomb  of     , . .  114 

M4y&pur, 113 

Meeting,  Annual, 27 

„  Ordinary   monthly,    1,  52,  63,  101,  131,  151,  217, 

241,  265,  289,  and 301 

„          Special  general,    100 

Members,  election  of,  cancelled, , 137 

„          elected,    3,  58,  102,  136,  152,  219,  241,  265  and  302 

,,  List  of   i-xvii. 


Index.  337 

Page 

Members,  Obituary  of •  28 

„          proposed,    4,  58,  63,  102,  136,  152  and  302 

„  withdrawn,  4,  58,  63,  64,  102,  136,  137,  152,  241, 

265,  and 289 

Microcystis  aeruginosa,     10 

Mihrbak, 188 

Miller  (Mr.  A.  B,),  Election  of    219 

Minabag,  a  parganah  in  Maddran,     note  116 

Mineral,  Analysis  of  a  new 279 

Mint,  Assay  of  silver  in  the  Calcutta 276 

Mir6t  ul  Quds,  Notes  on  the 138 

Mocoa  Blythii,   74 

„     Sikimensis, 73 

Monolith  at  Kosumbha, 291 

Motion,  Notice  of 102 

Moulmein  Batrachia,     272 

Mugil  macrochilus, 174 

Muhair  boundary  of  Jahrkand, Ill 

Mu'in  uddin  i  Chishti,  Tomb  of,  at  Ajmir, 125 

Murex  adustus,  Eemains  of     14 

„       anguiliferus,  Bemains  of 14 

Museum,  Beport  on 28 

Mymensing  or  BSziiha, 112 

Na9iruddin  Abul  Muzaffar  Husain  Shah, 188 

N&ga  panchami, 278 

„     yashti,    278 

Naja  tripudians,    ' 107,  257 

Nelson  (Mr.  J.  B.),  Obituary  of 28 

Nerita  albicilla,  Eemains  of 14 

„       polita,            „                14 

Nevill  (Mr.  H.),  on  Onchidium, 304 

Newman  (Dr.  J.  H.),  Election  of 58 

Newmarch,  E.  E.  (Lieut.-Col.  0.  D.),  Obituary  of 28 

Nicobarese,  Bones  of  the 21 

Nimtallah  G^hatdd,     , 113 

Nitella  nidifica, , 183 


338  Index. 

Page 

Nitella  sp.  nov.,     183 

Nix(W.  Douglas),  Seal  of  5 

North- Westers,  The  Hon.  J.  B.  Phear  on     88 

Nostoc  papillosum,     184 

Nu9rat  Shdh,  son  of  Husain  Shah, 189 

Nycteridium  Schneideri, , 75 

Oedogonium  scutatum,     258 

Officers,  Election  of  the    38 

„     ,  Eeport  on 37 

Oldham  (Mr.  0.  A.),  Obituary  of    28 

„      (Dr.  T.)  on  silver  utensils  from  Gungoria, 134 

„                      on  Normal  rainfall, 225 

Oligodon  tacniolatum,   80 

Onchidium  Peronii, 304 

„          Terruculatum, 304 

Opeas  (Bulimus)  Pealei, 87 

Ophiophagus  elaps,   107 

Ophiops  Jerdoni,   71 

„       (Gymnops)  microlepis,  n.  sg.  and  sp., 255 

Oreocalotes  major, 79 

Oriotiaris  Elliotti, 77 

Orissa,  Frontier  road  of  the  Gajapatis  of 114 

,,     invaded  by  Afghans  of  Bengal, 115 

Ornithology,  Malayan, 237 

Orobia  (Helix)  Andamanensis,    87 

Osborn  (Capt.  E.  D.),  Election  of 102 

Oscillaria  amphibia, 258 

„  antliaria,    10,183,259 

„          brovis,    r 10 

,,  Cortiana),    12,258 

„          Grateloupii, 1*2 

,,          interrupta,    10 

„           Juliana, 10 

,,          Kurziana, 12 

„           limosa, • 258 

,,          subfusca, 11 


Jndtx.  339 

Tage 

Oscilloria  tenuis, 259 

,,          tenuis  7.  formosa,     •...,, , 259 

OsciUatoria  labyrinthifomiis,   185 

Ostrea  cristagalli,  Eemains  of    14,  20 

„      flabelloides, 14 

„      Marshii, 14 

Oxyglossus  lima,  var.,  • 272,  273 

„         Irovis,    272,273 

„         pusillus, ,,.. 272 

Pachit,  not  in  ancient  Bengal, Ill 

Palamau,  not  in  ancient  Bengal, Ill 

Palmogleoa  Kurziana,   , 11 

Panduah,  Antiquities  of  ^ » .  • 120 

„          Mr.  Blocbmann  on   109 

,,          Paper  factory  at 121 

Pandub  Eajah,   113 

Pangshura  Sylbetensis,  n.  sp., 69 

„           tecta,    •  • , 69 

„           tectum,    I  255 

„           tentoria, 255 

Panipat  Kamal,  Bu'  Ali  Qalander,  Saint  of 124 

Paphia  glabrata,  Hemains  of •  14 

Passerita  mycterizans, 257 

Patkoi  Eange,  Mr.  Jenkins  on  the 230 

Pectunculus  aurantius,  Eemains  of    20 

Pelamis  bicolor,     107 

„       platurus, 107 

Pellew  (Mr.),  on  Barrisal  Guns, ,  289 

Pentadactylus  Khasiensis,    . . .  • 75 

Peripia  Cantoris, 105 

„         Peronii, , .    , . , ,  105 

Pertap  Eudra  Deo  defeats  the  Afghans,    ,  115 

Peshwar,  Buddhist  heads  and  figures  from 217 

Phayre  (Col.  Sir  A.),  on  a  circle  of  stones  in  the  district   of 

Eusufzye,    ^ 5 

Pha^TPea  isabellina,  , , 106 


340  Index. 

Pa^e 

Phear  (The  Hon.  J.  B.)*  on  Barrisal  guns, 250 

,9                     on  the  Eusnfzje  circle  of  stones, . .  5 

„                      on  North-Westers, .•....•  88 

„                     on  Thunder-storm, 270 

Phelsuma  Andamanense, 105 

Phoenix  sylvestris, •  11 

Phormidinm  oryzetorum, 12 

,,           inundatum, 184 

Phycoseris  reticulata,    185 

Piddington,  (Mrs.),  Donations  to,   137 

Pingala, 302 

Pii-ie  (Mr.  A.),  Withdrawal  of 152 

Pitdmbar  Mitra  (Rajd),  Sanad  of  Shih  'Alam  to, 6 

Plants,  New  Indian, > 12 

Plectopylis  achatina, 87 

Pleistodon  scutatus, 73 

Polypedates  Afghana,   84 

„             annectans,     84 

„             Hascheanus,  n.  sp., .  •  < 104 

„  maculatus, • . .   84,  104,  257 

,,             marmoratus, 84 

,,             pleurostictus, 83 

„             smaragdinus, 83 

„             variabilis, 83 

Polysiphonia  rufo-lanosa, 260 

Powell,  (Mr.  B.),  Election  of, 58 

Prat^pachandra  Ghosha,  On  Jynthia  Coins, 260 

„                        On  Tree  and  Serpent  worship,. . . .  278 

,,                         On  vernacular  Leidcography,  185 

Presentations  received, 63,  101,  265,  289,  and  301 

President,  Address  of  the  retiring     40  et  seq. 

„         Election  of    38 

Priyandtha  Setha  (Babu),  Withdrawal  of 136 

Prome  stone  implements, 220 

Protococcus  cohaorons, 259 

Psammophis  condanurus, 106 


Index,  341 

Fage 

Psammosaurus  scincus, 70 

Pseudopliiops  Theobaldi, 71 

„  Beddomei, 72 

Pseudopus  gracilis,    •  • •         74 

Psichohormium  fuscescens, 1B4 

Pteroceras  chiragra,  Eemams  of 14 

Pteromis  volitans, •  • 174 

Ptyas  hoxalionotus,   106 

„     mucoBus, 106,  257 

Ptychozoon  homalocephaluni, 105 

PtycolflBmus  gularis, 76 

Puljlieal  ions,  Eivport  on • 29 

Puellula  nibida, • 105 

Purrooa,  residence  of  Hyas  Bhangrah,   121 

Python  molurus, • .  •  •       107 

„      reticulatus,     107 

Pyxicepkalus  breviceps, • .  • 8*i>  104,  257 

„  brevis, ®2 

fodiens,   ®2 

pluvialis,     • ®2 

rufescens, 84 

Pyxidea  Mouhotii, 08 

Kainey  (Mr.  R.  H.),  on  Barrittal  Guns, 243,  290 

Eainfall  of  Bengal,    22.3 

Rajmahal  or  Agmahall, 1^1 

Eajendralila  Miha  (Ettlju),  on  Attock  Inscription, 243 

on  Balasore  Inscription, 4 

,,  on  Barrisal  girns, 249 

,,  on  Funeral  ceremonies, 295 

on  Mr.  Beame's  Uria  language,     138,  201 

„  on  Pandua  antiquities,    126 

on  Kosumbha  Monolith, 294 

Bana  agricola,    ®* 

„     crassa,    ""^ 

„     cyanophHctis, 104,257 

„     curtipes,    •  •  •         ®^ 


>> 


842  Index, 

Page 

Bana  flavescens, ........  ^ ...«•..•  83 

„     gracilis,   82,  257,  104 

„     gracilis,  var.  Andamanensis, 104 

„     Kuhlii, 83 

„     Liebigii, « 83 

„     Nicobariensis, 104 

y,     nilagirica, 82 

„     pulla, 104 

„     Sikimensis, 83 

„     yitata,    «.... 83 

Bashbeliary  Bose  (Babu),  on  Bonhar  Temples, •  •  297 

„                   „              on  Khoruckpur,    305 

Batanpur  in  Central  India, Ill 

Beinbold  (Mr.  H.)r  Withdrawal  of     302 

Beport,.  Annual, , 27 

„      CouncQ, 58,  W2,  137,  219 

Beptilia  and  Amphibia  from  Central  India, 254 

Beptilia,  Malayan  and  Indian,   • 103 

Bhacophoras  gigas,    84 

,,           Beinwardtii, , , 84 

Bhizoelonium  Antillarum, 259 

Bhynchobatus  tuberculatus, 175 

Bhysota  (Helix)  Chambertinii,     87 

Rhyticeros  plicatus, 265 

Bichardson  (Mr.  E.  J.),  Withdrawal  of 64 

Biopa  albopunctata, ,  256 

,y     Bowringii,     105 

„     Hardwickii, 256 

,,     lineolata,  n.  sp., 105 

Bivett-Carnac  (Mr.  H.),  on  Cromlechs, 55 

Bivularia  lens,    258 

Boepstorff  (Mr.  F.  de),  on  Andamanese  Test  words,    ......  178 

Bogers,  {Mr.  A.),  Election  of 302 

Boss,  (Capt.  A.  G.),  Election  of 3 

„     (Mr.  J.  M.),  Withdrawal  of 289 

Bozafzun,  B4jd, 306 


Index,  343 

Page 

Buknuddin  Eukn  Khan^   188 

Eiipnarain,  The, 112 

Sainbhum,  a  parganah  in  Mad^bran,    note  1 16 

Sdjla  Mankhbad,     188 

Salimdbad  or  Sharifdbdd, 112 

Samarqand,  Monsr.  de  Kkanikof^  on , •  226 

Samarsanhas,  a  parganah  in  Madaran, note  116 

Sima  Veda,  Publication  of  the 137 

Sanad  of  Sh^  'Alam,    6 

SAraddprasada  Mukerji  (B4bu),  Obituary  of 28 

Sarangah,  Fortress  of   115 

Satganw  (Hugli)  in  Muhammadan  histories, 109 

„        Sirkar  of, Ill 

Satyasarana  Ghoshala,  C.  S.  I.  (Eijdh),  Obituary  of   28 

Satytoanda — Election  of » • 136 

Saxton,  (Col.  G.  H.),  on  Canur  cromlechs,     52 

„        on  the  fall  of  an  Aerolite, , 64 

Serilophus  lunatus,    ...» •  •  •  266 

„         rubropygius, 266 

SchHch  (Dr.  \V.),  Election  of 136 

Scincus  officinalis, • 74 

Scytonema  aureum, • 10,  259 

„          palmarum, 11 

„  tomentosum, 11,  183 

„          chlorophaeum,     • 12 

„                  „            /Stenuius, 12 

„          Yieillardi,   258 

Sckizostachyum  brachycladum,    12 

„              longispiculatum,     12 

„              ZoUingeri^ # 12 

Scolopsis  ciliatus,    174 

Seal  of  William  Douglas  Nix, 5 

Beaton  (Capt.  W.  J.),  Withdrawal  of  136 

Serranus  dispar, 174 

Shah  'Alam,  Sanad  of,  to  Edja  Pitdmbar  Mitra,   6 

„     p6fi  of  Panduah, 114 


844  Index. 

Page 

Shtt  pdfi  son  of  Barkhurdar, 124 

„     Husainpur, 113 

,,     ki  Dheri,  Archaeological  remains  at 180 

Shahpur,  a  parganah  in  Mad&ran, .note  116 

Sliarimb&d,  Sirkar  of,   Ill 

Sharm  Makkah,  father  of  Sultan  Husain  8h^,    112 

Shergarh,  a  parganah  in  Madaran, Ill  note  116 

Sherring  (Rev.  M.  A.),  on  the  coins  of  the  Sharqi  Kings  of 

Jounpur, • 296 

Sher  Shah,  Coin  of    181 

Shuj^u'ddoulah  Miitammal  Mulki  Asadjang,     120 

Sikkim  Himalayas,  Algee  from  the. 10 

Silver,  Assay  of 276 

„     utensils  from  Gungeria,     131 

Simlabid,    1 88 

Singhbhoom  not  in  ancient  Bengal,    Ill 

Sirhat  in  Birbhum,    • 188 

Sitana  Deccanensis, •76,  257 

„      Pondiceriana, 76,  257 

Smith  Lyman  (Mr.  B.),  Election  of    102 

„      (Mr.  W.),  Withdrawal  of    152 

Societies  with   which  exchanges  of  publications  have  been 

made, • 39 

Sooree  in  Birbhoom, • 120 

Sphenocephalus  tridactylus, 74 

Spiraxis  Haughtoni, 87 

„  „         Bemains  of 15 

Spirogyra  adnata, • 1 1>  184 

„  decimina, 10,  184 

„  elongata, 12 

„  Heeriana, 12 

„  majuscula, 184 

„  nitida,   • 11 

Spondylus  aurantius, 14,  15 

Steel  (lieut.  E.  H.)i  on  Assam  Celts, 267 

„  on  Assam  Earthquake,  222 


Index.  345 

Page 

Stellio  himalayanus, 79 

„     indicus,    79 

Stewart  (Mr.  E.),  Election  of 102 

St.  John  (Mr.  R.  F.  A.),  Election  of  265 

Stoliczka,  (Dr.  F.),  on  Aerolites, v 65 

on  the  Andamans, 180 

on  the  Andaman  Kjokkenmoddings,   13 

on  Andaman  land  shells,   86 

on  Chameeleo  vulgaris,   I 

on  Malayan  and  Indian  Amphibia  and  Beptilia,  103 

on  Malayan  Ornithology,    237 

on  Batrachia  from  Moulmein,   272 

Stoliczkia  Khasiensis,    81 

Stone  Implements  from  Prome, 220 

Stoney  (Mr.  R.  V.),  on  calcareous  tuffa, 105 

„                 „           Withdrawal  of    152 

Strachey  (Col.  the  Hon.  R.),  on  Nor-westers, 95 

Stubbs  (Major  F.  W.),  on  Attock  Inscription, 241 

„     on  counterfeit  coins, 308 

Sub-Committees,  Election  of    , 65 

Sulapdni,      , 302 

Sulaimdndbdd,  Sirkar  of Ill 

Sunndrgdnw  (east  of  Dacca)  in  Muhammadan  histories,  • . .  •  109 

Sus  Andamanensis,  Remains  of • 14 

Synedra  Ulna, 11 

Tachydromus  Haughtonianus, 72 

„         Japonicus,     • 72 

„         sex-lineatus, • 72 

Tagore  (Mr.  G.  M.),  Withdrawal  of     102 

Tdndah,  Sirkar  of Ill 

Tarbiyat  Khan, 188 

Tatvnchintdmani,    302 

Taxilla,  Site  of „ . . . .  180 

Test-words,  Andamanese 178 

Tetragonosoma  effrene, i  o7 

Teuthis  vermiculata, 175 


346  Indeas. 

Page 

Thuillier,  (Lieut.  H.  E.),  Withdrawal  of 289 

Thundep-storm,  Effectsof  a 269 

Tiaris  subcristata, 106 

Tiliqua  carinata, 73,  106 

,y     olivacea,    106 

yy     rugifera,  n.  sp., 105 

p     trivittata, 73 

Tolypothrix  implexa, 183 

Tragops  fronticinctus, 107 

Translation  from  the  Mirat  nl  Quds, 140 

Tree  and  Serpent  worship, 278 

Tremlett  (Mr.  J.  D.),  on  old  Delhi, 137 

Trevor,  (Capt.  E.  W.),  Withdrawal  of 302 

Tribeni,  114 

Tribhdshyaratna, 302 

Tridacna  gigas,  Eemaing  of    14,  16 

„    squamosa,  ditto, 14 

Trimeresurus  Cantori, 107 

„         carinatus, •• .••. 107 

„         convictus,  n.  sp., 1 08 

„         erythruruB,   • •  107 

„         graminous, .••... 107 

„         monticola, 108 

„         mutabilis,  n.  sp.,  •    107 

„         porphyraceus,   107 

Trionyx  gangoticus, , .  255 

Tripani-Shdhpur  in  Firuzdbad,    188 

Trochus  Niloticus,  Remains  of 14 

Tropidonotus  quincunctiatus,   , 106,  257 

„            platycops, 106 

„  stolatus, 80,  106 

„            Tytleri,    106 

Turbo  articulatus,  Remains  of 14 

„     marmoratus,  Remains  of  16 

Tyndaridea  insignis, 10 

Typhlops  braminus,  var.  pammeces, •  •  • .  •  257 


Index.  347 

Page 

Tytleria  hipsirliinoides,     107 

Ulothrix  peotinalis, 12 

Urid  to  the  other  modem  Aryan  languages,  Eolation  of  . .  138,  192 

Yaucheria  sp.  ? • 10 

Yaranus  draceena, 70 

,,      lunatus, •  70 

„      omatus, 70 

Y^stu-y&ga,  Notes  on  the     • 278 

Yerchere,  Dr.  A.  M.,  on  cromlechs,   •  •  •  68 

Yernacular  Lexicography,  Contributions  towards, 185 

Yice-Presidents,  Election  of    • •  •  •  38 

Yrinddvanachandra  Mandala  (B&bu),  Election  of     15 

Waldie  (Mr.  D.),  on  New  Mineral  from  Burma, •  279 

Walters  (Eev.  M.  D.  C),  Obituary  of    28 

Warth  (Dr.),  Election  of 136 

Westland  (Mr.),  on  Barrisal  Guns,    * 244,  247 

Willson  (Mr.  W.  L.),  Withdrawal  of     241 

Wilmot  (Mr.  E.),  Withdrawal  of   136 

Wilson  (Mr.  E.  H.),  Election  of     241 

„      (Mr.  W.  G.),  on  Mr.  Blanford's  Normal  rainfall,   . .  225 

Wood-Mason,  (Mr.  J.),  Election  of    • 3 

Xenopeltis  unicolor,  .•••..• 79 

Xenophrys  gigas, 85 

„         monticola, , 85 

Xenurejaps  bunguroides, • 82 

Zafar  Khan  i  Ghazi, 124 

„                Shrine  of , . .  114 

Zamenis  ?  brachyurus, «... 257 

Zygnema  insigne ..•••••••.. ••••..  10 

^ygogonium  Bengalense, 11 


APPENDIX. 


LIST  OF  MEMBERS 

OF  THE 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BEMAL, 

ON  THE  31sT  December^  1869. 


LIST  OF  ORDINARY  MEMBERS. 


The  •  distingoishes  Non-Subscribing,  and  the  f  Non-Resident  Members. 


N.  B, — Gentlemen  who  may  have  changed  their  residence,  since  this  list 
was  drawn  up,  are  requested  to  give  intimation  of  such  a  change  to  the 
Secretaries,  in  order  that  the  necessary  alterations  may  be  made  in  the 
subsequent  edition. 

Gentlemen  who  are  proceeding  to  Europe,  with  the  intention  of  not  return- 
ing to  India,  are  particularly  requested  to  notify  to  the  Secretaries,  whether 
it  be  their  desire  to  continue  as  members  of  the  Society. 


Date  of  Election. 

1847  J^ine   2. 

1860  Dec.     5. 

1867  June,  5. 

1868  Sept.  2. 


1869 
1860 
1860 
1859 
1S66 
1869 
18.V2 
1867 
1860 
1861 
1865 
1843 


Jan.  20 
July  4 
April  4 
Feb.  2, 
Jan.  17 
Oct.  6 
July  7 
Aug.  7 
Oct.  3 
May  1 
Jan.  11 
Sept.   4 


1864  Dec. 
1861   Sept. 

1860  Feb. 

1861  July 
18.^5  July 
1869  Feb. 
1826  Sept. 


1835 
1859 


Oct. 
Aug. 


♦Abbott,  Major-Gen.  J.,  R.  Artillery. 

Abdullatif  Maulvi. 

Abhayacliarana  Mnllik,  Bdbu, 
tAdaiu,  R.  M.,  Esq. 

Adley,  C.  C,  Esq.,  C.  E. 
fAliniad  Khan,  Saied,  Bahadur. 
tAitcbison.  J.  E.  T.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 
♦Alabaster,  C.,  Esq. 

AlUin,  Lieut.-C(»l   A.  S., 

Allanlvce,  A.,  E>q. 
♦Allan, *C.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 
fAniery,  C  F.,  E>q. 

Amir  Ali  Khan  Babddnr,  Munshi, 
♦Anderson,  Dr.  T.,  F.  L.  S. 

Andeison,  Dr.  J.,  F.  L.  S. 
♦Andei-son,     Lieut. -Col.    W.,    Bengal 

Artillery. 
♦Anderson,  W.,  Esq. 
♦Asghur  A'li  Kb^n  Bahadur,  Naw&b, 

Ashton,  The  Rev.  J.  P., 
♦Aspbar,  J.  J.  T.  H.,  Esq. 

Atkinson,  W.  S.,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.L.S. 
fAttara  Singh  Bahadur,  Sirdar, 

Avdall,  J.,  Esq. 


Europe 
Calcutta 
Calcutta 
Sanibbar  Lake 

via  Jeypiir 
Duni  Dum 
Alli-bur 
Labor 
Cliina 
Calcutta 
Seranipore 
Europe 
A  HI  ri  tsar 
Calcutta 
Europe 
Calcutta 

Europe 

Europe 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Bhaddur 

Calcutta 


7.'  *Baker,  Col.  W.  E.,Benp:al  Engineers.  Europe 
3. 1    Baldicbanda  Slugba,  Babu,  Calcutta 


^H             Dat«of£1octlo». 

^H 

H       1865  N^v. 

1 

tBnII,  v.,  Esq.,  GeoL  Survey. 

Geol  S.  Offic€.      ^M 

H      1860  Nov. 

7 

Banerji,  The  Rev,  K.  M  , 

Calcutta                    ^H 

H      ISm  Dec. 

1. 

t  Barker,  R.  A.   Esq.,  M.  1>. 

Se  ram  pore         ^^^^H 

^H       18(U  May 

4 

*BunT,  Dr.  J.  B., 

Europe              ^^^^| 

B      18G2  Aug. 

6 

fBa&evi,    Cnpt.    J,   P.,   Royal     Ea- 

^^^H 

gineer«. 

Utacamund             ^^| 

H      I860  Jnly 

4. 

Batten,  G.  H.  M.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Calcutta            ^^^H 

^B      183S  Jan. 

3. 

♦Batten,  J.  H,,  E^q.,  B.  C.  S. 

Europe             ^^^^H 

H      1859  May 

4. 

Bayloy^  E.  C,  E^q.,  B.  C  S. 

^^^H 

H      1861  Feb. 

6. 

tBayley,  S.  C,  Esq.,  B.  C\  S. 

^^^1 

H      18fl8  May 

6. 

•Baynes,  J.,  Esq. 

Europe              ^^^^| 

H      1860  Feb. 

3. 

fBaxter,  J.  B.,  Esq,  M.  B.  C.  S. 

Port  Canning    ^^^^| 

H      1849  June 

6, 

♦Beadon,    The  Hou'ble   Sir  Cecil,  B. 

^^^H 

C.  S. 

Europe              ^^^H 

H      18G4  8l>pL 

7, 

fBeameB,  J.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Balasora            ^^^H 

■       1841  Api-il 

7. 

Beaufort,  F.  L.,  Esq.,  K  C.  S. 

Calcutta           ^^^H 

■       1861  Sept. 

4. 

♦Beavuu,  Lieut.  R.   0.,  Bengal    Staff 

^^^^1 

Corps. 

Europe             ^^^^H 

H       1847  Aug. 

4, 

♦Beckwitli,  J.,  Esq. 

Europe              ^^^^H 

■       1867  Jaly 

3. 

f  Belletty,  N.  A.,  Esq.,  Civil  Assistant 

^^^H 

Surgeon. 

Mymanaing             ^^| 

H       1869  Jim. 

20 

tBellew,  Br.  P.  F., 

M  ad  ras               ^^^^M 

■       1830  S>*pt. 

1. 

'Benson,  Lieut.-Ool.  R., 

Europe              ^^^^1 

■       1862  Oct. 

8, 

tBernara,  0.  E.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

^^^1 

^M       1862  Jiine^ 

4, 

fBhau  Daji,  Dr., 

Bombay              ^^^^H 

■       1864  Nov. 

2 

Bliuileva  Mukerjea.  B^bn, 

Chinsurali          ^^^^H 

■      1840  July 

15. 

♦Birch,    Major-General  Sir   R.  J.  H,, 

^^^H 

K.  C.  B 

Europe              ^^^H 

H      184G  Mar. 

4 

♦Blagrave,   Major  T.  C,  26th  Regt., 

^^^H 

B.  N.  L 

Europe              ^^^H 

H      1859  Sept. 

7. 

Bhme,  CoL  Sir  S.  J., 

Cakuttm             ^^^H 

■      1857  Mur. 

4. 

Bhmford,   H.   F.,  Esq.,  A.  R.  S.  M., 

^^^H 

F.  G.  S. 

Calcuttii             ^^^1 

H      1A59  Aug. 

3. 

tBlaiiford,   W.  T.,  Esq.,  A.  E.  S.  M., 

^^^ 

F.  G.  S.,  GeoL  Sm^vcy. 

Geol.  S.  Offic^e        ^M 

^■|8G4  April 

6. 

Biochinann,  U.,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

Calcutta                  ^H 

^^^857  Aug. 

2 

*Bogh,  Licnt.-Col.  Sir  A.,  Ku 

Europe               ^^^^H 

[             1869  June 

o 

Boniiorjee,  W.  C  ,  Esq. 

Calcutta             ^^^H 

^m        18G6  June 

a 

Bourke,  W.  M.,  K&q, 

Calcutta             ^^^1 

■       1859  Got. 

12. 

tBowring,    L.    B.,   Esq.,  C.  S.  I.,  B. 

^^^H 

as. 

^^^H 

H       1868  Jau. 

15. 

tBoxvvell,  J.,  Esq.,  0.  8* 

^^H 

■       1854  Nav. 

1 

♦Boycott,  Dr.  T.,  B.  M,  S. 

^^^H 

H       1860  Mar. 

2 

Brandis,  Dr.  D., 

Calcutta             ^^^1 

■       1860  OlI. 

3. 

•Brundretb,  The  Hon'ble  J.  E,  L., 

Europe              ^^^^H 

■       1862  Jan. 

15. 

jBriggs,  Limit. C<jL  D  ,  Stuff  Corp*. 

^^H 

■      1866  Apiil, 

4. 

■ 

♦Broiierick,  H.  C,  Esq.,  M.  D, 

Europe              ^^^^| 

^^^^                                        ^^^^^H 

^^^^H             IHU  of  Klectiuiu 

^H 

^^H        1847  June,  2. 

♦Brodie,  Capt.  T,,  6th  Regt.,  B.  N.  I, 

Europe          ^H 

^^m        1SGG  Jan.  17. 

♦Brown,  CiA.  D., 

Eurof>e           ^^M 

^^H        1866  Nov. 

f Browne,  Lient.  Col.  Horace  A.j 

Prome,  BnrtQ^H 

^^H        166()  June,  6. 

tBrownfiL4J,  C,  Esq. 

Kdmrup          ^H 

^^M        1808  June,  3. 

tBuuk,  R  C,  Esq  ,  C,  S. 

Cawnptir         ^^M 

^^H        1806  June,  6. 

tBnclcle,  Dr,  TL  B.,  C.  B.                    ! 

Dacca              ^H 

^^H        is 56  Sept.   a. 

Bnsliiinddin,  Sultan  M»jhftmmad, 

Cbinsurab       ^H 

^^M        1867  Sept.  4. 

Butler,  Lieut.  J,, 

Naga  Hilla     H 

^^m        1800  Jan.  20. 

tCadell,  A.,  Esq.,  B.  A,  0.  8., 

MozH  ff  ernag^^H 

^^H         ISOO  June,  6. 

fCampbell,  C,  Esq.,  C,  E. 

Jabulpur         ^^^ 

^^H         18n9  Sept.  7. 

♦Ciiinpbell,  Dr.  A,, 

Europe           ^^M 

^^^1        1S63  JiiDe,  3. 

♦Ciimpbell    Tlie  Huii^hlp  O, 

Europe           ^^M 

^^^B        18r>0  Jrd.     3 

tOarnac,  J.  IL  Rivett,  E.sq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Nag-i^ur           ^^1 

^^M        186*5  Not.    1 

tCarnegy,  P.,  Eh€[. 

FuiziibU        ^H 

^^K^  1807  Deo.    4. 

tChambers,  F.  J.,  E.^q, 

Liieknow        ^^1 

^^^H  1S08  Aug.    5. 

fOhnnilraniohana  Gosvilmi,  Pandita 

Gowh^tf         ^H 

^^^^m  1803  AiTg.   5. 

(Oliatnlranuthft  Raya,  Raja. 

N&tor              ^H 

^^V^  1868  Feb.    5. 

fClark,    Major    E.'  G.,   Bengal    Staff 

.^1 

Corps. 

Baraitcb,  Ouc^H 

^^H         1803  April.  1. 

*Clegborn,  Dr.  H., 

Europe            ^H 

^^H         1809  July,  7. 

tCoats,  J.  M.,  E:^q.,  M.  D. 

Hazarib^H     ^H 

^^M        1861  Sept.  4. 

tCockburn,  J.  F.,  Esq.,  C.  E. 

Knrbarbari  ^H 
Colliery        ^H 

^^H         1808  Nov.    4, 

tCole,  Lieut.  Ft.  IL,  Roval  Engr. 

Siilkot           ^M 

^^H         1862  April,  2. 

♦Colles,  J,  A.  R,  E^q.,  M   D. 

Europe           ^H 

^^m         1851  Mar. 

•CoKin,  J.  H.  B,,  Esq.,  B.  C.  8. 

Europe            ^H 

^^H         1868  Dec. 

tCuoke,  J,  E.,  Esq. 

llaidat^bail     ^H 

^^H         1860  Dec. 

♦Cooper,  F.  H,,  E^q.,  B.  C.  8. 

Europe           ^^1 

^^H         1857  Miir.    4 

•Cowell,  E.  B,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

Europe           ^H 

^^H^   1868  Mnv,    i\. 

fCoxbead,  T.  E.,  Esq,  C.  8, 

Sdrau              ^H 

^^^H  1800  May,   2 

*>Cox.  W.  H.,  E^q, 

Europe           ^^^ 

^^^^M  1866  Jan. 

Crawford,  J.  A.,  Esq.,  C.  8. 

Cab'iiUa          ^H 

^        \H6l  July,  3. 

♦Crockett,  OIiv(?r  R,,  E^. 

China              ^^M 

^^H        1867  Aug.    7. 

tCurrnn,    \l.   H..   E>q.,   L.  R.  C.  S., 

^H 

L.  K.  R  C.  P. 

port  Blair      ^M 

^^m        1868  Sept.  2 

Cuteem,  E.  Ch.  Van,  Rsq. 

Calcutta          ^H 

^^M        1S66  Feb. 

tDttly,  N.,  R.q. 

Mnynnonng,  ^^ 
Bununh               1 

^^1         1802  A(mT/> 

•Dalrvmple,  P.  A,  E,  Esq.,  0.  S. 

Europe            ^J 

^^^H         1847  June, 

tDalton,  Col.  E.,    T,,   C.  S.  I.,  Statf 

^H 

Corps. 

Cldiotd  N^in^l 

^^H         1861  Mar.    6. 

♦Davev,  N.  T.,  Esq.,  Revenue  Snrv., 

Imhoj*^           ^H 

^^m        1805  Mny,    S. 

fDavies,  C,  E^q. 

BaliriWi^hav    ^H 

^^B        1861  Nov.    6. 

tDavtes,  R.  H,  Esq..  C  S.  L,  B  C.  8- 

T^nckuow         ^^1 

^^H        1869  AprU  7. 

^ .=^ 

tDay,  Dr.  F.,  F.  L.  S.,  F.  Z.  S. 

MadtM           ^H 

Date  of  Election. 

1869   O^t.      6. 

fDelmerick,  J.  0.,  Esq. 

Rawal  Pindi 

1864  July,  6. 

Devendra  Mallika,  B&ba, 

Calcutta 

1856  Jane,  4 

DeBourbel,  Major  R  ,  Bengal  Engrs. 

1861  June,  6. 

♦Denison,    His     Excellency   Sir    W., 

K.  C.  B. 

Europe 

1863  Feb.    4. 

tDeva  Narayana  Singha,  The  Hon'ble 

R&jah, 

Benares 

1861  Mar.    6. 

*Devereax,     The     Hon'ble    H.    B., 

B.  C.  S. 

Europe 

1862  May,  7. 

fDhanapati    Singha     Dughar,    Raya 

Bahadur. 

Aziraganj 

1853  Sept.  7. 

♦Dickens,  Lieut.-Col.  C.  H., 

Europe 

1869  Sept.  7. 

♦Douglas,  Col.  C, 

Europe 

1869  Feb.    3. 

tDrew,  F.,  Esq. 

Jammd 

1S64  Dec.    7. 

*Danlop,  H.  G.,  Esq. 

Europe 

1867  Jane,  5. 

fDuthoit,  W.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Mirz^pur 

1861  May,    1. 

♦Earle,  Cnpt.  E.  L.,  Bengal  Artillery. 

Europe 

1857  May,    6. 

♦Eatwell,  Dr.  W.  C.  B., 

Europe 

1868  Oct.     7. 

tEddowes,  W.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

Erinpur 

1840  Oct.    7. 

•Edgeworth,  M.  P.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Europe 

1863  May    6. 

tEdgar,  J.  W.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Cachdr 

1865  Feb.    1. 

♦Egerton,  Ph.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Europe 

1846  Jan.     7. 

♦Elliott,  Sir  Walter,  late  M.  C.  S. 

Europe 

1859  Nov.    2. 

tElliott,  0.  A.,  Esq!,  B.  0.  S. 

Farruckdbdd 

1856  Mar.    5. 

♦Ellis,   Lieut.-Col.    R.    R.   W.,  23rd 

• 

Regt.,  B.  N.  I. 

Europe 

1854  Nov.    1. 

♦Elphinstone,  Capt.  M.  W.,  4th  Regt., 

B.  N.  I. 

Europe 

1868  Sept.  2. 

Ernsthauscn,  Baron  0. 

Calcutta 

1861  Jan.     9. 

♦Erskine,  The  Hon'ble  C.  J.,  Bombay 

C.  S. 

Europe 

1856  Aug.    6. 

♦Erskine,  Major  W.  C.  B., 

Europe 

^       1863  Oct.     7. 

Ewart,  Dr.  J., 

Calcutta 

1862  Aug.   6. 

♦Eyre,  Col.  Vincent,  C.  B. 

Europe 

1865  June,  7. 

Fawcus,  Dr.  J., 

Calcutta 

1851-  May,    7. 

Fayrer,  Dr.  J.,  C.  S.  I. 

Calcutta 

1863  Jan.  15. 

fFedden,  Francis,  Esq.,  G^eol.  Survey. 

Hinganbat 

1869  April,  7. 

fFerrar,  M.  L.,  Esq.,  B.  A.,  C.  S. 

R^i  Bareli, 
Oudh 

1868  May,  6. 

♦Field,  C.  D.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Euro|>e 

1859  Oct.  12. 

♦Fisher,  A.,  Esq. 

China 

1869  Sept.   1. 

♦Fisher,  J.  H  ,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Mattri 

1860  Mar.    7. 

fFitzwilliam,  The  Hon'ble  W.  S., 

Europe 

1865  April,  5. 

JFleming,  Dr.  J.  M., 

Khundw6, 

Date  of  Election. 

1867  A^ril,  3 
1869  Oct.  12 


1861  Feb.  6. 

1863  Dec.  2. 

1863  June,  3. 

1868  April,  1. 

1860  Mar.  7. 

1869  Sept.  1. 
1859  Dec.  7. 
1867  Sept.  4. 
1849  Sept.  5. 


1864  Aug.  11. 
1859  Aug.    3. 


♦Ford,  Lieut.-Col.  B., 
fForlong,  Major  J.  G.  R.,  Madras  Staff 
Corps. 

fForest,  R.,  Esq.,  Civil  Engineer. 
tForsyth,  Capt.  J.,BengL  Staff  Corps. 
♦Forsyth,  T.  D.,  Esq.,  C.  B. 
♦Frederic  of  Schleswig  Holstein,  H.R. 

H.  Prince, 
♦Frere,  His  Excellency  Sir  H,  Bartle, 

K.  C.  B.,  B.  C.  S. 
fFryer,  Capt.  G.  E., 
Futteh  Ali,  Maulavi. 
Fyfe,  The  Rev.  W., 
fFytche,   Major    Genl.   A.,    C.    S.  I , 

Chief  Commissioner  of  Burmah. 


1867  Dec. 

4. 

1807  Sept. 

4. 

18C8  Nov. 

4. 

1859  Sept. 

7. 

1865  June 

7. 

1842  Sept. 

2. 

1807  May 

1. 

1861  Feb. 

6. 

1809  Oct. 

6. 

1859  Sept. 

7. 

1802  Julv, 

2. 

1809  Jul>, 

7. 

1864  Dec. 

5. 

1802  Feb. 

5. 

180;)  Nov. 

4. 

1859  Dec. 

7. 

1860  Jan. 

4. 

1867  Aug. 

7. 

1809  Oct. 

6.' 

1807  June, 

5.1 

1860  July, 

4. 

1866  June, 

6. 

1861  Sept. 

4. 

1860  Nov. 

7. 

tGarrett,  C.  B.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Gastrell,  Col.    J.    E.,   13th    Regt. 
N.  I ,  Supdt.,  Rev.  Survey. 

Gay,  E.,  Esq. 

Gauvain,  Capt.  V., 
♦Geddes,  J.  C,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Geoghegan,  J.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 
tGiles,  A.  H.,  Esq. 
♦Gladstone,  W.,  Esq. 

Glover,  The  Hon'ble  F., 
f  Godwin-Austen,  Major  H.  H.,  Topo- 
graphical    Survey. 
tGomes,  A.  D.  B.,  Esq. 
♦Goodeve,  E.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 
♦Gordon,  J.  D.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 
fGordon,  Robert,  Esq.,  C.  E. 

f  Gurucharana  Ddsa,  Babu, 
f  Gauradasa  Basaka,  Babu, 
fGowan,  Lieut.-Col.  J.  G. 
♦Grant,  Sir  J.  P.,  K.  C.  B. 

Grant,  T.  R.,  Esq. 

Granville,  W.  L.,  Esq. 
tGray,  B.,  Esq.,  M.  B. 
fGregory,  Capt.  J.,  Depy.  Commr. 

Grey,    The    Hon'ble    W.,    B.  C.  S., 
Lieut. -Governor  of  Bengal. 
tGribble,  T.  W.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 
tGriffia,  L.  H.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 
fGriffith,  R.  T.  H.,  Esq.,  M.  A. 


Europe 

Abd,  RfijpuUL- 
n& 
Etowah 
Nim^r 
Europe 


Europe 

Europe 
Amherfit 
Calcutta 
Calcutta 

Rangun 

Shdh&b&d 


Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Krishnagar 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Cherr4  Punj£ 
Calcutta 
Europe 
Europe 

Henzaday,  Bur- 
ma 
Janiu  Kdndi 
Kiiulna 

Morar,  Gwalior 
Europe 
Calcutta 
Calcutta 
L^hor 
Debrughar 

Calcutta 
Saran 
Ldhor 
Benares 


Date  of  Election. 

1869  "i^b.  3. 

1861  Feb.  6. 
1869  May,  5. 

1862  Feb.  6. 

1867  July,  3. 
1869  April,  7. 

1847  June,  2. 
1866  Jan.  17. 

1863  Juno,  3. 
1855  Mar.  7. 
1847  May,  5. 

1859  Oct.  12. 
1866  Nov.  1 
1862  Oct.  8. 

1861  Feb.    6. 

1859  Oct.  12, 

1862  Aug.    6 

1866  April,  4 

1853  July,  6 

1854  Mar.    1. 

1868  Aug.    5. 

1863  July,   1. 

1860  Mar.    7. 

1863  Jan.  15 

1867  Sept.  4 
1867  Aug.  17 

1867  Aug.   7 


f  Giriprasdda  Singba,  Th&kur,  Allighur 

JGrowse,  F.  S.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S.  Mainpuri 

Gubboy,  R.  A.,  Esq.  Calcutta 

♦Guthrie,  Col.  C.  S.,  Bengal  Engrs.  Europe 

fHacket,  C.  A.,  Esq.,  Geol.  Survey.     Geol.  S.  Office 
tHaeberlin,  The  Rev.  C,  Chbot&N^pur, 

Ranchee 
♦Hall,  F.  E  ,  Esq.,  M.  A.,  D.  C.  L.     Europe 
fHamilton,  Major  T.  C,  Rangoon 

♦Hamilton,  Col.  G.  W.,  Europe 

fHamilton,  R.,  Esq.  Wurdah 

♦Hannyngton,  Col.  J.  C,  63rd  Regt., 


1868  Nov.    4, 

1866  Feb.    7 

1867  May,    1 

1868  April,  1 

1869  Sept.   1 


1866  Mar.  7. 

1860  Jan.  4 

1862  Oct.  8. 

185:3  Dec.  7. 


1864  Sept.  7. 
1841  Mar.  5. 


N.I. 

Europe 

♦Hardie,  Dr.  G.  K., 

Europe 

Harendra  Krishna  Bahadur,  Kumdr., 

Calcutta 

♦Harington,  The  Hon^ble  H.  B., 

Europe 

fHarrison,  A.  S  ,  Esq.,  B.  A. 

Bareilly 

JHaughton,  Lieut.-Col.  J.  C  ,  C.  S.  I. 

Cuch  Behar 

flleeley,  W.  L.,  Esq.,  B.  A.,  C.  S. 

R6jshahi 

♦Henry,  N.  A.,  Esq. 

Europe 

tHerschel,  W.  J.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Dacca 

♦Hichens,  Lieut.  W.,  Bengal  Engrs. 

Europe 

tHobart,  R.  T.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Chundr 

♦Home,  C,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Europe 

Hovenden,     Major    J.    J.,    Bengal 

Engineers. 

Calcutta 

fHowell,  M.  S.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Dchra  Dhoon 

tHughes,  A.  J,  Esq.,  C.  E. 

Daridbdd 

tHuirhes,   T.  H.,  Esq.,  A.  R.  S.  M., 

F.  G.  S.,  Geol.  Survey. 

Geol.  S.  Office 

fHughes,  Lieut.  W.  G., 

Tounghoo,     B 

Burmah 

fHolroyd,  Capt.  W.  R.  M. 

L^hor 

Hoyle,  G.  W.,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

♦Hyatt,  Dr.  B.  N.,  Civil  Surgeon. 

Europe 

Hyde,  Lieut.-Col.  H.,  R.  B. 

Calcutta 

Hyde,  E.,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

flrvine,  W.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Goruckpur 

jlnnes,  Lieut.-Col.  J.  J.  McLcod,  R.E. 

L&hor 

flrwin,  Valentine,  E-q.,  C  S. 

Tipperah 

f  Isvariprasdda  Singba  Bahadur,  Rdjab 

Benares 

Jackson,  The  Hon'ble  E., 

Calc 

♦Jackson,  W.  B.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Ei^ 

VUl 


Date  of  Election. 

1861  Dec.  4.  *James,  Major  H.  R.,  C  .B 
1864  Sept.  7.  *Jardiue,  H.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 
1845  Dec.  3.  tJenlon,  Dr  T.  C. 
1866  Feb.  7 J  1  Johnson,  W  H.,  Esq. 
1847  June,  t^.   *J*Jinntoae,  J.,  Esq. 

1862  Mar.    5.f"fJaliiistone,  C.»pt.  J.  W.  H.,  Assistant 
Commissioner. 

I  Johnstone,  Capt.  J. 


1867  Dec.  4 

1859  Sept.  7, 
1865  June,  7, 


1869  April,  7. 

1858  Feb.  3, 

1863  July  1. 

1868  Feb.  6. 
1850  April,  3. 

1861  Dec.  15. 
1867  Dec.  4. 
1867  Mar.  6, 

1862  Jan.  15. 
1867  Mar.  6 

1869  May,  5. 


1839 
1861 

1863 
1869 
1851 
1^68 
1869 
185-2 
1868 
1868 
1859 
1869 
1865 
1856 
1860 
1862 
1864 
1869 
1866 
1866 


Mar. 
Mar. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Dec. 

Sept. 

May, 

April 

Feb. 

July 

Dec. 

June 

June 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Doc. 

Nov. 

April 

May. 

Jan. 


*  Jones,  R.,  Esq. 

f  Jayakissen,  Ddsa  Bah&dar,  R&jah, 


Kabimddin  Ahmad,  Moulavie, 
Kfiliprasamifl  Singha,  B4ba, 

♦Kane,  H-  S.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

fKavanngh,  J.j  Esq. 

*Kay,  TboRov.  W.,  D.  D. 

fKempson,  M.,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

jKing,  G.,  Esq.,  M.  B. 

fKing,  Capt.  H.  W. 

♦King,  W.,  Jr.,  Esq.,  Geol.  Survey. 
fKnox,  G.  E  ,  Esq.,  C.  S. 
Kurz,  S.,  Esq. 


■^Laidlay,  J.  W.,  E^-q. 
-Laing,  The  Hon'ble  S., 

Lane,  T.  B.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Latham,  G.,  Esq  ,  C.  E. 
■^^Lnyard,  Col.  F.  P., 

Lazarus,  C,  Esq. 
fLeeds,  R.  J  ,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Lees,  Lieut.-Col.  W.  N.,  LL.  D. 
jLees,  L.  IL,  Esq.,  M.  D. 
iLeitner,  Dr.  G.  W., 
JLeonard,  H.,  Esq.,  C.  E. 
'Lonpolt,  J.  C.  Esq  ,  C.  S. 
*Lcwin,  Capt.  T.  II., 
♦Liebig,  Dr.  G.  von 

Lindsay,  E.  J.,  Esq. 

Lobb,  S.,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

Locke,  II.  n.,  Esq. 
tLockwood,  E.  D.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 
♦Lovett,  Lieutenant  B., 
fLow,  James,  Esq.,  G.  T.  S. 


Europe 

Europe 

Dacca 

Si&Ikot 

Europe 

Sh&hpdr 
Keonjas     vi& 

Bhadrack 
Europe 
Allighar 


Calcutta 
CalcutU 
Europe 
Gt)ond,  Oudh 
Europe 
Berilli 
Najfbdbdd 
P.  &  0.   Co. 

Office 
Europe 
Meerut 
Calcutta,  Botfl 

uical  Gardeiu 

Europe 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Mirz^plir 

Calcutta 

Simla 

L&hor 

Calcutta 

Azimgarh 

Eurox)e 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Tipperah 

jlspah^u 

Almora 


^^^B                                                                                                                                                                                  ^^^^^^1 

^V         DtftCa  of  Eleetloa , 

^^^H 

■      1854  Nov.    1 

♦Lnshinpjton,  F.  A.,  Esq.,  B.  0.  8. 

Europe               ^^^^^ 

■      1869  July    7 

fLyall,  C.  J.,  Esq.,  B.  A.,  0.  S. 

Balandshalir       ^^^H 

1      1868  Dec.     2 

tMacauliffe,  M.,  E.'^q.,  B.  A.,  G.  S, 

^^H 

W       1B66  Jtirie    6 

Macdoruilil,  Mnjor  J.,  Staff  Corps. 

Catcutta              ^^H 

1848  April  5 

fMaclugun,  Ool  K.,  F.R.S.E.              ^LiLlior                  ^^M 

1806  Jan.  17 

JMacgregor,  MajurC.  M.,  StnU  Corps.  Simla                   ^^^| 

1853  April  6. 

♦Macrae,  Dr.  A.  0., 

^^^H 

1867  July    3. 

Mackenzie,  S.  C,  Esq.,  M.  D, 

Calcutta              ^^^H 

1867  J«ly    B 

Macnaiiiara,  Dr.  C. 

^^^H 

^      1863  Jhq.  15. 

niaine,  The  Huu^ble  H.  S., 

Europe                ^^^^1 

■      1867  AprO  3 

f  Main  waring,  Lieut. -Col.  G.  B., 

Darjeuling           ^^^^| 

■      1860  Jan.     4. 

*Maii,  D.  K.,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

Europe                 ^^^^H 

■      1865  Mar,    1. 

tMalleson,  Lieut-Cal,  Q  B. 

^^^^1 

~      1862  Sept.   3. 

♦MaUet.  F.  R.,  Esq.,  Geol.  Survey. 

Europe                ^^^^1 

1860  Jaiy    4. 

fMau,  E.  G.,  Esq. 

Rang  an                 ^^^^H 

1852  Nov.    3, 

Manickjee  Rustornjee,  Esq. 

C^ilcutta               ^^^1 

1861  June    5. 

tMtina  ^hifrh  BalidJur,  MaMrijah, 

Ondh                   ^^M 

1867  Mnr.    6 

MfU'kUy,  TheHon'ble  W., 

^^^M 

1869  July    7. 

tMarkham,  A.  M.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

^^^^M 

1864  Awg,  11. 

♦Marks,  Tiie  Rev.  J.  Eheuezer, 

^^^^M 

1868  July    1 

♦Marshall,  Lieut.  C.  H.  T., 

Europe                  ^^^^1 

1850  J;in.     2, 

♦Marnhman,  J.  C,  E^q. 

Europe                ^^^H 

_      1863  Nov.    4. 

♦McCleIki.il,  D.  J., 

Eiiro|>a                ^^^^1 

■     1837  Oct     4. 

fMcLeotl,  The  Hon'ble  SirD.F.,C.B„ 

^^^H 

■ 

K.  C.  S.  L,  B.  C  8. 

Mmrce                 ^^^| 

■     1860  Mar.    7. 

fMcaiicott,   11.   B.,  E,^q.,  F.    O.  S., 

^^^H 

■ 

Gf'oL  Survey. 

GeoL  S.  olBce      ^^H 

■     1861  Feb.     6. 

♦Melville,  Capt-  A.  B.,  Staff  Corpa. 

Europe                       ^^^ 

1855  Nov.    7, 

♦Miiltlleton,  J.^  Esq. 

Europe                 ^^^^| 

1867  June    5. 

Miliuan,    D.    D.,   Tho   Bight  Rev. 

^^^H 

Lord  Bishop  of  Calciilta,  R., 

^^H 

1850  April  3 

♦Mills,  A.  J.  M.,  E^q,,  B.  C.  a 

^^^^1 

■     1867  April  2, 

Muhendralala  Snracdrii,  Dr., 

^^^1 

■     1847   April  7^ 

♦Money,  D.  J.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  8. 

Etirope                 ^^^^1 

■     1856  Ft^b.    6 

tMoney,  W.  J.,  Esq.,  C.  S.  I..B.C.  8. 

M  V  niaijsing          ^^^^| 

■     1S67  i^Iar.    6 

tMontg^onjerio,  Major  T.  G.,  R.  E. 

^^H 

1865  July    5 

fMorland*  LiuiiL.-Col.  J  , 

^^^H 

1854  Dec.     6. 

tMorris,  G.  G.,  Esq.,  B.C.  S. 

Uackerganj          ^^^H 

1837  July    5. 

♦Moir,  J.,  Esq. 

tDurope                 ^^^^M 

H.     1854  Oct.  11 

tMuir,  The  Hon'hU  Sir.W.,K.  C.S.  L» 

^^^H 

1 

B.  c.  a 

AUah^bid           ^^H 

■    1862  July    2. 

♦Napier  of  Magclala,  Lord  R.,  General, 

^1 

■ 

G.  C.  S  L,  K.  C.  B. 

[Europe                  ^^^H 

^     1869  May     5. 

NeviU,  G.p  E»q.,  C.  M.  Z.  8. 

Calcutta                 ^^^1 

^^^^^P              ^VP                            ^^^1 

^^^^H             l>ate  of£leotJan. 

m 

^^H         1869  Uaf    5. 

fNewall,  Lieut. -CoL  D.  J.  F.,  R,  A. 

Mean  Meer  ^H 

^^H         1865  Feb.    1. 

fNewul  Kiehwar,  Mynshi, 

Lucknow      ^H 

^^H          1852  3opt  1. 

♦Nicholis,    Capt.   W.    T.,  24th  Regi- 

■ 

ment,  M.  N.  I. 

Europe         ^^M 

^^H          1863  Jan.  15. 

Norman,  The  Hon'ble  J  P,, 

Calcutta        m 

^^M         1869  July    7. 

pursing  Rao,  A,  V.,  E.sq. 

Vizagapatam    ■! 

^^H          1851  June   4, 

Oltlham,  T.,  Es^.,  LL.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

J 

Geol.  Snvv<?y. 

Calcutta        ^M 

^^H          1869  April  5. 

tOltUmra,  W.,  Esq.,  L.  L.  D.,  C.  S  . 

Gliazipnr 

^^^1          1867  Aug.   7. 

1  Oldham,  R.  A.,  Esq  ,  C   E. 

Dehreojon  Sone 

^^m         1806  July   4. 

fOrmBby,  M.  H.,  Esq.,  C.  E.,L  L.  D,, 

Geol.  Survey. 

Geol.  S.  offii;^ 

^^^B          1837  Jime   7. 

•0- Shaughnessy,  Sir  W.  B,, 

Europe          ^H 

^^H          1847  Feb.  10, 

♦Ousely,  Major  W.  R., 

Europe         ^^| 

^^H           1864  Mar.    2. 

♦Palmer,  Br.  W.  J., 

Europe          ^H 

^^H          1868  Nov.    4. 

f  Pearson,  C,  Esq.                                  ! 

Rawul  Pindi^n 

^^H          1862  May     7. 

Partridge,  S.  B.,  Esq.,  M.  B. 

Calcutta              J 

^^m          1869  July    7. 

Pell.  S.,  E^.                                        1 

Calcutta        ^m 

^^H           1S67  Feb.    6. 

*Paul,  J.,  Esq. 

Europe          ^H 

^^H          1860  Feb.    1. 

fPenrse,  Major  G.  G., 

Kampti              ^ 

^^H          1867  Mar.    6. 

Pearimohana  Mnkarji,  M.  A.,  Bahu , 

U t tarparah    ^J 

^^H           1864  Mar.    2. 

*Pellew,  F.  H.,  Esq.,  C,  8. 

Europe         ^^| 

^^H          1865  Sept.  6. 

f  Peppe,  J,  H.,  Esq. 

Gayd             H 

^^H          1868  May    6. 

fPetet^on,  F.  W.,  Esq. 

Bombay       ^H 

^^B          1867  Nov.    6. 

♦Petit,  Mons,  Eugene, 

Europe         ^H 

^^H          1835  July    L 

tPhayre,  CoL.Sir  A.P.,  K.C.S.I,  CB. 

Simla            ^^M 

^^H           1864  Nov.    2. 

Phear,  The  Hon^ble  J.  B., 

OnlcuiU        ^M 

^^m           1869  Feb.    8. 

fPiekford,  J.,  Esq., 

Madras         ^^^ 

^^H           1868  May    6. 

Pirie,  A.,  Esq. 

Calcutta  ^^^1 

^^H          1867  Sept.  4. 

♦Place,  Mons.  V'., Consul- Gen.,  France 

Europe  ^^^H 

^^H          1862  Oct.     8. 

fPulinavehan  Sen^  Biibu, 

B  erl  1  a  m  pu^^^| 

^^H           1868  April  1. 

f  Pramathanfitha  R§ya,  Kum^r, 

Dig^pati        ^H 

^^H           1869  Feb.    3. 

Prat6pachaiidra  Ghosh  a,  B.  A. 

Calcutta        ^H 

^^H           1839  Mar.    6^ 

Pratt,  The  Ven'ble  Archdeacon  J.H,, 

^_^H 

MA. 

Calcutt^^^^l 

^^H           1860  Jan.    4. 

Priyandtha  Sethn,  Bdlm, 

Calcnttai^^H 

^^H           1825  Mar.    9. 

♦Prinsep,  0.  R.,  Esq. 

Europe        ^^M 

^^H           1853  April  6 

Radh^niltha  SikdirA,  Baha, 

GalctitU       ^1 

^^H           1849  Sept.    5 

R.ijondra  Datta,  Bibu, 

Calcutta       ^H 

^^H           1856  Mar.    5 

RftjendraUla  Mitra,  Bfibn, 

CalcntU        ^^ 

^^B           1868  Jan.  15 

fRakhaldass  Haldara,  B&bu, 

Chhota  Nagpdrj 

^^^^    1864  May 

Ram^nfitha  Vasu,  Bdbo, 

Oalcnttm       ^J 

^^^P                                                   Vjf^^^^^^^^^^H 

IHic  of  EIcLrtlun. 

^^^M 

1837  Feb.    1, 

Raman^tha  ThAkiira,  Bfibu, 

GalcutU              ^^^1 

^     1866  Jan.  17- 

fRattray,   A.,    Ksq.,    Asst.     Commr, 

^^^H 

■ 

nni  Tracts. 

Cliittagong          ^^^H 

■    1869  June   2. 

f  Rawlins,  T,  W ,  Esq  ,  C.  S. 

Alldb^bkl            ^^H 

■     1K60  Mar.    7. 

tReicl,  H.  S  ,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

AlJilaab^d            ^^M 

■     184)8  June   Z. 

Reinhold,  H.,  E«q. 

Calcutta               ^^^H 

■     1864  Bee.    7. 

tRiclmrason,  R.  J,,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Slmfiab&d             ^^H 

^1    1857  June   7. 

♦RidiMl,  The  Hou^ble  H.  B.,  B.  C.  8. 

Europe                 ^^^^| 

■    1^68  April  1. 

Robb,  G.,  Esq. 

Calcutta               ^^^H 

~     1868  July    1. 

fRoberts,  The  Rev.  J., 

Panjab                  ^^H 

1863  April  1. 

♦Robci-tson,  C,  Esq,,  C.  8. 

Europe                 ^^^H 

1865  Feb.    1. 

Robinson,  8.  H,,  Esq. 

Calcutta               ^^^H 

1847  Dec.     1. 

♦Rogers,  Capt.  T.  E., 

Europe                 ^^^H 

1866  Dec,     6. 

Ros8,  J.  M,,  Esq, 

Cnlcutta               ^^^H 

1         1869  July    7. 

tRoss,  Lieut.  J.  C,  R.  E. 

^^^H 

H    1861  Dec.    4, 

tSaunders,  C.  B.,  E^q.,  C.  B.,B.  C  S. 

Haidar&bid          ^^H 

^    1864  June    1, 

Saunders,  J.  O'B.,  Esq. 

Caleutta                ^^^| 

1854  Dec.    6. 

tSaxton,  Col.  G.  H.,  F.  G.  S.,  MadrjiB 

^^^H 

^ 

Stuff  Corps. 

^^^M 

■    1854  May    2, 

♦SchUler,  F.,  Esq. 

Europe                 ^^^^| 

^    1869  Feb.    3. 

t8chwen<ller,  L  ,  Esq. 

^^^H 

1860  Feb.    1. 

♦Seott,  Cei  E.  W.  8., 

Eoropo                 ^^^^1 

1866  Jan,  17, 

fSeaton,  Capt.  W,  J,, 

Rangdn                 ^^^^| 

- 1869  Aug.   4. 

Selbach,  W.,  Esq. 

Cakntta                 ^^^H 

H     1860  July    4. 

tShelverton,  G.,  Esq. 

Wfdtair,  near  ^^^^B 
Vizagapatam      ^^^^| 

H    1866  Sept.  5. 

^Slierer,  Major  J.  F., 

Europe                  ^^^^M 

■    1867  April  3. 

tSberiful  Omrah,    Nawab  Sir,  BaM- 

^^^H 

^1 

dur,  K.  C.  8,  L 

Madras                 ^^^H 

■    1845  Jan.  14. 

♦Sherwill,    Lieut.-Col.    W.    8.,    66th 
Regiment,  B.    N.  L,  F.    G.   S., 

^H 

^H 

F.  R.  G.  8. 

Europe                 ^^^H 

■    1868  Oct.    7. 

Shircore.  Dr.  8.  M,, 

Calcutta                ^^H 

■    1863  April  1. 

tShowera,  Lieut,-CoL  C.  L. 

^^^H 

■    1869  June   2. 

Schroeder,  J.,  Eaq. 

Calcutta                ^^H 

H    1866  June    6. 

fSime,  J.,  Esq.  B.  A. 
^Sladen,  Major  E.  B. 

^^H 

■     1864  Sept.   7. 

Europe                  ^^^H 

■    1866  JuQo   6. 

fSmart,  R.  B.,  Esq.,  Rev.  Survey, 

Raj  par,  Cen-  ^^^H 
tral  FrovLUC^            ^^t 

H     1865  Jnly    5. 

t Smith,  D.  Boyes,  Esq,,  M.  D. 

^^H 

■     186S  April   1. 

fSmith,  McLftren  W.,  Esq.                     , 

BerUampur           ^^^^H 

■^     1868  July     1. 

Smith,  W,,  Esq.,  0.  E. 

Cftlentta                 ^^^| 

1856  Fi'b.     6. 

♦Smith,  Col.  J,  F., 

Eur  op  13                    ^^^^M 

1854  Sept.   6. 

♦Spankie,  The  Hon'blo  R.,  B.  0.  S. 

^^^H 

^    1864  Mar.    2. 

fSpearman,  Capt.  H.  R., 

RanguA                ^^^1 

^^^^^IV^                  v^lV                                    ^^^^H 

^H                i[3^t«or£leetioa. 

^H 

H          1867  May 

1, 

fSteel,  Lieut.  E.  H.,  R  A. 

Debrugbar        ^H 

^M           1843  Sept 

4 

fStevens,  W.  FL,  E^q,,  C.  E. 

Durbhanga         ^^M 

^M           18G7  Dec. 

4. 

♦Stepheu,  Major  J.  G.,  8th  N.  L 

Europe               ^H 

^1           1863  Sept. 

2, 

Sltnvail,  R  D.,  E^q. 

Ciilcutta       ^^H 

^m           ISVA  ApiH 

6. 

♦Srewurt,  J,  L,  Esq,  M.  D. 

Europe         ^^^^^ 

■           1861  St^pt. 

4. 

Stnkes  Whitley,  Esq. 

CalcutU       ^^H 

H           1863  Nu\^ 

4. 

StoUi'zkfl,  F.,  Esq.,  FU.  D.,  F.  G.  S., 

^H 

Geol.  Survey. 

Calcutta             ^1 

^1           1868  Sept. 

2. 

fStoney,  R.  V.,  Esq. 

Augul      Yift      ^H 
CutUck     ^^^M 

H           1S43  May 

a. 

8trachev,Col.,  The  IIon'He  R.,  F.  K. 

^^^H 

S,  F.L.  S,  1\G.  S,,C.S.I.,  C  B 

Calcutta       ^^H 

■           1869  Feb. 

3. 

Struchey,  The  Hou'Me  J., 

Cak-utU       ^^H 

■           1859  Mar. 

2. 

fStahbs,     Major  F.  W.,  Beii.  Artil- 

^^^H 

lerv^ 

^^H 

H           1858  Jnlj 

7. 

♦Sntherlnua,  H.  C,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Europe              ^H 

H           1864  Aug. 

IL 

Swinlioc,  W.j  Esq. 

Cnlcutta             ^H 

H           1863  Sept. 

3. 

Sy^m^cbarana  Saracdra,  B4bu, 

Oalcuttft            ^H 

^M           1806  Jan. 

17. 

Tngoro,  G.  M.,  E^q. 

Calcutta             ^M 

^1           1S65  Sept. 

6. 

Tiiwney,  G.  XL,  E^q.,  M.  A. 

Calcutta            ^H 

H            1865  April 

5. 

Taylor,  R,,  E^q. 

Calcutta            ^H 

■            1860  May 

2. 

Teinple,    the   Uou^le  Sir  R.,  K.  C. 

^H 

S.  L,  B.  C  S. 

Calcuttft            ^M 

H           1859  Mar. 

2. 

fTheobrtld,  W,,  Jr.,  Esq.,  Geological 

^H 

Survey. 

B.  Burma         ^H 

H           1869  Feb. 

3. 

tTlionuis/T.,  Esq. 

Lncknaw           ^H 

■           1869  Oct. 

6. 

t Thomson,  A  ,  Esq. 

Fni^ab^d      ^^M 

^1            1860  Jnno 

6. 

^Thompson,  J.  G,,  Ef?q» 

Europe        ^^^1 

^1            1863  Mar, 

4. 

♦Thoitip^on,     Major    G,    H.,    Bengal 

^^^H 

Stnicf  Corps. 

Europe        ^^^H 

^m           1863  Jnne 

4. 

fTliornton,  T.  H.^E^^q.,  D.  C.  L  ,0.  S. 

^^H 

^1           1847  Jttue 

2. 

ThnHlicr,   Col.  H.  L,,  F.   R.  G.  S., 

^H 

Royul  Artillery. 

Calcutta             ^M 

H            1863  May 

6. 

tThiiillier,  Capt.  H.  R., 

Fnrldpiir            ^M 

H            1802  Jnly 

2. 

*Thnrh3w,  The  Umi'lle  T.  J.  H., 

Europe               ^H 

■            1865  July 

5. 

fTolbort,  T.  W.  H.,  Esq.,  C.  8. 

Dei  a    Ismait    ^B 

Khan              H 

H           1865  July 

6 

Tonnerre,  Dr.  0.  F., 

Calcutta             ^M 

H           18G2  Feb. 

5. 

*ToiTeiis,  Col.  n.  D., 

Europe        ^^^H 

^1           1861  June 

5. 

tTreujtett,  J.  D.,  E^q.,  M.  A,,  C.  S* 

Delhi          ^^B 

■            1863  Mar. 

4. 

^Trevelyrin,    The   Right    Hon'ble  Sir                    ^^H 
C,  K.  C.  B.                                  Europe       ^^H 

V            1841  Feb. 

3- 

♦Trevor,  The  Hnn  hk  C.  B.,  B.  0-  S,  Europe         ^^^M 

B            1864  Mur. 

2 

fTrever,  Lieut.  E,  A.,  Royal  Engr.      Hiiidarub^d        ^H 

^B           18GL  Si^pt. 

4 

Tvveen,  A,,  Esq.,  Geological  Survey.  Cukutta            ^| 

^^^     1863  May 

6 

tTyler,  Dr.  J., 

J 

^                            ^B^^H 

Bftteef  Electfoa. 

^H 

^     18G9  Jllne  2 

Udayachdutk  Datta,  B^bu, 

Pnrnlia,    Man-         ^^| 
bliutn                 ^^^^1 

I     1860  May    2. 

fVanrenen,    5Iajor  A.    D.,  Ben.  Staff 

^^^M 

■ 

Corps. 

^^^^H 

■     1864  Feb.    3. 

tVercliere,  A.  M.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

Jiiiluudar             ^^^^| 

■     18G4  April  6. 

fVijayar^ma     Gajapati     Kdj    3f«nniS 

^^^H 

1 

Sultan  Bahdtlar,  Maharajah  Miiza, 

Vizianagaratn            ^^M 

1     1869  Augt.  4. 

Wahid  All,  Prince  JaUn  Qadr  Mn- 

^H 

■ 

baminad,  Bulmdnr. 

Garden  Reach      ^^^^M 

■     1805  Nov.    1 

Wd.lks  D.,  E^q,  F.  C.  S. 

Calcutta               ^^^H 

■      18t)I  May     1. 

'  fWidker,   Col,   J.    T.,  Royal  Eogrs., 

^^^H 

■ 

Boiubiiy. 

^^H 

■     186a  Dec*    2. 

fWHlkor,  A.  G.,  Emi.,  C.  S. 

Oaao,  Oudh         ^^^H 

'           186.3  May    6- 

♦Wall,  R  W.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

^^^^H 

^     18Gl»  Dec.     1, 

Wallace,  Lieut.  W.  E,  A.,  R.  E. 

^^H 

■    1863  Oft.     7 

Walkr,  W,  K  .  Emi.,  M.  B. 

Gulcntia                      ^H 

■    186:2  Jan.  15 

fWard,  G.  E.,  E^([..  B.  C.  S. 

Muzaffamagar           ^^M 

■     1852  Jul7    7. 

*Wurd,  J.  J,  Esq  .  B.  as. 

b>urope                       ^^M 

^    1859  July    6 

*W«rrand,  R.  H.  M.,  E^q.,  B.  C.  8 

Europo                 ^^^^M 

1865  Hay    3. 

WaterhLMiae,    Lieut,   J.,   Royal   Ar- 

^^^H 

^ 

tlUenr. 

Calcutta              ^^H 

■    1854  July    5. 

♦Watson^X,  Esq  .  B,  C.  8. 

Europe                ^^^H 

~    1847  No7.    3. 

♦Wauffli,    MHJor'Gen«?ral   Sir  A.    S,. 

^^^H 

C  B.,  F.  R.  S.,  F.  R.  G,  8, 

^^^H 

18t)9  Sept.    1. 

tWostland,  J.,  Esq,,  0.  8. 

JfMsore                  ^^^H 

JSm  Feb.    6. 

fWeHtiiiHcott,  E.  V,,  Edq.,  B.  A.,  0.  S. 

Drnajpur               ^^^H 

'          186-J  Oct.     8, 

Wbeeler,  J.  T  .  Esq, 

^^^H 

1         1867  Aug.    7. 

tWilcox,  F.,  Et<q.,  Bengal  Police, 

PnruUa^     Man-  ^^^^H 

H    1864  Mar.    2. 

Wilkinson,  0.  J.,  Esq. 

Palcntta                 ^^^H 

■    1861  Sept.  4. 

tWilliaini?,  Br.  0  ,  H.  M.^s  68th  Regt. 

Rarigun                   ^^^^^ 

^    1867  Jan.  16. 

fWilliatniion,  Lient.  W,  J. 

G  arrow  Hi! fa       ^^^^^ 

1867  Mar.    6. 

Wilhon,  W.  a.,  Esq.,  B.  A. 

Calcutta                      ^H 

^    18.'i9  Sept.  7. 

tWillson,  W.  L.,  Esq.,  Geol.  Survey. 

Geo!.  3.  office             ^M 

■    1859  Aug.   3. 

♦Wilmot,  C.  W.,  E^q, 

Europe                        ^^M 

■    1865  Fob.    1. 

tWilmot,  E.,  Esq. 

Delhi                       ^^H 

■    1866  Mar.    7. 

♦Wise.  Dr.  J.  F.  N., 

Europe                 ^^^H 

^     1867  July    3. 

fWood.  Br.  J.  J., 

^^^^1 

,          1851  May     7. 

♦Woothow,  IL,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

Europe                  ^^^H 

H    1859  Mar.    2. 

♦Woitky,  Major  A.  U.  P., 

Europe                 ^^^^H 

■    1862  Aug.    6. 

♦Wylie,  J.  W.,  E.q.,  Bombay  C.  S> 

Europe                 ^^^H 

^   1869  Sept,   1. 

Yrtduli'ila  MallJka,  Bibu, 

Cakulta               ^^^| 

^    1868  June   3. 

Yatiudramohanii  Th^knrai  B4bUf 

Calcutta                ^^^1 

^^^^r             »»       ^^^^^^^B 

^V                 DateorElectivn.   | 

^1 

■           1867  Mar. 

6. 

fYngendranatha  Mallika,  Bibu, 

Anaul                 fl 

■           185S  April 

4 

*Yoang,  Lieut.-CoL  C.  B., 

Burope         ^^^H 

■          1856  July 

2. 

*Yale,  Col  H,,  E.  E. 

.„.  ^ 

LIST  OF  HONORARY  MEMBERS 

•     ^ 

^B                  DalaoTElKUon     1 

H           1825  'Mu. 

9. 

M.  Oarcin  de  Tassy,  Membre  del'Lust. 

Paria             ^^^ 

■          1826    „ 

1, 

Sir  Jtjlm  Phillippart* 

Loudon        ^^^H 

■_      1829  Jdj 

1. 

CouDt  De  Noe. 

^^M 

^H     1831 

7. 

Prof.  C.  Lassen, 

Bonn            ^^^H 

^^V     1834  Nov. 

6. 

Sir  J.  F.  W,  Herschel,  F.  E.  S. 

London        ^^^| 

■           1834     „ 

5. 

Col  W.  H.  SykeB,  F,  R.  8. 

London               ^H 

■           1835  May 

6. 

Prof.  Lea.                                                    ; 

Philadelphia       ■ 

■           1842  Feb. 

4. 

Br.  Ewald. 

Gottingen            ^H 

■           1842     „ 

4, 

Riglit  HonM)!G  Sir  Edward  Ryan,  Kt. 

Lomlon         ^^^^1 

■           1843  Mar. 

30. 

Prof.   Jnhs  Mohl,  Mcmb.  do  T  lustit. 

^^M 

■           1847  May 

5. 

His  Hi^lm«88  Uekekyan  Bey. 

^gy?^       ^H 

■           1847  Sept. 

1. 

Ocd,  W:  Mnmo. 

Loudon         ^^^H 

■          1847  Nov. 

S. 

His   Higlinetsa  the   Nawab  Nazim  of 

^^^B 

Bengal 

Murshid^b&d       H 

■          1818  Feb. 

2 

Br.  J.  D.  Hooker,  R.  N.,  F.  R.  8. 

Kew                     ^i 

■           1848  Mar. 

8. 

Prof.  Heury. 

Princeton,  Uni- . 

ted  Stat€s        H 

H          1853  April 

6. 

Major*fleQ.    Sir   H.  C.  Rawliasoiij  K. 

^H 

C.  B.,  F.  R.  S.,  B.  C.  L. 

LondoE              ^B 

H          1854  Ang. 

2. 

Col    Sir  Proby  T,  Cautley,  K.  C.  B., 

^H 

F.  R.  S. 

London              ^H 

H           1858  July 

6. 

B.  U,  Hodgson,  Esq. 

Europe        ^^^^M 

■           1859  Mur. 

2 

The  Hon'ble  Sir  J.  W.  Colvile,  Kt. 

Europe        ^^^H 

■           1860     „ 

7. 

Prol  Max  Mullet, 

Oxford         ^^M 

■           1860  Nov. 

7. 

Mons.  Stanislas  Julien. 

^^M 

■           I860      ,. 

7. 

Br.  Robert  Wight. 

London        ^^^1 

■           I860      „ 

7. 

Edward  Thomas,  Es^, 

Loudon             ^H 

■           I860      „ 

7 

Br.  Aloys  Sprenger* 

Germany           ^| 

■           1860      „ 

7, 

Br.  Albrerbt  Weber. 

Berlin                 ■ 

■           1865  Sent. 

6 

Kdwartl  Blytb,  Esq, 

Europe              ^H 

■            1868  Feb. 

5 

Genl  A.  CunDingbam. 

Lnudon              ^H 

H            1868     „ 

5. 

Prof.  Bapu  Deva  Sisiru 

Benares              ^M 

■           1868     „ 

5. 

Dr.  T.  Thomson, F.R8.,F,L.S.,P.G.S, 

Loudon              I^B 

■           1868  Sept. 

2. 

A.  Grote,  Esq.,  0.  8. 

London             ^^ 

XV 


LIST  OF  CORRESPONDING  MEMBERS. 


D«le«r£l«elloa. 

^H 

1844  Oct.     2: 

Macgowan,  Dr.  J., 

En  rope                ^^^H 

1 185B  JuDe  4. 

Kramer,  Herr  A,  von, 

Alexandria          ^^^^| 

■    1856      ,,     4. 

Porter,  The  Rev.  J  , 

Dam         3            ^^^^1 

■    1^56     ,,      4. 

Schlagintweit,  Herr  H.  von, 

Bavaria                 ^^^^| 

■     1856      „      4. 

Sniitb,  Dr.  E., 

Beyrout               ^^^^| 

V     1856      „      4. 

Tflilor,  J.,  Esq., 

Bnssorah             ^^^^| 

1856      „      4. 

Wilson,  Dr., 

Bombay               ^^^^| 

^     1857  Mar,    4 

Ncitner,  J.,  Esq., 

Ceylon                  ^^^^| 

■     1858  Mar.    3. 

Schlagintweit,  Herr  R.  von, 

Giesen                  ^^^^^ 

■     1859  Nov.    2. 

Frederick,  Dn  H., 

Batavia               ^^^^M 

■     1859  May.    4. 

Bleeker,  Dr.  H., 

Bat  a  via               ^^^^| 

■     1860  Feb.     1. 

Baker,  The  Rev.  H., 

E.  Malabar         ^^H 

■     1860             1. 

Swinhoe,  R.,  Esq.,  II.  M/s  Consul, 

^^^^H 

■     1860  April  4. 

Hang,  Dr.  M., 

Punah                 ^^^^1 

■     1861  July    a< 

Gosehe,  Dr.  R., 

^^H 

■     1862  Mar.    5' 

Murray,  A.»  Esq., 

London               ^^^^| 

■     1868  Jan.  15* 

Qoldfitucker,  Br.  T., 

London               ^^^^| 

■     1868  July    4* 

Barnes,  R*  H.,  Esq., 

Ceylon                ^^^^| 

■     1866  May    7- 

Schlagintweit,  Pror.  E.  von, 

Munidi               ^^^^1 

"^      1866     „      7, 

Sherring,  Tlie  Rev.  M.  A., 

^^^^1 

^      1868  Feb.    5. 

Foucaux,  M.  F.  IL, 

^^^^1 

■     1868     H      5. 

Holmboe,  Prof*, 

Christiania         ^^^H 

1 

LIST  OF  ASSOCIATE  MEMBERS.                          ^^| 

■    IS86  Oct.    7. 

Stephenson,  J.,  Esq*, 

Europe               ^^^H 

■     1833  Fob.    7. 

Koramnt  Ali,  Saied., 

^^H 

■     1843  Dec.    6. 

Long,  The  Rev.  J., 

^^^1 

■      1865  May    8. 

Dall,  The  Rev.  C.  H.  A., 

Calcutta             ^^^1 

k 

ELECTIONS  IN  1869. 

^H 

^^^F                                                       OrDINAEY    MEMBERS. 

^^M 

^      C.  C.  Adley,  Fisq.,  C.  E. 

Dam  Dnm                  ^^^H 

,           Br.  P  F.  Bollew. 

Madras                         ^^^^| 

H       A,  Cadell,  Esq.,  0.  S. 

Mo^atfamagar             ^^^^| 

^1        Sird&r  Attar  Sing  B&bddur* 

^^H 

■^       Di,  J.  B.  Baxter. 

Port  Canning              ^^^^H 

The  Rev.  J.  P.  Ashton. 

Calcntta                        ^^^H 

F.  Drew,  Esq. 

Jamniu                         ^^^^| 

Thrikura  Griprasida  Sing. 

Alligltur                      ^^^^1 

J.  Pick  ford,  Esq. 

B                         ^^^^1 

^       Babn  Prat^pchandra  Qho^ha. 

Calcutta                       ^^^M 

■       The  Hon'ble  J.  Strachey. 

Ik   . 

Calcutta                     ^^^H 

L.  Schwendler,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

T.  Thomas,  Esq. 

Lacknow 

Dr.  F.  Day. 

Madras 

The  Rev.  C.  Haeberlin. 

Chhota  Nagpur 

M.  L.  Ferrar,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Oudh 

E.  D.  Lockwood,  Esq.,  0.  S. 

Tipperah 

Moulavie  Kabiruddin  Ahmad. 

Calcutta 

R.  A.  Gubboy,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

R.  J.  Leeds,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Mirzdpur 

8.  Kurz,  Esq. 

Botanical  Garden, 

Sibpdr 

G.  Nevill,  Esq.,  0.  M.  Z.  S. 

Calcutta 

Lient.-Col.  D.  J.  T.  Newall,  R.  A. 

Mean  Meer 

W.  Oldham,  Esq.,  LL.  D.,  G.  S. 

Ghazipur 

J.  Schroeder,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

J.  C.  Leupolt,  Esq.,  0.  S. 

Azimghar 

T.  W.  Rawlins,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Allahabad 

Bdbu  Udayach&nda  Datta. 

Purulia,  Manbhum 

W.  C.  Bonneijee,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

J.  M.  Coates,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

Hazdribfigh 

Robert  Gordon,  Esq.,  C   S. 

Uenzaday,  British, 

Burmah 

C.  E.  Lyall,  Esq.,  C.  S.,  B.  A. 

Bulandshahr 

A.  M.  Markham,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Bijnour 

A.  V   Nursing  Rao,  Esq. 

Vizagapatam 

S   Pell,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

Lieut.  J.  C.  Ross,  R  E. 

Meerut 

Prince   Jali^n    Q^dr   Mirzd  Muhamad  Wdhid- 

611  Bahddur. 

Calcutta 

W.  Selbach,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

Capt.  G.  E.  Fryer. 

Amherst  British 

Burmah 

J.  H.  Fisher,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Muttra 

E.  Hyde,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

Babu  Yadul^la  Mallika. 

Calcutta 

Geo.  Latham,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Calcutta 

J.  Westland,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Jessore 

A.  Allardyce,  Esq 

Serampore 

J.  G   Delmerick,  Esq. 

RavYul  Pindi 

A.  D.  B.  Gomes,  Esq. 

Sundarbans 

B.  Gray,  Esq.,  M.  B. 

Labor 

A.  Thomson,  Esq. 

Faiz6bdd 

R.  A.  Barker,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

Serampore 

Lieut.  W.  J.  A.  Wallace,  R.  E. 

Calcutta 

XVll 


LOSS  OF  MEMBERS  DURING  1869, 
By  retirement. 


The  Hon'ble  0.  P.  Hobhouse. 

A.  Anderson,  Esq. 

Col.  H.  Hopkinson. 

J.  Agabeg,  Esq. 

Capt.  A.  PuUan. 

B^bn  Keddran&tha  Mukarjea. 

T.  Martin,  Esq.,  0.  E. 

Lieut.-Co.,  P.  S.  Lumsden. 

Capt.  W.  J.  W.  Muir. 

A.  E.  Russell,  Esq.,  C,  S. 

A.  Mackenzie,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

E.  B.  Harris,  Esq.,  C.  E. 

G.  W.  Olive,  Esq.,  M  D. 

E.  Bonavia,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

The  Rev.  J.  Barton. 

B&bn  Bhol&n&tha  Chandra. 

W.  A.  D.  Anley,  Esq. 

J.  B.  N.  Hennesay,  Esq. 

B^bu  Digdmvara  Mitra. 

N.  S.  Alexander,  Esq.,  0.  S. 

Dr.  C.  R.  Francis. 

D.  R.  Onslow,  Esq. 


Calcntta 

Fyzabad 

Assam 

Calcntta 

Dera  Dhun 

Calcntta 

Midnapur 

Simla 

Abn,  Rajpntana 

Bnrdwan 

Calcutta 

Bnrdwan 

Nagpur 

Lncknow 

Calcutta 

Calcntta 

Chapra,  S&ran 

Mussnri 

Calcutta 

Fureedpur 

Sagor 

Calcutta 


By  the  election  being  cancelled. 

H.  E.  Perkins,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Hoshy^rpur,  Panj^b 

J.  W.  Chisholm,  Esq. 

Bilaspur 

Major  W.  A.  Ross. 

Simla 

R.  H.  Renny,  Esq 

Goalpara 

By  death. 

Lieut.  Col.  C  D.  Newmarch,  R.  E. 

Oudh 

C.  Oldham,  Esq. 

Madras 

J.  B.  Nelson,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

J.  G.  Hicks,  Esq. 

Labor 

Rdjd  Satyasarana  Ghoshdla,  C.  S.  I. 

Bhumkail&5 

B&bu  S&rad&pras&da  Mukarjea. 

Baraset 

The  Rev.  M.  D.  C.  Walters. 

Calcutta 

[appendix.] 


ABSTRACT  STATEMENT  ^ 

OF 

RECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMENTS 

OF  THE 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OP  BENGAL 

FOB 

THE  YEAE  1869. 


STATEMENT 
Abstract  of  the  Cash  Account 


RECEIPTS. 

Admission  Febs. 
Beceived  from  New  Members,    ...  Es.    1,632    0    0 

Contribution. 
Beceived  from  Members,...  ..    9,180  12    0 


1869.  1868. 

1,632    0    0   1,280    0    0 


9,180  12    0   9,771  12    0 


Journal. 
Sale  proceeds  of  Journal  and  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Asiatic  Society,  ...       639  15     0 
Snbscription  to  ditto,       ...  ..,       917     0     0 
Refund  of  Postage  Stamps,  ...         36  14    0 
Ditto  of  Freight,                ...                  ..  9     0     0 
Commission  received  from  tbo  Baptist 
Mission     Press     on     the     printing 
charges,      ...                  ...                 ...         33  12     6 


Library. 

Sale  proceeds  of  Books,   ... 

491 

4 

0 

Ditto  of  Mahabharata,  Vol.  III. 

16 

0 

0 

Ditto  of  a  Copy  of  Index  to  ditto,      ... 

3 

0 

0 

Befund  of  Postage  Stamps, 

4 

2 

0 

Ditto  of  Freight, 

23 

0 

0 

Beceived   from   the   Indian    Mnsenm 

Sale  proceeds  of  a  Teak  wood  Almira 

&c., 

215 

0 

0 

1,636    9    6    1,425     2    3 


Secretary's  Office. 

Befund  of  Packing  Charges,  ...           12     6 

Ditto  of  Postage  Stamps,  ...           110 

Ditto  of  Paper    supplied   to  Pandita, 

(Consvn.  of  Sans.  MSS.)  1  10     0 

Ditto  from  Cashier,  his  excess  of  Salary 

for  August  last,            ...  ...           5     0    0 


752    6    0      479  11    6 


General  Establishment. 
Beceived  lino,  ...  ,.  16    0 


Vested  Fund. 
Beceived  Interest  on  the  Government 
Securities  from  the  Bank  of  Bengal 
for  one  year  at  5i  per  cent,  on  Bs. 
2000, 


110    0     0 


Museum  Catalogue, 
Befund     from     the    Indian    Museum 
of  half  the  amount  of  a  Bill  for  Rs. 
791-10-9  for  drawing  out   an  inven- 
tory of  the  collections,... 


395  13     4 


8  13     6         15     2     0 


16    0  1  11 


110    0    0       110    0     0 


393  13     4 


Carried  over,  Bs.  13,717  12    4 


XXI 

No.  1. 

of  the  Asiatic  Society  for  1869. 


DISBURSEMENTS. 

Contributions.  1869  1868 

Befond  of  Contribation  to  Major  H.  B. 

Thuillier,    ...  ...  Bs.        60    0    0 

Pee  for  getting  a  Money  Order  for  the 

above,  ..  ...  0  12    0 

Commission  on   Collecting    Sabscrip- 

tion  bills,    ...  ...  ...         44    4    0 

Befund  of  Contribation    to  S.   Lobb, 

Esq.,  ...         •       ...  ...         24    0    0 


Journal. 

Freight  for  sending  Journal  and  Pro- 
ceedings to  Messrs.  Williams  and 
Norgate,     ...  ...  ...         76    0    0 

Lithographing  and  Engraving  charges 


129    0    0        60    5    3 


Ac., 

124    6    0 

Printing  charges. 

6,433  14    0 

Purchase  of  Postage  Stamps, 

148     2     0 

Commission  on  the  Sale  of  Books,     . . 

73    4    0 

Packing  charges. 

4    8    0 

BindiDg  a  Book  for  the  stock  of  the 

Journal, 

4    6    0 

Petty  charges, 

5  15    6 

Library. 

Salary  of  the  Librarian,  ... 

840    0    0 

Establishment, 

120    0     0 

Commission  on  Sale  of  Books, 

42     7     3 

Purchase  of  Books, 

1,052  10     0 

Landing  charges  on  parcels  received 

from  Europe, 

20    0    6 

Book  binding, 

2ul     4    0 

Salary  of  a  Ticca  writer  for  arranging 

the  Library, 

28    0    0 

Ditto  of  a  Ticca  Duffcory  for  do.  do.  — 

9    8    0 

Printing  charges. 

4    0    0 

Bearing  postage, 

1  14    0 

Petty  charges. 

9    0    9 

Secretary's  Ofpick. 

General  Establishment,  ... 

29*    0    0 

Secretary's  Office  Establishment, 

1,468    0    0 

Purchase  of  Postage  Stamps, 

49  14     2 

Ditto  of  Stationery, 

23     2     0 

Insufficient  postage. 

3  11     0 

Bearing  postage. 

0  10    0 

Binding  Letter  files,  Ac.  .. 

10     0     0 

Purchaseof  a  Sheet  Almanac, 

2     0    0 

Ditto  of  Army  List, 

25     0    0 

6,870    7    6   7,807     8    9 


2,328  12     6    2,830    8  11 


1,876    5    2 
Carried  over,  Bs.   9,828    4    0 


Miscellaneous. 

Beftind  of  Banghy  expenses  from  the 
Indian  Masoam  on  a  box  of  agate 
and  flint  implements,  ...  8    2 

Ditto  ditto  on  a  box  of  specimens,     . .  7    8 


XXU 

BEGEIPTS.  1869.  1868. 

Bronght  over,  Re.  13,717  12    4 


Indian  Museum. 
Befand   of  the   amonnt  paid   for  the 
Coral  case  as  per  Higgs  and  Haider, 
Bill  No.   110  on  the  15th  February 
last,  ...  ...  ...       300    0    0 


Postage  Stamp  Account. 
Beceived  from  Wallieoolah  Sycd,  being 

the  Balance  of  Postage  Stamps,    ...         21  13    4 


Commission  Account. 
Beceived   commission  on  purchase  of 
Postage  for  Bs.  25-0-0  at  i  anna  per 
Bupee,        ...  ...  ..  0  12    6 


16  11    0 


0    0 


21  13    4 


0  12    6 


Messrs.  Williams  and  Koroate. 
Sale  proceeds   of  a  Copy  of  Matapari- 

ksha,  ...  ...  0    8     0 

Beceived  from  Sycd  Ker6mat61i  being 

the  price  of  2  Copies  of  Eamil,  Vol. 

Ill  and  IV.  ...  6     0    0 

Beceived   by   transfer    to  the  Library 

and   Miscellaneous   account   as  per 

thoir   order  on    Messrs.  (jillanders, 

Arbuthnot  and  Co.  paid  on  the  28th 

August    1869,   £100   at    I-IO-J  per 

Bupee,        ...  ...  ...    1,054  15    0 


1,061     7    0   2,132  11     8 


O.  P.  Fund. 
Befuud  of  the  amonnt  paid  for  printing 

charges     to     the     Baptist    Mission 

Press  on  the  16th  July  1868,  ...  5     0     0 

Ditto   ditto   paid   on   the   30th   June 

1809,  ...  ...         64     6     9 

Beceived  by   transfer  to 

Messrs,     Williams   and 

Norrrato,  Sale  proceeds 

of  Bibliotheca  Indica,  .       765     0     0 
Less  paid  them  for  freight, 

advertising  charges  and 

commission,  ...     394  12     0 


370     4    0 


Bev    H.    A.   Jaschke's,   sale   proceeds 

of  his  Thibetan  Grammar,  31  15     0 


429    9    9      489  12     8 
31  15    0 


Carried  over,  R».  15,579    0  11 


DISBURSEMENTS 

. 

1869. 

Brought  over,  Bs. 
...    1,876    5    2 
12    0    0 
...       563    9    6 
11  15    0 

9,328    4 

9.AjR5i   1ft 

Ditto  of  Directory, 
Prindng  charges. 
Petty  charges, 

Vested  Fund. 
Pd.   Commission  to  the  Bank  of  Ben- 
gal  for   drawing     Interest   on   the 
Government  Securities,  ...  0    4    4 

Conservation  of  Sanscrit  MSS, 
Salary  of  the  Travelling  Pandita,  . 
Ditto     for     Compiling     Catalogue   of 

Sanscrit  MSS. 
Travelling  allowance, 
Transcribing    the   Ekdmvara  PurHna 

from  Uria  to  Nagri, 
Stationery, 
Printing    2000     Copies    of   Sanscrit 

Tabular  Form, 
Copying  MSS. 
Binding  Sanscrit  MSS.    . 
A  Japanned  Paper  Box,  . 
Postage  for    sending    letters   &o    to 

Travelling  Pandita, 
Banghy  Expenses  for  sending  MS. 

Miscellaneous. 
Salary  of  the  Mali, 
Meeting  Charges,  including  Oil,  &c., 
Advertising  Charges, 
Bailway  Charges  on  a   Box  of  agate 

and  flint  implements,   ... 
Ditto  ditto  on  a  Box  of  Specimens,  ... 
Purchase  of  a  Petty   Charges  Book, 
Bepairing  the  Clock, 

Fee  for  Stamping  25  cheques,  ...  _     . 

Proportional   Exchange  on   a   Bill  of 

£100,  ...  ...  ...         54  15    0 

Petty  charges,  ...  ...         27  14    9 

Indian  Museum. 
Pd.  Higgs  and  Haider  for  supplying, 

a  Teakwood  polished  Coral  case,  ...       300    0    0 


106    0 

0 

87    0 

0 

61     8 

6 

32    0 

0 

31  15 

0 

70    0 

0 

40    0 

0 

11  10 

9 

11     3 

9 

> 

4    4 

6 

3     0 

0 

57    0 

0 

2(  0  10 

3 

27     8 

0 

8    2 

0 

7    8 

3 

1     2 

0 

30     0 

0 

1     9 

0 

Catalogue  of  Persian  MSS. 
Pd.   Mnnshi  Abdul  Uakim  his  Salary, 
fcr    Cataloguing    the    Persian    and 
Arabic  MSS.  in  November  last,     . .         30    0    0 


Zoological  Garden. 
Pd.  Printing  Charges,      ...  ...         12    0    0 


1868. 


8   2,037  14    0 


0    4    4  0    4    4 


458  10    6 


416    5    3      577    4    0 


300    0    0 


30    0    0 
12    0    0 


Carried  over,  Rs.  13,009     5    9 


C.  HoBNE,  Esq. 
Befnnd   of  the   amonnts  paid  on  the 

15th  July  1867  and  16th  July  1868,  7     9    0 


XXIV 

RECEIPTS.  1869.  1868. 

Brought  over,  Es.  15,579    0  11 


Babu  RajendralXla  Mitra. 
Refund  of  the  amount  paid  on  the  Sth 

December   1868  and  Ist  June  1869,  8    0    0 


Dr.  a  M.  Verchere. 
Refund   of  Postage   Stamps  paid  for 

sending  Library  Books,  ...  0     9     0 


7     9    0 


8    0    0 


MouLvi  Abdul  Luteep  Ehan. 
Refund   of  the   amount  paid   on   the 

11th  December  1868,  ...  ...  18     0 

TnE  Secretart  or  the  Elphinstonk  Institution. 
Refund   of  the   amount   paid   on   the 
3uth  April  1869, 

Babu  Udayachanda  Datta. 
Refund   of  Postage    Stamps   paid  for 
sending  Library  Books, 

E.  0.  Batley,  Esq. 
Refund     of    Banghy    Expenses    and 
Postage  &c.,  for  sending  Books, 

H.  Blochmann,  Esq. 
Refund    of  the   amount  paid   on  the 
loth  September  1868,  .. 

Prasanna  Clmara  Thakura. 
Refund   of  Freight   paid   for  sending 
Books    to   England   on   the  8th  De- 
comber  1868,  ...  ...         12     8    0 


0    9    0 


2     0 

0 

0  11 

0 

I 

11     1 

0 

5 

2     0 

0 

18    0 


2    0    0 


0  11     0 


11     1     0 


2    0    0 


J.  G.  Dklmerick,  Esq., 

Rccoivetl  in  dcptjsit, 

6     6    0 

Refund    of  Postau^e   Stamps  for  send« 

ing  Library  Books, 

12    0 

GoVKRNilENT   NoRTH    WESTERN    PROVINCES. 

Refund  of  Freight  for  sending  Journal 

and  Proceeding  of  1868,  ...  12  11     0 


G.  Shelveuton,  Esq. 
Refund  of  the  amount  paid  for  cashing 

his  draft,     ...  ...  ...  0     5     9 


W    Oldram,  Esq. 
Refund   of  the  amount  paid  for  on  the 

3lBt  May,   ...  ...  ...  2  11     0 

Ditto  of  Freight,  ...  ...  4     0     0 


12     8     0 


7     8     0 


12  11     0 


0     5     9 


6  11     0 


Carried  over,  Rs.  15,652     2     8 


XXV 

DISBUKSEMENTS.  1869.  18C8. 

Bronght  over,  Bs.  13,009    6    9 


Building. 

Pd.  AssesBment,  ...  ..  456    0  0 

Ditto  Lighting  rate,  ...  ...  96    0  0 

Ditto  Polioo  rate,  ..  ...  144    0  0 

Ditto  Petty  charges,  ...  ...  1  12  0 


Messrs.  Williams  and  Norgate. 
Paid    Book    Postage   for  sendiug   14 

parcels  of  Books,  ..  ...  8    8    6 

Do.  Messrs.     Gillanders,     Arbntlinot 

and   Co.   as   per   their  order  £100 

at  1  s.  10^  d,  per  Bapce,  ...    1,054  15    0 

Do.  by  transfer 

on  account  of 

SaleofBiblio- 

theca  Indica,  £76  10    0 
Deduct  fi-eight, 

advertising  & 

Commission 

charges,      ...  £39    9    6 


£37    0    6Rs.  370    4    0 


Do.  do.  on  ac- 
count of  Sale 
of  Library's 
Books  and 
Journal  Asi- 
atic Society 
£5-5-10  at  2s.     52  14    0 

Deduct  10  per 
cent.  com- 
mission,     ...       6    4    0    47  10    0 


697  12    0    1,136    8    8 


417  14    0 


1,481    5    6   1,955    0    0 


O.  P.  Fund. 
Paid  on  Loan,  ...  ...        79    3    0 


BXbu  RajendralXla  Mitra. 
Paid   to  the  Baptist  Mission  Press  for 

printing  charges,  ...  ...  2     0    0 


Babu  UDAYAcnXxDA  Datta. 
Paid   Postftge     Stamps    for    sending 

Library  Books,  ..  ...  0  11    0 


79    3    0 


2    0    0 


0  11     0 


E.  C.  Bayley,  Esq. 
Paid  Postage   and   Bangby  expenses 
for  sending  Books,        ...  ...         11     1     0        11     1    0 


Carried  over.  Eg.  15,281     6    3 


XXVI 

RECEIPTS.  1869.  1868. 

Brought  over,  Bs.  15,652    2    8 
Curator  of  the  Biddell  Museum. 
Rooeived  in  deposit,         ...  ...         12    0    0 


P.  S.  Geowse,  Esq. 
Rofnnd  of  the  amounts  paid  on  the 
Slst  January  1867  and  81st  January 
1869,  ..  ..  ...  10    0 

Dr.  G.  W.  Cline. 
Refund  of  the  amount  paid  on  the 
30th  June  1868,  ...  ...  0    3    0 


M.  Macauliffe,  Esq. 
Refund  of  the   amount  paid   on   the 

30th  November  1868,  ...  ...  0    3    0 


Major  F.  W.  Stubbs. 
Received  in  deposit,         ..  ••  1  12    0 


G.  Nevill,  Esq. 
Refund  of  the   amounts   paid   on  the 

7th  July  and  1st  September  1869,...  2     6    0 

Major  McHahon. 
Received  in  deposit,         ...  ...  0    6    0 

R.  H.  Wilson,  Esq. 
Received  in  deposit,         ...  ...  17    0 


S.  KuRZ,  Esq. 
Refund   of  the   amount   paid   on  the 

7th  July  1869,  ...  ...  4     4    0 

W.  L.  Heeley,  Esq. 
Refund  of  the  amouut  paid  on  the  31st 

May  1869,—  ...  ...  18     0 

Dr.  J.  Fayrer. 
Refund  of  the  amount  paid  on  the  1st 
June  1869,  ..  ...  ...  6     8    0 


A.  S.  Harrison,  Esq. 
Received  from  him  for  Books  supplied         11     2     0 


12    0  0 

10  0 

0    8  0 

0  3  0 

1  12  0 

2  6  0 
0    6  0 

17  0 

4    4  0 

18  0 


B.  Quarttch,  Esq. 
Received  in  deposit,        ...  ...  0    9    0 

Capt.  M.  W.  Cabr, 
Received  in  deposit,        ••  ...  4    2    0 


8.  LoBB,  Esq. 
Received  in  deposit,        ...  ...  6    6    0 


6 

8 

0 

11 

2 

0 

0 

9 

0 

4 

2 

0 

6 

6 

0 

Carried  over,  Rs.  15,705  14    8 


ZZYU 

DISBURSEMENTS.  1869.  1868. 

Brought  oyer,  Bs.  15,281    6    3 


H.  Bloghmank,  Esq. 
Vtdd    freight    for  Bending  Booka  to 

England,    ..  ...  ...  0  10    0 

Do.  to  the  Baptist  Kission  Press  for 

printing  char^^es,  ...  3    0    0 

Do.   Books  purchased  through  A.  S. 

Ilarrison,  Esq.y  ...  ...  6    7    0 

J.  G.  Delmerick,  Esq. 

Paid  Postage  for  sending  Library 
Books,        ...  ...  ...  1     '1     ^ 

Refunded  the  amount  by  Postage 
Stamps  rocoivod  on  tho  10th  Sep- 
tember, 1869,  ...  ...  6    6    0 

GOYERinCENT  NoETH  WESTERN   PROVINCES. 

Paid  freight  for  sending  Journal  and 

Proceedings  for  1869,  ...  ...         18    2    0 

G,  Shelyeeton,  Esq. 
Paid  discount  for  cashing  his  draft, ...  0    4    0 

W.  Oldham,  Esq. 
Paid   Postage  and  freight  for  sending 
Library  Books,  Ac.;     ...  ...  7    7    0 

F.  S.  Growse,  Esq. 

Paid    Postage    for    sending    Libraxy 

Books,         ...  ...  ...  0  15    0 

Db.  G.  W.  Cline. 
Paid  by  transfer  to  tho  Asiatic  Society,        10    0    0 

Major  F.  W.  Stubbs. 
P^d  Bullock- train  hire  and  packing 

charges  for  sendiug  Library  Books,  6    2     8 

G.  Nevill,  Esq. 

Paid  to  tho  Baptist  Mission  Press  for 

printing  charges,  ...  ...  2    6    0 

S.  Euitz,  Esq. 
Paid  to  the  Baptist  Mission  Press, 

for  printing  charges,    ...  ...  4    4    0 


Dr.  J.  Fatreb. 
Paid  to  the  Baptist  Mission  Press,  for 
printing  charges,  ••  ...  6    8    0 


10    1    0 


7  8  0 

18  2  0 

0  4  0 

7  7  0 

0  16  0 

10  0  0 

5  2  3 

2  6  0 

4  4  0 


W.  L.  Heelet,  Esq. 
Paid   Bancrhy    expenses   for    sending 

Library  Books,  ...  ...  18    0  18    0 


6    8    0 


CaiTied  over,  Ba.  16,365    7    6 


XXVUI 

RECEIPTS.  1869.  1868. 

Brought  over,  Bs.  15,705  14    8 
H.  F.  Blanfobd,  Esq. 
Befond  of  freight  paid   for  sending 

44  Parcels  of  Books  to  England,   ..  14    0    0 

14    0    0 

Walliullah  Sted. 
Beceiyed    by    transfer    the    Postage 

Stamp,       ...  ...  ...         39    9    2 

89    9    2 

Db.  T.  Oldham. 
Befond  of  the  amount  paid  on  the  5th 

October,  1868,  ...  ...  5    5    0 

5    5    0 


Carried  over,  Bs.  15,764  12  10 


xzix 

DISBTJBSEMBNTS.  1869.  1868. 

Brought  oyer,  Bs.  15,855    7    6 


B.  F.  Blantord,  Esq. 
Paid  freight  for  sending  44  parcels 

to  England,  ...  ...        14    0    0 


Walliullah  Stsd. 
Paid  Postage  exx>en8es    for    current 

expenditure,  ..  ...       119  12  10 


Dr.  T.  Oldha¥. 
Paid  to  the  Baptist  Mission  Press,  for 

printing  charges,  ...  ...  5    5    0 


Lt.-Col.  a,  S.  Allan. 
Paid  by  transfer  to   the  Asiatic  So- 
ciety on  account  of  contributions, ...  7    4    0 


W.  Stokes,  Esq. 
Paid  proportional  freight  and  postage 
for  sending  Books,        ...  ...  0    5    0 

Major  H.  H.  Godwin-Avsten. 
Paid     Postage  for  sending  a  parcel 

receiyed  from  London,  ...  0    10 


Dr.  p.  Stoliczka. 
Paid  to  the  Baptist  Mission  Press,  for 
printing  charges,  ...  ...  8  12    0 

W.  T.  Blanford,  Esq. 
Paid  to  the  Baptist  Mission  PresSy  for 
printing  charges,         ..  ...  2    0    0 

Madras  Club. 
Paid    discount    for  cashing  Madraa 

Currency  note,  ••  ...  0    4    0 

G.  E.  Knox,  Esq. 
Paid  Postage    for    sending    Library 

Books,       ..  ...  ...  0  12    0 


Col.  C.  L.  Showers. 
Paid  exchange  to  the  Uncorenanted 

Seryice  Bank  on  his  draft  for  Bs.  72,  10    0 


W.  A.  Byrne,  Esq. 
Paid  Madan  Mistry  for  making  two 

Insect  Boxes,  ...          4    8    0 

Do.  freight  for  sending  do.  • .           2  12    0 

Bey.  H.  A.  Jaeschke. 

Befanded    the    amount    to  Messrs. 

Sohroeder,  Smith  and  Co.,  ..         34    5    0 


14    0    0 


119  12  10 


5    5    0 


7    4    0 


0    6    0 


0    10 


8  12    0 


2    0    0 


0    4    0 


0  12    0 


10    0 


7    4    0 


84    5    0 


Carried  oyer,  Bs.  15,556    8    4 


XXX 


RB0BIPT8.  1869.  1868, 

Brought  over,  Ra.  15,764  12  10 
Balance  of  1868. 
In  the  Bank  of  Bengal,  ...  ...    2^1  lo    9 

Cash  in  hand,  ...  ...        92    9    7 

2,354    4    4 


Rs.  18,119    1    Z 


mSBUBSEMENTS.  1869.  18G9. 

Bronght  oyer,  Bs.  15,556    8    4 


t)K.  J.  MuiK. 
Paid  Bev.  K.  M.  Baneijea,  ...      101    6    0 

Lt.  H.  a.  Speabhan. 
Paid  froighfc  and  packing  charges  for 

sending  Journal,      ...  ..  7     8    0 

W.  Theobald,  Esq. 
Paid  freight  and  packing  charges  for 

sending  Library  lirjoks,  ...  7  12    8 


W.  DuTHoiT,  Esq. 
Paid  Banghy  expenses  and  packing 

charges  fur  sending  Books,  ...  2  14    0 


Col.  E.  T.  Dalton. 
Paid  Banghy  expenses  for  sending 

Photographs,  ...  ...  0  10    3 


Col.  E.  T.  Dalton,  Ethnoloot  of  Bengal. 
Paid  Banghy  expenses  and  packing 
charges  for  sending  Photographs, . .  3    0    0 

Jaices  Beahes,  Esq., 
Paid    Banghy  expenses  for  sending 

Library  Book,  ...  ...  16    0 


101    6    0 


7    8    0 


7  12    3 


2  14    0 


0  10    3 


8    0    0 


16    0 


Balance. 
In  the  Bank  of  Bengal 

account  Dr.  J.  Mnir,  898  10    0 

Do.  do.  Asiatic  Society,   1,411    4    7 


15,681    0  10 


2,309  14    7 


Cash  in  hand,  ...  ..       128    1    9 

2,438    0    4 


Bs.       18,119    1    2 


Examined,  Errors  and  Omissions  excepted, 

8d.  PratApachandra  Ghosh  a.  Sd.  Buddinath  Btsack, 

•    Asst.  Seery,  Cashier, 

Asiatic  Society,  Bengal.  Asiatic  Society,  Eengat 

Audited  and  found  correct, 

R.  Temple,  K.  0.  S.  I. 
D.  Waldie,  F.  C.  8. 


XJiXll 


STATEMENT 
Abstract  of  the  Cash  Account 


EEOEIPTS. 

Oriental  Publication. 

Received  by  Sale  of  Bibliotheca  Indica,  2,798  12  6 

Ditto  by  Subscription  to  do.               ...  143  14  0 

Ditto  by  Sale  of  Srauta  Sutra,          ...  67     0  0 
Befand  of  commission    on    Sale    of 

Books  from  P.  Ghosha,                    ...  2     8  0 

Ditto  of  postage  and  packing  charges,  74  12  0 


Government  Allowance. 
Beceived   from   the  General  Treasury 
at  500  Bupees  per  month. 


Ditto  ditto  additional  grant  for  the 
publication  of  Sanscrit  works  at 
250  Bupees  per  do.  from  April  to 
November  1869, 

Vested  Fund. 
Beceived  Interest  on  the  Government 

Securities  the  Bank  of  Bengal, 
Ditto  by  Sale  of  Government  Security, 
Ditto  Premium  by  Sale  of  ditto. 
Ditto  Interest  by  Sale  of  ditto, 


212  8 

0 

,  1,500  0 

0 

136  14 

0 

15  10 

0 

Custody  of  Oriental  Publications. 
Befund   from   the   Cashier  his  excess 
Salary  for  August  1869, 


79  3 

0 

55  0 

0 

8  9 

0 

35  0 

0 

2  5 

0 

11  13 

0 

86  2 

0 

6  0 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  2 

0 

30  0 

0 

0  2 

0 

50  0 

0 

11  15 

0 

326  13     0 . 


1869. 


1868. 


3,076  14    6  2,938    7    8 


6,000    0    0 


6,000    0    0   6,000    0    0 


2,000    0    0 


2,000    0    0 


1,865    0    0   4,4iq    6    1 


2    8    0 


AiN  I  A'kbari. 
Beceived  from  the  Right  Hon'ble  tho 
Secretary  of  State  for  India  for  the 
additioual  Grant  to  the  Asiatic  So- 
ciety towards  the  publication  of  the 
Ain  i  Akbari,  ...  ...    5,000    0    0 


Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal, 
Maha  Raja  Pertap  Sing, ... 
V.  B.  Soobiah,  Esq., 
K.  Roghu  Nath  Row, 
Kalidasa  Mookerjea, 
Challapali  Rangaiya, 
Tbakura  Giriprasdd, 
Damura  Vallabha, 
V.  M.  Pundit, 
F.  Samasa  Charyar,  Esq., 
Babu  Brajabhushana  Dasa, 
J.  Pickford,  Esq., 
Desia  Santgram  Sivakram, 
Kesavachandra  Acharji, 


2    8    0        14    7    0 


5,000    0    0 


Carried  over,  Rs.  17,944    6    3 


TTTin 


No.  2. 

OrienM  Fund  for  ISeS. 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

IS^^K            l^^ 

Okizttal  Ptelicatioxs. 

Ttad  commisaion  on  the  Sale  of  Books, 

2S0  12 

6 

Freight,          ...                 .•• 

2iH?  12 

0 

Packing  charsres. 

61     3 

0 

Purchase  of  Postage  Stamps, 

IW  13 

6 

AdTertising  charges. 

217     0 

0 

Paper  for  printing  Bibliothcca  Indica, 

;iS     1 

0 

Pettj  charges. 

12  10 

6 

— 

— 

1,136    4    6    1,1^>  11 

Vested  Fuxp. 

Paid  commission  to  the  Bank  of 
Bengal  for  drawing  interest  on  the 
Crovemment  Securities,  ...  0    8    6 

Ditto    on    selling    the    Government 

Security,    ...  ...  ...  4    2     1 

Ditto  Brokerage  for  do.  ...  ...  1  14    0 

Ditto  fee  for  renewing  the  Govern- 
ment Security,  ...  ...  2    0    0 


CrsTODT  OF  Oriental  Wokks. 

Paid  Salary  of  tho  Librarian, 

360    0 

0 

626  12 

9 

Book  binding, 

30  12 

0 

Binding  2  Stock  Books  with  papers, ... 

52    8 

0 

Fee  to  the  Bank  of  Bengal  for  stamp- 

ing cheques,                 ...                ... 

3    2 

0 

Stationery,    ... 

67    7 

0 

Printing  charges, 

98    8 

0 

Bepairing  2  Book  cases,  ... 

183    0 

0 

Preparing  charges. 

19    9 

6 

24  Tin  Boxes  for  sending  Bibliothcca 

Indica, 

7  10 

0 

Ticca  Duftory  for  arranging  Biblio- 

theca  Indica, 

14    8 

0 

Cart  and  cooloy  hire  for  removing  do., 

22  10 

6 

Petty  charges,  ... 

28    2 

6 

Library. 

Purchase  of  MS3.  and  Books, 

484    4 

6 

Fee  for  getting  4  ^lonoy  Orders  at 

lOORs.  eoch, 

4    0 

0 

Kharooah  cloth  and  piece  board  and 

tape  &c.,  for  binding  MSS. 

15    3 

9 

COPTINO  MSS. 

Copying  charges  for  Persian  MS.,     ... 

71    0 

0 

Papers  for  copying  do.    ... 

6    0 

0 

8    8    7         14    0  10 


1,514  10    8    1,518    5    0 

603    8    8      603    7    0 
77    0    0        37    3    0 


Carried  over,  Rs.   3,239  16    7 


XXXIT 


BECEIPTS. 

1868. 

Brought  forward,  Bs.      32G  13 

017,944    6 

Tirini  Oliarana  GhAckravartf, 

10  10 

0 

Bamakrislina  G.  BhuOakar, 

0  12 

0 

A.  Gadell,  Esq., 

8  14 

0 

J.  n.  Lloyd,  Esq., 

••• 

8  11 

0 

A.  S.  Harrison,  Esq., 

,, 

1    8 

0 

Capt.  Valadeva  Pant, 

,, 

1  14 

0 

P.  Swaminatlia  Jyer, 

•• 

8    4 

0 

H.  D.  Hawkins,  Esq., 

•.. 

0    1 

6 

Bamswami  B.  Eaider, 

... 

12    8 

0 

Pundit  Bnmgoo, 

... 

6  12 

0 
_      S71   11 

Carried  over,  Bs,  18,316    2    0 


xxxv 

DISBURSEMENTS.  1869.  186a, 

Brought  forward,  Bs.  8,249  16    7 
AiN  I  Akbart. 

Paid  Salary  to  Miinshi,   ...                 ...  390    0  0 

Ditto  printing  charges,    ...                 ...  2,133     3  0 

Ditto  16  plates  forth©  Ain  i  Akbari,..,  334    0  0 

Ditto  Enjn^ving  a  plato  for  ditto,     ...  8  11  3 

Ditto  Lettering  on  stones  of  2  plates,  4    0  0 

Ditto  2  copies  of  Ain  i  Akbari,           ...  87    8  0 


Alamoir  NamXh. 
Paid   for  preparing  the  Index  and 
Preface  of  do.  ...  ...         80    0    0 


Tarikhi  Badaoni. 
Paid  Editing  and  printing  charges,   ...       761     0    0 
Ditto  extra  work   in   composing  the 

Preface  of  do.  ...  ...         30    0     0 

MiMAXSA    DaRSANA. 

Paid  Editing  and  printing  charges,   , 

Taittiriya  Brahhana. 
Paid  Editing  charges, 

Grihta  Sutra  of  Aswalayana. 
Paid  Editing  and  printing  charges,  . 

Secundar  NamX  Behari. 
Paid  Editing  charges, 

Taittiriya  Upanishada. 
Paid  Editing  and  printing  charges,  ...       762    0     0 
Ditto   Banghy   expenses   for    sending 

2  parcels  of  do.  ...  ...  5    0    0 


.       331 

2 

0 

144 

0 

0 

613 

4 

0 

75 

0 

0 

Taittiriya  Sanhita  op  the  B.  Y.  Veda. 
Paid  Editing  and  printing  charges,  ...       280  12 


Umar  I  Kheyani. 
Paid  copying  chargoa  of  MS.  ...         15     0    0 


MuNTAKHAD  Ali    LUB.AB  OF  KhAFI  KiIAN. 

Paid  Editing  and  printing  charges,  ...    2,(»88  10     0 
Ditto  advance  for  do.  do.  Vols.  XL  &  XII.  500     0    0 


Taxdya  Maha  Braiimana. 
Paid  Editing  and  jH'iuting  charges,  ...       328     3     0 


B.vrsAYAN  C\M  Sl'tra. 

Paid  Transcribing  c)iarge.<«,  ...  6     3  0 

Vaya  Parana,  ...  ...  18  0 

Poems  of  Chand,  ...  ...  6     2  3 


2,957    6    3   2,074  13    0 
80    0    0 

791  0  0   2,113    0    0 

331  2  0 

144  0  0      224    0    0 

613  4  0      672    0    0 

75  0  0 

767    0    0      820    9    0 
280  12     0       364  14    0 
15    0    0 

2,588  10    0       876     0     0 

328     3     0 

6  3  0 
18  0 
6     2     3         13     8    0 


Carried  over,  Rs.  12,225     2     1 


ZXXVl 

RECEIPTS.  1869.        1868. 

Brought  forward,  Bs.  18,316     2    0 
Balancb  of  1868. 
In  the  Bank  of  Bengal,    ...  ...       115  15    8 

Cash  in  hand,...  ..,  ...  0    0    0 

115  16    8 


Bs.    18,432    1    8 


DISBURSEMENTS.  1809.  \ms. 

48Si  12    8 


Broaghfc 1 
Asiatio  Society  of  Bengal, 
Babu  Tarinicbarana  Chacki-avarti,   ... 

forward,  Rs.  12,225     2 
424    9     9 
10  10    0 

1 

Baba  Brajabhaaana  Dasa, 
F.  Ramaaa  Charyar,  Esq., 
Captain  Valadeva  Pant,  ... 
Ghallapali  Rangaija, 
Damara  Yallabha, 

... 

26     1     0 

0  2    0 
2     5    0 

11  13    0 

1  13     0 

Ramswami  B.  Eaidor, 

••• 

12     8    0 

Thakura  Griprasad  Slug, 
V.  B.  Soobiab, 

... 

31     0    0 
18    9    0 

J.  W.  McCrindIo, 

... 

30    8'  6 

J.  H.  Lloyd,  Esq., 

... 

3  11     0 
573  10 

3 

Balance  op  1869. 

12,798  12 

4 

In  tbo  Bank  of  Bengal,    ,„ 
Cash  in  hand. 

... 

5,559     8     1 
73  13    3 

Ti  fT?9       "i 

4 

Rs.     18,132     1 

8 

Examined,  Errors  and  Omission  a  excepted, 
Sd.  Pbatapacuandra  Guosua.  Sd.  Bi'ddinatu  Bysack. 

Asst.  Secnj.  Cashier, 

Asiatic  Society,  Bengal.  Asiatic  Socictij,  Dt'n'jah 

Audited  and  fuuud  correct, 

R.  Templk,  K.  C.  S.  I. 
D.  Waldie,  F.  C.  S, 


^ 
^ 


^ 


6  ^ 


00 
QO 


ocoo  o 
o  w^oo 


o  X  5  ^ 
CI  l>-  o  o 

xo  o  o  ^  '^ 

'f  o  o  o  o  o 

•^  O  X  O  t'*  -j* 

-pt  a  ^  -^  SS  § 

(M  O  X  ^  CO  i-H 


l-H 
Hi 

3    ^ 


to 


.2  Si       §3 

'So     §  5   . 

CO  35  C;  r:^  ^       O 


S§3 


Ci  -r  o 

CO  t— I  o 


OQ 


zrl 

o 

o 

•x-  ,-^ 

xi;^ 

j    CO 

■^ 

•  yj 

o 
2 

S 
^ 


XOOO  3iOO 

»o 

W3  O  *>!  O  CI  O  O 

t>. 

i-l           rH 

Ci  "O  o  -to  --?  o  o 

t^ 

f^'  -^  ^  c:  !>. 

l-. 

cc  ^  :o  Ci  CI 

CI 

o" 

X 

X  o  o  o  cj  coo 

.— 1 

I-l 

00 

»o  o  X  CI  X  o  »o 

1— » 

O 

rH           .-• 

c::  ^  :i  o  ^  X  -o 

o 

1  i 

••^  »c  CI  X  *>:;  it  Ci 

-o 

Cl  Cl  "t  C5  "^  r^ 

x" 

A        J^ 



i^        ^ 

a 

'd 

— 

iff 

72 

^  .  -5 

X( 

5 

'3-ss^ 

a 

X 

-T    so  ,^ 

CQ  ^  ^rt 


H 

rfl 

H 

O 

72 

<si  i 

«*-*n    -'>^ 

»^    - ,    X:  Ti    O 

s  -^ 


►5  <j'^ 


J^  '^*  '^  .2 


2:-  =5  t;  £2  ^  ■£  '^ 

-2  ^  ^  S  .-^  "^  ^ 


XXXIX 


OO 

o 

oo 

o 

o6 

1—1 

s^ 

o 

»s* 

-^o 

-* 

coo 

CO 

CO 

r-1 

1— t 

1—1 

laa.-f  ^^ 

1 

02 

1— 1 

09 

1 

s5    i   w* 

.12    .111  J 

11  ^i^^ 

« 

-«3 

g  .  . 

g    :    : 

H 

^2  .         § 

Hi 

:! 

-s     ^ 

.g 

13 

£             '^ 

00  3 

8            S 

^     1 

■*  ^ 

r3rH^ 

hi 

6  ^ 

-i'^ 

0 

< 

"^1 

^  :^ 

it 

OOOCO       OO 

to 

•H 

JOOOO       OO 
»0  O  Q  ri       O  O 

CO 

38 

03   '^ 

^       OO       »o 

(M 

.o 

lO 

csT 

ci 

^CQOCO        O^ 

w 

•^ 

s 

s* 

CO 

55 

^ 

00 

ccn  o^     OO 

CO 

o 

00 

r^ 

i-H 

9 

"i 

o  CO  o  -n      o  "f* 

Ci 

;5 

oS 

lO  t^  C  C5        »o  o 

!<• 

-<i     'S 

-^ 

U3         lO  t^         4^  rH 

WD         CO" 

o' 

g  1 

^ 

?2 

^  i  :•  ij  ■:  i 

1— 1 

3  .^. 

•I* 

1 

M 

n 

1  'ill  1 
lliii  1 

4  SI  ill 

e  a  err  o  "^  5 

•i 
1 

^  ><  ^*  iQ 

2    1 

PEOCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL, 


EDITED    BY 


THE  HONORARY  SECRETARIES. 


JANUAEY   TO   DECEMBER, 
18  7  1. 


CALCUTTA. 

PniNTED   BY   C.    B.    UtWIS,   BAPTIST  MIS8I0H  PEEBS. 
1871. 


CONTENTS. 


^••^•«^ 


Page 
List  of  Members  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  on  tHo 

3  Ist  December,  1870,  Appendix  in  February  Proceedings,  I 
Abstract  Statement  of  Receipts  and  Disbursements  of  the 
Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  for  the  year  1870,  Appendix 

in  February  Proceedings,  . .    XIX 

Proceedings  for  January,  1871,    , 1-20 

Do.         for  February,  1871,  including  Annual  Eeport 

and  President's  Address, 21-54 

Do.         for  March,       1871, 55  80 

Do.         for  April,            „     81-94 

Do.         for  May,              „     95-118 

Do.         for  June,             „      119-136 

Do.         forJuly,              „     .' 137-158 

Do.         for  August,         „     159-176 

Do.         for  September,  „     177-224 

Do.         forOctober,        „     225-229 

Do.         for  November,   „     231-250 

Do.         for  December,    „     251-298 

Meteorological  observations   for   January  to   December, 

1871,    itoxcvni 

Appendix  A,   , 300 

Do.       B,   306 

Index, 307 


EREATA. 


Page 

Line 

For 

Bead 

2. 

9. 

H.  W.  Soevens, 

H.  W.  Stevens. 

86, 

16, 

Hootoone, 

Hootoom. 

56. 

X4, 

M.  S.  HoweU, 

A.  P.  HowelL 

9> 

16, 

Filgatte, 

Filgate. 

ft 

22, 

Boom, 

Bourne. 

82, 

8rd  from  below. 

Insert, 

A,  P.  Howell,  Esq. 

84, 

2, 

X>osse88, 

possesses. 

» 

7. 

This, 

It. 

106, 

23. 

'taUO^.6.' 

'  tail,  1".2.' 

107, 

2, 

CynonycteruSf 

Cynonycteria, 

»9 

>9 

i. 

*. 

131, 

17. 

'  Bun  a  moon's  limb.' 

'  sun  and  moon's  limb. 

f> 

29, 

'3'.2''.7'V 

« 3'.2".7".* 

»i 

30, 

*4'.ll^' 

*  — 4M1'V 

131, 

99 

^     T      2-2 
after  In.  -^, 

insert  C.  ^■^. 

225, 

10, 

Prakria, 

Prakrita. 

» 

11, 

Vyakuranam, 

Vyakaranam. 

247, 

8, 

Ilalim, 

Ilatim. 

PEOCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


ASUTIO  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOR  Janxtaby,  1871. 


The  monthly  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday  the 
4th  instant  at  9  o'clock  p  m. 
The  Hon'ble  Mr.  Justice  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 
Presentations  were  announced. 

1.  From  the  Government  of  India,  Home  Department,  5  photo- 
graphs of  the  temples  and  inscriptions  at  Barsee  Taklee  and 
Pinjar. 

2.  From  the  Author— Eiickblick  auf  die  Jahre  1845  bis  1870, 
Schreiben  von  W.  R.  von  Haidinger  an  Herm  E.  Doll. 

8.    From  Dr.  Newman — five  silver  coins. 

4.  From  H.  v.  Schlagintweit-Sakiinlinsky — a  revolving  scale 
for  measuring  curved  lines  on  maps,  &c. 

The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the 
last  meeting  were  bcdloted  for  and  elected  ordinary  members. 
Isaac  Newton,  Esq. 
B.  S.  Brough,  Esq. 
F.  C.  Daukes,  Esq. 
B&bu  Ganendranatha  Thdkura. 
The  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting. 

T.  F.  Harkness,  Esq.,  0.  S.,  proposed  by  A.  M.  Markham,  Esq. 
seconded  by  Ool.  A.  D.  Yanrenen. 


Proceedings  of  the  Aaiatie  Society. 


[Jan, 


Col.  J.  F.  Tennant,  proi>OB&d  by  CoL  H,  Hyde,  seconded  bj 
Dr.  P.  8toliezka* 

Dr.  W.  WftagGJ5,  proposed  by  T)r.  F.  Stoliozlcftj  seconded  by  Mr.  .] 
H,  Bloc'iimaan. 

G.  C.  Farr,  Esq.,  proposed  by  Mr.  E.  Hyde,  seconded  by  Col. 
H-  nyde. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  intimated  their  desire  to  with* 
draw  from  tlie  Society,  0.  F,  Amery,  Esij^.,  Capt.  J-  P,  Baeevi,  H,  E,, 
T.  Thomas,  Esq.,  H.  W,  Seevens,  Esq. 


The  Coimcil  reported  on  the  progress  which  has  been  made  in 
the  collecting  and  preservation  of  Sanskrit  MSS.,  and  communicated 
the  suLjoiiiecl  eorreijipoiidence  on  tho  snbjeet. 

In  laying  this  oon'espondenco  on  the  table  the  President  observed, 
that  inaamuch  as  the  measures  proposed  and  subsequently  under* 
taken  for  the  conservation  of  Sanskrit  MSS.,  and  tho  preparation 
of  Catalogues,  were  commnnicated  to  the  Society,  in  May  1869,  the 
Council  thought  it  right  to  inform  the  Society  of  the  progress  which 
had  since  been  made  in  the  matter.  He  referred  to  the  original 
ixutrootions  of  tho  Government,  and  the  few  alterationa  which  liave 
been  suggested  by  the  Society.  The  task  was  entrusted  to  Babu 
Efijendral^la  Mitra,  whom  the  Government  had  recommended  for 
it.  Ono  instalment  of  the  **  Notices  &c.*'  had  been  published  and 
was  on  the  table  before  them.  It  would  be  seen  that  tliis  was  not 
in  tho  tabular  fonn  which  the  Government  at  first  contemplated, 
but  the  deviation  from  it  had  been  sanctioned  by  the  Gt>vern* 
menfc  of  Bengal  in  their  letter,  dattjd  22iid  May»  1869,  and 
whether  or  not  every  one  would  coufiider  it  judicious,  there  wer© 
certainly  very  substantial  reasons  to  be  urged  in  support  of  it. 
When  these  "  Notices"  were  submitted  to  Government,  no  objection 
was  taken  to  the  form  of  the  publication,  but  it  appears  that  thd 
advisers  of  the  Government  considered  that  it  was  defective  in 
certain  important  points.  The  President  quoted  a  passage  to  this 
effect  houk  an  official  letter  of  the  Government  of  India.  Ha 
could  not  better  explain  the  error  into  which  the  Government 
had  here  fallen,  than  by  reading  the  answer  which  the  Secretary 
of  the  Society  had  written  in  behalf  of  the  Council.    In  condufiion  , 


Proctiedin^i  ofth^  Aiiati^i 


a. 


No.  5557  dated  23rd  Nov.,  1868  Govt,  of  Bengal. 
.,     ami    ,,    Iflt  &lay,i86aAs,  Sou         ., 
„    1U43    -,    aaud    „      „       Govt.         M 


he  said  it  was  almost  incomprehensibla,  how  the  hhuulereviioteil 

comiiiitted,  not  only  in  the  Secretariat  to  the  Qoraiimeiit  of  India, 
but  also  bj  a  scholar  like  Mr.  Clialmera,  to  whoM  very  iniatdTis 
but  mistaken  ob&ervationa  the  President  teforred.  Theae  gentle 
men  must  have  penned  their  strictures  without  having  read 
Sanskrit,  and  yet  it  was  in  Sanskrit,  that  the  OoTenunent  letl 
dirocted  tho  prinripal  matter  of  the  lists,  indaaivd  of  the  r^irfi 
matt&r  in  question,  to  be  published. 

No.  396. 
Jaiatic  Soci^tif'i  iJeww,  CalctUta^  27th  Jum^  1870. 

Fi-am  P,  SroLiGZKA,  Esq,  Pn.  B., 

Honorary  Secritary^  Atiatic  Societif  nf  Ben^d^ 

To  t}^  HoN'ntE  Ashley  Eden, 

Secretary  to  the  Goremmeni  of  Bengali 

Sia, — ^Eeforring  to  the  eorrespoudence,  noted  at  margin,  regard* 

ing  tho  conservftttou  of 
records  and  purchases  of 
Sanskrit  Manusitiripta  ixa 
native  libraries,  I  am  desired  by  tlie  Council  of  the  Ataatio  Socio* 
ty  to  furwai'd  a  copy  of  Babu  liiijendralAla  Mitra's  ruport  on  the-i 
aubject,  explaining  tho  operatiuna  which  have  been  iixHtitutod  bj 
the  JSociety  for  that  purpobo,  in  aooordanee  with  the  ordei*a  of  the 
Governmyut  of  BougtU, 

A  specimen  copy  uf  No.  1  of  the  **  Notices  of  Saniskrit  MSB/*  is 
herewitli  enclosed,  as  well  as  copies  of  tho  lists  noted  in  pcu'a.  8th 
of  Babu  B^jendrfddla  Mitra'^  letter. 

The  slight  alteration  in  the  arraugoment  of  printing  has  also  been 
explained  by  Bubu  Bajondrtdala  MiU*a,  and  the  Council  of  the 
Socie^  hopes  that  thia  change  will  be  advuutageous. 

The  expenses  incurred  by  the  Society  for  the  above  object  of 
collecting  MSB.  during  the  littter  half  of  the  official  year,  1869  and 
1670)  are  detailed  in  tlie  aecunipanying  bill,  and  in  submitting  the 
same  for  the  consideration  of  tho  Government  of  Bengal,  I  am 
desired  by  the  Council  of  th«  Aniatio  Society  of  Bengal  to  re- 
quest tJiat  the  Society  may  be  sanctioned  to  draw  a  quai'terly  or 
half  yearly  advaneoi  equal  to  one  fourth  or  one  half  of  the  annual  j 
grant  sanctioned  for  the  purpose.     A  detailed  statement  of  the 


ProcmdtnffB  qfths  Atiatic  Society. 


[Jak. 


yearly  o3q)on90S  will  be  prepared  and  eubniitted  to  the  Governmeut 
of  BungaLf  if  desired. 

Babu  Eajendraldla  Mitra  expects  to  publish  annually  3  or  4 
numbers  of  the  Notices  of  8auskrit  MS8,  ;  ufNo*  1  of  these  Notices 
150  copies  have  been  i>rintod,  and  they  ai'e  now  at  the  disposal 
of  the  GoTernmont  of  Bengal. 

With  regard  to  the  distribution  of  the  Notices,  I  am  desired  by 
tlie  Council  of  the  Aaiatic  Society  to  submit  a  list*  of  names  t4> 
whom  copies  could  be  sent,  for  the  favouruble  consideration  of  the 
Govemmont  of  Bengal.  The  spare  eopies  of  these  ''Notices/*  the 
Council  would  suggest,  may  be  sold  to  tlio  public  at  one  Bupee 
pep  number. 

From   Ba'BU    RA'.rENDltALA'LA    MlTRA^ 

To  the  Seoretaty,  A$talic  Soeirft/  of  Bmqal, 

Bated,  Chitpur,  2Ath  May,  1870. 

Biii^' — I  liave  tho  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  on  the 
operations  carried  on  during  the  last  official  year  for  collecting  in- 
formation regarding  Sanskrit  MSS.  extant  in  native  UbrarioB, 

2.  The  final  orders  of  Oovemnient  on  the  subject  were  received 
in  May  1869.  I  happened  to  bo  unwell  at  the  time,  and  nothing 
was  done  until  my  arrival  at  Benares  in  the  middle  of  June  following, 
when  I  c-ommenced  to  collect  lists  of  such  rare  MSS.,  as  were  avail- 
able in  that  city.  Although  some  ultra  orthodox  pandits  wore 
averse  to  allow  their  collection  to  be  examined  and  analysed  for  the 
information  of  Europeans,  I  had  no  diihculty  in  inducing  several 
persons  to  allow  me  access  to  their  Libraries  for  the  purpose  of 
taking  notes  and  copies  of  such  M8S.  as  I  liked,  and  obtained 
much  valuable  ijiformation  from  some  of  the  professors  of  the  local 
Sanskrit  College,  Two  native  gentlemen  of  the  city,  Bibu  Haris- 
chandra  and  Sitalprasfid,  very  obligingly  placed  the  whole  of  their 
collections,  each  containing  upwards  of  two  thousand  works,  at  my 
disposal,  and  Pantlit  Vinavaka  S'astri  brought  me  a  few  rare  MSS. 
of  the  Kalpa  sutr^is  and  of  the  Sikah^s,  The  Biljguru  of  Benares 
and  several  other  pandits  also  otfered  me  assistance,  and  I  soon  had 
a  total  of  upwards  nf  five  thousand  MSS.  at  my  disposal*  Owing, 
however,  to  the  delicate  state  of  my  health  at  tho  time,  and  my 
*  TUia  list  in  omittarl  ia  tUo  preaent  ooinmunicaiioti. 


187L] 


Froeeidtn^i  of  the  Asiatic  Sockt^, 


stay  at  Benarca  having  been  limited  to  seven  weeks  f^tJ}*,  I  coulti 
not  examin©  moro  than  about  half  of  thorn.  These  were  mostly 
works  of  wliich  the  Asiatic  Society  posaesaes  copies.  The  few  that 
appeared  to  me  to  be  new  have  been  included  in  the  accompanying 
volume  of  **  Notice^,*' 

A.  The  principle  on  which  the  notices  have  been  drawn  up  has 
already  been  explained  in  my  minute  of  April  1869.*  I  have  taken 
the  Catalog:UG  of  the  Society's  Library  for  my  guide,  and  described 
only  such  works  as  were  not  included  in  it,  except  when  better  MSS« 
were  met  with  than  are  to  bo  found  in  Calcutta. 

4.  The  plan  of  quoting  the  initial  and  the  concluding  sentences, 
also  the  epigrap]is,  which  was  Erst  suggested  by  me  and  ap* 
"proved  by  Government,  rendered  a  departure  form  the  tabular  form 
originally  proposed  unavoidably  neceasaiy  ;  but  none  of  the  heads 
of  iuformation  recommended  by  Mr.  Stokes  has  been  omitted,  and 
on  tbe  whole  the  form  adopted  will,  I  believe,  be  found  to  be  La 
every  resjioct  convenient.  It  has  greatly  economised  space,  and 
obviated  the  necessity  of  printing,  in  narrow  columns,  long  extracts, 
mostly  in  verse,  and  other  matter  not  lit  to  be  tabulated. 

6.  Among  the  works  noticed  I  would  draw  the  attention  of  the 
Committee  to  the  Upanitdiads,  most  of  wbitih  are  rare,  and  have 
hitherto  been  known  only  through  Duperron*s  translation  uf  the 
Persian  version  of  D&r6  Sekoh.  From  thi*ee  to  ilvo  copies  of  oacK  of 
them  have  now  been  obtained,  and  placed  at  the  ditiposal  of  Pro- 
fessor E^mamaya  Tai*kai'atna  for  publication  in  the  Bibliotheca 
Indica.  The  little  treatises  on  Yedie  Phonetics  (Nos.  K}2  to  136) 
are  also  rare,  and  of  considerable  interest.  Pi*ofe8sor  Max  Miiller, 
in  his  history  of  Sanskrit  literature  notices  only  one  of  them^ — that 
of  Niratla — and  the  others,  therefore,  I  imagine,  wiU  bo  new  to 
many  scholars  in  Europe.  The  commentary  of  Sdres'vara  on  the 
Brihadaryaiiuka  Upanishad  and  that  of  SankaHinanda  on  the 
Atharva  Upauit^hads  are  also  worthy  of  note.  Most  of  the  dramatic 
works  noticed  are  not  included  in  the  IjBt  annexed  to  Professor  Wil- 
son's Hindu  Theatre  ;  some  of  the  medical  works  are  also  valuftble, 
and  the  Malmbhdshya  is  remarkable  for  ago  and  accuracy*  Alto* 
gethor  204  works  have  been  noticed,  of  which  G*J  are  portions  of 
•  Proceed mg»,  Asiatic  Sucitay,  Boogal,  fyr  Muy*  l{iC9,  p.  127  H  sv*i. 


6  rmt$eding$  of  the  A»Mi€  Saei^ty, 

tUo  Vodas  or  commentaries  theroon,  26  are  tin>atift««  on  Vodio 
cHjroraonials,  and  8  parts  of  tho  Vedangaa ;  11  are  on  the  Vodantai 
8  on  tho  Nyaye^f  and  2  on  astronomy,  one  of  them  being  an  exposi- 
tion of  Arabic  iksvixm  borrowoil  by  the  Brahmans.  Of  grammatloal 
treatises  2  only  are  included  in  the  list,  and  of  medioal  compi- 
lations 6 ;  but  law,  rituals^  poetry  and  the  drama,  are  repro- 
sented  in  it  by  6,  12,  2S^  and  14  codioos  respectively. 

6.  On  my  return  to  Cideutta,  a  pandit  was  employed  on  a  salaiy 
ofBs.  80  a  month,  and  travelling  allowances,  to  proceed  to  the' 
mofUasiL  Ho  commenced  operations  at  Krishnagar  and  in  five 
montlis  eoUoctod  the  names  and  short  descriptive  accounts  of  about 
four  hundred  MS8.  new  to  the  Society.  Among  these  are  included 
a  numb  tvr  of  Ttuitras  belonging  to  the  Baja  of  Kri«h  nan  agar  ;  but 
few  of  them  are  of  any  grt-at  antiquity.  Notices  of  those  have  been 
drawn  up  in  the  pi^scribed  form,  and  will  be  sent  to  press  in  the 
cotirse  of  next  month. 

7.  In  March  hist,  advantage  was  talcen  of  the  Rev.  J.  Long's 
trip  to  Dac<^a  to  send  the  pandit  to  that  district,  and  he  has  sinoo 
been  employed  there.  The  iield,  however,  does  not  seem  tu  bo  < 
promising,  and  no  work  of  any  value  has  yet  been  met  with*  \ 
1  have,  therefore,  asked  the  pimdit  to  return  to  KrislmAgar,  whero 
and  in  the  neighbouring  town  of  Nuddea,  the  moat  renowned  seal 
of  tho  Nyiya  school  in  Bengal,  there  remains  yet  much  to  bo 
dono. 

8.  In  July  1B69,  two  MS.  lists  were  obtained  from  tlio  Hooie 
Office,  one  ^  *  *  he  names  of  2744  works  said  to  be  owniid 
by  Pandit  i^  ^  <  of  Lahore^  and  the  other  of  works  supposed 
by  tho  Nepalese  pandits  to  be  rare  In  the  Nepalese  Libranee  «t  j 
Khatmandu.  Both  these  have  been  printed,  and  copies  are  h«ane- 
with  suVimitted  for  inspection*  Tho  first  contains  the  namtss  of  « 
great  number  of  scarce  works,  but  it  has  been  much  swelled  oiit 
by  iuHertLDg  the  same  treatisoks  under  did'erent  names  in  dlffereati 
plncxss.     The  Nepalese  list  contwis  nothing  of  any  value. 

9.  Nominsd  Usto  haTe  likewise  been  obtained  from  the  renown* 
ed  Pandit  Kangichirt  Svami  of  Brindaban,  and  £rom  diff«reiit 
parta  of  Bengal^  extraela  firom  which  will  ena  long  be  publisfajed. 

10*    Muelihaaikot  been  doDo  in  th«)  way  uf  purchasing  MSdl 


I 


I 


1871.]  Proemiingt  of  the  Aiiatie  SoeiHif.  7 

Benares  I  coiUd  (jLtain  unly  9  oodiooa,  and  three  hftv©  since  been 
pui'chasod  ui  Calcutta,  making  in  aU  12  as  per  margin.* 

VitrchxsUn  Eleven     M8S»    have  lilcewise 

•TativaDusftiidhitiii.  boon    copiod.     An    opportunity 

l:"Zy7n:'^;n.Hrtti  ^'^^^^^  "'T"""!  for  sccurmgacopy 

BuiyisikidhiknnLnani&ld.  of  S%aria*8  commentary  on  the 

Darahftpnmamisaprftyachittokmrikl  Archikaa  of  the  Sama  Veda,  but 

Pmyof^iairu,  by  Keshada.  ^^  ^y^^    Sclotv    has     tesolvod   to 
Baadhay anas'  aomaTaiLra,  incomploto*  -n-i  i. 

Dif^-drisya  vivaranmn  £khya»  print  that  work  m  the  BlOllotheoa 

Aimapuimniu  Indica,  I  did  not  deem  it  neces- 

AhitagTiero  Antesn|iprQjoga.  ' 

GhaTanapaddbati  sary  to  avail  mysolf  of  it« 

i±"  runXika.  Tlie  foUowmg  ia  an  abstract 
Pingaia  chbanda  Btitra  with  tho  com-      ©f  the  expenditure  incurred  by 

Bfiakhyiyana  Grihya  Satra.  the  Society  ou  account  uf  Ooveni- 

Kapila  Saubita.  j^g^^  f^^P  collecting  lists  of  MS8. 

Himnya  koai  autnu  . 

Kiina  aatro.  and  preparing  copios  for  press, 

4  SUabia.  ^   ^^^  ^^^  revifiing  the  pi'oofa 

of  the  Sanslcrit  portion  of  the  Notices. 

Salary  of  Travelling  Pandit  from  14th  August  1869  to 

February  I  a70  @  30  Rfi.,    ....,....,- \^^     0     0 

Travelling  allowance  for   ditto  for  the  period  ending 

March  1870, , 145     6     9 

Stationery,  postage  and  stamps  for  lettefB,  Banghy  ex- 
penses and  ContingencieSp , •....**       85     I     6 

Printing  charges  of  forms  for  collecting  materials  for 

Catalogue, 70     0     0 

j^pying  MSS.  with  paper,  &c»,     12111     6 

fy  of  Pandit  for  preparing,  copying  and  con'eetiug 

>gue«  for  the  press,     147     0     0 

so  of  Sanskrit  M8S.,   64     0     0 


Es.  ..     82a     2     9 
^Ko  bill  has  yet  been  presented  for  printing  the  Kotioes, 

^e  cost  will  probably  amount  to  lie.  250  making  a  total  of  Bs. 
1^079>2-9  against  the  Gavemmont  grant  of  Ba.  3,200.  The  saving 
is  due  to  tho  circumstance  of  no  measures  having  been  taken  to 
commence   operations  until  after  the  rains  of  la«t  year*     The  ex- 


8 


ProcHitf^i  of  the  Asiatic  Sockiu* 


[Jak. 


ponaos  during  tho  rurront  year  will,  It  is  bolioved,  take  up  the  whole 
of  tho  amount  sanctioned. 

No.  2017. 

Fty^m  II,  S.  Bbadox,  Esq., 

Off^*  Undm" 'Secretary  to  the  Govt,  of  Bengal 
T&  the  Hopiif,  See^.  to  the  Asiatie  Societt/  of  Bengal, 

Fm-t  miliam,  the  llth  Jtihj  1870. 

Sm, — I  am  directed  to  acknowledge  the  reeeii>t  of  your  letter  No. 
395  dated  the  27th  ultimo,  with  ita  enclosures,  reporting  the  oper- 
ations earned  out  by  the  Society  iu  view  to  giving  effect  to  the 
wishes  of  Government  for  the  discovery  and  preservation  of  records 
of  ancient  Sanskiit  literature,  and  in  reply  I  urn  to  request  that 
you  will  convey  to  the  Society  an  expression  of  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor's  thanks  for  the  trouble  they  have  taken  in  the  matter. 
His  Honor  also  desires  me  to  acknowledge  the  services  rendered 
by  Bfibu  Hajendralula  Hitra  in  this  undertaking.  A  copy  of 
your  letter  and  Babu  liajendraliila  Mitra's  report  will  be  trans- 
mitted to  the  Government  of  India,  and  will  also  be  published  in 
the  supplement  to  the  Calcutta  Gazette,  A  copy  of  the  •*  catalogue 
of  Sanskrit  MSS.'^  and  of  **  notices  of  Sanskrit  MSS.**  will  also  be 
furnished  to  tho  Government  of  India. 

2.  With  reference  tfj  paragraph  4  of  your  letter  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  is  pleased  to  sanction  the  payment  of  the  bUl  submitted> 
amounting  to  lis.  1,079-2-9,  for  expenses  incurred  by  the  Society 
in  collecting  MS3.  during  the  second-half  of  the  financial  year 
1869-70.  The  Aecountant-General  will  be  instructed  accordingly, 
and  will  also  be  addressed  in  regard  to  advancing  the  So<.iety  fundjs 
to  carry  on  future  expenses,  subject  to  adjustment  lialf-yeaily,  as 
suggested  by  you. 

3.  The  Lieutenant-Governor  approves  of  the  list  proposed  by 
you  of  persons  and  institutions  to  be  supplied  with  copies  of  the 
"  Notices  of  Sanskrit  MSB.,"  but  desires  that  the  Cambridge  Univer- 

•  ViJ^  yaur  letter  No.  ^'^  '^^^^  ^'"^  Coondoo^  famUy  of  Bha^yo- 
281  dated  tlio  loth  Muy  kul,  itt  Dacca,  may  be  added  to  the  dis- 
1870 

tribution  list.     The  number  of  copies  thus 

to  be  distributed  is  seventy-five,  and  I  am  to  request  that  of  the 

balance,  fifty-five  copies  may  be  forwainled  to  this  Government  for 


1871.] 


JVoOf^inyi  of  the  Asudic  Sitetety, 


use  and  transmtssioii  to  the  Goinemineiit  of  India,  the  remamijig 

ttirenty  copies  bein^  sold  to  the  public  at  I  Ro.  per  copy. 
No.  2734, 
lyom  H.  S.  BsADov,  Esq., 
Ofy,  l/Hder-Secy,  to  the  QoH.  of  Bcn^al^ 
W         To  the  nonarary  Sfcy.  to  tJuf  Astatic  Soei^^ty  of  Bmgah 
'  Fi^ft  mVutm,  the  VMh  Srptemhcr  1870. 

8m, — ^With  reference  to  my  letter  No,  201 7»  dated  the  I  Itli  Jiilj 
1870,  the  subject  of  the  discovery  and  preservation  of  records  of  an- 

roient  Sanakrit  literature,!  am  directed  to  forward  for  the  infuruiation 
•  No.  3963  dat^  the  of  y OUT  Society  the  aecompanying  copy  of 
^th  ultimo,  and  enolo*  a  letter^  from  the  Government  of  India 
in  the  Home  Department,  fontaiuiug  the 
views  of  His  Excellency  the  Govomor-Geaeral  in  Cvuueil  t»u  the 
Ulcerations  of  the  Society  in  this  undertaking. 
^H  2.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  catalo^«a  [**  Notioee  of  Sanskrit 
^H  manuBcripta^'J  are  considered  lucompluto  in  surue  points,  whidi 
^H  tend  materially  to  lessen  their  value  and  usofuluo^a,  especially  to 
^^  European  scholars,  and  the  Govemmout  of  Iiiilia  nt'cordingly  do- 
1^^  sire  the  iuBertion  in  the  **  Noticos'*  of  the  name**  and  addresses  uf 
^B  the  persoBB  to  whom  the  manuscripts  belong,  thd  places  in  whiell 
■'■     they  are  deposited,  the  number  of  piiges  in  tmch  maausoript,  the 

»  number  of  lines  in  each  page,  and  the  poculiuritiuti  of  the  monu- 
scripts,  in  order  to  alford  a  ready  means  of  identifying  thom  bcre- 
niter.  The  dii^etitions  can  be  ousily  followetl  in  all  **  Ncilit^gs'*  that 
^^  ^^7  ^^  pvibliahod  hereafter,  but  this  is  of  course  not  |)OBfiible  iu 
^1  the  volume  oirtiudy  printed.  I  am,  however,  to  suggest  that  eiJViet 
'' '      might  be  given  to  the  winhos  of  the  Governmeot  of  Intlia  by  adding 

I  a  supplemtjutary  list  of  the   manuscripts   drawn   up  numcriijolly 
with  tlie  additional  infonuatiria* 
3.     The  Government  of  India,  it  will  bo  noticed,  dusiro  to  addf 
t  Tbe  Cambridge  UuU     Sixteen  name»  to  the  list  of  i)ersottH  and 
verslty  bua^  idruutly  boen      gucietios  to  whom  copies  of  thu 


'  Nutii  I 


induded.i'wrepaiifcgiiipb  a  ,        .       ,    .    ,  i        •    .       *  i 

of  my  letter  abuve  qnotod.     ore  to  be  circulut^Hl,  and  point  out  aevenu 

typographical  cnors  in  the  names  in  tlie  list  of  the  Bociuty, 

4.     In  (.^unduaion  I  am  to  invite  attoution  to  ihesuggi-i^tion  nmdn 

by  tho  Govurnmont  of  India  in  paragraph  5  of  their  lottur  rugartUng 

the  use  of  betiur  paper  and  typo  in  printing  the  **  Notice^/' 


w 


Pn>e$si%ngs  of  the  Aiiatie  &c*l  ip. 


[Jaj(, 


Jhw*  M  C,  Bojfh^^  EBq,^  C.  S,  /,  Secretary  to  ih^  Ooremm^ntof 
Induif  Home  Deparimmitf  to  the  Officiating  Secretary  to  ike  Govern' 
ment  of  Bengaly  General  Departments^ {A^o,  3963,  dated  SimiOf 
the  29iA  August,  1870.) 

Sir, — I  am  directed  to  acknowledge  the  reeeipt  of  your  lottor  No* 
2018,  dated  tho  1  Itli  ultimo,  and  the  enclosed  correspondence, 
fihowing  the  operationa  carried  on  by  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal 
in  regard  to  the  discovery  and  preservation  of  records  of  ancient 
Sanskrit  literature. 

2,  In  reply  I  am  directed  to  etate  that  the  efforts  that  have  been 
made  by  the  Asiatic  Society  to  give  effect  to  the  wishes  of  the 
Government  for  the  disc<»veiy  and  conservation  of  these  Sanskrit 
manuiscripts  are  satisfactory.  I  am,  however,  to  point  out  that  the 
catalogues  received  with  your  letter  are  incomplete  in  some  points^ 
vrhioh  tend  materially  to  lessen  their  value  and  usefulnofis,  especi- 
ally to  European  scholars. 

3,  It  ia  very  desirable  that  the  names  of  the  persons  to  whom 
the  manuscripts  belong  shotild  be  inserted  in  the  notices,  as  should 
also  the  places  in  which  they  are  dejiosited.  This  might  still  bo 
done  by  adding  a  supplementary  list  of  the  manuscripts  di^awn  u|> 
numerically,  with  the  names  of  the  owners  and  their  addresaea 
opposite.  The  number  of  pages  in  each  manuscript,  the  number  of  f 
Mnes  in  each  page,  and  the  peculiarities  of  the  manuscripts,  should 
also  be  given  in  the  catalogues,  as  a  means  of  identlfymg  them 
hereafter. 

4,  Tlie  list  of  persona  and  Societies  to  whom  it  is  proposed  to  1 
distribute  the  notices  may  be  also  considerably  enlarged,  and  there  ' 
are  some  inaccuracies  in  that  list,     A  corrected  copy  of  the  latter 
is  enclosed,  (hoi'e  follows  a  list  of  institutions,  &c.,  &o.). 


From  Du.  F.  Stoltczka, 

Hon,  Secretary  to  the  AviattQ  Society  of  Bengal^ 
To  H.  8.  Beauon,  Esq., 

Offy.  Under-Secretary  to  the  Ooremment  of  Benyal. 

8m, — I  have  the  honor,  by  direction  of  the  Council  of  the  Asiatic 

Society  of  Bengal,   to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  NoJ 


187K] 


Procet^inffa  o/i/^  Asiatic  Hoci^fif, 


II 


2734,  dated  the  19th  September  laat,  forwarding  eopy  of  a  letter  from 
tho  Secretary  to  the  Governmont  of  ladia,  Ilome  Department,  No. 
3963,  dat^d  Simla,  the  29th  August,  1870,  and  stating  that  the 
Notioes  of  **  Sanskrit  Manuscripts'*  lately  submitted  by  the  Society 
*' are  oonaidered  incomplete  in  some  points,  which  tend  materially  to 
lessen  their  value  and  usefulness,  especially  to  European  echolara,^' 
and  that  the  OoTernraont  of  India  ae<;ordingly  desire  tho  compi- 
lation of  a  **  suppjomfintary  list  of  the  manuscripts  dra\rn  up  numeri- 
cally** with  the  additional  information, 

2.  In  reply,  I  am  directed  to  state  that  in  the  blank  form,  annexed 
to  the  Govornment  of  India  lett«r  Ko.  4353,  dated  3rd  Novembor, 
1868,  which  was  forwarded  to  the  Society  for  its  guidance,  there  are 
nine  columns  :  1st  for  number  j  2nd  for  name,  in  Devanngari  ;  3rd 
for  ditto,  in  Eomau  charactx^r ;  4th  fur  subject  matter  and  name  of 
author ;  5th  for  number  of  pages ;  6th  for  number  of  lines  in  each 
page ;  7th  for  substanco  on  which  is  written  and  character ;  8th  for 
names  of  place  where  and  of  person  with  whom  found,  and  9th  for 
remarks  regarding  accuracy  and  pecnliaritiea*  Of  these,  informatioii 
under  the  heads  5,  6,  8,  9,  it  is  now  said,  is  wanting  in  the  *  Notices.' 
On  reference,  however,  to  the  Sanskrit  text  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
required  details  regarding  the  6th,  6th  and  9th  heada  are  given  in 
the  second  para.,  and  that  regarding  the  8th  in  the  third  para,  under 
each  name.  The  editor  has  likewise  added  (10th)  the  extent  of  the 
work  calculated  according  to  the  Indian  method  in  stanzas  of  32 
ayUabled  each  ;  I  Uh,  tho  date  of  writing  whenever  available ;  1 2th, 
the  initial  words  or  stanza;  13th,  the  concluding  words ;  Hth,  tJie 
colophon  wliieh  in  Sanskrit  works  serves  the  purpose  of  the  title 
page,  and  15th,  a  full  description  of  the  work,  its  contents,  history> 
and  literary  notices*  The  Council  of  the  Asiatic  Society  fail,  there- 
fore, to  perceive  how  it  has  been  made  out  that  infonnation  under 
some  of  the  heads  had  not  been  supplied^  and  lure  driven  to  suppose 
that  HhQ  Sanskrit  portion  of  the  **  Notices**  has  been  entirely  over- 
looked by  the  Government  of  India.  From  a  reference  to  those 
NoticeSt  it  la  dear  that  more  information  of  an  useful  oharaotor 
has  been  supplied  than  was  asked  for* 

3.  It  might  be  said  that  if  all  the  information  had  been  given 
in  Engliahi  it  would  have  provcRl  more  convenient.     But  the  word- 


IWucotfdtn^B  0/  th  A9i^t%€  S^^etff. 


[Jak* 


ing  of  thw  original  ordur  of  Qovemmont  left  no  option  to  tliu  Society 
iu  the  matter.  It  is  tliero  dibtietly  laid  down  that  ''  all  procurable 
unpriiit'ed  lists  of  Sanskrit  MSS.  in  native  Libraries  should  be 
printed  uniformly  inoc-tuvo,  iu  tht»Naguri  rhanvrter/'  »uul  tho  editor 
i-mM  uot  depai-t  fi^m  that  positivu  injunction  without  laying  Mm* 
aell'  I  tpun  to  ceiiiiui'o.  Tho  scheme  eontomplated  no  quotations  op 
e^ttracts,  and  the  Nagari  diaructur  could  uot,  therefore,  be  limited  to 
any  ono  particular  j^ai-t.  It  may  be  added  that  those  who  will 
hereafter  wiah  to  identify  tho  MisS.  noticed,  will  be  men  ctonvereant 
with  the  Sanskrit  Literature^  and  to  them  the  Sanskrit  port  of  the 
Notices  will  prove  more  useful  than  the  English  part,  while  to 
Indian  scholars,  at  tho  suggestion  of  one  of  whom  tho  work  has  boon 
undertaken  by  Gurernment^  the  Sanskrit  will  be  the  ouly  part  of 
use,  and  for  years  to  come  the  English  will  be  of  no  avail  It  ia 
scarcely  likely  that  those  who  know  no  tiling  of  ^am^krit  will  interest 
themflelves  much  in  tracing  old  M8S*  in  that  language, 

4*  Better  paper  will  be  used  for  tho  printing  of  the  futuro 
Nos.  of  the  **  Notices." 

The  following  copy  of  a  minute  relating  to  the  cataloguing  of 
Sanskrit  MSS.  has  been  receivod  from  the  Secretary  to  tho  OoTom- 
ment  N-  W.  Provinces. 


**  Notices  of  Sanskrit  MSS,  l»y  RdJendraUld  3litra, 

(1.)  "  These  Notices  are  moat  unsatiaXactory.  The  editor  states 
that  he  haa  taken  '*  tJie  catiiloguo  of  tlio  Asiatic  Society's  Libnu^y 
tm  his  guide,  and  has  noticed  only  such  works  as  are  not  to  ho 
found  in  it." 

(2.)  **  He  carefully  avoids  all  mention  of  where  the  MSS.  ho 
comments  on  are  to  be  found.  He  does  not  state  who  they  belong 
to^  what  their  value  is,  or  whether  Government  should  endeavour 
to  purchase  them. 

(3*)     "  Whenever  he  gives  a  eenslble  notice  it  seems  to  he  takea  ! 
from  Max  Miiller'e  Sanskrit  Literature. 

(4.)  **A  catalogue  of  this  kind  to  be  practically  useful  should 
contain  a  report  of  tho  places  searched  for  MSS.  and  the  place 
where  each  MS.  is  to  be  found. 


1S71.] 


rrocmdin*f9  of  i 


S&cidy* 


U 


val 


(6,)  **  It  should  also  mention  whother  the  hook  is  avatlaHe  or 
not  to  European  sciiolars.  The  catalogues  of  ike  Bodlulau,  Inilia 
Othce  a»d  Berlin  Libraries  would  shew  this. 

8d.    J.  Ca&xio&s." 

Ifinutc  of  Bdhu  EiijeiidraldUt  Mtira  on  the  above  [#ft  a  Mt^r  uddreued 
to  the  Secret  art/']. 

Mr.  ChalmerB'  critioisms  ai'o  founded  on  tho  isamo  imagimiTy 
fthortcoiuings  on  which  the  Goverimxunt  of  India  lommentod  im 
li>y  unfortunate  **Noticoft;*'  I  have  thtjreforo  only  to  ntfor  to 
Uio  re[dy  lately  forwarded  to  tho  GoFernment  of  Bengal  on  tho 
bubjuc't. 

Tho  tst  para,  of  the  critiquo  contains  a  general  observation,  the 
value  of  which  doponds  on  what  follows.  I  need  not  theroforo  no- 
tice it. 

Tho  2nd   para,   accuses  mo  of  having  (1)  carefully  avoided  all 

Dtiun  of  where  the  MSS.  eommeuted  upon  are  to  bo  found ;  (2) 
whom  they  belong  toj  (3)  what  in  Lhuir  value;  (4)  and  whether 
Government  should  endeavour  to  purchase  thoui  or  not*  Tho  tirsfc 
three  charges  are,  as  you  are  aware,  entirely  unfounded — duo  t*ithor 
to  the  ori tie's  not  knowing  the  8anskrit  language,  or  to  his  having 
failed  to  qualify  himself  for  the  task  he  has  assumed,  by  read- 
ing the  Sanskiit  portion  of  the  Kotioes  which  would  have  at 
once  shown  him  that  the  required  information  has  been  duly 
furnished.  The  last  charge  caonot  be  fairly  brought  against  me. 
I  am  requii'ed  by  Government  to  print  lists,  and  notlung  but 
lists,  in  order  that  Sanskrit  scholars  in  Europe  and  India  may 
point  out  what  MSS.  should  be  purchased.  The  words  of  the 
Government  letter  are  :  **  To  print  unifrirnily  all  prcjcurable  un» 
printed  lists  of  Sanskrit  manuscriptnin  ludian  Lihrurirs,  and  to  send 
to  the  various  loarned  Socieiios  of  Europe,  and  to  ittdividual 
arsin  Europe  and  India,  with  an  intimation  that  the  Government 
will  care f idly  attend  to  their  suggestions  as  ti>  which  of  the  manu- 
Bcripts  thei*ein  mentioned  should  be  examined*  or  transcribed,"  I 
have  quoted  this  part  of  tJie  letter  in  my  Profarn,  and  as  Mr.  Chal- 
mers has  read  it,  he  shoubl  huvo  Huggeated  what  BI&8.  are  worth 
having)  and  not  found  fault  with  mo  for  not  doing  what  he  as  a 


14 


Profiefedmgs  of  tha  A^atic  Soct'eiy, 


[jAir. 


Bcholar  and  others  are  required  to  do.     Sanskrit  scliolors  in  Ben- 
gal are  exceedingly  avei'se  to  sell  MSS.,  Imt  when  opportunities  do 
ofier  T  never  fail   to  take  ndvantnge  of  ihom^   and  purchase  for  * 
Government  whatever,  in  nij  Itumble  opinion,  appears  valuable. 

The  3rd  para,,  without  dirL^ctly  charging  me  with  haTing  cribbed  i 
from  Max  Miiller^s  ancient  Sanskrit  Litorature,  insinuates  that  I 
have  done  bo.     I  cannot  but  talvo  this  aa  unfair.     I  have  given  th© 
name  of  Max  Miiller  whenever  I  havo  quoted  from  him,  and  shall 
be  glad  to  be  shewn  an  instance  to  the  contrary. 

The  4th  para,  repeats  the  first  charge  of  the  2nd,  and  therefor© 
eallB  for  no  further  romark. 

The  oth  contains  a  sugy^estion,  but  the  published  portion  of  the 
**  Notices'*  should  have  shewn  to  Mr,  Chalmers  that  it  waa  uncalle<l 
for.  I  have  quoted  from  Aufi-echt's  Catalogi  codicum  mtmuscripto- 
rum  Bibliothecae  Bodleiaoae,  and  from  Weber's  Verzeichniss  der  ^ 
Sanakrit-Handschriften,  the  only  Berlin  catalogue  accessible  to  me* 
Mr,  Chalmers  seems  not  to  bo  aware  that  no  catalogue  of  the  India 
House  Library  has  yet  been  published,  and  therefore  it  is  impos-  J 
Bible  to  quote  from  it*  I  have  lately  got  a  MS,  list  of  the  contents 
of  that  Library  through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Host,  and  intend  to 
notice  it  when  necessary. 

The  real  cause  of  the  misunderstanding  lies  in  the  expectation 
that  the  Kotiees  should  serve  the  purpose  of  a  catalogue  raisson^  ' 
which  they   do  not  profess    to  do,  nor  were  they  originally  re- 
quired to  do.     The  Society  und*^rtook  to  supply  only    lists  in  the  ^ 
Nagari  character  of  MSS.  still  extant  in  the  country,  with  brief  i 
notes  of  their  contents,  in  ordor  that  future  scholars  in  Europe  may  i 
be  enabled  to  compile  a  complete  catalogue  of  Sanskrit   literature, 
and  not  to  supply  that  dosidoratum  now.     The  Government  is  of 
opinion  that  the  time  has  not  yet  come  for  a  comprehensive  scheme  ; 
of  this  kind,  and  if  this  be  borne  in  mind»  the  ''Notices**  will  not  ' 
be  found  to  be  so  defective  as  they  are  said  to  be. 


The  President  placed  on  the  table  diagrams  exhibiting  the 
diurnal  oscillations  of  the  barometer  observed  by  him  at  Dal- 
housie  during  a  portion  of  last  October.  He  did  so,  not  on  account 
of  the  merits  of  these  curves,  for  they  were  only  rough  approxima- 


1871.] 


Proce^dtnffi  of  the  Asiatic  SoHeff. 


15 


tions  to  the  truth,  hut  in  order  to  press  on  the  attention  of  memhors 
of  the  Society  the  importance  of  observatiuns  of  this  kijid  in  India. 
He  mentioned  the  purt  whiehj  ftccording  to  a  very  generally  re- 
L'ei%'ed  theory,  the  presence  of  vajiour  had  in  etfooting  the  double 
maximum,  and  pointed  out  that  this  country  seemed  to  afford 
extraordinary  opportunity  for  the  complete  investigation  of  thia 
subject, 

CoL  the  Hon'ble  E.  Straohey  begged  to  differ  altogether  from 
the  views  put  forwai*d  by  the  President,  and  characterized  the 
doetrine  which  attributes  the  daily  oscillations  of  the  barometric 
pressure  solely  to  the  influence  of  vapour  in  the  atmowphero  as  a 
dogma.  The  actual  tension  uf  vapour  at  any  place  does  not  represent 
the  portion  of  the  total  atmospheric  pressure,  due  to  the  pressure  of 
the  vajiour,  aud  the  diiTerence  between  the  total  pressure  and  the 
Tapour  tension  is  not  the  pressttre  af  the  dry  air.  The  very  nu- 
moi*ou8  barometric  and  hygrometric  observations  which  he  (CoL 
8trachf^y)  had  made  in  the  plains  of  India  and  in  the  Himalayasi, 
up  to  elevations  of  between  18  and  19000  feet,  speak  entirely 
against  this  view — which  he  thought  had  fii'st  been  put  forward  by 
General  Sabine, — inasmuch  as  the  same  fluctuations  in  the  total  pres- 
sure, which  are  to  be  observed  in  the  plains,  are  equally  marked  at 
high  €*levations  in  Tibet,  where  there  is  extremcdy  little  moisture 
in  the  atmosphere,  CoL  Strachoy  refeiTcd  to  a  paper  which  he 
had  published  on  the  subje<?t  some  years  ago  in  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Koyal  Society  on  the  distribution  of  vapour  in  the  atmos- 
phere, in  which  the  data  for  the  above  concduaiuns  of  his  wore  given 
at  length.  He  said  that  the  day  maximum  and  minimum  are  un- 
questionably connected  with  the  heating  of  tlie  air  by  sun,  and  can 
bo  explained  by  the  dispersion  of  the  air  over  that  part  of  the 
earth's  surface  where  the  temperature  is  highest,  and  its  accumula- 
tion to  the  east  and  west  of  the  most  heated  area.  That  this  is 
the  true  cause  of  the  phenomenon  is  also  indicated  by  Uie  fact, 
proved  by  observation,  that  the  time  of  day  maximum  and  mini- 
mum  change  according  to  the  hour  at  which  the  sun  rises  and  sets 
in  diiforent  localities.  The  explanation  of  the  noctumal  maxima 
and  minima  is  moro  ditlicult,  but  they  are  probably  secondary  result 
of  the  diurnal  clianges  of  temperature. " 


16 


Ptoe90dmffi  of  the  Asuiiie  SkHfict^. 


[Jaw. 


Colonel  Straehey  noticed  certain  modification  b  of  tho  nsual  daily 
I  Maxima  and  minima  in  the  atniOBpheric  pres»ur69,  to  bo  obeenred  ml 
tlio  billfl.  Tliese  must  bo  considered  as  purely  local,  and  aro  to  b^ 
explained  as  caused  by  certain  disturbances  of  the  planes  of  equal 
pressure  in  the  air,  due  to  the  unequal  expansion  of  the  rariabla 
depth  of  air  over  the  plains  and  mountain  slopes,  which  again  are 
followed  by  currents  of  air  between  tho  plains  and  the  lulls.  During 
the  day,  the  air  is  heated  over  the  plain  and  forms  a  superior  current  I 
toward  the  mountain,  at  night  the  converse  takes  place  and  gives 
rise  to  an  inferior  current  towards  the  plain.  These  changes  are 
quit^  analogDtis  to  the  daily  sea  and  land-brooze. 

Dr.  Stoliciika  observed  that  he  was  struck  with  the  great  regu- 
larity with  which  tho  maxima  find  minima  in  the  atrao&i>heric  pres- 
Bure  return  at  high  elevation*  He  had  made  observations  for  two  ' 
Buecessive  years  on  the  elevated  plains  of  Tibet,  between  15  and 
20,000  feet,  and  found  that  as  a  rule  the  nutxima  fell  about  the  hour 
of  10  A.  M,  and  11  p.  m.>  the  minima  bet\^een  3  and  5  p.  M.  and 
about  S  A.  M.  Certainly  the  regular  oscillations  of  the  atmosphere  ia  ' 
these  regions  could  not  be  attributed  to  the  existence  of  vapour,  tor 
there  is  almost  none  whatever  present.  The  anuutd  raiu  fall  scarco- 
ly  amounts  to  half  an  inch. 

In  reply  to  remarks  which  fell  from  CoL  Strarhey,  the  President 
Roid  that  nothing  could  be  further  from  his  mind  than  any  intontion 
to  set  up  or  maintain  tho  **  dogma**  which  Ool  Straehey  attributed 
to  him.  In  truth  he  had  brought  the  matter  forward  solely  for  tho 
purpose  of  ui-ging  that  observation  and  research  were  still  needed, 
and  that  the  peculiar  facilities  of  India  in  this  respect  were  neg* 
lected.  We  had  it  in  our  power  t<:>  niuko  observations,  with  varia- 
tions of  condition  as  to  elevation,  humidity  and  temperature,  suoh 
as  could  hardly  be  secured  elsewliero.  We  could  almost  be  8iitd 
to  be  able  to  expei-iment  in  thia  sulyect,  so  great  were  our  oppor^ 
tunities  of  making  simultaneous  observations  at  diflereut  heights  in 
pretty  nearly  the  same  vertical  line,  and  at  variously  situated 
stations,  distributed  over  a  larg<dy  extended  surface  of  the  earth. 
Tho  odvantngea  offorod  by  the  character,  and  position  of  the  coun- 
try for  analysis  of  the  elomenta  of  tlie  problem  and  comparison  of 
results  seemed  to  be  in  a  great  moastire  uiihoeded.  They  oould  only 


Proeftdinff*  of  ike  Atiatic  Societif, 


17 


^1871 

^Bfa^CffeotiTely  luudo  use  of  by  combined  action,   and  of  this  air  pre- 
^^fjll-it  could  Lardly  be  eaid  that  there  voa  any. 

H     Tl 

■  lolbi 

W     Tl 


I 


The  following  papers  were  brought  before  tlie  meeting. 

I,  Notes  on  the  district  of  Dera  Irtnail  Kliau,  by  T.  W-  H. 
Tolbort,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

This  pappr  contains  notes  on  the  history^  arebtcology,  and 
natural  productions  of  the  dibtrict ;  it  wiH  shortly  appear  in  the 
Journal  of  the  Skjciety. 


2*     On  the  antiquity  of  Indian  Arthitecture,  by  Bfibu  Eijendra- 
kla  Mitra,     {AbntracL) 

The  oldeet  remains  that  have  come  to  light  are  the  pillars  of 
As'oka,  and  they  are  not  of  a  greater  age  than  the  middle  of  the 
third  century  before  Ohrist.  Hence  an  opinion  is  gaining  ground 
that  tlio  ancient  Aryans  were  not  proficient  in  the  art  of  building 
substantial  edifices  with  stonos  and  bricks,  and  that  the  primitive 
Hindus  were  dwellers  in  thatched  huts  and  mud  houses.  Mr, 
Fergusson,  who  has  adopted  this  opinion,  adds  that  the  Hindus 
learnt  the  art  of  building  from  the  Grecians  who  came  to  India 
•with  Alexander,  and  that  the  oldest  specimens  of  areliitecture  in  the 
country  appear  to  be  in  the  first  stage  uf  transition  from  wood  to 
stone.  The  author  oombala  these  opinions  by  a  number  of  quota- 
tions from  the  Big  Veda^ — ^a  work  generally  believed  to  be  of  the 
same  age  with  the  Mosaic  chronicles — in  which  allusions  are  made  to 
fortified  towTi«,  birge  palaces,  three-storied  dwellings,  bricks,  inlltirs 
and  other  objects  which  could  not  have  existed  without  masonry 
works  of  some  kind  or  other.  Quotations  are  also  given  from 
Punini,  tlie  R  tmiiyana  and  the  Mahabhdratha  to  provo  the  existence 
of  mas*>nry  liuuses  at  a  very  early  period  of  Indian  history.  It  is 
denied  tliat  the  Buddhist  rehgion — a  mere  reformation  of  the  old 
Hindu  faith — could  have  any  influence  in  originating  architecture, 
and  the  invasion  of  Alexander,  ia  compfu-ed  to  the  recent  British 
expedition  to  Abyssinia,  in  which  very  little  impression  was  produced 
on  tlie  domestic  arts  of  the  Abyssinians.  It  is  diificult  to  believe 
that  Alexander  brought  any  large  number  of  quarriers,  masons,  and 
arohitoctfl  to  leave  some  b«^liind  for  the  education  of  the  people   of 


Pr9€$$iin$9  (/  the  Aiiaiic  Saeietjf.  [J 

the  country  in  architectur©,  and  it  would  be  absurd  to  suppasa  that 
a  king,  like  As'oka,  who  is  presumed  to  have  originally  lived  ia 
thatehed  huts,  would  of  his  own  accord  aond  ior  architeuta  and 
quarriers  fnim  Greece  to  build  him  a  ptilace.  In  reply  to  the  ai^a* 
ment  founded  on  the  ornamenta  of  old  Indian  architecture  being 
copied  from  wooden  originals,  it  is  contended  that  they  do  not 
Bufhee  to  indicate  the  exact  age  when  the  transition  fir&t  took 
place,  inasmuch  as  there  is  a  spirit  of  conservatism,  a  mannerism  or 
a  survival  of  custom  ia  architectural  ornamentation,  so  strong  t^t 
it  preserves  intact  forms  long  after  the  lapse  of  the  exigencies  which 
first  lead  to  their  production,  and  such  evidence,  therefore,  cannot 
be  accepted  as  conclusive. 

Eev.  K.  M.  Benerjea  made  some  observations  in  support  of  tlio 
views  expressed  by  Babu  Eajendralala  Mitra. 

Mr*  Wood-Mason  exhibited  an  interesting  cose  of  polydactjlism 
(see  pi,  I),  in  a  horse  from  Bagdad,  and  remarked  that  the  spliut- 
like  rudiments  of  the  metacarpals  of  the  fourth  toe  on  each  fore-foot 
(iv.  in  figs.  1  ot  2  of  pL  I)  had  given  rise  to  a  supernumerary  digit 
provided  with  the  regular  number  of  iihidanges  and  encased  in  an 
asymmetrical  hoof  j  the  asymmetiy  of  wliich  was  such,  that  the  pre- 
sence of  another  of  the  same  shape  internally  to  it  would  have  formed 
a  symmetrical  pair,  like  the  cleft  hoof  of  a  ruminant.  The  metatarsal* 
of  the  fourth  toe  on  each  hind  foot  were  by  the  law  of  correlation 
Bimilarly  aHected,  but  the  supernumerary  hoofs  of  these  were  stout- 
er and  more  in-egular  in  shape.  He  next  mentioned  the  fact  that 
M.  Ailoing  in  a  recent  contribution*  to  our  knowledge  of  the  orgaui- 
atation  of  the  foot  of  the  horse  had  described  a  poly  dactyl  o  hors© 
with  the  extra  digits  developed  from  the  rudiments  of  the  second 
toe  (ii.  in  figs.  1  et  2) ;  the  hoofs  of  these  only  dill'orod  from  those 
of  the  principal  digits  in  their  smaller  size.  He  next  distinguish- 
ed  between  those  monstrositiosf  that  had  resnltud  from  injuries 
received  by  the  embryo  <>*  utaro  or  in  the  QQ^^  btitweeu  those  wliich 
might  be  said  to  be  due  to  the  **  anomalous  retention  of  embryonic 

•  Aim  dea  bo.  nut.  (zooK),  5o  Scr.,  vol.  viii,  pp.  55  ct  8«qq.t  pi.  1. 
f  For  full  iiiroriTi.itIou  ou  the  aulijeot  of  luoaatrositiei  ikd^  Dttrwiii*8  "  Afll*  | 
lUB^b  tkikd  PliiuU  under  dumestioutiuii.^' 


187L] 


Froc^ediHg^  of  ike  Aaiaiic  Somehj* 


19 


cliaracters,"  and  those  tHat  took  tlie  form  of  the  re-developmeat  of 
viable  rudiments  of  digits,  or  other  structures,   normally  present 
in  some  remote   aucestors   of  tho   grau|i    to  which   the    individual 
_  affected   belonged.     This   explauation   applied  to  the  pt>IydaotyIe 
foot  figured  on  the  accompanying  plate  (I.).  The  resemblance  to  the 
[extinct  mpparion*   would   have  been  perfect  if  the  two  outer  toes 
EOn  each  foot  had  been  developed.     In  illustration  of  these  remarks, 
ke  traced  the  Horses  back  in  time  to  their  three-toed  progenitors, 
tJIij>j}anon  and  Anvhitheriumy  whose  remains  abounded  in  themiocene 
Jeposits  of  Eurupe,India  (in  tho  Sewalik-Iiills),  and  America  :  in  Hip- 
par  ion  the  two  outer  toes  of  each  foot  possessed   the   same  number 
lof  phalanges  as  the  principal  toe,  but  were  reduced  to  mere  dewclaws 
'and  did  not  touch  tho  ground  j  in  Auchiiherium^  on  the  the  otlier  hand, 
they  were  nearly  equal  in  size  to  it.     The  figures  sufficiently  show- 

|©d  the  great  length  and  breadth  of  the  "  splints"  (ii,  et  iv.  in  (l^h, 
1  et  2)^  and  the  nbtuseness  of  their  distal  extremities    as  compai*ed 
with  the  slender,  finely  pointed  character  of  these   same  structures 
in  an  ordinary  horse. 
Explanation  of  Pbto  I, 
Fig.  1.  Front  ?iew  of  right  carpua(mmta  the  prosntial  series  of  carpiil  bone^) 
of  &  poljdtiotyle  borae ;  \  iiat*  size. 
Fig  2.  PuHtorior  view  of  Hanio. 

Tlio  Eoman    nnmeruU  ii,  iii,  it  refer  to  the  2ud|  3ril  and  4t)i  digits  rospeo* 
I  tiTely  in  both  ligurea. 

The  following  papers  were  received. 

On  terrestrial   Alollusca  fi*om  the  neighbourhood   of  Moidmein, 
jTenosseriiii  Provinoea,  by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka, 

Monograph  of  the  Indian  Cijpvimdm^  Ft.  I,  by  Dr.  F.  Day. 

LiBRAKY. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  the 
[meeting  li»^ld  in  December  last. 

Prestnttatiom* 
%•  Names  of  Donora  in  Capitals. 
Proceedings  of  tho  Royal  Institution  of  Gr^at  Britain,   Vol.    V. 
Part  VII.— The  Ikstitittion. 

Journal  of  the  Chemical  Society,  S«pt.,  1870. — ^The  SoaExy. 

*  Yid^  the  mtHpiifleont  memoirs  of  M,  Gftodry  ami  Dr.  Leidyi  and  ia  con- 
rnesino  therewith  Prof.  Hiitley'fl  Preaidoatial  addreaa  to  the  Gcolog'oal  Society 
of  Loudouj  Fobruiiry,  1870. 


20  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Jan. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Bombay,  Vol.  IX.  No. 
26. — The  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Bombay. 

Monatsbericlit  der  K.  Akademie  der  Wissenscliaften  zu  Berlin, 
Juli,  1870.— Akad.  deb  Wissenschaften  zu  Berlin. 

Zeitschrift  der  deutsclien  Morgenleendischen  Gesellschafty  Band 
XXIV,  Heft  3.— The  Editor. 

Raliasya  Sandarbha,  No.  62. — The  Editor. 

The  Pali  Text  of  Kachcliayano's  Grammar,  by  P.  Mason. — The 
Editor. 

Professional  Papers  of  Indian  Engineering,  No.  29. — The 
Editor. 

Memoir  of  Dwarkanath  Tagore,  by  Kissory  Cband  Mittra. — 
The  Author. 

Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Paleeontologia  Indi* 
ea.  Vol.  ni.  Nos.  1 — 4. — Icones  Plantarum  India  Qrientales,  by 
Major  H.  Beddome,  parts  4-6. — Flora  Sylvetica,  by  Major  H, 
Beddome,  parts  3 — 6. — Selections  from  the  Records  of  Gbvem- 

ment,  Home  Department,  No.  80,  Foreign  Department,  No.  81. 

The  Government  of  India. 

Records  of  the  Geological  Survey,  Vol.  Ill,  Nos.  3-4. — The 
Government  of  Bengal. 

Purchase, 

The  Kamil,  part  7. — Zenker's  Turc-Arabe-Persian  Dictionary 
part  16. — Lond.  E.  and  D.  Philosophical  Magazine,  No.  268. — 
Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  No.  35.— Comptes 
Rendus,  No.  9.— Museum  Heineanum  by  Cabanis,  Theil  I— IV. 

Exchange. 

The  Nature,  Nos.  53—57. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THK 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAi 

FOR   FEBEUAfiY,    1871, 


Til©  annual  meeting  of  tlio  Society  was  htld  on  Wctlnosdayp  at 
9  F.  M.,  Ist  Fcbruitry,  1871. 

The  Hoii^ble  Mr.  Justice  Phear,  rreaiduut,  m  Uia  cliair. 

Tht»  President  eiilled  upon  tho  Seeretury  to  rwwl  the  anuual 
repurt  of  the  Council, 

Annual  Beport  fob  1870* 

The  Council  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bougul,  in  presenting  their 
annual  report  for  the  year  1870,  have  again  to  uongratulate  the 
memhera  on  the  healthy  condition  of  activity  which  the  Society 
has  maintained. 

During  the  year  under  review,  there  were  28  ordinaiy  meniherfl 
elected,  while  in  tlie  «ame  period,  the  Society  sustained  a  loi3«  of  57 
Dienibers.  Of  tluH  latter  number  45  are  duu  to  death  or  resigna- 
tion, and  1 2  have  been  removed  from  the  list  for  nou-coiupliauce 
with  the  rtdes  of  tho  Society*  The  somewhat  Itirge  number  of  re- 
signations appears  to  bo  partially  due  to  tliu  iutroductiou  of  tlio 
revised  rulea  of  tlie  Societyj  by  which  members,  leaving  for  JSu- 
rope,  are  particularly  rcqite^ted  to  state,  whether  they  wi-ih  tliat 
their  membership  ribouid  continue  or  not.  Formerly  information 
on  til  is  point  was  rarely  giveiif  and  it  was  greatly  on  this  aceotmt 
that  tlie  member  list  had  grown  to  unnatural  dimtjUHions. 

At  tlie  close  of  the  year,  tho  number  of  ordinary  menibers  waa 
414  ;  of  the^e  266  were  paying  membetrs,  and  14^  absent*  A 
marked  decrease  in  these  numbers   ia   to   be   observed,  when   the 


22 


Proceedings  of  ih&  Mtatie  Sodd^, 


[Fi 


present  year   is  rorapaTefl  with  Ibe  pnfit,  and  eren  Tritli  seyeral  of 
th©  preceding  years,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  subjoined  table  : — 


Tlie  Coimeil  regret  to  announce  tlie  duath  of  llie  following  ordi- 
nary members  ; — J.  Kavenagb,  Euq.,  E.  Jardino,  E«q.,  Lieut,  B. 
0.  Beavan,  B&bu  BadhtinAtba  Siliadara,  M.  H,  Onn:^1»y,  Esq.,  LL.  1>», 
Biibu  K^ipraaaniia  Sinlia,  J.  Avdall,  Esq.,  Major  J.  J.  Ho- 
venden,  Edja  8ir  Ueonarayana  Sinha,  Babadui',  K.  0.  S.  I.,  Dr.  T. 
Anderson,  F.  L.  8, 

Although  it  might  at  first  sight  appear  that  the  decrease  in  the 
ftocesaion  of  new  members,  and  the  somewhat  numerous  reaigna* 
tions  are  due  to  a  diminishing  appreciation  of  the  scientiEc  elforta 
of  the  Suciety  on  the  part  of  the  public,  tJio  Council  take  pleasure 
in  remai'king  that  such  is  far  from  being  the  ease.  On  the  con- 
trary, the  Council  feel  themselves  justiiied  in  asserting  that  the  in- 
terest of  the  scientific  public  in  tho  working  of  the  Society  has  in 
the  last  twelve  months  seu&iljly  increased  in  India  as  well  as 
abroad.  This  is  particularly  shewn  by  the  largely  increased  demand 
for  the  pultlications  of  the  Society,  the  sale  of  the  Journal  and 
Proceedings  having  been  greater  than  in  any  previous  year,  and 
the  Society  having  also  received  several  olfers  of  various  foreign 
scientific  institutions  for  an  exchange  of  their  publications.  In  no 
less  a  degree  have  the  members  themselves  evinced  their  interest 
in  the  Society  by  the  regularify  of  their  contributions,  both  in  the 
way  of  subscriptions  and  of  scientific  communications.  The  ac- 
tual income  of  tho  Society  has  exceeded  the  estimate  by  an  appre- 
ciable amount. 


187  L] 


Proceeding*  of  iJw  Asiatic  So<?»Wy. 


2S 


I 


The  numerouB  communications,  forwarded  to  the  Society, — chiefly 
by  its  members, — equally  shew  thut  the  acientiiic  interest  in  the 
Society  are  largely  increasing.  More  than  60  valuable  contribu- 
tions in  various  branches  of  science  and  literatiu-e  have  been  re- 
ceived, and  this  does  not  include  many  of  the  shorter  papers  printed 
in  our  Prooeedings. 

MusEtTM* 

During  the  post  ^ear,  the  Council  of  the  Society,  in  aooordaiioe 
with  the  provisions  of  Act  XTIIof  1866,  and  their  previous  prao* 
tico,  have  CH>utinued  to  trunsfer  all  tht?  donatiune  rctceived  in  the 
Natui^al  Iliatory  and  Archajulugioal  iJopartmeata,  to  the  Trustees  of 
the  Indian  Museum.  A  detailed  statement  of  these  donations 
has  beun  published  in  the  December  Proceedings  for  last  year. 

The  Council  uf  the  Asiatic  Society  feel  it  their  painful  duty  to 
express,  at  this  opportunity,  theii'  great  regret,  that  the  Govern* 
ment  of  ln*lia  will  not  be  able  to  provide  in  the  new  Museum  building 
At  the  appointed  time — 2*)rd  Marelij  1871, — the  necessary  accommo- 
dation, which  the  members  of  the  Society  had  a  right  to  expect 
for  their  valualde  collections.  The  Council,  however,  entertain  the 
hope,  tliat  tlie  d<day  in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  Museum 
Act  will  be  only  ttjaiporary,  and  that  thn  Government  will  spare  no 
efforts  to  give  to  the  public  and  the  Society  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment,  the  benehts  wliioh  it  is  the  purpose  of  that  Act  to  bring 
about. 

OoDT  Oabijtbt. 

The  Society's  collection  of  Coins  received  an  increase  of  14 
Copper  coiuSi  presented  by  Captain  A.  Bloomiield,  M.  L*  Ferrar, 
Esq, I  and  H.  J.  Hainey,  Esq.  A  set  of  17  silver  coins  haa  been 
purchased. 

LnjBAitv, 

Within  the  past  year,  the  Library  received  an  addition  of  77§ 
volumes,  or  parts  of  volumes.  Many  of  these  were  obtained  in 
exchange  for  the  publications  of  the  Society,  others  were  purchased, 
aud  for  a  considerable  number  the  Society  is  indebted  to  private 
individuals  and  to  the  GKivemment  of  India.  Detailed  lists  of  the 
mcmthly  accessions  to  the  Library  have  been  regularly  published 
ilk  each  number  of  the   rroceoilingH.     In  tlie   collection  of  mauu- 


24 


Frocf^edintfi  of  the  Anatic  Society* 


[Feb- 


cripts,  valuable  additions  have  alao  bocu  maile  ;  thero  Tvere  9*1  j 
Samacrit  inanuseripta  purehased  or  copied,  aud  6  Persian  workfl 
were  pure  based. 

Tlie  Council  regret  tbat  it  bus  been  bejoud  tbeir  power  to  make^J 
the  Library  as  useful  uis  tbe  membert*  hiivo  a  right  tu  expect  it 
be,  nud  as  tbe  Counuil  would   earnestly    desire  to   make   it,     The] 
difEculty  lies  principally  in    the   inadequate  Bpaeo   now   available 
for  the  hooka.     It  was  cbiedy  on  tliat  at^count  that  tbe  new   con- 
templated editioa  of  the  Library  catalogue  has  not  been  completed,! 
The  Council  will,  however,  endoavoiu'  to  remedy  this  growing  evil  at 
the  earliest  jjot^siblo  opportunity,  but  Lbey  q^innot  take  any  utfoctiv** 
steps  until  the  Natural  Ilistorj  collections   are   removed  from  thfl 
Society^s  house. 

The  collection  of  M88.  has  also  boon  examined  during  last  yearj 
Maulavi  Abdul   Hakim,   ujider  the  Secretary's  superintendenceJ 
chocked  the  Arabic,  Persian,    and  Hindustani   MSS*,    and   Pundit 
Premchandra  Choudhnri  examines  at   present   the    Sanscrit   MB3«J 
The  Catalogue  of  the  Pundit  is  to  be  a  catalogue  raimnn^  ;  he  ha 
analyzed  about  500    works    on   grammar,    loxicogi-aphy,    prosody  J 
prose  and  poetiy,  rhetoric,  mathematics,  astronomy,   and  medicine 

Ail  MS8.  received  since   thtj  preparation  of  the  old   catalogue 
have  been  entered  into  the  MS.  catulogues  of  the  Society. 

A  list  of  the  iSocieties  and  other  scientific  institutions,  with  whiclj 
exchanges  of  publications  have  been  made^  is  apx>euded  further  on 


Publications. 

The  Council  have  anxiously  bestowed  continued  attention  upon  the 
publications,  as  these  constitute  the  truest  indicia  of  active  life  in  the 
Society,  and   they   have  now  the  satisfaction  to  announce  that  thfl 
49th  volume  of  the  Journal  will  very  shortly  be  complete<l,  and  on^ 
volume  of  Proceedings  was  issued  ;  both  will  extend  over  more  iha 
1200  pages,  accompanied  by  36  plates.     It  lias  been  the  aim  of  the 
oiHecrs  of  the  Society  not  only  to  insure  the  regularity  of  issue  of  thq 
various  numbers  of  the  Journal  and  ProceedingSj  but  also  to  int 
duce  an  improvement  in  the  illustrations  aceouipauying  tlie  papers. 
The  value  of  the  improvements  effected  is  tloarly  indicated  by 
increasing  applicationR  for  the  various  numbers  of  the  Journal 


thfl^ 

th^ 
Fth^J 
^trd^^l 


1871.] 


Fro0eeding$  of  th  Anatic  Sotiei^, 


U 


» 


Proceedings.     The   Hale  of  these   hm  heen    during  tho  past  yei3P 
larger  than  in  any  previous  year,  amounting  to  K^.   lilt).'). 

There  have  been  issued  for  the  year  1870,  eleven  nutiihera  of 
Proceedings,  equal  to  317  pages,  (uxclusive  of  appendicjos),  and  6 
platea.  Of  the  Journal,  part  I,  ^Philulogyj  Arulittjology,  &c.,  &c., 
3  numbers  were  issued  and  the  4th  ia  ready  for  issue  ;  the  part  will 
extend  over  301  pages  and  13  plates.  Part  II,  Natural  History,  Ac., 
was  issued  in  4  quarterly  numbers,  and  includes  432  pages  and 
18  plates,  and  in  addition  08  pagen  of  Meteorological  Observations. 
Each  of  these  part*?  t'lin  form  a  separate  volume,  for  each  is  8e[»ar- 
ately  i)aged,  and  provided  with  a  special  index,  &c.  &o. 

BlBLIOTHECA.   IlfDlCA. 

Dining  1870,  forty-seven  fasciculi  have  been  isfiued  of  Oriental 
works,  t?Ji.,  2  Arabic,  12  Pei-sian,  30  Sanscrit,  and  3  fasciculi  of 
English  Translations,  r»s.|  1  &oni  the  Persian,  and  2  from  the 
Sanscrit. 

Arabic   Work*. 

Maulavi  *Abdul  Ha!  lias  issued  2  fasciculi  of  the  Iq/lbah,  or 
Biogi-uphical  Dit^tionary  of  Persons  who  knew  Muhammad,  The 
work  was  commenctfd  by  Dr.  A*  Sprungor,  and  cuutinuoil  l»y  Mania* 
vi  'Abdul  Haq,  whose  death  temporarily  interfered  with  th©  pro- 
gress of  the  book, 

Fenian'  Work*. 

Of  Khafl  Khan*8  History,  Maulavis  Kabiniddin  and  Ohulim 
Qidir,  of  the  Calcutta  Madrasah  J  have  issued  six  ftiscicidi.  An- 
other fasciculus  will  com[doto  thir^  imimrtiuit  history  of  the  Mughid 
Emperors  of  Delhi*  Maulavi  Agh^  Alimad  'Ali  has  issuod  3  fas- 
ciculi of  the  MaAsir  i  ^Alamgiri^  a  ]ii»tory  of  the  reign  of  Amiing- 
aib.  Of  the  Quarto  Text  editiou  of  the  *Ain  i  Akbari,  Mr.  Bhjch- 
m&nn  has  issued  two  fasciculi  ^  and  one  fasriculus  of  the  English 
Translation. 

Maulavi  Ztilfaqiir  'Ah,  of  the  Calcutta  Madrasah,  has  brought 
out  one  fascii  idus  of  the  Critical  Porcs^iiin  Dictionary,  entitled  *  Far- 
hang  i  Roshidi,'  by  Maulavi  'Abdurras<hid  of  Tattah. 

A'ghA  Ahmad  'Ali^s  introdurtiou  to  the  JSikandiirnimah  i  Bahri 
is  nearly  compl<^ted  and  will  sJnirtly  be  issued. 


26 


l¥od0§dtngs  of  thff  Aiiaik  SatUi^. 


[Fe 


In  conseqtience  of  the  additional  grant  of  Rs,  3000  ptir  mm 
taade  by  the  Government  of  India  for  the  publictttion  of  8ancKTi| 
works,  annoiinoed  at  the  last  Annual  Meoting,  the  Sanscrit  serio^ 
has  made  ponsideralde  progreea.  Ko  leas  than  3Q  faMiiculi  huvfl 
been  issued  during  the  past  year,  against  9  in  1869  and  5  in  IdGS^j 

Babn  EAjondmUla  Miti-a  has  issued  2  fasciculi  of  the  Taittiriyi 
Brahmana  of  the   Black  Yujur  Yiida,    and  one  of  tho  Xrauyakn 
Both  works  are  now  almost  completed,    and   an  index   is   in  th^ 
coiLTseof  preparation.     Paudita  Xnaiidafhandra  Vedautavagiaa  ha 
published  10  fasciculi  of  the  Tandya  Mahalirahmana,  and  eight  fajsciJ 
culi  of  the  Srauta  Siitra  of  LatySyana.     The  Council  have  entrusted 
tho  publication  of  the  Stoa  Veda  SanhitS  to  Pandita  Satyavrat 
Sdmaararai  who  hoa  already  issued  the  first  fasciculus  of  the  satJ 
with  the  Commentaries  of  Sftyana.  Paudita  Harachandra  Vidyrtho 
shana  has  published  three  fasinculi  of  tho  Agni  Purana,  and  one  of 
the  Gopatha  Brikmana  of  the  Atharva  Veda.     He  has  also  issued.^ 
the  Gopala  Tapani  of  the  same  Yeda,  with  the  commentary  of  Vis 
oavara.     Pandita  Rdmamaya  Tarkaratna  of  the  Sanscrit  College 
Calcutta,  has  publlnhed  one  fasciculus  of  the  Nrisinha  T&pani  witB 
Sankora's     Commentary  ;    another    fasciculus   will    complete   th« 
work*     Pandita  Mahesachandra  Nyayaratna  has  issued  one  fa^4 
cidus  each  of  the  Mamansa  Parsaua  and  the  Sauhita  of  the   Bhiri 
Yajur  Veda,     Pandita  Cluindrakauta  Turkalaukira  is  now   editing 
the  Oobhila  Sutra,  and  a  fasciculus  of  the  same  is  soon  to  be  issai^dJ 

During  1870,  BAbu  RAjendrahila  Afitra  issued  the  first  number  of 
Notices  of  **  Sanscrit  Manuscripts,"  and  a  second  number  has  jugtl 
been  published,  Babu  Eajendraldla's  annual  report  on  the  work  done 
by  the  traveUing  pandit  will  appear  at  the  end  of  the  official  year. 

Professor  E.  B,    Cowell   issued   his   translation    of  the    Mait 
Upanishad,  and  Rev.  K.  M,  Banerj«a  the  first  fasciculus  of 
translation  of  the  Brahma  Sutra. 


The  following  is  a  detailed  list  of  works  published  dm-ing   1870j 
Old  Sen'es,  Arabic, — A  Biogi-aphicol  Dictionary  of  Persons  who 
knew   Muhammad,    by   Ibii    Hajfir,   edited   in  Arabic  by  Maulavi^ 
AbJtd  Hili,  No3.  225,  226,  Fade,  VXII  and  IX  of  Vol.  IV. 


1&7L] 


Proe0*dingi  of  the  A$iatte  Soeifti/. 


27 


iV>w  Serm,  Ptntm, — The  Mnntakhab  al  Lubab  of  Khafi  Khan, 
edited  by  Maulavis  Kabir  al  Din  Ahmad  and  Ghulam  Qadir,  Nos, 
178,  180,  186,  192,  204,  205,  Fasc.  XIII  to  XYIIL 

The  Ain  i  Akbari  bj  Abul  Fazl  i  Mubarak  i  AllAmij  edited  by 
H,  Blochmanti,  M.  A.,  Nos.  \\)%  211,  Fa«c  XI,  XII. 

The  Maasir  i  'Alamgiri  of  Muhammad  Saqi  Miisf  aidd  Khan, 
edited  by  Maulavi  Aghd  Ahmad  Ali,  No.  195,  210,  lh\m.  1,  11. 

The  Farhang  i  Eushidi  by  Mullii  Abdur  Ka^bid  of  Tattah,  edited 
and  annotated  by  Maulavi  ZuLfaqdr  All,  -No.  200,  Faso.  I. 

Old  Series^  Satmrii. — The  Taittiriya  Bmhmana  of  the  Black 
Tajur  Veda,  with  the  eommontary  uf  Sayan;iebarya,  edited  by  B4bu 
Eajendral^a  Mitra,  Nob.  222,  223,  Pasc.  XXHI,  XXIV. 

The  Sanliita  of  the  Black  Tajur  Veda  with  the  commentnry  of 
Madhava  A'chdiya,  edited  by  Mahosachandra  Nayaratna,  Vul.  HI ; 
No.  224,  Fasc.  XXIII. 

AW  iSWfV*,  tSamcrit* — Tfindya  Mahfibrahmaua  with  the  oommen- 
tury  of  Sdyana  Ach^ryya,  edited  by  Anandacihandra  Vtjdantavagifta, 
No8. 179, 182, 188, 190, 191, 199,206, 207, 212, 21 7, Faec.  IV  to Xlll. 

The  Srauta  Sutra  of  Latydyana,  with  the  eouimenlary  of  Af^ni- 
swami,  edited  by  Anandaehancbra  VcdatttaTagiBa,  Nos.  181,  184, 
185,  187,  196,  198,  202,  2i:i,  Faso.  I  to  VIII. 

Gopala  Tapani  of  the  Atharva  Veda,  with  the  commentary  of 
Visvesvara,  edited  by  Harachandra  Vidyabhushana  and  Visvani* 
tha  tSastri,  No.  183. 

The  Agni  Purana,  a  eyfitem  of  Hindu  Mythology  and  Tradition 
in  the  origrnal  Sanscrit,  edited  by  Haradiandra  Vidyabhixehana, 
No*  189,  197,  201,  Fasc,  I  to  III. 

The  Taitteriya  A'rimyaka  of  the  Black  Yajiir  Veda,  with  the  com- 
ment ai*y  of  S6yandchai'aya,  edited  by  Ilajendraldla  Mitra,  No.  203, 
Fasc,  LX. 

The  Mim&n8&  Darsana,  with  the  eommentajy  of  8aYara  Swa- 
niin,  editnd  by  Pandita  Mahesachandra  Nyayaratna,  Noe.  208,  209, 
Fase.  IX  and  X. 

Oopatha  Brahmana  of  the  Atharva  Veda  in  the  Original  San- 
scrit, edited  by  Harachandra  Vidyabhusana,  No.  215,  Fa»e.  I. 

The  Nrisiuha  Tdpanl  with  the  commentary  of  Sankai*a  Xehiirya, 
edited  by  liamamaya  Tarkaratna,  No.  216,  Fa^c.  I. 


28 


Proeeedin^s  ofiha  Aiiatie  Society, 


[FebJ 


Hn^h'sh  Tl'amlaiiom, — Tlie  Am  i  Akbori  of  Abul  Fad  i  Allaiui. 
Trandated  irom  the  Peraian  by  II.  Blochmaan,  M.  A.,  No.  194^ 
Yob  I,  Fase.  lY.  ^ 

Old  Series,  Samcrit. — TheMaitri  Upaniflhad  with  the  commentar]^^ 
of  liaiuatii'tba,    edited  with   an   English   Tranelation    by  E.    B. 
OoweU,  M.  A. 

New  Seriei,  Samcrii. — Tlie  Brahma  Snti-ae,  with  the  comment 
of  Sankarach^rj^a  translated  into  Euglifih  by  Kev.  K.  M.  Bauexje 
No.  214,  Fasc.  I. 

FiNAJfCE. 

The  Council  has  already  had  occasion  to  remark  tliat  the  finan* 
cial  condition  of  the  Society  is  satisfactory.  The  expenditure  hm 
been  as  much  as  possible  kept  within  the  estimated  liniit**  of  thfi^H 
various  items,  regulated  by  the  income.  The  actual  income  ha^H 
exceeded  the  estimated  Inconie  by  Es.  745 ,  while  at  the  same  time 
a  Having  of  Es.  582  was  effected  in  the  estimated  expenditure, 
thus  making  a  total  sui'plu8  of  Bs.  1,327,  which,  added  to  the 
balance  of  Us,  1,540,*  left  to  the  credit  of  the  Society  at  the  dose  i 
1869,  makes  a  grand  total  of  !Rs.  2,867.  The  reserved  funds  of  tin 
Society  in  Government  Securities,  amoujiting  to  Bs.  2000,  remaiue 
the  same  as  in  the  previous  year. 

The  Council  were  anxious  to  secure  this  surplus  for   the  benefl 
of  the  Society^  because  they  expect  that  in  a  short  time  a  oonsidel 
ablw  outlay  will  be  required  for  the  repairs  of  the   building,    ana 
tliey  ai'e  equally  alive  to  the  necessity  of  increasing  the   amountp 
to  bo  devoted  for  the  jiroper  accommodation  and   aiTnngement  o^^ 
the  library,  as  soon  as  suHicient  ro<mi  for  it  can  be  obtained.  ^| 

An  abstract  of  the  accounts  for  the  year   1B70  ib  shewn  in  the 
subjoined  table  : — 

Income. 

Actual  1870. 
Admission  fees,  . .  #  •  Bs,       864     0 

Subscriptions,  ..  •<  •*  *,    8,812   10 

Publications,      ••  ..  •.  ..    1,903     I 

Library,  t ,  •.  ..  ..  ..        752   T4 

Coin  Fund,  ♦ .  . .  . .  .  •  0     0 

*  Excluding  £upot}«  SiRi-iO-O,  held  ta  triuii  for  Dr.  J.  Mair. 


1871.]                    Proceedings  of  the  Astatic  Society.  29 

Seoretary*8  Office,       .•                 ..                 ..  ..  287  6     0 

Vested  Fund,      ..                 ..                 ..  ..  110  0     0 

Miscellaiieous,            ••                 ..                 ..  ••  914  4  10 


ia,644     4     1 
Ool.  E.  T.  Dalton's  Ethnology  of  Bengal,  ..    5,000     0     0 

Conservation  of  Sanscrit  MSS.,  . .  ..    3,703     2     9 


22,347     6  10 


Balance  of  1869,  in  the  Bank  of  Bengal  : 

Dr.  J.  Muir,  ..  ..       898  10     0 

Asiatic  Society,  ..     1,411     4     7 

Gash  in  hand,  . .       128     1     9 

1,539     6     4 

2,438     0     4 


Es.    24,785     7     2 


Expenditure. 

Publications,    Rs.  5,239  13  5 

Library, 2,472  8  3 

Secretary's  Office, 2,585  2  3 

Building,     9l0  10  3 

Coin  Fund, 13  6  4 

Vested  Fund, 0  4  4 

Miscellaneous,    1,633  7  10 


12,854  15     8 

Ethnology  of  Bengal,   5,000     0     0 

Oonseryation  of  Sanscrit  MSS.,   < . , . .     1,527     6     6 


19,382     6     2 
Balance  of  1870,  in  the  Bank  of  Bengal. 

Dr.J.Muir,  898   10     0 

Conservation  of  Sanscrit  MSS., 1,653     1     9 

2,551    II     9 


Frocetidinffs  qf  tft4  A  sin  fir  Sncifft^. 


[Feb. 


Amatie  Society, ....*..    2^725     6 

irash  in  hand, 125  15 


2,851     5     3 


5,403 


Es.  24,7a5     7 


Tour  Council  ^esiro  to  pltw^e  on  rtH^^ird,  that  they  have  had  lin- 
ger their  yonaideratiou  the  very  iniportaut  question  of  roductioa 

[i*ii  Riil>8mj»tiouH  now  oontrihute^i  hy  Tnemliors,  vvht^ther  resideu 
fer  non-resident.  They  have  t'ftU:ulatL*d  the  immediate  loss  of  an^ 
Bual  reeeipta  wliiiih  this  would  produce,  and  carefully  esttmat 
how  far  and  how  soon  they  coiild  Justly  nnticipato  that  the  incom^ 
of  the  Society  wouhl  rorjovctr  itsoU'.  Th»^y  are  eonfideiit,  that  such 
reduction  of  thosubHCjriptiu OS  would  lead  to  a  future  increase 
income,  by  bringing  to  the  Society  a  considerable  increase  in  th^ 
number  of  members,  and  would  at  the  same  time  render  that  ic 
4foni6  le«8  Huutuuting  by  placing  it  on  a  wider  and  more  secur 
basis*  They  felt  strongly  also  that  these  benefits  shoidd  be  grautlj 
i#d  to  the  membei's  of  the  Society  at  the  oarliost  possible  date : 

going  that  the  time  is  now  near  at  hand  (23rd  Marth,  1871),  whe^ 
the  Society  under  their  conti^aet  with  tlie  Government  of  India  will 
liecome  entitlt?d  to  such  permanent  addition  to  their  income,  as  ma 
b«  realized  for  the  u^e  of  the   building  which  they  now   occupjj 
(and  which  is  valued  and  assessed   at  400  E.s.  per  month),  the 
were  disponed  to  recommend  to  the  S«xuety  the  immediate  reductioJ 
of  the  subscription  of  resident  members  by  one-third,    and  of  noal 
resident  members  by  one-sixth  of  their  present  contributions.     Any 
immediate  reduction  of  income,   resulting   from   this  action,  won 
have  heen  more  than  recouped  by  the  rent  of  their  premises, 
ter  a  full  consideration,  however,    they  have  for  viirious  reason 
resolved  to  leave  this  veiy  important  question  until  the  time  shu 
have  actually  urrivtid,   when  the  Socittty   will   become  entitled  1 
realise  this  addition  to  tht^Ii-  permanent   income.     They  con£ 
themselves,  therefore,  to  expressing  the  hope,  based  on  their  ooij 
viction  of  the  importance  of  the  matter,    that  their  successors  i 
oilico  may   be  enabled  to  satisfy  the  wishes  and  ju&it  expectation 


.i87l.]  Proceedingi  aj  the  Asuiitc  Society,  31 

of  the  members  of  the  Society  by  carrying  out  at  an  early  date  this 
important  change. 

Rejecting,  therefore  for  the  present,  the  consideration  of  this 
question  as  affecting  the  income  of  the  Society,  the  Council  beg  to 
submit  the  following  estimate  of  the  probable  receipts  and  expendi- 
ture. 

Income.  ExPENDirnRK. 

Admission  fees, Es.       900     00  000 

Subscriptions, , 8,500     0     0  0     0     0 

Publications,       1,500     0     0  5,000     0     0 

Library, 600     0     0  2,600     0     0 

Coin  Fund, 0     0     0  100     0     0 

Secretary's  Office, 0     0     0  2,800     0     0 

Miscellaneous,     1,000     0     0  1,000     0     o 

Building, 0     0     0  1,00P     0     0 


Bs.   12,500     0     0  12,500     0     0 


Officers. 

The  general  duties  of  the  Secretary,  including  the  publication  of 
the  monthly  Proceedings,  have  been,  as  likewise  in  the  previous 
year,  carried  on  by  the  Honorary  Secretaries,  Mr.  H.  Blouh- 
mann  and  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka.  The  Piiilological  Part  (I.)  of  the 
Journal  has  been  edited  by  Mr.  Blochmann,  and  the  Natural 
History  Part  (II.)  by  Dr.  Stoliczka. 

Colonel  H.  Hyde  carried  on  the  duties  of  Financial  Secretary 
and  IVeasurer. 

The  Council  desire  to  record  their  satisfaction  with  the  g^od  ser- 
vices which  Babu  Pratapachandra  Ghosha  has  rendered  to  the 
Society  as  Assistant  Secretary  and  Librarian ;  they  also  favourably 
report  on  the  services  of  Babu  Mauiiaia  Bysaok,  and  Mauiavi 
Sayyid  Waliuila,  assistants  in  the  office  and  library. 


List  of  Societies  and  other  Institutions  with  which  exchanges  of 
publications  have  been  made  during  1870. 
Batavia  :  —Societe  des  Sciences  des  ludes  Nederland  mm. 
Berlin  : — Royal  Academy. 


32 


Pfoceedingi  of  the  Amatie  Society, 


[Feb. 


Bombay  : — ^Koyal  Asiatic  Society. 

Boston  : — Natural  History  Society. 

Bordeaux  : — Bordeaux  Academy, 

Buenos  Aires  : — Public  Museum. 

Bruxelles  \ — Academic  Koyal©  des  Sdenoes  &c.  de  Belgique. 

Cherbourgh  : — Societe  Impt^riixlo  des  Sciences  Naturelles. 

CftlcaUta  : — Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Society  of  India. 

: — Tattvavodhini  Sabha. 

: — Geological  Survey  of  India. 

Christiauitt : — ^University, 
Dacca  : — Dacca  News  and  Planters'  Journal. 
Dera  : — Great  Trigonometrical  Survey. 
Dublin  : — Hoyol  Irish  Academy, 

* : — Natural  History  Society* 

£dinburgh  : — Itoyal  Society, 
Germany  : — Oriental  Society. 
Lahore  : — Agricultural  Society  of  Funjab. 
London : — Boyal  Society. 

: — Boyal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 

: — Boyal  Institution. 

:— Boyal  Qeograpliical  Sodety. 

'  ; — Museum  of  Practicid  Geology* 

*— —  : — Zoological  Society, 
-  : — Statistical  Society, 

— : — Geological  Society. 

^  : — Linnean  Society. 

:— AtbeasBum* 

; — Anthropological  Society, 

: — Nature, 

Lyon  t — Agricultural  Society. 

Moec^v  I — ^Societe  des  Naturaliates. 

Miinich  : — Boyal  Academy* 

Madras  v — Government  Central  Museum. 

Manchester  : — Literary  and  Philosophical  Society. 

New  York  : — Commissioners  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Netherlands  : — Bojal  Society, 

Forla  : — ^Ethnographlcal  Society. 


1871.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  33 

Paris  : — Geographical  Society. 

-^— —  : — Asiatic  Society. 

St.  Petersburg}! : — Imperial  Academy  of  Science. 

Yienna  :— Imperial  Academy  of  Science. 

-^—  ; — Anthropological  Society. 

— —  :  — Zoological  and  Botanical  Society. 

: — Imperial  Royal  Geological  Institute. 

Washington  : — Smithsonian  Institution. 


It  was  proposed  by  D.  Waldie,  Esq.,  and  seconded  by  H.  11. 
Locke,  Esq.,  that  the  report  be  adopted. — Carried. 

The  President  requested  Mr.  II.  H.  Locke,  and  Mr.  J.  Wood- 
Mason  to  act  as  Scrutineers. 

During  the  time  that  the  balloting  lists  for  the  election  of  officers 
and  members  of  Council  of  the  Society  were  examined,  the  Presi- 
dent addressed  the  meeting. 

PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

Gentlemen, — It  will  be  seen  from  the  report  of  the  Council  tliat 
the  administration  of  our  finances  during  the  past  year  has  been 
effected  with  care,  and  has  been  such  as  to  exhibit  very  satisfactory 
results.  For  this,  in  great  measure,  we  have  to  thank  our  excel- 
lent Financial  Secretary,  Colonel  Ilydo.  The  diminution  of  income, 
however,  which  appears  to  be  imminent  as  a  consequence  of  an 
apparently  growing  loss  of  members,  will  seriously  cripple  the  So- 
ciety, unless  the  current  can  be  turned  and  our  numbers  be  speedi- 
ly augmented  by  new  accessions.  Unfortunately,  the  position  in 
which  the  Society  has  for  some  time  been,  and  still  is,  kept  by 
reason  of  the  non-completion  of  the  New  Museum  building,  is  one 
of  grievous  embarrassment  and  disadvantage.  The  greater  part  of 
our  house  space  is  taken  up  by  the  Museum  Trustees  under  statu- 
table powers  for  the  purpose  of  displaying  the  c^ollections  to  the 
public.  Our  valuable  library  is  rendered  practically  useless,  for 
want  of  standing  ground  whereon  to  range  the  cases.  And  we 
have  no  room  in  which  we  can  properly  set  out  the  current  literary 


84 


fmsudiH^K  oj  thti  Asiatic  Sacietf, 


and  scientific  perioclieala  for  inRpLH^tion  and  daily  reference  on  tho 
part  of  our  members.  TJius  it  ha^  on  tbis  account  alone  become 
matter  of  puliljc  noDceru,  that,  live  existing  state  af  tkitiga  »lioiild 
not  be  proloiiged.  Moreover,  by  the  Museum  A^t  of  1 8(36,  tli9 
Connc^il  of  the  Soeiety  was  in  a  manner  eliarged  with  the  duty  of 
eeeing  that  tlu>  biiildin|j  to  be  eret-ted  by  the  Government  under 
the  terms  of  that  Act  for  tlie  receptiou  of  tlio  CoUuetiuuB  should  be 
fit  and  proper  for  it«  object.  And  the  period  preftvribed  by  th© 
LegiBhitti re  for  the  completion  of  this  building  extended  only  to 
23r<l  March,  1871.  When,  tht-u,  in  the  otuly  part  of  the  past 
year  it  was  seen  that  the  Museum  huihiiug  works  remained  at  a 
stand  still,  and  no  sign  was  given  by  the  Govei'nment  of  any  im- 
mediate inteution  to  resume  them,  it  became  incumbent  upon  the 
Ooundl,  as  well  on  aceount  of  the  interests  of  the  Society  as  by 
reason  of  their  statutable  obUgations,  to  press  the  exigency  of  the 
case  upon  the  attention  of  Government.  Actuated  by  this  double 
motive,  honourable  abke,  I  venture  to  think  on  either  pai-t,  the 
Council  wrote  to  the  Government  of  India,  and  received  in  reply  a 
letter,  which  appeariug  aa  it  does  to  ignore  or  set  a^ido  the  orii^i- 
nal  agreement  made  with  the  Society,  hat*  been  to  your  OouneU 
matter  of  gi-ave  eoncern  and  regret.  I  will  not,  however,  dwell 
upjn  this  uupleajiant  iucid*tut,  lor  after  all,  it  may  have  been  leaa 
due  to  design  than  to  gaucherie  and  nmladroitness  in  tho  State 
Becretariat. 

I  am  sorry  to  say  that  the  eorrespondonce  between  your  Coua- 
cil  aud  tho  Govemmeut  has  \vd  to  uothiug  defiuite.  The  Counoil| 
in  their  reply  to  the  commuuicatiou  of  wliich  I  have  spokeni 
while  they  remonstrated  against  tlie  attitude  wliie^  the  Govern- 
ment assumed  towards  them,  expressed  their  readiness  to  do  all  in 
their  power  to  assist  the  Goverumeut  out  of  ita  diiliculties.  To 
this  no  answer  has  been  returned  to  us.  And  the  matter  therefore 
stands  thus :  The  Government  is  under  a  statutable  contract  with 
the  So<!iety  to  complete  the  Museum  building  by  the  2:ird  of  m-^xt 
month,  so  far  as  to  render  it  fitted  to  receive  the  extensive  natural 
liiatory  and  archceological  collections  which  should  tht^u  be  ii'ana- 
ferred  to  the  Museum  Tru^^tees.  By  the  same  contract,  on  Uv^ 
completion  of  the  building,  the  fciociety  is  to  have  a  poHiou  tlmreof 


1871.] 


Frocitdin^M  of  tU  Amaiic  Smetif, 


U 


for  its  own  aoeommoclation,  and  for  the  reception  of  iU  Library  and 
otlier  property.  Our  present  house  would  thus,  on  the  Govern* 
ment  fultilliug  its  undertaking,  become  an  additional  soui*ce  of  ra^ 
Tenue  to  ujs.  These  advantages  to  the  8c>tji«ty  wej-e  the  considera- 
tion for  tlie  transior  to  the  Government  on  hehtilt'  of  the  pubUc  of 
I  our  exceedingly  valuable,  and  in  many  respects,  unique  collections. 
And  so  far  as  the  public  are  toncoruBd,  this  transfer  t'Ook  eliert  from 
ilie  time  of  passing  the  Act,  for  it  was  oug  of  the  tonus  of  tlie  Act, 
that  the  eolleetions  of  the  Society  and  the  additions  thereto  (sub- 
sequently to  be  made)  slioidd,  until  the  building  was  so  far  com- 
pleted, as  to  be  In  a  condition  to  rei  eive  them,  remain  in  the  Socie- 
ty's houBtJ  under  the  care  of  the  Museum  Trustees,  and  eljould  be 
open  to  all  persons  desin^ue  to  view  the  same  under  rules  to  be 
established  by  the  Trustees,  Thia  term  in  the  contract  has  been 
fally  complied  with.  And  the  result  has  been,  that  for  some  time 
pa»t,  the  Society  has  been  in  the  situadon  of  need,  and  embarrass- 
ment which  I  have  already  described.  I  do  not  wish  to  exaggerate 
the  difficulty  which  the  Council  now  experiencos  in  merely  miiin- 
taiuing  the  existence  i»o  to  speak  of  the  Society.  It  is  enough  to 
say  tliat  it  is  very  great,  and  increases  every  day.  By  our  contract 
with  the  Government  no  dotibt  we  were  bound  to  bear  this  burdea 
for  a  time,  and  we  have  no  right  to  complain  that  it  has  proved  to 
be  mure  heavy  than  we  anticipated.  Uut  we  are  entitled  to  expect 
tlmt  the  Government  will  perform  its  side  of  the  bargain,  at  tuiy 
rate  to  the  extent  of  enabling  us  to  get  iree  of  the  most  heavy  of 
our   obligati«ins   at   the    appointed  date*     I  wish  to  assume  tliat  it 

I  will  do  HO,  Although  it  is  plainly  impossible  that  the  Museum 
buihling  should  be  completed  on  the  2drd  March,  we  have  reason 
to  believe,  indeed  I  may  say  wo  know,  tiint  the  works  will  be  re- 
sumed almoHt  iiumediutely,  aiid  will  be  carried  on  to  some  sort  of 
completion  at,  peihapt<,  no  very  distant  date.  It  will,  however,  b© 
jfclrery  serious  matter  to  us,  if  we  should  be  compelled  to  remain 
m  our  present  situation  until  the  building  be  made  litted  in 
any  degree  to  receive  the  collections.  And  there  is  no  reason,  why 
we  should  be  called  upon  to  suffer  in  this  way.  There  is  certainly 
a  choice  of  modes  for  the  Ooveriunent  in  which  it  can  aHbr<l  us 
relief,  and  1  do  not  evon  now  doubt  that  it  will  adopt  one  or  tho 


8B  JPro€i0dm08  of  the  Aaiatk  Brnkfy.  [Fjui* 

other  of  them.  It  is  nevertheless  much  to  be  deplored  that  the  Go* 
veniment  has  not  yet,  at  the  eleventh  hour  I  may  say>  made  u«  ac- 
quainted with  the  course  which  it  propoaes  to  pursue, 

Tlie  Society  hag,  I  regret  to  stato,  su8t:iiuud  the  loss  of  several 
valuahle  members  by  death  during  the  past  year,  Th**  names  are 
all  given  iu  the  Ruport  of  the  Council,  and  I  will  only  repeat  one 
or  two  of  them  here. 

Of  those,  Mr.  Avtlall  was  our  oldest  member*  He  was  elected  so 
long  ago  as  the  year  1826»  and  always  maintained  a  strong  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  iho  Society.  He  contributed  several  papers  to 
the  Journal. 

Babu  Kaliprofiona  Bingh,  although  at  the  time  of  his  death  still 
a  young  man^  had  distinguished  himsolf  by  his  Bengali  translation 
of  the  Hahabharat  in  18  volumes.  He  had  also  tranalut^^d  some 
Sanscrit  Dramas,  and  was  known  as  the  author  of  Sketches  by 
Hootoone, 

Mr,  Orm«by,  was  for  a  short  time  one  of  the  Honorary  SecretarieB 
of  the  Society. 

AndLt.  Beavn  was  a  naturalist  of  conisiderable  proniL^o. 
1  have  alrendy  spoken  of  the  success  which  has  attended  the  ad- 
ministration of  our  funds  during  the  year,  just  terminated  and  have 
acknowle^Jged  how  much  we  owe  to  Colonel  Hyde  for  his  exertions 
in  tliis  department.  We  are  not  the  less  indebted  to  our  other  Ho- 
norary SocTetarie»,  Mr.  Blochniann  and  Dr,  Stoliczka,  who  by  their 
unwearied  labours,  and  the  application  of  their  great  literary  and 
scientific  acquirements  have  brought  our  Journal,  in  the  Philologi- 
cal and  Natural  History  parts  respectively,  t^>  a  high  pitch  of  exctd- 
lence.  Also  both  Babu  H^jendralala  Mitra  and  Mr.  Blochniunn 
have  done  groat  public  service  by  mowt  ably  editing,  and  superiu- 
tendiiig  the  publication  of  the  Sanscrit  and  Persian  w  urks  which 
we  have  been  able  to  issue  under  the  Government  grant  for  that 
purpose  ;  and  the  other  learned  pundits,  engaged  in  the  undertaking, 
have  done  their  work  in  a  manner  deserving  our  best  couimenda 
tion. 

The  salaried  staff  of  the  Society,  with  Babu  Frotapachandn^ 
OhosliH  at  their  head»  have  performed  their  several  duties  to  the 
entire  satisf action  of  the  Council. 


187L] 


Pf^c<fsdtng$  of  ike  A$iaiic  Societjf, 


37 


If  I  strictly  conformed  to  the  custom  which  generally  regulates 
the  character  of  the  presiduiitial  addre^i^ea  iu  Soeietiea  such  as  this, 
I  sliould,  at  this  point,  eudearotir  to  set  out  in  some  detail  the 
more  remarkable  steps  of  advance  which  have  been  taken  in  scienc 
during  the  past  year.  I  refrain,  however,  from  following  the  usua 
course  for  two  reasons.  Firstly,  because  our  table  is  now  so  amply 
supplied  with  the  Journals  and  Pruoeedings  of  the  principal  scien- 
tific bodies  of  the  West,  that  any  of  our  members  can,  by  a  glance 
at  a  few  title  pages,  acquire  a  fuller  knowledge  of  that  which  haa 
lately  been»  and  is  now  being  dt>ne  by  the  Savants  of  Europe  and 
America,  than  I  could  convey  to  him  with  the  labour  of  many  hours," 
at  the  risk  after  all  of  passing  over  his  particular  subject  of  inter* 
est.  Secondly,  and  indeed  I  may  say  chiefly,  because  I  wish  to 
avail  myself  of  this  ojiportuiiity  foi*  the  purpose  of  pressing  upon 
yoiu?  notice  with  earnestness,  though  at  no  great  length,  a  topic 
which  I  conceive  to  be  of  considerable  moment  to  tlie  interests  uf 
meteorological  science  throughout  the  world. 

Let  me  first,  however,  offer  a  few  words  of  preface,  for  I  do  nut 
assume  that  all,  whom  I  desire  to  addressi  are  oonversatit  with  i 
meteorological  facts  relevant  to  my  object. 

We  moat  of  us  know  in  a  more  or  less  generid  way  that  nearly 
all  the  more  important  atmospheric  currents,  i.  0.  the  jiersistent 
winds,  gales  and  storms,  owe  their  origin  to  the  vertical  displace* 
ment  of  air  which,  by  reason  of  the  sun's  action,  is  continually  tak* 
ing  place  over  a  certain  eqaatorial  belt  of  the  earth's  surface.  I 
need  not  now  describe  the  procesa  (thougli  it  is  well  to  rememlior 
that  it  is  not  perfectly  simple)  by  whi>h  the  air  over  this  belt  be- 
comes rariiicd  and  is  caused  to  ascend.  It  is  enough  fur  my  pre* 
sent  object  to  remind  you  that  the  imtnediato  conaeqm'ncij  of  this 
upward  movement  ia  a  cairn  or  rather  oomparative  absence  of 
horizontal  motion  in  the  air  over  the  belt  in  qnestion,  an  inflow  of 
l^jur  along  the  earth's  surface  frutn  the  direction  of  itiich  pole  to- 
wards and  up  to  ihia  belt  and  a  corresponding  t?uffl^»w  nltoyo,  of 
the  rifien  air  from  the  belt  towards  the  polos. 

The  I'otatiou  of  the  earth  introducoa  an  apparent  modilication  of 
these  simple  phenomena.  If  the  siu-face  of  the  earth  were  perfect- 
ly smooth,  the  relative  course  ui>on  it  of  a  £i"eo  heavy  x>*ti"ticle,   sup- 


38 


Proewdinifi  of  ike  Attiaiie  Society, 


[Fb 


poaod  to  be  approftching  the  equntop  and  to  ha  moving  under  the 
influoTice  of  an  initial  volocity,  would  in  cousequenoo  of  the  rotiition, 
be  »ueh  us  to  ant  the  fluece»«ive  parnlleb  of  bititude  lit  ooutinonlly 
dimiuishin^  angles  on  tlio  ofistem  tside ;  and  the  case  would  be 
reversed  for  a  partial u  receding  from  the  equator.  Or  to  state  the 
Barao  proposition  soraewliat  ditFerentlj,  a  particle  st^irting  witli  a 
given  velomty,  in  passing  from  tho  smaller  ciroles  of  latitude  to  the 
larger  would,  as  it  wont  on,  eeem  to  observers  at  each  8uece«sive 
point  in  its  course  to  be  coming  from  a  more  and  more  easterly 
direttion,  while  conversely  in  passing  from  the  birgnr  cirdua  to  the 
smaller  its  apparent  diret'ti**u  would  grow  to  be  more  and  more 
westerly.  It  is  true  that  the  earth's  surface  cannot  be  considered 
smooth  even  as  regards  its  action  upon  such  a  mobile  fluid  as  iha 
atmoisphere.  The  horizontal  motion  of  masses  of  air  over  the 
earth  is  much  dieeked  by  fritition  along  the  surface  of  contact  or 
more  correctly  by  the  obstruction  wUit;h  is  uffordtHl  by  iJie  eartli^a 
inequulitiea  of  surface.  Still  the  effect  of  this  disturbiug  cause  is 
upon  the  whole  of  a  subordinate  character ;  and  gpealdng  generally 
withont  regard  to  special  localities  or  occasitms,  I  may  say  that  the 
law  which  expresst^s  the  motion  of  a  free  particle  relative  to  the 
earthi  also  gives  with  some  degree  of  approximation  the  course  of 
moving  x^ortiona  of  the  atmosphere.  The  tiow  of  pdar  air  towards 
the  equatorial  belt,  of  which  I  have  spoken,  thus  becomea  an  eat^ 
terly  wind  in  both  hemispheres,  while  the  upper  outflow  or  anti» 
trade  cun-ent  is  westerly  and  in  both  cases  with  a  certain  exception 
the  longer  the  course  by  which  the  ciurent  has  reached  a  given 
pointp  the  greater  is  its  deviation  from  a  polar  direction.  This 
explanation  of  the  trade  winds  and  of  the  intervening  belt  of  calms 
was  developed,  more  than  a  century  ago,  by  Halley  and  all  ob- 
servations since  made  have  served  moat  fully  to  demonstrate  its 
truth. 

It  is  comparatively  lately,  however,  that  Dove  and  others  have 
shown  that  the  atmospheric  phenomena  of  the  trade  and  inter-trade 
regions  are  but  simple  teases  of  the  air-movements  which  take  pla<^ 
outside  those  limits.  For  instance,  the  well  known  veeiing  of 
winds  in  the  temperate  zone  is  now  held  to  be  referable  to  precise^ 
ly  the  some  cause  as  is  the  peculiar  constant  direction  of  the  trade- 


187K] 


Proce^dintfB  of  ths  Aniaih  Sacktif, 


d9 


currents,  There  is  not  rautih  diffimiity  in  perceiving  one  great  rea- 
ton  why  the  prohlems  furnishod  bj  the  extra-tropical  parte  of  the 
Jobe  are  of  e»2>ecial  eoniploxitj.  The  volume  of  vapoiir-bearin^ 
air  whi<-'h,  rising  from  the  equatorial  belt  and  escaping  away  noi-th- 
wards  and  sonthwarda,  coaatitutes  the  anti-trades,  must^  so  to  speak, 
fihi'ink  in  volume  as  it  proceeds  tuwai'ds  the  poles.  It  advances  or 
flows  away  from  the  place  of  as<^:eat  in  t^nsequenue  of  the  superio- 
rity of  the  horizontal  pressure  which  is  represented  by  the  sum  of 
its  own  tension  and  that  of  its  contained  vapour  at  thn  hoight, 
where  the  lateral  escape  occurs  over  that  of  tb©  adjacent  purtioa 
of  atmosphere.  And  it  is  enabled  to  pass  into  and  lit  itweU  to  the 
gradually  le&seniug  spherictd  spae(3  which,  as  the  residt  of  gravita- 
tion, corresponds  to  the  higher  latitude  of  the  teiTestrial  globe, 
bec4iU8G  it  gradually  cools  by  radiation  on  its  journey  and  as  it 
cools  contracts.  The  necossai-y  result  of  this  process  is,  that  tlia 
onward  flowing  mixture  of  air  and  vaptmr  comes  to  bo  at  some 
point  epecihcally  heavier  than  the  compnratively  dry  air  which 
feeds  the  trades  below  it,  and  which  is  itself  underg<»ing  a  converse 
.nrocess.  Consequently  the  upper  sti'eam  lalls,  or  ratliur  (lor  it  ifl 
)Elf  course  at  any  couftidorabie  disttuice  fr^jm  the  e*[Uutor  gonerully 
moving  with  a  high  relative  velocity)  drives  through  the  lower 
i|rtratum,  and  makes  it«  appearance  on  the  earth's  surfai'e  as  a  wteudy 
*  Bouthwcst  wind  in  the  northern  hemisphere  and  as  a  northwest 
wind  in  the  southern  hemisphere.  The  dowiiooming  in  this  way 
of  the  anti-trades  determiues  the  outKide  edge  of  the  belt,  over 
which  the  trades  prevail,  so  tliut  on  Iho  polar  side  of  this  etlge  the 
atmospheric  phenomena  are  the  resultants  of  a  totally  new  order  of 
things,  namely,  a  conflict  of  currents  of  equatorial  westerly  winda 
on  the  one  side  with  currents  of  pdar  easterly  winds  on  the  otJier, 
the  currents  constantly  tdiifting  beds  if%ter  a^  and  always  varying 
f  N^eatly  in  hygrometiical  condition.  We,  therefore*  see  ample  reii- 
eon  here  for  the  compleidly  and  variableness  of  the  atmospheric 
phenomena  in  the  extra -tropical  zones. 

I  have  so  far  entered  upon  these  details,  notwithstanding  that 
every  one  present  is  probably  more  or  leas  familiar  with  them,  sim- 
ply l»y  way  of  leailing  the  membyis  of  this  Society  and  indeed 
through  them,  persone  outaido  our  boily  to  consider  the  singidai*  ad- 


40 


Proceed  in ff 8  of  the  Aaiatie  Soeuft^* 


[Feb. 


vantages  which  India  ofTers  for  meteorological  obaervatioii  and  re* 
©earch.  The  great  peninsula  covering  a«  it  does  scarcely  less  than 
twenty-eight  degrees  of  latitude  is  in  various  resj^ects  so  special  in 
its  character,  tliat  the  periodic  sliiftings  of  the  equatorial  wind  belts 
of  which  I  have  spoken,  have  a  greater  range  above  its  surface  or 
in  its  neighbourhood  than  any  where  else  probably  in  the  whole 
circuit  of  the  globe.  Not  only  does  the  southorn  trade  belt  come 
tip  to  and  over  it  in  the  period  of  the  southwest  Monsoon,  but  in 
the  other  half  of  the  year  tho  polar  edge  of  the  northern  trades 
lies  far  to  the  south  of  the  Himalayas,  thus  bringing  some  of  the 
principal  phenomena  of  the  extra- trt^pical  region  well  witliin  the  I 
observation  of  the  Indian  Meteoitdogist,  So  low  as  Calcutta  we 
not  unfreqnently  get  warm  equatorial  breezes  and  showers  of  rain 
about  Christmas  time.  Also  neither  of  the  trade  winds  presetrved 
its  normal  character  in  our  region.  The  belt  of  highest  tempera- 
ture does  not,  where  it  transverses  this  pai-t  of  Asia  in  the  summer 
months,  mark  the  Icm^us  of  minimum  atmospheric  pressure  ;  obser* 
vatiou  appears  to  have  shown  that  this  minimum  prevails  at  that 
time  over  an  extensive  area  in  Central  Asia,  whOo  tliore  are  com-  | 
paratively  small  spots  of  relative  minimum  within  the  peninsula  i 
itself.  On  the  other  hand  in  the  winter  months  there  seems  common-  J 
ly  to  exist  in  the  northern  part  of  the  peninsula  a  locus  of  relative  1 
maximum  pressure.  The  coninequence  of  these  conditions  is,  that 
instead  of  a  trade-wind  in  tlie  ordinary  sense  of  the  teim,  u  tf.  an 
atmospheric  movement  ell'ected  in  approximately  parallel  currents 
towards  an  anuukis  whit:h  is  coincident  with  the  diui'iial  locus  of 
maximum  surface  temperature,  we  have  as  long  as  the  sun  is  on 
the  north  of  the  equator  a  monsoon  converging  towards  a  1o(jb1 
focus  of  low  pressure  which  lies  outside  that  annulus  ;  and  at  the 
opposite  period  of  the  year  we  perceive  tliat  tlie  wind  constantly 
inclines  away,  and  often  apparently  blows  directly,  from  a  centre  in 
the  upper  pai-t  of  ludia.  These  recurring  phenomena  appear  to  pre- 
eeut  such  a  particular  case  of  a  general  law  as  is  especially  valuable  ] 
for  the  purposes  of  sciontifie  inquiiy. 

Again   a  consideration  of  the   possible  causes   which   give  rise 
to   a  separation    between     the   simultaneous    positions   of  places  J 
of  minimum  pressure   and  of  maximum   heat  respectively,   leads 
us   to   see   another  reason    for   rating  highly  the  importance  of] 


187L] 


Proeeedififfs  ofOie  Asialie  Society, 


41 


Inflia  as  an  area  of  meteorological  obseiration.  The  height  at 
^hich  the  mercury  of  the  barometer  stands,  indicates  to  us 
sometluDg  more  than  the  mere  amount  of  atmospheric  pressure 
on  the  surface  of  the  mercury  in  the  bowl  of  tho  instrument. 
It  gives  US  the  woight  of  the  whole  superincumbent  column  of  air 
and  this  necessarily  varies  with  the  composition  of  that  column. 
Now  with  us  in  In^lla  during  a  great  part  at  least,  if  nut  the  whole 
of  the  year,  the  vertical  atmofsplieric  column  is  made  up  of  two 
radically  distinct  portions,  a  lower  and  an  upper,  tlie  one  polaTi 
comparatively  cool,  dry  and  dense,  the  other  equatorial  worm,  va- 
poiu'-bearing  and  specifically  light.  The  baronieter  is  immediate- 
ly affected  by  any  alteration  of  the  relations  between  these  portions. 
Also  the  heating  of  the  surface  soil  has  t]ie  effect,  iu  an  interval  of 
time  more  or  less  short,  of  dimini^hhuj  tho  uir-material  in  tho 
column  which  is  vertically  above  it,  and  of  contemporaneously  in- 
crenaiug  the  vapour  therein  as  long  as  a  source  of  vapour  remains 
at  the  base.  These  two  changes  are,  it  is  muuifest,  diumetx'ically 
opposite  in  chai*aoter,  and  it  would  be  impossible  to  say,  &  priori 
whicli  would  at  any  given  hour  prevail  over  the  other.  As  a  mat^ 
ter  uf  fact,  almost  univereally  over  all  zones  of  the  earth*s  surface, 
the  baroniHtric  column  exhibits  regular  diurnal  oscillations  in  it 
height.  In  the  temperate  zones  these  osciUations  ore  comparative- 
ly speaking,  snudl.  But  in  the  tropical  and  subtropical  regions 
the  ca-**e  is  different.  There,  the  barometer  discloses  considerable 
and,  well  marked  periodic  changes  of  atmospheric  pressure  during 
the  twenty  ffmr-hotirs,  constituting  in  the  whole  two  distinct  oscil- 
lations. At  iliiferent  times,  various  tlieories  huve  been  put  forward 
to  account  for  this  phenomenon*  I  need  not  now  endeavour  to 
specify  them  in  detail.  I  will,  however,  very  shortly  refer  to  two, 
in  order  to  indicate  the  veil  of  uncertainty  which  still  obscures  the 
subject  J  and  which  we  cannot  hojio  to  pierce  except  by  the  force  of 
pxhaustivo  observation.  One  explanation,  which  has  been  very 
Ktenaively  accepted,  is  based  on  the  imrticular  solar  agency  of 
which  I  have  just  spoken.  The  pressure  at  a  given  point  in  the 
atmosphere  (in  accordun(;e  with  a  well  known  law  of  pressure  in 
elastic  iluids)  is  taken  to  be  the  sum  of  two  separate  pressures, 
namely,  the  tension  of  the  vapour  ut  that  point  under  tlie  conditions 


44 


J^roce^dtH^i  of  th^  Anatio  Socief^* 


[Pbb. 


throughout  India  would  have  for  acienc^o  generally,  and  as  means 
for  the  solution  of  this  qiiestion  in  particular,  under  careful  analy- 
sia  and  comparison  ?  Every  condition  affecting  the  supply  of 
vapour  through  the  action  of  huut  at  tho  earth *s  gurlace,  is  a  cause 
which  iiitluencea  the  locid  atmospheric  jiresdure  in  a  direutian  con- 
trary to  that  iu  which  the  heat  alone  operates^  and  we  Und  such 
conditions  existing  in  notable  opposition  of  extreme  thronghont 
the  countries  which  are  immediately  subject  to  Her  Majesty's  Tu- 
dian  Government.  Need  I  contrast  the  maritime  and  the  t-onti- 
nental  tractsi,  the  deltas  and  the  inland  plateau:?^,  tho  plains  and 
the  mountain  peaks  which  I  may  say  are  paired  against  each 
other  from  the  Himalayas  to  Point  do  Galle  (more  than  the  breadth 
of  the  northern  tropic)  and  fn>m  the  west  coast  of  Malabar  to  the 
Salween.  In  truth  we  possess  in  India  almost  unrivalled  opportu- 
nities for  exainiuiwg  and  analysing  the  atmospheric  column  in  fill 
its  parts. 

Doubtless  the  daily  periodic  changes  of  pressure,  by  their  very 
nature,  are  ineffective  to  cause  anything  more  than  very  limited 
oscillatory  louid  movement  of  air  masses.  These  movements,  how- 
ever, are  not  always  insignificant  in  themstjlves,  as  for  instance  tli© 
land  and  sea  breezes  of  our  coast  districts,  tlie  winds  on  the  out-er 
iianks  of  mouutain  ranges  and  in  mountain  valleys  and  the  diurnal 
modiiications  of  tho  Moiisoou  which  we  experience  in  Calcutta, 
But  the  daily  phenomena  of  thi&i  class  are  especially  important,  be- 
cause they  are  both  the  type  and  tho  material  of  those  annual  va- 
riations whith  tire  serious  eiumgh  to  be  the  governing  forces  in 
regard  to  ihe  winds  of  tliis  portiou  of  the  globe.  We  may  in  this 
matter  lilson  the  year  to  one  long  day  with  the  solstices  for  mid- 
night and  noon.  The  gradual  incrcabo  of  ti^mperaturti  which  takes 
place  over  the  greater  part  of  th»*  eartli's  tsurlace  from  a  minimum 
In  the  winter  mouths  to  a  maximum  in  the  summc^r  months  is  (A 
in  th«  case  of  a  day  of  2  4  houi's  and  probably  for  a  common  reason) 
generally  speaking  accompanied  by  a  double  oscillation  of  the 
atmospheric  pressure.  In  places  of  western  Europe  near  the  sea, 
where  I  may  remark  the  source  of  vapour  is  uiJimited^  both  sets  of 
maxima  and  minima  are  I  believe  invariably  sti'ongly  mivrked,  the 
summer  maximum  which  is  attributed  to  the  vapour,  being  commonly 


1871.] 


PrW00diH0B  of  thr  Af>iutiv  SociftyT 


46 


the  ubsulute  maximum.  But  ^itli  iitlvam?e  into  the  interior  of  the 
ciintmoutj  ilie  plioiiomena  change.  Ft>r  iuatuucB  at  St.  Pwtei*sburgh, 
the  aumia^  maximum  ilivides  itself  iota  two  subordinate  maxima. 
Fiirfhtjr  on,  iii*  at  Moscow,  these  two  reUvtive  maxima  are  still 
found,  but  their  absolute  magaitudti  are  diminished  and  the  sink* 
ing  between  them  increased  ;  and  finally  on  this  aide  of  tlio  Ural 
the  summer  max:imum  disapponra  altogether.  The  expluuatiim 
which  is  commonly  given,  is  that  which  I  tirat  referred  to  in  uc- 
oounting  fur  the  diurniii  osi»illutions  of  tlie  barometer.  It  is  argutid 
vith  much  force  tlint  the  riHe  towards  a  maximum  goes  on  as  lorig 
as  the  additions  of  vapour  which  are  lifted  up  by  the  actiim  of  thtt 
heated  surface  conliuue  to  be  more  than  sufficient  to  trompenwate 
for  the  iuereasa  of  rarifaction  brought  about  by  tlie  same  agency. 
Eut  as  fiium  m  the  supply  for  any  reason  \rhich  may  locally  obtain 
falls  below  this  amount,  the  proewss  t>f  nuifaction  prevails  to  di- 
mmish the  material  in  the  atmospheric  oolumn  and  consequently 
to  lower  the  pressure,  Tlius  it  would  luippen  that  all  phu-es  which 
are  in  tins  way  atfjxt.Mil  by,  so  Uj  speak,  a  duticlency  in  the  supply 
of  vapour  are  sunounded  by  places  where  the  tttinospherio  pres- 
sure at  thtf  same  time  stands  relatively  at  a  maximum.  Thoi'e  is 
au  eloaient,  which  1  liave  not  yet  mentioned,  and  which  is  more 
than  any  other  Influential  as  a  cause  aifoctlug  the  efiicieney  of  the 
oarth's  surfono  ns  a  licating  agent,  and  therefore  affecting  the  den- 
sity of  the  superincumbent  atraosxdierio  column,  I  refor  to  the 
activity  of  terrestrial  radiation.  This  not  only  depends  upon  the  ma- 
terial condition  of  the  surface  itself,  but  aLsci  upon  the  circumstances 
of  the  local  situation.  We  all  know  the  striking  difTeronco  in  this 
respect  between  the  plains  and  a  liill  stJitiou.  IVofessor  Tyudall 
is  of  opinion  that  the  presence  of  invisible  vapour  in  the  air  oper- 
ates to  chock  the  radiation  from  the  earth's  surface,  nxid  so  ts  a 
principal  ingredient  in  the  varying  circumstances  upon  which  sur* 
face  temperatiire  depends. 

That  loci  of  ma^tiiniun  and   minimum   pressure   do   perJodiciiJ 
manifest  themselves  as  a  con8e«|ucnoe  of  the  rctcun^eneo  of  the  samff^ 
local  f<»ndition&  is  certain,  as  also  that  periodic  wiadB  or  modifica- 
tions of  winds  are  the  rostdt,     I  will  repeat  that  we  seem  t€>  have 
especial  advantages  in  tlds  c^ounti-y  l<tr  wurkirjg  out    the   problem 


1^^ 


Ail 


46 


Froe$9dingB  of  the  Asiatic  SacUiif^ 


[Feiu 


of  the  causes  of  tHs  cdase   of  phenomena.      One  locu8   of  suck 
pla^.'eB  of  riiiniraum  pressure  for  the  northern  heinif^phere  in  the 
hotter  months  appears  to  he  a  large  tract  of  central  Asia,  extending 
down   into,    or   rather   having  what  I  may  ctdl  outliers  in,    our, 
own  Indian  peninsula.     I   have  oh-eady  referred  to  thia  in  men-I 
tioning  the  eau&e  of  our  Monsoons.     The  part  which  this  region  o£l 
low  barometer  playa  in  govorniug  the  course  of  the  periodio  windsl 
ie  only  vaguely  ascertained ;  and   its  pos.^ilde  iniluence  as  an  ele- 
ment in  the  generation  of  om*  circular  storms  ha«  not  yet,  I  bolievey  J 
been  made  the  subject  of  serioiia  inquiry.     It  would  appear  proba^i 
ble  that  the  harrier  to  horizontal  mutton  which  is  presented  by  th^ 
Himalayaa  must  to  a  large  extent  exclude  the   barometrical    condi- 
tion of  the  atmosphere  over  Central  Asia  fiom  being  any  signific^ant 
element  in  the  motion  of  tli©  lower  strata  of  the  atmosphere  over 
the  peninsula  of  India,  at  any  rate  over  those  tracts  which  are  com- 
paratively clo!*e  to  the  hills.     The  niinalayan  range,  if  aa^umod  to  ] 
bo  of  the  effective  height  of  10,000  feet  only,  (j>rybHbly  the  eJI'ective  j 
height  is  fdmost  double  this),  would  in  truth  be  a  dam  to  at  least! 
cne*fom*th  of  the  whole   material  of  the  atmosphere^  and  to  much  1 
more  than  that  projKjrti on  of  the    therein   contained  vapour.     For] 
fitrata   above  tliis   height,  no   doubt,   any   diiference  which  might  J 
emst  between  the  northern  and  southern   pressures  would  become] 
active  ;  but  it  may,    perhaps,  be  questioned  whether  there  is  much 
difference  at  a  high  level  in  any  degi'ee   proportional  to  tlmt  which 
is  found  to  obtain  near  the  earth-surface  j  for  assuming  the  relative  I 
emallneee  of  weight  in  the  trans*Himalayfln  atmoBi»heric  column  to  - 
be  in  any   considerable   degree  due  to  the  absence  of  vapour,  it  is 
probable  that  this  element  affects  the  density  of  the  lower  part  of  j 
the  column  especially.     If,  however,  in  consequence  of  the  exist- 
ence of  the  Himalayan  mountain   range,  there   is   at  one  period 
of  the    year,    so   far  as   regards   the   Gangotic    trough   and   tho 
higher  part  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  a  motive  force  operative   upon 
the  upper  strata  of  the  atmosphere  which  has  no  effect  or  com- 
paratively  little   effect   upon   the   lower,    there   must   thus  arise 
by   a   sort   of  torsion  sucJi   a   divergence  of  currents  in  the  body 
of  the   atmosphere   as  would   be   favorable  to  the  formation  of 
local   centrei  of  minimimi  pressuie  and   constK^uent  vorticellary 


187L] 


Pf'fwtffduf^i  of  the  A$iatie  Sotiei^* 


movement*  This  last  conftideration  leads  me  ta  notice  the  remark- 
able  mechanieul  effeut  whioh  ia  pruduued  upon  the  course  of  the 
lower  6ti*eam3  of  air  in  our  regions  by  tiie  physical  con ti juration  of 
^e  land  The  peninsula  of  India  acta  as  a  weilgo  to  divide  the 
adyancing  etroam  of  the  southern  trades  into  two  branches,  one  of 
wMeli  slides  up  tlie  Malabar  coast,  the  other  passes  along  the  eas- 
tern aide  of  the  peninsula  ;  a  portion  of  the  latter  ci'ossing  the  Bay 
of  Bengal  is  headed  by  the  highlands  of  Burma  and  by  them 
diverted  northward  and  westward  along  the  flanks  of  the  Hima* 
layas.  The  angular  epai^e  marked  out  by  tJiis  lust  deflection  lie* 
on  the  left  Bide  of  the  stream,  and  tliereforebj  an  experiraental  law 
which  the  illustration  of  the  free  moving  particle  above  given  per- 
haps goes  some  way  towards  explaining^  but  which  has  also  been 
otherwise  ingeniously  explained  by  Dove,  the  atmospheric  pressure 
within  the  bend  will  be  commoidy  less  than  that  on  the  outside,  and 
thua  we  hero  again  meet  with  a  cause  tending  to  produce  periodi- 
cally in  the  neighbourhood  of  our  shores  a  locus  of  relatively  low 
barometrical  pressure,  and  so  to  originate  a  rotatory  motion  of  the 
air.  And  finally  we  have  the  periodic  occurrence  of  warm  eurrentii 
in  the  eastern  portion  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  to  which  Mr.  BlanftJrd 
in  his  valuable  paper  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Koyal, 
Society'  attributes  the  generation  of  these  low  pressure  centers. 

It  is  I  think  apparent  from  the  facts  stated  in  the  hasty  sketch 
which  I  have  juHt  made,  that  In<lia  proper,  the  Bay  of  Bengal  and 
Burma  together,  constitute  a  region  which,  for  the  purposes  of  one 
br6meh  at  least  of  meteorological  science,  demands  to  be  taken  and 
treated  as  a  whole.  It  is  a  most  ha|>pily  situated  field  of  view, 
singidarly  mmplete  in  itself,  of  disitributed  phenomena  which  are ' 
mutually  inter-dependent  an<l  wln*!}i  cannot  be  separated  without 
destruction  of  their  value.  It  is  rich  in  the  data  of  the  highest 
proldems  of  the  science.  AVitliin  it  are  Ui  be  found  in  the  simplest 
form  those  materials  for  inquiry  and  investigation  which  almost 
certainly  contain  the  clue  t^  further  great  advances  in  knowledge- 
If  this  valuable  mine  of  Sfrientihc  information  is  to  bo  worked  at 
public  cost  for  the  public  advantage^  is  it  not  evident  that  the 
organization  for  the  x>u^rpose  should,  if  possible,  be  uniform  for  the 
whole  area  and  subordinate  in  all  its  parta  to  one  centro  of  manage* 


48 


P$*oceedinffg  of  ih  Ana  Ik  Soctrtf/, 


[Feb. 


moot?     1  am  Jirtppy  to  Hay  that   the   hypothesis   of  this  qn^tioii| 
does   not  need   to  be  arj^ued   out  by  me.     The  Govemmeut  of  this  I 
country  has  already  satistifid  itsolf  that  the  regular    obBervation   of  J 
metoorologiral  phenooiena  is  work  proper  to  be   done  at   public  ex- 
pCMise.     It  is,  therefore,  I  assumn,  dt^sirouR  tliat  the    best    availabld  ' 
results  shoidd  be  arrived  at     Now  I  do  not  hesitate  to  eay,  having 
regard  to  the  peculiar  c  ircumstunc  os  of  fiituation  which  I  have  men- 
tiouedy  that   a  carefully  preparetl  system  of  observations  earrii^d  on 
throughout  this  trat.*t,  under  the  direetion  of  one  competent  head,  j 
ought  to   yiehl   results   of   th*^  hi^bi^st  scientiHc  importance  to  the 
whole  world.     Need  I  puiut  out  tliat  iu  any  system  which   ia  to  be 
effective,  the  dlspositiou  of  the  stations  ruust  be  matter  of  eonsidar* 
ed  arningement,  with  a  view  to   combined  work*   The  observations 
ahoidd  be  made  in  <jonformity  with  wt^ll  devised  directions  adapU^d 
to  secure  results   as  complete   as  possible.     The  instrunienl^  upon  I 
tlie  accuracy  and  uuiformity  of  which  everything  depends  should 
be  issued  from  one  central  station  after  comparison  and  adjustment 
with  standards  there  kopt    and   maintiiined    in    efficiency.     They 
should  also  from  time  to  time  be  readjusted  by  reference  to  these 
same  standards.     Everj'  station  shoxdd  be  furnished  with  the  means 
of  keeping  correct  local  time  at  least.     And  above  all,  the  results  of 
the  local  observations  should  be  reduc;ed  and  tabulated  for  pubHcit- 
tion  and  reforence,  under  the    instruction    and   superintendence    of  | 
one  dii'ecting  head.     Unless  this  be  done,  they  are  useless  for  eom- 
parison  with  the  results  of  observations  made  with  different  instru* 
ments  and  under  difi'erent  circumstances,  •*,  e.  useless  for  the  whole 
body  of  scientific  men.     As  it  is  what  have  we  ? 

British  India  for  administrative  and  other  pui'poses  is  divided  I 
into  eight  principal  districts  or  provinces,  viz.,  Bengal,  Madras, 
Bombay,  N.  W.  Provineea,  Dude,  Panjab,  Central  Provinces  and 
Burma ;  and  in  each  of  these,  excepting  Burma,  is  a  sepai^ate 
local  system  of  meteorological  observation  with  its  own  independent 
head*  It  is  r*3nmikible,  too,  that  the  gentlemen,  who  are  at  the 
head  of  these  dill'ertmt  systems,  possess  as  little  community  of  char- 
acter and  situation  as  can  woll  be  conceived.  They  are,  in  Btiugal 
and  the  N-  W.  Provinces  officers  of  the  Educational  Department, 
in  the   Ponjab  a  member  of  t^lie  Mt*dical   iService,  in  Madras  the 


1871.] 


Proc^edin^'t  of  th^  AniniiC  Soeieti^, 


49 


Gnvomment  Astronomer^  all  specially  salaried  for  this  extra  -work ; 
iu  Bombay,  tlio  iSupGriotendent  of  the  Observatory,  in  Oude  the 
•*  Scieutitic  officer,"  and  in  the  Central  Provinces  the  Sanitary 
Cc*mmissioner,  under  aiioldig'ah'nn  to  do  this  work  ex-offieio.  There 
arn  no  official  relations  between  those  provincial  officers,  and  fta  a 
matter  of  fact,  I  believe,  if  ono  of  them  requires  the  registers,  or 
results  of  a  neiglibourin^  province  for  comparison  with  his  own^  or 
for  I  lie  purposes  of  scientific  inquiry,  ho  experiences  great  difficul- 
ty and  delay  in  obtaining  tliem. 

Thou  again,  in  regard  to  organization,  the  systems  seem  to  vaiy 
considerably  in  tho  diflerent  provinces.  In  the  Panjab,  I  am  in* 
formed,  the  officers  who  keep  the  registers  are  all  volunteers  ;  and 
they  seem  to  b©  somewhat  irregular  in  the  matter  of  observing,  for 
according  to  the  published  reports  out  of  19  stations,  from  2  only 
have  continuous  registers  extending  over  2 J  years  been  furni?^hed ; 
&onL  most  of  the  other  stations  registers  covering  a  few  months 
only,  or  for  interrupted  periods,  are  foilhcoming.  In  Bengal  and 
Madrns  there  is  a  paid  observer  at  each  station  and  also  a  sujierin- 
tendirig  officer  (generally  the  Civil  Surgeon)  who  receives  on  al- 
io want-e  for  j^upnrvising  the  work. 

As  to  the  instruments,  the  kinds  in  use  are  vety  diverse.  Tha 
ftd  of  the  system  in  each  province,  (except  Madras,  and  from  a 
recent  period  Bongal)  gets  thtsn  whence  and  how  he  can.  Por 
instance,  barometers  of  several  sorts,  standards  or  aneroids,  are 
employed  indiscriminately,  and  coDse€|uently  the  registers  of  ob- 
servations effected  by  them  are  of  little  value  whenever  small 
difl'erences  are  important,  as  for  example  in  the  comparison  of  ranga 
in  the  daily  oscillations  of  atmospheric  pressure,  inasmuch  as  no^ 
data  exist  by  which  due  allowance  can  be  made  for  the  instrumen- 
tal irregidaties,  und  these  are  of  the  same  order  as  the  diiforences 
in  question.  In  Bengal  and  Madras,  the  barometers  are  cM>ni pared 
with  a  provincial  standard  at  the  Presidency  towns.  And  those  of 
two  stations  in  the  N.  TV.  P-  have  been  compared  with  the  Calcut- 
ta standard.  Whether  or  not  in  the  other  provinces  any  corapari- 
eon  is  effected  with  a  local  standard  I  cannot  say  positively,  tliough 
I  have  henxtl  that  it  is  not ;  but  certainly  no  attempt  has  yet  been 
mailo  to  compare  the  local  standards  if  there  are  any,  with  one  as* 


^mui^MA   jrvr^nfi^r  <miftirL    JLvnfvr»e^  tK  ^ttprK^xiL   nf  ^li^ 

Of/<i^!mr#;r<i  nt  Akj^/  aEfj/i  F^/it  Blair  M»d  r«tpift«n  V>  the  reporter 
i(«r/r  IWf  ^iiJ  ;  f/'jt  th«  mr/f^t  hnynXMnl  of  tiiefte  n^siers  is  kepc  «p 
n^/I^I/  ^/j  tii^  T'/lfintuTT  4fXHnum.%  nod  netiritj  of  tiie  Chil  Sargeon, 
who  ruy^)%t  hX  auj  m^ftafml   Ifstire  hu  pr/st  and  so  extlngoiih  tiie 

In  lUm^nl  ny^tun^  ctiri'/tuilj  ^foon^h,  the  central  Metecm^ogical 
^iJ,«Kfrvat//ry  m  t^mU:  itulHlPhfAfml  fft  the  Ixxral  Beporter,  who  is  thus 
ifA/t  only  yf%tir\f7»M  in  r^j^^anl  to  the  prinrrlpal  station  of  his  own 
IfTovlnrjjf  but  i«»  nlvi  nAw^A  to  tho  alt/.-niative  of  either  testing  his 
iiihfr»n/i<ffitH  U'iifiH*:H  \**iry/funl\y,  fft  of  entrusting  them  for  this 
obj<;''t  to  oiUi'jiT^t  ov<?r  whorn  he  has  no  c^piiiT^jL  lie  is,  moreover, 
in  t}ij«  way  'l<;f/riv<?d  of  the  m*:iiuH  of  carrying  out  any  special  ex- 
p<frjiii';ntal  iij^|iiiry,  howevor  iifn>'/rtaTitit  may  be  for  the  regulation 
of  hi«  own  work. 

1  ni;iy  mid  that,  at  Calcutta,  even  to  this  day,  as  our  Council 
known  U^t  wf;il,  for  one  reanou  or  another  we  have  nothiug  that  we 
t'liu  hiUr  to  th«;  Mj'riillfio  Hrideties  of  the  West  in  exchange  for  their 
jHihli^tationH  in  ni«fteorology.  The  fK>-called  Observatory  in  Park 
Hl.roMf,  /iwun  a  non  Incrndo,  is  ho  placed  tliat  no  effective  observa- 
tion of  the  hky  vM\  be  hud  from  it.  I  ne(jd  hardly  say  that  often- 
linMJH  tlin  forniM  and  behaviour  of  the  ch>uda  give  most  important 
infonnuflon  rohitivo  to  niovenientH  and  evon  to  the  constitution  of 
air  niM'mcH  at  hi^h  altitudes.     One  or  two  especial  instances  of  this 

ve  ori'urnMl  laioly,  but  our  oificial  observers  have  literally  been 
l)ln  to  notice  th(;ni. 


1871.] 


Praeeedi'n^/s  of  ths  Aitatie  Socii*i^, 


ai 


Experiments  of  sueli  a  chaxaeter  as  those  wliirJi  would  be  necea- 
sary  to  test  TvTidairs  tJioory  in  regard  to  tliu  caMm  of  the  azure 
colour  of  the  sky,  or  to  measure  the  retardative  upei-ation  of  invisi- 
ble vapour  ou  terrestrial  radiation,  are,  I  believe,  sctiroely  thought  of 
m  falling"  withia  the  work  of  any  meteorohigicol  station  in  India. 
And  I  do  not  know  that  a  Bingle  spectroaoope  has  yot  been  intro^ 
duced  inUy  oui*  otficiul  collections  of  instiTiments. 

It  S00IU8  to  mo  that  the  state  of  things  wbich  I  hare  just  de- 
scribed Ls  most  disci^edi table,  I  should  scarcely  go  too  far  if  I  said 
that  it  represents  a  good  deal  of  money  tlu*own  away  :  certainly  it 
is  very  remote  from  that  which  ought  to  be»  Surely  the  time  has 
come  when  in  the  place  of  this  infirm  and  unsatisftictory  system 
(or  more  properly  want  of  system)  a  well  planned  simple  orga- 
ni/atirm  inspired  and  direc^tod  by  a  niiiu  of  reiil  scientiiic  power  and 
ac(.[nir«mLtuta  should  be  2»ut  into  action. 

If  auy  tilt  fig  t]iat  I  httve  said  to -night  should  help  to  hastt^n  such 
a  reform  as  this,  my  object  will  have  been  attained. 


The  scrutineers  announced  the  following  el&ctioas ; 

The  Hou*ble  Mr.  Justice  Phear. 

l7ciHpreM  tdentSn 
Th.  Oldham,  LL.  D. 
Babu  liajundraliia  Mitra. 
Lord  Napier  of  Magdala,  G.  C.  8. 1.,  G.  C.  B. 

Secreiarien, 
CoL  II,  Ilydei  E.  E.  (Financial  Dept.) 
H.  Bloehmann,  M.  A.  (Philological  Dept.) 
iT*  Stoliczka,  Ph.  D.  (Natural  Itistory  Dept.)» 
M^mhetH  of  CuunciL 
The  Hoii'ble  Mr.  Justice  Phear, 
T.  Oldham,  Esq.,  LI.,  D.,  E.  li,  and  G.  8. 
Babn  liajendralala  Mitra. 

Lord  Napier  of  Magdida,  General,  G.  0.  S.  I,,  0.  C.  B. 
CoL  n  Hyde,  R.  R 
Babu  Devundra  Malhka^ 
J.  Ewart,  Esq.,  M.  D. 


F,  StfAie^kBy  Esq.,  Ph-  D^  F.  G  8. 

H«  Bloefanuum,  £»q^  IL  A« 

Ccrf-  BL  Thnillier,  R.  A-,  F.  R.  8.,  C.  &  L 

H.  F.  Blanfcird,  Eeq^  F.  G.  8. 

W.  8.  AtkiBflon,  £0^^  IL  A. 

F.  W.  Innw,  Esq.,  M.  D ,  C.  B. 

£.  Gaj,  E^.y  M.  A. 

W.  W.  Hunter,  Esq.,  LL.  D. 

It  was  proposed  by  D.  Waldie,  Esq.,  seconded  bj  HaulaTi 
AbduHattif  Khzji,  Babadur,  and  carried  onanimouslj — 

Tbat  tbe  marked  tbanks  of  tbe  Society  be  given  to  tbe  Secretariea 
for  tbeir  earnest  attention  to  tbe  duties  of  tbeir  office  during  the 
past  year,  from  wbicb  tbe  regularity  in  tbe  issue  and  tbe  value  of 
tbe  Journal,  as  well  as  tbe  very  satisfactoiy  finimf»iAl  condition  of 
tbe  Society,  bave  largely  resulted. 

Messrs.  L.  Scbwendler  and  J.  Wood-Mason  were  appointed  audi- 
tors of  accounts  for  tbe  past  year. 

Tbe  meeting  tben  resolved  itself  into  an  Ordinary  Montbly  meet- 
ing. 

The  Hon'ble  Mr.  Justice  Pbear,  President,  in  tbe  cbair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 
The  receipt  of  the  following  presentations  was  announced — 

1.  From  the  Govt,  of  India — A  copy  of  Antiquities  of  Ksishmir, 
by  Lieut.  H.  H.  Cole,  E.  E. 

2.  From  the  Government  of  India,  Home  Dept. — nine  photo- 
graphs of  the  ancient  temples  in  West  Berars,  and  twenty-one 
photographs  of  ancient  architectural  structures  in  Mysore. 

The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
meeting  were  balloted  for  and  elected  ordinary  members. 

Col.  J.  F.  Tennant. 

iJr.  W.  Waagen. 

G.  C.  Farr,  Esq. 

T.  F.  Ilarkness,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

The  following  gontleiiion  have  been  announced  as  candidates  for 
ballot  at  the  next  meeting  : 


1S71.] 


Procmlhi0i  of  the  Aiiatic  Society* 


5S 


0.  B.  Clarke,  Esq,,  M.  A»,  Botanic  Q-ardensj  Calcutta,  proposed  by 
the  Hon*ble  J.  B.  Phear,  seconded  by  W.  8.  Atkinson,  Rs<j, 

James  Wilson,  Esq.,  Cathedral  Mission  College,  Calcutta,  proposed 
by  n.  F.  Blanford,  Esq.,  seconded  by  H.  Blochmann,  E»q. 

Baba  Dvijendi-anatha  Thakura,  proposed  by  H.  Blochmann,  Esq,, 
seconded  by  Bfibu  BiijendraUla  Mitra. 

B^bu  Ilarachaudra  Chaudhuri,  Zemindar,  Sherepdr,  Mymensing, 
proposed  by  H*  Blochmaau,  Esq,|  seconded  by  B6bu  E^jeudiuilsUa 
Mitra. 

Bibu  Govindaehandra  Chaudhtai,  Zemindar,  Shorepdr,  Mymen- 
sing,  pr<»pQsed  by  H.  Blochmann,  Esq.,  seconded  by  Dr*  F.  Stoliczka. 

A.  Oough,  Esq,,  Queen's  College,  Benares,  proposed  by  W- 
Oldham,  Esq,,  seconded  by  H.  Blochmann,  Esq. 

Nawib  Ziauddin  Ahmad  Kh^n,  Bahfidur,  Chief  of  Liiharii,  Delhi, 
proposed  by  MauIaYi  Kabir  uddin,  aeconded  by  II*  Blochmann,  Esq, 

Walt*jr  Abbey,  Esq.,  Civil  Snrgeon,  Mergui,  proposed  by  9- 
Kur2,  Esq*,  seconded  by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

E.  Benedict,  Esq.,  C.  E,,  Calcutta,  proposed  by   L.    Schwendler,  ' 
Esq.,  secoDded  by  Col.  H.  Hyde, 

T.  8,  Isaac,  Esq.,  Supt  Engineer,  Presidency  Circle,  proposed  by 
T.  Oldham,  Esq.,  seconded  by  H.  H.  Locke,  Esq* 

The  Hon*  Sir  W.  Grey,  and  L.  B.  Bowring,  Esq.,  have  intimated  \ 
their  desire  to  resign  the  membei^ip  of  the  Society. 

The  receipt  of  the  following  communicationa  was  au  nounced — 

1.  Anangements  for  the  discharge  of  long  overland  tulegruph 
lines,  by  L.  Schwendler,  Esq. 

2.  Associations  connected  with  vaiious  places  situated  in  the 
sub-division  Banka,  Bhngulpur,  by  B4bii  Rashbihari  Vasu. 

3.  Mondari  Vocabulary,  by  B4bu  Kakhaldas  Haldar. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  libraiy  since  the 
Inst  jiiceting  hukl  in  Januai*y  last. 

ii*«  Names  of  Douoi-a  in  CapUaU. 

The  Beport  of  the  British    Association   for  the  advancement  of  , 
Science,  for  1869.^ — Thb  British  Association. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London,  VoL  XIX,  No* 
123, — The  Eoy.vl  Hocibty. 


Proceidififfs  ofih^  Asiatic  Smefy. 


[1 


BuUottins  della  Sociota  Geografica  Italiona,  faso.  5°.— The  Geo- 
GRAF  III  CAL  Society  of  Italy. 

Bulletin  do  la  Society  Imp^riale  des  Natiiralistea  do  Moscow, 
187n,  No.  I. — The  Lmperiai.  Society  of  Natt7halist8  of  Mosooty. 

Tlio  Qiiai'terly  Journal  of  tho  Geological  Society,  No.  104.—^ 
GEoLootcAL  Society  of  London. 

Journal  of  the  Statistical  Society,    September,   1870. — The 
TifiTicAi  Society  op  Lojtdon, 

The  Numismatic  Ohronicle,  No.  39. — The  Numismatio  Society 
OP  London. 

The  Smithsonian  Eeport  for   1868  ;  Smithsonian   Miacellaneou 
Collection,  Vols.  8  and  9  ;  Smithsonian  Contributions  toknowle 
Vol.  16. — The  Smithsonian  iNsTrruTioN, 

Cowell's  Lecturos  on  Hindu  Law. — The  Untveesity  of  Ca 

Hauiayana,  Vol.  2,  No.  5,  edited  by  Hemachandra  Bhuttacharya^ 
— The  Ebitob. 

Ill  list  rations  of  Ancient  Buildings  in  Kashmirj  by  Liout,  H.  H. 
Cole  J  Deaths  of  Madras,  during  1868, — The  Goternment  of  India.^ 

Griffin's  Panjab  Chiefs, — The  Government  of  the  Panjab. 

Genural  Report  of  Public  Instruction  in  Bengal  during  1869-70  j 
Annual  Eeport  of  the  Adiiiiniatration  of  the  Bengal  Presidency  foj! 
1809-70. — The  Government  of  Bengal, 

Purehme* 

Helfenstein^s  Comparative  Grammar  of  the  Teutonic  Languages  : 
— Etude  sur  1©  rituel  du  respect  social  dans  I'etat  Bralimaui* 
que,  par  C.  Schoebel. — Vuller*s  Grammatica  Lingii£D  Persiose  :- 
Daa  Jatapatala,  von  Dr.  G.  Thibaut : — Ueber  die  Entaiehung  unci 
Verwendung  der  im  Sanskrit  niit  K.  anlautenden  Personulendun- 
gen,  vou  Th.  Benfey : — Dr,  A.  Bastian's  Sprach-vergleichende 
Studien  : — ^V.  von  Strauss*  Lao-tsc*s  Tao  ih  King : — B*  Gachet*i 
CEuvres  de  Koutsa  et  de  Hirayastoupa. — Dr.  StickePs  Handbuch  zurl 
Morgenlandischen  Miinzkunde,  I  Heft : — Deuteches  Worterbueh, 
14  Baud  : — Dr.  C.  Somper's  Boisen  im  Archipel  der  Philippinen, 
1-2  Heft,— Philosophiial  Magazine,  No,  269. — Calcutta  EevieWi , 
January,  171 : — Bee?e^8  Con.  Iconica,  parts  284,  285  : — 

The  Nature,  Nos.  58-6 !•    The  Athenajum,  November,  1870, 


PROCEEDINGS 


OP   THE 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOB  Mabch,  1S71, 


The  montlily  meotiag  of  the  Society  waa  held  on  Wednesday,  the 
Ist  instant,  at  9  o^clo*^k,  1*.  m. 

The  Uon'ble  Mr,  Justice  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  con^rmed. 

Presentations  wore  announced — 

1.  From  the  author — A  copy  of  a  pamphlet  entitled :  Arevifiion 
of  the  TerehratuUdm  and  Lhif^uUd^^  with  remarks  and  description  of 
some  recent  forms,  by  W.  H.  Dall^  Esq.,  Smithsonian  Institution. 

2*  From  the  author — a  copy  of  Tatvdvali,  a  treatise  on  Vaisha- 
sika  Philosophy  in  Sanscrit  verse,  with  notes  by  the  author,  Pandit 
Chandrakclnta  Tarkaknkira  ; — also  Pravida  Sataka  by  the  same. 

3.  From  the  author — General  report  on  the  Punjab  Oil  Lands, 
by  Benj.  Hmith  Lyman* 

4,  From  Eev,  C.  II  Dall — Three  Nepal  coins  hearing  on  the 
ohverse  in  a  square  compai-traent  the  legend  in  Nfigari  ohararters 
^=^1'flHm*a***r^  and  on  the  reverse  ^SWl-^T^Nifi^T^^,  and 
at  the  lower  margin  on  the  reverse  the  date  ^.^^  1789. 

Legend  L  Sri  Sri  Sri  Nejmla  Sarkdira,  the  Government  of  Nepal. 
,j      II,  Sri  Sri  Sri  Surendra  vikramarka  Deva  (the  name  of 
the  prince). 
The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
meeting  were  balloted  for  and  elected  ordinary  members. 
C.  B.  aarke,  Esq.,  M.  A. 
J.  Wilson,  Esq. 

Babii  Dvijendran^tha  Th6kura» 
„     Harachandra  Chaudhun. 
„     Govindacumdra  Chaudhuri. 
A.  Gougb,  Esq. 


56  Pra<?Mdin^g  o/ih^  Asiatic  Society ^ 

Nawab  Ziauddlu  Ahmad  KhJin,  Bahadur* 

W.  Abbey,  Esq. 

E.  Benedict,  Esq.,  0.  E. 

J.  S.  Isaac,  Esq.,  C.  E. 

Benjamin  Smith  L^Tnan,  Esq.,  has  Gxpressed  his  wish  to  be<Jome 
a  life  member  of  the  Society,  in  oonformily  with  rule  14  of  the 
Bye-laws  of  the  Society. 

The  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting : 

I>r.  F.  N.  Macnamara  (for  re-Gleotion),  pr^^p^^;od  by  the  Hon*ble 
J.  B.  Phear,  seconded  l»y  I).  Waldie,  Esq. 

Oscar  Trefftz,  Esq.,  Calcutta,  proiKJsed  by  H*  BlochmanUi  Efiq*, 
seeonded  by  Br.  W,  Waagen. 

M.  8,  Howell,  Esq.,  proposed  by  Col.  Hyde,  Beoonded  by  Dr. 
Stoliczka, 

Captain  A.  J.  Filgatte,  E.  E.,  proposed  by  Col,  Hyde,   eeconde 
by  Dr.  Stoliczka. 

Major  J.  M,  Graham,  proposed  by  CoL  Hyde,  seconded  by 
Tennaiit. 

CoL  F.  n,  Eundull,  R.  E.,  proposed  by  CoL  Hyde,  seconded 
Dr.  T.  Oldham. 

T,  M.  Bourn,  Esq.,  Mining  Engineer,  proposod  by  F*  Fedden, 
Esq.,  seconded  by  Dt*  T.  Oldham. 

W.  J.  Ciirtoys,  Esq.,  proposed  by  the  Hoa^ble  J,  B.  Phear,  se- 
conded by  H.  H»  Locke,  Esq, 

W.  E.  Ayrton,  Esq.,  proposed  by  the  Hon'blo  J.   B.   Pheor,  sq 
conded  by  CoL  Hyde. 

Walter  Bourne,  Esq.,  0.  E-,  propoBed  by  Dr.  T.  Oldham,  second- 
ed by  Dr.  Stoliczka. 

Mr.  W,  0.  Bonnerjea  has  intimated  his  desire  to  withdraw  £m^ 
the  Society. 

J*  Sohroeder,  Esq.,  and  Lt-Col.  C,  Macgregor  have  resigned  zSS^ 
membership  on  their  leaving  India. 


The  following  letters  were  read  : — 

1.     From  the  Secy.,  Trustees  Indian  Museum,   forwarding  a  cor 

respondence  on  the  earthquake  felt  in  Sind  on  2ttth  October,  1870, 


187K] 


Proee^fdin^s  of  the  Aiiaiic  8&ekhj^ 


S? 


Tliifl  correspondence  is  a  copy  of  one  forwarded  by  tlie  Bombay 
Govt,  to  the  Seey.  of  Stat©  for  India.— The  Collector  of  Shikarporo 
reports  that  a  severe  shock  of  an  earthquake  was  felt  about  a  quar- 
ter to  3  p.  M.  on  the  28th  October,  1870;  it  lasted  for  about  a 
minute.  The  earthquake  was  eapeeially  felt  at  Nau«hera,  Lark- 
liana,  Lubdursa,  Mehur  and  Kukur,  and  the  shock  is  stated  to  hare 
been  more  severe  in  the  hills  than  in  the  plains.  A  second  but 
slighter  ehock  was  again  felt  at  Nusaeerabad,  Teje,  Mehur  and 
Ktikur  on  the  let  November,  1870. 

Another  report  from  the  Commissioner  in  Rind  says  that  a  alight 
shock  was  experienced  at  Jacobabad  and  Thoole  at  about  2*30  F.  m, 
on  the  28tli  Oet^iber,  1870. 

A  thii'd  report  records  a  severe  sbook  of  an  earthquake  at 
Dadoo,  lasting  for  about  5  minutes,  at  2  p,  m.  on  the  28th 
October,  1870  ;  and  a  second  slighter  shock,  lasting  for  about 
one  minute,  was  felt  about  3  p,  ic.  on  the  same  day.  The  eartb- 
quako  appears  to  have  been  experienced  throughout  the  Talooka 
Dadoo,  as  various  rejiorts  state  that  shocks  have  also  been  felt  at 
diiierent  times  of  the  day  and  night  on  the  27tk,  28th  and  29th 
October,  1870.     No  serious  damage  appears  to  have  been  done, 

2.  From  Mr.  J,  H,  Samuells  —  addressed  to,  and  commimicated 
by,  Col.  Dalton. 

Mr.  Samuells  reports  that  the  temples  near  Harchoka  in  Oliang 
Bhokar  are  y^vy  extensive,  but  uufurtunately  some  of  them  are 
almost  entirely  in  ruins  and  the  destruction  by  the  annual  Moods 
in  the  rainy  season  goes  on  so  rapidly,  that  in  another  100  years 
many  will  have  probably  altogether  disappeared.  The  inscrip- 
tions are  very  mueh  worn  off,  but  what  remained  preserved,  Mr* 
Sumuells  had  taken  rubbiugs  of,  and  also  executed  plans  of  the 
diiierent  temples.  The  inscriptions  appear  to  be  in  very  old  Nagari 
character. 


The  Council  notified  (in  conformity  with  rule  13  B.  of  bye- laws) 
that  the  names  of  the  following  gentlemen  have  to  be  struck  off 
the  list  of  members  for  non-compliance  with  rule  13  of  bye-laws* 

A.  G.  Walker,  Esq. 
0,  J,  Wilkinson,  Esq. 


68  ProeeedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Soci$ty,  [Ma boh, 

Dr.  C.  Williamfl. 
C.  B.  Garrett,  Esq. 

F.  J.  Chambers,  Esq. 
£&bu  Nundolala  Bose. 
J.  C.  Whisliaw,  Esq. 
H.  Duhan,  Esq. 

B.  L.  Martin,  Esq. 
J.  W.  Sherer,  Esq. 

And  that  the  election  of  Sir  Sherif  ul  Omara,   Bahddur,  be  can- 
celled for  non-payment  of  admission  fee  — 

Also  that  Es.  1203  due  from  the  above  gentlemen,  together  with 
Bs.  204,  due  to  the  Society  from  Kaliprasanna  Sinha,  dead,  and  Bs. 
57  from  Bamanarayana  Tarkalankara,  dead,  and  Bs.  5-10,  due  to 
the  Oriental  Publication  Fund  from  the  last  named,  be  written  off. 
The  Council  reported  that  they  have  elected  the  following  gen- 
tlemen to  serve  in  the  several  Committees*  during  the  ensuing 
year. 

Finance, 
T.  Oldham,  Esq.,  LL.  D. 
E.  Gay,  Esq.,  M.  A. 
Col.  A.  Allan. 

Library. 
T.  Oldham,  Esq.,  LL.  D. 
Col.  A.  Allan. 
Babu  BajendraMla  Mitra. 
Dr.  J.  Anderson. 
J.  Wood-Mason,  Esq. 
Dr.  Mohindralal  Sircar. 

G.  Nevill,  Esq. 
Col.  J.  F.  Tennant. 
E.  Gay,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

Philological. 
E.  C.  Bayley,  Esq.,  0.  S.  I. 
B&bu  Bdjendralala  Mitra. 

C.  Tawney,  Esq. 

*  The  President  and  Secretaries  of  the  Society  are  e»'Offieio  members  of  aU 
Committees. 


1871.]  ProeeedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  59 

W.  W.  Hunter,  Esq.,  LL.  D. 

Eev.  J.  Long. 

Eey.  K.  M.  Banerjea. 

Dr.  Mohindralal  Sircar. 

Maulavi  Kabiruddin  Ahmad. 

Maulavi  Abdul  Latif  Kh&n. 

Natural  HUtory, 

T.  Oldham,  Esq.,  LL.  D. 

Dr.  J.  Fayrer,  C.  S.  I. 

Dr.  J.  Ewart. 

H.  F.  Blanford,  Esq. 

W.  T.  Blanford,  Esq. 

W.  S.  Atkinson,  Esq. 

V.  BaU,  Esq. 

H.  B.  Medlicott,  Esq. 

Dr.  J.  Anderson. 

D.  Waldie,  Esq. 

J.  Wood-Mason,  Esq. 

G.  NeviU,  Esq. 

Dr.  Mohindralal  Sircar. 

Physical  Science, 

Lord  Napier  of  Magdala,  G.  C.  B.,  G.  C.  S.  L 
Col.  H.  L.  ThuiUier,  C.  S.  L 
T.  Oldham,  Esq.,  LL.  D. 
Col.  J.  F.  Tennant. 
H.  F.  Blanford,  Esq. 

D.  Waldie,  Esq. 

L.  Schwendler,  Esq. 

Coins. 

E.  C.  Bayley,  Esq.,  C.  8. 1. 
Babu  Eajendralala  Mitra. 
Major  F.  W.  Stubbs. 
Rev.  M.  A.  Sherring. 

J.  G.  Delmerick,  Esq. 


60  PtocHiingi  of  tfi^  AJKKtKKtUf*  [MabcHi 

OoL  the  Hon'ble  R.  Strochej  made  a  commtmi cation  to  the  effect,! 
that  the  Government  of  India  have  lately  resolved  to  place  4  laca  of 
nipeos  in  deposit,  whicli  sum    should  be   available  for  completing 
the  new  Museum  building.  He  regretted  the  delay  which  haa  beeml 
caused  in  the  construction  of  the  buildin|j  and  stated  that  it  wafti 
greatly  duo  to  the  tiuaucial  diHieulty  in  which  the  Government  of 
India  fuund  themselves  a  short  time  ago.    Col.  Strachey  mentioned^ 
that  the  original  approximate  estimate  amounted  to  about  3  J  laca  of 
rupees »   This  8um  had  been  sanctioned  by  Government,  and  the  work 
for  the  new  building  was  commenced.     Subsequently   the  regular 
estimate  came  up  and  it  amounted  to  about  7  lacs.  After  about  4  laca 
had  already  been  spent,  a  revised  estimate  was  called  for,   and   this 
rose  up  io  about  10  lars.     It  waa,  therefore,  not  surprising  that  thd 
GKjvernment  stepped  in  and  euij^uired  into  the  whole  matter  carefully, 
and  this  caused  such  delay  that  it  became  impossible  to  complete  the 
Museum  within  the  ai>x)oiuted  time,   23nl  March,  187L     However i 
he  (CoL  Sti'achey)  hoped  that  the  proeont  acttion  taken  by  Govern*! 
ment  in  the  matter  would  bring  the  building  to  ita  desired  comple* 
tion  at  aa  early  a  date  as  possible- 
Col.  Strachey 's  communication  was  most   favorably  received  by  ^ 
the  meeting* 


Mr,   H.  F.  Blanford   exhibited   several  barometric  and  other. 
meteorological  curves  and  made  the  following  observations : 

The  diagrams  that  I  have  to  lay  before  the  meeting  this  evening,  ] 
will,  I  think,  be  interesting  to  the  Society,  as  they  exhibit  in  a  gra^  ^ 
phic  and  readily  appreciable  form  certain  unportaut  features  of 
our  local  Meteorology.  Beyond  this,  there  is  no  especial  ounnexion 
between  them ;  each  illustrates  certain  special  points,  some  of  which 
have  recently  been  discussed  in  the  Society,  and  they  must  be  re- 
garded as  materiala  wliich  have  been  generalized  up  a  certain  point ; 
representing  facts  which  may  be  of  important  service  in  any  future 
Bcientilic  treatment  of  our  Meteorology, 

The  £rst  sheet  shews  the  mean  diurnal  variation  of  some 
the  principal  Meteorological  elements  at  Calcutta  for  each  month  of" 
the  year,  as  deduced  ii'om  the  hourly  observations  recorded  for  16 
years  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Olfice.     Those  elementa  are  (1)  the 


1871.]  JfOSMf^nF'^  Aniaiuj  Siteiety.  61 , 

atal  atmospheric  pressure,  (2)  the  temperature,  (3)  the  vapour  pres* 
0,  (4)  the  curve  of  saturated  vapour  pressure  corrospouding  to 
that  of  temperature,  and  (5)  the  mirve  of  humidity.  The  first  shewa 
the  variation  of  the  diurnal  barometric  tides  for  each  month  of  tha 
year,  and  I  will  draw  attention  to  the  great  regularity  of  the  wave 
curve  which  is  one  of  double  curvature,  having  an  absolute  maxi- 
mum  about  10  a,  M,  and  an  absolute  minimum  about  4  r,  M*  with  a 
secondary  maxinmm  and  minimum  at  10  p.  M.  and  4  A.  H*  The 
hours  of  absolute  mo^mum  and  minimum  vary  a  little  during  tho 
year,  the  former  being  about  an  hour  earliur  and  the  latter  about 
un  hoiu'  later  in  the  hot  months  then  in  the  cold.  The  differencflrl 
of  the  morDtng  and  ervening  maximum  is  greatest  in  the  driest 
months  and  least  in  the  rains.  lu  the  latter  tliis  difference  is  com- 
paratively small,  the  two  crests  having  nefirly  the  same  height;  but 
the  afteirnoon  minimum  is  always  considerably  lower  then  that  of  4 
A.  M.  The  explanation  of  the  double  tide  is  a  subject  on  which  great 
diversity  of  opinion  exists.  The  explanation  ft>und  in  most  of  our 
ti'eatises  is  that  originally  suggested,  I  believe  by  l>ove,  and  adopted 
by  General  Sabine  and  Sir  John  Herschell,  rts.that  the  curve  is  com- 
pounded of  two  distinct  elements*  one  of  the  di'y  air  pressure  which 
talven  by  itself  has  a  maximum  at  about  4  a.  M.  and  a  minimum 
at  4  p.  M.,  the  other  a  curve  of  vapour  pressure  which  has  two  maxima 
and  two  minima  at  or  about  tlie  periods  of  the  maxima  and  minima 
of  the  total  pressure  curve*  Col,  Bta-achey*  who,  as  you  are  aware  has 
given  much  attention  to  this  subject,  has  long  since  pointed  out  the 
insufficiency  of  this  explanation  in  the  case  of  the  barometi'ic  curves 
in  India,  or  rather  the  failure  of  verification  when  the  curve  of  ob- 
served vapour  pressure  is  superimposed  on  a  supposed  dry  air  curve 
of  a  single  periodic  variation.  And  you  will  soo  tliat  no  composition 
of  the  vapour  pressure  curve  of  Calcutta  with  any  such  supposed 
curve  will  give  a  curve  approaching  in  form  or  regularity  to  that  of 
our  tidal  curve  of  total  pressure. 

The  curves  of  vapour  pressure  exhibit  groat  variations  in  the 
different  months  of  the  year*  In  the  montha  of  the  rains,  the  pres- 
sure IB  almost  unvai^ing,  or  there  is  but  a  shght  increase  during 


•  Similar  objections  have  been  raisecl  by  Mr*  Broun,  Frofesgor  Lam  oat  of 
Ifmuoh  and  othen. 


62  Proceedings  of  the  Aiiatic  Sm^tif.  [March, 

the  daytime  and  decrease  towards  early  morning,  forming  a  onrro 
of  single  variatioii.  From  September  to  May  the  curve  is  mo; 
complicated.  It  presents  a  rise  for  an  hour  or  two  after  simrise  j  then 
in  most  months  a  rapid  and  deep  depression  to  a  minirn^TTi  about 
3  or  4  p.  M*,  after  which  the  rise  is  very  rapid  to  7  or  8  p,  m,  and 
thereafter  (in  the  hot  months)  gradual  to  midnight.  From  this 
hour  it  faUs  again  to  sunrise.  In  December  and  January,  thd 
absolute  uxiniinum  is  at  sunrise,  in  the  other  months  in  the  aftemoo; 
and  it  is  deepest  in  Maroh,  (the  driest  month).  The  absulute  maxi- 
mum is  in  the  evening  or  at  midnight  from  October  to  March^  and  in 
tlie  morning  in  April,  May  and  June.  The  curve  generally  for  all 
these  months  may  be  described  as  one  conforming  to  that  of  tem- 
perature, but  with  a  deep  notch  cut  out  of  it  during  the  warmer 
hours  of  the  day,  thus  producing  two  crests,  of  whirb  the  earlier  ia 
the  higher  in  the  hottest  months  the  later  in  the  remainder.  This 
form  of  curve  is  well  known  as  characterizing  a  continental  climate, 
and  something  similar,  but  much  less  in  the  relative  and  absolute 
magnitude  of  the  afternoon  depression,  obtains  at  certain  stations 
in  the  interior  of  Europe  during  the  summer  months.  The  ciu^vea 
of  saturated  vapouj  presstire  are  given  for  comparison,  and  the 
ratios  of  the  two  are  shewn  by  the  humidity  cui-vea  which  are  almost 
an  exact  inversion  of  those  of  temperature.  The  temperature 
curves  are  of  the  some  general  form  throughout ;  differing  chiefly 
in  the  absolute  mognitudos  of  their  ordinates  which  are  greatest 
in  Marchj  the  driest,  least  in  July  and  August  the  dojupest  months. 
The  next  set  of  curves  that  I  have  to  exhibit  are  the  diurnal 
barometric  curves  for  Simla,  deduced  from  Major  Boileau's  hourly 
observations  for  3  years.  They  are  as  regular  and  shew  nearly 
as  great  a  range  of  tidal  pressure  as  those  of  Calcutta,  but  with^H 
this  marked  difference,  that  in  all  months  except  July  and  August" 
the  morning  (4  A,  M.)  is  the  absolute  minimum  of  the  day.  This 
peculiarity  of  the  barometric  curve  has  been  noticed  by  Planta- 
mour  in  the  c^se  of  the  Great  Saint  Bernard,  and  is  stated  to  ba 
characteristic  of  mountain  stations  situated  on  ridges,  as  distin- 
g^iBhed  from  stations  on  plateaux  and  plains.  The  exj^lanation 
given,  I  behove,  by  him  is  that  the  lower  strata  of  the  atmoflphero 
being  heated,  lift  a  larger  proportion  of  the  upper  atmosphere  above 


l8iK] 


Prceeedingt  of  thi  Aiitdie  Saeidy. 


es 


stations  in  the  positions  of  Simla  and  the  Bt^  Bernard,  and  so  dimi- 
niah  relatively  the  loss  of  prosftiiro  due  to  overflow  in  tlio  higUoafc 
rtj^utts  of  the  atmosphere.  Plaatamour'a  law  of  the  diiferonod 
between  stations  on  ridges  and  those  ou  table*land3  is  borne  out 
by  our  looid  experience,  in  so  far  that  while  Darjeeling,  a  ridge- 
station^  in  several  months  of  the  year  has,  like  Simla,  aa  absolute 
minimum  at  or  aliout  4  A.  M,,  both  Shillong  (4,800)  foot  and  Huzari* 
baugh  (2000  feet)  which  aro  ou  table-lands,  havo^  like  Calcutta,  aa 
absolute  mimmum  in  the  afternoon. 

The  next  sheet  to  wlilch  I  have  to  direct  attention  is  one  shew^ 
ing  the  mean  curves  of  pressure  and  temperature  for  the  year, 
as  given  by  the  mean  daily  values  of  these  elements  at  Calcutta 
for  15  years.  The  temperature  curve  erhibita  great  irregu* 
larities,  ae  if  there  were  a  tendency  to  rapid  changes  at  certain 
periods.  Father  Secchvhas  noticed  a  similar  result  ou  discussing  the 
Homan  registers  for  a  much  longer  period,  and  Mr.  Buchan  hfts 
pointed  out  that  the  regigtora  of  Scotland  show  a  tendency  to  tho 
recurrenee  of  warm  and  cold  days  at  certain  periods  of  the  year. 
It  would,  however,  be  premature  to  draw  any  such  condasion  firom 
the  registers  of  only  15  years. 

I  have  here  two  sheets  that  shew  the  variation  of  the  moatt 
daily  presstu'e  at  a  considerable  number  of  stations,  for  the  yeai*s 
1869  and  1870.  The  northornmust  station  is  Roorkee,  the  sou* 
themmost  Port  Blair,  The  chici'  noticeable  feature  that  these 
curves  present  is  the  almost  exact  coincidence  of  all  thuir  in^egula- 
itties,  these  being  greatest  at  Hoorkee  and  least  at  Port  Blair.  Thia 
oorrespoadence  of  the  barometric  waves  and  the  deerease  in  tho  air.ount 
of  their  variations  in  proceeding  from  north  to  south,  wtis  firatpointed 
out  in  the  case  of  European  stations,  many  years  ago,  I  believe,  by 
Professor  DuniBU;  aud  theexplatiiitiou  of  the  phenomeuon  given  by 
Professor  Dove  is,  that  the  alternations  of  the  oreats  and  troughs 
forming  these  irregular  waves,  depends  ou  the  prevalence  of  Polar 
and  equatorial  currents,  the  trade  aud  aritltrarlu  cuiTents  wliieh  cross 
and  alternate  with  each  other  in  the  Temperate  2Sone.  These 
curves  shew  that  the  same  phenomenon  i^  presented  here  in  the 
Monsoon  region  at  all  periods  of  the  year,  tlie  variations  being 
absolutely  less,  however,  than  in  Eurf>pe,  and  decreasing  in  like 
manuer  as  the  stations  are  in  lower  latitudes 


64 


ProceedwyM  of  the  Asiatic  Society, 


r* 


Finnlly  I  liare  to  bring  to  t!io  notice  of  the  Society  a  set  of  curva 
sliewiag  tlie  mean  diurnid  variation  of  the   wind   for   eatih  mon| 
of  the  year  at  Colcattii.     These  have  been  tk-awn  up  from  a  dil 
ciission  of  in  years'  observations  at  the  8urvpjor  General's   Offie 
The  observations  are  record od  only  to  eight  points,  n'z.,    N.  NE, 
BE.,  &o.,  and  I  may  remark  how  this  very  rough  method  of  obs 
ration  8ufficL's(when  so  lon(?   a  period  aa  10  years  is  coniiidored), 
shew  a  regular  variation,  even  when  in  some  montlis  it  amounts  ' 
little   more  than  one  point  of  the  compass.     The  diurnal  variatio 
of  the  wind   appears   at    first   Might    soniowhat   anoDiakiua,    &ia<i 
Calcutta  is   at   no  very  great  dintanee  from  the  8ea»  and  it  luigl 
be  expected  that  as  at  coast  stations,  there  would  be  a  tondoncty  1 
a  southerly  or  sea  breeze  during  the  latter  part  of  the  day  and  j 
land  breeze  at  night.     Tito  case  is,  however,  precisely  the  revera 
The  land  wind  at  Calcutta,  •.<?.,  a  WNW.  jwind  prevails  strong 
during  the  day,  in  the   cold  and  hot  weather  months,  and  even  \ 
the  rains,  when  the  variation  is  very  smalb  the  westerly  tendency 
still  manifnst ;  while  the  southerly  or  sea  breeze  prevails  or  ttinds  \ 
prevail  during  the  night.  When  the  mean  of  the  whole  year  is  con 
dered,  it  appears  that  the  WNW.  wind  tends  to  set  in  abuut  10  a. 
and  to  increase  in  force  and  steadinesfs  up  to  about  4  p.  M.,  after  whi<S 
tlie  wind  veers  roand  rapidly  to  south,  and  a  little  east  of  south, 
which  quarter  it  continues  till  midnight  or  1  A.  M.  It  then  diminish^ 
in  force  and  there  is  a  tendency  to  calm  until  about   ^unrino*     Tlj 
coincidence  of  the  prevalence  of  the  westerly  wind  with  the  perid 
during  which  the  barometrie  gradient  is  from  west  to  ea-<*t,  owic 
to  the  advance  of  the  ai'ternaou  minimuoi  fVom   the  eastward,  su 
gest^  the  cause  of  this  phenomenon.     It  is  true  that  this  gradie 
is  absolutely  small,  and  the  loci  of  maximum   and   minimum 
separated  by  a  quadrant  of  the  earth's  circumference;  but  thoeffa 
to  be  accounted  -for  as    the  diurnal    oscillution,  when  deduction 
made  of  the  mean  monthly  or  anoual  component,  ia  also  small,  beil 
a  predominance  of  12  or  13   per  cent,  only,  and  is  proT»ably  ni 
greater  than  may  be  acci>uuted  for  by  the  cause  suggestod,  whid 
must  have  ttotm  effect. 

Colonel  the  Uon'ltle  R.  Strachey  said  that  he  iliought  the  Sodel^ 
and  indeed  all  persons  interested  in  the  progress  of  science,  were  mu 


ri,] 


Procffdiwj$  of  the  Aiiatk  Soeief^, 


6.1 


indebted  to  Mr,  Blanford  for  tbe  manner  in  which  he  was  taking  up 
the  study  of  the  Meteorology  of  India,  and  of  Calcutta  in  parti(5ular. 
It  was  an  indigpiitahlo  fnct  that  there  was  no  eountiy  in  the  world 
that  had  suth  great  advantages  as  India,  to  otter  to  a  student  of 
Meteorological  Science,  if  such  a  term  coiUd  be  used  in  the  present 
state  of  our  knowledge  or  rather  ignorance.  Here  the  great  mo- 
tive force  of  all  atmospheric  phoHuuiena^  the  Sun,  acted  with  an 
tltensity  and  rogulurity  that  led  to  a  corresponding  intense  and  regu- 
lar development  of  those  phenomena,  would  reader  their  study  in 
a  correy]Mjndiiig  degree  ea^.  The  great  plains  of  India  presented 
vast  areas  of  land  over  which  the  action  of  the  atmosphere  waa 
romarkablj  little  disturbed  by  local  causes,  and  which  thus 
offered  special  facilities  for  watohiag  the  principal  pheuomena  at- 
teuding  that  action.  The  niountuiiis  on  the  north  of  India,  in 
like  manneri  gave  advantages  for  c^ntj^uiries  into  the  condition  of 
the  atmosphere  at  great  heights  above  the  earth's  surface,  not 
equalled  in  any  other  pail  of  the  globe.  The  great  ocean  that 
surrounded  the  Peninsula,  again,  offered  similar  opportunities  for 
observing  the  special  phenomena  due  t<t  the  peculiarities  of  a  ma- 
rine surface,  and  to  the  juxtaposition  of  laadand  sea.  On  the  whole 
ho  had  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  India  was  the  country  of  all 
others  in  which  meteorology  could  best  be  studied,  and  to  which  wo 
shouhl  look  for  the  investigations  which  could  rescue  meteorology 
from  itJ5  present  somewhat  dist^reditable  positiuij,  and  advance  it  to 
that  of  a  real  Seience. 

CoL  Striiehey  said  ho  would  oti'or  a  few  coninicnts  on  the  t'hief  t*>* 
pics  of  Air,  llUiufortrs  instruL'tioiis  and  observations. 

First  as  to  Vapour-  He  had  on  a  former  evening  stated  gener- 
allj'  his  objections  to  tbe  suggetit**d  depeudeace  of  the  double  diur- 
nal tide  of  pressure  on  the  variations  of  the  vapour  pressure,  it 
was  impossible  for  any  one  who  had  looked  at  the  facts  to  have  it 
moment's  doubt  on  Uiis  point,  and  it  was  obvious  that,  after  hav- 
ing nmdB  tlie  suggested  allowance  for  the  variations  of  va^mur 
pressure,  the  double  tide  remains  in  the  Bombay^  Madras  and  Ual- 
outta  olisei'vatione  just  aa  plainly  marked  as  bofore,  though  some- 
what altered  iu  form. 

As  he  hud  before  said,  to  subti'uct  the  vapour  pressure,  as  indicated 


Proceeding*  of  the  Atiatic  Socuty, 


[MabcHi 


liy  a  hygrometer,  from  the  totrtl  presaure*  indicated  by  the  baroma* 
ler,  was  to  eomniit  an  act  of  folly.  It  meant  nothing*  It  rep» 
sented  no  physical  fact.  Tlie  vapour  tension  at  the  earth's  surfa 
was  not  the  resolt  of  the  pressure  of  the  particles  of  vapmr  in  Uio 
upper  eirata  of  the  atmosphere,  but  of  some  tiling  quite  dilforeii 
It  was  the  measure  of  the  rf*sistiiuco  offered  to  the  passage  of  th# 
Yapour  particles  in  an  upward  direction  hy  the  air  particles, 
the  superincumbent  vapour  particlos  together  ;  and  the  condition  < 
the  vapour  in  the  upper  etratu  proved  that  this  resistance  of 
air  particles  was  very  g^*eat,  so  that,  roughly  speaking,  the  vaj 
teuBion  was  commonly  about  four  times  as  great  at  any  place  as  ^9 
pressure  from  above  of  the  vapour  particles.  Of  course  there  were 
great  local  variations  from  any  such  rough  general  average,  but 
the  average  might  be  mentioned  to  show  how  senseless  was  th© 
subtraction,  of  the  observed  vapour  tension  from  the  observed  total 
pressure. 

Kef  erring  next  to  the  local  variations  of  vapour  pressure  at  i 
eutta,  Ci>L  Strachey  remarked,  that  the  only  satisfactory  way  of  < 
sidering  such  phenomena  was  in  connexion  with  their  physic 
causes  J  and  that  most  of  the  apparent  pecidiaritios,  such  aa  tUa 
noticed  by  Mr*  Blanford,  might  readily  be  explained  when  view^ 
in  this  manner.  He  (Col*  S.)  had  not  had  the  means  of  cnticallj 
examining  the  variations  of  vapour  tension  at  Calcutta,  but  he  ra 
mombered  enough  of  the  results  of  such  an  examination  made  i 
him  of  the  phenomena  at  Madras^  to  be  able  to  indicate  to  the  1 
ciety  the  kind  of  analysis  of  these  facts  that  he  had  suggested.  Thd 
it  was  observed  at  Madras  that  at  a  certain  hour  of  tht^  day  a  very 
sudden  increase  occurred  in  the  quantity  of  vajjoui*.  This  was  at 
once  exphiined  by  the  fact  that  at  this  hour  the  seti  breeze  became 
established.  As  the  heat  tjf  the  day  increased,  the  wind  blowing 
from  over  the  sea  brought  in  more  vapour,  and  a  maximum  occurr 
in  the  afternoon.  As  the  temperature  full,  and  the  wbid  veer 
landwtti'ii,  the  vapour  became  h?ss,  and  when  the  land  wind 
thoroughly  established,  the  vapour  became  mucli  less,  and  a  mini- 
mum was  arrived  at  somewhuro  near  th«  mininium  of  temperatu 
But  certain  subsidimy  complications  of  this  general  rule  were  ; 
observable.    After  the  sun   rosei  the  heat,  radiated  to  the   ea 


1871.] 


Ffaceedin^t  of  the  Aiiattc  Soeietf* 


caiiBed  tho  rapid  evaporation  of  any  water,  either  a  deposit  of  dew 
or  pools  of  water  &c,,  exposed  to  the  rays  of  tile  sun.  Tlius  a 
rapid  development  of  vapour  began*  But  soon  the  air  became 
heated,  and  ita  capacity  for  vapour  increased  more  rapidly  than 
the  process  of  evaporation  could  supply  vapour.  This  caused  the 
air  to  become  relatively  drier.  Like  opeiiitions  in  the  converao 
sense  took  place  in  the  evening.  Such  results  were  more  or  less 
visible  in  the  observations  made  at  v&i'ious  places  that  had  come 
under  his  notice,  but  necessarily  each  locality  would  have  its  own 
peculiar  conditions,  and  would  show  a  special  set  of  changes.  It 
was,  he  thought,  in  some  such  manner  as  this  that  all  Meteorologi* 
eal  phenomena  should  be  looked  into,  with  the  intention  of  ascer- 
taining as  far  as  possible  the  precise  physical  causes  of  their  com- 
ponent elements.  A  mere  record  of  facta  such  as  was  commonly 
put  forward  as  a  discussion  of  the  Meteorological  phenomena  of 
any  locality,  could  only  be  of  use  in  a  seientitic  point  of  view  so 
fai'  as  it  was  thus  treated,  and  he  hoped  that  all  observers  would 
bear  this  in  mind. 

The  variations  of  the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere  were  next  re- 
ferred to.  Col.  Strachey  said  that  he  had  little  doubt  that  the  dou- 
ble tide  was  simply  the  result  of  the  heating  power  of  the  sun  oa 
the  atmospliere,  though  we  did  not  distinctly  know  haw  tlio  result 
was  brought  about.  He  remaiked  that  the  explaDation  of  the 
phenomenon  involved  the  solution  of  a  very  difficult  problem  in  hy- 
drodynamics, and  that  he  believed  tliat  it  was  only  by  the  aid  of  ma- 
thematical science  that  any  precise  explanation  could  be  given.  He 
regi'etted  his  own  want  of  mathematical  knowledge  and  hoped  that 
eome  of  the  mathematicians  of  India  ur  Kurope  might  be  led  to  in- 
vestigate the  problem.  It  was^  to  ascertain  tUo  effect  produced,  (on 
an  elastic  vapour  atmosphere  covering  a  sphere),  by  a  source  of 
heat  gradually  moving  round  the  sphere*  The  necessary  result  of 
such  a  process  could  be  generally  stated  with  great  ease,  but  its 
precise  mathematical  expression  was  quite  a  different  thing.  The 
Sun,  the  source  of  heat,  certainly  caused  the  expansion  of  the  por- 
tion of  the  atmosphere  between  the  meridians  say  of  B  o'clock  a,  m» 
and  5  p.  M,,  and  a  general  overflow  of  the  upper  parts  of  the  atmos- 
pheric colLmms  80  expanded  must  take  place   to  tho   east   and  the 


68 


PricadingM  of  the  Anutlia  Sttci^ty. 


[MabcrI 

west,  catieiug  a  dispersion  of  air  and  consequent  reduction  of  pres- 
sure, near  tJ\e  centre  of  th«  lieated  spare,    and  a  heapinp:  up  of  air " 
and  inoreftse  of  preasure  at   its  two  inargiua,     TMci  he  believed  to 
he  tlie  most  likely  explanation  of  the  two   maxima  and    the  inter-J 
veuing  minimum  of  pressure.     At  the  same  time   he  munt    guar 
himself  by  fstnin^  that  tho  aboye  was  a  very  coarse   and   imperfout 
explamition  of  the  plienomenon,  not  intended  to  be  put  forwai'd  oal 
Bcaeutifit.'aliy  precise.    As  a  fact  the  movement  of  the  air  particlea 
which  caused  the  diumul  tide  of  pressure  was  a  wave  movement^ 
and   not  a   real   permanent   luovemtmt   of  tianslation*     Tiiis  wi 
proved  by  the  cir^-nmstance  that  the   tide  of  air  pressure   moved 
round    the   earth  Mulh  the  Sun  and  quite  independent  of  the  actual 
motion  of  the  masy  of  the  atm(x>phcre  at  the  place  of  nbservatioa. 
Col.  S.  referred  to  various  peculiaritiea  in  the  form  of  the  curve  oi 
diurnal    pressure  at  various   places,  and  ollered  comments  on  some 
of  tliem.     He  particularly  su^^gested  the  pro^^riety  of  making  care* 
ful   observations   at  some  small   island,  in   an   extensive  sea  area 
witliin  llie  tropics,  as  a  moans  of  asccrtuiuing  the   normal   diurna 
curve  in  its  simplent  form.     He  noticed  the  well  known  inochiiTiicalj 
law  of  the  possible  co-ejtistence  of  any    number  of  waves  in  a  fluidj 
body,  and  said  that,  no  doubt,  many  of  tlie  local  peculiarities  of  the! 
barometx'ical  curves,  daily  or  other,  were  due  to  such  superimposed  1 
waves,  and  that  what  the  scientilic  obseiTer  had  to  do   was  to   se-J 
parate  tliese  and  indicate  their  several  causes. 

Col.  iStrachcy  piuuted  out  how  the  diurnal  variation   of  pressure 
was  most  marked  when  the   diuinal    variation    of  t4:jmperttture  was^ 
greatest.    Also  how  the  daily  tide  was  best  marked  near  the  equa- 
tor, and  gradually    faded  awuy  towartls  the  poles.     He  sug^estedl 
as  a  siLfRcient  explanation   of  this,    that  at    the  equator  the  force|l 
exerted   by  the  eun  in  creating  the  wave  action  iu  the  atmospher©|l 
0(jntinued  constantly  x^arallcl  to  the  actual  motion  of  the  air  particles, 
forming  the  atmospheric  wave  as  they  revolved  with  the    earth  on 
its  axis,  and  that  consequently  the  impulbe  was  accumulated  in  an 
intense  degree,   and  a  true   accelerating   force  developed.     As  we 
lejive   tlie    equator   this   parallelism   is  departed  Irom,  the  actualj 
direction  of  the  air  particles  of  the  atmot^phoric  wave  being  forced! 
into   a  email   ciicle  uf  latitude,  so  that  the  impulse  eaubod  by  th#l 


I 


?Taceedingn  of  the  AsimtieaSmi 

heat  is  not  anoumulateil,  aad  at  length  at  tho  pole  no  force  at  all 
can  be  exerted. 

The  gradual  ^lisappearanoe  of  tho  re/iuiar  dally  variations  of 
pressure,  as  wo  rouedo  from  the  equator,  was  pointed  out  to  be  a 
phenomenon  analogous  to  the  correspouding  disai^pearance  near 
the  equator  of  the  irrf^fftilar  variations  of  prossure,  so  strongly  mark- 
ed near  the  pole.  The  8te«dines8  of  the  pressure  in  India  whic^h 
is  most  marked,  aud  the  change  that  takes  phuie  from  the  cold 
season  of  greatest  pressure  to  the  h<tt  season  of  least  pressure, 
were  referred  to  as  phenomena  readily  explained  in  the  manner 
suggested  in  the  case  of  the  daily  variations.  The  eonatancy  of 
til©  pressure  over  large  areas,  aud  the  propagation  of  what  may  ho 
called  the  irregular  variations,  from  day  to  day,  over  the  whole  of 
India,  wero  phenomena  whit.'h  had  been  notii't^d  by  the  late  Mr. 
James  I'rinsep,  and  some  very  inetrut-tive  diagrams  exhibiting  this 
had  been  published  iu  the  Hoeiety^s  Journal,  OoL  Stradiey  thought, 
in  18.36.  The  subject  had  lung  ago  attracted  Ool.  S.*s  notice,  and  he 
invited  attention  to  it  as  well  worthy  of  epL'cial  examination^  in 
connexion  with  what  he  had  said  regarding  the  superimposing  of 
wraves  in  a  fluid  mass.  These  great  fluctuations,  extending  over 
half  the  continent  of  Asia,  were  manifestly  in  tho  nature  of  great 
waves,  and  the  smaller  fluctuations  atfecting  smaller  areas,  were 
smaller  waves,  f>r  so  to  speak  ripples,  breaking  into  the  general 
fluid  surface.  This  part  of  the  subject  was  one  of  much  intorestj 
in  whieh  very  little  hud  yet  been  done,  and  ho  hoped  that  Mr, 
Blauford  might  be  able  to  throw  more  light  upon  it. 

The  curves  of  tenjperaturo  to  which  Mr.  Blauford  had  direcited 
attention  were  noticed  by  liim  as  indicating  certain  irregulariitM  of 
importance.  Ool.  Straohey  wished  to  say  that  in  his  opinion  the 
first  thing  to  do  was  to  attend  to  tho  rtf/ulan'ties.  If  we  were  ever  to 
make  a  Science  of  Moteoruhigy  we  must  do  it  by  supplying  i>hy si cal 
explanations  of  tlio  observed  phenomena.  The  regular  phenomena 
were  without  any  doubt  those  at  the  present  time  best  deserving 
attention.  When  we  had  thoroughly  mastered  them,  and  wero 
able  to  give  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  their  peeultarities,  we 
should  be  in  a  reasonable  position  to  advance  to  the  irregularities. 
It  certainly  caunot  be  said  that  any  sucli  command  hua  yet  been  oh- 


70 


Proci0d$nff9  of  the  Asiatie  Socteff. 


[MARdf, 


tained  over  tlie  laws  of  the  ordinary  diurnal  change  of  temperature, 
and  to  the  study  of  these,  he  would  express  a  hope,  that  Indian 
observers  would  apply  themselves.  The  primary  causes  of  thoea 
changes  were  simple  enough.  On  the  one  side,  the  Sun  during  the 
day  added  to  the  heat  of  the  air  and  the  earthy  and  on  the  other 
the  air  and  the  earth  during  the  night  threw  off  their  heat  into 
celestial  space.  Very  little  waa  yet  known  of  how  these  operations 
took  place,  or  why  it  was  that  special  laws  of  inareaae  and  decrease 
of  temperature  governed  eai.*h  soaaon  or  eaoh  locality.  One  of  the 
causes  of  such  variations  he  might  refer  to,  (as  before,  rather  ia 
illustration  of  the  general  scope  of  his  advice,  than  as  au  attempt 
to  deal  exliaustively  with  the  subject),  was  the  quantity  of  vapour 
in  the  air,  by  reason  of  which  ite  power  of  transmitting  radiant 
lu^at  varied.  As  the  air  was  dry,  it  transmitted  more  j  as  it  waa 
tilled  with  vapour,  it  transmitted  less  heat*  Thus  the  diurnal  vft^ 
nations  both  by  day  and  night  would  increase  in  extent  as  the  aur 
was  drier,  and  vice  verail.  OoL  Sti-ochey  had  examined  the  Madras 
observations  with  a  view  of  osnertttining  how  the  matter  was,  after 
the  suggestion  had  been  made  by  the  researches  of  Professor  Tyn- 
dall,  and  the  result,  as  above  stated,  quite  corrohoroted  the  labori^ 
tory  experiments. 

The  diurnal  winds  of  Upper  India  were  very  well  known  to  all 
persons  acquainted  with  that  part  of  tUe  country.  That  they  were 
due  to  the  daily  variation  of  the  pressure  he  had  little  doubt  They 
wei'e  not  conhui^d  to  India  at  all,  and  in  truth  extended  all  over 
Southern  Asia  up  to  the  Caspian.  The  correctness  of  this  theoreti* 
col  explanation  of  these  diurnal  westerly  winds,  woi^,  he  thoughtj 
quite  coniinnod  by  the  circumstance  that  during  the  months  of  dry 
westerly  wind  a  faint  easterly  wind  was  common  early  in  the 
morning,  showing  that  tlio  high  pressui'e  to  the  east  of  the  place 
of  observation  had  a  similar  effect  to  that  produced  to  the  west  of 
it.  Of  course  as  the  actual  course  of  the  crest  of  the  wave  of  prea* 
sure  waa  east  to  west,  and  tlie  great  fail  of  pressure  waa  to  tho 
ea«t  of  the  crest,  the  westerly  wind  mtist  be  the  best  marked. 

It  is  important,  Col,  8,  said,  always  to  bear  in  mind  that  wind  is 
nothing   more   than  a  eonatquenc^  a/  inequality  of  preisursp   and^  i 
tlierofore,  commonly,  if  not  always,  more  or  less  directly  of  ehan00$ 


187L] 


Ff0€t6d%ng$  of  the  Aiiatio  Sacieiif, 


71 


of  iemperaturff.  It  is  a  vulgar  error  to  drop  out  of  view  the  easen- 
tial  change  of  preflsxire  as  the  direct  cause  of  wind,  which  should 
be  fitudiouflly  avoided  in  Col.  Strachey'e  opimon  by  every  scientific 
Meteorologist  The  study  of  the  winds,  with  the  view  of  obtainingj 
the  precise  explanation  of  theli"  mochanical  causes,  ia  much  to  bfl 
reoommended,  but  here,  as  in  all  other  like  enquiries ^  the  observer 
must  seek  for  true  physical  forces,  and  not  permit  himself  to  be 
blinded  by  the  vague  generalities  which  afflict  this  section  of 
meteorology  as  they  do  all  others. 

Closely  connected  with  the  winds  is  the  subject  of  rain^  but  on  tliia 
he  (CoL  S.)  would  not  venture  to  say  anything  excepting  that,  of  all 
the  phenomena  with  which  meteorology  affected  to   deal,  this  waa 
least  understood^  and  most  involved  in  all  sorta  of  misconceptions  < 
the  grossest  description  of  the  physical  forces  that  were  operative  inM 
its  production. 

In  conclusion  Col.  Strachey  said^  he  would  earnestly  exhort  every 
one  who  desired  to  assist  the  progress  of  meteorology,  to  treat  it  in 
some  such  spirit  as  he  had  explained,  to  abandon  the  misleading 
dogmatism  that  had  hitherto  obstructed  all  real  progress,  and  to 
seek  for  the  precise,  true,  physical  and  mechanical  forces  which 
produce  tlie  phenomena  that  he  studies* 

Tho  President  briefly  alluded  to  a  few  of  the  most  important 
meteorological  questions  noticed   by  Col.  Strachey,  and  expressed 
a  hope  that  the  time  may  soon  arrive  when  it  will  be  possible  tO<j 
carry  out  the  many  valuable  suggestions  which  CoL  Strachey  has 
brought  forwai-d. 

The  following  papers  were  read : — 


On    a    PRACTtCAL   MBTHOD   K>R   DBTECTINO    BAD    nrstTLATOBa   OH 

Telegraph  Lmss, — hy  Loma  8ciiwENDL»a,  Eao* 

On©  of  the  many  practical  measures,  and   certainly   not   one  of 

the  least  important,  introduced  during  the  last  few  yrara   with    a 

view   of  increasing  the   ufficteucy  of   tlio   Telegraph 


72 


Pr^imdingn  of  IIm  Anuftiv  Society* 


[Ma&cr^ 


ifl  the  establisliment  of  a  scientific  83r8tem  of  testing  all  materials 
and  instruments  eDipltiy^'d  on  the  lino.  Many  practi<ial  resultn 
h&YB  already  been  obtained  therefirom,  but  it  is  not  tbe  object  of 
the  present  commimication  to  enter  into  the  details  of  tliis  most 
interesting  subject ;  I  will,  only  point  out  one  impoilaat  fact  thjit 
has  been  established. 
A  ^eai  many    lines  in  India  eoutain  rledrtraUy  defective  inmlator~ 

aom§  to  such  an  esf^nt  m  to  lower  th^  itisulnlion  to  a  deffref    ichich  if 

faUl  to  ths  direct  and  regular  working  ofhng  Une$. 

Why  such  insulators  could  creep  in,  notwithstanding^  the  care 
taken  in  England  to  secure  efBeient  Telegraph  Stores  for  India, 
ifi  a  question  with  which  I  cannot  deal  at  present,  but  which  maj 
perhaps  form  the  subject  of  a,  future  paper,  when  more   data  have 

en  collected,* 
ae  very  fact  that  electrically  defective  insulators,  showing  no- 
thing externally,  do  exist  and  are  distributed  over  lines  of  such 
vast  extent,  has  created  the  necessity  of  having  a  reliable  method 
by  which  such  insulators  can  be  detected,  and  other  perfect  onea 
substituted  with  the  least  possible  expense. 

It  is  clear  that  such  a  method,  if  practicable,  must  be  very  sim- 
ple, and  the  instruments  used  portable  and  handy.f 

After  some  searching  in  this  direction,  the  following  method  was 
found  to  answer  the  purpose  most  satisfactorily. 

The  principle  of  the  method  is  to  produce  magneto- electric 
cfurrents  through  the  resistance  of  the  insulator  under  test,  and  to 
measure  these  currents  by  the  effect  they  have  on  the  boily  of  the 
tester^ 


•  The  caBB©  for  the  low  inmlatlon  of  in?nlat^>j'B  seems  to  bo  the  poroua 
•tftte  of  some  porcelain,  through  which  a  minute  qaatitity  of  water  diffmiee 
Haelf  ill  time.  When  hentiiig  aa  imperfi^nt  insnlator,  it  becomes  wlwaja  perfect, 
but  iTnmerging  it  a  aufticieutly  loojy  time  in  waU*r,  it  beoomea  agaiti  imperfect. 

The  leakage  eeeme  to  be  iuTariablj  m  thia  part  of  ft  poroelaio  which  is 
cemented  in  the  iron  hood. 

^  To  use  a  deflection  method  is  out  of  the  qneatiou,  hecanse  the  still  oompara- 
tirely  high  reniBtanceof  insulators,  which  have  to  hfitletected,  would  neoeuitAie 
a  high  electromotive  force,  and  a  very  delicate  GtilvaDometer,  which  arr»ng«- 
menta  ooultl  not  bo  made  easily  portable,  as  it  la  required  wlieu  the  tester  pro- 
oeeds  along  a  liua. 


1 87 1 .]  Proeeedingi  of  the  Astatic  Society. 

The  subjoined  diagram  shews  the  connections  readily : 


78 


Fi^l. 


--^ 

o 
o 
o 

o 
rs 
o 

4J> 

m' 

\     iSJ^ 

J  is  a  magneto-electric  machine,  the  two  terminals  t  and  V  of 
which  are  insulated  from  each  other  and  from  the  ground. 

t  is  in  permanent  contact  with  a  perfectly  insulated  leading 
wire  /,  long  enough  to  reach  the  insulator,  to  the  iron  hood  of 
which  it  is  to  be  hooked. 

t'  is  in  permanent  connection  with  the  clamp  c  to  which  is 
fixed  a  small  platinum  knob,  m,  and  both  the  clamps,  o  and  c\ 
are  permanently  connected  with  each  other.  A  good  insulated 
leading  wire,  //,  which  is  to  be  hooked  on  to  the  bracket  of  the 
insulator  under  test,  is  in  contact  with  the  moveable  platinum 
knob  m'  which,  however,  is  insulated  from  c\  when  pressed  down, 
but  which  in  its  position  of  rest^  (or  when  not  pressed  down 
short),  closes  the  circuit  between  c  and  c'  at  /. 

The  whole  arrangement  is  constructed  light  but  strong,  protect- 
ed from  rain  and  can  be  carried  along  the  line  by  one  man  only. 


74  Proeeedtn^s  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Mabcr 

The  tester  proceeds  as  follows  : — 

After  having  cleaned  the  insulator  carefully,  he  removes  tem- 
porarily the  line  from  the  insulator  and  hooks  the  leading  wire 
No.  I  to  the  iron  hood  and  leading  wire  No.  11  to  the  bracket  of  the 
insulator.  He  then  turns  the  handle  of  the  magneto  electric  ma- 
chine with  one  hand,  while  one  finger  of  the  other  is  resting  on 
the  knob  m  of  clamp  e. 

As  soon  as  he  touches  with  the  other  finger  the  knob  m^  of 
clamp  c\  at  the  same  time  pressing  it  down,  the  metalio  cir- 
cuit between  c  and  m'is  opened,  and  the  positive  and  negative 
magneto-electric  currents  have  to  pass  from  one  finger  to  the 
other,  and  consequent!}',  if  strong  enough,  will  give  the  tester  sensi- 
ble shocks,  by  which  he  is  at  once  informed  that  the  insulator 
under  test  is  defective,  and  much  under  the  fixed  standard  of 
insidation. 

If  the  tester  does  not  feel  any  current  through  his  fingers,  (a 
comparatively  rough  galvanoscop),  he  has  only  to  repeat  the  ex- 
periment by  placing  his  tongue  on  the  knob  m,  while  his  hand 
still  presses  the  knob  tnf  down.  If  no  current  is  felt  by  the  tester 
through  this  most  delicate  galvanoscop,  the  tongue,  he  can  rest 
assured  that  the  insulator  is  perfect  for  all  practical  purposes. 

By  opening  and  closing  the  circuit  alternately  at  the  knob  m ', 
the  tester  has  it  in  his  power  to  allow  at  short  interval  currents  to 
pass  through  his  tongue,  and  consequently  will  be  able  to  detect 
the  slightest  induction  currents. 

The  following  experiments  were  made  with  insulators  of  known 
resistance  to  ascertain  the  highest  limit  by  which  the  tongue  is 
still  able  to  detect  induction  currents. 

The  currents  in  these  experiments  were  produced  by  one  of 
8iemen*s  well  known  dial  instruments,  the  revolving  bobbin  of 
which  had  a  resistance  =  1577  S.  U. 

The  absolute  resistance  of  each  insulator  was  first  carefully 
measured  in  the  ordinary  manner,  without  water  in  the  porcelain 
cups,  and  the  insulator  afterwards  tested  by  the  method  above 
described. 


1871.] 


ProeeedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Society. 


75 


No.  of  Insulator. 

Resistance  in  vnilU. 
S.  U. 

Strength  of  magneto-electric  cur- 
rents as  indicated  bj  the  human 
body,  through  the  resistance  of  the 
insulator  under  test. 

1. 

0.11 

Strong  shocks  felt  by  fingers. 

2. 

0.13 

Ditto    ditto. 

8. 

0.145 

Ditto    ditto. 

4. 

0.19 

Ditto    ditto. 

6. 

0.75 

Slight  shocks  felt  by  fingers. 

6. 

2.30 

No  shocks  felt  by  fingers,  but  good 
shocks  through  tongue. 

7. 

6.70 

No  shocks  felt  by  tongue,  but  a 
strong  acid  taste. 

8. 

7.1 

Distinct,  but  slight  acid  taste. 

9. 

82 

Ditto    ditta 

10. 

82.0 

Nothing  felt  by  tongue. 

11. 

189.0 

Ditto    ditto. 

12. 

615  0 

Ditto    ditto. 

13. 

2620.0 

Ditto    ditta 

14. 

8 

Ditto    ditto. 

From  these  experiments  it  follows  that  all  insulators  offering  a 
resistance  up  to  about  1  mill.  S.  U.  can  be  detected  by  the  fingers, 
and  those  above  1  mill,  and  under  8  mills,  can  be  unmistakably  de- 
tected by  the  tongue.  It  appeared  also  that  tongues  of  different 
persons  were  equally  sensitive,  since  several  persons,  Europeans 
and  natives,  acknowledged  the  known  acid  taste,  even  through  the 
insulator  No.  9,  having  8.2  mill.  S.  U.  resistance. 

The  highest  limit  of  the  method  could  of  course  be  increased  by 
filling  the  revolving  bobbin  of  the  magneto-electric  machine  with 
much  finer  wire  and  increasing  the  nimiber  of  permanent  magnets  ; 
however,  this  will  be  scarcely  necessary,  because  it  seems  to  be  a 
fact  that  if  an  insulator  has  more  than  about  8  mills.,  the  resistance 
is  generally  so  high  as  to  be  practically  infinite   and,   therefore,   a 


76 


Pi*ocf^dingi  qfthe  Aiiatic  Soctftf, 


[March, 


greater  sensitiYeness  of  tlio  iustrument  would  only  complicate  th 
method. 

As  it  is  inteiided  that  the  tester  liimself  should  tiim  the  hand 
of  the  magueto-electTiu  maeliine,  he  has  it  entirely  in  liis  power   to" 
regulate  the  strength  of  the  induction  currents   by   turning   fast 
or  slower,   and  an,  besides  this,  he  always  begins  the  testing  by  i 
fir8t   sending  tlie  currents  through  his  fingers,  noseyere  shocks  can 
occur  to  him  in  the  subBOquent  operation. 

The  method  has   also   a  safeguard   in   itself  against  careless 
rejecting   good   insulators,   because   the   tester   wiE   certainly 
oareful  in  having  the  insulator  properly  cleaned  befoi-e  testing  If 
in  order  to  a%*oid  severe  shocks. 

There  can  also  he  scarcely  any  doubt  that  the  tongue  is  tB 
best  detector  in  this  particular  case^  because  it  is  sufficiently 
Beusitivej  never  comes  out  of  order  and  inJicates  almost  momen- 
tary currents  ;  it  is  beeides  tlie  cheapest  instrument  tliat  could  be 
used* 

[iN'i;/^].     This  method   may   also   with   advantage   be  used  td 
detecting  bad  joints  in  a  telegraph  line.    It  is  then  only  necessar 
to  c*onnect  the  two  ends  of  the  joint  to  the  two  terminals  of  th 
m ague toelecti'ic  machine,  in  such  a  way  that  the  body  of  the  test 
acts  as  a  shunt  to  the  joint. 

A  joint  which  offers  a  resistance   of  not  less  than  5  8.  U,  alio? 
a  tun  cut  to  pass  sufficiently  strong  to  he  detected  by  the  tongue  p 
but  if  the  joint  has  a  resistance  of  more  than  200  S.  U.  the  cur- 
rent passing  is  strong  enough  to  be  felt   already  by   the  fingers  of 
the  tester. 


Mr.  W*  E.  Ayrton  observed,  that  there  is  one  point  of  excellency 
in    Mr.    Schwendler's    arrangement   for  detecting   bad   insulator 
wliit'h,  as  ^Ir.  Schwendler  has  not  mentioned  it,  he  should  like 
say  a   few   words   about.     Testing  insulators  by  passing  a  curre 
tlirough  them  is  not  th^w,  but  the  turrcnt  used  for  this  purpose  hii 
uji  to  the  present  time  been  that  oV>tained  from  a  galvanic  battel'] 
and  to  observe  such  a  current  a  most  delicate   galvanometer  is  re- 
quired.    Kow  both  a  galvanic  battery  and  a  delicate  galvanooiet 
are  in  theniaelves  most  unportable,  the  battery  because  it  must 


lano 


Proee^dingn  e/ih  Amiic  Somei^. 


n 


very  large,  and  also  because  by  being  shaken  its  effect  ia  greatly 
diminished,  and  a  delicate  galvanometer  requires  most  careful  ad- 
justment each  time  before  it  is  used  after  being  moved.  To  obviate 
the  use  of  a  galvanic  battery,  Mr.  Sthwendler  has  sijggf>flted  a  mag- 
neto-electric machine  which  is  much  more  portable  and  also  has  the 
eame  power  as  a  very  large  battery.  An  ordinary  magneto- electric 
machine,  however,  sends  (rapid)  reverse  currents  which  would 
produce  no  effect  on  the  needle  of  a  galvanometer,  even  although 
the  galvanometer  were  very  delicate,  because  the  rapid  reverse  cur- 
rents produce  a  quick  suc^^ession  of  opposite  effects  on  the  needlei 
or  practically  no  effect  at  all.  This,  it  is  true,  may  be  obviated  by 
attaching  to  the  magneto -electric  machine  a  particular  kind  of  re- 
versing arrangement,  but  thija  is  liable  to  get  out  of  order.  Conse- 
|aenUy  whut  is  required  is  a  delicate  portable  gtdvanomeler  affect- 

.  by  reverse  cun*unts,  and  such  a  galvanometer  Mr.  Schwendler 
has  found  in  the  human  tongue,  which  is  most  delicate  and  certain- 
ly is  most  portable  and  is  affected  by  reverse  currents,  therefore  ia 
most  suitable  to  be  used  with  the  magneto- electric  machine* 

Mr.  Schwendler  exhibited  the  apparatus  for  testing  the  re* 
mstence  of  insulators  and  explained  in  detail  the  advantages  of  the 
practical  method.  The  experiment,  ae  described  in  the  above 
paper,  was  tried  by  several  members. 

The  President  noticed  that  Mr.  Lethbridge  has  brought  an 
interesting  communication  relating  to  the  old  Dutch  records  in 
Chinsurah.  It  wiU  be  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  Society  at  the 
next  meeting.     There  were  also  two  other  papers  on  the  list 


OjT  a  new  OEXUS  of  BATSi  with    DEBCaTPTIOX   OF    A   2»nrW    SPECIES  OF 

Kehtvoctla,  bj/  G.  K  Dobsok,  B.  A.,  M.  B,,  Aui,  Surgeon  11.  M» 
British  Forcet,     (Abstract.) 

The  new  genus,  described  in  this  paper,  is  characterised  by  the 
presence  of  a  nrttfle  phalanx  in  the  4  th  finf^er^  two  in  the  3rd  and 
three  in  the  2nd.  The  single,  terminal  phalanx  of  the  4th  finger, 
and  second  or  terminal  phalanx  of  the  3rd  are  rudimentary,  so  mi- 
nute as  to  be  scarcely  discernible,  and,  therefore,  do  not  add  appre- 
ciably ti)  tlie  length  of  these  fingers. 


78 


Pfocredin^a  of  the  Atiatia  Soeiety. 


[1 


Tlio  typical  number  of  plialanges  in  the  2iid,  3rd  and  4th  fingors 
of  a  bat  is  two  in  each  digit ;  this  number  is  often  exceeded  in  many 
genera  of  Insectivorous  bate  by  the  addition  of  another  short  plia- 
laax,  but  in  no  genus,  hitherto  described,  is  the  number  loss  than 
two.  Ab  the  greatest  breadth  of  a  bat*a  wing  ia  uaually  found  by 
measuring  along  the  4th  finger,  it  foDows  that,  in  this  typical  spe- 
cies where  we  fi.nd  the  terminal  phalanx  of  the  4th  finger  rudime 
tary,  and  the  homologue  of  the  Ist  phalanx  only  in  other  bats,  (tl 
2nd  and  3rd  phalanges  being  suppressed),  the  wing  must  be  ce 
paratively  extremely  narrow.  On  account  of  this  remai-kable  na 
rowness  of  the  wing,  the  author  suggests  to  call  the  now  geniM_ 
"  SUn(^pUms.*'    The  type  spedea  is  from  Darjeeling. 

Tho  new  Kenvoula  diifers  from  other  allied  spocios  by  corta 
peculiarities  in  the  shape  of  the  head,  of  the  ears  &c.     Tho  sg 
name  aurata  is  pi-oposed  for  it. 

On  Indian  and  Malayan  TelphmidtBf  by  T.  Wood-Mason,  Esq. 

The  receipt  of  the  following  communicalion  was  also  announce 
Notes  on  birds  olsened  in    the    neighhourhood   of  Naffpur^    Kam^ 

Central  FrovinceSf  Cfukalda  and  AhoUi   in   Bcrai\  by   Lt.-CoL  A. 

Mc Master,  Madras  Staif  Corps* 

Library* 
Tho  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  1 
meeting,  held  in  Februai^  lost. 

Preieniatiom, 
<»%  Names  of  Donors  hi  Capitals* 

Philosophical  Transactions  of  the  Hoyal  Society   of  London 
lS70,vol.  IGO,  partL^ — Royal  Society  Catalogue  of  Scientific  pajiers, 
vol,  IV.— The  Royal  Sociei-y  of  IjOM>03f< 

Praceedings  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  vol.   XYI, 
5. — The  E.  Geographical  Society  of  Londojt* 

Journal  of  the  Linnean  Society,  Zoology,  Nos.  47  and  48,  Bota- 
ny 53  and  54. — ^TrnuRactions  of  the  same,  vol,  XXVI,  part  4, 
XXVII,  parts  1  and  2.— *Tlie  Linkeak  Socieit  of  London. 

Geschichtliche  ErgebniBae  dor  Aegyptologie. — Die  Entfaltnng 
dor  Ifloe  dos  Menschen  dui'ch  die  Weltgoschit^hte. — Sitzungsberichto 
1809,  n.  Heft  iii-iv  j  1870,  L  Hefto  i-iv,— AUmndluugen  der  Phi- 


1871.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  79 

losophiscli-Pliilologisclien  Classe,  Band  XII ;  Abth.  II ;  der  Mathe 
matisch-Physikalisclien  Classe,  Band  X,  Abtli,  III. — BAYEEiscnB 
Akademie  deb  Wissenschaften  zu  Miinchen. 

Possilo  Mollusken  des  Tertiajr-Beckens  von  Wion,  von  Dr.  M. 
Homes. — K.  K.  Gbologisohb  EEicnsAiirsTALT,  Wien. 

M^moires  de  la  Society  Imperiale  des  Sciences  Naturellcs  de 
Cherbourg,  Tom.  XITT  and  XIV. — Sooiete  Impbeiale  des  Sciej^cbs 
Nattjkelles  de  Chebbouro. 

Monatsbericht,  Novr.  1870. — ^Abbandlimgen,  1869. — Akademib 
deb  Wissenschaften  zu  Bebun. 

Bulletin,  Tom  XV,  Nos.  1,  2.— M^moires,  Tom  XV,  Nos.  5-8.— 

ACADEMIE  ImPEBIALE  DES  SCIENCES   DE   St.  PeTEBSBOUBG. 

Tatv6vali. — Pravoda  Sataka,  by  ChandraldLnta  Tark6lank4ra. — 
The  Atjthob. 

A  revision  of  the  Terehratulida  and  Zingulida,  with  remarks  on 
and  description  of  some  recent  forms,  by  W.  H.  Dall. — The  Au- 
thor. 

La  Langue  et  la  litterature  BLindoustanies  en  1870,  par  M. 
Garcin  de  Tassy. — The  Authob. 

General  Eeport  on  the  Panjab  Oil-lands,  by  B.   Smith  Lyman, 
with  11  plates. — The  Authob. 
Ueber  das  !R&mdyana,  von  A.  Weber. — The  Authob. 
Journal  of  a  Voyage  up  the  Irrawaddy  to  Mandalay  and  Bhamo, 
by  J.  T.  Wheeler. — The  Authob. 

Eahasya  Sandarbha,  No.   63. — Babu  Eajendbalala  Mitra. 
Annual  Report  on  the  Convict  Settlement  of  Port  Blair  for  1869- 
70. — The  Govebnment  of  India. 

Annual  Eeport  on  the  Administration  of  the  Bengal  Presidency 
for  1869-70. — ^Eeport  of  the  Administration  of  the  N.  W.  Provinces 
for  1869-70. — ^Eeport  of  the  Administration  of  the  Eegistration  De- 
partment in  Bengal  for  1869-70. — The  CoochBohar  Select  Eecords, 
No.  in. — The  Government  of  Bengal. 

Eeport  on  the  Meteorology  of  the  Panjab,  for  1869. — ^Thb  Go- 
vebnment OF  THE  Panjab. 

Uzchange. 
The  AthencDum,  for  December,  1870. 
The  Nature,  Nos.  62-65. 


80  Ptoeeedingg  of  the  Asiatic  Society, 

;j;i'!  Purchase, 

I,:  j  Eeisen  in  China  von  Peking  zur  Mongolischen  Qrenze,  von  Dr. 

2  f  A.  Bastian  : — F.  Bopp's  Vergleichende  Grammatik  :— The  L.  E. 

ii  '  D.   Philosophical  Magazine,     No.   270; — Annals   and   Magazine 

Jj!  of  Natural  History,  No.  37  : — Zenker's  Dictionnaire  Turc-Arabe- 

|:  Persan,     Heft    XVn  :— Bohtlingk   und  Eoth'    Sanskrit- Worter- 

J  '  buch,  Bogen  51-60. 


t 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOR  APRIL,    1871. 


The  monthly  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday  the 
5th  instant  at  9  o'clock  p.  m. 
The  Hon'ble  Mr.  Justice  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed 
Presentations  were  announced  : — 

1.  From  Col.  T.  C.  Hamilton  —  a  large  round  Gold  coin,  very 
thin,  somewhat  more  than  an  inch  in  diameter. 

Col.  Hamilton  writes  that  he  received  the  coin  from  Mr.  W.  H. 
Pattisson,  District  Superintendent  in  Bamree,  who  obtained  the 
same  on  the  island  Oheduba.  In  an  account  which  Mr.  Pattisson 
published  in  the  Arracan  News  of  1871  (p.  27)  regarding  his  trip  on 
Choduba  island,  the  same  officer  states  to  have  been  informed  that  the 
inscription  on  the  coin  is  in  Cingalese,  and  that  the  coin  was  struck 
during  the  reign  of  Maha  Paramat,  king  of  Ceylon  in  the  year  of 
religion  446.  This  would  nearly  correspond  with  the  year  1086,  A.  D. 
Since  the  publication  of  the  account,  just  alluded  to,  Mr.  Pattisson, 
however,  believes  to  have  ascertained  that  the  inscription  is  in  old 
Siamese  character. 

2.  From  G.  Latham,  Esquire  —  two  charts  of  the  Harbour  of 
Bombay. 

3.  From  Major  J.  M.  Graham  —  a  group  of  rudely  moulded 
brass  figures,  representing  *'  Lushais"  and  their  social  habits. 

The  following  memorandum  accompanied  the  donation  : 
"  The  group  was  presented  by  one  of  the  *  Lushai*  chiefs  of  the 
tribe  of  *  Nuttun  Pooea'  to  Major  Graham,  then  Deputy  Commis- 


82  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [AprHi^ 

sioner  of  the  Hill  parts  of  Chittagong.  It  consists  of  a  great  nma- 
ber  of  small  brass  figures  and  two  trees,  arranged  on  a  wooden 
block,  nearly  ten  inches  square  and  about  IJ  inch  thick." 

"  Amongst  the  figures  will  be  found  men  engaged  in  acting,  which 
consists  in  representations  of  fights,  attacks  on,  or  by,  wild  beasts, 
the  proceedings  of  war  parties,  &c.  Their  singing  is  a  low  monoton- 
ous, buzzing  chant,  often  accompanied  by  the  music  of  drums,  small 
gongs,  and  of  a  wind  instrument  which  in  appearance,  and  sound, 
strongly  resembles  the  bagpipe.  Liquor  making,  dancing,  fishing, 
shooting,  smoking  &c.  are  also  shown." 

'^  On  the  trees  are  figures  of  birds,  and  animals,  such  as  the  Tou- 
can, and  the  long-armed  black  ape  or  *  Hooluck.*  " 

'^  The  method  of  fastening  the  bison,  {Bos  Gaurus) ,  which  animal 
is  domesticated  by  the  Lushais,  will  also  be  observed." 

'^  The  Bison  is  kept  for  the  sake  of  his  fiesh  and,  as  he  represents 
a  description  of  Lushai  currency,  ho  is  much  used  in  barter. 
It  is  also  worthy  of  remark  that,  while  the  Lushais  will  eat  al- 
most anything  under  the  sun,  they  will  not  touch  milk,  which  they 
consider  to  be  excrement." 

4.  Prom  Lieut.  W.  Miller,  M.  N.  I. — an  egg  of  Megapodim 
Nicohariensis  from  Kamorta  island  and  the  carapace  of  a  remarkably 
shaped  Pagurid  Crab  from  one  of  the  small  Nicobar  islands. 

From  Capt.  J.  V.  Falle, — a  skin  of  the  great  Albatross,  Diomedea 
exulans,  Linn.,  shot  off  the  Cape. 

The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
meeting  wore  balloted  for  and  elected  ordinary  members  : 
Dr.  P.  N.  Macnamara,  (re-oloctiou). 
Oscar  Trefi'tz,  Esq. 
Capt.  A.  J.  Filgatto,  R,  E. 
Major  J.  M.  Graham. 
Col.  P.  H.  Eundall. 
T.  M.  Bourn,  Esq. 
W.  J.  Curtoys,  Esq. 
W.  E.  Ayrton,  Esq. 
W.  Bourne,  Esq.,  C.  E. 
Tlio  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting:  . 


18710 


Proc&eSinffi  of  ihe  Aiiatic  Society. 


H 


Blbu  KalipTasaTina  Ghosba,  prtnposed  by  B^bu  Rijendralila 
Mitra,  seconded  by  Mr,  H*  Blocliniann. 

Capt.  B.  Rogers,  B,  St.  0,,  proposed  by  Mr.  J,  Wood-Mason, 
seconded  by  Col.  H.  Hyde, 

C.  F.  Bligb,  Esfi-,  proposed  by  0.  KeTil],  Escj,,  seconded  by  J. 
Wood-Mason,  Esq. 

Ch.  Sanderson,  Esq.,  proposed  by  iku  Hon'ble  J.  B.  Phear, 
iecondcd  by  H.  H.  Looko,  Esq* 

The  following  members  have  intimated  th©ir  desire  to  withdraw 
from  the  Soeioty. 

Dr.  S.  C«  Mackenzie. 
B.  J.  Leeds,  Blsq. 

Letters  were  read — 

1.  From  Mr.  St  John  —  On  some  North  Arracan  Celt^. 
Mr,  St.  John  gives  'outlines  of  several  colts  in  his  collection.     One 

large  form  is  from  Upper  Barma  and,  in  having  a  short  abrupt 
shoulder,  resembles  the  Burmese  celts  described  and  figured  by  Mr. 
Theubald  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Society  for  18G9,  p.  181  &c.,  pK 
iii  and  iv.  Two  other  celts  are  from  the  hills  in  North  Arracan  and 
are  in  form  and  bIzo  very  similar  to  those  figiu^ed  in  the  Proceedings 
for  1870^  pis.  iii  and  iv.  One  of  them  has  the  lower  edge  shai-pened 
from  both  sides,  ihe  other  only  from  one.  A  fourth  outline  repre- 
sents a  long  irtm  hatchet,  of  the  shape  of  a  broad  chi^^el ;  it  is  stDl 
in  use  by  the  Arakanese  in  being  simply  put  through  a  hole  at  the 
end  of  a  stick  of  a  male  bamboo. 

2.  A  letter  was  also  read  from  Mr.  E.  C,  Bajley«  0.  S.  I.,  re- 
garding a  Goldmuhur,  struck  by  Firuz  ShAh  Zufar  in  A.  H.  791. 
The  coin  appears  to  be  unique.  A  drawing  of  it  wiLL  appear  in  the 
philological  part  of  the  Journal  together  with  Mr.  Bayley's  notes. 


The  following  papers  were  read — 

1.  On  Iitdian  axb  Malavak  TsLPUUsm.^,  by  J.  Wood-Mason, 
Esq.  (Abstract.) 

The  author  gave  a  general  sketch  of  the  organisation  of  Tf^lphuiA 
indim  and  noticed  its  relation  to  the  two  other  known  species  of  the 
genus,  T.  Leschenattltu  a.n<i  Gwrim.  He  also  referred  to  the  de- 
scriptions of  15  new  species  of  which  two  belong  to  Milne-Edwards' 


84 


Proc00din^i  t^f  the  Asiaiic  SQckUj* 


[AfiJH 


subgenus  Paratdphma^  oocmring  in  Eastern  Bengal,  which  provinca 
possesp  a  decided  Malayan  character  in  its  fauna.  Some  remarks  an 
the  distribution  of  tlie  various  species  were  also  made. 

Dr.  Stoliczka  observed  that  the  results  at  which  Mr.  Wood-Masoa 
arrived  regarding^  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  Indian  Lui^ 
crabs  are  partictilarlj  intoroating,  because  they  were  obtained  ind 
pendently  of  the  ©xaniijiatitin  uf  other  groups  of  animals.  This  wi 
chiefly  due  to  Mr.  W.  T.  Blanford  in  having  pointed  the  distinc- 
tions existing  between  the  Imliau  and  Malayan  fauna  within  th 
geographical  area  which  we  usually  designate  India.  Many  of  tb 
details  on  the  subject  are  given  in  Mr.  Blanford's  paper  on  the 
Central  Indian  Reptiles,  published  in  last  yearns  JournaL  It  is,  D^ 
Stoliczka  stated,  natural  enough  that  Burma,  Eastern  Benga 
stretching  along  the  slopes  of  the  Ilimalayas  up  to  Nepal,  should 
po&>^eds  a  fauna  very  closely  allied  to  that  of  the  Malayan  peninsu 
and  tlie  neighbouring  islands,  but  it  is  diflictjlt  to  explain  how  tl 
same  Malayan  forms  have  come  into  existence  on  nearly  all  the 
higher  ranges  of  hills  in  South  India,  along  the  Malabar  coast,  an 
even  on  some  perfectly  isolated  hills,  while  the  intervening  part  \ 
the  lower  country  possesses  an  Indian  fauna  with  a  i>rovalenco 
Afi'ican  types.  Ileliable  data  regarding  the  distribution  of  tl] 
animals,  particularly  in  India,  are  as  yet  very  scanty,  and  car 
drawn  up  hste  of  those  observed  in  various  districts  are  mu 
needed,  that  we  may  be  able  to  explain  the  peculiar  phenomenon  \ 
the  isolation  of  the  Maloyan  fauna  in  some  parts  of  Southern  IndL 

It  does  not  appear  improbable  that    the  fauna   of  India  was 
some  remote  period  chietly,  or  altogether,  Malayan,  and  that  it  ha 
been  more  or  less  defttruyed  in  those  porta  which  were  affected 
the  enormous  volcanic   eruptions,    characterized   as  the  trappea 
formation  of  Oentral  and  K.  W.  India.     It  must  have  been  son 
where  about  that  time  when  a  communication  was    establiehod  ba 
tween  India  and  Africa,  and  when  African  forms  were  enabled 
travel  eastwards  and  attain  a  firm  hold  in  India*     The  immigratic 
from  the  West  must  have  been  considemble,  for  it  seems  to  ha^ 
greatly  checked   the    further  development  of  the  Malayan  fant; 
which  remained  preserved  only  on  the  more  elevated  hiUs,  chiefi 
those  consistiJig  of  gneissous  and  other  mctamorphic  rocks.  It  is  also 


1871.] 


PrcceedingM  af  ih$  AsittUe  Soetei^\ 


^5 


highly  probable  tbat  the  overflow  of  the  traps  produced  a  great 
change  in  the  climate  of  India,  particularly  in  the  less  elevated 
coimtry,  and  that  this  climate  was  more  favorable  to  the  develop- 
ment of  Afritan  than  of  Malayan  forme. 


2.    On  soire  old  Dutch  recorbs  of  the  settlei^ent  of  CnDfeTJKA ; 
by  E.  Lethbridge,  Esq.,  M,  A. 

A  short  time  ago  I  act'idontally  discovered  that  some  of  the  old 
records  of  the  Danish  settle raont  of  Serampore,  or  Frederiksnagar, 
and  some  of  those  of  the  Dutch  sottlement  of  Chinsura,  ^ere  pre- 
served amongst  the  ai-chives  of  the  Judge^s  Court  at  Hooghly.  By 
the  permission  of  the  Judge  of  Hooghly,  I  was  allowed  to  examine 
these  records ;  and  I  expected  to  open  up  a  rich  mine  of  antiqua- 
rian wealth,  for  Dutch  records,  at  all  events  the  European  ones, 
are  generally  considered  to  be  more  fuB  and  detailed  tlian  any 
others,  except  Yenetian  records.  The  documents  still  preserved  at 
Hooghly  are  contained  in  a  large  nloiira,  and  are  covered  with 
the  dust  of  years.  As  1  believe  is  the  case  with  all  the  record  re* 
positories  in  India,  there  are  absolutely  no  modem  scientiiic  ap- 
pliances for  the  preservation  of  these  papers ;  and  consequently 
most  of  them  are  worm-eaten  and  decajring,  and  many  are  in  a 
state  of  inseparable  cohesion.  I  was  somewhat  disappointed  to 
find  that  most  of  the  Butch  papers  which  I  examined  were  of  only 
local  importance  j  a  largo  number  were  merely  proiocoles  or  r*- 
ffitters  of  the  wilU  of  the  old  Dutch  residents,  and  hardly  any  of 
them  of  any  general  scientific  valuti  at  all.  Fortunately^  however, 
the  records  of  the  Court  supplied  me  with  a  very  good  explana- 
tion of  this  fact;  I  found  that  in  1853  aU  the  Dutch  reenfrd^ 
of  any  historical  mid  acunUfic  value  had  been  handed  over 
bodily^  and  without  even  any  proposal  to  retain  copies  of  them  ia 
this  country,  by  ttie  Government  of  India,  to  the  Government  of  the  < 
Netherlands'  India  j  and  by  the  latter  had  beea  doubtless  at  once 
transferred  to  the  Boyal  Archives  at  the  Hague.  I  have  beea 
fortunate  enough  to  diseorer  the  list  of  these  documents,  made  by 
the  order  of  Mr.  Torrens  (the  then  Judge  of  Hooghly^  at  the  time 
of  the  transfer  ;  and  a  copy  of  this  list  I  beg  to  be  allowed  to  sub- 
mit to  the  notice  of  the  Society,  (vide  App'nclixj  p.  89). 


86  ProrMilmgti  of  ike  Asiatic  Saeteh/,  [Aprii.,  , 

To  this  list  should  bo  added  (as  is  evident  from  certain  romarks  of 
Mr.  Torrena)  a  eomplete  aeries  of  the  minutes  of  the  Governors  of 
Chineura*  I^Ir.  Torrens  says—"  The  latter  must  undoubtedly,  I 
think,  have  been  of  very  considerable  historical  importance  ;"  and 
I  ventxire  to  behevo  that  the  Society  will  agree  with  me  that  eomo 
of  the  series  described  in  the  accompanying'  list  may  probably  be 
found  to  be  of  very  high  scientific  value.  The  Government  of  His 
Majesty  the  King  of  the  Netherlands  is  well  known  for  its*  liberal 
encouragement  of  science  ;  and  it  is  very  probable  that,  if  the  So- 
ciety should  tliiuk  the  matter  of  sufficient  importance  to  warrant 
its  being  mooted,  copies  of  the  more  important  documents  trans* 
f erred  fmm  Chinsura,  might  be  obtained  without  much  difficulty 
from  the  Itecord  Department  at  the  Hague. 

It  may  be  worth  while  liere  to  add  a  brief  account  of  the  circum- 
stances of  this  transfer — ^an  account  which  I  have  gleaned  from  the 
Records  of  the  Judge's  Court  at  nooghly*  It  may  be  remembered 
that,  at  the  time  when  Chinsura  and  other  Dutch  possessions  on  ths 
Continent  of  India  were  exchanged  for  the  Britisli  settlements  ia 
Sumatra,  in  1824,  a  Dutch  Officer  (named  the  Fiscal)  at  Chinsura 
was,  imder  the  terms  of  the  Treaty,  taken  into  British  employ,  ap- 
parently to  protect  tiie  jnterei^ts  of  former  Dutch  subjects.  Many 
of  the  old  Dutch  Records  wore  retained  in  his  custody;  possibly 
all  were  so  retained,  but  on  this  point  I  have  not  been  able  to  ob- 
tain certain  infi>rmation.  On  the  death  of  this  officer  in  1852,  the 
Government  of  Netherlands*  India  expressed  a  wish  "  to  be  fnr- 
niahed  by  an  early  opj^nrhinity  vrifh  the  Dutch  Records  appertain- 
ing to  the  late  office  of  tlio  Fiscal  of  Chinsura."  After  some  cor- 
respondence, the  Governor- General  ordered,  on  the  31st  Dec. 
1853,  that  all  records  possessing  any  general  historical  interest 
sliould  be  sent  to  Calcutta  to  be  handed  over  to  the  Dutch  authori- 
ties ;  all  records  having  only  local  importance,  and  generally  all 
those  in  Bengali,  being  retained  in  the  Judge's  office. 

With  regard  to  the  contents  of  the  more  imi^ortant  records 
©numerated  in  the  appended  Ust : — 

No.  57  is  a  book  containing  a  Note  of  Warren  Hastings  on  the 
capture  of  the  Fort,  and  Tov^n  of  Cliinsiira  in  178L  This  may 
very  possibly  prove   to  be  merely  a  copy  of,  or  an  extract    from,  a 


1871.] 


Procsedingi  &/  the  Aiiatte  Socitt*^* 


87 


Eeeord  of  the  Calcutta  Foroign  Office,  which  waa  established  in 
17H3. 

No.  42,  contmns  21  vol  times  of  Journals  and  Minutes  of  tho 
administration  &om  1773  to  1805  ;  tliis  would  in  all  pro b ability 
furnish  materials  for  a  fairly  complete  history  of  Netherlands'  India 
for  that  period. 

No.  12  is  a  packet  containing  copies  of  5  firmans  permitting  the 
Dutch  to  trade  in  the  provinces  of  Oudh,  Allahabad,  and  Agra, 
The  dates  are  not  given. 

No.  8  is  a  packet  containing  documents  respecting  transfer  of 
some  premises  at  Dacca  from  the  Frunch  autliorities  to  tho  Dutch 
I  in  1674-  This  is,  I  fancy,  the  eai'liost  mention  that  wo  have  of 
the  French  being  settled  in  Bctfgal.  The  India  House  Hecovda 
(calendared  hy  Mr.  Bruce)  mention  the  arrival  of  a  French  fleet 
under  Admiral  de  la  Hayo,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal  in  1673;  and 
Stewart  says  that  the  French  settled  here  about  1G76* 

No.  6  contains  two  Perwanas  under  the  eetd  of  Yizior  Sadoolah 
Khan  respecting  a  house  at  Patna. 

No.  4  contains  documonta  respeoUng  the  acquisition  of  land  at 
Boranagore  by  the  Dutch  in  1 680. 

No.  3  contains  copies  of  grants  respecting  lands  at  Pipley  and 
Balasore,  in  1676. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  perhaps  be  pardoned,  if  I  venture  to  call  the 
attention  of  the  Society  to  a  fact  which  must  have  frequently  at- 
tracted the  notice  of  many  of  its  members  : — ^I  moan,  the  immense 
historical  value  of  many  of  our  Mofiissil  Rec^orda  (especially  those 
preserved  at  places  of  historical  noto  like  Hooghly,  Burdwan  and 
Dacca,)  which  ore  yearly  crumblLng  away  and  becoming  lost  to 
science  for  ever,  tlut»ugh  lack  of  the  most  ordinary  precautions  for 
securing  their  preservation.  I  believe  that  in  no  other  coimtry  in 
tho  world,  possessing  a  civilised  Govomment,  lA  so  little  care  be- 
stowed  on  the  preservation  of  the  materials  lor  its  history ;  and  in 
no  country  is  there  a  greater  need  for  such  precautions  as  can  bo 
devised  by  the  skill  of  the  archivist.  With  regard  to  accessibility, 
our  Mofussil  Records  ore  practically,  for  all  purposes  requiring 
extensive  reseai^cli,  absolutely  closed  to  the  eludont ;  for  whilst  tliey 
are  scattered  in  scores  of  remote  and  insecure  hiding -places,  with- 


Sft 


rroc€tdmg9  of  th  Asiatic  Sueutjf, 


[Apb 


out  indexes  or  calendar's  vorlby  of  the  name,  and  in  tlie  cusi 
of  record- keep  era  of  no  acioniiiic  skill  and  comijaratively  little  iiu 
tolligence,  the  search  fop  a  single  fact  would  not  nnfrequen 
Involve  the  waste  of  years,  and  years  of  hard  labour*  Moreo'V 
he  annual  deatniction  of  valuable  documents  that  must  go  on  id 
climate,  like  that  of  Bengal,  must  be  enormous.  A  momorandu 
written  by  the  late  Mr.  Piddington,  is  noted  by  Mr,  Torrens,  (tl 
Secretary  of  the  Asiatic  Society),  aa  a  paper  of  very  great  valii 
and  is  printed  in  the  Journal  of  the  Society  for  July  184Q.  It  inq 
eat^s  some  of  the  pocidiai'  dangers  to  which  documents  are  expose 
in  India,  owing  to  the  deleterioua  nature  of  some  of  the  ingrodioD 
of  the  ink  generally  used,  and  to  other  causes.  The  dangers  ] 
suiting  from  the  darapnesa  of  the  climate  ;  fi*om  the  ravages 
Tf^  hite-ants,  rats,  bouk-wonns,  and  other  vermin  ;  fi'om  decay ;  fro 
mutilation,  inflicted  either  intentionally,  or  tlu'ough  ignorance  1 
carelessness  ;  from  fire  &c. — all  those  are  Buificiently  obvious.  It  will 
be  within  the  recollection  of  the  Society  that  a  valuable  collection 
of  Oriental  manuscripts,  the  property  of  Government,  was  recently 
damaged  by  rain ;  when  a  circular  was  issued  by  the  Home 
partment,  ordering  that  in  all  annual  repoi-ts  made  by  olHcors 
charge  of  public  libraries,  museums,  or  collections,  it  should 
specially  stated  whether  or  not  the  whole  of  the  property  is  safe 
and  in  good  condition.  The  present  methods  adopted  in  the  pre- 
servation of  all  Mofusfiil  Becords  are  of  such  a  nature  that  it 
impossible  that  any  documents  can  long  remain  in  good  conditia 
I  believe  that  it  was  found,  a  short  time  ago,  that  the  CoUectoral 
Eecords  at  Jessore  had  been  so  extensively  tampered  with  by 
terested  parties,  that  the  evidence  of  any  of  these  documents  wi 
hold  to  be  almost  worthless;  and  I  have  heard  many  disti-iet  offiea 
of  experience  state  their  behef  that  a  similar  state  of  things  exii 
in  many,  if  not  in  most  of  the  Mofussil  Becord-OfiiceB.  It  wH 
stated  last  week  in  tlie  Fioneer  that  the  Kecords  of  the  cutcher- 
ry  at  Ermakulam  are  at  present  inaccessible,  owing  to  the 
number  of  the  venomous  serpents  that  have  taken  up  thuir  abode 
amongst  them. 

The  Records  are  generally  placed  in   common    wooden    almird 
fastened  by  ordinai-y  padlocks,  and  x>iaced  in  rooms  of  more  or  le 


I 


JS7I.]  Pt*ocerd$nff4  af  the  AiiaUe  Sbtieiy* 

|[©neral  resort.  Tlie  inaecurity  of  bucIi  custody  may  perhaps  best 
be  illustrated  by  a  very  brief  description  of  the  metbod  of  custody 
whioh  is  fouad  necessary  evea  in  England,  where  the  climate  is 
much  less  injurious^  and  the  fear  of  mutilation  smaller.  As  soon 
as  any  sets  of  Becords  have  been  taken  into  the  custody  of  the  Mas- 
ter of  the  Rolls  (who  is  ex-officio  bead  of  the  Englibh  Record  De- 
partment), they  are  cleaned,  sorted,  bound  or  mended  as  far  as  may 
be  necessary  and  practicable,  and  placed  in  boxes  for  subsequent 
aiTungoment*  Then  a  catalogue  or  general  descriptive  list  is 
drawn  up  j  and  afterwards  the  more  iiuportant  documents  are  in- 
dexed, and  the  most  important  are  ultimately  calendared.  When 
tlie  work  of  arrangement  is  complete,  they  are  placed  in  iron 
presses  in  the  room  assigned  to  their  class*  Every  room  in  tba 
building  is  separately  tire-proof^  being  caaed  with  iron  and  furuish- 
ed  with  an  iron-door  which  is  thief-proof.  Water  can  be  turned 
on  at  a  moment's  notice  in  any  room  for  tlie  extinction  of  Ere, 
Hot-air  pipes  are  placed  around  every  room,  so  that  an  equal  tem- 
perature is  preserved  throughout  the  year ;  and  by  this  means 
damp  is  excluded  and  i\>t  arrested.  Every  part  of  the  building 
being  thus  protected  by  every  means  that  sdeace  can  devise^  the 
whole  is  constantly  watcbed  night  and  day,  both  by  the  Depart- 
ment (on  Olficer  and  an  olHce-keeper  being  resident  in  an  adjacent 
house)  and  by  the  Police  ;  a  police  patrol  is  on  duty  throughout 
the  night  in  the  building.  The  perfect  accessibility  of  uJJ  recorda  is 
iilao  well  pi-ovidud  fur. 

Appendix^ 
Litt  of  Dutch  Jifcordi  likeJif  to  be  of  any  ht^toncat  value. 

No.  I  *  1  packet  of  papers  or  docomeuts  of  Dutch  Government, 
during  the  administration  of  C.  Van  Citter,  Governor  of  Chiusura, 
dated  the  29tU  April,  l79o. 

2.  1  pa^'ket  of  papers,  dnt^d  the  Sth  July,  1771,  in  Dutch  and 
Persian  lespecting  the  right  of  the  Dutch  Authorities  at  Poply  in 
eome  parcels  of  ground  at  Balasore. 

3*  1  packet  of  original  documents  in  Persian,  and  copies  of 
grants  relating  to  tlio  Peply  Factory  at  Balasore,  date<l  in  1084^ 
Uidgree. 


Pf09Hding$  of  the  Asiatie  S&eUty. 


[April, 


4.  I  packet  contaiiung  dooumenta  in  Persian  inspecting  transfer 
of  some  land  in  Buranagoro,  by  one  Bamopur  Mozoomdar  to  Uie 
Dutcli  authoritieB  in  1088,  Kidgree. 

6.  1  paclcet  containing  documents  in  Persian  respecting  the  pur- 
uhaseof  aparcelof  ground^  Cnssimbazar,  dated  19th  January,  1750. 

6.  1  packet  containing  documents  in  Persian  respecting  the 
purchase  of  two  houses  at  Paftia,  and  copies  of  two  Purwanahs 
with  seal  of  Yizeer  Sadoollah  Khan,  awarding  possession  of  the 
houses  to  a  Dutch  General,  (no  name  mentioned). 

7.  1  packet  containing  document  in  Persian »  respecting  the 
proprietory  title  of  a  house  at  Dacca,  which  formerly  helonged  to 
one  Mehdee  Alii  Khan  (date  and  year  not  mentiotjed), 

•  8.  1  packet  containing  documents,  dated  the  25th  September, 
1674,  in  Dutch  and  Persian,  relative  to  the  making  over  garden 
land  with  premiBes  at  Dacca,  by  the  French  Authorities, 

9.  1  packet  containing  documents  in  Persian,  and  Bengalee, 
respecting  purchase  of  some  land  in  Beeetoopore,  adliah  Moorshe- 
dahad,  dated  the  23rd  December,  1772. 

10,  1  packet  containing  documents  hi  Dutch,  Bengalee  and  Pe^ 
eian,  respecting  transfer  of  a   water-course   at  Kalkapero   to  the 
Dutch  Government, 

11.  1  packet  eontaining  a  deed  of  sale  and  a  pottah  in  Persian 
and  Bengalee,  of  a  certain  quantity  of  land  at  Cassimbazar,  granted 
to  Mr,  T.  M.  Eoss  on  the  2 1st  instant,  1181,  B.  S. 

12,  1  packet  containing  copies  of  5  Firmans  permitting  the 
Dutch  to  trade  in  the  provinces  of  Oude,  Allahabad,  and  Agra, 
dated  Ist  February. 

13,  1  packet  eontaining  documents  respecting  a  house  at  Bala* 
eore. 

14.  4  Prothocoles  in  Dutch,  raai-ked  A,  B,  D  and  E  respective  to 
Patna  and  Ca8simbai!:ar  from  1763  to  1785. 

16,  1  Prothocole  in  Dutch,  during  the  incumbency  of  W.  F» 
Van  Citters  from  1817  to  1818. 

16.  2  ditto  in  Dutch  of  the  Eesident  for  1823  and  1 824, 

17.  1  Diary  in  Dutch  from  1818  to  1828. 

18.  1  Order  book  in  Dutch  from  1820  to  1822. 

19.  1  Aocount-curreat  book  in  Dutch,  1793-4. 


1871.] 


rrom§im$9  ^ih^  MtmiU  l^^itif* 


91 


20.     1  Journal  book  in  Dutch,  1793-4. 

SI.  1  packet  containing  in  Dutch  rules  for  proflaouting  aetioas 
in  Europe  Courts, 

22.  1  Book  of  certificates  in  Knglish  regarding  eale  of  Japan 
Copper,  &c.,  commencing  firom  28th  AugUiSt  1818  to  ith  Pnh.  1820. 

23.  I  Begister  of  certiiicates  in  Dutch  and  English  rmpecting 
purchase  of  a  ship  and  other  pfoper^  by  a  Dutoh  gentlanuui 
named  L.  Chngtianson  on  the  7th  January,  IB22. 

24.  1  Bataria,  acoount-ourrent  book  in  Dutch  for  1794-5. 

25.  1  Ditto  ditto  ditto  ditta 

26.  1  Ditto  ditto  ditto  ditto.  , 

27.  1  Ditto  ditto  ditto  ditto* 
28*     1  Amsterdam     ditto                ditto  ditto. 

29.  1  Ditto  ditto  ditto  ditto. 

30.  1  Begister  of  Pensioners  in  Dutch* 

31.  1  Eegulations  respecting  Batavia  in  Dutch  for  1819. 

32.  Begister  of  Minutes  respecting  Batuviahi  DuUh  from  1820 
to  1825. 

33.  1  Book  containing  orders  for  the  PolitJO  in  Dutch  for  1817. 

34.  1  Widow  Fund  Begidation  Book  in  Dutch  for  1817. 

35.  1  Military  Widow  Fund  Book  in  Dutch  for  1817. 
86.     1  Ditto         ditto         ditto  for  1822. 

37.  1  Civil  Widow  Fimd  Book  in  Dutt^h  for  1820. 

38.  1  Ditto         ditto         ditto  for  1822. 

39.  1  Book  containing  receipts  in  English  of  Despatcbea  ad- 
dreosed  to  the  OoTernor-General  of  Balavi. 

40.  1  luistruetioQ  Bo4>k  in  Dutch  (date  and  year  not  mentioned). 

41.  21  Principal  Ledgers  in  Dut«h  from  1773  to  1806, 

42.  21  Journals  and  Minutes  in  Dutt^h  from  1773  to  180*5. 

43.  8  Orphan  Account  Books  in  Dutch  from  \HIH  U^  1H2.^. 

44.  12  Books  containing  letters  received  and  copii»»  of  lottera 
sent  in  Dutch  from  1775  to  1821, 

45.  7  Books  containing  ord««rM  itm^tH^iing  Batavia  in  Dutcb« 
1718-19  til  1825, 

46.  4  Sequestratio  or  Accotmt  B<*«ilcs  in  Dutc^h  from  1789  to 
1814. 

47.  8  Gastorsor  expense  books  in  Duic^h  from  1799  to  1814. 


92 


Ptorffdm^n  of  the  Asm  tic  St^ciet^, 


[Apri 


48.  3  Eegulation  Books  in  Dutoli  from  1750  to  1 766. 

49.  2  Books  eontaining  statute  for  Bataria  in  Dutch  from  1664 
to  1669. 

50.  1  Cliinsura  Police  Regulation  Book  in  Dut^b  for  1761, 

61.  1  Memorial  of  the  Residenta.of  Cliiasurai  in  Dutch,  from 
1819  to  1822. 

52.     I  Book  eotttaining  Proceedings  in  Engliah  and  Dutch  of  1 
Dutch  Court  at  Chinsura  from  1815  to  1817. 

63.     1  Memoir  Book  in  Dutrh. 

54.     3  Books  containing  copies  of  lettora  in  Dutch   on  Tariotl 
subjects. 

65-  2  General  KuBter  Eolls  in  Dutch  shewing  the  names  of 
officers  appointed  by  the  Dutch  G-overnment  of  Ohinsnm. 

56.     Correspondence  on  Tariou!?  subjects  in  Duttjh    and   Englia 
between  the  Dutch  authoritiea  and  English  Commissioners, 

67.  One  Book  containing  extract  from  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Hon'ble  Warrgn  Hastings,  Governor-General,  relative  to  the  caps 
tare  of  the  Fort  and  To\m  of  Chinsura,  1781, 

68.  1  Book  containing  letters  and  receipts  in  Dutch   from  17S 
to  1798. 

69.  2  Books  containing  letters  of  Colonel  Tan  Cittera  in  Dutolj 
60.     2  Books  containing   copies  of  correspondence   between  th 

Dutch  Governors  of  Chinsura  and  Batavia  from  1792  to  1795, 
GL     2  Registers  of  letters   in  Dutch   and  Engli&h   of  the 
Kesident  on  various  subjects,  1817. 

62.  6  Various  accoiint  Books  in  Dutch. 

63.  20  Registers  of  letters  in  Dut^h  on  various  subjects* 

64.  1  Batavia  account-current  book  in  Dutch, 

65.  3  Account  Books  in  Dutch  from  1817  to  1821. 

66.  I  Begister  of  letters  and  accounts  in  Dutch  and  EngUsh 
relative  to  the  old  Church  at  Chmsura. 


3.    Oar  jl  QUA^rnTATivB    ME'rHOB  op  testing  a    "  Tblbgb 
Eabth,'*  by  W,  E.  Ayrton,  Esq.     (Abstract.) 

The  method  used  up  to  the  present  time  for  testing  a   telegraph 
earth  has  been  qualiMive  uuljr.     As,  however,  the   elGctrical  contl 
tion  of  eruiy   **  earth"   is  of  great    practical  importance,  it 


lISTI,] 


Proe$$Mng$  of  the  Aaiatie  Smd^, 


n 


ssary  that  some  accurate  quanUfaitv0  method  should  ho  devified, 
arder  that  every  telegraph  office  may  ascertain  whether  the 
resistance  of  their  earth  ia  higher  or  lower  tlian  tlie  maximum 
resistance  allowed*  The  principal  difficulty  met  with  is  that,  if 
the  resistance  between  two  oartka  be  measured  successively  with 
1  positive  and  negative  currents^  th§  same  result  is  not  obtained- 
Oonsequently  the  ordinary  law  for  a  Wheat^tone's  Bridge,  or 
Differential  Galvanometer,  wouhl  not  hold  true.  This  difficulty, 
however,  has  been  overcome  in  this  paper,  and  formulaa  are  devel- 
loped  suitable  for  a  Wlioatstone^s  Bridge,  a  Differential  Galvanome- 
ter, or  simply  for  a  Galvanometer  of  which  the  law  of  tho  deflec- 
tions is  known. 

The  details  of  some  experiments  are  also  given,  and  a  particular 
instance  is  mentioned  in  which  a  much  better  **  earth**  was  obtain- 
ed by  burying  the  plate  in  tho  upper  stratum  of  soil  than  by  bury- 
ing it  much  deeper,  on  account  of  a  bed  of  sandstone  that  existed 
at  about  fifteen  feet  below  the  surface.  *       ^ 

Mr.  Ayrton's  paper  will  be  printed  in  full  in  the  natural  history 
part  of  the  Journal. 

The  following  paper  was  received  : 

Notes  on  the  Country  of  Braj,  by  F,  8»  Growse,  Esq,,  M,  A., 
B.  C.  8. 

Tills  paper  will  be  published  in  the  first  number  of  the  philolo- 
gical part  of  the  Journal  which  will  appear  shortly. 


LtBBABY. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  library  since  the 
meeting  held  in  March  lost. 

Prismtati^Hi. 
*«*  Names  of  Donors  in  Capitols. 
Monatsbericht  der  Koniglioh  Proussischen  Akademie   der  Wis- 
ienschaften  m  Berlin,  December  1870: — Akadbhiis  dee  Wissin* 

SCHArrEN    ZTJ  BEH1.TN. 

Selections  fi'om  the  Records  of  the  Government  of  India,  Home 
Department,  No.  LXXYTT ;  Papers  relating  to  the  Nioobor  Islands  : 
— Govt,  of  India,  Home  Dept, 


04 


Pf'0e$$din09  of  ilie  AmUc  Society, 


[AfRIL, 


Bahasya  Sandarbha,     VoL   6,  No.  04  : — Babtj  EAJEwBRAnAUi 

MiTBA. 

Kam^jana,  Vol.  11,   No.   6«    edited  by   Kemackandra  Bhatti* 
cMrya  : — The  Ebitor. 

Eecords  of  the  Geological  Survej^of  India,  Vol.  IY|    part  I :— -J 
Thb  Geolooioal  Buevey  of  Ixdia. 

Beport  on  tbe  Kevenue  Survey  operations  of  tlie  Lower  Provin^ 
for  18G9-70  : — General  Beport  of  the  Bevenue   Siirvey   opera* 
tione   of  the  Bengal  Presidency  upp-er  circle,  1869-70: — Tins  Sira- 

"TEYOE   GeNEKAL   OF   IxDIA. 

General  Beport  on  the  operations  of  the   Great  Trigonometrical 
Survey  of  India,  1869-70: — S cti'erintendent  of  tide  G.  T.  Sua-j 

VEY   OF   IXDIA. 

Beport  on  the  Bevenue  Survey  operations  in  British  Burma,  ' 
1869-70  :^Solectionfl  from  the  Kecorda  of  the  Government  of  India, 
Home  Department,  No,  LXXII : — Selections  from  the  Records  of 
the  Bengal  (Jover^mont,  P.  W.  D,  No.  I : — Beport  on  the  Admini- 
stration of  the  Salt  Department  1869-70: — Paltoontologia  ladiea, 
VoL  III,  No9*  1-8  : — The  GorERN'METrr  of  Bengal. 

Flora  Sylvatim,  by  Major  R.  H.  Beddome,  part  TI : — Sanitary ' 
and  Medical  report  on  the  settlement  of  Port  Blair,   Anda 
for  1869 : — The  Goveeniient  p/  Inbm. 


Grimm'a  Deutsches  Worterhuch,   Band   XY.   Liefenmg  10  :^I 
The  Calcutta  Beriew,  April  1871  : — HtJwitfson'B  Exotic  Butterflies, 
part  77  ; — The  Annala  and  Magnzme  of  Natural   History,    No.  38  ; 
— The  American  Journal  of  Science,   January  1871: — The   L.  E« 
and  D.  Philosophitid   Magazine,    No.  271  ; — The   Ibis,  January  J 
1871  :— Conchologia  Indiia,  part  2* 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   TUB 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 


The  monthly  meeiang  of  the  Society  waa  held  on  Wedueaduy, 
the  3rd  instant  at  9  p.  m. 

The  Hon.  Mr.  Justice  Phear^  President,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmod. 
The  receipt  of  tho  following  presentations  was  aniiounLtHl  : — 

1.  From  T.  R.  Lewis,  Esq.,  M.  B. — a  copy  of  a  Beport  on  the 
Microscopic  Objects  found  in  Cholera  Evacufttiona^  &c. 

2.  From  E.  Blytb,  Esq*, — several  copies  of  a  Note  on  the  contro- 
versy between  Mr.  W.  Theobald  and  Br.  Gray. 

Mr.  Bljth  records  his  belief  that  the  sknE  of  Te^tudo  Phayr^i^ 
which  was  transferred  from  Dr  j?al(  ner's  collection  to  the  Britisli 
Museum,  belongs  to  a  specimen  of  the  same  tortoise  in  the  Society  ^^ 
collection ;  it  waa  originally  sent  to  the  Calcutta  Museum  by  Sir 
A,  J.  Phayre  from  Arracan,  The  fatit  was  first  noticed  by  Mr,  W* 
Theobald,  but  it«  correctness  was  disputed  by  Dr.  J,  E»  Gray  in  one 
of  the  late  numbers  of  the  Athenasum. 

3.  From  S.  E.  Peal,  Esq., — a  few  notoa  on  tlie  cultivation  aud 
manufacture  of  Tea. 

4.  From  Akskayaeumdra  Datta, — a  copy  of  The  Beligious 
Sects  of  the  liindus. 

6,  From  His  Highnoss  Thakura  Gii-iprasiida  Sinha,  Raj^  of 
Besma,  Allyghur,  —  a  copy  of  Vedurthaprudipa,  Commentary  of 
Wl»ite  Yajur  Vodai  Fasc.  I|  in  Braj  BhSaUa. 

6.  From  W.  H.  Dall,  Esq.,  through  Rev.  11 ,  Dall,— A  PreU* 
minary  Sketcli  uf  a  natural  arrangemont  of  the  Ordei-   i>watf/a<r*tf, 


ite 


96 


Pme$$dinff9  of  the  Asiatte  Socid^. 


[Mat, 


(Extract  fivMn  the  Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natoral 
History)  f  and  Note  on  tranflrverBely  striated  muscular  fibre  among 
the  OmtrojHida^  (from  the  American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts, 
VoLI,  February  1871). 

7.  From  Rev.  H.  Ghmdert, — a  copy  of  prospectus  of  a  Malaya- 
lam  and  English  Dictionary. 

8.  From  Babu  Bajendralala  Mitra — a  dried  spocimen  of  a  now'^ 
species  of  Sctncus.     (For  a  description  of  the  sjiocies  see  p.  115). 

This   specimen  was   obtained   by  Babu  K.  Mitra  from   a  Kash- 
mir merchant,  who  stated  that  he  brought  the  same  from  Arabia, 
The  lizard   is    largely  used  medicinally  in  various  diseases,  and  iaJ 
particularly  highly  valued  as  an  aphrodisiac  by  the  Muhammadans. 
It  is  commonly  known  under  the  names  of  regmdkij  or  the  sand&shy  j 
reg%udah^  or  tlie  deecondant  of  sandj  and  mqunqur^  which  word   iai 
said  to  be  of  Greek  origin.     Scinca,  and  also  the  conmion  greea 
European  lizards,  had  been    formerly  largely  used  by  mcdiievolJ 
European   physicians,    who   attributed   to   them   most   wonderful  1 
metUcinal  virtues  in  all  kind  of  diKcases. 

In   India   the  seine  is  taken  in  the  form  of  a  j>aato  mixed  with 
fiaffi-on,  cardamum  and  other  spices,  or  in  the  form  of  a  powder, 
with  beetle  leaf,  but  it  is  never  prescribed  by  Hindu  physiidana. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  ordinary  mombera  l — 
A.  P.  Howell,  Esq. 
Babu  Kaliprasanna  Ghosha. 
Capt.  B.  Hogers,  B.  S.  U 
C.  R  Bligh,  Esq, 
Ch.  Sanderson,  Esq 
The  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  n&xt 
meeting  : — 

Capt.  0.  Stewart  Pratt,  Adjt.  34,  N.  I.,  Morar^  proposed  by  Mr.j 
Wood-Mason,  seconded  by  CoL  H.  Hyde. 

Mouiavi  Habsburrabju&n,  proposed  by  Mr.  Blochmann,  second- 
ed  by  Bfibu  E^jendralala  Mitra. 

J.  W.  jUexander,  Esq.,  proposed  by  Dr.  T,  Oldham,  seconded  by 
Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

Bibu  Gangaprasad  Sinha,   proposed  hj  Mr.   U.   Blociimannr 
seconded  by  Maulavi  Kabiiudd in. 


187 1 .]  Pr<K$edin^9  of  (he  Asiatic  Smd^*  97 

Bibu  Ramakrifikna  IHsa,  proposed  bjr  Mr.  H*  Bloohmann^ 
seconded  by  Moulavi  Kabiruddin. 

The  Presideiit  reported  that  the  Council  had  elected  Dr.  P, 
StoHczka  as  a  Trustee  of  the  ladian  Museum,  ou  behalf  of  the  So- 
ciety, in  place  of  Dr.  S,  B.  Partridge  who  has  resigued  his  trustee- 
ship on  leaving  India. 

The  President  also  commumcated  a  proposition  of  the  Council 
that  Ch.  Darwin,  Ksq,,  be  elected  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Society, 

The  President  said  that  according  to  the  provisions  of  Kule  6  of 
the  Bye*laws  of  the  Society,  the  Council  should,  in  the  case  of  a  pro- 
position for  the  election  of  an  honorary  member,  state  the  grounds 
on  which  the  recommendation  is  baaed. 

In  the  present  case,  the  President  thought  it  would  scarcely  be 
aeceasary  to  say  anything  more  in  support  of  the  proposition  of 
the  Council^  than  to  recall  the  very  great  influence  which  the  works 
of  the  author  of  the  *  Origin  of  species/  '  Animals  and  plants  under 
domestication'  and  the  '  Descent  of  Man'  had  updn  the  study  of 
natural  history  in  every  one  of  its  branches.  Few  can  claim  such 
a  thoroughly  philosophical  treatment  of  natural  history,  as  Oh, 
Darwin,  who  is  justly  styled  the  naturalist  of  the  day. 

The  ballot  will  take  place  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Society, 

The  following  letters  were  read  i- — 
1.  From  Major  Stubbs — on  a  Muhammadan  coin* 
Mr.  Blochmann  said  : — The  ooin  of  which  Major  Stubbs  has  sent 
a  rubbing,  is  a  most  curious  one.  It  was  struck  in  A.  H.  1 202, 
(A.  D.,  1788)  by  Muhammad  Bedar  Bakht,  whom  the  notorious 
Ghulam  Qidir,  on  the  22nd  ShawwAl,  1202  (2Sth  July,  1788) 
placed  upon  the  throne  of  DiMi.  The  reign  of  this  puppet 
king,  who  was  a  son  of  Ahmad  Bhah,  was  of  short  duration. 
When  he  was  first  brought  forward,  Shah  *Alam  (IL)  wae  still 
upon  the  throne.  Ghulim  Qddir,  sword  in  hand,  made  him 
descend,  and  sent  him  to  his  apartments,  and  three  days  later  made 
the  new  emperor  iniict  corporal  punishment  upon  his  venerable 
predecessor.  He  used  to  lounge  on  the  throne,  aide  by  side 
with  Bedir  Bakht,  whom  he  covered  with  abuse  and  ridicule. 


100 


Proc^edm^i  of  th§  Aiiatic  Sodeiy, 


[M^t, 


gai^  ftom,  Qidir  *Ali^  AfziSngaxij  from  Aiztm,  and  Iqbilgafij 
from  Iqbdl  'All. 

3.  There  are  at  present  no  Hdjahs  of  Kharakpiir  in  the  dls* 
trict,  all  their  estates  including  the  j&gura  granted  by  the  em« 
peror  ha^ng  been  sold  a  few  years  ago  by  Mr.  Latour  by  public 
auction,  which  led  to  long  and  harassing  Litigation.  There  are 
Bome  illegitiniate  cliildren  of  the  last  Rijah  still  surviving.  I  may 
as  well  mention  here  the  remaiaing  Rajahs  of  Kharakpiir  subse* 
quent  to  the  table  given  above^  Faiz  *Aii  succeeded  MuraGT&r 
*Ali^  and  was  suooeeded  by  CUdir  'All,  who  was  succeeded  in  his 
turn  by  Jo^^  'Ab'p  who  again  was  succeeded  by  Bahmat  'AU, 
with  whom  the  lino  became  extinct,*' 

The  following  papers  were  read  : — 

I,— Styi^  of  dress  m  ANOiEjrT  India,  by  B^bu  B^jendralila 
Mitra, — (Abstract.) 

Buchanan  Hamilton,  in  his  **  Eastern  India,*'  first  started  the 
opinion  that  the  ancient  Hlitdua  knew  not  the  art  of  preparing 
needle -made  dresses  ;  and  it  has  since  been  adopted  by  Dr.  Forbes 
Watson,  Mrs.  Manning,  Dr.  John  Muir  and  others.  The  pre- 
misesi  however,  on  which  this  opinion  is  foimdod,  appear  to  be 
imtenablo.  Mention  is  made  of  the  needle  and  sewing  in  the  Big 
Yeda,  which  dates  ^m  twelve  centuries  before  the  Christian  era 
according  to  the  lowest  computation,  and  the  existence  of  those 
words  in  the  language  cannot  be  accounted  for,  except  on  the  sup- 
position that  the  people  who  used  them  knew  and  had  what  thej 
meant.  It  is  also  argued  that  it  is  very  unlikely,  that  the  heroes  of 
the  Yedic  agOi  who  were  able  to  forge,  and  wore  in  the  habit  of 
using,  armour  and  mail  coats,  never  oame  to  the  idea  of  fashioning 
their  clothes  into  made  dresses.  Beferenees  are  likewise  made  to 
the  Bdm&yaoai  the  Mah&bhirata  and  other  ancient  Sanskrit  works  to 
show  that  they  allude  to  dresses  which  could  not  have  been  otheff^ 
than  needle-made  and  shaped.  The  most  overwhelming  proofs  on 
the  subject  are,  however,  met  with  in  sculptures.  Though  the  bulk 
of  the  human  figures  at  S&nchi,  Amaravati  and  Orissa  are  nudes  or 
eemi-nudes,  stiU  there  ore  some  which  bear  unmistakeable  evidonoe 
of  the  antiquity  of  Indian  made  dreeaeB.  Among  the  Sanchi  bas- 
relieb  there  are  several  figures  dressed  in  tunlce  whichjoould  never. 


1871.] 


^roceedingi  of  ih$  Aatatic  Society, 


101 


have  been  fashioned  without  the  aid  of  needles  ;  those  of  the  two 
archers,  one  of  them  the  Buddhist  King,  Piliyuk  of  Benares,  figured 
in  Mr.  Ferffusson's  *  Tree  and  Serpent  Worship,'  (plate  xxxvi) 
are  particularly  remarkable,  inasmuch  as  the  chapkans  there  shown 
are  peculiarly  Hindu,  and  the  like  of  th&m  has  nowhere  else 
been  «een.  On  a  Buddhist  rail*i>08t  from  Buddha  Gay4  which 
probably  dates  from  a  time  earlier  than  the  8ilnehi  rail^  and 
which  is  now  preserved  in  the  Indian  Museumi  there  are  two 
figures  fully  dressed  firom  the  neck  to  the  middle  of  the  leg 
in  a  garment  which  appears  strongly  like  ihejnmd  of  the  present 
day.  At  Amaravati,  there  are  also  several  figures  dressed  in 
tames  which  owe  their  shape  to  the  tailor's  art,  (Vide  r©rguflson*s 
plates  Ixvi,  Ixxxiv).  The  Orissan  sculptures  offer  even  more 
positive  proofs.  In  the  Queen's  palace  (Rani  Nour),  among  the 
rock-rut  caves  of  Khandagiri  there  is  a  statue  4' — 6"  in  height,  cut 
out  of  the  solid  rock,  which  is  dressed  in  a  close  fitting  chapkan, 
with  the  skirts  hanging  down  four  inches  below  the  knee,  and 
having  sleeves  down  to  the  wrist.  Over  the  chapkan  there  is  a 
haubert  or  coat  of  chain  mail,  the  sleeves  of  which  reach  the  elbow. 
A  light  scarf  is  wrapped  round  the  waist,  and  its  ends  hang  on  the 
aides,  holding  on  the  left  side  a  short  sword.  The  head  is  partially 
mutilated,  but  there  are  traces  on  it  of  a  twisted  turban.  The  legs 
and  the  feet  are  enclosed  in  thick  high  boots  or  buskius.  The  age 
of  the  figure  is  supposed  to  be  the  third  century  before  Ohnsty 
and  the  existence  of  chapkan,  chain  niail  and  boots  at  the  time^  it 
is  believed,  must  be  accepted  as  the  most  conclusive  evidence  on 
the  subject.  The  dress  differs  so  entirely  firom  the  chiton,  the 
chlamys,  the  himation,  and  such  other  vestments  as  the  soldiers 
of  Alexander  brought  to  India,  that  they  cannot  be  accepted  i0 
Indian  modifications  of  the  Grecian  dress,  even  i£  it  were  possible, 
which  it  is  not,  to  suppose  that  such  a  foreign  dress  would  at  once 
ke  imitated  in  stone  many  hundreds  of  miles  away  from  the  place 
where  it  was  exhibited  in  India.  The  dress  reappears  on  some  of 
the  Amarivati  bas-reliefs.  Among  the  sculptures  on  the  temples  of 
Bhuvanesvara  there  are  representations  of  coats,  kilts,  boddicea^ 
L^Ai^ra,  p^i/ajjtnii,  and  other  articles  of  needle-made  dress,  some  of 
;  ^em  on  gods  and  goddesses,  and  they  cannot  but  be  accepted  as 


102 


Ffi^eMdingB  of  the  A$iatic  Soc$fff^> 


[HatJ 


intligenons.    Among  the  Ajanta  fre8<^e«  there  ar©  alao  traces 
flowing  ilresses   with   sleovcs,   and    thoy  all  tend   to    show 
the  Ilindus  knew»  and  did  ufie,  made  dresses  long  before  the  advei 
of  tho  Muhammadans  in  India. 

In  roplj  to  the  remark  of  Capt.  Meadows  Taylor,  in  which  h< 
says  that  the  Hindus  had  no  tailora  among  theni,  and  tliat  there 
no  word  in  their  language  for  tailors,  it  is  shown  that  lu  thd. 
Vocabulary  of  Amara  Sinha,  which  dates  firom  before  the  Christi^ 
era,  there  are  two  words  for  tailors,  one,  iunnmhiya^  applying 
doming,  and  the  other,  iauchtla^  to  general  tailoring  :  the  derivation' 
of  the  last  word  is  given  in  Paniiii^ts  rules.  The  profession  of  tho 
latter  was  of  sufhcient  importance  to  necessitate  the  esiabli&hmeui 
of  a  separate  tribe,  and  a  mixed  cla^s,  the  lawful  issue  of  VaisyaA 
by  Siidra  woniea,  was,  according  to  the  ancient  law-book  of  Usanas, 
destined  to  live  by  it,  and  bear  the  distinctive  title  of  ueedle-mony 

Sanskrit  words  are  next  quoted  to  show  the  names  which  vi 
ous  kinds  of  made  dresses  bore  in  ancient  times  ;  the  most  remark' 
able  of  these  being  kanchuka,  k&nchuhhj  hirpaM^  anpika,  cholaka^ 
ehola,  nm,  Sj'c.  The  first  indicated  the  modern /dm «,  and  warders, 
guards,  and  the  personal  attendants  of  kings  generally  dreeeed 
themselves  in  it.  Kings,  princes,  chiefs  and  warriors^  when  they 
did  not  put  on  chain  mail,  wore  a  tunic,  something  closely  like  a 
chapkan.  While  ordinary  people  contented  themselves  mth  the 
simple  dJiUti  and  chadar,  not  unoften  supplemented  by  a  turbau. 
Among  women,  tlie  boddice  was  in  general  use,  the  body  dothos 
consisting  of  either  a  Bari  or  a  ghiigr^  :  the  former  predominating. 
When  respectable  women  wont  out  of  their  houses,  they  generally 
wrapped  themselves  in  a  chudder  thrown  over  their  ordinary  dr< 

Sculptures,  however,  do  not,  in  all  cases,  support  the  above  dedi 
tions,  and  nudity  is  the  prevailing  character  of  the  bas-relioDa 
Banchj,  Amara vati,  and  Orissa.  The  q^uestion  is,  tbei-efore,  raised  as  to 
how  far  those  sculptures  may  be  taken  as  evidences  on  the  subject. 
On  the  one  hand,  it  is  difficult  to  reject  the  testimony  of  autheiiitL- 
graven  atones ;  on  the  other,  the  ancient  records  of  the  Hindus  and  the 
Buddhists,  efjunUy  authentic,  are  in  direct  conflict  with  thom.  Th< 
furmor   rrvv*. went   cxueons,  princesses  and  ladies  of  rank  in  poj 


ally 
luoS 


|l87Lj 


Jh'OCmlingi  o/tlu)  Amaltc  iiwi 


U»3 


^ 


^ 


dt&kahilk  ;  whUe  tlio  lattcir  insist  upon  decency,  nioUesty  ant]  ut  ivoring 
of  the  person  as  of  the  utmost  importance.  Looking,  however,  to  the 
foots  that  in  many  instances  clothing  is  represented  on  females,  but 
not  to  cover  their  modesty ;  men  and  oven  ohildron  are  clothed,  Init 
wives  and  mothers  are  left  without  any  covering ;  horses  are  covered 
with  housings,  but  female  beholders  af  the  highest  rank^  standing  in 
the  verandas  of  two-storied  houses  and  decked  with  a  profusion  of 
rich  jewels,  are  made  to  content  themselves  with  the  raiment  of  the 
atmosphero ;  it  is  concluded  that  the  prevailing  chai^acter  of  the  bas- 
relicis  and  statues  of  Sanchi  and  Amarivati  is  due,  not  so  much 
ethnic  or  social  causes  as,  to  the  exigencies  of  art.  No  doubt  tlie 
.lily  clad  Tamulian  aboriginal  races  formed  the  great  bulk  of 
Buddhist  congregations,  and  were  mora  ireely  and  pleutifidly  repro- 
Bentod  on  the  monuments  of  their  co-religionists  than  the  Aryans, 
but  their  presence  alone  does  not  sulfiee  to  account  for  all  the  pecu- 
liarities noticed.  It  is  supposed,  therefore,  tliat  a  conventional  rule 
of  art,  such  as  has  made  the  sculptors  of  Europe  x>refer  the  nude  to 
the  draped  figure;  or  a  prevailing  desire  to  display  the  female  contour 
in  all  its  attractiveness ;  or  the  unskilfulness  of  early  art ;  or  the 
dilEculty  of  chiseling  drapery  on  such  coarse  materials  as  were 
ordinarily  accessible  in  this  coimtry  ;  or  a  combination  of  some,  or 
aU,  those  causes  exei'cised  a  more  potent  iaduence  on  the  action  of 
the  Indian  artist  than  ethnic  or  social  peculiarities  in  developing 
the  human  form  in  stone.  There  was  likewise,  it  is  to  be  pre- 
muned,  a  longing  for  variety,  and  a  pruriency  of  imagination  and 
design,  which  made  the  males  ax)poar  in  dresses  of  diverse  kinds 
and  the  females  in  a  state  of  uiiturOt  At  Bhuvanes  Vara  a  roligiouji 
eentiraeut,  tlmt  of  veneration  for  the  creative  energy  or  phalUo 
worship,  wajs  evidently  also  brought  to  boar  upon  art,  and  to 
produce  an  effect  highly  oflcnsivo  to  good  taste.  Btit  whether  so  or 
not,  it  wuuld,  the  author  of  the  paper  is  of  opinion,  be  as  eHectiitJ 
lo  draw  our  conclusions  reganling  the  costumes  of  the  ancient  In* 
[dians  solely  and  exclusively  from  tho  stniiptures  they  have  loft 
.©libid  thorn,  as  it  would  bo  fur  tho  Now-Zealander  uf  Macaulay 
to  do  the  same  witli  reference  to  the  Eun>p^au3  of  the  19th  can* 
:tiiry  from  the  ooUoctiun  of  modem  statuary  in  the  Crystal  Palace 
[at  Kensingtun  or  the  Loiivro. 


iia^^ 


Proef^in^a  «/ 


[iLvY^ 


II,— A  nisTOBY  OF  THE  Oakk*hae«,  by  J,  G.  Dolmerick,  Es<j., 

IRawul  Pindee* 

(Abstract.) 

Mr.  Blochmann  read  extracts  from  the  paper,  wliieli  is  to  be 
lisbed  in  the  foHhcomiBg  number  of  Part  I,  of  the  Joumi 
18TL  He  said— The  historical  notes  collected  by  Mr,  Dolmi 
are  most  interesting,  and  coniprise  nearly  every  notice  of  the 
fotind  in  the  Muhanunadan  Historians  of  Inditi,  Mr.  Delmericli 
mentions  above  forty  chiefs  who  ruled  over  the  tribe  from  thu 
time  of  Mahmud  Ohazni  till  onr  age.  The  present  chief,  Karam 
Did  Khdn,  ret^oivos  from  the  Government  a  small  pension  as  a  sort 
of  compensation  for  the  losses  suffered  by  his  family  during  thf 
Sikh  Hole,  For  the  early  history  of  the  tribe,  the  author  has  use^ 
traditional  information  obtained  by  him  on  the  spot,  and  tJn^ro 
no  doubt  that  the  principal  facts  are  reliable.  The  Akbamdm 
places  the  hnal  settiemeDt  of  the  Gakk^bars  in  the  Bawul 
District  somewhat  later  than  local  traditions. 

Mr.  Blochmann  also  mentioned  that  among  the  historicii]  MSI 
of  the  Society,  there  was  a  short  history   of  Gakk'hars,  prosi 
some  time  ago  by  Major  Pcarse,  who,  on  various  occasions  had 
tributed  to  the  collections  of  the  Society.     There  was  a  note  on 
fly-letif  of  the  MS.  by  the  donor,  according  to   which  the  worl 
**  an  extract  from  a   larger   work  found  at  Eohtas."     Mr, 
merick,  to  whom  the  book  had  been  sent,  says  regarding  it — 

"  I  consider  it  an  original  pi-oduction  from  the  brain  of 
Chand,  the  grandfatlier  of  Bdizadoh  Ratan  Chand  of  Goliana,  zl 
Bdwul  Pin^i,  tlie  head  of  the  ancient  Qinungo  fomily.  I  hac 
already  seen  a  copy  of  it,  I  believe  the  few  historical  facta  (^ntaine< 
in  it  have  been  scraped  together  from  various  histories,  and  chieflj 
from  the  legends  or  tales  related  by  the  hhdU  of  the  country,  par- 
ticularly from  the  family  bh^t  of  the  Gakk'hars,  at  Kiiri,  allal 
Pawul  Pindi,  The  work  was  compiled  by  order  of  Major  Jamei 
Abbott,  Deputy'  Commissioner  of  llaziira,  and  as  Major  Pearse  wal 
an  A  esistant  Commissi6ner  there  for  some  time,  he  must  have  pro^ 
cured  a  ropy  of  it  from  the  Deputy  Commissioner.  It  is  perfeetlj 
worthlesa,** 


187L] 


Pr<^eMdm^M  o/th  A^iaiu  SGcifftf/* 


105 


Mr.  Lethbridge  observed  that,  witTi  regard  to  tho  occupation  of 
Tibet  by  tlie  Gakk'liars,  it  may  be  interesting  to  note  the  similarity 
between  certain  forms  of  the  names  of  the  chief  towns  of  the 
Gakk^hars  (which  are  properly  Dangjxli  and  Pharwala),  and  of  those 
of  Tibet,  which  arc  Lassa  and  Pntola.  De  Laet,  writing  in  1631, 
epeaks  of  •*  Kakares,  whose  chief  towns  are  Dankahr  and  Purholat  a 
Teiy  broad  and  mountainous  region,  divided  from  Tartary  by  the 
ridges  of  the  Caucasus."  Mandehloo  calls  the  district  **  Kakires, 
with  the  chief  towns  Dankalen  and  Binsohu*^  Bennell  tells  us, 
that  the  Tibetan  capitals  are  sometimes  called  Baronthala  and 
Putahj  and  sometimes  Tonhr  and  Putala. 


ITT- — On  some  new  species  of  Maultan  bats  from  the  collection 
OF  Dm  Stouczka, — hj  G»  E*  Dobson,  B.  A,,  M,  B»,  AmUtani 
Surgeon  U.  MJs  British  Forces, 

Mr.  Dobson  said — I  have  thepleaa^ire  of  bringing  to  the  notice  of 
the  members  of  the  Society  four  new  species  of  Malayan  bats 
from  the  collection  of  Dr.  Stoliczka  who,  knowing  what  an  interest 
I  take  in  this  order  of  Mammals,  Idndly  placed  at  my  disposal,  for 
examination  and  description,  the  spooimons  collected  by  him  at 
Penang,  Moiilmoin,  the  Nicobar  and  Andaman  Islands,  Of  these 
new  species  two  belong  to  the  frugivorous  and  two  to  the  insec- 
tivorous divisions  of  bats,  and  represent  four  genera  namely  Gynop' 
Urw,  MacroglosmSi  Phylhrhina^  fmii  AscUia.  For  these  spocies  I 
propose  the  following  names  : — 

L     Cympierus  hrachifsoma, 

2,     Macro(/louus  speUcia* 

S.     Phifllothiua  Nicoharetms* 

4»     Asellia  Stoliczkfma., 

As  full  descriptions  of  these  bats  will  be  publiaJied  with  illustra- 
tions, in  the  natural  history  pEU't  of  the  Journab  the  fullovving  short 
diagnoses  of  the  species  will  suffice  for  Iho  proi^ent  : — 

1.     Cy.  hrachys&ma^  Dobsou, 

Head,  bi'oad,  triangular  ;  body  very  abort ;  tail  short  and  slen- 
der ;  fur  bicolom^d,  slatey-blue  with  a  greyish  or  silvery  tingo  ; 
I  tips  of  the  hairs  sooty-brown* 


105 


Proeeedingi  of  th  Jiialic  Sttcieiy* 


IUa%^ 


Length  :  head  and  body  2^9  ;  head  l^.SS  ;  foroarm  2^2  ;  2iid 
finger  4''.0. 

2.  i/1  $pelcetii,  Dobson. 

Head  long  ;  niiizzlo  naiTow,  pointed  ;  tongue  very  long ;  index 
finger  without  a  ilaw  ;  a  prominent,  anlxaitanooua  gland  on  eacjh 
side  of  the  anal  opening  ;  fur  short,  dark-brown. 

Length  :  head  and  body  4". 2  ;  tail  0^45  ;  head  r.55  ;  forearm 
2^75  ;  2nd  finger  4^6. 

3.  Phjlhrhina  NitoharemiB^  Dobson* 

Head  long  j  muzzle  obtuse  ;  nose-leaf  \*^th  three  small  ]>oint8  on 
its  anterior  margin,  the  transverse  portion  erect,  forming  an  arc  of 
a  cirelo,  rolled  back  on  itself  and  overhanging  the  concave  baso 
which  is  divided  into  two  celU  by  a  single  longitndinal  fold.  Wing 
membranes  attached  to  base  of  metacarpal  bone  of  outer  toe. 

Length  :  head  and  body  Z\Q  ;  tail  TJ  ;  forearm  2'.o  ;  tibia  1^0. 

4.  Aselita  Stolirzkanei,  Dobfion. 

Ears  acntely  pointed,  outer  edge  doubly  omarginate  immediate- 
ly below  the  tip  ;  nose-leaf  large,  transverse  portion  erect,  npper 
part  of  crest  tri-acumlnate,  in  form  like  an  isosceles  triangle  with 
an  obtuse  vei-tical  angle,  having  its  apex  divided  into  three  pointd 
by  two  narrow  incisions,  perpendicular  to  the  base.  Fur  pure 
white,  with  purplish-brown  tips,  beneath  dirty-white. 

Length:  head  and  body,  1",6 ;  tail  0\G  ;  forearm  r.52  ;  2nd 
finger  2'.6. 

The  discovery  of  the  new  species  of  Ma€rofflo$9Wt  leads  to  Iho 
necessity  of  an  important  change  in  the  classification  of  the  Pteror 
pine  bats,  as  proposed  by  Br*  Peters  of  Berlin. 

Dr.  Peters  has  devoted,  perhaps,  more  attention  to  the  examina- 
tion of  this  interesting  order  than  any  other  living  natui'alist,  and 
his  generalisations  have,  accordingly,  been,  I  believe,  very  exten« 
fiively  accepted.  In  the  Vol,  of  the  monthly  Proceodiugs  of  the 
Berlin  Academy  for  the  year  I8t37,  page  8Co,  he  arranges  the  generm 
of  the  Pteropino  bats  (with  the  exception  of  Pterojuu,  of  which  hd 
enumerates  tlie  species  in  a  former  i>aper  in  the  same  volume)— 
thus  :  — 


Itt7l0 


Froc$0din^i  of  ih  AHtUie  Somt^. 


A.     Tnd^  finger  mih  a  claw, 

2.  CynonycUru,,  D.  *-*    ^     3;    ^    g. 

3.  Cynopleru,,      D.  ||    {    \\   ^^ 
3fl,  PifftwchtruSf 


4 


2  3.    i« 


4.  Mege§^op(tf 

5.  JBarpi/ta, 


24,      I, 


-  T-  M    Cauda  dietintta. 

B.L^    1     i  i  !^   caudanulla, 

2  3,      1,       2,  I,  8JS, 

6.  Epmopl^orm,  D.  'J    i     i  1  |i 

7.  Mmroghum,  D.  1-^     1     i  i  B 

•^  '  3.3,      1,       \  1.  SJ.S. 

B.     Indsxfiiiger  without  a  claw* 


8.  O0phaht^9^ 

9.  MkfpUrii^ 


'  sjt,    X     i,     1,    as. 
*  t.ai,    1,    I— 1,    1,    ^^. 


It  will  Be  thus  seen  that  tho  genus  Macr^ghssuSf  according  to 
Profc  Peters,  oomes  under  the  head  of  the  firt*t  diviflioni  or  tlia«0 
Data  provided  with  a  elaw  on  the  index  finger,  and  this  generalisa- 
tion was  perfect  go  long  as  Jf.  mmirnui^  remained  the  type  of  the 
genus,  but  the  above  noticed  new  species,  of  which  two  spirit 
fipedmens  are  before  you,  has  not  the  dightest  trace  of  a  claw  on 
the  index  finger.  That  this  is  a  true  Maeto^hinu  is  suifidentlj 
evident,  if  the  form  of  the  head,  and  the  miinber,  charaeter,  and 
arrangement  of  the  teeth  be  comparod  with  the  same  partes  in  J/l 
mfnimuty  the  points  of  tlifference  consisting  in  the  possession  or  ab- 
sence of  a  claw  on  the  index  finger,  the  place  of  attachment  of  the 
wing  membrane  to  the  foot,  and  the  comparative  length  of  the  tail. 
These  differences  would,  perhaps,  warrant  the  formation  of  a  new 
sub-genus  for  the  reception  of  this  species,  which,  however,  I 
hesitate  to  do  till  the  discovery  of  other  species  requires  it. 

The  differences  referred  to  would,  no  doubt,  be  of  great  import- 
ance in  separating  the  species  and  placing  them  in  different  gene* 
ra,  were  there  assoclatorl  with  them  corrospontllngly  important 
dilTeiencos  in  the  form  of  tlie  head,  and  the  chai'actur,  number  and 


108 


Fhyc$idin^i  qf  the  Asiatie  Smettj^ 


LMat, 


arrangement  of  the  teeth.   Bat  when  we  come  to  osamine  and  com- 
pare those  parts   in  the   specimens  of  tho  two  species,  we  are  at  | 
once  struck  by  the  almost  complete  similarity  of  the  speoimena  in.] 
these  respects,  the  relative  importance  of  which  it  is  imnecessary  tal 
dwell  upon. 

Tiiereforo  that  part  of  Prof*  Peters's  classification  which  depends  j 
on  tho  presence  or  absence  of  a  claw  on  the  index  finger  must  be 
abandoned,  and  some  other   generalisation,   based  on  a  more  con- 
stant and  important  characteri  substituted,  but  I  have  not  yetj 
examined  a  sufficient  number  of  species  to  enable  me  to  Indicato 
this  character. 

Among  the  bata  obtained  by  Dr,  StoHczka  at  tJie  Nicobara  three 
specimens  of  MiniopUrk  AuatralU^^lom^n^   occur.     Mr.  Tomes  ia  J 
describing  this  species*  says  **  the  name  under  which  I  have  da- 1 
scribed  this   species   was  given  under  the  impression  that  it  waa 
exclasivoly  a  imtivo  of  Austi-alia.     It  was   not  until   after  I   had 
arranged  and  named  the  apecimens  in  the  British  Museum  and  in 
some  other  collections,  that  I  found  it  to  be  an  inhabitant  of  Timor 
(and  probably  of  other  islands  of  tho  Indian  Archipelago),  as  well 
as  of  Australia,    and  that   the  name  of  AmiralU  was  not  strictly  j 
appropriate.     But  to    avoid  the   confusion   which  might  possibly  I 
arise  from  a  change  of  name,  I  have  thought  it   desirable   that   it 
should  remain  unaltered."     I   believe   this  is  the   first   time   M. 
Austraiis  has  been  recorded  from  the  Nicobars,  and  in  so  recor<ling  ' 
it,  I  not  only  add  a  species  to  the  faunaj  but  also  a  fresh  locality  to 
tho  species  placed  neai'ly  as  far  north   of  the   equator   as   its  firatJ 
locality   was  south  of  it,  so  that  Mr.  Tomos's  surmise  has  provedl 
correct,  though  I  believe  in  a  far  wider  sense  then  he  expected^ 
and  taking  the  name  AusiralU  literally,  ho  might  with  almost  ec|t] 
justice  have  called  the  species  geptenttionaiis. 


IV. — NOTBS  ON  TnE  ANATOldTY  OF   CEEMKOCOKCmrs  SyhabkeksiSi 
by  Dr.  F,  Stoliczka, 

A   peculiar   amphibious    shell,   living   on   the  moi^t  pret  ipitoual 
rocks  of  the  Wes torn  Ghats  near  Bombay,  was  described  by  Mxa 

•  AmmlB  and  Mag.  Kat  Hist  1S58,  Yol.  U,  p.  161. 


1871.] 


-Fr$C0$d$n^9  of  the  Asiatic  Soriefy, 


KM) 


W,  T,  Blanford  as  Cremmhaf.es  Si/hadrensh,  iu  Ann.  and  Mng.  N*  H* 
for  September,  1 86ft,  vol,  I^  In  this  paper  Mr.  Blanfuinl  noted  tho 
I  species  as  representiag,  in  8ome  respectSf  a  connecting  link  betweau 
tho  LiTTouLNiDji:  and  OYCLosroMiDiK,  but  ho  incli0t4  to  ita  claasi- 
fication  in  tlie  former  family,  although  Ue  wm  not  able  to  discover 
the  presonoe  of  gilla. 

In  Ann.  and  Mag.  N.  H.  for  May  1869,  vol.  HI,  p.  343, 
Mr.  Blanford  proposed  to  eubstitnto  the  generic  nam©  Cremnomn' 
chm  for  Cremmhaie$^  the  latter  having  boon  preoccupied  by  Br* 
Giinther  iu  Ichthyology,  In  «rourii,  Aaiat.  Soc»  Bengal,  YoL 
XXXIX,  p.  10,  &c.,  Mr.  Blanford  added  a  new  spedos  to  the 
genus,  C.  conicus^  with  the  variety  cfmaiiculatKs,  and  classed  Lay- 
ard's  An^uhtm  carinattts^  in  the  same  genus.  All  three  forme  occur 
at  Mahableshwar  in  similar  localities,  as  the  first  named  species  ; 
they  appeal'  to  me  to  be  only  vaiieties  of  Layard*8  carinatua, 

Prol  Troschel  obtained  a  specimen  of  Cremtiaconchm  Sijhadremii 
witb  the  animal  dried  in,  but  all  he  cauld  examine  were  detached 
portions  of  the  radula  ;  these,  however,  agreed  so  well  with  thoao 
of  Littorina,  that  no  doubt  remained  as  to  the  Littorinoid  character 
of  tlio  species  in  question  (vide  Archiv  fiir  Naturgesch.,  1867,  pt.  1^ 
vol.  XXXm,  p.  90). 

In  my  review*  of  the  genera  of  tlie  family  LrrroRisiDja  I  have 
classed  Cremnocortchus  in  the  sub-family  uloutcik.^,  but  it  appears 
that  the  species  now  known  to  constitute  tho  geuus  shew  rather 
more  affinities  to  Lit  tor  {na  than  to  Lacuna,  I  shall  return  to  this 
subject  of  classification  again. 

Considering  the  verj'  great  importance  wMch  attaches  itself  to 
the  discovery  of  every  form,  representing  a  link  between  two  others, 
now  widely  sex^arated,  I  was  glad  to  receive  several  specimens  of 
CremmeonchuM  Syhadrtmis  through  Mr.  Pairbank  from  the  Maha* 
bleahwar  cHfis.  The  following  notes  wiU  give  an  outline  of  tho 
principal  anatomical  characters  of  the  species,  in  addition  to  thoBO 
already  noticed  by  Mr*  Blanford  and  Prof.  TroachoL 


•  Monogmph  orcretooeood  GntlmpcKla^  Palu^ont.  ladicn,  II,  IS67-S8,  p,  363. 


110 


Pm^eiiingi  ^th^  Aiiatk  Seciei^^ 


[MAr,- 


^" 


S!de  tIow  of  ft  mule  Hpeeimen,  partially  protruding  oub  of  tho  sIigU. 
Vidw  trom  bolow  of  another  spooimoQ,  sbevring  tho  i^olo  of  the  root^ 
Ad  Atomy  of  a  fcmalo  epecimQu  ; 

-radiilfl,  fc— kidnoyi  U — liver,  o*-Tiigi 

fill,  fe— heart,  wv— thoU  retmcbor,     /—foot* 

nQ — obaoleto  plame,       i — mtestlnes,       ut — ntorasp  pr^mntwAo^ 

wg — •alivury  glanda,       at — stomach  oi?— ovary,  a — a&as» 

4^    2  utnm  of  toeth  of  tho  radula.     6*  sido  viow  of  tbo  oeatre  tooth* 

The  animal  (figs,  1-2)  of  C  S^hadrensts  has  a  short  rather  stout 
hod}%  with  a  thick  subcylindrieal  foot,  posteriorly  with  the  oper- 
ctilimi  attached  by  a  slight  lobo,  just  abovo  the  baao  j  mantle- 
iwlgo  very  slightly  crenatod  and  Bomewhat  tliickened ;  muzzle 
ahort,  thick,  with  the  orid  opening  at  the  end,  which  is  not  lobed  } 
tontacles  subulate,  of  considerable  length,  rather  far  apart,  pointed 
at  tho  end|  with  large,  black  eyes  on  their  outer  swollen  bases  ; 
ftole  of  foot  roundish  or  oval,  with  an  indistinct  median  grooro. 
Sexes  distinct :  male  with  a  large,  flatly  depressed  penia,  perfoiv 
atcd  at  the  end,  without  any  appendage. 

Qeneral  colour  pale  whitish  grey,  slightly  darker  on  tJio  back| 
and  with  ft  few  irregular  darker  spotfl  at  tho  feidus  of  the  foot,  ten* 
taclea  usually  blackish  ;  the  mujszlo  appears  reddish  on  account  of 
the  red  colour  of  tho  buccal  parts. 

Tho  80X08  appear  slightly  to  diiFor  in  size  ;  at  least  none  of  tho 
males  were  o^  Itirgo  as  the  fomaluu.    Tho  shuH  of  tho  largest  spooi- 


1871.] 


Procs^in^i  o/tJuf  Asiaiic  Socteft/. 


Ill 


men  of  the  latter  ineasiirod  :  larger   diam.    8,    smallor   diani.    7  5, 

tot^l  height  8  niju. 

The   intornal  anatomy  (figr-  3)  dooa  not  osaeiitially  differ  from  that 

of  other  Prf^sohraachiate  Go^tn^poda.   The  bucjoal  parts  in  the  mouth 

SLtB  soft,   fleshy,   with  the  usual  cartilaginous  valves  interndly.     I 

have  not  observed  a  trace  of  a  separate  jaw.  The  oesophagus  passes 
^B  through  the  nervous  ring,  beyond  which  the  ealivary  glands  are 
^m  situated.  Stomach  large,  black  ;  it  had  vegetable  matter  inside,  the 
^H  animal  having  apparently  been  living  on  minnte  algae.  Intestines 
^m  very  long.  The  uterus  in  the  female  is  disc-like,  large,  flattened,  of 
V    ft  g^^jish  colour ;  the  ovarium  very  large,  occupying    the    greater 

portion  of  the  middle  and  also  mostly  of  the  posterior  surface, 
^K  and  of  the  inner  or  collumellar  aide  of  the  body.  In  a  full  grown 
^m  female,  (examined  in  March)  the  eggs  were   somewhat  more   than 

one  half  millim.    in   diameter,  yellow,   with   a  large  transparent, 

©xcentrie,  nucleus,  eneloi^ing  a  minute  nucleolus* 

Kin  tlie  male,  the  testis  is  situated,  similarly  to  the  ovoiy  in  tlie 
female  ;  it  is  generally  of  a  pale  yollowish  colour  and  the  sperma- 
tossoa  are  rather  short,  extremely  thin,  gradually  thickened  toward* 
one  end.  In  some  specimens  the  testis  occupied  the  whole  of  the 
surface  of  the  termuial  1 1  wliork.  The  vas  deferens  lies  along 
the  ventral  (or  columellar)  side  and  is  of  very  great  lengtli  j  it  was 
^m  filled  witli  well  developed  spermatozoa. 

^P  The  kidney  is  largo,  elongately  ovate,  grey,  situated  behin<3  thif 
gills.  The  liver  is  greenisli,  consisting  of  two  anterior  smaller  lobes 
wliile  a  larger,  much  subdivided,  lobe  occupies  the  terminal  portion 
of  the  body. 
■  The  gills  consist  of  a  single  rather  narrow  plume,  composed  of 
thin  fillets  which  are  grown  to  the  npper  side  of  tlio  gill-cavity. 
The  fillets  are  on  the  right  side  very  finely  prolonged  and  partially 
f  become  branched,  resembling  in  this  respect  the  brwathiug  organ  of 
Ipulmonifei'ous  MoUusca ;  the  same  form  is  already  indicated  la 
Bveral  of  the  more  terrestrial  than  aquatic  Lfftortntc,  To  the  right 
tot  the  gill  is  a  narrow  thickening,  which  is  generally  stated  to 
Fl>e  a  rudiment  of  a  second  plume  ;  it  is  barely  indicated  in  this 
species. 
The  radula  is  narrow,   very  long,  from  10- H  m.m. ;  the  greatiir 


n2 


Procif^dingM  of  fh  Amtic  &ei#^. 


fMAT^* 


|K}rtioa  df  it  lies  rolled  in  on  the  right  side  buliind  tke  mouth. 
It  is  composed  of  between  260-280  transverse  rows  of  tfoniogloesata 
teeth,  the  formida  beiiij^  3.1.3,  (see  fig.  4)»  The  centre  trxHh  is 
somewhat  h>ngor  than  liroad^  rounded  above,  strongly  emargmate  ftt 
the  sides,  and  less  so  at  the  base.  The  npper  edge  is  very  strongly 
infleeted,  with  7  dentides  of  which  the  median  ono  is  the  largest^ 
(see  fig.  5).  Along  the  concave  sides  runs  a  very  thin,  raised  la- 
mella, and  the  priijecting  comers  of  the  base  are  also  bent  upwards. 
The  lateral  teeth  follow  below  each  other  under  a  rather  st^p 
angle  ;  idl  have  the  tipper  edges  strongly  inflected,  each  having  tho 
median  denticle  the  etrongost  and  obliquely  projecting,  tlie  outer  5 
denticles  on  each  side  decreasing  in  size  ;  on  tlie  outermost  tooth 
the  latter  are  somt4imes  hai*dly  traceable.  The  general  i^hape  of  ^ 
the  first  lateral  tooth  is  oblitpitdy  qradrangidar,  posteriorly  deeply 
emarginate  and  with  the  posterior  half  of  the  upper  edge  tliinner  ^ 
and  a  little  longer.  The  bases  of  the  two  outer  lateral  t^atli  ara 
obb'quely^  and  more  or  less  obtusely,  pointed. 

The  teeth  of  C.  eannaim^  and  its  vai'ieUes^  are  perfectly  similar 
lo  those  of  SifhadrrmtR,  exct^pt  that  the  metlian  denticles  of  tho 
teeth  are  a  little  stronger  and  more  pointed,  as  tHjmpared  with  the 
adjoining  lateral  denticles. 

When  we  compurc  the  general  anatomy  of  CrrmmtanchuM  with 
that  of  Lttforina,^  >ve  find  that  both  nro  almost  perfectly  identical. 
Prof.  Ti^oschel,  in  tlie  above  noted  communication  (p.  Ui),  eharao* 
teri^ied  CremmvonckHS  as  possessing  an  umbilicated  shell  and  iha  ] 
median  teeth  of  the  radula  without  laterally  raised  lamellro,  wlule 
LiUorina  has,  according  to  the  some  autlior,  a  non- umbilicated  shell 
and  the  median  teeth  with  lateral  lamellee.  The  statement  relating  I 
to  Cremnui'onchtt*,  is,  however,  evidently  an  oversight  on  the  port 
of  Prof,  TroschoL  The  median  teeth  of  Crtmnoconchtu  have,  l_ 
ttli*eftdy  noticed^  laterally  raised  lamellm,  and  the  shell  is  either 
umbilicated  or  not ;  as  is  clearly  shewn  by  Cremmeonehus  turitiatm^ 
and  its  varieties.  In  the  two  points  alluded  to,  the  genu»,  therefore*, 
perfectly  agrees  with  Lttionna,  and  it  is  indeed  not  ea«y  to  find  out 
Buffi^oieutly  distinctive  characters  between  the  two. 


•  I  )mre  examined  in  connection  with  this  tnhji^ci  Li ttorinn  ftvclanoitoma^Mtd 
Iwo  otht>r  speoioB  T€M7  dosDlj  aUiod  or  ididHtioiJ  wilU  wuitiUUa  axul  itU^rmcdia. 


1871.] 


^r^efdm^s  of  (he  AftaUc  Sociciff, 


ua 


The  form  of  the  alieU  of  l>oth  is  ao  Tarlable  that  no  Importance 
can  be  attached  to  it|  tlie  only  diiferenca  being,  that  the  one  of 
I  CremnocdneUua  has  a  pecnliarly  thin  textnrOf  and  that  it  la  covered 
I  with  a  very  distinct  ulivaeeous  epidermis.  Aa  to  animals,  CremHO" 
^neAuM  diifers  from  Zithnna  by  the  subcyllndrlcal  foot,  the  sole 
of  which  is  ooly  indistinctly  grooved,  and  by  the  males  having 
the  penis  destitute  of  an  appendage*  There  is  no  pt*culiar 
I  difference  in  tlie  form  of  the  teeth,  except  that  eaeh  has  7  denticles, 
whilo  in  LUtorina  there  are  usually  only  a  present.  The  operculum 
is  also  in  both  very  similar,  paueispiral  and  horny,  only  in  most  epe- 
ciniens  of  C\  S^kadremU  it  becomes  in  time  (juite  tuataceuua* 

For  these  reasons  I  believe,  therefore,  that  Cremmconchwt  can  be 
f  regarded  only  as  a  subgenusi  of  LUfortnUf  and  should  be  classed 
iiiext  to  JiMla  (=^  Bemhicium)^  the  relative  position  of  tJie  lateral  and 
ral  teeth  being  very  similar  in  both.  Of  Ruella  two  sxiecies 
rbecur  on  the  Arracan  coast,  at  thd  AndamanSi  and  Nicubars^ 
[Penang,  &c. 

In  my  Monograph  of  the   South  Indian   Ghistropoda,    (Paheont^ 
Indica,  II,  p,  259,  et  soq.),  I  have  divided  the  Littorlxid.e  into 
tbroe  sub- families,  poa^Attix,K,  la  coning  and  ijttoiunin^.    Subse- 
quent researches  make  a  thorough  change  in  the  claasiheation   of 
I  the  fumily  necessary. 

In  the   first  named   sub-family   only   RUella   can   be   regarded 

as  a  true  Littorinid,  and  mu^t  be  placed    near   Littotina*     Fomat 

and    its    allies    must  be   excluded  from  the  present  family.     In 

'the  I:>ACUNLN^^   have   provisiou/illy    to   remain:     Lacuna,   Modultutf 

VhtmotU^   and   Lacunar iu,    while    Lithofjlt/ifkui  is   to   all   appuaranoQ 

did  foim,  and  must  be  classed  near  Hylhmia  and  Amnicola* 

tie  UTToniNiKJE  include  Ci/Cionnma^  Sj}irttn^m(t,  Amhtfrleifa^  Eehhv'Ua^ 

MamuSf  Jiiitdla,  Cremnoconc/ius,  JVcnli^ides^  and  LiUorina,  Itcsoaruhea 

■in  fossil  conchulogy  may  increane  this  list  considerably. 

With  regard  to  the  relation  of  Cremmeunchus  to  OyckUumm^ 
CychphoruSf  and  some  of  their  allies,  it  is  worth  wiiiie  drawing 
attention  to  the  many  points  of  similarity  which  exist  botween  thd 
Vltittorinm  in  general  and  these  opereulated  landshells.  The  aai-* 
'mals,  and  their  dentition,  are  in  both  ollten  extremely  similar,  with 
the  exception  that  the  foianor  have  the  end  of  the  muzale  truncate, 
vhile  the  CYCLOPHoBiHiB  hav©  it  lobed.     The  o^iereulnm  in   (JifclQ- 


114 


^rocfedm^s  of  ih  Asiatic  SaekUj. 


IVLxrA 


$Umus  15  similar^  pQucispiral,  but  tastncoouSj  wlule  it  is  homy  in  1 
Littorina.     Cremnovonchmj  howeveri  liaving  oocasioniiUy  a  ieetooeous 
opert*uluin, indicates  a  link  between  tlie  two  genera  and  it  also  indinoa  J 
to  the  latter  by  the  males  not  poases^ng  an  appendage  to  the  poani/ 
The  gillfl  of  BOme  Liiiorin^B^  and  partieukrly  thos«  of  CremnocmKhml 
equally  indicate  a  passage  to  the  fonn  of  the  lungs  of  true  pituionata^ 
Fuitheri    the   foot  ia   grooved  along   the  middle   of    the  solo  is 
LUtorin(€y   it  is  equally   so  in  the   Ctjclostomi^  only  the  two  par 
of  the  fiole  are  in  the  latter  genus  still  more  developed  on  account  ol 
the  {u^boreal  habitat  of  the  species,  though  Tory  pTObivbly  this  will  no 
be  found  to  be  so  much  the  case  in  the  purely  ti>rrostri*d  ones,  and 
C^clophonts  and  others  the  groove  has  entirely  disappeared.  The  ZiM 
torinw  have  no  jaw,  at  least  none  distinctly  developed,  neither  hava 
the    Ci/cJos(ofiu\   but   the  Cydophorif  which  may  be  said  to  be  mora 
terrestrial,  than  the  former,  possess  a  weil-developGd  jaw^  like  \ 
IIkucid^  and  other  pn.iIo^'ATA. 

Considering  these  nvuneroua  points  of  structure  whieh  I  have 
just  notieedi  it  can  be  searcely  doubted  that  there  exJBts  an  i]ili« 
mate  relation  between  Littorinw  and  Ctjiiostumi  and  their  aasociat4ja  { 
and  that  the  origin  of  the  latter  may  be  looked  for  in  the  eocplanatl 
tion  of  certain  shght  changes  in  the  organisation  of  tlie  former* 
Crennioconchua^  as  already  stated,  shews  in  severiil  poitita  a  st 
greater  inclination  to  CyclmUfmmi  than  do  the  common  Littorimo*'^ 
Mr*  Blanford's  general  remai'ks  on  this  subject  were,  therelbro, 
perfectly  juBtiJledf  though  he  wofi  not  in  possosaion  of  all  the  detiuk 
upon  w^hich  he  might  have  been  able  to  base  more  definite  conclu- 
elona. 

In  point  of  general  classification,  the  comparison  of  Uie  and 
tomy  of  LUtorhim  and  C^clostomi  indicates,  that  among  the  dif- 
ferent orgajjs,  the  structure  of  the  breathing  organ  seems  t^i 
be  subjected  to  a  greater  variation,  or  change,  than  are 
instance  the  gcucrative  or  digestive  parts,  or  the  rudula,  &cJ 
Therefore,  it  i«  not  advisabk  to  me  ih  hrtathhig  or^an  a$  an  ImportQ 
character  in  the  principal  clas^ificalion  u/  the  MoUmca^  tn  (hs  ichi| 
in  w  liich  it  has  been  introduced  for  such  a  purpose  in  the  isystemn  < 
Cuvier  and  others. 

I  could  quote  other  examples  in  support  of  this  view,  as  fo| 
instance  that  of  Ccrithidca  vUum,  where  the  gUk  have  enurolj 
diflappearedj   and  become  replaced  by  true  lungK,  while  no  on 


187h] 


Procfi^ingB  of  ths  AiiaUc  Societtf, 


lU 


•will  at  tho  same  time  deny  tlie  tkiso  rulatiou  existing  botweou 
the  morino  Cerithia^  tho  braekiish  Fotamtdes  and  tU©  species  ol 
CerUhtdea  above  referred  to,  * 


V.  Desciiiption  of  a  hew  species  of  Soufcus,— ^^  Dr,  J,  AnjjmiBQN, 

SoineuB  Mitranus,    n,  sp  * 

Head  rather  Bmall  and  much  pointed  ;  tail  short  and  thick  at  tho 
base.  Snout  contracted  behind  the  nostrils  and  dilated  in  front  of 
tliem,  eharj),  spatnlate  and  fossorial.  Nasal  crescenlic,  occupying 
the  place  of  a  first  8UX)eriar  labitd,  Ijut  witli  the  lateral  portion  of 
the  rostral  bdlow  it|  in  contact  \rith  the  ro&tral|  ixrai  labial^  anterior 
loreal,  largo  eupranaBal  and  email  internaaal-  The  supranasals 
largo,  not  contiguoutf,  pontngonal,  four  of  their  sides  large  and  one 
I  veiy  Bmall|  in  contact  with  the  internastd,  Intemasal  finiulij  round* 
ed,  Ijring  betwooD  the  rofttral,  nasal  and  supranasal.  Rostral  with  a 
broad,  rounded^  bharp  anterior  margin  ;  itd  aides  much  convergent*^ 
its  postorior  end  forming  only  a  narrow  suture  with  the  frontiU  ; 
its  under  surface  broad  and  slightly  Bhclving  upwards  ;  its  posterior 
margin  a  creacentic,  cutting  ridge,  deiined  from  the  surface  anterior 
to  it,  by  a  deep  groove.  The  frontal  large,  conical  from  behind 
forwards,  and  pointedly  unguiforna,  forming  sutures  with  the  ros- 
ti-al,  Bupranasal,  anterior  loreal,  and  contiguous  by  its  hinder  mar- 
gins with  tho  post  li'ontals.  Post  frontrals  large,  pentagonal,  broad 
in  front)  pointed  behind,  forming  a  broad  suture  together*  Yerticai 
aoderate  size,  rather  narrow,  ita  anterior  margins  forming  an  ob- 
j  angle  J  ktoral  margins  concave  and  slightly  convevgent;  abruptly 
ti'uncated  posteriorly*  Two  pro-occipitak  rather  8mall,oblongly  pen- 
tagonal, placed  obli(iuely,  and  contiguoiLs.  Occii)itid  consid*:rahly 
smaller  than  the  vertical  and  wedge- thai>ed  fi'om  before  backwm'ds  : 
two  rather  large  scales  placed  transversely  along  its  external 
margin.  Two  small  postoccipitalj3»  Five  lai'ge  superciliarios  with  an 
internal  line  of  fuur  small  plates,  tho  first  of  which  et^uals  tho  length 
of  tbe  throe  succeeding  ones.  Four  rather  large  scales  form  the 
lower  margin  of  the  eye,  the  anterior  scale  as  long  as  tho  two  bo* 
hind  it*  Loreal  region  concave.  Two  elongated  loreals  one  before 
the  other,  the  anterior  sliii^ld  in  contact  with  the  supranasal,  nasal 
and  three  lower  labials.     Eight  upper  labials,  the  two  below  the 

*  I  have  n&inoil  this  lUard  in  honour  of  uiy  learucd  fncud  Bilbu  ime&drul^a 
Milro  who  obtuiued  it  under  iho  cireumiiiatjcca  mt'iitioiidd  on  puge  &lO. 


116 


IVoee^$nff$  0/  the  Asiatic  Satiety ^ 


IUjlY 


eye  the  largest.     Eight  lower  labiaLs :    a  large   shield  behind  the , 
mental  succeeded  hy  three  paira  of  largo  shields,  separated  fjon 
eat'li  other  by  a  median,  h:)iig]tudinal,  row  of  three  smaller  shiehla,! 
External  ear  completely  hidden*     Twenty-nine   to   thirty   rows    of 
smooth^  imbricate  scales  round  the  middle  of  the  body.     Two  largii 
proaual  sciiles. 

Colour  of  dried  specimen  yellowiah  buff  above,  each  scale  with 
white  9|K}t  in  the  centre  of  its  free  margin  with  a  brown  6j>ot  oal 
either  side  of  it.  Ten  vertically  elongated,  or  more  or  less  rounded  J 
deep  red-lirown  spots  along  the  side  from  the  middle  of  the  nock  toj 
above  the  thigh,  the  Inst  spot  reduced  t^  little  more  than  a  speclc.| 
Bides  and  under  surface  yellowish.  Snout  to  vent  4*  12'* ;  vent  tal 
tip  of  tail  2"  £»'" ;  snout  to  postonor  margin  of  occipital  8'" ;  anteriorj 
limb  r  r"  J  posterior  limb,  1*  2'". 

The  nails  of  this  serine  ai»e  flat  and  broad,  and  rather  eonoave  on  the 
under  surface  :  the  toes  are  laterally  extended  by  the  outward  elon- 
gation of  the  dorsal  sctiles,  an  arrangement   which   gives   the   foo 
groat  breadth,  and  suggests  the  idea  that  it  is  specially  modified  to  a] 
fossorial  habit  of  life. 

The  specimen  from  which  this  description  is  drawn,  was  obt 
by  Bibu  Kajciidi^aliila  Mitrafr^jm  a  Kashmir  meiH^haut,  who  stiitiidl 
that  it  came  l>om  Arabia  and  that  it  was  the  El-adda  of  tlie  Arabs. 
It  is  exti*©mely  likely  that  this  term  is  a  generic  one  applied  to  al 
number  of  nearly  allied  seines,  inhabiting  Ai-abia,  ^^yria,  Hgyptandl 
Abyssinia,  (see  antea,  p.  96), 

The  present  sijocies  is  distinguished  fi'om  iS,  i>ifhunnli*j — if  th^j 
descriptions  and  tU-awiugs  of  that  lizard  are  corrL^et, — by  its  morel 
markedly  fossorial  snout  and  by  the  number,  form,  and  dispositioiLl 
of  itfi  cranial  plates,  and  by  its  peculiar  coloration  Another  specleoi 
from  <d\j:abia  is  the  Sv,  w/Tc^^ns/t,  Hemp,  and  Ehr* 

The  reailing  of  the  next  paper  was  postponed, 

li^oUs  un  ^Kfvifral  Arabic  and  I^enian  inscrijdwnSf  by  H.  Bloch* 
mann,  Ei**^*,  M.  A. 

The  following  communications  have  been  received  :  — 

1ft     J^ef^euds  and  liattacis  connected  with  pernoitu   dtificd^   &t   Md  iVll 
ffi'sat  veneration^  in  JJhajutjaur  atkd  the  nei^hbohrin^  di^tricUf  by  li4bu 
iiftshbihari  Boso. 

2.  List  0/ birds,  collected,  orobstrmdin  the  Wardha  VMtfjf  and  iU^ 
tmnitjf  mar  Chanda^  by  W*  T.  Jilanfoi'd,  Es(^. 


1871.] 


Procifdtngi  of  ths  A  sialic  Society, 


117 


LiBiaitT. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Librarj  since  thd 
[m&eting  held  in  April  last  : —  ^ 

•^^  NamoB  of  Donora  in  Capittik. 
Quarterly  Journal   of  the   Geological  Sodety  of  London,  Vol, 
XXVn,  Parti:— The  Geoi/>gical  Society  of  London. 

Transactions  of  the  Royal    Socioty  of   Edinburgh,    Vol.  XXVI, 
?art  I; — Proceedings,  Session  1869-70: — The  BoYix.  Society  op 
"Edixbubgh. 

Journal  of  the  Chemical  Soc^iety  of  London,  Vol.  VlII,  Novem- 
ber and  December ;  Vol.  IX>  January : — The  Chemical  Society 
OF  London. 

Journal  Asiatiqiie,  No.  58  : — The  Socte'te'  AaiATigi^E,  Paeis, 
Monatsbericht  der  K.  Preusaiechen  Akademie  der  WisBonachaf- 
ten,    January     1871  : — K.    PaEUsaisCHE   Akauemie  dee  Wissen- 

IaCUAFTEN   ZU   BeRLIK. 
I     Atti  deUa   Keole  Accademia  deUe  Sotenze  di  Torino,  Vol.  V, 
DiBp.  1-7  ; — \o\s  IV,  Appendice ;— Notizia  Storica  dei  layori   fatti 
id&Ua  dasse  di  Scienze  Fisiche  e  Matematidie,   1864*1805  ;— Obser- 
Ivation  do  L'Essaim  des  E'toiles  Filantea  du    12-H,   Nuvembrei 
1869; — BoUettino  Meteorologico  ed  Astronomico  del  Kegio  Osser- 
pTatorio  dell*  Univeraita  di  Torino,  1869  !■ — ^Bsale  Aooademu  deixb 
t>:nze  di  Torino. 

Kongb*ga    Svenska  Vetenskapa-Akademiens    Handlingar,    Ny- 

♦*i)ljd,    18f»4-67  ; — Meteorologiska  lakttagelser  i  Sverigo  utgii'na  af 

jKongliga   Svenska   Vt'tenskaps. — Akademien,  anstiiilda  och  bear- 

Ifcetade  under  inseonde  n^  Er  EJlund,    1864-66. — Lofoadsteckningar 

[ofver  K.  Svenska  Vtjttmskaps  Akademiens,    efter  Ar  1854  aflinda, 

lamotor,  Band  I,  HKlftel ;— ofversigt,   1865— 68.— DioThiorar- 

en  des  Ariatoteles  von  den  IClassen  dei*  Siiugethiere,  Vugol,  Rop- 

len   imd  Ineekten  %'on   Carl,  J.  Sundevall ; — Ci»us2>ectum  Avium 

fpicinarium,  cdidit,  Carl.  J.  Simdevall ; — Hemiptera  Afiieana  des- 

crijisit  Carolus   Stiil,   Tom    l-l: — Kongl.   VETENSKAPa-AKADEiOE, 

lOLU. 

M6moires  de  la  Soci6t^  Boyolo  des  Sciences  de  Lii'go,  2"*^  S^rie, 
Tom  1-2  I— Socu'iB'  Royalb  des  Sciences  d«  LieW. 


U8 


FroeB^din^i  of  the  Amiic  SmHij. 


[M.1Y,' 


JoiU'Bal  of  tho  Agricultural  and  Hoiticiiltaral  Society  cjf  Indin^^ 
VoL  n,  Vt,  n  t — The  AaiircirLTTniAL  awb  Honxiriin^TtiRAX.  SooiKTTi 

OF  IXDIA.  ^ 

Arcliivo  per  L*Amropologia  ^  la  Etnolojria,  pubblicato  per  Dr. 
P.  Mautegozza,  Dr.  F.  Fiusd  ; — The  Auraoits. 

Brahma  uad  dio  Brahmanen,  von  Dr»  M.  Hang: — Tub  At7Tiiai^| 

Derivativo  ITypotliesia  of  Life  and  Sijooiee,  by  Prof.  OreilS- 
The  Author, 

PreHmiaary  Slcethh  of  a  Natural   Arrangement  of  tlie   Or 
Docpffhnm,  hy  W.  11.  DaU,— Note  on   tho  transversely    etriaked 
muscular  fibre  amoog  the  (Jastoropoda,  by  W.   H.   Dull : — TiibJ 
AuTiion. 

The  Eoligioiis  Sects  of  the  Hindua,  by  Akshayaoumira  Datta  :- 
The  Author. 

A  Report  on  the  Microaooplc  Objects  found  in  Cholera  evaoua-i 
tions^  by  T.  B.  Lo^is : — The  Author, 

Bimayana,   Yob   II,  No.  7,    Edited    by    Hemaebandra: — Tni 
Editor, 

Baha«ya  Sandarbba,  November,  18R5  : — Thk  Editoe. 

Flora   Sylvaticn,  Part  VII ; — ^Icones  Plantarum   India?    Orion-^ 
talis,  Pai't  YII ; — General  Beport  on  the  Typographical  Surveys  i 
India,  1B6D-70; — General  Beport  on  the  operationB  of  the   Gre 
Trigonomfftriral  Survey  of  India,  during  1869-70  \ — General  Bepor 
on  the  Bovenuo  Operations  of  the  Bengal  Prosidonoy,    1869-70: 
The  QovBRKMEyT  of  India. 

Vodarthapradipa  No.  1: — II.  H.  Tha  kur  ULRiPxiAaAD  Bexiij 

Exchange. 

The  Athenreum  for  February,  1870. 

NatnrO|  Nos.  C5-75. 

Pitrchtise, 

B^TQO  dee  deux  Mondes,  1 5th  October,   1870  : — Journal  dns  Sfl 
vants,  September,  October,  November,  December  1870: — Comptoi 
Bendiis,  Nu8. 11-19  i- — American  Journal  of  Science,  February  1871 
— Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,   Alanh    1871  : — ^L.  "" 
and  Dublin  Phihmtjphical  Maj^zine,  No.  272  : — Thoi-ell^ft  Bomarli 
on   Synou}*iiia  of  European  Spidora,  No.  1  : — Tbondl  on  Eui*ope 
Spiders: — Goiibr^  Birds  of  Asia,  Part  XXIII : — Ferguson's  Hin 
toiy  of  Ai'rhitecturo,  Vols,  I  and  II : — ^Cunningham's  Geography  d 
Ancient     India,    Vob     I.  : — Tyndtill's    Diiunagnetism  : — Galtou*i 
Hereditary  Genius  : — Buale's  Disease  Germs  :^JacoDiot  The  Bibli 

India  :  — Bhagavatgita  in  Persian  vor^e,  (MS.)  by  Feizi. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOE  June,  1871. 
— ♦-^ 


The  monthly  meeting  of  the  Society  was  hold  on  Wednesday  the 
7th  instant^  at  9  o'clock  p.  m. 
The  Hon'ble  Mr.  Justice  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 
The  Proceedings  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 

Presentations  were  announced, — 

1.  From  B^bu  Eamadasa  Sena,  a  Bengali  MS.,  entitled  Pas'u- 
pas'amokshanam,  by  the  late  Radhamohana  Sena. 

2.  From  the  author. — A  copy  of  *  Remarks  on  the  anatomy  of  the 
genus  Siphofiaria^^  by  W.  H.  Dall,  Esq.,  and  a  copy  of  *  Materials 
towards  a  monograph  of  the  Oadiniida,'*  by  W.  H.  Dall,  Esq. 

3.  From  the  author. — English  Legislation  for  India,  by  A.  M. 
Broadley,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

4.  From  Rev.  M.  E.  Lafont. — 2  copies  of  *  Meteorological  Obser- 
vations made  in  the  St.  Xavier's  College  Observatory  from  July  to 
December,  1870.* 

5.  From  M.  L.  Ferrar,  Esq.,  C.  S.,  2  silver  and  6  copper  coins, 
dug  up  at  Qanouj. 

The  copper  coins  present  no  particular  points  of  interest.  Tliey 
are  a  coi)per  coin  of  Firuz  Shah  III.  of  Dihli,  two  copper  coins  of 
Ibrahim  Sh6h  of  Jaunpiir,  one  copper  coin  of  Husain  Shall  of 
Jaunpiir  of  A.  H.  887,  two  defaced  B6U)trian  copper  coins,  and 
fragments  of  two  silver  coins. 

6.  From  the  author. — A  copy  of  Memoir  of  the  Ghazeopoor  Dis- 
trict, by  WUton  Oldham,  LL.  D.,  B.  C.  S. 


120 


Pr00Mdin^s  of  the  Asiatic  Socidy^ 


[jt 


7,  Fi'om  the  author. — The  Topogrftphy  of  the  Mogul  Empire,  as 
kuown  to  the  Dutch  in  1C31,  &c,,  by  E.  Lelhbridge,  Esq.,  M.  A, 

8.  From  the  Society. — Six  copies  of  Abatraet  of  ProceedingB  of 
the  Muhammadan  Literary  Society  of  Calcutta. 

Ch.  Darwin,  Eeq,,  proposed  by  the  Council  at  the  last  meoting  of 
the  Society  was  balloted  for  and  elected  an  Honorary  Member. 

The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  laal 
meeting  were  balloted  for  and  elected  ordinary  members : — 
Capt.  C.  StewQi-t  Pratt. 
Maulavi  Hahiburrahman. 
J,  W,  Alexander,  Esq. 
Babu  Gangiipraead  Sinha, 
Babu  Eamakrishna  Dim* 
Tho  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  election  at  the  Jiiiy^ 
meeting  ; — 

J.  R.  Reid,  Esq.,  C  B.,  Azimghur,  proposed  by  W.  Oldham,  E«j,  i 
Lli  r>»,  C.  S„  seconded  by  II.  Blochmann,  Esq. 

J,  tSmithi  Esq.^  C.  8,»  Ghazfpur,  proposi^d  by  W.  Oldham^  Esq,,  j 
LL.D.,  C.  8*,  seconded  by  11,  Bbjchmann^  Ei^q, 

E.  W.  Gates,  Esq.,  0*  E,,  proposed  by  8.  Kurss,  Esq.,  seconded  by 
Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

Col,  Octaviiis  Hamilton,  proposed  by  the  Hon'ble  J.  B»  Phear^ 
eeconded  by  Col.  H.  Hyde. 

0.  T.  Buckland,  Esq.,  0.  8.,  proposed  by  Col.  H.  Hyde,  seconded  , 
by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka, 

Khalifah  Sayyid  Muhammad  Hasan,  Prime  Minister  to  His  High* 
noes   tho     Mahiirajali   of  Pati^lah,    proposed   by  Maulavi   Abdoal  \ 
Luteef  Khan  Bahadur,  seconded  by  tho  Hon'ble  J.  B.  Phear. 

Capt.  B.  D.  Osbom  has  intimated  hia   desire   to   withdraw  from  | 
the  Society, 

The  President  said  that,  acting  on  the  request  of  Dr.  Neil,   Me* 
teorological  Reporter  of  the  ^^njab,  he  must  ask  the  attention  of ) 
the   meeting   for   a   few  raoraents  to  a  short  coiTOspondeneo  which  I 
had  passed  between  Dr.  Neil  and  hinihulf.     It  had  happened  un* 


1871.] 


Pro0$$ii$^$  of  the  J/ftaftc  S!&<f{ffy, 


121 


fortunately  that  a  pnsaago  m  tlie  Presidontinl  Address,  delivonxl  l>o- 
fore  the  Sodoty  in  March  last,  was  so  coudtetl  as  to  lead  l>r.  Neil  to 
consider  that  it  conveyed  an  incorrect  r^presantation  of  tlie  state  of 
Meteorological  Observations  in  tlio  PiiDJab^  and  accordingly  that 
gentleman  wrote  to  the  President  in  the  following  terms :  — 


^ 


Lahore,  May  Uth,  187L 
*DsA»  Sm, — ^Iwas  somewhat  sHiprised  to  find  you  statint^,  in  your 
Prefiidential  Address  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Asiatic  Sot:iety,  that 
**  according  to  the  published  reports  out  of  19  stations,*  from  2  only 
have  continuous  registers  extending  over  two  and  a  half  years,  been 
furnished*''  &c.  I  must  ask  you  to  contradict  this  statement,  as  it 
disagrees  entirely  with  facts,  and  in  doing  so,  I  trust  you  will  give 
the  same  publicity  both  to  your  contradiction  and  to  this  letter,  aa 
has  already  been  given  to  your  address/ 

*  From  IMultan  alone  I  have  records  of  continuous  regtstratioua 
from  1862  t^  the  present  time.  From  Lahore^  Syalkote,  Dera 
Ismael  Khan,  Rawalpindi,  continuous  registrations  have  be*m  kept 
up  feiuco  May  1866,  Since  January  1861),  observations  have  been 
registered  at  Ludianah,  and  for  three  and  a  half  years  continuous  re- 
gistrations are  on  record  at  Shahix^or.' 

»'  At  present  registrations  of — Barometric  pressure,  Hygrometry, 
Solar  Temperature,  Max.  and  Min.  ditto..  Direction  of  Wind,  Eaiu- 
Idl, — are  being  recorded  in  Lahorn,  Mill  tan,  Dora  Ismaol  Khau^  Ka» 
WWpiudi^  Ludianah,  Dhurmsala  and  Murree,  at  all  of  which  places 
the  observers  ore  paid.  The  observations  are  recorded  on  the  plan 
recommended  by  Qlaischer  \  the  instruments  are  all  good,  the  baro- 
meters being,  in  the  cases  of  those  at  Lahore^  Ludianah,  Dera 
Ismael  Klian,  Dhurmsala  and  Murree,  mercurial  which  have  been 
compared  with  a  standards  In  other  stationsi  registrations  which 
do  not  include  records  of  atmospheric  pressure  are  kept  as  in  Um- 
ritfiur,  Gui-dai^porD  and  Dolhousie.  In  some  of  the  stations  I  have 
had  anemographs  erected  for  the  continuous  registration  of  the 
dii*eetlon  of  the  wind.  A  hiatus  will  occasionally  occur  in  a 
register  from  such  accidents  as  treiikageor  disorder  of  instruments. 
Out  of  three  barometers  (Adio's  Mei-curial)  which  I  onlered  recently 
*  In  tUo  Pai^iib. 


]T2 


ProcHdinff9  of  ih^  Atiatie  fii^cid^. 


^     [JtrjirB, 
That  embassy 


only  one  reached  me  which ie  destined  for  Ladakh 

hna  already  cost  GoTernment  three  barcimeters  and  myself  one,' 

The  remaining  portion  of  Dr.  Neil'a  letter  did  not  bear  upon  the 
particular  matter  of  complaint,  and  therefore  for  the  moment  he,  (the 
President),  would  abstain  from  reading  it.  Ho  at  once  replied  to 
Dr,  Neil  us  follows  : — 

19^/i  Maij,  187U 

*  Deab  SiK, — Your  letter^  dated  the  11th  May,  reached  me  lato 
in  the  evening  of  the  17tli.  I  reg^ret  much  to  learn  from  it  that  you 
consider  you  have  occaBion  to  complain  of  a  statement  lately  made 
by  me  in  the  course  of  an  Addi'e8s  to  the  Asiatic  Siwicty,  You 
quote  from  the  Address  the  foil  owing  words,  '*  According  to  tho 
published  reports,  out  of  19  stations  in  the  Punjab,  from  2  only 
have  eontinuoua  registers,  extending  over  two  and  a  half  yeoi's  been 
furniBhed/'  and  you  say  that  this  statement  disagrees  entirely  with 
facts/ 

'  You  will  observe  that  in  this  passage,  I  do  not  refer  to  your 
records  of  registration,  as  to  which  I  have  indeed  no  information* 
I  merely  speak  here  of  the  published  reports.  And  at  the  timo 
when  I  delivered  my  address  there  were,  I  believe,  but  threo  of 
these^  namely,  the  reports  for  1866,  1867  and  1868,  The  report 
for  1869  was  (if  I  am  not  mistaken)  not  then  published.  At  any 
rate,  I  was  certainly  not  aware  of  its  eitistence*' 

*  Tlie  montldy  abstracts  in  these  three  Koports  for  18C6,  1867  and 
1868,  appear  to  mo  to  cover  a  period  of  almost  exactly  two  and  a  half 
years.  I  have  just  now  in  consequence  of  your  letter,  carefully  looked 
through  these  again,  and  I  must  confi3S8  I  am  quite  unable  to  dig* 
cover  on  this  review  that  my  original  statement  in  reference  to  tbi« 
period  is  in  any  degree  erroneous.  In  regard  to  all  excepting  2 
out  of  the  19  stations,  there  seem  to  be  breaks  of  greater  or  less 
extent  in  the  continuity  of  every  abstract,  I  take  for  instance  your 
own-princJi»al  station  of  Lahore,  I  find  there  are  no  observations* 
or  results  of  observations  given,  for  the  months  of  May,  June,  July^  ] 
August  and  September  1868.  I  need  hardly  say,  however,  that  I 
am  nevertheless  most  ready  (if  you  still  wish  mo  to  do  so)  to  comply 
with  the  request,  which  you  make  to  the  eEQd^  that  I  should  giv©  | 
the  eanio  publicity  to  your  letter  as  was  given  to  my  oddi'ess  \  and,  i 


1871,;) 


Ptoceedingi  of  M<?  Aiitttie  Sttctdy, 


125 


(accordingly,  imlead  I  hear  from  jou  to  tho  contrary  I  will  take  caro 
that  your  letter  is  read  at  our  next  meeting,  wliidi  will  take  placo 
on  Wedut'sday,  7th  June,  and  is  also  publit^hed  in  our  Proceudinga.' 

P*  I  thank  you  very  much  for  your  kind  worda  of  aourttssy  towards 
mysolf . ' 

I  am  yours  Tery  faitlifoUy 

J.    B.    PUEAB, 

FrfiB,  of  A9.  Soc,  BengaL 
To  A.  Nsa,  Esq.,  M.  B.  C.  8.  L. 

To  this  letter  he  received  tho  following  answer  :  — 


Lahar^,  23rrf  Mag^  187L 

*  Dear  8m, — ^Your  reply  to  my  lett<tr  is,  as  I  of  course  expected  it 
to  he,  citiito  satisfactory.  5Iy  Ilei>ort  for  18C9  was  out  ahout  tho 
end  of  last  year,  hut  was  not  distributed  till  some  time  after-  I 
should  like  my  letter  to  be  published,  howeror,  in  the  next  issuo 
of  the  Journal,  not  so  much  in  reference  to  your  remarks  about  my 
Eeports,  as  boeauso  it  contains  my  views,  in  great  part  at  least, 
regarding  the  method  of  conducting  Meteorology  in  this  country, 
and  what  ought  to  bo  dono  in  order  to  have  a  combined  plan  of 
registration.  I  believe  Col.  Strachey  has  for  some  time  had  tho 
matter  under  consideration,  and  I  wrote  to  him  about  the  same  tim^ 
as  I  addressed  you,  but  I  have  not  tis  yet  hetird  from  him  in  reply.' 

*  The  hiatus,  which  you  note  in  the  Lahore  Register  for  part  of 
1868,  was  owing  to  my  having  had  to  leave  the  station  for  another, 
and  some  time  elapsed  before  I  could  get  a  proper  system  of  regi- 
stration re-established.  Tlie  breakage  and  damages  tluit  so  oflen 
occur  to  inspections  are  a  source  of  continual  anxiety  to  mo.  Baro- 
meters are  an  especiiil  source  of  grief  and  annoyance.  Thanking 
you  very  much  for  your  letter,' 

*  I  am,  dear  Sir,  Yours  very  faithfully, 

A.  Neil/ 


^ 


^ 


*  Ab  an  explanatory  footnote  to  my  letter,  I  should  like  to  say/ — 

*  I  have  since  learnt  from  the  President  yf  the  Society  that  he 
had  not  soon  my  la^t  Keport  (&r  1809)  beforo  he  delivered  his  ad* 


124 


hfii  oftAs  Aifotit  Soeii4jf» 


[j« 


dress.  This  of  courae  exiilains  the  mbtako  whiGh  would  nooesftan^ 
find  its  way  into  most  x>eopIa's  oiinds^  th&t  up  to  the  time  of  hit 
deUveiing  hiB  address,  two  and  a  half  years  of  oomplete  registration 
had  been  made  in  only  2  stations.  The  Begistratiou  of  Metoorolii* 
gical  Phenomena  was  only  oommenoed  in  the  middle  of  IB30/ 

A.  N, 

Had  it  not  boon  for  the  especial  rv]  '  m  n  I  in  this  second 
letter  of  Dr.  Noil,  he,  (tho  President),  8)1^ » .  i  i  k  t .  -  i i  >iidorod  himself 
justihed  in  laying  before  the  meeting  only  that  portion  of  Dr. 
NeiFs  first  letter  which  he  had  already  read,  as  being  seemingly 
sufficient  to  satisfy  Dr,  Neil*s  purpose.  IIo  felt  himself,  however, 
under  the  circumstances  constrained  to  read  the  remainder,  althoiiglt 
before  doing  so  he  must  premise  that  one  passage,  at  least,  in  it 
appeared  to  liim  to  have  a  much  greater  tendency  to  discredit  tho 
Punjab  observations,  than  any  words  employed  by  him  in  hia 
address  could  possibly  have.  Tho  remainder  of  the  letter  waa  ia 
follows : — 

^  I  gather  from  your  addi^eas  that  you  are  of  opinion  that  tho 
(whole  Meteorological  Begistration  of  India  should  be  under  one 
directing  head.  I  am  quite  of  opinion  that  it  should  bo  as  much 
as  possible  conducted  upon  one  system,  but  that  the  entire  mauogo* 
meat,  with  any  regard  to  useful  result,  is  withiu  the  mental  capa* 
city  of  one  human  being,  Is  a  question  which  hardly  merits  being 
argued.  One  definite  system  is  requisite  and  necessary,  and  tha 
simpler  the  system  the  better  and  more  accurate  wUl  be  the  resulta. 
This  moat  desirable  starting-point  would,  I  conceive,  be  best  ob- 
'  tainod  by  a  conference  of  tho  i>reQent  staff  of  MeteorologistSp  Each 
f  ahould  have  his  own  j)rovince  to  manage  upon  the  defined  system) 
and  each  should  intei-pret  the  data  with  which  he  is  supplied  ac- 
cording as  hia  better  knowledge  of  his  awn  province  will  guide 
him.  My  field  of  observation  is,  you  ^-ill  admit,  a  tolerably  lai^e 
one.  It  embraces  about  10  parallels  of  Latitude  by  about  an 
equal  number  of  degrees  of  Longitude.  Within  this  area  there  is 
much  for  the  Meteorologist  to  consider*  lie  has  to  do  his  best  to  in- 
torj>ret  the  laws  which  regulate  the  dimatic  phases  of  a  country, 
part  of  which  has  an  elevation  of  only  a  few  hundi-ed  foot  above 
sea  level,   while  immense  tractb   have  an  altitude  as  high  as  any 


18710 


JVgtfiwItufi  fi/  (^0  AntfHt  S^eifff* 


Imown  inhabited  tract  on  tho  gloW,  Tb  expoct,  tln^roforo,  that  one 
dirtX'Uog  head  coxild  so  cxpixnd  liis  powers  of  olmorvntioii,  Iiowotw 
profound  hu  knowlo^go  of  thu  gonorul  laws  of  Motoorologj  might 

I  be,  as  to  grasp  and  interpret  tho  masses  of  Kli'tcondoguiU  facta 
whioh  would  pour  in  tipon  him  from  all  tlio  ProvinroM  and  Vrt^i* 
denoies  of  India,  is  to  expect  a  manifost  impossibility.  Our  first 
and  jp^atest  noet>8sity,  I  concoivo  to  bo  tho  corruct  rcgistrntitni  of 
barometric  and  wind  phenomena,  Tho  fonu  of  bnromctor  which 
ksme  most  is  Gay  Lussnc*fl  syphon,  road  by  two  Vurniora.  Soma 

[objeot  to  tho  bothor  of  reading  two  Vtiruit>r»,  but  to  this  I  alwayi 
any — there  is  not  so  much  trouble  in  reading  two  Vi'rniers  aa  there  is 

I  in  n^iog  all  the  troublosomo  iK»rroc<aon9  for  capillarity,  tompora* 
turei  reduction  to   sea  IotoI  &o.  ^,^    Tho  nneinogmph  whif'h  I 

I  have  in  use  gives  a  pencil  tracing  of  tho  dirtmiion  of  the  wind 
for  21   hours.     I  onclose  one  for  your  inspection.     It  only  gives 

I  tho  direction  you  will  peroeivo.  The  force  ean  be  obtainod  oa 
required  liy  a  separate  instrument— such  n»  RobinnimV  anemo- 
meter. I  can  generally  form  an  idon  whothor  tho  wind  lum  botm 
blowing  high  or  gontly,  or  even  whether  it  lias  not  bc^on  an  abso* 
lute  onlm  (wr  dn  not  oftnn  have  an  abenoluto  (nrdni  in  tho  Pimjab) 
by  the  nfraightHHR  or  othurwiso  of  the  tracing.* 

'I  have  noted  with  grunt  pleasure  tlio  evidunt  interest  which 
you  take  iu  tho  profjroa«  of  Meteorological  Scioaco*  We  can  no 
moro  foretell  what  the  patitmt  pursuit  of  thit*  H^nonco  moy  dlBcloso, 
than  could  tho  past  genoration  have  antieapatud  the  woudci-ful  and 
glorious  revelations  of  geology,  mictroticHipy  tuid  oUHtrii'ity/ 

I  mil,  youis  foitlilVdlyi 
A*  K&iL. 
Profi\  Q/Amkmff  tmd  Sur^ety^  Lahore  Medkttl  Sehooi, 

MHior&logfcal  Jirporterfor  th  Pufi/ai, 

TniS  nofif'llLK  MlU  PttSAQ, 

Prnidcnt  qf  ih  Auaiic  SocUijf  of  Bmigith 


If  the  Meteorologieal  Beporior  of  tJiu  I^unjab  roaUy  entertains  the 
persuaHion^  as  hn  thorns  hero  to  iutlmnto  that  ho  i\mm,  that  by  taking 
the  two  rea<ling«  of  ttiy|ihon  baromct&r,  ho  gets  obsorvaUons»  which 

*  As  in  f  oftiti'i  Usrotntttera, 


I'ifi 


^neeedintfB  of  the  Aiiatio  Socifit^. 


[Jims, 


are  auch  os  to  free  him  from  the  obligation  to  reduce  thom  by  suoh 
corrections  as  correction  for  temperature  and  for  the  height  of  ihe  I 
place  of  obserFation  above  the  sea-levol  before  publishing,  then  it  is  I 
hardly  too  much  to  say  that  his  letter  discloses  that  which  makes  ' 
Mb  QYm  tables  altogether  untrustworthy. 


The  foUowing  papers  were  read  : — 


L — ^NoTES  ON  8KTBBJLL  ArABIC  AJ^D   PbRSIAW    DrSORTPTTOKa    BECEH^©^ 

FROM  MzMBEiis  OF  THE  SocrETY, — hy  H.  Blochmanx,  Esq.,  M,  A.,  I 

Calcutta  Madiiasah.     (Abstract.) 

Mr,  Blochmann  said, — 

Tho  inscriptions  which  I  lay  before  the  meeting  wore  received  by  | 
the  Society  in  the  course  of  last  year.  Some  of  them  were  for-  I 
worded  in  the  shape  of  rubbings,  others  were  decyphered,  by  varioual 
mcmnbera  as  Dr.  W.  Oldham,  C.  S.,  Gha2dpar ;  Mr,  J.  G.  Delmerick, 
BIwal  Pintjli;  ,Mr.  A.  Cadell,  C.  S.,  Muzaffamagar  j  Mr.  A.  8.^ 
Harrison,  Bareilly  College,  and  Mr.  A.  Oarllyle,  Agrali,  to  whom 
the  Society  owes  several  most  costly  contributions.  Oneinscrip-j 
tion  I  obtained  from  Burdwan, 

I  trust  the  members  of  onr  Society  will  continue    to    favour 
UB  with   inscriptions  and    rubbings.     These   inscriptions,   if   not] 
always  of  historical  importance,  are  yet  interesting,   and  help  his- 1 
torians   to  correct  dates  and  vorify  events,  or  settle  boundaries,  ar ' 
fill  up  gaiis—  and  this  is  especially  the  case  witli  old  Bengal  inscrip- 
tions— in  the  lisi^  of  kings. 

1,  An  imcnjdton  receiced /f^fn  Dr,  W,  OldhutK  It  refers  to  tho 
building  of  a  mosque  in  A.  D.  1527  by  a  Bengal  Amir,  who  lived] 
under  Nn^rah  Shah,  the  same  king  of  Bengal  whose  name  ckjcutsJ 
in  the  inscriptions  at  Satganw.  It  hi  on  black  basalt,  and  was  foundl 
at  Sikaudarpur,  ziFah  'Azimgarh.  The  locality  is  here  of  import- 1 
onoe. 

2.  Two   ffiicriptiom  from   Mr.    Delmerick.     One   refers   to  thoi| 
building  of  Fort  A^ak  by  Akbar  in  1583   (991,  A.  11.);  the  othe 
to  the  construction  of  the  Margalidi  Pass  by  Aiirangzib,   when  thi»  j 
empei'or  was  at  Hasan  Abdil.     It^date  is  A.  D.  1072  lA,  II.  1083), ' 


mu] 


Procudin$8  ofth  Asiatic  Samt^, 


127 


I' 
8.     JFV'awi  Mr,  A,  S,  Marrtson,     An  inscription  from  the  Mau- 
ftfileiim  of  the  famous  Rokilah  Chief  UUk  Rahmat,  and   from  tvro 
inos<iue3.     Also  au  inscription  fi^H>m  a  mosque  in  the  Mirz4i  MahuU 
lah,  Bareli,  buUt  by  Hakim   'All   of  GiHu,    a  personal  friend   of 
Akbar,  in   lo79  (or  A.  H.  987),  when  the  Hakim  waa  Faujdar  of 
BambhaL 
4.     Frofji  Mi\  A,  OadelL     Two  interesting  insfHptinns  from  the 
Mausoleums  of  two  B^irha   Sayyids  of  the  Kunrllfwal   branch,    S. 
Mahm6d  and  8.  Chhajhu,   who  served  under  Akbar.     The  latter 
died  in  1.^59-60  (A  H.  967),  the  former  in  1574  (A.  H.  982). 
^^     A  peculiar  interest  attaches  to  the  Bjirha  Sayyids,  who  up  to  the 
^present  time  form  an  important   element  in  the  population  of  the 
^^Muzafl'arnagar  District.     They  trace  their  origin  from  one  Sayyid 

IJlbiil  Farah  who  in  the  beginning  of  the  Muhanimadan  rule  immi- 
krated  from  Wilsit  into  India.  The  elan  has  received  much  atten- 
tion from  historians.  Sir  H.  Elliot  in  his  Glossary,  and  Mr.  C- 
Elliott  in  his  *  Chronicles  of  Onio,'  speak  of  them.  Mr.  B.  J.  Leeds 
lias  a  lengthy  note  in  his  Report  on  the  Castes  and  Races  of  the 
Muzaffarnagar  District,  and  Mr.  Cadell  has  forwarded  together 
•with  the  inscTiptions  several  valuable  genealogical  trees. 

The  Jijirha  Sayyids  first  served  under  Akbar,  and  though  praised 
the  histories  for  their  valour  and  firmness  in  battle,  they  were 
Qeored  at  for  their  boorish  manners.     But   under  Jahingir  they 
came  more  refined,  and  in  the  following  reigns  their  influence 
I  very  great,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  fact  that  they  made  Farrukh 
Siyar,  Ea(rutldarajat,  Rafj'uddaulah,  and  Muhammad   Shilh  em- 
Brors;    they  detlironed  and  killed  Jahilnddr  Shah  and  Farrukh 
jjiyar,  whom  they  had  blinded  ;  and  they  blinded  and  imprisoned 
rinces  A'azzuddin,  'All  Tabir,  and  Hum^yun  Bakht. 
5.     From  Mr.  A,   Carllyh,     Several  inscriptions  from  tombs  in 
the  old  cemetery  at  Agrah.     They  do  not  refer  to  persons  histori- 
cally known,  but  are  distinguished  by  their  elegant  versos.     Also 
an  inscription  from  the  Ajmiri   gate   in  Agrah.    It  refers  to  the 
bmlding  of  a  mosque  by  one  Haji   Bulaiman,   in   1031   A.  H.,  or 
A,  D,  1622. 

I  draw  the  attention  of  the  meeting  to  the  beauty  of  tlie  letters  ; 
,  Carllyle  is  a  master  in  taking  rubbings. 


12^ 


rr$C€€difigB  o/th  Jaintie  Socieiif, 


[JmrB, 


6.     The  last  injBcriptioii  I  have  received  from  Bardwdn.     It  stands 
over  the  tomb  of  a  Persian  poet,  Bahr^m  Darvisb  Saijqfi.  Our  library 
has  a  copy  of  his  works.     HewaaafaqSr,  and  wandered  about  th&j 
streets  of  Agrah  as  a  bhishti  di&pensing  water  among  the  poor.  Hf/nc© 
also  his  nom-cle*pliime|  Saqqd,  a  bhishti.  He  is  mc^iilioned  in  works  ia  ^ 
Persian  literature,  and  it  is  stated  that  he  died  on  his  way  to  Ceylon. 
His  tomb  was  discovered  at  Bardwan  by  the  Persian  writer  Khush- , 
go.    From  the  inseription  it  appears  that  Saqqa  died  at  Bardwto  I 
in  A.  D*  1574,  or  A,  H.  982,     Poeple  often  pray  at  his  tomb. 

Within  his   shrine  is  also   the   tomb   of  Sher  Afkan,  Jdgfrdir  of] 
Bardwan  in  A.  B.  1 606,  whom  Jaliangir   had   killed,    in  ordor   to| 
maiTy  his  beautiful  wife,  Mihnmnisa,  to  whom  he  gave  the  title  cl 
Nnr  Malmll,  and  later  that  of  Nur  Jahfin. 

The  tombs  of  Bahrani  Saqqd  and  Sh^^r  Afkan  are  the  historioal^ 
mights  of  Bardwan. 


MEM0RA2fDUM  ON    THE    ToTAL    EcLIPSB  OF   DbcR.    11.12,    18?1, 

*y  LiEUT.^CoL.  J.  F.  Teka'ant,  U.  E.,  F.  R.  8. 

In  December  of  this  year  we  have  a  Total  E^^hpse  visible 
in  Southern  India.  The  duration  is  short,  but  in  some  respects 
the  circumstances  are  very  favouralile,  as  tho  Lino  of  central 
Eclipse  passes  over  the  NUgherry  Hills,  where  I  rinderfitiuid  tine 
weather  may  be  confidently  expected.  In  order  to  be  prepared, 
I  have  computed  carefully  the  Central  Line  across  India,  and  have 
addled  tlio  extent  to  which  errors  of  tho  Tabular  place  of  the  moon 
may  be  expected  to  sluft  it,  In  the  following  Table  ^a  represents  the 
excess  of  the  Moon's  time  above  the  Tobular  Eight  Ascension  in 
time,  and  AS  the  excess  of  the  Tabular  above  the  true  8  declination. 

I  hope  to  have  before  the  Eclipse  a  knowlerlge  what  en'ors  may. 
be  anticipated  in  the  Tables  and  thus  bo  in  a  position  to  choose 
central  spot,  if  it  is  worth  making  a  change.  The  figures,  howevorj 
show  that  this  is  not  probable,  the  principal  result  of  an  error 
Right  Ascension  being  to  shift  the  Centre  of  tho  Shadow  along  : 
path  the  deviation  from  whicli  would  bo  corro<!tedby  a  amaU  error  i 
the  declination  >v'hich  could  hurdly  be  foreseen* 


1    1871.] 

■ 

BMMpt  <{/*  a#  A9iaii0  S^eMy.                      12$^        H 

I 

The      duration    of     the        ^H 

3 

Eclipse  will  bd  small*    At        ^| 

«  W  *t"  rt  -^  »«  «D  t^  ift  o>  QO 

"^ 

the  Nilgherries  it  will  be        ^H 

M 

C4  OlS  <0  ^'  05  ^  C  d  1-4  ^'  c«j 

about  2  minntes,    but    thin         ^H 

P 

[Mill I++++ 

caimot,  so  far  as  I  know,  be         ^| 

4 

< 

<lDaOd)tDii3aoeQOxoe<tO 

as  yet  accurately  predicted        ^H 

•6 

ii-om  uncertainty  as   to  the         ^H 

g 

>"     ♦          »          .     , 

real  diameters  of  the   Bun         ^| 

t2 

>^  rs  ,3C.  3C'  i.o  •-  :-j  -f*  iri  as  ^i 

C   ^  rs    -   *-*  Ir^  30  O  '^-l  O  -^ 

5i  1":  '^  z  ^'  rt  ^ri  2  ^-  3C(  oo 

and  moon,  when   free  &om         ^M 

1 

S 

H 

"M    -1  CI   CI  /rj    Tl   ri   '^l  ^   r-^   rH 

+++++++++++ 

i£  «  3^  M  C  r*  7*  op  »  -^  <N 
™  iO  W5  M  O  t>  ^  <M  CO  «  lO 

the  enlargement  by  irradi-  ^M 
tion«  If  the  value  of  the  ^H 
moon* 8  diameter  deduced  ^M 
by  Oudemaua  Irom  EclipseSj         ^H 

1 

i 

be  used  with  that  of  tho  Sun         ^H 

H 

t>.  t*  1>  1:-*  t*  1>  l>  l-*  t*  l>  00 

obtained  in  the  Greenwich         ^M 

H 

CO 

Transit  Circle,  then  I  End         H 

^p 

o 

1 

the  duration    in   tho    Nil^         ^H 

■ 

% 

ghenies    just     2    minutes.          ^M 

1 

"8 

t^^SSSSSSS^Sfi 

The    data  of  the  Nautical         ^M 

^^H 

§ 

—t  .35  X  b^  CC  0  0  •»''  ^  -*  TO 
t>  *^  0  >©  Ci.  •*?  to  -J  5fi  :0  'JD 

Almanac  give  2  minutes  7          ^H 

H 

^ 

+-^++++^-++++ 

socouds,  and  if  I  may  judge         ^H 

H 

« 

from   the    result   I   got   in         ^H 

1 

•(l 

1868  tho  real  duration  will          ^M 

1 

►J 

j3 

^' ..** 

fall  butweeu  these.                          ^H 

P 

1 

0  -rF-  ff^  -H  0  -*  CT>  C-l  t-*  00  *H[ 
£1  ?i  r!  0  ri  t^  iM  jj  0  ^  0 
**  ^  0  0  OS  aiD  X  t*  !'•  r»  i» 

bhort  as  this^  time  is,  it  is          ^M 

Sz; 

r-t  r-t  •-•  .-• 

1  1  1  t  1  M  1  1  1  1 

*    '?-1  t-.  SO  0  CI  0  0  00  ©1  ^ 
G>  0  CO         t/S  t  if3  »^  M  lO  0 

enough  with  an  adequate  ^M 
preparation  to  x^roduuosomo          ^H 

residta  of  value.     It  is  long         ^M 

^2SSS25S*^5S 

enough    to     allow     Photo-         H 

££s:;3t:it::ss 

graphs  to  be  taken  of  the         H 

1 

eooj^i^^^ggg^^i 

Coronal  as  to  whose  structure  ^H 
there  is  more  to  be  diseover*  H 
ed.     There   seems  now   no           ^M 

p 

1, 

3 

■4 

i 

sort  of  doubt  that  the  Corona         ^^ 

a 

e;: 

is  not  only  a  Solar  ap[)fc)n-         ^H 

k 

1 

V 

4 

^ 

dage^  but  is,  as  I  stated  iJi        ^M 

liio 


ProceedingB  ef  the  Asiatic  So^iity* 


[Jr^K^ 


Tiij  Boport  on  the  Eclipse  of  1868,  the  comparativoly  cold 
atmosphere  of  the  Sun*  This  ehoiild  be  farther  spectrosoo- 
pic^lly  examined.  Observers  hare  differed  about  the  number  and 
position  of  the  faint  bright  lines  they  have  seen,  but  it  does  not 
seem  that  any  one  has  connected  the  variations  with  the  position 
of  the  part  examined.  To  do  this  appears  urgently  necossaiy,  and 
there  have  been  additions  made  to  the  spectroscope  which  will 
allow  more  than  one  portion  of  the  Corona  to  be  examined,  and 
itB  lines  recorded  during  the  short  time  it  is  visible. 

There  Is  another  subject  too  of  8pe<;troseopic  examinatioQ.  ICireh- 
holl"  in  his  theory  of  the  solar  constitution  supposed  it  surrounded 
by  an  extensive  atmosphere  consisting  of  metallic  and  other  vapours, 
as  well  as  gases,  by  the  absorption  of  which  the  dark  Fraunhofer 
lines  were  produced.  It  has  long  been  clear  that  there  waa  no 
such  extensive  atmosphere  and  some  physicists  have  been  eatisEed 
that  there  is  none  such.  Mr.  Lockyer  and  his  collaborateurSi 
though  they  have  detected  a  greater  nimiber  of  bright  lines  at  the 
bases  uf  Uie  prominences,  have  never  approached,  so  far  as  I  knoWi 
tho  number  of  even  the  conspicuous  dark  lines,  whose  explanation 
has,  therefore,  not  been  satisfactorily  made  out.  At  the  Eclipse  of  , 
December  22,  1870,  however,  Professor  Young  at  the  moment  of  | 
obscuration,  and  for  one  or  two  seconds  later,  aaw  as  far  as  he  | 
could  judge  every  atmospheric  line  reversed,  and  this  was  con- 
firmed by  Mr.  Pye.  I  have  but  the  scant  information  of  this 
point  given  in  the  Royal  Astronomical  Society's  Council  Report, 
but  it  is  BuHicient  to  show  me  why  thie^  has  not  been  seen  before 
by  observers  looking  out  for  it,  and  also  to  make  me  feel  the  im- 
portance of  verifying  the  observation. 

To  understand  why  it  has  not  been  seen  before,  it  must  be  eon* 
sidered  that  the  imago  of  a  bright  object  in  the  focus  of  a  Tele- 
scope  when  relieved  against  comparative  darkness  is  enlarged  by  a 
phenomenon   known  as   irradiation;  the  light  encroaches  on  th^l 
darkness.     The  sun  thus  appears  larger   aud   the   moon   sniallei?} 
than  the  real  size*     This  continues  till  the  real  contact  of  tho  UmbflJ 
internally ;  at  this  moment  the  thread  of  light,  which  pre\*iously  hadl 
ooDftlderable    width,  appears  suddenly  broken   and  vanishes  in  a 
Total  Eelix)8e :  while  in  the  Transit  of  a  Planet  or  Annular  Eclipse 


1871.] 


PrQCt>edtnffit  o/l/m  Astatk  SaeiHtj. 


:n 


I 


ere  appears  th©  **  black  drop* 

the  obscsrvera  of  the  Transit  of 

enos  in  1769.     At  A  in  this- 

gure  I   hare    onrloavonrod   to] 

ivQ  somG  idea  of  this  plienome- 

jon  in  an  Annular  Eelipse,  and  ^; 

it  page  16,  Vol  XX  tX,    of  the  | 

onthly    notices   of  the    Astro- 

omieal   Society   will   be   found 

iome  figures  illusti^ating  this  in 

Planetary  Transit.  When  we  are  doaluig  witii  m  tiiiu  a  stratum 
surrounding  the  true  Photosphere,  we  cannot  seo  it  in  suriiihitie, 
as  it  ia  lost  in  the  iiTadiation,  (it  may  be  partly  visible  in  \ery 
large  Telescopes  where  the  irradiation  ia  veiy  smaU),  and  we 
are  veiy  apt  to  lose  it  at  the  moment  when  the  sun  disappears,  for 
it  18  found  only  between  the  places  where  a  mumunt  before  the 
Sun  a  Moon's  limb  appeared,  so  that  the  observer  following  either 
of  them  might  well  miss  it. 

In  the  search  for^  and  verification  of  tliia  important  obserration, 
the  duration  of  Total  phase  can  matter  little. 

I  have  been  in  communication  with  the  Home  Secretary  on  the 
subject  of  observations  of  this  Eclipse,  and  my  views  I  may  say 
have  been  moat  cordially  received.  X  am  not  yet  in  a  position  to 
Bubmit  a  proposition  officially,  but  I  have  great  hopes  of  being  able 
to  do  so  in  a  few  days** 

P.  B.^ — I  may  just  mention  that  in  plotting  the  Shadow  Track  on 
a  map  it  is  necessary  to  allow  ff>r  the  error  of  its  zero  of  Longitude, 
a  precaution  often  forgotten.  The  Longitudes  of  the  G*  T-  Siirvoy 
require  a  corret^tion  of  3'- 2".  7",  and  those  of  the  Atlas  of  India  on© 
of  4*-l  I'  to  adjust  them  to  the  aceeptud  Longitude  of  Madras, 

Tlio  President  was  very  glad  to  learn  from  Col.  Tennant  that 
the  Government  is  likely  to  sanction  a  ecientiiic  ejcpeditiou  to  the 
Nilgherries  on  the  oocoaion  of  the  Total  Eclipse  in  Decemb^ 
next.  The  objects  to  wliich  CoL  Tttunant  proposed  to  direct  obser- 
vation were,  he  need  hardly  say,  of  very  groat  ecientific  interest 
and  importance*  Tho  spectroscopic  analysis  of  the  Corona,  so  fnr 
*  This  Uttf  filiicQ  b€ea  cIquc, 


Mi 


Proeredirtf^i  of  the  Aiiatie  8m0fy. 


[JtTN 


as  it  liad  yet  been  e£fQctod,  Had  boen  productire  of  no  very  certftu 
roBults,     TliG  matter  could  not,  however,  be  in  better  bands  tha 
Uiose  of  Col.   Tennant.     He    only  wished  to  suggest  that   thoa 
members  of  the  Society,  who  might  have  the  recj^uisite  leisure  tind^ 
opportunity,    should,    even  witb  the   unaided   eye,   endeavour   to 
observe  as  carefully  as  po&sible   the   exact   apparent   ahapo   and 
characteristics  of  the  Corona.     He  believed  that  data  of  very  con- ' 
aidurable  value  might  be  thus  obtained  by  persouB,  who  knew  how 
to  observe.  1 

Later  in  the  evening  Col.  Tennant  kindly  consented  to  draw  up 
some  short  directions  which  might  serve  as  a  guide  to  members  of 
the  Society  who  might  visit  localities  of  tho  Total  Ellipse. 

m. — Notes  ox  ihiiee  DfscRiPTioirs  found  in  CnirriA'  Na'opxt'b^  i 
Ba'bit  Rakhal  Das  IIaxdar, 

Mr.  Blochmann  road  exh'acts  from  the  paper,  which  will  be  pub*J 
lishod  in  the  second  number  of  the  philological  part  of  the  Journal* 
The   Inscriptions   are   in  Sanscrit   and   Hindi,  of  the  yeai's  A,  D, 
]665,  1668,  and    1737.     In   one   of  them  (A.    D.  1665),  aChutii^ 
Nigpur  Hajah  of  the  name  of  Raghimath  is  mentioned. 

Mr.  Bloclimann  said— Babd  Rakhal  Das  Haldar  remarks  on  the 
absence  of  authenticated  historical  information  regarding  Chutia 
NAgpiir.  Muhammadan  historians  certainly  give  very  little  to 
enable  us  to  verify  the  details  of  the  family  history  of  the  Hajahs* 
I  have,  however,  collected  the  scattered  notices  which  are  found  in 
the  liistorical  works  of  the  Mughid  period,  not  only  regarding 
Chutia  Nigpur,  but  alBO  Pachet  and  Paldmau,  and  trust  they  may 
tki'ciw  some  bght  on  the  history  of  these  districts* 

The  notices  are  taken  from  the  Akharndmah  (Lucknow  edition 
m.,  pp.  491,  G41),  the  Tuzuk  i  J&hdn^it'i  (Sayyid  Ahrnad's  edition/ 
p,  155) ;  the  Pinihhdhfhmah  (I  ,  b.,  p.  317 ;  11.,  pp.  248  to  250,  and 
356  to  361);  and  the  ^ Alamgirmimah  (pp.  G49  to  6G0,  and  p.  072),; 
A  few  additional  notes  maybe  gathered  from  Sarishtahdar  Qrant'fl 
essay  on  Bengal  and  BUiar  Finances  inthoYth  Report. 

Tlie  extracts  will  l»e  published  in  the  Journal.     They  refer  to| 
the  first  invasion  of  Chutia  Nagi^iir  (or  Kokrah,  as  it  is  ctdlod,) 
under  JShahba^  Kh6n  iCombUi  one  of  Akbai^^s  generals,  in  iL  D 


Procmlmf^s  of  fh$  AnaUe  Soeuiy. 


laa 


I 


1585^  wliGn  Madlin  Bingh  was  zatniudap  of  Kofcrah,  and  to  tlio 
second  invaBiou,  in  1616,  under  Ibnkhim  IvLfiu  FatL-jung,  governor 
of  Bihar,  wlio  defeated  Rajak  Durjun  8&1.  There  aro  also  some 
notes  on  the  diamond  washings  as  then  carried  on  in  th&  Biv^er 
8ttnk. 

Regarding  Pachet  we  have  a  short  notice  of  Eiijah  Bir  Naraini 
who  died  in  A.  H,  1042-43,  or  A.  D.  1632-33. 

The  extracts  regarding  Palamau  refer  to  the  invasions,  in  A.  D. 
1641  and  1643,  by  Shaiatah  iCliAn  and  Zabardast  Klian,  when 
Prritab,  son  of  Bolbhadr,  the  Chero,  and  Tij  B^u,  his  usurping 
Uncle,  were  Eajuhs*  PraMb  was  afterwards  reinstated,  and  was 
Btill  alive  in  1G47.  The/awa'  of  Paldmau  was  then  B,  250,OUO, 
and  iXiB peshkaih  which  tlie  Bajahs  had  to  pay  to  Shabjah^'s  trea* 
siirj,  was  fixed  at  a  lac  of  rupees.  The  *Aiamffinidtnah  says  that  the 
the  Raj tdis  did  not  regularly  pay  the  pefthkash  ;  and  in  16fil,  the 
fourth  year  of  Attrangzib's  reign,  Daud  Khin,  governor  of  Bihar, 
was  ordered  to  invade  the  district.  Of  this  expedition  we  have  am- 
pie  detailfl.  The  result  was  that  the  fort^  Deokan,  Ko^'hi,  and 
Kimdah,  were  occupied,  and  Palimau  itself  was  taken  by  storm  on 
the  1 4th  December,  1661,  when  tlio  then  Elijah,  whosD  name  ianot 
given,  had  to  submit  to  the  appointment  of  an  imperial  Faujdir. 
TIiG  first  Faujddr,  Mankli  Kh^,  remained  at  Pol&mau  for  a  few  I 
years. 

rV. — Ok  soatE  new  species  of  Persux  bats,  By  G*  E*  DoBsoir, 
B.  A.,  M.  B*  Amttmt  Surgeon  II.  M.'a  BriiUh  Forces 

(Abstract.) 

Mr,  Pobson  introduced  to  the  notice  of  the  Society  two  new 
species  of  Persian  bats.    One  of  the  species  is  the  typo  of  a  now 

genua  of  Wtmohphine  bats,  and  its  discovery  leads  to  the  nece.^ity 
of  forming  for  its  reception  a  new  group,  as  the  chtira^fters  given 
by  Dr.  Gray  of  the  four  groups  into  whidi  he  divides  the  Emo- 
lophida^*  do  not  admit  of  its  being  placed  in  any  one  of  tliem. 

The  nasal   appendages   aro  very  complicatod,  the  autwHor  por- 
tion of  tho  nose-leaf    is  horse-shoe    ahaped^   uonaidting  of  two 


•  Prgc.  Zool,  Soc  1866. 


l-M 


Prmwditi^n  of  the  A^mtie  S(*e*ity* 


[JuiTB, 


lantiniB  j  the  upper,  overlying  lamina  deeply  omargiaate  in  front,  I 
th&  opposite  aides  of  the  emargination  turned  upwardSj  and  sup- 1 
porting  the  anterior  portion  of  a  broad,  flat,  longitudinal  crest 
whitrh  ends  in  a  triangular* hoad  above  and  between  the  nostrils. 
The  hinder  portion  of  the  nose*leaf  arises  from  a  thick  root  imme- 
diately belxind  the  nostrils  ;  the  base  is  hollow  containing  a  single 
cell,  the  opening  to  which  is  guarded  by  a  lanceolate  process  of 
membrane.  The  crest  is  trident  shaped,  consisting  of  a  central, 
lanceolate  process,  similar  to  that  below,  but  longer,  and  two 
lateral  and  somewhat  broader  projections^  parallel  to  it,  and 
nearly  equal  to  it  in  length.  On  each  side  of  this  hinder 
nose-leaf  are  six  cells  of  which  one  is  situated  behind  and  at  ita 
side,  immodiatvly  above  the  eye,  occupying  the  position  of  the 
minuto  pores  observed  in  nearly  all  the  animals  of  Gray's  2nd 
group. 

The  form  of  the  ears,  and  the  place  of  attachment  of  the  outer  , 
margin  are  also  remarkable,  as  well  as  the  pocuL'ar  shape  of  the  I 
bones  of  the  arm  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  elbow  joint. 

For  the  new  genus  Mr.   Dobson  proposes  the  name   lyi^tnopi^ 
and  for  the  species  p&rsicui. 


Dentition. — In.  —  ,  c. 
4  * 


pm. 


—  2  3  —  3 


m. 


2— 2'  ~  3—3' 
Length  of  head  and  body  2^25  ;  toil  V.2  ;  forearm*  2''.0. 
The  second  new  species  belongs  to  the  genus  Ptpistreilus^  Gray* 
It  approaches  P,  ierotmus,  but  differs  from  it  in  the  shape  of  the  ' 
tragus,  colour  of  the  fur,  &c, — Ears  large,  triangular,  outer  margin 
faintly  hollowed  out  bolow  the  tip,  and  omarginate  opposite  the 
base  of  the  tragus,  terminating  by  forming  a  small  lobe  j  tragus 
rather  long  with  subacute,  rounded  tip,  and  almost  straight  Inner 
margin ;  fur  above  dirtj^  bult  beneath  pale  buff. 


Dentition, — In. 


2—2 


pm. 


1—1 


3—3 


,  m. 


6     '   ^~'     2—2'""  3—3 

The  minute  upper  pre-molar,  placed  inside  the  line  of  the  teeth, 
so  commonly  seen  in  the  species  of  the  genus  to  which  tliis  bat 
belong®,  is  not  discernible  in  either  of  the  two  specimens  brought  I 
from  Persia,  ♦ 

Length  of  head  and  body  2^8  ;  taU  2^0 ;  forearm  2''/2. 


1871.]  Proceed ings  of  th^  Asiatic  Society.  1.15 

The  specimens  were  obtained  at  an  elevation  of  47/50  foot  near 
Sfairaz  in  Persia ;  Mr.  Dobson  accordingly  proposes  for  tlio  now 
species  the  name  "  ShiraziemisJ*^ 

A  full  account  of  these  new  species,  with  notes  on  some  others 
from  the  same  region,  will  appear  in  Part  II,  of  the  Journal. 

V. — Names  of  birds  &c.  in  fouk  of  the  ABomoiyAL  lanouages 
OF  Western  Bengal,  hy  V.  Ball,  Enq, 

This  paper  gives  a  •  list  of  names  of  a  groat  number  of  birds 
and  other  animals  in  four-  of  the  languages  which  are  spoken 
by  the  different  aboriginal  tribes  in  Western  Bengal.  A  com- 
parison of  the  names  shews  that,  as  a  rule,  there  is  a  great 
difiPerence  in  the  designations  of  wild  animals  in  the  various 
languages  noticed,  while  on  the  contrary  the  names  of  the  do- 
mesticated animals  are,  as  in  most  other  languages,  derived  from 
the  same  root.  Tliis  paper  will  bo  published  in  the  Philological 
part  of  the  Journal  for  the  current  year. 

The  receipt  of  the  following  commimications  was  announced. 

On  the  Death  of  Ifumdyun,  by  C.  J.  Rogers,  Esq. 

LegenSk  and  UcUlads  of  the  District  of  Bhagalpur^  by  Bdhu  Hash 
Behari  Bose. 

Antiquities  of  Jdjpur^  by  Bfibu  Ch.  Sikhur  Bannerji,  Tumlook. 

An  account  of  the  antiquities  of  Jesar-Tshicaripury  by  Babu  Hash 
Behari  Bose,  Banka. 

Library. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  tJie  Library  since 
the  meeting  hehl  in  May  last : — 

Presentations, 
<i%  Names  of  donors  in  Capitals. 
Proceedings   of  the  Royal   Society,   vol.    XIX,  No.  126. — Tub 
Royal  Society  or  London. 

Proceedings,  parts  I-II,  for  1870: — Transactions,  vol.  VIII, 
parts  III-V. — TuE  Zoolooic.u^Society  of  London. 

Monatsbericht,  Febr.,  Mrorz,  1871.— K.  Akademie  der  Wissbn- 

BCUAFIEN  ZU  BeBLIN. 


JM 


Proaeding^  of  the  Adntic  Bncief^, 


[Tmm, 


SJtzimgsl>©riehte,  1870.  Heft  I-IV  :— Bonlvschrift  aiif  Chriat. 
Erioli  Hermann  von  Meyer,  von  Carl*  A.  Zittel. — Konol»   bayes* 

AkaDEMIB  DEK  WiaaEXSOHAFTEN    ZU  MlIKCHEN. 

DLseorso  del  Commre  Negri  Cristoforo- — SociETA  Geoorafioa 

ItALlAlfA. 

Historical  and  Statistieal  Memoir  of  the  Ghazeepoor  Diatriot,  by 
W.  OltJlham,  B.  C.  8.,  LL.  D,  part  I.— The  Author. 

The  Topography  of  the  Moghiil  Empire  aa  known  to  the  Dutcli 
in  1031,  by  E.  Lethbridge. — The  Author. 

English   Legislation  for  India,  by  A.  M,  Broadley,  C,  S. — Tub 

AUTHOE. 

Guhsar^-Kashmir,  by  Kriparam. — ^Tme  AirrsoR, 

Mat€*riala  towards  the  Bionogi'aph  of  the  Gad$mid*Bf  by  W.  H, 
Ball : — ^Eemarks  on  the  Anatomy  of  the  Genus  Stphmarm^  by 
W.  H.  Pall.— The  Author, 

Pas'upl^'amoksha^iam,  by  Eadhamohana  Sona, — Ba'bu  Ea'ma- 
DA^eA  Sena. 

Memoirs  of  tbo  Geological  Survey  of  India,  vol.  Vii  part  3  : — 
Palnoontologia  Indiea,  vol.  IH,  Nos.  5-8. — The  Superintenbent 
OF  THE  Geological  Survey  of  IrmLA.. 

Abstract  of  Proceedings  of  tho  Muhammadan  literary  goeiety  of 
Calcutta. — The  M,  Literary  Society* 

Report  on  tho  Land  Revenue  Administration  of  the  Lower 
Provinces,  1869-70, — Tite  GovERNaiENT  of  Bengal. 

Records  of  tho  Geologioal  8urvey  of  India,  vol.  IV,  part,a  I-H. — 
Tho  Leepeedeepeeka.^ General  Report  on  the  Adraiuistration  of 
the  Bombay  Preddency,  1869-70. — The  Govkritkent  of  India, 

Furchme, 

The  Westminster  Review,  April  1871. — The  Annala  and  Ma- 
gazine of  Natural  History,  No  XL.— The  L.  E.  &  D,  Philoao- 
phical  Magazine,  No.  273. — Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,  Janr, 
Fevr.,  Mars,  187U — Comptes  Rendus,  Nos.  l-12,^Hewitson*» 
Exotic  Butterflies,  part  78. — Roovo's  Conchologia  Iconiea,  parts 
286,  287.— Cheref-Ntimeh,  vol.  I,  part  II.— Ibn-El-Athin  vol  V. 

Tlie  Athenajujn  for  Man/h.  1870. 
The  Nature,  Nos.  76—79, 


Errata  in  the  two  last  numbers  of  *  Proceedings,^ 

On  page  lOG,  lino  23  from  above  road  *  tail,  r.2'  for  '  tail  0^6.' 

„     Cyntmycieris  for  Cynonycterus, 
„     ifori. 

„     *  Ban  and  moon's  limbs'  for 
'  sun  a  moon's  Hmb.' 

„     <  — 4'-ll  'for  U'-ll  .' 
„     after  In.  -j-  insert  C.  j^T- 


99 

w  ■ 

lUf  y 

99 

A 

99 

99 

»» 

»> 

99 

19 

99 

99 

99 

»> 

99 

131, 

99 

17 

99 

99 

» 

99 

99 

99 

29 

99 

99 

99 

99 

99 

99 

30 

99 

99 

» 

99 

134, 

99 

30 

99 

99 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THB 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OP  BENGAL 

Fob  July,  1871. 

— ♦— 

The  montlily  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday 
the  5th  instant,  at  9  p.  m. 

The  Hon'ble  Mr,  Justice  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were   read  and  conErmed. 

Presentations  were  announced — 

1.  From  Eev.  J.  Long, — A  copy  of  'Historical  Notice  con- 
cerning Calcutta  in  the  days  of  Job  Chamock.' — A  copy  of  the 
*  Holy  Bible  in  short-hand.' — A  copy  of  *  Outlines  of  Amharic,' 
by  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Blumh£u*dt. — A  copy  of  a  *  Manual  of  Geo- 
graphy in  Maharatti,*  vol.  II,  by  Major  T.  Candy. — A  copy  of  the 
Parsee  Acts,  by  Sarabjoe  Shapoorjee  Bengalee. — A  copy  of  the 
Phonetic  Journal  for  1864. 

2.  From  Eev.  C.B.Lewis, — A  copy  of  the  Christian  Spectator, 
Vol.  I.,  No.  L 

The  Council  reported  that  they  have  elected  Col.  J.  F.  Tennant 
as  Member  of  Council  and  Financial  Secretary,  in  place  of  Col. 
H.  Hyde,  proceeding  on  leave. 

Also,  that  Mr.  J.  Beames,  C.  S.,  has  resigned  the  task  of  editing 
Chand's  poems. 

The  following  gentlemen  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
meeting  were  elected  Ordinary  Members — 

J.  R.  Reid,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

J.  Smith,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

E.  W.  Oates,  Esq.,  C.  E. 

Col.  0.  Hamilton. 

C.  T.  Buckland,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Khalifah  Sa^jid  Muhammad  Hasan,  Frime-Miuistor  to  H.  H. 
the  Mah^jah  of  Patialah. 


Tlie  following;  is  a  candidate  for  ballot  at  the   next  meeting — 
Babd  Ganga  Prasdd,  Deputy  Colloctor  of  Moraddbati,  proposed 

ly   Mftuluvi  Abdullatif  Kh6n,  Bab&diu-,  seconded   by  Babu  Bd- 

jendralila  Mitra. 

Lieut.  W.  A.  J.  Wallace  has  iutimated  his  desiro  to  witlidraw 

from  the  Society. 

Tlie  following  communications  were  read : — 

L — Obseevatiokb  oka  Pebsiak  MS.  ok  the  Luna  of  the  Twelve 

Apostles,  by  Jiiboiis  Xatiee, — bt^  H.  Bloghmann,  Esa.,  M.  A-, 

Calcutta  MADitAaAH. 

At  the  meeting  held  in  May  last  year,  I  laid  before  tlie  Society 
a  rare  and  cnriona  Persian  MS.,  entitled  Mirdt-ul  Qud*.  It  was  a 
life  of  CLrist,  written  by  Jerome  Xavier,  nephew  to  the  renowned 
Francis  Xavier,  and  deditated  by  him  to  the  Emperor  Akbar. 

The  sequel  to  this  work  kas  now  turned  up.  The  MS.  before 
the  meeting  is  a  hijitory  of  the  lives  of  the  twelve  apostles  by  the 
same  author.  The  copy  belongs  to  the  Seram|Hjre  CuUoge  Libra- 
ry, and  seems  to  bo  unir^ue.  From  a  remark  in  the  book,  it 
appears  that  it  was  composed  in  1608  A^  D.,  the  third  year  of 
Jah^gir^s  reign.  The  first  chapter,  however,  the  life  of  St.  Peter^ 
was  evidently  written  eoilier,  as  the  Latin  ti-anelation  of  it  by  the 
celebrated  Ludovicue  de  Bieu  of  Leyden  speaks  of  it  aa  a  distinot 
work,  and  mentions  A.  D.  1600  as  the  year  in  which  it  was  writ^j 
ten. 

In  point  of  Btyle,  both  works  exliibit  the  same  features.     Th 
sentences  run  smoothly  and  are  occasionally  elegant.     We  mayJ 
therefore,  conclude  that  Maulani  'Abdussattar  of  Labor,  who  assiat 
ed  J.  Xavier  in  the  Mirdt-ul  Qnds^  also  superintended  the  translation 
of  the  sequel. 

Jn  the  preface,  J.  Xavier  dedicates  the  work  to  Jahangir.     Hej 
says — 

**  As  the  history  of  the  life  of  Christ  was  written  during  the 
reign  of  his  late  Majesty  'Arsh-ashyiiiii  Joialuddjn  Akbarshih, 
and  was  dedicated  to  hiui,  receiving  from  him  the  title  of  Mirat-ul 
QmUt  so,  from  motives  of  gratitude,  has  this  history  of  the  twelve 
apostles  ♦  *  ♦  *  been  written  in  honour  of  his  Majesty  the  present 


1B7I.] 


Pracfi^dinffi  of  tJ^  Atiaiio  B&tiet^. 


139 


^H  euro 


emperor,  the  successor  in  power  and  dignity,  tlio  true  son  and  heir 
of  the  late  emperor,  the  light  of  the  dynasty  that  rules  over  the 
ideal  and  worldly  kingdoms,  the  Qdnih-qiran  (Lord  of  the  auspi- 
cious conjunction),  and  will,  1  hope^  meet  with  hia  approyal,  and 
receive  a  name  from  his  Majeaty,  the  shadow  of  God  oa  earth," 

Thus  we  see  that  the  title  of  the  foiiner  work,  the  Mlrdi-ul  Quda 
was  given  by  Akbar ;  but  there  is  no  record  to  show  that  Jahlngir, 
whose  indifference  to  everything,  save  superstition,  is  well  knowiii 
conferred  a  title  upon  the  lives  of  the  twelve  apostles. 

The  work  itself  calls  for  no  furtlior  remark.  The  Bev.  C.  B. 
Lewis  has  lately  written  a  review  of  it  in  the  Christian  Spectator, 
July,  187L  J,  Xavier'a  life  of  St.  Thomas  contains  nothing  now. 
His  mission  to  king  Gondapherus  of  Hiadiistin  and  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Nestorian  Christians  in  the  south  of  India  are  related 
in  several  works.  The  name  of  the  king  has  boon  compared  to  that 
of  king  Gondophares  who  occurs  on  Bactrian  coins.  (Prinsep's 
Antiquities  by  Thomas,  U,  p.  214), 

We  know  from  Muhammadan  historians  (Badioni)  that  Akbar's 
80D8  received  lessons  in  the  Christian  religion;  and  the  Dutch 
traveller  De  Lact  {De  Imperio  Magni  MotjoHs^  p.  271)  tells  us  that 
Jfthangir  ordered  the  sons  of  his  younger  brother  Prince  Danyiil 
to  be  baptized  and  instructed  in  Christianity^  not  because  he 
eared  for  the  reUgion,  but  because  he  wished  hU  nepfmQg  to  appear 
icahte  in  the  ei/es  of  hii  Mnhaininadan  court ien,^ 

Copies  of  both  Persian  works  by  Jerome  Xavier  have  been  mado 
for  the  Library  of  the  Society, 


*  Jam  fiDte  retnlimna  Begem  qQnm  nn^orem  n&tn  filiiim  Goiiiro  [Khuama} 
Biinnri  una  fiHo  Solt&QO  Gorm  [nuuc  Xu  Zialiun,  i,  <«  SnltAn  KhtiiTam,  iiow 
Sbfthjiklidn]  oommittereti  null  oommiBflisse  fiiitrii  siii  DUaa  CIm  |  Odiiydl  Shah] 
qui  Bamtnpnre  disoesaerat  filloa,  Xa-Etbiuiorem  el  Xn-Hoa^ti  [SIj^U  TAhnturiia 
ftni  Sbah  Hg^hau^],  qnoa  in  ipsa  paariLia  Jeauitia  oommiaerat  baptlxanduA  ot 
GKristianth  relixioiie  jmbnendoaj  non  qoad  GlmstiaQae  religioui  fav^oretf  sod 
vt  paeroa  Mahometanla  mvlaoa  faooret  i  et  eadom  levitate  a  fido  CbriaUana 
rarsua  ahatrazei-at. 

I  may  rocntkm  that  a  notice  of  the  first  part  of  De  La^t'a  work  (the  goo- 
graphtcul  portioDs)  lately  nppeared  iu  the  Caloatta  Hov^iew  by  Mr,  Lcsthbrtdgo 
of  tUe  Hugh  CulldgQ.  The  second  part  of  De  Lust's  work,  Ibo  bistori- 
col  portioiij  i»  also  ictcrestiDg  and  Talnablo,  and  doaervet  to  bo  traiia* 
lated  Hid  remarka  on  Jahaiigir'a  Man^abdilra  and  their  Mangnbe,  on  Khaaran'^ 
tnurdor  by  Sh^hjahftD,  the  last  fi|<ht  with  'Daman,  on  Abiilfaxt^a  dt»atlt  at  ttm 
band  of  Hiiah  Bir  Sinffh  Batidelnh  (wrougly  oalladin  aeaily  all  printed  bulonea 
Ifor  Singh)  desorre  the  aitentien  of  biatoriauo. 


IJO 


rroct*eiJm(fA  of  tfte  A/tttftc  Svnfh/,  [J^I*1 


II. — Notes  un  hik  Aklaii  Ujamhitai*,^ — hr/  Ba'liu  Ea'jeniiiiala'c 

(Abstract.) 

After  aclvorting  to  the  imitution  of  the  Yajur  Veda  preporocl 
the  Jesnit  missionaries  of  Madras,  during  the  last  eenturv,  with  i 
view  to  prove,  by  Vedic  evidence,  the  autheuticitj  of  the  Bible  auf 
the  diviaity  of  Josub  Clirist,  the  author  describes  in  detail  a  forgei; 
which  was  committed  about  three  centuries  ago,  to  establish  the  di\ 
nity  of  AUuh  as  described  by  the  Emperor  Akbur.  A  copy  of  th 
ftpurious  document  has  lat43ly  been  received  from  Babu  Hari&chandr 
of  Benares.  It  bears  the  titled  of  "Allah  tJpanishad,"  and  pro 
feeaea  to  be  a  chapter  of  the  Pippaldda  8%khd  of  the  Athai^va  Veil 

As  the  Bdkhain  question  is  no  longer  extant-,  and  has  ceased  to  1 
60  fur  several  centuries,  it  haa  been  appealed  to  by  at  least  half  a  dozen 
apocryphal  Upaniehads,  and  notably  by  the  Gopalu  Tajtdni^  to  serv 
for  theii'  parentage,  and  the  author  of  the  work  under  notice, 
bably  aware  of  the  circumstance,  haa  availed  himself  of  it  to  esoaj 
detection.  It  opens  in  the  usual  Hindu  style  witli  a  salutation  to  Oana 
ea,  and  then  describes  Allah  to  be  both  Mitra  and  Varima  ;  that  he  \\ 
th©  bestow er  of  all  blessings,  and  the  supporter  of  the  Universe.  He 
is  the  Lord  of  all  the  gods  (illahV,  and  manifest  in  his  own  light.  H&j 
is  addressed  as  the  Allah  of  the  propliet  {rashl)  Muhammad  AkharJ 
and  gloried  repeatedly  by  being  called  **th©  great  God**  in  th 
Arabic  phrase  AlhiJm  Akhar,  It  terminates  with  a  prayer  for  tli^ 
preservation  of  men,  cattle,  lions  and  aquatic  animab,  in  the  coiu 
of  which  a  female  divinity,  tlie  destroy eress  of  demons  {a^ura  «a)l 
harint)  is  invoked  with  the  Tantric  mystic  formulcc  ^rw/w,  hrin  ana 
p?iatf  which  form  tho  vija  mauira  of  one  of  the  manifestations  of  th^ 
goddess  Durgi. 

The  language  of  the  MS.  is  very   obscure,  apparently  so  mada 
with  a  view  to  imitate  the  Vodic  style,  but  tho  imitation  is  neithe 
happy  nor  grammaticaUy  correct,    A  plural  verb  has  been  twic 
used  for  a  singular  nominatiTe,  and  the  adjectives  do  not  a]waj*ft 

From  Q  cnraory  pGrnsal  of  De  LaetU  work  oij  Persia.  I  am  iiidioed  io  tlttiii 
thnt  it  coDtuiiis  tio  original  itiatUtr*,  but  ia  a.  compilation  from  other  worlei 
on  Persia.  Even  in  his  wut  k  mi  Itidrnj  ihr^re  is  much  that  U  copied  fWifl 
others.  Hia  topogTfiphica.1  rioU's  od  liihar  and  Bengal  are  worthless,  aod 
itilaletidiii({. 


PfHhceedin^g  oftkn  Asiatic  ^Qciety* 


141 


correspond  with  their  nouns*  Tlie  rniUocation  is  also  defective* 
Tho  work  nevertheless,  wlien  first  published,  met  with  great  success, 
and  niuny  Hindus  even  now  maintain  its  authtmticity,  The  late  Sir 
R,ija  IlMliakunta  was  so  for  taken  in  by  it  that,  on  its  authority,  he 
introduced  in  his  great  lexicon  the  words  Alia  and  Ilia  as  Sanskiit 
Yocnbles. 

The  use  of  Aklmr's  name  suggests  tlie  idea  that  it  was  got  up  in 
tlie  time  of  that  emperor  by  one  of  his  courtiers  to  give  currency 
to  his  new  faith  among  his  Hindu  suT>j«^*ts,  but  who  it  was,  it  is  im- 
possible now  to  determine.  It  ia  said  in  the  Aln  t  Akhari  that 
Badaoni,  the  author  of  the  MantakJmh  HttawarikK  was  agi'eat  Sans* 
krit  scholar,  and  was  employed  by  Akbar  in  translating  the  Atharva 
Veda  in  Persian,  but  as  he  was  a  devout  Muhammadan  who  look- 
ed With  horror  upon  the  new  faith  of  his  master,  and  freely  stig- 
matized it  in  his  history  of  Akbar's  reign  ;  it  is  not  at  all  likely  that 
he  woidd  be  gnUty  of  calling  Akbar  a  propliot,  and  Allah  the  God 
of  Muhammad  Akbar  and  not  that  of  the  Arabian  prophet,  unless 
we  believe  it  was  done  with  a  view  tQ  ritlicule  the  religion  of  Akbar, 
whicih  is  scarcely  probable.  A  writer  in  the  Oudh  Akhharj  a  Hindu - 
Biani  newspaper  of  Lucknow,  says  it  is  the  work  of  the  Khdnkhiindn 
of  Akbar,  but  as  there  were  eeveral  such  officers  during  the  long 
and  prosperous  reign  of  that  monaroh^  it  is  not  possible  to  ascertain 
which  of  them  was  the  author  of  this  gross  religious  imposition. 


Mr.  Blochmann  said — 

Vikhu  Kiijendxaiala  Mitra  mentioned  that  the  Allah  Upanishad 
was  ascribed  to  one  uf  Akbar* s  Khiu  Klianans,  Akbar  had  three, 
Boir^m,  Mun'im  Khan,  and  Mirz^  ^Abdurrahim,  son  of  Bairim«  If 
auy  of  the  thruu  bad  written  the  Allah  Upanishad,  it  could  only  be 
the  last.  Buirtiui  was  a  bigotted  Shi'ah,  and  Muii'im  a  brave, 
pious  soldier,  anything  eUe  but  a  writer.  Besides^  the  book 
could  only  have  been  written  after  A,  H.  986,  from  which  year 
Akbar  had  commenced  to  abjure  Islim  ;  but  Bairam  died  in  909^ 
and  Mun'im  at  Gaur  in  983.  Consequently,  Mirza  'Abdurrahim, 
the  Kh^  Khandn  par  exctllffncti  of  Akbar^s  reign,  could  be  the  only 
one  to  whom  the  imputation  could  refer.  But  he,  too,  was  a  mont 
unlikely  man  to  xiudurtake  the  edition  of  a  liiudii  work.     People 


took  him  for  a  81ii*fth  in  Siurni  garb,  and  nowliere  does  BaiUonl, 
the  oenBor  of  Akbar's  age,  make  the  slightest  allusion  to  Hladd 

tendencies  in  the  Khfm  Khinfin* 

The  imputation  thtreforo  falls  tb  the  ground. 

In  connection  with  Uiis  subject,  I  may  mention  that  the. Society 
lately  received  from  Allahabad  a  copy  of  a  metrical  Persian  trans- 
lation of  the  Bhagavat  Giid^  the  title  page  of  whifh  meutions  Faiisi 
as  the  autiior.  A  few  weeks  ago,  X  examined  the  book,  and  though 
some  passages  in  it,  especially  tlie  beginning,  are  well  written, 
there  are  in  it  so  many  Hmdnlzed  Persian  phrases  and  occasional 
slips  in  rhyme  and  metre,  that  I  cannot  bring  myself  to  beliero 
that  Faizi  is  the  author. 

Maulavi  *Abdullatif  observed  that  Faizf  was  known  to  have  been 
tJie  tii-bt  Muhammadan  that  studied  Sanscrit,  and  as  the  Upanishad 
had  been  referred  to  Akbar's  times,  he  might  be  the  author  of  it. 

Mr.  Blochmann  said  that  this  was  a  mere  supposition  ;  the  state- 
ment of  Faizi  being  the  tirst  Muhammadan  that  learned  Sanscrit 
was  an  exploded  error  [Elliotts  Index,  p«  259],  and  there  waS| 
besides,  no  evidence  whatever  that  the  great  poet  knew  Sansorit. 

Maulavi  '  Abdullaiif  thought  that  under  these  circumstances  Faizi 
i^sembled  the  many  Europeans  who  got  their  Munshis  to  print 
works,  putting  their  own  names  on  the  title  page. 

Mr.  Blochmann  said  that  Muhammadan  historians  invariably  re- 
present the  translations  which  appeared  during  the  reign  of  Akbar, 
as  having  been  madefi-om  Hindi,  and  not  directly  by  the  Maulavis 
firom  the  Sanscrit  Some  of  the  translators,  as  Naqib  IChfin,  knew 
even  so  little  of  the  vernacular,  that  they  had  to  get  help  in  reading 
the  Hindi  versions. 


I 


in» — MEMOBANnTTM  ON  TITE  TmrPTDER-SlOBM  WHICH  PASSED  OVEeCaL- 

cuTfA  ON  THE  8th  June^  1871,— Jy  J.  0.  N,  James,  Esq. 

About  9  p.  M.  X  fir&t  observed  dark  masses  of  cloud  rolling  up 
from  the  south,  although  the  direction  of  the  wind  at  the  time  waa 
from  the  N,  E,  Gradually  these  clouds  spread  over  from  S.  E,  to 
West  and  N,  W.,  and  I  then  observed  distant  thimder  with  occa* 
aional  flushes  of  lightning  to  S*  W.  and  8.     By  1 1  p.  m .  the  entire 


I87L]  jPro€eedtnff9  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  14?J 

sky  was  overcast  with  heavy  block  douds  and  about  this  time,  I 
ejqjeriGiioed  a  peculiar  sensation  of  uneasines  wliicti  prevented  me 
from  sleeping.     I  got  out  of  bod   and   walked  into   my  verandah 
which  faces  the  south,  and  had  not  been  there  above  ten  minutes, 
when  I  was  startled  by  a  regular  crash  of  thunder  on  the  west. 
B  Several  crashes  followed  in  quick  suocession  on  the  north  and  N. 
■  W.,  and  all,  as  far  as  I  could  possibly  observe,  came  from  clouds 
^  overhanging  the  northern   portion  of  the  city.     This  drew  my  at- 
^Bleiition  to  the  north  and  I  then  walked  out  to  an  open  terrace  on 
^B|v north  of  my  house.     It  was  now  midnight,  the  wind   had  voor- 
^^V'to  south,  and  I  distinctly  observed  black  masses  uf  cloud  com- 
ing up  from  the  south,  while  others  seemed  rushing  towards  them 
^^firom  the  N.  W.  and  north.     The  clouds  from  tlie  south  were  appa- 
ll rently   lower  than  those  comiwg   from   the  N.   W»   and   N.     On 
these  clouds  meeting  or  crossing  each  other,  the   first  severe   claps 
of  thunder   and  vivid  flashes  of  lightning  wore  observed  by  me* 
At  times  the  flashes  of  lightning  followed  with   barely  an  interval 
of  a  second   between   each,  while  the  roar   of  thunder  was  con- 
tinuoufl  for  nearly  30  or  40  seconds  at  a  time. 

Bain  coming  on,  I  returned  to  the  south  verandah  ;  this  was 
about  I  A.  M.     I  now  experienced  a  sensation  very    similar  to  that 

II  had  often  felt  when  overtaken  by  storms  in  the  higher  Himalay- 
as, m%,,  an  irritation  about  the  surface  of  the  skin  caused  by  my 
hair  turning,  and  felt  sure  that  the  storm  was  eloso  in  my  neigh- 
boui'hood.  I  now  took  up  my  position  so  aa  to  watch  the  h'ght- 
ning  conductors  and  observatory  on  the  Surveyor  General's  Office, 
disteint  from  my  house  about  1 50  yards  :  — 

At  1-20  A.  M.  the  large  masses  of  black  clouds  seemed  to  tne  to 
be  traversing  over  the  southern  portion  of  the  city  from  W.  to 
E*,  wind  N.  W-  The  lightning  was  extremely  vivid  and  the 
thunder  deafening,  and  I  now  first  noticed,  sparks  (as  it  appeared 
to  me)  shooting  in  and  out  of  the  conductor  over  the  anemometer 
at  top  of  the  S.  G.  0.  observatory. 

The  appearance  of  the  conductor  ia  given  in  fig.  1,  plate  II.  The 
portion  of  the  conductor  from  A  to  A  was  alive  with  sparks,  flash- 
ing to  and  from  it.  Suddenly  there  was  a  streak  of  lightning  from 
a  doud  overhead  which  almost  blinded  me,  followed  on  the  instant 


Ml 


PreeudingB  of  the  Atiatie  Soei^^if* 


[J0LY, 


liy  a  detonation  which  made  mo  shudder.  The  obdorvatary  ap- 
peared a  mass  of  Ere,  there  was  a  sound  of  metal  striking  metal, 
and  I  olj&ervod  the  large  conductor  on  the  east  of  the  Survey- 
or Generals  Office  looking  as  if  it  was  red  hot*  Thia  was  momen- 
tary,  and  as  I  was  anxious  to  observe  all  I  possibly  oouldt  I  again 
watched  the  observatory.  Agaiu  the  conductor  over  the  anemo- 
meter was  alive  with  sparks  along  tlie  same  portion  of  it  from  A  to 
A,  but  not  a  spark  seemed  to  touch  the  point.  This  seemed  ex- 
traordinary to  me,  80  I  watched  more  closely  to  see  if  any  other 
portions  of  the  conductor  were  similarly  aflocted,  and  now  noticed 
that  the  horizontal  portion  of  it  from  the  observatory  to  the  back 
atalr  case  was  similarly  aOected,  as  roughly  shewn  in  Eg.  %  on 
pi.  II ;  horizontal  portions  of  the  oonductor  from  A  to  A  and  B  to  B 
receiving  and  emitting  sparks. 

About  i  to  2  A.  M,  the  lightning  and  thtmder  was  incessant^  at 
F  an^  flash  and  exploHion  the  masses  of  cloud  seemed  to  reoede  from. 
^  aach  other,  rise  and  then  fall  lower  towai'ds  the  earth  thau  bofom. 
While  watching  this,  there  was  a  6ash  of  lightning  and  I  distinctly 
saw  a  stream  of  electricity,  from  a  cloud  overhead,  discharged  up- 
on the  Office,  which  shot  back  again  into  the  cloudy  and  then 
flashed  off  towards  the  East  end  of  Park  Street ;  this  discharge  I 
believe  struck  No.  22,  Park  Street. 

What  I  witnessed  will  be  best  understood  from  the  drawing 
given  in  lagure  3,  of  plate  U. 

The  conductor  above  the  anemometer  (A)  and  the  one  on  the 
east  of  the  OiEce  (B)  again  appeared  rod  hot»  and  thu  horiztiutiJ 
portions  emitted  sparks  for  au  instant  only.  After  this  tliore  waj 
a  perfect  lull  for  nearly  10  minutoa  and  then  followed  a  sttccesstan 
of  flashes  and  detonations,  all  overhead,  and  from  W.  tt>  S.  over 
Cht^wringhee  and  Park  Street  and  south  towards  the  Martiniert*, 
which  I  can  only  describe  as  a  blaze  of  lightning  and  a  territio  roar 
of  thunder. 

This  first  portion  of  the  storm  seemed  to  mo  to  pass  away  to  tho 
South  and  East,  and  then  turn  round  by  east  to  north  or  N.  East. 

Throughout  this  storm,  for  nearly  4  hours,  I  elos^^ly  watched  the 
streams  of  electricity  discharged  towards  this  city  and  really  fancied 
that  neaily  every  house  must  have  betju  struck.   From  tiovurnment 


Plate  S. 


»^™ii: 


Ztaflo^«l^0d  At  fb«  Barmtjm  Ommtl'9  Offie*    GalMtta. 


1671.] 


Proceedings  nf  the  Amaiic  S^et^. 


H5 


House  Dortliwards  and  westwards  towards  Howrali,  there  ap- 
peared to  me  an  almost  continuous  discharge  of  the  electric  fluids 
and  as  the  storm  advanced  Southwards  and  Eastwards,  I  observed 
the  same  phenomena  extending,  m  nearly  a3  I  could  ascertain,  in  a 
frircle  from  the  Fort  up  Park  Street  to  the  Martiniere  and  over 
towards  the  General  Hospital. 

Mr.  H,  Blanford,  in  reading  Mr.  James*  noto,  suggested  that  tho 
appearance  of  sparks  given  off  by  the  horizontd  part  of  the  con- 
ductor might  perhaps  be  due  to  a  di8<;harge  towards  the  falling 
rain  drops.  The  zigzag  flash  returning  from  a  struck  oliject  to  tho 
clouds  and  then  back  again  to  Uie  earth  may  be  asciibed  to  au 
optical  deception.  \ 

Mr.  Ayrton,  said  : — 

Mr.  James'  paper  is  certainly  a  vivid  description  of  an  Indian 
thunderstorm.  It  is,  however,  I  think,  to  lesa  startling  displaya 
that  we  must  look  for  our  physical  iuformation  about  ntmosi>heric 
electricity.  Not  only  during  visible  storms,  but  at  all  times  there 
€€eur  in  the  air  phenomena  wliich  instruments  electrically  more 
delicate  than  our  senses  are  able  to  see  and  measure.  Tho  best 
kind  of  such  instruments,  electrometers  as  they  are  called,  require, 
however,  that  the  air  inside  them  should  be  kept  artificially  dry  ; 
and  unfortunately  the  season  when  observations  of  atmospheric 
electricity  would  be  most  interesting,  viz,  dui*ing  tho  monsoon,  is  tho 
very  time  when  it  is  most  diflficidt  to  maintain  an  artificially  dried 
atmosphere.  This  difficulty,  however,  can  be  overcome  when 
Butiieient  attentiou  and  time  can  be  devoted  to  tlie  umnagoment  of 
the  instrument  ; — ohaervationa  too  of  this  kind  arc  only  valuable 
when  made  regularly.  Therefore,  I  think  that  obsorvatiotts  of 
atmospheric  electricity  can  only  be  rarrted  on  with  any  practical 
benefit,  when  they  are  in  the  hands  of  a  man  who  can  devote  hia 
time  to  meteorological  registration.  I  would,  therefore,  strongly 
recommend  to  those  who  have  the  management  of  the  Meteorolo- 
gical Department  at  Calcutta,  that  arrangements  should  bo  made 
similar  to  those  already  existing  at  Greenwich  and  Xew  for  the 
registi^ation  of  the  electric  potential  of  the  air. 

Tho  only  steps  that  have,  I  believe,  heen  taken  to  register  atmos- 
pheric electricity  in  this  country  consisted  in  two  portable  dec- 


UG 


Premfdings  of  the  A$iati€  Society, 


[Jcn*Y| 


trometers  being  sent  out  about  two  years  ago  to  tlie  IniHaft  Tele* 
graph  Department,  but  from  an  error  in  packing  they  were  both  so 
damag-ed  aa  to  be  unserviceable.  TheBO  instruments  too  were 
more  suited  for  inalcing  rough  measurements  at  different  places  j 
while  travelling,  than  for  making  delicate  measurements  at  aa] 
observatoiy.  The  inetruments  at  present  in  use  in  Europe  for  thii 
purpose  ai*e  very  perfect,  and  give  on  sensitive  paper  a  photograpUo^ 
curve  showing  the  electric  state  of  the  atmosphere. 

As  an  example  of  the  importance  of  observations  of  atmospheiio 
and  tarrestrial  currents  I  may  mention  that  from  tests  made  portly 
on  the  10th,  partly  on  the  I  Itli,  and  partly  on  tJie  12thof  Fobruar 
nf  this  year,  it  appeared  that  very  strong  positive  natural  current 
were  flowing  through  the  telegraph  lines   in  tlio   directions  Deesal 
to  Agra,  Indore  to  Agra,   Allahabad  to  Agra^  Agi-a  to  XJmbaUa, ' 
Calcutta  to  Baneegunge  and  Calcutta  to  Sahibgunge,  in  all  cases 
in  the  same    direction    from   southward    to    northward.     In   the 
cjiSGs  whore  the  lino  ran  nearly  duo  north   and  south   the  current 
woe  such  OS  could  have  been  produced  by  the  insertion  of  about] 
8  galvanic  cells  in   the  line.     In  the   other  cases  it  vai^od   from  I 
about  8  to  2  cells,  depending  partly  on  how  nearly  the  lino  ran  duo] 
north  and   south.     Un  the    ICth    of  February    the    earflic]nak6J 
occurred  at  Calcutta.     Now  I  do  not  for  a  moment  conclude  froodJ 
this  solitary  instance,  that  natural  electric  currents  have  necessari- 
ly any  connection  with  Eurthquakos,  still   as  wo   know  very  littlo 
about  either  of  these  phenomena,  it  ia  just  possible  that  they  may 
bo  connected. 

And  if  in  the  observatories  iu  Europe  and  Australia  it  is  thoughtl 
worth  while  to  carry  on  a  regular  system  of  observations  of  atmos-* 
pheric  electi-iclty  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  endeavouring  to  con-l 
nect  the  results  of  these  observations  with  the  weather,  so  that  the" 
electric  state  of  the  air  may  act  a^i  a  barometer  to  foretell  th© 
weather,  how  much  more  important  ia  it  that  such  a  system  ofl 
observations  should  be  established  in  a  country  like  India,  visited  i 
as  it  is  by  thunderstorms  doing  such  a  vast  amount  of  damage* 

^li\  Woodrow  observed  that   he   heard  several  persona  stating 
that  they  saw  the  conductor  of  a  house  appearing  red  hot  during  1 
the  late  storm. 


1871.] 


Fn^eudifigs  of  th  Amttic  Soi'itttj. 


147 


Mr.  H.  F.  Blanford  montioued  that  ho  had  been  iaformod  by 
Mr.  James  of  a  very  striking  msianco  of  this  kind.  At  Bauaou, 
which   was   frequently  visited    by    sever©  thimdtiratorms,  he  was 

,  informed  that  an  observatory  erected  for  tlio  G.  T.  Survey  was  pro- 

I  tected  by  a  lightning  conductor,  which  was  desiTibed  as  a  thiulc 
iron  rod.  This  rod  was,  as  Mr.  James  assured  him,  subsequently 
found  on  the  grouud  as  a  fused  mass  of  iron,  and  having  been  re* 
moved  was  in  another  year  found  to  have  been  fustjd  like  tho 
former,  and  in  a  like  condition.  This  effect  was  ascribed  to  light- 
mng. 

The  President  said  they  were  indebted  to  Mr.  James  for  a  very 
graphic  description  of  a  thunderstorm.  Some  of  the  phenomena 
mentioned  did  not  appear  to  be  easy  of  explanation*  The  mode  in 
which  Mr.  Blanford  accounted  fur  the  manifestation  of  sparks  or 
coruscations  on  the  horizontal  portion  alone  of  the  conductor  wai 
ingenioua,  but  did  not  seem  altogether  satisfactory.  Falling  drops 
would,  ho  supposed,  pass  in  just  as  close  proximity  to  the  vertical 
portion  of  tlio  rod  as  to  the  horizontal.  Without  any  disparagement 
to  Mr,  James,  it  might  perhaps  be  doubted  whether  he  had  been  able 
to  possess  himself  of  the  actual  phenomena  with  oomplete  accuracy. 
No  class  of  phenomena  was  eo^dillieult  of  precise  observation,  as  that 

fwith  which  Mr.  James  had  to  deal,  both  on  account  of  the  extreme 
shortness  of  their  duration,  and  the  absence  of  a  standard  of  com- 
parison and  measurement.  In  one  particular,  Mr.  James  had  evi- 
dently been  misled.  The  mutual  recession  and  approach  of  two 
clouds  upon  the  passage  of  a  flash  of  lightning  between  them, 
of  which  he  spoke,  was  illusory.  The  ILash  merely  illumined  and  so 
revealed  an  interval  between  two  cloud  masses,  which  before  were  not 
separable  from  a  back  ground  conn eoting  them,  and  when  the  light 
disappeiu-od  again,   tlie   apparent   connection  was  resumed*    The 

[mental  impression  produced  by  this  rapid  succession  of  eventa 
gave  rise  most  naturally  to  the  idea  of  relative  motion  of  the  two 
cloud  masses.  But  actual  motion  to  the  sumo  angular  extent  of 
oscillation  as  that  which  is,  in  this  way,  apparent  in  the  instant  of 
the  flash  would  be  sometliing  tridy  enormous! 

The  storm  was  evidently  one  of  the  ordinary  type  prevnlmit 
here  at  this  time  of  the  year.     A  lower  vapour- beaiing  current 


148 


Proteedingi  of  thd  Asiatic  Soc^fti/, 


[JlTXY, 


was  passing  over  from  the  8.  W.  and  8.     This  encounteitj  or  is 
crossed  by,  the  course  of  a  condensing  cause  coming  up   from   tho 
K.  W.     The  latter  is  no  doubt  a  relatively  colder  and  generally 
swifter  moving  current,  somewhat  above  the  first,   often  perhaps 
ptirtiaily  driving  through  it.     The  result  is   a   curious   moveraont 
m  eehehn  :  while  the   lower  clouds  appear  to  be  coming  from  the 
8.  W.,   the  heavy  storm   masses  as  a  whole  gather   first  in   the 
N.  W.  and  seem  to  traverse  the  sky  as  if  coming  from  that  quarter. 
Also  the  two  atmospheric  currents  in  highly  contrastetl   m6teort>lo- 
gical   condition  give  rise  to  violent  eleLtriciil  disturbaiife.     In  the 
normal  course  of  tlie  monsoon    rains,    when   tlxo   vapour-bearing 
current  is  not  interfered   with   by  a  ditferontly  conditioned  cross 
current,  the  precipitation  of  wat«r,  however  heavy  the  downfall  may 
be,  is  seldom  fouud  to  be  accompanied  by  any  great  manifestation 
of  thunder  and  lighbiing.  JIo,  (the  President,)  was  afraid  that  little 
confidence  could  bo  placed  upon  tlie  correctness  of  the  path   attri- 
buted to  the  lightning  tlashes.  Many  causes  of  deception  existed  with 
regard  to  this.     And   he  might  make  tlie  same  remark  with  regard 
to  the  behaviour  of  the  clouds  spoken  of  by  Mr,   James  towards 
tlie  east  after   the   bulk  of  the  storm  had  passed,     It  was  always 
matter  of  much  nicety  to  determine  the  true  motion  of  a  cloud  mass. 
Indeed  this  could  scarcely  ever  be  done  with  much  accuracy  except 
for  a  limited  regiou  noar  the  zenith.     The  apparent  angular  motion 
of  a  portion  of  a  surging  mass  at   a   low   altitude    did   not  atford 
sufficient  data  for  the   purpose.     It   was  then  almost  impossible 
with  the  eye  alone  to  form  even    an    approximate   estimate   of  tho 
geometrical  dimensions.     With  regai-d  to  the  alleged  heating  of  tho 
conductor  to  the  extent  of  making  it  luminous,  ho  would  suggest  by 
way  of  test  for  the  future   tliat  a  collar  of  wait  or  resin  bo  kept 
continually  surrounding  the  rods  of  all   the  principal  buildings  in 
the  town. 

Somewhat  later  in  the  evening  Mr.  Ayrton  observed— 
Tho  explanation  has  just  occurred  to  me  of  tho  phenomenon 
observed  by  Mr*  James  of  sparks  appealing  to  issue  from  the 
horizontal,  but  not  from  the  vertical  portions  of  the  lightning 
discharges,  so  if  it  be  not  contrary  to  the  rules  of  the  Society,  I  wiU 
refer  again  to  that  subject. 


W  E.  AyRTO-N..?roreedm|s  A.S  B  forjulv  J87I. 


^ 


ti  m 


<y 


i 

----   - 

'  """''^--r^'  ^\x 

^ 

^ 

6 

_,,--'' 



UJ 

:.■■-' 

o 

o 

-BE 

_ .----'"'           ..-- 

-'              .'^ 

o 

n 

..,  . 

ui    ,, 

...    - 

o 

z 

d 

3 

u. 

.      -       ' 

z 

O 

o 

,.'"*' 

Z 

u 

M 

^ 

UJ 

z 

..,..-      

^ 

-1 

—  "                               

d 

.'■'"' 

..'"" 

,::.■ 

o 

..,   -- 

.,  '< 

, 

ia7h] 


Pfi^ceedin^it  of  ih$  Asiatic  Soeiriy. 


149 


W' 


Faraday  ia  his  ExperimeattU  Kosearches  arrived  at  tho  foUaw- 
ilig  law,  a  law  which  htm  also  been  proved  from  entirely  Mathe- 
matical considerationB,  that  whea  a  charged  insulated  body  A 
(Bee  figure  i  on  plate  III)  acts  by  static  electric  induction  on  an 
uninsulated  body  B,  the  amount  of  electricity  on  any  area  a  on 
the  surface  of  one  of  the  bodies  U  equal  and  opposite  to  the  amount 
on  the  area  j9,  marked  out  on  the  surface  of  the  other  body  by  the 
linos  of  force  which  also  mark  out  the  area  on  the  surface  of  the 
first  body  * 

Now  let  us  consider  the  state  of  the  lightning  conductor  before 
any  discharge  takes  place.  Let  it  be  acted  upon  by  a  horiicoutal 
doud,  uniformly  charged.  Draw  lines  of  force,  markiug  out  equal 
areas  of  the  surface  of  the  cloudy  or,  what  is  the  same  things  since 
^^tbe  cloud  is  uniformly  charged,  marking  out  areas  eontoiuing 
^B equal  amounts  of  electricity, 

^M  Then  since  the  linos  of  force  mtist  be  perpendicular  both  to 
^rthe  doud  and  the  lightning  conductor,  and  also  since  they  cau 
0  have  no  very  endden  bends  we  shall,  if  we  suppose  a  vortical  plan© 
drawn  tlirough  the  conductor,  obtain  as  a  section  a  figure  some- 
l^what  like  the  aoeompanying  figme  ii  on  plate  III. 

^^H|nHBrOain&Hc£(rd  and  DuhUn  Mathematical  Jour nnf  Novemlicir^  l^^^i  or  PhUa* 
^^KspBBi  Mtujasine^  1854,  aocond  baLf  ye&r^iti  whiob  tho  ptiovf  ia  givon  somowhai 
OA  fbUowfl  ; 

Let  S  be  any  closed  nnrtnoe^  contomftig  no  part  of  tho  ©leotrffied  bodies  in 
side  it,  which  we  may  concxsive  to  be  descnbtjil  lj€twn(»ti  A  »»d  B  ;  let  P  b« 
tlie  oompuuout  in  tho  direotioit  of  the  nurmiil,  uf  the  n.v'^tittnni  force  at  ikuj 
point  of  the  snrfuuo  8^  »nd  let  th  be  aa  elemeut  of  the  duifiice  at  the  namo 
point.    Then  it  inay  be  easily  provod  tliat 

j'/iMs^O  (I) 

the  integrationa  being  extended  over  the  entire  surface.  No*r  let  S  be  inp- 
poHed  to  oonaiat  of  three  p;irt4;  tlio  portioa  a»  of  the  miiTuee  of  A  ;  ihts  urea 
3  projected  by  lines  of  force,  on  the  surfuce  of  B  ;  and  the  «nrfutH?  (fetiemted 
by  tlie  curved  Uoea  of  projection,  Tliw  value  of  P  at  each  point  of  tlio  bitter 
portion  of  8  will  be  nothing,  flinco  tho  t4^tn|irt>nt  at  any  point  of  a  hue  of  pityeo* 
tiott  i*  the  direction  of  tlie  ibreo.  llcnco,  if  [//  i'J*]  und  {jf  P*U)  dL<nute  the 
valnes  of  XT  P^lSt  ^*>r  *he  portioiiB  a  and  &  of  S,  th«i  fcjuiition  (I)  becotnee 

Bat  if  p  be  tho  oleotrio  density  at  any  point  on  tho  sorfaco  A  or  B,  wo  haro, 
by  Coulomb's  theorem, 

P 


Hence  [/Tpdif]  -f  (^yp.h)  =  0, 

i^hich  is  the  theorem  qDotcd  in  the  text. 


ISO 


Proceediti^if  qf  the  Asiaiie  Society. 


[JrLY,j 


Now  by  Faraday's  law  the  portions  of  the  conductor  AB,  BC,  1 
CD  &c*  ©aoh  contain  equal  quantities  of  electricity,  therefore  thoa^l 
portions  EF,  Gil  which  are  longest  contain  least  electricity,  per  uni'lj 
0/  length.     The  olecti-icity,  therefore,  will  he  moat  concentrated  ate 
the  point  J  of  the  conductor  and  least  concentrated  at  the  anglei^ 
y,  8,  and  along  the  vertical  portion  KA.     But  the  resultant  pros- 
sure  on  the  air,  or  tendency  to  produce  discharge  at  any  i>oint  nea 
a  charged  body,  is  directly  proportional  to  the  electric  density  of 
the  amount  of  electricity  per  unit  of  area  at  that  point,  therefora 
the  discharge  will  be  greatest  at  the  point  J,  next  greatest  alougl 
the  horizontal  portions  AE,  FG,  and  least  along  the  portions  J5Fp| 
GM  and  the  vertical  portion  XA.     The  only  difference  being  that 
at  the  point  J  the  discharge  although  greatest  will  most  probably 
be  a  silent  one,  whereas  along  the  length  of  the  conductor  it  will    n ' 
be  disruptive  or  in  the  form  of  sparks.     We  may,  therefore,  expec(^| 
to  soe  with  (he   n/e   no  discharge  along   EF,  GU,  KL  or  at  the 
point  J,  but  sparks  issuing  from  the  horizontal  portions  AE  andFG- 

TV. — SuggcsiionRfor  Vmton  to  the  Totnl  Eclipse   ort    \2ih   Deecmler^ 
1871,  %  Lieut.-Chl.  J,  F.  Tenkant,  F,  E.  8. 
At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Society  aft^ar  the  conclusion  of  ray 
Memorandum  t1»o  President  suggested,  that  idl  who  might  liavo  thai 
opportunity  should  visit  the  Xeilgherries,  and  should  endeavour  torn 
contribute  their  share  to  the  result,  and  that  those  having  sjiectro^ 
scopes    should  use  them.     Thore  is  in   fact  no  difficulty  in  seoing 
during  the  Total  Phase  of  an  Eclipse  lines  of  light  varying  more  01 
less  in  number  and  brightness  with  a  spectroscope  directed  nearl;f 
to  the  sun ;  nor  would  it  bo  impossible   that  any  one   so   arme 
should   see  some  lines   of  light  or  darkness  which   he  buUeve 
to  be  unseen  by  others,  but   this  would  not  be  of  any  use,   Th^ 
light  falling  on  tlie  slit   of  a   spectroscope   at   this  time  come 
partly  from  the  Corona  and  partly  from  the  Protuberances,  while 
there  is  of  course  such  fiiiut  dilTiii^cd  light  as  is  about.     We  knov 
that  this  mixed  light  must  vary  with  the  point  which  happens 
in  the  prolongation  of  the  lino  of  vision  of  the  spoctroseopo,  but 
less  we  can  distinguish  tho  objects  which  emit  each  ray  we  areJ 
really  gaining  little  knowledge. 


ie7L] 


Proc0Bdinff»  of  ihe  AiiaUc  Somi^. 


An  amateur  (In  one  sense  we  ore  all  so)  then|  must  before  making 
up  his  nuiid  to  such  a  proceeding  consider  wliat  he  loseo  :  I  ven* 
ture  to  say  tliat  he  will  entirely  lose  the  ^eat  sight.  In  order  to 
see  with  the  spectroscope,  he  must  deliberately  shut  himself  out 
from  tliis.  He  may  then  see  what  others  have  seen  before,  but  he 
can,  without  spocial  means,  add  no  material  fact  to  what  is  known, 
and  it  is  far  more  likely  that  ho  will  lose  the  real  sight  witiiout 
seeing  so  much.  If  he  is  in  any  degree  anxious  or  nervous, 
it  is  pretty  certain  that  he  will  have  no  clear  idea  of  what  he 
sees  in  the  instrument.  The  case  of  a  man  who  having  carefuUj 
made  up  his  mind  to  objects  and  methods  of  examination,  provides 
himself  with  adequate  apparatus,  and  deliberately  gives  up  the 
sight  for  the  ohanoe  of  being  of  use,  is  of  course  quite  different.  I 
could  not  recommend  any  one  going  down  to  the  Eeb'p8e-line  with- 
out due  preparation  ;  to  lose  one  of  the  moat  magnificent  sights  ho 
can  8ee»  and  to  miaa  the  opportunity  of  appreciating  how  much  it 
has  been  given  to  man  to  penetrate  into  the  mysteries  of  nature. 
I  purpose,  however,  now,  in  pursuance  of  a  promise  to  the  President, 
to  oiler  some  suggestions  to  visitors  who  are  not  content  with 
this. 

Any  person  possessing  a  chronometer  and  the  means  of  dnding 
its  error,  will  do  a  service  if  he  will  simply  note  the  four  momenh  of 
eontavt  tj/  the  Stuis  and  Mooni  Limbi.  As  I  explained  before,  the 
first  contEict  is  especially  diifieult  to  note,  but  the  otlior  tiiree  are 
comparatively  easy.  He  has  then  only  to  mark  his  place  accurate- 
ly  on  the  Atlas  of  India>  or  some  good  map,  and  deduce  his 
Latitude  and  Longitude  and  height  above  the  Sea.  These  data  will 
help  towards  the  problem  of  determining  the  Solar  and  Lunar 
diameters  and,  if  accurate,  they  canuot  be  too  numerous. 

As  Totality  comes  on ;  if  he  dues  not  mean  to  take  the  moment 
of  the  Sun's  disappearance,  I  would  adviae  him  to  lay  aside  hia 
Telescope,  and  look  for  the  strange  fringes  of  colour  or  light  and 
shade  which  mark  the  commencement  of  this  Phase.  I  quote  some 
accounts  of  this  from  Grant's  History  of  Physical  Astronomy. 

In  1842,  M.  Fuuvellu  gives  the  follomug  from  Porpigiian.  **  At 
**  the  moment  when  the  Eclipse  was  about  to  become  Total,  I  per- 
**  ceived  the  ast  rays  of  the  sun  to  undulate  with  ^rmt   intensity  and 


152 


Promffdin0»  ofihe  Asiatic  Society. 


[^TSVit 


**  rapiditif  on  a  whit©  wall  of  one  of  the  Military  Establishments  of 
**  tho  Rampart  of  St.  Dominique.  The  effect  might  be  compared 
**  with  that  which  is  observed  whoE  the  light  of  the  Sun  falls  upon 
'*  a  wall  or  ceiling  after  having  been  reflected  from  tho  surface  of 
''water  In  a  etate  of  agitation.  The  same  phouomeaon  appeared 
"at  the  emersion  of  the  sun,"  the  undulatiana  were  at  first  very 
intense  and  gradually  died  away.  ''  M.  Ai'ago  states  that 
**  during  the  few  seconds  devoted  by  his  colleagues  and  himself  to 
**  the  observation  of  sunh  phenomena  the  fa*;ade9  of  tlie  great  tower 
**  of  the  citadel  of  Perpignau  appeared  illtiminated  by  a  siH^ularljf 
^^Jluduaiahg  H^ht,^^  M,  Leathuric  at  Moutpellier  says  **  A  litUe  be* 
**  fore  the  commencement  of  the  total  obscuration  there  were  seen 
**oB  the  ground  and  ou  the  walla  undulaiimf  Bhadmcft  composed  of  a 
**  eucceseion  of  arcs,  3  or  4  deoimetros  in  length,  but  of  much  les« 
*•  breadth p  which  seemed  to  turn  on  thenisdvM.  The  effect  was  ana* 
**  logons  to  that  produced  by  those  moveable  sliadows  wlii<*h  are 
"  seen  at  the  bottom  of  (i  shallow  basin  filled  with  clear  water  when 
**  tho  surface,  slightly  agitated,  is  Ulumbiated  by  the  sun's  rays.'* 

At  Seyne,  Mr.  Savoumin  says :  **  There  were  here  and  there  seen 
''shadows  and  luminous  patches  running  after  each  other,  the 
**  effect  of  which  was  similar  to  that  produced  by  the  passage  of  a 
*'  succession  of  small  clouds  over  the  sua.  These  patches  were  nci 
"  all  of  the  same  colour ^  some  were  red  ;  others  yellow^  Mm  or  white.  The 
**  children  amused  themselves  running  after  them,  and  trying  to 
'*put  their  hands  on  ^em.  This  extraordinary  phenomenon  was 
**  remarked  only  a  few  instants  before  the  complete  disappearanoe 
*'of  the  sun." 

IVofessor  Grant  quotes  some  Swedish  observations  of  1733,  but 
they  do  not  seem  to  me  to  refer  to  the  same  phenomenon.  Tho 
accompan}ing  quoted  by  him  &om  Deliijle,  however,  clearly 
refers  to  this.  ''  The  second  observation  is  one  which  a  ouxi- 
"ous  individual  acquainted  me  with  having  made  by  mere 
**  accident.  Having  directed  his  attention  to  a  large  white  waU| 
"  at  the  moment  of  the  tcjtal  immersion  of  an  Eclipse  of  the  SuHi 
'*  he  saw  the  Moon^s  shadow  pass  upon  the  wall,  tinned  with  dij^lerent 
**€olours,^^ 

This  phenomenon  was  also  seen  and  drawn  by  M.  Poulain  a 


1871.] 


Tmffi  qf  the  AiMic  Society* 


IW 


Frencli  officer  at  Goree  in  1861,  whoso   attention   the   Astronomer 
Boy al  called  to  ifc. 

In  1 8C8, 1  askod  Col.  Addison  of  H.  MJs  2nd  ^the  Quoen's)  Begt. 

f  examino  this  matter  at  Aden.     I  expressed    considerable   doulit 

I  to  the  reality  of  the  phenomenon  which,  save  for  M.  Savournin's 
statement,  that  the  children  ran  after  these  shadows,  I  think  one 
might  have  considered  (in  the  absence  of  evidence  to  the  contrary) 
as  caused  while  resting  a  weary  eye.  Col.  Addison  had  a  largo 
sheet  hung  up  and  (I  quote  from  memory)*  more  than  one  of  hia 
olBcers  saw  these  shadows  passing  rapidly  across  the  sheet ;  so 
rapitlly  that  they  could  not  measure  the  veloci^ ;  in  the  direction 
in  whitih  the  Moon  was  advancing  on  the  Sun. 

Colonel  Addison  and  M.  Poulain  are  the  sole  persons  I  Imow, 
who  have  looked  for  this  phenomenon,  but  it  was  seen  againi 
unless  I  mistake,  in  1869,  and  I  beheve  that  the  following  des"- 
cription  by  Mr*  Charles  Coalo  refers  to  it.  **  Tlie  grandest  of 
"  all  to  lis,  who  had  no  astronomical  ambition,  or  astronomical 
"knowledge,  to  gratify,  was  the  effect  upon  the  clouds  daring 
'*tho  total  obscniration.  Those  who  have  had  the  pnviloge  of 
being  on  White  Top"  (near  Abingdon,  Virginia  and  6530  feet 
high)  **and  enjoying  the  westward  scene,  will  remember  the 
**  grand  panoramic  view  of  moim tains  beginning  on  the  north- 
**ern  and  southom  horizon  and  stretching  away  to  the  west, 
'  *  till  they  seem  to  meet,  and  will  appreciate  the  scene,  which  we 
**now  attempt  to  describe.  Stretching  along  this  semicircle  of 
**  mountains  in  long  horizontal  lines,  far  below  the  Sun  lay  light 
**  and  Uoecy  clouds,  as  if  resting  on  their  wings  during  the  seem- 
**  iug  struggle  between  the  orbs  above  them.  At  tlie  moment  of  the 
**  falling  of  the  dark  shadow,  when  naught  was  to  be  seen  above 
"  but  the  stars  and  the  circle  of  light  ai-ound  the  moon,  these  clouds 
'*  became  arrayed  in  all  the  colours  of  the  rainbow,  presentmg  an 
'*  indescribable  richness  witli  their  back  ground  of  sombre  moan- 
"  tain.  To  our  vision  it  was  as  if  bands  «f  broad  ribbon  of  every 
**  conceivable  hue  had  been  stretched  in  parallel  lines  half  roimd  tho 
**  universe."  One  sees  here  the  pen  work  of  the  American  Juur* 
naliflt :  indeed  Mr.  Coale  in  another  letter  remarks  that  he  waA 
*  The  papers  wore  '  >  Boynl  AjtronooiiciLl  Societj, 


Proeeedifi^s  of  Oi^  Asia(/e  i 


iTOf 


probablj^  extravagant  in  giving  the  clouds  all  the  colours  of  the 
raiobow  (though  he  considors  this  allowable  in  country  journalism) 
and  ho  proceeds  to  nam©   **  pink,   purple,  yellow    orange,    and 
fiery  red,"  and  **  a  band  of  lilac,*'  though  not  green  or  blue ,  as  being 
colourg  he  had  seen.     It  is  quite  impossible  notwithstanding  exag*^ 
geration  to  compare  this,  whitli  1  take  from  Mr.  Prot-tor's  late  worlpH 
on  tho  Sun ;  with  the  descriptions  I   liave   quoted    from   Professoy 
Grant,  without  seeing  that  the  phenomenon  was  tho  same  that  M«  k 
Savournin  saw  at  Seyne,     It  is  eminently  fitted  for  examination  byH 
those  unaccustomed  to  use  instruments,  and,  while  I  believe  worth 
investigation,  will  not  deprive   them  of  tho  great  spectacle.     Tha 
occasion  will,  I  think,  be  very  favourable. 

To  those  one  degree  more    professional  who  may  possess  iol 
scopes  on  mountings  and  seek  to  do  some  further  service,   withoul 
too   great   a  sacrifice   of  personal   feelings,   I  would  suggest  th( 
Belection  of  certain  parts  of  the  Corona  and  their  eyeful  scrutiny^ 

00  aa  to  enable  drawings  to  be  made  and  descriptions  to  bo  written 
immediately  afterwards.  The  parts  I  would  refer  to  are  those  which 

1  have  in  my  Report  of  1868  called  ^are,     I  did  not  of  course  $eB 
bom  then,  but  it  was  quite   impossible   to  examine  carefully  myj 

original  negatives  without  a  strong  conviction,   thjit  in  those  places  a1 
all  events  gas,  luminous  though  much  less  so  than  the  body  of  thi 
protuberances,  was  streaming  Irom  them   into  tlie  general  Ugh 
of  the  Curuna.     As  photography  will  probably  be  entirely  directodl 
to  tho  general  Corona,  these  brighter  parts  will  be  to  a  great  extent 
lost  in  detail.     Indeed  if  they  are  to  be  done  justice  to  by  Photo* 
graphy,  it  must  be  by  special  aiTango  me  uts  alio  wing  large  pitjturea 
to   be  rapidly  taken  in  some  Erlip^e  of  the  future.     At  present 
X  would  call  the  attention  of  draughtsmen  to  these  spots,  from 
which,  when  found,   they  should  not  allow  their  attention  to  go. 
McKlurute  power  would  alone  bo  necessary,  though   if  tho  air  b( 
steady  enough  high  power    would  concentrate  the  attuutiou  b; 
limiting  tlie  space.     It  is  alleged  too  that  thero  are  nodes  ani 
bands  of  light  in  the  Corona  of  complicated   structure   and   qui 
free  of  the  8un  ;  these  too  might  be  noticed,  probably   the   besi 
phui  wUl  be  to  attack  the  first  such  object  seen  and  adhere  to  lU 
Lastly,  I  would  urge  on  those  who  I  trust  may  be  induced 


Proeei^dinga  qf  the  Aiiaiic  Society. 

go  to  tho  EclipsG  track  hj  cnrioaity  or  some  hop© of  adding  to  Imow* 
ledgt)^  to  romomber,  that  well  equipped  parti oa  (I  hop©  tho  Madras 
Observatory  may  Bend  one)  are  not  able  as  a  rule  to  choose  botter 
sites,  from  which  views  can  be  got,  than  many  others  about,  and  that 
there  is  nothing  so  injurious  to  good  observation,  as  tho  motion, 
and  ©von  tho  presence,  of  strangers.  Possibly  volunteers  may  be 
wanted  for  some  work ;  then,  if  you  accept  the  position,  do  tliat 
work  in  perfect  silence  where  it  does  not  require  speech ;  but,  if 
you  have  no  share  in  the  work^  keep  at  a  distance  from  those  who 
have,  remembering  that  an  involuntary  motion  or  exclamation, 
may  seriously  disturb  those  who  are  endeavouring  to  close  their 
niiuds  to  the  surrounding  circumstances,  and  to  concentrate  them  on 
tlie  duty  they  have  undertaken.  To  suffer  men  who  are  content  to 
lose  all  the  great  sight  of  the  day  for  work,  to  do  their  work  without 
iutemiption,  is  in  itself  a  service  to  science,  though  one  which 
does  not  force  itself  into  notice. 

V. — The  Antiquities  of  Jdjput% — hj  Babtj  Chtjkder  Sekhak  Bathjuji  . 

(Abstract). 

Baby  Chander  8ekhar  Biiniirjf  mentions  early  notices  of  Jaj- 
pur,  legends  connected  with  tlie  invasion  of  Orisa  by  the  Af- 
ghans under  Kala  Fahar  in  1558,*  a  description  of  the  memorials 
of  the  Afghan  conquest,  the  importance  of  Jajpur  as  a  place  nf 
pilgrimage,  and  a  description  of  temples  and  several  other  worka 
of  Bindi'i  sculpture. 

The  puper  will  be  printed  in  the  second  number  of  Pai-t  I.  of 
the  Journal. 


Tlio  roroipt  of  tho  fnllowjag  communications  waa  announced. 
1.     Mouograph  of  Indian  Ct/prinida*,  Pt.  II,  by  Surgeon  F.  Day. 
2*    Note  on  Lieut*-CoL  MacMaster's  Uni  of  birds  from  Nagi>oro, 
&c.,  by  W.  T.  BlanforcL 

*  This  is  the  yeitr  nientioned  by  Stirling.  But  the  Alcbarndtnjili  (fives 
A,  n  U75,  or  A,  D.  J  567-  Such  np  t^ke  an  inlPi"08t  in  tho  liistorj'  of  Ofisi, 
ehoiild  ix'ttd  thu  h«?(ri»nitijr  of  the  "   '     •'-Tlh  jeur  of  Akhnr'B  reign    as 

givf^n  ill  the  Akbaru^nin)i,  provi*!'  HS.ana  obtAitiablo.    There aro 

most  t*xtraorflinuty  iliirerenooa  b«+hm  m  /i  .u.m..  i  *,  ncpcmnt  iliuI  that  of  Stirltr»tr, 
which  profcsBOB  to  ho  takon  Imrn  I  he  I'llri  V'^iiinaavfili.  Tho  jiciiod  ot  OfiKji 
bisiorj  ill  tho  Akbiinuimuh  ivxtonclK  fmni  nbout  15i)0  tu  the  eud  of  tho  Uiih 
coiitnry.— Tb«  KDiTOtt. 


PrfifH}t*dtnff*  of  th^  A^Mic  >r> 


July, 


LlDll>VRY, 

The  following  additions  havo  boen  made  to  th©  Library  einoe 
th©  moeting  held  in  June  last. 

Preieniatiom* 

9*11  Namee  of  donors  in  CapiUla- 

Momoirs  of   tho  Eoyal  Astronomical   Society,  Vols,  XXXV — 

XXX^TIT  ;  Kiitices,   Vols.     XXVEU— XXX  ;  IndoK  to  the  First 

twenty-nino  volumes  of  tho  Monthly  Notices.^TuE  Eoyal  Astro* 

NOMICAL  BOCTBTY  OF  LoNUON, 

Pi-oceodings  of  tho  Eoyal  Society,  Vol.  XIX,  No.  127.— The 
Royal  Socfety  of  Londo?^. 

Proceedings   of    the   Hoyal    Geographical  Society,    Vol.    XV, 
No.  I. — The  Eoyal  GECOJurmcAL  Society  of  Loxijon. 

Journal  of  the  Statistical  Society  of  London,  IMarch  1871. — 
The  Statistical  Society  of  Lo:*don, 

Journal  of  the  Chemical  Society,  February,  March  and  Apri], 
1871. — TuE  Chemical  Society  of  London, 

Bollettino  della  Societa  Geografiea  Italiana,  volume  sesto,  let 
Magg:io,  1871. — Societa  Geografica  Italiana. 

Nyelvtudomsinyi  Kozlemenyek,  Kiadja  A  Magyar  Tudomanyaa 
Akad^mia  Nyelvtudomanyi  Bizottsaga,  szerkeszti,   Hunfolvy  PiL 
Hatodik  Kutet,  Fiizet,   ebo  masodik,  harmadik ;  Hetedik  Kotet,  , 
El3o  Fillet : — Ertekezeaek  A.  Tcrmeszettudomauyi  Osztiily  Kor^leol. 
Kiadja  a  Magyar  Tudomanyos  Akadcmia  Aa  Osztoly  Eendelet« 
bol,  szerkesgti,   Gregurs  Gyula,  levelezo  taq  ;  Tzam  1,  IX,  XI^ — 
Xm : — ^A   Magj*ar  THdomanyos    Akademia    Jegyzokiiny,    1867, 
Fuzet  1-2,  Almanach  1867,  1868,  1860, :— Nyelvtudomanyi  Kozle- " 
menyek,  Otiidik  Kotot,  FUzet  Elso,  Masodik,  Harmadik : — Ertesituje  ' 
Elsd  Evfolyam,  szaai  1,—  17:   Miaodik  Evfolyam,  sz&m,  1 — 20. —  j 
A.   Maqyak  Tudomanyas  Akademia,  Pest, 

Abstract  of  PiH>cee<ling8  of  the  Mahomodan  Literary  Society  of  ^ 
Calcutta,  1871. — The  Mahomedan  Lit.  Societt  of  Oalcdtta. 

Historical  and  Stutiatieol  Memoir  of  the  Gha2eex>ur  District,  by| 
W*  Oldham,  B.  0.  S  ,  LL.  D.,  part  I.— The  Author, 

Eeport  on  the  Hill  of  Mohendragiri  and  the  mitiYe  part  of 
Barwah,  by  C.  Palmer,  Esq.,  M.  D.,  Capt.  W.  O.  Murray,  and  V. 
Ball,  Esq.,  B,  A.— Dr.  0.  Palmeh, 


1871.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  157 

A  Lecture  on  the  Modem  Buddhistic  Eesoarches  by  Babu  Ram 
Da8s  Sen. — The  Author. 

Introduction  to  a  Philosophical  Grammar  of  Arabic,  by  G.  W. 
Leitner. — The  Authok. 

The  Topography  of  the  Mogid  Empire  as  known  to  the  Dutch 
in  1631,  by  E.  Lethbridge,  M.  A. — The  Authok. 

English  Legislation  for  India  by  A.  M.  Broadley. — The 
Author. 

The  Calcutta  Journal  of  Medicine,  Nos.  7 — 12. — The  Editor. 

TJber  das  Eamayan  von  A.  Weber. — H.  Blochmann,  Esq. 

Christian  Spectator,  No.  I. — Eev.  C.  B.  Lewis. 

Outlines  of  Amharicby  Eev.  C.  H.  Blumhardt; — Historical  Notice 
concerning  Calcutta; — A  Manual  of  Geography  by  Major  T. 
Candy ; — The  Holy  Bible  in  Short  Hand ; — The  Parsee  Acts  by 
Sarabjee  Shapoorjee  Bengalee ; — Phonetic  Journal,  Vol.  23 : — Eev. 

J.  LONO. 

Eeport  on  the  Financial  Eesults  of  the  Excise  Administration  in 
the  Lower  Provinces,  1869 — 70  ; — Eeport  on  the  Cultivation  and 
preparation  of  Tabacco  in  India,  by  Dr.  Forbes  Watson.— The 
Government  of  Bengal. 

Selections  from  the  Eecords  of  the  Bombay  Government,  Nos. 
118,  119. — The  Government  of  Bombay. 

P%i.rchase. 

Eeeve's  Conchologia  Iconica,  284 — 287. — Quarterly  Eeview 
April  1871. — American  Journal  of  Science,  Nos.  3  and  4. — L.  E. 
and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine,  No.  274. — Comptes  Eendus 
Nos.  15 — 17. — Feer's  Etudes  Bouddhiques,  pr.  serie. — Vambery's 
Uigurische  Sprachmonumente  imd  das  Kudatker  Bilik. — Semper's 
Holothurien,  Band  I. — De  Goeje  Bibliotheca  Geographica  Arabi- 
corum. — Eeise  in  Hadramaut. — Spiegel's  Eranische  Alterthums- 
kunde,  Band  I. — Lexicon  Latino-Japonicum. — Darwin's  Descent 
of  Man,  Vols.  1,  2. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OP  BENGAL 

FOR  August,  1871. 


The  montbly  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Wednesday 
the  2nd  instant,  at  9  o'clock,  p.  m. 

The  Hon'ble  Mr.  Justice  Phear,  President,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 
Presentations  were  announced — 

1.  From  Father  M.  Lafont, — a  copy  of  Eesults  of  Meteorolo- 
gical Observations,  made  at  St.  Xavier's  College  Observatory, 
during  the  first  half  of  1871. 

2.  From  Babu  Prtinkissen  Chatterji, — a  stone  seal,  found  west 
of  Bard  win. 

The  inscription  of  the  seal  has  not  yet  been  deciphered. 

3.  From  C.  R.  Markham,  Esq., — a  copy  of  '  Memoir  on  the 
Indian  Surveys.* 

4.  From  H.  F.  Blanford,  Esq., — a  copy  of  Tamil  Grammar  by 
Bev.  C.  T.  E.  Rhenius, — and  a  copy  of  Tamil  and  English  Dictionary 
by  Rev.  J.  P.  Rottler. 

Babu  Gungaprasdd,  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  last 
meeting,  was  elected  an  ordinary  member. 

The  following  gentlemen  are  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting. 

E.  T.  Atkinson,  Esq.,  C.  S.  (for  re-election),  proposed  by  Dr.  F. 
Stoliczka,  seconded  by  Mr.  H.  Blochmann. 

Robert  Fellowes  Chisholm,  Esq.,  Consulting  Architect  to  the 
Government  of  Madras,  proposed  by  L.  Schwendler,  Esq.,  seconded 
by  Dr.  F.  Day. 


160  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Soeiety,  [Auo, 

Capt.  S.  B.  Miles,  Bombay  S.  C,  Asst.  Pol.  Agent,  Quader, 
Mukran,  proposed  by  L.  Scliwendler,  Esq.,  seconded  by  Col. 
J.  F.  Tennant. 

Henry  Buckle,  Esq.,  Asst.  Commissioner,  British  Burma,  pro- 
posed by  Dr.  T.  Oldham,  seconded  by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

The  following  papers  were  read — 

I.     Some  remarks  on  the  connectioit  between  Inertia 
AND  Time,  hy  W.  E.  Ayrton,  Esq., 

The  following  was  written  not  on  account  of  its  actual  novelty, 
but  because  the  ideas  contained  in  it  will  probably  be  new  to  the 
majority  of  those  present. 

Of  all  the  properties  of  matter  inertia  is,  I  think,  the  one  least 
understood  by  the  general  reader.  With  weight,  hardness,  friction, 
elasticity,  &c.  he  is  perfectly  familiar,  but  that  matter  possesses 
another  property  as  important  as  any  one  of  those  I  have  men- 
tioned never  seems  to  present  itself  to  him.  K  you  ask  an 
ordinary  practical  man  why  it  is  difficidt  to  set  a  massive  fly-wheel 
in  motion,  he  will  probably  say  on  account  of  the  weight  and 
friction.  The  friction  certainly  does  in  a  small  degree  prevent 
motion  being  given,  but  this  can  to  a  great  extent  be  overcome 
by  tlie  bearings  of  the  fly-wheel  being  well  made. 

And  not  only  is  it  difficult  to  set  a  massive  fly-wheel  in  motion, 
but  it  is  difficult  to  stop  such  a  wheel  wlien  in  motion.  This 
ccrtuiiily  is  not  caused  by  friction,  since  the  friction  would  itself 
tend  to  stop  the  motion. 

Tlie  weight  too  cannot  in  the  least  prevent  motion  being  given 
to,  or  taken  away  from,  a  well  balanced  wheel,  since  the  action  of 
the  earth  on  each  side  of  the  wheel  is  exactly  the  same. 

There  is,  therefore,  another  property  that  matter  possesses — its 
inability  to  change  its  own  state  of  rest  or  motion.  This  property 
which  is  called  inertia  is  best  defined  by  Newton's  law  **  Every 
b(jdy  continues  in  its  state  of  rest,  or  of  uniform  motion  in  a  straight 
line,  except  in  so  far  as  it  may  be  compelled  by  impressed  forces 
to  change  that  state."  Now,  by  uniform  motion  we  mean  moving 
through  equal  spaces  in  equal  times,  or  rather  we  should  say,  we 
call  those  times  equal  during  which  a  body  unacted  upon  by  any 


1871.] 


Proe$€ding$  of  the  Asiaiic  Sociei^, 


161 


forca  doderlbes  e<}ual  spaces ;  far  no  person  lias  an  innate  per* 
ception  of  equal  times.  Nobody  can  from  liis  inner  consoiousnesa I 
8sy  one  time  is  equal  to  another.  Hours  and  minutes  are  aa  arbi- 
trary in  their  conceptloni  and  require  just  as  much  explanation 
as  degrees  of  temperature.  By  general  consent  the  earth  is  the 
stamlard  body  that  has  been  selected  to  determine  equal  timea 
by  iU  motion,  so  that  according  to  Newton's  law  those  times  J 
are  called  equal  during  which  tho  earth  describes  equal  spaces, 
or  better  during  which  any  particular  mertclional  plane  describes 
equEd  angles.  In  fact  when  a  person  spenks  of  minutes  or 
hours,  he  is  tacifUy  assuming  the  fact  of  the  earth*8  inertia. 
And  for  eomx)aring  time  without  the  aid  of  the  eartVs  rotation, 
clocks  are  used  in  which  the  condition  of  a  body  in  motion,  prac- 
tically unacted  upon  by  any  fon^e,  is  arrived  at  by  compensating 
by  the  action  of  a  compressed  B|)ring  or  otherwise  for  the  inevi- 
table forces  of  friction. 

The  earth  and  moon  regarded  as  a  mechanical  system  possess 
a  certain  amount  of  *'  energy/*  or  power  to  do  work.  This  energy 
ia  partly  potential,  that  isi  energy  depending  on  the  relative 
position  of  the  earth  and  moon,  and  partly  kinetic,  that  \b^  en  orgy 
dependiJig  on  the  two  bodies  being  in  motion.  Now  the  earth's 
daily  rotation  produoea  tides  by  the  mutual  attraction  of  the  aea 
and  moon,  and  as  the  motion  of  the  sea  on  the  surface  of  the  eart! 
is  retarded  by  tidal  friction  a  certain  amouat  of  the  energy  pos 
sessed  by  the  system  muat  bo  lost  in  overcoming  the  friction  or  in 
generating  heat. 

One  ellect  of  this  loss  of  energy  is  to  cause  the  periods  of  rota- 
tion of  the  earth  round  its  axis  and  of  the  moon  round  the  earth 
become  more  and  more  equal,  or  in  other  words  to  make  the 
rperiod  of  the  earth's  diurnal  rotation  gradually  longer  and  longer. 
The  earth  is,  therefore,  not  a  true  time*keeper,  and  if  a  chrono- 
meter were  set  now  to  keep  true  sideral  time,  we  should  ex- 
pecft,  if  the  chronometer  neither  gained  nor  lost,  to  find  at  the 
end  of  a  lapse  of  years,  that  it  was  apparently  too  faat,  if  com- 
pared  with  the  then  true  sideral  time.  Such  a  chronometer  it 
has  been  calculated  would  at  the  end  of  a  ceutuj-y  be  apparently 
0*44  of  a  minute  too  fajst. 


102 


Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Socwi^* 


[Ara*  I 


To  compare,  tlierefore,  time  at  one  period  of  the  earth's  existence 
with  time  at  another  period  we  require,  in  addition  to  the  sidoral 
and  Bolar  second,  a  mechanical  second  which  would  bo  doEned  aa 
tJie  pmod,  or  a  definite  portion  of  the  period  of  vibration  of  a 
body  practically  quite  unacted  upon  by  any  force.  Such  a  timo- 
keeper  haa  boon  made  at  the  University  of  Glasgow  and  consists 
of  a  spring  pendulum  truly  balanced  about  its  centre  of  inertia 
and  hermetically  sealed  in  an  exhausted  glass  tube.  The  vibra- 
tions of  such  a  pendulum  are  of  course  not  in  the  least  affected  by 
the  earth,  and  could  only  be  influenced  by  the  little  air  that  has 
unavoidably  been  left  iu  the  tube  producing  some  change  in  the 
metal  of  which  the  pendulum  is  composed,  The  number  of  vibra* 
tions  of  the  pendulum  per  second  are  carefidly  counted  now,  and 
will  be  counted  again  at  some  future  pex-iod,  when  the  number 
will  be  apparently  greater  per  second  than  it  ia  now,  since  a 
sidereal  second  then  will  roally  be  a  longer  time  than  a  sidereal 
second  now.  In  this  way  the  actual  loss  of  speed  of  the  earth's 
diurnal  rotation  can  be  practically  measured. 


Col.  Tennant  said : — 

He  did  not  see  how  our  idea  of  inertia  involved  an  idea  of 
time,  Inertia  was  the  passive  power  by  which  change  of  state 
was  resisted,  and  when  a  body  was  at  rest  there  was  no  ques- 
tion of  time  involved  ;  but  he  had  not  come  prujMircd  to  discuss 
this  point  in  detail.  The  paper  seemed  to  be  mainly  leading 
to  the  question  which  had  lately  been  raised  as  to  the  effect  of  the 
tides  in  retoi'diug  the  Earth's  rotaTiun  on  its  axis,  and  he 
thought  some  account  of  this  nught  be  interesting, 

lie  (CoL  T)  would  remark  on  Mr,  Ayrion's  statemont  that  an 
increase  in  the  duration  of  a  revolution  of  0.44  of  a  minute  in  a 
century  has  been  found  by  calcidation.  The  whole  tidal  problem  is 
of  extreme  complication,  and  in  its  generality  cannot  be  touched  by 
analysis*  The  motion  of  the  waiter  hah  been  deduced  on  certain 
hypotheses  which  are  very  far  indeed  from  representing  existent 
facts.  Thus  we  have  some  knowledge  of  what  the  motion  would  be 
in  a  canal  surrounding  the  earth  equatfirially  and  of  uniform,  or  great, 
depth  and  section,  or  in  similur  canals  passing  through  the  polos  ; 


1871.] 


PrQC$iding$  of  th  Mtattc  Bmd^, 


US 


also  in  canals  of  comparatively  Bhott  length ;  and  in  various  coses 
la  canals  where  the  wave  is  derived  from  a  tide  wave  in  the  sea. 
The  last  case  does  not  concern  this  problem  greatly,  and  as  regards 
the  former  cases  the  conditionB  imposed  by  the  necessities  of  analysis 
make  the  results  rather  representations  of  the  kind  of  phenomenon, 
than  capable  of  giving  accurate  values  by  calculation.  Of  course 
when  on  any  such  hypothesis  a  theoretical  result  has  been  obtained, 
which  tihows  that  a  retardation  would  take  place  in  the  earth's  ve- 
locity of  rotation,  it  is  easy  to  assign  values  to  the  constants  and  to 
deduce  a  numerical  result,  but  such  result^s  should  be  considered  as 
arithmetictd  exercises,  and  not  as  r«_nd  deductiuu"^  proved.  It  was 
▼ery  much  to  be  regretted,  CoL  Tennant  thought,  tliat  mathematicians 
who  calculate  such  thing*  occasionally  give  iho  results  without  those 
words  of  caution  which  would  prevent  their  being  misunderstood. 

This  matter  has  of  late  received  a  great  importance  from  the 
strong  suspicion  that  there  is  a  true  retardation  of  sensible  amount, 
and  the  evidence  is  quite  unconnected  with  any  invustigationa  into 
the  tides.  It  was  found  very  soon  after  accurate  observations  of 
the  Moon  were  taken,  that  the  time  of  describing  its  orbit  was 
i  than  formerly,  it  being  quite  impossible  to  represent  old  Edip- 
by  calculating  from  the  known  elements*  For  long  it  was 
found  impossible  to  account  for  this  phenomenon  from  gravity : 
at  lust  Laplace  deduced  a  result  from  this  cause  which  so  com- 
pletely coincided  with  that  necessary  to  exi>lain  the  old  Eclipses, 
that  he  thought  himself  jostiEed  in  asserting  that  the  sidereal 
day  bji<l  not  varied  by  ^^^  of  a  second  between  the*  time  of 
HipXTfirehus  and  hia  day.  His  results  were  conJirmed  almost  idija^ 
tically  by  Lagrange,  and  till  very  recently  were  accepted,  wilii  their 
consequence  that  any  action  of  the  tides  was  rejectaneous.  Lately, 
however,  Mr,  J,  C.  Adams  in  llie  course  of  a  re-oxauii nation  ol'tho 
Lunar  Theory  was  led  to  a  diilcrent  result.  Ha  found  that  the  true 
theoretical  value  of  the  Moon*s  acceleration  only  served  to  explain 
about  half  of  the  observed  cliange  in  its  motion  of  which  the  rest  had 
to  be  explained.  This  conclusion  was  hotly  disputed.  French  mathe- 
maticians, jealous  of  the  honor  of  their  counlr^-man,  upheld  his  re- 
sults, but  Mr.  Adams*  reasoning  was  unanswerable  and  has  prevailed; 
it  is  acknowledged  now  that  gra\dty  alone  dues  not  produce  the 


164 


Prcceedingi  cf  the  Atiatie  S&cifty, 


[Auo, 


celeration  of  the  Moon^s  motion*  It  lias  been  BUggefifted  that  tUo 
otlier  supposed  to  fill  space,  and  whose  exidtenoe  had  been  ooii« 
Bidered  probable  from  the  peculiarities  of  the  motion  of  Encke'al 
comet  produced  a  similar  though  less  rosidt  on  the  moon,  but  De- 
launay  suggested  that  the  tides  ehould  produce  a  retardation  ul 
the  Earth's  velooity  which  might  account  for  it. 

iSinee  then  the   theoretical   discussion  of  the  result  of  the  tidal ' 

ion  has  been  in  question.    Col.  Tennant  had  not  been  in  the  way 
"of  seeing  all  the  solutions,  but  the  problem  is  very  intrioato  ©von  on 
the  limited  h^-potheses   which  render  it  analytically  possible.     The, 
Astronomer  Boyal  has  shown  that  on  tlie  supposition  of  a  cana 
equatorially  surrounding  the  earth,   the  result  of  using  the  firafi 
order  of  8mall  quantities  only   in  the    solution  is   tliat  the  frictioa 
produces  no  efi«ct  on  the  velocity  of  revolution,  but  that  it  retardal 
the  moon.     This  is  precisely  the  opposite  of  the  result  sought,  but 
he  has  also  found  in  tbo  terms  of  the   second   order  one  wliicUj 
would  retard  the  earth. 

This  or  any  thing  similar  is  Tery  far  fi*om  giving  a  trustworthy  | 
value  of  the  retuiniation,  however,  and  he  (CoL  T.)  would  oautioa] 
ail  to  hesitate  before  giving  faith  to  ligures  on  this  subject. 


Mr-  Ayrton  repbed  : — 

With  reference  to  Colonel  Tennaut^s  remark  that  "  Inertia  ia , 
the  passive  power  by  which  change  of  state  is  resiated,  and  that 
when   a  body   is   at   rest  there  ia  no  question  of  time  involved,^*] 
it  wUl  be  obvious  that  the   first  half  of  tliis   sentence   related 
two  things,  a  body  at  rest  and  a   body  in   motion,  whereas   thol 
Becond   htdf  of  the  sentence  refers  only  to  a  body  at  rest.     Kowl 
as  regards  a  body  in  motion^  inertia  is  the  property  it  possesses  to  ' 
move  uniformly.     What,  I  ask,  is  meant  by  moving  uniformly  if  na 
reference  is  to  be  made  to  time  ?  Also  what  is  meant  by  equvl 
times,  if  no  reference  ia  to  be  made  to  the  inertia  of  a  body  in  mo- 
tion ?  I  therefore  maintain,  as  before,  that  the  two  ideas  inertia  oud 
-equal  times  are  ao  intimately  connected|  that  neither  can  be  es« 
lained  without  reference  to  the  other. 

What  follows  in  Colunel  Tennant's  remarks  rather  tends  to  show 
the  di&eulty  of  applying  direct  calculation  to  the   aetual  motion  oC 


1871,] 


Pr^eadin^a  of  th  Asiatic  Soeieif* 


\&r* 


tiie  fiea^  tlian  to  show  that  a  retardation  of  the  earth  does  not  ext»t 
OT  that  the  rate  of  this  retardation  could  tiot  bo  calrulated*  The 
ealculatioTi  to  which  I  have  filhided  of  0.44  of  a  mintite  and  to  which 
Colonel  Tennant  objects  so  stronglj  was  ohtained  in  the  folio  wing* 
wajhy  Pruf  Thomson,  Mr,  Adams  and  Prof.  Tait  working  together. 
Hhey  started  with  the  assumption  that  the  known  difference  between 
the  acceleration  of  the  moon  relative  to  the  earth,  as  calculated  by 
Mr.  Adams,  and  the  actual  relative  acceleration,  as  observed  by 
Mr.  Dunthorne,  was  due  to  tidal  friction,  and  then  by  allowing  for 
the  necessary  consequent  retardation  of  the  moon's  mean  motion, 
and  using  a  certuin  aasiunption  with  regard  to  the  proportion  of 
the  retardations  due  to  the  moon  and  8Uii|  they  arrived  at  the 
result  I  have  given.  Now  with  reference  to  the  general  question, 
indopoudenlly  of  any  calculation,  it  appears  to  me  that  as  long 
as  the  sea  moves  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  there  must  be 
tidal  friction.  Friction  must  produce  heat.  Heut  jiroducod  in  any 
system  of  bodies  must  to  a  certain  extent  be  dissipated  uuleas 
the  heated  bodies  be  surrounded  by  a  perfectly  non-conducting 
thermal  enveh^po,  a  tluTig  of  course  quite  unknown,  Wlierover, 
therefore,  heat  is  produced,  there  must  be  a  certiun  losa  of  energy. 
And  the  loss  of  energy  in  the  case  in  question  must  cause  a  retar* 
dation  in  the  earth^s  diurnal  rotation,  unless  thero  exists  some 
other  cause  not  yet  nscertained  which  compensates  for  this  loss  of 
energy.  The  connection,  therefore,  between  tidal  friction  and  tlie 
imdoubted  fact  of  the  earth's  retardation  possesses,  I  think,  a  high 
degree  of  probability. 


The  President  understood  Mr.  Ayrton'fl  remarka  on  Inertia  to 
be  intended  to  lead  up  to  the  principal  topic  of  his  short  paper, 
Mr.  Adams  demonstrated,  now  many  years  ago,  that  I^aphice'e 
celebrated  explanation  of  the  Moon*s  acceleration  was  not  nearly 
so  complete  as  it  liad  been  thought  to  be^  It  left  about  one  half 
of  the  inequality  unaccounted  for.  But,  to  discover  the  true  causa 
of  this  residuum  was  a  task  of  the  greatest  difficulty.  Any  one 
who  liad  practical  experience  in  dealiog  with  the  formal pp  of  the 
Lunar  Theory  would  know  quite  well  how  complicated  the  problem 
was.    The  best  supposition — one  he  believed  that  was  at  this  time 


IfiG  Proceedings  ofih$  AiiaUc  Society.  [kiin\ 

generally  accepted, — seemed  to  be  that  the  earth's  angular  velocity ' 
of  rotation,   an  ingredient  in  the  ealeulation^  wa«  not  cai&staiit  as 
it  had  always  been  assumed,   but  was  slowly  diuiiutshlug.     The  i 
tide-action  on   the  surface  of  the    globe  is  cousiderel   by   many  J 
eminent  physleists  sufficient  to  bring  about  saoh  a  result.     Oa  thai 
olher  hand,   if  the  earth  is  contracting  in  radius  by  a  procees  of  j 
cooling  denudation  or  degradation  an  acceleration  of  rotation  to  I 
some  extent  would  be  the  eonaequeuce.     Hence  it  beoomes  a^ 
matter  of  interest,  if  possible,  to  contrive  an  accurate  time-knoper  ] 
who  should  be  independent   of  the  earth's  rotation,  and  servo  toj 
make  its  deviation  from  constancy  indinputable.     Ho   would   bdJ 
glad  if  Mr.  Ayrton  wo^Ud  kiniUy  explain  the  particular  mode  tti 
which  this  end  wad  sought  to  be  attained  in  the  case  of  the    Glas- 
gow instrument. 

Mr.  Ayrton  said  : — 

The  pendulum  at  the  Glasgow  University  to  which  I  referred  ia  j 
made  simply  on  the  principle  of  the  balance  wheel  of  a  watch,  that  | 
is,  a  certain  mass  of  metal  is  made  to  oscillate  by  the  action  of  a 
spring,  and  iudepondently  of  the  action  of  gravity.  The  friction, 
howeveTp  of  the  pivot  of  the  balance  wheel  is  obviated  by  the  wheel 
and  spring  being  virtually  in  one.  The  arrangement  can  be  best 
understood  by  imagining  a  straight  flat  piece  of  spring  rigiiUy 
fixed  at  one  end  and  havliig  a  mass  of  metal  fixed  at  the  other 
end  which  mass  oscillates  in  a  horizontal  piano  by  the  action  of  the 
spring.  The  actual  arrangement  of  the  pen d alum  is  really  mora 
oomplicatod  tlian  this,  but  the  principal  of  action  is  as  described. 

As  regards  the  President's  remark  that  the  earth  by  contracting  j 
may  acquire  sufficient  acceleration  to  compensate  for  the  retarda- 
tion prtidueed  by  tidal  friction,  I  would  mention  that  Laplace  proved  < 
solely  fi*om  Fourier's  tlieory  of  the  conduction  of  heat  that   tha  j 
acceleration  of  the  earth's  diurnal  rotation  produced  by  shrinking 
from  cooling  could  not  have  amounted  to  ^J^th  of  a  socontl  in  tite 
last  2,000  years.     Sir  William  Thomson  has  also  shown  that  the 
acceleration  from  this  cause  must  bo  extremely  small  compared 
with  the  probable  retardation  produced  by  tidal  friction. 


1871.] 


Frtc4§im(f9  of  tht  AttUiic  BacUty, 


107 


IL— AccomiT  OF  A  viarr  to  tub  Eastkuh  akd  Northsrh  fkontixb 

OF    IKDEPENDEJrT    SlILKIM,     WITH    NOTES    ON    TDK  ZOOLOGY    OF 
ALPHfE  AND  SUB-ALPDrE  BEOIONS,   %  W.    T.     BlaNFORD,    F.    G.    8., 

C-  M.  Z.  S.  (AhtmctJ 

Mr,  W.  T,  Blanford  gave  a  brief  account  of  a  journey  he  had 
made  in  company  with  Captain  Elwes  to  the  Eastern  and  Northern 
frontiera  of  Sikkim  in  August,  Septomber,  and  October,  I81O, 
Starting  from  Darjiling  on  the  13th  August,  they  tToaaed  the  Tista 
to  K&lingpung  in  the  Daling  Di'iar  of  BhiUin,  and  thence  marched, 
by  Phyddong,  Rhinok,  Chusachen  and  Lingtu,  to  the  foot  of  tho 
Jolep*ld,  a  pass  leading  into  the  Chfimbi  valley  of  Tibet,  considera- 
bly to  the  south  of  the  Yakli.  Tlieir  objett  waR,  if  unopposed, 
to  cross  this  pass  and  march  up  the  Chumbi  valley  to  the  Tankra-la 
and  to  cross  that  to  lilchiing,  thna  reaching  the  upper  Tiata  drainago 
by  a  shorter  and  pleasant er  road  at  this  season  than  the  hot  and  \?et 
Tiata  valley.  However,  they  found,  their  plans  were  known  at 
Clnimbi  where  the  E4ja  of  Sikkim  was  staying,  and  the  frontier 
wafl  guarded.  They  spent  a  day  near  the  Jelep-M  which  is  under 
HOOO  ft*  in  height,  and  then  marchud  northwards  along  tlie  west 
slope  of  the  Chola  range  to  Chuman&ko  near  the  ChoM,  On  their 
road  they  passed  3  lakes,  each  \i  to  2  miles  in  length,  larger  thai|4 
any  hitherto  mapped  in  Sikkim  and  known  as  the  Bidan-tso,] 
Nemi*tso  and  Tanyek-tso.  They  also  passed,  besides  the  Yakl^^ 
an  unmapped  paaa  called  the  Gnatui-U. 

At  Chumanako  they  found  the  Eaja  of  SikHm,  who  had  com<»  ] 
from  Chiinibi  to  meet  them,  and  begged  them  not  to  attempt  to* 
enter  Tibetan  territory.     They^  therefore,  had  to  march  round  by 
Tamldng  and  the  upper  Tista  valley  to  Lichung.     They  remained 
for  Bonie  days  in  the  Lac  bung  valley  at  elevations  of  from  8000  to  * 
IC,0U0  feet  and  made  a  considerable  collection  of  bii'ds*     The  fauna 
is   distinctly  Pahe-arctic,  a  complete  change  taking  place  from  the 
Malay  fauna  of  Sikkim,  when  pine   fore^iU   are   entered  at  about 
8,000   feet*     Leemmorgeyers,    ravens,   crowa,    ehougha,  tita^    tree- 
creepers,  redstarts,  larks,  pipits  and  finches,  pheasanta  and  »nnw 
partridges   are  the   commouent  bird^.     Tho  mammala  are   burhul, 
goraJ^  seroWp  bears  and  Lagvmy$, 


166 


Pro^geaiwjs  of  Oi$  AMtaiic  Socieijf. 


[Auo. 


On  attemptlug  to  pass  from  the  Lachung  to  the  Ldchan  valley 
by  the  Donkiu  pass  and  the  small  portion  of  the  upper  Lachen 
vallijy  which  ia  in  Tibet,  the  travellera  found  themselree  again 
stopped  by  the  Tibetans.  After  two  or  thi-ee  days  negotiation,  a 
much  Iiigher  official,  the  governor  of  Kambajong,  anuved,  and 
with  much  politenosa  said  he  was  obUged  to  refuRG  to  alU)w  them 
t^  pass,  as  he  had  just  received  special  orders  on  the  subject  from 
Jigatsd  and  Lhassa.  They  were,  thereforoi  compolled  again  to 
descend  to  the  hot  Tista  valley,  and  mako  10  long  Tunrches  in- 
stead of  2  short  ones  to  reaeh  lilongra  Lama  pass  or  Djo^kong- 
tongj  the  Tibetan  frontier  in  the  Lachon  valley,  Ilere  tliey 
again  met  the  Siibd  of  Kambajong,  who  hail  procured  some  Of  14 
ainmm  and  goa  skins,  and  4  live  Si/rrhapttfi  2\hetanus  for  them. 
They  obtiuned  fi'om  him  a  little  information  concerning  Tibot, 
the  most  interesting  of  which  was  the  absolute  prohibition  of  all 
imports  of  tea  from  Sikkim, 

Around  Kongra  Lama  they  obtained  a  few  birds  not  elsewhere 
seen,  amongst  them  a  new  Mont ifi'ing ilia.  They  left  tlie  pass  oa 
the  5th  October  and»  marching  bark  by  the  Tista  valley,  reached 
Darjiling  again  on  the  20th.  In  conclusion,  Mr.  Blanford  briefly 
described  some  of  the  traces  of  former  glaciers  which  ho  had  seen. 
None  were  noticed  on  the  Chold  range  below  12000  foot  ulevation, 
but  in  tho  upper  Tista  valley  glacial  markings  descended  to  be- 
tween 5000  and  6000  ft.  He  especially  noticed  the  great  mo- 
raines of  the  Ldchi'mg  and  Lachen  valleys,  described  by  Hooker^ 
and  expressed  on  opinion  that  the  plains  of  Ph&lung,  four  miles  long 
by  two  miles  broad,  were  entirely  composed  of  moraine  accumula- 
tions, probably  derived  from  the  gi'eat  glacier  which  paased  down 
the  Lachen  valley* 


Dr.  Stoliczka  8ai<l^ — ho  would  not  enter  into  the  numerous  details 
of  observations  made  by  Mr.  Blauford  on  his  interesting  tour,  but 
only  tillude  to  one  or  two  points  noticed  by  him.  Keferring  to  tho 
difficulties  which  every  traveller  has  at  tho  present  time  tu  encoun- 
ter in  erosfiing  the  Tibetan  frontier,  it  would  appear,  as  if  tho 
Europeans  had,  so  to  eay,  come  into  discredit  with  the  Tibotana 
within  the  laet  20  years.     Some  30  or  40  years  ago,  tho  diiiicultieo 


were  hr  imr  Jk.*\  so  CPeaJ,  as  severjil  E^T.^T*ft*^»  liJi^  >v^<r,  a'^k'.-  t,^ 
enter  Tiber  liiposi^  Bliatin,  KiaajwBi  *r5»i  lih^  ::^i2cf  vaIj*';^  >  1j  \* 
renurlrable  far  inssanoe  dial  the  tVv>  RoTajo.  <0«ihi\:i.'  M;^.'»TiAr:,'«* 
Hue  asd  Gabbet  wei^  allowed  pdaoofalV  t<^  <9Viji<^  th^  >r>5,vf  ..f 
Eastern  Hbet  and  Xorih  China,  even  aiV<^T  lii^T  kai  V^wr,  <n\^vC  \x^ 
from  Tiiaasaa-  It  is  bv  BO  xoeans  Uki^ilT  T^a}  a  £aftTv>T>Ma^  >ro<:^'i  S^ 
eqnallT  weQ  treated  at  the  pi>d9i»it  timok  .V»d  $«kU  oYv«r  oia^  ^)^<> 
appnndied  anj  part  of  the  bonder  <if  that  vas)  niakih>vii  <v^»;;^1TT 
will  nndesstand  the  anxietr  of  a  traT«ller  to  pivv«tW  mtv>  ih^  iiit^^vr 
of  Hbet,  where  neariy  everything  i$  new  t.^  the  obs^wnror.  Ivi^lUn 
officers  had,  sometimes  under  the  grMit^^t  «irffi\ndtieis  detv^ni  th^Ht 
time  to  exploie  the  sonrcets  of  rivers  of  other  conntri^  whilf>  no  lUio 
has  as  yet  made  an  earnest  attempt,  or  at  any  rato  not  8tt«x^\UH)^  t^^ 
diflcorer  the  sources  of  the  river  from  which  India  derin>»  h«r  nani<t)^ 
If  his  (Dr.  St')  memory  serves  him  right,  he  thought^  that  the  only 
reliable  knowledge  we  have  of  the  sources  of  the  Indu»  ic»  a  »ta<^ 
ment  by  Moorcroft  in  his  travels,  that  a  range  of  hilb  sox>arativ»  tho 
sources  of  the  Indus  from,  the  Hansarovara  lakes,  but  it  i»  not 
even  perfectly  certain  whether  Moorvroft  had  soon  these  ih>uv\hvjI| 
or  not.  A  subject  of  such  general  interest^  as  this,  w\>uld  by  it- 
self warrant  the  equipment  of  an  expedition  to  Uit^e  unknown 
regions.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  tlio  endeavours  of  tlie  Onvit  IVi^ 
gonometrical  Survey  to  increase  our  knowledge  of  tlio  geograpli^*  of 
Tibet  will  sooner  or  later  solve  this  pn>blem. 

With  regard  to  the  personal  objections  whi<>h  Tibetann  mnko  to 
Europeans,  attempting  to  cross  the  frontier  lVi>iu  tho  Kunnion  and 
Ladak  side,  Dr.  Stoliczka  thought,  they  nppoarod  ti>  hiiu  to  bo 
chiefly  of  a  commercial  nature.  The  Chinoso  as  rulers  of  tho 
country  have  a  monopoly  in  supplying  Tibet  with  tea,  opiutu  antl 
all  articles  of  luxury  connected  with  tlie  Bhudhist  rt^igion; 
and  because  they  are  afraid  of  losing  this  monopoly,  thoy  n)t\i8o 
Europeans  access  to  the  country.  Naturally  there  aro  besides 
these  other  reasons,  as  for  indtanoo  love  for  ruling  or  protiH«tion 
to  a  co-religionist,  &c.,  but  those  seem  to  be  of  minor  importanoo. 
The  Tibetans  themselves  aro  not  directly  hostile  to  Europeans ; 
they  invariably  say  that  they  liavo  ortlors  not  to  allow  Europeff 
to  cross  tho  frontier,  and  tliat  if  they  would  allow  it,  their  he 


170 


ProctvilhigB  of  the  Aiiaiic  Soe^wfy. 


[Aro. 


would  be  burned  down  and  they  tbemselTes  killed  or  expelled 
from  the  country.  A  European  when  ho  goea  into  Tibet  from 
Knmaon,  Spiti  or  East^em  Lartak  is  not  opposed  with  force,  but 
he  is  starved  out.  The  success  of  an  expedition  into  these  regions 
rests,  theroforo,  principally  in  provisioning  a  party  for  a  couple 
of  months,  which  it  is  certainly  not  difficult  to  do* 

Another  point  to  which  Mr.  Blanford  alluded  was  the  abseueo 
of  any  large  moraines  in  the  lower  parts  of  Sikkim.  The  abscnc^e 
of  any  very  extensive  traces  of  glacial  action  in  the  N»  W.  Hima- 
laya is  equally  remarkable,  as  compared  for  instance  with  the  Alps. 
Large  moraines  and  glacial  deposits  are  in  the  N.  W.  Hinialayaa 
chiefly  conEned  to  the  central  range  and  to  the  north  of  it.  In  the 
valleys  on  the  southern  side  of  the  N.  W,  Himalayas  traces  of  old 
debris  may  be  often  seen  3000  and  4000  feet  above  the  present 
level  of  the  rivers,  but  these  accumulations  appear  with  very  few 
exceptions  to  be  common  river  deposits. 

The  foUowing  commumcations  have  been  received : 

HL     A  FIFTH  List  of  Benqai.  Aloae,  hetejimixed  by  Dr.  Q,  v. 
Martens,  communicated  htj  Mr.  S.  Kcnz. 

No,  2758.  Omllaria  mterrupta^  Martens.  On  muddy  ground  of 
dried-up  tanks,  Hot,  gardens,  Calcutta. 

2759.  Anahtmia  moUiA^  Kg. — Calcutta  Botanic  gardens,  on  mud 
along  the  edges  ol  tanks,  and  in  water. 

2760,  Eifdrocohum  vtolaceum^  Martens,  n.  sp. 

Cojspite  atroviolaceo  ;  vaginis  diametro  1/180  ad  1/150  lin.,  arc^fl^ 
pellucidls;  fills  inclusia  ternis  v.  pluribus,  llexnosis,  1/360  lin* 
crassis,  pallide  violaceis,  obsolete  articulatis  ;  articuUs  granulatis, 
diametro  triplo  brevioribus. — Calcutta,  in  stagnant  waters  of  the 
Botanic  gardens. 

52.  L^n^hya  cincmnata^  Kg,,  invested  by  Glmotila  amcatenaia^ 
and  colourless  inartictdato  filaments  like  L^piothrtx^  but  in- 
determinable.— Seebpore,  Howroh,  in  swamps  and  tanks,  inha- 
biting the  culms  of  grasses. 

2763  Mdoc  grei)arium,  Thuret. — Botanic  garden,  Calcutta,  on 
inllorescences  of  a  Fimbristiflkf  submerged  in  a  tank. 

(Unicum.)     Oicillaria  Froelichu^  Kg,,  irith  the  some  Lrftoihrim 


1871.]  rroc^in^$  of  tk4  Antitic  Society.  ITI 

filaments*  as  mentioned  sub  No.  2762. — Calcutta,  Botanic  gaidons^ 
floating  on  stagnant  waters. 

2785.  Gkeoiila  eoncaf^ata.  Kg. — Calcutta  Botanic  gardens  iu 
tanks,  floating ;  August,  1 870. 

2785  b.  Gkeofila protogenita^  Kg.— -Eajmahal,  floating  in  tanks ; 
October,  1870. 

2792.  Ificroeysth  oliraeea^  Kg. — Muhudeepore,  ruins  of  Gour 
in  stagnant  pools,  with  Diafomacew,  Closterium,  EugUne^  etc. 

2793.  JRhiwcJonium  Kochianum,  Kg.,  with  single  threads  of 
Lynghya  majuscHla^  Harv.,  Staurospermum  ccerulescens^  ^S-t  ^^^ 
other  Alga, — Hajmahal,  floating  in  tanks  near  the  station ;  Octo- 
ber, 1870. 

2798  and  2803.  Cluetophora  radians,  Kg. — On  submerged  bricks 
and  dead  branches  in  tanks  at  Hajmahal  station  ;  Oct.  1870. 

2800.  Palmella  hdlosu,  Kg.,  occurs  together  with  CJuetophora 
radians,  Kg. — Hajmahal  station,  in  tanks,  on  submerged  brick- 
stones;  Oct.  1870. 

2801.  Leptothrtx  muralis.  Kg. — Bajmahal  (station),  damp  walls 
of  the  traveller's  bungalow  ;  Oct.  1870. 

2802.  Hypheothrix  suhundulata,  Martens,  n.  sp. 

Strato  compacto,  sordide  olivaceo,  fills  1/400  lin.  crassis,  pallide 
aorugineis,  obsolete  articulatis,  granulatis  ;  vaginis  pellucidis,  1/350 
lin.  crassis,  leyiter  undulatis. — Kajmahal,  in  tanks,  on  Paludina 
shells  ;  Oct.  1870. 

2804.  Spirogyra  suhaqua  /5.,  fasciis  spiralibus  condensatis. — 
Eajmahal  hills,  Sahibgunj  waterfalls,  on  rocks  ;  Oct.  1870. 

2811.  Spirogyra  decimina,  Lk.,  with  Gotnphonema  dichotomnm, 
Kg. — Eajmahal  hiUs,  waterfall  at  the  base  of  the  hills  near  Sahib- 
gunj, on  trap  rocks  ;  Oct.  1870. 

2812.  Protococ'cus  vulgaris^  Kg. — On  the  ruins  of  one  of  the 
ancient  gate- ways  of  Gour,  Bajmahal ;  Oct.  1870. 

2813.  Scyionema  arugineo-cinereum,  Kg. — On  walls  of  buildings, 
very  common  in  and  around  Calcutta. 

2815.  Scytanema  cinereum,  Men. — On  a  ruined  bridge  over 
the  Ganges,  S.  of  Bajmahal,  on  damp  brickstonos ;  Oct.  1870. 

2817.     Cylindrospermum  spiraU,  Kg. — Calcutta,  Botanic  gap 
floating  in  tanks. 


172 


Pr^oeediwjM  of  th  Amtie  Society, 


[Aim*  I 


8037.     Polyitipfwnia    antfrniUsima^     Kg, — Calcutta,     salt-lake 
Nov.  1870. 

3038.     Pcdtjniphonia  pol}/chroma^  Mm'tena,  n.  ep. 

Crospitosa,  pollicaria^  puloliro  violacea,  in  nibrum,  virideia,  palUdd 
fasQum  et  flavescetitem  colorem  transiena  j  filia  capillaribusj  basi 
1/20  Un.  craBsis,  radicantibua,  eupeme  complanatia  ;  artitiulis  pen- 
taaipboneia,  tUametro  plerumque  sequalibuB,  margine  cortit^tis^ 
BUpreniis  brevissimis  ;  ramiB  divaricatia  oppositis  alternisque  ;  car- 
poclonii&  lateralibiia  curvatis. — ^Caleutta,  salt-lakos  ;  Nov.  1870. 

3039  and  3050.     irtjpotfhsmm  pifgviwum^  Martens,  n*  sp. 

Fronde  tenui  purpuroai  3  ad  4  lin  longa,  vix  somi-linoam  lata, 
repetite  dicliotoma  \  cellulis  frondis  quadrangularibus,  costoD  eloa^* 
gatis  J  eegmentia  Hnearibus,  apice  inusis ;  soris  in  segmentis  top- 
minalibus  et  sporophyUia  axillaribus  ad  costam  aggregatia ;  cysto- 
carpiis  stipitatie  iirceolatifl.  Calcutta,  salt-lakea,  on  the  culms  of 
Ct/perm  and  on  submerged  braaddeta  along  Balliagbat  canal; 
Nov.  1870. 

304 0»  Conferm  Antillurum^  Kg. — Calcutta,  salt-lakes,  on  Bub- 
morgod  culniB  of  Panieam,     Not*  1870. 

30-12  and  3043.  Lynghja  cinera^cenAy  Kg. — Calcutta,  ealt-lakeai 
on  an  old  log  of  wood»  in  brackish  water. 

3044.     Scyionema  granulatum^  Martens,  n,  sp. 

Strato  oUvaceo  fusco,  tenui,  pidvenilento ;  fHie  siraplieibua  earn 
vagina  1/300  ad  1/225  lin.  crassia,  nunc  Tireecentibus,  nunc  fu&cid, 
laxe  intrieatiB  ;  Taginis  aretis  hyaUnifi ;  articulis  distinetis  diametro 
usque  ad  duplum  brevioribus,  dupUci  aerie  granulatia. — Calcutta, 
salt-lakea,  on  mud-banks.     Nov.  1870. 

8061.  Cattnella  Opuniia^  Qrev.,  with  Chthamhlmtwt  Zyngbjf0$t 
Kg,,  and  Poly«tphoma  angmUanma^  Kg. — Cakutta,  salt-lakes ;  Nov. 
1870. 

3053,  Ch/ttomorpha  chhroiica^  Kg. — Calcutta,  salt-lakos,  com* 
mon;  Nov.  1870. 

3054.  ntjpheoihrix  ifftrnXf  Maj'tens,  n.  sp. 

Btrato  compacto  aordide  virescente;  fiUs  pallide  forugineis  v. 
lutescentibus,  cum  vagina  1/300  ad  1/225  lin.  crosBis,  denae  intri- 
catis,  obsolete  articulatis ;  articulis  diametro  brevioribus,  vaginia 
iHsUnctia,  hyalinis. — Hyph.  mvetiieHti  proxima.  Calcutta,  salt- 
^OB,  on  roots,  etc.  Nov.  1870, 


1871.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  173 

3055.  OseiUaria  tmerrima^  Kg. — Calcutta,  Bolt-lakes,  on  wet 
mud;  Nov.  1870. 

3057.  Leptothrix  mamillosa,  Menegh. — Calcutta,  salt-lakes, 
amongst  Algae;  on  mud,  submerged;  Nov.  1870. 

3058.  Leihleinia  Juliana,  Kg. — Calcutta,  salt-lakes,  on  Naja»^ 
Fotamogeton,  Ceratophyllum,  etc. ;  Nov.  1870. 

3059.  OseiUaria  brevis,  Kg.,  with  some  filaments  of  the  handsome 
Spirulina  oscillarioides,  Turpin. — Calcutta,  salt-lakes,  covering  the 
mud  with  a  layer  of  soft  green.     Nov.  1870. 

3060.  OseiUaria  versicolor.  Martens,  n.  sp. 

Strato  tenui  fusco  v.  violaceo;  fills  1/175  lin.  crassis,  violaceis 
V.  fuscescentibus,  interdum  viridibus ;  articulis  dijunetro  triplo  ad 
quadruplum  brevioribus,  ad  genicula  duplici  serie  granulatis  ;  api- 
cibus  rectis. — Calcutta,  salt-lakes,  covering  wet  mud ;  Nov.  1870. 

3061.  JHydrocoUum  Zenormandi,  Martens,  n.  sp. 

Vaginis  pellucidis  arctis,  1/100  lin.  crassis ;  filis  internis  fascicu- 
latim  contortis,  1/600  lin.  crassis,  obsolete  articulatis;  articulis 
diametro  coqualibus,  subgranulatis. — At  first  observed  in  1866,  in 
the  collections  of  the  celebrated  botanist,  Mr.  Bene  Lenormand, 
at  Vire,  Dept.  of  the  Calvados,  from  Java,  and  now  found  also 
by  Mr.  S.  Kurz  in  the  salt-lakes  near  Calcutta,  on  submerged 
grasses. 

(Unicum.)  Fhormidium  Lynglyaceum,  Kg. — Calcutta,  salt-lakes, 
on  an  old  submerged  log  of  a  tree ;  Nov.  1870. 

lY.    List  of  Alg/e  collected  by  Mb.  S.  Kurz  in  Bubma  and 
ADJACENT  Islands,  by  Dr.  G.  v.  Martens,  in  Stuttgard. 
This   paper  will  appear  in   the  Natural   History  Part  of  the 

Journal. 

Y.  Note  on  Hemidactyltts  marmoratus,  H.  Kblaarti,  Theoh,^ 
AND  Ablabes  Hdmbeuti,  by  William  T.  Blanford. 
In  the  Journal  of  the  Asiatic  Society  for  1870,  Vol.  xxxix. 
Part  ii,  p.  363,  I  described  a  Gecko  as  new  under  the  name  of 
Hemidaciylus  marmoratus.  I  have  since  obtained  many  specimens 
of  this  species,  which  is  not  rare  on  trees,  and  is  occasionally  seen 
on  houses,  in  tlio  lower  Godavari  valley  and  neighbouring  parts  of 


174 


Proeetniiji^n  of  the  Asiaiic  Sncietf, 


[AtoJ 


UiG  Madras  Fresidencji    and   I  find  Dial,   although  the  majority  ] 
resemble  the  typical   Bpotnman   in   tho   absence   of  any   enlarged  i 
tubercles   on   the  back,    a   few   are  occasionally   found  with  such 
tubercles,  and  that  the  fonn  is  only  a  small  variety   of  H.  Leschat* 
aulfit\  with  uniform  or  nearly  uniform  granulations. 

The   largest   specimens   I  have  as  yet  obtained  of  Itmii4ucttflm 
marawratus  measure  5.2  inches  of  which  the  tail  from  the  anus  is 
exactly  one  half  or  2.6.     JT.  L&schenauUn  grows  to  a  larger   size 
than  this*     I  tind  in  4  specimens  of  the  latter  that  the  number  of  J 
scales  across  the  abdomen  are  respectively  36^  39,  39,  42,  and  the  i 
upper  labials  from  10  to  13,  (usually  11  or  12,)  lower  labials  7  to  9, 
(8  being  the  prevailing  number).     In  4  specimens  of  the  variety 
murmoratuSf  the  scales  across  the  abdomen   vary   from   34   to   42^ 
(the  numbers  are  34,  38,  3'j,  42,)  tho  tipper  labials  vary  from  10  to  ' 
12,  tlie  lower  from  7  to  9.     The  femoral  pores  are  quite  as  constant  | 
in  number  as  either  the  scales  across  the  abdomen  or  the  lablalsi 
they  are  usually    12  in  each  thigh,  but  occasionally  vary  between 
10  and  14.  i 

From  those  differences,  it  is  manifest  that  ITcmidactylm  Keharii^ 
Theobald,  must  also  bo  considered  a  variety  of  JT.  Lmchmiaultfu 
As  I  hud,  guided  by  Giinthor  and  other  eminent  herpetologists, 
attached  a  higher  value  to  the  presence  or  absence  of  enlarged 
tubercles  on  the  back  of  this  group  of  IIemidact(fh\  than  tho  charac-  \ 
ter  deserves,  it  is  probable  that  some  of  my  other  iduutiiieations 
on  page  364  (loc.  cit.)  are  incorrect, 

I   was   in    error   in   including  Ahlahe$   SHmherii  in  tho  fauna 
characteristic  of  the   Malabfir   province*     I  have   found    several 
specimens  of  a  small  snake  near  the  lower  Godavari  whieh  appears 
to   belong  to   that  species,  and  I  find  that  the  same   farm   oceura 
near  Calcutta.     The  only  important  difference  between  specimena 
from  the  diffei-ent  localities  is  in   the   number   of  ventral   scaloSy 
which  I  End  to  be  155  in  a  Mtilabar  specimen  sent  by  Major  Bed- 
dome  to  Br.  Stollczka  j  about  2 1  u  in  specimens  from  Ellore,   and  j 
no  less  than  240  in  one  from  Calcutta.     This  is  a  remarkable  de- j 
gree  of  variation  certainly,  and  there  is  a  corresponding  difference  | 
in  leugtli,  the  snakes  &om  Iltmgal  and  Ellore  lieing  more  elongate. 
lyt.  Giiiithcr,  I  should  add,  fnund  tho  number  of  ventral  scales  to 
l»o  175. 


1871.] 


Prof endings  of  the  Aiktic  SocinUj* 


17fi 


LiBRAKY, 

The  foUoving  additiona  have  been  made  to  the  Librarj'  since  the 
meeting  held  in  July  last. 

^reEmtatiom, 
^^^  Names  of  Donors  in  Cupittils* 

ProceediDge  Boy*  Soc.,  London,  vol,  XTX^  No.  128»— Tub  Royal 
Society  of  London, 

Monatsbericht,    April,    1871 — Verxeiuhniss   dor  Abliaiidlungen 
von  1710-1870,  in  alphabetiscLer  Polge  dor  Verfasser. — K,  AkadimI 

MIE   DER   WlSSENSCHAFrBN   ZU   BeIILIN. 

Proceedings  Zool,  Soc,  1870, part  HI. — ^Tiie  Zoological  Society  " 
OF  London • 

Quarterly  Journal  Qeol.  Soo.,  toL  XXVII,  part  2,  No.  106.— The 
Geological  Soceexy  of  Londok- 

Bulletin,  Anne©  1870,  No.  2.— Socfe'te'  Impk'ulale  des  Natuba-j 

L18TES   DE  MOSCOU. 

Bulletin,  Juillet— Dccembre  1870,  Janvier— F&trier  187L— So- 
•cie'te  de  Ge'ographie,  Paris. 

EVkonyvei,  XI.  10, 11,  12Dai^ab  ;  XllT,  1,  2,  4  Darab— Nyelv- 
tudomanyi  K5zlem6iiyekj  Til  Kotet  L  2.  3  fuzet,  VIII  Kotet,  I.  2. 
3  fiizet. — Ertekezesek,  II — X,  ezam — A  Magyar  Nyelv  Szot^a,  V 
kotet,  1.  2.  3.  4  fiizet— A  Torveny  Tudomanji  E'rtekezesek,  XII 
t&zam — Almanach  1869|  1870 — E'rtesitoje,  11  ^vfolyam  13-20,  szanii 
III,  evfolyom,  1-20  szam,  IV»  ^vfolyam  1*12  ezam — A  Magayar. 
Tud.  Akad.  Alapezabdlyai. — Magyab  Tudomanyos  Akademia,  Pest, 
A  Memoir  on  tlie  Indian   Surveys   by   0.   E.   Markham. — The 

AUTHOK, 

Pamayana,  edited  by  Hemaehandra,  vol,  II,  No.  9,^ — The  Editor. 

Professional  Papers  on  Indian  Engineering,  Second  Series,  vol.  I, 
No.  I. — The  Editoe, 

Rottler's  Tamil  and  English  MctionaTy. — Ehenius'  Tamil  Qram- 
mar. — H.  F.  BiaisT'Oiid,  Esq. 

Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Pulseontologia  Indi- 
ca,  voL  III.  Nos.  9-13. — The  SxfFr,  of  the  Geological  SintvEv 

OF  bfDL^. 


1*76  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Aug. 

Selections  from  the  Eecords  of  the  Government  of  N.  W.  Pro- 
rinces,  vol.  IV,  Nos.  iii — iv. — The  Government  of  the  N.  W. 
Peovinces. 

Purchase. 

The  L.  E.  D.  Philosophical  Magazine  Nos.  275,  276.— The  A. 
and  M.  of  Natural  History,  No.  42. — Jacut's  Worterbuch,  vol.  VI 
part  1. — Dictionnaire  Djaghatdi-Ttirc. — The  American  Journal 
of  Science,  No.  50. — The  Numismatic  Chronicle,  1871,  part  L — Re- 
vue Archeologie  1870,  No.  IX. — Eevue  des  Deux  Mondes,  Jan., 
1871. — Calcutta  Eeview,  July  1871. — Comptes  Rendus,  No.  18- 
22. — Reise  der  Fregatte  Novara,  Botanischer  Theil,  Band  I. — Boht- 
lingk  imd  Roth'  Sanskrit- Worterbuch,  45  Lief. 

Uxchange^ 

''  Nature,''  Nos.  80-88. 

"  Athenaoum,"  April  and  May,  1871. 


PROCEEDINQS 


OF   THE 


ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOB   S^FTSMBEB,    1871. 


The  monthly  meeting  of  tho^SoQietj  was  keld  oa  Weduosdtiy  tlio 
6th  instant,  at  0  o*okit;k  P.  M. 

The  Hon'ble  Mr,  Justice  Fhear,  Fresident,  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed. 
The  receipt  uX  the  fallowing  presentations  was  announced — 

1.  From  Captain  W.  O,  Maitland— Two  Thibetan  M83.,  given 
to  him  by  an  inhabitant  of  the  Naga  Hills. 

2.  From  the  author — a  copy  of  **  Kulu^  its  BeautieSi  Autif|iutie8, 
and  Silver  Mines,  including  a  trip  over  the  snowy  range  and  gla* 
ciers/'  by  J.  Calvert,  E^tj.,  F.  a  8. 

Tho  following  gentlemen  were  elected  ordinary  mombtjrd— 
E,  T.  Atkinson^  ^^<li  (re-election). 
B.  F.  CliiHhokii,  Eati. 
Captain  8.  1$.  Miles. 
H.  Buukle,  Ei$q. 

The  following  gentlemen  are  eandidatea  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting. 

J.  A.  Aldis,  Esij.,  M,  A.,  proposed  by  the  Ilon'ble  J.  B.  Fhoar^ 
seconded  by  OoL  A,  8.  Allan. 

Dr.  A.  Neil,  Lahore,  proposed  by  tho  lion*  bio  J.  B.  Phoar,  so* 
conded  by  li.  F.  Blanford,  Esq. 

J.  O'Kinealy,  Eaq.,  0. 8.,  proposed  by  Col.  J.  F.  Toananti  soooiid- 
od  by  Dr.  F,  Stoliczka. 

J.  A.  Briggs,  Eu(i-,  Asst.  Sapt.  Tulograph  Dept,,  propofod  by 
Mr.  L.  Schvvendler,  tieoondod  by  Mi*.  \V,  E,  Ayrton. 

H,  Q.  Cooke,  Esq.,  G.  8,,  Miduapur,  proposed  by  Mr*  J,  Wood' 
Hason,  seconded  by  Mr.  II.  Blochmaau. 


Pr^^ee^ding^  of  the  Anatic  Society, 


[Sept. 


Col  G.  E.  Evezard,  Magistrate  of  Poena,  proposed  by  Mr.  W.  T. 
Elanford,  seeonded  by  Dr.  F.  Stoliczka. 

CoL  A.  B.  Dickens  has  tendered  liis  resignation  as  a  member  of 
the  Society. 

The  following  letters  were  rend — 

From  M.  L.  Ferrar,  Esq.,  C.  8.,  Seetapore,  Audh,  regarding  the 
bidhplace  of  T?djnli  Todar  MaU. 

*'  In  Fiis*'.  IV,  of  your  Iniuslution  of  the  ASn  Akbari,  you  record 
that  Ry  ah  Tmlar  Mall  was  ])orn  at  lAhor,  \Vuuld  you  kindly 
inform  me  whitii  of  the  native  Historians  givos  hi«  biogi^aphy.  I 
ank  tliN.  as  the  people  oi  Lahmpur^  a  lai'go  town  of  11000  inhabit* 
ants  In  the  pargantih  of  the  same  nam e^  in  this  iliatrict  (8itipdr) 
and  included  in  the  Kin  Akhari  in  '  Sirkar  Khairlbad*  all  beliere 
that  he  was  a  native  of  their  town.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  they 
have  good  grounds  for  their  beliefi  for  in  the  first  place  the  Eijah 
was  not  a  mythical  personage,  like  Earn  Chantlr  or  king  Bii-at, 
whoso  birthplace  is  claimed  by  many  places — and  8e<.'ondly,  hard 
by  Lftharpiir  is  Miijdpur,  called  after  IheEajah,  and  having  a  year- 
ly mela  in  his  honour.  At  the  present  time,  there  is  a  large  com* 
iDunity  of  K'hatris  (the  Hajah's  caste)  at  Ldharpdr.  I  think  the 
point  is  worth  clearing  up*" 

Mr.  Blochmann  said  — 

On  the  receipt  of  Mr,  Ferrar's  letter,  I  looked  up  several  MS. 
histories,  and  found  that  the  Uadnir  ul  Vmara  and  the  Tafrih  ul 
*Imdrat  call  the  Hdjah  a  Lahauri.  The  ^laisir  must  have  derived 
his  information  from  the  AkbarnSmah,  though  I  have  not  yet 
found  a  passage  in  that  work,  where  the  Eajah's  birthplace  is 
given*  1  then  asked  Mr,  Ferrar,  to  obtain  more  pailieulars  re- 
garding Todar  Mall's  father,  who  ia  not  mentioned  in  the 
histories,  as  I  thought  that  the  Laharpiiri  Bajuh  might  bo  thd 
Todar  Mall  8hahjahdni^  a  dietinguiijhed  Hindil  courtier  of  Sh^h- 
jahin^s  time.  But  the  lAhai-puris  evidently  mean  Akbar's  re- 
nowned minister  uf  finances.     Mr.  Ferrnr  replied — 

**  I  will  make  more  enquiries  from  the  Laliarjulr  people  about 
Todar  Mall,  and  shall  let  you  know  the  result  of  them*  Mean- 
while,  and  since  my  iast|  I  have  been  iufermed  by  a  respectable 


IB7L] 


Prodndtngi  ofth&  Anatic  Society. 


Brahmau  of  that  place  that  Todar  Mall's  father  was  a  '  PanjabS 
K'hatri/  and  came  and  married  the  daughter  of  a  OhApari  K'hat* 
ri  ia  LLtharpur,  where  the  aon  wan  bornt  The  latter  seems  to 
have  lived  there  during  his  boyhood. 

♦'  L&harpiir  eoutaiaed  II 000  inhabitants  in  1869 — and  probably 
15000  in  the  Nawdbj.  It  takes  its  name  from  Lahari  Mall,  a  Fassi^ 
who  500  joars  ago  invaded  the  surrounding  country.  Up  to  then 
it  had  been  known  as  *  Tughluqpur/  having  been  founded  by  ths 
Emperor  Firui!  Tughhiq  (1357 — 1388,  A.  D.)|  who  passed  through 
there  on  his  way  to  the  Bahriit/h  shrine  of  Sayyid  Salar.  I  hope 
that  we  may  be  able  to  settle  the  birthplace  of  such  a  notablo 
personage  as  E.  Todar  Mall  was." 


Mr.  W.  T.  Blanford  exhibited  a  collection  of  diipped  quartets 
implements  found  about  40  mile«  west  of  Bhadrfiohalam  on  th© 
Godivari,  The  35  epeuimens  exhibited  were  all  found  within  a 
space  of  about  50  yards  sq[uare,  and  at  least  as  many  more  were 
rejected  on  aooouni  of  being  badly  made*  The  place  where  they 
were  found  was  in  dense  jungle,  the  rock  soft  sandstone,  and  the 
implements,  as  was  usually  the  case  iu  So  nth  era  India^  had  evi- 
dently been  chipped  from  pebbles.  Several  were  formed  of  white 
vein  quartz,  an  unusual  cirttumstance.  The  forms  of  these  im» 
plemonta  were  those  of  the  kind  most  freqaontly  found  in  French 
and  English  gravels,  and  they  varied  from  about  3  to  G  inches  in 
length.  That  the  spot  where  they  were  found  was  a  place  of 
manufacture  was  probable,  not  only  from  the  oecurreneo  of  ill  form- 
ed implements,  but  fdso  fix>m  flakes,  evidently  chipped  from  the 
quartzite  being  abundant. 

The  following  oommnnications  were  read  : — 
1.     Letter  from  R.  L.  Forbes,    Esq.,    AssisTijrT  CL»MiftS9ioKi», 

PaLAMAU,     liEOA^Dma     the     MromJL     IKVASIOXS     of     rAULMAU- 

CoMMUNicATED  hy  OoL.  E.  T.  Dalton,  C«  8.  I. 

(Abstract,) 
Mr.  Blochmann  read  the  letter,  wliich  will  be  published  in  the 
hcoming  number  of  Port  I  of  the    Journal.     The  particulars  of 
the  conquest  of  PaMmau  by  the  Mughuls,  and  esjieciolly  of  the  final 


IfiO 


jPrtvWm^#  ofty  Aitaiie  8<mi4f(ff* 


[Sept. 


war  under  Dmtl  Kliaii,  Aurangxeb's  general,  are  still  rememLeretl 
by  tha  iiihaliitanta  of  the  district,  Mr,  Forbes*8  detaibs  prove 
m  a  moat  striking  uirim  '  tlie  reliability  of  our  Mubaramadan  bis* 
torians  j  tho  ouly  diwropoiicies  refer  to  the  relation e^liip  of  several 
Ohero  cbielJs.  His  geograpbical  remarks  form  a  valuable  commea- 
tary  on  several  passages  in  the  Paditih6hndmah  and  the  ^Alam^ir* 
ndma/tf  and  correct,  in  one  case,  a  bad  reading  of  the  Society^e 
edition  of  the  latter  work. 

2.  Notes  on  and  translation  of  two  Coppeh-plate  nrscniPTioHs 

PBOM  ChaibassAj  Sufoiinc'if,  Ay  Pbatapachandba  Quosiia. 

(Abstract.) 

The  copper  tablets  were  discovered  buried  in  the  ground  in  tin) 
viDage  of  Bamangh^|f,  Thoy  record  grants  of  several  vil- 
lages Bamanvasii,  &c.,  to  two  brahmans  by  two  jirinces  of  tho  Ma* 
yurbbanj  ftimily,  a  family  still  exliint  in  the  Xatak  Tributary 
Ma  hall!*.  The  plates  are  each  surmounted  by  a  seal,  bearing  the 
name  of  the  donor,  and  signs  such  as  the  bull,  the  ti-ident,  and  tho 
€resc«:^nt  moon.  Rajabhanja,  the  srin  of  Panabhanja,  is  the  donor 
mentioned  in  one  tablet  and  Ranablianja  ia  the  donor  of  tlie  other. 
The  tablet  of  Ranabhanja  bears  a  date  which  is  supposed  to  bo  66 
Samvat, 


3*     On  two  Saubian  Geneba  Eubylepis  and  FLocEX>£BMAy  Blyth, 

WITH    A   DE8CKIPTI0N  OF  A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  MaboUIA,  FrtZINOEB, 

%  Db,  Andebson,  Cubatob,  Indian  Museum. 

In  comparing  some  of  the  Reptiles  in  the  Indian  Museum  with 
the  catalogue  of  that  Section  prepared  by  Mr.  Theobald  for  thia 
Society,  I  have  lately  made  two  identiJicationa  which  it  is  desirable 
should  be  put  on  record,  as  they  refer  to  two  of  Mr,  Hlyth^s  genera 
which  have  hitberto  eeeaped  the  notice  of  Herpetologiste.  I  refer] 
to  the  two  genera  EuiifJqjis  ond  I'l&ce/ietma,  In  Mr,  Theobald's 
Catalogue,  no  mention  is  made  of  either  of  them^  audi  can  only  ac- 
count for  their  having  been  overlooked  by  the  circumstanco  that 
they  were  originally  pubb'shed  as  foot  notes  to  two  c^nsecntivo 
pages  of  the  Journal  of  tliis  Stjcioty  for  1854.*  The  species  ill  us-  I 
•  J.  A.  B.  Bctig.  vol.  xiiii,  pp.  738-739. 


187L] 


Proc0i^ding9  of  the  AiUik  Society, 


181 


tratiug  the  first  mentioned  so^callcMl  g^enus  was  referred  Ly  Theo- 
bald to  Phitioihn  oiJ^wmavW  ami  Bibroa,  and  renamed  by  him 
P.  gmlatusj  and  the  other  spedea  for  whieh  Biyth  bad  suggested  the 
generic  term  Plocederma  was  placed  by  Theobald  in  the  genus 
Zaudaha,  which  he  regarded  as  distinct  from  Skllio^  and  referred  to 
Qray^s  species  SielUo  iuhirculatus. 

Before  coubidering  the  affinities  of  these  two  forms  I  shall  first 
point  out  the  characters  of  the  sub-genus  Mumecef  which  Wieg- 
maun,  its  author,  regarded  as  only  a  subdivision  of  his  Section  Eu- 
prepest. 

In  the  Catalogue  of  the  Berlin  Museum  published  in  1856* 
Lichtenstein  identilied  Plediodmi  Aldropandi^  D,  and  B-,  with 
Scincus  pavimeiiiatus.  P.  Geoffroy  St.  Hilairef,  but  justly  retained 
for  P.  Al^irovdHiii,  D  and  B.J  Schneider's  name  auratum^  which, 
even  according  to  Bimieril  and  Bibron*s  showingj  was  entitled 
by  priority  to  stand  for  the  speeies  to  which  they  had  alhxod 
the  name  of  AIdrot*andus*  Prof,  P^ters||  was  the  first  after 
Wieg?nann  himsell'  to  direct  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  S.  pavi' 
meiUalmt  Is,  Geotf,  St.  Hilaire  was  the  typo  of  Wiegmaun's  sub- 
genus Eumtces  and  Dr.  Stolicxka^  last  year  brought  Peters' 
observation  to  the  notice  of  tliia  Society* 

The  history  of  the  sub-genus  Enmecet  is  as  follows  :  In  1834, 
Wiegmann**  in  establishing  tho  genus  refciTed  8,  rufiicmn^i 
Merr,  and  S.punc^aius,  Schneider,  to  it»  but  in  the  following  yearjf  * 
he  pointed  out  that  these  two  species  did  not  belong  to  it.  In 
1837,tt  ho  indicated  that  Fum<*tei  was  intermediate  between 
Gonpjlm  and  Eaprcpes  and  that  S^  pamfnentaim^  Is,  Geoff.  St. 
nilaire,  was  the  only  speoies  referable  to  it,  and  that  it  differed 
from  Enprepes  in  the  form  of  its  tongue  and  dentition,  but  he  did 
not  regard  these  diilerencea  as  of  generic  but  only   of  sub-generic 

^  Nomea.  Eept.  et  Amphib.  Mosei  ZooL,  BeroL,  Ltobteustolii,  p.  ID, 
t  DoBo.  d  rJBgypt,  p.  135,  pi.  3,  tig.  3,  pL  4,  tig.  -4,  4a. 
j  D.  and  B.  UoipL  GonL  vol.  v,  p.  70l,  7Uk 
§  Schnoider,    Hist.  Amph.  Zoo«    11^   p.    176,     Gntithor  places  .S\  iiitraiu^    iu 
Mabouia  and  recouU  it  from  Persia. 

I|  Muimta.  der  Akad.  su  Berlixi,  I86i,  pp.  IB,  M>* 
If  Joarn.  As.  Boo.  Bcng.  1870,  TOl  xxxix  p.  17i. 
•*  ticiptit  Meat  p.  36. 

ft  ArcU.  fur  NfttmiroecU,  (Wieg.)  vol,  U,  p.  288, 
ij  Wieif.  1.  c,  VOL  V,  p.  lajS. 


182 


Proceedingti  of  the  Asiaiic  Society, 


[Smi'T. 


value.  Ho  states  that  the  nostrils  of  S.  pavin^ntatm  are  situated 
in  the  centre  of  a  small  nasal  shield,  but  ia  his  work  ou  the 
Ilerpetology  of  Mexico  be  writes,  **  narU  in  Medio  scufdh  «f7cP 
(scuteliii  duohm  in  unutn  coalitiiy^  which  would  lead  me  to 
L'onelude  that  he  doubted  whether  the  character  of  a  single  nasal 
shield  were  a  rehable  and  constant  foature.  At  that  time  he  divid- 
ed the  genus  into  two  small  aub-divisions :  one  Section,  A.  cxjntain- 
ing  S,  pnvimeiUain^  and  S.  rufisven»t  Merr.,  the  latter  of  which  ho 
afterwards  referred  to  Euprep^*^  and  anotlier  Section  B.  in  which  he 
placed  5.  pttncfatus^  Schneider^  and  which  he  also  afterwards  located 
in  Euprepe^,  The  characters  of  the  first  sub-division  wore  thej^e, 
**  palpcbra  supcri^tr  m^lkcris  :  inferior  scutfilkta  squamosa  :  denif^ 
2xt7it(ini  numeroai,**  It  is  therufore  to  be  understood  that  the 
scales  of  Eumeces  (E,  pavimmta(us)  wore  smooth  the  nostril  in  a 
single  plate  resulting  from  the  coalesoenoe  of  two  nasals|  the  in- 
ferior eyelid  scaly,  and  that  it  had  palatine  teeth. 

In  1839,  Dumoril  and.Bibron^  do  not  api>ear  to  hare  been 
aware  that  Wiegmann  had  corrected  his  original  mistake  and 
had  removed  S,  rufeacem  and  ^S*.  punctatm  from  Eamcces^  for  thejr 
enter  into  an  elaborate  criticism  of  his  arrangement  of  the 
genus  in  his  Herpetology  pf  Mexico.  They  regarded  Wiegmann'a 
Eumeces  as  not  founded  on  a  suificient  basis  and  they  therefore 
retained  his  name  simply  to  apply  it  to  the  group  represented 
by  the  t^'po  6*.  punctatm  of  Schneider,  which  has  a  transparent 
eyelid,  a  double  fronto-parietal  and  a  small  nailobular  ear.  They, 
however,  in  the  same  volume  described  the  genus  Fh&tio4oi% 
which  has  all  the  characters  of  Wiegmaun's  first  section  {A)  of 
Eum^ei  as  represented  by  Eumsoc*  paeimfintatus^  Geoif«,  which 
iProfessor  Peters  states  is  i^Tionymous  with  SvWjw  iStjhneidtn^ 
Is,  Geoff.  St.  Hilaire,  Phsliodon  Aldromndi^  D.  andB.,  and  Plntio- 
don  cypriu^^  Cuv.  Under  these  circumstances  FUHiodon  cannot 
stand,  as  Eumfcn  has  the  prior  claim  to  acceptance, 

Blyih's  Euryhpis  has  the  palatine  teeth  and  palate  of  Eumi^fiff 
as  described  by  Wiegmanu,  and  also  the  scaly  eyelid  and  smooth 
scales.  The  nostril*  however,  is  not  in  a  single  plate  but  is  placed 
between  an  anterior  and  posterior  nasal  shield,  and  not  as  described 
•  UtiFpet,  Geul.  vol.  v. 


IS7U] 


Pr^€udin$%  of  the  A$iaiie  Society, 


ISS 


by  Bljth  and  Theobulcl  in  a  small  separate  nasal  slueld.  The 
Leiid  x>lut€ss  «Je  arntuged  as  in  E.  pmimentatm  and  the  ear  biis 
from  three  to  two  Icjljes  anteriorly.  The  only  character  of  import- 
ante  in  which  it  differs  from  Eum^cfis  b&  definod  hy  Wiegmann,  and 
illustrated  hy  E,  pavtmftdattts,  is  the  oocuiTence  of  tho  nostril  ho- 
tween  two  shields)  but  keeping  in  view  Wiogmonn's  statement  tliat 
the  sinf^le  nasal  of  E.  pavftncntatitM  results  from  thfi  union  of  two, 
this  singular  ditlerenee  tJuii  hardly  be  considered  as  generic,  I 
therefore  regard  Eurylepis  as  another  synonym  of  Eume^^t,  Wieg- 
mann,  Eumeees  thus  defined  would  appear  to  correspond  with 
Pitzinger's*  genus  Mahouta  which  like  Eumecei  haa  a  single  nagal^ 
a  scaly  eyelid  and  palatine  teeth,  and  the  palatine  groove  reaching 
forward  to  the  eye,  so  that  tlie  only  generic  distinctiun  that  exists 
between  them  is  the  charat-ter  of  the  nostril »  but  if  I  am  correct  in 
regarding  that  character  as  not  of  anfficient  importance  to  separat^il 
Etirt/hjm  from  Euimtes^  it  cannot  have  more  force  when  we  compare 
Mahouia  and  Eutnccei  and  I  am  therefore  inclined  to  gronji  to- 
gether these  smooth  scaled  skinks  with  palatine  teeth  and  scaly 
eyelids  under  the  first  proposed  term  Mttbomu^  Fitzinger.  Scmcui 
which  ha8  palatine  teeth  is  sepai*ated  from  Mahouia  by  ita  dilated 
toea  and  shoTol-like  muzzle. 

Thei*6  ia  this  peculiarity  in  the  scales  of  the  this  new  form  that 
led  Ulyth   to   term   it   Euryltph^  rrt,,    that    the    scales    on    the 
midiUe   of  the  back  from  on  a  line  with  tlie  axilla  as  far  back  as  oq  '' 
a  Une  with  tho  gioin,  while   they   have   only  the   ant^ro-posterior 
breadth  of  the  scales  of  tho  sidi^s  of  the  back  and  sides,  are  so  much 
transvensely  extended  that  each  dorsjil  scale  haa  the  breadth  of  threo 
of  the  lateral  rows  of  scales.    The  middle  of  the  back  ia  thu^  covered^ 4 
in  the  area  denned,  by   a  single  row  of  narrow,  hexagonal   much 
transversely  extended  scales.     The  scalep^  between  the  occiput  and 
the  enlarged  dorsal  series,  are  of  the  same  size  as  those  in  the  sides. 
Each  dorsal  scale,  largo  and  smtJl,  is  marked  by   shallow   groovesf 
&om  the  number   of  3  to  10,  or  11,   the  iirst  number  being   re* 
stricted  to  the  small  scales  and  the  latter  otx'urriug  on  the  larg9^ 
scales  or  plates  :  tlie  smaller  scales  have  each  a  minute  j>ore.    If 
these  grooves  were  brought  together  in  pairs,  they  would  produeci 

•  Keue  ClftBS.  Jar  Ue|it.  18£a,  p.  23.  f  D,  and  II. ).  a  v.  p.  70S. 


184 


Precetdtngs  of  tfte  Asiatic  SqciH^, 


[Sex^t* 


n  keeled  cliaracler  in  the  scale,  so  that  it  would  appear  that 
they  are  perhaps  modifications  of  the  carinated  furin  of  scales.  It 
should  be  borne  in  mind,  however^  that  this  form  notwith- 
standing its  grooved  scales,  is  a  trxdy  smooth  scaled  sdnk. 
To  revert,  however,  to  the  sigaijxoanoe  of  the  large  dorsal 
plates  in  the  form  under  consideration ;  it  does  not  appear  to 
me  to  merit  generic  status,  because  another  and  distinct  species 
has  reijentljr  come  under  my  observatioui  in  which  there  are  two 
rows  of  enlarged  dorsal  shields^  each  about  half  the  size  of  the 
large  scales  of  the  typo  of  Euryhpis,  Mahottia  with  the  foregoing 
facts  before  us  may  be  defined  as  follows  : — 

Mabouia,  Fitzinger. 

Head  conical,  scales  smooth  and  £nely  grooved ;  dorsal  scales 
either  of  uniform  size  or  enlarged.  Tail  long^  round  and  smooth 
without  spines  ;  lower  eyelid  scaly.  Nostril  either  iu  a  single 
plate  or  between  two  plates,  an  anterior  and  posterior.  Teeth 
numerous,  conical,  somewhat  laterally  compressed.  Palatine  teeth.  ' 
Palatine  notch  broad  on  a  level  with  the  eye.  Limbs  moderately  or ' 
well  developed,  rather  for  apart.     Toes,  5,  5. 

The  species  which  has  given  rise  to  these  remarks  may  be 
oharaeterized  as  follows : 

Mauoyia  t^otolata,  Bljlb, 

EuryUpU  imMMu$t  Blytli,  Journ.  As.  Soc.  xxii  pp.  73dj  7i0. 
PU§tioion  feutotuff  Theobald,  Cat.  £opt.  As.  Soc.  Mas.  18l>8,  pp.  25,  26, 
Eumttss  MC^hoMiat  Tlioob.,  Jerdpa,  Proc.  As*  8oo.  Beugiti,  1870,  p.  73, 

Body  rather  elongated,  limbs  moderately  developed  and  far 
apart,  the  distance  between  them  eq^ualling  five  times  the  interval 
between  the  shoulder  and  ear.  Tail  Ifrds  of  the  length  between 
the  snout  and  the  vent :  cylindrical,  regularly  tapered.  Bupranasals 
transversely  elongated  forming  a  suturo  behind  the  rostral.  Frontal 
transversely  octagouaL  Post-frontals  pentagonal,  broad  estornally 
but  narrowing  towards  the  common,  broad,  mesial  suturo.  Vortical 
elongate,  oblong  ;  lateral  and  posterior  margins  concave.  Two  small 
pre-ocdpitals  not  forming  a  suture  together,  but  separated  by  the 
point  of  the  anterior  extremity  of  an  azygos,  arrow-hoad<ahaped  - 
ocHjipital,  with  a  moderately  sizod  exoe^lpital  bhit^ld,  on  either   aida  j 


1871,] 


Promi(Un^9  of  the  AsitUic  SocMtf. 


1B5 


of  it.  Two  temporald,  on©  above  the  other  between  the  exoccipital 
and  the  posterior  margin  of  the  last  upper  labial.  A  posUicular 
between  the  two  last  labials^  before  the  temporally  and  with  a 
small  postocular  above  and  two  small  shields  in  front  of  it.  Six 
fiuperuiliaries,  the  third  from  before  hackwardft  being  the  largest- 
A  rather  large  pentagonal  prsoocnlar  below  the  first  superciliary. 
A  vertically  obldug  loreal  with  its  upper  margin  wedged  in  be- 
tween the  prmlrontrtl  and  postfrontala.  Au  hexagonal  postnasal 
over  the  suture  of  the  lirst  and  second  labials.  Two  rows  of  very 
small  shields  between  the  upper  labials  and  the  scaly  disk  of  the  lower 
eyolid.  Two  transverse  chin  shields,  one  before  the  other,  behind 
the  mental,  the  hinderraost  being  the  largest  and  succeeded  by 
three  pairs  of  large  shielda,  of  which  the  auterior  pair  form  a 
suture.  Eai"  of  moderate  siase  witli  three  or  four  strong  donticula- 
tions  on  its  anterior  margin,  the  two  npperraoat  being  double  thii 
size  of  the  others.  A  dorsal  line  of  transversely  broad,  longi* 
tu(h"nallj  narrow*  hexagonal  scales  fnym  over  the  shoulder  to  on  a 
line  with  the  groin*  These  scales  are  as  broad  as  the  three' 
lines  of  scales  external  to  them^  and  are  obiicurely  marked  by 
10  or  11  fine  grooves,  while  the  stuall  dorsal  scales  have  three  such 
fine  BuleL  Twenty-one  rows  of  scales  round  the  middle  of  the 
body.  Scales  on  the  under  surface  of  the  tail  enlarged,  those  on  tfie 
Tipper  surface  the  same  as  on  the  side  of  the  body.  Two  large  anals 
Beparated  by  an  oblique  suture.  Anterior  limb  when  laid  forwards 
roaches  beyond  the  anterior  auirle  of  the  eye  ;  posterior  limb  reach- 
es only  a  short  way  beyond  one-third  of  the  distance  between  the 
groin  and  the  axilla.  Centre  of  under  r^urface  of  the  feet  covered 
with  small  tuborch  s  ;  a  line  of  larger  tubercles  on  the  hind  foot 
embracing  ihe  smaller  ones,  and  curving  backwards  from  the  outer 
to  the  inner  toe.  About  8  inter-maxillary,  and  28  majtillary  teeth 
in  the  upper  jaw,  as  a  whole ;  and  Hyo  palatine  teeth  on  either  side. 
The  specimens  are  much  faded,  but  the  cjoloration  appears  to 
have  been  a  pale  olivo  grey  above  with  a  dai'k  brown  biuid  running 
along  the  large»  dorsal  scales,  and  spottixl  with  whitish*  A  dark 
brown  baud  along  the  side  tVom  the  eye  and  partially  pnjlouged 
on  to  the  tail.  This  baud  is  urnameuted  at  regular  intervals  with 
three  longitudinal  lines  of  whitiMh  spots.  Tail  more  or  less  darkly 
.speckled,  the  markings  tending  to  form  trauuvorse  rings. 


IBfi 


Pruceedin^s  of  tlw  Aimtie  S9ciM>f. 


[Sept. 


Length  : — snout  to  vent  8,"  8"' ;  vent  to  tip  of  tail  5/  2'"  ;  li«ad 
6'^' ;  fore  limb  U),*"  hind  limb  I'',  fourth  toe  4/" 

Mah.    Punjab^  Salt  Range. 

Two  epefinieue  were  t^olleuttid  by  Mr,  Theobald  in  tlie  Salt 
Bange  of  the  Punjab,  and  presented  bj  him  to  this  Society  and 
described  by  Mr.  Blyth  who  created  the  abovl  named  genuM  for 
their  reception.  There  cannot  be  a  duubt  as  to  their  identity, 
but  both,  Bljth  and  Theobald,  have  fallen  into  some  inaccu- 
raclea  regarding  cei'tain  of  their  characters.  The  former  saya 
that  the  nostril  is  pierced  in  a  amall^  separate,  naaal  shield,  an  error 
repented  by  Tlieobold.  Mr.  Blyth  also  states  that  the  lower  eye- 
lid has  a  traimloceut  disk,  but  Mr.  Theobald  more  accurately 
describes  it  as  scaly,  with  a  transverse  row  of  large  plates.  He, 
however,  says  the  body  is  surrounded  by  23  rows  of  scales  while  | 
the  two  specimens  exhibit  only  21  in  the  middle  of  the  body> 
and  Blyth  limited  them  to  19. 

If  I  am  w^rong  in  my  estimate  of  the  value  to  be  attached  to  the  l 
occuiTence  of  the  nostiil  between  two  plates,  and  the  presence  of  I 
the  enlarged  dorsal  plates,  then  Blyth's  EurtfUpit  will  stand,  buil 
for  the  reasons  stated,  I  do  not  regard  these  eharactera  as  gaaeriOtl 

^  Mabouia  Blythiawa,  n.  sp. 

Uostral  triaugular,  hexagonal,  in  contact  with  the  supranisals.] 
Anterior  nasal  triangular,    rather    small ;   posterior    shield   sub*  j 
quadrangular.     Supranasals  transversely  oblong,  forming  a  siitiir0 1 
behind  the   rostral.     Frontal    transversely  elongate,  its  anterior! 
mai^ns    forming    an    obtuse    angle.      Posterior   frontals    large|l 
hexagonal,  forming  a  broad  suture.  Vertical  elongate,  lateral  mar*l 
gins  slightly  convergent  posteriorly,  liinder   margins  formiag  aa 
obtuse  angle,     Pra^occiiiitids  pentagonal,  forming  a  broad  sultiraJ 
behind  the  vertical.      An  azygos,    wedge-shaped    oceipitaL    Ex-* 
occipitals  of  moderate  size,  pentagonal.*  Three  rather  large  tern- 1 
porals   between    the  exoccipitals  and  the  two  last  ujiper  labiaJa^l 
one  anterior  to  the  other  two  ehields  which  lie  one  above  the  otherj  J 
the  former  separated  from  the  eye  by  a  chain  of  small  shieldl 
running  from  the  anterior  angle  of  the  eye,  along  the  upper  eyelid 
and  the   lower   margin    of  the    eye    to  its    anterior    third.     Sis 
fiuperciliai'ief>|  the    Jii'&t    and    last    vqtj    smalt     A   small    point 


1871.] 


Proeefidings  of  the  Aiiaiie  Saeiety» 


IS7 


ledlj  quadrangular,  and  a  larga,  oblong  shield  along  the  an- 
rterior  third  of  the  lower  margin  of  tho  eye,  the  former  behind 
the  latter,  with  a  large  pentagonal  loreal  in  Iront  of  tliem,  and  a 
vertically  elongated,  hexagonal  postnasal  before  the  latter^  in  con- 
tact with  the  2nd,  npper  labial,  posterior  nasal,  snpranaaal,  frontal, 
postfrontal  and  loreal.  Eight  upper  labials,  the  seventh  and  eighth 
the  largest,  the  anterior  niai*gin  of  the  last  on  a  line  with  the 
posterior  angle  of  the  eye.  Seven  lower  labials,  the  last  but  one 
the  largest.  Mental  like  a  labial,  but  more  transversely  elongated > 
with  a  large,  azygos,  pentagonal  plate  behind  it,  with  the  concavi- 
ties of  its  two  hinder  miirgins  directed  backwards  and  in  contact 
with  two  pairs  of  labials.  A  pair  of  transverse  shields  in  cjontact 
with  the  second  and  third  labials  and  forming  a  autore  together 
behind  the  azygos  plate  ;  another  large  pair  with  a  small  a«ygo« 
shield  between  the  plates,  succeeded  by  another  pair  with  a  still 
amallerpair  behind  the  latter.  Thirty  rows  of  smooth 
round  the  middle  of  the  body.  Two  longitudinal  Hum,  in  thil 
middle  of  the  back,  of  transversely  elongated,  hexagonal  scales  oon^ 
fiiderably  larger  than  any  of  the  other  dorsal  or  lat^^ral  acales,  and 
commencing  from  behind  theocuiput  and  diminishing  in  size  on  th^J 
,  root  of  the  tail  Yen trals  of  moderate  size  with  their  posterior  ma 
I  gins  rounded.  Two  large  preeanals  with  a  small  external  pair.  Ta 
rounded,  slightly,  laterally  compressed,  long  and  tapering,  one  and 
I  two-thirds  as  long  a^  the  body.  A  single  row  of  enlarged  sub-caudala. 
les  on  the  upper  sorface  and  sides  of  the  tail  of  uuiform  size. 
^Ear  moderately  large,  erectly  oval,  with  from  three  to  four  strong 
lobules  on  its  anterior  margin,  the  uppermost  the  strongest. 
Under  surface  of  feet  cowered  with  tubercles,  those  of  the  hind 
foot  embraced  by  an  enlarged  series  extending  from  the  base  of 
the  first  to  the  base  of  the  fifth  ioe.  Limbs  well  developed, 
the  fore  limb  reaching  to  the  tip  of  the  snout,  and  the  hind 
limb  when  stretched  forwards  extending  to  the  anterior  third  of 
the  space  between  the  axil  and  groin.  Seven  intermaxillary  and  34 
maxillary  teeth  in  the  whole  of  the  npper  jaw,  and  36  in  the  mandi- 
ble. Seven  to  eight  palatine  teeth  on  either  side*  Snout  to  vent, 
3"  b'"" ;  vent  to  tip  of  tail  6 "  j  head  7'";  fore  Umb  l"  V ;  hind 
limb  1"  6'"  J  fourth  toe  6.'" 

Olive  brown  above ;  three  dark-brown,  hmgitudlniil  lines  along 


IHH 


Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Saeiettf. 


[SfiPT. 


the  bftck,  from  the  nape  tu  the  base  of  the  tail,  A  broader 
dark-brown  hand  from  the  eye  over  tho  tympanum,  along  tho 
side,  A  broad,  pale -yellowish  band  below  it  £i*om  below  the 
eye  thi'ough  one  half  of  the  tympanum  along  the  sidos  to  the 
groin.  A  palish  duslcy  band  from  the  angle  of  the  mouth,  over 
the  shoulder,  and  along  the  side  below  the  yellowish  band.  Up- 
per surface  and  sides  of  tail  palOj  uniform  browniah*oHvo.  All 
the  under  pturts  yellowish. 

Hah,     Amritziir  ?     Purchased  from  a  Bokhara   morohant   who 
btMlud  that  he  obtained  it  at  AiuriUur. 


Blyth*  in  a  notioe  of  some  Keptilea  from  the  Fanjib  writes  of 
the  next  form  which  I  purpose  to  consider,  **  a  well  marked 
Becoud  species  of  Dr.  Gray's  genua  Laudakia^  founded  on  Affama 
iubm-mhta  of  Hardwicke's  111.  Itid.  ZooL,  if  not  rather  a  new 
genus  adlned  to  Ltiudakia  (in  wLitdi  case  this  may  bear  the  aamo 
Plo&ffderma^  nobii^)/'  This  specimen  is  still  in  the  Musoum  and  was 
referred  by  Theobald  to  Lamlakia  tuhercalata^  Gray,  which  he  oon- 
sidered  generioally  distinct  from  SUlUo,  and  which  it  dooa  not  appear 
to  be.  The  examples  of  the  genua  Stellio  in  the  Indian  Museum 
agree  with  Dr.  Gunther's  figure  of  5.  iruiicus  which  he  afterwarda 
referred  to  S,  tuherculatug^  Gray.  There  are,  however,  two  well 
marked  species  of  the  genus  in  India  as  Dr,  Stoliczka  has  shown  mo 
from  the  rich  matenals  in  liis  possession,  and  as  Jio  is  to  describe  th© 
result  of  his  observations,  I  shall  proceed  to  point  out  the  charac- 
ters of  the  type  specimen  of  Blyth's  supposed  genus  Floced^rtna^ 
but,  to  enable  me  to  do  so,  it  is  necessary  for  me  to  remark  that  the 
two  species  recognized  by  Dr.  Stolic^ka  are  distinguished  by  tho 
8126  and  distribution  of  the  enlarged  scaler  of  the  dorsal  region. 
One  species  S.  tuberculatum  has  the  scales  considerably  and  generally 
amallor  than  the  other  and  more  numerous,  those  ou  the  back  of 
the  neck  being  scarcely  enlarged,  while  in  the  other,  larger-scaled 
form,  the  scales  in  that  region  partake  to  a  certain  extent  of  the 
nature  of  the  dorsal  scales  and  are  prolonged  more  or  less  to  the 
occiput.  I  am  inclined  to  tho  conclusion  that  Blyth'a  Flocf>derm(t 
is  a  young  individual  of  Dr.  StoUiizka's  large  scaled  form,  but  the 
following  ai'6  the  characters  of  Bljih*s  S,  mehnurus. 
•  Juura.  Am,  Soo«  Beng,  xxiii,  pp.  737,738. 


187L] 


ProcudingA  of  ih^  Asiatic  Sacttftt^, 


im 


Steluo  MELANtrnua,  Blyth, 

lMUda1cia(PUnied0rma)fmhinurafBij%U,Jonra.  As.  Soo.  Bong,  1S5I,  vol.  ixiii, 
p.  737-739. 

Lai^iA^ta  tuhorculata,  Qvnj,  Theobald,  Cat.  Bept*  Aa.  Soc.  Beng.,  1868,  p.  38* 

A  short  rudimentaiy  crest  of  enlarged,  keeled,  tubercular  scal^si 
Scales  of  tlie  back  enlarged,  imbricate,  strongly  keeled,  with  sorrated 
free  margins,  and  with  a  small  apical  spine.  On  the  middle  of  the 
back,  there  are  8  row«  of  the  etdarged  scales  much  larger  than 
those  external  to  them  which  number  7  rows,  gradually  decreasing 
from  within  outwards,  the  outer  row,  however,  abruptly  sepa- 
rated by  its  g^*eater  size  from  the  minute  scales  of  the  sides. 
In  the  large  central  rows  of  scales,  the  strong  keels  form  longi- 
tuilinal  lines,  while  in  those  external  to  them,  the  keels  form  ob- 
lique lines,  £i"om  wifhin  outwards-  Htdf  way  between  the  middle 
of  the  back  and  the  shouldeFj  the  number  of  rows  of  enlarged 
dorsal  scales  decreases  to  16,  so  that  the  scales  are  rc?stricted 
a  much  narrower  area  than  on  the  back,  but  before  the  shoulde 
there  is  again  a    slight  augmentation    in  their  distribution, 

ows  increasing  to  about  twenty,  but  the  scales  having  diminish- 
'ed  in  size,  the  lateral  extent  covered  by  them  is  not  much  in- 
creased. On  the  back  of  tJie  neck,  there  are  no  enlarged  scales  besides 
those  ofrhe  central  crest  which  begins  where  the  enlarged  scales 
stop,  on  a  line  with  the  shoulder.  The  scales  on  the  sides  of  the 
body  are  granular,  each  with  a  minute  apical  spine  and  arrang- 
ed in  transverse  lines,  and  there  are  no  enlarged  scales  among 
them.  (In  this  character  it  differs  from  S,  tuhfreulatm),  I  count ' 
149  rows  of  scales  round  the  middle  of  the  body,  53  of  which  are 
ventral,  smooth  and  without  any  trace  of  keels.  The  scales  on  tlii» 
ux*por  surface  of  the  limbs,  with  the  oxci^ption  of  those  on  the  ttiil,  are 
the  largest,  their  margins  aro  sorrated  and  each  has  an  apical  spine. 
The  scales  of  the  tail  are  large  and  aiTanged  in  verticils  which  are  in- 
terrupted, however,  in  their  curve  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  has 
of  the  tail  All  are  keeled  and  have  strong  apical  spines,  with^ 
the  exception  of  those  in  the  middle  of  the  under  surface  of  the 
tail  which  have  no  keels,  but  generally  have  an  apical  spino^  ^vith 
a  smaller  one  on  each  side  of  it.     Nostril  above  the  second  « 


too 


ProfieedmgH  of  ih  Asiatic  S^ktfj, 


[Sept. 


tliirrl  labials,  but  separated  from  tbem  by  two  rows  of  scales. 
Seventeen  upper  and  fiiteou  lower  labials*  A  median  line  of 
slightly  enlarged  keeled  scales  behind  the  snout,  and  a  similarly 
enlarged  plate  on  tlie  occiput.  Two  to  tliroo  rows  of  enlarged 
oonical,  spined  scales  frf)m  lielow  tho  eye  to  the  tympanum.  A 
group  of  tubercular!  spinous  scales  at  the  anterior  margin  of 
the  ear.  A  fold  at  the  under  margin  of  the  tympanum  pro- 
longed to  the  nock,  on  the  under  surface  and  gidos  of  which  there 
are  numerous  folds,  those  in  the  latter  locality  being  here  and 
there  covered  with  groups  of  spines.  A  pit  bcforo  the  shoulder 
irom  the  upper  anterior  margin  of  which  a  fold  ia  prolonged  ovor 
the  shoulder  to  the  sides  of  the  back  with  small  spines  0(jnurring 
on  it  at  intervals  ;  a  smaller  and  more  indistinct  fold  between  the 
latter  fold  and  the  shoulder  with  a  few  large  spinous  scalefi. 
The  opening  of  the  ear  is  very  large  and  patulous.  TIil*  tail  is 
slightiy  dilated  at  its  base  and  doproased^  long  and  slender  and 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  from  the  snout  to  the  vent.  The  wrist 
reaches  as  far  forwards  aa  the  snout »  and  the  hind  limb  just  touches 
the  Tent.  The  third  finger  is  nearly  the  length  of  the  fourth 
which  is  the  proportion  in  the  corresponding  toes.  A  small  callous 
patch  of  about  20  scales  in  the  centre  of  the  abdomen,  with  a 
prffianal  series  of  two  rows  of  callous  scales.  A  deep  depression 
behind  the  vent.  The  dental  formula  of  tlie  upper  jaw  is  pre- 
maxillary  teeth  3-^3^0;  maxillary  teeth  13  -|-  1 3  =  26  j  total  32. 
Snout  to  vent  3"  2'"  j  vent  to  tip  of  tail  V  9,'"  head  10'''  j  fore  limb 
1*  8'"  ;  hind  limb  2"  8"' ;  fourth  toe  7"\ 

Colour  in  spirit,  I  quote  from  Blvth>  *'  Olive  grey»  probably  oUto 
green  and  changeable  when  olive  j  the  head  and  body  speckled 
over  with  dark  scalesj  and  also  with  some  scales  paler  than  tho 
rest  ;  the  long  slender  portion  of  the  tail  dusky  black  and  thd 
lower  parts  pole  and  bulfy  white,  apparently  suffused  with  crim- 
son when  alive  ;  the  throat  and  below  the  shoulders  beautifully 
marbled  with  greyish  black,  probably  blue  in  the  living  animal.^' 

Blyth  states  that  the  loealit}^  from  whence  the  specimen  w^as  ob- 
tained was  uncertain,  but  that  he  believed  it  to  come  from  Kashmir. 
Mr.  Theobald,  however,  who  collected  the  specimen  states  in  his 
Catalogue  that  it  came  from  Simla. 


187L] 


l^rocnedingu  of  the  AmUk  $&eht^^ 


m 


4.     Notes  ojt  «ome  Inthan  ajoj  BttRMEsE  Ophidiajts, 
hif  Db.  F.  Stouczka, 

(Abstract. ) 

In  this  paper  notes  ere  given  of  the  following  speciee  :   l)fphl{ 
Hofifieldi^  T.  hoihriorhynchuif^  T.  hraminus  and  T,  pamm^ceM. 

T.  porttctm,  n,  &p, — 18  longit.  rows  of  aculea  ;  40G-440  tmnsvi 
OWB   on  bod  J,   11-12  on  the  tail ;  head-skieUls  regular  ;  eyo  vei 
indistinct ;   circumference  ^^  to  -j*^  of  length  of  body  ;   leaden  or 
olivaceous  brown  aboTe,  paler  below  and  on  the  head ;  mouth  aoi 
below  tail  pure  white.     Bengal  and  N.  W.  Provinces. 

T.  Andtimaiiensif,  n.  Bp, — IB  longit.  ix>W8  of  scales,  about  390 
transverse  rows  on  body  and  17  on  the  tail ;  head  shields  above  regu- 
lar ;  one  separate  lower  pra?-ocular  and  one  sub-ocular ;  4  labitilR, 
the  third  larger  than  the  fourth  ;  circumference  a  little  leas  than 
-j'^^th  of  total  leDgth  ;  ejo  indistinct ;  blackish  brown  above,  vinaceoua 
on  side,  grey,  checkered  with  white,  bolow.    Andaman  islands. 

T.  Theobaldanm^  n,  »p. — 22  long,  rows  of  scales;  485  transverse 
rows  on  body,  26  on  the  tall ;  circumference  /^  ^^  ^^^^  total  length  ; 
head'shielda  regular;  eyes  perfectly  indistinct ; uniform  light  brown  ; 
ludia. 

JS(iii6i4f   b  ieaien at ut^ — A  h lahet   eo UartM, — CompMnom a  JTodgsom,  — 
Samrn  h  fane  to  Ut  tm> — Tropidancfus  q  u  in  eu  n  dia  im ,  Of  thl  s  1  ast  speci 
a  varioty   is   describecl   and  figured,    with   the  posterior   front 
united  int^  one  shield. 

21  heUuluff^  n.  sp. — 19  rows  of  small,  sharply  cartnate,  scales,  head- 
shields  like  in  the  last  species,  but  the  anterior  fipontals  more  ob- 
tuse in  &ont,  9  upper  labials  of  which  the  4thf  5th  and  6th  enter 
the  orbit»  1  +  2  temporals;  140  veiitrals,  63  suboaudals  ;  olive  brow: 
above  with  two  series  of  little  dark  spots  along  the  back,  all 
ventrals  black  at  the  base  ;  Pegu  (Mr.  S.  Kuj-x). 

r*  Eimalayanui, — 71  Junaut* — T.  ntlminiatm,  A  unicoloured 
large  variety  is  figured  and  described  of  tlie  last  species^ 

y.  macroptt^  Blytli,  is  the  same  as  7\  nmcrophthalmm^  Giinther, 
and  most  probably  also  identical  with  T,  Sikkimewfii^  Anderson. 

T.  plumhkolor  from  Quolior. 

PmmmophiM  coftdanuru\  The  N,  W.  Sub-Himalayau  variety  ia, 
possibly  the  same  as  P,  Leithii  of  Giinthert  IVom  Bind. 


102 


Prottcdingti  of  the  Asiatic  SotieUj, 


[Skpt. 


Dipstis  Fontmi  occui's  at  Pankabareo,  baso  of  Szkkim  liills. 
2?.  hexagoiwtus,  BL,  is  not  identical  with  D,  multi/asciaiaj  BL,  aa 
iiggesttjd  by  Dr.  Anderson. 
D.  huhaUna  18  caminon  in  tbo  low  valloys  of  Sibkim. 
2),  irigonata  Irom  Qnftlior, 
LeptorhjUonjara  is  not  considered  to  be  generieallj  dietinot  from 

Ht/pmhina  enhgdrix  liaa  sometimes  23  rowa  of  scales, 
TtHmeremms  Andersoni  of  Theobald    is   qmtre  distinot  from    71 

mmiicola  with  which  it  was  wrongly  idcmtified  by  Dr.  Anderson. 

It  is  an  Andaman  species,  and  allied  to  T>  porphi/racem  of  Bijth. 
[This  poper  will  be  publiisbed  with  illuati'ation  in  the  Natural 

History  Part  of  the  Journal  for  the  current  year], 

6.    Notes  on  new  on  little  k.vown  Indian  Lizaads, 
bg  Dm,  F.  Stoliczka. 

{Abstract.) 

After  some  preliminary  remarks,  the  author  gives  notas  ou  the 
following,  known  or  new,  epeciee  : — 

Laoertid^, 

Tachydromui  HjpUmaim^  and  tlio  allied  Bpeoiea  T,  meridknalU^  T. 
Hautjhionianwi^  and  21  tepttmtrknalk, — Ophiops  Jerdom\  Blyth,  = 
I^HudophiopM  Jerdoni  ^  Pi,   Throhaldi  and  ?  ^=   P«.  Meddamei  of 


*  Tbe  naming  of  this  flpeoiea  was  the  caasd  of  a  Tnost   u^justiflubttt  Httiusk 
hy  Dr.  Aorlerson  opoii  Dr.  Jerdon,  as  recorded  by  the  former  in  the  PitKS.  of  tlittj 
Zool.  Soc,   of  Loudon  for  1871»  p.  156.     I  do  not  wiah  to  repent  that  prK8Uui|] 
tuous  stfttemeiit, -which  has  justly  elicited  the  indi^iiritionofnatuiultst^  uihumoil 
bnt  n  reference  top,  72  of  the  Society's  Proceedin^»^  for  Febmtiry  187M  n\i\  »ht3H 
that  it  WII8  1  who  onViually  gave  thiit  in  formation  to  Dr.  Jerdon*  iui  reourdcd  1  ^ 
biru  (hc>t.).  The  apecinienj  for  which  the  nw)f  unme  wcis  piopuaed,  woa  i-ectiivod 
dunnf?  my  teniporBry  touare  of  the  office  &s  Ciirttutr  of  H(»*  TndiAti  Mim^'hto,  aod 
lUi  iiach  I  thong^htit  rv/^i  in  comtnnnicating  the  i  n 

1  knew  to  be  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  n  iim 

A  few  |K}ints  of  minor  importance  in  the  idciitsiir .iMuu  ,n  ,,n  .  |"  v  n.-i  \'ji.\v  mi  u 
atffcerwiirds  compared  by  Dr.  Jerdnn,  with  the  knowiedg*^  of  one  or  tho  other 
of  tho  officers  of  the  Musenm.  The  name  HxriAjht^jrvianux  has  been  n^Lmr*  .!  iw 
Jendoti  on  my  saggeation.— Of  nlJ  this  Dr.  Anderson  ahonhi,  oi  mii^ht  i 

Hwure.  Bnt  if  ho  svishee  todtyle  hmiself  a  "  Director"  of  the  Maoeum,  V.  i 

he  be  so  auxious  to  apply  Dr.  Jerdon's  Blatetncut "  with  the  contiurrf  i#t-o  oi  itufi 
Curator"  to  himself?    The  monopoly  of  namiu^  and  deseribin;^  8|>ecimeiia  in  ifc 
pabtie  Mndoatii,  \f  hieh  Dr.  Anderson  apjwai^  to  chiiin  tus  hia  oxclaaive  rijjhfc,  ht 
rortnniitcly  not  yet  been  mudo  luw  in  the  Indian  >Io»uutn  at  Cutoutttu 


1871.] 


Pr&CB0dinff«  i^f  th$  Asiatic  Si^i^t^. 


19^ 


Jerdon. —  Ophiopi  [^ymiw/w]  microUpU,  Blunf.,  from  Kuhurbaleo. — 
AcantMuctylui  Oantority  from  near  Agra,  Ambola,  Ludiaaa  &c. 


species 


noticed     are 


In    tUia    family     the    more    important 
Of  Remidact^U  15  species  are  distinguished  : 

1.  JL  irUdruSf  from  which  Jerdon*8  if.  suHriifdruf  is  poseibl/" 
diBtinct 

2.  H,  niactdatM^  D.  and  B.  (smaller  form). 

3.  //.  Fi^rmif  Kelaai't  =  M.  nuicuUtm^  D.  and  B,>  larg«  »ped* 
men,  ?  s=  JJ.  Sjfhii,  Giintlier, 

4-5.     H,  graeilii^  Blf.,  and  27".  niicuMm,  Bodd. 

6.  B^/renalui,  (r  —  H,  punctaius,  Jordon). 

7.  H,  L^sch^nautUi  =:  R.  Keh%arii^  Thoob.,  5=  K.  mummatM*^ 
Blanford. 

8.  R,  Mortoni,  Theobald  ;  Burma. 

9.  JZ  CaddBi  =  H^  B^Hj/ahsnsitf  Andurs<»ri. 

10.  //.  anranfiiicmf  B«idd, 
1 L     n*  giganimi^  u.  sp.   tjimilai*  to  Coeiwi^  bat  muoh  birger,  the 

general  size  bein^  t»qual  to  that  of  Gecko  guttaiui.  First  labial  not 
ectoriug;  the  nostril,  Itt — 20  fomoral  pores  on  either  side  of  thigli, 
separate  in  proB-an£ti  region  ;  olive  greyj  marbled  and  spotted  with 
darker. 

Rab.  Goddviri  vaUej  near  Badrachalain^  on  trees ;  discovered  by 
Mr.  W.  T.  Blanford. 

12*  if.  \_DorgHro']  Berdmm-ti^  Blyth,  Tliis  species  iB  re-de- 
aoribed,  and  a  figure  of  it  given.  Burma,  Oachar,  Sikkim  Terai| 
Tista  ToUey  and  Kumaon. 

13,  R,  [^Dorgur(i\  Mandelianua^  n*  sp.  Body  long,  much  depres- 
sed, as  is  also  the  tail,  the  latter  with  shai^p  lateral  subtuberouIatt» 
edges  ;  12 — 14  upperi  10 — 12  lower  labials  ;  first  larger  pair  of 
enlarged  ohin-shieldj»  forms  a  suture^  second  smaller,  separated 
from  each  other  and  from  the  labials  by  smaller  scales^  36  long. 
series  of  soales  on  middle  of  belly.  No  femoral  pores  observed. 
Grey,  densely  iuai*bled  and  punctated  or  streaked  with  blackisli  and 
with  intermixed  larger  pale  spots  Pankabaroe  and  Tista  valley 
in  Lower  jSikklm. 


104 


Proeitdingn  of  the  Aitiatu  Society. 


[Sep 


14-15*    27;  [i).]  OaudatHu  and  ff.  [i>.]  STarenorum,  Tbcob. 

Pcripia   Cantoris  and  Feronii  havo  generally  a  distiuct  minut 
8eta  on  the  inner  toe. 

Nyctt^ridium  phtyurttSf  Sclmeider,  is  =  I^^ci.     S(}hneiierianuti 
Bhaw,  =  iT.  Simalayanum^  Anderson. 

Oymnodaciylus  Lawderanus^  n.  ep.  Body  covered  with  small  and 
larger  tubercles  ;  no  enlarged  stales  behind  the  nostril,  9  upper, 
lower  labials  ;  first  pfiir  of  chin- shields  forma  a  suture  and  is  foil  owe 
by  smaller  shields ;  32  long*  series  of  scales  across  belly  ;  two  pairs 
of  femoral  pores,  close  together  on  pree-anal  region  j  pale  greyish 
brown,  densely  spotted  with  dark  brown ;  Kumaou ;  diaoovere 
by  Mr.  A,  Lawder. 

{?.  nebulo9USy  Beddome,  ie  not  ==  Q.  nebukmSf  Blyth,  (nomen 
nudum). 

Gym,  maculaiita^  Beddome,  1870,  is  not  =^  G,  maculalus^  Steind., 
1866. 

Gym,  marmoratu$^  Beddome,    1870,  is  not  =  G.  marmoraiit*f 
andB.,  1836. 

Japahira  wriegata^  may  possibly  be  the  same  as  /.  mieroUpU^  Je 
don,  but  is  certainly  distinct  from  Jerdon's  pUnidontuta^  the  lati 
having  been  wrongly  identiiied  by  Anderson  with  the  first, 

Sitana  Fonticeriann  extends  eastward  to  the  Ganges  and  north- 
wards to  Hurki  and  into  the  Panjab. 

Charasia  BUnfordana^  n.  sp.  :==  Ch*  dorsaliSf  apud  Elanford,  J^ 
A*  S.  B*,  vol.  xxxjXf  368  ;  differs  from  the  latter  by  its  larger  scales 
which  are  in  80 — 100  series  round  the  body,  &c. 

Ch,  [^Oriotiaris^  tricar  inatm  (Blyth)  =  Or  tot.  Ellictii^  GUuthen^ 

Stellio  Day  an  ut J  n«  sp.,  difTera  from  St,  tuhercui^tuSf  =^=  St.  indicm  c 
Blyth,  by  the  larger  scales  on  the  back,  these  behig  continuous   ob 
the  neck ;  by  having  only  40  long,  series  of  scales  across  belly,  and  bj 
its  longer  tail  and  limbs,  &:c.    Hurdwar ;  discovered  by  Dr.  P.  BayJ 

Euprepe^  \^TiUqua\  macular iu^^  Blyth,  quite  distinct  from  thi 
next ;  varies  very  much  in  coloration. 

jE",  [71]  mrinatm  has  quite  as  ot^en  5  as  3  keels  on  each  scale. 

EnprepeB  montiivlaf  from  Sakibgunj  on  the  Ganges,  has  a  tr 
parent  disc  on  lower  eyelid. 

Himtlia  indica^  Gi'ttJi  ie  distinct  from   IT   nktcuhtff^   Blyth  an4 


I87L] 


3f9i^«  of  the  jimattnSoemy7 


N 


also  distinct  from  H.  DmiimtWi\  D.  and  B.  Oliaractera  of  the 
three  species  accorapaiiied  by  di*awings  are  given* 

Mocoa  Sikhm^mts  is  redeambed  and  is  not  the  same  as  Giinther's 
Mum.  Simalaifanm, 

Mocoa  sacnif  n.  sp.  Like  Sikkimensis,  but  more  slender,  with  22 
longit,  series  of  scales  round  the  body  and  40  tTansverBe  seines 
between  the  limbs ;  ear  denticulate  in  front ;  sub-caudttla  enlarged 
from  near  the  anus ;  bronze  brown  above  with  a  few  dark  8pot«, 
blackish  at  the  anterior  side  ;  rest  greenish  white.  Parisnath  ;  W. 
Bengal. 

A  new  species  of  the  very  rare  genua  JlUtella^  Gray,  baa  beea 
discovered  by  Major  Beddome  in  South  India*  A  figure  and  des- 
oription  of  it  is  given.     It  ia  named  by  Beddome  7?.  Mahharim. 

Uiopa  angnma^  Theobald.  Dr.  Anderson  has  included  two 
dilferont  species  under  this  name  (see  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lon* 
1871,  p.  159).  The  measurements  and  dimensions  are  mostly 
those  of  true  an^iuna^  but  the  coloration  is  taken  from  a  species 
which  Theobald  (Lin.  Soc*  Jour*  Zool.  p.  26)  most  probably  noted 
under  the  name  R.  B<^ringi^  but  which  is  distinct  from  both  these 
species.  It  diHers  from  the  former  by  its  much  longer  limbs,  but 
chieliy  by  its  coloration  j  from  the  latter  by  the  structure  of  sealea, 
&c.     The  speciiic  name  cyanella  is  proposed  for  this  new  species. 

Riopa  alhopunctata  and  Hurdteickiu  Notes  on  tlie  structural 
affinities  as  well  as  on  the  geographical  distribution  of  these  two 
species  are  given. 

[This  paper  will  appear,  with  numerous  illustrations,  in  the  Ist 
number  of  the  Nat.  Hist.  Part  of  the  Journal  for  the  ensuing  year.] 

6.     Ok  HjLAiiLToK  Buchakak's  original  naAwiuos  of  fish  in  tee 
Ltbeailt  of  xue  Asiatic  Society  of  BknoaLi  by  Surgeon  F*  Day, 

In  the  Library  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  exist  several 
volumes  of  manuscripts  and  drawings  by  Dr.  Buchanan.  In  two  of 
these  are  one  hundred  and  forty -nine  original,  coloured  deline' 
ations  of  fish,  and  45  uupios.  On  the  former  are  **  the  specific 
names  in  Buchanan's  handwriting^,  marked  under  the  figures^  so 
as  to  leave  no  doubt  or  difficulty  in  referring  them  to  corre- 
sponding descriptions  in  the  Uangetic  fishes.*'  (McClollaud*) 


Proefedin^i  of  ih  Asiatic  &/em 


[Sbft 


In  *'  Chambers*  lives  of  Scotc^hnien,"  it  is  stated,  that  Buehaiinti, 
Hiimilton  on  his  departure  from  India  was  deprivod  by  the  Mur- 
•|ULS  of  Hastings  of  all  his  extensive  drawings  and  papers  relatiug^j 
to  ©very  brant  h  of  natural  history.  (McClelland.)  Since  this  period 
it  has  been  generally  admitted  that  the  Indian  Government  appro- 
priated the  private  coUeotions  of  drawings  belonging  to  that  olBcerJ 
Having  boen  fummhed  with  the  original  correspondence^  I  find 
that  Buchanan  j  on  having  resigned  the  olEce  of  Superintendent  of  the 
Botanic  Gardens,  sailed  for  Europe  in  1815  in  the  **  Marchioness  of 
Ely,"  taking  with  him  ** collections  of  natural  history,  coins  and 
Hindu  Mauuscripts'*  which  he  presented  to  the  Court  of  BlrecU*; 
of  the  Bast  India  Company. 

In  a  communication  from  Dr.  Hare,  a  successor  to  Br.  Buchanan , 
in  the  appointment  of  Superintendent  of  the  Botanic  Gardens, 
the  Chief  Secretary  to  the  Government,  (dated  July  27th,  1816 
there  occurs  the  following  passage,  ^'  In  a  letter  from  the  Ktgh^ 
**  Him^Me  the  Governor- General  of  the  .5th  January,  1815,  His" 
**  Excellency  says  :  *  by  a  letter  from  Dr.  Buchanan  received  here,, 
*•  *  it  appears  that  he  proposes  to  carry  to  Europe  all  the  drawing 
**  *  of  animals  and  plants  coUocted  by  him  dui-ing  the  tour  which  he 
**  *  was  employed  to  make  in  this  country.  Dr.  Buchanan  state 
**  *  that  it  is  his  object  to  request  the  Court  of  Directors  to  occef 
**  *  this  collection  oa  a  present  from  him.  Now,  I  appreheod  tha 
**  *  those  drawings  are  already  the  property  of  the  Hon'ble  Couil 
**  *  the  service  for  which  Dr.  Buchanan  was  employed  and  pai4 
**  *  having  specifically  been  the  famishing  Gt>vemment  with  a  knon 
**  *  ledge  of  the  animal  and  vegetable  productions  of  tliis  country^' 
'*  *  delineations  are  essentially  included  in  this  service.*  *  ♦  •  The 
**  drawings  were  transmitted  to  Government  with  the  following 
'*  letter,  dated  1 8th  February.  *  I  have  been  honoured  with  you 
**Uetterof  the  Slst  ultimo,  withdrawing  the  permission  of  tk 
•*  *  Hon'ble  Vice-President  in  Council  for  sending  to  the  Hoq*1 
**  *  Court  of  Directors,  such  drawings  of  natural  productions  i 
**  *  have  been  made  at  the  Public  expense,  and  desiring  me  i 
"  *  dehver  them  to  you  which  I  have  aooordingly  done  by  the  be 
14  ( «  *  ♦  my  object  in  requesting,  that  X  might  be  permitted  to 
**  *  present  the  drawings  to  the  Caurt  of  Directors,  did  not  originate 


187L] 


iin^i  qfthe  Asiatic  Sochtf/. 


197 


»*  *  ill  a  view  of  claiming  the  merit  of  making  a  present  to  tlie  Com- 
**  *  pany  of  its  own  property,  but  arose  from  a  conviction  tbat  their 
**  *  being  deposited  in  the  collection  at  the  India  House  vras  the 
**  *  most  probable  means  of  rendering  them  uaefiil  to  science,'  "  The 
drawings  were  kept  in  India  to  illuBtrate  Dr.  Buchanan's  statistical 
reports  on  several  of  the  districts,  and  it  was  proposed  to  take 
copies  of  the  originals,  whii^h  were  subsequently  to  b©  transmitted 
to  England. 

8om8  of  these  drawings  have  been  transferred  to  the  niustrations 
of  Indian  Zoology,  General  Hardwicke  having  had  them  **  copied 
from  the  drawings  of  Buchanans  Hamilton  by  that  gentleman's* 
consent."  (Eichardaon.)  Others  have  been  reproduced  by  McClelland 
In  his  Memoir  on  the  Cyprinidm  of  India,  B.  A.  8.  of  B.  1899. 

In  the  Zoological  Record  for  1869,  p.  127,  Dr.  Giinther   observe 
of  these  drawings,  that  they    **  exist  in  triplicate,    one   copy  beiny' 
in  the  British  Museum,    where  their  Iree   use  is   allowed.'^     He 
also  remarks  :    *^  It  may  be  questioned  whether   it  is   desirable  to  ^ 
utilbce  drawings,  the  types  of  which   are  lost,  in   any  other  way, 
but  as  a  help  to  supplement  the  insufficiently  published  descrip- 
tions.'*    But  have  the  types  been  lost  ?     In  the  **  Catalogue  of  the 
Fishes  of  the  British  Museum,"  Vol.  m,  p.  iv,  1861,  the  receipt  is 
ac^knowledged  of  **  6.     A  oolleetioQ  of  fishes  from  Bengal,  believed  ' 
to  contmn  many  typical  specimens  of  Buchanan  Hamilton's   work, 
presented  by  O.  H.  Waterhouse,  Esq*" 

The   first   consideration  wliich  suggests   itself  is»  how  was  tliie 
collection  obtained  from   Bengal  ?     It   does   not   appear  to    have 
existed   in    the    Miiseom  of  the  Asiatic  Society  or  in  the  Botanical  J 
Gardens,  whilst  the  collections  conveyed  to  Europe   by   Buchanan  j 
were  presented  by  him  to  the  India  Hoxise, 

At  page  471  in  the  same  volume,  Br.  Giinther  observes  of  the 
Ophiacephalus^  auranliactiSj  H.  B.,  **  the  typical  specimen  is  not  pre- 
served in  the  collection  presented  by  Mr,  Waterhouse  :  and  in  fact 
the  drawing  is  taken  from  the  Hardwicke  collection,"  It  would 
appear  fmm  this,  that  Dr.  Giinther  had  arrived  at  the  conclusion, 
probably   on   good   evidence,    that  Air.  Waterhouse  had  presented 

*  More  prob&blj  with  iho  cons^tit  of  tbe  Soperijiteiideiit  of  the  Botmaio 
Gtirdc&B  in  wliOAe  charge  they  remiuued. 


196 


Frocesdingg  of  the  Asiatic  Society, 


[Sbpt 


Hamilton  Buchanan's  (i/pi?»  to  the  British  Museum ;  he  also  observes 
in  eeveral  places  of  spet^meria  *'  pi'oliaLly  types  of  the  species." 
In  sliort  it  seems  that  the  original  collection,  or  some  part  of  it> 
still  exists  in  the  natioDal  one. 

As  to  the  aecond  portion  of  the  sentence,  a  slight  inaccuracy  has 
occurrecf,  bocanso  Hamilton  Buchanan  could  not  have  copied  from  tJi© 
**  IlluatrationB  of  Indian  Zoology,"  He  published  the  *'  Fishes  of  th© 
Ganges*'  in  1822,  and  died  in  1829,  General  Hardwieke  returned  to 
Europe  in  1818,  and  his  work  wa5  published  in  1832  or  1833,  several 
years  after  Hamilton  Biichonan^a  death.  Irrespective  of  this  the 
original  drawing,  No»  CO,  was  left  in  India  in  1818,  by  Buchanan. 

I  cannot  omit  questioning  whether  the  British  Museum  possesses 
copies  of  all  these  original  drawings.  My  reasons  for  doubting 
are,  that  sorao  omissions  and  wrong  identifications,  besides 
figm'es  j-^lacod  to  the  literary  credit  of  General  Hardwicke,  instoad 
of  Hamilton  Buchanan,  have  found  a  place  in  the  B.  M.  Cataloguea, 
which  could  scarcely  have  occurred,  had  Br.  Giinther  had  access  to 
each  accurate  delinoations,  as  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  possesses. 
I,  therefore,  propose  enumerating  the  drawings  which  eidst  in  tho 
library,  the  figures  niarked  l>eforu  eath  being  identical  with  what 
1  have  placed  In  pencil  on  those  of  the  collection,  for  the  purpose 
of  future  identification, 

In  examining  these  drawings  in  volume  marked  iv,  I  bavo 
first  placed  the  unpublished  names  as  oxisting  upon  them  within 
brackets,  next  the  names  as  published  in  the  fishes  of  the  Ganges, 
with  H.  B,  after  each  of  them,  and  lastly  the  determinations  in  the 
Catalogue  of  tho  Fishes  of  the  British  Museum,  as  it  is  believed 
that  that  institution  possesses  copies  of  the  original  drawings,  and 
it  IB  also  supposed  the  remains  of  the  typical  collection.'^ 

L     {Gmtropomm  phikhanda\  l^  inches  long,     Chanda  phuU^ 
"  H.  B.  =  Amhams  ohlonga^  C.  and  V,,  B.  M.  Catal. 

•  By  reproduced,  it  must  be  distvnctty  tindergtood  th«t  I  njoan  "  mth  the 
lenvti  of  tho  uuthor*  or  jickuowledged  us  ''  oLitaiuod  from  H  Ji.  oollection/*  ua 
M'Clellaud  ob«et  ved  of  i.he  ii^e  bo  made  of  them  :  "  1  hnvo  bweu  more  anximifl 
to  tderitify  Buchfinua'tJ  apo«ie«  tbaii  to  deaoribo  new  onna,  j»tid  to  r<*aerFe  hifl 
Dumes  t)mii  to  subatituto  others,"  By  cmiiieJ.  I  ofoouraa  irikjftii  *'  accidentally" 
or  "  overlooked/'  aud  \  beJievo  doe  to  the  drawing  in  questiou  uut  being 
ftjnoogat  thiitie  hi  thu  l}iiti«h  Museum. 


1871.] 


Proeeeiingi  of  the  AmUc  Sacieti/, 


2.  (         „        ?  bahrul)j  l^^  inelAes  long* 
A,  ---  ?  B,  M,  CaUl. 

3.  (         ,,         hogo^a),  2^*^   inoiies  long. 
Ambasm  hogoda^  B.  M.  Catal. 

4.  {Silurus  chaka),  in  Fishes  of  Ganges  pL  28,  f.  43.  Flatg- 
itacHs  chamj  H*  B.  =  Chaea  Bmhmam^  Gunther,  B,  M.  Cutal. 

5.  (  ,j  kampahda)y  2  views,  each  4  inches  long.  Probahly 
the  omitted  first  spetios  of  Gallichrous*  P,  spiue  serrated.  Maxil- 
lary borhela  reach  to  the  middle  of  the  total  length.  Anal  tin  with 
about  63  rays* 

a.  (  „  pahda),  CalUchtom  paU^  H.  B,,  pL  22,  f.  48»  == 
C.pahda,  B.  M.  Catal 

7.  (Mahpterure  kagaU)^  reproduced  HI,  Ind.  Zool.  MalapUrurm 
ih,  H*  B.  =  Ailia  Bengalivmh^  Oniy,  B.  M,  Catal. 

8.  (Hf/poiftomits  ^  aisorX  reproduced*  111,  Ind.  Zool.  jS/xo/'  r/th- 
dophom$^  H   B.  =^  <Sf,  rahdophoni*t  B.  M,  CataL 

9.  (Plmdodus  mm}g<^oi\  2  views,  each  3  inrhos  long.  Pitmhdai 
mangou^  H.  B.  ==  Amhlgceps  mangoia^  B.  M.  Catal. 

10.  (  ,,  ?  fii^iwi*^«*)^  2  viewe,  each  3  J  inches  long,  P» 
tehhUta^  n.  B.  =  Olypio»iernum  —  f  B.  M,  Cntal^  ;  also  probably 
G,  iHUmatmnf  Blyth,  B.  M.  CataL 

11-  (  „  hata»i\  2  views,  each  3^*^  inohes  long.  Barbels  all 
shorter  than  the  head  (quite  different  from  pi.  23,  f,  60,  whitJi  is 
P.  carcio^  n,  B^,  erroneously  named  P,  hatmtU4).  P,  batoiWj  H.  B. 
=  31  ttc tones  batasWf  B.  M.  Catal. 

12.  (  „  har&)^  2  views,  each  2^*jf  inches  long.  JS*  harm^ 
H.  B.  =  Ilara  Biwhanani,  Bl^-th,  B.  M.  Catal. 

13.  (  „  chafigdramara),  2  views,  ea<;h  2  inches  long,  2 
short  naaal,  and  4  maxillary  and  mandibular  barbels.  P,  ehandra- 
vmra^  H.  B.  =  Maeronei  —  ?  B.  M.  Catal. 

14.  (  „  muri  meha)^  2  views,  each  3|^  inches  long.  P. 
murii$8j  H.  B,  =  £utropius  f  munus  and  Pieud^utropiua  wegalopg^ 
Gunther,  B,  M.  Catal. 


15.     ( 


vnm)f  2  views,  each   2^%  inches  long,     P,  unta 


H.  B.  =  Pteudeulroptus  aihnnoid^f  Bl.,  B.  H,  Catal, 

16,     (       ,,      aurafia\  2  views,  ea^h  0  inches  long.  P,  nenga^  II.Bt, 
reference  omitted  in  B.  M.  Ctttiil.,  =^  Arim  artotde^^  C.  and  V.,  1.  c. 


*2i)0 


I*r(fC4(din0$  of  the  Asiatic  Socitl^. 


n,  ( 


long. 


khongia)^  2  view«,   each   3   incliee 
H.  B,  =  Mara  eonta,  Bljth,  li.  M,  CataL 

Id.     (       fi       tel^agra  and  w^rmdn)^  publishod  as   P,  eonuin^ 
B  ,  pi.  1,  f.  72  ==  Mmroim  —  ?  B.  M.Oatal.  5=  Macfonm  irachactuk* 
ikiM^  C,  and  v.,  I.  c 

l^J.  (  ),  tmggana\  P.  tengnna^  H,  B.,  pL  39,  f  58  ^s  jr«?r#-> 
w<*.v^  iaigunoj  B.  M,  Catfd. 

20.  (  „  kenM),  P.  c<m*:<i,  H.  B.,  pi*  31,  f,  69,  reforeno^ 
omitted  in  B.  M.  Catal.  23^  Mat?rm0$  iMksm,  Sykas  1.  cit.,  it  is  a  iZji* 
mipimelodmi* 

21.  (  ,,  eawtMi)^  P,  ca vastus,  II.  B.  ^=^  Mucrones  catsoiiui^ 
B.  M.  Catal. 

22.  (  „  Jcurki)^  orroueously  iig^ired  pi,  23,  f.  60,  as  P.  hata- 
Btm ;  it  ie  P.  hatasim^  H.  B.  =  JJT.  tengani^  H.  B.,  in  B*  M.  Cafcal.^  1 
tlto  latter  name,  however,  referring  to  a  diiieront  species  with  a  long 
adipose  dorsal  tia,  itud  thurofore  P,  hatasim  and  P,  airmo  must  bo 
distinott  and  may  both  be  good  species,  one  with  long,  the  other 
with  short  barbels. 

23.  y,  tirid€ic$m^  H«  B*^  pi.  xi,  f.  56,  reference  omitted  in 
B.  M.  Catalogue ;  it  ie  a  Remipumlodia, 

24.  (  ,,  ?  namjra\  F.nangm,  H.  B,,  pi.  xi,  f.  C3,  refereaoe 
omitted  in  B.  M.  Catalogue ;  it  is  a  Macrones, 

25.  (  „  rama  Unggara)^  P,  rama^  H.  B.,  pL  3,  f,  55  =  RUa 
—  ?B.  M.  Catal. 

26.  Ophiaurus  haro^  reproduced  in  HI.  lud.  ZooL  0,  boro^  H.  B* 
=  Opldchthya  horo^  B.  M.  Catal, 

The  gills  of  tills  Qcd  are  contained  in  a  large  cavity  on  either 
aide  of  the  head,  and  do  not  oommunieate  with  each  other.  The 
fish  distends  this  receptacle  with  air  takon  iu  by  its  month ;  it 
appears  to  be  able  to  respire  directly  from  the  atmosphere,  or  by 
means  of  the  air  contained  in  the  water.  On  holding  its  smdl  gill 
opening  hrmly  closed^  it  takes  in  air  by  its  mouth  ;  should  ltd 
month  be  held  dosed,  it  struggles  until  its  head  is  released,  so  as  to 
be  able  to  respire.  If  the  gills  are  exposed  by  cutting  away  the 
gill  membrane,  and  it  is  placed  in  water,  it  slowly  movfs  its  branchina, 
and  appears  to  fool  no  inconvenience  in  being  unablo  to  obtain 
air  direct  through  it»  mouth. 


1871.] 


Fro€4f§din^s  of  ike  Asiatu 


201 


27.  (  J,  rwttraitu)f  perhaps  O,  hijala^  H.  B;,  appai*eatly 
omitted  from  B.  M.  Catalogue. 

28.  (  „  harangc/ia),  reprotlueed  HI.  lad.  ZuoU  0.  haraji' 
cha,  H.  B.  =  0,  horo,  B,  M.  Catal. 

29.  (Murmnojfhig  ba2i\  nearly  12  inches  long,  Munmut  ha^ia^ 
H.  B.  =  Mm^mnegox  ciuereuM^  Forsk.,  B.  M.  Catal. 

30.  (  „  tilelaim),  8J  inches  long.  i/.  iile^  H.  B.  ==:  Murw- 
na  tile,  B.  M.  Catal. 

31.  (  ,»  fat/iifU),  about  15  inches  long,  31.  «alhete^  H.  B. 
=  if.  mth$te,  B.  M.  OataL 

32.  {Muratm  bamack),  reproduced  111.  Ind.  55<ioL  ai*  M.  Benffa- 
Uenm;  the  same  aa  M*  maculata^  H.  B*  =  Angmlla  Hm^almtm, 
B,  M.  Catal,     H.  B's  name  rejected  as    "  (not  LacepA,**  wluUt  no 

A.  maculata^  Lacep^^de,  finds  a  place  in  the  Catalogtte. 

33.  (  ,,  ?  rakta  bomya)^  reproduced  in  111,  Iiid.  Zool,  J/- 
miiaboumf  H.  B.  ==  Uoringtia  raitahmra^  B.  M.  Catal. 

34.  A   shark  is  figured^  Squalus  carcharitu  Y   II.   B*,  omitted . 
in  B*  M.  Catal,,  it  is  Carchariiu  Gan^ftictts^  B.  M*  Catal. 

35.  (SquaUoM  characiuM  f  KdttUa).  This  shark  with  a  sharp 
noae  was  not  desuribed, 

36.  {Trichopodm  hijs),  T.  coUm,  H.  B.,  pL  15,  f,  40=  TriVsAo. 
ff after  /(uciatusf  B.  M.  Catal, 

37.  (  „  rtiber%  2  inches  long,  J.  lalius^  II.  B.  =  T,  fa* 
aciatun,  B<  M.  Catal, 

38.  (  „  vittatm),  \^%  inches  long,  T,  ehma,  H.  B>  =  Tri^ 
cUgMUr  —  ?  B.  M.  Catal, 

39.  (       „     fmcm),  1^  inches  long.     T.  iotu,  H,  B  =  71  —  ? 

B.  M.  Catal. 

40.  (  J,  eim'ulesc^m)t  2y\  inches  long.  T,  coira,  li.  B.  = 
r.fiueiaiw,  B.  M-  Catal, 

41.  {Achifirii  jihha)f  11  inches  long,  Cj^m^los^m  Im^ua,  H.  B. 
=  a  lingua^  B.  M.  CataL 

42.  (  „  kukur  jMa),  D,  lOi}^  A.  7B,  A.  c^nof/hum,  IL  B, 
=  C*ftUfffloisui  HdmiUomtf  Qitnther,  B.  M.  Catal, 

43.  {FUurofuetn  ani),  2^%  inehea  long,  P.  arsit^^  H.  B.  = 
Pxeudorhomhus  <im«#,  B,  M.  Catal,  with  the  following  remark,  *'» 
coloured  drawing  of  this  huh,  31  UauH  long,  is  in    the   i^ollection  of 


202  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  |_Sbpt. 

drawings,  presented  by  General  Hardwicke  to  the  British  Muse- 
um.*' 

44.  {Slolephorus  balitora\  reproduced  McClelland,  OyprinushM'- 
tor  a,  H.  B.  =  FsilorhynchtM  balitora,  B.  M.  Catal. 

45.  (  „  8ukati)j  reproduced  McClelland,  =  F.sucatio^  B.  M. 
Catal. 

46.  {Colitis  geto\  H.  B.,  pi.  xi,  f.  96  =  Botia  dario,  B.  M.  Catal. 

47.  (  „  dari\  C.  dario,  H  B.,  pi.  29,  f.  95  =  B,  dano, 
B.  M.  Catal. 

48.  (  „  turi)y  reproduced  McClelland,  O.  turio,  H.  B.  ==5 
Nemachilus  turio^  B.  M.  Catal. 

49.  (  „  hilturi)^  reproduced  McClelland,  0.  hilturio,  H.  B. 
=•  K  botia,  B.  M.  Catal. 

50.  (  „  botya),  reproduced  McClelland,  C.  botia,  H.  B.  = 
N,  botia,  B.  M.  Catal. 

51-  (  »  ^flw^ya),  reproduced  McClelland,  C,  pangia,  BL  B. 
=  Acanthophtlialmus  pangia,  B.  M.  Catal. 

52.  (  ,,  kkorika),  reproduced  McClelland,  G.  corica,  H.  B. 
,=  N.  corica,  B.  M.  Catal. 

53.  Unnamed,  reproduced  McClelland  as  0.  soaturigina  = 
iV^.  —  ?  B.  M.  Catal. 

51.  (  „  savun  khuriJcd),  reproduced  McClelland,  G.savona, 
n.  B.  =  N.  savova,  B.  M.  Catal. 

.35.  (  ,,  ghorgota),  reproduced  McClolland,  G.  gongota,  H. 
B.  =  Cohifis  gongotaj  B.  M.  Catal. 

56.  ,,  halgartiy  11.  B.,  reproduocd  McClolland  =  Lepido- 
c  phiUchthyif  hahjara,  B.  M    Catal. 

57.  (  „  cJuda  kn/cura),  roprodm^od  McClelland,  G.  cucura 
H.  B.  =  GohiliH  gongoia,  II.  B.,  B.  M.  Catal. 

58.  (  ,,  guntc),  reproduced  McClelland,  G.  guntea,  H.  B. 
=r  GobitiA'  guntea,  B.  M.  Catal. 

59.  60  and  61  are  the  originals  of  Ophiocephalas  barca,  pi.  35, 
r  20.  0.  aurant incus,  pi.  23,  f.  22,  and  O.  wrahle,  pi.  31,  f.  17  ==  0. 
barca,  0.  airiatus,  and  0.  gachua  ?  in  B.  M.  Catal. 

02.     Agentosus  inilitaris,  outline  only. 

63.  Pseudeutropins,  unfinished. 

64.  {Mugil  bongon).     This  fish  does  not  appear  to  have  been 


187L] 


Pro(f9edifi^M  of  th§  Auaiie  Socteitf, 


203 


described  by   Ilamiltou  Buchanaii,  unless  as  M,  cephahis  ?      Tho 
Bangon  in  the  Culcutta  markets  is  J/1  planic^ps^  C.  and  V. 

65.  Utmamtid.  Rata  fiuciatilui^  H.  B.  =  Tty^on  Mphen,  B.  M. 
Catah 

66.  (Kaicltanda)^  ^^^  mohoB  long,  outline  of  head  mth  inter- 
maxillarioa  protruded-  Vhanda?  ifitt/er,  H.  B.,  omitted  in  B.  M. 
Catalogue,  appears  to  be  =  Qfrren  aUijtpinis^  Oiinther  in  B,  K.  Cata- 
logue, the  specimen  of  wlueh  belonged  to  tho  Buchanan  eoUoction  j 
the  species  ib  abundant  in  Calcutta  and  Bombay. 

67.  {^Bolorentni-R  ?  katkaya\  reproduced  in  HI.  of  Ind.  Zooh  as 
PUrapon  trivittatm^  considered  Therapon  aervuv^  BL,  in  B.  M.  CataL, 
whereas  Coim  trmttaiust  H.  B.,  was  the  original  desfTlption^  and 

I  =  T,  invittaiUBt  L  c. 

68.  (MugU  hmkmya)  3  inches  long.  M.  cattcaimy  H.  B.  =» 
M,—?,  B.  M,  Catal. 

69.  fMugUlmis).  Mugti  albula  ^  H.  B,»  omitted  from  the  B.  M. 
Catalogue,  the  same  species  however,  appears  to  be  described  aa 
M,  nepaUnsMf  Giinther,  who  records,  one  skin  8  inches  long  from 
the  "  fresh  waters  of  Nepal''  presented  by  Mr.  Hodgson,  and  in 
VoL  i,  p.  279,  another  marine  liah  Therapun  §ervua^  is  thus  referred 
to  **  Half-grown;  stuffed,  (Nepal?)*  Presented  by  B.  H.  Ho<lgson 
Esq.*'  Both  these  fish  ascend  the  Hoogldy  to  within  or  a  little  above 
tidal  influence,  and  perhaps  the  two  skins  were  prepared  m  Oalcatta. 
As  not  a  single  example  of  the  Family  AlagUicUB  is  found  in  Nepal, 
the  designation  Jf.  nepaUmis  for  this  Calcutta  fish  ib,  I  think^  a 
little  inappropriate,  and  I  would  suggest  its  being  altered  to  if. 
hBuh^  n.  B.  (MS,).  I  may  remark  that  1  have  lately  obtained  five 
specimens  of  it  in  the  Hooghly  at  Calcutta, 

70  and  7L    Same  as  No.  64. 

72.  {Cohitta  chunojf  1^*^  inches.  Gobms  ehum^  H.  B.,  omitted 
in  B.  M.  Catal. 

7d«  (  ,;  §adammdi\  2yV  inches.  GMm  tad&nundta,  H.  B.  ^>= 
O^  ModanundiOf  B.  M.  Catal. 

74.  GohiuM  tfutum^  H*  B*»  2^^  inches.  =  <?.  —  >'  H.  B.,  B.  M, 
CataL,  with  the  remark  ^^  a  figure  of  it  (No.  272)  exists  in  the 
collection  of  drawings  of  fishes  by  Hardwicko  (M88.  of  the  British 
Museum).'* 


204 


Prf^eedinga  of  the  Aniatic  BQtiHif. 


[Sept. 


75.  (     „     ihuikim)^  ^^  incliea,     Q.  nttmis,  H.   B»,  omitetd  in 
B.  M.  Catalogue. 

76.  {Gubioid^s  ^qunmnlom)^  5y*^  inches.  G,  ruber ^  H.  B.  =^  ^W 
pauchm  vagina,  B.  M*  Catal.  It  is  a  beautiliil  drawing  of  Amblt^- 
opus  Sennannimim,^  Lao^p.,  ©howlDg  most  distinctly  tho  crypts  in 
which  the  scales  aro  imbedded,  iirhich  is  not  found  in  T,  vagina. 
As  a  synon^TH  oi  Amhlyopii$  H&rmannianm^  O,  rubictmdust  H,  B.,  ia 
given,  which  latter  is  an  entirely  distinct  species,  delineated  in  H,  B.'s 
work,  and  appears  to  be  Amblgopus  taniaf  Giinther  (B.  M*  Catal),  a 
common  species  at  Calcutta.  I  may  here  remark  that  in  the  Proc. 
ZooL  8oc.,  1869,  p*  518, 1  considered  Ambhjopfu  cirrhatui^  Blythj  aa 
AmbJt/apus  cmculus^  BL  ;  in  the  B.  M.  Catalogue  it  is  A,  hrachgga^i^r^ 
Giinther,  which  is  similar  to  Blyth'a  species,  whose  name  would 
have  priority  should  the  fish  be  looked  upon  as  moro  than  a 
variety.    It  is  not  uncommon  in  Calcutta. 

77.  (MalcalJcar)  %  inches.     Trichiurus  lepturm^  H.  B.,  apparently 
ondtted  &om  B.  M.  Catalogue. 

78.  {OhiikdopUrui  hUih^rf)  4   inches,  111.   In.    ZooL,   (7,   buiit 
n,  B.  =  Ekotrii  hutis,  B.  M,  Catal. 

79.  {Sijgnaihm  kharke^A^^   inches  long.     S*   carce^   H.  B.  = 
IchthyQcampiis  earee^  B.  M.  Cattil, 

80.  (      „      deokhida)^  6^^  inches  long.     8.  deoeaia^   H.  B.  = 
Borgichthgg  —  ?  B.  M.  Catal. 

81.  {PolgnemU9  paradiHeiu)  6  inches  long,  =  idem,  B.  M.  Catal. 

82.  (        „       )    7  inches   long.     P,   ieria^   H.  B.  =  P,   htra- 
daeiglui,  B,  M.  Catal. 

83.  (       „        ragt)    12  inches,    P.  mU,  H-   B.   =  P.  IndimSf 
B,  M.  CAtal. 

84.  Uniinished  drawing  of  Serranm. 

85.  Mtrac/toide^  gangeHCj  H.  B.,  pi.  14>  f.  8.  ^^  Bafrachui  grnn- 
mem,  BL,  B.M.  Catal. 

86.  {CoUus  ?  chnka)f  CulUomorm  cfiaca^  II.  B,,  4-/^   inches  long, 
=  Platycephalus  tmidwi^^  Forsk.,  B.  M,  Catal. 


•  Dr.  Ciintor  ongiually  rprerred  the  desoription*  to  tbeae  ep^ics  which 
probably  he  woold  not  hnve  done,  hnd  he  teen  the  draiving«.  Shonld  a  donbi 
exiBt  fia  to  whether  the  ruhee  ia  a  IVy^vchjcn  or  an  Artkhhj<yp\L^^  I  CAniiot 
iTDiigine  how  there  could  be  Htiy  roepoctiug  the  latter  apeciea. 


1871.] 


Pro(mding9  of  the  Aiiatio  Society, 


205 


I 


87.  (Clupamdon  ?  suhomo  khmrtka),  l^V  i^icliea  long,  reproducod 
in  Ind.  Zool.  is  Oorica  9ob&rna^  H*  B*,  omitted  from  B.  M.  Catalo- 
gue, but  under  Clupeoides pseudopifima  is  quoted:  *'The  fish  which 
served  tbr  the  figure  of  Corica  guhorni^  G^ray ,  Ind.  ZooLj  was  perhaps 
eimilar  to  CL  pseudopterm^ — it  is  also  represeated  with  separate  anal 
firdets," 

88.  {Clupanodmi  moti),  5^^  inches  long,  C.  fnotiut^  H.  B,  = 
Pellona  fftotiuSt  B,  M.  Catal. 

89.  (  „  chapra)t  C.  ehapra^  H,  B.,  p.  248,  omitted  from  the 
B.  M.  Catalogue.  The  drawing  is  reproduced  in  the  Illufttrationa 
of  Indian  Zoology  under  tlio  name  of  G,  Indim,  and  =  Vlupea  In- 
dka^  Gray,  B.  M.  Catalogue*  Another  illustration  in  the  Indian 
Zoology  13  conaidered  as  O.  chapra,  Gray,  (L  c),  unfortunately  this 
sheet  is  missing  from  the  copy  of  the  Indian  Zoology  in  Calcutta, 
50  I  am  unable  to  compare  it  with  H.  B/s  drawings. 

90.  (        „      champil),  2^  inches  long,  apparently  not  described. 

91.  (Athmna  dhani)^  9/10  of  an  inch  long,  reproduced 
Mcaellond.    A.  danim^  H.  B.  =  EUutria—  ?    B.  M,  Catal. 

92.  MyHta  ramcaratif  H.  B,,  8  inches  long,  reproduced  111. 
Ind.  Zool.  =  Ooilia  ramearati^  B.  M.  OataL 

93.  {Lahriis  darki),  l^<j  inches.  LahrU9  ladU^  H.  B.  =  Badu 
Buchannni,  Bleeker,  B.  M*  Catal. 

94.  (Tetfodoji  kariya  phoha)^  2^  inches  long.  T,  cutcutia^  H,  B, 
=  T.  cuicutm,  H.  B.,  B.,  M.  Catal. 

95.  (Efox  angulaiuB),  4J  inches  long,  not  R  eHuntio  II.  B» 

96.  {Cijprinm  korikmt)^  reproduced  McQeEond.  G.  conchonius^ 
H.  B.  ==  Barhm  eaHc/mniuSf  B.  M.  Oatal. 

97.  (  ,,  impungti)^  reproducod  McClelland.  C?.  ierio,  H, 
B.  =  B.  Urio,  B.  M.  Catal* 

98.  (  „  pungn),  reproduced  McClelland.  C.  pamio,  II.  B. 
=  Lahm—  ?  B.  M.  CataL 

99.  (  }»  jauyali),  reproduced  McClelland.  C.  jmlim^  H.  B, 
=  Laheo—  ?  B.  M.  Catol. 

100.  (  „  %ri),  reproduced  McClelland.  O.  f^ra,  IL.  B. 
^BariliHJf^?  B.  M.  Catal. 

101.  (  „  gi^mt),  C,  ^u^auh,  R.  B,  =  Bar^w^?  B,  U, 
Catul. 


^^ 


206  Proceedings  of  the  Anatie  Society,  [S: 

102.  (      „      /a^i),  reproduced  McClelland.     G.htiiM,  H.  B.  =:« 
Croftaochilus  latiuSy  B.  M.  Catal. 

103.  CyprinuB  elanga^  H.  B.,  6^'^  inches  long  =  Rashora  elanga^ 
B.  M.  Catal. 

104.  (      „      hukrangi\  3  inches.  (7.  morar,  H.  B.  ? 

105.  (  „  godiyari)f  reproduced  McClelland.  C,  lamta,  H. 
B.  =  Diseoynathus  lamta^  B.  M.  Catal. 

106.  (  „  soda  balitora),  reproduced  McClelland.  0.  sada^ 
H.  B.  ==  Orossochilus  sada,  B.  M.  Catal. 

107.  (  „  etyawyrn  ^oAtfwwi),  reproduced  McClelland.  C,  yo^ 
hama  H.  B.  ==  Orossochilus  yohama,  B.  M.  Catal. 

108.  (  „  dhenro),  C.  dero,  H.  B.,  pL  22,  f.  78  =  Tyhyna- 
thus—  ?    B.  M.  Catal. 

109.  (  „  mriycda),  H.  B.,  pi.  6,  f.  79  =  Oirrhina  mriyala,  B. 
M.  Catal. 

110.  (  „  morala),  H.  B.,  pi.  18,  f.  91  =  Laheo  morda,  B. 
M.  Catal. 

111.  (  „  c^rfra),  reproduced  111.  Ind.  Zool.  C,  chedra,  K. 
B.  =  Barilius  cocsa,  H.  B.,  B.  M.  CataL 

112.  (  „  kh4)ksa).  a  cocsa,  H.  B.,  pi.  3,  f.  77  =  B.  cocsa, 
B.  M.  Catal. 

113.  (  „  morar)y  H.  B.,  pi.  31,  f.  75  =  Aspidoparia  morar, 
B.  M.  Catal. 

114.  (  „  curalati  lata),  G,  lata,  H.  B.  =  Cirrhina —  ?  B. 
M.  Catalogue. 

115.  (  „  hoga),  H.  B.,  pi.  28,  f.  80  =  Tyhynathus  hoga,  B.  ' 
M.  Catal. 

116.  (  „  2?rt«^w^iyfl),  reproduced  McClelland,  (7.  panyusia, 
H.  B.  =  Labeo  pangusiay  B.  M.  Catal. 

117.  (  „  6flwy<i;*a),  reproduced  McClelland,  =  ry%»aMi« 
—  ?    B.  M.  Catal.  ;  it  appears  to  be  Cirrhina  reha^  H.  B. 

118.  (  „  anyra\  reproduced  111.  Ind.  Zool.  =  Laheo —  ?  B. 
M.  Catal. 

119.  (  „  Xwrn),  10  inches  long.  L.  1.  92,  L.  tr.  13/?,  14 
rows  of  scales  between  1.  1.  and  ventral  fin.  (7.  cursis,  H.  B.  =  La- 
heo cursa,  B.  M.  Catal. 


1871.]  Froeeedings  of  the  Asiatie  Society.  207 

120.  (  „  nandin),  C.  nandina,  H.  B.  pU  8,  f.  84  =  Laheo 
nandina^  B.  M.  Catal. 

121.  „  toTy  H.  B.,  reproduced  HI.  Ind.  Zool.  =  Barhus  mosal, 
B.  M.  Catal. ;  it  is,  however,  a  distinct  species, 

122.  „      mosalf  H.  B.,  reproduced  111.  Ind.  Zool.  =  JB,  mosal 

B.  M.  Catal. 

123.  „  goniusy  H.  B.,  pi.  4,  £  82.  =  Laheo  Dmsumieri  ?  B. 
M.  Catal. ;  however,   it  appears  to  be  identical  with  C  curea  and 

C.  cursts,  H.  B. 

124.  „  cursa,  H.  B.,  1 H  inches  long.  L.  1.  62.  L.  tr.  12/?  ;  1 3 
or  14  rows  of  scales  between  1.  1.  and  base  of  ventral  fin.  =  Z. 
cursa,  B.  M.  Catal. 

125.  (       „      tiki),  C.  tiUo,  H.  B.  =  Bariliut  tileo,  B.  M.  Catal. 

126.  (  „  goha)f  H.  B.,  reproduced  111.  Ind.  Zool.  =  ^o^ 
gohay  B.  M.  Catal. 

127.  (  „  kani  punti),  reproduced  McClelland,  C.  caniusj 
H.  B.  =  Barhus  gelius,  B.  M.  Catal. 

128.  (  „  himacuhtus),  G.  titius^  H.  B.  =  Barhus  titiusy 
B.  M.  Catal. 

129.  „  phututiio,  H.  B.,  reproduced  McClelland,  =  J?. 
phutunio,  B.  M.  Catal. 

130.  (  „  pAw/ c^^/a),  reproduced  McClelland,  C.  phulo,  K. 
B.  =  Chela  phuh,  B.  M.  CataL 

131.  (  „  Ihola),  reproduced  lU.  Ind.  Zool.  (7.  lola,  H.  B. 
=  Bola  goha,  H.  B.,  B.  M.  Catal. 

132.  (  „  ko8wati)f  reproduced  McClelland,  (7.  cosuatis,  H. 
B.  =  Barhus  cosuatis,  B.  M.  Catal. 

133.  (  „  geli  punti),  reproduced  McClelland,  (7.  gelius, 
H.  B.  =  Barhus  gelius^  B.  M.  Catal. 

134.  (  „  Wi/fl),  H.  B.  =  B.  harila,  B.  M.  Catal.  and? 
B.  morarensis,  Giinther,  1.  c.  The  figure  has  been  somewhat 
damaged  by  termites. 

135.  (  „  yaytf),  H.  B.,  Ij*^  inches  long  =^*pi(^aruiyfly<», 
B.  M.  Catal. 

136.  (  „  Dyangra  anjana\  Sj'^  inches  long.  C.  anjana, 
H.  B.  =  Rashora  daniconius,  H.  B.,  B.  M.  Catal. 


208  ProcecdtngiofthAiiaUeSQcUt^.  [fi 

137,  (  ,,  phakra)^  reproduced  McClelland,  C.  vii^tf,  H,  B»^ 
=  BarUiu9  —  ?»  B.  M.  Catal. 

138.  (  ,,  baUhola)^  reproduced  McClelland,  Q,  hama^  EL  B. 
=  B,  hamn,  B.  M.  Cutal, 

139.  Cyprmu9  lauhuca^  H.,  B.  reproduced  McClelland,  =  Ohtt^\ 
lauhuea^  B.  M.  Catal. ;  It  is  a  FerUampmf  MeCleil<  =  Cachim^  \ 
Giiather,  and  Euniira^  Giiuther* 

140,  (  „  rf^ifi^t/a),  H.  B.,  reproduced  MoCielland, -=^  2>a»*# 
danffikf  B.  M.  Catal. 

HI.  (  ,,  joHtji;a\  reproduced  McClelland.  C  Jo^iaf  H.  B. 
=  iV«ria  danrica,  H.  B,,  B,  >L  Catal, 

142»  (  „  /ciyi4*tJi'),  0.  a/jwar^H.B.,  reproduced  McQell and,  ] 
fc=  Cachim  atpar^  B.  M.  Catal.  Mu<j1i  damaged  by  termitee,  one  ii-  ] 
gure  destroyed. 

148.  (  „  mtiha)f  H,  B,,  reproduced  McClelland^  =  Nurm  \ 
danrka,  B.  M.  CataL 

144,  (  ,,  ^ir^(yaw_5f/tf),  reproduced  McClelland,  C.  rerh,  B^ 
B*  =  Bariiitti  rerio,  B.  M.  Catal. 

145,  (  „  cachittii)f  H.  B.,  reproduced  McClelland,  ^=  Ctwhiun 
aipar,  B.  M,  Catal. 

140.  (  ,,  ^ora)  H,  B.  =  CJuila  ffora,  B.  M,  Catal.  The  tail 
id  injured  by  termites. 

In  Vol.  I.  of  animals  are  48  drawings  of  fiah,  some  of  which  ara  j 
duplicates  of  the   foregoing,  others  copies  of  some  miBsiug  figures  ; 
they  are  as  follows. 

No.  1  unfinished  copy  of  No.  124  ;  2  =  146  ;  3  =  70  ;  4  =  70  ; 
6=  114;  6  =  86;  7  =  65;  8  =32;  9=  27  ;  10=8;  11  =16; 
12  =  140  ;  13  =  92 ;  14  =  6  ;  15  is  a  larger  drawing  of  123  ;  1 
16=  115  ;  17  =  28  ;  18  =  118  ;  19  =  61  ;  20  =  14  ;  21  =  29  ; 
22  =  18  ;  23  =  78  ;  24  =  142  ;  25  =  117  ;  26  =  120  ;  27 
MffMiuM  chiialu,  H.  B,,  reproduced  111.  Ind.  Zool. ;  28  =  109  ;  29  =  ^ 
122  ;  30  =  82  ;  31  =  103  ;  32  =  126  ;  33.  ia  a  figure  7^^  inches 
long  of  SUlaijo  thmina.  In  fact  all  the  rest  are  reproductions  of  the 
origiualB  now  uv  Vul.  FV,  except  the  foUowiug; — 36,  9  J  inches  long 
of  Catla  Bitchamnif  C,  and  V.  ;  39  is  a  figure  9i  inches  long  of  <7y- 
prinu4  ehagunk  H.  B,,  the  original  of  which  is  misdtng.    Dr,  Guuthor 


urn.] 


Piv^9$dingi  of  the  Asiatic  ^eww'/y. 


:20y 


in  the  Zool.  Record  for  1869,  demurring  to  my  identification  nt  ihtr* 
hus  Bmvijniy  Giintlior,  with  Ci/prinu*  cht^utito,  Ham,  Budi*,  observes 
this  ^h  has  **  largo  scales  and  minute  barbels/'  In  the  iigiiro  there 
aro  about  41  scales  along  tho  lateral  lino  and  well  developed  ros- 
tral and  maxillary  barbttLs.  The  species  may  be  readily  rocognisod 
£x'om  the  drawing,  48  is  Folynemus  Indi^uij  11 J  inches  long.  This 
Yolimio  iv  contains  30  coloured  iUufitrations  of  fish* 

[I  would  suggest  that  the  numbers  I  Iiave  inserted  on  the  draw* 
ings  in  pencil  be  recorded  in  ink,  and  that  the  original  figures  hava 
the  Society's  stamp  on  each  seporato  sheet]. 

7.  MoNooBApn  OF  IxD£AN  CYPEmtD.^,  Pt.  m,  iy  Surgeon  F.  Day. 
This  is  a  continuation  of  Dr.  Bay's  Monograph  published  in  No* 

3  of  tlie  Nat.  Hist  Part  of  the  Journal ;  it  will  appear  in  No.  4  of 
the  same  Part  for  the  current  year, 

8.  Notes  our  soke  l.ind -shells  from  titk  ncnnTY  of  MouLMErw, 
wrrn  descriptions  of  new  spzcies, — %  W.  Thkobauj,  Esq, 

Mr*  Theobald  gives  notes  regarding  various  species  of  Cycloithorm 
and  Slr<*ptit,tU'^  and  a  few  other  shells,  found  in  the  ueighbourho*jd 
of  Moulmein.  If  iUustratious  of  the  newly  described  species 
be  supplied  in  time,  tho  paper  will  appoar  in  the  1st  number 
of  Part  11  of  the  Journal  for  the  ensuing  year,  1872, 

9.    Notes  on  the  Ornitholooy  of  CAsiixut, — 
b^  W.  E.  Bbooks,  Esq.,  C.  £*»  MtawaK 

Ml*.  Brooks  notices  several  imporfwtly  known  or  new  species  of 
birds  from  C'a&hniir.  His  observations  on  the  breeding  aetuioiiy 
&c.,  of  many  of  the  speeies  m-e  particularly  interesting* 

Tho  new  species  noticed  in  this  paper  aro  as  follows  : 

Certhiii  Hotlj^ani^ — dift*ir&  from  C'/timiliarhhy  a  much  larger  biU, 
leas  rufuui*  tone  on  rump  and  upper  tdl  coverts,  and  by  hanng  4 
plain  primariee  and  tlie  dth  marked  with  a  buff  patch  on  tho  outer 
web. 

SUta  €a$hmiremH'^  Coloration  y^vy  like  that  of  S,  Hinhnk^ann, 
Imt  the  wing  ia  9*3  incthos ;  no  whito  edglngii  to  the  undur  tail 
coverts. 

•  Thia  is  very  uloao  i*>  S.  casia  of  Bamp^Or  tli<^"  two  bciutf  riaL-ih  r^f  * 
Mi£0,      Ei)iT. 


210 


Proeeidii^t  of  the  Asiatic  SoeiHfj.  [Sspr* 


Duvuticifla  maJQT,  Similar  to  D.  affinis^  Hodgs,,  but  much 
larger;  wing  2*28 — 2*3,  tail  2*7,  bill  at  front  '55,  mid-toe  aud  claw 
-72  inches. 

HoritM  pallklm.     Above  light  olivo  grey  or  greyish  olive  with 
a  slight  tawny  tinge  ou  the   wiugs ;  lower  back  and  upper  tail 
covertB  lighter  ;  a  dull  whitish  grey  suporciliura ;  a  pde  browa  streak  j 
through   the   eye ;    cheoke   and   eai-    coverts    brovviiijih  ;    chiu   to 
abdoniDu  greyish  wliite,  sides  of  bretist  and  flanks  aud  lower  tail  | 
eovei'ta  pale  broMnxish  groy.     Total  length  6*15,  wing  2*2,  tail  2-2,  , 
bill  0*33,  from  gape  0*5,  tarsus  0  9  inches. 

Phiflloacopm  'fallen.     In  plumage  resembling  Fk.  vmdanue^  but  of  J 
a  richer  and  deeper  olive ;  bill  much  longer,  daiker  and  of  a  more  j 
pointed  and  elendor  form  than  in  the  last  species.     Average  length 
4*75,  wing  2-3,  tail  1*7,  bill  at  front  0*36,  from  nostril  0'31,  tarsus 
0*7  inches. 

MHaeilla  Cashmiremls,     Coloratioa  as  in  J/<   LuzonentUf  except  i 
that  the  chin  and  tla*oat  are  black,  the  black  extending  for  2}  { 
inches  from  base  of  lower  mandible  j  white  portion  of  head  as  in 
petionata,  remainder  of  head   and  back  deep  black.    Length  7*6^ 
wing  3*55,  tail  4,  bill  at  front  0  o,  tarsus  '1)7  inches, 

Ahmda  guttata.     Larger  than  j/ul^tih   and    not  so  rufous   on 
the  breast  and  with  bolder   maikings;  wing  3*7 — S'9,   tail  2*6  j 
— 2*8  inches. 

Siumui  nitcmt   Hume*     Like   St,    untcohr^    but   smallor,    with  | 
ehorter  wing  mid  brighter  colours. 

[This  paper  wiU  be  publi^^hed  in  fuU  in  the  Ist  numbar  of  the 
Nat.  Hist  Part  of  the  Journal  for  1872 J. 

10.     Notes  oh  xine  kew  srEcms  of  Indian  akd  Indo-Ciiixesb  Ves-I 

PEKTIUONTDiE,  WITH  B£MA113CS  OJf  TUK    SYXOl^MY    AKD    CULmtyiCX-  J 
TlOlf    OP    SOME    OTHEK    SPECIES    Of    THE    SAME    FAMII^Y, — bp    Q,    E. 

DoBsoN,  B.  A.,  M.  B.,  Aiiktani  Surgeon  H,  J/.V  British  ForoM, 
The  following  diagnoses  of  nine  new  s|>ecie8  of  bats  are  intendod 
I  prefatory  to  more  detailed  descriptioua  accompanied  with  illus* 
trations  to  be  published  hereafter. 
Sec.— ScoTOFHiUNA,  Gray.* 

•  Ana.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Umi.,  1866. 


1871.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatio  Society.  211 

Genus,  Nycticejm^  Eafinesque,  Incisors,    — . 

Sub-genus,  Nycticejus  ;  premolars,  ^^J-  wing-membrane  attach- 
ed to  base  of  toes. 

N.  EMARGixATirs,  Dobson. 

Glands  of  the  upper  lip  largely  developed,*  forming  rounded  pro- 
minences between  the  nostrils  and  eyes  ;  ears  nearly  as  long  as  the 
head,  with  broadly  rounded  tips ;  outer  side  flatly  omarginate 
beneath  the  tip  causing  it  to  project  outwards  ;  tragus  moderately 
long,  slightly  curved  inwards  and  obtusely  pointed,  maintaining  al- 
most the  same  breadth  from  the  base  to  within  a  short  distance  of 
the  tip.  Fur,  above,  tricoloured,  at  the  base  dark  ferruginous 
brown,  then  buff,  the  tips  light  yellowish  brown  ;  beneath,  dark 
ferruginous  brown  at  the  base,  the  remaining  portion  buff. 

Length,  head  and  body  2^9  ;  tail  2^.2  ;  ear  (anteriorly)  0.85  ; 
forearm  2''.2  ;  thumb  0''.45  ;  tibia  O^.SS.     Loo,  ? 

Genus,  Vespenigoy  Keys.  Bias.  Incisors,   --. 

Sub-genus,  FesperuSy  premolars,^,  wing-membrane  attaclied  to 
base  of  toes. 

V.  PACHYOTis,  Dobson. 

Head  flat ;  muzzle  very  broad  and  short ;  glandular  prominences 
of  upper  lip  largely  developed,  immediately  behind  them  a  furrow 
extends  from  the  anterior  corner  of  one  eye  to  the  other  in  front 
of  which  the  fur  of  the  head  does  not  pass  :  ears  triangular  above 
with  rounded  tips,  outer  side  without  emargination ;  lower  portion 
of  the  ear  from  below  the  level  of  the  tip  of  the  tragus  to  the 
termination  of  the  outer  margin  near  the  angle  of  the  mouth  very 
thick  and  fleshy ;  tragus  short,  curved  inwards ;  tootli  very  mi- 
nute, inner  incisors  bifid  at  their  extremities,  much  larger  and  longer 
than  the  outer  ones.  Fur,  above,  dark  brown  throughout;  be" 
neath,  a  lighter  shade  of  the  same  colour. 

Length,  head  and  body  2''.2  ;  tail,  V\6  ;  ear  (anteriorly)  0/'o5 ; 
forearm,  1".6,-  tibia,  C-GS. 

Loc.    Kasia  Hills,  Bengal. 

V.  Andersoni,*  Dobson. 

*  Moro  detailed  descriptions  of  this  and  of  the  next  new  speoies  will  appear 
in  Dr.  Anderson's  forthcoming  account  of  the  Zoology  of  the  Yonan  Ex- 
pedition. 


21:^ 


Pfoe^din^n  oj  Ihr  AtMie  Saeitl^, 


[BXfT* 


Ears  moderate  with  rounded  tipa,  outer  edge  with  a  shallow  but 
wido  emarginatiou  botieath  the  tip,  then  convex  and  again  emar- 
gmate  opposite  the  base  of  the  tragus ;  tragus  obtusely  pointed, 
inner  margin  straight,  outer  convex  upwards ;  fur^  above,  dark 
brown  with  grayish  tips ;  beneath^  light  grayish  brown  fop  two- 
thirds  its  length,  the  remaining  portion  ashy.  Inner  indBora  long 
and  bifid  ;  outer  incisors  %^ory  short  and  acutely  pointed,  placed  in 
fi-ont  of  the  inner  ones  and  lying  on  their  outer  sides. 

Length,  head  and  body,  2*,6  ;  tail,  1^9 ;  ear  (anteriorly)  0*.75  ; 
forearm,  2".  15  ;  tibin,  cr,85. 

Zoc,     Momein,  Yunau, 

YSSPEBUS  ATBATUS. 

Nyctieejus  atratm^  Blyth,  Cut  Mamm*  Ifns.  Am.  Boo.  Beag.  l?o«  96. 

The  following  is   BIyth's    description    of   tJiis   species, — '^Liko' 
(Veip.)  fuligimm^  Hodgson,  X  A.  S,  lY,   700,    (whi^h  I>n   Gray 
ranks  as  a   SScofophilm)^   but  with  only  one  pair  of  upper  incisors- 
Length  of  forearm  IJ  in/' 

I  have  examined  tlie  t^^T>e  specimens  thus  described  ;  their  fore- 
arms correspond  exactly  with  the  measurement  given,  but  Mr. 
Bly  th  has  not  been  equally  accurate  in  stating  that  they  possess  only 
one  pfiir  of  upper  incisors  ;  there  are  certainly  ^(i>o^ajr*  of  upj)er  in- 
cisors, but  the  outer  ones  are,  as  in  many  other  species  of  the  sub- 
genus Ftfsperus^  very  small  and  might  easily  be  overlooked  ;  the 
inner  incisors  are  remarkably  long,  but  very  unlike  those  which 
are  so  characteristic  of  the  genus  Nt/cficejus,  The  necessity, 
therefore,  for  changing  the  genus  is  apparent.  The  species  ia^ 
however,  still  quite  distinct  from  Sc.  fuli^ino»my  Hodgs. 

Y.  PACHYPUS. 

Vcspetiilio  paehyptiSf  Terak.  Memo.  Mamm. 

Vtfifpenu  puchypus,  Wugaer,  SuppL  Scbrebor. 

8c^tcphilus  fulvidm,  BIyth,  J.  A,  8.  Beog.,  VoL  XXVTIIj  293. 

I  have  compared  the  type  specimens  of  Sc.  fuhidm^  Blyth,  from 
Tenasserim  with  Tommi  nek's  description  of  V,  pachypm  from  Suma- 
tra and  Java.  The  measurements  agree  in  every  respect  with  those 
of  the  latter  species,  and  the  colour  of  the  fur,  form  of  the 
fo&t^    &c.,    equally    corrcsiJond,      I    think  it   very  probable   Mr. 


1871,] 


Prvctedings  of  the  Auntie  SocMy^ 


2n 


Blyth  did  not  possGfls  a  copy  of  Temminck'a  Monograph  when  ho 
described  this  species  as,  otherwise,  he  must,  at  least,  have  noticed 
in  his  descnption  the  close  affinity  of  the  speoies* 

Subgenus,  Pipistrellus^  Gray  j  premolars,     -^  j  wing^-membrane  at- 

tat-ihed  to  the  base  of  the  toes. 

P»  AFFiNiSi  Dobson* 

Head  flat ;  glands  of  the  upper  lip  so  developed  as  to  cause  a  deep 
depression  between  them  on  tho  faro  bnliind  the  nostrils  ;  ears, 
measured  fi*oin  behind,  as  broad  as  long,  outer  edge  without 
emargination ;  inner  margin  of  tragus  straight^  outer  convex  up- 
wards :  tail  long,  of  nine  vertebrro,  the  last  free  ;  above,  chocolate 
brown,  lighter  on  the  head  and  neck,  tips. of  the  hnira  light  brown  ; 
beneath,  dark  brown  with  light  brown  or  ashy  tips  ;  on  the  pubes 
and  along  the  thighs  dirty  white  or  very  pale  buff.  Outer  incisors 
at'utely  pointed,  inner  obtuse,  flattened  at  their  extreuiities  ;  first 
upper  premolar  minute,  placed  insiJe  tho  line  of  teeth  and  not 
distinguishable  from  without.  Lengthy  head  and  body,  l^.g  ;  tail 
V*M  ;  ear  (anteriorly)  0^0  j  foreai^m  1^55  ;  tibia  O^.e. 

Loc.    Bhaiuaw,  Yunan, 

P.  AusTENtAKtrSi  Dobson. 

Ears  triangular  with  broadly  rounded  b'ps,  outer  margin  su-ai^'ht 
above  for  nearly  half  its  length,  tlion  slightly  convex  to  the  base  ; 
tragus  rather  broad  witli  a  straight  inner  margin.  Pur,  sooty- 
brown  throughout  with  grayish  or  ashy  tips  which  give  the  fur 
on  the  ventral  surface  a  grayish  appearance ;  cutaneous  system 
black,  specimens  in  spirit  appear  altogether  intensely  black. 

Incisors  nearly  equal  in  lengthy  inner  incisors  bifid ;  first  upper 
premolar  minute,  placed  inside  the  line  of  teeth  but  may  be  dis- 
tinguished from  without. 

Longtli,  head  and  body  2^0  ;  tail  l\4j  forearm  VA\  ear  (an- 
teriorly) 0",  65  j  tibia  C.e, 

Luc,  Cherra  Punji,  Bengal. 

P,  Al^KECTANS,  DobsOQ. 

Head  slightly  ele^Tited ;  face  hairy ;  glandular  promineneos  of 
ujiper  Hp  small ;  ears  pointed,  outer  margin  deeply  hollowed  out 
beneath  the  tip  causing  it  to  project  considerably ;  tragus  long, 
acute,  with  a  straight  inner  margin.    The  colom*  of  the  fur  of  a 


214  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  [Sept. 

specimen  in  spirit  appears  to  be  above,  dark  brown  with  lighter 
tips ;  beneath,  brown  with  reddish  tips.  Upper  incisors  nearly- 
equal  in  size  ;  first  upper  premolar  minute,  placed  slightly  inside 
the  line  of  teeth,  second  premolar  nearly  equal  to  canine  in  size. 
This  species  unites  the  external  form  of  a  Vespertilio  to  the  dentition 
of  Fipistrellus  ;  the  form  of  the  ear  and  tragus  is  almost  precisely 
similar  to  those  of  the  next  species  which  is  a  true  Vespertilio. 

Length,  head  and  body  2^0;  tail  l^.S;  ear  (anteriorly)  0". 6  ; 
forearm  r'.8  ;  tibia  0*.75. 

Zoc,  Naga  Hills,  Assam. 

Sec, — Yespehtllionina,  Gray. 

Gen.  Vespertilio^  (as  restricted,  Gray). 

Dentition, — in.'  ---  ;  c. ,— r ;  p.  m.   — ;  m.  ,—  ;  wing-membrane  at- 

tached  to  the  base  of  the  toes. 

Subgenus,  Vespertilio^  Tomes.* 

V.  NiPALENSis,  Dobson. 

Ears  narrow  and  pointed ;  outer  margin  deeply  hollowed  out 
immediately  beneath  the  tip  causing  it  to  project  considerably; 
tragus  long,  narrow,  and  pointed ;  fur,  above,  black  with  brown 
tips  ;  beneath,  black  for  two -thirds  its  length,  the  remaining  por- 
tion pure  wliite  ;  the  whole  ventral  surface  of  specimens  dried 
from  spirit  appears  white  and  the  dark  portion  of  the  hair  ia 
not  perceived  till  the  fur  is  raised.  Canines  very  short ;  first  and 
second  premolars  in  both  upper  and  lower  jaws  very  small  and 
conical. 

Length,  head  and  body  l^.GS  ;  tail  W^b  ;  ear  (anteriorly)  0''.48  ; 
forearm  r'.35  ;  tibia  0".6. 

Lac.  Katmandu,  Nipal. 

V.  Blaxfordi,  Dobson. 

Outer  side  of  ear  with  a  deep  emargination  about  the  middle  cut- 
ting off  the  lower  portion  which  resembles  very  closely  the  large  anti- 
tragus  of  the  species  of  the  genus  Rhinolophus  ;  muzzle  j^ointed  : 
face  very  hairy  ;  fur,  above,  on  the  back,  black  for  three-fourth's  its 
length,  the  remaining  portion  light  yellowish-brown,  on  the  top 
of  the  head,  black  with  shining  tips  ;  beneath,  black  for  three- 
*  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1857. 


1871.]  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society^  2 1 5 

fourths  its  length,  remaining  portion  ashy.  The  first  and  second 
premolars  in  the  lower  jaw  are  very  small,  in  the  upper  jaw  they 
are  still  smaller  and  scarcely  distinguishable  without  a  lens. 

Length,  head  and  body  V',7  ;  tail  V\5 ;  oar  (anteriorly)  0".5  ; 
forearm  l\2S  ;  tibia  0".5. 

Zoc,  Sikkim  ;  Simla  ;  Dalhousie. 

Subgenus,  JLerivoulUy*  Gray. 

Ji.fusca,  Dobson. 

Resembles  K,  picta  very  closely  in  its  general  form ;  on  the 
outer  side  of  the  ear  there  is  a  wide  emargination  which  forms  the 
tip,  and  without  which  the  ear  would  be  reguhirly  broadly  oval  as 
in  Miirina  suillus ;  fur,  above  chocolate  brown  with  paler  tips ; 
beneath  of  a  somewhat  darker  shade  of  the  same  colour,  the  hairs 
tipped  with  yellowish-brown.  This  species  differs  from  JT.  Hard^ 
wickii,  Horsf.  which  it  resembles  in  some  respects,  in  the  form  of 
the  ears,  and  colour  and  distribution  of  the  fur. 

Length,  head  and  body  1^.6  ;  tail  1".6;  ear  (anteriorly)  0^.45  ; 
forearm  l^.S  ;  tibia  0".6.     Loc,  ? 

11.     Notes  on  a  collection  of  birds  from  Sikkim, — 

hy  W.  T.  Blakford,  F.  G.  S.,  C.  M.  Z.  S. 

(Abstract.) 

This  is  a  description  of  a  collection  of  skins  made  by  Mr.  L. 

MandeUi,   together   with  a  few  notes   on  birds  obtained  at   low 

elevations  in  Sikkim  by  the   writer.     Tliree  species  are  described 

as  new,    and  two   others,   Zosterops  simplex ^   Swinh.    and  Eiispiza 

rutila^  Pall,  are  added  to  the   fauna  of  ths  Eastern  Himalayas. 

The  now  species  are — 

1,  Fhylloscopus  pallidipes^  sp.  nov.  Brownish  olivaceous  above, 
rump  a  little  more  rufoscent,  lores  and  a  line  through  the  eye  to 
the  upper  part  of  the  ear  coverts  dark  brown,  suporcilia  wliite, 
elongate,  quills  earthy  brown  with  rufoscent  olive  margins,  cen- 
tral tail  feathers  the  same  colour  as  the  back,  outer  ones  ea»thy 
brown  edged  with  olive.  Lower  parts  silky  white,  sides  of  breast 
olivaceous.  Under  wing  white.  Bill  dark  above,  pale  below,  legs 
very  pale  coloured.  Wing  2*05  inches,  tail  1-7,  tarsus  0-76,  bill 
*  As  restricted  by  Tomes,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1858. 


216  Pro€€eding9  of  the  ABiatie  BocUty,  [Sept- 

from  forehead  0*4,  from  gape  0*55.  The  5th  quill  is  the  longest, 
exceeding  the  1st  bj  0*87,  second  by  0-4,  and  3rd  by  0*15  in. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  P.  tristts,  P.  negUctut^  and  all 
allied  forms  by  its  pale  coloured  tarsi,  and  from  most  of  them  by  its 
smaller  size. 

1.  Pellomeum  Mandellii,  sp.  nov.  This  is  closely  allied  to 
P,  ruficepsj  Swains.,  but  differs  in  its  smaller  size,  approximating 
in  this  respect  to  P.  Tickelli^  Blyth.  It  is  distinguished  frx>m  both 
races  by  the  much  larger  spots  on  the  breast,  and  by  having  large 
spots  on  the  sides  and  back  of  the  neck,  similar  to  those  on  the 
breast.  Wing  2*65,  tail  2-5,  tarsus  0*95,  bill  from  forehead  0*6, 
from  gape  0*75. 

3.  Propasser  saturate,  sp.  nov.  Male  with  lores,  forehead, 
Bupercilia  and  cheeks  pale  silvery  pink,  the  bases  of  the  feathers 
brown ;  head  above  dark  crimson  with  blackish  centres  to  the  fea- 
thers, ear  coverts  and  sides  of  neck  a  little  duller.  Back  with. 
broad  dashes  of  brown,  edges  of  the  feathers  paler  with  a  gloss 
of  crimson,  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts  nearly  the  same  colour  as 
the  back,  wings  and  tail  feathers  earthy  brown  with  red  edges,  and 
pale  rosy  spots  on  the  tips  of  the  outer  webs  of  the  wing  coverts 
and  of  the  last  3  quills.  Chin  gre^dsh,  throat  full  rose  colour, 
darker  than  the  cheeks,  and  with  a  silvery  gloss ;  the  breast 
deeper  and  darker  red,  abdomen  j)ink,  all  the  feathers  of  both 
with  naiTOw  central  stripes ;  lower  tail  coverts  brown,  edged  with 
pink.  Length  about  6  inches,  wing  3*32,  tail  2*6,  tarsus  0-95,  bill 
from  front  0  49,  from  gape  0*62. 

Female  earthy  brown,  feathers  of  back  paler  edged,  wing  coverts 
and  3  last  quills  with  albescent  tips,  rump  tinged  ochraceous. 
Under  parts  fulvous,  all  the  featliers  with  dark  centres,  broader 
on  the  breast,  naiTOwer  on  the  abdomen,  which  has  a  rufescent 
tinge. 

This  is  the  bird,  a  female  of  which  was  formerly  assigned  to 
P.  fJiura  by  Mr.  Blyth  ;  the  male  is  darker  and  richer  in  colour 
than  its  allies,  and  wants  the  pink  rosy  rumj)  of  the  other  Himala- 
yan species. 

The  birds  obtained  by  the  author  at  higher  elevations  in  Sikkim 
in  1^70,  are  described  in  a  separate  i)aper. 


1871.] 


PtQOHdmgn  qJ  iht  Atiuiic  Bmktf, 


217 


I 


It.    Note  oir  toe  e&bor  of  the   Calcutta  SxAimARD  Baeoice- 

TER,    COiiriRSD   THTlt   IHOSE  OF     KfiW     AND     GbKKXWTCH, — iy  H, 

F.  BiJiXFoitD,  Esq. 

This  flhort  paper  will  be  publislied  in  the  4th  number  of  lb© 
Journal  for  the  current  year, 

13.     Ox    A  FORM  OF  Galtanombter  suttablk  roR  THE  QUANTI- 

TATITE     KB.iSUE£9il£NT    OF    THB     ElECTROMOTITB     FoUCE,     Alf0 

Intbbjcal  KEaiAXAjrcv  of  Tkleoblapu  Batteribb, — 5y    W.    E» 
Aybtow,  Esq. 

(With  plato  IT.) 

The  efficiency  of  a  galvanic  battery  depends  on  tlie  magnitude  of 
two  properties  it  poaseasea,  its  electromotive  force,  or  power  lu  send 
a  current,  and  its  internal  resistance,  or  power  to  impede  a  cun-ent. 
The  greater  the  electromotive  force  the  greater  the  current  sent  if 
the  whole  resistance  in  circuit  remains  the  same,  and  the  gi'eater 
the  Luternal  resistance  of  the  battery  the  lees  the  cuiTont  sent, 
other  things  remaining  the  eame. 

It  is  therefore  of  greut  practical  iniportanre  ia  Telep^aphy  to 
be  able  eaiiily  to  measure  the  olectroraotive  foroo  and  internd  re- 
eistance  of  a  battery  eo  as  to  see  from  day  to  day  that  the  former 
doe*»  not  diminish,   and  that  lh«  Iutt*^*r  doej?  not  inrreaao. 

I  vrill  first  examine  the  way  in  which  this  haa  been  practically 
done  up  to  the  present  time,  and  point  out  tlie  objections  there 
exist  t'j  this  method. 

A  galvanometer  was  employed,  on  the  bobbin  of  which  were 
wound  two  coils,  one  of  a  comparatively  high  resistance,  called 
the  *'  intensity**  eoil,  and  the  other  of  a  comparatively  low 
re&istanee,  called  the  '*  quantity**  coU,  The  electnmiotive  force 
waa  measured  by  observing  the  deflection  produced  when  the 
ooil  of  high  resistance  was  inserted  between  the  battery  polee  \ 
and  the  internal  resistance  could  be  found  bj-  comparing  the  de- 
flections produced  when  the  coiLs  of  high  and  low  resistance 
were  respectively  used.  In  some  instruments  the  low  resistanoe 
galvanometer  coil  was  di^nsed  with  and  instead  the  high  re- 
sistance coil  was  shunted. 


!20 


Pr&ce^din0M  of  (he  Auaiic  StKiet^, 


[Skft, 


^xccediu^^Hy  iiii-.fnHitive  for  amall  dilfureuce?^  luid  also  with  the 
*'inteDbity'' cull  30,  40,  or  50  cells  ail  protlitce  nearly  thy  sum© 
dotlectioE  (S>0'')  ao  that  it  is  impossible  practically  with  this  galva- 
nometer to  compare  the  electromotive  fart'es,  or  to  dud  the  inter* 
nal  resiBtaneQ6  of  large  batteries. 

TSTiat  therefor©  is  reqturt*d  is  an  instrument  which  irUl  give 
independent  accurate  measurements  in  aholute  unit^  of  the  electro- 
motive force  and  internal  resistance  of  any  battery.  Such  an 
instrument  will  be  still  more  valuable  if  it  be  simple,  portable, 
and  tolerably  cheap.  AU  these  requirements  have  been  ful£U&d 
in  the  little  galvanometer  arrange!  by  Mr,  Schwondler,  and  which 
therefore  I  have  considered  of  sufficient  interest  to  bring  before  the 
notice  of  thia  Society.  This  galvanometer  that  I  have  on  the 
t*tble  is  a  tangent  galvanometer  the  bobbin  of  which  is  wound  with 
two  ooils  one  of  thick  wire  and  having  a  resistance  of  abuut  one 
Biemena'  Unit,  and  the  other  of  thin  wire  and  having  a  resistance 
of  about  100  Siemens'  units.  Forming  port  of  this  instrument  are 
two  resistance  coils  of  200  and  2000  Siemens'  units  respectively*. 
The  200  coil  can  be  placed  or  not  at  pleasure  in  circuit  with  the 
thick  galvanometer  c^il,  and  similarly  the  2000  resistance  coil  wit 
the  tliin  galvanometer  coil. 

Tu  (1)  {4^6  pi.  iv,)  is  attach ed  onf^  end  of  each  of  the  coils. 

To  (2)  the  other  end  of  the  thick  coiL 

To  (3)  the  other  end  of  the  thin  coil. 

To  mmturff  the  llfiUtamt  qfa  Battery, 

Join  the  two  poles  of  the  battery  to  the  two   binding  screi 
respectively  of  the  galvanometer,  and  make  the  fallowing  ub.scrva- 
tions,  in  each  case  the  mean  of  the  readings  witli  +  'und  —  current 
to  be  taken. 

Plug  up  holes  marked  A  and  200 :  then  the  battery,  and  th€ 
thick  coil  only  are  in  circuit,  T*et  the  deflection  of  the  needle  be  tt^} 

Remove  plug  from  hole  marked  200,  but  leave  plug  in  hole 
marked  A  :  then  the  battery,  the  thick  coil,  and  a  resistance  of  20G 
S.  U*  are  in  circuit.     Let  the  deflection  be  i*^. 

Let  It  be  the  internal  resistance  to  bo  found  of  the  battery, 

then 

200  X  tan  fP 


E== 


tan  «**^  —  tan  b^ 


^  I  Siemens'  Units. 


rVJgWS 


o 


1871,] 


Ptoceedinps  of  the  Asiatic  SociM*/* 


221 


To  memure  Hut  Resistance  of  a  Non-Ehetromoior, 
Insert  thia  resifttanee  in  the  battery  branch,  and  repeat  the  pre* 
ceding  obsorvatioua  obtaining  respectively  defiectiona  a^  and  h^ 
then  if  r  be  the  resistance  to  be  found 
200  X  ^'on  ^1*" 


E  +  r 


1  Siemens'  ITnita. 


tan  ai^  —  tun  h^ 
Eliminating  E  from  this  and  the  preceding  equation  wo  have 

\  tan  a[  —  tan  b^"^  tan  a°  —  tan  &°/ 

The  most  constant  electromotive  force  that  can  be  practically 
made  use  of  is  that  of  a  new  Menotti's  cell  with  clean  zinc  and 
csoppor,  a  stondard  cell  as  it  is  call«d.  Tlie  electromotive  force  of 
such  a  cell  is  tlicroforc  taken  as  our  unit  of  electromotive  force. 


To  expreu  ifw  EUeiromolivt*  Force  of  a  Battery  in  iertnu  of  that  of 

Standard  cell. 

Join  the  two  poles  of  the  battery  to  the  two  binding  screws 

respectively  of  the  galvanometer,  and  plug  up  holes  marked  B  and 

2000 :  thea  the  battery  and  the  thin  coil  only  are  in  circuit.  Let  tho 

deflection  be  ^. 

Remove  tlie  plug  horn,  hole  marked  2000,  but  leave  plug  in 
B :  thea  the  battery,  the  thin  coil,  and  2000  S.  tJ,  are  in  circuit. 
Let  the  deflection  be  m^* 

Hepeat  these  two  tests  with  the  standard  cell  substituted  for  the 
tery.     I^t  the  two  deflections  now  obtained  be  p^  and  tf. 
Then  if  E  be  the  electromotive  force  of  the  battery,    and  e   that 
of  the  standard  cell, 

_  tan  r  X  tan  m''  tan  ;>°  —  tan  g^ 
"  tan//*"  X  tan  5°  ^  tan  f°  —  tan  m''  ^  '' 
This  galvanometer  can  also  be  used  aa  a  telt«graphie  receiving 
instrument  but  then  the  two  copper  stops^  S,  S',  shown  in  the  dia- 
gram, on  pi,  iv,  should  be  placed  one  on  each  side  of  the  alumin- 
ium needle.  If  well  adjusted,  signals  can  be  read  wliich  are 
produced  by  ten  Menotti*8  cells  at  the  other  end  of  a  line  about 

L400  miles  long  consbting  of  No.  5 1  wire  and  havug  an  insulation 
of  two  millions  per  mile. 


r 

^P     ins 


fli 


i 


224  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  [Sept. 

Purchase. 
The  American  Journal  of  Science,  June,  1871 — The  Ibis,  July 
1871 — The  L.  E.  and  Dublin  Pliilosophical  Magazine,  July  1871 — 
The  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  July  1871 — The 
Quarterly  Eeview,  July,  1871 — The  Westminster  Eeview,  July, 
1871 — The  Edinburgh  Review,  July  1871 — Eevue  des  Deux 
Mondes,  Juillet,  1871.  Comptes  Rendus,  Nos23,  24 — Journal  des 
Savants,  Avril  1871 — Hewitson's  Exotic  Butterflies,  part  29. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OP  BENGAL 

Fob  Octobee,  1871. 


The  montlilj  meetiiig  of  the  Society  was  held  on  Woclnesdny,  the 
4th  October,  at  9  p.  m. 

T.  OUlham,  Esq.,  LL.  D.,  Vice-President,  in  the  chuir. 
The  minutcis  of  the  lost  meeting  were  read  and  contirmei 
TJie  foUowiug  proseutatious  were  laid  on  the  table — 

1.  From  RAj a  Dhimai>ati  Singh  Bitliddur — A  copy  of  Prakria 
Maaorama  Yyakuranani. 

2.  From  the  author — a  copy  of  Satiparinaya,  a  Saaacrit  poem, 
ty  Pandit  Chaudrak&nta  Tarkilankdra. 

3.  From  Eev.  C.  H.  Dall,  lieport  on  tho  Brachiopoda,  by 
W-  H.  DaU. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  Ordinary  Members — 
J.  A.  Aldis,  Esq,,  I^g^j.  .  Neil,  J*  O^Kinealy,  Esq.,  0.  8.,  J.  A. 
Briggs,  Esq,^  11.  G,  Coo,-,v,  Esq.,  CoL  J.  E.  Evezard. 

J.  M.  Foster,  Esq.,  M,  D.,  Civil  Surgeon,  Nazeerah,  Assam^  pro- 
pc^sed  by  Mr.  J.  Wood*Masou,  eooonded  by  Mr.  H.  F,  Blanford, 
will  be  balloted  for  as  a  member  of  the  So<uety  at  the  next  meetingp 

The  Council  reported  that  they  have  elected  Dr,  0*  King,  a 
member  of  their  body. 

The  Chairman,  briefly  referring  to  the  sad  loss  which  the  Society 
Lad  experienced  by  the  cruel  osauiiainatioa  of  the  late  O^g.  Chief- 
Justice,  stated  that  the  Council  of  the  Society,  of  which  Mr.  Nor  man 
had  fur  many  years  been  an  active  and  zealous  member,  had^  at  their 
last  meeting,  recorded  theii*  own  expression  of  the  pain  with  which 


226 


J^f^eemttngi  9/0$  Mudw  Soeki^. 


[per. 


they  bad  Iieard  of  Uie  murder,  which  had  deprired  tlii^iii  of  a  lon^* 
esteemed  colleague  and  friend.  It  appeared  aluo  to  tlie  Council 
that  probably  the  Members  themfielTes  would  prefer,  at  their  general 
meeting,  to  put  on  the  records  of  the  Society  a  resolution  expree- 
fiive  of  thoir  horror  of  the  deed,  which  has  80  suddenly  depriyed 
them  of  one  who  was  belored  by  all  that  had  the  adraniage  of 
his  acquaintance,  and  who  had,  fit>m  a  few  months  after  his  arriTal 
in  the  country,  been  a  member  of  their  Society,  and  a  frequent  and 
much-interested  attendant  at  their  meetings.  If  this  were  eo,  iie 
would  take  the  opportunity  of  proposing  the  following  resolutioQ^ — 

'  The  Society  would  desire  to  record  the  pain  and  sorrow  with 
which  they  haTe  heard  of  the  cowardly  murder  uf  the  lato  Chief- 
Justice  Korman,  in  whom  they  haye   lost  an  earnest  and  trutli- 
seeking  supporter,  an  esteemed  member  of  the  Sodety,  and  a  much.  J 
respected  friend/ 

lie  believed  it  would,  from  the  feeling  of  the  meeting,  be  un- 
necessary that  this  should  be  formally  seconded,  as  it  would  be 
carried  without  the  slightest  opposition. 

Carried  unanimously. 

The  Chniruian  also  proposed  that  the  Secretary  should  seiidl 
copies  of  resolutions  of  the  Society  and  the  Council,  together  with 
a  letter  of  condolence^  to  Mrs,  Norman,  and  further,  that  out  of 
respect  to  the  memory  of  the  late  Chief-Justioe,  the  meeting  be| 
adjourned. 

Carried  unanimously. 

After  announcing  the  receipt  of  the  following  paper,  the  Chair-  ] 
man  adjourned  the  meeting. 
Account  of  a  visit  to  the  EASTER3r    akh  Nobthbh!?   FBOKTiBas 

OF  Independent  Sikeim  with  ^otes  oif  the   Zoology  of    mm 

AxPrnE   AND   SUBALriNE   REOIONS, — PaET  II,  ZoOLOOY. Slf  Wu.* 

ujlu  T.  Blanfobd,  F.  G.  S.,  C.  M,  Z.  8.  (Abstract) 
This  is  the  second  portion  of  the  paper  already  noticed^  Ji 
commences  with  a  short  note  on  the  Sikkim  fauna  and  remarks  on 
the  peculiarity  of  a  belt  of  country,  inhabited  by  animals  with 
Malay  affinities^  intervening  along  the  base  and  lower  slopes  of 
the  Eastern  Himalayas  between  the  fauna  of  the  Indian  plains 
and  the  Falaearctio  region  of  the  higher  mountaius.     The  peculiar 


1871.] 


ProetedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Soetrty, 


227 


paucity  I  during  summer,  in  Bikkiiiii  of  tlie  migratory  birds,  wliicli 
visit  the  plaiua  of  India  dui-ing  the  winter,  is  poiuted  out,  aud  the 
occasional  replacement  of  those  species  which  cross  the  Hima- 
layas twice  in  the  year,  but  do  not  breed  there,  by  allied  forms 
which  never  leave  the  mountains  except  aa  occasional  stragglers. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  paper  is  devoted  to  notes  on  the  range, 
habits,  &c.,  of  mammals  and  birds  noticed  by  the  writer  in  the 
Paisearctic  regions  of  Sikkim,  with  occasional  descriptions  of  tlie 
rarer  species,  or  of  peculiar  phases  of  coloration  or  plumage.  Two 
birds  are  described  as  new.     These  are*— 

MoniifringiUa  ruJlcolUs^  sp.  nov.     Pale  umber  above  with  darker 
streaks,  the  forehead  whitish  and  the  rump  rufescent,  a  dark  line 
from  the  lores,   beneath  the  eye,  and  over  the  ear  covei-ts ;    the 
latter  and  the  sides  of  the  nock  ferruginous ;  the  outer  web  of  the  , 
first  primary,  a  wing  band  formed  by   a  large  spot  on  the    basal  j 
portion  of  the  inner  web  of  most  of  the  secondaries,  and  the  greater] 
part  of  the  smaller  wing  coverts  white  ;  all  the  basal  portion  of  the 
tail  feathers    except   the  two  tniddle  ones  cinereous,  then  a  little 
wliite,  and  the  tips  for  half  an  inch  brown  like  the  middle  feathers. 
Lower  parts  white  with  two  black  diverging  lines  on  the  chin 
In  the  female  the  ferruginous  collar  is  brown  behind  and  appears, 
to  extend  across  the  front  of  the    netk.     Length   6  inches,  wing 
3.75,  tail  2.35,  tarsus  0.82,  bill  from  forehead  0.42. 

The  general  coloration  dilTurs  from  that  of  the  three  other 
species  belonging  to  restricted  Moniijrinplla,  ITiat  it  is  not  the 
winter  plumage  of  M*  Adamsi  is  proved  by  that  bird  having  more 
wliite  on  the  tail  and  much  narrower  brown  tips  to  the  outer 
rectricea  than  the  present  species,  and  by  its  having  the  ends  of 
some  of  the  secondary  quills  white. 

Otoeoru  Elwesi^  sp.  nov.  This  is  near  0,  psmcillata^  but  distin* 
guished  by  the  white  of  the  sides  of  tho  neck  intorvoning  between 
the  black  of  the  cheeks  and  tbat  of  tho  breast.  It  is  smaller  than 
0,  longirmtrk^  and  has  a  mucii  shorter  bill.  The  black  on  the  head 
and  breast  is  arranged  as  in  (K  alpnfn*t  the  bade  is  pale  fulvous 
brown  with  faint  dusky  streaks  and  passing  into  greyish  lilac  on  the 
nape,  back  of  neck,  rump  and  wing  coverts,  the  quills  brown^  the  first 
prunary  with  the  outer  web  white,  the  middle  rectrices  the  same 


22&  Proceedings  vf  ihe  Jiiaiit  Society*  [Oc3T»  I 

colour  as  the  back,   all  the  rost  Llaokish,  the  two^outer  on  each 
Bide  edged  and  tipped  with  white  ;  lower  parts  while,  legs  blaek« 

Length  7J5  inches,  wing  4.7,  tail   3.2,    taisits    0.9,   hind  toe 
with  ita  claw  0  J5,  the  daw  alone  0.36^  bill  tcom  the  forehisad  0.4  * 
from  the  gape  0,6. 

Both  these  new  species  wore  found  in  the  Lichen  valley  near  the 
Tibetan  frontier,  in  places  where  Zepm  Tihetanm^  Leuctniiefe  fmma^ 
iopijgia^  Cinclm  iordiditSj  and  other  Tibetan  animals*  were  met  witli. 

Library, 
The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  Library  since  tlie 
meeting  held  in  September  last. 

Pf'esenMions, 
9^11  Karces  uf  Douora  in  CopitaTa. 

Proceedings  of  the  Eojal  Society  of  London,  Vol*  XIX,  No*  129. —  ^ 
The  ItoYAL  Society  of  Londost. 

Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  part  T,  1871. ^ 

Transactions  of  Do.,  VoL  VH.,  pjtrt  VI. — The  Zooloo,    Sooiety 
London. 

Proceedingfl  of  the  Eoyal  Geographical  Society,  London,  VcjI. 
XV,  No.  IL^ — Tme  Eoyal  Geographical  Society  of  Loimoir, 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Qeogi^aphical  Society,  London,  Vol.  XL, — .  ] 
TnE  TloYAL  Geoobaphical  Society  o¥  Loxdon, 

Bidletinde  la  Sociiite  de  Gcogi-aphie,  1871,  Mai-Jnillet. — 8o- 
Cie'te'  de  la  Geoobaphie,  Paris. 

Bulletins  de  T Academie  Eoyale  de  Belgique,  2me  Tome,  XXIX 

XXX. — Aunuaire   de   PAcademie   Eo^ale    de    Belgique,    1871, 

M^moires  de  V  Academie  Eoyale  do  Belgique,  Tome  XXXVIIL- 

M^raoires  Couronncs  et  M^moires  des  Sayants  Etrangers,  Tomes 

XXXV,     XXXVI. — ACADEMXB     EuYALE    UE8     ScXEIfCES     BEiS      LeT- 
TRES    ET   DES   BeL\UX-AeT8   DE   BelOIQUE. 

Memoirea  de  V  Academie  Inipcrialo  des  Sciences  de  St,   Peters- J 
bourg,  Tome  XVL — Bulletin  do    L'   Academie,  Tome  XV. — AcjLm 

DEMIE  ImPEBLALE   DES   SCIENCES    DE    8t.  PETERfcBOlTBOt 

Actes  de  V  Academie  de  Bordeaux  ;  1869,  Se  et  4e  trimeetres. 

Academie  des  Sciences,  Bexuss-Lettres  et  Aets  de  Bordeaux. 
Jahrbuch,    Band  XXI,   No.  L — K.K.   Geol,   EEicnsANsxAXT 

VtBKJfA. 


1871.]  ProceedingB  of  the  Astatic  Society.  229 

Eeport  on  the  Brachiopoda,  by  W.  H.  Dall. — The  Author. 

The  Eamayana,  Vol.  II.,  edit,  by  Hemachandra. — The  Editor. 

The  Christian  Spectator,  1871,  Octr. — The  Editor. 

The  Calcutta  Journal  of  Medicine,  Aug.  1871. — The  Editor. 

The  Bengal  Atlas,  by  Babu  Eajendralala  Mitra. — The  Editor. 

Catalogus  Codicum  Orientalium  Musei  Britanici,  part   II,   Codi- 
ces Arabici,  1846-1871. — The  British  Museum. 

Pehlavi  Grammar,  by  P.  D.  B.  Sungana. — The  Trustees,  Sir 
J.  Jeejeebhoy's  Translation  Fund. 

Prukrita  Manoramd  Vyakaranam. — Raja  Giri  Prasada  Sixoh. 

Tagore  Lectures  on  Hindu  Law,  Vol.  II,  by  H.  Cowell. — The 
Registrar  of  the  Calcutta  University. 

Exchange. 

The  Nature,  Nos.  89-92.— The  Atheneeum  for  July  1871. 

Purchase. 

Harold's  Coleoperologische  Forschungen,  Heft  I-YI. — Burmeis- 
ter's  Handbuch  der  Entomologie,  1-5. — Cand^ze,  Monographie  de 
E'lat^rides,  1-10.— Thomas's  Pathan  Kings  of  Delhi.— The  Annals 
and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  1871,  Aug. — ^L.  E.  and  D.  Phi- 
losophical Magazine,  1871,  Aug. — American  Journal  of  Science, 
1871,  July.— The  Calcutta  Review,  1871,  October.— Comptes 
Rendus,  Juilletl871. — Tenesser,  Reisen  in  den  Philippinen,  Band 
n,  Theil  2,  Heft  U. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THB 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OE  BENGAL 

FOB  NOYEMBEB,    1871. 


I 


^ 


A  tQocting  of  the  Society  was  lield  on  Wednesday  the  let  of 
Novem>»or,  1371,  at  9  r,  M. 

T»  Oldiiam,  Rsq.,  LL,  D.,  Vice -President,  in  the  chairs 
The  mmutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  conErmed, 
The  following  presentations  were  laid  on  the  table — 
1 . — From  Cupt.  W*  L.  Samnells,  Assist.  Commissioner,  Pachum- 
ba^  Chord  liue, — Two  copper  axos. 

The  following  letter  accompanied  the  donation — 
'  In  my  letter  to  you  which  accompanied  the  inscriptions,  I  men- 
tioned to  you  that  some  singular  looking  pieces  of  copper  had  been 
accidentally  found  by  a  native  of  tliis  district  in  digging  for  bam- 
boo roots  on  the  top  of  a  hillock.  I  am  sending  you  the  only  two 
Bpecimena  I  have,  and  may  as  well  tell  you  the  circuoistancoB  under 
whiL'h  I  came  by  them. 

*  On  rotiiTDing  to  Pachumba  this  year  from  the  Eewah  frontier, 
I  set  about  making  enquiries  as  to  whether  there  wore  any  known 
ruins  or  rock  excavations  in  the  neighlmurhood^  and  one  clay  in 
talking  to  an  old  resident  of  the  place  on  this  subject,  he  mentioned 
to  me  that  last  year  a  native  had  brought  Mr.  Ileyne,  the  Man* 
ager  of  the  Bengal  Coal  Company^s  mines  at  Kurhurbar6e,some  three 
or  four  vory  curious  looking  pieces  of  copper,  which  he  had  dug  out 
of  a  liilloek  on  the  borders  of  this  subdivision*  On  enquiry  I  found 
that  Mr.  Heyne  had  given  them  all  away,  but  I  managed  to  reoover 
one,  which  I  can*t  help  thinking  may  have  served  as  a  head  for  a 
battle-axe,  I  have  mounted  it  on  a  handle  in  true  primitive 
fashion,  and  I  leave  you  to  judge  whether  a  man  with  such  a  wea- 
pon in  his  hands  could  not  lay  about  him  with  some  moaning. 
Some  who  have  seen  it,  think  that  it  is  made  of  bronze,  others  that 
it  ia  pure  copper ;  but  that  it  has  been  formed  by  moulding  in 


Proceedin^i  of  the  Asiatic  Saciety* 


[NotJ 


sand,  I  tliink  there  ib  not  a  doubt  of.  At  ail  events,  the  iind  wi 
an  interestiDg  one,  and  I  was  consequently  induced  a  few  days 
to  start  off  from  here  with  tho  Intention  of  visiting  the  locality,  an^ 
having  further  excavations  niado  under  my  own  8U|>erinteDdouc?0, 
I,  therefore,  went  last  Friday  to  the  village  where  the  finder  of  tbo 
articles  lived,  and  on  his  appearing  befure  iw*^  ho  produced  auutli' 
piece  of  copper  of  the  same  weight  as  the  BUpposed  axe-hoa< 
(3J  D>s),  but  elliptical  in  shape.  What  this  can  have  been  it  h 
hard  to  conjecture.  The  native  informed  me  that  he  had  foutii 
five  pieces  altufjether,  throe  of  which  he  gave  to  Mr.  Heyne,*  on< 
to  Mr.  F.  Peppe,  the  manager  of  the  Gawan  Estate  ( District 
Hnzareebagh)  and  the  fifth  ho  that  day  put  boforfe  me.  He 
them  all  within  a  cubitus  depth  of  the  surface  of  a  hillock  vvliicl 
covers  an  area  of  about  4  local  cottahs  (i.  e.,  about  10  or  12  cottulij 
of  the  Bengal  standard  measure),  and  there  are,  he  says,  Beve; 
other  hilioeks  near  it,  some  larger  and  some  smaller.  But  Ik 
refused  to  point  out  the  locality,  and  gave  a  wliolo  string  of  frivo- 
lous excuses  for  not  doing  so ;  but  when  I  got  him  to  myself  lie 
told  me  the  true  reason,  and  I  cannot  refrain  from  relating  it  ao  it 
13  a  curious  instance  of  supGrstition. 

*  It  appears  that  thi«  man,  whr^ae  name  is  Anup  Teli,  cultivated 
land  about  this  %^ery  hillock,  and  he  told  me  that  the  night  after  he 
found  these  things^  he  had  a  dream  in  which  a  hhuf  of  terriUl 
aspect  appeared  before  him.  lie  was  no  ordinary  looking  spirit, 
but  of  prodigious  proportions,  liis  skin  being  red  and  liis  dothaa 
black,  whilst  a  proftimoa  of  hair  hung  down  his  back  from  hia, 
head  to  his  heels,  each  hair  being  as  thick  as  a  man*s  wrist*  Ilav-^ 
ing  dismounted  from  a  tiger  which  had  carried  him  to  Anup*i 
door,  ho  entered  the  hut  and  pointing  to  the  copper  pieces,  in. 
formed  Anup  that  they  wore  his  (tho  hhuCs)  property.  AjiiV 
at  once  expressed  hia  willingnesd  to  give  thorn  up^  but  the  hhk 
was  for  none  of  them,  He  wanted  in  exchange  four  haira  o: 
Aniip's  right  knee,  and  in  the  bargain  offered  to  relinquish 
claim  to  the  treasure  which  he  said  lay  buried  under  the  otlie*] 
hilioeks  in  that  locality*  But  tlie  much-coveted  hairs  And] 
would  not  part  ivith  at  any  price.     So  the  hMd  mounted  his  tiger, 


aUl 


•  Two  of  these  wem  takcu  io  Culcutta^  by  Dr. 
Geetogicjal  Sunroy  of  ladiii. 


F.  Sto]iciku,  Palueatitola^at,  J 


187L] 


rt^eudingB  &/th4  Aiiatk  Sacui^* 


2S8 


and  trotted  oiT  in  higli  dudgeon.  When  tha  day  broke,  Aniip 
proceeded  to  do  a  little  xilou^lilng  belbre  rosiimiDg  bis  excavations 
at  the  hillock  ;  but  as  he  passed  that  spot,  one  of  hia  bullocks  dropped 
down  stone-doad,  and  within  a  few  days  the  remainiDg  two  biilh>ckg 
which  he  possessed  died  also.  Upon  this  he  deserted  that  plac©! 
and  took  up  hia  residence  in  the  village  where  he  now  lives.  This, 
he  says,  happened  three  years  ago,  and  till  last  year  he  concealed 
these  copper  pieces,  which  he  believed  to  be  gold  j  but  thiiJcing 
ha  might  then  realise  something  by  them,  he  carried  them  off  in 
great  secrecy  to  Mr.  Hoyne,  to  whom  he  imparted  the  information 
of  where  he  had  found  them.  But  thia  little  indtacrotion  brought 
fresh  troubles  on  him  ;  for  when  he  returned  home,  his  little  girl 
sickened  and  died.  For  this  reason  he  said  he  never  would  tell 
another  eoul  where  the  hillocks  were  and  much  leas  would  he 
venture  near  the  locality  to  point  them  out« 

*  I  believe  the  man  Irom  his  demeauour  to  have  been  thoroughly 
sincere  in  his  belief  that  evil  would  bet'al  him,  if  he  disclosed  any- 
thing further  that  would  lead  others  to  the  place ;  for  I  used  every 
kind  of  persuasion  without  avail,  and  even  offured  Jiim  Its.  20  oa 
the  spot,  bnt  he  begged  me  not  to  press  him  and  assured  me  in  a 
whisper  that  Mr.  Hoyue  knew  the  exact  placOj  as  he  had  made  a 
note  of  it  in  his  pocket  book.  Finding  now  that  such  is  the  case, 
it  is  dear  that  the  man  had  uo  motives  of  personal  .gain,  as  I  at 
tirst  thought,  in  withholding  the  iuformation  from  me  ;  whilst  tho 
fact  of  his  refusing  the  Bs.  20,  being  under  ordinary  ci  roams  tan  oes  a 
most  unusual  trait  of  native  character,  proves  that  his  fears  were 
at  all  events  genuine.' 

The  Chairman,  in  soliciting  any  remarks  which  the  mambera 
desu^ed  to  offer  on  this  very  iuterestiug  had  of  Captiiin  Saiauelis, 
said,  that  the  specimens  which  he  would  send  round,  were,  if  iafcead- 
ed  for  weapons  or  unpleaient^  of  any  kind,  of  the  rudest  form*  There 
could  not  be  a  doubt  that  they  were,  one  entirely  so,  and 
the  other  to  the  extent  of  more  than  half  its  surface|  simply  the 
bloom,  derived  from  the  small  copper  furnaces  which  were  known 
to  have  been  in  use  with  the  old  smeltt^rs  or  workers  in  eoppar  in  the 
liountry,  and  of  which  littio  smelting  pots  examples  still  remainod. 
One,  as  he  said,  was  entirely  so*     It  bore  all  the  marks  of  the  hn^ 

rth  or  sand  into  which  it  was  run,  a  rudely  aii^cular  or  «li|^htiy 


3S4 


^roe6$imf9  ofiit  AtMde  Smidp, 


[Nov. 


oral  tbin  plate  of  copper,  just  as  the  melted  melal^  wooM  nater* 
all/  spread  cmtt  if  pooied  ottt  in  the  eetni-Tiaooaa  aiate  in  wUiA  woA, 
little  poti  inndd  jield  it  On  tlus  piece  tliere  waa  not  a  toaio^  af 
kaannerlng  or  of  die  application  of  anj  looL  T1m>  aeeood  oq  the 
oOier  haod^  tlioogk  precisely  similar  to  tlie  first  for  ooe  kalf  ita 
avrlaoe,  had  the  other  portion  beaten  and  hammered  ap  to  a  stiai^ht 
Ihm^  the  two  ends  of  this  being  hammered  oat  into  two  shoolderB  or 
two  •emidrcnlaHj  etured  recesses,  which  would  be  admirably  suited 
loT  the  application  of  a  handle  farmed  of  a  split  bamboo  or  stickyJ 
as  Oaptain  Samndls  has  applied  it*  Bat  the  cunous  pari  of  il  ia, 
that  is,  if  thaae  were  so  intended  for  the  application  of  a  handle,^!, 
and  with  such  a  handle  tmqnestioQably  the  heavy  mass  of  copper 
would  form  a  mde^  but  very  effectire,  axe  or  club,  though  not  a  cutp- 
ting  tool, — I  say  if  this  were  the  intention,  it  is  doubly  strange,  that 
those  who  knew  so  well  how  to  hammer  this  part  so  neatly  into 
shape^  iihntdd  not  also  hare  hammered  out  the  edge,  so  em  to  forma 
shnrp  cutting  surface.  This  edge  now  remains  with  all  the  roughnc 
and  thickness  of  the  old  bloom  just  as  it  flowed  &om  the  melting  pot,  j 

*'  I  beli<!ve  the  metal  has  not  been  examined  as  yet,  so  that  I  ant 
unable  to  say  whether  it  be  pure  copper  or  not,  but  it  looks  as  if  it , 
were  80, 

**  The  discovery  of  any  copper  implements  is  of  high  interest,  and 
while,  thanking  Oaptain  Satnuells  for  this  ooutribution,  it  is  hoped 
that  the  discovery  may  stimulate  others  to  searching  for  such  evi* 
dence  of  the  state  of  metallurgical  knowledge  among  the  ancient 
dwellers  in  these  lands. 

**  I  may  mention  that  within  a  few  mOes  of  where  these  copper 
blooms  were  found,  there  is  a  very  large  excavation,  stretching  forj 
nearly  half  a  mile  on  a  local  lode  of  copper  ore.  In  tlils  the  ore  ia 
probably  too  diffused  to  pay  for  working  now,  but  a  very  consider- 
able quantity  of  copper  must  have  been  extracted  from  this  place  in 
olden  times." 

2.— From   J.   M.   Foster,   ilsq.,   M.  D.,  through  Kr,  T.  Woo 
Mason — three  Asim  small  sUver  coins. 

Babu  Pratapa  Chander  Ghoshe,   Assistant  Secretary,  said  thaP 
the  largOKt  of  tbo  three  coins  contains  the  name  of  *  Sri  Brajanith 
Singh,  the  king/  and  the  two  smaller  that  of  ^  Sri  Qauriuath/     Na 
years  are  mentioned. 


187L] 


Proceedrnffs  of  the  Asiatic  Seeiety. 


235 


The  Presiilont  mentioned  that  he  had  seen  a  complete  collection 
of  Asam  coins  with  Mr*  Leonard. 


The  following  gentleman  duly  proposed  and  seconded    at  the 
last  meeting  was  balloted  for,  and  elected  Ordinary  Member — 
J,  M.  Foeteri  Esq,,  M.  D.,  Nazeerah,  Assam* 

The  following  gentlemen  ore  candidates  for  ballot  at  the  next 
meeting. 

Cupt.  W,  L,  Samnella,  Assistant  Commissioner,  Pachnraba, 
Chord  line,  proposf-4  by  CoL  E.  T.  Dalton^  0.  S.  1.,  seconded  by 
Mr,  H.  Blochmann* 

S*  E.  Peul,  E^q.,  Sibsagar,  Asam,  proposed  by  Mr.  J.  Wood* 
Maaon,  seconded  by  Mr.  H.  Bloclimanji. 

The  Chftirman  said  he  had  to  report  on  thio  part  of  the  Council 
that  they  had  had  under  consideration  the  terms  of  Rule  29,  By 
this  rule,  as  now  worded,  it  was  coDipnlsory  on  the  Society  io  hold  a 
meeting  in  each  month  in  the  year.  Practically,  however,  it  was 
found  that  during  the  months  of  September  and  October,  it  was  ex* 
tremely  doubtful  whether  a  sufficient  number  of  members  could  be 
brought  together  to  constitute  a  meeting,  and  rarely  has  it  been 
tickat  on  one  or  other  of  the  meeting  evenings  in  these  months, 
tiiere  had  not  been  an  adjournment,  as  there  was  not  a  quorum.  Fujp- 
ther  than  this  which,  is  the  practical  result — it  has  been  felt,  that 
with  the  serioui^ly  increased  duties  now  devolving  on  the  Secreta- 
ries, in  editing  the  Journal  and  the  Pi*oceedings,  it  was  not  just 
or  fair  to  those  officers,  who  it  must  be  remembered  are  purely  hon* 
orary  officers,  to  keep  their  time  so  preasingly  occupied  during 
the  whole  year,  without  any  respite.  It  certainly  is  the  rtile  else- 
where for  Scientific  Societies  to  have  a  certain  recess  during  the 
year,  and  it  is  considered  that  it  will  be  desirable  to  have 
such  a  recess  here  also.  The  Coundl,  therefore,  recommend  that 
the  words,  *  ixcepUng  in  Sepimnher  ttnd  Octuh$r^  be  inserted  in  Rule 
29  after  the  words :  **  The  Society  shall  meet  on  the  first  Wednes- 
day  in  each  month/' 

This  being  an  alteration  in  the  rules  must  be  referred  to  the  So* 
ciety  at  large.    Voting  papers  will  be  sent  out,  and  as  the  time  re> 


1 


286 


Fr^miim§%  rftht  Atiaiic  &d<<^. 


LNor^ 


quired  for  the  rnlee  will  be  given  bj  this  ftirangment,  the  moui 
meetisg  on  the  first  Wedneedaj  in  February  will  be  made 
meeting  for  the  discussion  of  the  question. 


The  following  letter  wae  read — 

From  Cnpt.  W,  L*  BAUinaJM^  forttorSing  facMmiles  ttf  iusffifi 
itplan^  and  a  drmemg  of  a   rack  ctU  UmpU  at   MareMts^    CAi 

'laend  joubjdik  bangby  a  parcel  containing  facsimiles  of 
eome  inscriptionB  which  I  found  cut  on  the  pillan  of  a  rock-<*ii| 
temple  at  Harchoka  in  the  Chutil  Nagpdr  Tributaiy  Mahal  ol 
Chang  Bhokar,  and  which  I  came  acroes  this  last  8eas<»n  in 
settling  the  frontier  line  between  Hewah  and  Chatia  Nii^iir. 

*  One  inscription  (  marked  B)  I  got  amongst  some  very  inter€«tiiig| 
remains  of  rock -cut  templce  and  mona&t^riee  near  the  Tillage  o| 
Mira  in  Bewah.     Tht?i?e  temples  were  risited  by  a  Capt.   Hluni 
in  1795,  and   are  mentioned  by  him  in  his  '*  Narrative   of  a 
from  Chunargbur  to  Yart&ago<jdum^'  published  in  1801  in  the 
Tolnme  uf   the    Asiatio  Besearehes.    On   pogee    73  and  T4| 
naotionB  hating  taken  sketches  of  these  temples  with  their 
•sreoients,  which  makes  me  anxious  to  koow  whether  your 
IS  in  possession  of  those  sketches,  and  if  so,  whether  I  could  be  b^\ 
Toured  with  a  view  of  them  ;  for  my  visit  to  the  M4r4  temples,  Ihna 
press  of  work,  was,  I  regret  to  say,  a  very  hurried  one.  I  was  th* 
fore  unable  lo  make  a  plan  of  them  as  I  should  like  to  have  di 
if  I  had  had  the  time.     But  if  Capt.  Blunt's  sketches  are  to 
fore,  I  slicmld  be  very  much  assisted  iu  writing  my  report  on  ti 
temples,  if  I  had  these  fiketclies  to  refer  to.  Capt.  Blunt  states 
he  was  unable  to   find   any  writing  or  inscription,    and  as 
the  temples  and  monastGriee  go,  I  was  siniilurly  disappointed 
I  doubt,  if  he  noticed  the  remains  of  a  stone  aqueduct,  as  no  m^i* 
tion  is  made  of  it  in  his  narrative.     It  was  in  following  op 
remains  and  fragments  of  the  aqueduct   with  a  view  to  asc^rtaaS? 
ing  from  i^henee  and  for  what  distance  the  water  had  been  con* 
reyed  by  this  artificial  channel  that   I   came  to  a   spring  whtoli 
issued   from  a  rock  in  the  side  of    a  hillf  and   found   the   rook 
excavated  so  as  to  form  a  grotto  of  the  following  dimensiona— 
length  Ifl'  4' J  dt-pth  6'  j  height  4  '.     The  roof  is  horijBontal  with 


far  J 


187L] 


Procudingi  ofth^  A$%<$tk  Society, 


237 


a  pldn  frieze  and  cornice  along  its  Trhole  frontage,  the  fonuor 
bearing  in  its  centre  ficulptured  fig'ures  in  relief  of  Biva  atid  BJia- 
wani  with  a  cobra's  hooded  head  rising  above  them.  The  height 
of  the  frieze  is  2  ^6",  The  shape  of  the  grotto  is  rectangidari 
except  tliat  at  one  end  the  elds  wall  forms  an  obtuse  angle  with 
the  back  wall  from  whence  the  spring  of  water  issues.  It  was  on 
this  side  wall  that  I  found  the  inspription  marked  R, 

*  I  was  for  some  time  puzzled  to  think  what  the  singular  device 
which  is  seen  on  the  right  was  Intended  to  represent,  till  it 
fltrnck  me  that  something  similar  to  it  might  be  got  by  twist- 
ing two  blades  of  the  long  broad  jungle  grains  in  a  particu* 
lor  way,  I  therefore  cut  two  strips  of  paper  to  be  used  as  a 
substitute  for  the  grass  and  put  a  coloured  line  along  the  centre  of 
each  to  represent  the  mid  rib,  and  coloured  the  edges  also  to  mark 
tlie  lines  which  would  indicate  the  breadth  of  the  grass  when  cut 
in  stone.  In  an  envelope  attached  to  the  copy  of  this  inscription 
you  will  find  the  paper  ligure  I  allude  to,  and  on  examining  it,  you 
will  observe  how  exactly  the  directions  of  the  coloui'ed  lines  on  the 
paper  correspond  with  those  shown  in  the  copy  of  the  inscribed 
device.  This  may  be  a  mere  coincidence,  but  still  it  is  natural  to 
suppose  that  the  carver  of  the  inscription  had  something  in  his 
mind^s  eye  that  suggested  to  him  the  device  I  am  alluding  to ; 
and  I  that  it  was  something  of  the  nature  suggested  by  mo  is,  I 
think,  more  than  probable, 

*•  This  groUa^  as  I  have  termed  it,  appears  to  me  to  bear  some 
resemblance  to  the  primitive  wells  of  Thrace  which  are  described 
as  consisting  of  arched  excavations  in  the  sides  of  rocks  where  the 
water  was  dii*ectly  obtainable  from  springs ;  with  this  diJierence 
only  I  that  the  Mara  *'  weir*  or  grotto,  whichever  is  the  more  cor- 
rect expression,  has  a  flat  roof  instead  of  an  arched  one.' 


Babu  Pratapa  Chandra  Ghoshe  said — 

**The  inscriptions  are  in  old  Nfigari  characters,  but  are  so  rude, 
that  the  characters  are  identified  with  mucli  difficulty*  Tlie  iu- 
Bcriptions,  so  far  as  I  have  read  them,  are  names  of  perhaps  the 
donors  of  particular  portions  of  the  temple.  They  bear  no  date.  I 
suppose  they  are  Buddhistic,  but  I  must  not  be  certain  b«for«  I 
read  uU  the  impressions  sent  by  Capt»  SomueUs." 


Mr. 


y,c^ 


to  tW 


Ux.J.J.Cv^,  El 


d«i 


4&I 


IMi. 


iktdji 


to  ihmOmOxwi 


a  Kkai. 


VftUAy  aboiii 


A  BdUk  nutBff  Am  aortk  mi  natk,  &•  frond  lins  my 
n^idly,  ir  4^  m  1,4M  &aL  I  ikodld  Odftk.  tksre  am  ^Qai» 
IM  of  then  oBooiids  dotted  about  m  oq  logdbr  lorai,  oloi^  tlho 
od^  of  ikam  milUli.  In  ontnrd  Ibm  l^of  iso  piMooljr  tiw  ooaiio 
OB  tbooe  iHortitttod  im  Coptein  Meodowo  Tojlor^o  boolt,  with  iMXfgm 
Olooeo  niber  oronlj  pheed  zovod.  Koioiiero  of  ikoM  stooeo  mp* 
poored  to  no  to  haxm  poiinil  lliioiigii  otooo-dnoMT^  lyndo^  Iheg^ 
borti]^  firo  Mm  radolj  sliapod,  vlii^  mofcee  mo  tkh^  Uwy  w«ro 
OvigKBoIlf  intended  to  Iwfo  boon  plnood  npRgkfc^  not  in  Ibo  poohiom 
Iboiid  i  liovoTOE^  aotliii^  VBB  finuid  to  indicate  llinl  anf  bnlldn^ 
mm  otoeCed  hme^  otill  il  is  steao^  tbai  tikeao  fiTO-oidod  otoaoa 
abooli  bo  tbera^  and  fiouiid  Ijio^  flat  on  Ibo  grooAd.  I  am  om^ 
tiMgrworo  noTor  latondad  to  be  placed  in  tbai  poailioiu  Tbe 
momda  m  ewery  eoae  were  boUow  at  the  top^  makiag  me  tbink 
tlni  a  ckambor  would  bo  fottnd  iuideinjealb«  tbat  tbo  atono 
iag  tbo  oeiliag  bad  probeblj  giren  way ;  bul^  ooi  t^oaiiig  t 
BOlbiiig  watt  fouad  to  g^uarantoo  fiuob  an  idea, 

*  1  oaauaenced  digging  oporalioad  on  Ike  principal  monnd  in 
place,  40  y(  4$m  diameter,  there  being  more  cut  stone  sunoiindin^ 
tk,  and  tliroe  or  tour  in  the  centre ;  yery  groat  earo  wao  tokeai  in 
digging  and  removing  stones.  The  top  of  one  of  ihaeo  fiTO-fiidod 
otooaa  wae  bit  open  doee  to  the  sarfaee,  and  in  the  centre  of  tbo 
moiDid  thii  waa  earefoliy  left  standing,  while  operations  were  goin^ 
*m  up  to  one  fotit  deep.    Nothing  but  loose  stones  and  earth   wna 


I 


1 8 7  L]  Proctfeding»  qf  th  A iiatic  St^ieiy,  239 

removed,  imtil  about  15  inohes  from  tho  surface  broken  red  pottery 
began  to  sliow  on  the  eouth  side.  At  last  some  stiiT  leaden  colour- 
ed clay  was  found,  fast  binding  pieces  of  pottery,  and  on  close  ex* 
amination  large  quantities  of  teeth  were  found,  which  evidently 
had  been  piit  into  a  gurmh  and  imbedded  in  this  clay.  These 
bones  are,  1  believe,  the  back  teeth  of  horses,  in  very  good  pre- 
flervation.  This  clay  then  began  to  be  found  in  patches,  in  which, 
as  a  rule,  you  always  lind  pottery  and  other  implements,  and  ap- 
peared in  no  other  place  than  on  the  south  side. 

*  I  was  standing  one  evening  looliing  on,  when  all  of  a  sudden  I 
saw  a  **iind/*  and  immediately  jumped  down  into  the  hole,  and 
with  the  greatest  care  dug  out  of  the  clay,  well  cemented  together, 
two  copper  bells,  two  round  copper  (in  my  opinion)  ear-rings,  and 
an  iron  axe;  these  I  hanilled  with  the  utmost  care,  vainly  hoping 
that  the  whole  would  remain  in  this  solid  state;  but  after  a  few 
days,  the  heat  of  June  soon  dried  up  the  day,  and  the  whole  be- 
came detached.  This  and  a  few  inim  imploraenta  and  a  gold  ring 
were  the  only  things  found.  This  excavation  was  carried  down 
about  2*6  feet. 

*  In  the  other  wo  went  down  over  three  feet  from  the  surface,  and 
notliing  but  iron  was  found,  very  rust  eaten.  The  only  implement 
in  good  preservation  was  a  kind  of  saucer  for  holding  oil,  which 
had  a  handle  with  a  hook  to  hang  by,  and  a  spiral  spring,  which 
must  I  think  have  been  wound  round  a  stick,' 

,  The  following  papers  were  read — 

!♦— 0/4  a  netv  FhotO'caUographic  Printing  Process. — I}g  OAPTAiif 
J.  Wateeuousb,  Amsiant  Sm-i^tgor  Gmaral^ 

1  have  the  pleasure  to  bring  to  your  notice  this  evening  a  new ^ 
process  of  photographic  printing,  I  have  lately  worked  out,  which| , 
though  it  can  scarcely  be  called  original,  i&  in  some  respects  new  I 
and,  as  I  believe  it  has  never  before  been  worked  in  India,   a  de- 
scription of  it  may  not  prove  uninteresting  to  many  of  the  membera 
of  this  Society,  more  especially  as  the  new  process  will  be  used  for 
the  reproduction  of  photographs  and  drawings  of  all  kinds  for  the 
illiLstration  of  our  Journal. 

The  few  specimens  I  have  with  me,  though  very  imperfect,  ore^ 
Butlident  to  shew  the  capabilities  of  the  process.     I  liave  hitherto 


S40 


Jhnmtdimgw  p/iJu  AmMu  Smt^, 


[Not; 


cilueflj  practised  on  sabjects  ib  line  in  order  to  perlMt  mymU  in 
tlie  manipulations,  whleli  were  entirelj  new  to  me*  Imt  I  knov 
from  the  trials  I  harts  alreadj  made,  dust  tiie  proeaM  will  also  give 
azcellent  resulta  in  half  looie  aa  aooa  as  I  shall  hava  bean  abla  to 
master  the  diffiettlties  'oCthe  printing,  and  to  obtain  proper  appli- 
aooea.  I  am^  therefore,  nnwilling  to  delay  the  publication  of  a 
process  by  which  absolatelj  permanent  photographic  repfoductio&a 
maj  be  made  fitim  any  elass  of  subject  with  great  perlection  and 
economy  by  means  of  applianoee  which  are  within  the  reach  of  alL 

In  principle  my  process  is  similar  to  that  introduoed  in  1866  by 
Tessier  du  Mothay,  which  was  afterwards  modified  and  improved 
by  Albert  of  Munich  and  other  Germans,  and  still  further  perf< 
by  Ernest  Edwarda  of  London^  who  has  brought  it  into  extenai' 
use  under  the  name  of  Heliotypo.    Many  of  the  members 
may  probably  have  read  deseriptians  of  it  in  some  of  the  EngUah 
serials,  or  hare  seen  specimens  In  a  publication  entitled  **  Art,  Pio- 
torial  and  Industrial/'  which  is  iUnstrated  endrely  by  its  meaiia. 

The  distinctiTe  feature  of  all  these  prooesses  is,  that  tiie  princiii^ 
Buriiace  is  composed  of  gelatine^  hardened  in  such  a  manner  that  ii^ri 
may  stand  the  wear  and  tear  of  printing,  and  they  all  dej>end  upoo^B 
the  well  known  property  peculiar  to  a  dried  film  of  gelatine  mixed 
with  an  alk aline  bichromate  of  becoming  insoluble  after  e: 
to  light,  and  repelling  water  in  the  parts  exposed  to  light  exaetl: 
in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  the  action  of  the  light  upon  th( 
and   at  the  same  time  of  acquiring  a  corresponding  affinity  for 
greasy  substance,  such  as  printing  ink.     Although  this  propei 
by  itself  has  been  most  usefull}*  applied  in  many  photographic  pi 
oessea  for  the  reproduction  of  subjects  in  line,  it  would   be  qttil 
incapable  of  giTing  the  required  results  in  the  processes  now  und 
notice,  because  the  unexposed  gelatine  remains  in  a  pulpy  soft  si 
incapable  of  withstanding  the  wear  and  tear  of  printing,  and 
over  it  would  be  liable  to  dissolve  entirely  with  any  rise  in  tempi 
ature,  the  consequence  of  which  would  be  the  loss  of  all  the  lighi 
tones.     It  has  been  found,  however^  that  the  chromated  gelatine 
film  may  be  so  hardened  or  oxidised  by  certain  substances,  such  aa 
Ihc  alums,  especially  chrome  alum,  tannin,  dilorine,  bichloride  of 
merttiry,    permanganate  of  poiaah,    and  other  suitable  oxidi^ 


1S7L] 


Froee^dtn^i  a/ the  A  viatic  SocUt^, 


241 


au^entSf  that  it  made  quite  insoluble  in  water,  though  etill  capable 
of  retaining  a  certain  amount  of  water,  without  interfering  with  its 
property  of  attracting  greasj  ink  in  the  parts  exposed  to  light  and 
repHlling  it  in  the  unexposed  parts,  so  that  if  such  a  fihn  bo  spread 
upon  a  surface  of  glass,  metal,  or  other  suitable  material  and  after 
exposure  to  light  under  a  photogrupliic  negative,  be  washed  till  aU 
the  chromio  salt  is  removed^  wo  obtiun  a  printing  surface  possessing 
the  properties  of  an  ordinary  lithogi-aphie  stune,  that  is  to  say,  it  ia 
absorbent  of  water  in  some  parts,  and  absorbent  of  greasy  ink  in 
otiiers,  but,  as  I  have  mentioned,  it  also  has  another  most  valuable 
property  which  is  not  possessed  by  the  lithographic  stuue,  and  which 
baa  been  most  aptly  termed  **  a  discrimiaating  power  of  absorption,** 
tto  that  when  it  is  inked  in  with  a  roller,  the  ink  will  be  thickest  on 
the  parts  representing  the  deepest  shadows  of  the  picture,  and 
whifh  have  received  the  most  exposure  to  light,  the  middle  tints 
will  take  less,  the  lighter  tints  still  less,  while  the  high  lights  will 
lake  none  at  all,  and  be  represented  by  white  paper.  It  will  readily 
be  seen  that  in  this  way  an  exact  transcript  of  the  original  photo- 
Igiuph  may  be  obtained,  shewing  the  most  dolieato  delineation  of 
detail  with  as  perfect  gradation  of  tone  as  in  a  proof  produced  by 
the  ordinary  process  of  silver  printing,  but  possessing  the  great  ad- 
vantages of  a  lithograph  or  engraring  over  a  silver  print  in  respeat  I 
of  undoubted  permanence,  cheapness  and  rapidity  of  productioa. 
The  above  is  the  principle  upon  which  those  processes  depend^- 
the  practice  though  presenting  some  diilicullies  of  manipulation  is 
verj^  simple,  A  mixture  of  gelatine  and  bichromate  of  potash, 
with  one  of  the  hardening  or  oxidising  sub&tauces  I  have  mention- 
ed,  and  also  a  little  glycerine,  sugar  or  other  substauct*,  capable  of 
preventing  the  gelatiue  Elm  from  being  too  brittle  is  poured  upoa 
tlie  eurface  of  a  perfectly  level  finely  ground  glass  plate,  and  care- 
fully dried  in  the  dark  in  such  a  manner  as  to  preserve  ii 
very  eyen  surface.  When  dry  the  plate  is  ready  to  be  exposed 
tmdear  a  reversed  negative  in  the  usual  manner.  After  the 
BUrlaoe  has  received  sufEeiout  exposui'e  the  plate  la  turned  aud 
its  under  surface  is  exposed  to  the  i\dl  power  of  the  light  for 
a  short  time  to  render  it  thoroughly  hanl  and  insoluhlo  and  prevent 
it  from  swelling  too  much  in  the  after  wushlug.     The  plate  is  now 


242  Proeefidinff^  of  th0  Aiiatfe  S&neiy,  [Nov* 

washed  till  all  the  bichromate  is  remoyed  and  is  then  rolled  in  wit 
soft  prmting  ink. 

This  is  the  dmplest  mode  o|  printing  hut  in  the  coi] 
of  working  out  the  Heliotyp©  process  Mr.  Edwards  found  tha 
it  was  very  difficult  to  ohtain  perfect  contact  between  the  nega 
dve  and  the  gelatine  £lm  and  thus  it  was  impossible  to  obt 
the  shai^pest  results,  so  he  thought  of  preparing  a  tissue  wklu 
might  be  printed  upon  juBt  like  a  sheet  of  een^itive  photograpl 
paper  or  carbon  tissue  and  afterwards  transferred  on  to  a  : 
plat©  or  any  other  suitable  surface  which  would  stand  the  wear 
and  tear  of  printing.  This  was  a  great  and  valuable  improve  mentis 
but  in  the  course  of  my  experiments  I  found  some  difficulty  i^| 
transferring  the  tissue,  and  as  I  find  that  with  proper  precau- 
tions fairly  sharp  results  may  be  obtained  by  printing  on  IU^h 
original  plate,  I  have  abandoned  the  use  of  tissue  till  I  have  nior^H 
fully  worked  out  the  process.  ^| 

I  will  now  briefly  describe  the  mode  of  working  which,  after  man^^ 
trials  and  failui-es  I  have  found  most  successful. 

Having  well  cleaned  some  pieces  of  Jinely  ground  plate  glass 
such  as  is  ordinarily  used  for  looking-glasses,  and  having  cart^fully 
levelled  them.     I  prepare  a  mijtture  composed  of — 

Gelatine, 1  ounce. 

Honey  Soap, 30  to  60  grains. 

Tannin,    10  grains. 

Distilled  water,   ....  8  ounces. 

I  have  found  10  grains  of  tannin  to  1  ounce  of  gelatine  suiHoie 
to  render  it  quite  insoluble^  and  I  think  oven  less  would  do ;   but  it 
more  is  added,  it  has  the  effect  of  rendering  the  film  insensitive  - 
light.     The  object  of  adding  the  soap  is  to  render  the  tilm   tougt 
and  prevent  it  from  becoming  brittle  and  breaking  up  when  dried  J 
its  use  for  this  purpose  was  first  suggested  by  Mr.  Johnson,  it 
working  the  autotype  process.     Some  precautions  are  nooessary  in  * 
mixing  the  solution  so  that  it  will   give  an  even  transparent  film 
when  dry.     I  have  tried  many  kinds  of  soap,  but  I  have  found  tlial 
the  honey  soap  exported  by  Coward  of  Ix^ndou,  such  as  is  commonly  1 
aold  by  the  box  wallas,  is  the  best«     The  soap  and  taimin  mu^t   b^  I 


187L] 


Protmdingn  of  th$  Awiaiic  Sociiiy. 


243 


P 


P 
¥ 

W 
P 
N 


pepaiately  dissolved  in  about  1  ounce  of  hot  water,  then  mixed]and 
*dded  very  gradually,  and  with  coastaEt  stirring  to  the  gelatiao 
dissolved  in  the  remaimng  6  ounces  of  hot  water.  The  mixture  is 
then  filtered  through  eoarae  cloth  and  poured  on  the  plates.  Should 
any  air  bubbles  be  formed  they  may  be  removed  with  the  point  of 
a  pen- knife.  The  gelatine  soon  eets  and  as  Boon  aa  I  find  the  film 
is  firm,  I  turn  the  plates  face  downwardt^  and  plaoe  them  out  to  dry 
in  the  open  air  on  suitable  supports.  They  dry  in  from  12  to  24 
hours  or  longer  according  to  the  state  of  the  atmosphere.  I  thiulc 
the  plan  I  have  here  adopted  of  preparing  the  gelatine  film  with- 
out the  addition  of  the  sensitive  bichromate  is  advantageous  in 
many  ways-  It  enablos  the  plates  to  be  dried  in  the  open  air, 
quickly  and  evenly  and  I  find  that  when  turned  face  downwards 
very  little  dust  settles  on  them  ;  another  advantage  is  that  a  stock 
of  plates  maybe  prepared  and  kopt  till  required  to  bo  sensitised  for 
use.  After  sensitising  the  plates  dry  very  quiekly  and  heat  may  be 
used  without  any  fear  of  the  film  bocaming  di8'=*olved  and  flowing 
otl^the  plate.  I  tried  Mr.  Edwards*  process  of  mixing  together  the 
^latine»  chrome  alum  ami  bichromate  of  potash  according  to  his 
published  formula,  but  I  found  that  the  plates  so  prepared  took  a 
very  long  time  to  dry  and  required  to  be  kept  carefully  level  in  the 
drying  box,  besides  this  there  were  other  disadvantages  which  led 
me  to  abandon  the  use  of  r.hrnme  alum  and  substitute  tannin  with 
which  I  had  made  some  experiments  so  long  ago  as  1866* 

Wlien  the  plates  are  thoroughly  dry  I  immerse  them  in  a  solution 
of  bichromate  of  potash  about  1  oz.  of  the  salt  to  20  ounces  of  water 
and  then  place  them  in  a  drying  box.  As  the  gelatine  is  quite 
insoluble  there  is  no  necessity  for  keeping  the  plates  level  in  this 
SQL^ond  drying  and  if  necessaij  heat  may  be  used*  The  plates  dry 
in  2  or  3  hours  and  are  then  ready  for  nm,  I  expose  under  a 
rtn^enad  negativQ  for  about  10  minutes  in  the  sun  for  a  clear  line 
tubject  and  about  half  an  hour  for  a  subjeot  in  half  tone  accord- 
ing to  the  density  of  the  negative.  \Vlien  sufficiently  exposed 
I  remove  the  negative  and  expose  the  hack  of  the  sensitive  plate  to 
light  for  a  few  minutes  in  order  to  thoroughly  harden  the  under 
surface  of  the  gelatine  film  and  prevent  swelling  and  it  from 
puckering   up  during  the  printing.     The  plate  is  then  thoroughly 


244 


Praci^iingi  df  the  Astatic  Society. 


[Not. 


rafthed  in  several  changes  of  water   till  all  the  bichromate  is  re- 
moved and  is  ready  for  printing. 

The  priritiiig  is  the  most  difficult  part  of  the  whole  process  and  sue- 
ceas  appears  to  depead  entirely  upon  the  composition  of  the  ink*  In 
printing  lino  subjecta  some  inks   are  too  tough  and  cannot  well  be 
cleaned  oil'  the  plate,  others  are  too  soft  and  are  liable  to  be  rubbed  off 
when  the  plate  is  cleaned  with  a  eluth*  Then  again  in  printing  sub- 
jects in  half  tone  a  stiff  ink  will  only  take  on  the  shadows,  while  a  soft 
thin  ink  will  take  all  over  the  plate  and  by  giving  a  slight  ton©  to 
the  high  lights  destroy  all  brilliancy  of  effect*    In  printing  subject 
in  line  I  roll  In  with  a  tolerably  stiiF  ink  made  of  onlinary  Hthogri 
phic  chalk  ink  thinned  with  olive  oil  instead  of  varnish  and  before 
print! ug,  cloan  tho  surface  of  the  plato  with  a  damp  cloth*     Pot 
halt'  tone  subjects,  the  plate  must  lirst  be  rolled  in  with  stiff  ink  it 
order  to  obtain  depth   in   the   shadows  and  tho  detu.il  of  the  ha 
tones  afterwards  brought  out   by  tho   use   of  a  iofter  and  lighten 
ink  which  should   just  be  of  such  a  consietency  and  tint  that  th«j 
halftones  may  all  be  well  developud,  but  the  high  lights  left  clearJ 
The  inking  in  may  be  done  with  lithographic  rollers,  bnt  rollers 
india*rubber  have  been  found  better.     The  printing  is  best  pe 
formed  by   vertical   pressure  in  an  ordinary  type  printing  pr 
which  should  be  furnished  with  an  India  rubber  bed  to  prevent 
the  glass  plates  being  broken,  and  tho  plate  should  be  covered  with" 
a  padding  of  felt,  so  that  the  paper  may  be  well  pressed  into  tliQi- 
hoUows  forming  the  deepeat  shadows.     Euamelled  paper  is  th^ 
best  for  printing  on,  especially  for  subjects  in  half  tone.     The  proof 
I  have  with  me  have  all  been  pulled  in  an  ordinary  copying  pres 
which  I  find  answers  the  purpose  fairly,  though  it  is  iuconvenicmj 
in  many  respects. 

If  it  is  required  to  print  on  a  tissue,  a  plan  which  certainly  posse 
es  msny  great  advantages,  a  perfectly  polished  glass  plate  is  use 
instead  of  ground  glass,  and  the  surface  is  rubbed  with  a  solutftu 
of  wax  in  ether,  so  that  when  it  is  dry,  the  film  may  be  stripped  ofl 
with  ease.  The  composition  I  have  described  above  makes  au  i 
oellent  tissue. 

Such  ore  the   details   of   my  process   as   far  as  I  have  gonejB 
it  ifl  very  imperfect  in  many  points,    but  I  am    stiU  working 


1871.] 


Pr^M$iinp  of  the  Amtie  Saciety, 


245 


I 
I 


at  it,  and  hope  aoon  to  perfect  and  bring  it  into  practical  use  in  the 
8urvoyor  Generara  office  for  tlie  reproduction  of  line  delicate  draw- 
ings iu  line  or  brush  shading,  which  are  not  susceptible  of  being 
reproduced  by  photography,  and  also  to  replace  the  costly  and  te- 
dious process  of  silver  printing  for  ordinary  photographs. 

The  experience  I  have  already  gained  has  shewn  me  that  the 
process  is  perfectly  practical,  and  also  exceedingly  economical  both 
in  time  and  in  material.  It  is  true  the  preparation  of  the  plates 
takes  a  long  time,  but  once  the  plate  is  prepared,  copies  may  be 
puUed  from  it  at  the  rate  of  from  100  to  200  copies  a  day,  and  as 
the  plates  may  be  kept  ready  prepared^  the  time  taken  in  their  pre- 
paration is  really  »jf  little  consequence.  As  regards  the  cost  of 
materials,  I  hnd  that  the  preparation  of  a  square  foot  of  surface 
costs  about  4  annas  and  6  pie.  This  is  a  mere  trifle,  when  the 
great  advantages  of  the  prot^esa  are  considered ;  Ist,  in  being  able 
to  copy  drawings  or  other  subjeota  in  line  with  a  sharpness  and 
delicacy  equal  to  the  finest  lithography  or  copper  plate  engraving, 
and  2ndly,  in  being  able  to  print  copies  of  shaded  drawings  or  ordi- 
nary photographs,  which  shall  be  permanent  and  perfectly  repro- 
duce all  the  gradations  of  the  original,  and  I  need  not  point  out 
how  immensely  valuable  it  will  be  for  the  reproduction  and  cheap 
circulation  of  photographs  illustrating  various  branches  of  science. 

I  would  only  further  add  thtit  I  do  not  put  this  forward  as  an 
original  process  of  my  own,  as  I  must  acknowledge  my  obligations 
to  former  workers  in  the  same  direction,  I  can  only  claim  to  bo 
the  fij'st  to  have  worked  out  a  practical  proooss  suitable  for  use  in 
this  country,  and  hope  that  the  subject  may  be  taken  up  by  somo 
of  our  Indian  photographers. 

n, — NoU  on  three  Arabic  Jmcriplwns  hy  0arly  Muhammadan  Kin^n  o/ 
Bengal^  remved  from  A.  BitoADLEY,  Esq  ,  C.  8.,  BniAJi.— ^y 
<iH.  BLOcnMANK  Esq.,  M.  A.,  Calcutta  Madraaah, 

The  three  Arabic  inscriptions  wkit'h  I  have  the  pleasure  to  lay 
before  the  meeting,  were  sent  to  me^  among  others,  by  Mr.  A. 
Broadley,  C.  S.,  Bihar.  Mr.  Brondley  has  taken  rubbings  of  a 
birge  number  of  inscriptions,  which  he  found  on  mined  buildings 
and  shrines  in  the  town   of  Bihar,   a   town,    which   in   the  early 


246 


PteeMdingn  of  the  Amaik  Soeie($. 


[No^ 


poriod   of  Bengal   histoiy  held   a   mucli  lugUer  rank  than  it  do^ 
novr-a-daj9.     From  the  rubbings  which  I    have  examined,    it 
certain  that   Mr.   Bn>adle7'8  inscriptions  will  considorably  add 
our  knowledge  of  the  beginning  of  the  Muhammadan  perind 
Bengal  History,  and  I  hope  that  he  will  6iid  leisure  to  publish 
large  ooilection,  and  add  archeological  notes  on  the  old  buildinga  of 
Bih&Ty  and  alao  collect  the  numerous  legends,  etill  current  in  the 
district^  regarding  the  early  Muhamma^^lan  invadera  of  BongaL 

My  object  in  laying  a  few  of  Mr.  Broadley'a  inscriptions  before 
the  meeting,  is  to  direct  attention  to  BIh&r  inscriptions  in  generalj 
and  to  appeal  to  officers  stationed  in  that  provint»e  to  send  rub- 
bings to  our  Society  for  publication.  Every  inscription  with  the 
name  of  a  king  and  a  date  on  it,  is  of  value.  At  a  former  meet- 
ings I  explained  what  progress  had  been  made,  up  to  the  preeeiij 
time,  in  the  elucidation  of  Bih^  and  Bengal  history.  I  mentiou< 
that  we  do  not  even  possess  a  correct  and  complete  list  of 
Muhammadan  kings  of  Bengal  and  Bih^,  and  that  no  histo: 
had  yet  attempted  to  ^  the  limita  to  which  the  kingdom 
Bengal,  at  various  timesi  extended.  There  exist  no  MS.  kis- 
turiee  of  Bengal ;  the  first  attempt  at  a  connected  histoi 
known  to  us,  U  the  short  chapter  by  Nlzaniuddin  in  tlie  Tahaqul 
Akbari^  which  was  composed  so  late  as  A.  H.  lUOl,  or  A,  D.  1592, 
For  the  beginning  of  the  Muhammadan  period,  we  have  only 
occ^i&ional  notices  in  the  MS.  histories  of  the  Dihli  empire,  and 
ooins  and  inscriptions.  The  information  which  coins  yield,  will  be 
found  in  Mr  E.  Thomases  excellent  Essny  on  the  *  Initial  Coinuiif  Oj 
BengaV  (Joiimal,  A,  8.  Bengal,  for  1867).  He  compiled  a  valu 
able  list  of  the  early  Muhammadan  Governors,  and  assigned  to 
several  kings,  whose  names  were  not  to  be  found  in  the  existing 
histories  of  Bengal,  thoir  proper  places.  As  an  example,  I  may 
mention  the  king  Shamsuddin  Finiz,  of  whom  Mr.  Thomas  found 
ooins  strnck  between  1315  and  1322,  A,  D.  The  inscriptions  %t 
Tribenj  near  Tliigli,  which  I  lai«l  last  year  before  the  Society,  men- 
tion the  same  king  as  having  reigned  in  1313,  A.  D.  Two  of  Mr. 
Broadleye  inscriptions — and  this  wilt  shew  the  value  of  hia  dia* 
coveriee,  prove — 

1.     that  FiroK  already  reigned  in  1309  over  (Western)  Bengal» 
or  Lah'hnauti. 


id 

be      I 

4 


IfitL] 


Proceedings  of  ty  Ammw^ 


247 


I 


2.  That  South  Bihar  under  him  belonged  to  Bengal,  whilst 
other  inscriptions  shew  thatBihdrin  1352  again  belonged  to  Dihli. 

3,  That  Shamanddia  had  a  bob  of  th©  name  of  Hfilim  Khain^ 
who  in  1309  and  1315,  and  hence  most  likely  during  the  intervening 
years,  was  g<5vernor  of  Bihdr, 

From  a  letter,  I  lately  had  from  Mr.  Broadley,  it  would  also  ap- 
pear  that  portions  of  Ilalim  KhSn'a  palace  still  exist,  and  that  his 
descendants  ai-e  still  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Bihfir. 

Of  the  three  iuscriptiona  before  tlie  meeting  two  belong  to  Halim 
Khin  and  contain  the  date«  1309  and  1315  ;  the  former  inscription 

Bms  to  have  belonged  to  a  sarai,  the  latter  to  a  mosque. 
'  The  tliird  inscription  is  of  a  still  earlier  date,  and  mentions  an 
edifice  built  in  A.  H.  640,  or  A.  B.  1242,  by  'Izzuddin  Abulfath 
Tughril  Khttn>  who  styles  himself  SuI^An^  and  asfiumes  other  regal 
©pithotH,  as  Khaqdn  ul  Jlu^azzam,  khtUada-Udhu  mnlkahuj  Sf€,^  though 
his  contemporary,  the  author  of  the  TahatpU  I  JViif  iW  merely  calla  him 
Hdkim^  or  Governor,  of  Lak^hnauli,  which  was  then' looked  upon  aa 
belonging  to  the  Dihli  empire. 

The  characters  of  all  three  inscriptions  are  f^ighH, 

m, — A  Ehtory  of  the  Vilhge  of  Arufa^  Tahiti  Jagtdan^  ZiVah 
Ludhidnd* — By  Attah  Singii,  Chikp  of  Bhabdaue. 

This  pnper  is  written  in  Hindi,  and  contains  eeverul  interesting 
facts.  The  writer  states  that  Afufa  lies  a  litthj  north  of  Bhuddnur, 
and  eight  hog  south  of  Jagraon,  and  is  inhabited  by  Muhanimmlans 
and  B^jpiits.  The  decline  of  the  place  dates  from  the  time  of  Ah- 
mad Sh6h  Dtirriini. 

In  old  times,  Afii^a  was  inhabited  by  Hfijputs  of  the  Pramnifla 
clan.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  were  killml  when  the  Miiliammadans 
invaded  the  diBtritit,  and  many  emigrated.  Among  tlie  fugitives 
were  also  several  families  of  Brahmans,  and  hence  it  is  that  i;ertain 
clflnB,  as,  for  example,  the  Kiligotra  Brahmans  of  the  hills  of 
CJbintfiptiri,  look  upon  Arura  as  their  original  domiuile. 

The  writer  then  mentions  several  legends  of  Bdi  Firuz,  undf^r 
whom  AfUfa  flom-ished*  His  tomb  still  exists,  and  in  one  of  its 
inscriptions  the  year  1532  Samvat  is  legible.  The  old  tank  called 
Eam'yani  near  Afura  is  fretiuented  by  numerous  pilgrims. 


248 


Proeeeditiffi  of  ihe  Aaiatk  Society, 


rSor) 


People  say  that  the  ancient  name  of  the  place  is  Ahichatta,  and 
that  ita  ruler,  Edja  Buddhamati  compo&ed  a  work  in  Prakrit,  enti" 
tied  Bharma  Kathd,  which  ia  still  used  by  the  PiTija  tribe  in  the  dis- 
trict. In  the  15th  chapter  of  tliis  book^  it  is  mentioned  that  a 
former  prince  of  the  city  of  Ahichatta,  named  Kanaka  Ketu,  reign- 
ed at  the  time  of  Mahdvira  Swami^  the  twenty-fourth  incarnation 
Buddha.  Under  him  the  town  was  so  lurgo^  that  Bhaddaur  antf 
the  adjoiniag  villages  were  the  suburbs  of  Aruya, 

III  eoncliision,  the   writer  mentions  a  few  facta  connected  with 
Bhai  Bahadur  Singh  of  Bhaddaur,  who  died  in  A.  D.  1 866. 

IT. — Description  of  a  Nm  Spmes  of  AhromU, — B^ 
W.  E.  Brooks,  Esq*,  C,  K,  Eta'wah. 

Abbobkib  Jekdoki, — The  dark  slatey-headed  Ahrortm.  Dimen«j 
Bions— length  of  skin  3  J,  but  the  bird  in  the  ileah  would  probablj 
measure  3J  ;  wing  1*82;  tail  1*57  ;  bill  at  front  '35;  from  gaj 
about  *5  ;  tarsus  -72. 

Culors  similar  to  those  of  A,  Xanthoschittos^  hut  the  slate  colour 
of  the  head  and  shoulders  ia  very  dark  and  without  the  greenisl: 
tinge  observed  ia  the  other  species.  There  ia  no  apparent  light 
coloured  coronal  streak,  but  a  greyish  white  supercilium.  Lower  baci 
bright  yellow  green,  as  are  also  upper  tail  coverts.  Upper  part  o| 
wiug  vivid  green,  all  the  coverts  primaries  secondaries  and  tertial' 
as  well  as  tail  feathers  edged  vivid  yellow  green.  Two  outer  tail 
feathers  white  on  their  inner  weba ;  the  white  of  the  outer  one  bein^ 
spotless,  while  that  of  the  penultimate  one  is  clouded  with  pale  brown 
spots  ;  but  that  of  the  lower  sui'face  of  body  from  chin  to  under  tail 
coverts  bright  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  coloured  as  ia  the  other  gpeeiea* 

Dr.   Jerdon  was  acquainted  with  this  bird,  and  he  procured  thi 
specimens  which  Mr,  llumo  and  I  have.     I  therefore  name  it  after^ 
him  J  but  he  confounded  it  with  Ahrorni$  XatUkoMchidos^  Hodgaou. 
X  have  examined  Mr*  Hodgson's  original  drawing  with  dimensioha 
of  the  latter ;  and  find  it  represents  undoubtedly  the  North-W©s*j 
tern  bird,  which  extends  to  Caslimero.     This  drawing  ia  very  aecu*| 
rate,   and  perfectly  accords  with  Cashmere,  Dhurmsala  and  Kuina- 
on  birtls ;  also  with   others  procured  on  the  Nepal  border  by  Mr«J 
Yealman^  in  the  cold  ueadon.     Mr.  HoilgBon'^  dinieuHious  of  J^i/<«l 


1 87 1 J  Proceedingi  of  the  Aatatie  Saektjf.  249 

ihosehistci  are — ^length  43  ;  bill  from  gape  i ;  tail  1}  j  wing  2|  to  2  i,^ ; 

tarsua  J. 

Dr.  Jerdon'a  dimensions  of  Alhc-mperciliarU  are^length  4J ;  wing 
21  ;  tail  1;^;  tarsus  f.  Inasmucli  as  tliesa  are  tho  diinensiona  of 
Hodgson's  bird,  and  as  bis  drawing  exactly  reprosents  tho  North.- 
>  West  species,  I  have  no  hesitation  in  putting  Alho*6upereiUari9  aa  a 
synonym  of  Xanthoschuto9,  Abramii  Jerdmi  ifi  tho  eastern  repre- 
sentative of  A,  Xanthoschutoi* 

Mr.  Ball  exhibited  several  birds  captured  by  him  in  the  Rod 
and  Arabian  Seas,  and  said — **  I  wish  to  make  a  few  remarks  upon 
some  birds  which  I  recently  captured  in  the  Red  and  Arabian  Seas, 
when  on  board  the  Mail  Steamer  *  Mongolia/  I  am  more  particularly 
ious  to  exhibit  them  as  they  have  been  cured  by  a  process 
what  novel.  Having  neither  the  facilitios  nor  inclination  for 
sMnning  them,  and  being  unable  to  procure  any  pure  carbolic  acid, 
I  tried  the  effect  of  injecting  them  with  common  disinfecting  fluid. 
The  result  has  been  that  tlio  birds  have  kept  admirably  and  aro 
only  now  gradually  drying  up  into  mummies.  Tho  spocimens 
include — 

Ut, — A  male  and  female  of  the  common  Tinnumulm  alaudatim^^ 
Briss.  ^^1 

2nd, — A  bird  which  I  rather  think  may  be  a  Hobby,  Hypoinar* 
cJiis  suhbuii'Of  L,,  but  if  so,  it  presents  a  very  unusual  phase  of 
plumage*     At  some  future  time,  I  hope  to  describe  it  more  fully. 

Srd. — ^A  species  of  Roller  fChraciatJ  distinct  from  botli  tho  Euro- 
pean and  Indian  birds.  It  comes  nearest  to  tho  former,  but  diifers 
irom  it  in  many  details  of  plumage.  Speaking  gonorally,  it  has  n 
more  subdued  coloration,  and  the  violet  blue  of  the  lesser  wing- 
ix>vertfi  is  not  continued^  asin  C  Garrulu^  on  to  tho  shoulders*  The 
liead  and  nook  too  are  a  dirty  green  rather  than  a  bluish  green* 
I  have  not  yet  had  time  to  ascertain  whether  it  belongs  to  a  known 
species* 

AtK — A  specimen  of  the  somewhat  rare  Sondorling,   CatidrU 
Gtenarm^  Tern.     It  came  on  board  in  the  Arabian  Sea  in  a  very 
^K  exhausted  condition. 

^H     Besides  the  above,  I  obsorved  many  other  land  birds  flying  about 
r       or  resting  upon  the  ship*     Notably  a  small  party  of  six.  ^smS^ 


250 


Proceedings  of  the  Atiatic  Society, 


wkich  kept  up  with  tho  aliip  for  two  days,  I  in  vain  tried  to 
capture  a  spocimen,  tlioy  were  observed  one  by  one  to  drop 
exhausted  into  the  soa.  I  am  unable  to  say  with  any  degree  of 
certainty  to  what  species  they  may  have  belonged,  but  think  it  juat 
possible  that  they  may  have  been  Olm  hrachyotm^  Gmel.  Their 
markings  and  eijse  resembled  those  of  that  bird,  they  had  laost 
decided  ear-tufta, — 

The  meeting  then  broke  up* 

Librahy. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  library  slnoe 
meeting  hold  In  October  last* 

Ptaentatiom, 
^•,  Names  of  Dcinora  in  Capitals. 

Journal  Asiatique,  No.  G2. — Socie'te'  Asiatiqite,  Pabis. 

The  Quarterly  Joui-nal  of  the  Geological  Society,  No.  107. — \ 
Geological  Society  of  Loxbon. 

Join'ual  of  the  Chemical  Society,  May,  June,   and  July,  1 87: 
The  CnEincAL  Society  of  London. 

Monatsberichfc  der  K,  Pr.  Akademie  der  Wissenschaften,    Julji 
1871. — ^K.  pR.  Akademie  beb.  WissExscnAFTEN  zu  Berlin, 

Momoires  de  la  Soci^to  des  Sciences  Naturelles  de  Cherbourgfi 
Tome  xv.^ — Sooie  'te'  des  SctEifCEs  Natttrelles  db  OflERuocrRo. 

^eitschrift  der  Beiitachen  Morgenlandischen  Gesellschaffc, 
xxv,  Heft.  1,  2.^TnE  Editors. 

Indische  Studien,  yon  Dr.  A.  Weber,  Band  xii. — ^The  auhk 

Wiasenschtiftlicher    Jahresberieht   iiber   dio    Morgenltlndii 
Stndion,  1862  bis  1867,  von  Dr,  E.  Qosche.— Tjie  autoob. 

Eeview  of  Christian  Literature  in  India,  during  1870,  by  J. 
doch,  LL.D. — The  Auxnon. 

Account  of  the  Operations  of  the  Great  Trigon.  Survey  of  Im 
vol.  L,  hj  Col.  J.  T.  Wulkor,  R,  E,— The  Surv*  Gj^^eral  of  In'Dla.. 

Selections    from    the    Itecords  of    the    Govern,  of  India,  No* 
LXXXin. — The  GovEHNiktEA-T  of  India,  Hoate  Detartment* 

Numismatic   Chronicle,    Part  II,    1871. — American  Joumi 
Science,   August,   September,    1871. — Rovuo  Am  Doui    Mondefl, 
Sept.  1871. — Comptes   Bendus,  9,  10. ^Journal  des  Savants,  Ji 
August,  1871. 


PEOCEEDINOS 

or   TUB 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOR  Becemsse^  187  L 


A  meeting  of  iho  Society  was  held  on  Wednestlay,  tUo  Gtli  in* 
stant  at  9  oMuck  p,  m. 

1\  Oldlmm,  Esq.,  LL.  D.,  Yioe-President,  m  the  chair. 
The  mmntes  of  tlie  lust  meeting  were  read  and  couiii'iued. 

Tlie  following  presentations  were  announced — 
L     Prom  the  GoTernment  of  India  in  the  Homo  Deportmout,   a 
et  of  photograx>h3  of  temples,  &c.,  in  Biliar, 
Thu  fuUowlug  correspondence  accompanied  the  donation. 

I'Hm  Ahxhub  Howbll,  Esq.,   Under- Secretary  ta  ih^  ComrnmciU 

of  India. 

I  am  directed  to  forward,  for  tlie  nee  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  a 

6ot*  of  photographs   of  the  Anti- 
quities of  llehar,   together   t\it)i 


•  14>8  piottirea. 

Fj'oin  Oovoriimeot    of  Bengal  No, 


closures, 

t  From   Ditto    No,  21»4,   of  2Ctk 


copies  of  the  paperu  noted  on  the 


July,  lb7l.  and  Enclosure.  mai-gin,t  containing  a   short  OO- 

count  of  each  subject  by  the  photographer. 

IVom  T.  F.  Peppb',  Esq.,  Suh-Deputy  Opium  Agent  of  O/wta- 
Nagpore^ 
I  have  the  honor  to  forward  herewith  a  concLie  notice  of  the  pho- 
With  photogmpl4«,  one  compteto  set.     tographs  of  the  antiquities  in  the 
trti.,  No9.  from  1  to  1123,  niiU  ouo  m-     Behar  division,  of  wltich  I  have 
complete   »et,    miuuii   Nod,    a»  A,  C,  n    i    «        - 

16,  lU,  ly,  2ii,  23,  26,  28,  38.  Hw.  negatives,  as  called  fur  m  your 
7l:7^7%f"»b/«1.1f98,"iS  !«"-  N..  66,  dutod  22nd  July. 
106|  107,  lutt,  lus?,  Ill,  11^,  111,     and  ahio  one  ogmplete  sot  of  those 


1152 


Proceedingi  of  the  Aiiaiic  S&ciHy* 


p>w. 


122,  123*39  which  will  bo  aetit  on 
their  arrival  from  Calcutta. 
Total  B€iit — 
Large  ...  »    102 

BujaU  •*  ••   105 


Totca 


207 


mentioned  and  nnmbared  accord*^ 
ing  to  the  doseriptions.  The 
Shahabod  pbotogTaphs  are  no|| 
included  in  tlie  above,  as  I  Kavo 
unfortunately  no  copiea  of  thenu 
Afl  soon  as  they  are  recoived,  the 
eopios  and  dGscriplions  will  be  forwarded. 

2,  I  also  forward  aomo  duplicate  copies,  which  will  be  complet- 
ed as  soon  as  tho  remaining  copies  are  received  from  Calcutta, 
This  therefore  makes  three  copies  of  the  photographs  more  or  leae 
complete.  I  regret  to  state  tho  sets  could  not  be  supplied  complete 
at  once  \  but  as  this  could  not  be  done,  care  will  be  taken  that  the 
missing  ones  ai*e  hereafter  eent. 

3,  In   the  meantime,  I  would  beg  to  stnte  that  I  have  been  put 
to  considerable  expense  iu  having  them  printed  in  Calcutta,   and 
that  as  so  many  more  are  still  retiuired  to  complete  the  seven  copie 
of  each,  I  would  beg  that  an  advance  of  lis.  600  be  given  to  enablo"" 
me  to  have  them  printed* 

4,  My  transfer  to  Chota-Nagpore  has  prevented  me  from  taking 
negutivea  of  some  of  the  antir|uitios  still  remaining  to  bo   phot 
graphed,  and  would  beg  to  mention  them  for  your  guidance ; 

The  tower  at  Gimak. 

Tho  fort  at  Behar, 

The  rock  sculptures  at  Pabuttee,  east  of  Girriak. 

6»    I  have  also  included  some  co]iios  of  negatives  of  Chumpnrtii 
which  are  probably  not  refiuired.     In  that  case  they  can  be  returuJ 
ed,  and  so  much  of  tho  description  as  applies  to  them  may  be  cut 
tailed, 

Gta* — There  are  a  great  many  interesting  structures  and  re* 
mains  of  antiquity  in  and  about  Gya,  as  it  has  been  a  place  of  coxi<« 
Bid  crab  lo  importance  for  many  centui'ies.  Unfortunately,  during 
this  time,  there  have  been  at  least  two  changes  of  religion,  and  ve 
few  of  tho  older  structures  are  now  intact ;  for  ae  the  buildings 
tlie  deeertod  faith  were  at  hand  and  readily  available,  they  were 
used  in  Jfie  eonstruction  of  buildings  belonging  to  the  prevalent 
religion.  On  rare  occasions  only  was  a  new  temple  built  of  fresh] 
materials*     With  tlie  exception  of  tlie  temple  of  Yi^hnu  Pad,  aU-I 


isn.] 


ProcHdingB  of  the  Aiiadc  SoeMy* 


253 


the  other  teiMpIeg  are  either  converted  Buddhist^  or  built  with  tha 
materials  obtaiued  from  Buddhist,  buildings* 

Photographs  No$,  I  and  2. — The  tomplo  of  Vishnu  Pad,  the  larg«» 
est  and  most  important  in  Oya,  although  comparatively  modern,  is 
a  most  imposing  structure,  but  its  condued  situation  prevents  a 
good  photograph  being  obtained  of  it.  It  fronts  the  east,  and  tho 
f(i{'(td<t  is  very  strikiug,  although  greatly  diaiigurod  by  ragged  pnr« 
dabs,  &o. 

2^0.  3. — To  the  south  of  the  temple,  and  almost  touching  it,  thero 
is  a  handsome  pillared  hall,  where  tlie  bare  rock  shows  itself ;  in 
fact,  the  pilliira  are  let  into  tlie  solid  rock  for  a  foundation. 

iV^a.  4.-^Alongside,  to  tho  north,  is  the  temple  of  Gadadliur  or 
mace-bearer,  which  must  have  been  a  fine  stone  temple,  but  hag 
been  modiGed  and  ronoTred  at  a  comparatively  late  date,  and  a 
number  of  Buddhist  figures  are  collected  in  and  around  it. 

iVo.  6. — ^In  front  of  the  Vishnu  Pad  and  Gadadhur  temples  ia  the 
holy  plaee  whore  the  pilgrims  bathe  in  the  Fulgo,  which  forms  a 
priucipEil  part  in  the  ceremony  of  Pind^  for  which  so  many  pilgrims 
annually  visit  Oya  from  all  parts  of  Hindustan  and  Nipal. 

Kos,  6  and  7. — The  old  t^jwn  of  Gya  is  picturesquely  situatod  on 
a  rocky  ridge  running  along  the  bank  of  tho  Fnlgo.  Photographs 
Nos.  6  and  7  conjointly  show  the  whole  river  front  of  the  old  town 
of  Gya,  with  its  background  of  hills,  and  the  nearly  dry  bed  of  the 
river  in  the  foreground. 

Ko$,  8  and  9, — Are  views  of  the  old  town  from  tho  Bam  Oya  hill 
on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Fulgo,  and  the  village  of  Selempur 
in  the  foreground. 

jYo*.  10  and  IL— The  town  extends  from  the  banks  of  the  Fnlgo 
to  tlie  foot  of  the  hills,  occupying  in  fact  the  wh(de  vaUey  between; 
No.  1 0  is  the  view  looking  west  from  the  high  bank  of  tho  river, 
and  No.  11  is  the  view  looking  north, 

Nos.  12,  18,  and  14.— The  southern  extremity  of  the  town  occu- 
pies a  rocky  eminence  which  commands  the  greater  part  of  the 
town,  and  No-  12  is  a  view  looking  north  from  this  point,  and  Nos* 
13  and  14  are  views  looking  south  and  west. 

Nos.  15  and  16, — The  peculiar  priesthood  oF  Gya,  the  U^'awals, 
without  whose  assistance  no  ceremony  is  olfectivo,  Imvu  their  houses 


U4 


Proccedinffs  of  ihs  Aaiatie  ISoeidt/. 


on  the  banifi  of  the  river,  and  in  tho  most  prominotit  aitos  witliiD 
the  city,  but  they,  I  believe,  are  reatricted  to  cortain  portions  of  it 
riiotograpbs  Nob.  15  and  16  aro  some  of  thoir  housos  along  th^ 
banka  of  the  Fnlgo,  many  of  tliem  five  and  six  storios  high  and 
very  old. 

No9.   1 7   and  1 8.^ — To  the  south  of  the  town  the  range  of  hill 
which  snrroimds  the  town  ends  in  a  conical  hill  called  Bx^ahmajoE 
which  is  considered  of  great  sanctity.     There  is  a  temple  on 
summit  dedicated  to  the  sakti  or  femalo  energy  of  Brahma,  bon 
the  name.     It  is  approached  by  a  flight  of  stone  stops  leading    uj 
from  below.     The  liill  itself  ia   450  feet  high,  and  is  a  promiueij 
object  ia  approaching  Gya  from  every  direction.     It   is  one  of  th 
principal  places  which  must  be  visited  by  the  pilgrims  who  como 
perform  the  ceremony  of  Find* 

iYo*.  19  and  20. — Another  of  the  principal  places  of  pilgrima 
is  the  SiU'uj  Xund  and  temple.  This  is  only  a  short  distant 
from  tho  Vishnu  Pad.  The  temple  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  Gya,  and 
evidently  belongs  to  Buddhist  times.  Inside  there  is  a  valiiablQ 
inscrijjtion  dated  in  the  era  of  Buddha*s  death  or  Nirvan,  which  is 
of  great  value,  as  fixing  the  date  of  that  event.  Tho  vestibnlo  is 
formed  of  two  double  rows  of  pillars  ten  ft^et  in  height,  and  fiv© 
pillara  in  each  row.  A  great  number  of  mutilated  statues  are  lei 
into  tho  walls  on  either  Ride. 

iVcp.  2L — Another  place  which  must  be  visited  by  all  pilgrims  i 
the  tank,  or  Kund  Petta  Mahaswar,     Tlie  present  buildings 
quite  modem,  but  a  great  number  of  Buddhist  statues  are  coUecte 
in  and  around  them. 

JVm.  22  and  23.— The  final  ceremony  of  Pind  is  performed  at ' 
Achybor  temi>le  which  ia  situated  near  the  foot  of  the  Brahmajon 
hill  and  close  to  the  Rukmini  tank. 

JN'b.  24, — Gives  the  relative  positions.     The  Aohyber  tempio  i 
very  old,  and  must  have  been  a  monastery  cJiapel,   as  the  presen 
buildings,  although  mostly  rebuilt  and  altered,  seem  to  Imve  : 
c«'iginally  a  Buddhist  monastery. 

iVof .  ^25,  26,  27,  and  28.— Higher  up  the  same  hill,  which 
down  to  the  Bukmini  tank,  there  is  an  old  temple  much  in  the  sam^ 
stylo  as  the  tem^de   at  Budh    Qya,  called   Muugla  Duva,  but 


187L] 


pToeeedtngM  of  the  Asiatic  So&i^f. 


later  dato,  and  on  the  same  hill  lower  down,  on  tho  ©astern  sidei 
is  another  of  the  same  stylo  fatJing  the  Sarafivatti  tank. 

Nb9,  29  and  30. — The  modem  town  of  Oya,  or  more  pinjperly 
Saliibanj,  contains  few  strnctures  of  any  antiquity.  Tho  largest 
temple  is  a  double-spired  one,  built  by  a  wealthy  Kaist^  Fatb 
Baliadur.     Near  this  is  a  fiBO  sculptured  doorway. 

iVa,  31, — Over  one  of  tho  gateways  of  tho  town  there  is  a  fin o 
arch.  This  was  the  limit  of  the  city  aa  originally  enclosed.  It 
has,  liowever,  extended  very  considerably  to  the  north  sinco  then, 

Bmhlh  Qya  — This  plaeej  so  celebrated  in  tlie  annals  of  the 
Buddhi&t  world,  is  situated  six  miles  to  the  south  of  Gyn. 

No,  32. — Tho  great  temple  faces  the  east,  and  is  50  feet  square 
at  the  base,  and  is  160  feet  high.  Colonel  Cimningham  gives  tho 
date  of  its  erection  by  Aniara  Bova  about  500,  A.  D.  It  is  remark- 
able as  being  the  fiuest  brick  structure  still  standing  in  India. 

No*  33. — To  the  west  of  the  temple  itself  is  tlie  famous  Bodhi 
Drum,  or  tree  of  knowledge,  famous  throughout  the  Buddhist 
world  as  the  tree  under  which  8nkya  Siagha  sat  for  six  years,  and 
IB  still  visited  by  pilgrims  from.  Biirmah,  Ceylon,  &o.  It  ia 
Raid  to  have  been  rooted  out  by  a  Brahmanist  king,  Sasanka^  and 
renewed  by  his  contemporary  tho  Buddhist  Puma  Yarmma. 
Only  one  large  branch  is  now  alive  and  from  all  appearances  it  will 
not  last  much  longer.  Kxcarations  made  some  years  ago  under  tho 
auspices  of  the  Asiatic  Society  showed  that  the  whole  temple  was 
surrounded  by  a  Buddhist  railing  similar  to  the  one  at  Sanchi. 
This  shows  conclusively  that  the  present  temple  occupies  the  exact 
Bite  of  the  original  one,  as  those  railings  bear  inscriptions  in  the  an- 
cient Pali  of  tho  time  of  Asoka. 

iVa.  34. — The  front  of  the  temple  which  faces  tho  east  is  in  very 
bad  repair,  and  large  masses  come  down  every  rainy  season.  In 
a  few  years  tho  aspect  of  this  side  will  be  entirely  changed.  Tho 
porch  in  front  has  now  nearly  disappeared  ;  oidy  portions  of  the 
arch  of  its  roof  adhere  to  the  said  walls.  The  peculiarity  of  this 
portion  is  the  Lehra  or  horizontal  arch  to  the  third  story,  and  tho 
radiating  arches  on  the  second  stoi-y,  ^ 

No^  35. — In  front  of  the  building  there  is  a  small  arched  doorway 
leading  into  the  courtyard,  in  which  m  the  Buddlia  Pad,  or  impres- 


2ao 


Proc^in^s  qf  th4  Aiiaiie  SocUtjf, 


[D« 


Bion  of  Buddha's  feet,  to  which  offenogB  are  made  by  all  clajises  « 
pilgrims,   as  also  to  the  Buddha  tree,  but  none  of  the  orthodoa 

Uter  the  temple  itself* 

No.  36. — Tlie  south  side  of  tho  temple  is  in  the  best  preservation,' 
and  mnuy  of  the  niches  still  coiltain  plaster  figures  of  Buddha,  but_ 
in  many  they  ore  wanting* 

No,  37. — On  the  same  side  a  deep  excavation  made  to  follow 
the  railings  disclosed  the  original  plinth  of  the  temple  in  tolerably 
preservation.  This  has  since  been  fiUed  up.  It  showed  that  th^ 
general  level  of  the  roxirtyard,  and  the  surroimdiog  part  was  cnnJ 
siderably  above  tho  plinth  which  must  have  been  approached  bj 
steps,  instead  of  descending  to  it,  as  at  present,  through  the 
arc  hod  passage  ia  front. 

The  arches  in  t!io  front  supporting  the  entrance  and  roof  of  thfl 
first  and  second  story  have  attracted  considerable  attention ,  and  i^ 
has  been  doubted  whether  they  were  true  radiating  arches,  and 
whether  they  were  part  of  the  original  buibiing.  Both  these 
doubts  have  been  cleared  away,  but  it  is  still  a  problem  how  thej 
came  to  be  built^  and  it  has  cast  great  doubts  on  the  assigned 
of  tlio  buikling  itself.  Fergnsson  has  decided,  principally  on  th€ 
fact  of  those  arches,  that  the  building  cannot  be  of  the  age  assigned 
to  it  by  Colonel  Cunningham,  as  it  is  quite  anomalous  to  find 
arches  in  a  purely  Hindu  structure  of  such  an  early  date,  Tho 
fact,  however,  remains,  and  there  seems  no  other  solution  to  i| 
than  that  the  Hindus  did  understand  the  principle  of  tlie  ar 
but  only  resorted  to  it  In  structures  of  brick,  very  few  of  whicli 
are  now  left. 

No.  3H. — Inside  the  little  cenotaph,  t^  the  left  of  the  entrance 
there  are  some  Buddhist  figures,  representing  Buddha  himsel 
seated  under  tho  Buddlia  tree. 

No,  39. — To  the  oast  of  the  great  temple  there  is  a  smaller  one 
of   something  of    the  same  style,  but  much  later,   dedicated 
Tara  Deva. 

BiTRBADnB. — The  group  of  hills  in  which  tho  caves  have  beemj 
excavated  is  about  sixteen  miles  to  the  north  of  Gya,  and  somfl 
two  miles  from  the  bank  of  the  Fidgo. 

No,    40, — The   most  westerly   hill   is   an   isolated   peak  called. 


187L] 


Proeeedin^a  of  ike  Aiiatic  Suciefy, 


*  Kawwa  Dol,*  or  tho  crow's  swing.  There  are  a  number  uf  large 
boulders  at  tli©  foot,  which  seem  to  have  fallen  from  the  top. 
Many  of  these  are  sculptured  with  rude  lingams,  &c.,  and  on  one 
to  tho  north-west  angle  of  the  hill  there  is  a  short  inscription, 
wliit'h,  however,  is  nearly  illegible. 

Nou  41. — On  the  east  side  of  the  hill  there  must  have  been  a 

large  temple,  some  few  pillars  of  which  are  Btill  standings   and  a 

*  gigantic  figure  of  the  ascetic  Budh,  mertsuring  eight  feet  high>  with 

a  breadth  across  the  shoulders  of  six  feet,  still  in  ita  original  poaitioD, 

witli  part  of  the  onginal  bnck  wall  behind  it. 

Ko,  42*— The  temple  itself  must  have  been  a  large  one,  but 
there  are  only  a  few  pillars  now  standing  sumowhat  apart  irom 
the  shrine  where  tho  gigantic  Budh  is*  "Whether  more  tlian  one 
structure  existed  here  it  is  difficult  to  say,  but  a  groat  many 
mounds  are  existing  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  a  large  village 
must  ako  have  existed  to  the  north-east. 

To  the  east  of  the  Kawwa  Dol  there  is  a  group  of  hiUs,  tho 
higheat  being  Burabee,  and  the  whole  group  is  called  Burrabur* 
Near  the  centre  of  the  gi*oup,  and  to  the  southi  five  oaves  have 
been  excavated  in  the  solid  granite  rock,  and  the  labour  expended 
in  cutting,  and  subsequently  poli&liing  tho  compact  granite  miist 
have  been  enormous.  There  are  three  of  these  caves  in  one 
group. 

iVi^.  43.^ — ^Tho  Sudama  and  Lomas  Hishi  are  cut  in  the  western 
face  of  the  rock ;  tho  Sudama  to  the  north,  and  the  Lomas  Illslu 
to  the  south.  The  Sudama  cave,  which  has  a  jilain  doorway,  has 
an  inscription  in  the  ancient  character  of  Asoka's  pillars,  cut  in 
the  side  of  tho  doorway.  It  records  the  excavation  of  the  cave, 
in  the  twelfth  year  of  the  reign  of  Bajali  Pyadasi,  that  is,  of  Asoka 
himself;  the  cave  therefore  dates  as  far  back  aa  2oi2  B.  C.  It 
consists  of  two  rooms,  a  circular  one  of  19  feet,  11  inches  in  dia- 
meter, and  an  outer  one  32  feet,  9  inchea  in  length,  by  196 
inches  in  breadth,  the  walls  are  6  feet,  9  inches  in  huight  from  the 
vaulted  roof,  whicJi  has  a  rise  of  5  foot,  6  inches,  making  the  total 
height  uf  tho  chamber  12  feet,  3  inches. 

No,  14. — ^The  Lonias  Rislii  is  similar  to  the  Sudama  cavo  both 
in  si2o  and  airangexiiunts,  but  tho  roof  ib  ludinishud  ;  v^lule  tho  wails 


238 


nr^M$dmg9  qfik9  Asiatic  ScKr«#/y. 


[Dw, 


and  roof  of  the  Sudama  oavo  are  liiglily  polighod.    The  doorways  t 
botli  oaves  are  of  the  Egyptian  atyle,  but  the  porch  of  thti  Lomfl 

Hishi  lias  been  unlarged  uud  arnumonted,  and  rojjreaents  tbo  ^blo 
end  of  a  tkatcbed  iiouse  with  a  frieze  of  elepLanta  6un*oiUidiiig  tbe 
doorway,  executed  in  a  most  artistic  manner.  Indeed  the  dramn^ 
of  the  elephants  eontrasfcs  favourably  with  the  popular  modern  repre 
eentatious  of  tbia  animal.  Colonel  Ounningbam  is  of  opinion 
thifl  porch  was  executed  at  a  later  period  than  the  cave  it 
There  is  an  inscription  in  the  porch  over  the  doorway,  of  tha 
or  fourth  centuiy  of  our  era.  It  is  curious  to  remark  that  in 
representations  found  on  the  bosses  of  the  Buddhist  i^ailing 
Budh  Gya,  there  is  a  similar  representation  of  the  gable  end  of  a 
thatched  house  forming  the  doorway  of  a  cave  also, 

iVi^.  45. — On  the  northern  side  of  the  same  granite  rock  as  the 
two  preceding,   there  is  the  third  cave  of  the  group  called 
Kama  Chopai'.     It  is  33  feet,  6^  inches  long,  by  H  feet  wide#     Th 
Bides  of  the  cave  Eire  6  feet|  1  j  inches  high,  aud  the  vaulted  roof  ] 
a  rise  of  4  feet,  B  inches,  making  the  totui  height  10  feet,  9  iuoheaJ 
On  the  outside  of  the  doorway,  there  is  an  inscription  in  the  auciu 
Pali   recording  the  excavation  of  the  cave  in  the  nineteenth  ytM 
of  the  reign  of  Itajoh  Pyadaai,  that  is,  of  Aisoka  himself-      TUa 
cavo,  therefore,  dates  as  hr  back  as  24d  B.  0.     To  the  east  oft 
doorway  the  rock  has  been  cut  away,  and  several  rude  sculpturos' 
bave  been  executed  on  Uio  sciuped  face  represouting  a  liuga  and 
two  rude  Brahminical  ligurefi. 

ITo*  46» — The  group  of  hills  nearer  the  Fulgo  river,  and  about" 
half  a  mile  to  the  east  of  the  Burrabur  group,  is  eallod  Nagarjiuu* 
There  are  several  caves  in  this  group.  Tbe  largest  is  cut  in  tfat 
southern  face  of  a  rocky  ridge,  and  is  approached  from  below  by 
flight  of  rude  stone  steps.  The  height  of  the  cavo  doorway,  abov« 
the  level  of  the  plains,  is  about  50  feet.  The  cave  itself  measure 
4G  feet,  5  inches  long,  by  19  feet,  2  inches  bi'oad,  both  ends  be 
Be  mi -circular,  and,  in  the  inscription  on  the  doorway  in  the  ancient 
character  of  Asoka^s  edicts,  tho  cave  is  eallod  the  *  Gopi^s'  cave,  aac] 
was  executed  by  Dasaratha  on  his  acceesion  to  the  throne.  **  TUo 
Gopi*s  cavo,  an  abode  lasting  as  the  sua  aud  moou,  was  caused  i 
bu  ujfccavulLMl  by  Dasarathai  beluved  of  the  Devas,  on  his  accesmon^l 


1871.] 


Proegadinga  of  the  Asiaik  Sachtt^, 


25a 


as  a  hermitage  for  ike  most  devoted  Bhadantas  (Bud>liiUt 
ascetics)."  Dasaratha,  acoording  to  tlia  Vishnu  Parana,  was  the 
grandson  of  Asoka,  and  aa  the  son  of  Aaoka^  SayasuSi  only  reigned 
eight  years,  the  acceBsiou  of  Daaaratha  must  have  taken  place 
in  214,  B.  0. 

I  iVW*  47  and  48. — The  other  caves  in  the  Naguijuni  group  are 
aituated  in  the  northern  aide,  and  on  the  southern  face  of  a  rocky 
ridge,  running  parallel  with  the  Nagarjnni  hill,  there  are  twa 
eaves,  one  to  the  west  being  nearly  hidden  in  a  recess,  and  has  its 
entrance  facing  the  east.  The  cave  itself  is  16  feet,  4  inches,  by 
4  feet,  3  inches,  and  there  is  a  rude  brick  wall  running  across  it, 
diviiiing  it  into  two  rooms,  which  has  been  done  by  eioine  late  occu- 

I  pant^  eaid  to  have  been  a  Musahnan  fakir.  There  is  an  inscrip* 
tion  in  ancient  Pali,  in  which  the  cave  is  called  Vadithi-ka-Kubha, 
the  rest  being  letter  for  letter  the  same  as  the  inscription  in  the 
6opi  cave ;  the  date  is  therefore  the  same. 

iVa,  49* — The  eastern  cave  has  a  small  porch  6  feet  long  by  5  J 
feet  broad,  and  the  doorway  ia  Egyptian,  like  all  the  doors  of  these 
eaves.  The  cave  itself  is  1 1  feet,  3  inches,  by  16  feet,  9  inches  long ; 
the  roof  is  vaulted,  10  feet,  6  inches  in  total  height.  There  is  an 
inscription  on  the  porch  in  the  andent  character  of  Asoka's  ediete, 
in  which  the  cave  is  called  Vapiya*ka~Kubha,  or  the  well  cave»  The 
inscription  is  word  for  word  the  same  as  that  on  the  Gopi  cave,  eo 
that  the  date  is  the  same,  214  B.  0.  In  &ont  of  the  cave  there  ia 
a  large  well  9  feet  in  diameter.  From  various  inscriptions  on  these 
oaves  it  would  seem  that  they  have  been  at  various  times  occupied 
by  Buddhists  and  Brahmnnists,  but  were  originally  excavatL*d  for 
Buddhist  ascetics  by  the  kings  Asoka  and  Dasai-utha,  in  the  thii'd 

I  tjentury  B/C.  About  the  third  or  foui'th  century  of  our  era,  the  kings 
Sardula  Varma  and  Anunta  Varma  placod  Bruliminii.ai  images  ia 
tliree  of  them,  and  subsof^ueutly  Mussuloian  fakirs  took  posses- 
sion of  them.  They  are  now,  and  have  been  fur  many  years, 
uninhabited, 

Nos,  50  and  51, — Alongside  the  Tapiya  cave  there  is  a  curious 
boulder  poised  on  two  others,  and  the  cavity  UiMh  formed  had  beuu 

[built  up  into   a    grotto    no   doubt    for   Buddhist  ascetics.    The 

[Kaguijuni  hills  ai'o  6ome  little  distance  from  the  Burrabur  group, 


260 


Proceedings  of  ih  Afiaiic  SiH'ieiy, 


im 


and  No.  51  is  a  view  of  tlie  Burrabur  group  from  the  plau^ 
Irout  of  kliD  NagUTJuni  wive. 

iV^,  52, — Is  the  view  of  the  Burrabur  gronp  from  tlie  rocky  ridge 
in  wliieh  tbe  two  nortbem  cavea  are  cut,  with  tlie  Biirrabur  peak 
and  temple  in  the  centre. 

Dhjlrawut.  iVb«.  53  and  54. — Dliarawut  lies  immediately  to  th© 
north  of  the  Burrabur  liills,  about  1|  miles  distant.  There  ore 
large  and  extensive  moimds  in  and  aronnd  the  present  large  villajje, 
and  a  large  tank  called  Chandohur  Tal|  which  is  some  2,000  fe^ 
long  by  800  feet  in  width,  evidently  as  old  as  the  Buddhist  monaa* 
tenes  which  existed  here,  On  the  banks  of  the  tank  tber^  is  i 
little  temple,  near  which  there  is  a  fine  standing  figure  of 
famous  Bnddhisatra  Avalokiteswara,  the  Pudma  Pani  af 
Tibetans,  and  is  always  represented  with  a  lotus  in  his  hand. 

Nos.   55  and  5&. — From  the   little  hill  to  the  south  of  the  tiinkt 
which   is   covered   with   brick   and   stone  rubbish,   eome   curi^? 
Bculptures  were  obtained  by  the    villagers   searching  for  bricli 
representing  various  object*  of  Buddhist  worship. 

Nair.  No.  57. — Nair  is  on  the  Patna  and  Gya  road,  westfron 
Dharawut,  and  about  twenty  miles  from  Crja.  There  is  a  pil 
temple  close  to  the  road  very  much  in  the  same  style  as  the  temple 
at  Poonawa.  It  consists  of  three  rows  of  monolithic  pillars, 
pillars  in  each  row.  Fronting  the  temple  there  is  a  further  roi 
of  four  pillars.  The  temple  or  shrine  behind  consists  of  brick  aui 
mud  cement,  hut  verj  little  of  it  is  now  standing  ;  the  6up©rstr\u> 
ture  is  entirely  gone,  and  none  of  tlie  temples  of  this  form  aro 
sufficiently  complete  to  allow  of  a  conjecture  as  to  their  origmal 
form.  The  roof  of  the  portico  and  the  shrine  is  composed  of  large 
granite  slabs,  a  linga  now  occupies  the  shrine,  and  there  ia  a 
mutilated  figure  of  Gauesh  lying  outside. 

Judging  by  the  size  of  the  mound,  and  the  part  of  the  shrink 
remaining,  the  temple  must  have  been  a  lofty  one.  The  brick 
are  large  and  well  made,  although  inferior  in  this  respect  to  thos 
used  in  the  construction  of  the  Buddha  G}'a  temple.  It  is  probable 
that  the  temple  dates  about  700  A,  D. 

No,  68. — Shows  the  temple  from  the  east,  with  the  remaiae  of 
the  shrine  and  mound  of  brick  rubbish. 


187LT 


Proeeedin^B  of  the  Aiiatie  Sitckii/^ 


2ai 


Pali.  No.  59, — About  sevon  miles  nearer  Gya,  on  the  Patna 
road,  there  is  a  large  mound  witli  a  smiill  modern  temple.  Near 
this  is  a  large  slab  with  a  representative  of  tlie  same  group  of 
figures  as  at  Koch  DaptUoo,  &c. 

KrsPA.  Nog,  GO  and  G I.— This  'place  is  nearly  west  from  Nair, 
about  six  miles.  There  are  large  mounds  there,  and  a  vei'y  fine 
standing  statue  of  Sakya  Singha  as  a  teacher  with  the  Buddhist 
creed  in  an  inscription  round  the  head.  Near  the  above  there  is  a 
large  four-armed  figure  sitting  on  the  shoulders  of  another  squat- 
ting figure.  This  figure  is  quite  unique;  this  being  the  only 
specimen  of  the  kind  to  be  found  in  the  district,  it  is  not  known  to 
what  it  refers. 

No,  62- — There  is  also  a  curious  sculptured  bloi'k,  which  it  is 
diiRcult  fjo  make  out  to  what  it  belonged.  It  fould  not  have  been 
tho  base  of  a  li agn,  as  that  is  invariably  inserted  into  the  yoni, 
whereas  in  this  case  there  is  no  place  for  insertion. 

Oenjajt.  No,  63, — ^About  a  mile  and  a  half  from  liispa  to  the 
north-east,  there  is  a  village  called  Genjan  on  the  top  of  a  large 
mound.  Here  there  is  a  very  fine  statue  of  Budtlha  the  ascetic, 
with  representattons  of  the  birth,  teaching,  and  death  or  Nirvana 
of  Sakya  Singha  in  small  figures  surroimding  it,  Thi*?  is  oae  of 
the  best-executed  sculptures  in  tlae  district,  and  altlamgh  muish 
mutilated  and  broken,  it  is  of  considerable  interest. 

Bajgebr.  No.  64. — Kajagriha  is  one  of  the  few  places  about 
which  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  its  identity,  and  was  visited  by  tho 
Chinese  pilgrims,  Fa-Hian  in  the  fourth  century,  by  11  wen  Thsang 
in  tiie  sixth  century*  They  both  visited  the  *  Son  Bundar*  cave, 
famous  in  Buddhist  annals  as  the  spot  where  the  first  Buddhist 
eynod  was  held  in  a  temporary  building  in  front  of  it,  by  Ajatasntru, 
Eajah  of  Magadha,  There  is  an  inscription  ctit  on  it  not  later 
then  200  A.  !>.,  but  the  cave  itself  is  prtdwiblj^  older.  It  measures 
34  feet  long  by  17  feet  wide,  and  is  cut  iu  the  solid  rock,  but  is 
neither  smoothed  nor  polished. 

No.  65* — The  cite  of  the  aiiLiijiit  ciiy  is  now  overgrown  with 
brushwood,  and  is  surrounded  by  hills  ia  every  direction.  A 
small  elevation  in  tho  centre  marks  the  cite  of  a  monastery  chapaL 
View  65  in  lookiug  cast  from  the  door  of  die  oave. 


264 


Procfsditigi  of  t/te  Asiatic  Sacht^. 


[Dl! 


ortJiodox.     Notwitlistandiwg  tliat   there  is  a  linga  now  occupying 
tho  ehrine,   the  buililiDg  itseli'  is  by  popular   tradition  the  work  « 
Xol  Eajahs  (a  generic  name  for  the  aboriginal  races).     This  ba 
odour  with  the  orthodox  would  seem  to  prove  its  Buddhist  origic 

A^o.  80. — Four  mii^a  east  of  Konch,  on  the  same  road,  there  ia 
village  called  Pali,  where  there  must  have  been  some  large  tompU 
only  a   few  pillars  of  whit'h  are  now  standing.     It  must  have  bee 
of  the  same  style  as  those  at  Nair  and  Poonawa, 

iVb,  81. — The  sculjitured  doorway,  part  of  which  is  lying   under 
a  tree  close  by,  closely  resembles  the  hno  rme  at  Poonawa. 

Seharee.     No,  82, — About  eight  miles  west  of  Konch,  near  tl3 
village  of  Seharee,  there  ia  a  small  stone   temple  on  the  roadside  J 
it  is  constructed   entirely   of  Chunar  atone,  and  was  completed  , 
Chuoar  and  eent  down  fit  for  erection.     It  is  now  the  pride  of  1 
little  hamlet  where  it  stands. 

OoMGA. — This  place  is  situated  within  a  mile  of  the  dkk  bungalo^ 
of  Madunpore  on  the  grand    trunk  road,  and  fourteen  miles  we 
of  Shergbati. 

No,  83. — ^The  temple  ia  built  on  a  rocky  spur  of  one  of  the  high 
est  hiUs  overlooking  tho  grand  ti'unk  road,  and  is  built  entirely 
equared  granite  blocks  without  cement  and  ia  in  excellent  preservi 
tion.     The  height  of  the  temple  fi'om  the  rock  to  the  crest  is  abou 
60  feet,  the  extreme  length  from   east  to  west  is  63  feet,  and   the 
breadth  o3  feet 

No,  84, — To  the   north    and  south   there   ore   balconies   whicli_ 
^ve   the  temple  a   distinctive   character,    and   mai-ks  a  trauaitic 
from  tlie  oiicij  pillared  portico  which  had  previously  been  tho  ruU 
as  at  Poonawa,  Nair,  and  Pali. 

No.  83. — The  large  porch  in  fi'ont  was  entlroly  enclosed,  and  wn 
lighted  by  these  side  balconies,  the  interior  lias  a  very  imposing  ai 
pearance,  and  the  monolithic  pillais  with  bracket  capital   is  a  de 
ded  advance  from  plain  column  with  cross  brackets. 

No,  86, — Inside  there  ia  a  large  slab  of  blat^k  chlorite  with  a  lotij 
inscription  recording  the  building  of  the  temple  by  Bhairub  ludra  ig 
Sambat  1496,  i\  e,,  A.  D.  1439,  on  Thursday,  the  light  half  of  t 
moon  Bysac'k,  and  was  dedicated  to  Jftgamath,  Balbhadru,  and 
Subhadra.     The  shrine  is,  however,  occupied  by  a  Huga, 


1871.] 


Praceeditt 


•  Asiatic  SaciHtf, 


265 


X{o.  87.— To  the  south  of  tlie  temple  tli ore  is  a  fino  large  tank 
with  a  flight  of  stone  steps  on  the  east  side  nearest  the  fort,  part  of 
of  which  is  stiU  standing  north  and  south  of  the  tank.  Several 
mouDtls  indicate  the  position  of  the  town. 

No,  88*— Higher  up  the  same  hill  on  which  the  temple  is  bnilt, 
and  on  the  summit  of  a  higher  ridge,  there  is  a  curiouii  little  altar 
with  a  huge  hoiilder  alongmde  it.  Under  the  boiilder  sacriiiL'es  of 
kids  and  other  animals  are  still  made.  Every  available  ledge  and 
spur  on  this  liill  seems  to  have  been  occupied  by  similar  etrmitures, 
and  there  are  also  a  groat  number  of  figiu*efl  and  lingams  both  on 
this  and  the  adjoining  hills. 

jV^t,,  89*— Htill  higher  up,  and  also  facing  the  east^  are  the  ruins 
of  another  temploi  nearly  as  large  as  the  one  lower  down,  and  in 
the  same  style,  but  nearly  the  wliole  of  the  superbtructure  has  fallen 
down.  iJn  the  path  between  the  two  templi-n  there  are  several  in- 
scriptions cut  on  the  faoe  of  the  rock,  but  £rom  the  textun^  of  the 
granite  they  are  nearly  illegible. 

On  the  hill  opposite  the  duk  bungalow  there  is  a  small  temple  and 
tank  which  are  of  a  much  earlier  date,  and  the  bricks  and  style  re- 
semble those  at  Budh  Gya.  In  this  case  also  the  chamber  has  an 
arched  roof. 

Deo,  Na.  90, — Deo  is  twelve  miles  to  the  west  of  Oomga,  and 
there  is  a  very  fine  temple  here.  It  is  in  the  same  stylo  as  those  at 
Oomga  and  like  these  built  of  squared  blocks  of  stone.  This  temple, 
liowever^  ftu:es  the  west,  and  has  been  higlJy  omamenti^d*  There 
\  no  inscription  on  the  temple^  but  it  may  be  of  a  somewhat  earlier 
flat©  than  those  at  Oomga. 

Nn.  91, — This  place  is  also  tho  residence  of  the  Maharajah  Jai 
Pergash  8ingh,  K.  c.  s,  i.  His  palace,  a  large  rambling  biuliling,  is 
quite  modern. 

BaiDOE  ovEja  the  Pookpook  Eiv£R.  No.  92, — The  bridge  ov«r 
the  Poonpoon  river,  where  it  crosses  tho  grand  trunk  road  between 
Muddunpore  and  Baroon,  is  given  simply  to  show  the  character  of 
the  scenery  on  this  part  of  the  country.  The  Poonpoon,  which  Is 
here  only  a  few  miles  from  ita  sourcei  is  a  mean  little  stream,  but  as 
it  collects  the  whole  of  the  rainfall  between  the  Sone  and  Morhur 
rivers,  it  beoomes  towards  Patna  a  large  river,  which  lays  the  coun- 
txy  under  water  for  many  miles  to  the  south-east  of  Patna. 


tM 


Prtettdingi  of  tht  AUatie  Somvfy. 


[1 


CnsoN* — Id  situated  north-east  of  Oomga,  about  eight  miles.  A 
large  number  of  isolated  little  hilla  are  dotted  over  the  country  for 
some  distance  north  of  the  grand  trunk  road«  Monj  nf  these  largis 
masaes  of  granite  are  not  shown  in  tlie  revenue  m^^p^-  Nearly 
every  one  of  these  hilk  had  little  structures  of  some  kind  on  thei 
summits. 

Nm.  93  and  04. — To  the  east  of  the  village  of  Cheon  thnrH  tu-u  the 
ruins  of  a  temple  of  coiiisidorablo  size  built  of  squarod  granite  black 
without  eemont.  It  is  now  in  ruiusi  only  part  of  the  shrine  aad 
dtwrway  romiiiuing. 

The  intt^rior  of  the  shrine  is  occupied  by  a  linga,  and  there  n2tm 
no  inscriptions ;  but  from  its  general  resemblance  to  the  temples  at 
Oomga  it  may  be  considered  as  of  the  same  date, 

Nt*]t,  95,  96,  and  97. — To  the  south  of  this  temple,  and  to  tli« 
east  of  a  little  hill  there  is  a  line,  life-sized  f(mr*armed  dtatue  willi 
many  fragments  of  others,  also  soveral  mounds  and  massea  of  brlokt 
rubbish  on  ^Yeiry  side.  About  300  yards  to  the  west,  on  auothor 
little  hill  called  Puchar,  there  is  a  cave  abuut  half  way  up  the  hill. 
It  is  a  natural  hollow  which  ha^  been  built  up  endosiug  a  oliambor 
BOme  10  feet  by  12,  with  a  doorway  supported  on  bracket  pi 
Inside  there  is  a  figure  of  Budh  surrotiiided  by  a  seven-bvi 
snake  called  '  lungabeer.*  There  is  also  a  iigure  of  Mahamaya,  Uie 
mother  of  Builh. 

No,  98,  — A  little  platform  has  been  constructed  in  front  of  tha 
cave,  and  a  flight  of  rude  steps  led  up  from  below*  The  cave  fiioea 
the  south. 

Ko,  99. — About  a  mile  to  the  south  there  is  another  duster  of 
little  hiUs  witliLU  the  boundary  of  the  viEago  of  Deokilloe  wher© 
there  are  many  little  caves  similar  to  the  one  at  Oheon«  Most  of 
them  are  filled  up.  One  curious  td tar-like  structure  crowns  tha 
sunmiit  of  a  ridge  between  two  liills  immediately  above  a  nati 
hollow  in  a  rock  which  was  used  as  a  tank. 

iVa-  100. — And  on  the  north  of  the  hiU  a  bund  has  been  tlirowS 
across  a  hollow,  thus  forming  a  large  tank,  thus  showing  that  iho 
whole  locality  had  been  one  of  some  importance.  All  these  hiUii 
must  have  literally  swarmed  witli  Buddhist  ascetics.  Judging  by 
the  great  nujubor  of  little  cavos  and  structures,  tho  remains  of 


187L] 


Proee^ingi  of  the  Aiiafio  So&ietff» 


2«t 


wliicli  now  exist,  it  is  to  bo  regretted  that  no  inscriptions  liavo  oomo 
to  liglit. 

PoojTA'VTA.  JVa,  10! . — Tills  village  is  situated  fourteen  miles  west 
of  Gya,  and  the  principal  antiqiiitj  Ss  a  pillared  temple  of  Trilok- 
nath,  wliich  haa  no  superstructure  left,  but  which,  according  to 
Major  KittoO)  was  not  the  case  when  he  visited  it  in  1847,  at  whioh 
time  a  considerable  portion  of  the  superatructure  was  still  perfe^it, 

A^o,  102.  — One  of  the  doorways  is  beautifully  carved  in  black 
chli:>Tite,  and  is  the  finest  piece  of  sculpture  of  the  kind  in  this  part 
of  the  country* 

Seetamuuee. — This  place,  which  seems  to  have  escaped  the  notico 
of  all  the  antiquaries  who  have  visited  tliis  district,  although  only 
fourteen  miles  from  Poonawa,  shows  how  difficult  it  is  to  obtain 
information  of  the  whereabouts  of  antiquitieSi  even  to  enquirers 
irho  devote  themselves  to  euuh  pursuits. 

Tlie  village  is  situated  about  a  mile  south-east  of  a  village  called 
Nadgurha  on  the  Nawadah  and  Gya  road,  and  fourteen  miles  east 
from  Poonawa. 

JV5>.  10^. — ^The  cave  is  excavated  in  a  large  block  of  granite  on 
an  open  plain ;  th<^  doorway  is  of  tho  Egvptian  fonn,  being  1  foot, 

10  inches  at  the  top  and  2  feet»  2  inches  at  the  bottom.  The  pas* 
sage  leads  into  the  cave  at  an  oblique  angle,  and  is  3  feet,  5  inches 
long.  The  chamber  itself  is  15  feet,  8  inches  along  the  floor,  and 
15  feet  aloDg  the  roof,  and    6  feet,  4  J   high   in   the   centre,    and 

11  feet,  IJ  in  width.  The  roof  is  vaulted,  and  springs  at  once  from 
the  floor.  The  whole  of  the  inside  is  higldy  polished,  and  the  rock 
is  as  compact  as  those  in  which  the  caves  are  executed  at  Burrabur* 
Curiously  enough  tbere  is  no  trace  of  an  inscription,  inaide  or  out- 
side* Inside,  from  the  high  polish  every  where,  no  inscription  could 
escape  notice;  outside,  without  a  recess  being  cut  for  its  reception, 
no  inscription  could  be  cut,  and  there  is  no  sign  of  any  such  recoss* 
Its  construction  at  any  time  must  have  been  an  adiievement  of  no 
ordinaiy  kind,  and  it  is  remarkable  that  an  inscription  should  havd 
been  omitted.  Its  date  cannot  be  less  than  those  at  Burrabur, 
which  it  so  closely  resembles.  The  form  of  the  doorway  and  tho 
polished  interior  are  conclusive,  I  think,  on  this  point. 

KcjRKmAja.     iVb.  104.^ — Is  situated  about  tlu*ee  miles  north-east 


d56 


Profiedwgs.  of  the  Atiatte  Sacififi^, 


[D« 


ofPoonawa.     Thgre  are  large   and  extensiv^e  niins  at  this  placei^ 
and  a  groat  niimber  of  statues  scattered  over  a  large  area. 

The  principal  one  is  a  figure  of  Sakja  Singlia  sitting  under  tlie" 
tree  nt  Budh  Gya,  T^ith  repreaentations  of  evonts  of  Lis  life  on. 
either  sidei  and  a  small  inscription  on  the  pedestal. 

BiranAOAoir. — ^There  is  no  place  in  this  district  where  the  ruina 
are  so   extensive,    or  on  such  a  large   scale*     Unfortunately,    tha, 
greater  part  are   hidden  under  immense  monndjs  of  brick  nibbial 
and  although  thi>  place  has  been  used  as  a  quarry  for  bricks   for 
many  years,  the  foundations  are  not  yet  reached.     The  place  is  thaj 
site  of  the  ancient  Kalanda,  according  to   Colonel   Cunningham  J 
where  the  greatest  monastery  in  all  India  existed, 

iVb.  105,^ — ^There  are  a  series  of  lofty  mounds  some  60  feet  bigh|l 
covering  a  space  1,6D0  feet  long,  by  400  foot  in  width.  The  prinJ 
eipal  ruin  is  that  of  the  groat  teniple  of  Baladitya,  which  is  said 
have  resembled  that  at  Budh  Gya,  and  must  have  been  built 
tween  460  and  500  A.  D. 

if'os,  106  and  1 07. — The  statue  enshrined  in  this  temple  was  most 
likely  the  gigantic  one  now  caUod  Bhairav*  It  is  in  a  sitting  posi- 
tion, and  is  now  collected  with  a  number  of  smaller  figures  in  a 
small  courtyard  at  the  foot  of  the  large  mound. 

Ko,  108. — To  the  north  there  is  a  large  statue  of  the  ascetic 
Budh,  with  several  inscriptions  on  it  giving  the  names  of  tkfl 
attendants, 

iVo.  109. — ^There  is  also  a  Jain  temple  in  the  same  style  as  the 
Budh  Gya  one,  and  is  therefore  of  much  tiie  same  age. 

No*  110. — At  the  adjoiniug  village  of  Jagdespore  there  is  a  ver 
fine  large  figiure  of  the  ascetic  Budh  surrounded  by  demona  and 
alliiring  females. 

Chillor, — Major  Kittoe  notices  this  place  as  the  site  of  one  of 
the  eighteen  viharas  of  Behar.  The  ruins  are  very  extensiv©,  coa-' 
fiisting  of  large  mounds,  with  many  iigures  and  sculptures. 

iVo.  1 11. — Tho  principal  one  is  of  a  beautifully  carved  one,  nearly 
life-size|  said  by  Major  KJttoe  to  be  a  representative  of  Siva,   but 
this   is  doubtfid,  as  there  is  a  small  figure  of  Buddha  in  the  hi3ail^ 
dress^  tho  outline  of  an  antelope  forms  the  upper  edge  of  the  dresi^ 
which  may  determine  what  the  figure  really  is*     The  e^tpressio 


^71.] 


Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society. 


and  attitude  of  this   fi^ire  has   more  life  in  it  than  is  general 
anioogst  ancient  sculptures. 

Dapthu. — iVo*-,  112  and  113. — Is  Bitnated  about  a  mile  inland  to 
the  east  of  the  Fulgo,  and  about  fourteen  miles  from  Gya  io  the  north. 
This  eeems  to  have  been  the  site  of  a  large  Buddliist  community, 
and  the  remains  are  extenBive.  There  are  two  temples  partly  etAud- 
ing.  The  northern  one  was  dedicated  to  Surya,  and  a  large  figure 
of  the  same  is  still  standing  inside* 

JS^o,  U4» — Botli  tomplos  seemed  to  hare  had  a  pillared  portico 
in  front,  but  which  has  since  been  built  up  with  brick.  Tlie  door 
of  the  shrine  in  the  southern  temple  is  very  fine,  and  has  been 
figured  in  the  first  volume  of  Martin's  Lulia.  Oxitside  there  is  the 
some  curious  group  of  a  prince  on  horseback  with  the  same  atten- 
dants, &o.f  08  at  Koneh,  &o.,  only  differently  arranged. 

iVof.  115  and  1 16. — The  south  of  fixe  district  of  Gya  is  bounded 
by  a  range  of  hills  which  foiin  the  boundary  between  Gya  and 
Pulnmau  near  Maharajganj.  Some  of  these  hilla  are  composed 
of  huge  masses  of  granite  of  very  suggestive  outlines.  The  most 
conspicuous  of  these  is  the  *  kotila*  or  granary,  the  curious  dome- 
like peak  of  which  is  nearly  inaccessible.  Nevertheless  on  certain 
occasions  a  light  is  observed  on  its  summit  which  would  show  that 
some  one  has  a  knowledge  of  tho  way  of  getting  up  to  the  summit, 
although  I  believe  the  revenue  surveyors  failed  to  do  so. 

Ko.  117. — The  continuation  of  the  some  hills,  and  whore  the 
Koel  river  runs  round  their  base,  and  at  tlie  point  where  the  rock 
slopes  down  into  the  river,  Hiree  large  boulders  block  the  path» 
Tliese  stones  are  said  to  have  been  collected  by  the  popular  hero 
*  Bhimsen'  for  his  *  chula*  or  cooking-place,  which  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  three  bouldei's  favours,  as  they  closely  resemble  the 
three  stones  used  by  travellers  to  rest  their  pota  on  wliilo  cooking. 

On  the  sloping  rock  which  dips  into  the  river  there  are  some 
ctiriona  worn  hoHows,  which  I  have  no  doubt  were  caused  by  the 
women  of  the  aboriginal  tribes  in  hulking  their  rice,  as  is  the 
universal  custom  amongst  the  Kol  ti-ibea  of  Chota  Kagpore,  oa 
the  wooden  instruments  for  this  purpose,  so  commonly  in  use 
elsewhere,  are  not  used  by  them.  I  could  never  obtain  any  clue 
as  to  tho  meaning  of  these  depressions  until  I  bad  soon  the  practice 


270 


Frtfceedm^i  of  tht  Atiatic  Society, 


[D. 


of  tho  Kol  worn  en,   and  it  la  known  tliat  the  aboriginal  tribe  of 
Mliars  wete  in  poeseseion  of  tli©  country  until  dispossessed  by  tlio  j 
anoestors  of  the  present  Kajput  family  of  Sonpura. 

TiRUUT.     Ko.   118. — Bukra.     This  place,  which  is  one  of  the 
banks  of  the  Gandaek  or  Naraini,  must   have  been  a  place  of  greatf 
importance,   and  has  been  identified  as  the  ancient  Taisala,     The 
printupal  antiquity  is  one  of  Asoka's  pillars  sui'inounted  by  a  lion.*! 
It  is  only   18   feet  above  the  present  level  of  the  ground,  and  27^ 
feet,  1 1  inches  above  the  level  of  the  surrounding;  fields*     Colonel 
Cunningham  made  an  excavation  down  to   the  water  level,  or  H 
feet  below  the  present  surface,  but  found  no  inscription,   and   had 
not  then  reached  the  sc^uare  base,  so  that  the  whole  length  abovo 
tbe  water  level  ia  32  feet,   and,  including  the  statue  and  capital^J 
44  feet  2  inches, 

Ifo,  119, — Immediately  to  the  north,  and  outside  the  courtyard 
in  which  the  pillars  stand,  there  is  a  ruined  brick  stupa  with  a  fine 
old  pipul  tree  growing  on  the  top.  TMs  place  ia  famous  in  Bud- 
dhist annals  as  the  place  where  the  second  Buddhist  synod  woa 
held. 

LoTTHYA  NEAB  AftE-RAj,    iVo,  120. — Between  Bukra  and  Betteah>' 
and  twenty  mil ea  north-west  of  Kesariya,  at  a  villago  callwd  Loui'ya, 
there  is  another  of  Asoka'e  pillars,  and  of  the  same  polished  oom- 
pact  sandstone.     It  is  36  J  feet  high  and  has  no  capital  j  it   13  41*8j 
inches  in  diameter  at  the  base,  and  37  J  inches  at  the  top.     It  Uaal 
fievcral  of  Asoka's  edicts  neatly  engraved   on  both  sides,  and  the 
letters  are  still  as  fresh  and  sharp  as  if  only  done  a  year  ago. 

8maoui^. — On    the   borders   of  Nepid,  nortJi-east   of  MotihariJ 
is  the  fort  of  Simroun,  the  ancient  capital  of  Mtthila.     The  : 
cover  an  area  of  sixteen  square  miles,  but  are  so  overgrown  wit 
dense  jungle  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  make  out  anything.] 
A  brick  wall  of  four  feet  thick  by  a  further  tliickness  of  10  feut  of  J 
mud,  surrouudft  the  whole.   The  bricks  used  are  lEirge,  10'  X  "'  X  2'^l 
well  burnt,  and  finely  fitted  toguther.     Within  the  outer  enclofiturd 
there  is  another,  comprising  about  live  acres;   inside  this   was  the 
palace  and  principal  buildings*  Between  tlie  two  enclosures  a  grc«t 
number   of  figures,   earviugs,    statues,   and   large  welk  buUt  witU  ' 
Btone  ai*e  scattered  all  over.     TJie  palace  and  many  of  the  principal 


187L] 


Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Saciefi/. 


27i 


btdidings  were  built  of  stiuared  blocks  of  saudstoae  3  feot  by  li. 
Some  part  of  the  waUa  aro  Btill  standing,  but  from  tho  irregularity 
of  the  upper  courses  thoy  must  have  beou  robuUt,  so  that  little 
remains  to  show  what  the  structures  original  were 

JVc)5.  121  and  122. — Some  large  figures  are  collected  near  tha 
little  modern  temple,  which  are  beautifullj  carved,  and  seem  repre- 
Bentatives  of  Surya.  Some  blabs  of  sandstone  are  collected  in  the 
same  place  which  no  doubt  formed  part  of  a  doorway,  and  executed 
in  the  very  best  taanner.  They  consist  of  several  figures  enclosed 
in  scrolls  of  lotus  stem  ia  a  most  beautiful  and  artistic  manner. 

A^o,  123.^ — An  itiscTiption  let  into  the  wall  of  the  little  temple  i» 
quite  modern,  but  I  am  convinced  this  stone  had  an  older  inscrip- 
tion which  must  have  been  obliterated  to  receive  the  modern  one* 

iVi?»  124, — This  is  a  view  of  the  rock  in  which  the  *  Kama  Chow- 
par*  cave,  at  Burrahur,  has  been  excavated,  and  showing  the 
general  appearance  from  the  east  of  the  immense  granite  block  in 
which  the  cave  has  been  excavated,  and  also  the  scarped  rock  to 
ihe  south. 

iVb.  125* — Is  a  sculptured  slab  with  a  representation  of  the  nine, 
Avatars  let  into  the  wall  of  the  porch  of  tlio  temple  at  Kouch. 

JVb*  126. — Is  a  curious  slab  with  some  carved  figures,  and  sur* 
mounted  by  some  singular  emblems  with  an  inscription  in  Sanscrit 
imilcrneath  :  unfortunately  the  inscription  is  too  much  worn  to  be 
decipherable.  The  figures  represent  a  seated  figure  in  the  centre, 
sometlung  like  a  Budh,  with  male  and  female  figures  on  either 
Bide.  The  emblems  above  are  an  open  hand  with  a  rosette  in  the 
pabu;  Uie  emblems  of  the  sun  and  moon  on  either  side.  There  are 
three  specimens  of  this  emblematical  stone  in  this  district ;  the 
present  one  is  from  the  banks  of  the  hirge  tank  at  Madiuporo  on 
tlie  grand  trunk  road  twenty-four  mllea  west  from  Sherghati, 
near  the  templo  of  Oonga ;  the  other  one  is  under  a  tree  near  that 
temple  ;  and  the  third  is  on  the  temple  of  Gtijadhur  at  Gya.  AH 
of  those  fetones  are  neaily  similar,  and  the  stone  is  the  same  in  each 
case,  viz.f  a  soft  soapstone,  and  in  consequence  the  inscription  is 
not  readiible  in  either  of  them.  From  the  style  of  workmanship 
and  the  peculiar  selection  of  this  soft  stone,  it  is  probable  that 
thtse  stones  are  the  work  of  a  dUTui'unt  race  of  people  Iroiu  the 


272 


Piroc0iiiH^i  of  the  Asiatic  Socieitf, 


[Dbc. 


cRrverg  of  the  numerous  statuoa  and  figures  generally  found  in  tills 
district  J  the  manner  in  whiok  the  hair  is  arranged  in  tho  figurea 
differs  also  ii*om  the  iisunl  Biuldhist  and  Hindi  figures.  It  ia 
believed  that  similoi*  emblems  are  I'uund  on  some  Canarese  inscrip- 
tions. 

^Tq^  127.— la  another  view  of  the  bojiutifully  executed  figure  at 
Chillor,  showing  tho  standing  figure  of  Budh,  the  teacher,  along- 
side. 

No.  128. — Is  a  view  of  the  southern  temple  at  Dapthoo ;  it  is  tho 
larger  of  tlie  two  temples,  and  a-s  it  stands  at  present  it  consists  of 
a  pillared  hall,  wliich  was  originally  open,  hut  was  subsequently 
enclosed.  The  shrine  has  now  nearly  fallen,  and  in  the  enclosed  porch 
there  are  a  great  number  of  figures  collected,  most  of  thorn  in  very 
good  preservation ;  but  the  want  of  light  in  the  interior  proven^ 
their  being  photographed. 

J\^*j.   129.*— To  the  south  of  this  temple  there  is  a  fine  stand tng  i 
figure  of  Mahamaya,  the  mother  of  Budh,  in  good  preservation 
and  well  executed  j  she  is  represented  as  four-armed,  one  hand  hold- 
ing a  water  vessel. 

Ho,  130.— Is  another  view  of  the  Tishnu  Pud,  at  Gya,  giving  the 
whole  of  the  iii>per  portion  of  the  temple,  whieh,  from  its  very  con- 
fined situation,  cannot  be  photographed  as  a  whole. 

No.  131. — Is  a  view  of  the  old  town  of  Gya  looking  west  from 
the  Vishnu  Pud  temple,  with  the  Brahmajoni  temple  and  hill  in 
the  distance. 

No,  132.^Is  another  view  of  the  fine  old  temple,  at  Deo,  giving^ ' 
a  better  view  of  the   south   side   of  the  temple,  with  part  of  tli© 
Maharajah's  palace  to  the  left, 

SlIAHAnAD« 

Sas8eram,  from  having  been  selected  by  Sher  Shah  as  Ms  reflidenca^ 

was  at  one  time  a  place  of  great  iuiportancg,  and  there  are  very 
interesting  buildings  still  in  existence,  although  from  inferior  work- 
manship many  of  them  are  in  a  very  dilapidated  condition,  and  in  a 
few  more  seasons  some  of  them  will  have  fallen. 

Not.  133  and  134. --The  prinripal  building  is  the  tomb  of  tho 
Emperor  Sher  Shah,  which  is  situated  to  the  west  of  the  town  m 


187L] 


Proc^ittgi  of  the  AniitUc  Society, 


%U 


the  middle  of  alai^e  tank.  From  the  north  side  of  the  tank  a  bridge 
leads  to  tlie  island,  on  which  the  tomb  stands  ;  it  has  partially  fal- 
len doim,  and  is  replaned  by  a  mud  embankment.  The  island  is 
raised  by  steps  from  the  level  of  the  water.  Above  thia  ia  a  wall 
30  foot  high,  surmounted  by  battlements  six  feet  high.  The  ter- 
race is  placed  obliquely  on  Uie  island,  for  what  reason  it  ia  difR- 
cult  to  say.  The  four  comers  of  the  battlements  are  formed  into 
octagonal  buildings,  forming  inside  airy  apartments-  There  are 
two  balconies  projecting  on  either  side  stipported  by  stone  brackets 
covered  by  cupolas  supported  by  four  etoae  pillars.  The  tomb  it- 
self consists  of  a  great  hall  surrounded  by  an  arcade  forming  a  gal* 
lery.  In  the  centre  of  the  great  hall  is  the  grave  of  the  king  op- 
|K)site  the  niche  for  prayer  :  the  other  graves  are  said  to  be  those 
of  favourite  officers. 

No*  135, — Sher  Shah  also  erected  a  large  monument  to  the 
memory  of  his  father  Husain  Klian  Snr,  in  the  middle  of  the 
town  ;  it  ia  enclosed  in  a  large  area  by  a  high  wall  of  cut  stone  ; 
the  tomb  is  not  ao  largo  as  that  ot  his  son,  but  like  it  consists  of  a 
large  ball  surrounded  by  an  arcade  and  covered  with  a  hondsomo 
dome, 

Eohias^arh, — Tliis  fortress  is  situated  on  the  banks  of  tbe  river 
Sone,  at  a  distance  of  some  thirty  miles  south  of  the  grand  trunk 
road,  and  occupies  the  whole  of  the  crest  of  a  nearly  isolated  spur 
of  the  great  table-land*  Buchanan  Hamilton,  in  Martinis  Imh'tf, 
states  that  this  important  fortress  derives  its  name  ^m  the  young 
prince  Rohitasiva,  the  son  Harishchandra,  a  king  of  the  family  of 
the  sun,  in  the  most  remote  period  of  Hindu  legend.  His  image, 
he  further  says,  was  worshipped  at  this  place,  until  the  time  of 
Aurungzeb.  From  the  time  of  Harishchandra  until  the  12thi 
century  of  the  Christian  era,  it  is  not  known  in  whose  possessioa 
the  fortress  remained,  but  at  this  time  it  belonged  to  Fratapa 
Devala,  father  of  the  last  Hindu  emperor,  and  it  continued  for 
some  time  subject  to  his  descendants.  The  tradition  is,  that  it 
came  under  the  Mussulman  rule  in  the  time  of  Sher  Shall,  A,  D, 
1539,  and  that  on  its  capture  he  immediately  set  to  work  on  strong- 
thiming  its  defences,  but  that  the  works  projected  were  never  com- 
pleted owing  to  his  having  discovered  a  more  favourable  situation  at 


274 


Proeefitn^i  of  the  Aiiatk  Society, 


Ct 


Bbergarh  noar  Sasseram^  where  lie  erected  a  fortress  named   after 
liimself.     When  Man  Sing^h  was  selected  as  vicei*oy  of  Boliar,  1iq| 
sele(t43d  I^^jlitaa  as  a  place  of  safety  for  his  treasure  and  fanLily,  and 
almost  the  whole  of  the  present  buildings  were  erected  by  him,  and 
this   is  confirmed   by  the  inscriptions  on  the  principal  entrance  to 
the  palace,  andWso  on  the  gateway  of  the  fortress  leading  to   thai 
main   table-land  called  the  Ketantya  gate.     From  these  it  wotildl 
appear  that  the   works   were  finished   in  the  year  1654  Sambat,^ 
or  A.  D.  1597. 

The  fortress  occupies  the  whole  of  the  plateau,  measuring  about  J 
four  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  five  miles  north  to  south  ;  butj 
&om  the  deep  windings  of  the  precipitous  crest,  the  whole  circum-'l 
ferenee  is  said  to  be  twenty-eight  miles  round. 

No.  136, — The  palace  called  the  Mahal  Sarai  extends  its  greatest 
length  north  and  south  and  the   principal  front   faces   the  west, 
where  it  overlooks  a  large  enclosure,  probably  intended  as  a  parada  i 
ground,  as  the  principal  state  rooms  have  balconies  projecting  Arom 
the  walls  overlooking  this  enclosure* 

'    No.  137. — At  the  southern  end  of  the  principal  front  is  a  large 
airohed  gateway  with  two  elephants  cut  in  the  stone  on  either  side,  j 
'wbbA  (JOnseqnootly  called  the  Hathiya  Pul.     Within  this  gate  there] 
are  several  vaults  and  recesses  for  the  oecommodation  of  the  guard  | 
and  the  officers  on  duty. 

No,  138. — Passing  through  this  gateway  the  passage  leads  inta 
a  sort  of  conrtyard;   and  immediately  opposite  the  entrance  ia  one 
of  the  finest  builLlings  in  the  whole  place.     It  was  the  public  recep*  J 
tion  room,  and  was  called  the  Barahdoware  or  twelvu  gates,  and  it  | 
is  divided  into  two  principal  hiJla,  one  behind  the  other,  with  lofby  I 
arched  roofs,  and  are  the  only  respectably  sized  rooms  in  the  whole 
palace- 

No,  139, — The  eastern  face  of  Barahdoware  is  ornamented  with 
a  double  row  of  arched  doors  giving  light  to  the  spacious  halla 
behind,  and  also  giving  a  Hght,  graceful  appearance  to  this  aide^ 
which  is  wanting  in  the  principal  front. 

No.  140. — The  northern  part  of  the  palace  seems  to  have  been] 
the  quarter   sot  aside  for   the  ladies*   apartments,   aud    fhe  chief 
building  was  surnmuded  on   tliree  sitles  by  a  flower  garden.     It 


1871.] 


^Toettdingg  of  the  Amlk  Soctettf, 


275 


was  tho  residence  of  the  cliieffl  mfoi  and  was  oaUed  the  A'iuah 
Mahall.  Photograph  No.  140  is  the  view  looking  west  with  the 
open  verandah  of  the  Takht  P^diihalii  to  tho  leflfc. 

iVa.  141, — ^Is  a  view  of  the  Bonie  building  from  tho  opposite  side 
looking  south-east.  This  building  ia  not  overlooked  by  any  part  of 
the  palace,  except  from  the  roof  of  the  Takht  Padishiihi  or  principal 
ate  room,  and  evidontly  intended  as  the  chiefs  audience  room. 
iV*o.  142. —  la  a  view  of  the  Takht  Padishihi  with  the  cupolas  on 
the  fiummit,  and  part  of  the  country  beyond  the  waUs,  which  is  very 
pretty  and  park^like. 

iVi?,  143.^ — The  inscription  over  the  principal  entrance  on  the 
inner  side  is  a  £ne  specimen  of  the  florid  style  of  Pursian  writing. 
The  inscription  is  given  both  in  Hindi  and  Persian  on  the  same 
tablet. 

M.  144.— To  the  north-west  of  tlie  palace,  where  Sher  Shah  had 
[itemplated  the  erection  of  a  citadel,  there  are  the  remains  of 
reral  very  large  buildings.  The  principal  one  is  the  tomb  of  the 
superintendent  of  the  works,  who  is  said  to  have  been  an  Abys- 
sinian slave  {HahMy  It  is  in  the  same  style  as  the  tomb  at 
Sasaeram,  and  b  now  picturesquely  overgrown  with  jungle. 

No*  145. — Between  the  palace  and  the  edge  of  the  precipice> 
there  is  a  small  ravine  by  which  the  water  from  the  tanks  above 
finds  its  way  to  the  edge  of  the  precipice  over  which  it  throws  itself 
in  a  tiny  rill,  which  is  lost  in  spray  before  reaching  the  bott^im, 
I  Prom  the  opposite  bank  of  this  ravine^  a  good  view  of  the  palace  is 
obtained. 

Nq.   146.^ — At  the  south-east  comer  of  the  table^land  there  are 

some  curious  old  buildings  constructed  ovidontly   with  the  stones 

l^om  some  still  earlier  buildings.     At  the  foot  of  a  long  Hight  of 

Steps,  leading  np  to  the  Hiudu  temphi  and  the  mosque,  is  a  amalli 

but  handsome,  temple  ascribed  to  Man  Singh. 

Nq.  147. — The  Lnl-darwaza  or  lied  Gate  seems  to  have  been  t!ie 
principal  entrance  from  the  places  below,  and  although  the  cUfls 
ai-e  ntiai4y  inaccessible  themselves,  they  have  been  strengthened  with 
works  on  a  large  scale.  The  difis  are  ^&rj  grand  and  impressive. 
Photograph  No.  147  Is  tho  yi^w  looking  south  over  tho  ridge  of 
thechtt 


276 


^the  Amtic  8meiy. 


[Di 


iVb.  148. — Tho  precipice  all  round  the  plateau  is  qtute  perpon- 
cUculor,  dipping  down  for  a  difitanoe  of  500  feet  iu  mme  placoSf 
and  nearly  double  that  distance  in  others. 

The  following  gentlemen  duly  proposed  and  seconded  at  the  lost 
meeting  wore  balloted  for  and  elected  Ordinary  Members^ — 

Cttpt,   W.   L»   Samuellfl,   Assistant   Commissioner,    Pachuniba, 

Chord  line, 
S,  E.  Peal,  Esq.,  Sibsagor,  Asam. 

The  following  gentleman  is  a  candidate  for  ballot  nt  the 
meeting^ — 

W-  D,  Butcher,  Esq,,  M.  E.  C.  S.,  proposed  by  Mr.  Q.  Nerill,  | 
seconded  by  Mr*  J.  Wood-Mason. 

The  follo^^g  gentlemen  have  intimated  their  desire  to  withdraw 
from  the  Society — 

Dr.  H.  Worth;  J*  F.  Cockbum,  Esq* ;  Dr.  J.  M.  Fleming. 

The  following  letter  from  J.  G.  Delmeeigk,  Esq.,  Biwalpindi,  was 
read — 

•  I  bog  to  inform  you  of  the  discovery  of  a  hoard  of  seventy-four^ 
Indo-Baetrian  hemidrachms  in  this  District. 

*  Of  llieso  no  less  than  fifty- eight  were  of  Menander,  viz. : — 20gj 
with  bare  head  ;  15,  with  helmetedhead  ;  22,  with  bai-e  head,  hurling* 
a  javelin.     1,  Owl  on  the  reverse.     Six  were  of  Antimachus  Niko- 
phoros,  and  ten  of  ApoHodotua,  square,  and  of  the  common  elephant 
and  bull  type. 

*  These  coins  were  recently  found  by  Sharaf,  eon  of  Najii,  cast^- 
Mochi,  age  16,  of  the  village  of  Shakarpari^  Tah(;il  of  liiwalpindij 
The  fiite  of  tlieir  discovery  is  a  ravine  five  miles  due  north  of  ] 
walpindi  on  tho  Saidpur  road-  Bharaf  waa  emx^^*^!*'*^  ^  digging 
out  the  root  of  a  shrub  when  he  accidentally  came  upon  the  coil 
in  a  hole.  They  might  have  been  in  a  pot,  which  ho  thinki 
may  have  been  broken  by  the  spade  with  which  he  was  digging^' 
but  he  saw  no  pot*  No  buildings  or  ancient  remains  are  any- 
where near  the  epot^  and  Shakarpafi  is  an  in&igniEcant  village 
with  no  pucca  buildings  or  ruins.  Tlie  finder  was  rewarded  froi 
our  local  funds,  and  the  whole  of  the  coins,  whiuh  Avere  in   por£ 


1871.] 


Pr6€e$ii^8  of  ike  Atiaiic  Saeietif, 


277 


proaervation  and  as  fresh  looking  as  if  just  issued  from  a  miat^ 
were  forwarded  for  deposit  in  the  Oeatral  Museum  at  L^or.* 


Blbi]  Bajendralila  Mitra  read  the  following  report,  for  1870-71, 
on  the  progress  ho  had  made  in  cataloguing  Sanskrit  MSS.  that 
are  found  in  private  libraries  in  Bengal. 

**I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  on  the  opera- 
tions carried  on  during  the  last  official  year  (1870-71)  for  collecting 
information  regarding  Sanskrit  manuscripts  in  native  Libraries* 

2.  The  task  of  searching  for  MSS.  during  the  past  year  was 
confided  to  the  travelling  Pandit  solely,  cirnumatancef*  not  having 
permitted  me  to  proceed  to  the  mofnssil.  The  Pandit  had,  how- 
ever, the  aid  of  the  Rev.  J*  Long  ft)r  a  time  at  Dacoti,  and  subse- 
qnently  consulted  me  regularly  about  bis  work,  fiirniiihing  me 
every  week  nominal  lists  of  whatever  MSS.  he  met  with,  and  notic- 
iag  in  detail  those  only  which  I  thought  to  be  new  or  rare. 

3.  Nearly  four  months  were  spent  by  the  Pandit  at  Dacca, 
Vikrampur,  and  other  old  towns  and  villages  in  Eastern  Bengal, 
and  most  of  the  leading  pandits  and  zemindars  of  those  places 
were  consulted.  No  one  evinced  any  disposition  to  withliold  in- 
formation or  aid.  The  Kundu  family  of  Bhagyakula  touk  groat 
interest  in  the  operations  of  the  Pandit,  Thej  eonvened  a  meet- 
ing of  the  influential  people  of  their  neighbourhood  at  th(?ir  house, 
andurged  them  to  assist  us  with  the  loan  of  MSS.    They  also 

their  sense  of  the  importaaue  of  the  undertaking  by  sub- 
scribing Rs.  1000,  towards  ita  furtherance.  The  amount  was  sent 
to  the  Government  of  Bengal,  and  has  since  boon  received  by  the 
Society.  Dacca,  however,  though  celebrated  as  a  seat  of  commerce 
for  over  two  thousand  yearS|  and  the  metropolis  of  Bengal  for  a 
time  during  the  supremacy  of  the  Muhammadaus,  never  ai-^inired 
any  reputation  for  learning,  and  does  not  contain  any  Sanskrit 
work  of  great  value.  All  the  MSS.  that  were  examined  turned  out 
to  be  such  as  are  common  everywhere,  or  of  little  iniportance.  Be- 
tween forty  and  fifty  little  treatises  were  found,  which  were  new 
to  the  Society,  and  detailed  notices  of  those  have  been  soc^ured. 

4.  On  the  return  of  the  Pumlit  from  Baooa  he  was  sent  to 
BiQsberiya  in  ZtUa  Qugli,  which  was  at  one  time  noted  as  a  seat 


278 


Procemlinga  of  the  Aiiatic  Society, 


[I 


of  Sanskrit  learning  ;   but  nothing  of  any  interest  was  met  wit 
then?. 

5.  The  Piuidit  was  tlioroforo,   after  a  tbrtnight*s  stay  at  that 
plaL'e,  Bijnt  on  to  liuidwtm  whoro  I  had  hopcxl  to  iiiid   largo  collec- 
tions of  MSS.  in  the  Library  of  the  MaMrAji  and  the  pandits  ol 
the  district.     But  I   was  equally  disappointed  there.    The  Ma 
raja,  at  my  request,  very  obligingly  allowed  the  Pandit  access  1 
his  Libraiy,  but  there  were  not  quite  a  hundred  MSS.  in  Sanskrit 
and  they  cxjmpnsed  the  Mah&bh^ata  and  other  well  known  work 
which  have  been  idready  printed.     The  head  pandit  of  the  Maki-I 
raja's  palace,  however,  showed  somo  works  on  the  Vedanta  now' 
to  the  Society's  Librai^,  and  notices  of  these  have  been  duly  so* 
cured.     Bui'dwan,  is  a  place  of  some  antiquity,  and  was  of  consider^ 
able  importance  dui-ing  the  Muhamraadan  rule,  but  it  seems,  likij 
Dacca,  to  be  very  poor  in  Sanskrit  works,  and  there  is  not  a  singU 
pandit  of  any  note  who  has  a  decent  collection  of  MSS. 

6.  The  disappointment  at  Burdwan,  however,  was  amply  com<<| 
penaated  at  M^nkar,  near  the  Boodbood  station  of  the  East  Indian 
Eailway.  Babu  Hitalila  MisVa,  a  «emiudar  and  Honorary  Mag 
trate  of  the  sub-division,  has  an  excellent  libraiy,  in  which  th 
travelling  Paudit  fouud  between  five  and  six  himdred  works  on  tJie 
Vedanta.  These  I  had  hoped,  would  have  occupied  his  time  for  at 
least  four  months,  but  before  he  had  time  to  take  notes  of  aboafe 
forty  or  fifty  works^  the  Dusserah  vacation  intervened,  and  th^ 
Babu's  pandit  subsequently  fallmg  ill,  there  was  nobody  to  kee 
the  library  open,  and  the  ti-avelling  Pandit  had  to  be  removod 
Halisahar,  a  small  town  sittiated  opposite  Hugh, 

7.  Halisahar  had  at  one  time  a  large  number  of  iQlnM  or  colleger  J 
of  Sanskrit  loamiDg,  and  several  are  still  extant  In  the  time  ot 
Raja  Krishnachandra  Edya  of  Niidia,  about  one  hundred  and  lif 
years  ago,  the  place  was  celebrated  for  its  Nyaya  school,  and  eomol 
of  the  best  pandits  of  Calcutta  came  from  that  place.  But  the 
pandits  who  now  own  the  toles^  proved  tho  most  bigotted  of  thoi 
kind,  and  offered  so  many  obstacles,  and  raised  so  many  diilicuitioa^l 
that  after  two  montlis'  stay,  my  travelling  Pandit  had  to  retu 
without  getting  a  single  work  of  any  importance, 

8.  During  the  last  two  months  of  tho  year,  the  travelling  Pan* 


1871.] 


Proceedtngn  of  tM  Aiiattc  Society, 


279 


dit  was  employed  in  examining  tlie  library  of  tlie  late  Sir  Eaja 
IladliaHnta  Bahridur,  K.  C.  S.  I.  wliere  he  will  have  ample  work 
for  at  least  four  months* 

9.  My  assistant  %vas,  for  a  time  during  the  period  tinder  report, 
employed  in  examining  the  library  of  Rija  Yatindramohana  Tha- 
kura  of  Caleutta,  who  has  very  kindly  placed  bia  collection  of  M88. 
at  my  disposal.  It  is  perhaps  the  richest  private  collection  in 
Calcutta,  and  contains  a  larger  nnmber  of  Tantras  than  what  I 
have  any  where  else  met  with,  not  excepting  the  collections  of  the 
Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal,  and  of  the  Sanskrit  colleges  of  Calcutta 
and  Benares.  Yery  few  works  of  this  class  have  yet  been  examiaed 
by  European  orientalists,  and  owing  to  the  circumstance  of  some 
of  them  being  of  an  offensive  character,  thay  are  generally  looked 
upon  with  disfavour.  They  are  wanting  too  in  the  halo  of  anti- 
quify.  The  oldest  among  them,  as  far  as  I  can  guess^  does  not 
date  before  the  3rd  century  of  Christ,  and  the  bulk  of  thom 
were  composed  probably  between  the  5th  and  the  12th  con- 
tiiries.  They  exercise,  however,  the  most  sovereign  inEaonce  on 
the  religious  life  of  the  Hindus,  and  control  ail  their  actions. 
A  few  display  a  curious  phase  of  thought,  in  which  a  hyper- 
trophy of  the  sentiment  of  veneration  for  the  creative  energy  has 
lead  to  the  most  mystic  and  obscene  rites  that  mankind  has  ever 
indulged  in.  Some  of  the  works  of  this  class  profess  to  be  rovela- 
tious  by  S'iva  made  at  the  request  of  his  consort  Pai'vati,  and 
a  great  many  are  acknowledged  to  be  compilations,  but  they  all  hava 
the  same  characteristics,  the  same  style  of  composition,  and  very 
similar  professions  of  faith.  Their  subjects  are  various*  Ancient 
legends,  topography,  medicine,  and  grammar  are  frequently  treated 
of,  but  those  subjects  are  all  intended  to  lead  to  the  establisliment 
of  the  preeminence  of  the  female  energy  in  the  creation  of  the 
world,  or  the  mysterious  adoration  of  the  phalKo  emblems  as  the 
means  of  salvation.  Traces  of  this  dogma  may  be  noticed  in  tho  ] 
Egj^tian,  the  Chaldee,  the  Hebrew,  the  Gnostic,  the  Greek  and] 
other  ancient  creeds,  but  nowhere  has  it  been  developed  to  saj 
inordinate  or  reeolting  an  extent,  or  carried  to  eo  extravagant  a 
length  as  in  the  Tantras,  and  in  that  respect  they  are  of  interest  j 
to  the  antiquarian  and   the  dtudent  of  ancient  religious  history. 


280 


Proc00d%n0s  of  the  Asiatic  Samty* 


The  mystic  charms  and  mantras  and  gestictilations  wMch  the  hot- 
ter cloaa  of  these  works  inculcate  havo,  furthor,  ahnoat  entirely 
superseded  the  rituals  of  the  Vedas,  and  in  the  present  day  scarce- 
ly a  ceremonial  is  performed,  or  a  prayer  repeated  by  a  Hindu, 
which  does  not  boiTow  its  primary  elements  from  the  Tantraa. 
For  a  correct  understanding  of  the  modern  Indian  forms  of  raligioii 
it  is  necessary^  thorofore,  that  these  works  should  be  carefolljr 
examined,  and  thoir  true  character  thoroughly  brought  to  light.  Ifc 
may  be  added  also  that^  however  offensive  some  of  these  works 
may  appear  in  the  light  of  modorn  European  civilization,  they  were 
held  in  peculiar  esteem  by  the  dreamy  monastic  followers  of  tha 
Buddhist  creed  in  the  7th,  8th  and  9th  centuries,  who  translated  a 
great  number  of  them,  and  compiled  others,  with  a  view  to  en^aft 
their  doctrines  on  Bud^lliisra,  and  we  find  in  Osoma  de  Koroai^B 
essay  on  the  Buddhist  literature  of  Nipal  and  Tibet  hundreds  of 
Tantras  noticed  as  forming  parts  of  the  saored  scriptui'os  of  those 
places.  Mr*  Hodgson  describes  them  as  containing  tlie  esoterics 
of  the  Bnddliist  religion  of  Nipal,  and  in  connorion  with  the  Mvni* 
dhiflm  of  the  noi'th,  these  works,  therefore,  are  also  of  importance. 

10,  According  to  the  Nila  Tautra,  the  original  Tantric  revela- 
tions of  B'iva  are  reckoned  at  64,  but  their  nuuibor  htia  of  Into  , 
multiplted  manyfold,  and  in  the  collection  of  E;tju.  Yatindramohana 
Thakura,  there  are  upwards  of  three  hundred  different  works.  Moat 
of  them  are,  however,  ii-agmentary,  and  others  are  avowed  compi- 
lations. In  the  notices  already  ptihliahed  I  have  given  brief  ao« 
counts  of  upwards  of  a  hundred  of  these  works,  and  I  hope  er«a 
long  to  add  considerably  to  that  number.  In  Etirope  there  are  not 
a  score  of  thesie  works  to  bo  met  with  in  the  India  House,  tho 
Berlin^  the  Bodleian,  and  other  collections. 

11,  Altogether  notices  of  about  six  hundred  manuscripts  have 
been  compiled,  and  are  now  ready  for  the  press. 

12,  The  publication  of  the  notices  has  not  been  carried  on  60 
expeditiously  as  could  be  wished.  The  form  originally  suggested 
by  me  and  approved  by  the  Society,  did  not  meet  with  the  ajjpro- 
bation  of  the  Government  of  India »  and  the  correspondence  whicb 
thereupon  ensued,  prevented  me  from  pushing  on  the  work.  I 
have,  therefore,  to  report  the  publication  of  only  two  numbois  of 


1871,] 


Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society* 


281 


about  250  pages,  contammg  notices  of  317  manustn'ipta.     These, 
-with  the  first  number  which  haa  been  reprinted  (the  first  edition 
havmg  been  exliausted),  constitute  a  volume  of  360  pages,  contain- 
ing notices  of  619  works,  of  which  40  are  on  ntuals,  phonetioa  and ' 
oOier  Vedic  subjects,   S2  on  the  Njaya,  17  on  the  Vedfinta,  20  on 
astronomy  and  astrology,  14  grammars,  23  Kdvyas,  H  Ndtakas  and 
38  Smfiti  treatises.     The  body  of  the  Yedas  are  represoatod  by 
only  two  works,  the  Eudrakanda  of  the  Yajiir  Veda  and  the  Chh^u- 
dogya  Brahmajga  of  the  S^ma  Veda,     This  paucity  is,  however^ 
not  a  subject  of  wonder,  considering  that  the  study  of  the  Vedas 
had  fallen  into  disuse  in  Bengal  long  before  the  reign  of  the  Sena 
rajas,  and  the  founder  of  their  dynasty,  nine  hundred  years  ago  j 
had  to  obtain  five  Br^hmans  versed  in  Tedic  rites  from  the  Xing] 
of  Kanauj   to  oilidate  at   a   sacrifice.     The  descendants  of  those 
priests,  who  now  constitute  the  bulk  of  the  Brahmans  of  this  pro- 
vince, have  nowhere  kept  up  the  learning  of  their  ancestors,  anlJ 
not  a  single  native  of  Bengal  is  to  be  now  met  with  who  has  sys*' 
tematically  studied  the  Vedas.     The  Vedic  Sutras  are  also  ill-re- 
presented, and  the  few  that  have  been  noticed  were  obtained  irom 
Benares*     The  philosophical  and  theologiL'al  portions  of  the  Vedas, 
the  Upanishads,  have,  howeveri  been  represented  by  no  less  than  7S 
treatises,   most  of  which  will  bo  new  to  European  scholars.     The 
Purinas  are  met  with  in  considerable  numbers  in  Bengal,  but  a9 
most  of  them  are  contained  in  the  Library  of  the  Asiatic  Society,-^ 
I  have  not  deemed  it  expedient  to  notice  them  at  length.     On  the 
completion  of  the  Society's  catalogue,  which  is  now  in  a  forward 
state,   full  inibrmation  regarding  them  will  be  rendered  ai-cessibld  ] 
to  scholars. 

13.  Annexed  ia  a  list  of  the  MSS.  whicli  have  been  purchased  1 
for  Government.  Most  of  them,  it  is  beUeved,  will  be  new  to  the  In» 
dia  House  Library,  though  soino  of  them  are  of  little  interest. 
They  had  to  be  bought  as  they  formed  parts  of  a  collection  which 
could  not  be  broken  up.  Owing  to  the  owner  not  having  called  for 
their  price,  most  of  them  have  not  yet  been  paid  for.  Three  oi*  tlio 
works  in  the  list|  viz,  the  2nd  part  of  the  Saukhayiuia  Suirskf 
the  Vivarana  Bliashya  and  the  ChhaDdogapariii'iijhta,  were  copied 
from  codices  in  the  possession  of  pandits  at  Bouares. 


^^^       282                     ProceedinffB  of  the  AsiatU  S^cietif,                      [Dec.^H 

^H            Bkonda  Fuianiva  Ksbetram^h^t- 

Goraksha-s'aiaka.                    ^^^| 

^m                mya. 

Furnananda-ehakra.                ^^^H 

^H            B'aktisaFigatQa  Tantra* 

Ya&'isli|1ia-yogakdiii}a.            ^^^^H 

^H            Kamariipa-y^tra  paddliati. 

Tfi'vara-gita*                             ^^^^| 

^H            Kigama-tattva-B^ra, 

Gaiigaslitaka,                           ^^^^| 

^H            Bralnaajn^aa-mahri-taBtra-sara. 

Aunad^kalpa.                           ^^^^H 

^H             K^li-salmsraDama  stotra. 

PurasV'liarana-rasoUdsa.         ^^^H 

^H            S'rjgurusaliasr&nimastotra. 

Gangashtaka.                            ^^^^H 

^H            Brahmajoana  Tantra, 

DoTikavacha.                           ^^^^H 

^H            Kddlijuaiia-dipika. 

Datt^troya  Sanliita.                 ^^^| 

^H            Bolarohana-paddliati. 

PiiTasV'harana-yivoka.            ^^^H 

^H            Kilistavarija. 

Gurd  Tantra.                           ^^H 

^H            Byam;i-stotra. 

Durgadadindma  stotra.           ^^^M 

^H             Yati-Lhusbuj|L 

Takaradt-Bvarupa.                   ^^^^| 

^H            Barsann-kalika. 

Kfla  Tantra.                           ^^^| 

^H             SVilduiktiratoavalf, 

YagaU  Patala.                       ^^^H 

^H             Ilariiigmjtmrita. 

Adl>huta*&dra  sangraliar          ^^^^| 

^H            r^ana  Sanhiti. 

Saj  avail  ablia,                           ^^^^| 

^H            Matrika-koslia. 

KogaviniM?baya.                       ^^^^| 

^H             Madana-pdrijata. 

S&nlthya  Kaumudi.                  ^^^^| 

^H              Santi'S'ataka. 

MuiKJiaindla  Tantra.                ^^^^H 

^H            Bliat-cliakra  Tippani. 

Sandbyd  paddbati*                 ^^^^| 

^U            Yagal^Lmukbi-kavaelia. 

Karpurastaya  Tiki,               ^^^^| 

^H             '                 Stotra. 

S'lTa-sanbit^,                          ^^^^H 

^H            Y^stuhoma. 

G^yatri-Lrldaya.                 ^^^^^H 

^H            Orantha-sangraha. 

GaurikanibiiHka.               Il^^^^^l 

^H            Chaurakdvya  fiatika. 

Sundarl-s'aktidana.           ^^^^^H 

^H            G^j'atri-hridaja. 

Do.    Tika.                         ^^H 

^M            Gayatri-kalpa. 

Sabasranama-etnti*                 ^^^^| 

^H            Jnaaa  Tantra. 

Yijako8ba,                                ^^^^| 

^H            Guriigita. 

GaiigSstaTa.                             ^^^^| 

^H            Pit^a-nmiaya. 

Gayatribriknianolldsa  Tanti'a.     ^H 

^M            fiarasvati  Tantra. 

Tripurd-samuehcbaya  Tiki.          ^^M 

^H            Guhyitiguhja  Tantra. 

Aparokabauubbuti.                   ^^^H 

^H           Mugdhabodlia-tika. 

Bvarodaya.                              ^^^H 

^m           Svatautra  Tantxa. 

Favanayijaya.                       ^^^H 

Proceidiiigw  of  th$  Asiatic  Society, 


283 


Mdtrikajagaiiman^ala-kayaclia. 
Grautha-sangmha. 
Prasna-k  aum  ddi . 
JjotiiLs^gara-sara, 
Oiandro  ami  1  ana . 
Padartlitt-sangraha. 
Vya  vastMrn  a  v  a, 
Dvitiyatlivyutpattivida* 
Anumiti  Raliasya. 
Vyfipti-panchaka  Eahasya. 
Sifilia-vyaghra  Eahaeya, 
ShatchakraTivTiti  Tiki. 
Suddhi-ctipika» 
Divj-a-  cliiitj^mam. 
Anuapurod  Upanisliad , 
Ninrlna  Upanisliad. 
Ekakskara  Upanishad. 
YaJTjyavalkya  tTpanishad. 
Akehamalika  TJpamshad. 
Ty  adli  i  karan  a-dharma  vachchti- 

na-bliavtw 
Samaay^bli^va  Ealiasya. 
ViB'eshavyfipti  Bahaaya. 
Ty&p  tigi^ahopaya  Bohasya. 


Tarka  Bahasya. 
Vydptyanugama  Hahasya. 
Sam^nyalakahaa^  Rahasya. 
Pakshata  Bahasya. 
Vrihannaradiya  Purfi^a* 
Tarka  Tippa^i- 
Vytiptyaaugama  Tippani, 
SamaDya  bhava  Tipimui, 
Siiiha-vyaghara  Tippaui. 
Tardrahasya-vrittika* 
Kdtantra-yrittikd* 
Katantra- vritti*dui*ga-  tika. 
Kfitantra  parie'lsb^a. 
Durgav^kya-prabodha, 
Biddhiata*dipa. 
8  abda-  chin  tamany  alaka. 
Smriti-chandriya  sraddliakala, 
ValakrishMshtaka. 
Xdiifasafa  Tantra, 
Sraddhavidki. 
Chhandoga  Paris' iahta, 
Vivaraoa  Bbasliya, 
Sinkh^ana  Sutra,  part  !!♦ 


The  following  papor  was  read — 
The  Eock'cui  Ejceavatiom  at  Sarckoka^  dUcovered  htf  Captain    W.  X. 
Samuelh  when  employed  tu  Boundary   Commhtimer  an  the  Retook 
atid  ChutUNagpdr  Frontier^  Saasm   1870-71.— i?y  Capt.  W.  L- 
8amuelL8,  Assistant  Gommisnoner^  Pachmnha^  Owd  line. 
I  The  Secretary  read  the  paper,  which  will  bo  printed  in   No.  IH 
of  Part  I  of  the  JoumaL     A  tracing  of  the  excavations  and  a  plaa 
of  the  templea  by  Capt,  Samuella  will  aooompony  the  paper. 

Colonel  Thmllier  moved  that  the  thanks  of  the  members  are  dae 
to  Capt.  Samuella  for  hia  valuable  and  interestiag  oontributiooj 
and  donations  to  the  B&ciety, 


284 


Proee^dinps  of  iftd  Aiiatk  Society. 


[DecJ 


The  Chairman  put  the  motioa  to  the  vote.  Carried  imammouslyj 
A  conversation  ensued  In  which  several  monibers  joined. 

The  receipt  of  the  following  papers  was  announced — 

1.  List  cf  SMU  colUcted  on  the  Arakan  Ct>m£. — By  W.  TheoLald 
Esq,,  Burma, 

2.  (hi  a  JS^eto   Sjfecm  qf  Flamingo. — Bg  W.  E.  Brooks,   E8q.| 
C.  E,,  Etawah. 

The  meeting  then  broke  np. 


XilSBART. 

The  following  additions  have  been  made  to  the  library  since  tha 
meeting  held  in  November  last. 

«%  Names  of  Donors  in  CapitaJs. 

Journal  Asiatique,  No.  63. — SociE'te'  Asiatique,  Paris. 

Journal  of  the  Linnean  Society,  Zoology,  Vol.  XI,  Nus.  49  to  52 J 
— Tke  Likkean  Society. 

Ditto,  Botany,  Vol.  XI,  Nos.  64  to  56,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  65,— Tax  ] 
LiNKEAN  Society. 

Journal  of   the  Statistical   Society   of  London,  Vol.  XXXIV, 
Pt,  in. — The  Statist icai.  Society  of  Lokbon. 

Proceedings  of  the  Hoyal  Geographical  Society,  VoL  XV,  Noa.  3^j 
and  4. — The  Eoyal  GEooHAPmcAL  Society. 

Journal  of  the  Anthropological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,  VoL  I,  No.  2. — The  Axtkropolooioal  Institute. 

Annual  Keport  of  the  Settlement  of  Port  Blair  for  the  year  1 870-1 
71. — The  GovERXMBifT  oe  India,  Home  Bbpaetment. 

Eecords  of  tho  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol.  IV,  Pt.  IV. — Thb" 
Geological  Sitrvey  of  Indla.. 

Catalogue  of  the  Syriao  MSS*  in  tho  British  Museum,   Pt,   IL- 
The  Trustees  of  the  British  MusEtrM. 

Memoirs  of  the  Akaakuf  family,  a  sketch  of  Ruasian  Bural  Life 
soTonty  years  ago. — ^Betd.  J,  Lokq, 


1871.]  Proeudingi  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  285 

Catalogue,  Punjab  and  Sindh  Plants. — J.  E.  T.  AircnisoN,  Esq., 
M.  D. 

Seventh  Annual  Report  of  the  Sanitary  Commissioner  to  the 
Government  of  India. — J.  M.  Cunningham,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

The  Calcutta  Journal  of  Medicine,  1871,  No.  9,  Sept.— The 
Editob. 

The  Christian  Spectator,  1871,  Nov.  and  Dec. — The  Editob. 

Purchase, 

Tarikh-i-Jahangir  (Mirza  Jahangfr),  MS. :-— Journal  des  Savants, 
September,  1871: — Comptes  Rendus,  Nos.  11  to  14: — Bevue  des 
Deux  Mondes,  1st  October,  1871 : — The  Annals  and  Magazine  of 
Natural  History,  1871,  September  and  October: — Westminster 
Eeview  October,  1871 : — ^L.  E.and  D.  Philosophical  Magazine,  1871, 
September  and  October : — Hewitson  Exotic  Butterflies,  Part  80  : — 
Eeeve*s  Oonchologia  Iconica,  Parts  288,  289  : — Kitab  al  Khrist,  I 
Band,  Text : — Al  Hariri's  Durrat  al  Ghawwd9  : — Ma'sddi,  Les 
Prairies  d'Or,  texte  et  traduction,  par  C.  Baxbier  de  Meynard, 
Tom  VI. 


286 


Proceedings  of  the  Aiiatic  S(>cift^, 


APPENDIX. 


COBHESFQXBENCE  EeLATIVB  TO   DeEP   SeA   DSLSDOTSa, 


CdcMita,  UihJum,  1871. 

I\r(m  p.  Stoliczka,   Ph,  P.,   Honif,  Se^etarff  Ag»  Soc*  of  Bengai 

To  E.  C*  Bayley,  Esq.,  0.  S.  I.,  Secretary  io  ih^  Oawmmmi  &/ 
diHf  Home  DeiMirtment^ 

Sm, — I  am  inBtructed  by  the  President  and  Council  of  tlie  Asii 
tic  Society  of  Bengal,  to  solicit  tlio  favorable  consideration  of 
Excellency  the  Viceroy  and  Governor-General  in  Council  to  a  sui 
jeot  which  appears  to  the  Council  of  the  Society  one  of  the  voiy 
highest  importance,  namely,  the  desirability  of  ondertaking  deep 
sea  dredgings  in  Indian  waters. 

The  Council  believe  they  ijan  best  bring  the  matter  before  Hii 
Excellency  in  Council   by  submitting  a  copy  of  a  Memorandum^ 
drawn  np  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Natural  History  Committee  and, 
after  full  discussion  by  the  Committee,  accepted  by  the   Couni 
the  Society. 

It  cannot,  the  Coimcil  believe,  be  questioned  that  results  are  to 
be  expected  from  deep  sea  dredgings  of  the  highest  importance  for 
the  pi*ogre6B  of  both  biological  and  physical  science.  It  is  a  well 
known  fact,  that  in  former  periods  of  our  planet  there  prevailed  a 
much  more  uniform  distribution  of  temperature,  and  of  animal  and 
vegetable  life*  In  the  kainozoic  epoch  the  climate  in  Europe  was 
somewhat  similar  to  that  of  our  present  Indian  and  Ausfa'alii 
waters,  and  many  of  the  then  inhabitants  of  the  seas  shew  gr< 
altinities  to  those  now  found  living  in  Indian  sens.  In  order 
trace  the  connection  of  these  faunas,  dredging  in  Indian  wal 
would  undoubtedly  supply  most  valuable  materials. 

Again,  as  yet  tliere  have  been  no  systematic  observations  made 
regarding  the  laws  regulating  the  temperature  of  water  in  Indian 
aeas,  the  various  cfurrents,  the  physical  character  of  sea  bottom^  Ac, 
Yoluable  results  may,  therefore,  be  justly  expected  for  the  progress 
of  hydrography,  and  collaterally  for  the  benefit  of  navigation ;  and 


cilj^i 


I87h] 


Proce^dingi  of  the  Aiiatic  Societi/, 


2S7 


I 


equdly  important  will  be  the  examination  of  the  »ea  bottom  for 
tbe  studj  of  geology  and  physical  geography* 

An  undertaking  of  this  range  is  beyond  the  means  of  any  private 
individual,  but  it«  importance  is  so  great  that  the  Council  believe 
it  to  be  well  worth  the  consideration  of  His  Excellency  the  Ticeroy 
and  Governor- General  in  CouncU,  and  the  enlightened  Government 
of  a  powerful  State  like  the  Indian  empire. 

The  Council  of  the  Society  are,  therefore,  confident  that  His  Ex- 
cellency in  Council  will  approve  generally  of  the  proposal^  put  for- 
ward in  the  accompanying  Memorandum,  and  trust  that  he  will 
give  the  Tindertaking  the  same  generous  support  which  has  been 
afforded  to  similar  expeditions  in  Eugluud  and  other  coimtriea. 

They  would  hope  that  steps  might  at  once  be  taken  in  comrau- 
nication  with  the  Admiral  commanding  the  Indian  stations,  and 
that  this  project  may  be  brought  under  the  consideration  of  the 
Lord  Commissioners  of  her  Majesty's  Admiralty  at  home,  so  that 
certain  special  preparations  which  will  be  required  may  be  made 
without  delay.  Owing  to  the  peculiar  nature  of  the  climate  in 
these  latitudes  such  researches  can  bo  favourably  carried  on  only 
during  one-half  of  the  year,  and  the  importance  of  completing 
prehminary  arrangements  at  an  enrly  period  beoomeS|  tliereforei 
more  obvious. 


^O     Of     ItIL 


dtt' 


Memorandum  on  Deep  Sea  Dredtjmg  Op&ra(i'>n-^  jiropvmJ 
takrn  IN  ImlUm  Watcr>i. 

The  Sub-Committee  appointed  to  oonaider  the  deairability  of  im- 
dertuking  Deep  Sea  Dredging  in  Indian  waters,  beg  to  submit  the 
following  Memorandum  on  this  subject : — 

The  vast  importance  of  Deep  Sea  Dredging  for  tlio  study  of 
Zoology,  Geology,  Physics  and  Hydrography  has  been  placed  be- 
yond ail  doubt  by  the  results  of  the  explorations  which  have  been 
lately  oarrieil  on,  and  are  still  being'  prosecuted,  under  the  auspicet 
of  the  Governments  of  England,  Sweden  and  Norway,  and  in 
America*  In  England,  the  importance  of  such  researches  was  re- 
commended to  the  conaideration  of  tlie  Royal  Society  of  Loudon 
chiufly  for  tlie  followhig  i*eaaona : — 


288 


*  i»f  ike  Aiiaiie  Society, 


[Dbc. 


1 .  To  tost  a  rather  generallj  aoeepted  opinion  that  na  animal 
life  existed  below  the  depth  of  a  few  hundred  fathoms  : 

2*  To  determine  the  influence  of  light  and  of  pressure  upon 
animal  life  at  great  depths : 

3.  To  further  the  study  of  the  geographical  distribution  of 
animal  and  vegetable  lifo, 

4.  To  determine  the  temperature^  the  strength  and  direction  of 
the  currents,  the  relative  Chemical  compoaitioa  and  the  amount  of 
dissolved  gases  in  8ea  Water  at  various  depths,  &o. 

6.  To  determine  the  nature  of  the  Deep  Sea  bottom,  the  mode 
of  its  deposition,  and  the  sources  whence  the  materials  composing 
it  were  derived. . 

The  interest  attaching  to  the  study  of  these  nuostions,  and  their 
important  bearing  upon  the  progress  of  Biological  and  Physical 
Beience,  having  been  duly  oonaidered  by  the  Eoyal  Society,  it  was 
.Tesolved  that  application  should  be  made  to  Government  for  ossifl* 
tanue.  The  Lordu  ComniisMioners  of  the  Admiralty  in  the  most 
liberal  manner  acceded  to  the  recommendation  of  tho  Eoyal  Society 
by  placing  a  suitable  vessel  at  the  disposal  of  the  Dredging  Com- 
mittee by  whom  the  Scientific  exploration  of  the  Deej)  Soa  has 
been,  and  is  being,  most  successfully  prosecuted.  The  results  of 
their  explorations  have  been  given  from  time  to  time  in  the  reports 
printed  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Boyal  Society  (Vol.  XYII,  No. 
107,  Yol.  XVIII,  No.  121,  &c.),  and  they  fully  justify  the  high 
expectation  of  success  from  the  expedition  which  had  been  formed. 
The  Sub-Committee  woidd  only  draw  attention  to  one  or  two  of  tho 
most  important  acquisitions  to  science. 

Dredging  operations  conducted  down  to  the  enormous  depth  of 
upwards  of  two  thousancl  fathoms  have  proved  the  existence  of 
animal  and  vegetable  lifo  in  abundance,  even  at  that  vast  depth. 

Moat  valuable  observations  have  been  made  on  the  rate  of  dl* 
minution  of  temperature  with  increase  of  depth.  The  existence  of 
two  distinct  submarine  climates  in  dose  proximity  and  on  the  aamd 
llavely  called  respectively  the  Warm  and  the  Cold  areas,  has  been 
Ftnost  oondusively  proved,  and  eac^h  area  has  been  shown  to  t>0886fl8 
its  own  peculiar  fauna  and  sea-bed ;  this  in  the  warm  area  being 
almost  entirely  composed  of  Obb^mm-mud  and  in  the  cold  area 


187LJ 


Ptoc6edit^i  of  the  Asiatic  SomM^, 


269 


of  fragments  of  rooke.  It  B^mfi  imposfiible  to  overrate  the  impor* 
tant  beariBg  of  these  observations  on  the  study  of  Geology.  The 
Atlantic  sea-bed  was  in  places  found  to  be  covered  with  a  jelly-like 
not  work  of  protoplasiu  fHalh^hius  of  Huxley),  which  offers  a  ' 
curious  parallel  to  the  Laurentian  Eozoon,  the  oldest  trace  of 
animal  hfe  yet  discovered* 

Up  to  the  present  time  naturalists  in  India  never  have  had  a  ^ 
possibility  of  carrying  out  such  researches.  There  has  been  no 
vessel,  fitted  for  snch  duties  available,  and  no  means  of  carrying 
them  on.  Since,  however,  it  has  been  determined  to  form  the  In* 
dian  waters  into  a  special  naval  station,  and  several  steamers  have 
been  placed  on  the  station,  it  is  hoped  that  the  posaibilittes  of  J 
success  have  been  entirely  changed.  (The  experienced  ofEeer  who 
commands  the  station  is  fully  alive  to  the  great  importance  of 
enquiries  such  as  we  have  alluded  to,  and  has  expressed  his  anxious 
willingness  to  aid  them,  in  so  far  as  his  duty  will  permit,  The 
readiness  and  friendly  support  wldch  the  Lords  Commissioners  of 
the  British  Admiralty  have  shewn  in  the  promotion  of  any  line  of 
research  calculated  to  advance  knowledge,  lead  us  also  to  hapo 
that  the  same  Mendly  aid  will  be  extended  to  ludian  naturalists, 
and  we  would,  therefore,  urge  that  an  application  be  made  to  the 
Government  of  India  for  its  support  in  these  enquiries,  with  a  ro*^ 
quest  that  it  will  also  urgo  the  question  on  the  favourable  consider-! 
ation  of  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  Her  Majesty's  Admiralty,  so 
that  if  consistent  with  naval  duties,  some  one  of  the  steamers,  now 
in  these  waters,  might  for  a  time  be  placed  at  the  service  of  the 
Committee. 

It  is  beyond  doubt  that  results  of  equal  value  and  import anoe  uA 
those  obtained  by  the  Dredging  Expeditions  at  home  can,  and  wil 
be  obtained  by  explorations  of  a  similar  kind  undertaken  in  In^ 
waters,  and,  no  regular  dredging  operations  having  ever  been  oon^ 
ducted  in  the  seas  of  a  tropical  country,  the  Sub*Committee  vott** 
ture  to  think  that  the  more  favourable  climate  and  the  far  richer 
fauna  and  flora  of  tropical  and  subtropical  regions  justify  the  ex- 
pectation of  even  more  numerous  and  more  varied  results,  than 
those*  which  have  been  obtained  in  colder  regions*  The  variety 
and  abundance  of  animal  life  must  be  enormous,  because  we  luiTo 


290 


I^roeeedin^i  qf  the  Asiatic  SocUfy* 


[Bac. 


to  deal  in  the  Indian  seas  with  such  vast  dlHerenoes  of  depth  and, 
by  a  oonBeqnencSp  of  temperature.  It  Is  known  that  these  seas  are 
the  home  of  several  species  of  MoUnaca  and  other  invertebrate 
animals  only  known  to  occur  besides  in  the  Middle  and  Upper 
Tertiaries  of  Eui-ope,  Of  others  occurring  in  the  same,  and  even 
in  more  ancient,  deposits,  we  know  that  the  nearest  livLag  repre- 
sentatives are  only  to  be  found  in  Australian  waters,  and  it  would 
be  a  most  valuable  acquisition  both  for  Geological  and  Zoological 
science,  if  we  could  in  any  way  establish  a  connexion  between  these 
widely  separated  faunas. 

Again,  it  is  an  acknowledged  fact  that  complete    and  rapid  d©- 

kstrnction  of  organic  life  hardly  ever  extends  over  very  large  areas. 
We  know  the  enormous  ricliness  of  the  Oephalopodous  fauna  that 
existed  during  the  latter  part  of  the  Cretacjeous  Epoch  in  some  dis- 
tricts of  Southern  India,  and  it  seems  to  us  almost  incredible  that 
such  a  vast  variety  of  forma  of  animal  life  should  have  in  one 
moment,  so  to  speak,  been  entirely  extingmehed.  Moreover,  the 
feet  that  species  of  Nautilm^  very  similar  to  those  found  fossil  in 

[the  deposits  just  mentioned,  continue  U>  live  in  the  waters   of  the 

^Bay  of  Bengal,  almost  justifies  the  expectation  that  some  recent 
descendants  of  the  Atmmnitidm^  beUeved  to  be  entbely  extinct,  also 
may  have  survived. 

The  Sub-Committee  are  confident  that  explorations  of  the  deep 

I  «ea  in  Indian  waters  wiH  not  only  furnish  data  which  will  illustrate 
the  modification  of  certain  supposed  laws  regulating  animal  and 
vegetable  life  in  countries  Geographically  and  Climatologically 
diHerent,  but  that  they  will  undoubtedly  supply  much  and  most 
important  material  for  the  study  and  explanation  of  many  yet 
obscure  facts  in  Zoology,  Geology,  Physics,  and  the  collateral 
branches  of  science* 

The  Sub-Committee,  therefore,  earnestly  hope  that  Government 
may  be  led  to  regard  the  undertaking  of  Beep  Sea  Dredging  in 
Indian  waters  as  the  most  important  source  whence  great  progress 
to  Natural  History  and  Physical  Science  will  result. 

In  the  first  iastance  your  Committee  would  suggest  the  exami* 

Fnation  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal  by  a  line  of  Dredging  right  across 
fiom  new  Juggurnath  Black  Temple  to  Oape  Nigrais^  to  be  fol* 


1871.] 


Froc09dit^9  of  the  AMik  Sacieiy, 


S9I 


lowed  by  another  traver»e  from  near  Madras  to  the  AndamanB  or  the 
Nicobars,  and  again  by  a  line  from  Ceylon  to  the  ci^ast  of  Sumatra, 
It  would  be  necessary  that,  say  three  persona  acquainted  with  the 
mode  of  enquiry  should  accompany  each  oxpeflitioa,  and  it  is  hoped 
that  siifliciont  accommodation  could  readily  be  found  for  them  on 
botird. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  point  out,  that  very  vast  acquieltirniB  to 
our  knowledge  of  the  depths,  currents,  character  of  bultuiu,  &c,, 
of  that  part  of  the  Indian  Ocean  and  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal  would 
result  froni  these  traverses,  quit©  iudependently  of  the  additions  tu 
our  knowledge  of  the  life,  inhabiting  tht\se  as  yet  entiivly  un- 
searched  seas. 

Your  Sub-Committee,  however,  do  not  wish  to  insist  on  tlie 
adoption  of  tliis  ground  in  the  first  instance.  No  course  can  be 
taken  which  will  not  yield  a  rich  harvest  of  novelties  and  additions, 
and  they  would  sn^r^i^t  that  the  convenience  of  the  vessels  on  the 
station,  should  be  oup  of  the  Erst  considerations,  as  well  aa  the 
climutal  periods  of  ]\ionsoon,  &c.,  &c* 

With  regard  to  Ihd  appliances  necessary  for  Deep  Sea  Dredging,  ^ 
the  Sub- Committee  beg  to  enumerate  the  foUowing^ — 

1 .  Three  dredges  of  various  sizes  and  an  adequate  supply  of 
strong  Manilla  rope,  which  will  probably  b©  best  obtained  thi-ongh 
the  Admiralty.  For  heaving  up  the  dredge,  the  vessel  charged  with 
the  conduct  of  the  expedition,  should  bo  pitjvidud  with  a  donkey-en- 
gine, and  might  be  otherwise  so  fitted  as  to  render  it  adapted  for  thcr 
duty :  the  latest  experiences  in  Deep  Sea  Dredging  at  home,  have 
shewn  that  a  double -cylinder  donkey-engine  proved  to  be  the  most 
ethidont  contrivance  for  hauling-in. 

2.  Sounding  leads. 

3.  At  least  a  dozen  of  Siemann's  differential  thermometers ;  or 
Prof.  Killer^s  new  Thermometer  for  Deep  Sea  Dredging^ ;  thesis 
may  be  obtained  from  the  Meteorological  Department  at  home. 

4.  Water  bottles, 

5.  In  order  to  determine  the  nature  and  proportion  of  the  dis* 
solved  gases,  oontained  in  sea  water  from  various  depths,  an  opera- 
tion which  must  be  performed  at  once  on  ship-board — 3  glam 
hydrometers  and  2  of  Prof.  Miller's  apparutua  for  the  Analysis  of 
gases  will  bo  necessary. 


292 


Pr^dfdings  ofthe.Aiiatic  StHneiy, 


[D»o. 


6.  The  Sub-Committee  believe  that  an  annual  grant  of  E», 
2000,  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Dredging  Committee  for  the 
purchase  of  gksa  bottles,  spirita  of  wine,  scientific  apparatus,  &c«, 
&c.,  necessary  for  the  preserv-ation  and  examination  of  the  material 
obtained,  would  be  sufficient. 

7.  They  recommend  that  a  Dredging  Committee  be  appointed 
by  the  Government,  including — 

The  President  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal,  for  the  1 

being. 
Do.,      Natural  History  Committee,  ditto. 
Do.,      Physical  Science,  ditto  ditto. 
Thos.  Oldliam,  Esq.,  LL.  D.,  F.  E.  S.,  F.  0.  8, 
Col.  J,  F.  Teimant,  E.  E.,  F.  E.  8. 
F.  Stoliczka,  Ph.  D.,  F.  G.  8. 
W.  T.  Blanford,  E^i-,  F.  G.  8.,  0.  M.  Z.  S.. 
H,  F,  Blanford^  Ewi.,  F.  G,  8. 
J.  Anderson,  Ksij.,  M.  D.,  F.  L,  S.,  F.  Z.  8. 
J.  Wood'Mason,  Esq.,  F.  G.  S. 

8.  That  this  Committee  be  entrusted  with  the  management  of 
the  explorations  and  with  making  euggestions  as  to  the  manner 
in  which  theee  can  bo  best  carried  out. 

9.  That  all  Bpecimens  collected  be  in  the  hands  of  the  Com- 
mittee until  they  ehall  have  been  worked  out ;  that  the  choicest 
specimens  be  eventually  transferred  to  the  Tmatees  of  the  Indian 
Museum  where  they  should  be  preserved  j  and  that  th«  Committee 
have  direction  of  the  distributian  of  the  duplicates  to  the  Museumn 
and  men  of  science  in  Europe  and  America,  who  are  engaged  in 
aimilar  research  es. 

10.  That  the  report  on  each  Dredging  exp^tion  be  submitted 
to  Government  through  the  Committee  hy  the  officers  who  shall 
have  had  charge  of  the  expedition. 

Thomas  Oldham, 
Febd.  Stolic/jla, 
James  Wood-BIajon. 


1B71.] 


Proc&edingi  of  the  Aiiatie  Soeidy* 


293 


From  J*  Geoohegan,  Esq.,  Under- Secrdar^  to  the  Ooummmmi  of 
India,  Ikpartfnmt  of  Agriculture^  Bavmm  and  Oammetee^ 

Th  the  Mon^.  Secrctartf  to  the  A$iatie  SccieUj  of  BmgaL 

Simla,  th»  2%th  Avffmt,  1871. 

SiE, — I  am  directed  to  acknowledge  tbo  rocBipt  of  your  letter 
No.  280,  dated  Hth  June  last,  forwarding  a  Memo,  on  a  proposed 
series  of  deep  sea  dredging  operations  in  Indian  waters,  and 
requesting  the  Government  of  India  to  extend  its  support  to  the 
undertakiDg  and  to  place  a  steamer  at  the  dispoBal  of  the  Com- 
mittee appoiuted  for  the  pnq>oee. 

In  reply  I  am  directed  to  state  tliat  the  Governor-General  in 
Countfil  oordially  approves  of  the  proposal  of  the  Society,  and  would 
be  glad  to  make  a  steamer  available  for  the  under tukmg.  At 
present^  however,  no  vessel  can  be  spared  either  f^om  the  Hoyal 
Navy  or  the  Indian  Marine. 

A  Nautical  Survey  of  the  Indian  seas  is,  however,  contemplated, 
and  wh*?n  the  result  of  inquiriea  that  have  been  instituted  in  con- 
nection with  that  subject  is  arrived  at,  it  will  be  considorod  wbother 
a  vessel  can  be  made  available  for  the  joint  purpose  of  carrying 
out  the  deep  sea  drodgings  as  well  as  the  Marine  Bui'vey. 


M.  M,S.  Forte,  BetfuhfllH,  AnguH  26fA. 

Eii  EiteeUmoy  the   Comvimder-tn^OMef  Her  Mojestjf^s  iVara/ 
Forces f  Fast  Indies, 

To  Fbsd.  Stoliczka,  Eontf-  S^relartff  Asiatic  Soi^isiy,  Ben^aL 

Sm,— I  have  the  pleasure  to  acknowletlg©  the  receipt  of  your 
letter^  23rd  June,  enclosing  papers  from  the  A^tio  Sucitjty  re^pird* 
ing  **  Deep  Sea  Dredging/* 

I  beg  to  assure  yuur  Society  that  I  will  assist  in  every  way  in 
my  power  so  desirable  an  object.  I  would  take  the  liberty  to  sug* 
gest  to  you  to  obtain  aa  soon  as  possible  all  the  apparatus  necea- 
sary, — ^ready  to  embark  in  any  vessel  which  may  be  made  avail- 
able. 

I  will  represent  to  His  Excellency  the  Viceroy  that  one  of  the 
two  vessels   of  war  stationed  in  the  sea  of  Bengal  might  with  ad* 


Taniage  be  employed  on  this  service  during  N,  E.  MoBsoon  (10 p- 
posing  her  aervices  not  otherwise  urgently  required)  a  ti^mporary 
cabin  being  erected  for  the  aocommodation  of  the  gentlamen  who 
would  conduct  the  scientific  operations. 

The  small  (or  donkey)  engine  on  bofird  could  be  made    to  serve 
the  purposes  de&ired  in  the  circular  you  have  sent  to  me. 


Anntio  Society g  Roami.   CdaUta^  9M  Oetoher^  137L 

From  F,  Stoliczka,  Esq.,  Ph.  B*,  Mony.  Hceret.  As.  :Soc.  Bmgat, 

To  J.  Geogheqan,  Esd.,  Undtr-S^rdary  to  ths  OorernmcfU  0/  India^ 
Ikparimmi  of  AffrimUtire^  Revenm  and  Commerce. 

Sib, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  your  letter  No.  1B1 ,  dated 
Simla,  2Sth  August,  \%1\  and  to  express  the  thanks  of  thu  Ctiimeil 
of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  for  the  great  interest  with  which 
His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council  ia  prepared  to 
meet  the  recommendation  of  the  Society  conveyed  in  my  letter  No. 
280,  dated  14th  Jane,  1871. 

The  Council  has  been  informed  by  His  Excellency  the  Admiral 
of  the  India  Naval  station  that  there  is  a  likelihood  of  a  Steamer 
being  avnilable  for  the  proposed  Beep  Sea  Bredginga  during 
the  approaching  North  East  Monsoons  provided  that  **  her  BerrSsea 
are  not  otherwise  urgently  required,"  and  His  Excellency  suggeoii^ 
that  the  necessary  apparatus  should  be  obtained  as  early  as  prais^ 
ticable. 

The  Society  has  also  received  most  encouraging  letters  from  tlie 
Swretary  of  the  Boyal  Society  of  London,  and  other  leading  men 
of  science  at  home. 

Considering  the  great  importance  of  the  subject  I  have  the 
honor,  by  direction  of  the  Council  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  to  suggest 
that  His  Excellency  the  Viceroy  and  Governor- General  of  India 
may  he  pleased  to  appoint  a  Committee  for  Beep  Sen  Brodging«, 
and  also  to  apply  thi*ough  the  Right  Hon'ble  the  Secretary  of  State 
to  the  Lords  Com niissi oners  of  the  Admiralty  for  the  early  supply 
of  the  necessary  apparatus  which  I  had  the  honor  to  Apec^ify  in  mj 
letter,  No.  280,  dated  Ulh  June,  and  enclosure. 


1871.]  Proceedmgg  of  th»  Asiaik  Soeieijt*  295 

The  Council  is  coafident  that  the  Royal  Society  would  he  glad  to 
afford  their  aid  in  selecting  the  necessary  iDstrumentfli  and  also  in 
testing  their  value.  The  appHcatioa  for  those  instruments  just  at 
this  time  would  probably  be  opportune,  as  several  expeditious  for 
Deep  Sea  Dredging  are  being  organized  in  England,  in  Norway, 
by  the  German  Empire  and  by  the  United  States. 


.Fhwi  J.  Geooheoajt,  Esq.,  Under  Secretary    to    the    Oorernment   of 
India ^  Bqmriment  of  Agriculture  Bevenue  and  Commerce. 

Ta  the  Bomrary  Secretary  io  th9  Asintic  Society  of  Benyai. 

Simla f  ifie  6th  Komnther,  1871. 

Sra, — ^In  reply  to  your  letter,  No.  500,  dated  9th  Ultimo,  on  tlio 
gubject  of  a  proposed  aeries  of  Deep  Sea  Dredging  operations^ in 
Indian  waters,  and  the  allotment  of  the  Steamer  for  the  purpose, 
I  am  diret^ted  to  inform  you  that  Hi  a  Excellency  the  Governor- 
General  in  Council  much  regrets  that  it  is  not,  at  present,  possi" 
ble  to  promise  the  services  of  a  vessel.     The  request  will,  however^ 

I  borne  in  mind  and  due  intimation  given  of  any    arrangementa 
"Vhich  may  hereafter  become  feasible.     Copies  of  the  Offico  Memo- 
randum and  enclosures  accompany. 


To  J3«>  Excetlmcy  the  Commander -in-Okkf^  Hpt  MajcAty^g  Naval 

ForceHf  EaU  Indies,. 
8ii^^ — I  am  directed  to  acquaint  jou  that  a  telegram   to  the  fol- 
lowing effect  has  this  day  been  despatched  to  you : — 

Your  letter  of  9th  October,  and  telegram  of  23rd,  Your  Excellen- 
cy's proposals  regarding  "  Dryad"  approved. — She  should  go  to 
Bombay  for  repair  and  fittings  and  be  back  at  Sandhends  by  last 
week  of  December  to  take  the  King  of  Siam  up  to  Calcutta* 

Enclosure  of  letter  No.  18  of  18th  October  will  have  informed 
Your  Exf'fjllency  that  a  man-of-war  is  now  required  at  Sandheads 
only  to  meet  the  King  of  Slum. 

I  have  &c., 
(Sd,)         H.  K.  BuBKR,  Col<m«it  Seey.  to  the  Govt,  of  India. 

Smla^  the  27th  October,  lti7L 


296 


Proee§ding8  of  tlw  AMiatic  ^ntitij. 


[Dec 


Chmmmmt  nf  India,  Marine  Department,  Simla,   lit  Nowmber^  18tl. 
Office  MEMoitAJCDtrM. 

Witli  referenoe  ix>  the  commumcation  from  the  Department  of 
No.     423,     dated     28th    Agriculture,  Hevenue  and  Commerce,  noted 

October,  1871.  in  the  margm,  the  undersigned  haa  the 

honor  to  transmit  copy  of  a  letter  from  His  Excellency  the  Com- 
mander-in- Chief  of  Her  Mttjesty's  Naval  Forces,  dated  9thOctoher, 
and  of  the  reply,  No.  86,  dated  27th  October,  regarding  Her  Majes- 
ty's Ship  '*  Dryad/' 

%  The  "  Dryad *'  will  proceed  to  Bombay  for  repairs  and  return 
to  the  Sandheads  the  last  week  in  December,  to  meet  and  convey 
the  King  of  Siam  to  Calcutta.  She  may  perhaps  afterwards  be 
required  to  proceed  to  Burmah,  so  that  it  is  much  regretted  that 
it  is  not  at  present  possible  to  promise  that  her  serviceB  shall  be 
available  for  other  duty,  but  the  re<jue8t  will  be  borne  in  mind. 

(Sd.)        H.  K.  BcujfE, 
Setretary  to  the  Governmmi  of  Inditt. 
lb  tk$  Sifpartmmt  of  Affruulture,  Itevenw  mut  Comtmr€$. 


lycm  Mis  Excellencf/  the  Commander-in-Chief  of  Met  Majesty* s  Naval 
Forces^  Emt  Indies, 

To  Major  General  H.  W.  Norman,  0.  B.  Secretary  to  the  Go^emfnent 
of  India f  Marine  Department. 
H.  M.  S.  **GiABGow/'  TrincomaUie,  9M  Octoher,  1B71. 

Sm, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter 
oftli6  2l8t  ultimo. — (Marine  Department  No,  34)  oonveying  the 
recpieat  of  His  Excellency  the  Viceroy  for  H.  M.  S*  **  Wolverene'* 
to  be  sent  to  the  Isthmus  of  Kra  in  January  next  to  embai'k  the 
King  of  Siam  who  is  about  to  visit  British  India. 

I  have  to  inform  you  that  tlie  ''  Wolverene*'  has  sailed  for  the 
East  Coast  of  Afi-ica,  my  Fkg-ship  (the  **  Glasgow")  taking  her 
place  here. 

Some  time  since  I  received  a  letter  from  Mr*  Stoliczka,  the  Soore- 
tary  to  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal^  requesting  my  co-operation 


1871 .]  ProeeedingB  of  the  Asiatic  Society.  297 

in  a  scientific  exploration  of  the  sea  of  Bengal.  I  answered  that  I 
would  take  an  early  opportunity  to  consult  with  the  Viceroy  and 
to  suggest  that  "  the  Second  Vessel  of  War'*  stationed  in  this  sea  be 
BO  employed. 

I  wish  now  to  propose  that  the  "  Dryad"  (the  Second  Vessel  of 
War)  a  ship  of  1000  tons,  be  substituted  for  the  "  Wolverene;" 
and  that  on  her  arrival  at  Bombay  next  month,  (for  repairs)  suffi- 
cient accommodation  be  temporarily  added  for  the  use  of  the  scien- 
tific gentlemen,  who  would  embark  for  the  Marine  explorations  ; 
this  additional  accommodation  would  render  her  a  very  suitable 
vessel  to  embark  His  Majesty  of  Siam. 

I  do  not  think  the  expense  of  this  extra  cabin-room  would  cost 
above  £100. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  His  Excellency  the  Viceroy's  opinion 
upon  this  proposition. 

I  have,  &c., 

(8d.)  J.   B.  COCKBUBN. 


APPENDICES. 


1 


Apptndix  A. 


305 


•a" 


-3 


J  ® 


PUi. 


^ 


I 


1 


I 

s| 

1^ 


t^  rH  ^ 

00  00         db 


1. 


•i 
1 

GQ 


GQ 

I 


Hi 


^ 


i  i 

I    I 


^^.        ao6                                     Jg^mdi^B.                                     ^^H 

I^^V                                   APPENDIX  B.                                    ^^1 

^^L          List  of  Donations  (not  including  BgoUm^  or  othm*  puhUcatiom  and  MSS.^    ^H 

^^^H                  iht^ie  being  achtowUdged  m  thf  monthly  lih*arg  list*/,                   ^H 

^^r          [Objoots  marked  with  &a  astorisk  hAve  beau  trannfurr^d  to  the  TrUBie€8  of  Uio     ^H 

^^H                                                                  Indian  Muscttm]«                                                             ^H 

^^^^                       DoQore. 

DoEatioas.                       ^H 

H        Dali,  Th6  Hev.  0.  H 

,*  Three  Kepal  coins.                          ^M 

H        Fidle,  Capt.  J.  Y 

♦A  skin  of  the  great  Albatross,     ^^ 

Diomedea   exulans,   shot  off          1 

the  Gape.                                             1 

^M        Perrar,  M.  L.,  Esq  ,  0,  S 

Two  silver  and  six  copper  coins          J 

dug  up  at  Qanauj*                        ^J 

H        Fodter,  J.  M.,  Esq.,  M.  E.  0.  P. 

Three  A^saui  dmaU  silver  coins*     ^H 

^K^  Graliam}  Major,  J.  M 

*A   group    of   rudely    moulded      ^H 

brass     figures,     ropresenting      ^H 

''Lushais'*   and   their   social     ^H 

habits.                                           ^B 

^^^  Hamilton,  Col.  T.  0. 

*A  largo  round  gold  coins  very     ^| 

thini  somewhat  more  than  au      ^| 

inch  in  diamoter.                           ^H 

^r  *f '"^^'  ^^^^^  "^^  M.  N.  L  • . . . 

*An  Qgg  of  Mugapodius  Nicoba*      ^H 

rien^is  &om  Kamorta  island      ^| 

and  the  carapace  of  a  remark*      ^| 
ably   shaped    Pagurid    crab      ^H 

from  one  of  the  small  Nicobar      ^H 

islands*                                          ^^^ 

^H       Newmaiii  Dr •  *  • 

Five  silver  eoiuB.                             ^H 

^K       Prankissen  Cliatterji,  Babu,  * . .  • 

A  stone    seal,    found  west  of     ^| 

Bardwan.                                       ^H 

^^^P&djendralMa  Mitra,  Babu,     .  *  * . 

*A   dried    specimen   of  a    nevr^^^f 

species  of  Scinous.                  ^^^^| 

^^^  fiamuelU,  Capt.  W.  L.  ........ 

*Two  copper  tixcs.                        ^^^^H 

INDEX. 


Page 

A'azzuddin  imprisoned, ..••••  127 

Abbey  (W.),  Election  of, <t 66 

Abdul  Latif  on  the  Mubammadan  who  first  studied  Sanscrit,  142 

Abdurrahim,  Mirza,  Akbar's  £ban  XliATiAn^   .» ,  141 

Ablabes  coUarisj 191 

„        Humberti,  Notes  on,  ...•...«  • 173 

Abromis  albo-superciliaris, « « « • 249 

,,        zanthoschistos, •  •  • ^ 248 

Abid  Farah,  Sayyid, .  127 

Acanthodactylus  Cantoris,    ••»..., 1 93 

Aeanthophthalmus  pangia, *•»•••••• 202 

Accounts,  Annual,     « . . . « • o zx — ^xzxiv. 

Acbarasara,  Tantra, 283 

Acheiris  jibha,  «•••••• • * 201 

,y       kuknijibhaj • 201 

Acbyber  temple, ,  254 

Adbhuta  S^ra  Sangraha, 282 

Admiral  de  la  Haye, 87 

Aeiris  oynoglossus, 201 

Afziin, 98 

A&unganj  named  after  Eajah  Aizun,    « 100 

Ageniosus  militaris,  •••««.  4 202 

Agra,  Dutch  trade  in,   .  • • .  •  * « 87 

Ahichatta,   a 248 

Ahitagner  Anteehthiprayoga, 7 

Ahmad  Khan  (Nawab  Ziauddin),  Election  of, 56 

Ailia  bengalensis,  ....it 199 

Ainah  Mahall, , , , . ,  .    275 


Page 

Akshamilika  TJpanisliad, ..*,,.«»  ^  ......••* «  283 

Alaudfl  guttata , 210 

Aldis  (J.  A.),  Election  of,  •  • , . , , 225 

Alexander  {J.  W.),  Election  of, 120 

Alg«e,  Fiftli  List  of, 170 

„     List  off  from  Birma,  . , « « ..««.•••«.  173 

All  Tabar  imprisoned,   ....,....; *  127 

Allahabad,  Dut^h  trade  in, * « .  87 

Allah  Upaniehad,  Note  on  thei   . .  • .•,•,.•  HO 

Amara  Beva,  *•...*, .•.•••«••....• *••#••  255 

Ambaseis  bogoda •  1 1  •  •  •  •  •  1 9d 

„         oblonga,     .....,*,.. • 199 

Amberleya, *..«...«•••  113 

Amblyopufi  braohigaster, « 204 

„           ciiTbatus, , ,  204 

„          co^oulus,   «.......•.»..« 204 

,1          Hormanmanus, .*....... 204 

,y          tenia,    «*....*. .«.*........ 204 

Aninicola, * «■•••»••  113 

Amery  (0.  r.)i  Witbdi^awal  of,    2 

Anaboona  mollia *  • « , , . «  170 

Ananta  Yarmd, «.*.., ,,,,,.., » . .  •  259 

Anculotus  earinatu.s, 109 

Anderson  (Dr.  T.),  Beatb  of, 22 

„         (Dr*  J.),  on  a  new  Scincus,    , , 1 V5 

J,  „        on  a  new  Mabouia,  and  on  two  genera  of 

Eurylepis  and  Plocederma, 180 

Angika, 102 

Angiiilla  niaculata,    . . .  •  • 201 

J,        bengalensiB,    • , ,  201 

Annada  KalpB, , « • » «  282 

Annapm-na  Upanishad, •....•••  283 

Anumitirahasja, w. .. ....,« ,.  283 

Antimachus  Nikepboros,  Coin  of,   ..........♦,.,..*.»,  *•, 

Antiquities  of  Harclioka, ••.... , 

,»  of  Jajpur, , 135, 


Antifiuitiea  of  Jesar-Isliwaripur,     • ..«.••.  135 

Aparokshaaubliutij « 282 

Apollodotug,  Coin  of, •  • *  • * . .  •  276 

Arlua  arioidee,    ,.»..•• ,•.•.•.*•• 1  ^^ 

Arrakan,  OelU  from  north,   , , , 88 

Arakan  shells, *••••  284 

Arura,  History  of, , 247 

Aaellia  Stolicikana,   , 105 

AsKtaka,  Ganga, 282 

Aspidoparia  jaya, *  207 

„          morar,  ••«,«.. ^ .  •  •  •  * .  206 

As/oka,  Pillars  of,  , . . , 17 

Assam  Coins, 234 

AthaiTa  Upanishads, # 6 

Atheriaa  dhani, i  .....»...*.•••  •  205 

,,        danius, .*..•. •  205 

Atkinson  (E.  1\),  Ee-olection  of, • 177 

Atma  punlna, •.••....•    •  •  • •  0 

AtmoBpherio  pressure,  Day  maxima  and  minima  of,    1 7 

Attar  Sing  f iSirdar)  on  the  history  of  Arura,     242 

Auditors^  Election  of,     « * , 52 

Avdoll  (JO,  Death  of, • . . . .  •  22 

AjTton  (W.  E  ),  Election  of, •  • 82 

„               on  bad  insulators,  ...*.. •  * .  * 75 

„  on    tho    method    of    testing     Telegraph 

Earth, 22 

,,               on  Thunderstorma, 145 

„               on  Inertia  and  Time,  ..•,...,,,...    1 60 

,t               on  a  new  Gaivenometer,  .•.••»,, 47 

Badis  Buehanani « ,<«•.. 205 

Bahram  Darwieh  Saqqa,  Tomb  of,.*.* • 128 

Bairam  Xhan,  Akbar*s  Khan  Khanan,  , .  #  • •  •  141 

BaiydaikadhikaraQa  m&l^,     , 7 

Balasore.  Grants  of  lands  at, 87 

Balavi,  Governor-General  of, *  •  •  ^l  j 

Ball,  y,,  on  a  new  method  of  stufEng  birda,  ••.. 24S 


BaU    (7')  Names  of  birds  in   foiiTi  aboriginal  language 

of  Weatern  Bengal,   1 36 

B^mangbati,   ,..^ ••*••  1^0 

Bdmaubasti,   « •••••*. ....*••.*•  ISO 

B&naberlya,     •••  p .  p  t  ...•••.»»••  • • 277 

Bai*ahduwar  0*   .•,,,.  •,,^..,» 274 

Barbua  barna, ...«#• 209 

y,       Beavani,    •••.•#,••••»,  «^» ••••••••*«•  209 

II       CGUcbomuSy    *•..•,•• 205 

II       cosuatis, ..,«..,,. •  * 207 

II       gelius, i .  207 

,,       morarensie^   *....*»••,•..... *....<•  207 

II       muBala, •#••• ..,.••...»•  207 

„       pbutunlo, 207 

„       litiua, -  207 

BurdwaDp  A  Btone  seal^m,   *»*, 15d 

Barba  Sayyidi •  •  •  127 

Bariliiis  cocrai •«........ 200 

II       reriOi , .* 208 

II      tUeOi , 207 

BarometeTi  iJiurnal  oscillations  of, H 

,,         Errora  of  SStimdard^ 217 

Barometric  curves,     •..«•• 60 

Barsee  IVklee,  Antiquities  of, 1 

Baaevi,  (Oapt  J.  l\j,  Witbdrawal  of, 2 

BataYia,  Acoount  euiTenta  of, 91 

Batraclioides  gangeue, 204 

Batratibua  grmnuie  .^, , , , , 204 

Buta  (Malayan)  of  Dr.  Stolicika, , .  1 05 

I,    Ke w  Persian, .,•.«,••......,  138 

Battery,  Eiectroiaotive  force  yf  a,   221 

,1       HesiHtunce  of  a| , ,  • « ^ , . ,  220 

Baudbayana  Somay^ga,    « •••••  Tl 

„           Suti-a  vritti,  ...,,. J 

Bayley  (E.  C  ),  on  gold  Coin  of  Firuz  Sbab  Zafar 8S 

Bearan,  (Litut.  E),  Deatb  of, 22  ] 


Beeatoopore,  Purchase  of  land  at, 90 

Behar,  PJiotograplis  from,    , 251 

Beuoditt  (K.),  Election  of,    • , .  • .  #  66 

Bengal,  Arabic  iuseriptions  of,    «,**««««#t#««t«* «•  245 

Belteah, , 270 

Bliag^ulpur,  Legends  and  Ballads  of, *  lift 

Bibliotheea  ludica.  Report  on,     ».,.••* ••«•« •  25 

BUireji 09 

Bihrilz  Singh,    , . . .  . « 98 

Bird^  froDi  Kaniptii    .,.•,,,.•«««« 78 

,,    Names  of,  in  four  languages, , , , 135 

,^     from  SUckim, , .i  ••.»•••••  215 

Blanford  (H.  1\)  on  Barometric  curves,     ,  60 

j,                    on  errors  of  Calcutta  Standard  Baro- 
meter,     , , , , , , 217 

,1                    on  Thunder-storms, «.»....... 1-18 

(W.  T.),  on  chipped  implemente, 179 

,,  Notes   on   Hemidactylus  marmoratus 

and  Ablahos*  numborti » , » .  ITS 

f»                      Visit  to  Independent  Sikkim,    167 

,t                     on  Ma4:^Master'fi  Nagpur  Birds^, . .  • . .  155 

,^                     on  Sikkim  birds,  .,,,,,.» ♦ 215 

y»                     on  the   Zoology  of  Independent  Sik- 
kim,     •*.•••...... • .  226 

.  ,,                      on  Wardah  Birds,    ...,. 116 

Bligh  (C.  F.)*  Election  of,     . , 91 

Blochmann  (H*)  on  Allah  Upanishad,   *  • . , , HG 

yf                      on  Arabic  Inscriptions,  .« , •.•••»•..•  245 

ly                     on  Arabic  and  Persian  Inscriptions^    ».»,  126 

ti                    on  several  Aiabic  and  Persian  Inscriptions,  116 

If                    on  Mr,  Ferrar*s  letters, • ,  • 178 

i,                      on  Gakk'hars, *.•..•*.*  104 

II                     on  Hai'choka  inseription^  »••••••••....«  238 

If                     on  Major  Stubb's  Coin,*  .«,«•«••«• 97 

n                   o^  Xa?ier*B  Life  of  the  twelve  Apostles,...  108 

Eodhi  Drum,  ..,.,,,,,♦..* ^ , ,  255 


312 


Ikimh 


Page 

Bolagoha, 207 

Botio  dario, ., , 202 

Bourne,  (W. ),  Election  of, , 82 

„        (T,  M.),  Election  of,   82 

Bowring  (L.  B.)»  Withdrawal  of, 53 

Bralitnajndna-Tualia-tantra-sara,  ...,.,- ,  282 

,,           Tantra,     , .,  282 

Brahmajoni  Hill,   . , , ,  •. 254 

Brahmo  Dntt  Chobay,  ,.•*.,..*..•.• 98 

I  Braj,  Notes  on  the  Country  of^     93 

BrajaDsth  Sioha,  Coin  of,    .•...•.•... 234 

Brigga  (J.  A.),  Election  of, 225 

Broadley's  (A.)  Inscriptions,     ..*•.... 245 

Brooka  (E.)  on  new  Abrornis,  * 248 

„                 Cashmere  Ornithology,      209 

,1                 on  a  new  Flamingo, 284 

Brough,  (R  80,  Election  of, 1 

Buckland(C.  T.)i  Election  of,  ..., 137 

Buckle,  (H.).  Election  of, , .  177 

Buddamati,  Eaja, 248 

Budh  Oya, • , .....#.. 254 

Bukra,  Antiquities  of,    •.....••«.  t 270 

Burrabur, * .«..»•..*.••••.•  256 

BurragaoQ,  Photographs  of, ,,,.......,.•  268 

Burranagore, , .•.•..•........••..«.«  30 

Bythinia, , U3 

Cachius  atpar, 208 

Cadell's  (A*)j  Arabic  inscriptions,    126 

Calidris  arenaria,    249 

Calliclirons  pabo, ......,«  199 

Oallineorus  chaka, 204 

Oarcharias  gangeticus, • , ,. 201 

Carllyle'a  (A.)  inscriptions, •  126 

bCaahmir  Ornithology, 209 

tCassimbazar,  Purchase  of  land  at,  ««•«*•«•, •  90 

[Catenella  opuiitia, «•«•«••• 172 


Index.  813 

Catla  Buchanam,  , 208 

Caves  of  Lomasha  Rslii,    257 

„       Sudama  Rslii, 257 

Celts  from  Arracan,  83 

„          Khangaon,   238 

Centropomns  baciilis,     199 

„            bagoda,    199 

„            kanipabda, 199 

„            pabda, 1 199 

„            phulchanda,    , 198 

Certhia  familiaris, 209 

„       Hodgsoni, 209 

Cerithidea  obtusa, 114 

Chaca  Buchanani, 199 

Ghadar,    , , 102 

Chaibasa,  Inscriptions  from,     180 

Chambers  (F.  J.)  struck  off      58 

Cliandm  Sikhur  Banerji  on  Jajpur,     135,  155 

Chand,  Poems  of, 137 

Chandronmilana, .......••    •••  280 

Cbarasia  Blanfoidana, 194 

„        tricarinatus,    , ,,  194 

Chauraklvya  Satika, 282 

Chayanapaddiiat] 7 

Cheilodoptams  butibere, 204 

Chela  laubuca,    , ,  208 

Cheon,  Photograph  of, 266 

Chhajhu  Sayyid,    127 

Chhanda  Sutra, , 7 

Chhandoga  Paris  'ishja, 283 

Chillor,  Photographs  of,  268 

Chinsura,  Dutch  records  ifrom, . . . . ,   85 

„         Police  regulatione,    . . . . , 92 

Chipped  implements  from  the  Qodaveri, 179 

Chishohn  (E.  F.),  Election  of, 177 

Chastomorpha  chlorotica, 172 


ai4 


IndiM. 


ClifGtophora  radians, . 
Chola 


102 


ICholaka, , •  *  *  ♦  * • .  • .  • 102 

Chola  range,   ....  * • , t  • .  *  * l^*i 

ChriBtiatiBon,  (L.),  a  Dutch  gentleman, 91 

ChtlionoblaatuB  Lyngbyei,     ,,,.,**,,,,. , 172 

Cliumandko,    ,•••....*«....•. ,**.**•*»• •  167 

ChumLi  valley « , » .,.,,,  1 G7 

Chu^icken, ,  * * . . . .   •  107 

Ginclus  sordiduSy , 228 

Clrrhina  mrigala,    ^  « .f^rfir^^  *«^«.'«  t 206 

Clarke,  (C,  B.),  Election  of, , . , v ,  •  .w^ ,  •  55 

Clupanodon  champil,     , ...»•.  205 

„            chapra, ..,,,,, 205 

,,            indioa,    ,. 205 

„           moti, ,,.«•..  205 

„           Bubfeniopharika ;  ,  • , ..,..,.  .  205 

Cltipea  Indioa, 205 

Clupeotdea  pseudopterns, , 205 

Gobitis  bolgaroy  ,*,.,.... , 20$ 

liilturio, ..,.•, 202 

chimo,  ....•••. ••••••••••  t  .••■••«....«••. .  203 

oorica,     •.•••».••.. • 202 

cncurca, 202 

geto — 202 

gongota,  ^ , 4 . . .  i . .  202 

guntea, * •  t ..*...  202 

khorika, 202 

pangia, 202 

Sadanandio, , 20S 

sayonai ....••.... •    •  •  •  * 202 

turio, - 202 

ckburn  (J.  F.),  Withdrawal  of, 276 

Coilia  ramcarati, 205 

Coins  from  Asam, 234 

,1    Indo-Bacti-ian,     «   #•#••«*»•# « ^^^ 


IniUx, 


tl5 


Coma  of  Brajan^tlia  Sinlia, , 234  • 

„     of  CliediiLa  Island, .,.•*••,,.,►•..•»    • .  * . .  61 

„     of  Fifdz  Shah  Zafar, 83 

„     of  Fmiz  BKali  IH  of  DehH, , 119 

„     of  Huj^aiu  Shah  of  Jaunpur, •  •  •  •  119 

,,     of  Ibrahim  Shah  of  Jaunpur,    119 

1^     of  MuhonLmad  Bodar  Bakht, 97 

II     from  Nopal,, , *•••  55 

,1     from  Qanauj,    *,......« ••••#».  110 

,,     cabiaet,  Heport  on  the, ,  *  • .  ..«•••  28 

Coiua  Izivittattia .,...*........«••.#•  203 

Committees,  Election  of, ,   68 

Compsosoma  Hodgsoni, .  * , ..*••...••  191 

Conferva  Antillarium .».»•.  172 

Conservation  of  Sanecrit  MSS.  Eeport  on 277 

>*                        „               Correspondence  on,  . , , 3 

Cooke  (H,  G.),  Election  of, 225 

Copper  axes  from  Pa<;humba, •  •  231 

Coraccias  gfarrula, 249 

Corica  gubomia, .•#•....••.«•«...  205 

,,     Boboma, p 205 

Corona  of  the  sun, 129 

Cottns  chaka,  , 204 

Council,  Election  of  the, 51 

I,       Election  of  a  new  members, 137,  225 

Cremnobates  Bjhadrengis, ...,•.,*......,.  -109 

Cremnoconchus,  Anatomy  of,  .  *  *  • « *•••«.  108 

,j               carinatus, • 112 

,,               BjhadrenBlB, 108 

C^ossochiluB  gohama, •  • « •  •  206 

„           latins, 20e 

„          aada, « 206 

Curtoy»(W.  J.),  Election  of, 82 

Cjdonema, «• .• 113 

Cjclophorus, i ^4« •«« • 114 

CjclOBtomuB, «.. t «*.  113 


CylindrospermBm  spiral©, , 171 

Cjnogloasus  lingTia,  ..,.••,,,•, 201 

Pynoptenifl,    , . , , » .  * 103 

Cyprinidce,  Indian, * ,  19,  155,  209 

CypriniiB  angra, • 206 

II  aBJaua,    «»..« i*«« •*....  207 

„  atpar,   208 

„  balibala,  , , . , 208 

„  balitora,     « 202 

,,  bangaiia,     • 206 

„  barna, ..*•.,...  ^* . .  208 

„  barila, 207 

„  bata,    . , . . , ,' • .  •  • .  206 

,,  bimacfulatua,  , » ,  • , , , »  207 

I,  bhola, , , , , 207 

»  boga, 206 

,f  bola,    ..« 207 

,1  biikrangij    • 206 

^1  cacliius i  .»...•• • . « .  •  203 

„  canius, .,*...•••.»  207 

,,  cliagimio,    ,«.......** ...,• 208 

,,  cbedra, 206 

,1  cocsai  .....•,,,......•. 206 

^,  conclioniuflj     .....••• »•.••.,  205 

,1  cosuatis,      , 207 

*j,  c-nrabati-bata, • 206 

,,  ciirsi, 206 

,1         CUTBlSi i *•»*••*«.. «  207 

„  dangila, ,, 208 

„        dero, 206 

„        dbrenra, < , ,  206 

„       diaDgra-gobamai  • , , , 206 

„       Dyangra  aujana,  , 207 

„        elonga,   , ,  206 

,,       geUtis,     207 

,^       geH  pimtii 207 


InAx.  ^^^V  317 

Cypi-mTi3  godiyari,..,. ♦***,. 206 

If  gobs, *....»,.•.•.•...«•.,  207 

fj  gohamo,...*, ,. 206 

,,  gonius,    , ., o 207 

„  gora, ,... .....•••  208 

„   .    guganio, . ,  •  • 205 

,,  Jaujali,  ,...,.,.  •. .».» 205 

»  jaya, 207 

„  Joalius, 205 

„  jogia,..,., ,..., ,  082 

„  kauipunti,.,. „,.« .^,„  207 

5,  kii'ki  joBgja,  ......t ..., .',  208 

,,  khoksa, 206 

,,  korikon,     ,..•.. * 205 

^,  koswati,...,... .....* , , 207 

„  lamta, 206 

„  lati,.. , 206 

,,  latiiiSj ,...,.. ,,..» 206 

,,  laiil>ucaltt, 208 

„  layukuli, 208 

„  loya,    ..,, .„... ,..  205 

„  moralo, .,.,.. .,,..  206 

„  morar,    ...,,...-. ,.  206 

„  mrigaki 206 

I,  mosala,   . .  *  • .•••••. ....•,.••.».  ^07 

,,  nandin,  ..t.^.* .....•• .«••  j207 

„  pliakra, 208 

„  pangusiya, 206 

,,  paufiid, «.•*  205 

„  phulo, 207 

„  pliulchelai, 207 

„  pkutuuiOf  •••..,. •••**•*.••.•••••«..•«••.••••  20 

„  puugsi, .....4^..i. 2oa 

„  rerio,  «,.....«...... ...*«. 20f| 

„  sada, 20 

„  sada  balitora, •  206 


C^rpriBus  sutilia,    ......«#  2UB 

„       terio, * ,  205 

p,        teripimgtiy •• » 205 

„        tilei, * 207 

„        tiloo,     207 

„        titius,   ...♦. •....  207 

„        tor,   „.,. 207 

„       vagra, * 305,  208 

Dacca,  Prencli  property  at,  •,,,.♦     , , ...•••  g  • .... «  87 

Dolhouaie,  Variations  of  the  Barometers  at, 14 

Daaio  dangila,    .,..«•..... 208 

„      jungja, .• 208 

Dapthu,  Pliotograplis  of,  .,....,... , . . , 269 

Dira  Sliikoli,  translated  by  Duperroy, , » , .  5 

Dareana  Ksilika, *  282 

Dars'apaumamaea  prayaschitta  kiriki^ 7 

Darwin  {C,)>  elected  an  honorary  member,    * 120 

,j          proposed  an  honoraiy  member, ••*»»••,  07 

Datt^troya  Sanliita, 282 

Baud  Klian, 262 

,,           Governor  of  Bihar, 133 

Dfeiidnagar,  Photographs  of,    ,  • , ,  *  262 

Daiikee,  (F,  0.),  Election  of,   ,  1 

Day  (Dr,  F,)  on  Iniliau  Cyprinido?, , , 1 9 

„            „           on  Indian  Cyprinidio, ,....*. 155 

,^  ,y  on  Hamilton  Buchanan's   original  draw* 

ings, .«. .  • 105 

„            „          on  Indian  Cyprinido^, *..,. .,,,..,...,  20^ 

Delmerick  (J.  G,)  on  the  Gakk- hars, ....,,.,  1 04 

„              ,^      Arabic  inscriptions,   , 126 

^              „      on  discovery  of  Indo-Bactrian  coims,  ....  276 

Deokund,  Photography, , 262 

Deonaxayana  Sing  (Kaja  Sir),  Death  of,  .......».•*•..,.  22 

Deo  on  the  west  of  Oomga, 265 

Dera  Ismail  Khan,  Notes  on, •••....,  17 

Devikavacha, , . ,  282 


Index.                ^^^p  319 

Page 

Bhorawat, , 260 

Dhuti , , ,  1 02 

Dickens  (CoL  A.  D,),  withdrawal  of, .......; 178 

Digdrisyavivarana  Akhyai  «...••••••••*•,.«.**.•*..      . .  7 

Diomedea  exulana,    , , , • .  82 

Dipsas  bubaUua,    , , , , • * » 192 

„      Eorstenii .....•*,• 192 

,,      Iiexagonotiis, •••«. *.*k,  192 

,^      trigonotai ,*••.*»..... 192 

DiscogBathua  lamta,  ».«•••.. .«••* 206 

Divja  Chudamaoip •«•*•• 283 

I>ia-kong  tongf 168 

DoIjo  Bliairam,  the  atrologer, ♦ 99 

Dobson  (Q.  E.)  on  hqw  bats,  •«• •«•.*, 77 

„            „       on  a  new  Kerivoula, • 77 

„            ,,       on  new  Indo-Chinese  VeBpertilionidal,  .  * , .  210 

y,            },       on  Malayan  Bats, • ,  • 105 

y,            ,y        on  Persian  Bats, 133 

Docogloasa, •    ,.•«•••• •  95 

Dolarohana-paddhati,  , • -..,.,......  282 

Donee  Chaiidj  author  of  a  History  of  the  Gakk^hars, •  104 

Dredging  (Deep  sea)  Carrespondence  on, 286 

Drees  in  ancient  India,  Style  of, , ••.••. • 100 

Duhan  (n,),  Struck  off, 58 

Dunceticola  a£B.nis,  «... •«•...«• •••••»••..  210 

„         major,  ..*«..• ....  260 

Dofgid^dinama  stotra, '   282 

DupeiTon's  translation  of  Dara  Shikoh, ♦  *  * .    • .  5 

Duration  of  the  totality  of  Eclipae  of  Dec.  11,   ....,, 1 29 

Diirjim  Sal,  Eaja,  .,, ., 133 

Dutch  records, * » , 65 

„       trade  in  Oudh,    ...•.•••.••. 87 

Dvijendranatha  T^i^kura  Election  of, ......  • 65 

Dvitiyadvitiyatpatti  vada,    •.•••.»..••«••.,..  .#«•».••  ...•••  285 

Earthr^uako  in  Sind....... ..  ,•««,«••• • 56 

EchineEa, 113 


320 


Inie3i, 


Pagi 

Eclipse,  Memorandum  on  the  total,  of  Deer,  11     .,, , 128 

Ekimra  chandrikai 7 

,,       pnrdna, ,  • , ,.•*.««  7- 

„       cliaiidrika^ ...«• •••  7 

EkaksKara  Upaniflliad, .•. ..•..- 283 

Electromotive  force  of  a  Battery,.,, , *...#.  221 

Eleotris  butis, 204 

Esos  angulatus, 205 

Eumoces  sciitatus, , , 184  ^j 

f »       pariinontatus,  ..•••..  ^  ...,,« • 183^| 

Euprepes  laaoularius, ..,,.,,.., *...>,• 1^4  ^^ 

,,       monticola,    ,.****... ,  1*J4 

Eiirylopis^  troaiolatus .,» ,*•.,.. 180,  184 

Euspiza  rutila,     ,*.,.»*♦....  t 21 

Evezard  (Col,  J.  E.),  Election  of,    225 

Faiz  AHganj  named  after  Eajak  Faiz  AH, 99 

Parr  (G.  C),  Election  of, 5^1 

Farrukh  Siyar,    * , , , 127' 

Fath  Baliadui',  House  of,  . . , , , » 255 

Fergusson  on  the  art  of  Liiilding  among  the  Aryans,    ,,....  17 

Ferrar  (M.  L.),  on'Eaja  Todar  MaU's  birthplace, 178, 

Filiate,  (Capt.  A.  J.),  Election  of,   8ii 

Finance,  Report  on,    , 28 

Finiz,  Eeign  of, ,  246 

„       Shah  Zafar,  Coin  of, 119 

Flamingo,  Kew  species  of,    ..•.      , •  284 

Fleming  (Dr  J.  M.),  withdrawal  of, 278 

Forbes,  on  the  Mogul  invasion  of  Palamau, 179 

Foster's  (J.  M.),  Assam  silver  coins,  284 

„                     Election  of, 235^H 

Fulgo,  banks  of  the,  .,.,,. 25S^^ 

Gadadhara,  Photograph  of, , ,,......  258 

Gadinidaa  , 119 

Galvanometer,  A  new  form  of,     •  •  ^ 217 

GanguprasMa,  Election  of,   . , , , ,  .«..•«*».. 159 

„            SinUa,  Election  of,    « , 120 


dsa 


It^eat. 


Gimendramoliaiia  Thakura,  electioii  o^  •  * , • •*• 

Ouriigita,    «,•«•« •• 2fl 

Buru  Tantra • ,   *.• , ,       28 

Gulijatigiihya  Tantra,  ,., . . , , 28 

Gja,  Old  town  of,  .., , 26 

,y    P]iDtogi*aplxa  of,  • .•^,... .....*. ...**       282 

Gyawals,  Horses  of  the,    ...,*.  i  .**...*  • ••       2^3 

Gymno  dactyl  us  La  wderanusj  • ...<«..**..«»*..       194 

f^  maculatus,   ••., «....•«*•  *•.••       19<^^ 

^  marmoratoifi,     « • .„       ^S^H 

„  nebulosua,   ., .,•.*«....•• 194     ^ 

HabiburrahiMa  (MaiUavi)  election  of,   t..  •  • 120 

Hafk  Bahmat,  the  Eoliilah  chief, ' • 127      I 

Hakim  AH,  Faujdar  of  Sambal ^ 127 

Haji  Siilainian, ,.,  • * -•..*..• 271 

Halim  Kldn,  eon  of  Shamsuddii!,  ...•••••..•.•••.«...*..<••  247 

Halayudha'a  Pingala  Ckhandaautra, .« •  •  • 

Ilallsaliar,  ••.,... • • «•'•»..*»......  27fl 

Hamilton  (CoL  0.),  Election  of,  , .••••«..« 

Hamus, #*-...►•*,...  «..*.. 

Kara  BuelxaDani, ••... 

„     conta, , , 200 

Harchoka,  Antiquities  of,    57|  230,  283 

Harisckandra,  king  of  Eohtasgarh,    * ,  273 

HarkncBS  (T,  F.),  Election  of, .   , 52 

Haraoliandra  Cliaudhuri,  election  of, * •         55 

Harinama  nirita,     ......,, ••,•••  282 

Harrison's  (A*  8.),  inscriptions, •*•.••**••....*  126 

Hasan  Abdil,  Anrungzeb  at, , *  126 

Hastings,  Note  of  Warren, - * * .         80 

Hathiyaphul  gateway, 274 

Heliot}T;)e, 240       , 

HemidactyluB  aurantiacus,    , l9d|^H 

,,         Berdomorei,  .•,,,,,,,. .,»..., 193^^ 

,,        beugalensis,  ,.,.,.,,» - -•.••«•.  1 93 

,,        Coetroi, 193 


iemidactylus,  frenatus, 
giganieus, 
Gaudamai  ^ 
gracilis, 
Karenorom, 

Kelaarti,     , .,•••. *...    174, 

Leschenaultii, , * 1 74, 

maculatuB, 
Maude  liaaus, 
marmoratus;  Notes  on,, 
Mortoni, 
Piereeii, 
eulitriedrus, 
Sykesi, 
,,         tiriedruB, 
Hinulia  Duasimieri, 
„      indica, 
,1      maciilata, 
Biranjakes'i  aiitra, 
Horites  pallid U8« 
Horse^  Polydactyliflm  in, 
Hovendou  {Major  J,  J.),  Death  of,. 
Howell  {A.  P.)>  ^eotioQ  o^. 
Hum^jda  Bakht, 

,,         Death  of» 
Husain  6hah,  Coin  of, 

„      Khan  Sur,  father  of  Sher  Shah,. 
Hydrocoleum  Lenormandi, 
„  Tiolaceum, 

Hygrometric  obseryationi  on  the  plains  of  India,* 

Hypheothrix  investienti, 

subundiilata,    «,. ««. 

„  tenax,    ..* • 

H jpotriorchis  aubbuteo,  ...*•*••«   ••••,«••«•.••*• 

Hypoglossum  pygmoeunii • •  •    •  ■ 

Hypsirhina  enhjdrii,     ,....,,.» • . 


Ibrahim  Sh&h,  Com  of, ,.,. , 

„        lOiau  Patlijang,  ..,,,, • . .  - . 

Ichthyocampus  carce,     , , » 

Indian  Architecture,  Antiquity  of,  ,.«•.,.,,,., » . .  • 

„      Museum,  Br.  Stulitzka  a  trustee  of, .  • .  • 

Inertia  and  time,  Connection  between,    ,,,*»..,..•. 

Inscriptions,  Arabic  and  Persian, . , •  •  * .  , . . . , 

„  from  Agrah,  . , ♦...•••• 

II  of  B^Migal,  Arabic,    ......  •*....... 

,1  from  Bardwan, , .*....••••••••••«•«•• 

p,  irotn  Bareli,     * , . , . , « •  ■  •  •  • 

,,  from  B  ;r8ee  Taklee^.. •«•••»•,•,.#«.•.•• 

,,  from  Chaibasa, , ,    «•.... 

„  from  Cbutia  Nagpur, *. 

„  from  n  arch  ok  a, 

11  from  Pf irt  A tuik,  ...••.....*.<•  •  •  • 

^,  from  Slkandarpur,    »**...«..•• 

Isaac  (J«  S.)i  Eloetion  of, 

Ifiina  Sanhita, * ....•• 

leVara-gita,    ....«.«•« • .  • . » 

Iqbdlganj  named  after  Iqbal  Aili,    • .  •»•••« 

Jyotihsagara  sara, * •,..*. 

Jmina  Tantra,  *,.•*•« r , ., , 

Jigatzi,     ,«*. ,. , 

Jesar-Ishwaripur,  Antiquities  of,    ••..,•, 

Jelup-la,  *. .•*•** 

Jardine^  (E>]  Decease  of, ,. 

Japan  copper,  Bale  of,  .., » ,.*••»,,,,,,. 

Japalura  variegata,  , .,<...• •   •«  , ••*.,, 

,,        microlepifl,   ,, • 

James  (J.  0.  N,),  on   a  Thunderstorm  which  passed  over 
Calcutta, *». 

Jama, •  •  •  * « » • *.......,•,,. 

Jajpur,  Antiquities  of,     »•••• ••• ««. 

Jahandar  Shall  killed,   »..,•. 

Jagr^on,  HiBtory  oi,    ....•••••••»•, •«•*•#«#  • ... 


135 

I27j 

^47] 


indim,            ^^^^^V  tax 

Fag0 

Kaiqubad,    » ..,• , 98 

Kalkapore,  Water  course  of, ♦..•...  90 

Kalingpungin,  tlio  Baling  Dunr, . » , , • 167 

Kaliprasunna  Glioslja,  Election  of, 196 

„            8iiilia  Death  of,  ..... . • 22 

Kall-saliasrauama  stotra, .«,, .,...•«•••••••.  282 

Kali  Haliasran&ma,  . . .  « *,...«,. •••«*)«•!«.  282 

£alistaTa  raja, * .  282 

Kamba-jong   . . ... .  • ,,•,•••• ...  1 03 

Kimarupa  y4tra,     ....».••.. ,..*• **,  282 

„  „         paddkati,     •    282 

Kama  suti'd,    . . . « 7 

Kampti,  Birds  from, ,• ...* 78 

Kanthuko, .,,, , 102 

Kanclitilika,     102 

Kapila  SaDhtti,  ..••...•• ...«....•«»*•••.  ••..,  7 

Kama  Chapar,  Pliotograph  of,    2dS 

Karam  Bid  Khan,  tjhief  of  the  Oakkars^   . , 104 

KarpUTiietava  tika,    «, ...  S82 

Karacha,  Devi,  ......«•« 282 

„         Matrika  jaganmancjala,    223 

„         Vagalamukki,    , 282 

Kavenagh  (J.)^  Decease  of, , 22 

Kowwa  Dol  rock,    ,,,,,.,•...,., 237 

Kendowar  caste,     .......  •..,,. 98 

Kerivoula  fusea, , 215 

,,        Hardwiokii,   .*... 215 

I,         pieta 215 

Kesbada's  Prayogasiira, 7 

Ketantya  gate  of  Kohtasgarh, ..•••... 274 

Khai-akpitr,  Rajaha  of, , .•..,,  98 

Khorgo  Singh, ..•,, ., 99 

Khushgo,     » ,..  „  128 

King  (Dr.  G.)  elected  a  member  of  Council, 22*5 

Kispa,  Photographs  of,, ..••.••• , 201 

Indian  Lizardai ...» , 19i 


Pa^0 

Koel  river, 269 

Kotich,  Piiotographa  of,    •*....•»#» 263 

Kongra  Lama  pass, •••«•.••«•••**»»•  168 

Koaha,  M^trikfi,  . .  • ; 283 

„      Vija,     .. ..„  282 

Kshetra  maliatmya 282 

Kund  Petta  Miihewara,    254 

Kuntlus  (The)  of  Bli^cryakula, 277 

Kurkibur,  Photographs  of, 267 

Kurpasa, , , 102 

Kurz  (S.)  OB  Bengal  Algro, ,., 1 70 

Labeo  cursa,    , . . , , » ,„  206 

„      Dussunueri,  .,...•..«*.•« • » *  •  207 

„      morala ....••• 206 

,y      Bandina, , 207 

„      pangusia, ,••.*..,,  2U6 

Labrus  badi ...» ••«.,.*•  205 

„      darki, * 20^ 

Lacheo,    ,.,..,,.... 16^ 

Lachung • ,.  161 

Lacuna,    •.... •%• 10| 

Lacmiaria, 112 

LaharpUTy 178 

Lhassa,    ^ 1 G8 

Laldarwaza  of  Rohta&garh, , 275 

LandHhells  from  Moulmein, 209 

Landakia  melaBura, •........, lS9 

„         tuherculattt, 188,  18? 

Leeds  (B.  J.)>  Withdrawal  of, 

Lebra  in  Budb  Gj  a, 25| 

Leibleinia  Juliana, 17^ 

Lepidocephalichthjs  balgara^  . . , , , 202 

Leptorbytaon  jara, 192 

Leptothrix  mamillosa .•-•........... .„.,  173 

„          muralis,    ,. ,  17J| 

tepus  tebetanufl, ,  . , 28 


Indm. 


S27 


Letlibridge  on  the  Dutch  records,   .,,•.«,..••..,  77, 

,1  on  the  Gakkhars  m  Tibet , , •  •  • 

Leucosticte  hoematopy gia ,  • . » # 

Library,  AdaitiL>iis  to  the,  19,  53,  78,  93,  117,  156,  135.  175, 

222,  228,  250, 

,,        Annual  Boport  on, ,.....,♦ 

Lingtu *..... 

List  of  Dutch  records, , 

LithoglyphuB,  .,...•.....«•.. 

Littorlna , 

Lizards,  Little  known,  •••.,..  «•.«.............•,......,.. 

Lourya  near  Are-raj , 

Lushais,  Figures  represeDting  the, , ., 

Lyman  (B.  S  )  a  life  member, ,    * .  * 

Lyngbya  cincinuata,  ,  *  , , » • .  ♦ ..•,•„. 

„         cinerascena, ♦  * . . . , •-.,•  .  *.. »... 

„         inajuscula, .» 

Mabouia,  Blytliiant^, •....•• 

,,         tfouiolata,    .... •  

Mackenzie  (Dr.  8.  C.)»  Withdrawal  of, 

Macnamara  (Dr*  F,  N  )  Ee-election  of, 

Macroglossusi  minimus,    , •* . , 

^j  spelteus,  .. ,  .  , * . . . 

Macrones  cavasius, » . , 

,,        ilchkeea,  ...,.,,.*. 

„        tengana,  •  •  *  *  ^  • 

,,        tengara, 

,,        trachacanlhua, 

Madana  p;iiijat<i»   ..- •*-,.. 

Mttdliu  Sing  uf  Kokra, . ,  r. ...« 

Mrklial  Sarai  palace,    *,.*.....«....•.. ,.. 

MaLavira  Sv.imi» •  t  •  •  •  •    •    •      . .  ^ » 

[ahda  north  of  Kharakpur,    , , ••»•• 

Halopterure  kazali, <m»**«>* ^ • •••. 

Malapteruiiia  coila, ..•••••«...* ,........,.., 

Mancar  near  Boodbood, , , , .   ,,.,,». », 


P&fe 

Mn  Stog,  Ticeroj  of  BOiAT,    ..,, ..,., 274 

Mmrgaiah  Pmi oonilnkctod  I17  Attnmgzeb#„    ••*•«••••••.  126 

Maitensy  Luiof  BarBta  AlgSD, ITS 

ILirtin,  (B.  L,},  atrack  off,    .«   ........  &3 

Malriki-koclti,    ««....« «• 28i 

Ifjtnkijagnnmmjnlifc^kayaclia,  ••«•••••.«,.«.*•*.,«**..  263 

lUtnka-KotliAtikft, *.. 2S2 

Mayurblwuija, #•••••* •...•  180 

ll«]£a«tor  on Nagpora  birdS|  ........••«.*. 78 

lUidae  AIU  Khan,  HoiiM  of, 90 

ICeelbg  Annualf    .•.•.•••...«.. •«•..«•   ••*•*«*•«  Si 

„      HonUiij  General,  1,  52,  55,  81,  95, 119,  tS7.  159, 

177,  225.  231,  251, 

HegapodtoA  moobariemBis,    , « » , ,  82 

Memberi  Liat  of, i-xrlit 

,,         propofled,  1,  52,  55,  82,  96,  120,  138,  160,  178,  22, 

251,  257 

„         elected,  1,  52,  55,   82,  06,  120,  138,  160,  178,  221, 

231,  251 

Menander,  Coin  of,    •.•.••••••.*.. 279 

Mieroeyntiii  olivacea, , * 171 

Milo»  (Caiit.  G,  B  ).  Election  of,  , , 177 

Mluiopttiria  ausiralU,     .,« «•••,..,.,..  IO8 

Mirat,  Fort  of, , , , .  98 

Hirsai  MahaJlah,  built  by  Hakim  All,   • , 127 

Mocoa  Baora, • 195 

„      sikkimensift,    ,  * . . » ,*.•«...«...« •  1 95 

MfKliihm, ,,,  113 

Mofu.Hfiil  records,  Ilistoric'al  value  of, , 87 

Moll  tiHoa,  Torres  trial,  from  Moulmein,   , ,.,  19 

MoatiXringilltt  Adatnsi, 227 

„              ruficolUa,   227 

Motaoilla  caahmirenAla,  • , , 210 

„        Lusonenais,. ,  < « 210 

„        pomonata,   , • 210 

Moulmein  Mollusca, •••»....•»,.« 19 


Pitge 

Mugahabodha  Uka, 282 

Mahammad  Bedar  Bakbt,  son  of  Ahmad  Shah,    »,...•  97 

,,          Haeau,  (Khalila  Sayyid),  Election  of,   137 

Shah,.. , -• 127 

Mugil  albula, „•.•  205 

,,      hongon, , ••••«••  202 

,1      cephalusi    ....t*^ • .*.*• •.•.«..•••.  205 

,^      kaskasiya,    ••#,«•  ••••••.*•- • • -  •  •  205 

„     Itevia,      ..., 205 

yy     nepalensis,   * 253 

1^      planirtepSy     « 203 

Miindamal^  Tautraj 282 

MimglaDeyay     ,.^. ««.••••• .•...•..»»*..  254 

Huuim  Klian,  Akbar'a  Khaa  Khanan, » Hi 

Miiriaa  suillus,  ,.....*, • » **«..• •*  215 

Mmii^ua  bagio,  . , ,,.. ..< *• «.,.•••••  20l 

,,        bamach, •..•.•....  201 

,i        raiiaboura,  « , t*.*t*«* 20l 

Murfenesox  cinereus,     ,,.. , , , ,« ,,•,, . « ,« 201 

Murcenopbis  bazi, . . .  * , ,,,,, ,»„.,» 201 

Musoum  Building,  Correspondence  on, .,., .  . .  60 

„        Eeport  on  the,    , 25 

Mu2airar  Ali,  ,. .,_ »....  68 

Muzailargauj  named  after  Muzaffar  AH,    • . . .  •« •  9^ 

Mystu3  chitda,     208, 

,,       ramcarati, »•  ,.„ ,, ,. , »,,,,,,  203 

K6diju6na  dipika,  ,...,,*•• , ,  283 

Nagurjnni, ., , 258 

Kaqib  Khan, „,  142 

KagpuT,  Birds  from, , 78 

I,       (Chutea)  BloL-hmann  on, ..,.•...  1 32 

Narada'a  Vedic  phonetics,     , , , ,,.,.  5 

Katdgurha  on  the  Nawadah  road, 267 

Nowada  Koad, 26f  J 

Neil,  Dr.  A.,  contradiction  of  Mr.  Pheor'e  stfttemeatj  ......  121 1 

„    (Dr*  A.),  Election  of, ^^^•♦•.••ap^L-*' •  •••  •  •  225 


Page 

Nemi-tso,  ....•.••••....•*«.•  b ....« t  •••••  • •••*  167 

NtTitoideSi •••«»*.•••••  lis 

Ketlierlatids  iDdia,  Adminstratioa  of, •«*•«..,. 87 

Newton  (J.  )f  Election  of, t 

Kigama  tutva * *. *..«»•.. 282 

Niltt  Tantra, ••. 280,  282 

Nirv^pa  Upouishad »• , 283 

Nivi»  a  kind  of  Hindu  dress,  •«• ,  ..*  102 

NizimuiidiUf ...»* 246 

Norman  (The  Hon.  J.  l^,),  Asaassiuation  of| . .  . .  • •  < .  •  •  226 

Kostoc  gregnrium,    ,...«... • »,,,...*..•••••••.•  170 

N<jtices  of  Sanscrit  MSS>,  Kemarka  on,  ••«••••••«•,«••#•«  12 

Nutjrah  Shah, 1 25 

Nundfilula  Bose  atruck  off, ,  • , 58 

Ntiria  danrica,    •..*...•......«.••« 2l'8 

Nyctitjejus  atratua,     .^.,. ,,, ,  212 

„       emarginatuSf    •...•, • 21 1 

Oatea  (E.  W),  Election  of, 137 

Officers,  Election  of  tlie,    ...,•,.,.  ,^ • 61 

,,        Beport  on ..••.••••**.... 31 

0*Kinealy  (J,),  Election  of, ,  * .  225 

Oldham's  (Dr.  W.),  ArabJtj  iascriptions, • ,„  126 

,,         (Dr.  T  )  on  Fachumha  axes,   ...,« 233 

On&o,  Chronicles  of, , , .  * .,,  1 27 

OoDiga,  Account  of,  •.,.,. , •  • ,,  261 

Opbichthys  boro,    * ..*.,. * . ,  200 

OpiiidiauB,  Indian  and  Biirmes©, .  .**•*.,. 191 

Ophiocephulus  anrantiacus,  *  • 1 97,  203 

„             barca^    203 

,1              fttriatufl,    202 

.,             wrablei 202 

Ophiops  Jerdoni,  .••«••• ••.... ^.^  ••«...«  192 

Ornithology  of  Cashmere,    •••....... 209 

Ophiops  ndcrolepis,  .«•*••*#•,••*,,.••••*»«• , 19S 

Opluburus  boro, ♦•••..••.......• **,■...  200 

,»        haifangoha, .•.•...••  *•. .  •  201 


Page 

Opliisurus  hijala, 201 

y,         rostratus,   • , ,     20 1 

,,         tilebaim,   201 

Oriotiaris  Elliotti, 194 

Ormsby,  (M.  H.)  Death  of, • 22 

OBborn  (Capt.  E.  D.),.  Withdrawal  of,     , 1 20 

Oscellaria  brevis,   ..•••.•••............ 173 

„         Froelichii, 170 

,,         interrupta, » 170 

,,         tenerrimay  ••..••. » 173 

„         versicolor, 173 

Otocoris  alpestris, • 227 

„       Elwesi, 227 

„       longirostris, 227 

„       penicillata, 227 

Otus  brachjotus,   250 

Oudh,  Dutch  trade  in, 87 

Ovis  ammon, ^ 168 

Pachumba  Copper  axes, 231 

Paddhati,  Dolarohana, 282 

,,        K&marupa  ydtra, 282 

„         Sandhya, 282 

Paddrtha-Bangraha, 283 

Pakshata  Kahasya, ••••••. f....  283 

Palamau,  Mughul  invasion  of, 179 

Pali,  Photographs  of,   ^  261 

'  Palmella  bullosa^ 171 

Paratelphusa,    84 

Pas'upas'a  mokshanam, 119 

Pavana  vijaya, , 282 

P6yaj4ma, 101 

Peal  (8.  E.),  Election  of, 276 

Pellona  chapra, 205 

„        motiiis, 205 

Pellorneum  rnficeps, 216 

,,           Mandellii,   ,. 216 


a32  IfUUx. 


I 


PeUomeiimTickclli,.,,*. ..,,.  216 

Peply  Factory, ....-*.,.,.,, 80 

Peripia  Cantorifl,   ...•..».«..«••.•••••..,.. „  194 

Petrapon  triyittatiifl, .a.^.  ...  .«• ,  203 

Philong,.. ....-• .-..  168 

Pliear,  (J.  B,),  on  atmoipherio  pressure, *  • 16 

PhoueticB,  Tedic,   ,........*.. , , ,  6 

Phormidium  LTnghyacaumi     > 1 73 

Photocallograpliic  Printing,  New  Process  of, 239 

PhyllorMna,  nicobarieiisis > . .  • ....,,,,,  106,  105 

PLjlloecopuB  Begleetufi,  •••.•• 216 

„           pallidipes,    • , «.«.  215 

„           tristis, ,..  216 

„           Tytleri,   • ;... 210 

Phudong ...,..,...., 167 

Piddington  on  deletrions  ink,  • .....*..  83 

Pingalachhanda Sutra, .....»...,  ..*...  7 

PimeloduB  batasius, .«  190,  20i) 

„        cardo, .«...., 200 

„        changdramara, , 199 

„         hara, • 199 

„         khongata, 200 

„         kurki,    200 

„        manggoi, 199 

„        nangra,    200 

„        rama,    200 

„        veridescens, 200 

Fipistrellus  affinis,    213 

„          annectans, •  213 

„          Austenianus, • •• 213 

„          serotinus, .,  134 

Pipley,  Grants  of  lands  at,  87 

Pippaldda  S'akha, 140 

Pitha  nirijaya,  282 

Platycephalus  insidiator, 204 

Platystacus  chaca,. , , , ,, • »   .....••.. 199 


Pleeiiodon  AJdroTandi, • ,  ♦ , «••«••  181 

„          scutatuSf   *.».«* »t«t»t*«*  1B4 

Plouronectes  arsi, ,  *  * , 201 

„            areius, » 201 

Poly d act jlisra  ia  a  horse, ....,«.••* * .  • . .  18 

Poljnemus  indicua •••-•..•.. •••..«•  204,  209 

„           paradiBeua,  •....•...••.... •  i .  • » •  204 

y,           ieria^    *.,.•,.* 204 

,,          teti-adactyla,   , , 204 

Foljsiphotua  angustiasima,  * 172 

ff           poljehroma,     , , l*ti 

Poonawa,  Photographs  of,   267 

Poonpoon  river,  Bridge  over  the,    *  • . . , 265 

Praumra  dan, •*.,#,♦• , ,  247 

Pras  'na-Kaumiidi, ,,•..•••«••••. 283 

Pratab,  son  of  Balbhadr,  .♦♦.•.•.*,,«,,, , ,.  133 

Pratapachandra  Ghoaha,  on  Assam  coins, ,  %Zi 

„              on  Chaibassa  inscriiitions,    . , 18(1 . 

^f              on  Harchoka  inscriptions,     237 

Pratapa  Devala,  king  of  Eohtasgarh, , ,  273 

Pratt,  (Capt,  C.  80,  Eloction  of, 120 

Prayogas^a  bj  Keshada,     *.••*•••• ,,, 7 

Presentations  received, •,•»•.,♦•,•*,,»#.•••.. ,,.,  1 

Preeidont's  Addrese S3 

„         remarks  on  Inertia  and  Time, 165 

,,                ,,       on  Thunder-storms, 147 

Propasser  saturatus, ••«..••■•« * 213 

„         thura,..«.  .*•• ***••.* r****  216 

Protococcua  yuIgariB,     •*••*««• « * .  17l 

Psammophia    condauurus,  ...••• 191 

„          Leithei,  .«.•.« ., ••«• ,..«   ,  19I 

P&ilorbynchus  balitora, .«.*.«*«. «  20 

,,            eucatio, «  20 

Pseudophiops  Beddomei, 19 

„            Theobald],  ,*.*.. 193 

„            Jei-doni, , .  102 


page 

Psmidorhombus  atftius, ..*.** 2<>l 

Pseudeutropiua  atherinoides, , • .  • .  •  1J)9 

,,               megolops, , . , , •.....•»*. 1 1>9 

„               nenga, , , , , 1 99 

„              unira,    .i.*.i ••.•••  19d 

Pterapon  trivittatua, ♦...*,*,* 203 

Publications^  Iteport  on,    .,  * • . . .  •    « .  • » •  24 

PtirfiDa,  Atma, .  •  • » • « • •  •  7 

„       Ekamrai , 7 

„       Viihannaradija, 2%% 

P^m ^a  Varmma,    i « 2^5 

Purninandai  liakra,    • . « * 282 

Puras  charana  rc^olldsa,    •  • , . , « 282 

„           viueka,    »•«•• *...  282 

Pyada^i  Eaja,    » *** , 257 

Qadirganj,  named  after  Qadir  Ali,  . » , , » , 100 

Qanauj  ooine, ••..«.•• Ill) 

Pddhanfitba  Sikdora  Death,  of, 22 

Bafi'uddarjat, 127 

Bafi^nddaidali,    • ...,.,  127 

Raia  fluviatilis, ,  20.S 

Itii  Fiiuz,    , , .  247 

Raizadeh  Ratan  Chand,  grandson  of  Donee  CUand,  .,.,,,,»  104 

EajabullabUa, , ,  282 

Bijabbanjaj     ....  * ••.•.•«.••••••.•.*......«..•  180 

Rajapur, * ,.«*«# 178 

Bajendralala  Mltra,  on  tlie  Allah  U^ianiBhad,  •  • . ,  • 140 

„                       on  Dress  in  Ancient  India, 100 

„  Notes  on  tlie  Antiquity  of  Indian 

Arohitocture,   .,,,,,., II 

„                      Il<?ply  to  Mr.  Chalmer*8  remarks,*.  13 

^,                       on  Sanscrit  MSS.,  ,..,,.,. ^  277 

Rajgeer,  Photograph  of, .•,...,,,....  261 

Rnkal  Da©  Ilaldar,  on  Chutia  Kagpui'  in  scrip  tiona,  • , , IU2 

Ramltrishna  Dasa,  Election  of,     , , , ,  120 

RameBvar  Mazumdar,   , , ,,»«*...,.,«», 20 


Index* 


ado 


jTft,  Pliotograpli  of, 


JlanaLhanja, 


, 263 

_ , 180 

Kana  Kii^n,     • • . .  *  f »....,*.«  98 

Banizana,  Tank  of^ ••..., 247 

Baelibihai'i  Boee^  on  Bliagulpore  Legends^    .  •  • .  •  116 

,j                   on  a  Hinrlee  work  on  Kharakpur^  .  *  98 

„                   on  Josar  Isbwaripur,    ..,.•,. 134 

Eaal>ora  daniconius,  ••..»•,•• .••..,.■•.........•  205 

,,         elonga,   . . , . « ...<....... .  206 

Recess  in  September  and  October,  .»...., 255 

Reid  (X  R)»  Election  of, ,  137 

Blopa  anguina,  •«•••.....••....«« IQ5 

y^      Hardwickii, .••.....» 1 95 

y,      alleopunctata, , , * « rJ5 

^,      Boringi,    ,. .....*••. 195 

Beport^  Annual,   . , ••..•. .,«»....,,,,  2t 

Ekinok, ..•••••.•..,, 107 

Eliizoclonium  Kocliianum,    . . ,  171 

Ki8olla,     113 

Rogers  ^Capt,  B),  Election  ofi 90 

„       (0.  J-),  on  the  Death  of  Humajun,   105 

Rogavinis'chaya,    .•,,,•. 282 

Eokilah  Chief,  Mausoleum  of  the,   ,•..,, ,  127 

Rohtasgarh,  Antiquities  of, 273 

Roliitasiva,  founder  of  Rhotasgarh,    . .  •  •  • 273 

Ross  (T.  M.),  grant  of  land  to,      ^  90 

Roz-a&UD, •  •  •  •  • « * .  * .  9B 

Rakmini  tank, * ,  254 

Rale  29,  Ohange  of  the 235 

Rundall  (Col.  T.  H,)»  Election  of,    •,.*.,,.  82 

Sabine,  (General)  vie^  of  atmoepherio  pressure, ,  15 

Sa'diilah  Khan,  Yizier, 87 

Bahabad,  Antiquities  of, , 272 

Sahasrandntia  8tuti,    .  • 282 

Saidpur  road, , , 274 

3'aktisangania  Tontra, , 282 


Fag4 

Samanyabbava  Eahasjai 28S 

Somblial,  Faujdar  of, 127 

Samuells  (Capt>  W.  L.)  Election  of,    276 

,1                on  Harclioka,  ,,,••., •  57 

},                on  Harclioka  Antiquities^ , 236 

,i                on  Pacliumba  axes, «  231 

,,               Bock  cut  excayations  at  Harchoka, 283 

Saudorson  (C),  Election  of, , , ••♦*...*..•.•  96 

Sandhya  paddhati,  * , , , »  282 

Sangraha,  Grautbai   ••...,... •»..,••*  282 

Sangram  Skab,   .*..•*..... 98 

Sankiti,  Battatreya, 282 

„       Xaxnl^j     * *  •  >  * * 7 

„       Siva, ,  • . ,  98 

,,       Tsana,    * .  * ^ . . « . .  •  282 

S  'aiikai'uuaiida*s  noto  on  Atharva  Upanisliad, , , 5 

8  dnkhayana  Qrihya  Sutra, ...*•«•,•.,     7,  283 

S  'ankbya  Kaiimudi, * , 282 

JSimanyalaksbana  Kahasya, ,.•*,...*«.«..,•  283 

Ban&crit  MSB.,  Conservation  of, 2,  277 

B'dnti-s'ataka, w 282 

S  tolula  Yarma, . . 259 

Barasvatt  Tantra 282 

Sari, 102 

BaBanaka,    ,*..... * 285 

Basseram,  Pbutograpbs  of,   • 272 

S^ataka,  Gorakshap * .  * 282 

„      S'auti, 282 

Saucbika,    * . .  • ».,.,....  102 

Sayyid  Mabmud,  of  Barba,  127 

Bcbwendler  (L.)j  Tests  of  bad  insulators, , 72 

Seincus  officinalis,  . « .   .«•••.....«•  116 

,y      Mitranus,  * . •  • *•• «.••  115 

,y       New  species  of,    ••*.••  t » • » « #  •  •  96 

rufegeens,  ..••• •• •««.•••••• •  181 

,,       pavimentatuBi  ••«<•«•••««#•«•(«••• ••##  181 


I 

I 


Scincus  punctatufl,   , , , , , , 181 

Scotopliilus  fiiliginosai  ..,,.. « •  212 

„          fiilvidus, , .  * , 212 

„          cinereum, 171 

Scytonema  gTamelataniy »  172 

„          8Bruginio-cinereum  j • 171 

Boetamoree  near  Nadgurha,     ,  * .    .........#••  207 

Sehoree,  Photographs  of, , . , , , , , , , 263 

8equestratic  or  Account  Books,    ....  i  »«..««..••  •    •  91 

Shahbttis  Khan  Kambu,     .....*»...»»» 132 

Bhaiatah  Khan, 133 

8hakarpari,     ,..•.,.. ^ ,  •  276 

Sliamshernagar,  Photographa  of,    *  .^ •  •  263 

Shamsudtliu,  Date  of,      249 

8hat  chakra  tippani, • .  • 282 

,,             vivriti  tika, ..•.»*..•• 283 

Sherif  111  Omra  (Sir)  Election  cancelled, ,,.  58 

Bherer  (J.  W.),  struck  otf, 58 

Sher  Afkan,  Tomb  of,    , , , 128 

Bfier  Shah,  Tomb  of, ,  272 

Shikarabad  nortJi  of  Kharakpur,     * , , , 99 

Shunt's  Galvanometer  of  Latimer  Clark,     ...,.•*•,,«•**«•  219 

Sikkim  Birds, , .,,....  215 

„      (Independent),  Account  of,     167 

„                  „             Viaitto 226 

S  ikshfis,  . . . , •  7 

Sillago  domina, « ,.,.*....  208 

Bmha-Tjigraha  Eahaaja^     , 2H3 

Simroun,  the  aneieut  Capital  of  Mithila,    •»•••••••  270 

Bimotea  bicateuateR, •••..•  191 

Siphonaria,  Anatomy  of,   , 119 

Bisor  rabdophorus, ..••••••••••..  199 

Bitaua  ponticeriana,  •..«.•,......•..*• .•••••••  194 

Sitta  cashmerensiB,    ••,•««••■»•••*««,..«•* 209 

,,     himalayanas, « .  • « • 209 

iTa-Biinhita, . . . . « ..*..,.«*..•...••..  282 


238 


Indejs^ 


81caiifla  Pui-tt^a,      •«.«*.•• * «  4  ^  t « • .  • 

Smith  (J.),  Election  of, » 

8mriti*clnmdriya  sradJliakala, , • » ♦  ♦  ♦ 

Spectroscopic  analysis  of  the  Corona, * . .  - 

BpirogjTa  decimina,  ,  • , , ,    * ,  * 

,;        euboaqua^  •  •  •  •  •  i * 

Bpironema,  .•..,..«,•.«•.•, ...*••...» 

Bph'iih'oa  oscillarioides, ,..».••.. 

Sqiiallns  characias,    •«••»•••«•« 

SraddhaTitlhi,  .,....••.•«.•••••,•,•,,«. 

B'riguruafthaBranama  stotra,     ••,,.* 

S^rautaprayaseliitta  chandrika,    * 

B  'ribhaktiratnavali,    •.••», *  * « 1 1 

B^rigunj  BahaBranima, ,.«,«., 

Btaurospermiim  c^erulescenBi « •  •  •  •  m  «.■  a^*  «••••!•» •«< 

Btava,  Gangfi, . . , , , ,.,,,.,,.»».., 

Stellio  DayanuBy 

,^     indicua,    »....•..• 

-,,      melanuriiSf .••••«*.., 

,,      tubereulatuSy     * .....«•    181,188, 

Btenotis^  « •  * • ,....., 

Stevens  (H.  W.),  Withdrawal  of, 

Btolephorus  bulitoraj » ,..•....•  t  •••.*•••*...  • 

,y  8uketl| • .....* 

Btoliczka,  F.,  on  the  Anatomy  of  Cremnoeonchus,    ,•...,,, 

„        on  atmospheric  pressure,*.. •  • , * 

,,        on  Mr.  Blanford*8  paper  on  Sikkim, , 

,,        on  the  geographical  disti'ibution  of  Telphusidwj  ., 

,^        on  Indian  and  Bunnese  0j)hidian9 , 

,,        on  Monlmein  Terrestrial  MoUusca, . . .  • , 

„       appointed  trustee  of  the  Indian  Museunip  ...,..*, 

Btotra,  Durgidddimanama,  . . .  • 

p       K^li  Baliasranaina,     , 

I,      S^riguru  eahaaranama,     •*.....,. **...•• 

,,       8  y^ma» , ^ 

^       Yagalamukloi » 


113 


Indsa* 


a^9 


Strachcy  (CoL  E-),  on  Bai^ometnc  Curves, , . .  65 

,,        Bemarks  on  Baromoters,    •,»•.,*...*  15 

St,  John,  on  Arracau  celts,    , ,.,.•....♦.•,  83 

Stubba  (Major),  on  a  MnUammadan  coin,  , 97 

Sturnns  unicolor,    ,•..,.    *.••..  210 

,,       niteuSj t* t... 210 

Sut-^hika, , , .    102 

Sudama  Eshi  cave,    , , 257 

Suddhi  Dipika , ••..  1B3 

Sun,  Spectroscopic  examination  of  the, 1 38 

Simdari  saktldana  tika^ ,  181 

,,       Baktidana, •....•  232 

Sureavaraa,  notes  on  Briliadaranyaka  Upacishad,    5 

Siirajknnd,  Temple  of, 254 

Svarodaya, 282 

Svatautra  Tantra, ...........  2s2 

S'yama-etotra/ ,.,.,,....  282 

Sygnatliua  deocata,    .••......•••« * 204 

„  klaarke, • 204 

8yn-hapto3  tibotonus, 168 

Tachydromus  Haughtonianiis, , . , ,  192 

,,  maridionfolia, 1 92 

„  Beptemtrionalis, 1 9*2 

„  eexiineatus, , 192 

Talxawwnr  Singh^ DH 

Tukarudi  Svarupa,, , 282 

Talborfc  (T.  W.  H,)  Notea  on  Dera  Ismail  Khan, 17 

Tankra-la, * . . . .  167 

Tantra,  Aeliaraftahasra, 283 

,,       Brahmaj  nana»  ...••.• 282 

„       G^jatri  brJlhmanoll^ba, 28^ J 

„        Gui'u,    ... 282^ 

„        Guliyati  gnhya, 282 

„        Jn^na, ••^••••••••••««^«».«. 28i 

„        Muiidamila, ,,..,.... ...»....,.  .• 283 

„        Nila, 282 


340 


Index, 


Tantra  SiiktisaDgamn • . 

I,       &ira|  (Mahat)  Bi-alimaJDaua,  • • . 

y,       Sarasvatij 

,,       Svatantra^ 

,,       NotoB  on.  •  • , ,  •  • 

Tanyek-tsoi     * * • . . . .,..«. 

Torka  Ealiasya, , .......* 

Tattvauu  aandlidiiai    . . « .....•».. « . « 

Tattra  prakasika, ,  t .  • 

I,       sandliinai , 

Telpbusa  Gueritii, , 

,,        indica,     ••.,.••. 

„        Leschenaultiiy    ,,. ...•• 

TelphuBida.^  Malayan  and  Indian, 83| 

Tennaiit  (J.  R),  Election  of, 

,,  „  elected  Membor  of  Couuoil, 

,,      on  Inertia  and  tinio, • 

„      on  the  total  eclipso  of  Doer  lltli 

)»      Biiggeetiona  for  visitors  to  the  total  oclipse, 

Telegraph  earth,  Test  of, . . , , » 

Teetudo  Phayrei,  Notes  on, •  •  • 

Tetrodon  cuteutiai , ,.. 

,,        kariya  phoksa,    ...•,••,••...... 

Theobald  (W.),  on  Aracan  Bhella, , , , . 

„  on  Moiilniein  aheU,    •....,,,,,,,,,,. ... 

Thomas  (T,),  Withdrawal  of, 

Thorapon  eervus,   

Thimder-etorm, 

Tibet,  Observations  on  atmospherii:  prttsenre  in,   .  * 

Tij  Eai  of  Palamau,  ,..••..•• «.«....... 

TinnuncnluB  alandarius,   ,,,..... 

Tippani,  Shatchakra, 

Tirhut,  Antiquities  of, 

Tiata  (The) 

Todor  Mull,  Birthplace  of,    ...,.,,. , 

Todar  MaU  of  Bihar, 


M^. 


Ul 


TrefTts  (0.),  Election  of,   .  •  • . • .  • . .  82 

Tricliiurua  leptiirus, ••••..•  204 

Tricliogaster  fasciatiis,  chiina,  eotra,  laliiis,  sota,  «•...•«*.,  201 

Trichopodua  beje,  ceonilescens,  colisa,  fuscus,  rubor,  vittatus,  20 1 

Trimeresurus  Andersoni, ..••., ••••••.•  192 

Tropidonotua  bellules^  himalayaiiufl,  junceus,  macrops,  ma^ 
croplthalmus,   plumb icolor,   quincunctiatus,    eikkimeasiB, 

subminiatus, , • .  • , • 191 

Tugliril  Khan, , .,,.••...  2l7 

Tunnavaya,     »..•#•«#• •  •  • «  • .,,,,•«•«  102 

Turka  Tippani, •-•... 28$ 

Trygon  sephen,  ...,..•, * •••,••  20.*) 

Trypancben  vagina, • « t  • « •  204 

Tylognathus  boga • . .  206 

TypUlops  andamanensis,  braminus,  Lothriorhyncbus,  Hora- 

fieldi,  pammeces,  porrectus,  Tboobaldanua, 191 

UpaniBliad,  Akshamalika 283 

,,           Anuapiirna, •« •••.. 283 

„           Commentary  on  Atkarvaj  .....•...••...« 5 

^,          Bribad^an  'yakoi • • 5 

„          Ekaksbara, . , , . , , .  283 

„          Nirvana, , 283 

,1           Yajnavalkyai ,  *.  . .  283 

Vaditbika  kubba, , 269 

Yagalamukbi*kavaoba» *  •  *  t  ««,,,••  •  282 

Yagala  patala,   • « • 282 

Yaisala  identifiod  witb  Bukra^ .*«*., 270 

V^akrisbn  'ashtukai , * . .  t 283 

Tapiya  well, . ,  250 

Yapour,  Actual  tension  uf,   , 15 

.  Yasisbtba  yogakanda,   • ....••...•..•*«•.•...  282 

Yastu  Homa, 282 

Yespertilio  Blanfordi,  nepdonsisj  pacbypuS| •«•••«••  314 

I Yespertilionidso,  New Indo-Cblneso,    .,,,,* •....  210 

Ye^perns   Andordoui,   atratu^j,  fidiginoBa^   pracbiotiB,    pra- 

cbypua,  ,.••,*,..•..»..••«.,., 211|  212 


342 


iMte. 


Vijakosha,  281 

Yigesharya'pti  bbava  EoLasya, Sa, 

VishBU  Pad  in  Gya, ...**......  2 

Virarana  Bh^lija,    .••,«•  i  •.. t  *.••....« .  283 

Vrihanndradija  Purana,   ...•»•»•*.»**•••*»#••«• •  •  2; 

Yj^karana  bhdra,  . .  • ••»»**.«» •...*.«*  21 

Vyaptanugama  Eabasja, ..•••, 283 

Vyaptigrahopaja  Eahasya, , ,  i , ,  •  283 

Vyapti  panchaka  Eahasya,  .  - , •  •  •  • .  283 

Vyfivaatlianiana, 283 

Waagen  (W  ),  Election  of, 52 

Walker  (A.  G.),  struck  off, , , . .         57 

Wallace,  (W.  A.  J.),  WitLdrawal  of,   , 138 

Wax'da  birds,  ..,,,.. •..,.••,....  116 

Warth  (H),  Withdrawal  of, 27^ 

Waterhouse,  J.,on  new  Plioto-callograpluc  printing  process,  23^H 

West  Berar  Temples,  Photographs  of, *  *  * , ^^^| 

Whisham  (J,  B.),  struck  of, w  . . . ,  • 5™ 

Wilkinson,  (J.)  strnek  off,    • . . , 57 

WiUiaina  (0.)  struck  off, 58 

Wikon  (J.),  Election  of, » 55 

Wood-Mason  (J.)  on  Telphusidee, • 78, 

Xavier*s  (Jerome)  Life  of  the  Twelve  Apostles,    ••.•.....•  1 

Yakla,... 157 

Yati  bhueani, ....»,.... 28] 

Zabardast  Khan, I 

Zamenis  fasciolotus,  ....•• .•.,,«..« IDl 

Zosterops  simplex, 1 


Meteorological  Olservaiiom. 


I 


Abstract  of  the  JRemlh  of  the  Hourlif  Meteorological  OlsenatioM 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  OJjice,  Calcutta^ 

in  the  month   of  January    1871. 

Latitude  22°  33'  V  North.    Longitude  88°  20'  31/'  East. 

Heiglit  of  tlie  Cistern  of  tlie  Standard  Barometer  above  the  sea  level,  18.11  feet. 

Daily  Means,  &c.  of  the  Oliserrations  and  of  the  Hygrometrical  elements 
dependent  thereon. 


5^. 

Itan^e  of  tlit*  Eurorii(>ter 

'3     g 

IJange  of  the  Tonipera- 

diirliij^  the  diiy< 

^1 

tuie  during  the  day. 

! 

Date. 

Max, 

Miu. 

DiE 

Max. 

Min. 

DiflT. 

Indies. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

o 

o 

0 

o 

1 

29.907 

29.998 

29.843 

0.165 

71.5 

81.6 

63.5 

18.1 

2 

.934 

30.009 

.883 

.126 

72.9 

81.2 

66.4      148 

3 

.986 

.072 

.928 

.144 

67.1 

73.7 

60.5  :    ]3.2 

4 

30.009 

.107 

.941 

.106 

62.3 

70.0 

66.0      ]4X) 

6 

29.909 

.031 

.897 

.134 

61.7 

70.8 

54.0      M\M 

6 

.954 

.024 

.889 

.135 

63.9 

73.5 

b^.6      37.0 

7 

.986 

.059 

.931 

.128 

65.7 

75  2 

58.0 

17.3 

8 

.981 

.056 

.930 

.125 

67.0 

76.7 

59.5 

17.2 

9 

.986 

.073 

.936 

.137 

65.7 

76.2 

57.0 

19.2 

10 

.970 

.047 

.912 

.135 

65.5 

75.5 

66.7 

18.8 

11 

.948 

.016 

.910 

.105 

66.8 

78.0 

57.5 

20.5 

12 

.962 

.042 

.921 

.118 

60.8 

74.5 

60.5  1    14.(> 

13 

.977 

.058 

.923 

.135 

65.7 

76.5 

57.2      19.3 

14 

.996 

.072 

.943 

.129 

65.7 

77.5 

66.2      21.3 

15 

.986 

.067 

.931 

.136 

60.8 

78.4 

57.3      21.1 

16 

.971 

.041 

.901 

.140 

68.9 

79.5 

60.0  1    19.5 

17 

.945 

.004 

.9(X) 

.104 

70.0 

79.2 

61.2  '    18.n 

18 

.982 

.062 

.930 

.132 

72.7 

79.4 

67.8      11.(5 

19 

30.005 

.106 

.943 

.163 

72.3 

79.8 

65.4      1 1.4 

20 

29.976 

.076 

.897 

.179 

68.8 

75.7 

62.0  ;    13.1 

21 

.943 

.022 

.881 

.141 

60.1 

75.0 

68.3  '    10.7 

22 

.959 

.022 

.913 

.109 

66.9 

76.6 

60.0      10.(5 

23 

.989 

.065 

.932 

.133 

68.7 

78.8 

60.5  !    1S.3 

24 

.984 

.053 

.947 

.106 

70.0 

80.3 

i    62.1       17.9 

25 

.977 

.062 

.923 

.139 

71.3 

81.5 

i    03.5  i    18.0 

26 

30.037 

.119 

.960 

.159 

69.3 

70.9 

1    02.2       14.7 

27 

.057 

.148 

.990 

.152 

65.0 

75.0 

1    57.5       17.5 

28 

.032 

.115 

.906 

.119 

Ct.6 

71.7 

1    55.5       19.2 

29 

.011 

.099 

.944 

.155 

668 

77.3 

i    5S.4  !    18.9 

30 

.013 

.099 

.962 

.137 

69.4 

79.5 

1    01.0  •    18.5 

31 

.029 

.101 

.988 

.116 

70.9 

81.0 

1    61.0       19.4 

1             1 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  an  UVe-^V^ci  N\\^\^^^  t^w\"^  ^v  ^v^ 
Thermometer  Menns  are  derived,  from  "  ^  c)\i'&<iYN^NAQ\\'i,xs^^^^  '^"^  ^^"^ 

5(^rei«/^ours  during  the  day. 


u 


Meteorological  Observations. 


AbMtract  of  the  ResulU  of  the  Jlonrl^  Meteorological  Observationi 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  GeneraVs  OffieCj  CalcttUa^ 

f»  the  month  of  January   1871. 


Daily  Meiui8,  Ac.  of  tlie  Obserratmns  and  of  llie  Hjjfrometrical  element! 
dependent  Ibereon. — fConiinu^ni,) 


Bate. 


^ 


^ 


a 


0 

0 

0 

0 

Jncljes. 

T.RT. 

T.gr. 

65,0 

6.5 

59.8 

11.7 

0.620 

5.69 

2.69 

60,3 

6.6 

61.0 

11.9 

.541 

.93 

.80    ' 

69.0 

8.1 

52.5 

14.6     1 

.44)7 

4.60 

.82 

55.9 

6.4 

&}.! 

12.2 

.375 

.19 

.12 

56.0 

5.7 

60.9 

10.8 

.385 

.31 

1.88 

68,6 

6.3 

53.8 

10.1 

.425 

.73 

.90 

60,7 

5.0 

56.7 

9.0 

.469 

5.19 

.83 

6<3.9 

6.1 

56.0 

ILO 

.458 

.07 

223 

59.4 

6.3 

54.4 

1L3     1 

.434 

4.81 

.21 

59.0 

6.5 

53.8 

1L7 

.426 

.71 

.27 

60.5 

6.3 

55.5 

11.3 

.450 

.99 

.27 

60.0 

6.8  1 

54.6 

12.2 

.437 

.84 

.42 

58.0 

7.7 

61.8 

13.9 

.397 

.40 

.62 

58.0 

7.7 

51.8 

13.9 

.397 

.40 

.62 

58.5 

8.3 

51.9 

14.9 

.398 

.41 

.85 

60.9 

8.0 

54.5 

14.4 

.435 

.80 

.94 

63.0 

1     7.0 

57.4 

13.6 

.480 

5.27    , 

.73 

66.1 

6.6 

60.8  ' 

11.9 

.537 

.88 

.80 

65.2 

7,1 

:   59.5 

12.8 

.515 

.63 

.95 

61.9 

6.9 

56.4 

12.4 

.464 

.11 

.60 

§9.7 

6.4 

54.6 

11.5 

.437 

4.84 

,26 

60.4 

6.6 

55.2 

11.7 

.445 

.93 

.35 

61.9 

6.9 

66.3 

13.4 

.462 

5.10 

.59 

63.6 

6.4 

56.5 

11.5 

.498 

.47 

.53 

65.8 

5.5 

61.4 

9.9 

.548 

6.02 

.31 

6L9 

7.4 

56.0 

13.3 

.158 

6,05 

.78 

!      50.5 

9.1 

49.:i 

16.4 

.363 

4.04 

.96 

50.8 

7J 

50.6 

13.9 

.381 

.24 

.52 

59.6 

7.2 

53.8 

13.0 

.4^5 

.70 

.66 

63.0 

6.4 

57.9 

11,5 

.488 

5.36 

.60 

6i.9 

6.0 

60.1 

,      10.8 

.525 

\ 

.76 

\ 

.47 

,69 
.67 
.63 
.63 
.61 
.62 
.66 
.68 
.66 
.66 
.68 
.68 
.66 
.68 
.72 
.65 
.58 
.63 
.65 
.68 
,70 


1 


f/gromeiricol  elomeutft  tie  compuU4\ii  HXitQtT^<iuVv?^Q<yM\^aXi* 


Meieoi'oloffical  Otservathns, 


ml 


Ahitraet  of  the  Hemlh  of  He  Hourff  Meieorolo^kal  Oliervaihns 
iakm  ai  the  Surveyor  Generates  Office^  Calcuita, 
in  ike  month  of    January  \^1\^ 


HomrJj  Means,  &c.  of  Uie  Observntionfl  and  of  tW  HjRTometrical  elementfl 
dependent  thereon. 


•su 

Hftnge  4 

:>r  tlie  Biiro meter 

^ 

Itan^e  of  the  Temperm- 

III 

for  eaeb  hour  during 

11 

tur«  for  each  Lonr 

the  mouth 

1^ 

during 

the  month. 

Hour. 

Max. 

Min. 

Diff. 

Mm. 

Mis. 

Dir. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Itiehes. 

Inches. 

0 

o       1 

0 

D 

Mid- 

nigiit. 

29.981 

30.064 

29J96 

0.168 

63.9 

71.6 

58.3 

13.S 

1 

.972 

JM9 

.892 

.157 

63.2 

70.0 

57.2 

12  8 

S 

.9B4 

.038 

.883 

.155 

62-5 

69.4 

66.0 

13.4 

% 

.967 

.031 

.894 

.137 

61.9 

68.5 

66.7 

12.8 

4 

,956 

.026 

.896  ! 

.131 

61.3 

68.0 

56.6 

12.$ 

5 

.964 

.061 

.906 

.145 

60.8 

67.8 

56.0 

12.8 

e 

J77 

.072 

.916 

.166 

00.4 

68.0 

54.2 

13.8 

7 

ao.ooi 

.101 

.941 

.160 

60.1 

68.0 

64.0 

14.0 

8 

.031 

.120 

.970 

,150 

62.3 

68.4 

67.7 

10.7 

.    9 

.067 

.148 

.991 

.157 

65.5 

71.7 

69.7 

12.0 

lio 

.061 

.142 

■WO 

.144 

69.2 

755 

62.5 

13.0 

1" 

.043 

.114 

.976 

•139 

72.0 

77.6 

65.0 

12.6 

^oon. 

.014 

.082 

.941 

.141 

74.0 

79.0 

67.0 

IS.O 

1    i 

29.979 

.046 

.899 

.147 

75.6 

80.4 

68.5 

11.9 

9 

.954 

.028 

.873 

.155 

76.6 

81.2 

69.4 

11.8 

8 

.939 

.013 

.861 

.162 

77.1 

81.6 

70.0 

ii.e 

4 

.931 

.014 

.843 

.171 

76.1 

80.6 

69.0 

1L6 

L     ^ 

.934 

M2 

.846 

.176 

74.8 

79.5 

67-9 

1L6 

1     ^ 

.948 

,040 

.856 

.186 

71.8 

76.7 

66,5 

11.3 

'    7 

.959 

.056 

.870 

.186 

69.6 

74.3 

63.2 

11.1 

8 

.978 

.067 

.880 

.187 

67.8 

72.6 

61.6 

ii.a 

9 

.992 

.079 

.893 

.186 

66.7 

72.6 

60.5 

12.1 

10 

.998 

.082 

.899 

.183 

65,6 

72.0 

69.6 

12.6 

i" 

.993 

.075 

.894 

.181 

64.8 

71.8 

68.6 

13.2 

I 

I 


The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as 
Thermometer  Means  are  derircd  from  the 
houra  during  the  month. 


like  wise  the  Dry  and  "Wet  Bulb 

obscrrations  made  tvt  tW  ^^t-^^tx^ 


i 


IV 


Mi'itiorologlcifl  Ol^erra /iouf. 


Ah:tfi'acf  of  the  llit^nllH  of  Ihp  Uonrlif  MeieoroUg'ical  OUervations 

iakcH  at  the  Sanetjor  GeneraVs  Ofjice,  Calcutta, 

id  the  month   of  January  1871. 


Hourly  Means,  kc.  of  llic  Oksorva lions  and  of  tlie  ITygronietrical  clemcnii 
dependent  tliereon. — (Continued.) 


1 

i 

^      1 

1 

1 
Ep 

Cm 
O 

Vapour 
of  air. 

?-1l  1 

r5 

o 

«.-  ^ 

«*-  r "? 

Hour. 

-3 

1 

1 

a 

c 

c  Ji  3 

(S3 

1 
1 

ft- 

5  8.1' 

brs  q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Indies. 

T.  gr. 

T.gr. 

Mid- 

niglit. 

60.1 

3.8 

56.7 

7.2 

0.460 

5.22 

1.41 

0.7^ 

1 

69.0 

3.6 

5(>.4 

6.8 

.461 

.17 

.:« 

.8(> 

2 

5<J.2 

3.3 

6(L2 

6.3 

Mn 

.15 

.20 

.81 

3 

5S.G 

3.3 

55.6 

6.3 

.452 

.(>(> 

.17 

.81 

4 

5H.2 

3.1 

55.4 

5.0 

.410 

.02 

.10 

.82 

5 

b7.7 

3.1 

5  1.') 

5.0 

.411 

4.0 1 

.08 

.82 

(*> 

57.1 

3.0 

5^.7 

5.7 

.1.8S 

.01 

J)i 

.S3 

7 

57.1 

3.0 

51.1 

5.7 

..J  81. 

.80 

.08 

.83 

8 

5S.1 

4.2 

51.3 

8.0 

.!:« 

.88 

.48 

.77 

K) 

5i>.rt 

5.7 

55.2 

1().8 

.115 

.05 

2.03 

.71 

10 

61.1 

S.l 

5 1.0 

11.0 

.187 

.Si 

3.(K) 

.02 

11 

02.0 

10.0 

51.0 

18.0 

.428 

.00 

.81 

.55 

I^oori. 

62.  t 

11.6 

5i.3 

10.7 

.482 

.71 

4.83 

.52 

] 

6:i.O 

12.6 

51.2 

21.4 

.131 

.08 

.80 

.40 

2 

m.o 

18.5 

58.5 

28.0 

.421 

.57 

5.18 

A7 

3 

08.1 

18.7 

58.8 

28.8 

.425 

.01 

.81 

.47 

4 

(58.0 

18.1 

58.8 

22.3 

.425 

.()2 

.01 

.48 

5 

08.2 

11.0 

55.1 

19.7 

.414 

.81 

4. 12 

.52 

(i 

08.1) 

7.« 

57.0 

U.2 

.483 

5.20 

3.16 

.03 

7 

08.L 

0.2 

58.1 

11.2 

.400 

.40 

2.11 

.00 

8 

02.0 

5.2 

5S.4 

9.4 

.400 

.18 

.00 

.73 

9 

02. 0 

4.7 

5S.2 

8.5 

.408 

.15 

1.78 

1       .75 

]0 

(U.l 

4.2 

58.0 

7.0 

.1^0 

.42 

.58 

.77 

11 

60.7 

4.1 

57.1 

7.4 

.-180 

.33 

.50 

.78 

AU  tho  Jl jgrometrical  clemeuts  are  computed  by  the  Grceuwicli  Constant*. 


Meteorological  Olservationa. 


Abstract  of  the  lieauli'S  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations, 
taken  at  the  Sui^et/or  GeneraVs  Office^  Calcutta^ 
in    the   month    of  Jantmry  1871. 
Solar  IJadiation,  Weather,  Ac. 


Wind. 

c 

Prevailing 

S 

H 

General  aspect  of  the  Sky. 

1  ss 

^F 

direction. 

eS    go 

1      o     i Inches 

lb 

MUes 

1 

135.2 

... 

WbyN 

.... 

100.6 

Bto3A.M.,\iiol2A.M.,B. 
afterwards.  Slightly  foggy  at 
midnight,  1  a.  m.,  &  8  p.  m. 

2 

136.0 

••• 

WSW&WJSfW 

... 

143.6 

B.  Slightly  foggy  from  7  to 
10  p.  M. 

3 

129.8 

•*• 

NW,  N&  NN  W 

..* 

186.0 

B  to  2  A.  M.,  N^i  to  6  A.  M  ,. 

B  afterwards.   Foggy  from  7 

to  11  P.M. 

4 

129.5 

... 

N  W&NNW. 
[W 

0.3 

136.0  B.  Foggy  at  midnight  &  1 
▲.  H.,  &  from  8.  to  11  p  h. 

5 

126.5 

... 

KW,  NNW&WiS 

... 

159.4  {  B.  Foggy  at  midnight  &  1 
U.  M.,  4  from  8  io  11  p.  M. 

6 

128.0 

... 

WNW  &N 

... 

143.6  1    B  to  6  A.  M.,  \i  afterwards. 

Slightly  foggy  at  midnight. 

7 

128.8 

... 

NbyE&NW 

... 

126.9 

B  to  10  A.  M.,  \i  to  7  P.  M. 
Vxi  afterwards.  Foggy  from 
9  to  11  p.  M. 

8 

131.2 

••• 

NW&WNW. 

... 

104.4 

\i  to  7  A.  M.,  \i  &  \-_i  to  6 
p.  M.,  B  afterwards.   Foggy 
from  8  to  11  p.  m. 

9 

130.0 

WNW&NNW 

105.7 

B  to  11  A.M.,  \ito6p.M.,. 
B  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 
from  midnight  to  8  a.  M.,  &d 
to  11  p.  H. 

lO;  132.5 

... 

N  NW&  WNW 

• .. 

108.0 

\i  &  \_i  to  6  p.  M.,  Baf- 

t<»rwards.  Slightly  foggy  from 

7  to  lip.  M. 

11 

131.0 

... 

WNW&WbyN 

... 

77.0 

.  B.  Slightly  foggy  from  mid- 
night to  6  a.  M.,  i&  8  to   11 

12 

123.8 

... 

WNW. 

... 

107.4 

p.  li. 

B  to  2  A.  M.,  \i  to  6  p.  M., 
B  afterwards. 

13 

130.0 

... 

WNW. 

106.6 

B.  Slightly  foggy  from  9  to 
11  p.  M. 

14 

133.5 

... 

WbyN&ENE. 

... 

73.0 

B.  Slightly  foggy  from  mid- 
night to  6  A.  H. 

B  to  7  A.  M.,\i  to  10  A.  M., 

16 

133.0 

... 

ENE&ISr. 

... 

126.0 

B  to  2  p.  M*  W  to  6  p.  M.,  B 

after\i'ards.     Slightly   foggy 

from  7  to  11  p.  m. 

16 

137.6 

... 

N  N  E  &  N. 

... 

160.6 

B  to  6  A.  M.,  W  to  4  p.  M., 
B  afterwards. 

17 

137.8 

N]SE,NE&NbyE 

... 

136.7 

B  to  6  A.  M.,  V»i  afterwards. 

\i  Cirri,  —i  Strati,  '^i  Cumuli,  \-.i  CiTO-atT«A.\,  «^VC\v\si>3\Q-'8?ct^>:\,^^'^^^'^^- 
W  C/rro-cumuli,  B<?lear,  S  stratoiu,  O  .o\<itcTv%\^v'^  V\L\\xi^^^,  ^Xx^xvwsv^ 
B  rain,  1)  drizzle. 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^fliel^mSpeS^VliervaiwnJ^^^^^^^^^M 

^H         Ahiiraci  of  ike  Remits  of  the  Hot^rly  Mekorvhgkal  OUertaiion^    | 

^^^^                     taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  OJice^  Calcniia,              ^^ 

^^^V                                 in   the   month  of    January  187L                            ^H 

^H^                                                Solar  Hadiation,  Weather,  ^Lc. 

:3^  (&?  . 

WlKD. 

^ 

"""""■  "■  "3 

Prevailing 
direct  ton. 

1^ 

o 

lucbee 

tb 

MUen 

^ 

^^Pl8 

124.3 

*•» 

^E3byE&]!^KE 

1 

81.7 

^i  to  4  A.  Iff..  0  to  9  A-  M.. 
8  to  3  p.  M.,  Vi  t^  7  p.  M-  8 

afterwards.     Slightly    foggy 
from  9  to  11  p,  u..  D  at5i& 

11   A.  M. 

H 

134J 

.»■ 

N  &NW 

... 

^8.2 

Chieflj  B.    Slightly  foggj 

at  midnight  <Sc,  1  a.  m. 

H 

136.0 

... 

NW&W 

... 

156,1 

B.   Slightly  foggy  at  10  k 
11  p.  M. 

1 

134.5 

««• 

W&Wbylf 

... 

109.1 

B.   Shghtly  foggy  at  mid- 

H 

134,0 

•  •* 

WbjtN&WSW 

•** 

105.6 

niglit. 

B.  Slightly  foggy  from  8  la 
11  p.  M.                                          ^M 

^ft^  £3 

104.5 

... 

W  S  W  &  W. 

... 

77.3 

B.                                _■ 

^^H  24 

138.0 

•  ** 

WAWSW,     [W 

99.7 

^B 

^^B  S5 

136.2 

B*    ■ 

W8W,SW&SS 

... 

129.3 

^^ 

^^^  26 

134.0 

... 

WJSW&Variable, 

-*. 

146.0      0  to  7  A.  If..  B  afterw»SBrn 

Foffgy  from  1  to  4  a.  m. 
126.2      B.  Slightly  foggy  from  7  to 

1 

133.5 

•  •* 

Wl?^  W&W 

0.8 

11  p.  M, 

H 

133.0 

*** 

W  &  W  by  S 

*•• 

96.5       B.    Slightly  foggy  at  ttitd- 
nfght  from  6  to  7  a.  M.  i&  9  to 
11  p.  M. 

H 

131.6 

... 

W  by  8  &  W 

... 

109.0 

B.  to  1  p.  K..  ^i  to  4  p,ii., 
B.  afterwards. 

^1 

131.6 

•  It 

W  by  S  &  W 

... 

104.9  1 

B.  to  12  A.  M..v^i,  to  3  p. 
M,,  B  afterwards 

^1 

136.6 

.«« 

W  by  S  &  W 

■•> 

78.11 

B.    Slightly  foggy  from  7 

to  9  p.  M. 

^^^H  f  icifmV — ^i  Stmti,  '^i  CurauB, '^l  CltTo^aiTii.^,  rv^C\OTw\?>-%lttLU. s^iNimW,        1 

^^^ACirro-camulf,  B  clear,  8  straionip  0  o^m^^t,  'I  vVw^^T,\.\v^VBbak%*| 

Meieorolagical  ObservaSmS, 


nil 


Ahitrael  of  ike  UemlU  of  the  Hourly  MeUorah^^ieai    Oliervatlotu 
taken  at  tke  Surveyor  Geiieral'i  Office,  Calcutta^ 
iu   ike    month    of  January    1871* 

MOITTSLT    BbsULTS. 


MeED  KeigTit  of  the  Baromet^^r  for  the  month,.*  *,. 

H&x.  height  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at     9  a,  M.  on  the  27th. 
Min.  height  of  the  Barometer  occurrt^d  at     4  p.^m*  on  the    1st. 
Extreme  ntnge  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month 
Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Pressures 

Ditto        diUo       Min.         ditto 
Mean  daily  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  montli    .«« 


Id  dies. 
..  29.983 

.  29.843 

,  311002 

.    0.130 


Mean  Pry  Btilh  Tliermometer  for  the  month        .i* 
Max,  Temperature  occurred  at  3  p.  m.  on  tlio    Isit. 
Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  7  A.  M»  on  the    6th* 
Mxtreme  range  of  i\w  Temperature  during  the  month 
Mean  of  tlie  daily  Max.  Temperature  ... 

Ditto       ditto         Min.         ditto, 
Meandaiij^  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month,. 


Mean  Wet  Bu!h  Thermometer  for  the  month    *»,  .,.  „. 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer 
Computed  Blean  Dew-point  for  the  month 
Mean  Dry  Bulh  Thermometer  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ..* 


Mean  Elastic  force  of  Tapour  for  the  month 


.      5S.5 
*      12.1 

Inohes. 
.    0.450 


Troy  grain. 
Mean  Weight  of  Taponr  for  the  month  „.  .„  ...      4.98 

Additional  Weight  of  Vapour  required  for  complete  saturation    ,,*       2' 48 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  aaturatioa  being  tinlty  0,07 


Mean  Max.  8oIar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  , 


132.4 


I  To 

■       To 

L 


Inchet. 

Dmxled  1  dtty,^Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  honn       .*.  ,»,     Nil. 

Tota!  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...     '^ih 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge^  attaehfid  tA  IW  vs^«is^- 
meter  during  the  month        »..  ...  ,.*  .-  *-  ^S' 

PrermliDg  direction  of  the  Wind..,         ,.,  ^  ^"^  %^^**^  * 

♦  Height  70  feot  10  mckea  ii\*<>^c  igccroaA* 


via 


Meteorological  Ohenaliom, 


00       d 

r-t  O 


a*  ^ 

.5   « 

g  s  s  ^ 

^    ?-    O    c 


o 

g 


2S 


tc 

c3    G 


I 
a 

tc 

G 


00 

0; 


i 


Ai    KT 


TK(  tanji 


*A\ 

■tro  tnuj-j 


~  'aT'^ 
■no  i^iV"Jr 
~AVl?^^S 


Ar4^ 


'1111  \i\V,\\ 
"UO  IN  II J] 
'Ui*  Ultljf 


^?r  ^s  ■?! 


'UO  U[T7Jf 


-^q  -[^ 


UD  mii-jy 


no  Tiiwji^ 


Hf)  U11IV|- 


'iin  um^ 


UO  TIJIJIJ 


/ 


i-4  r-4                                      ^^^  ,_| 

f* 

C^l   ?1  "M  m  (M  ^  ^  r^  tM  ^  ^  C^  1M  ip^  ^  ^ 

fN  ^1  !N  'N  W  5^  'M 

~^^~^^~WWWW^  -4  ^  94  CO  04  7^  SQ  TiTcfij'ifi  &>  «"«^eia  eo  go  sq 


Cp  U3  '30'  OS  CD  <C  ^  t£  <^  CD  <D  t^  op  to  ^  J>  QD  I 


^'^cscsa  «  CQ  CO  ra  CQ  m  «o  co>#w3>?  -*#  o(i  os  eo  di9  0%  "M  ^  9t 


so   OT  CO  EO  SQ  00  P9  KTiPS  ^  05  rH  TO  "^  PO  ^  tCH>i  tn*  ?6  US  iC'S  ^qT 


CS   60  5*5  CS  fiO  *rO  so  ^  CO  CCl  ^  ^  ^        94  04  OT  ^^  ^^  ^  6*5  SO 


90    PO  PS  O  9?  TO  C?  O?  9^1  (f^l  "^^  QO  QO  PO  i-Hl  ^  )HI  ^  if^  91  901  CO  ^  ^ 


=3 

6  - 


94  OCl  C^  fO  TO  r 


,_«,^_^i-^.7PS7*-^TO'^i— '■-^'?1  ,-H,-^,-H^i-NrHi 


!W'N9<lTOi^'^'^"— '"-^?2M         TO^-*         i-*ip-«rt»-Hi-irH^M94 


^   ,^V-4  ^  TFl  IN  T?5  «5V»-^  r-  ?>l  ^  -f  ■?!  -M  5*1  ^M  «  -M  .-H-'  ^ 


'Jnoji^ 


B. 


McUorolofjtcal  Obierration *, 


IX 


Ah^lMcf  of  Ike  llennlU  of  Ht<'  Hourft/  ikfaoroiof/ical  OU'ervul'wim 

lakeii  at  thf  Saneijor  G^neraCs  Office,  QdcniUiy 

in  the  month   of  Febrvarif    1871. 


Latititde  tt''  'SV  V  North, 


Longiluile  88°  20'  ar  Eyst. 


Height  of  ilie  Cistern  of  tlic  Staiul*nllUromcteral)0%'e  llie  sea  level,  18.11  feet. 

Daily  Means,  &<*.  of  tlie  01»serva(ioiis  mid  of  the  IfygromeiricwlijleMutits 
dopenileiit  (hereon. 


:S 

l^iMiS^o  of  the  IJnromeler 

.A 

!i{«n^e  of  theTen)])Pi^- 

dn 

•iii<jf  (he  iby. 

«€ 

;    ture  tl^ii 

•iiig  the 

ihi^-. 

t^c 



Date. 

•    FS~ 

Max. 

llin. 

Diff. 

s^ 

;    Mnx. 

iMiii. 

Diir. 

j^-^" ; 

s^ 

1  Inrheis. 

Inches. 

1 

'  IiKrlies. 

1 

Tiiehos. 

o 

1 
o 

0 

o 

1 

1    80.028 

30,116 

29%8 

0.158 

71.4 

•     81.8 

64.9 

16.J» 

2 

1    24).9o2 

.037 

.887 

.150 

71.2 

IK3.2 

(50.5 

22.7 

3 

1        .OOG 

29,970 

.840 

,130 

73.9 

1     83.5 

68.8 

14.7 

4 

.009 

.994 

.834 

.160 

71.3 

1      80.5 

63.0 

17.5 

6 

'        .808 

.937 

.803 

.134 

70.6 

1      80.5 

62.3 

18.2 

C 

i        .894 

.981 

.841 

,140 

71.8 

82.0 

(52.0 

20.5 

7 

1        .903 

.976 

.847 

.129 

72.5 

,      81.4 

64.5 

1(5.9 

8 

1        .895 

.959 

.838 

.121 

73.6 

1      84.0 

65.5 

18.5 

9 

.899 

.97^S 

.850 

.128 

74.1 

8:^.5 

65.4 

18.] 

H) 

.899 

.9(57 

.840 

,127 

74.6 

!     ^5.0 

6(5.5 

18.5 

11 

.912 

.995 

1        .8(55 

.130 

75.6 

1      86.0 

(i8.0 

18.(! 

12 

.893 

.952 

'        .840 

.112 

75.4 

'      8(5.0 

(58.2 

17.8 

13 

.882 

,964. 

!        .809 

.155 

76.4 

88.6 

68.5 

20.1 

\\ 

.887 

.953 

.8:s$) 

.114 

77.1 

89.5 

(59.0 

20.5 

15 

.885 

.956 

.^37 

.119 

78.8 

1M>.5 

70.6 

19.'.» 

16 

.872 

.959 

.816 

.143 

7(5.9 

■      8(5.8 

68.9 

17.9 

17 

.91<> 

30.019 

.877 

.142 

(59.9 

74.0 

6(5.7 

7.3 

18 

.901 

29.986 

.836 

.150 

72.(1 

80.9 

65.5 

15.4 

19 

1        .92(5 

.995 

.8(55 

.130 

73.6 

82.0 

(5(5.5 

15.5 

20 

.926 

.9i>5 

.8(56 

.129 

72.2 

H).4 

(>6.0 

14.4 

21 

1        .955 

30.031 

.9(>5 

.126 

71.3 

80.4 

02.0 

18.; 

22 

i        .936 

.025 

.877 

.11^ 

74.5 

85.0 

(55.2 

19.8 

23 

j        .873 

29.941 

i        .809 

.135 

77.4 

87.5 

68.8 

18.7 

24, 

.890 

.9C2 

.830 

.132 

80.0 

89.6 

73.7 

159 

25 

.915 

.995 

.817 

.148 

78.3 

86.  S 

72.5 

14.3 

26 

.905 

.990 

'        .8:« 

.157 

75.1 

82.5 

(50.8 

12.7 

27 

.878 

.9(52 

1        .83(5 

.126 

74.(5 

83.0 

(^.8  3 

n.7 

28 

.896 

.<JSl 

.841 

.141) 

71.9 

K5.5 

C»5.0 

20.5 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  linronielcr.  ;>s  like\^  ise  the  Dry  and  Wet  IJnlh 
Tliermonieter  Means  ore  tlerived,  from  the  hourly  oljiiewivC\<^\v&.,>Mk?^.\<  vvv  >\>««6. 
several  Lours  dicrin^  the  day. 


I  Meteorological  Observaiio)i9. 

Abstract  of  the  llesnlh  of  the  Hourly  MeUorolotjical  OhservalioH^ 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  GeneraVa  Office^  Calcutta^ 

in  the   month  of  Febniary    1871. 


Daily  Means,  Ac.  of  tlie  Obserra lions  and  of  the  llygrometrical  elemenU 
dependent  Ibereon. — (Continued.) 


Date. 

S  o 

1 

-3 

imputed  Dew  Point. 

1 

enn  Elastic  force  of 
vapour. 

p 

>  o 

Iditional  Weight  of 
Vapour  required  for 
complete  saturation. 

1 

X 
t^ 

o 
« 
* 

be 

e 
g 

II 

a 

P 

^    ! 

p 

;?! 

T.gr. 

<1 
T.  gr. 

13 

0 

0 

O       ' 

^ 

*  - 

Inches . 

1 

61.8 

6.6 

69.5  1 

11.9 

0.616 

6.G4 

2.71 

0.6S 

2 

63.5 

7.7 

67.3  1 

13.9 

.478 

.24 

3.06 

.63 

8 

67.6 

6.3 

63.2  i 

10.7 

.682 

6.35 

2.66 

.71 

4 

61.8 

9.5 

54.2 

17.1 

MM 

4.72 

3.61 

.67 

5 

62.8 

7.8 

56.6 

14.0 

MM 

5.13 

.02 

.63 

G 

Cl.l 

7.7 

57.9 

13.9 

.'^^ 

.31 

.11 

.63 

7     i 

G5.9 

6.6 

60.6 

11.9 

.5:u 

.84 

2.79 

.68 

8 

G5.5 

8.1 

59.8 

13.8 

.520 

.67 

3.26 

.&i 

^     1 

6i>.4 

7.7 

61.0 

13.1 

.541 

.90 

.17 

.05 

10 

6S.G 

6.0 

61.4 

10.2 

.605 

6.61 

2.59 

.72 

^^     i 

GS.9 

6.7 

64.2 

11.4 

.601 

.54 

.94 

.69 

12     1 

GD.o     . 

5.9 

65.4 

10.0 

.626 

.81 

.62 

.72 

13 

G;).4     1 

7.0 

ai.5 

11.9 

.607     ■ 

.60 

3.12 

.68 

U     1 

70.5     1 

6.0 

65.9  , 

11.2 

.636 

.90 

.02 

.70 

15 

68.9     i 

9.9 

62.0 

16.8 

.559 

M 

4.40 

.68 

IG 

69. 2 

7.7 

63.8 

13.1 

.593 

.41 

3.42 

.65 

17 

65.7 

1.2 

62.3 

7.6 

.565 

.21 

1.77 

.78 

18 

6().9     1 

5.1 

62.8  , 

9.2 

.571 

.29 

2.21 

.74 

19     1 

67.7     1 

5.9 

63.6  ' 

10.0 

.590 

.44 

.49 

.72 

20 

61.8 

7.-i 

5S.9 

13.3 

.504 

5.52 

3.03 

.65 

21 

62.5     : 

i^.S 

55.5 

15.8 

.450 

4.94 

.39 

.59 

22 

678     ■ 

6.7 

63.1 

11.4 

.580 

6.33 

2.85 

.69 

23 

72.3     , 

5.1 

68.7 

8.7 

.697 

7.55 

M 

.75 

21 

7i.9     1 

5.1 

71.3  • 

8.7 

.758 

8.18 

.63 

.76 

25     ' 

71.8     , 

i).o 

67.2 

11.1 

.661. 

7.19 

3.09 

.70 

2G 

66.1     I 

9.3 

59.6 

15.8 

.516 

6.61 

.82 

.60 

27 

63.8 

10.8 

56.2 

18.4 

MM 

.02 

4.18 

.55 

28 

60.9     1 

8.0 

61.3 

13.6 

.646 

.95 

3.33 

.64 

AU  the  i/yjjroujctrical  clemcuts  arc  con\vvxU^'\>^  W<i  Qit<i«\v.VvilW  ^Qtw'fc\i%jal% 


ileleorological  Ohsenatious, 


Abstract  of  the  liesnJts  of  the  Ilonrlt/  Meteorological  Observation t 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta^ 

in  the  month  of  February  1871. 


Hourly  Means,  <&c.  of  the  Observations  and  of  the  Hygrometrlcal  elements 
dependent  thereon. 


Hour. 


o  ^ 


J?ange  of  the  Bnronieter 

for  each  honr  during 

the  month. 


Max. 


Min. 


Diff. 


I^ange  of  the  Ten>pera- 
ture  for  each  liour 
during   tlie  month. 


Max. 


Min.  I  Diff. 


Mid- 
night. 

1 

2 

3 

4. 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 


Noon. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 


Inches. 


29.914 
.906 
.898 
.889 
.882 
.891 
.908 
.928 
.951 
.975 
.983 
.973 


.946 
.910 
.879 
.861 
.853 
.855 
.861 
.873 
.894 
.910 
.916 
.916 


.067 

.033 

.002 

29.979 

.963 

.958 

.964 

.978 

.992 

.999 

30.002 

29.991 


Inches. 

Ine^s. 

Inches. 

0 

0 

30.042 

29.872 

0.170 

70.3 

76.0 

.035 

.860 

.175 

69.7 

75.6 

.032 

.855 

.177 

691 

75.3 

.024 

.846 

.178 

68.5 

75.0 

.027 

.837 

.190 

68.0 

74.7 

.041 

.843 

.198 

67.6 

74.5 

.057 

.861 

.196 

67.1 

74.6 

.066 

.888 

.178 

67.0 

73.7. 

•  .090 

.913 

.177 

69.2 

76.5 

.113 

.927 

.186 

72.1 

78.7 

.116 

.937 

.179 

75.2 

81.5  1 

.102 

.910 

.192 

78.2 

84.5  ! 

.890  1 

.841 

.819  I 

.803  I 

.803 

.809 

.819 

.833 

.849 

.860 

.874 

.881 


.177 
.192 
.183 
.176 
.160 
.149 
.145 
.146 
.143 
.139 
.128 
.110 


80.3 
81.9 
83.1 
83.7 
83.4 
82.2 
79.2 
76.3 
74.4 
72.7 
71.8 
71.2 


86.5 
88.2 
89.4 
90.5 
90.3 
88.4 
84.5 
81.5 
79.0 
77.0 
76.3 
76.3 


65.6 
64.5 
63.7 
63.0 
62.0 
61.5 
61.0 
60.5 
63.8 
66.5 
70.0 
72.0 


66.7 
68.8 
69.5 
70.0 
69.5 
C8.0 
68.4 
68.0 
67.8 
67.7 
67.5 
66.5 


10.5 
11  0 
11.6 
12.0 
12.7 
13.0 
13.5 
13.2 
12.7 
12.2 
11.5 
12.5 


19.8 

19.4 

19.9 

20.5 

20.8 

20.4 

16.1 

13.5 

11.2 

9.3 

8.8 

9.8 


The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  "Bvs^Vi 
Thermometer  Means  are  dorired  from,  the  oVjaw'^^AAOii^TsxsAfc  ^^"Cv^si  -^^x^x*^ 
hovuts  during  tiie  month. 


Mrfetvutfotftiurf  OUerrafmvte, 


Mf/nn*/  of  ffte  BesnU.f  of  fife  llovrft/  M'le^nohijtcal  0hserrafion9 

iii/cen  at  (he  Snrvrt/or  GenoniVa  Office,  Calcatia, 

in  lite  month   of  Fctjruarij  1S7L 


ilourlj? 

Meani*, 

Ac.  of  tlic  OI»sorvnfii.rii.M 

nirtl  of  tlie  ITy^ronwlnViiT  e 

lew 

ent» 

cL. 

pcmlciit 

tliercon. 

— (CoulhinciJ.) 

1 

1 

Hour.  1 

1 

1 

<^  . 
if 

i     i      ■ 

1        rt 

;  -*  ! 

1  ^   ' 

^    ! 
1 

2 

P 

> 

Is 

U 

5.1 

Tr  i) 

ST'  1*  « 

•r  £  s* 

Ml 

is 

III 

1  Mm 

1 

1 

o 

0 

0 

o 

Fiiclio.s. 

T.  gr. 

T.gr. 

Mid-  ; 

1 

i 

nigbt. 

60.5 

!      3.8 

G3.5  i 

C.8     ' 

0.588     ' 

(T.lf5 

'      1.02 

;   0.80 

1    ; 

<)G.2 

,      3.5 

GM  ' 

0.3     ' 

.5S(5 

.15 

.)8 

.81 

'2    \ 

Go.i> 

.      3.2 

(5:13  ' 

6.8 

.5St 

.13 

.:« 

.m 

3     . 

(55.7 

1      2.8 

(>:].5 

5.0     ' 

.588 

.18 

.17 

.8.5 

4     i 

03.1 

2.(5 

(5;;. 3 

4.7 

.5st 

.a 

.(K) 

.8(; 

6  ; 

(55. 1 

1      2.5 

153.1   ! 

•15 

.5.^0 

.11 

.03 

.8(J 

<)        ! 

(Jt.H 

2.3 

(>:r«) 

4.1 

.578 

.10 

0.112 

.87 

7 

(»1.5 

^      2.5 

(52.5 

'1.5 

.5(58 

.20 

1.01 

.8(5 

8     ' 

(55.7 

3.5 

(>2/.)  ' 

(5.3 

.570 

.35 

.1(5 

.81 

0  ; 

(5t5.1> 

.      5.2 

(52.7 

\y  1. 

.572 

.27 

2.2() 

.71 

10 

(57.0 

7.3 

(52.S 

12.1 

.57  i 

.2(; 

3.11 

.(57 

11 

CS.-ir 

1      D.B 

G1.5    ; 

10.7 

.5.50 

5.05 

4.:jo 

.58 

l^oon., 

n«.i 

:       11.^ 

1 

,    00.1 

20.2 

.525 

.05 

5.20 

.52 

1     , 

(5S.(5 

'    13.3 

,    50.3 

22.0 

.511 

.18 

.1)0 

.48 

2     , 

()S.G 

:    U.5 

5S.  1. 

21.7 

.l'M5 

.31 

0.55 

1 

.15 

3 

(5S.5 

15.2 

57.<J 

25.S 

Js^^ 

.21 

.80 

.13 

4     < 

()K.2 

15.2 

57.0 

25.8 

.183     ' 

.1(5 

.80 

.13 

6 

(;s.2 

11.0 

,    5S.t 

23.8 

.10(5     ' 

.31 

.23 

.KJ 

r» 

00.2 

lO.o 

(52.2 

17.0 

.5(53     ' 

0.08 

4.1.S 

.58 

7     ' 

()S.:j 

8.0 

(.52.7 

13.0 

.572 

.21 

3.18 

.01 

8     ' 

(57.1 

(5.(5 

(5:^2 

11.2 

.582     ' 

.35 

'      2.S0 

.(50 

0     1 

(57.  t 

5.3 

03.2 

0.5 

.5S2 

.3(> 

M 

.73 

10 

(57.0 

'      l.S 

0:^2 

8.0 

.5S2 

.37 

MH 

.75 

11 

Oi>.H 

1.4 

03.3 

7.0 

.5S1 

.41 

1.80 

.77 

All  the  i/jgromctrioul  elemeuU  arc  couvvvvtc^W^  \Ai«  <3xs!«\iw\^\\ VlviVi»\».wV*, 


Meleoroloffiea  I  Ohserra  iion^. 


XIII 


Ahsiracl  of  lite  Besnlis  of  the  Uonrli/  Meteorological  Ohsenai'ioiiH 
(aken  at  lite  Surveyor  GeneraVs  Offiee,  CalcnUa, 
in   the  month   of  February  1871» 
Solar  ItacliatioD,  Woatlior,  «&c. 


i  -I  ^ 


o 

1  ]38.0 

2  138.0 

3  138.0 


4:  137.2 
6   135.5 

6;  137.8 
7;  134.7 


8i  135.0 
9,  134.0  I 

lo;  i3r..o 

11    138.5 
12|  137.0  I 
13  I3y.5  I 

1 
14.  135.5 
15!  140.0  I 
10=  141.3  j 


jlufbes 


WlXD. 


Prcvailinjr 
direction. 


18 
19 


136.2  ! 
141.3 


20;  135.5 


21;  140.0 


22 
23 
24 


139.0 
141.0 
142.0 


W,WSW&SW 

s  s  w  &  w 


WSW&WbyS 
8  by  W  &  W  by  S 

S  S  E  &  S  by  El 
S,  S  S  E  &  S  by  E 


S&S  S  E 

s  s  w  &  w  s  w 

S  W  &  S  s  w 
S  S  AV  &  S  W 

ssw 

SSW,SW&SbyW 

S  by  W  &  8  S  W 
SS  W&SW 

is  W  &   Variable, 


P-i_ 


^  ^  .    General  aspect  of  the  Sky. 

^  c  i 


I 


0.26  ! 


Variable 


W 


0.10  jW  by  N  &  S  W 


I 


SW&WbyN 


WNW&TVbyS 

WSW&SW 

SbyW,  S&SSW 
0.40  Is  by  W  &  S  S  W 


Miles 
78.7 


9.0 


89.3 
112.3 


119.0 
89.7, 

81.0  i 
76.6 


80.8 

80.0 

92.2 

102.1 

142.1 

187.3 


B.  Foggy  from  3  to  8  a.  M., 
Si  8  to  10  p.  M. 

B  to  6  p.  M.,  \i  afterwards. 
Slightly  foggy  at  6  &  7  a.  M. 

o  to  7  A.  M.,  \i  to  6  p.  M., 

B,afterwards.Slightly  foggy 
from  1  to  5  A.M.,&8to  11p.m. 

B-  Foggy  at  8  &  9  p.  m. 

B  to  10  a.  M.,\ito4p.  M. 
B,  afterwards. 

B. 

B.  to  11  A.  M.,  V-i  to  2  P.M., 
|\i  to  6  p.  M.,  B  afterwards. 
Foggy  from  6  to  8  a.  m. 

B.  Slightly  foggy  at  8  p.  M. 

B.  Foggy  from  5  to  7  a.  m. 

B. 

B.  Foggy  from  2  to  5  a.  m. 

B.  Slightly  foggy  at  4  &  5 

|A.  M. 

107.1  I    B.  Foggy  from  3  to  8  a.  m. 

126.0      B. 

166.5  I     B  to  6  A.  M.,  \i  to  5  p.  if., 

B  afterwards.  Smart  Shocks 

of  Earthquake  felt  at'5}  a.  m. 
^i  to  10  A.   M.,   6  after- 

j wards.  E  at  11  &  12  a.  h., 

I&  4  &  6  p.  M. 
131.3  i     Clouds    of 'different  kinds 

Ito  4  p.  M.,  B  afterwards. 
\_i  to  6  A.  M.,  W  to  11  A. 

M.,  '^i  to  6  p.  M.,  clouds  of 

different  kinds  afterwards.  L 

from7to9&at  11  p.  m.,  T  & 

R  at  8  p.  M. 

I     S  to  4  A.M.,  \— i'to  10  a.m., 

iB  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 

from  9  to  11  p.  M. 
B.  Slightly  foggy  at  mid- 

inight,  &  1  A.  H. 

j  Chiefly  B.  Foggy  at  6  a.  m. 
I  Clouds  of  Tarious  kinds.  T 
!at  6i  &  7  p.  M.,  L  from  6.^  to 
18  p,  M.., ^  t>.V^,*\  ^^S^\^.^• 


132.0 


96.1 


111.9 


100.0, 

109.9 
126.5 
128.8 


i  8trah-,  '^i  Cumuli,  \-i  C\ro-atTtit\,  ^'^^^^^^-^'^T^'^^^^\^^^ 


\i  Cirri,  - 

V^i  CiPTO-cnmuIi,  B  clear,  S  stratonV,  O 


XIV 


MfUurolo(/ical  Olierralloni. 


AUiiart  of  the.  BemlU  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  OiserraiioHS 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  Ge/ieral's  Office,  Calcutta^ 

in    the   month  of  February  1S71. 

Solar  IJjidiatioii.  Wontlier,  «tc. 


AViND. 


tt  r  ^ 

'^  .J  £         Prevailing         >* 


El  >^  .^''  General  aspect  of  tlie  Sky. 
directiou.  ;?:  c;    ^  -r   i 


o         Inches.  lb  Miles  ■ 

25  139.0       ...      S  S  W  &  W  ...  ll»5.6  B.  Slightly  foggy  at  8  &  9 

P  M. 

20  139.0       ...     iWbyX&WhvS  ...  141.4  B. 

27  140.0       ...     W'SW.W&WtyS  ...  Kn.l  B.  Foggj- from 4 to  7  A.  M. 

28  141.0       ...      WSW,AVl>yS,&  ...  101.2  B. 

sw. 


Tirri  — i  Strati,  ^i  Cumuli,  V-i  C\Tro-slTal\,  rv_\i:\\mvL\o-*\.T^i\:\,NrJv^\\xvVv, 
Srro' riimiili.  B  clear,  S  stratom,  O   o^ctca^t,  T  \.\i>^^^T,  \.  X^^VVxixx.^. 
lin.  P  drizzle. 


Meteor olog  lea  I  Ohaerva  lions. 


XV 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourlt/  Meteorological     Olservaflons 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 
iu   the    month    of  February    1871. 
Monthly  Eesults. 


]\rcan  ljeii(lit  of  tlio  Barometer  for  tlie  month... 

]\lnx.  lieiglit  of  tlie  Barometer  occurred  at   10  a.  m.  on  the   1st. 

!M  in.  lieiiiflit  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  3  &  4  p.  m.  on  tbo  6tli. 

l^.rtreme  raiipe  of  ilic  Baromet^'r  during  tbe  montli 

Mean  of  tlie  daily  Max.  Pressures 

])itto         ditto        Min.         ditto 
Mean  daily  range  of  the  Barometer  during  iLc  month    ... 


Inches. 

.  29.907 
.  30.11(5 
.  29.803 
.  0.313 
.  29.9S5 
.  29.8I4> 
.     0.136 


Mean  Pry  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month 
^fax.  Tenjperaturc  occurred  at  3  p.  m.  on  the  15(h. 
Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  7  A.  if,  on  the    2nd. 
Jixireme  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month 
Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Temperature  ... 

Ditto       ditto         Min.         ditto, 
Mean  daily  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month.. 


74.3 
90.5 
60.5 
30.0 
84.0 
66.7 
17.3 


i^Fean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer  for  the  month     ... 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tliermometer  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer 

Computed  Mean  Dew-point  for  the  month 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ... 


Mean  Elastic  force  of  Vapour  for  the  month    ... 


67.1 

7.2 

62.1 

12.2 

Inches. 
.     0.561 


Troy  grain. 

Mean  Weight  of  Taponr   for  the  month  ...  ...  ...       6.12 

Additional  Weight  of  Vapour  required  for  complete  saturation    ...       300 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  saturation  being  unity  0.67 


Mean  Max.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  mouth 


o 
138.1 


Inches. 

Eained   3  days, — Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  hours       ...  ...     0.40 

Total  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...     0.76 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month        ...  ...  »,,  ...  -•  ^^^* 

PrevaiiJiig  direction  of  the  Wind ^'^^  >  li.'^^^  ^ 

♦Height  70  feet  10  \iic\ieE  «i)OTe  ^otxsA. 


XVI 


Hfeieoroloffica I  Oiiferva/iuttn, 


OD         d 

^       o 

r5    b 


«    Z 


ft 
o 
S 


B 

a 
o 


5s     S 


e 


i. 


If  is 


^  «  5  :3 
1^  aa  —  -w 


I   1 


Av  •>::,"<: 

AVJX 

*IU»  UfWJ[ 

AVMAV 

'UO  uiii;i 

X^'4A\ 

•uo  UIWJI 

"   AV 

•uo  UjUJI 

s  -^^q  •  AV 


•uo  uiit^i 
•uo  UlUJI 
•uo  until 

lA\:s;s' 

•uo  UjUJJ 

;av7h.:s 

•uo  Ul«}[ 

'do   UjK^I 

"A  A<i  s 

•uo  uiirjf 
"A    S    S 

Ut)  UIIIJI 

A    S 
uo  unijf 

'UO  un:j| 

>^'  '^'l  ['[ 
Uo  im;jf 


•tin  UllIJ] 
"UO  UMIJI 

A    K'A 

'UO  UIIJJI 

~~~A    K 
'UO  uinjy 

•no  unrji 

A  ^<i  's: 

'UO  uinji 
_     *>S 


W  l-Hf- l-^f^l^-^'-H'-* 


i-H  n  ^  ri  -M  ri  -M  -M  -M  rH 


CO^n^— •'-^-^p-'NT^'^?^ 


Mn-M-H      ,-i,^,-i»^»^,-H 


cQ  oc  cc  ri  ri  ^1  -M  ri  -M  n  «  lo  cc  « "lb  H»  rf  lb  «  ?c  rs  cc  "N  n ' 


'/^i 


'-t  -M  'M  n  ^1  CCM        CC  •*  lO  i'^  »0  »<5  lO  OC  i-i 

"^    ^  '^  ^  r?  *?  rf  CO  •*  CC  >1  i-H  *;<  IC  l'»  •<5  to  •*  rc  -?■!  -"         j^l  -^ 

~"m~  (M  -m  cc  n'vi  r?  »©  -^  -M  cc  »c~^  :i  -^  lo  «o  rr  cTio  »io  oo  sC 
x~x  X  i>.  i>.  i>.  :o  ;b'<i«  "^  i>.  :c  co'-^  -^  '^  -^  r*  cc  «o  «b  -o  x  di' 
•^'  ■^'^  "^  '•f  00  ^  ?o~'^  "!*  'j'l  »-^  ■  ■  ~     ,-,  ,—1  r-i" i-4~i— I  cb  w' 

'>!"'-'  ^  ^  ^  "'N  •-•  r-i  <M  5^  rH~  f-i  f-i  <M  'M  -N  CO  CO  «■ 

p»  ^-  « 

;  ^    ,-.  r-  ri  -H  ^  r-.  '^  .-^  ,-.  r-^  ^  ^  ^         7^1  .-^  ^  ^  ^M  -M  -M  ^  -M 


::;  tc 


— *  ^1  r:  -*  »o  •,c  i>.  X  r.  c 


ilcleoTolinjical  Ohnerva  Hon  8 , 


xvii 


Ahmir/icf  of  Ike  lh*nnlU  of   titt  Ilonrft/  Mefeorohxjical  Ohaervatiou^ 

taken  at-  the  Siirvei/or  GeneraiU  Offu-e,  Calculia, 

in  the  month    of  March    1871. 

Latittule  25^  ^.^J'  V  North.     Longitude  8B^  20'  3r  Eiit>t. 

llt'iglitof  tlieCist<?rn  of  tlie  Standard  Barometer  above  tlie  sea  level,  18.11  feet. 

Daily  Means,  »fec,  of  tlte  Observations  and  of  tlie  Kygrometrieal  elements 
*  dependent  tliereryi. 


1    ^ 

^ 

z^ 

l^ange  of  tlie  BHroineter 

IJniigo  of 

tlieTr 

n)]ierA- 

"TJf 

^  *^ 

during;  tlie  day. 

n| 

tare  during  tlie 

(hiy. 

r^ 

n 

C   ? 



Date. 

"3  rt 

Max. 

Min. 

Diff. 

2d 

Max. 

1 

Min.  ; 

1 

Difl". 

IncLes. 

Inches. 

Tnclies. 

Inches, 

o 

o 

0 

o 

1 

29.882 

29.950 

29.800 

O.MI 

76.2 

813 

70.0 

113 

2 

.923 

30.012 

.815 

.107 

09.2 

70.5 

07.0 

3.5 

3 

.845 

29.928 

.789 

.139 

08.O 

70.5 

05. 0 

5.5 

4 

.8i7 

.910 

.788 

.128 

09.8 

77.1 

01.0 

13.1 

5 

.i>53 

30.031 

.902 

.132 

71.8 

79.5 

0().O 

13.5 

(i 

.9(U) 

.050 

.917 

.133 

73.2 

82.0 

05.1 

10.0 

7 

.913 

29.981 

.8W 

.135 

75.1. 

83.8 

09.0 

11.8 

8 

.9U 

30.028 

.883 

.115 

74.0 

-     82.5 

07.O 

15.5 

0 

.937 

.(H;9 

.870 

.139 

70.2 

80.7 

07.5 

19.2 

10 

.885 

29.957 

.812 

.145 

78.0 

8vS.2 

70.5 

17.7 

11 

.880 

.910 

.816 

.124 

79.2 

89.0 

72.2 

10  8 

12 

.801 

.902 

.831 

.131 

80.9 

91.0 

73.5 

17.5 

13 

.859 

.91.1 

.782 

.102 

81.1 

91.0 

74.0 

17.0 

U 

.781. 

.800 

.711 

.119 

82.4. 

92.3 

7t.O 

18.3 

15 

.098 

.758 

.038 

.120 

83.1 

93.5 

74.5 

19.0 

10 

.702 

.851 

.009 

.182 

82.0 

,      91.5 

71.5 

17.0 

17 

.8t9 

.912 

.793 

.149 

78.2 

87.0 

70.3 

10.7 

18 

.830 

.918 

.78S 

.130 

77.7 

'      87.0 

08.1 

IS.O 

19 

.837 

.908 

.783 

.125 

78.9 

;      89.8 

71.5 

1S.3 

20 

.881 

.90() 

.831 

.132 

!      80.8 

91.0 

71.5 

1().5 

21 

.808 

.940 

.793 

.117 

1      81.7 

93.0 

72.0 

21.0 

22 

.837 

.900 

.778 

.128 

,      83.4 

i      91.0 

71.5 

19.5 

23 

.851, 

.931 

.791 

.IW 

\      83.5 

95.0 

75.5 

19.5 

21 

.818 

.900 

.710 

.151 

83.8 

1      90.0 

73.8 

22.2 

25 

.776 

.811 

.717 

.127 

84.1 

1      95.0 

77.0 

18.0 

26 

.797 

.858 

.730 

.128 

81.9 

i      97.7 

i    70.5 

21.2 

27 

.849 

.929 

.779 

.150 

1      83.4 

:      92.4 

'  7r).5 

15.9 

28 

.832 

.912 

.7r.8 

.lit 

j      85.2 

91.0 

i    79.3 

14.7 

29 

.818 

.890 

.751 

.142 

1      83.5 

92.2 

1    70.0 

1    10.2 

30 

.701 

.851 

.612 

.212 

1      81-.9 

97.2 

i    70.5 

20.7 

31 

.750 

.825 

.000 

.169 

1      85.1 

1 

95.5 

77.7 

17.8 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived,  from  the 
several  Lours  during  the  day. 


likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 
hourly  observations,  made  at  the 


XVUl 


MtUorological  Olservatiom, 


AhHraci  of  (he  Beanlfa  of  the  Hourly  Me(eorolot;ical  OliervaHions 

taken  af  the  Survrf/or  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the   month  of  March    1871. 


Daily  Menus,  Slc.  of  tlic  Observations  and  of  the  Jfygrometrical  elemenU 
depeniliMit  tlicreon. — (Coniiinud.) 


i 

> 

o 
*2 

>  o 

^1& 

^1 

Pat*?. 

^3 

i 

5.? 

PA 

Q   G    p< 

<3 

c  ^  bo 
g  g  s 

5  3 

1~1 
0 

1 

•  0 

o 

Inclios. 

^5 

go 

^ 

T.  gr. 

T.  gr. 

1 

72  8 

34 

70.4 

6.8 

0.730 

8.00 

1.66 

0.83 

2 

6S.0 

1.2 

07.O 

2.2 

.059 

7.27 

0.54 

.93 

8 

(><;.s 

1.2 

()5.8 

2.2 

.031. 

.01 

.52 

.93 

4 

GO.l 

37 

('>3.I 

0.7 

.5>0 

6.38 

1.57 

.80 

5 

(;5.9 

5.9 

iJl.2 

lo.o 

.511 

6.97 

2.43 

.71 

6 

07.2 

G.o 

02.4 

l()..s 

.507 

0.19 

.63 

.70 

7 

70.0 

5.1 

or.. 2 

9.2 

.042 

.99 

.44 

.74 

8 

0S.3 

67 

01.3 

9.7 

.0t»3 

.59 

'        .45 

.73 

9 

0:>.O 

7.2 

OH) 

12.2 

.597 

.19 

'      3.17 

.67 

10 

73.1 

4.9 

09.7 

bM 

.720 

7.80 

2..39 

.77 

n 

73.7 

5.5 

09. >< 

9.4 

.722 

.81 

.       .75 

.74 

12 

73.G 

7.3 

0S.5 

12.4 

.092 

.47 

•     3.03 

.G7 

13 

'.  i-.o 

().») 

09.9 

11.2 

.725 

.80 

i        .37 

.70 

11 

72.7 

9.7 

(;-).9 

1«).5 

.030 

0.82 

:     4.79. 

.69 

35 

7l..=i 

8.') 

Os.o 

11.0 

.Oi>2 

7.12 

1       -'^^ 

.03 

3G 

72.3 

ln.:j 

OVl 

17.5 

.019 

0.01 

5.04 

.67 

17 

Ol.l 

13S 

5t.7 

•J3.5 

.438 

4.73 

!        .52 

.46 

18 

r).>.i» 

li.H 

57.0 

2'M 

.l.>3 

5.22 

4.^8 

.62 

19 

72  3 

(J.G 

07.7 

11.2 

.074 

7.3<) 

3.17 

.70 

LJ 

72.t*. 

8.2 

(>0.9 

13.9 

.057 

.(»8 

;    .99 

.64 

21 

72. 1 

9.3 

(>5.9 

1.V8 

.030 

0.83 

1      4.54 

.60 

22 

7r>.9 

75 

70. 0 

12.8 

.711 

7.91 

i        .(^2 

1 

.66 

23 

73.1 

10.4 

05.8 

17.7 

.031 

0.79 

5.21 

1 

.57 

21 

7t2 

9.0 

07.5 

10.3 

.070 

7.18 

4.92 

.69 

25 

111 

0.4 

73  2 

10.9 

.800 

8.03 

,      3.58 

.71 

2t5 

7^.6 

10.3 

07.4 

17.0 

.608 

7.12 

6.37 

.67 

27     1 

77.0 

5.9  - 

73.1 

10.0 

.811 

8.09 

3.27 

.73 

2S     1 

77.S     1 

7.t 

72.0 

12.6 

.790 

.43 

'     4.18 

.67 

29 

75.1 

8.t 

09.2 

14.3 

.7(H 

7.59 

1        -'^1 

.63 

3) 

7r  S    i 

7.1 

72  8 

12.1 

.7;»5 

8.50 

1      3.99 

.68 

31 

79.3 

6.8 

75.2 

9.9 

.800 

9.18 

1        .39 

.73 

Ah  the  Hygrometrical  clemenU  are  computed  by  the  Greenwich  Confitantt. 


Meteorological  Observaiiotts, 


XIT 


Abstract  of  the  Tteanlts  of  the  Uotirli/  Meteorological  Observations 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the  month  of  March  1871. 


Hourly  Means,  Ac.  of  the  ObservntionR  and  of  tlie  Hjgrometrical  elements 
dependent  thereon. 


^13 

Jlniige 

of  the  B^iroiiieter 

?S 

Bfinpfe  0 

rtheT* 

iiipcrai- 

1  ^  >4 

Tor  enHi  lioiit*  \ 

lurijig 

£3    U 

in  re  f*»r  rm-li 

ftfiiiir 

f* 

Jje  ni  OIL  111 

* 

clrir'ii^: 

lllO  IIKIttU. 

Hour 

^  |o 

Pl 

Mfljt. 

Min. 

Diff. 

ii 

Ma.r, 

Min. 

DifR 

^J 

fe^ 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

0 

0 

0 

o 

Mid- 

« 

nif^ht. 

29.857 

29.964 

29.703 

0.261 

75.3 

80.8 

65.2 

15.6 

1 

.844 

.958 

.690 

.268 

74.7 

80.5 

65.0 

15  5 

2 

.830 

.953 

.673 

.280 

742 

80.0 

65.7 

143 

3 

.821 

.943 

.669 

.274 

73.8 

80.0 

66.0 

14.0 

4 

.818 

.939 

.668 

.271 

73.2 

79.8 

65.0 

14.8 

6 

.829 

.949 

.674 

.275 

72.8 

79.6 

64.5 

15.1 

6 

.848 

.964 

.688 

.276 

72.3 

79.5 

64.0 

15.5 

7 

.871 

.987 

.710 

.277 

72.5 

79.3 

64.0 

15.3 

8 

.899 

30.014 

.737 

.277 

74.8 

81.5 

65.0 

16.5 

9 

.918 

.046 

.743 

.303 

77.4 

84.0 

66.5 

17.5 

10 

.922 

.050 

.758 

.292 

80.2 

87.0 

68.0 

19.0 

11 

.914 

.040 

.750 

.290 

83.1 

90.2 

68.7 

21.6 

Noon. 

.892 

.016 

.732 

.284 

85.2 

92.5 

69.8 

22.7 

1 

.864 

29.992 

.718 

.274 

86.7 

94.3 

69.5 

24.8 

2 

.834 

.968 

.686 

.272 

87.8 

96.0 

69.7 

26.3 

8 

.808 

.933 

.668 

.265 

88.5 

97.2 

69.5 

27.7 

4. 

.797 

.920 

.650 

.270 

88.4 

97.7 

70.1 

27.3 

6 

.792 

.924 

.638 

.286 

87.3 

96.0 

70.0 

26.0 

6 

.798 

.927 

.650 

.277 

84.4 

92.0 

69.3 

22.7 

7 

.815 

.935 

.672 

.263 

81.3 

87.6 

69.2 

18.4 

8 

.836 

.957 

.684 

.273 

79.3 

85.0 

69.0 

16.0 

9 

.854 

.968 

.699 

.269 

78.0 

83.8 

68.0 

15.8 

10 

.864 

.971 

.708 

.263 

76.9 

81.8 

67.0 

14.8 

11 

.862 

.971 

.703 

.268 

76.2 

81.2 

67.0 

14.2 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Drj  and  Wet  Bu'b 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived  from  the  obseryationa  made  at  the  several 
hours  during  the  month. 


j^Ielt'ornfotj'iraf  Ohxerra fionit. 


Ahnfiitct  of  f/ie    'RtisnJf.s  of  the  llonrli/  Mefeorological  Ohservationn 

taken  at  the  Survet/or  Geuenira  Ofjlcey  Calcutta^ 

in  the  7Houth   of  March   1871. 


Hourly  iVfi'wnH,  Ar.  of  tlic  OlH(M'Tntioii»  nnd  of  tlie  JTygroinctTica]  elemeiit» 
(Icpt'inlout   tlioreoi>. — (CoHl'mHcd.) 


i        , 
u 

2 

1 

C4^ 

o 

Vapour 
of  air. 

ji 

1      ^ 

i        o 

. 

& 

^  «j 

T    s-    *- 

«^            *i 

Hour.!     « 

;  1 

f 
Q 

at 

11 

.rf.2 

CJ 

u 

^ 

TS 

^ 

CS 

'c  15 

rt       zl 

tf.  =  cs 

'  ?. 

1 1 

1      >» 

3 

^3 

1          g    rt 

1  'S  S'S 

t^ 

'          t. 

4» 

•'    '^ 

1      r"  »         O 

**  1^  --5 

S 

^ 

:     P 

;    0 

?-♦ 

r^ 

r^ 

^    S- 

!    ^r-o 

a''- 

o        i  rntrlio.4.  ;    T.  gr.       T.  gr. 


I 
•> 

1 


s 

in 
11 


72.5 

72.1 
71. s 
71. t 
71.1 
70.  S 
70.  t 
7<>.() 
71.7 
72. :i 
72. s 

7;'>.o 


2.S 

2.i; 

2. 1 

2.  f 
2.1 
2.() 
1.1) 
1.1) 
:j.1 
r>.i 
7.1 

n).i 


7<).r, 

7i).8 
7<>.l 

«;;).7 
(::».? 
(;•.». 2 

OD.l 
<)S.7 


4.8 

l.i 
1.1 
1.1 

:j.h 

:m. 
8.1 

S.7 
12. «r 
17.2 


o.7:W 
.7:U 
.72i» 
.720 

.71:) 
.70s 
.7<)I 
.7or> 
.7ir, 
.»;i>7 
.r>72 


8.05 

.02 

7.1)7 

Ml 

.s<> 
.7'> 
.01) 

.^*i) 

.5.5 
.2"> 

G,.s2 


i.:r> 
.21 
.12 
.11 

.<>2 

0.1  H) 

.81) 

.1)0 

i.n; 
2.  If; 

o.ot 


.87 

.ss 

.ss 

.8l> 

.1>(> 

.IM) 
.St 

.7i» 
.r.7 
.5S 


'M.Il. 

7:i.o 

12.2 

(W.o 

2t)7 

.007 

.ts 

(MM 

.51 

1 

72:^ 

1  1.1. 

(•:i.7 

2:ro    1 

.-,11} 

.21) 

.81) 

.IS 

«■> 

72.1 

1.1.7 

(••2.7 

2r>.l          ; 

.r,72 

.08    ; 

7.52 

.!.> 

;» 

72. 1 

IC.l 

<>2.7 

2r>.s    , 

.572 

.<M> 

.82     ' 

.4i 

4. 

72. •> 

.    i:>.8 

«":M 

2:7.:^ 

.580 

.15 

.(>l) 

.M 

0 

7:M 

1  1.2 

(il.H 

22.7 

.Oo;r    , 

.•>7     I 

<».1)1. 

.IS 

(I 

7:?.l) 

1  <»..-, 

iV\.o 

17.1> 

.(VlsS     1 

.1)3 

5.38 

.5<; 

7 

7:i.:i 

S.o 

(>7.7 

IIJ.O 

.r>7 1 

7.25 

3.II1) 

.(5.> 

s 

72  7 

{\y, 

(;.s.i 

11.2     ; 

.()S|l 

.:J8 

.21 

.7^^ 

1) 

72."') 

5.5 

(N.d   : 

<).! 

XOo 

.53 

2.ru> 

.71 

ID 

72  1 

1  0 

(51). 2 

7.7 

.7«)S 

.01) 

.17 

.78 

11       ' 

72.7 

:i..> 

70.2 

6.0 

.7:i2 

.J)5     1 

1.71 

.82 

;  II  •  I      _       ' 

AJi  llu*  My::n»uu'trical  clomouts  are  v-nniiuvtod  hy  tUc  Greeuwicli  Ci mutant :=: 


Meleorohjfical  Obnerva  fiov^. 


A^js/racf-  of  the  Remits  of  the  Hourly  Mefeorologiral  Ohaerrafiom 
taken  at  the  Surve/for  General's  Office y  Calcutta, 
iti    the   month    of  March  1871. 
Solar  Jiadiation,  Weatlier,  Jcc. 


^1 


I  rr.  s^     • 

■•'5  "^  *5 

'     ,*J  2 1      rrevailinfif 


WiM.. 


i-=^0. 


direction. 


o 
]36.5 


:  Inches | 

I    0,65  jSSWi&SbyW. 


3.83  ,SSE  &  Variable. 


6   139.0 


8, 

9 

lo' 
11 

yi\ 
IS 
li 

15 

la, 

171 

IB 
ID 

2<Jl 

21 
^2 

23' 
21 

25 


137.0  I 

138.2  I 

110.0  I 
IILO' 
112.5  ' 
141.5 
M1.5 
M5.U  I 

1 14.5  ' 
1118 

141.0 

M0.0 
ML3 
145.0 

146.5 

M^.8 

143.8 
148.0 


143.0 
145.0 


—    V. 


«5 


General  aspect  of  the  Sky. 


...     !    0.79 

I 

132.0  1    0.14 

I 
135.0  i     ... 

i 


SE 

WIS  W&NW 
|W  «fe  W  S  W 

:WSW,SbyW&S 

iSby  W&  S  W 

iSS  W&  WbyS 

I  '      I 

|WSW,SSWJtSW 

;s  Jt  s  s  w 
IS  A  8  s  w 

IB  by  W  &SW 

18  b>  W 

|S  by  W  &  S  W 

8  S  W  &  S  W 
SAW 

W  N  W  j£  W 
W  S  W 

SSWA8W.   rw 

SbyW.SSWAWS 

wsw.sw.tssw 
S  hj  w&wsw 

S8W&  WbyS 
S  W  &  S  by  W 

SSW,S&SSE 

S  byE,SWi&W 


!  Miles 
114.4 


0.9 


B  to  3  A.  M.,  S  to  9  A.  M., 

i  to  4  p.  M.,  O  aflt-cr wards. 
T  &  L  from  3 J  to  9  p.  m.  E  at 
1,  4  &  from  64  to  lip.  m. 

O.  Tat2|A.  M.,  8&  10  p. 
M.  L  at  2^  A.  M.  &  8  p.  M.  H 
nearly  the  whole  day. 
I  Chiefly  O.  R  from  1  to  4  & 
■at  12  A.  M.,  &  from  2  to  6^- 
'p.  M. 

;  Chiefly  B.  Sliprhtly  foggy 
from  8  to  10  p.  M.  E  at  3  A.  M. 
'  Vi  tA5  A.  M.  B,  to  10  A.  M., 
A— •  to  4  P.M.  B,  afterwards. 
Foffffy  from  7  to  11  a.  m. 
I  B  to  11  A.  M.,  '^i  to  5  p.  M., 
IB  afterwards. 

I     B  to  9  A.  M.,  ^-i  to  2  p.  u.y 
B  to  8  p.  M.,  V^i  afterwards. 
I     Chiefly  B.  Foggy  from  4  to 
10  A.  M. 
I     B.. 
;    B. 

B. 

B.  Slightly  ^c%^  at  9  p,  m. 

B.  Fogjrv  from  4  to  9  a.  m, 
I     Chiefly  B.  Slightly  foggy  at 

6  A.  M. 

B. 

B.  Slightly  foggy  ffom  5  to 

A.   M. 

B. 
B. 
B. 

Chiefly  B.  Slightly  foggy  at 

&  7  A.   31. 

B. 

S  to  2  A.  ir.,  B  afterwardi. 

Sliglitly  foggy  at  4  l^  5  a.  m. 
120  J  I     B.  Foggy  Iroin  4  to  8  a.  si. 
16D.7  I     B.  to  5  A.  ».,  \i  to  3  p,  u., 

]B  afterwards. 
230.5      B  to  2  r.  m„  \i  to  8  p.  ir., 

IB  afterwBrds, 
180.4  I     B  to  y  i.  ai.,  \i  to  1  p.  m, 

[B  afterwards^ 


178.1 

224.2 

187.4 
95.2 

93.2 

i  213.0 
I  208.0 

113.4 

177,0 

101.0 
10.8 

91.5 

127.4 
108,0 

99J5 

99.3 

138.3 

lati-l 

109.6 
117.8 


\i  Cirri, — i  Strati,  '^i  Camuli,  v_i  Ciro-strati,  '^i  Cunmln-stmii,  \,^i  Nimbi, 
Vi  Cirro-cumuli,  B  clear,  S  stratoni,  O  overcast,  T  \.\i»sA«t,  ^  \\^>is»xsN?^> 
E  ram,  V  drizzle. 


xxn 


Meleorolotfical  Observations. 


Abstract  of  the.  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 

in    the   month  of  March  1871. 

Solar  Eniliation,  AVouther,  Ac. 


o  o 

SI 

a*- 


27 


o 
141.0 


^^  ^  9 


hicliesl 


Wind. 


ProTfliling 
direction. 


28  143.0  ■ 
2i)  140.0! 
30  148.0  ; 
31 1  146.8  I 


I 


SSW,SSE&S 


S  by  W 
S  &  S  by  W 
S  byAV  AS 
SSE&S 


^  ^    General  aspect  of  the  Skj. 


lb     Miles.  1 

111.4  I    B  to  3  A.  M.  S  to  8  A.  X.  B 

|to  2  p.  M.,  ^  -i  to  7  p.  M.  S  af- 

iterwnrds.  Foppy  at  6  a.  li.,  L 

;&  D  at  lOV  p.  M. 
]  11.4  I     S.  to  0  a.  m..  B  afterwards. 
105.4  :     Vi  to  8  A.  M.,  B  afWwardi. 
166.1       B  to  5  p.  M.,  \i  afterwards. 
229.0  I    B.  to  2  p.  M.,  \i  to  8  P.  ii.,  B 

'afterwards. 


Cirri,—!  Strati,  ^i  Cumuli,  v-.i Cirro-strati,  r^\  Cumulo-strati,  vv^iNimbi, 
Cirro-cumuli.  B  clear,  S  stratoni,  O  o^etc«.i\,,  'I  ^>a»sA^x,  I^  U^btning, 
nun,  D  drizzle. 


Jleieorological  Observations, 


XXlll 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Honrlif  Meteorological     Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta^ 
in   the    month    of  March    1871. 

MOMTHLT    EbSULTS. 


Mean  lieiglit  of  tlie  Barometer  for  tlie  month... 

Max.  lieiglit  of  tlie  Barometer  occurred  at   10  a.  m.  on  tlie    6th. 

^lin.  lieiglit  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  5  P.  M.  ou  the  15th. 

Jijrh'cwe  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  mouth 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Pressures 

Ditto        ditto       Min.         ditto 
Mean  daily  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month    ... 


Inches. 

29.850 
,  30.050 

29.638 
.     0.412 

29.926 

29.783 
.     0.143 


Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month 
Max.  Temperature  occurred  at  4  p.  H.  on  the  26th. 
Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  6  &  7  a.  m,  on  the  4th. 
Hxtretne  riniffe  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month 
Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Temperature  ... 

Ditto       ditto        Min.        ditto, 
Mean  dailg  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month. 


79.4 
97.7 
61.0 
33.7 
88.7 
72.1 
16.6 


Mean  Wet  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month     ... 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer 

Computed  Mean  Dew-point  for  the  month 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ... 


Mean  Elastic  force  of  Yapour  for  the  month 


72.3 

7.2 
67.2 
12.2 

Inches. 
.     0.664 


Troy  grain. 

Mean  Weight  of  Vapour  for  the  month  ...  ...  ...       7.17 

Additional  Weicht  ot    Vapour  required  for  complete  saturation    ...       3.46 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  saturation  being  unity  0.68 


Mean  Haz.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  , 


o 
142.2 

Inohes. 

Bained  5  days. — Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  hours       ...  ...     3.83 

Total  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...     6.41 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month        ...  ...  ,„  ...  ...    5.16 

Prerailing  direction  of  the  Wind 8  by  W,  &  8  S  W. 

*  Height  70  feet  10  vnc;\]LC%  i^t%  ^scq^oA. 


XXIV 


jHftifeoro/nf/ival  Oltuvivntnuin, 


1^ 

"UO  UIKJ[ 

oc 

d 

M^j^'-is: 

t 

o 

uy  itroji 

R 

^, 

S" 

^u"^:^^' 

'TS 

■no  \u\^\\ 

V 

«^ 

o 

'^_K_ 

*^ 

s 

■irt)  niEj[ 

o 

^ 

§ 

_A\  \:*A\ 

^ 

*< 

c 

'llO  lUVJI 

•*- 

,« 

i* 

■v-A.rv\ 

^ 

"^ 

"I'k  m%\}\ 

-5 

•»- 

"^      * 

'\\ 

^    r' 

e 

&4    S 

notm^jl 

li'F 

■£AI,  -  \\ 

i 

tc— 

nil  lUlSJJ 

% 

.< 

'Uj»  lllUJl 

»>- 

1,  ^ 

!S 

•^  ^ 

\\\  '^_ 

^ 

R 

c  ■»■ 

"ii<>  ini:j| 

V 

CD 

'b  § 

U  'S*'S 

^ 

IK!  uii:j| 

5-  'ti 

r '5 

\v\  -^'q  *s 

V.     »- 

5:    Li 

"Z   t- 

Mill  (1IMJJ 

cr,  r 

t.  ^ 

.     ll 

^  '/. 

"K 

"5  'f 

>  '^ 

'T|i«  ilt,;jj 

^  "^ 

:-.    •"- 

"M  ^^''1  >■ 

•^  F 

r    ^' 

■Ihi   Mfll'l 

•c:  ^ 

-=    r: 

M  s  s 

^  ^. 

r    5 

Miv  im;*f 

■^ 

tr  5= 

■:'i  s 

K  t-' 

ii-«  miiji 

<J 

V. 

rz    z    ; 

c^ 

":i    5^  M 

►«w 

•  —    i   ' 

'XUv    tU12J| 

.^ 

'^    ^ 

^S  -^^l  "J 

^, 

< 

?r    • 

"tlu   UIMI^ 

^  1 

<;, 

> 

nn  Mii'n 

c: 

""     r^ 

,  ■     ' 

^ 

e*-  .5: 

'\-    Vif     Vj 

^ 

c  ^ 

V     1 

t-  V 

i^t  ijn:;| 

2 

c 

, 

t5 

s 

'A    'V  '^1 

a 

^ 

c 

."Al< 

V 

•5 

*itit  triH|| 

!<: 

^f. 

-  ' 

"M  'v  \s: 

^ 

i^ 

■"n«  nn^ir 

c 

fts 

'x 

Vf    A'l   \v 

Ol 

iiu  lirnii 

S. 

15 

s: 

>      H 


^Jrit^n 


„  ^         rM  „ 


•— '  *^  i-«  •ri  -^  *«  rt:  -*  ?^  «  cc  ?i  ^-*  *-» 


—  ^1  7-1 '?!  71  ^  r:  r:  n  ^i  ti 


*  ifT  Il7  ^  -4'  -^  ^  ^^  fi-  «<  ' 


I  —  n  ?5  C  3C  t3c  ^  -7* !»;  r?  ri  -^  ?i 


;  I-*  i^  (--.  y,  X  ]^  1^  -t  i!^  "(S  r?  If;  -^  io  "t  -*  »s  -*  ^  \^ 


y.  X  ^,  3C  3t  1^  71  7J  Ti  i(r  1*;  ^  li?  *c  i^i-  le  ^  lo  t= 


^  K  -^  I-  ^  I- 


^  71  71  7V  71 


--  "Ff  «—  'M  ^  -*?  »«  's  I-  DC  *,  r  «  5  — '  5^1  r:  •*  ic  -^  1^  3t  ^  r  '- 


Meteorohgieal  Olitnathnn. 


XXH 


dMract  of  ike  liesnlU  of  ike  Hourfy  ileleoroio^ical  Ohenation^ 

taken,  al  the  Stureyor  General*^  OJice,  Ca/cu/ht, 

miie  mmfk   of  Aprd   1871. 

Latitude  £2^  33'  V  Nurth,    Longitude  SB''  20'  3i"  E««i. 

Height  of  tke  Cistern  of  tUe  Sundarcl  BAronicter  tbove  i\\t  Roa  lovel,  18.1 1  feet, 

Daily  Me&os,  &c.  of  the  Observations  and  of  tlio  Hji^roioptrifal  eleroentH 
defM*inleut  tliereoil. 


Date. 


Eange  of  tlie  Barometer 
during  tlie  cJfijr. 


Mas. 


Min* 


Diff, 


Hniifi^p  of  the  Tempera- 
ture during  the  duy. 


Max* 


Min.    DiflT. 


1 

2 
3 

A 
5 

e 

7 
B 

10 

11 
12 

la 
u 
15 

16 

ir 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 


Inches* 

Indies. 

IneUes. 

29.770 

29.852 

29.715 

.823 

.894 

.771 

*816 

.872 

.727 

.762 

.830 

.672 

.769 

.817 

.703 

.S()3 

.876 

.754 

.743 

.813 

.660 

.729 

.795 

.676 

.769 

.826 

.725 

.839 

.909 

.768 

^1 

.948 

.8i»2 

.841 

.915 

.759 

.757 

.826 

.674 

.716 

.766 

.631 

.746 

.854 

.677 

,837 

.895 

.778 

.829 

^11 

.741 

.798 

.8*56 

.730 

.781 

.860 

,701 

.769 

.826 

.685 

.757 

.820 

.681 

.728 

.831 

.651 

.704 

*775 

,633 

.727 

^00 

,681 

.759 

.816 

.696 

.744 

.818 

.689 

.722 

,788 

.656 

.765 

.855 

.703 

.762 

.8:k) 

.679  - 

.709 

.784 

.651 

Inehes. 

0.137 
,123 
.]45 
MM 
AU 
.122 
.153 

aiti 

.101 
.141 
.146 
.156 
.152 
*135 
.177 
.117 
.170 
.13H 
.159 
.141 
.139 
.180 
.142 
.119 
.120 
,129 
.132 
.152 
.151 
.133 


84.6 
83.6 

824 
80.2 
82.H 
82J 
83,8 
84,3 
83,7 
85,5 
81.9 
85.3 
85.4 
85.0 
8L0 
75.8 
79J 
81,6 
83.7 
8L9 
80.2 
7G.2 
797 
81.2 
8L9 
81,9 
85-0 
85.5 
86.0 
86.1 


94.4 
900 

m& 

88.0 
91.3 

m.t 

91.0 
93.0 
88.2 
93.3 
t>2.7 
945 
9i.2 
93.6 
93.0 
83.0 

9410 
92.5 
93.0 
902 
80.8 
87.6 
86.3 
89.0 
89.2 
92.6 
93,0 
93.8 
84.5 


78.0 
78.8 
73.6 
72  3 
76.5 
79.0 
78.5 
78.6 
80,5 
80.8 
78.7 
79.5 
80,5 
79.4 
72.3 
72.0 
71.0 
74.c» 
77.5 
74.3 
73.5 
72.2 
72.4 
75,2 
77.7 
74.5 
79.5 
80.0 
8L0 
80.0 


16.4 
iL2 
15.9 
15.7 
14,8 
lOJ 
12.5 
144 
7.7 
125 
14.0 
15.0 
13.7 
14.2 
20.7 
11.0 
17.6 
16.0 
15.0 

lar 

16.7 
8.6 
15.2 
11  I 
11  3 
14.7 
13.1. 
13.0 
12.8 
14.5 


The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  a^  likewi^ie  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bttlb 
Thermometer  Mean»  are  derived,  from  the  kourl)  ohserfatiaua,  luade  at  the 
teTeral  houra  during  the  day. 


XXVI 


Meteorological  OlservalioH9» 


Ahatracf  of  the  B emits  of  the  llonrli/  Meteorological  0l9ervalhH9 
tiikeu  at  the  Snrret/or  General's  Office,  Calcutia, 
in  the   month  of  April  1871. 


"Daily  Means,  Ac.  of  ihe  Obflcrrfvlio»9  and  of  t}»e  JlygrooKtrieal  eiements 
clopoiuloii  t  tlK»reon. — (Cuntin  ited.) 


Pate, 

1 

fid 

i 

t 
P 

o 

p- 
o 

m 

'if  ^ 

ill 

g  3 

J 
^ 
^ 

^ 

"a 

ii 

^  £" 

T.  gr. 

O  0  tx 

:-5  i^s 

5 
o 

o 

0 

a  ?> 

1^' 

r' 

p. 

o 

0 

0 

TnclieK. 

T.gT. 

1 

ro.ir 

5.2 

75.8 

8.8 

0.a76 

9.37 

3.02 

o.7r> 

2 

7l».o 

4.(5 

75.8 

7.8 

.87(J 

.30 

2.04 

.7» 

:\ 

7r».<> 

5.2 

7:^3 

8.8 

i^Oi) 

8/58 

.83 

.75 

4     . 

7o.2 

5.0 

71.7 

8.5 

.7(58 

.28 

.(30 

.7(J 

5     . 

77.:^ 

5.5 

73.1 

l).4 

.811 

.71 

3.0 1 

.74 

r» 

7t».:J 

:m 

7»).i) 

5,S 

.<.)08 

0.7 1 

1.08 

.8:^ 

7    . 

71>.^ 

4.0 

77.0 

r,.s 

.f)10 

.75 

2.35 

.81 

8 

SO.:} 

I.o 

7  7. 5 

(>.s 

.1)25 

.00 

.38 

.»1 

i'     i 

H<  >.i » 

3.7 

77.  t 

('..3 

.022 

.80 

.18 

.8!^ 

30 

80.<> 

l.\) 

77.2 

8.3 

.Dir, 

.70 

.03 

.77 

H    : 

HO.O 

i:.\ 

77.<^ 

7.3 

.028 

.03 

.6(5 

.8(> 

]2     1 

N(».S      ' 

1.5 

77.<> 

7.7 

.028 

.01 

.73 

.7S 

}:i 

8').5 

■i.\) 

77.1 

8.3 

.013 

.70 

.02 

.77 

^^     , 

HO.l 

\A\ 

77.2 

7.8 

.01(5 

.70 

.74 

.7i< 

15 

7o.l 

5.1) 

71.0 

lo.o 

.751 

8.00 

3.05 

.7:i 

}() 

7i.(; 

4.2 

♦vs.7 

7.1 

.(507 

7.58 

1.0(5 

.80 

37 

7:{.l 

<5.2 

r,s.s 

10.5 

X^M 

.51 

3.05 

.71 

]S 

75/i    ; 

G.3 

7().i) 

10.7 

.718 

8.00 

.20 

.71 

11) 

77.1 

(;.3 

73.0 

li>.7 

.8()1 

.57 

.50 

'       .71 

20 

7(5.:) 

5.0 

73.1. 

8.5 

.811 

.71 

2.73 

.7C) 

21 

71.1 

5.S 

70.3 

D.l) 

.7:U 

7.02 

.00 

,       .7:i 

22 

71.7 

1.5 

fN.5 

7.7 

.(502 

.53 

.13 

.78 

23 

7-».:J    , 

•l.l 

72.2 

7.5 

.781 

8.1.1 

.31 

.71) 

2t 

7<;.5 

•1.7 

73.2 

8.0 

.80« 

.(5S 

.53 

.77 

25 

7^.0    ■ 

3.1) 

75.3 

G.(J 

.8f>2 

0.27 

.17 

.81 

2(>     1 

77.1     1 

4.S  . 

73.7 

8.2 

.810 

8.82 

.02 

.77 

27 

81.0 

4.0 

7X2 

0.8 

.04(5 

10.11 

.42 

.81 

2.S     ■ 

So.(>     ■ 

'IV 

77.2 

8.3 

.01(5 

0.70 

.03 

.77 

21) 

81.7     , 

4.3 

7S.7 

7.3 

.0(51 

10.2(5 

.05 

.80 

1 

1 

■'1.2  , 

i 

7U.0 

7.1 

.070 

.35 

.00 

.80 

All  the  liy ^romL'iin"\\  vWuwuVsi  wc  v:v.Mv\\Av\.\:d  Uy  Ike  Grecnwicli  Cous<lanr*- 


Meteorologkal  Obaervadoni, 


XXVll 


Alfslr^cl  of  the  BesnlU  of  the  llonrlff  MeUirolofical  Observaiious 

t<ikeu  at  (he  Surveyor  General's  Office,  CalcuUa, 

in  Ute  moniA  of  April  1871. 


llowrly  Mecns,  &c  of  tlie  Obtervstions  and  of  the  Hygrometrical  elements 
dependent   thereon. 


O  «3 

!^5 

Panpfc  of  the  Bnronioter 

for  each  liour  during 

the  month. 

J3 

l?ange  of  the  Tempera- 
ture for  eaeli  liour 
during   tlie  month. 

Hour. 

Max. 

Min. 

Diir. 

Max. 

Min.     Diff. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Mid- 

Dlgllt. 

29.770 

29.909 

1 

.761 

.898 

2 

.761 

.883 

3 

.742 

.866 

4 

.745 

.871 

6 

.762 

,888 

6 

.778 

.897 

7 

.797 

,907 

8 

.817 

.928 

9 

.832 

.918 

10 

.810 

.943 

11 

.829 

.933 

Noon. 

,814 

,015 

1 

.787 

.895 

2 

.760 

.861 

3 

.731 

.837 

4 

.715 

.817 

6 

.711 

.8'>9 

6 

.725 

.819 

7 

.744 

.854 

8 

.761 

.853 

9 

.774 

,883 

10 

.787 

.891 

11 

.783 

.898 

Inches, 


29.667 
.663 
•658 
.651 
.674 
,692 
.709 
.735 
,755 
.763 
.765 
,760 


.745 
.723 
.695 
.663 
.639 
,633 
.641 
,631 
.687 
,708 
.710 
.703 


Inches. 


0,2i2 
.235 
.225 
.215 
.197 
.196 
.188 
.172 
.173 
.185 
.178 
.173 


.170 
.172 
.166 
.174 
.178 
.176 
.178 
.223 
.166 
.175 
,181 
.195 


79.0 
78.8 
78-6 
78.4 
78.2 
77.8 
77.6 
78.2 
80.5 
83.1 
85.2 
87.0 


88.2 
89.3 
89.6 
89.7 
89.0 
87.7 
85.5 
82.7 
81.1 
80.5 
79.9 
79.4 


82,5 
82.2 
82.0 
81.8 
81.5 
81.0 
81.0 
81.5 
83.7 
86.8 
89.0 
91.2 


92.5 
93.5 
94.5 
94.5 
9t.O 
92.5 
90.0 
86,(» 
85.5 
83.6 
83.2 
82.6 


72.0 
71.5 
71.0 
71.5 
72.0 
72.0 
71.5 
71.9 
75.0 
78.7 
80.5 
79.5 


73.5 
72.2 
73/2 
74.2 
76.5 
78.0 
75.7 
72.3 
72.3 
73.0 
72.5 
72.5 


10.5 

10.7 

11.0 

10.3 

9.5 

9.0 

9.5 

9.6 

8.7 

8.1 

8.5 

11.7 


19.0 
21.3 
21.3 
20.3 
17.5 
14.5 
14.3 
14.3 
13.2 
10.0 
10.7 
lO.I 


The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 
Thermometer  Means  arc  derived  from  the  observations  made  at  the  several 
liours  during  the  month. 


XXVlll 


Meteorological  OhBfrfiafionn. 


Ahdvact  of  the  liesnlts  of  the  Honrly  Mefeorologieat  06servatiom§ 

taken  at  the  Snrre^or  GeneraPi  Office^  Calcnita, 

in  the  month   of  April  1H71. 


Hourly  MeaiiM,  Ao.  of  the  Obscrvalions  and  of  tlie  Hjgrometrica]  elements 
di'pcii(U»n t   thereon. — (Conthtned,) 


Hour.  I 


Mid- 
niglif. 

1 

2 

4 

5 

fi 

7 

8 

\} 
10 
11 


1 
2 
3 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 


.3 

H 


7B.I 

7<».0 
75.1) 
7o.l) 
75.9 
75.8 
75.8 
7t?.3 
77.«5 
78.8 
70.7 
80.1 


80.1 
81).  7 
80.1 
80.5 
80.1 
7i).9 
78.') 
77.G 
7<).9 
7f?.8 
70.9 
70.G 


|8  \S 


2.9 
2.8 
2.7 
2.5 
2.3 
2.0 
1.7 
1.9 
2.9 
i.3 
5.5 
(3.9 


7.8 
8.() 
9.2 
9.2 
8.6 
7.8 

c.r, 

5.1 
4.2 
3.7 
3.0 

2.8 


'T3 


o 
O 


71.1 

71.0  i 

74.0  ; 

7I-.1  I 

71.3  ! 

7i.4  ; 

74.r) 

75.0  I 

75.8  I 

75.8  ! 

70.0  ; 


i'M  I 

iO.D    I 

71.9  . 
75.0  I 
75.2 
75.2  i 
7i.3  i 
74.0  j 
74.0  I 
74.2  ! 
74.8 
74.0 


P 


4.9 
4.8 
4.0 
4.3 
3.9 
3.t 
2.9 
3.2 
4.9 
7.3 
9.t 
11.0 


12.5 

13.8 

lt.7 

U.7 

13.8 

12.5 

11.2 

8.7 

7.1 

6.3 

6.1 

4.8 


'an  Elastic  force  of 
apour. 

an  Weight  of  A'apou 
a  Cubic  foot  of  air. 

ditional  Weight  of 
apour  required  for 
onplete  saturation. 

Iff 

1    ^.^ 

^..S 

:5^8 

jS^-i 

Inches. 

T.gr. 

T.gr. 

0.830 

8.98 

1.62 

0.86 

.827 

.95 

.49 

.86 

.827 

.95 

.43 

.86 

.830 

9.00 

.31 

.87 

1      .835 

.05 

.20 

.88 

.838 

.10 

.03 

.90 

.813 

.14 

0.90 

.91 

.851 

.25 

1.00 

.90 

.871 

.39 

.59 

.86 

.870 

.U 

2.45 

.79 

.87(5 

.37 

3.24 

.74 

.8.S2 

.39 

.90 

.71 

.873 

.20 

4.50 

.67 

.808 

.2(» 

6.01 

.66 

.851 

.00 

.33 

.63 

.851 

.03 

.31 

.63 

.800 

.11 

4.97 

.66 

.800 

.13 

.43 

.67 

.835 

8.92 

3.80 

.70 

.827 

.88 

2.84 

.76 

.827 

.91 

.26 

.80 

.832 

.98 

.00 

.82 

.8  l-l) 

9.17 

1.61 

.86 

.84:J 



.11 

.61 

.86 

All  the  Hygromctrical  clementB  arc  computed  by  the  Greenwich  Constanta. 


Meteorological  Otfservaliom. 


ZXIX 


Abstract  of  ike  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 
the  month  of    April  1871. 


in 


Solar  Eadiation,  Weather,  &c. 


k 

Q  Guage 
t.  above 
round. 

Wind. 

^ 

Prevailing 

General  aspect  of  tlie  Sky. 

1 

si 

»— 1 1— 1 

direction. 

0 

IncLes 

Tb^ 

Miles 

1 

146.5 

... 

8. 

... 

234.8 

B.  to5  A.  M.,  Vi  to2p.M., 
VI  to  5  p.  M.,  B  to  8  p.  M.,  W 
afterwards.  L  on  K  at  9  p.  ii., 
D  at  9|  A.  M. 

2 

141.8 

_••• 

S. 

... 

211.3 

(Jlouds  of  different  kinds  to 
9  A.  M.,  '^i  afterwards. 

3 

129.0 

1.84 

S&SSE 

30.0 

260.7 

S  to  5  p.  M.,  0  afterwards. 
Storm  from  6 J  to  7  p.  if.  T  A 
L  from  6  to  11  p.  m.  E  from 
6jto8Aat  Up.  M. 

4 

139.0 

0.71 

ssw&s 

9.6 

336.9 

Vi  to'8  A,  M.,  '^i  to  4  p.  M., 
0  afterwards.  High  wind  from 
6  to  6J  p.  M.  T  L  A  Eat  mid- 
nieht,  A  from  5  to  7  p.  m. 

6 

142.0 

... 

ssw&sw 

... 

279.6 

Chiefly  ^i  L  on  S  W  at  7 

6 

188.0 

0.04 

S8W&8 

... 

180.6 

Clouds  of  various  kinds. 
T  at  4  6i  A  9  P.  M.  L.  on  N. 
at  6i  A  9  p.  M.  Light  R  at  5, 
7  A  8|  p.  M. 

7 

143.7 

••• 

ssw&s 

... 

224.2 

Scuds  to  10  A.  M.B  to 8  P.M. 
Scuds  afterwards. 

8 

147.0 

... 

SbyE&S 

... 

194.1 

Scuds  to  8  A.M.  MA^-i 
to  7  P.  M.  Scuds  afterwards. 

9 

136.0 

••• 

S  by  W  &  S 

1*. 

198.3 

Chiefly  S. 

10 

149.0 

SbyW,SSWASb.E 

... 

216.0 

Scuds  to  9  A.  M.  \i  to  5  P.  M. 
B  afterwards. 

11 

140.8 

S  A  8  bj  W 

8&S  SW 

... 

211.0 

Chiefly  B. 

12 

145.0 

... 

215.7 

B  to  2  A.  M.   W  to  8  A.  M. 

B  to  2  p.  M.  \i  afterwards. 

13 

144.8 

... 

8  by  W  A  S 

... 

217.5 

S  Jo8a.  M.  B  toll  A.M., 
\i  to  7  P.  M.,  B  afterwards. 

14 

145.0 

... 

S  SW&S 

... 

269.4 

Chiefly  \i  L  from  9  to  11 

P    M 

15 

140.0 

0,07 

Variable 

0.9 

244.4 

S  to  9  A.  M.,  clouds  of  dif- 
ferent kinds  to  4  p.  M.  O  to  9 
p.  M.  B  afterwardti.  L  at  mid- 
night A  1  A.  M.  A  from  6  to  8 
P.  M.  T  from  45  to  8  p.  m, 
Light  R.  at  9.i  A  101  a.  m.,A 
from  4J  to  7  p.  m. 

16 

128.3 

... 

E  A  Variable 

2.0 

212.7 

S  to  7  P.  M.,  B  afterwards. 
T  from  Noon  to  2  p.  m.  D  at 
7  A.  M.  A  2  p.  M. 

17 

145.5 

... 

E  by  N  A  Variable 

... 

108.2 

Clouds  of  different  kinds  to 
9  A.  M.,  '^i  to  7  P.  M.  B  after- 
wards L  from  7J  to  9  p.  m. 

\i  Cirri,— i  Strati,  '^i  Cumuli,  \_i  Ciro-strati,  ^i  Cumulo- strati,  Vv.i  Nimbi, 
Vi  Cirpo-cumnli,  B  clear,  8  stratoni,  O  overcast,  T  tkuadfit,  L.  V\>^\Vvccw^. 
B  nin,  D  dxbale. 


* 


XXX 


Meieorolof/ical  Oiservalwns. 


ALdract  of  the  liesulU  of  the  Hourly  3fe/^oroloffical  OlserraiiouM ' 
iakoi  at  t/te  Snrvcf/or  General's  Office^  CalcuUa^ 
in    the   month  of  April  1871. 
Solnr  IJjuliation,  "VVentlicr,  <fec. 


18 

ly 

20 
2] 
22 


o  o 

15^ 


-5     C  r— 


Wind. 


Prevailing 
dircctiou. 


o 
148.0 


147.3 
145.0 

142.0 

137.C 


Fnelics 


0.47 


0.12 


O.Cl 


23 


24 


112.0 


142.5 


25  115.0      1.40 


20 


2U 
30 


SE&S 


SbyW&SSW 
S  by  W  &  S  S  W 


I  r=    Z 
I  cs    o 

^1  £: :  ft  i: 
Siiics 

92.4 


1.8 
4.0 


ENE,S&SbyW   4.4 


Variable 


4.2 


91.2 
104.7 

195.3 

201.0 


General  aspect  of  tLe  Sky- 


S  S  W  k  s 

S  W&  Sby  W  I 

S&SSE 


140.8  I   0.10  S  S  W,  S  AV  &  S 


147.0 

I 

I 

150.2  : 
1 15.5 
144.8 


SSW 
SbyWSSW&S 

ssw&s 

S  &SbyW 


2<M).0 


G5.0 


218.9 


105.3 


184.1 


131.1 


102.0 


207.8 


B  to  A.  M.,  \i  to  0  A.  M.,  '"i 
to  4  p.  M.,  \i  to  7  p.  M.,  B 
aftcrward.s. 

B  to  0  A.  M.,  ^i  afterwards 
T  &  I)  at  3J  p.  M. 

B  to  7  A.  M.  ^itoSp.  M.O 
afierwanls.  Bri8k  wind  from 
\\  to  6.i  p.  M.  TfromS  to  8 

M.  L  from  C  to  10  p.  m.  It. 
jfrom  4 J  to  10  p.  m. 

S  to  4  A.  M.  \i  to  1  p.  H., 
S  to  4  p.  M.,  O  afterwards. 
Brisk  wind  from  10 to  12  a.  m. 
T&L  from  6J  to  8  p.  M.  Light 
Kate,  8  All  P.M. 

O  to  0  A.  M.  Vi  to  10  A.  H., 

O  to  2  P.  M.,  Vi  to  7  P.  M.,  O 

la ft t•n^•ards.  Briskwiud  at  11 
l'.  M..  Hf.t  l()|p.  M.,  T  after 
lintorvals  L  nt  3  a.  M.  «$:  from 
j7  to  9  v.  M.,  B  from  9J  a.  m., 
|t.o2  &S\  to  10  r.  M. 

S  to  5  A.  M.,  VnI  to  10  a.  m., 
i   aft<Twards.   L  on  S  W  at 
9^&11  P.  M. 

i  !S  to  10  a.  m.,  f  i&  Viaf- 
jttTwards.  1)  at  midnight. 
1  "^i  to  3  A.  M  ,  Vito8p.  M., 
jO  nftcrwards.  Lfrom  9  to  11 
:r.  M./r&  B  from  10  to  11 
p.  M. 

I  ()  to  8  A.  M..  clouds  of  dif- 
jfon-nt  kinds  afterwards.  T  at 
iiiidnifflit  L  at  niidniglit  &  8 
!?.  M.  11  from  midnight  to  3 

A.  M. 

:  B  to  7  A.  M..  '"i  to  8  p.  M., 
\i  aft<.'rwards.   L  on  E  at  7 

iP.  M. 

;      \i  to  11  A.  M., '^itoGP.M., 

B  afterwards 
B  to  3  A.M.,  ^  i  to  3  P.M.,  B 

afterwards. 

!    B  to  2  p.  M.,  Vi  to  8  p.  M., 

|B  afterwards. 


\i  Cirri, — i  Strati,  '"i  Cumnli,  v_i  Cirro-strati.  rv_i  Cunmlo-strati,  v>_i Nimbi, 
Uf  Cirro'CumuU,  B  clear,  S  Hiraloui,  O  o\ci:coLst,  T  thunder,  L  lightning, 
li  rain,  D  drizzle), 


Meteorological  Observations.  xxxi 

Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological    Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calciitta, 
in  the    month    of  April   1871. 
Monthly  Bbsults. 


Inches. 

Mean  lieiplit  of  the  Barometer  for  tlie  month...               ...  ...  29.772 

Max.  lieight  of  (lie  Paionieter  occurred  at  9  a.  m.  on  the  11th.  ...  29.948 

Min.  height  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  7  P.  M.  oil  the  14th.  ...  29.631 

Hxireme  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month          ...  ...     0.317 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Pressures      ...             ...             ...  ...  29.843 

Ditto        ditto       Min.         ditto         ...             ...             ...  ...  29.702 

Mean  daily  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month    ...  ...    0.141 


Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month        ...             82.7 

Max.  Temperature  occurred  at  2  &  3  p.  m.  on^t^e  12th  &  30th         ...  94.5 

Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  2  a.  m,  on  the  17th.               71.0 

JUxtreme  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month         23.5 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Temperature  .. .             ...                 90.7 

Ditto       ditto        Min.        cfitto,        ...             ...                 76.7 

Mean  daily  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month...            ...  14.0 


Mean  Wet  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month    ...            ...            ...  77.9 

Mean  Drv  Bulb  Thermometer  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer  4.8 

Computed  Mean  Dew-point  for  the  month          ...             ...             ...  74.5 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ...  8.2 

Inches. 

Mean  Elastic  force  of  Vapour  for  the  month    ...  ,„  ...     0.840 


Troy  grain. 

Mean  Wei^  of  Yapour  for  the  month  ...  ...  ...      9.03 

Additional  Weight  of  Vapour  required  for  complete  saturation    ...       2.69 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  saturation  being  unity  0.77 

o 
Mean  Max.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  ...  143.0 


Inches. 

Hained  14  days, — ^Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  hours       ...  ...     1.84 

Total  amount  of  tain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...     5.72 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month        ...  ...  ...  ...  ...    4.64 

Prevailing  direction  of  the  Wind 8,  S  by  W^  &  &  S»  V^ . 

*  Height  70  feet  10  uxeVie^  «5oo^«  ^gcwwA. 


XXXll 


Meteorological  Observations, 


8!     •   fl   fe 


!£^5 


»5 


•jii  K 


uo  uii^H 


jCilLM 


no  iiiirji 
AV  S^  AV 


uo  npg^ 


Ai-^q^ 


uo  wivji 


uo  U|-»}] 


H  ^q  ;g 


uijiiutK 
no  iiiwjj 


uo  UfFJ{ 


H  N 


no  n\.v!j[ 


"no  inv|f 


jnoH 


"^     i-«^^tMr-ii-t*-H|  Ijq^^^  ^  >*  tiO  ^  5«3  1-4  nxl 


^  cp  oo ^ 00 OB ^iciQ0»-4C''?4iiOt>M«-*^-i^H9a-#ioF-i«s<i ^r~ 


I?*  t^*^^oDiQ<eo^?DaDrHaoQo to^"Morw^9ll^HW«o «J 


fH   ^-1  ^  Fl   <^ 


O  »^iOiOkcs^4LQ.rxie<i<-H^t>tM?'3^gotDi-Hi  ^I'c^  iO  ^'e^ 


'^  ^^'M99ci9Cg^ 


,~,^^i-4^ei44PH40i^ei^e(i^.^ 


TO*07flOT-H*-l        ^H^Oq-H  ip^i-<SO^CQ«*a'?^^ 


GO    r-<M(3l|fl<lCilMn-*n-*T^ 


iHir-tCil  >"<  Tl 


■uo  UlB^f 

_       « 

a 

1— H 

<-^  f-l 

^         r^  ifli^P^CO 

"UQ  nnrjf 

^ 

^  Xf,   JI 

1-4 

„C^^^        ^P-i^^        ^ 

n-+ 

niu  umji 

ri                         *-l 

■-I           ■-♦ 

'?T  'KT  "H 

ir-i^mS«^  ^         ^^ 

1P-I           r«l           rH  « 

-no  Ditrjf 

»-i 

SSI^ 

-cr   •  »Tf 

•^ 

^F-<                                          T-t 

Qi«93^i&t&t?-*X^OkO^  O^^^^-^tO^ft^^^O^ 


Afefeorofoff^ieal  Observations, 


XXXiU 


Abstract  of  the  Besnlts  of  the  Hourly  Meteor ologi cat  Observations 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcuttay 

in  the  month   of  May   1871. 

Latitude  22°  33'  Y  Nortli.    Longitude  88°  20'  Sr  East. 

Height  of  the  Cistern  of  the  Standard  Barometer  above  the  sea  level,  18.11  feet. 

Daily  Means,  &e.  of  the  Observations  and  of  the  Hygrometrical  elements 
dependent  thereon. 


Kange  of  tlie  Barometer 

'Bulb 
eter. 

Bangc  of  the  Tempera- 

5 a  +^ 

during  the  day. 

ture  during  the  dn^ . 

Date. 

- 

Max. 

Min. 

Diff. 

Max. 

Min.    Dili'. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

0 

0 

o 

o 

1 

29.767 

29.842 

29.694 

0.148 

84.8 

89.0 

79.0 

10.0 

2 

.787 

.869 

.721 

.148 

83.3 

92.0 

76.8  '    15.2 

3 

.766 

.843 

.709 

.134 

84.9 

92.2 

78.0  1    M.2 

4 

.750 

.824 

.6.39 

.185 

84.0 

93.0 

74.4  1   is.i; 

5 

.729 

.775 

.656 

.119 

78.8 

90.0 

74.0  i    16.0 

6 

.705 

.766 

.599 

.167 

81.0 

91.4 

74.8  1   uu; 

7 

.683 

.743 

.589 

.164 

83.8 

94.3 

76.8  i    17.5 

8 

.697 

.735 

.627 

.108 

80.6 

88.9 

76.0  i   13.9 

9 

.704 

.753 

.649 

.104 

79.9 

86.9 

74.5  ,    12.4 

10 

.714 

.772 

.644 

.128 

81.8 

91.8 

76.5  1    16.3 

11 

.723 

.775 

.637 

.138 

80.8 

91.2 

76.2  1    16.(» 

12 

.718 

-.776 

.640 

.136 

82.2 

89.2 

76.5 

13.7 

13 

.713 

.766 

.616 

.160 

82.6 

91.0 

76.6 

16.4 

14 

.687 

.751 

.604 

.147 

82.1 

89.0 

76.6 

13.5 

15 

.661 

.712 

.687 

.125 

83.8 

90.2 

78.0 

12.2 

16 

.661 

.697 

.574 

.123 

86.9 

94.0 

80.6 

13.4 

17 

.662 

.719 

.595 

.124 

88.0 

95.0 

82.5 

12.5 

18 

.641 

.702 

.565 

.147 

86.4 

94.7 

82.7 

12.0 

19 

.690 

.636 

.623 

.113 

86.7 

93.5 

80.6 

12.9 

20 

.577 

.629 

.606 

.123 

80.8 

86.3 

77.0  '     8.:i 

21 

.561 

.614 

.459 

.156 

83.7 

92.8 

78.0  1    14.8 

22 

.538 

.595 

.475 

.120 

82.4 

89.8 

79.1  1    10.7 

23 

.537 

.601 

.428 

.173 

84.6 

93.2 

78.6  •    14.7 

24 

.571 

.647 

.633 

.114 

82.3 

89.4 

76.5  1    12.9 

25 

.645 

.779 

.586 

.193 

84.0 

91.0 

75.3  1    15.7 

26 

.695 

.754 

.653 

.101 

82.0 

90.7 

76.0  1    14.7 

27 

.747 

.812 

.687 

.126 

84.0 

91.6 

77.0  '    14.0 

28 

.735 

.814 

.641 

.173 

82.8 

91.6 

76.0  i    15.5 

29 

.730 

.788 

,669 

.129 

83.0 

90.5 

76.5      14.0 

30 

.690 

.762 

.612 

.160 

84.6 

92.3 

77.7      14.6 

31 

.669 

.730 

.604 

.126 

86.2 

93.0 

80.5 

:    12.5 

1 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bu\U 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived^  from  the  hourly  obacrTa.t\o\i^^\aa.^vi  >i^.  *<^2^^ 
serend  hours  during  the  day. 


XXXIV 


Meteorological  Observaliont^ 


AbUract  (rf  the  Jtesnlts  of  the  ITonrlt/  Meteoroloffkal  Oiservalhns 

iaken  al  the  Sin-vef/or  GeneraPs  Office^  CalcuUa, 

ill  the  month  of  May   1871. 


Bail  J  Means,  Ac.  of  Uk)  O^orvations  and  of  tlie  irygromctrieal  elemcni* 
dopciulent  tlierco». — (CoHthiited.) 


^ 

^ 
vi 

^ 
^ 

is 

^Mi 

Mw 

Ihie. 

pi? 

m 

m 

9 

tfi 

«3    t! 

Q  9 

ail 

^1 

9 

6 

Q 

Si 

0 

o 

o 

o 

Inches. 

T.  gr. 

T.gr. 

1 

80.5 

4.3 

77.5 

7ir 

0.925 

9.90 

2.56 

0.8O 

2 

7^.1) 

7.4 

70.7  1 

12.6 

-744 

7.»7 

3.96 

.67 

3 

7S..1 

0.8 

73.3    ; 

11.0 

^9 

8.03 

.80 

.6i> 

4 

77.1) 

G.1 

73.0 

10.4 

.817 

.75 

.42 

.r^ 

5 

74.7 

4.1  ; 

71.8 ; 

7.0 

.771 

.33 

2.11 

.80 

6 

75.i) 

5.1  i 

72.3 

8.7 

.783 

.43 

.71 

.76 

7 

7S.(>    ; 

5.8 

73.0 

0.0 

.821 

.83 

3.27 

.73 

8 

7ir.'3      1 

4.3 

73.3  , 

7.3 

.800 

.72 

2.20 

.7U 

9 

7«k1     1 

3.8  i 

73. 1 

0.5 

.811 

.75 

.03 

.81 

10 

77.8    I 

4.0  ! 

75.0 

0.8 

.851 

0.18 

.22 

.81 

11 

70.',) 

3.1) 

71.2 

(kO 

.832 

8.00 

.11 

.81 

12 

7S.() 

4.2  i 

75.1  i 

7.1 

.8.->7 

0.21 

.33 

.80 

13 

77.0 

i>A)   1 

74.0  ' 

8.5 

.827 

8.8S 

.70 

.7«; 

11 

78.2 

3.1)  ! 

75.5 

o.r> 

.808 

0.33 

.18 

.81 

15 

71».2 

4.0 

70.0 

7.8 

.882 

.45 

.05 

.75^ 

16 

8i».o     i 

0.1  1 

70.7 

10.2 

.002 

.00 

3.05 

.73 

17 

81.2 

o.s 

77.1  ' 

10.0     : 

.013 

.70 

.08 

.71 

18 

81.5 

4.J)  1 

78.1 

8.3     1 

.043 

10.i)0 

.00 

.77 

11> 

Sl.t 

5.3  ; 

7S.2  ! 

H.5     ! 

.010 

.07 

.11 

.76 

20 

77.(J 

3.2 ; 

75.4  I 

5.4 

.805 

0.31 

1.73 

.84 

21 

7l>.5 

4.2  , 

70.0  I 

7.1 

.8iVJ 

,03 

2.41 

.80 

22 

71).5     I 

2.J)  , 

77.5  j 

4.0 

.025 

.04 

1,07 

.86 

2;i 

7i).l)    1 

4.7  ' 

7r>M  ; 

8.0 

.^)\) 

.01 

2.78 

.78 

21. 

70.7   ; 

2.0  j 

77.0  1 

4.4 

.037 

10.08 

1.50 

.87 

25 

Hi).  5     1 

3.5  ! 

78.0  1 

ex) 

.9U)   ; 

.07 

2.10 

.83 

20 

78.0 

3.4  ' 

7<1.2 

5.8 

.887     1 

0.51    1 

1.03 

.83 

27 

SO..S 

3.7 

77.7 : 

(;.3 

.031 

.08 

2.10 

.82 

2S 

78.5 

4.3 

75.5 

7.3 

.s<;8   ! 

.33     ! 

.42 

.79 

21) 

78.7 

4.3 

75.7  i 

7.3 

.873     1 

.38 

.41 

.79 

:}«) 

78.7    1 

5.0 

71.0 

10.0 

.813 

.02 

3.37 

.7a 

31 

81.2 

5.0 

1 

77.7 

8.5 

.031 

.02 

.07 

.76 

All  the  J/j'^^iviuetrii'al  cicmouts  are  cyinvutod  hy  the  Greenwich.  Constantg. 


llcUorotoglcat  Olnervatio^is, 


xxrr 


JLhslract  of  tie  Remits  vfthe  Ilonrlf/  Mefeirotojical  Ol$€i'vathnt 

iakeH  at  tht  Snrvet/or  GeneraVs  Office,  Calcntl^^ 

Ui  ih'e  Kionih  of  May   1*87 U 


Uottriy  M*c«n8,  Ac  of  the  Obsetvnlions  nnd  of  the  irygrometrrcal  elements 
depend  cut  iliereon. 


f^ire  fi*r  em-li  Imiir 
dairiii^    I  tie  iiiotilli* 


Hour. 


Jlmii^f*  of  llui  lilt 
tlie  inonLti 

luring 

Ma^. 

Mm. 

DiE 

J^fusc, 


laclies. 

Inclies. 

Inclies. 

Indies. 

o 

Mid- 

•ifflit. 

29.093 

20.816 

29.543 

0,272 

70.5 

1 

.683 

.805 

.626 

.279 

70.2 

2 

.672 

.7vS6  . 

.513 

.278 

780 

3 

.665 

.7r,8 

.S'X) 

.268 

78.6 

4 

.665 

.770 

.504 

.272 

78.4 

S 

.67^ 

.782 

.^22 

.2(50 

78.2 

6 

.601 

.80» 

.640 

;269 

78.4 

7 

.710 

.850 

,672 

.278 

79.6 

8 

.724. 

.866 

.583 

.^8S 

82.1 

9 

.732 

.869 

.501 

.^78 

84.5 

20 

.730 

•867 

,682 

.286 

8f>,4 

U 

.717 

.849 

,64ri 

."278 

87.9 

Noon. 

.702 

.829 

.556 

.273 

884 

1 

.680 

.798 

.533 

.265 

89.3 

2 

.653 

.768 

.489 

.269 

89.5 

3 

.628 

.735 

.473 

.262 

89.6 

4 

.615 

.721 

.4.^9 

.2(>2 

80.8 

5 

.612 

.735 

.4:i8 

.3<>7 

88.0 

6 

.624 

.727 

.4o3 

.274 

80.2 

7 

.648 

.736 

.401 

.216 

8:^5 

8 

.669 

.763 

.523 

.240 

81.9 

9 

.686 

.810 

.532 

.278 

81.3 

10 

.609 

.832 

.641 

.291 

80.6 

U 

.6^9 

.842 

.544 

.298 

80.0 

Min.  I  Dilt 

I 


8i.2 
84.0 
83.8 
8:^5 
83.0 
82.7 
83.0 
81.0 
87.0 
88.3 
J«0 
92.4 


93.6 
94.7 
95.0 
105.0 
"95.0 
t)4.8 
04.0 
90.0 
87.5 
86.7 
85.4 
81.6 


74.0 
74.2 
74.0 
74,0 
74.0 
74.0 
74.4 
75.0 
77,0 
77.0 
77.0 
79.3 


76.5 
77.5 
79.3 
79.2 
80.6 
76.0 
76.4 
76.0 
75.0 
75.0 
75.0 
74.4 


10.2 

98 

9.8 

9.5 

9:0 

8.7 

8.t} 

9.0 

lO.-O 

11.3 

13.0 

13.x 


17.0 
17.2 
15.7 
15«8 
14.4 
18.8 
17.6 
14.0 
12.5 
11.7 
10.4 
lo.a 


The  Moan  lleij;lit  of  tlic  I3aroinelcr,  as  lil^ewisc  tlio  Dry  and  Wet  liulh 
Tlierxnomcter  Menus  are  derived  fiom  liic  obscrvalious  luade  at  (lie  scvcFti 
Iwurs  dttiiDg  die  moDJth, 


XXXVl 


Meteorological  Observations. 


Abstract  of  the  liesnlts  of  the  llonrlt/  Meteorological  Observations 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the  month   of  May  1871. 


Hourly  Means,  Ac.  of  the  Obsefrations  and  of  tlie  Ilygromctrical  elements 
dependent  tliereon. — (Continued.) 


^ 

i 

0) 

-^  1 

1 

Hour. 

1 

1^3 

p 

a 

a 

1     1 

cS 

Si 
1^ 

0^ 
o 

2.S    ' 

S8.g- 

0 

0 

o 

0 

Indies. 

T.gr. 

T.RT. 

Mid. 

jaiglit. 

70.7 

2.8 

74.7 

4.8 

0.8ir» 

0.14 

1.52 

0.80 

1 

7<5.« 

2.0 

74.8 

4.4 

.819 

.19 

.37 

.87 

2 

7r).« 

2.3 

75.0 

3.9 

.85 1 

.21. 

.23 

i        .88 

3 

7r>.i. 

2.2 

74.9 

'        3.7 

:      .851 

.21 

.17 

.89 

4 

7t>.i 

2.0 

75.0 

!        3.4 

!      .851 

.25 

m 

i         .1H> 

5 

70.1 

1.8 

75.1 

3.1 

,      .857 

.28 

0.97 

1        .91 

<> 

70.8 

1.0 

75.7 

i       '^-7 

.873 

.45 

.8() 

1        .92 

7 

77.5 

2.1 

7(>.o 

3.0 

.8S2 

.52 

1.17 

!        .80 

8 

78.8 

^:,\ 

70.5 

5.0 

.     M\n\ 

1        .03 

.88 

,        .84 

1> 

7i>.8 

4.7 

7(?.5 

8.0 

.SiM; 

.59 

2.70 

1       .78 

10 

80.7 

5.7 

7<;.7 

9.7 

'■       .(KTl 

.00 

3.4(> 

.74 

Jl 

81.2 

';     ^-7 

77.2 

10.7 

i 

'      .910 

! 

.73 

.91 

.71 

Noon 

i      81.1 

7.3 

70.7 

1 

11.7 

'■      .902 

;    .50 

4.28 

1 

.00 

I 

1      81.4 

7.1> 

;   70.7 

•     12.0 

.      .902 

.55 

;     .00 

.07 

2 

81.2 

8.3 

'   70.2 

1      13.3 

.887 

!       .41 

i        .88 

.00 

a 

80.1> 

8.7 

■;   75.7 

\      13.9 

1      .873 

'        .21 

'     5.(X) 

j       .05 

4 

1      81.2 

8.0 

1    70.0 

13.8 

.as2 

1        .33 

.09 

1       .05 

5 

n\) 

■      8.1 

i    75.0 

13.0 

.      .854 

.07 

4.01 

•        .00 

() 

79.5 

0.7 

,    74.8 

11.4 

.8ti) 

.0(5 

3.93 

t       .70 

7 

.      78.7 

i      4.8 

75.3 

8.2 

.8()2 

.25 

2.75 

.77 

s 

77.8 

4.1 

74.1) 

1       7.0 

1      .851 

i        .15 

.29 

.80 

1) 

.     77.8 

;    3.5 

75.3 

i        0.0 

'      .802 

1        .29 

1.95 

.83 

10 

77.4 

;      3.2 

75.2 

'        5.4 

.84*,<1 

.28 

.73 

.84 

11 

70.8 

.      3.2 

74.0 

5.4 

.81;) 

.11 

;    .70 

.84 

AH  the  IJ  jgromctru-al  clcineuts  arc  computed  l»y  the  GrccuwicL  Constants. 


Meteorological  Observations. 


xxxvu 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  GeneraVs  Offif^Cy  Calcutta^ 
in   the  month   of    May  }871. 
Solar  ItadiatioD,  Weatlier,  &c. 


"■ 

s^ 

&g   . 

Wind. 

aGua 
t.  abo 
round 

i 

Prevailing 

H  S 

DaUy 
Velocity. 

General  aspect  of  tbc  Sky. 

1 

|1 

IS^ 

direction. 

H 

- 

o 

Inches 

lb 

Miles 

1 

142.0 

... 

S  &  S  by  W 

... 

2244 

Chiefly  Vi. 

2 

142.5 

... 

W&  variable. 

... 

166.5 

Chiefly  V>i. 

3 

147.0 

W  &  W  by  8 

... 

84.6 

Vi  to  12  A.  M.,  '^i  to  6  p.  M., 
B  afterwards.    • 

4 

147.7 

.1* 

SSW&Sby  W 

3.2 

115.7 

Chiefly  '^i.  Brisk  wind  from 
7J  to  7i  p.  M.,  T  at  8  p.  m. 

* 

L  on  W  at  7  &  8  p.  M. 

6 

131.8 

0.25 

E  S  E  &  Variable 

3.6 

239.0 

Mt<)3  A.  M.,  Bto9  A.  M., 
clouds  of  different  kinds  af- 
terwards. Brisk  T^ind  from 
IIJ  to  Hi  A.  M.  TatllJA 
12  A.  M.,  &  from  6  ta8  p.  m., 
L  from  6  to  8  p.  m:  E.  at 
\\\  &  12  A.  M.,  and  from  6.^ 
to  8   p.  M. 

6 

148.5 

... 

WN  W&  variable. 

... 

202.7 

Chiefly  '"i,  D  at  65  p.  m. 

7 

160.0 

0.48 

SE&S8W 

19.5 

83.3 

Chiefly  ^i.,  stronpf  wind  at 
6J  p.  M.  Hailstone  at  6i^  p.m., 
T  &  L  from  6  to  9  p.  m.  11 
from  6J  to  7J  p.  m. 

8 

135.2 

0.13 

8  E  &  Variable. 

2.8 

99.5 

• 

Vi,  to  3  A.  M.,  0  to  6  A.  M., 
clouds  of  different  kinds  to  6 
p.  M.  O  afterwards.  Brisk 
wind  at  H  p-  m.  T  at  1  p.  m. 
L  on  S  at  9  p.  m.,  Slight  Rat 
U,  7  &  8  p.  M. 

9 

145.0 

..  • 

8  S  E  &  S  W 

J, 

147.3 

Chiefly  '"i. 

10 

1^.0 

0,24 

SSW&S 

1.7 

98.0 

Chiefly  ^'\.  Brisk  wind  be- 
tween 4.J  A  5  p.  M.  Tat  4  &  5 

p.  H.  ]{  at  5  <&  6  p.  H. 

11 

147.4 

0.27 

S  E  &  S  by  W 

2.2 

140.6 

B  to  10  a.  m.,  '^i.  to  5  p.m. 
0  afterwards.  Brisk  wind  be- 
tween  5  &  5J  p.  m.,  Tat  5 J 
&  7  p.  m.,  L  at  9  &  U  p.  m., 
Efrom  5.i  to  7  p.  m. 

12 

146.5 

0.16 

SSW,SEitSSE 

136.9 

Clouds  of  different  kinds 
to  7  A.  M.,  ^i  to7  p.  M.,Oaf- 
terwards.  T  at  8 J  p.  m.  L  on 
8  Wat  8  p.  M.,  E  from  8J  to 
10  p.  M. 

13 

150.0 

1.40 

S  by  E  &  S  S  W 

7.8 

114.0 

Vi  to  8  A.M.,  ^i  to  6  p.  M., 
0  afterwards.  High  wind  at 
7  p.  M.T  at  7  &  8  p.  M.  L  from 
7  to  9  p.  M.  K  at  7  &  8  p.  M. 

14 

145.0 

••• 

SSE&ENE 

*■« 

113.3 

O  to  4  A.  M.,  B  to  9  A.  M., 
"i  to  6  p.  M.,  S  afterwards. 

\i  Cirri,— i  Strati,  ^i  Cumuli,  "v-i  Cirro-strati,  ^^iCumulo-^Vc^^x^xrOv^vss^-v^ 
Vi  Cirro-cumuli,  B  clear,  S  stratom,  O  o\«t<:«AV,T  VJ^mA^t,  Xx  \\'^vV«ssn^> 
M  TMD,  D  drizzle* 


XXXVlll 


MtUorological  OlservationTB. 


Abdraci  of  the  ItesnlU  of  ihe  llonrhj  Mekorological  Oiservatioiki 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  OJJice,  Calcutta^ 

in    ike   woiiih  of  May   1871. 

Solar  Kadiation,  Weather,  &c. 


u 

^    p 

^  a 

tr  t:    . 

.?i 

w^ 

ad£ 

fS 

g2 

Wind. 


Prevailing 
direction. 


^  .  r^  rr. 


o 
15  150.2 


16  149.8 


17 

18 

19 
20 

21 

22 

2:^ 

2  J 

2.3 
20 


110.7 
Xfi^2.0 

148.0 

120.0 

140.0 

115.8 


110.7 


111.2 


Incliesl  \h 

0.80  is  S  W  &  Variable  1.7 


[SW 
SSW,SbyWitW 


0.22 


0.27 


0.10 


0.21 


1U.3 
135.5     1.10 


2.58 


0.82 


S  SW&SbyE 
S  by  E  &  S  W 

SSW 

S  by  W&  Variable 

SW&E  SE 

KSE&WSW 

W  S  W  &  S  S  E 

S  S  E  <t  S  by  W 


0.8 
1.8 


0.8 

2.C 

2.4 

1.0 
G.o 


'  rt    o 

Miles 
108.8 


GenenU  aspect  of  tlio  Skj. 


46.3 

68.3 
72.7 

113.6 

177.1 

108.3 

85.4 

46.8 
00.1 


JSS  W  22.0'.  101.4 


S  W<LSbyE     11.4   230.8 


B  to  8  A.  M.,  '"i  to4p.  M. 
B  afterwards.  11  between  1  & 
2  r.  M. 

IJ  to  3  A.  M.,  \i  to  8  A.  M., 
^  i  to  7  P.  M.  B  afterwards. 
L  at  0  &  10  P.  M. 

B  to  0  A.  M.,  ^i  to  5  P.  M. 
B  afterwards. 

B  to  6  A.  M.,  ^i  to  7  P.  M. 
B  aftxTwards.  T  at  21  &  4i  p. 
M.  11  at  2,  3  &  5  p.  M. 

B  to  4  A.  M.,  W  to  4  p.  M., 
8  aften^ards.  L  at  midnight 
&  from  7}  to  9  p.  m. 

Chiefly  O.  L  from  2  to  5  A. 
M.,  &  at  10  p.  M.  T  at  5  A  from 
H\  to  10{^  A.  M.,  llfromSi  to 
10  A.  M.,  &at8  p.  M. 

S  to  10  a.  m.,  '^i  to7  P.  M. 

0  afterwards.  Brisk  wind  be- 
iwct^n  5  it  6 J  P.  M.  L  on  S  at 
!8  p.  M.  11  at  3',  &6i  P.  M. 

1  Clouds  of  difloroTjf  kinds  to 
8  A.M.,  ^i  to  2  r.M.Olo  0p.m., 
I\i  to  0  r.  M.,  B  att^Twards. 
'Jirisk  wind,  Tit  K  at  2.i  p.m. 
I     B  tod  a.  m.,  \i  to  10  a.m., 

-i  to  4  r.  M.,  S  afterwards. 
Tat  41  Jt  5  V.  M. 
I  S  to  0  a.  m.,  \i  to  10  A.  M. 
!o  to  3  P.M.,  S  afterwards. 
!Hi«;]i  wind  at  11  a.m.  T  from 
|]2  a.  m.,  to  1  p.  M.,  L  at  11  & 
112  A.  M.,  &  from  S  to  11  P.  m., 
'Knt  11  Sc  12  a.m. 
!  StolOl.A.M.,  ^ito7  P.  M. 
jo  afterwards.  Storm  at  01  P. 
!M.,  T  .t  L  at  midniirht  c't  1  A. 
|m.,  &  from  7  to  11  p.  m.,  R 
'from  7 J  to  10  ]).  m. 
I  O  to  Oa.  m..  S  to3p.  m.,  O 
afterwards.  High  wind  be- 
lt ween  4]  ctl^  p.  M.,Tat  5p. 
iM.,  L  at  midnight  &  1  a.  m., 
life  from  7  to  0  p.  M.,  11  from 
lli  to  6  p.  M. 


V  Cirr'u—i  Strati,  -i  CmnuV\,v-\C\rro.^VT;vt\,  rv.\  Cumulo-slrati,  v^-i  Nimbi, 
\n/C/rro.cmi,uIi,  B  clear,  S  .tratom,  O  o^ctv:vx>.V,  1  Wxxxi.^v:x,\.\v>^\vWi|,. 


Meteorological   Olservafions. 


xxxix 


Alstract  of  lite  SesuU  of  the  TTourli/  Meteorological  Observations 
taken  at  tie  Surveyor  OeneraVs  Office,  Calcutta, 
in  the  month   of  May  1871. 
Solar  Eadiation,  Weather,  &c.. 


o  o 

.   si 


27 


28 


30 
31 


o 
145.8 


145.0 

145.8 
143.0 
148.9 


lucliei 


1.57 


Wind, 


PrcTnUing 
direction. 


H  S 


General  aspect  of  tlie  Slj* 


ssw 

SSW  ,5:  Tariable 

sw&ese; 

w 

s  w&s 


]^ 


Miles. 
147.3 


3.8 


12G.9 


155.2 

90.8 
99.7 


O  to  7  A*  K.,  ""i  to  5  K   M*, 

B  afterwards.  L  on  N  W  at  8 

S   to  8  A.  M,,  '^i  to  5  p.  M., 

O  afterwards.  Brisk  Tmndlw- 
tween  7^  &  8|  Ip.  m.  T&  L 
from  7  to  11  p.  m,  K  from  0  io 
8  p.  u*  ife  at  11  p.  M, 

S  to7  A,  M.,  -i  io  7  p-  K„ 
S  afterwardsX  on  S  at  8  p.M. 

\i  &  \_i  to  7  A.  M.»  Bio  2 
p.  M.  '^i  &  \i  aftorwarfls* 

Chiefly  ^i.  LonIS  atB&i* 

p,M. 


\i  Cirri  — i  Strati, '^i  Cnmuli,\-i  Clrto-atr«AA,  rv_\  C\vmv\Q-^Vt^^.v^rOv^xa^\^ 
y^  Cirro-CumvlU  B  clear,   S  btrat0Tu,O  o^etc^^t>'l^>^^^^>"^'^^^^^'^'^' 


xl  Meteorological  Observations. 

Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological    Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  CalaUta, 
in  the    month    of  May   1871. 
Monthly  Bbsults. 


Inc  LeB 

Mean  lieiglit  of  tlio  Barometer  for  tlie  moDtb...              ...  ...  29.678 

Max.  Tioiglit  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  9  a.  m.  on  the  2nd.  ...  29.869 

Min.  height  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  6  p.  M.  on  the  23rd.  ...  29.428 

Extreme  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month         ...  ...     0.441 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Pressures      ...            ...            ...  ...  29.741 

Ditto        ditto       Min.        ditto         ...             ...             ...  ...  29.603 

Mean  daily  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  mouth    .«.  •..    0.138 


o 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tlierraometer  for  the  month        ...  83.3 

Max.  Temperature  occurred  at  4p.  m.  on  tlio  17th.  96.0 

Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  6  a.  m,  on  the  6th.  74.0 

Extreme  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month         21.0 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Temperature  ...  ...  91.2 

Ditto       ditto        Min.        ditto,        ...  ...  77.2 

Mean  daily  range  of  tie  Temperature  during  the  month...  ...  14.0 


Mean  "Wet  Bulb  Thermometer  for  the  month     ...             ...             ...  78.7 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tbermomctor  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer  4.6 

Coniputea  Mean  Dew-point  for  the  month          ...             ...             ...  76.5 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermomet^T  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ...  7.8 

Inches. 

Mean  Elastic  force  of  Vapour  for  the  month    ...  ...  ...    0.868 


Troy  grain. 

Mean  Weight  of  Vapour  for  the  month  ...  ...  ...      9.31 

Additional  Weight  of  Vapour  required  for  complete  saturation    ...       2.62 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  saturation  being  unity  0.78 

o 
Mean  Max.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  ...  144.4 


Inches. 

Kained  17  days,— Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  hours       ...  ...     2.68 

Total  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...  11.08 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month        ...  ...  ...  ...        -    ...    9.33 

Prevailing  direction  of  the  Wind...        ...  S  S  W, 

♦  Height  70  feet  10  me\i<e^  \siNiONe  ^qiamqA. 


Meteorological  Olservalion». 


xli 


^^,^^ 


^ 


^        ^ 


nil  uitJjj 


AV^^^^u 


UU  11  tail 


V-^'A\ 


*ao  Hit* J.] 

;Ai 
^no  timji 


M  '^ 


■no  utBjf 


■no  mw^]' 


no  iTTir^ 
"rioiipii 


'HO  T|TO>| 


'?r  *R  *:? 


'no  Tiiir^ 


*ftci  Tttwji- 


^^iCq  '1^ 


-TIO  nitr^T 
no  urtrii' 


■no  niTf^ 

^^q  'ST 


■4I10H 


^  —  •**-  —  -M 


«    ^5  ^l  ^1  -N  ?1  -?!  ^  ?1  «  *#  iW  W  ir^  ^TM  —  — »  --  ^1 


i-t  ?ij  :»a  5«>  >i  t*  —  7>i  ^  7^1         ^ 


M    !?1  -BiJ  -^  -^  -M  IQ  «  "^1  3«l  *^  -»  »-•  W  CO  lO  -f  ?1  -^  1^  —  ^1 


-^  >1  ?5  *^  T^l  M  TO  9^  lO  TO  TO  TO  ^  ^  TO  — *  ^1  *Q  -*  Tl  -•  ^ 


cs'  QCSiC'  ^C5t*^s^«3ii^^^QCi>^  '^  r^i-*«?iSj)t  rix. 


eo  <>t  -M  -4 


-^  TO  -t  t^  ^  lO  ^  "i  ^  'S^  ^1  -^  '?!  ?1 


^   gfj  -*  _  ^  _  ^  ^515  ^'  TO  •^  ^  91  -^  ^^  ^"-i-rl  TO  *?!  TO  to" 


»  ^1   'M  -M  TO  TO  -f  r^  -H         —  ^  F-*        —  -M  -♦        ^  *^  ^  .-^  ^ 


O^    JO*C-"5*fTO^'"*TO 

O  — ■ ^ ^ ^ 


—  -t         -,«-?>.-        *>]  -?!  TO 


TO    TO  TO  TO  ^  ^  TO  ^1  ^1        «-•  T'T  ?1  — 


—  n  'M  TO  ^  TO 


^1    ^  ^  ^l  M  ^1  -M  - 


^  ^41^  *4  —  V^  — ■  -4        r-t  ^-4  rs  TO  •'I  TO 


^^^--1        ^' 


*>!  >1  ^"^  "^        — 


i—  ?1  M  -^        «  ^  -^^ 


^S  *S".  *-"  S4  €^  *^  *<^  '^  ^^  '^  ^  *^  ^*  Sl'^ 


Ta  ^ra -^  «k  "^^r-^  ^^  "^ 


^X 


Mettorological  Observationb. 


xlii 


Abstract  of  Ike  Itesult^  of  theJlottrl^  ileteoiological  Observations 

taken  at  the  Snrveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the  month    oj   June    1871. 

Latitude  ll""  33'  V  North.    Longitude  88°  20'  3^  East. 

lEeiglit  of  tlie  Cistern  of  tlie  Standard  Barometer  above  tlie  sea  level,  18.11  feet. 

Daily  Means,  k^,  of  the  Observations  and  of  tlie  Kjgrometrical  elements 
dependent  thereon. 


^t 

Itau^e  of  tlie  Barometer 

J5 

3  li 

Rang<?  of  tlie  Tc 

nipt- ra- 

til 

during  tlie  cUy. 

^  1 

ture  during  tlie 

ting. 

^1 

Data. 

Mas,    1 

Mip. 

DiC 

Mai. 

Min. 

DiO; 

lucUes* 

lut^lies. 

IncLes, 

Indies.  1 

0 

0 

0 

o 

1 

29.6^5 

29.714 

29J90 

0.124 

86.3 

93.8 

^.7 

11. 1 

2 

.625 

,075 

,550 

.125 

80.7 

88.0 

77.0 

11.0 

3 

J79 

.647 

.497 

,150 

81.3 

87.0 

77.0 

10.0 

4 

.626 

.570 

,471 

,099 

81.8 

87.0 

79.5 

7.5 

6 

.551 

.590 

.508 

.082 

82  J 

87-5 

80.0 

7,5 

e 

,610 

.605 

.488 

,117 

82.0 

86.0     ! 

80.5 

5.5 

7 

^20 

.594 

.'154 

.140 

82.8 

88.4 

80.0' 

8,4 

8 

.508 

.555 

,464 

,101 

83.3 

87.5 

80.5 

7,0 

9 

.620 

.672 

.459 

,113 

8L5 

85.9 

77,8  1 

8.1 

10 

.5*55 

.612 

M% 

,100 

83.7 

90.0 

80.5 

9.5 

11 

.578 

.62:1 

,537 

,086 

81.4 

83.0 

80.2 

2.8 

\% 

.541 

-5115 

.469 

.126 

82.8 

88,0 

79.8 

8.2 

13 

.515 

.5ti2 

.455 

,107 

81.7 

84J 

80.0 

4.6 

14 

M% 

.530 

,'407 

,132 

83.6 

87.0 

81.0 

6.0 

U 

.472 

,549 

.405 

,144 

83.5 

870 

8L3 

5,7 

la 

.m 

.486 

.374 

,11^ 

84.1 

87.3 

81,0 

6.3 

M 

.460 

,535 

.403 

JS2 

83.6 

87.4 

80.8 

6.6 

18 

,52B 

.587 

.482 

.105 

84.4 

89.6 

80.5 

9,1 

19 

.543 

.593 

.484 

.1<»9 

85.5 

9i).5 

81.8 

8.7 

20 

.465 

.543 

.370 

.173 

85.1 

89.5 

83.0 

6.5 

21 

.428 

.479 

.371 

.108 

83.7 

89.7 

80.6 

9.1 

22 

.405 

.454 

.342 

.112 

82.1 

85.4 

80.5 

4.9 

23 

.425 

.499 

.370 

.129 

82.2 

86.4 

80.0 

6.4 

24 

.490 

.552 

.441 

.111 

81.0 

84.3 

80.0 

4.3 

25 

.531 

.573 

.466 

.107 

81.4 

86.7 

78.5 

8.2 

26 

.536 

.576 

.474 

.102 

81.2 

83.5 

79.5 

4.0 

27 

.501 

.539 

.444 

.095 

81.2 

84.5 

78.5 

6.0 

28 

.519 

.588 

.463 

.125 

82.0 

86.0 

78.7 

7.3 

29 

.598 

.672 

.531 

.141 

81.6 

86.5 

76.5 

10.0 

30 

.635 

.690 

.580 

.110 

82.8 

89.4        76.4 

13.0 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived,  from  the  hourly  observationSi  made  at  the 
several  Lours  during  the  day. 


rriii 


SItfeorotogicat  06senrafiou9', 


Ahatract  of  the  liesnlls  of  the  llonrlij  Melearologkal  OiservafhnM 

lakeu  al  the  Snrrei/or  GenemVs  Office,  Caleulla, 

ill  ike  vtoHlU  of  Jme   1&7I. 

Pailjr  Means,  «&c.  of  blie  ObHerrations  and  of  tlie  lijpgronietfiea)  tUmemim 
dcpeiKlent  IbcrcoiK — fCouiitinedJ 


P»te. 

i 

1       ^ 

'i 

13 

1 

Q 

a 

EJQ. 

1^ 

ill 

as  t^  ^ 

^1 

si 

1°: 

3>g 

8^S 

J^ 

p) 

o 

Q 

i^ 

< 

^ 

O 

o 

0 

o 

1 

ladies. 

T.gr. 

T.gr. 

1 

82.1 

4.2 

79.2 

r.i 

0.976 

10.41 

2.61 

OtSO 

2 

78.7 

2.0 

77.3 

3.4 

.919 

9.92 

1.12 

.90 

3 

78.9 

2.3 

77.3 

3.9 

^19 

.90 

.31 

.8a 

4 

79.7 

2.1 

78.2 

3J> 

•940 

10il7 

.23 

.81> 

6 

8«).3 

1.8- 

79.0 

3.1 

.970 

.44 

.07 

.91 

0 

»).3 

1.7 

79.1 

2.9 

i*73 

.47 

M 

.91 

7 

80.3 

2.5 

78.0 

4.3 

.955 

.27 

.48 

.87 

8 

80.0 

2.7 

7S.7 

4.0 

.901 

.31 

.62 

.8(J 

y 

80.1 

l.l 

79.1 

2.1 

.973 

.49 

0iJ2 

.93 

10 

80.1 

3.3 

78.1 

5.0 

.94^3 

.10 

li)7 

.8^4 

ii 

80.3 

1.1 

79.5 

1.9 

.980 

.02 

0.65 

.94 

12 

81.0 

1.8 

79.7 

3.1 

.992 

.06 

1.09 

.91 

13 

80.5 

1.2 

79.7 

2.0 

.992 

.€8 

0.69 

.94 

11. 

81.5 

2-1 

80.0 

3.0 

l.OOl 

.72 

1.31 

.S» 

15 

81.3 

2  2 

79.8 

3.7 

0.i»95 

.06 

.34 

.8» 

1(> 

81.2 

2.9 

79.2 

4.9 

.970 

.45 

.76 

.80 

17 

»0.0 

3.(> 

78x5 

5^1 

.955 

.25 

.78 

.85 

18 

80.3 

4.1 

77.4 

7.0 

.922 

».87 

2.44 

.80 

lU 

81.0 

3.i> 

78.9 

6.0 

.907 

ia32 

.'V) 

.81 

20     ! 

82.0 

2.5- 

80:8 

4.3 

l/)27 

.98 

1.59 

.»7 

21     1 

80.9 

3.8 

78.9 

4.8 

0.907 

.37 

.70 

M^ 

22 

80.2 

1.9 

78.9 

3.2 

.907 

.41 

.10 

.90 

23 

8ii.3 

U) 

79.0 

3.5^ 

.970 

.44 

.10 

.91 

24 

8).2 

0.8 

79.0 

1.4 

.989 

.08 

0.46 

.9& 

23 

79.9 

1.5 

78.8 

2.0 

.904 

.38 

.89 

.92 

20 

79.3 

1.9 

78.0 

3.2 

.940 

.13 

1.08 

.90 

27 

79.2 

2.0 

77.8 

3.4 

.9,3.1 

.07 

.14 

M 

2S 

79.8 

2  2 

78.3 

3.7 

.949 

.20 

.27 

.89 

29 

79.0 

2.0 

78.2 

3.4 

.910 

.19 

.16 

.90 

3JJ 

8o.a 

2.5 

78.0 

4.3 

.955 

.27 

.48 

.87 

All  the  Hygrometrical  elements  aie  coiv\^>\lvid  by  tlic  Greenwich  Constantsa 


•MtUorohffkal  Ohipervafwn^. 


xllv 


AbilfMci  of  the  Hfsnl/s  of  Ihe  flonri^  iTe(e(n'olog]cal  X)bseyva(ioftn 

tuien  at  ike  Snrveyar  Gtueral'n  Office^  Odcntt^i, 

iu  ike  ihohU  ^/  Jme  l«7h 


tloRrly  Meam,  &e.  of  tlie  ObserFaiions  and  of  ike  Hygromctrioal  elements 
dependent  tLereon. 


Hour, 


^3 


If  R'r>|rc  of  llie  Dnrf>TtH'ter 

for  enrti  lioiir  chtritig 

the  itioritli* 


Max. 


Min. 


Bim 


Rjin^e  of  (lie  IVmponi*- 
i  nro  for  i*ncli  Uoiir 
diititi^   ifie  niontli. 


Max.      Min.  ;  Diff. 


Mid- 

1 

2 

4 
6 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 

11 


Noon. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
6 
6 
7 
8 
D 
10 
11 


Indies. 

Indies. 

Inches, 

Indies. 

o 

29.545 

29.683 

29.4£4 

0.259 

81.5 

.633 

.672 

,412 

.260 

81.2 

.621 

,665 

.407 

.258 

800 

.64)7 

.647 

^sim 

.248 

80.6 

.602 

,648 

.398 

.250 

80.5 

.511 

.653 

.403 

.250 

80.4 

.625 

.684 

.414 

.270 

80.O 

.639 

.697 

.426 

.271 

81.0 

.656 

•711 

.438 

.273 

82.1 

.5(53 

.714 

.442 

.272 

83.3 

.603 

.706 

.454 

.252 

84.3 

.657 

.703 

.440 

.263 

8-1.3 

.541 

.679 

.417 

.262 

85.0 

.622 

.642 

.392 

.250 

85.1 

.603 

.627 

.370 

.257 

85.3 

.485 

.6(U 

.354 

.250 

85.0 

.469 

,690 

.ai9 

.241 

84.8 

.470 

.600 

.342 

.258 

84.2 

.482 

.602 

^65 

.237 

83.6 

.499 

.621 

.381 

.240 

82.0 

.620 

v635 

.388 

.247 

82.3 

.636 

.661 

.413 

.248 

82.1 

.653 

.670 

.437 

.233 

81.8 

.553 

.672 

.430 

1 

.2^12 

81.6 

84.5 

77.0 

84.3 

76.4 

84.1 

76.4 

84.0 

76.6 

84.0 

76.9 

83.6 

77.0 

83.7 

77.4 

84.5 

78.0 

86.6 

78.5 

87.0 

78.2 

88.6 

7t).0 

©0.5 

79.8 

91.7 
93.0 
93.8 
©1.0 
90.0 
88.9 
87.6 
86.0 
85.3 
85.0 
85.0 
84.0 


81.0 
77.5 

77.0 

78.2 

78.4 

79.0 

79.0 

79.5 

77.9 

78.0  ' 

76.5  ; 

76.8  I 


7.5 

79 
7.7 
7.4 
7.1 
6.6 
6.3 
6.5 
8.0 
8.8 
9.5 
10.7 


10.7 

15.5 

16.8 

12.8 

11.6 

9.9 

8.6 

6.5 

7.4 

7.0 

8.5 

7.2 


The  Mean  Height  of  ilie  Barometer,  ns  likewise  tlie  Pry  and  Wet  BuIH 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived  fiom  the  oUservatious  made  at  the  oererfii 
hours  during  the  month. 


xlv 


Meleorological  Olservafioni. 


Afjsfraol  of  (he  Resulls  of  the  Ilourli/  Meteorological  Observalioni 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  Getieral's  Office,  Calcutt-a^ 

in  the  month   of  June  1871. 


Hourly  Means,  Ac.  of  the  Obserrations  and  of  tlie  Hygromctrical  eloment* 
dependent  thereon. — (Continued,) 


1 

> 

If 

it 

1 

ic  force  of 

ht  of  Vapour 
foot  of  air. 

Weight  of 
quired  for 
aturation. 

^  2 

9^  § 

flour. 

•43        . 

eS 

« 

1S  • 

bf.o 

^  c  " 

i  ^^ 

11 

1 

a. 

1 

0, 

Is 

1^^ 
lis 

III 

0 

0 

0 

Tnches. 

T.gr. 

T.K». 

Mid. 

.TKl't- 

80.1 

1.4 

79.1 

2.4 

0.973 

10.44) 

0.82 

0.93 

J 

79.8 

1.4 

78.8 

2.4 

.904 

.40 

.81 

.93 

2 

7l).G 

1.3 

78.7 

2.2 

.901 

.37 

.73 

.93 

3 

71).5 

l.l 

78.7 

1.9 

.901 

.37 

.01 

.94 

4 

71).3 

1.2 

78.5 

2.0 

.955 

.31 

.07 

.94 

5 

7'.).3 

1.1 

78.5 

1.9 

.955 

.31 

.r>3 

.91 

(I 

79A 

1.1 

78.0 

1.9 

.958 

.3t 

.01 

.94 

7 

79.7 

1.3 

78.8 

2.2 

.901 

.40 

.74 

.93 

s 

80.3 

1.8 

79.0 

3.1 

.970 

.41, 

1.07 

.91 

\) 

80.S 

2.5 

79.0 

4.3 

.970 

.42 

.51 

.87 

]() 

Sl.l 

3.2 

78.9 

5.4 

.007 

.37 

.91 

.84 

11 

81.0 

3.3 

78.7 

5.6 

.901 

.29 

.99 

.84 

PToon. 

81.5 

3.5 

79.0 

o.o 

.970 

.37 

2.10 

.83 

1 

81.4 

3.7 

78.8 

0.3 

.9(>4 

.31 

.20 

.82 

2 

81.4 

3.9 

78.7 

0.0 

.901 

.20 

.38 

.81 

W 

81.3 

3.7 

78.7 

0.3 

.901 

.29 

.24 

.82 

4 

81.2 

3.0 

78.7 

0.1 

.901 

.29 

.17 

.83 

5 

80.8 

3.4 

78.4 

5.8 

.952 

.19 

.05 

.83 

Cy 

8o.r» 

3.0 

78.5 

5.1 

.955 

.25 

1.78 

.85 

7 

80.0 

2.3 

79.0 

3.9 

.970 

.42 

.37 

.88 

s 

8t).3 

2.0 

78.9 

3.4 

.9(;7 

.41 

.17 

.90 

i> 

80.2 

1.9 

78.9 

3.2 

.907 

.41 

.10 

.00 

10 

80.2 

1.0 

79.1 

2.7 

.973 

.47 

0.93 

.92 

]1 

80.0 

1.0 

78.9 

2.7 

.907 

.41 

.93 

.92 

All  tho  II  vi^nmietrKiil  olomcnts  arc  computed  Uy  the  Greenwich  Constants. 


Meteorological  Observations. 


xlvi 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office^  Calcutta^ 
in  iJte  month   of    June  1871. 
Solar  liadiation.  Weather,  <&c. 


^  A 

&?   . 

Wind. 

n 
n 

Hain  Gua 

\\  ft.  abo 

Ground 

1 

PreTailing 
direction. 

DaUy 
Velocity. 

General  aspect  of  the  Sky, 

o 

Inches 

IfT 

Miles 

1 

161.0. 

0.61 

S&  Variable. 

1.7 

133.6 

Chiefly  ^i.  T  at  6  p.  m.  Bat 
9}  p.  M. 

2 

113.0 

3.87 

SSW&  s  w 

1.3 

162.4 

8  to  8  A.M.  0  afterwards.  T 
from  10  A.  M.,  to  6  p.  M.  L  at 
3  A.  M.,  &  from  12  a.  m.,  to  2 
p.  ir.  H from  8|  a.m.,  to  2 p.m. 

3 

139.4 

0.68 

SSE&S 

2.0 

101.4 

0  to  7  A.  M.,  8  to  1  p.  M., 
"i  afterwards.  T  from  1  to  3^ 
7to9A.  M.,  AatU  p.  M.  L 
from  1  to  3  A.  H.,  at  7  &  from 
9tollp.M.  Efromlto3A.M. 

4 

2.67 

S&SbyE 

88.9 

8  to  6  A.  M.,  V-it0  9M.  A., 

"i  &  VnJ  to  2  p.  m.  O  to  6  p. 
M.  S afterwards.  Tat  6 A 7a.m. 
&  from  I  to  4  p.  M.  L  at  mid- 
night.  Rat2, 6. 10i&  12  a.m. 
&  from  1  to  3  p.  m. 

5 

145.0 

0.84 

S  by  E,S  &  S  S  E 

... 

60.6 

^i  to  12  A.  M.  O  to  4  p.  m. 
8  afterwards.  T  at  1  p.  m.  B 
at  1  A.  M.,  &  1  &2p.  M. 

6 

140.0 

0.11 

SSE&E  SE 

59.9 

\i  to  3  A.  M.  8  to  7  A.  M., 
-ito  12  A.  M.  O  to6p.M..>i 
afterwards.  T  at  1  «&  2  p.  m. 
Slight  B  from  11 J  A.  M.,  to  a 

P    M 

7 

138.3 

0.35 

ESE&NNE 

61.8 

\i  to3  A.  M.  8to6p.M.O 

afterwards.  T  at  10  a.  m.  ,  and 

from  8  to  10  p.  m.  Lfrom  8  to 

10  p.  M.  Slight  B  at  11  A.  M. 

[E. 

&  from  7  to  H  p.  m. 

8 

132.0 

0.12 

WSW^NNW&N 

120.3 

0  to  4  p.  M.,  \i  k  v-i  af- 
terwards. Tat2A.  M.,  &  llj 
p.  M.  L  at  2  A.  M.,  &  11  p.  M. 
B  at  3  A.  M. 

9 

127.6 

4,04 

WbyS&SSW 

2.0 

101.9 

O  to  3  p.  M.  S  afterwards. 
Brisk  wind  at  3f  a.m.  T  from 
midnight  to  7  A.  M.  &  at  7  P.  M. 
L  from  midnight  to  6  a.  «.  <& 
7  to  11  p.  M.  B  from  midnight 
tol2iA.  M. 

10 

141.8 

0.74 

s  w&ss w 

0.8 

162.2 

8  to  11  A.  M.,  \i  &  -ito4 
p.  M.  0  afterwards.  T,  L  &  B 
at  6  &  6  p.  M. 

11 

... 

0.34 

SSE&SbyE 

... 

102.7 

Chiefly  O.  T  from  1  to  4  & 
at  8  A.  M.  L  from  1  to  4  a.  m. 

Slight  B  from  2  t^  6  &  10  to 

12  a.  m.,  &at2B,>iL. 

\i  Cirri,— i  Strati,  ^  i  Cam^ili,  \_\  CiTto^^ltaW,  '^\Ci\xm>a^cy-'eXx^^x>->--^<^^^^- 
W  Cirro-cumuli,  B  clear,  S  stratom,  O   OYeTWAV.,'^  >DtaNsAs?t,  \^  \^^J^>^^ks^^- 


xlvii 


Meteorological  06servafions» 


Abiiract  of  the  Hesulls  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 

taken  at  tlis  Surveyor  Generates  Officey  Calcutta, 

iu   tie  month  of  June  1871. 

Solar  Eadiation,  Wentlier,  &c. 


u     , 

o  9 

GQ  '^ 

|i 

Wind. 


Prevailing 
direction. 


8| 


General  aspect  of  iLe  S1ry« 


12 

o 
145.3 

13 

... 

14 

152.3 

15 

137.5 

26 

... 

17 

149.2 

18 

14^.5 

19 

148.5 

127.0 


143.0 


20 

^1 
:22 


^3  138.8 


24'     .. 


InclicHl 
2.18   SE&SSE 


1.38 
0.06 

0.13 
0.25 

0.01 


0.27 
0.84 

0.45 


S  by  W  &  S 
S&S8W 

WSW,  S  AS  byE 
SbyE,S&SbyW 

S 
S  by  W  &  S  S  W 

s  s  w&s 

S&ESE 

S  E  &E  by  S 
SE&ESE 

ESE&SE 


1.53  E  S  E  &  S 


1.0 


0.8 


Miles 
199.3 


S  to  7  A.  M.,  ^i  to  3  p.  M. 
O  to  7  P.  M.  B  afterwards.  L 
at  4  A.  M.,  &  11  p.  M..H  from 
12  A.  M.,  to  3  p.  H. 

107.4  O  t(»  7  p.  M.,  >^i  aftcrwnrds. 
E  at  1  &  from  5  to  7  &  lOJ  a. 
H.,  to  1  p.  M..  &  at  3  p.  H. 

77.4  Sto4  A.M.  Oto  9  A.M.,  -i  \o 
2  p.  M.  O  to  9  p.  M.  B  after- 
wards. Slight  11  at  8  A.  M.,  1, 
4,  6  A  9  p.  M. 

75.9  Clouds  of  different  Icinds. 
Slight  K  at  2  A.M.,  &  from  12 
A.  M.  to  3  p.  M. 

171.5  \-i  to  4  A.  M.  Oto  7  a.  M., 
i  &^i  io  7  p.M.Safterwardsr. 

L  on  Sat  11 J  p.m.  R  at  7,  12 

A.  M..  &  1  p.  M. 

206.5  I  S  to  5  A.  M.,  Vi  to  9  A.  m., 
pi  to  1  p.  M.  O  afterwards.  D 
|at  6  A.  M.,  2.1,  4  Sc  5  p.  m. 

165.8  ()  to  4  A.  M.  S  to  8  A.  M., 
\i  to  11  A.  M.,  ^i  to  6  p.  M., 
v_i  aft^^rwards. 

114.8  \i  to  5  A.  M..  ^i  to  7  P.  M. 
IB  aflorwards. 

115.8  O  to  9  A.  M.,  clouds  of  dif- 
ferent kinds*  afterwards.  L  at 
4  &5  A.  M.,  &  11  p.  M.Tat8 
A.  M.  D  at  8  &  12  A.  M.,  &   1 

&  2^-  P    M 
153.2       \1\  to  5  A.  M.  S  to  10  A.  M., 
'^i  to  8  p.  M.  O  afterwards,  li 
at  12  A.  M.,  4,  5  &  11  p.  M. 

216.7  O  to  3  A.  M.  S  to  6  a.  m., 
\i&  ^i  to9  A.  M.O  tol  P.M., 
clouds  of  difTerent  kinds  af- 
terwards. B.  at  midnight,  10, 
11  A.  M.,  IJ,  2J,  4,  5  &7  p.  M. 

273.8  S  to  6  A.  M.,  '^i  to  1  p.  m., 

0  afterwards.  T  at  lOJ  p.  m. 
Slight  U  at  1,3,  11a.  m.,  2,  6, 
|7  &  from  9  to  1 1  p.  m. 

1  O.  T  at  2}  &  6.1p.m.  L  at 

254.6  2\  p.  M.  B  after  inter?al8. 


\i  Cirn, — i  Strati,  '"i  Cumuli,  \-~\C\rTo-^ttv\^\,  rx.:\ C.v\w\wVv>-'s>\r\U,  vrv_i  Nimbi, 
V>i'  Ciri-o-nimuli,  B  dear,  S  stratouH,  O   o\ctc^*V,  T  \\v>i.\i^x,  V  Xx^vVvivsvi^, 


I? 


7^  A.vt'Ti 


Meteorological   Olservalions, 


xlviii 


Abstract  of  the  ResuUa  of  the  Uonrly  Meteorological  Oiservations 
taien  at  tie  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 
in  the  month   of  June  1871. 
Solar  Sadiation,  Weather,  Ac, 


o  o 
CO '43 

si 


to    . 

-J  a  § 

ad  2 


Wind. 


Prerailing 
direction. 


:^ 


25 
26 

27 

28 

29 
30 


o 
120.0 

128.5 


187.0 
1U.0 

110.5 
134.0 


Indies 
0.44 

0.02 


1.12 
0.21 

1.82 
0.47 


I 


ssw&w  sw 

[W 
WNW,SWitSS 


SW&SSE 
8S  W 

S  S  W&S  W 
8SW&SW 


0.8 
0.8 

2.0 


Miles. 
85.0 

168.2 


179.1 
139.3 

79.9 
98.9 


^General  aspect  of  tlio  Sky- 


Chiefly  O.  E  at  1 J  &  3  A.M., 
&  4  p.  H. 

8  to  6  A.  M.  O  to  11  A.  M.  S 
afterwards.  Light  E  from  7  to 
11  A.  M. 

Chiefly  O.  E  from  IJ  to  9 
at  11  <&  12  A.  M..,  &  6  p.  M, 

Chiefly  O.  Slight  E  at  mid- 
night from  6  to  10  a.m.,  &  be- 
tween 7  &  8  p.  M. 

Chiefly  O.  E  from  3  to  11 
p.  M. 

O  to  9  A.  M ,  S  afterwards. 
TatlA.M.LatlA.M.,&fix)m8 
to  10  p.  M.  E  from  midnight 
to  4  A.  M.,  at  1,  2  J  &  11  P.  M. 


^\rSrTr^^^TStaiti7TCnmSdivlA^reo^^^ 
W  CirTO-CumuIi,  B  clear,   8  stxBcWm,  O  wcwfta^.^"^  ^OssMi^^^ 


xlix 


Meieorological  Oiservaiiotts. 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological    Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office^  Calculta, 
in  the  month    of  June   1871. 
Monthly  Ebsults. 


Mean  lieiglit  of  tlio  Barometer  for  the  month... 
Max.  Iicight  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  9  a.  m.  on  the 
Min.  lieight  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  5  p.  m .  ou  the 
JCxtreme  ravage  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month  ^ 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Pressures      ...  ...  ".. 

J)itto        ditto       Min.        ditto 
Mean  daily  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month    . 


Ist. 


Inches. 

.  ^.523 
.  29.714 
.  29.34S 
.  0.372 
.  29.679 
.  29.462 
.    0.117 


Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month       ...  ,.,        ,.,  82.7 

Max.  Temperature  occurred  at  2  p.  m.  on  the  Ist.  ^1^3-8 

Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  1(&2  a.  m,  on  the  30th.          76.4 

Extreme  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  mouth         17.4 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Temperature  ...            ...                87.2 

Ditto       ditto        Min.        cfitto,        ...            ...                79.8 

Mean  daily  range  of  tl:e  Temperature  during  the  month...  ...  7.4 


Mean  "Wet  Bulb  Tliermoraetcr  for  the  month     ... 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  al)ove  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer 

Computed  Mean  Dew-point  for  the  month 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ... 


Mean  Elastic  force  of  Vapour  for  the  month    ... 


80.4 

2.3 

.      78.8 

3.9 

Inches. 
.     0.964 


Troy  grain. 

Mean  Weight  of  Vapour  for  the  month  ...  ...  ...     10.36 

Additional  Weight  of  Vapour  required  for  complete  saturation    ...       1.36 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  satui'ation  being  unity  0.88 


Mean  Max.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  .., 


o 
13^.8 

Inches. 

Bained  28  days. — Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  hours       ...  ...     4.04 

Total  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...  26.35 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month        ...  ...  ,,,  ,,,  ...  23.66 

Prevailing  direction  of  the  Wind 8  &  S  S  W. 

•  Heiglit  70  Ceet  10  'mcVieiv  «Xjo^c  ^gtwsA* 


Meteorological  Observations. 


^       o 


^ 


S. 


5.      2 


0   ^ 


f» 


"3    *- 
fir. - 


CD 


«  r  5 


"•,-5  2 

^  :f  i;  C 

Si  •.. 

& 

o 


05    ^ 

c  1^ 


Si 


'^     ^ 


c 


«^   -s 


V 


■Uc»  UIUJI 

AilCcrsf 

*-^     1-^  ^^  1-^ 

'uo  aio}^ 

.il  k'.M 

4^  ,-4  «^#-f 

■UU  UilJ)f 

f-^  i-i 

■AV  '\' 

--.-^                                           T^-N 

■iRi  m\\\\ 

XVK'W 

'M'^^^'S^^                 ^^^                                                                  CT^ 

Ml    IIUIJI 

1—1 

* 
-• 

r^ 

V'^'q-AV 

—                                                                                                                                 " 

ito  utuji 

^           "                                     "                                                      - 

\u 

^           „                   ^^^^                                             ^                            ,^^^ 

no  uttfJl 

-*           -^  '^^  — *                                                                              *^                               1 

■^  A  a    A\ 

^                                         -^^__^_4  —  -*                                                             ^^.^^ 

'it«^  !iirt}j 

^«                                                      1-H                            r^^                     -^^r^ 

\V<^  \\ 

-r^  ?^  ^1  ^  ^1  "*            -.  —  —            Ci  ^  ?4  ?4             -,  ^  -,  OT 

Mhi  fi|fi;f 

—  'M  -*  ^1  ^  -^  1^  -M  ^1  --(  >1                          ^1              — 

U  '=? 

n  -*^1  10  -f  -f  iO  ?*?  i!5  -?  •*  ?3  ^3  —  •^  7^1  ^1  t^  ^  -M  ^  TC  7: 

-j>  -.        «i  ^  -fl  ^  71  ^              ri  'M  ?1        ^  ^  ^  ^  ^ 

■nil  iiiifjf 

—  M  r:  *^"r:  **  7a  :*^  r:  '—  —  ?c  *^'  ?^"tVi^  rt  75  ^  — *  —  — T"""  | 

-^                               e*>         r-t         ^1  ^T  -*;          —  f  J  11  —  "  --»                        p^ 

i,  —  -•  ^  ^  w^  -f  —  IS  -■  i-i  t'l  -*  ae  i(^  I--  lar^  i-^i^io'H* 

•Itn  itllfjr 

■:■!  ■^"^1  ^g 

*0  -*  ?1  "M  75               _«*-—.  —  -^J  ^1  :>!-,  >t  ^  -*  -t  31  TI  -#  ira 

^1  ^                                         ^  71  *  _  ^         ^1                            P-, 

—  r*;  rs  t:  -ys  >i  rr      ^  ^  «j  —  *j  ?:       I'S  >j  ?;  ^  *©  'J  ^ -siT 
"  «»  ^  '^'i  *i  -,  ~  ^i  ~Ti~     ' ■ 

-J  -Q 

■M  >m  -»  —  ■?!  9^  -*  -*  >!  T5  ?1  >t  >1  ?l         -M  >  1  M  -,^  ^  r-  W, 

■no  TiiFii 

-5,          ^ .^          ^                               _         ^^                 «                               ^ 

*',r  "Q  -.r 

-^^?^75  ««  — ^~—       -Mt?^-*  — T^r^-M^^lrt^i 

■lio  liivjf 

—  ^ 

^q  Xo'V 

^        ^-.-.1              ^.^        r, .-?! - 

*nr»  iiri"»T 

1^ 

.»^-,                    i-m 

M 

--«^„^     ^             .^^     i^^fl^^^         ^^-. 

•ni>  THi?)f 

"^ 

■r  Cn~^T 

''^ *-- 

no  TinT>r 

':t  'X  '^^i 

-^                                                              ^ 

'Hf*  ftmu 

tr  ■  V' 

^                                                                      ^„^^^ 

'Ufl  nm;r 

— »                                                              t-l 

?r  \'\s: 

■ufi  fiiw)y 

TT  ^^  '  ^T 

'TIO  TltBJJ 

s: 

I 

^jnojf, 

-5^ 
S.^ 

-*  ^1  C*^  'f  ^O  -J>  t-  t»  Ci  0  "^  ^-^  '^  '^  ^  *&  tj^^  '^lu't 

-^ 


Mtlti^rokH/ical  Olfittn'^a 


AMraH  of  the  Sc^nlf^  nf  the  llourlff  AMeoroiufficat  OlfSefvalwuB 

iaiea  ai  the  Surveyor  Generates  Office^  Caicttlfa^ 

in  ike  moufA    0/  Jufy    1871, 

Latitude  W  W  r  NqiIIj,     LongiUide  88"*  JJO'  3r  Eu«t. 

Hef^Utor  4lic  Cii^tern  of  the  StamlmrU  Barauietcr  nbove  tUe  see  level,  18.11  feet* 

Dmily  Means,  Jtc.  of  tke  Observulions  iind  of  tlie  Ifyj;roiiieU'ical  clemeuts 
drpemletit  iliiTeoji. 


Bate. 


ltaii*?e  of  llio  Uiipotnetor 
during  the  ihy. 


Max. 


Milt, 


Diff. 


W  ^ 


Itjiiigt'  of  the  Tempera* 
turedtiriiJg  tlie  day. 


Max. 


Miii. 


Diff, 


Inches. 

IiiL'hes. 

Inches.  1 

29.G0S  , 

2»,&ii^ 

«9.628 

M5 

M4. 

.6<XI 

Ml 

Mm 

.522 

Mt 

•68S 

.6(m 

.tm 

.666 

.637 

JI743 

.616 

.511 

.5i3 

.694 

*47o 

.5W 

.6t]a 

.462 

.628 

,58.H 

.48«) 

.539 

.581 

.488 

M2 

.579 

.466 

.692 

.660 

.552 

.674 

.724 

.624 

.657 

.721 

,6iJ3 

.675 

.64  L 

.495 

.64^ 

.696 

,486 

.613 

.655 

.-150 

.406 

.6*7 

.4:^5 

.482 

.62iJ 

.423 

.51i 

Mi 

.463 

.650 

.598 

.60*3 

.6<MJ 

.6:i9 

.661 

.aw 

.637 

.663 

.641 

.607 

.461 

Mn 

.5W) 

.421 

.510 

*5H3 

.462 

.57*5 

.618 

.537 

.5i$« 

.611 

.5<MI 

.482 

.661 

,3^» 

.41« 

.49  i 

.359 

.626 

.613 

.457 

IiiL'hea. 


80.8 
78.1 
82.4 
829 
83.7 
81.4 
86.1 
83-8 
83.1 
83.2 
83.a 
81.U 
8(M» 
83.5 
84.4 

m.9 

82.6 
88  9 
83,2 
82.4 
8<1.9 
79.0 
8L6 
82.0 
79.6 
H2S 
82  5 
84.0 
Hl.8 
82.4 
80.& 


0 

0 

87,6 

76.4 

8C>6 

75.6 

88 .0 

79.0 

87.4 

79.4 

88.6 

80.2 

89.8 

80.6 

90.0 

81.6 

9»>2 

81.2 

85,7 

81.0 

86.7 

8<».7 

89.0 

70.4 

86.5 

78.0 

81.8 

77.6 

88.4 

80.6 

87.6 

81.4 

86.0 

81.0 

86.4 

78.6 

84)9 

8f».6 

89.0 

80.2 

86.6 

80.0 

64.2 

78.0 

81.6 

7H.2 

S-1.0 

79.0 

86.8 

80.6 

8;i9 

77.2 

8t>.0 

78.0 

87.6 

78,8 

89.0 

79.5 

1K».6 

81.1 

86,0 

80.0 

82.8 

70.4 

The  M€\an  Keiglit  of  the  Barnineter.  a«  liki'Wtse  Hi©  Dry  and  Wtf  l\\i\l 
Thermometer  Meunt;  are  tlenvcd^  from  the  huurly  ohscrTaliuuSj  made  ii-l  vU 
aeveral  lioura  during  tlie  day. 


lit 


Meteorological  Obiervalions. 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Honrltf  Meteorological  Obserpation$ 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  Generates  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the  month  of  July   1871. 


Daily  Means,  &c.  of  the  Obscrrations  and  of  the  Hygrometrical  element! 
dependent  tbereon. — (Continued.) 


Date. 

i 

1^ 

1 
1 

-1^ 

p 

1 

1 

1 

li 

1 

II 

111 

lit 

Pi 

o^  en 

III 

o 

0 

0 

0 

luclies. 

T.gr. 

T.gr. 

1 

77-7 

2.6 

75.9 

4.4 

0.879 

9.49 

3.42 

0.87 

2 

77.1 

1.0 

76.4 

1.7 

.893 

.68 

0.64 

.95 

3 

79.7 

2.7 

77.8 

4.6 

.934 

10.03 

3.68 

.86 

4 

79.5 

3.4 

77.1 

5.8 

.913 

9.80 

.99 

.83 

5 

80.7 

3.0 

78.6 

5.1 

.958 

10.28 

.79 

.85 

6 

81.2 

3.2 

79.0 

6.4 

.970 

.40 

.91 

.85 

7 

81.7 

3.4 

79.3 

6.8 

.979 

.46 

2.11 

.83 

8 

81.3 

2.0 

79.5 

4.3 

.986 

.57 

1.53 

.87 

9 

81.1 

2.0 

79.7 

3.4 

.992 

.66 

.20 

.90 

10 

81.4 

1.8 

80.1 

3.1 

1.005 

.77 

.12 

.91 

31 

80.7 

2.6 

78.9 

4.4 

0.967 

.39 

.64 

.87 

32 

79.4 

2.5  i 

77.6 

4.3 

.928 

9.99 

.45 

.87 

33 

78.8 

1.2  ; 

78.0 

2.0 

.910 

10.15 

0.66 

.94 

34 

8').9 

2.6 

79.1  1 

4.4 

.973 

.4o 

1.55 

.87 

15 

81.6 

2.8 

79.6 

4.8 

.989 

.68 

.73 

.86 

36 

81.0 

2.3 

79.4 

3.9 

.983 

.51 

.39 

.88 

37 

80.1 

2.5 

78.3 

4.3 

.919 

.20 

.48 

.87 

38 

80.8 

3.1 

78.6 

6.3 

.958 

.28 

.85 

.85 

39 

80.4 

2.8 

78.4 

4.8 

.952 

.21 

.68 

.86 

20 

8'..).2 

2.2  1 

78.7 

3.7 

.961 

.33 

.28 

.89 

21 

78.9 

2.0  ! 

77.5 

3.4 

.925 

9.98 

.12 

.90 

22     j 

7S.5 

1.4 

77.5 

2.4 

.925 

10.00 

0.78 

.93 

23     1 

79.5 

2.1  1 

78.0  1 

3.6 

.910 

.11 

1.23 

.89 

21     1 

79.S 

3.1   1 

77.6  1 

6.3 

.928 

9.97 

.82 

.85 

25 

7S.0 

1.6  ' 

76.9  ' 

2.7 

.908 

.80 

0.89 

.93 

20 

79  1 

3.5  i 

76.9  ! 

6.0 

.908 

.71 

2.05 

.83 

27     1 

79.7 

2.8  , 

77.7  i 

4.8 

.931 

10.00     1 

1.64 

.86 

28     1 

8').6 

3.1 

78.2  , 

6.8      : 

.916 

.13 

2.04 

.83 

2!)     I 

81.2 

3.6 

78.7  1 

6.1 

.961 

.29 

.17 

.83 

30     1 

80.1 

2.3  ' 

78.5  , 

3.9     ' 

.955 

.27 

1.31 

.89 

31     I 

79.2 

1.7 

78.0  1 

1 

_!:'J 

.910 

.13     1 

0.97 

.91 

Ail  the  J-[jgromctricaI  elements  are  computed  by  the  Greenwich  Constant*. 


Meteorological  Olservations, 


liii 


Abiiract  of  the  Hesnlls  of  the  llonrli/  Meteorological  Olservationa 

iakcH  at  fie  Snrvegor  GeneraVs  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  tie  month  of  July   1871. 


Hourly  Means,  &c.  of  tbe  Observations  and  of  tlie  Hjgromefcrical  elements 
dependent  tbereon. 


^^ 

Jitaiige  i 

:^f  the  BaromctiT 

»o 

liange  of  the  Ti*!i*p<M-a- 

III 

for  ePi'b  Lour  duriug 

M 

ttire  for  eaeh  honr 

tbe  month 

^1 

during 
Mai. 

tbe  month. 

Hour. 

Mas. 

Mb. 

Dim 

Mb. 

DiC 

Incbes. 

Incbes. 

Inches. 

Incbes. 

o 

0 

0 

o 

Mid- 

nigbt. 

29.574 

29.710 

29.457 

0.253 

81.1 

83.0 

77.0 

6.0 

1 

.564 

.701 

.447 

.254 

80.7 

82.6 

76.3 

63 

2 

.554 

.693 

.420 

.273 

80-4 

82.2 

76.0 

6.2 

8 

.542 

.682 

.404 

.278 

80.1 

82.3 

76.7 

6.6 

4 

.536 

.662 

.391 

.271 

79.8 

82.3 

75.6 

6.7 

6 

.543 

.671 

.399 

.272 

79.7 

82.5 

75.6 

6.9 

6 

.554 

.674 

.399 

.275 

79.7 

82.5 

76.5 

7.0 

7 

.568 

.691 

.408 

.283 

80.5 

83.0 

77.0 

6.0 

8 

.578 

.714 

.429 

.285 

81.6 

84.5 

77.3 

7.2 

9 

.585 

.721 

.438 

.283 

82.9 

86.8 

78.0 

7.8 

10 

.587 

.715 

.430 

.285 

83.8 

87.5 

78.2 

9.3 

11 

.580 

.724 

.419 

.305 

84.7 

88.5 

79.0 

9.5 

Noon. 

.567 

.709 

.401 

.308 

85.5 

89.5 

79.5 

10.0 

1 

.550 

.707 

.391 

.316 

85.9 

90.5 

79.0 

11.5 

2 

.531 

.689 

.384 

.305 

86.7 

90.0 

78.8 

11.2 

3 

.513 

.654 

.366 

.288 

85.1 

90.0 

79.0 

11.0 

4 

.500 

.640 

.359 

.281 

85.2 

90.0 

79.6 

10.4 

6 

.495 

.624 

.371 

.253 

84.7 

88.7 

79.5 

9.2 

6 

.508 

.637 

.384 

.253 

83.6 

87.5 

77.5 

10.0 

7 

.528 

.650 

.411 

.239 

82.5 

.86.3 

77.5 

8.8 

8 

.548 

.681 

.431 

.250 

82.1 

85.2 

78.0 

7.2 

9 

.567 

.700 

.458 

.242 

81.8 

84.3 

78.2 

6.1 

10 

.581 

.718 

.472 

.246 

81.5 

83.7 

77.5 

6.2 

11 

.582 

.717 

.464 

.253 

81.4 

83.6 

77.5 

6.1 

Tbe  Mean  Height  of  tbe  Barometer,  as  likewise  tbe  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived  from  the  ob8erTaUoii%TaiA*^N.^<^  ve^^t:^ 
boors  during  tbe  month. 


liv 


Mef€oroh>gical  Obserrafiim$. 


Ab$hact  of  the  liesnlls  of  the  Uofirlt^  Meteorological  Odsenralidms 

taken  at  the  Sttrreyor  General's  Office^  Calcutta, 

in  the  month   of  July  1871. 


Hourlj  Meann,  Ac.  of  tlie  Olworrfttionn  nnd  of  tlie  Hygrometricft]  eleneato 
dopcudcnt  thereon. — (Continned.) 


Hour.      ^ 


Mtd- 
oight 

1 

2 

3 

4 

a 

6 

% 

IQ 
11 


1 
2 
3 
4 
IT 
6 
7 
S 
9 
10 
11 


o 

0 

o 

o 

79.7 

1.4 

78.7 

2.4 

79.4 

L3 

78.5 

2.2 

7l*/2 

1.2 

78.4 

2.0 

79.0 

M 

78.2 

1.9 

7a8 

LO 

78.1 

1.7 

7S.a 

1.1 

77.8 

1.9 

7HJ 

1.0 

78.0 

1.7 

7^*.3 

1.2 

78.5 

2.0 

79.8 

1.8 

78.5 

3.1 

80.1 

2.8 

78.1 

4.8 

BO.d 

a.s 

78.2 

5.6 

8«J.9 

S.ti 

78.2 

6.5 

81.2 

4a 

78.2 

7.3 

HL3 

4.6 

78.1 

7.8 

8L1 

40 

77.9 

7.8 

81,2 

8.9 

78.5 

6.6 

81.1 

4.1 

7S.2 

7.0 

803 

3.9 

78.1 

6.6 

80.5 

ai 

78.3 

5.3 

79.D 

2.(5 

78.1 

4.4 

71>.8 

2.3 

78.2 

3.9 

71K8 

2.0 

78.4 

3.4 

79.7 

i.a 

78.4 

3.1 

79.9 

1.6 

78.7 

2.7 

Tnclies. 

T.gr. 

0.961 

10.37 

.955 

.31 

.952 

.37 

.91.6 

.21 

.913 

.18 

.984 

.09 

.940 

.15 

.955 

.31 

.955 

.29 

.913 

.12 

.91.6 

.13 

.946 

.11 

.946 

.11 

.91:^ 

.06 

.937 

.00 

.955 

.21 

.946 

.11 

.943 

.08 

.949 

.18 

.913 

.14 

.946 

.17 

.952 

.25 

.952 

.25 

.961 

.33 

T.gr. 

0.80 
.73 
.67 
.63 
.57 
.63 
.67 
.67 

1.05 
.67 
.97 

2.31 


0.9S 

.93 
.94 
.94 
.95 
.94 
.95 
.94 
.91 
.86 
.84 
.81 


.61 

.80 

.81 

.78 

.80 

.78 

.36 

.81 

.50 

.80 

.34 

.81 

1.85 

.85 

.50 

.87 

.34 

.88 

.15 

.90 

.06 

.91 

0.92 

.92 

Al]  the  Hjgromctrical  dementi  are  computed  by  the  Greenwich  Constanta. 


Meieorological  Observations, 


Iv 


Abstract  of  the  liesnlt^  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office^  Calcutta^ 
in  the   month   of    July  1871. 
Solar  E-adiation,  Weather,  &e. 


5?d 

-o  § 

QQ.2 

.   eS 

1^ 

p 

a2 

eS   ^ 

3 


^i'S 


O 


«S   S3 

-  o 


Wind. 


Prevailing 
direction. 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


16 


o 
143.6 


160.0 
146.0 


148.0 


146.0 
144.0 


iao.o 


126.0 


163.0 


160.0 


146.0 


126.8 


TuclieFi 
2.24 


1.01 

0.02 


0,09 


0.43 


0.27 


0.84 


0.49 


0.36 


0,30 


0.16 


L41 


0,43 


0.11 


lb" 

L4 


sw,asw&  w 


WSWJtWbjS- 


WbyS&SbyW.    ... 

[E.I 
SbyW,SSE&8by  0.6 


S  S  E  *i  S  by  E. 

SbyE&  S. 

SbyE&S. 
SSE. 

S8E. 

a  s  E  &  s. 

S  by  %  &  S  S  E 
S  by  E  4  8  W 

3  by  E  &  8 

3  &  S  S  W, 
SSW, 


ft  -f 

Mites 
142.2 


169.9 
111.1 

208.4 


219.9 


109.3 


144.4 
166.3 


119.6 


93.9 


81.2 


112.6 


127.7 


174.6 


266.6 


General  aspect  of  tlie  Sky* 


Otol2A.  M..\ito6:p.M.O 
afterwards.  Rfroni  midniglit 
to  2  A.  H.,  (&  6^  to  11  p.  M. 

O.  E  from  midnight  to  9  a. 
M.,  1  to  21  &  at  6,8  &  9  p.  M. 

O  to  6  A.  M.,  ^i  afterwards. 
LightEatl2A.M.,liJ^3ip.M. 

B  to  6  A.  M.,  '^i  to  7  p.  M. 
B  afterwards.  Slight  K  at  11 
A.  H.,  \\  &  2i  p.  M. 

S  to  8  A.  M.,  '^i  afterwards. 
L  from  8  to  10  p.  M.  K  from 
12^  A.  H.,  to  2}  p.  M. 

\i  to  6  A.  M  ,  ^i  to  7  P.  M. 
B  afterwards.  11  at  8  a.m.  <& 

3  P.M. 

B  to  4  A.  M.,  ^i  &  \i  after- 
wards. T  at  4  p.  M. 

8  to  7  A.  M.,  "^i  to  1  p.'m. 
O  to  7  p.  M.  8  afterwards.  T 
at  U  &  6i  p.  M.  K  at  4  a.  m., 
"  3,  6&7p.  M. 

8  to  3  A.  M.  O  to  7  P.  M.  S 
afterwards.  Tat  9f  a.  m.  1,  2 
&3p.  M.Lat9p.  M.  Kat9h 
12  A.  M.,  &  1  p.  M. 

8  to  8  A.  M.,  ^i.  to  12  A.  M. 
O  to  4  p.  M.  8  afterwards.  T 

at  li  P.M.  Slight  R  at  12U><- 
&from2i^to4&at6i  p.  m. 

S  to  4  A.  M.,  \i  to  8  A.  M., 
'^i  to  2  p.  M.  O  afterwards.  R 
at  3  &  between  7  &  8  p.  m. 

O  to  7  A.  M.,  <>i  to  1  p.  M. 
8  to  4  p.  M.  O  afterwards. 
Slight  E  from  U  to  6  A  at 

10  A.  M. 

O  to  4  p.  M.,  Vi  to  8  p.  M. 

5  afterwards.  K  from  IJ  a.  m., 
to  3  p.  M. 

O  to  9  A.  M.,  Vi  to  6  p.  M. 
O  afterwards.  R  at  6i  a.  m., 

6  from  6^  to  9  p.  m. 

S  to  4  p.  M.  O  afterwards. 
T  from  9  to  11  p.  M.  L  from 
8tol0p.M.  Slight  Rat  8i<ft 
10  p.  M. 


\i  Cirri,— i  Strati,  '^  Cumuli,  ^-\  CVrxo-^lWk^V,  rN_^vCi\OTi\s\5v%'c»5Cx,»-^ 
W  arro-cumuli,  B  clear,  S  atratom,  O  o^ctowX.'l^  \>KwsA«t.  ^ 


Ivi 


Meteorological  Observafions, 


Abdract  of  the  liesnlta  of  the  Uourlj/  Meteorological  Observations 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  OJice,  Calcutta, 

in    the   month  of  July   1871. 

Solar  Eadiation,  Weather,  &c. 


u 

«4.         1 

*  a    '  K  ^    • 

si 

Ait  t 

17 
18 

19 
20 


Wind, 


PrevailiBg         g  j„ 


direction. 


S  £: 

Cy 


o        Indies 
16  113.0     0.02 


148.8 
186.0 

110.6 
148.5 
129.4 


21 
22 

23  120.0 

I 

241  134.1 


0.83 


0.17 

0.38 

1.12 
0.42 
0.05 


25 

26 
27 

28 
29 
30 
31 


134.0  1  3.25 


145.0 
129.6 

148.0 
147.2 
128.0 


0.11 
0.13 

0.05 
0.51 
0.73 


S&SW 

WAS 

S,SE&ESE 

ESE&SE 
S  E  &  S  by  E 

S  by  E  &  8  8  W 

S  S  W  &  S  by  W 
S  SW 

SSW&S  w 

[S 
WSW,WifeWby 

W  by  S  &  S  S  E 

S  E.  &  S 

S  &  S  by  E 
SSE.E&EbyN 
E  S  E  &  S  S  E. 

S  &  S  by  E 


U) 


0.8 


MiicR 
151.5 


General  aspect  of  the  Sky. 


85.6 


30.4 


266.2 

257.4 

120.6 
133.9 
120.1 
121.9 

101.7 

87.7 
190.7 

108.3 

0.5:  14rl.2 

141.5 

145.3 


O  to  10  ▲.  M.  8  to  5  p.  M. 

0  afterwards.  L  on  £  at  9  p.m. 
Light  E  at  3  a.  m. 

O  to  6  A.  M.,\i  A  v-i  to  10 
A.  M.,  '^i  to  2  P.M.,  Vs. i  after- 
wards. K  at  3  &  4  A.  M. 

\— i  to  4  A.  M.,  *^i  &  W  to 
6  p.  M.  B  afterwards.  T  at  8| 
p.  M.  L  on  Wat  11  P.M.  D  at 
11  A.  M.,  &  8i  p.  M. 

Clouds  of  various  kinds.  T 
at  2  p.  M.  Slight  E  at  7  &  11^ 
A.  M.,  li,  5i  &  7  p.  M. 

O  to  10  A.  M.  S  afterwards. 
SlightEat4,10&12iA.M., 
&  3,  6i  &  10  p.  M. 

O  to  11  A.  M.  S  afterwards. 
E  at  2, 3^  &  iVom  0  to  11  a.  m. 

1  Chiefly  O  Slight  K  fnjm  4 
ito  6  &  10  A.  M     to  6  F.  !kl. 

I  O  to  9  A.  M.  S  to  7  p.  M.  O 
aftonvartis.  Liglit  E  at  3J  a.m. 

I  O  to  10  A.  M.,  ^i  &  W  to  8 
p.  M.  O  afterwards.  L  at  10  & 

II  p.  M.Dat8A.M..&10p.M. 
Chiefly  O.  T  &  L  at  1  &  2 

A.  M.  E  from  1  to  12  a.  m.,  & 
4  to  7  P.  M. 

S  to  5  A.  M.,  ^i  afterwards. 
Slight  E  at  4,  5  a.  m.,  &  2  p.m. 

E  to  4  A.  M.  S  to9  A.  M., '^i 
to  4  p.  M.,  \i  afterwards.  Slight 
E  at  12  A.  M.,  2&  4  p.  m. 

E  to  2  A.  m.,  \i  to  8  p.  M., 
'^i  afterwards.  I)  at  4  &  6^  p.m. 

S  to4  A.  M.,  ^i  afterwards. 
Slight  E  from  1\  to  9  p.  M. 

S  to  6  A.  M.,  '^i  to  4  p.  M.  O 
afterwards.  E  after  intervals. 

O.  E  after  intervals. 


\  Cirri,—!  Strati,  ^i  Cumuli,  v_i  CiTTo-^trattv  rx_\  CMmulo-strati,  \r^i  Nimbi  ^ 
Cirro-cumuli,  B  clear,  8  atraiom,  O  oymfk%\.,  T  \)ii>i5iekJiT,la\x^\5i^i, 


Meteorological  Obse^raliona,  Ivii 

Abairact  of  the  Results  of  tie  Ifourly  Meteorological     Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta^ 
in  the  month    of  July   1871. 

MoiVTHLT    EeSULTS. 


Indies. 

Mean  lieiglit  of  ilie  Barometer  for  tlie  month...               ...  ...  29.551 

Max.  Leiglit  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  11  a.  m.  on  the  13th.  ...  2U.724i 

Min.  height  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at    4  p.  h.  on  the  30th.  ...  29.359 

JExireme  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month          ...  ...     0.3(>5 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Pressures      ...             ...             ...  ...  29.606 

Pitto        ditto       Min.        ditto         ...             ...             ...  ...  29.492 

Mean  daily  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month    ...  ...     0.114 


o 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month        ...             82.5 

Max.  Temperature  occurred  at  1  p.  h.  oil  the  29t1i.               90.5 

Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  6  a.  m,  on  the    2nd.              76.5 

Hxlreme  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month         16.0 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Temperature  ...             ...                86.8 

Ditto       ditto        Min.        ditto,        ...             ...                79.4 

Mean  daily  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month...           ...  7.4 


Mean  Wet  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month    ...            ...            ...  80.0 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tliermometer  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer  2.6 

Computed  Mean  Dew-i)oint  for  the  month          ...             ...             ...  78.2 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ...  4.3 

Inches. 
Mean  Elastic  force  of  Vapour  for  the  month    ...  ...  ...    0.946 


Troy  grain. 

Mean  Weight  of  Vapour  for  the  month  ...  ...  ...     10.17 

Additional  Weight  ot  Vapour  required  for  complete  saturation    ...       1 .47 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  saturation  being  unity  0.87 

o 

Mean  Max.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  ...  137.2 


Inches. 

Eained  30  days,— Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  hours       ...  ...     3.25 

Total  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...  15.93 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month        ...  ...  ...       ^,  ••;^  «  ^  ^i^'^ 

PreTwling  direction  of  the  Wind %>o^^,^  >i.^^  "^  - 

•Height  70  feet  10  VncVe*  «i>ooNe  ^oxwA- 


Iviii 


Mf^ftorottHfktti  Oifset'miionn, 


Al  >^  H 

Hill  UtltJl 

, 

Ai    K 

\\V!C  AV 

trM  t-^ 

*^  f*^ 

A^^^*A\ 

AY 

no  txiTiji 

"S!  Ail    M 

"MO  niwj] 

AV  R  A\ 

r<4                 ^*^                              r^tm^mm^^m-i^^ 

w-4                  ^-t^^^^Vl^^,^^^ 

*^                       r-»                                           .^^^^^^ 

e«s<i»««  5^17*1          r-»              N^*^«osq*^Q^'NeooO'M«i' 

<N«NMM9^Mr-ii-*                                             r-i                           (pH 

01^94';^lQ4«f999p<i«^*^             *-4rH              «^                         ^^ 

•no  inuji 

»-»-Hl(}q|?J(-^                             1-4                    «^r<-|*4                                             »H»Hi*#^»-<l 

C4   9't'MCQ9btOeQ93i3«^-H^9399        P^fH       i-4<^       (Nr-^Qil 

no  itiu;[ 

1-^                                ll'  •-*                                                             T^                                W^m-* 

^^^i-ir-tM^94^^«-#7<l             «-«.^i#^»9l9I^Cr>00 

tlO  UIIJJj 

*s 

utt  n^n^ 
no  tnn}| 
*iio  iinij^ 
'no  niw>f 

^  lb  ^  'Sfl  fco  -^  -^^  CO  «^  «  to  «3 1©  •©  ft^  »o  io  t**  t^"«©  «  la  to^ 

^^^        ^^        ^               etOQr-cStl        — •^        P-*         -* 

^                                               ^^             049I94            ««l       C* 

oco  ^o«seo««co>c^fc*'#®**^^9^«o:3««»-«*ifl«i^ 

»^2                                 f^                                             «p-l                 W  r^  ©1          r-*                 f^ 

P^  ^Hi                      1-*                              ^i*            ^^  -^                                       9^ 

">l  '«  'M 
'no  uio^]' 

(?)'74'Pl(»tr^(N^^79^^'^  —  *^9«*-«'^         •«         »^         •-•« 

^H 

*«  ^<1  •?! 

»-*^W              «««              «!-*              r^ 

•no  niirjf 

•M                                    1^                                                       1 

''A 

Cfl  f-«       «-«       ^  ^1  *s<i 

■no  niujy 

^^                     •-« 

p^         iM                             f*  r^         rf         1-^  ^< 

no  nv\t}i 
■no  tjTuyf 

1-^ 

■no  niir)| 

*uo  tii»|X 

.KT 

'     moH 

Uekoroloffkal  Observations. 


lix 


Abniract  of  the  Ittsnlh  of   (he  Uonrlij  'Mettorologlcal  ObservalioUM 

taken  at  the  Snrvet/or  UeneraVH  Offh-e,  CalciUia^ 

in    the  moutA   oj  Aitgud   1871, 

Latitude  22°  33'  l"  N<»rtli.    Longitude  88^  20'  3 J''  E^wL 

Hf  i^lit  of  the  CiMtern  of  tlie  Stninlnnl  BRronieter  above  tlie  sea  lerel,  18.1 1  feet. 

Daily  Meati«,  &«.  of  tlie  Obseri-ations  aii«1  of  Ibe  Ky groin et rim!  elements 
depeiubMit  tlunvoii. 


:s. 

Jiaii^e  of  tijo  lJar*>iiieter    ■ 

U'nii^e  of  tlie  Teni])era- 

3  2^ 

clui 

iii|{  tlie  (lay. 

'I 

ture  during  the 

tl«y. 

Date. 

1 

1 

Max. 

Min.     ! 

Diflf. 

ii 

Max. 

Min. 

I 

Diff. 

fiiclies. 

Iiiclies. 

Indies,  i 

Tnclies. 

0 

0 

^ 

0 

1 

29.624 

29.672 

29.581.  ■ 

0.088 

78.9 

79.8 

77.5  ' 

2.3 

2 

.642 

.65)2 

.590 

.11)2 

»).9 

81.3 

78.8  ' 

55 

8 

.614 

.607 

.519  i 

.118 

82.9 

88.9 

79.3 

9.6 

4 

.564 

.603 

.481 

.Hi) 

84.4 

88.5 

8rK5 

8.0 

6 

.535 

.580 

.480 

.KKJ 

84.9 

88.2 

82.7 

5.5 

6 

.524 

.564 

.457 

.107 

84.7 

89.2 

82.0 

7.2 

7 

.452 

.528 

.370 

.158 

83.8 

88.7 

80.6 

8.1 

8 

.4<)7 

.4.36 

.359 

.097 

82.1 

86.0 

80.5 

5.5 

9 

.444 

.500 

.396 

.101 

82.6 

«8.« 

80.5 

7.5 

10 

.465 

.5'>8 

.401 

.107 

83.8 

89.6 

80.5 

9.1 

11 

.482 

.524 

.436 

.088 

83.4 

91.3 

80.5 

10.8 

12 

.464 

.608 

.392 

.116 

83.2 

87.0 

,    81.0 

6.0 

13 

,493 

.586 

.413 

.173 

82.8 

86.2 

i    S*).7 

6.5 

U 

.560 

.601 

.506 

.098 

8:J.8 

8S.2 

81.0 

7.2 

15 

.566 

.601 

.518 

.083 

82.4 

8(5.5 

79.8 

6.7 

Ifi 

.553 

.621 

.514 

.110 

80,0 

81.3 

78.7 

2.6 

17 

.617 

.690 

.570 

.120 

82.1 

'      86.9 

^    78.2 

8.7 

18 

.663 

.721 

.601 

.120 

81.1 

,      8vS.2 

;   79.9 

8.3 

19 

.617 

.689 

.51)3 

.09(5 

83.6 

:    86.0 

'    81/) 

5.0 

20 

.652 

.692 

.613 

.071) 

83.5 

i    86.5 

i    81.5 

5.0 

21 

.654 

.697 

.586 

.111 

81.6 

;      87.0 

78.0 

9.0 

22 

.641 

.703 

.580 

.123 

;     81.4 

'    86.0 

7S.7 

7.3 

23 

.637 

.688 

.592 

.096 

j     81.8 

86.8 

'   7S.5 

8.3 

24 

.672 

.716 

.620 

.096 

83.4 

;      87.4 

i    80.0 

7.4 

25 

.7t)9 

.760 

.653 

.H)7 

1      81.0 

8S.r) 

'    7t».5 

9  1 

26 

.721 

.774 

,mi 

.113 

'      83.9 

8S.0 

81.2 

6.8 

27 

.700 

.717 

.630 

.117 

,      82.9 

87.0 

'    79.5 

75 

28 

.6t)3 

.731 

.638 

.ov«> 

82.5 

87.2 

.    79.8 

7.4 

29 

.717 

.763 

.661 

.102 

83.6 

■      8S.5 

i    71).6 

8.9 

30 

.767 

.831 

.706 

.125 

81.9 

91.0 

8<).0 

11  0 

31 

.800 

.859 

.743 

.116 

.      83.6 

1      89.0 

1    8n.8 

82 

The  Mean  Heiglit  of  tlie  Barometer,  as  lilce\vi«e  tW  Dry  nnJ  Wet  llulH 
Tliermometer  Means  are  derived,  from  the  Lourly  ob«ei*Tatl<Hv>!»^\svt6A.^  v>K.  ^vNa^ 
several  hours  during  the  day. 


HeieoYoloffiml  OhermtfimB, 


% 


AiUtaci  uf  ike  Ue9Hli4i  i}f  the  ilunrl^  Mtle^mh^tjlcal  Oi^setmili^HW 

Uiken  ai  $he  Suvpegor  Gene/at^e  Office^  GdtmiiBf 

in  ihe  moniA  pf  Aug  mi  1S7L 

Pttlljf  Meit0Sj  49*  of  tJie  OUierrtitioiTs  »Dd  of  ilie  Hygroni«trioal  elemeuiv  ^ 
depc'  ltd  en  t  Uiet^oii . — fOfuiiu  tt^dj 


hm 

** 

-^ 

iff 

^ 

1^ 

c  e  a 

.    , 

• 

1          ^ 

H 

-a 

.9 
Q 

4i 

1 

1-^ 

pi,  m 

11 

m 

&i:a 

C    fii     M 

a 

0 

O 

0 

IiieLet. 

T.gr, 

T.ir, 

4 

1 

mi 

03 

77,6 

1.4 

0.926 

10,03 

0.44 

0.961 

8 

79.5 

1.4 

785 

2.4 

.955 

.31 

J9 

m^ 

i 

8o.a 

2.6 

78.6 

4.4 

J65 

.27 

1.6:S 

.87    ' 

4 

BL^ 

3.2 

79.il 

5.4 

.070 

.40 

Jl 

;M 

f 

8^.1 

2.8 

80.1 

4.8 

1.005 

.73 

.76 

.m 

e 

mA 

2J} 

ao.a 

4.4 

Oil 

.82 

.60 

M7 

f 

BLS 

2.5 

79.6 

4J 

0986 

.57 

.53 

.97 

B 

8a,7 

1.4 

79J 

2A 

.992 

.68 

0.83 

.9S 

9 

8L1 

1.5 

8D.0 

2.6 

1.001 

,75 

.93 

.92 

10 

81.1 

2.7 

79.2 

4.6 

0.976 

.46 

1.66 

,m 

11 

§M 

2.3 

79,5 

3.9 

.986 

.57 

,39 

.88 

12 

81.^ 

2-0 

79.8 

3.4 

.995 

.69 

.m 

.90 

13 

mM 

2J 

79.1 

3.7 

.973 

.46 

*30 

.6$ 

14 

81.6 

2J 

79.9 

3.9 

.998 

.69     1 

.41 

.88 

IB 

§0,8 

l.tt 

79.7 

%7 

.99S 

.66 

0.96 

,92 

16 

79.0 

1.0 

78.3  , 

1.7 

.919 

J4 

.57 

.96 

17 

79.7 

2.4 

78.0 

4.1 

.910 

.11 

L40 

.88 

13 

m.B 

3.8 

77.5 

6.5 

.928 

9.93 

2.2S 

.ei 

19 

81.4 

2.2 

79.9  1 

3.7 

,998 

10.69 

1.S4 

J9 

»> 

83.4 

3J 

78.2 

6J 

,944J 

.35 

J5 

.86 

91 

79.ti 

2.0 

78.2 

3.4 

.9i^ 

.19 

.15 

.90 

n 

79/J 

24 

77.3 

4.1 

.919     1 

9.90 

J7 

.88 

«:? 

79-Q 

2J 

77.0 

4.8 

.910 

.79 

.61 

.86 

2& 

8ao 

3.4 

77.6  1 

6.8 

.928 

.95 

2.01 

.83 

23 

BhA 

3J  1 

77.7 

6.3 

.931 

.98 

.19 

m 

16 

BLd 

2.({  1 

79.5 

41 

.986 

10.67 

1.56 

M 

»7 

SO.J. 

2.5  1 

78.0 

4.3 

.958 

.30 

.49 

.87 

sa 

Bh2    1 

23  1 

78.6 

3.9 

.958 

.30 

.34 

^9 

S9 

8*1.3 

BM  1 

78.0 

5JJ 

.940 

.07 

.96 

.84 

90 

81.0 

3.9 ; 

78.  :i 

6.6 

.049 

.14 

2.36 

.81 

SI 

80.4    1 

ass  1 

7a2 

6.4 

.946 

.15 

1.88 

.84 

LU  tiie  Hjgrometrical  element  «xe  oom^^^l^d  b^  tbs  Qreeuwieh  Conitaiilifca> 


Meteorological  Observatiou9. 


Ahntraci  of  the  llesnJls  of  the  Uonrlif  Meteorotoffical  Olfseirafio 
taken  at  the  Snt-reifor  GeneraVs  Office^  Calcuttn^ 
i%  the  mouth  of  Angu$i   J  871. 


Hoiirlj  Meann,  ke,  of  tlie  01)ser7ationfi  and  of  tlio  Hjgrometrical  eUm 
dependent  tliereoa. 


Hour, 


Mid- 
night. 

1 

2 

4 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 


Noon. 
1 
2 
2 

4 
« 

7 

6 

9 

10 

11 


^1 


Kanf;^  of  tin*  Bi*ran>el*r 

for  eaHi  liour  dudug 

the  tnoiiili. 


Mast. 


Mfn. 


Dim 


Incheg. 


29.620 
.610 
.600 
.589 
.580 
.588 
.601 
.615 
.630 
.641 
.645 
.637 


.602 
.581 
.565 
.500 
.500 
.561 
.579 
.600 
.622 
.637 
.637 


IncheR. 


29.820 

.813 
.806 
.794 
.781 
.787 
.794 
.800 
.820 
.838 
.859 
.841 


.825 
.791 
.770 
.753 
.743 
.746 
.767 
.773 
.7i)7 
.815 
.827 
.837 


Inclicff. 


29.423 
.411 
.399 
.388 
.366 
.371 
.399 
.409 
.421 
.429 
.423 
.422 


.410 
.401 
.387 
.382 
.369 
.3(59 
.385 
.394 
.403 
.422 
.427 
.439 


fncheii. 


0.397 
.4^)2 
.407 
.406 
.415 
.416 
.895 
.391 
.399 
.409 
.436 
.419 


.415 
.390 
.383 
.371 
.384 
.377 
.382 
.379 
.394 
.393 
.400 
.398 


81.4 
81.2 
810 
80.8 
80.6 
80.5 
80.5 
81.0 
82.0 
83.2 
84.2 
85.4 


85.9 
85.9 
80.4 
85.8 
85.6 
85.1 
83.7 
82.7 
82.5 
82.1 
81.7 
81.5 


HfinK*^  of  I  tin  Ti'Mi 
hrro  fur  i'flrli  hn 
^hiring   thi<  m*>\\ 


Mh%. 


84.0 
83.8 
83.4 
83.2 
83.0 
82.9 
82.7 
83.8 
85.0 
86.8 
87.8 
89.0 


89.2 
91.0 
91.3 
90.6 
91.0 
88.4 
87.6 
86.6 
86.0 
84.5 
84.3 
84.0 


m\u,   \ 


78.5 
7H.6 
7H.8 
7H.fl 
7H.5 
77.5 
77.5 
78.0 
78.8 
78.8 
79.1 
79.0 


78.9 
78.7 
78.8 
79.5 
79.6 
78.6 
78.0 
78.8 
79.0 
79.0 
78.2 
78.7 


The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  \ 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived  from  the  obserrations  made  at  the  le 
)u>urs  during  the  mouth. 


ku 


MeU^r^fopemi  fMi^rmAfw^^ 


iu  ike  mon/A  of  AuguU  1871. 

Hflttf^jf  MenTii,  A<*«  of  tli©  OljS(*t'Ttrtioiiii  mul  of  tlie  IFj^rometriral  v\t>nn*n\n 
d r [lend ev)  t  1 1  »c« rcon . — f Cortfitt ttedj 


Hour. 


I 


;3 


.3 

fl4 


1 

I 


• 

Cr 

o 

iina^ 

Oigllt. 

80,1 

1.3 

X 

80.0 

1.S 

d 

ns 

1.1 

a 

70.8 

1.0 

4 

79.6 

1.0 

5 

706 

0.9 

6 

7a& 

1,0 

7 

7afl 

la 

8 

80.2 

1.8 

9 

80.0 

2,a 

10 

80.8 

S.4 

11 

8L3 

41 

IVoon. 

8L5 

4.4 

1 

8L6 

4.4 

2 

8K7 

4.7 

3 

BL3 

4.6 

4 

8LG 

4.0 

6 

81J 

3.9 

6 

80J 

3J> 

X 

s^i.d 

2.4 

8 

80,4 

2.1 

9 

8»13 

L8 

10 

mi 

If) 

11 

80.0 

iJ 

79.3 
7fi.S 
7».l 
79.1 
78.9 
79.0 
78J 
mi 
78.9 
7H3 
78.4 
78.4 


78.4 
78.4 
78.4 
7a  I 

78.8 
78.5 
78.6 
78.0 
78.9 
79.0 
79.0 
78.9 


I 

^  J, 


s 

Li 


>i' 


2.2 
%0 
1.9 
1.7 
1.7 
L§ 
L7 
1.9 

an 

4.4 
5.8 
7.0 


7.5 
7.6 
8.0 
7.7 
6.8 
B.6 
5.1 
4.1 
B.6 
31 
27 
2.6 


Tttdi^a. 

Xgf, 

OJ76 

mm 

.975 

S2 

-973 

M 

S7B 

.49 

.967 

.43 

.970 

.46 

.964 

.40 

.973 

.49 

.9ft7 

.41 

.9fi4 

.36 

.953 

.19 

-9m 

.17 

.952 

.15 

MS 

J5 

.952 

.15 

.943 

.06 

.9iiU 

.29 

.955 

.21 

,9d8 

.28 

J58 

.30 

,957 

.39 

.970 

.41 

,970 

.44 

,967 

.41 

.7'^ 

,72 
.91 

.77 
.47 
.36 

1.79 
.43 
.25 
.07 

0.93 
.90 


.70 
•7t 
.78 
.78 
.81 
,81 
.8S 
.8§ 

.91 
M 
M 


.  ihe  H  jgrometrical  olemeuU  are  computed  by  the  Greenwich  ConstaDte* 


Meteorohgical  OhHervafionB, 


]xiii 


Ahafraci  of  the  BetuJU  of  the  llourlij  Mefeorologiral  Observadont 
Uiken  at  the  Surveyor  GeneraVn  ^ff^^^y  CulcuUa, 
in  the   month    of    Avijuat  1871. 
Solar  Radiation,  Wcatlior,  «fec. 


Ji 

1^ 

Wind. 

Prevailing 
directioo. 

1 

2  136.0 

146.0 

4  147.5 
6 

6 

7 

8 
9 


147.3 
!  128.0 

133.0 


10  149.2 


111  144.6 


12 
13 

14 
15 


129.7 
138.2 

152.0 
145.2 


Inc'lii 
2.23  jS  &  S  by  E 

0.04   SbyE&SbyW. 

...     SbyW,E&8W. 

...     S  W,  W&WSW. 

VS. 

...     WSW,WbyxN& 

1.12  N&ENE. 

0.04  N  E  &  E  N  ] 

0.30  E  <&  S  E 
0.56   S  E  <&  8  S  E 


0.03  SE4&ESE. 


iir 


1.4 


AiiU-N 
120.4 

83.6 


39.2 

94.2 
111.3 

97.6 

245.7 


General  aiipcot  of  ilio  Sky, 


0.53 

0.60 
0.25 

0.56 


S  S  E,  E  <&  8 

[b^N 
EbyS.ENE&E 

SbyE,  S8E&S 

S  by  E  A  8 
SbyW,S&SSW 


1.6    272.3 
210.3 


181.1 


181.4 

145.3 

202.7 

235.2 
102.9 


\i  Cirri,—!  Strafci,  "^i  Cumuli,  V-\  Cirro-atratv 
W  Cirro-cumuli,  B  clear,  S  stratoui,  O   < 


I  O  to6  iMf.,  'N-i  aftorwariln. 
li  from  1}  A.  M.,  to  0  1*.  M. 

^    to  1    W   M.,  clotKlN  nl'  illT- 

fereni  kimlN  nftorwArclM.  Li^Ut 
R  from  0  to  9  A.  M., 

M  to7  A.M.,  ^iiilVrwnnln. 
T  at  OJ  A  His  M.  L  mi  N  VV 
at  8  p.  M.  I)  ntftji  f.  M. 

\i  to  8  A.M..VI  to  7a.m./  I 
afUTwardi.  ii  on  N  nl  II  pm, 

\i  to  8  A.  M„  c'loucUnlMir. 
fi^rrnt  kifuU  al'tormirdw.  I  Hi 

MA  10  I*.  M.   \)\\\{S\   V,   M. 
Vi  A  '•  I  f^)  fl  |».  M.  ()  Mllof. 

wardn.  T  at  loj  a.  m.  I<  nl  il 
P.M.  Unt  101  AM.  1.  HA  M  t«M. 

(^*1oiu1m  oI'  vrifiouM  kiiuU  ti 
at  niidniKlit.  hUht  U  m  mid. 
niKbt7t  A.  M.,  IJ.  nj.fir  li  ivm. 

0  Jj  on  N.  VV.  «t  N  f.  M. 
Slight  It  nl'(iirint<Tvni«. 

()  to  U  A.  M.,  '  i  lo  N  i«,  M. 
H  artorwnnU.  T  «t  lUi  a.  m. 
A  a  1*.  M.  hnl  N  A  U  f.  M.  It 
at  niidni»{lit,  1.  a.  N  a.  M.  I  A 
3  p.  M. 

O  loH  A.  M.,  '   ilo7  IV  M.  H 

aftiTward*.  'J^  at  121  a.  m,  Ii 
tit7.  9  A  II  p.  M.  SliMJit  Hat 
2  A.  M.,  A  21  p.  M. 

H  to  8  A.  M.,  'I  to  5  p.  M. 
S  alli^rwHrdw.  T  nt  4,V  A  p,  m. 
L  at  uiidni»(lit,  4a  M  .  N,!bP 
P.M.  Hat  7.  Ha.  Mm  A  a  p.  m. 

Chiofly      i   h  at  niidniKlit, 

1    A.    M.,  7  A  H  p.   M.   I(  Hi  tl), 

9}.  11,  12i  A.  M.,  UAAp,  M. 

O  to  U  A.  M..(OotidNordil'. 
f<rf*ntkiiidMat'U*rwardH.SIii(|ii 
H  at  4.  5i,  10.  11  A.  M..  1.4 
A  5  p.  M. 

S  to  10a.m.,  'M aftnwnrdn. 
Lon  W  at  5  A.  m.  Dal  Hp.m. 

\ito6  A.  M.  ()  to  10  A.M.. 
'^i  to  3  p.  M.  O  al'trTwardn. 
T  at  5^  p.  m..  Slight  It  from  A 
to  12  A.  M.  Aai<fi^yi-^.>k. 


kwr 


JMearoUffiml  OUervatim^^* 


Jisiraet  ^  Ike  Ee9ulU  rf  ike  Hourly  MeUarahgkal  0k9«mAUm^ 

taken  at  tke  Surveys  GeneraPs  OJlce,  Calcutta, 

in   tke  montk  €f  AuguMt  1871. 

Solar  Hadiation,  Weatber,  k,c. 


SJ 


1:5 


WlKB. 


PreTailing 
direction. 


si 


General  aspect  of  tlia  Sl^. 


ir  141.6 
Id  146.0 


19 

21 
22 


24 

25 
26 
27 


SO 
81 


115.0 
128.0 

141.8 

126.6 

150.5 

150.0 

149.6 
135.0 
144.0 

137.8 

144.5 
153.2 
137.0 


1  UCjltfK 

1.01 


0.92 


0.02 

2.69 
0.16 

0.02 


0.19 
0.30 

0.25 
0.07 
0.22 


ssw 

SSWASbyW 

8,SWASbjW 

S  S  W  A  8  by  W 
SbyW&SW 

S  S  W  &  S  b J  W 

W  8  WAS  8  W 

WAS  W 

SW,WbyS&W 

s  w&ss  w 
sw 

S  W,  S  A  S  S  W 

S  S  W  A  S  by  E 

SbyE,  S8EAS 

SA  SSE 

[W 
SbyE,SSEASby 


U) 
1.0 


1.5 


0.4 


Milei> 
133.0 


178.0 


157.9 


73.8 
87.8 

96.5 

194.7 


98.5 


84.4 


73.4 
53.9 
73.6 


102.5 


85.0 


50.9 


80.6 


O  to  6  P.  M.  8  aftenrar^iR. 
Slight  E  from  Z\  a.  m.,  to  6 
p.  M. 

O  to  10  A.  M..  '^i  to  7  p.  M. 
O  afterwards.  T  A  L  betwe«  n 
7A8r.  it.B  at  1,8  A.ai.»  A 
from6i  to  11  p.  k. 

\i  A  \-i  to  9  A.  M.,  ^i  to 

4  p.  H.  8  to  7  P.  M.  BatV 
terwards.  L  at  Hi  p.  M 

8.  Lig^t  £  at  6  ▲.  M.    . 

S.  L  on  N  between  mid- 
night A  1  A.  M. 

Chiefly  O.  B  from  l\  to  19 
A.  If.,  A  5  to  11  p.  M.   . 

O  to  12  a.m.,  ^ito9p.n. 

0  aflerwards.  L  on  W  at  8  A 
9  P.M.  Slight  E  at  2,  3, 6|,  91 
12i  ▲.  M.,  A  11  p.  M. 

Oto8A.M.,'^i  A  WtoSp.M. 

5  afterw^ards.  Light  E  at  mid- 
night 1  A  7  A.  M. 

Oto3A.M.  Sto8A.M.,  v-i 
A  \i  to  7  p.  M.  S  afterwards. 
D  at  5  A  8^  A.  M. 

Chiefly  S.  L  at  11^  P.  M.  D 
at  6  A  8  A.  M. 

Clouds  of  different  kinds. 
L  at  midnight.  D  at  10  a.  M. 

S  to  9  A.  M.,  \i  to  5  p.  M. 
S  afterwards.  Slight  E  from 
5^  to  7  p.  M. 

Clouds  of  different  kinds  to 
3  p.  M.  S  to  8  p.  M.,  \i  after- 
wards. T  at  3  p.  M.  Slight  B 
at  4i,  12  A.  M.,  2  A  3  p.  m. 

B  to  5  A.  M..  "^i  to  7  P.  M. 
B  afterwards.  E  at  11^  a.  m.» 

1  A  4^  p.  M. 
\i  to  8  A.M.,  ^i  afterwards. 

T  from  9  to  11  p.  M.  L  from 
6i  to  10  p.M.SlightEat  8iPM. 
\i  to  7  A.  M., '  i  afterwards. 
T  at  1  A  3  p.  M.  Slight  E  at 
12^  A.  M..  li  3,  6  A  7  P.  M. 


rri, — i  Strati,  '^  i  Cumuli,  \— i  Cixto-%twA.\,  rN_\  Cumulo-atrati,  v^>i  Nimbi, 
wo-cumuli,  B  dear,  8  atraionx,  O  o^excaaV.*  1  ^^aisidA^,\A\w^\s&i&i%, , 
m.  D  dnzzlii. 


Meteorological  Observations,  Ixr 

Atjstract  of  the  Uestdts  of  the  Hourly  Mefeorofngical     Ofjitervations 
laieu  at  the  Stir  vet/or  General' jf  Office,  Gilcntta, 
in   the  month    of  August    1871. 

MOMTHLT    HbSULTS. 


Inclii'8. 

Mean  lieiglit  of  tlic  Baroniet«»r  for  tlie  montli...               ...  ...  29. (in:) 

Max.  ]iei)?1it  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  10  a.  m.  on  tlio  31st.  ...  29.859 

Min.  height  of  tlie  Barometer  occurred  at    4  p.m.  on  the  8th.  ...  29.859 

£rlreme  range  of* the  Barometer  during  the  mouth          ...  ...  ().5<H) 

!Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Pressures      ...             ...             ...  ...  29.1154 

Ditto        ditto       Min.         ditto          ...             ...             ...  ...  29.515 

JUean  dailg  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month    ...  ...  0.109 


o 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month        ...              82.9 

Max.  Temperature  occurred  at  2  p.  h.  on  the  11th.               91.3 

Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  5  <&  6  a.  h,  on  the    1st 77.5 

JSxtreme  range  oi  the  Temperature  during  the  month         l:{.8 

Mean  of  the  daily  Max.  Temperature  ...             ...                 87.3 

Ditto       ditto        Min.        clitto,        ...             ...                 80.0 

Mean  daily  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month...            ...  7.3 


Mean  Wet  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month     ...            ...            ...  80.5 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer  2.4 

Computed  Mean  Dew-point  for  the  month          ...             ...             ...  78.8 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ...  4.I 

Inches. 

Mean  Elastic  force  of  Vapour  for  the  month    ...  ...  ...    0.964 


Troy  grain. 

Mean  Weight  of  Vapour  for  the  month  ...  ...  ...     10.36 

Additional  Wei  eh  t  or  Vapour  required  for  complete  saturation    ...       1.43 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  saturation  being  unity  0.88 

o 
Mean  Max.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  ...  140.6 


Inchei. 


Eained  28  days, — Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  hours       ...  ...     2.69 

Tot*l  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...  12.11 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge*  attaclied  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month        ...  ...  ...  ...  ...10.68 

Prevailing  direction  of  the  Wind S  ^'^  »  ^"^.^^  . 

•  Height  70  feci  10  mcV-  -^^^-^  'gtoixai^. 


kn 


MekoroU^ieal  Oitervalioia, 


I 


4i    ^ 


^UO  UfBJf 

1 

a 

" 

o 

_ 

? 

'O 

o 

^ r^                                                - 

1 

f^                                                     f-4 

IF^'Si  i-«                                                                       1^ 

a 

^ 

■P^^pi^^     t-^         ^p^.^,^' 

^ 

jS 

■UVi  lUll|j 

iHi    i-l                                      |i^                                                                                                         -^^— 

■f-i 

no  ntu^i 

tto  Uinj:]' 

aa:sa\ 

_JAVJf 

no  nnij] 

^-ti-^^HpHI'<«M'^r<r<<«H99  9l9i0&'3Si9ii^*-4^                          " 

^                                           -^*:«W 

iM                               ^^_4M.pi4Hr^        .H'A^d^P-i«^P4-»f4p^  ' 

fD  ■«» 

»^^                          IP^                  «-#                  ^                          _^                 T^    '                          1 

5  u 

I- 

-N   91  m9l  tllflM'Mr^P4*-P-»       ,Mi^  ^        ^^  »  ri  ^  t^  ^ 

^                                                                ,--f  _^  ™ 

«0   lO  14)  kits  1^  'I*  P3  rt  '34       ^  OEUT  -  r:  ::  -  r^  t-:  -^  o  -^  -^  ^~ 

»-(  *-^  ^  ^  t<l  "W  -^  -H  »-«  fl  ?**  Tl  ^  ■^  ^  —  —   :  1  tl  --         —  --i^ 

eo   ^  lOiO  4i9  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  5S >.  ^tH^'^^i-f  .r  --  -  -  ^  ^ 

s? 

^-^^^^^                    _,                 ^ 

fiOeiS5»&Bqw#-#^»©^9*l                  ^ajij-*t^*.^_>i^»^^^ 

f-4  fMi  irt  pH        ■-«  i-f                           r^:                          .jci  _  ^^ 

"03  "we*:  s*>^OT  ■«  «  'if  95  -19  '^  ^  — i  -s^  lo  "Wi  M  to  i**  i*^'  is  ?t  -*  :!^ 

^             Oi  ^  M  ^1        ,^  -.^  ^  -M  ^  -^  *i  "W  •^        -^ 

^« 

Mio  uiirji 

ir 

H  ^1  *^ 

«  iO    IS  lO  kO  <^  U3  -^  ^  r»  H^  ^  ^1  ^  >3^  o4  9|^  93  93  <i>  ^  IQ  ^  7) 

^[  y 

no  NrT?|J 

^^             ip^                         ,^^f;4„^-|                   ^ 

^    OS 

ee  u 

o  -^  ^1  ^  rt  «  rt     «-t  9'i  *f  lo  s  *f  ??  *»  '^)  >i  ^  -f  ^1  rt  ^  ^  ^ 

d  c 

11 

■^^  'R  ':*? 

'->— i^i^^ii-*      *— ^p-i                      ^«^ 

ii<)  wi^jf 

1— ( 

s  ^q  ■% 

i^-ii^is^p-^r^»-«isa     ^         F^      F^*-ii^#-< 

'UO  arir)f 

■                   ^                 **  -          « 

*>T 

rM                      p^^^e^^^Pjiip^,^^                ^                             ^ 

ua  urn)! 

^Nl                p^      *^ 

.».2 

*H               ^                     »H(J^^H,Hii-*,P-ip^                            #^ 

:t 

'iiu  u!«>f 

^    P^iM                            Q«                     ^                                               *-* 

-5 

^   ^«>1^       r-lrt»MO«e«^                                    ^»i^       ^--* 

i 

wm                              ^                                    C4 

^:t\s: 

^                     ,^,-,,^^^p^              ^^,-4^#^^                   04^^ 

■flo  niTrj.f 

be 

a 

•no  ntaji' 

r^ 

4 

•4  Atj-jf 

^i*i-4         •*« 

m 

■UO  nieir 

iH 

9» 

2 

'KT 

•M'i^iP^i-^P^^^tHi                                                           *^                W^^Mlip^rMl^H 

^ 

•jnojf 

^  •^  f-^  e*  «  ^  lo  to  !?•  (»  oa  o  ^^  -^  «i  cc  'f  »o  '^  t- «  ci  '^  "* 

Meteorological  Olservatiofis. 


Ixvii 


AbHraci  of  the  liesulls  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 

taken  at  the  Survegor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the  month  oj  September   1871. 

Latitude  22°  33'  V  North.    Longitude  88°  20'  34"  East. 

Height  of  the  Cistern  of  the  Standard  Barometer  above  the  sea  level,  18.11  feet. 

Daily  Means,  &c.  of  the  Observations  and  of  the  Hjgrometrical  elements 
dependent  thereon. 


1%^ 

Maiige  of  the  Barometer 

3  ^     , 

Kange  of  IheTtMiitKra- 

a-- 

during  the  day. 

tiiredu) 

■Jng  the 

a«j. 

Bai€. 

Mas, 

Mia. 

DiE 

Mfti, 

Miu. 

Diff, 

luchet. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

29.755 

29.837 

29.668 

0,169 

63.3 

86.6 

80.8 

57 

% 

,707 

,765 

.627 

.1138 

83.6 

88J 

80  JS 

7,9 

% 

.084 

.732 

-649 

,083 

83.9 

87,2 

8L5 

5.7 

4 

,im 

.755 

.627 

.128 

83.3 

91.0 

79.0 

12.0 

G 

727 

,778 

.670 

,108 

8L2 

87.7 

7H.0 

9.7 

e 

.714 

.765 

.641 

.124 

BL7 

86.5 

79.0 

7.6 

r 

.673 

.736 

.674 

,162 

82,0 

87,4 

78.5 

8,9 

8 

.612 

.678 

.613 

.166 

84.3 

90.8 

78.8 

12,0 

9 

.558 

,611 

Am 

.131 

83.6 

88.6 

81.4 

7.1 

10 

.563 

,616 

.490 

,120 

S2.4 

67.1 

79.(> 

8.1 

11 

.5441 

J09 

,475 

,134 

82.4 

88.4 

80.0 

8.4 

12 

.528 

M% 

.470 

.113 

79.8 

8L6 

78.6 

2,9 

13 

.541 

Mn\ 

MH 

.112 

79,9 

BiJi\ 

77,8 

6.2 

14 

.61)5 

.673 

Ml 

.116 

8(18 

83.7 

78.6 

6.2 

16 

.660 

,im 

,       .616 

xm 

82.2 

86.2 

78.2 

*^.0 

16 

.611 

,695 

.574 

.121 

83.1 

87.6 

79.6 

H.l 

17 

.614 

sm 

,569 

.087 

82.1 

85.0 

79,5 

6.6 

18 

.622 

.tm 

.569 

.093 

81.6 

gS.4 

79.3 

9.1 

19 

J40 

.6i>9 

.564 

J35 

82.6 

88.7 

78.6 

KU 

20 

.693 

.746 

.6^6 

.120 

83.7 

88.8 

80.2 

8.6 

21 

,681 

.747 

.604 

.143 

B4.3 

89.9 

80,8 

9.1 

n 

.655 

.698 

.591 

.107 

82.1 

88.0 

7f*.6 

8.5 

23 

.649 

,699 

.601 

.093 

80.5 

82.6 

79.6 

ZA 

21 

,726 

.833 

.643 

.100 

80.4 

83.3 

79.1 

4,2 

2.5 

.81 M3 

,873 

,72<) 

.163 

82.8 

87.9 

78.5 

9.4 

26 

,7fHl 

.836 

,745 

.091 

82.5 

87.8 

78.6 

9.3 

27 

.81)9 

.857 

.764 

m*^ 

8;].4 

88.7 

78.7 

10.0 

28 

,812 

,884 

,739 

,145 

84.3 

89.6 

79.5 

10.0 

29 

,805 

,870 

1       ,7a 

,127 

B3.3 

87.4 

79.6 

7.8 

30 

,762 

.819 

.700 

,119 

84J 

89.8 

80.0 

9.8 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Drj  and  Wet  Bulh 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived,  from  the  hourly  oh*^T^^\Aa\i.%^\si3^^  ^^»  "^^^ 
several  hours  during  the  day. 


Ixviii 


Meteorological  Odservatiotti. 


AbHracl  of  the  Reanlls  of  the  Iloury  Meteorological  0l9ervation9 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta^ 

in  the  month  of  September   1871. 


Daily  Means,  Ac.  of  tlie  Observations  and  of  tLe  Hygrometrical  olementt 
depctulen t  iliereon . — (Continued,) 


Bate. 

f4 

1. 

1 

J 

Xi 

■4^ 

R 

p 

O 

'SI 

^  ^  s 

B^    -3    ^ 

^1 

o 

o 

P 

"4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

IncLes. 

T.gr. 

T.gr. 

1 

80.5 

2.8 

78.5 

4.8 

0.955 

10.26 

1.68 

0.86 

2 

80.5 

3.1 

78.3 

6.3 

.949 

.18 

.86 

.S6 

3 

80.8 

3.1 

78.6 

5.3 

.958 

.28 

.85 

.85 

4 

80.5 

2.8 

78.5 

4.8 

.955 

.25 

.68 

.86 

5 

79.0 

2.2 

77.5 

3.7 

.925 

9.96 

.25 

.89 

6 

79.3 

2.1 

77.6 

4.1 

.928 

.99 

.38 

.88 

7 

79.5 

2.5 

77.7 

4.3 

.931 

10.02 

.45 

.87 

8 

8<1.6 

3.7 

78.0 

6.3 

.940 

.07 

2.21 

.82 

9 

80.r. 

3.0 

7H.5 

5.1 

.955 

.25 

1.78 

.85 

10 

79.8 

2.6 

7H.0 

4.4 

.940 

.11 

.50 

.87 

11 

79.9 

2.5 

78.1 

4.3 

.94.3 

.14 

.47 

.87 

12 

79.0 

0.8 

78.4 

1.4 

.952 

.30 

0.15 

.96 

13 

79.0 

0.9 

78.4 

1.5 

.952 

.27 

.51 

.95 

U 

79.7 

1.1 

78.9 

1.9 

.9<>7 

.43 

.64 

.94 

15 

80.0 

2.2 

78.5 

3.7 

.955 

.27 

1.27 

.89 

16 

80.6 

2.5 

78.8 

4.3 

.964 

.36 

.50 

.87 

17 

80.7 

1.4 

79.7 

2.4 

.992 

.68 

0.83 

.93 

18 

80.0 

1.5 

78.9 

2.6 

.967 

.41 

.90 

.92 

19 

80.2 

2.1 

78.5 

4.1 

.955 

.27 

1.41 

.88 

20 

80.7 

3.0 

78.6 

5.1 

.958 

.28 

.79 

.85 

21 

80.8 

3.5 

78.3 

6.0 

.919 

.16 

2.12 

.83 

22 

80.0 

2.1 

78.5 

3.6 

.955 

.27 

1.24 

.89 

23 

79.1 

1.4 

78.1 

2.4 

.9W 

.18 

0.80 

.93 

2i 

79.2 

1.2 

78.4 

2.0 

.952 

.27 

.67 

.94 

25 

79.9 

2.9 

77.9 

4.9 

.937 

.06 

1.69 

.86 

2r> 

79.7 

2.8 

77.7 

4.8 

.931 

.00 

.64 

.86 

27 

79.6 

3.8 

76.9 

6.5 

.908 

9.72 

2.24 

.81 

2S 

•80.1 

4.1 

77.2 

7.0 

.916 

.81 

.4.3 

.80 

29 

80.2 

3.1 

7S.0 

5.3 

.910 

10.09 

1.81 

.85 

30 

80.2 

4.1 

77.3 

7.0 

.919 

9.84 

2.44 

.80 

AM  the  Hygrometrical  elcmcuU  aie  com^wVc^i  Vi'j  \Ai^  Gvceawich  Constauta. 


Meltorological  Oltervaliom, 


Ixix 


Ahiiraet  of  He  RaulU  of  tie  Tlourly  Meteorological  Obaervalioks 

taken  at  the  Snrvejfor  GeueraCs  Office,  Calcutta, 

i»  tke  moutk  of  September  1871. 


Hoorlj  Me«n8,  Ac.  of  the  Obserrations  and  of  Uie  Hygrometrical  elemcnla 
dependent  thereon. 


^ii 

Eange  of  ilie  Baroineter 

Bulge  af  the  Teiivprra- 

^S^ 

for  eftcU  fionr  during 

lure  for  each  hour 

tlie  mouth 

4 

during   the  luouth. 

Hour. 

M&x< 

Min, 

DLff.     j 

1^ 

M&]c. 

Miu. 

Binr. 

»a 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

o 

0 

0 

0 

Mid- 

nigUt. 

29.694 

29.837 

29.642 

0.296 

80.9 

83.6 

79.2 

4  4 

1 

.681 

.826 

.534 

.292 

80.6 

8:1.2 

79.0 

4  2 

2 

.671 

.811 

.620 

.291 

80.4 

83.0 

78.8 

42 

8 

.661 

.807 

.609 

.298 

80.2 

82.6 

78.6 

4.0 

i 

.667 

.805 

.494 

.311 

79.9 

82.0 

78.5 

3.5 

6 

.666 

.819 

.600 

.319 

79.7 

81.5 

78.2 

33 

6 

.678 

.842 

.612 

.330 

79.7 

81.5 

78.5 

3.0 

7 

.695 

.845 

.624 

.321 

80.3 

82,4 

78.0 

4.4 

8 

.714 

.866 

.566 

.310 

81.8 

84.2 

78.0 

6.2 

9 

.726 

.883 

.571 

.312 

83.4 

86.2 

77.8 

8.4 

10 

.726 

.884 

.676 

.309 

84.2 

87.4 

78.1 

J».3 

11 

.716 

.867 

.672 

.296 

86.3 

88.0 

80.0 

8.0 

Noon. 

.697 

.848 

.663 

.285 

86.2 

80.9 

79.5 

10.4 

1 

.669 

.821 

.614 

.307 

86.2 

90.6 

80.8 

9.7 

2 

.643 

.795 

.497 

.298 

86.1 

91.0 

79.6 

11.4 

3 

.624 

.776 

.470 

.306 

86.9 

1H).8 

79.6 

11.2 

4 

.620 

.764 

.480 

.284 

84.6 

89.4 

78.0 

11.4 

6 

.621 

.773 

.472 

.301 

84.0 

88.6 

78.6 

9.9 

6 

.632 

.775 

.482 

.293 

83.0 

87.2 

79.0 

8.2 

7 

.654 

.806 

.490 

.315 

82.1 

86.2 

79.0 

7.2 

8 

.679 

.822 

.616 

.307 

81.8 

85.6 

79.2 

6.3 

9 

.698 

.844 

.624 

.320 

81.6 

80.0 

79.4 

5.6 

10 

.706 

.856 

.634 

.321 

81.3 

84.3 

79,4 

4.9 

11 

.702 

.839 

.661 

.288 

81.1 

84.0 

79.3 

4.7 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likoTiisc  the  Dry  and  Wot  ]hi)b 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived  from  the  observations  made  at  the  several 
hours  daring  the  month* 


Ixx 


Meteorological  Ohervafiom. 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Uonrly  Meteorological  OlservatioM 

taken  at  the  Survejfor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the  month   of  Septemher  1871. 

Hourly  Means,  Ac.  of  tlie  Observations  and  of  the  Hygrometrical  elements 
dependent  tliereon. — (Continued.) 


Hour. 


I 


O 


t5 

I 

B 
o 
Q 


a 


^' 


li 

ill 


o 

Mid^ 

niglit. 

79.0 

1 

79,4 

2 

701 

3 

79.  L 

4 

78.9     ' 

6 

78.8 

6 

78.8 

7 

7S*.3 

a 

80.0 

9 

80.4 

10 

80.4 

11 

81.0 

Ifoon. 

8L2 

1 

8LI 

2 

81.2 

3 

8L2 

4 

60.6 

6 

60.5 

6 

8<K2 

7 

79.9 

8 

79.7 

9 

79.8 

111 

79.7 

11 

7aJ 

IJ 

1.2 

1.2 
1.1 
1-0 
0.9 
0.9 
1.0 
LS 
SJJ 
3.8 
4.3 


5.0 
5J 
4-9 
4.7 
4.0 
35 
2.8 
2.2 
2.1 
1.8 
IJ 
1.4 


78.7 
78.6 
78.'i 
78.3 
78.2 
78.2 
78.2 
7AM 
78  7 
7H.3 
777 
7^.0 


77.7 
77.5 
77.8 
77.9 
77.8 
7^,0 
78J 
78.4 
78.2 
78.5 
78.G 
78,7 


2.2 

2,0 
2.0 
1.9 
1.7 
1.5 
1.5 
1.7 
3.1 
6.1 
6.5 
7.3 


R.5 
8.7 
8.3 
8.0 
6.8 
6.0 
4.8 
3-7 
3.6 
3.1 
27 
2.4 


IncLei, 

T  gr. 

0.961 

10,37 

.938 

.34 

,952 

.27 

.949 

.24 

.946 

.21     1 

.940 

.21 

.946 

.21 

.958 

.34 

.9(11 

.35 

.919 

.18 

mi 

9.96 

S4^} 

10.05 

.931 

9.92 

.1125 

.86 

.934 

.97 

.937 

lO.OO 

,934 

9,99 

,9W 

10.07 

,0443 

,15 

.952 

.23    1 

.916 

.17 

.955 

.29 

.958 

.32 

.      .961 

,37 

T.gr. 


0.73 

0.93 

.67 

.91 

.67 

.94 

.64 

,94 

,57 

.95 

.51 

.95 

.51 

.95 

.57 

.95 

1.05 

,91 

,78 

.85 

2.28 

.81 

.59 

.80 

3*07 

.76 

.13 

.76 

2.98 

.77 

.87 

.78 

.40 

.81 

.10 

.83 

1,67 

m 

.23 

,05 

0.92 

,80 


.91 
.92 

.93 


All  the  Hygrometrical  elements  are  computed  by  the  Greenwich  Constants. 


^^^^^^^^^r          Nekorolo^tcal  Olservailom,                               Ixxt  ^H 

^^L^AbHract  of  the  RtftulU  of  the  Houd^  Mefeorah^iml  ObservaiwH^         J 

^^^H                 laJten  at  Ike  Snrviyor  General*^  Qffire,  Oileulfa,                  ^H 

^^H                             in  ike   wonik    of    September  187L                         ^^B 

Solar  Jliidiutioru  Weather,  &.c,                                     ^l^^l 

^^^HTi^ 

% 

i>                                       %VlNP.                                                                                                             ^1 

P       1 

.  la 

5  *!  1 

Gencrnl  aspcefc  of  tlio  Sky«  ^H 

Prevailing 

Daily   ' 

Velocity. 

H         ^ 

Indies 

lb 

Miles 

^^H 

^^li  M7.2 

... 

S  by  W  &  S  8W. 

... 

22.8 

S  to  2  A.  H.,  \i  to  8  A.  ll.«^H 

^i  to  4  p.  if„  \i  artcrwiirda^^H 

iD  ail  P.M.                                ^M 

^^l^  140.5 

,„ 

S  by  W  Jt  S  S  W 

1.0 

C5.7 

\i  to  2  A.  IT.  S  t-o  4  p.  M.»  \i  ^M 
&  v„i  nriorwiird»4.  II  at  H  a,m*^H 

H      s;  ia7*G 

«.* 

S  by  W  &  S  S  W 

*  •« 

101.1 

\i  In  2  A.  M.  S  nt'torwartb.^H 

|L  on  S  W  at  7  .V^  H  v,  m.          ^B 

H       4 

l&l.O 

3.25 

Sbj  w&sw 

2.1 

M6.0 

I     8  Ui  7  4.  M  .  -  i  to :)  w  M.  O  ^H 
alUTwnrd^,   Brisk  wind  at  .H}  ^H 
p,  M.  T  at  4  Si  iVnti)  121  a.  m,,  H 
to  a  P.M.  L  at  1  K,  M.,  .^  t'roni  ^M 
4  to  H  F.  u.  llonxy  H  trcnn  a}  ^H 
to  4^  p.  Bt.,  ^  Hli],Hii  It  tVom  ^1 
4i  to  11  p.  11.                              ^H 

H 

117.0 

1.28  |S  W  &  8  by  W 

13 

75J 

\i  to  6  A,  M.^V-i  tolHA.  If,         ] 

'-i  to  3  p,  M.   o   aftcrvvanl^,.  ^J 

BriHk   ^ind  at  3^  r.  M.  Tat  ^| 

3}    ct  5    p.  If.  Lat6  1*.  II.  li«H 

from  IJ  to  1>  p.  M.                      ^H 

^H 

160.6 

0.35 

S  by  WAS 

41.0 

()  to  1)  A,  H..Vt  to  10  a.  lf.,^^1 

"ilo6  p,   u.    S   arti'r\vard«r^H 
8li;.;ht  K  from:)  to r> .1  al  U\  a.h .  ^1 

^^■^ 

IU.5 

0.20 

SJtSbyE 

OJ 

125.1 

S  U>2A.M.,''ito<U.WM^ito(3a^| 
p.  M.  BaiYiTwardi.  Hat  4p.it.^H 

^^^6 

14S.8 

■** 

S  Jit  S  by  E 

i  *» 

44.9 

B    Ui6  4.  M.,  \i  t-O  H  A,  M,,^^l 

"i  aft  or  ward"*  L  from  7  lo  11.        J 
?.  M.  n  At  4^  p.  M.                      ^H 

1 

148.7 

0.35 

S  by  W.  &  E  by  S 

30.2 

o  ia  i)  A.  If.,  '^i  to  5  P.  irJ^I 

0  to  S  p.  M.  S  rtftiTuardM.  L^^ 
at  midiTi|;jbt  A  7  i'.  u*  8li^'bt         ] 
li  at  ti  7,  H  A.  U,  3i  ^  7  P.M.   ^J 

^H      10 

141.0 

0.09 

E,  S  E  <S^  S  E 

0.2 

70,0 

O  to  7  A.  ir.,  \i  lo  10  A.  u.,  ^H 
'^i   to  3  p.  t(.  0  to  7  p,  u.  I)  ^1 

afrerwardfl.  Li»?ht  11  at   iL   ^1 

1      ^^ 

14L5 

0.02 

E.  S.  E.  &  E, 

0,5 

152.1 

10{,]2jA,M.,23.4,5.t<Jp,if,  ^ 
Cloud*   of  diti'iri' nt  kinds.        1 

L  at  7  A  10  p,  M.  LiL'lit  K  at  | 

lh2,  4A6p.  M.                       H 

^B 

1.26 

E  S  E  Jk  S  S.  E. 

♦  .. 

142.7 

O.  L  at  mldui^bt.  Slight  T^^H 
at  3  &  4.  from  6  a.  if.,  to  I  ^H 

1      ^^ 

129.8 

0.48 

S  S  E  A  S  by  E 

... 

99.6 

p.  H.,<S&  3  to  0  p.  M.                    ^M 
0  to  10  A.  M.  8  to  3  p.  11.  O  ^1 

afterward^.    Slight   K  nearly  ^M 

I      ^^ 

1118 

0.68 

SbyE. 

..» 

13L4 

the  whole  day.                              ^1 

Oto7A.M,Stolp.iff.O  to  7  p.        J 

M.  B  afterwards, Slight  Urrom  ^d 

1 

1 

midnight  to  7  a.m.,  i  at  5  p.m..*^H 

H      \i  Cirri.— 1  Strati,  '^i  Cumuli,  \_\  Cirfi>-ftlTat\,  '^'\e\\m\sici*^Vtti>:\,.\rsA^\x!^ 

^^W  CirrO'CiimnVi,  B  dear,  3  «tratou^^M^^^^a^^^^gJ^^ 

^^l^nuii,  D  drizzle,                             ^IH^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I 

^1      ^^^i         ^SK^r         Meieorological  Oliervaiiom,         ^H^^^^^l 

^1      Ahimct  of  the  BemlU  of  the  Uonvly  Meteoroloftcal  OUertaiiom    ^J 

^H                       iak&iL  at  the  Smi^eyor  Generates  Office,  Cakntia^                    ^H 

^H                                in   (he   month  of  September  1871.                              ^H 

^^P                                              Solar  Ujidiaiion,  Wealjier,  <&(%                                            ^^| 

^^      • 

ad  £ 

Wind. 

General  aspect  of  tbe  Sky.    ^J 

Prerniling 

1           P 

dirtcLion. 

^1 

4    0 

■ 

o 

Jtielief 

1 

tL 

MileR 

^^^1 

H  ^^ 

120.0 

0.07 

ISbyE^t  S 

'■' 

147,0 

0  to  6  A.  M.  S  to  7  p.  M.,%-i  ^1 
afterwards.  Sli^'lit  K  at  1,2»3.  ^H 
4  A.  M.,  5^  &  m\  p.  M.                 ^1 

H  ^^ 

1340 

0.16 

S  Jt  S  L  J  E 

* '  * 

216.4 

B  to  2  A.  M.  8  to 6  A.  v.,  \i   ^H 
to  9  A.  M.,  '^i  to  7  F.  IT.  B  af.   ^^ 
terwards.  Slight  Bat  4, 10  a. m.          1 
1  <&  3  p.  M. 

1  ^^ 

... 

0.27 

S4tSSE 

... 

164.3 

Clouds  of  diiTiront kinds  to 
10A.M.Oto2p.M.  Safterwards,          J 
L  on  E  from  8to  10  p.m. Slight    ^H 
B  at  2,  10,  12  A.  ».,  Mi  P.M.     ^M 

H    IB 

147.8 

0.18 

9  S  E  A  S  by  E 

1.4: 

93.2 

B  to  4  A.  M.  S  Ui  8  A.  M.,^i      ^7 
to  12  A.  H.  0  t^  7  p.  M.  B  ftf-              J 

terwards.  T  at  1  p.  h.  Sh>ht     ^M 
lUt  lU  A.  M..  1.  2  A  3  p.  M.         ■ 

H    19 

151.2 

0,3C 

SbyE^SE&SSE 

.,. 

101.6 

B  to  6  A.  M.,  -^i  to  4  p.  M.  S     ^1 

to  8  p,  M.  B  after  wards.  T  at           ] 
d  &  7  p.  M.  L  froTu  7  to  1 1  p.  M.     ,^J 

^^^^v  » 

K  rroirj6i  t4j7}  P.  M.                   H 

■T  SO 

1&3.0 

•.. 

8  S  E  &  S  E 

... 

103.9 

B   to  4  A.  M.,  V  to  8  A.  v.,     ^1 
-^i  to  6  P.  M.  B  after wai'ds.  L     ^| 
at  tiiidni^ht  A  7  p*  u.                   ^H 

21 

144,0 

*•• 

SSE«tS  E 

... 

78.8 

B  to  6  A.  M.,  \i  to  9  A.  ».,     ^1 

'^i  to  5  p.  M.  S  art+'rwarda.          ^B 

22 

l^U.O 

0.26 

SE 

... 

104.9 

\i  to  9  A.  M.,  '^i  to  1  p.  M. 
0  to  7    P.   M.   S  at*ic^rward8. 
Tatli,2.i&3p.  si.SlightR 
at  10  a.  m.,  a  from  IJ  to7p.M» 

^   23 

114,0 

0.20 

ESE,SEi;SSE 

... 

125.7 

S   to  7  A.  M,  0  afterwards. 
L  on  N  at  midnight  A  I  A.  Ki 
Shght  li  after  inti^rvals.                ^H 

Chiefly  0  Slight  II  from  1  to     H 

H   21 

■•■ 

0.36 

S  S  E  JI^SE 

t  *. 

223.8 

3,  at  BJ,  9,  101;  A.  M>  A  1  P.M. 

25 

149.2 

0.07 

SS  E  AS 

... 

167.4 

B   to  6  A.  M.,  \i  to  9  A.  M., 
-^i  to  4  P.  M..  N  i  afterwards. 
Shght  E  at  12J  A.  M 

"    26 

147.0 

0.16 

8  &  S  by  W. 

... 

133.6 

\i  to  2  A.  M.B  to  6  A.  M„\i 
&  ^i  afterwards. Eat  12 i  a.m. 

^    27 

148.8 

... 

S  by  WA  S  S  W 

... 

97.4 

\i  to  8  A.  M.,  ^i  to  4  p.  m.,     ^ 
\i  afU'rwards.                              ^H 

H   28 

147.0 

M. 

SSW.SbyW&S 

... 

09.6 

\i  to  7  A.  m.,  "^i  to  5  P.  M.    ^H 

\i  aftorwardn.                               ^H 

■  29 

140.2 

•  4  t 

S  A  S  by  W 

... 

106.1 

\i  to  6  p.  M,  B  afterward.s.     ^H 

■  au 

147.0 

■  ** 

Sby  WifeSSW 

*.* 

134.3 

\i  A  v_i  to  7  A.  M.,  \i  af-          1 

terwarda.  L  from  6i  to  8p.m*     ^J 

^Hr  Cirnt—i  Strati,  '^  i  CumuVv,  >^  Cwrofttw.\,v,  f\.\Cuv\\\vVt>*%ttaLti^  v^J  Nimbi*      ^H 

^■|firn7-cumulj.  B  clear,  S  »traiom,  O  o^qxc^aI,  "t  l\vM.\i^^«\4\vi^v^^s3aj^^H 

^^^HL   n                                                                                               ^^^^1 

MeUoTolog  ica  I  Ohscrm  (ion$. 


\t 


xui 


Abstract  of  the  Itdsnlts  of  the  flourft^  Meteorofogieal     Ohnetvatlom 
iakeii  at  the  Sun^e^or  GeueralU  Office,  Qdcntta, 
in  the  month  of  September   1871. 
Monthly  I^ksults. 


Inchcn, 

Mean  liciglit  oP  ihe  BarnTnetpr  for  the  month.,.  ,.,  „.  21)J17<S 

"Max.  heiji(lit  of  tlic  UnromckT  oceurreti  ut  10  a*  M.  on  tlifl  2Sfh.  ...  2V^>5Nl 

Min.  lieiglit  of  the  Baromot^^r  occurred  at  3  i*.  M.  on  tha  Tith.  ..,  2i*-J7<l 

^a'trrme  range  of  tLu>  Unrometcr  during  tUo  moutll  ..,  ».♦     U.  11  i  \ 

M^jin  of  the  dttilj  Mux.  rresHurcs      ...  ...  ..»  ...  2l»7:ii 

DiUo        ditto       Mill*        ditto         ...  ...  ..,  »..  2SIH1*) 

iU^eaii  i^i/y  T^aiif^e  of  tlie  Baromoter  during  the  mouth    •••  ••«    U«i2i 


Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  for  the  month        »„ 
Mttx.  Tcmpemture  oei'iirred  at  2  p.  M,  on  the  -itli, 
Min,  Tern  pe  rat  are  oei-urred  at  9  a,  m»  on  the  13th* 
Sxtt*eme  ra/tffe  of  the  Tenij^erotiire  iliirii»|^  the  month 
Mean  of  the  daily  Max*  Teni|Hnitnre .», 

Ditto       ditto         Min.         ditto. 
Mean  dailj/  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month. 


B2J' 

SM.O 
17M 

R7.3 

71».4 
7.1>, 


Mean  Wet  Btilh  Tliermometer  Tor  the  month    .,. 
Mean  Dry  Ihilb  Tliermometer  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer 
Conv[nited  Mean  Dew-point  for  the  month  ...  ,,,  ,,, 

.Menu  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  abore  computed  mean  Dew-point  .,* 


Mean  Elastic  force  of  TapoiDr  for  the  month 


Inchefi. 

...  o.\m 

Troy  ^rAif 

Mean  Weight  of  Yaponr  for  the  month  ...  ♦..  ...     Iill7 

Additional  Weight  ot    Vaponr  refjinrcd  for  pomplete  saliiration    ...       1.47 


Mean  degree  of  humidity  h^r  the  muiith.  complete  saturation  being  unity  0.87 


Mean  Max,  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  fi^r  the  month 


Eained  23  days.— Max,  fall  of  rain  during  24  hours       ,.,  ,..     3.2.> 

Total  amount  of  rain  dnrini;  the  inontli  ...  ...  ...     S*,1I3 

Total  amount  of  ruin  indieaied  by  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  thiMnonth        .„  *»,  ,,.  ...  ...    J*.2S 

rreFailing  direction  of  the  Wind S  by  W.  S.  8.  E.  $l  S. 

►IleigUJOCcet 


Ixxiv 


Meteorological  Observalioni. 


rH  g 

<M  BO 

c»  O 

^  1 

«  2 

•8  tS 


5    ^ 


^ 
6 


f  2    'HO  m 


o 

_«0 


I  5^ 
I  11 

•5  O  d   c3 
cJ   O 

t=  g 

CJ    cS 

OX 

o 


S 


g 


■s 

I 


0 
o 

to 

a 


*uo  niuji 

■UO  WW  J  J 

Al   M 

■no  ufi*}| 
mNAV 

*iid  ttiv^ 

rH  <-« 

NT^qM 

i^H(  r^ 

no  uirjj 

M 

'R  M  A\ 

UO  ntffj[ 

r-t             »p-t(p^  iH 

■no  m^ 

^              ,H  r^^H 

i-H                                           r-4  *^  i— 1 

'AV'f! 

rH,-lF-i.H— <ifH  —  -^i-t.-(tH5<)'.fC^(M-t,-«                             ,Ml-lr^ 

'UO  uvirjj 

<^  ■-«  rH'  $fl  •-<           ^^.                   1-^                                                                 1 

Av  ^q  -fi 

r-t    «-i«-Hrt,-trt^pi3^^50io(3^flQC0filQ^P«C^WGi|r-liH^H 

r^  PI  ^  ^  €4  t-1         ipH        ^                                        ,p^  r-l  <^ 

*^  *^*^.00(aq>OQO'^'^^CO»O^P9«iacr3«CQIO«!<^t^l>i 

^UO  UlttJ]^ 

f-^         ^1  1-H                 1^1                ^^         oq  ,_,  1^ 

7T  ^q  -s 

lie)  I1I1J}| 

110  uurjy 

'UO  ni"Bu 
.  ^^5  ^  '?! 

U3    ^iOU5^^^LQipi0^iaQDEDCDlOIOC*3!D^^Ud^^'^ 

— iCq^HM^                          rt              i-i-H        ,-i^i3«|e(>r^^,-iP-*©| 

« -^  c^^-^esnsaeo«-^^^coe!aioio«*050Eeip<^ioiOio 

^                i-t^           ,-4^(3q,_,P3^ei;»>iOT^^           ipi 

Ci^  l^t^®l&ii3iai£}^^ifip44MeO^ISS|iGi0^^tOqC>aa<tt 

^2          iF-ti^                                       *-1"^«M-^a^OiICQ^M?-l^i-1 

©5    lN74rH(M!^1l(J«rt-^t^COt^^^OTOTTPe(3P3^COC>3i-<iFH 

^^rt         ^„^                            ^^rt^,_j,_, 

P5pOOTOTcCrt^eoi~i                'M^0iFH«i?^^9^i?4^^iep 

*™i 

1-^  p-^                                  f^                              <-^  1— 1 1-^  *^ 

"tlQ  ui^^f 

•*^ 

■HI 

no  iiiuji 
mi  LKU^I 

'HO  WTB^J 

*uo  tinryy 

*lIO  UlB^J 

vnoH 

r^  '^^  1^  ©*  ^  ^  MS  *^  t-*  ti  0--  -^^  p^  o  1-4  *>\  efi  ^  «s  *i  1:^  Tt,  ■5i  -::»  -^ 

Meteorological  Ohenafions. 


XXT 


Abiirael  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Ot^scrvatioHS 

taken  at  the  Snrvegor  General's  OJire,  Calcntta, 

in  the  month  o/  October    1871. 

Latitude  22°  33'  V  North.    Loiigituclo  88^  20'  31''  VaxhU 

Heiglitof  tlie  Cistern  of  the  Standard  Baromct^sr  ahovo  the  son  lovol.  IH.II  r,»f»t. 

Daily  Means,  &c.  of  the  Observations  nnd  of  the  irygromclrionl  cWnionln 

dependent  thereon. 


Date. 


o  *4 


£ange  of  the  Diironicter 
during  the  dny. 


Max. 


Min. 


Inebes. 

LlcllM. 

Inches. 

1 

29.766 

29.804 

29.704 

2 

.742 

.794 

.677 

8 

.748 

.798 

.705 

4 

.773 

.827 

.727 

6 

.746 

.803 

.679 

6 

.714 

.768 

.652 

7 

.676 

.724 

.629 

8 

•702 

.760 

.653 

9 

.727 

.796 

.667 

10 

.738 

.798 

.68  i 

11 

.738 

.814 

.683 

12 

.718 

.800 

.(;06 

13 

.765 

.834 

.6(58 

14 

.853 

.903 

.795 

16 

.892 

.947 

.811 

16 

.911 

.977 

.857 

17 

.896 

.968 

.831 

18 

.888 

.951 

.832 

19 

.905 

.967 

.865 

20 

.918 

.976 

.874 

21 

.899 

.962 

.8Ui 

22 

.891 

.967 

.832 

23 

.867 

.934 

.796 

24 

.827 

.888 

.779 

25 

.691 

.771 

.627 

26 

.673 

.759 

.621 

27 

.788 

.856 

.739 

28 

.821 

.882 

.764 

29 

.879 

.939 

.836 

30 

.887 

.955 

.826 

31 

.896 

.960 

.8U 

Diff. 


fnehes. 

.117 
.ou:t 

.100 
.124 
.116 

mti 
.1(»7 
.129 
.111 
.131 

.i:u 
Am 

.108 
.106 
.120 
.137 
.119 
.112 
.102 
.120 
.125 
.138 
.109 
.144 
.135 
.117 
.118 
.103 
.129 
.116 


Nl.H 
N5.4 
86.2 
H6.0 
86.2 
86.2 
Hfl.l 
84.9 
85.1 
86.0 
82.8 
79.5 
H0.5 
80.8 
81.1) 
83.6 
82.9 
81.8 
81.2 
79.9 
80.7 
H1.7 
81.2 
74.6 
72.7 
74.1 
77.8 
78.9 
79.1 
78.7 
78.3 


Kniigo  of  the'lVtupri'a- 
tureiluiMiig  (lir  diiy. 


Mux. 


(M),4 
WW 

91  7 

92  O 
91  n 
91  N 
9(M1 
90  7 
91.5 
91.7 

8A  a 

82.0 
81  (I 

8i..:i 

88.0 
8ti8 
89.0 
H8.0 
H8.6 
87.4 
87.4 
88.3 
87.5 
78.0 
74.6 

78.0 
85.2 
86.0 
86.0 
85  0 
85.8 


Min 


81. A 
81  0 
8)10 
81  A 
8)  0 
8yo 

80  A 
79  A 
»\MI 

81  \\ 
79  A 

77  A 
78t» 

78  A 
11  ts 

79  V 
79.0 

11  y^ 
76  N 
73  5 
74.3 
76i 
77.5 
7vi.7 
71.5 
71.0 
710 
73.0 
73.7 
73  5 
71.H 


piir. 


8  9 
9(1 

9  7 
lOf^ 

Inii 

9  8 

mi 

nil 

1V6 

10  i 

AN 

4  A 

6  0 

AN 

10  A 

10  4 

loo 

no 
itr 

13  1 

n9 

10  0 
AN 

no 

U;l 

13  0 
IV  3 

11  A 
14.0 


The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  \Vet  HmII) 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived,  from  the  hourly  obserrations,  mad«  %!L  Vl^% 
•everal  hours  during  the  ^ay. 


Uxvi 


Nehorotogical  OiieiTtilwnf. 


Aistracl  of  the  IfemlU  of  ike  ITom'l^  Mtfieorola^ical  Ohei-valioui 

taken  at  the  Sntre^or  General's  Office,  Calcutta^ 

in  the  mouth  of  October   1871. 


Pftilj  Means,  Ac,  of  tlie  Obnervatioiis  aud  of  i\\e  Hj-grometrieal  eleroenta 
dfpeii tlen t  tbereon. — ( CoiithnttdJ 


Pifcte* 


^ 


^ 


a 


oca, 


£t3  S 


a 

0 

o 

I        ^ 

Inches, 

T.  gr. 

T.  gr. 

1 

8L0 

3.8 

783 

6.5 

0.919 

10.14 

232 

0.81 

2 

81.0 

4.4 

779 

7.5 

.937 

.00 

M 

.79 

d 

80.0 

62 

75.7 

10.5 

.873 

9.30 

3.69 

.72 

4 

80.2 

5,8 

76.1 

9.9 

.885 

M 

.47 

-73 

6 

80.0 

6.2 

75.7 

10.5 

.873 

.30 

.69 

.72 

6 

rvKi 

7,1 

74.1 

12.1 

.830 

8.85 

4.14 

.68 

7 

78.2 

eM 

73.4 

1K7 

.811 

.66 

3.91 

.69 

8 

78.3 

6.6 

73,7 

11.2 

,819 

.76 

.73 

.70 

& 

78.9 

6.2 

74.6 

10,5 

.843 

9.00 

.67 

.72 

10 

8o.a 

6.9 

76.1 

9.9 

.8H5 

.41 

.47 

.73 

11 

6tK5 

2.3 

78.9 

3.9 

.967 

10.39 

1.36 

.88 

12 

78,2 

1.3 

77.3 

2.2 

.919 

9.94 

0.72 

.93 

13 

78.5 

2j) 

77.1 

3.4 

«9I3 

.86 

1.12 

.90 

14 

78.6 

2.2 

774 

3.7 

.913 

.84 

.33 

.89 

15 

78.6 

3.3 

76.3 

6,6 

.890 

.67 

.87 

.84 

U 

78.3 

5.3 

74.6 

9.0 

.813 

.03 

3.<X> 

.76 

17 

76.6 

6.3 

72.2 

10,7 

.781 

8.36 

.43 

.71 

18 

75.4 

6.4 

70.9 

10.9 

.718 

,05 

.35 

.71 

Id 

73.6 

7.6 

68.3 

12  9 

.688 

7.40 

.81 

.66 

20 

72.7 

7.2 

67.7 

12.2 

.674 

.28 

.50 

.68 

2L 

74,4 

6.3 

70.0 

10.7 

.727 

.82 

.22 

.71 

St 

75.5 

62 

71.2 

10.5    1 

.756 

8.12 

.25 

.71 

83 

76.4 

4,8 

73.0 

8.2 

.801 

.62 

2.69 

.77 

2i 

73-5 

I.l 

72,7 

1,9 

.792  : 

.65 

0.55 

.94 

2o 

718 

0.9 

71.1 

1.6 

.753 

.25 

.43 

.95 

2e 

7K7 

2.4 

70,0 

4.1 

.727 

7.94 

1.13 

.88 

27 

73.0 

4.3 

70,0 

7.3 

.727 

.89 

2.09 

.79 

28    , 

748 

4.1 

71*9 

7.0 

.773 

8.36 

.11 

.80 

29 

74.7 

4.4 

71.6 

7.5 

.766 

.27 

.26 

.70 

SO 

73.3 

5.i 

69.5 

9.2 

J15 

7.74 

.07 

.74 

31 

72.1 

6.2 

67.8 

10.5 

.677 

.32 

.96 

.71 

All  the  HygTomeitioH  elemeuU  mc  com^MVe^\si  ^i]^  Gx^ft^^  w\i  Q<Mi»iwitg. 


M^feorohffical  Obiervaiiom. 


Ixxvii 


AMraet  of  fie  Beenlh  of  the  llonrly  Meteorological  Observatioui 

iaieu  at  the  SHrvetfor  GeneraVe  Office^  Calcnita, 

in  the  mouth  of  October  1871. 


ffourl/  Means,  &c.  of  the  Obser  ration  a  and  of  the  irjgrometrical  el^^Riftiti 
dependent  thereon. 


*S^ 

llflTiije  of  ihc  Ilnrorneter 

4 

linng*^  of  Uic^  IVitiium- 

for  earh  hmtr  (liiniig 
the  ntoiiili. 

tiii^  for  riii*h  llc^tll' 
dtiriiif(   ihi^iniMittu 

Hour. 

1 

Mai, 

Min. 

j>m. 

1^ 

Mux, 

Mill,   uir 

h 

i 

Inchei. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

0 

0 

0 

o 

Hid. 

night. 

29.807 

29.918 

29.672 

0.246 

79.0 

84.2 

71.7 

12  ft 

.798 

.911 

.654 

.257 

78.6 

81.0 

71.6 

12  5 

.789 

.908 

.649 

.259 

78.3 

83.H 

71.6 

12.3 

.781 

.902 

.647 

.255 

78.0 

83.6 

71.6 

12.1 

.780 

.901 

.627 

.274 

77.8 

83.5 

71.6 

12.0 

.793 

.916 

.625 

.290 

77.6 

83.4 

71.0 

12.4 

.810 

.943 

.643 

.300 

77.5 

83.2 

71.0 

12.2 

.827 

.945 

.673 

.272 

78.3 

83.7 

71.7 

12.0 

.847 

.965 

.676 

.289 

80.6 

86.5 

72.0 

13.5 

.860 

.977 

.705 

.272 

82.2 

87.5 

72.6 

16.0 

.861 

.974 

.707 

.267 

83.9 

89.5 

73.0 

10.6 

.845 

.960 

.685 

.275 

84.8 

90.5 

73.0 

17.5 

Noon. 

J24 

.944 

.668 

.276 

85.4 

90.7 

73.6 

17.1' 

1 

.798 

.920 

.646 

.274 

86.2 

91.5 

74.0 

17.5 

8 

.774 

.894 

.632 

.262 

86.5 

91.5 

73.0 

18.5 

8 

.769 

.885 

.624 

.261 

86.6 

92.0        73.7 

18.3 

4k 

.756 

.889 

.631 

.258 

86.0 

91.7        73.5 

18.2 

6 

.760 

.879 

.634 

.245 

86.1 

91.0    I   73.0 

18.0 

6 

.769 

.880 

.642 

.233 

83.1 

89.0    :    72.3 

1(5.7 

7 

.787 

.903 

.656 

.247 

81.8 

87.6     1   72.1 

15.4 

8 

.808 

.924 

.672 

.262 

81.0 

8«.6 

72.4 

U.l 

9 

.819 

.932 

.671 

.261 

80.3 

8G.0 

72.4  1    13.6 

10 

.824 

.939 

.689 

.260 

79.6 

85.6     !    72.5  ,    13.0 

11 

.821 

.931 

.682 

.249 

79.2 

84.6 

72.7 

11.9 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived  from  the  observations  made  at  the  several 
hours  during  the  month. 


luviii 


Meteorological  Observaiiant, 


Ahdiael  of  ike  Kesnlts  of  the  Honrl//  Meieorological  OhervationM 

taken  at  the  Snrvet/or  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the  month   of  Odoler  1871. 


Honrlj  Meanfl,  he,  of  tlie  Ol^serTationii  and  of  tlio  Hjgrometrical  elementt 
dependent  lliereon. — (CoiHimted.) 


S 

i 

^ 

^ 

p/3 

'■§8 

|i 

^ 

^ 

1 

P 

I 

^-z 

•5      2 

Wg^ 

Hour. 

lit 

} 

ft 

1 

} 

1 

.2 

•3| 

|5 

1-5  i 
III 

111 

0 

0 

o 

o 

Indies. 

T.gr. 

T.gr. 

Mid- 

d!g1it. 

76.7 

2.3 

75.1 

3.9 

OJ^57 

&.27 

1.23 

0.89 

1 

76.5 

2.1 

75.0 

36 

.854 

.21 

.14 

.89 

2 

76.4 

li) 

75.1 

3.2 

.857 

.28 

.00 

.90 

3 

76.2 

1.8 

74.9 

3.1 

.851 

^2 

0.97 

.91 

4 

76.2 

].6 

75.1 

2.7 

.857 

.28 

.85 

.92 

5 

76.0 

1.6 

71.C> 

2.7 

.851 

.      .22 

.85 

.92 

6 

75.9 

1.6 

74.8 

2.7 

.819 

.20 

.84 

.92 

7 

76.5 

1.8 

75.2 

3.1 

.860 

.31 

.97 

.91 

8 

77.2 

3.4 

74.8 

5.8 

.849 

.15 

1.86 

.83 

9 

77.3 

4.9 

7;^.» 

8.3 

.824 

8.87 

2.67 

.77 

10 

77.3 

ioA) 

72.7 

11.2 

.792 

.49 

3.61 

.70 

11 

77.0 

7.8 

71.5 

13.3 

.763 

.16 

4.30 

.60 

Noon. 

77.1 

8.3 

71.3 

It.  I 

.758 

.10 

.58 

.64 

1 

77.0 

9.2 

70.6 

15.6 

.714 

7.89 

5.10 

.61 

2 

76.H 

9.7 

71.0 

155 

.751 

.99 

.11 

.61 

8 

70.5 

10.1 

7i).4 

16.2 

.736 

.81 

.30 

.60 

4 

76.4 

9.6 

6*.). 7 

163 

.720 

.68 

.23 

.60 

5 

76.9 

8.2 

71.2 

13.9 

.756 

8.07 

4.50 

.64 

6 

77.1 

6.0 

72.9 

10.2 

.797 

.56 

3.30 

.72 

7 

77.2 

4.6 

74.0 

7.8 

.827 

.90 

2.50 

.78 

8 

77.1 

3.9 

74.4 

Q.Q 

.838 

9.02 

.12 

.81 

9 

76.9 

3.t 

7t.5 

b.^ 

.810 

.07 

1.81 

.83 

10 

76.  S 

2.8 

71.8 

48 

.819 

.17 

.52 

.86 

11 

76.7 

2.5 

74.9 

4.3 

.851 

.21 

.35 

.87 

All  the  Hygroinetricai  clomei>t»  are  computed  by  the  Greenwich  Constant!. 


MeUorological  Observations. 


Ixxis 


Abatraci  of  the  Result's  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 
.  taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta^ 
in  the  month   of    October  1871. 
Solar  lUdiation,  Weatlier,  «tc. 


u 

&S      .                                  WlKlK                                  1 

1^ 

1l  ^ 

1 

£ 

Prei^ailinff 

.1     ^i^ 

General  aspect  of  tlie  Sky- 

l\ 

0    : 

5^0          direction.         j^  |; 

«5 

o      1 

ncbes 

& 

Miles 

1 

153.2 

... 

SbyW 

... 

129.0 

\i  to  7  A.  K.,  "i  to  7.  P.M. 
B  afliTwards.  T  at  12J  a.  m., 
2i,  4&5  p.  M.  Dat5.Jp.  m. 

2 

152.0 

... 

S  &  S  by  W 

... 

108.6 

B  to  7  A.  M.,  <^L  to  4  p.  M. 
B  afterwards . 

8 

146.3 

< 

SbyW&WbyN   ...  | 

83.1 

B  to  12  A.  M.,v_i  to  5  p.  M. 

[&NW 
W  by  N,  W  N  W 

B  afterward H. 

4 

148.6 

••• 

... 

67.3 

B  to  8  A.  jr.,  ^i  to  6  p.  M. 

Bflftrrwrtrdn. 

6 

149.7 

•  .. 

XW&WNW 

... 

69.8 

B  to  H  X.  3f.,  --i  to6  p.  M. 

B  afterwards. 

6 

152.0 

... 

WNW&WSW 

... 

73.2 

B  to  10  A.  M.,  '-i  to  3  p.  M. 

B  afterwards. 

7 

153.3 

... 

WSW&WbyS 

... 

79.3 

Bto4  A.  M.,  Vi  to  10  A.M. 
"i  tn  2  p.  M.,  v_i  afterwards. 

8 

150.0 

... 

W  by  8  &  ]S  W 

0.6 

76.5 

B  to  10  A.  M.,  rsi  to  5  p.  M. 
B  afterguards. 

^ 

149.0 

•'• 

NW&WN W 

... 

66.2  BtolOA.  M.,  ^i  to3p.  M., 
\i  to  6  p.  M.  B  afterwarilH. 

10 

147.5 

.... 

WNW 

... 

71.5 

B  to5  A.  M..  VitO  10  A.M., 

--i  to  6  p.  M.  B  aften^ardn. 

11 

... 

0.89 

WNW&SE 

80.1 

S    to    12  A.  M.  ()  t^)  7  P.  M., 
\i   ailt^rwards.  T  at  \)\  a.  m., 
1  &2.ip.  M.,  11  at  8,  Hi  A.M., 
1,  2?M  15  &  0  p.  M. 

12 

... 

0.60 

S.E,ESE&E. 

... 

122.5 

Chiefly  O.  K  at  I.  10,  11  a. 

^M.,  &  from  2  to  6  p.  m. 

13 

127.0 

SbyW. 

. . . 

108.5 

()  to  10  A.  M.  8  afterwards. 

14 

135.6 

6.47 

Sby  Wi&SSE 

... 

59.8 

Clouds  of  different  kinds  to 
6  p.  M.  B  afterwards.  L  on  N 
W  at  6   P.   M.  li  at  11  &  12 

16 

153.0 

... 

SSE&S 

... 

75.7 

A.  M. 

B  to  6  A.  M.,  ^i  to  5  p.  M. 

B  afterwards.  1)  at  12.i  a.  m. 

16 

145.7 

... 

8,SbyW&NbyI 

94.0 

B  to  9  A   u    \— i  to  4  p.  M. 

i  Bailer  war.  J.-?. 

17 

147.2 

... 

N  by  E  &  W 

... 

86.6  '  B  to  \)  A.  M.,  ^i  to  4  p.  m. 
;B  afterwards. 

18;  146.2 

... 

W&W8W 

•  •  • 

96.3       B. 

19  147.0 

... 

W  S  W  &  W 

. .  1 

81.0  1     B. 

21 

)  145.5 

... 

W&ENE 

... 

90.7  !     B  to  10  A.  M.,  \i  to  5  p.  m. 

!              B  afterwards. 

21 

.  146.8 

E  N  E  &  N  by  I 

[E  N  E 

:  0.8    106.8  1     B  to  10  A.  M.,  '^i  to  6  p.  m. 

J         ;             B  afterwards. 

2i 

\  144.5 

... 

NbyE,]NNE& 

( 

155.6  1  B  to  9  A.  M.,  \i  to  5  p.  m. 
jB  afterwards. 

\i  Cirri,— i  Strati,  ^  i  Cumuli,  wi  Cirro-strat\,  ^  \C.\vcKV3^Q.1|^x^^:\.^^A^^'^^^ 
Ui  Cirro-cumuli.  B  clear,  S  sUatom,  O  on^p  vsA^^,  -^  \x>{^Nxi«^^ 

JB  r&in,  J)  drizzle. 


box 


UeUorological  Obaervaiient. 


Jbstraet  of  th^  ReiulU  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observaiious 

(aieu  at  the  Surveyor  GeneraVt  Office,  Calcutta, 

in   the  month  of  October  1871. 

Solar  Sadiation,  Weather,  <&c. 


Mi 

.  * 


fid  s 


Wind. 


FreTailing 
direction. 


Si 


General  aspect  of  the  Sky. 


23  145.0 


24 
25 


130.0 

144.7 

143.0 
144.0 

143.0 
142.7 


27 

28 
29 


30 
31 


Indies 
0.03 


E]!^E,NE&EbyS 


2.58 
2.46 


E  b  J  S  <&  E  S  E 
E,EbyN&ENE 

NE&NW 

NW&WNW 

WNW&SW 
SW 


S  W  &  W  by  S 
WbyS&SSE 


fb 


Miles 
115.5 


173.2 
238.8 

378.4 

140.5 

90.4 
71.6 


42.5 
47.3 


Clouds  of  different  kinds 
to  6  a.  m.  Bto9  a.  m..  "^i  to 
H  p.  M.,  ^i  afterwards.  Light 
R  at  ^  p.  M. 

O.  E  from  4  A.  M.,  to  1 1  p.m. 

O.  K  from  midnight  to  2  p. 
M.,  &  at  5  &  11  P.  M. 

O  to  5  p.  M.  B  afterwards. 
D  at  midnight. 

Bto  12  a.  m.,  ^i  to  4  p.m., 
\i  afterwards. 

B. 

B  to  1  p.  M.,  \i  to  6  p.  M. 
B  aftemards.  Foggy  from  3 
to  8  A.  M.  &  8  to  11  p.  M. 

B  Slightly  foggy  from  mid- 
night to2  &  5  to  7  A.  M. 

B.Slightly  foggy  at  10  p.m. 


\i  Cirri, — i  Strati,  "i  Cumuli,  \— i  Cirro-strati,  ^\_i  Cumulo-strati.  vv_i  Nimbi, 
*i  Cirro-cumuli,  B  clear,  S  stratoni,  O  overcast,  T  thunder,  L  lightning, 
rain,  D  drizzle. 


Mtieoroloij tea  I  Olserranm!^ 


19^X1 


Abiiract  of  the  UemtU  of  the  llourJ^  MehomhtjlcaJ    OUervaflmi  ] 
taken  at  the  SHrve^or  General's  Office,  Culcnlt^, 
in   tie  mouth  of  Oci^ber   1871. 
Monthly  BfidULxa, 


Indies. 

HeAD  liei^lii  ot  tlie  Barometer  for  tlie  montb,..               ,.,  ,.,  2iK8(»4 

Max.  lieiglit  of  tlie  BiirLiineter  otcurretil  at  &  a.  m*  on  tliu  Iflth.  ».,  2t).l»77 

Min.  keiglit  of  tlie  Barometer  oecurrtj  at  3  f.  M,  ou  tho  2l)th.  .,,  21^624 

jLJi'tfemt  rttitt/v  of  tlio  JJnrometer  during  the  moatk          ...  ^..     U.353 

Mean  of  tlie  diiiij  !Max.  Prt'SHurea      ».,              ...              ,,,  ,,.  29M\7 

Ditto         tlilti>        liliiJ,         tliUo          ...             ,.»             ..,  ...  2yJ48 

Mean  dail^  range  of  the  Puroxiieter  during  tiie  moutli    ..»  ,.,     0.119 


Mean  Pry  Bulh  TliermniTieter  for  the  monili        ,*.  ,., 

Max.  TeJiiiHTiihire  oc"t'iirrt*<l  nt  H  i».  M.  ou  the  4th, 
lilin.  IVjiipt^niluro  ocrurreil  nl  5  &  6  a.  m,  otj  the  26  thJt27tli 
Ji.r( rente  rauf/e  of  the  Temperature  duriug  the  mouth 
Mean  of  the  daily  Mux.  Teiii]>ernlure  ... 

Dilto        ditto         Mill.         ditto, 
MtiiH  dait^  range  of  the  Temperature  Jiiring  the  month... 


Mean  Wet  Biilh  Thermometer  for  the  montli    ...            .,,            ,,.  76,7 

Mean  Dry  Bulh  Tbeniioiuetrr  jihove  Menu  Wet  Bulh  Thermometer  4.© 

Convimteu  Mean  Dew-poiirt  tor  the  month          ...             ...             ...  73,3 

k-Mean  Dry  Bulh  Thermometer  aho?e  computed  mean  Dew-point  ...  8.3 

Inches. 
Mean  Elastic  force  of  Vapour  for  tlie  month    ..,  .„  ,*»    0.80ft 


Troy  grafnt 

Mean  Wet  (flit  of  Vaponr  for  the  month  ...  ...  ...       8,70 

rjl^tiditionul  Wei^'lit  ot^  Yiipoiir  required  for  complete  saturiition     ..,       2.04 
""lean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  saturation  heing  unity  0.77 

o 
Mean  Max.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  ...  145.6 


laclitf* 

Bnined    9  days.*— Max,  fall  of  rain  during  24  houra       ,,.  ...     2,6S 

Total  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ,..  ...     7.03 

Total  nmount  of  rain  indicated  hy  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month        ...  ...  ,-  ,-  --     <^*20 

PfcTaiiing  direction  of  the  Wind  ,..     ...    W.  >\  W^,  N.  W.  Jt  S.  by  W< 

•Height  70  feet  10; 


^M    Ixxxii 

^^^^"              Mefeorofdfftcal  Oh$(*rvftfiofiS,          ^^^^^^H 

■  si 

J 

Nil 

kill 

^  1  If 

111 

t  !- 

^^1        %   Its    ;£   ^ 

1  ih:i 

1  21 

'S         IF    oa 

J*     e  a* 

'S        ^-^ 
g        »*" 

If 

•uu  lll»}[ 

f-i«-«>-i 

r-WW 

1— 1 

*no  utBj[ 

•UO  tilRjJ 

vaVkav 

-uu  UllIJ] 

OO    CQg»5«0€0«flOff&C»aCQ«-*«OWpH        91^^«20S?OQ9^ 

r«* 

■**    '•#'#'*'*-*«flO«3T't7flOO«lO®*OiOiO'f'*"^'<f-?-f 

_AV 

*uo  niujj 

<M  «?lM«l«l?l'M'NW«q'3!|       -4^1(|*-4^9^<9i|^^99«l^ 

<^'S'1'M^S4S4^<M^M^£0^        C^l^^ClQC^Q^S^QQ^Oi^ 

'm»  uiir}| 

F-l 

m:8  u 

«N   91  •?!  M  M  <N  -N  70  C*3  "*  -"f  ^  lO  1©  «  T*  5^  e<l  5^1  'Jl  N  'N  C<1  « 

^ 

•A\    S 
•no  uiif^i 

■no  uiwji 

04   74'3(l'Me09»fi(»94«90^rHeQ9^lcOCO?l'M'Mg^194OI'S>1^94 

»-l  1M  Ol  r-*  ^  r^  r^  -^ 

C^   "^  •<9  ^  «3  CQ  *<(»  ^  ^  CO  ^        09^<^i^^^9«919«99  7i9l 

uo  umjf 

*S' 

9)94<&1'?I<M<M<M.-^^^^^                   ^              ^^.M^^M 

*a  'fi '? 

«  t-^                                                                                                                    1-^  *^ 

-a 

^i^»-i^-»»-iF-«i^i— ii^*-(              »-i        *-*                          '-^CQ'T'l^^M 

'\xomyt}\ 

3*8 

Mi-^i^                                                 *F-»              i-^.-H(i3«|^1^94<M^^»-i^^ 

*uo  nvft^ 

,_                       ,_^ip^«,^rH               Ciil<-^ip-»«^i-«*M»-«                               1 

P-«                     r-tf-«0«^rHI                   Oj-Hi^           •-^P-tC*l'?l           ^^ 

p-#  p-»                              1-^             i-^        ^-1        f-l  ^H 

•R  ^^q  3 

^^^                            f-l&1Q4                                  rt»^t^W*-*«»-ie4« 

'HO  aiir}f 

^-|^^©i|r-ii-«rHI<— «i-^                           1-^          f-»          »^#^                  ^^ 

r^T 

^e<io«i«j*-H.-'.-i«H             iH     o<i»^^  ^  •-•-*««  •-♦^ 

•\r  Xq  -%t 

f-K                                                                  fM  (i^  ^  1-^  "M 

iH                                                         Ol «  "1? ««»  CO  ^                ^ 

'UO  UIBJI 

^^                                    *-♦ 

^    J^  CI 

wi?iWM-^'-^-^'-«^      «^      *-•      f-(flooso««cQcoe»aoo 

*IIO  UlV}^ 

<— 1 

^H    i-^r-»r^Wa«lWI*-i»^C'3^        (— •«««0«^H 

•tto  unjjj 

i^*-r«        G4        i-^OlO*^ 

fl 

':r  -^q  *\T 

•00  UITJJJ 

C4eM(7lQ49aO104C<«i-N^r-4         ,~ir^r-4r-4         f-<«^1^1C101O4&) 

»-< 

K' 

*«H              »^      »-<»^M    |m4                          «W|    ^    f^ 

•JtioH 

d 

■ 

Meleorologieal  Ohervafions. 


Ixxxiii 


jlMraei  of  the  Itesulfs  of  the  Ilonrli/  Meteorological  OlservatioM 

taken  at  the  Survei/or  GemraVs  Office,  Calcutta^ 

ill   the  Month   oj  Kovemher   1871. 

Latitude  22^  33'  V  Norlli,    Longitude  88°  20'  W  East. 

Heiglifc  of  ilie  Cistern  of  tlio  Standard  Barometer  above  tlie  sea  level,  18.11  feet. 

Daily  Means,  kc,  of  tlie  Observations  and  of  tlie  irj-grometrical  elements 
dependent  tlioreon. 


zt. 

Sanfi^c  of  tlie  Burometer 

Hang(»  of  tlieTonii^ora- 

during  the  d 

«y. 

n  Dry  B 
rmomeu 

tui'edui 

•ing  tliedny. 

Date. 

1 

ij" 

Max. 

Min. 

Dior. 

-^ 

I^Iex. 

Min.     Diff. 

;?-" 

>.^ 

Indies. 

Indies. 

Indies. 

Indies. 

0 

o 

o 

o 

1 

29.932 

30.006 

29.873 

0.133 

78.2 

85.1 

72.0 

13.4 

2 

.931 

.000 

.878 

.122 

79.1 

86.9 

72.5  ;    11.4 

3 

.947 

.012 

.900 

.112 

79.0 

86.5 

73.3  ;    13.3 

4 

.950 

.014 

.8^)4 

.120 

77.7 

85.0 

71.5  :    13.5 

5 

.970 

.047 

.919 

J  28 

76.9 

85.0 

70.3      34.7 

6 

.986 

.061 

.927 

.134 

77.0 

84.8 

70.0      14.8 

7 

.957 

.016 

.903 

.111 

76.9 

8;).  I 

71.6      1J.5 

8 

.94^ 

.029 

.873 

.156 

77.5 

84.5 

73.3       11.2 

9 

.936 

.006 

.874 

.132 

77.5 

84.5 

71.0      13.5 

10 

.930 

.006 

.8(M) 

.137 

77.0 

83.8 

71.0      32.8 

11 

.916 

29.993 

.847 

.116 

76.4 

a3.6 

72.0      ll.G 

12 

.875 

.939 

.808 

.131 

75,9 

a3.6 

69.5  1    14.1 

13 

.878 

.926 

.828 

.01« 

76.9 

84.0 

71.2  1    12.8 

14 

.900 

30.028 

.aoi 

.137 

78.2 

85.7 

72.0       13.7 

15 

.912 

.025 

.869 

.156 

78.5 

85.5 

73.5       12.0 

16 

.9:il 

.000 

■    .888 

.112 

78.6 

a5.7 

73.5       12.3 

V 

.981 

.a$5 

.932 

.123 

77.1 

81.1 

71.5       12.9 

u 

.993 

.0<i3 

.925 

.138 

76.2 

83.2 

70.5       12.7 

19 

.968 

.020 

.922 

.098 

75.2 

82.5 

<)n.O  1    13.5 

20 

.993 

.072 

.929 

.143 

75.5 

82.6 

<J9.r,       ]X\. 

21 

.992 

.060 

.932 

.128 

75.2 

82.0 

69.5       12.5 

22 

.988 

.066 

.941 

.125 

74.4 

81.0 

69.0  1    12.0 

23 

.970 

.025 

.908 

.117 

74.2 

82.5 

^)7.0       15.5 

24 

.998 

.063 

.952 

.111 

74.9 

83.5 

<'>>*.0       15.5 

25 

.992 

.050 

.939 

.120 

73.5 

,      82.0 

67.5  .    14.5 

26 

.962 

.038 

.897 

.111 

71.9 

i      81.1 

<)4.6  '    10  8 

27 

.921) 

29.989 

.865 

.124 

70.7 

1     79.7 

63.2       1(5.5 

28 

.962 

30.035 

.914 

.121 

70.0 

78.S 

62.0      ir.s 

29 

.<'47 

.031 

.878 

.153 

71.0 

80.1 

63.5      ir.u 

30 

.908 

29.969 

.854 

.115 

73.0 

82.1 

^.0 

1    ^'-^ 

1 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived,  from  the  hourly  observations,  mado  at  Uae 
several  liours  diuing  tke  day. 


Ixxxiv 


Meteorological  Olservations. 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Ilourlif  Meteorological  Observations 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  GeneraVs  OJjice,  Culcntia, 

in  the  month  of  November   1871. 


Daily  Means,  &c.  of  tLe  ObscrFalions  and  of  Ihe  Hygrometrical  eletnenta 
dependent  thereon . — (Continued.) 


h 

+3 

■4-} 

a 
1 

1= 

o 

I 

>   0 

Date. 

Q 

1 

If 
P 

r5 

o^  to 

III 

ri 

3 

^6 

il^ 

1' 

a' 

Q 

P 

S2 

< 

g^2 

0 

o 

O 

0 

Inches. 

T.gr. 

T.gr. 

1 

72.7 

5.6 

68.8 

9.4 

0.699 

7.57 

2.68 

0.74 

2 

7;.3 

4.8 

70-9 

8.2 

.748 

8.10 

.43 

.77 

3 

73.5 

5.5 

69.6 

9.4 

.717 

7.76 

.74 

.74 

4 

71.3 

6.4 

66.8 

30.9 

.655 

.10 

3.00 

.70 

5 

70.1 

6.8 

65.3 

11.6 

.623 

6.76 

.10 

.69 

(3 

70.8 

6.2 

66.5 

10.5 

.618 

7.03 

2.86 

.71 

7 

72.1 

4.8 

m.7 

8.2 

.697 

.57 

.29 

.77 

8 

72.8 

4.7 

69.5 

8.0 

.715 

.75 

.29 

.77 

9 

72.0 

5.5 

68.1 

9.4 

.684 

.41 

.63 

.74 

10 

71.1 

5.6 

67.5 

9.5 

.670 

.27 

.62 

.74 

31 

70.4 

6.0 

66.2 

10.2 

.612 

6.98 

.74 

.72 

32 

70.3 

5.6 

{M\.i 

9.5 

xn-Q 

7.03 

.54 

.74 

33 

71.2 

5.7 

67.2 

9.7 

.6(>4 

.20 

.m 

.73 

34 

73.5 

4.7 

70.2 

8.0 

.732 

•      .92 

.33 

.77 

35 

73.2 

5.3 

69.5 

9.0 

.715 

.74 

.61 

.75 

36 

n.i 

6.2 

68.1 

10.5 

.684 

.38 

3.00 

.71 

37 

70.8 

6.3 

66.4 

10.7 

.6J^ 

.01 

2.91 

.71 

38 

70.8 

5.4 

67.0 

9.2 

.659 

.17 

.49 

.74 

39 

C8.2 

7.0 

63.3 

11.9 

.584 

6.35 

3.02 

.68 

20 

{S':i.7 

5.8 

65.6 

9.9 

.630 

.86 

2.60 

.73 

21 

69.9 

5.3 

66.2 

9.0 

.642 

.99 

.38 

.75 

22 

6S.1 

6.0 

61.2 

10.2 

.601 

.66 

.59 

.72 

23 

67.1 

7.1 

62.1 

12.1 

.561 

.12 

.97 

.67 

24 

67.7 

7.2 

62.7 

12.2 

.572 

.24 

3.04 

.67 

25     1 

Ql^     1 

8.7 

58.7 

14.8 

.501 

5.47 

.43 

.62 

2()     , 

610     1 

7.9  1 

57.7  1 

11.2 

.485 

.31 

.17 

.63 

27     1 

62.6     1 

8.1  1 

56.1   1 

14.6 

.459 

.01 

.14 

.62 

2S     , 

(V^.l     I 

6.3  1 

58-7 

11.3 

.501 

.52 

2.48 

.69 

2\.) 

65.0 

6.0  1 

60.2 : 

10.8 

.527 

.78 

.47 

.70 

30 

65.9 

7.1  1 

1 

60.2  j 

12.8 

.527 

.76 

I 

3.00 

.66 

ill  the  iij'gronic'trical  elenicuts  are  coi\\\>\iVed\i^  VVe  Git<i<;\r«\R.\i  CQ^^i^wLliK 


Mefeorological  Olservations, 


Ixxxv 


Ahilract  of  Ike  HesnlU  of  the  Hourly  iltfaorological  Olservaliotts 

taken  at  Ike  Surveyor,  GeueraVs  OJJlce,  CalcuUa^ 

in  ike  month  of  November  1871. 


Hourly  Means,  &c.  of  the  Observations  and  of  the  Ifygrometrieal  elements 
dependent  thereon. 


KnTige 

cif  llie  llnronit^ter 

^ 

T!ai>^e  of  t lie  IVnipem- 

11^ 

for  eDJ?h  hour  iluring 
the  motitli. 

f5I 

ture  for  eiicli  Inmr 
during   the  iiioiiih. 

Hoar. 

n  1 

l^\ 

Max. 

Min, 

Diff. 

IJ^ai, 

Mill. 

D(fn 

s§l 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

o 

0 

0 

o 

MJd. 

night. 

29.955 

30.010 

29.869 

0.141 

72.5 

76.9 

65.3      11.6 

\ 

.947 

.008 

.863 

.145 

72.0 

76.3 

64.1 

12  2 

2 

.94^) 

.002 

.851 

.151 

71.5 

75.8 

63.6 

12.2 

3 

.933 

29.996 

.84i 

.152 

70.9 

75.0 

63.0      12.0 

4 

.934. 

.993 

.812 

.151 

70.4 

74.7 

62.5  1    12.2 

6 

.948 

30.012 

.859 

.153 

69.9 

74.0 

62.3  1    11.7 

6 

.965 

.020 

.877 

.143 

69.7 

73.5 

62.0  1    11.6 

7 

.983 

.043 

.906 

.137 

70.0 

74.5 

62.2      12.3 

8 

30.004 

.057 

.920 

.137 

73.2 

77.5 

66.8 

10.7 

9 

.021 

.072 

.925 

.147 

76.0 

80.5 

70.2 

10.3 

10 

.019 

.066 

.926 

.140 

78.4 

82.0 

73.0 

9.0 

11 

29.998 

.051 

.907 

.I'U 

80.2 

83.5 

76.0 

8.6 

Noon. 

.070 

.052 

.883 

.142 

81.6 

85.2 

77.0 

8.2 

1 

.936 

29.984 

.853 

.131 

82.6 

85.6 

78.0  1     7.6 

2 

.914 

.965 

.835 

.130 

83.2 

86.9 

78.5  i     8.4 

3 

.901 

.952 

.8U 

.138 

83.3 

86.6 

78.8  !     7.8 

4 

.896 

.953 

.808 

.145 

82.1 

85.5 

77.5 

8.0 

5 

.904 

.959 

.811. 

.145 

80.8 

84.7 

76.0 

8.7 

6 

.914 

.971 

.829 

.142 

78.2 

82.2 

72.5 

9.7 

7 

.932 

.989 

.848 

.141 

76.5 

80.3 

71.0 

9.3 

8 

.951 

30.003 

.870 

,      .133 

75.3 

79.2 

69.5 

9.7 

9 

.963 

.018 

.887 

'      .131 

74.3 

77.8 

68.5 

9.3 

10 

.967 

.023 

,876 

.147 

73.6 

77.0 

67.0 

10.0 

11 

.963 

.016 

.876 

.140 

73.0 

77.0 

66.6 

10.6 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  ns  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 
Thermometer  Means  are  derived  from  the  obscrrations  made  at  the  several 
hours  during  the  month. 


Ixxxvi 


Mefeoroloffical  Ohnervainm^. 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hotirly  Meteorological  Observations 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  GeiieraVs  Office,  Calcutta, 

in  the  month   of  November  1871. 


Hourly  Means,  &c.  of  ilie  ObserTntions  nnd  of  tlie  Hjgrometrical  elements 
dependent  thereon.— fConliune J.) 


Hour. 


%* 

a> 

s 

^ 

-3 

p^ 

■*»    . 

o  u 

^n 

i^ 

^a 

Mid- 

aight, 
J 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 

10 
11 


H'oon 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 


70.7 
70.2 
69.8 


-a 


0 

o 

69.5 

ao 

69.2 

2.8 

68.8 

2.7 

68.4 

2.5 

68.0 

2.1 

67.8 

2.1 

67.5 

2.2 

67.7 

2.3 

69.2 

4.0 

69.9 

6.1 

70.3 

8.1 

702 

lao 

70.1 

11.5 

701 

12.5 

70.2 

13.0 

70.0 

13.3 

69.8 

12J1 

71.0 

9.8 

7K7 

6.5 

71.5 

5.0 

71.1 

4.2 

a 

p 

Q 

a 


67.1 
67.0 
i6.6 
6^.4 
66.1 
66.1 
65.9 
65.9 
66.0 
65.6 
64.6 
63.2 


62.0 
61.3 
61.1 
60.7 
61.2 
61.1 


6.5 

67.1 

5.0 

68.0 

4.2 

68.2 

3.6 

68.2 

3.4 

67.8 

3.2 

67.2 

p 

> 

1'^ 


5.4 

5.0 

4.9 

4.5 

4.3 

3.8 

3.8 

4.1 

7.2 

104 

13.8 

17.0 


19.6 

21.3 

22.1 

22.6 

20.9 

16.7 

11.1 

8.5 

7.1 

6.1 

58 

5.8 


c3     . 


Inches. 

T.gr. 

T.gr. 

0.661 

7.25 

1.38 

.659 

.23 

.27 

.651 

.14 

.24 

Srte 

.10 

.13 

.6*0 

.04 

.06 

.6IO 

.04 

0.94 

.630 

.(X^ 

.93 

.em 

.00 

1.00 

.638 

6.98 

.84 

.630 

.86 

2.74 

.609 

.59 

3.72 

.582 

.27 

4.61 

.559 

.00 

5.34 

.546 

5.86" 

.82 

.543 

.81 

C.08 

.536 

.72 

.21 

.514 

.84 

5.67 

.599 

6.41 

.43 

.661 

7.16 

3.09 

.681 

.39 

2.36 

.686 

.47 

1.93 

A)HCy 

.49 

.63 

.677 

.39 

.54 

.664 

.26 

.50 

0.84 

.85 
.85 
.86 
.87 
.88 
.88 
.88 
.79 
.72 
.64 
.58 


.53 
.50 
.49 
.48 
.51 
.58 
.70 
.76 
.80 
.82 
.83 
.83 


All  the  H  jgroiDetrical  elements  are  computed  bj  the  Greenwich  Constants* 


Mtieorological  Observations. 


Ixxxvii 


AMract  of  tie  Result's  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta, 
in  the  mouth   of    November   1871. 
Solar  Itadiation,  Weather,  &c. 


o  o 


Si's 


WlKD. 


Prevailing 
direction. 


1 

2 
3 

0 

144.2 
145.5 
141.0 

luclies 

SSE&S 
S&  S  VV 

ssw&w 

4 
6 

141.7 
141.0 

... 

W.WSW&WbyS 

WbyS 

6 

141.8 

••• 

WbySA  JJ^NE 

1 

137.0 

... 

NNE&NW 

8 

146.0 

... 

NW&NbyW 

9 

143.2 

... 

NbyW&N 

10 

143.5 

... 

N  &  N  by  W 

11 

142.5 

... 

NbyW&NNW 

12 

141.5 

... 

N  N  W  &  N  E 

13  139.0 

...     ENE&SbyW 

14 

140.0 

...     SbyW&SSW 

15 
16 
17 

140.0 
139.0 
148.0 

::: 

S  SW&WbyS 
W  by  S  &  WbyN 
VVbyN&W 

18 

139.8 

... 

W  &  W  by  S 

19 
20 

137.8 
138.8 

... 

WbyS 
W  by.S  &  S  S  W 

21 

137.5 

SSW&S  W 

Cm  '       _K_ 

Mflesl 
68.7 
95.0 
77.2 


General  aspect  of  tLe  Sky. 


lb 


Cliicfly  B. 
B. 

B.  Slightly  foggy  at  9  &  10 
p.  M. 
35.2  I    B. 

54.7  I  B  to  6  A.  M.,  \i  to  6  p.  m. 
'B  afterwards. 

79.2  I  B  to  5  A.  M.,  \i  to  6  p.  m. 
B  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 
from  9  to  1 1  p.  M. 

47.5  '  B  to  5  A.  M.,  \i  to  6.  p.  m. 
B  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 
at  1  A.  M.,  Sl  10  p.  M. 

35.3  B  to  5  A.  M.,  \i  to  6  p.  m. 
B  afterwards. 

30.3  B  to  10  A.  M.,  \— i  to  3  p.  m. 
B  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 
.'from  4  to  6  a.  m.,  &  9  to  11 

p.  M. 

53.2  I    B  to  10  A.  M.,  --i  to  4  p.  m. 

B  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 

from  midnight  to  6  a.  m. 
73.2      B  to  10  A.  M.,  ^i  to  3  p.  M. 

B  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 

from  9  to  11  p.  M. 

66.4  I  B  to  10  A.  M.,  ^i  to  7  p.  m. 
B  afterwards. 

56.4  I    B  to  1  p.  M.,  ^i  to  3  p.  m. 

B  afterwards. 
59.0      B  to  11  A.  M.,  v«i  to  4  p.  m. 

B  afterwards. 

67.8  Chiefly  B. 
90.7      Chiefly  B. 

57.7      B  to  11  A.  M.,  ^i  to  1  p.  M. 

jB  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 

|at  11  p.  M. 
72.2      B  to  11  A.  M.,  v_i  to  2  p.  M. 

jB  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 

from  7  to  9  p.  M. 
52.4      B. 
73.2      B.  to  10  A.  M.,  ^i  to  4 p.  m. 

B  afterwards.  Foggy  from  7  to 

10  p.  M. 
43.4      B  to  11  A.  M..  rsi  to  3  p.  M. 

|B  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 

at  8  &  9  p.  M. 


\i  Cirri, — ^i  Strati,  ^i  Cumuli,  \— i  Cirro-strati,  '^iCumulo-strati,  v>-i  Nimbi, 
W  Cirro-cumuli,  B  clear,  S  Btrat^*''  O  oTorcast,  T  thunder,  L  lightning, 
B  rain,  D  drizsle. 


Ixxxviii 


Meteorological  Observations. 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observations 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office^  Calcutta, 
in  the  month  of  November  1871. 
Solar  Eadiation,  Weather,  <&c. 


•8 


o  o 
.  * 

si 


Wind. 


Preyailing 
direction. 


.  2 


S 


General  aspect  of  the  Skj. 


23 

24 

25 
26 
27 

28 
29 


o 
137.0 

141.0 


140.0 

137.0 
137.0 
137.0 

136.4 
136.8 


30  142.0 


Tncbcs 


S  W 
SWikW  S  W 

WSWik  W 

W&NNW 

N  N  W  &  WbyN 
[AN  W 
WbyN,WNW 

NW&NNW 
N  N  W  &  N  W 

N  W  &  W  b J  N 


MileR 
80.3 

108.0 


76.1 

129.9 
124.8 
118.8 

100.9 
83.1 

76.3 


Chiefly  B  Slightly  foggy  at 
9  p.  M. 

B  to  10  A.  M.,  \i  to  4  p.  M. 
Vi  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 
from  7  to  10  p.  m. 

V>i  to  2  a.  M.  B  to  3  p.  M., 

i  to  8  p.  M.  B  afterwards. 
Slightly  foggy  at  7  p.  m. 

Chiefly  B.  Slightly  foggy 
from  7  toll  p.  m. 

Chiefly  B.  Slightly  foggy  at 
midnight  &  from  8  to  11  p.  m. 

B.  Slightly  foggy  at  mid- 
night &  1  A.  M.,  &  from  7  to 
11  p.  M. 

B.  Slightly  foggy  from  mid- 
nidit  to  2  A.  M.,  &  7  to  11  p.m. 

B  to  2  p.  M.,  \i  to  7  p.  M. 
B  afterwards.  Slightly  foggy 
from  midnight  to  7  a.  M.,  & 
at  9  p.  M. 

B  to  10  a.  M.,  \i  to6  p.  M. 
B  afterwards. 


ri, — ^i  (Strati,  '^i  Cumuli,  V-i  Cirro-stTati,  rv-\ G\3Lxn.u\o-%traU>  v^i  NimbU 
^o-cnmnli,  B  clear,  S  stratoni,  O  o\eTC«tat»  T  \\i»sAet,\A\\^\.\!:\xi^, 
D  drizzle. 


C-hPcr^  irtun^. 


m  tie  man'i    tf  J'^r^s.** 


ll«n  of  tW  tfiTr  ir»s.  F?*-»-nr  "* 

Ditto       ditto   '  Mn. 
Memm  d^j  wmmfi  0€  cae  Bu-aiLec.tr  i  iz-^c  ~Ji<e  ii*:a  :Il 


o 

lf«mDnrB«j!i"n*rw:m.--«' 'r-*.-?  IT- r-j.        ...  '-^  "* 

Vaz.  Tempencttrv  •:^.'vrr-«:  i:  ±  ?   x.    •».-".'  i-»i  ...         •••  *^-'^ 

Mm.  TcBp«ntw«  .:<mrr'*-i  ir  -T  ^.  x.    r  :  ..*  r^->..  ...  ^-^  '' 

MfM  of  the' daily  Mil.  T;E-..n..-:-  ^ ': 

Ditto      ditto    *  M-n.         i.v.-. 

I  dWA/5  nf M«  of  \mt  T<ap«*rit.-^e  1  irln  x  \u^  31 :  n.  tli . . . 


Memn  Brr  Bu'.b  r.i^TT.i  -.•.-«■    v.,  >[,,,.  Wc:  Bulb  Tliormomot-r       ^  «.l 
Compatei  Mean  I  »-t-:-   i. -  :*  r  ■'.:..:.■: H  ■  •  ■  •  •        ,       • " *        ,"/' , 

Hean  Diy  Buib  Tixcna.:^.>r  a  ...t...  .  .:i.:  n:.:-!  m^n  Dcw-pojnt  ...       i  'i. 

JliriifH. 

Mean  Elastic  force  of  Taj»ar  fjrii:'*  montli    ... 


Trf»y  ^v\\\\\* 

It  H 1 
Mean '^eielit  of  Taoonr  for  tlic  month  ...       „^  •;',•,„    '"       •» -j 

Additional  Wei^lit  or*  Vap-.ur  reMinrc-a  for  77I'^*'*;;;^";.";"  V  "    ;„;i.  v  0 
Meandegreeof  liumidity  foribciuontb,compl«tAjHHturiiti..ii  Ikmiir  »»»«.>  *  ^  ^ 


Mean 


Max.  Solar  radiation  Tbcrmoinr.U'r  for  the  month  ...  » »»»  ^ 


Bained  no  days.— ^fax.  fall  of  rMn  dnrinK  21  lioum        i^|^ 

Total  amount  of  rain  during  th<;  "lontli  .    ;: "    ,     ,  /  \.     ^,.„u.,, 

Totel  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  ilu-  <  Siiuk«»  atlnrlinl  ti»  tho  mu  mo     ^  ^^ 
meter  during  the  month         ..             ••.  —  ■  ^   \    \\    jt  >'^ 

FreviUDg  direction  of  the  Wiml ^^  .  b.\  ?*»  -^    1^    * 

•Height  70  Coot  \0  uw\w\k  «NwNv'*  v,tvx\viA. 


xc 


Meteorological  Observaiion$. 


,8      ^ 


I 

o 

I 

I 


'Ct! 

^» 

fe- 
ll 

^    tf>    ^    rf 

"    ;g 


eS   O 


•9    C    C- 


O 


§^ 


►^     1 

1 1 


•8     H 


■UO  niojj; 
■ua  aiTJ^; 

©*  ei»<N^'jii«i*9«iQ'ieqetCT^pHr-^«(N^M<N<NM'Me«(Ne« 

ff^    C9«OC»3rt03OTWPaeO^?»SS|»-iff»^OSJTOOT«Cf3OOeO(?3CQ 

SQ    C»3m«^?0'3ao>eO«*4r^CO^"*.-i5^«Sf3O3OT30COS0«S 

P-4r^S<l'^Cf3-<l-!OT 

■tio  inti|i 

^^Aq-Ai 

«- w  «■  ffl  ®i  (N-5^  ^ -.  e<i  c?i  ^  p4  ©I'bs-*  ffl  eo'm  ^^ 

MKi  u|tr}f 

J^ 

so  eomme'3mc«3w»Qti*Mr-irH'^**rt^^coff5««co(ra« 

Ub    lO  WS  «3  »0  iOiO  lO  W3  ^  lO  ^  50  SIS  -^  PS  m  ^  WS  lO  ^  iO  to  IQ 

Ar^M 

•no  iimjy 

,p^   ,^^rH^^i^ffil^93'?3?4^04'?3O9^^i-i»^<-!^71^1 

"AV'f3 

W   3^9a  WTO^^MOT^IN  «  ^ -*  «^  «^  COP!  TC  ^  1?5  50  ^ 

■no  uii?)| 
AV  Sf  S 

W   rae9»»«OTS«3^eQC09^rN3S|tJi'NS^ffl^'N(N'N^« 

■uo  WjUIJ 

A\  ^q  S 

uo  npj] 

■«f»  UIWJJ 

T^l  -^^M  "S 
■iioiiirr>[ 

^^^^^^^^^        ^^^^^(j,^^^^^^^^ 

^ 

"2                                                                                                                                                    1 

,^P-iin-ii— lii^r^^^f^-*«-^r^                              T— < 

'A 

no  umj[ 

R  A"q  ■:7I 

no  inii^T 

■:-i 

un  iimii 

■un  UfT?|| 

,^,^,^,_|.i^r^r^r^^^N,-^t^i-^                                                              r^^^^H«^ 

■|[<^  TlitiJ] 
-ir   Aq  'S: 

Mjo  n(V}| 

i-f          »H  1— 1 

^    ^^rt,^^,_t^^iPHi-iiy|"*S5jFH          ©i5^r^r-#r-»,^#-H-(i-l 

Meteorulot/ical  Obset^^ 


Ab$traci  of  the  Hesuifs  of   ike  Hourly  Melem'ologieal  Olicrrafioni 

taken  at  the  Sune^or  QeneraVi  OJice,  Calctttta, 

m   tie  month   of  December   1871. 

Latitude  W  33'  1"  North.    Lon^ntude  88"*  ^0'  34"  East, 

TefgLt  of  the  Ciiitern  of  the  Standard  Barometer  above  tlie  aca  lerel,  18.11  feet. 

Dai  I J  Meftnsi  Slc*  of  ihe  Observations  and  of  tbe  Hygrometrical  ekmenti 
depeiidtvnt  tbeivnn. 


3s 

Tlange  of  tbo  Barometer 

R  an  go  of  tl j  e  IV  n  i  p  e  ra^ 

durixig  tbe  (]j 

ly.           . 

ture  during  llie  Jay. 

Pate. 

* 

g  «co 

Max. 

Min. 

Biff. 

Max. 

Min. 

Dir, 

IncLeSt 

Inobes. 

IncLes. 

lucbea.  ' 

0 

o 

o 

o    ^ 

1 

29.932 

.991 

30.006 

29.880 

0.126 

74.5 

82.5 

075 

15.0 

2 

.071 

.929 

.142 

74.1 

82.3 

67.0      16,31 

3 

30.021 

,102 

.973 

.129 

70.7 

79,2 

64.0      15.2^ 

4 

.035 

.116 

;[I80 

Am  , 

67.9 

76.4 

60.5 

15.9 

fi 

.050 

.138 

30.iX)4 

.134 

67.7 

77.3 

59.9 

17.4 

6 

.023 

.094 

29.9tjO 

.134 

69.6 

79.2 

61.1 

16.1 

7 

.028 

.115 

.968 

.147 

70.8 

79,7 

63.5 

16.2 

6 

.025 

.104 

.972 

.132 

69.4 

78,0 

62,7 

15.3, 

9 

.013 

.088 

.948 

.14^) 

69,2 

78.5 

61.9 

16.61 

10 

29.984 

.057 

.92:1 

.134 

69.2 

79.5 

60,4 

19.1 

11 

30,01)3 

.076 

,960 

.126 

70,5 

80.5 

63.2 

17.3 

12 

.048 

.123 

.995 

.128 

69.8 

79.5 

62.2 

17,3 

18 

.104 

.174 

90.054 

.120 

69.3 

70.0 

61.0 

18.01 

14 

.128 

,197 

.062 

.135 

66.8 

75.4 

58.6 

16.8 

15 

.114 

,188 

.065 

.123 

66.8 

75.5 

59.5 

16.0 

Id 

.080 

.157 

.011 

.146 

68.1 

78.0 

60.5 

17.5 

17 

.102 

.180 

.048 

.132 

68.3 

76.5 

6L2 

15.8 

.  18 

.114 

.179 

.051 

.128 

68.4 

77,2 

61.4 

15.8 

|19 

:114 

.193 

.058 

.135 

687 

76.7 

61.0 

15.f< 

Pso 

.059 

.128 

.oon 

.123 

70.3 

78.0 

65.0 

J  3.0^ 

21 

.019 

.093 

29-9tJ8 

.125 

69.5 

77,7 

63.0 

14.7 

22 

29,098 

.071 

.949 

.122 

69.9 

77.5 

63.2 

14.3 

23 

.984 

.045 

.926 

.119 

69.8 

78,2 

62.0 

16.2 

24 

30.tM)3 

.077 

.9<J0 

.117 

70.3 

77.7 

63.0 

14,7 

25 

.009 

.008 

.949 

.111) 

70.9 

77,2 

66.0 

11.2 

26 

.on? 

.UH 

.975 

.113 

68.5 

75.6 

63.0 

12.6 

27 

.031-1 

.110 

.987 

.123 

67.4 

76.0 

60,0 

15.0j 

28 

.084 

.171 

30.017 

.154 

64.9 

74.0 

58.8 

15.i 

29 

Jl^> 

.168 

.012 

.126 

64.3 

72.7 

57.0 

15.1 

30 

.05tt 

.129 

29,994 

.135 

65.7 

76.4 

67.8 

I7.<^ 

31 

.036 

.114 

.969 

.146 

68.6 

78.5 

60.2 

The  Mean 
Tliermo  meter 
■eyerai  hours 


Height  of 
Means  are 
during  tbe 


tbe  Barooiclo 
derived  I  from 
day* 


r,  as  likewise  tbe  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 

tbe  Lourly  obserTatious,  made  at  tli^ 


nfn 


Wforohgicnl  Ohstrratitmf. 


AhtViict  of  the  Jiemlh  of  Ihe  Hourly  M^teorohgical  0b9ewation9 

iaken  al  Ike  Sm^veyor  General's  OJlce,  Calcutta, 

in  ihe  month  of  Decemher   1871. 


Diiilj  Means,  Ac.  of  tl»©  Obserrah'ons  and  of  the  Hjgrometrical  ©Ic^mentf 
d  cpen  dent  ill  ei-eon . — (Con  tin  ueJJ 


PaU. 


, 

V-. 

t« 

c*^    t-     _• 

9^ 

^ 

hU 

^ 

o 

c  h 

o  o  fl 

CJ 

^ 

Pi 

i 

p.  el 

f t1  s 

1 

si 

4) 

1 

is 

p 

i 

1 

o 

Is 
1? 

^ 

P 

o 

o 

;^ 

s- 

-^               1 

ES!^ 


-I 


I! 


69.1 
67.2 
63.3 

60.7 

61.8 

63.6 

65.3 

63.1 

628 

62,6 

63J 

63.(3 

62,1 

59.9 

61.2 

63.» 

C2.0 

C2.3 

63/2 

65.1 

6L5 

61.5 

64.4 

65,5 

6i>0 

63,1 

61.8 

59J 

68J 

60.1 

623 


Inches. 

0.623 
M7 
A7& 
.411 
.475 
•503 
.53'J 
,W0 
.4.S5 
.478 
.4.01 
A99 
.4tJ2 
.43  i 

Am 

.501 
.473 
.480 
.5^3 
.539 
.632 
*527 
.625 
.551 

Mn 

.503 
.478 
.4t5 

An 

.452 

.4ua 


T.gr. 

T.gr. 

C.81 

2,37 

.18 

.89 

5.22 

,(10 

4.87 

.64 

6.24 

.22 

.53 

.37 

.92 

.28 

•50 

.36 

.33 

,48 

.26 

.65 

.43 

.70 

.50 

.45 

.oa 

.74 

480 

AQ 

5.18 

.08 

.67 

1.98 

.23 

2.38 

,n 

.33 

.61 

.15 

.93 

.15 

.86 

.02 

.79 

.19 

.77 

,18 

6,08 

.00 

.50 

1.73 

5.51 

2.11 

.28 

.11 

4,05 

1.90 

.69 

2.00 

5.02 

.00 

.44 

.23 

0.74 
.68 
.04 
.65 
.70 
.70 
.72 
.70 
.68 
.67 
.67 
.69 
.65 
.66 
,71 
.74 
.09 
.69 
.72 

.7a 

.74 
.73 
.73 
.75 
.79 
.72 
.71 
.73 
.70 
.72 
.71 


H/groiaetrical  elemenU  sue  c<jmTj>i\Aj^\>'5  ^q  ^x^ftw vitw  Q*Q\A\»ssi.^ 


Meteorological  Observaiioni. 


XCUl 


Ahelract  of  He  Jlesnlts  of  the  Uourli/  Meteorological  OlnervationM 

taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calculla^ 

in  the  mouth  of  December  1871. 


Hourly  Me«m,  ke,  of  the  Obsorni lions  nml  of  the  Ilygromctrical  elements 
depoiulent  tliereon. 


•s« 

Aange 

of  tlie  13flroinoter 

jO 

KnnjEfc  of  (lie  Tompera- 

- 

for  enrh  Jioiir  < 

luring 

ture  for  eot-li 

hour 

1 

the  montl 

. 

0 

during 

1 

the  month. 

Hoar. 

p| 

1 

1 

Max. 

Min. 

Diff. 

1-^ 

Max. 

Min. 

Diff. 

Si 

S^ 

Liclies. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Mid- 

Aight 

80.015 

30.150 

29.914 

0.236 

65.4 

71.0 

61.0 

10.0 

1 

.036 

.141 

.905 

.236 

64.7 

70.5 

60.5 

10  0 

2 

.026 

.125 

.898 

.227 

64.1 

70.0 

59.3 

10.7 

8 

.017 

.118 

.894 

.224 

63.6 

69.4 

69.1 

10.3 

4 

.017 

.129 

.899 

.230 

63,1 

69.0 

58.8 

10.2 

5 

.029 

.137 

.910 

.227 

62.6 

6S.0    ' 

68.0 

10.0 

6 

.043 

.145 

.920 

.225 

62.1 

67.6     1 

67.5 

10.0 

7 

.064 

.165 

.940 

.225 

61.9 

67.5     , 

67.0 

10.6 

8 

.091 

.178 

.979 

,199 

64.8 

71.4 

69.7 

11.7 

9 

.114 

.196 

30.006 

.190 

68.7 

74.7 

62.0 

12.7 

10 

.117 

.197 

.003 

.194 

71.6 

78.1 

64.7 

13.4 

11 

.099 

.176 

29.978 

.197 

73.9 

81.0 

66.S 

14.2 

KOOQ. 

.068 

.141 

.915 

.196 

75.6 

82.0 

68.9 

13.1 

1 

.032 

.104 

.911 

.193 

76.6 

82.2 

70.fi 

11.6 

% 

.008 

.077 

.808 

,179 

77.6 

82.5 

72.4 

10.1 

d 

29.993 

.071 

.888 

.183 

77.5 

82.2 

72.7 

9.5 

4 

.989 

.065 

.880 

.185 

76.3 

81.2 

71.8 

9.4 

6 

.997 

.072 

.899 

.173 

7t.9 

79.6 

71.0 

8.6 

6 

30.007 

.082 

.912 

.170 

72.1 

77.0 

i\SA) 

9.0 

7 

.023 

.096 

.930 

.166 

70.4 

75.6 

66.2 

9.4 

8 

.041 

.126 

.919 

.177 

68.9 

71.8 

64.5 

10.3 

9 

.055 

.146 

.9.59 

.187 

67.7 

73.4 

62.5 

10.9 

10 

.061 

.149 

.971 

.178 

66.8 

72.5 

61.6 

10.9 

11 

.057 

.165 

.970 

.185 

65.9 

71.8 

61.0 

10.8 

The  Mean  Height  of  the  Barometer,  as  likewise  the  Dry  and  Wet  Bulb 
Thermometer  Means  are  derircd  from  the  obser rations  made  at  the  sererai 
tooTt  dmriag  the  montlu 


^^^p~ 

Meteorological  Olstrtaiiom*     '^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 

Abitraci 

of  the  RennlU  of  the  Ho%tI^  Meteoralo^icMl  Obaermtioui  ^| 

iAken  at  ike  Sttt^e^or  General*^  Office,  Cakntlu^                  ^H 

in  ike   monik   of    Bect^m^/er    187 L                      ^^^H 

8o1ar  Itadiation^  Wt^oilier,  kc                                    ^^^^| 

i 

li 

Wind. 

^^^^^^H 

rrevailinff 

Gener&l  aspect  of  tbe  Sky-       J 

m 
^      ^ 

a1 

S  -n^          direction. 

es    so 

■ 

■ 

o 

Inciieft 

lb 

Miles 

1 

W     1 

136.0 

-' 

wsw 

... 

93.4 

\i  to  6  F.  If.  B  aRerwards*  ^j 

Slif;htlj  foggy  at  S  p.  sx.          ^H 

2 

137.0 

... 

W^W&NNE 

... 

9LI 

B  to  2  A.  u,,  vi  to  7  A.  M.  ^1 

B  rif'terwnrds.                               ^H 

3 

135.4 

E  N  E  AN  N  E 

.,. 

110,2 

B  SiigUtly  foggy  at  8  Jt  d  H 

i 

135.5 

... 

NNE&NW 

«*i 

77.2 

B.  Slightly  foggy  from  7  ta        J 

, 

Up.  u^                                     H 

6 

132,6 

».* 

N  W 

♦  ♦♦ 

66.5 

Chiefly  B.                                ^H 

<j 

135.0 

N W& WSW 

... 

54.8 

B.  Slightly  foggy  from  5  to 

7 

133.0 

f. 

WS  WAWbyN 

... 

60.fi 

i   A.  M. 

Chiefly  B. 

tt 

132.0 

•.. 

W&N 

»*■ 

134.8 

B.  Sli*i?htly  foggy  from  9  ta 
Up.  M.' 

9 

135.0 

.*i 

N4tw:xw, 

i.« 

124.8 

B.    Slightly  fogg^*  at  mid- 
Dight  <&   1  A.  M.,  i&  from  9  to 

11  P.M. 

H 

1340 

... 

WNW&W 

,.. 

57.0 

B.  Slightly  foggy  at  6  A^^ 

4,                                                  ^^^H 

H  1^ 

136.0 

... 

W  A  W  I?^  W 

•  «. 

89.3 

l^H 

H  ^^ 

132,8 

.*. 

W  by  ?*  it  W 

... 

7(*.ti 

B.  Slightly  foggy  from  8  ta 

10  p.  M. 

H 

135.5 

W&WN  W 

... 

90.7 

B. 

■   14 

132.8 

wj>r  w 

-*• 

84.7  1 

Chiefly  B. Slightly  foggy  at 
9  k  10  p.  M. 

1   ^^ 

130.8 

*.( 

WNW 

*** 

75.6 

B  to  1  p.  M.,\i  to  5  p,  M. 

B  afterwards.   Slightly  foggy  H 
at   tuidiii^ht                                ^H 

1  ^^ 

127.5 

*'• 

WNW 

•"* 

71J 

B  to   6  A.  M..  \i  to  6  p,  K.  ^H 
B  afterwHrda.  SlighUy  fog^y  ^H 
from  f>  to  8  a.m..  ^  7  to  9  p.  m.  ^B 

I     ^^ 

130.0 

"* 

WNW&KNE 

«•* 

81.8 

Chiefly  B.  Slightly  foggy  at  ^1 
8  k  i>  P,  M.                                        ^B 

H       18 

135.2 

1**    ^ 

NNE&SS W 

■  •• 

109.9 

B.  to  5  A.  M..  \i  tn  5  P.  ST.         ] 
B  afierwardg.  Slightly  fuggy  ^J 
at  8  &  9  p.  x.                             H 

H 

132.0 

..■ 

SS  W^S w 

•  >■ 

63.1 

B  to  9  A.  M.,  \J  afterwards.  ^H 
Slightly  foggy  from  8  to  10  ^H 

8  to  2  A.  K.,  \i  to  4  A.  M.  3  ^1 

H      20 

132.5 

... 

sw 

•  ■> 

46.6 

to  7  A.  M.,  N  i  to  3  p.  M.  B  af.  ^1 

ter wards.  Slightly  foggy  from  ^1 

7  to  10  p.  n .                                     J 

1      ^^ 

131,0 

E  by  S  &  S  E 

63.4 

B  to  11  A.  M..  ^i  to  3  P.  K.  ^J 
B   aftenrards.  Slightly  foggy  ^H 
at  5  <k  6  A.  M.,  &  iroia  7  to  10  ^1 
P.M.                                                             1 

H      \i  Cirri,- 

-i  Strati,  '^i  Cumuli,  v^i  Cirro-strati,  '^iCanmlo*»trati,  Vv^iNimlii,          1 

^H       Vi  Cirro- 

cumuli,  B  cleiur,  S  stzmtoaii  0  overcast,  T  Uiunder,  h  lightniog    ^J 

^■^         Eraio^ 

D  drizzle,                                                                                              ^H 

XCVl 


MeUorological  Observations. 


Abstract  of  the  Results  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological  Observatioks 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  General's  Office,  Calcutta^ 
in  the  month  of  December  1871. 
Solar  Eadiation,  Weather,  &c. 


u    , 

0,     0^ 

a 

|i 

F*^ 

(5 

^^"^ 

WlKD* 


Prevailing 

direction. 


&4J 


j^  ^    General  «^ect  of  tha  Skj, 

'3    o 


0 

22  1340 


23 
24 
25 
26 

S7 

28 

29 

m 

SI 


13a  J 

135.0 

13S.4 

133.0 

T3L0 
13hO 

13L6 

132.0 

135.4 


TncLes 


3  E  iS^  E  S  E 

ESE^  S  SE 

SSE.&SW 

SW&WN W 

W  K  W  &  N  W 

N  W 

N  N  E  A  ir  N  W 

J*^  by  W  dt  N  W 
N  W 


Mtlei 
B1A 


6h2 

37.0 

m4 

132.1 

85.2 

180.2 

101.0 

72.7 

68.3 


B  to  11   A.  M..  ^1  to  4  p.  M- 

B  aftm^arda*  SligLtly  ^^g^Y 
at  6  «&  7  A.  M.»  i&  from  7  to  10 

B  to  11  k.  ir„  '"i  to  4  p.  If., 

Vi  afteri^artli. 
B  to  10a.  M-,V.^i  afteTwarda, 

Sligkilj  fopgy  at  9  &  10  p.  in. 
^i  to  3  A.  ii,£  to  11  A.  M., 
i  to  6  p,  M .  B  ftfterwardi- 
B  to  1 1  ^.  II.,  ^i  to  3  p.  V. 

B  after  war  da. 
B. 
B.    Slightly  foggy  at7  &  8 

p.  h; 
B  Fogjry  from  9  to  1 1  p.  h* 
B.    Ff>pgy  ot  midnight  ^  1 

L.  w.,  <&  In  A  !1  p.  n. 

B.    Slightly   fo g py  a t  m id* 

night  &  from  8  to  li  p.  H* 


\i  Cirri, — i  Strati,  '"i  Cumuli,  v-i  Cirro-strati,  ^\.i  Cumulo- strati,  v^i  Nimbi, 
W  C/rro-cumnli,  B  clear,  S  stratoni,  O  overcast,  T  thunder,  L  lightning, 
-ft  ruin.  T)  (Irizzlt^. 


disiraei  of  the  ReiulU  of  the  Hourly  Meteorological    ObservaiionM 
taken  at  the  Surveyor  Generate  Office,  Calcutta, 
in  the  month   of  December   1871. 
Monthly  Ebsults. 


Incliea- 

Mean  lieip[lit  of  tlie  Baromefer  for  tlie  month...  ...  ...  30.043 

liax.  lieiglit  of  the  Barometer  occurred  at  10  a.  m.  on  the  14th.  ...  30.11)7 

Jlin.  height  of  the  Barometer  occurred  nt  4  p.m.  ou  the  1st.  ...  29.880 

jE>/i*tfmtf  i'tfM^re  of  the  Barometer  (luring  the  mouth  ...  ...     0.317 

Uean  of  the  daily  Max.  Pressures      ...  ...  ...  ...  30,118 

Ditto        ditto       Min.        ditto         ...  ...  ...  ...  29.986 

Mean  daily  range  of  the  Barometer  during  the  month    ...  ...    0.132 


o 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Tliermometer  for  the  month        ,.,  69.0 

Max.  Temperature  occurred  at  2  p.  m.  oh  the  1st.  82.5 

Min.  Temperature  occurred  at  7  a.  m,  on  the  29th.  ...  67.0 

Extreme  range  of  the  Temperature  during  the  month         25.5 

Mean  of  tlie  daily  Max.  Tem])erature  ...  ...  77.7 

Ditto       ditto        Min.        ditto,        ...  ...  61.8 

Mean  daily  range  ef  the  Temperature  during  the  month...  ...  15.9 


Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer  for  the  month    ...            ...            ...  63.1 

Mean  Drv  Bulb  Thermometer  above  Mean  Wet  Bulb  Thermometer  5.^ 

Computed  Mean  Dew-point  for  the  mouth          ...             ...             ...  68.4 

Mean  Dry  Bulb  Thermometer  above  computed  mean  Dew-point  ...  lO.d 

Inches. 

Mean  Elastic  force  of  Vapour  for  the  month    ...  ...  ...    0.496 


Troy  grain. 

Mean  Wei  ght  of  Yapoiir  f or  th e  m  on  th  ...  ...  ...      6 .  46 

Additional  Weight  ot   Vai)Our  required  for  complete  saturation    ...       2.30 
Mean  degree  of  humidity  for  the  month,  complete  saturation  being  unity  0.70 

o 

Mean  Max.  Solar  radiation  Thermometer  for  the  month  ...  133.6. 


Inches. 

Eained  no  days, — Max.  fall  of  rain  during  24  honrs       ...  ...      Nil 

Total  amount  of  rain  during  the  month  ...  ...  ...      I^il 

Total  amount  of  rain  indicated  by  the  Gauge*  attached  to  the  anemo- 
meter during  the  month       ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     Nil 

Prerailing  direction  of  the  Wind W.  N.  W.  &  N  W. 

*  Height  70  feet  10  inches  abore  ground. 


^m    xcviiL 

^^^"            Mefeoraloifical  OifserraflaHi*,        ^^^^^H 

1 

le        & 
S      *^ 
S      B 

U 
1  n 

L        IP 

■    liT^ 

F    ^SE.? 

2  o  e  c 

i  •si 

^      to 

no  UIBJI 

uo  ui«^ 

M 

*P^*-^<^H^^i-^r^P^*-Hi^l^P^                    »H                    (^ 

AL'K^M 

FNii— lOififSf-Hi          r-^f—lf-^t-Hi— li-<f^ 

*UO  UIU}{ 

•uo  n}t?j] 

«0   «OCDiOiO^^^tO^«0OtlOC^4OOCP9qSCOeOfiOce«D 

\\i\^Al 

<Q  ®«c^«>«QoaDaDccii>*»>*k^iO'^«^oo4oaoaoaDaDflDAao 

•uo  Uttljf 

^    ^^^4,^^r^^«0<O?9>-^Qq3O>^^'7igqi-^^^^i^<-l 

uio  iiinji 

Ai 

«   e6  <0  «  «  C3  CO  W  r-4  »-*  1-H  pH  1-^  W  ^  C9  «-^  ^  d  CW  ^  OQ  d  «« 

•no  ui^}] 

«— •  ^Ni 

MtO  UW}J 

'A\'f!'A^ 
'UO  utTr|[ 

C3    0q9Q9<IG«i^e(|G99tMg«949l^eO9(t9(|91«M94'M'M9494 

"AV'S 

»»   NOT<M»I««3<l«-«»-<i-<0«IW©JOT?5CQ«W«C»SCQCOSO« 

■uo  utu^i 

AV  S  "S 

^M,-(«-i^r-*.-«.-i,--»»-i            ^^            rt^^^p^,-,rH»-^ 

uo  Ullffl 

*A\  ^q  *S 
-uo  niifjj 

-«                                      H 

■uo  ull^|| 

fH 

UOUIU^J 
uo  U111}J 

uo  uiuji 

t3 

^^-1    yiNi  4-^  i>^  ir^  1-H  v-4  i-IipH  p^  i^         p^  ^-1  ^  CJ  Oi  rH  "-^  ■-••-»•-•  f*  «-» 

1    ^ 

^,^,p4^^p^«P^«-«fH^^Q494S4               r-«i-»f-<#Nr-4*Hr-»f-l 

"?r  s  T^r 

r^     ,^  ,-(  ^-#  ,-««-<  p-^  ^^  »-|  ^-t  PNt  ^  P^  ^^                          l-f  «-|  r-l  »-Hi  .-^  i~l  F-4 

no  umji 

'8  ^q  •?! 

^^f-^<^4|-Nf-Nt-HI-^^-(iP^^^P^                                                                                                        <-^ 

'UO  um>[ 

'?! 

-no  uiiiji 

uo  mxt)] 

H  'K  '?T 

•uo  UITI}] 

91  p^  *-^  tn  01  o« 

uo  U11?J| 

*uo  niBH 

04  ©a  w  sQ  OTCOtQ  cocc  eo  CQN      Fi  ^ -^  ^  t^  eo  CQ  ca  w  CO  P5 

r:T  A^q '  ?c 

9) 

•uo  UIU^] 

K 

'jnoH 

^H 

APPENDIX. 


LIST  OF  MEMBEES 

OF  THB 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BEMAL, 

ON  THE  31sT  December,  1870. 


LIST  OF  OBDINABT  MEMBERS. 


The  *  difliiBgotslie*  Non-SubsGiibing,  and  ihef  Non-Beddent  Memben. 


N.  B, — Gtotlemen  wbo  may  bave  obang^ed  theur  reeidenoe,  siikoe  this  lisi 
was  drawn  np,  are  requested  to  give  intimation  of  btuAi  a  cbange  to  the 
Seereiarietf  in  order  that  the  necessary  alterations  may  be  made  in  the 
aabsequent  edition. 

Gentlemen  who  are  proceeding  to  Europe,  with  the  intention  of  not  return- 
ing to  India,  are  partioukrly  requested  to  notify  to  the  SeereUirieMf  whether 
it  be  their  ^ire  to  continue  as  members  of  the  Sodety. 


^kteofmeetton. 

• 

1847  June    2. 

♦Abbot,  Major-Gen.  J.,  R.  Artillery. 

Europe 

1860  Dec.    5. 

Abdullatff  Kh&n  Bab&dur,  Maula^i. 

Calcutta 

1868  Sept.  2. 

fAdam,  R.  M.,  Esq. 

Sambhar  Lake 
vi&  Jeypdr 

1869  Jan.  20. 

Adley,  C.  C.  Esq.,   C.  E.,  Nerbudda 

Cold  &  Iron  Co., 

Gnnwarra  Cen- 
tral India 

1860  July    4. 

tAhmad  Khan,  Saied,  Bahadur. 

Allighur 

1860  April  4. 

tAitchison,  J.  E.  T.,  Esq.  M.  D. 

Rawul  Pindee 

1859  Feb.     2. 

♦Alabaster,  C,  Esq. 

China 

1866  Jan.  17. 

Allan,  Lieut.-Col.  A.  S. 

Calcutta 

1869  Oct.     6. 

♦AUardyce,  A.,  Esq. 

Europe 

1852  July    7. 

♦Allan,  C.  Esq.  B.  C.  S. 

Europe 

1867  Aug.    7. 

fAmery,  C.  F.,  Esq. 

Amritsar,  Pan- 
jab. 
Calcutta 

1860  Oct.     3. 

Amir  jQi  Khan,  Bahadur,  Munshi, 

1870  June    1. 

tAmeer  Hussun  Khdn,  Bahfidur,  R6ja. 

Mahmudabad, 
Oudh 

1865  Jan.  11. 

♦Anderson,  Dr.  J.,  F.  L.  S. 

Europe 

1843  Sept.   4. 

•Anderson,    Lieut.-Col.    W.,   Bengal 

Artillery. 

Europe 

1864  Dec.     7. 

♦Anderson,  W.,  Esq. 

Europe 

1861  Sept.   4. 

♦Asghur  Ali  Khdn,  Bahddur,  Nawab. 

Europe 

1869  Feb.    3. 

♦Ashton,  The  Rev.  J.  P., 

Europe 

1861  July    3. 

♦Asphar,  J.  J.  T.  H.,  Esq. 

Europe 

1855  July    4. 

Atkinson,  W.  8.,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.  L.  S. 

Calcutta 

1869  Feb.    3. 

tAttara  Singh,  Bahddur,  Sird6r, 

Loodianah 

^^M 

1 

m 

^ 

1 

^^^^^^^^^^^^55^^^ 

^T     ldS5  Oct. 

7. 

•Baker,  Col.  W*  E.,  Bengal  Eiigiaoers. 

Europe 

^^_I85ll  Aag. 

3. 

UtiUti'lianda  Sinlia,  Bibii, 

CalcntU 

^H|8G5  Nor. 

1. 

fBall,  v.,  E^.,  Geal.  Survey. 

Geul.  8.  Omoo 

^^"l^r.O  Nov. 

7. 

Banerjea,  The  Rev.  K.  M., 

Cttlt'Utta 

lsr,i*  Dec 

1. 

BarkiT,  R.  A„  Esq.,  M.  D,, 

Serampore 

iMjl  Mny 

4, 

•Bany,  Dr.  J.  B., 

Euttipa 

^       1S02  Aog. 

6, 

tBaaevi,      Capt.    J.    P.,    Kayal    En- 
gineers, 

Mnaatiria 

«   1 

B      I860  Jnly 

4. 

tBatten,  G-  H.  M.,  E=sq.,  B.  C.  8. 

Agra 

■              iy3-S  JaD. 

3. 

♦Biitten,  J.  U.  E^i.,  B.  C.  8. 

Europa 

1851.*  Mny 

4. 

♦Bfljley,  E,  C,  E:*q.,  B.  C.  8.,  C.  S.  I. 

Kuiojie 

1861  Feb. 

6. 

tBayley,  S.  C,  Esq.,  B,  C,  S. 

Prttna 

L       mCS  Miij 

6. 

♦Biiynea,  J.,  Esq. 

Europe 

■       isr/.i  FeU 

a 

t  Baxter,  J.  B.,  K^q.,  M.  R.  a  8. 

Port  Oauning 

■      l^rj  June 

6 

•Beadon,   The    Hou'ble  Sir  Cecil,  B.  1 
C.  S. 

Guro})^ 

H     1864  Sept. 

7. 

tBeames,  J.,  E.sq.,  B.  0.  S. 

Balii»cire 

■      1841  April 

7. 

Beaufort,  F.  L.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  8. 

OalcutU 

~       1847  Aa^. 

4, 

♦Beckwith,  J.,  E^iq. 

Europe 

1867  Jaly 

S. 

fBelletty,  N.  A.,  E^.,  CivU  AssiaUnt 

Surgeon. 

MyuioiiHiug 

H      I860  Jun. 

20. 

tBeliew,  Dr.  P,  F.. 

Miidrafl 

^      1H30  S.t^.t. 

1. 

*Bensou,  Lieat.-Col.  R., 

Europe 

,             I8t)2  Oru 

8. 

tBernai-d,  C.  E.,  l^^i^,  B.  0.  8- 

Nggptir,C«otrMl 
Proviricea. 

H      1862  June, 

4. 

tBhau  Baji,  Dr. 

Bouibay 

■      1864  Nov. 

2. 

Bhudeva  Mukerjea,  BAbn, 

Cbiniiurali 

■      184U  Jaly 

15. 

♦Biri'h,   iMajor-General  Sir  R.  J.  11., 
K.  C.  B. 

Europe             M 

^ 

■      1846  Mar. 

4- 

♦Blagrave,  Major  T.  C,  26tli  Regt., 
B.  N.  I. 

Europe             H 

H 

H      1859  Sept. 

7. 

♦BUne,  CoL  Sir  S.  J., 

Europe              H 

^^M 

■      1857  Mur. 

4 

Bhmford,  H.  F.,  Eiq.,   A.  R.   S.  M. 
F.  G.  S. 

Calcutta            1 

H 

1859  hng. 

3. 

jBlanford,  W.  T  Esq.,   A.  R.  8-  M., 

F.  G.  S.,  Geol.  Survey. 

Qeol.  8^  Omm  1 

H 

1864  April 

6. 

Blocbmann,  H.,  Em\.,  M.  A. 

Calcuttfi             H 

^^M 

1857  Aug. 

2. 

♦Bogle,  Lieut.  Col.  Sir  A.,  Kt. 

Eun)pe              H 

^^M 

1869  J»ue 

2. 

Bounerjee,  W.  C,  Esq. 

Ctiloutta            H 

^^M 

1859  Oct. 

12. 

fBowriug,    L.  B.,   Esq.,  0.  S.  U  B 
C.  S. 

^yaore             H 

H 

1868  Jiiu. 

15. 

♦Boxwcll.  J.,  E^q,,  G  S. 

Europe              ■ 

^^M 

1854  Nov. 

1. 

•Boycott,  Bn  T.,  B.  M,  8. 

Kutope              H 

^^M 

1H6U  Miir, 

2. 

fBrandi^   Dr.  D,, 

India                  ■ 

^^M 

186U  Oct. 

IL 

^Braiidretb.  The  Hon^ble  J.  K.  L,, 

l^urope              H 

^^M 

1870  Ang. 

a. 

Broadlev,  A.  M,,  Eski-,  C.  8. 

I'titna                ■ 

^^M 

1866  April 

4. 

•Broderiek,  U.  C,  K«q,,  M.  D. 

Europo              H 

1 

1^^ 

^^i,^.^-^^^^             t,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

^^^ti^^^^ 

1 

^^^^^^^P                                                                                  ^^^^B 

^H             'batoofKl^^Uoti.    1 

^M 

^H          1847  *Tiine« 

♦> 

*Brodre,  Capt.  T.,  5thllegt,B.  N,  L 

Europe               ^^H 

^1          1866  Jan.  1 

17! 

tlirown,  Col.  D., 

Uangoon             ^H 

H         1866  Nov. 

7. 

fBrowne,  Lieut. -Col.  Horaee  A., 

TbayetmOfBri'  ^M 
tibh  Burma       ^| 

^B          1866  June, 

6. 

fBrownfieia,  C,  Esq. 

K^inriip              ^H 

^M          1868  June, 

3. 

tBiick,  EC,  Epsq.,  C.  S. 

Fumickabaii       ^H 

^H           ISGG  JanOj 

6. 

fBackle,  Dr.  H.  B.,  C.  B. 

Dacca                  ^H 

■          1856  Sept. 

a. 

Bosbirnddiu,  Sult^a  Mobamniad| 

Cbinsurali          ^H 

H           1869  Jan.  ! 

20. 

fCadell,  A.,  Esq.,  B.  A.,  C.  8. 

Mo/.affernagar    ^H 

H          1859  Sept. 

7, 

•Cainpboll,  Dr.  A., 

Europe                ^H 

H           18<i3  June, 

3. 

*Ottinpbell,  Tiie  non^ble  Or., 

Europe               ^^| 

^1           IBfiO  Jan. 

8. 

tCarnftc,  J.  II.  Rivett,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Nig  pur               ^^M 

^1          1867  Dec. 

4. 

tCliaml>ers,  F.  J,,  Esq. 

Lucknow            ^^M 

H           1868  Aug. 

5. 

f  Chandiiimobana  Gro*iViimi,  Pundita 

GowUati       ^^^^B 

H          1863  Aug. 

5. 

f Cbandnmttba  Riya,  R^ja, 

^^^H 

H          1868  ¥iih. 

5. 

fCliirk,   Majur  E.   G.,    Bengal    Staff 

^^^1 

Corps. 

Baraitch.Oudb  ^H 

^m          1863  April, 

1. 

*Clegborn,  Dr.  H., 

Europe               ^H 

■          1861  Sept. 

4. 

fCookburn,  J.  F.,  Esq.,  0.  E. 

Karbarbdri  ^^M 
Colliery             ^^M 

H          1868  Nor. 

4. 

fColo,  Lieut.  II.  H.,  Royal  Engr. 

Sialkot                ^H 

^m           1862  April, 

2. 

*Colle8,  J.  A.  P..  Esq.,  *M.  D. 

Europe               ^^M 

H           1851  Mar. 

5. 

♦Coivin,  J.  H.  B.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  8. 

Europe               ^H 

^1           1868  Dec. 

2. 

tCooke,  J.  E-,  Esq. 

Hiddarlbad        ^^M 

H           1860  Dec. 

6. 

♦Cooper,  F.  IL,  E^q.,  B.  a  8. 

Europe              ^^M 

^1           187(J  Jiitie, 

1. 

♦Coucb,  Tbc  Hon'ble  Sir  R.,  Kt. 

Europe         ^^^^^ 

^1           1S57  Mar. 

4, 

*Cowell,  E.  B.,  E^q.,  M.  A, 

Europe         ^^^^1 

H           1806  May, 

2. 

♦Cox,  W.  H.,  Esq. 

Europe          ^^^^1 

H            1861  Inly, 

3" 

♦Crockett,  Oliver  R.,  Esq. 

^^H 

■           1868  Sept. 

2. 

Cittsem,  E.  Ch,  Van,  Esq. 

Calcutta            ^H 

H           1862  April, 

2. 

*D.ilryraple,  F.  A.  E.,  Et^q.,  C  8- 

Europe        ^^^H 

^m           1847  JuQc, 

2. 

tDalton,   CoL  E.   T.,   C.  S.   L,    Staff 

^^^H 

Corps. 

CbLotdNagpiir  ^H 

H           1870  May, 

4. 

fDamaiit,  0.  H.,  Esq.,  C.  8. 

Diuagepr)re        ^^| 

H            1861  Mar. 

6. 

*Davey,  N.  T.,  Esi^,  Revenue  Sarv., 

Europe              ^^t 

H            180  L  Na^. 

6. 

tD.^vie3,  R,  11.,  Esq.,  C.  8.  L,  B.  C.  S. 

Paujab          ^^^^t 

H           1869  April 

7. 

tDav»  Dr.  F.,  F.  L.  S.,  F.  Z.  S, 

^^^^M 

H           1870  Feb. 

2. 

tDeFubeek,    F.  W.  A.,    Esq.,   Beugal 

^^^H 

Medical  Service, 

Jeypore             ^H 

H           1869  Oct. 

6. 

fDehuerick,  J.  G.,  Esq. 

Rdwul  Pindi      ^H 

■           1864  July, 

6. 

Devendra  Mjillika,  Baba, 

Calcutta              ^1 

^H           1856  June, 

4. 

jBeBourbol,  Major  R.,  Bengal  Engrs. 

Oudh                  ^1 

^H          1861  Jutie) 

5. 

♦Deiiison,    His    Excellency    Sir    W.» 

^H 

K.  C.  B. 

Etiroj)e              ^H 

^^^    1861  Mftr. 

C. 

■ 

♦Devereux,  Tbe  Hon^ble  H.  B.,  B.  0. 8 
1 

Eutope         ^^^H 

Bute  ofEledacnu 

1862  M^y,    7. 

1853  Sept.  7. 
1870  April,  6. 
1870  May,  4 
1869  Sept.    7. 

1869  Feb,  3. 
1864  Dec.  7 
1867  June,  5 

1870  Mar,    8 


1861  May, 
1857  May, 
1868  Oct. 
1840  Oct. 
1863  May 
1865  Feb. 
1846  Jan. 
1859  Nov. 
1856  Mar. 


1854  Nov.  1. 
1861  Jan.  9. 


1856  Aug. 
1863  Oct. 
1862  Aug. 


fDbanapati     Singba    Dngbar,     R6ya 

Bahadur. 
♦Dickens,  Lieut. -Col.  C.  H., 

Dickens,  Col.  A.  D. 

Dobson,  G.  E.,  Esq.,  M.  B., 
fDouglas,  Col.  C, 
tDrew,  F.,  Esq. 
♦Dunlop,  H.  G.,  Esq. 

Dutboit,  W.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 
♦Duke  of  Edinburgh,  The,  His  Koyal 
Highness, 


1851  May,  7. 
1863  Jan.  15 
1869  April,  7. 

1868  May,    6 

1869  Sept.  1. 
1860  Mar.  7. 
1865  April,  5 
1867  April,  3 
1859  Oct.   12 


1861  Feb.  6 
1863  June,  3 
1868  April,  1 

1860  Mar.    7 


♦Earie,  Capt.  E.  L.,  Bengal  Artillery 
♦Eatwell,  Dr.  W.  C.  B., 
tEddowes,  W.  Esq.,  M.  D. 
♦Edgeworth,  M.  P.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 
tEdgar,  J.  W.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 
•P^gerton,  Ph.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 
♦Elliot,  Sir  Walter,  late  M.  C.  S. 
fElliot,  C.  A.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 
♦Ellis,   Lieut.-Col.   R.   B.   W.,    23rd 

Regt.,  B.  N.  I. 
♦Elphinstone,  Capt.  M.  W.,  3th  Regt., 

B.  N.  I. 
♦Erskine,  The  Hon'ble  C.  J.,  Bombay 

C  S 
♦Erskine,  Major  W.  C.  B., 

Ewart,  Dr.  J., 
♦Eyre,  Col.  Vincent,  C.  B. 

Fayrer,  Dr.  J.,  C.  S.  I. 
fFedden,  Francis,  Esq.,  Geol.   Survey. 
fFerrar,  M.  L.,  Esq.,  B.  A.,  C.  S. 
tField,  C.  D.,  Esq.,  M.  A.,  C.  S. 
JFisher,  J.  H.,  Esq.,  C,  S. 
♦Fitzwilliam,  The  Hon'ble  W.  S., 

Fleming,  Dr.  J.  M. 
fFord,  Lieut.-Col.  B., 
fForlong,  Lieut.-Col.  J.    G.  R.,  Mad- 
ras Staff  Corps. 

fForest,  R.,  Esq.,  Civil  Engineer. 
tForsyth,  T.  D.,  Esq.,  C.  B. 
♦Frederic  of  Schleswig  Holstein,  H.  R 

H.  Prince, 
♦Frere,   His  Excellency  Sir  H.  Bartle 

K.  C.  B.,  B.  C.  S. 


Azimganj 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Mirut 

Kashmir 

Europe 

Mirzapi'ir 

Australia 

Europe 

Europe 

Eriupur 

Europe 

Cachar 

Europe 

Europe 

Allahabad 

Europe 

Europe 

Europe 
Europe 
Calcutta 
Europe 

Calcutta 

Hinganhdt 

Sitapiir 

Chittagong 

Allahabad 

Europe 

Nimar 

Khundwa. 

A  1)11,  Rijpu  ta- 
na 
Dchra 
JuUundar 


Europe 
Europe 


T« 


r^nBKSsr 


nAi>Mh)ni  Kn«K«iA  ItiKa.^^ts   K«invA\ 

!lWWv.  \\\  U.  IU|.,  IV  A..  l\  *. 

♦Honrv.  N\  A .  K>o. 

*HoiWWK  \Y.  J..  W.  R  0.  5^ 

tUowoU.  M.S.  ltKr.l\8. 
fUuifluN^  T.  It.   Rx>v,  A.IU$.  M 
V\  i^  8..  0^h4.  Swrx^y, 
1867  Aug-    I-  tHl^Jlu>^  0^|>i*iu  \\\  U,»' 


l$«6 
l$61 

ISM 

1S6S 

ISTO 
18T0 


Sot*  1. 
Oct.    S. 

Oct.  li 
A«^.  tS. 
Ai^iU  4. 
JwW.  ^ 
M«^,  I. 
Al^GT^    ^ 

July.  1. 
Jau.  & 
Jiiu^«  1. 
Jmu  l.V 
Aug*  li« 


18l>7 

1860 


Not.   4 
VVk    7. 
May»   L 
April,  1.: 
Sopt.   Lj 


fUolixnM.  0*pt.  W.  H>  M. 


18GG  Mar-   7.  tirviuo.  W,,  Kj^^»  i\  S» 


ISlU)  Jan.  4 
1870  April,  (I 
1802  iVt,  8. 
1853  1)00.    7. 


1864  Si>pt 

1841  Mar. 

1801  1Kh\ 
1845  l)iH2. 
1870  Sopt 
I8(m  Fob. 
1847  Juno,  *2 

1802  Mar.    5 


1807  Deo.    4 

185J)  at»pt.   7 
1805  Juiio,  7 

1809  April,  7, 

IHOIJ  July.  1 

1K50  April,  n 

1801  Doo.  15. 


\^aU-wua 

AK\aKW,Wwv 
n\a 

iVloutU 
OaWulU 


lumvi.  Lioiit.-lVU  J.  J.  MoIi<khIIU  K.OaloulU 


lauoa,  R  \\\  Ks.j.,  M,  \K  i\  M. 
♦Ir\viii»  ValoutiiUN  Kjhk*  1\  8» 
tlavaripraaaiU  8iugUii  lU)vA\hiri  lUjii 

Jackson,  Tht*  Uon*Wt*  K., 
MaokHou.  W.  U..  Kmj..  \l  {\  », 
♦.lauHH*,  Major  U»  U,,  0.  ll» 
Monlou»  Dr.  T.  i\ 

John,  U.  1\  St.,  K*i. 
•JohuKon,  W.  Il.»  Kmp 
^JohuMtono,  J. I  Kmj, 
tJoliUNtoui«,  i'Mpt.  »l,  W.  11.,  AMtMani 

(lon\niiM«iouor, 
tJolniHtonOi  (lapt,  J, 


♦Jonoa.  tt.,  Kan. 
tJnvakiHNon,    liAan    Dahildur, 

0.  H.  I. 
Kal)iru(l<iin  Alimadi  Moulavli 
«Kano,  II.  H.,  Kmi.,  M.  D. 
•Kay,  Tho  lUv.  W.,  D.  D. 
tKompMon,  M.|  KNq.,  M.  A, 


lUJa, 


OalonU(% 

Oalouttii 
K\\io|>o 

Knropii 
AK\ah 
8 1  al  Koto 
Kui^tpo 

Jholuni 
Koonjaa   vii\ 
Uliatli-aok 
Kuro|w 

AlllKlmr 

('aloitKn 

Kuro|iit 

Kur«ipo 

HnruAll 


^^^^^^B                                                                          ^^^^1 

^H            i»itiB  or  inootioD. 

H            1867  Dec.    4. 

tKlhj?,  0-,  Esq.,  M.  B. 

DoUra  Dhoon 

H            1867  Man    6. 

tKiug,  Capt.  H.  W. 

Oftico 

H            1862  Jnn.  15. 

tKing,  W.,  Jr.,  Esq.,  GeoL  Survey. 

Madras              ^m 

^H            lS<i7  Mar.    0. 

tKuox,  G.  E.,  Esq.,  C.  8. 

Bnland^hahnr    ^| 

H            18G9  May,    5. 

Kuiz,  S*,  Esq, 

Calcutta,  Bota-  ^1 
nio  Oarwleu            J 

H            1S89  Mar.    6. 

*Laidky,  J.  W.,  Esq. 

En  rope              ^^H 

■            1861  Mnr.    6, 

♦Laing,  The  Hou^ble  8., 

Europe             ^^M 

^1             18G9  Se>pt  1. 

Latham.  G.,  Esq.,  C.  E. 

Calcutta            ^H 

^1            18(39  Mny.   5. 

t Leeds,  K.  J.,  Esq.,  0.  8. 
*Lees,  Lieut.-CoL  W.  N.,  LL.  D. 

Mirzapiir          ^^M 

H            1852  April,  7. 

Europe             ^^M 

H            1808  Feb     5, 

fLees,  L.  n.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

UiiLbula            ^^1 

H            1808  July,  1. 

fLeilner,  ]j.  G.  W., 

L^hor               ^M 

H            1859  Dec.    7. 

♦Leonard,  H.,  Esq.,  0.  E. 

Eniope             ^H 

H            1870  July,  6. 

♦Lethbridge,  E.,  Esq.,  3L  A. 

Ougti  College,  ^H 
Cfiinsurab       ^H 

H            1809  June,  2. 

fLeupolt,  J.  C,  E^^q.,  C.  S. 

Azimgarh         ^H 

^1            1865  Jnao,  7. 

♦Lewiu,  Capt.  T.  IL, 

Europe             ^H 

■            1856  Feb.    G. 

*Liohig,  Br.  G.  vou 

Europe             ^^M 

H             I860  Jan.    4. 

Lindsav^,  E,  J.,  Esq* 

Calcutta            ^H 

■             1802  Bee.    8. 

*Lobb,  S.,  Esq.,  M.  A.                          i 

Krinlinaggnr     ^H 

H             1864  Nov.   2. 

Locke,  U.  H.,  Esq. 

Cidcntta            ^H 

H            18G0  April,  7. 

♦Lockwood,  E.  D.,  Esq.,  C,  S. 

Europe              ^H 

^1             i860  Uay,  2. 

♦Lovett,  Lieutenant  B. 

Lspaliiiu             ^^M 

^1             1866  Jan.  17. 

fLow,  James,  E^^q.,  G.T.  S. 

Almora        ^^^^| 

H             1854  Nov.    1. 

♦Lushington.  F.  A.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Europe       ^^^^1 

■            1869  July,  7. 

fLyall,  0.  J.,  Esq.,  B.  A..  C.  S. 

Allahabad  ^^H 

H            1870  April,  6. 

fLyman,  B.  Smith,  Esq. 

Calcutta           ^H 

H            1868  Dec.    2. 

fMacauliffo,  M.,  Esq.,  B.  A.,  0.  8. 

Mozurfurghur    ^H 

H            1806  Juno,  6. 

M  acdo  n  fthi ,  M aj  o  r  J . ,  8  taf f  Corps. 

Culcntta            ^M 

H            1848  April,  5. 

fMaclngan,  Col,  R.,  F.B.S.E. 

Labor               ^H 

H            1866  Jan.  17. 

fMacgregor,   Lieut.-Ool  C.   M,,  Staff 

^^^H 

Corps. 

^^M 

H            1853  April,  6. 

♦Macrae,  Br.  A*  C, 

Europe        ^^^H 

■            1867  July,  B, 

Mackeuzie,  S.  C,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

Calcutta            ^H 

H            1867  July,  3. 

Macnamara,  Dr.  C. 

Calcutta            ^H 

H             1870  May,   4^ 

Macnaghten,  C,  E^q. 

Daibhunga        ^H 

^1             1868  Jan.  15. 

♦Maine,  The  Hon  ble  H.  S., 

Europe              ^^M 

H            1807  AprU,  3. 

1  Main  waring,  Lieut.  *Gol,  0,  B., 

Barjeeling         ^^M 

^1            1860  Jan.    4. 

*Mair,  B.  K.,  Esq.,  M.  A, 

Europe             ^H 

^1             1862  Sept.   3. 

jMallet,  F.  R„  Ei^q.,  GeoL  Survey. 

Geol.  8.  Offieo^l 

H            1852  Nuv.    3. 

Mauickjee  Rustonijoe,  Esq. 

Calcutta            ^M 

■             1867  Mar.    6. 

♦Markby,  The  Hou'ble  W,, 

Euro|>e             ^^M 

■            1809  July,  7. 

tMarkham,  A.  M.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Nyuce  Tal        ^M 

^^L            1850  Jan.    2. 

♦Marshmau,  J.  C,  Eik^. 

Europe       ^^^H 

^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^H 

^^^H 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Km      '  itmT                            &S^^^^^^M 

^^^^^^^^^^^^B 

^^K          I^e  of  Electkm. 

^H 

^^K386B  nTiy.   4. 

♦McClellftntl  Dr.  J., 

Europe            Jj^^l 

^^Vl^37  Oct.    4. 

♦Meli^XMl,  Tho  Hou'l.te  Sir  D,  F,,  03. 

^^^H 

K.  C,  S.  I.,  B.  C.  S. 

Europe           '^^^H 

H       1860  Mar.    7, 

tMedlicott,    H.   B..  E=*q.,   F.    Q.    S,. 

^^^H 

Geol.  Survey. 

Geol.  8.  offici       ^H 

H       1861  Feb.    r>. 

♦Melville.  Capt.  A.  B.,  Staff  Corps. 

Europe             ^^^H 

■       1855  Nov.    7, 

♦Middleton,  J.,  E>4q, 

Europe             ^^^^H 

■       1870  July    6. 

Miller,  A.  B.,  Esq. 

Calcutta           ^^^1 

H       18U7  Jnne  5. 

Milman,    D.    D.,    Tbe    Rfght    Rev. 

^^^H 

Lurtl  Bishop  of  Calcutta,  R., 

CaloatU            ^^^1 

H        1850  Ai)nl  8. 

•Mill8,  A.  J.  M.,  Esq.,  B.  C.  S. 

Europe             ^^^H 

■        18G7  April  3. 

Maheuilralftlft  SftrftCiira,  Dr., 

Calcutta            ^^^1 

■        1S47  April  7. 

*Muuey,  D.  J.,  Esq.,  B.  0.  S. 

Europe              ^^^^| 

■        1^56  Fell.    6. 

tMuriey,  W.  J,,  E,^„  0,  S.  L,  B.C.S. 

Mymuiifiiiig       ^^^H 

■        1867  Mar.    6. 

tMoDtgomerie,  Major  T.  G.,  R.  E. 

Dera                  ^^H 

■        1854  Dec,    6. 

*Morris,  G.  a,  Esc£.,  B.  0.  8. 

Europe             ^^^H 

■        1837  July    5. 

*Muirj  J  .  E^q. 

Europe            ^^^H 

■       1854  Oct.  11. 

fMuir,  Tbe  Hou'ble  Sir  W,,  K.  C.   S, 

^^^H 

L,  B.  C.  S. 

A114Mb4d         ^^M 

^^^862  July    2. 

fNapior  of  Magflala,  Lord  R,,  General, 

^1 

G,  C.  S.  L,  G,  0.  B-                      , 

^^^H 

H       1809  Mat    5. 

Nevill,  G.,  Esq.,  C.  M.  Z.  S. 

^^^1 

^^^1809  May    5. 

jNewall,  Lieut.-Col,  D.  J.  F.,  R,  A. 

f^walior            ^^^^| 

^^p|870  Feb.    5. 

fNewman,  J.  H,,  E^q.,  M.  D. 

Ji  1  n  d  pur             ^^^^1 

H 1865  Feb.    1. 

fNewul  Kisbwar,  Mnusbi, 

Luckuow                ^^M 

■       1852  Sept.  1. 

*Nielioll3   Capt.   W.    T.,   24th  Regi- 

^^^H 

uieut,  M.  N.  L 

Europe             ^^^H 

H       1863  Jm,  15. 

Norman,  Tbe  Hon'ble  Mr,  Justioe  P,, 

Calcutta             ^^H 

■       186'J  July    7. 

fNurf^iiig  Rao,  A.  V.,  Esq. 

Vizagapatam      ^^^H 

H       1851  Juue  4. 

Oldbam,    T.,  Esq,,  LL  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

^^H 

Superintemleut  0*?^^l.  Survev. 

^^^1 

H       1869  April  5 

fOldham,  W.,  Enq.,  LL-  D.,  CJ  8. 

Ghazipur           ^^^H 

■        1867  Aug,  7. 

fObUmra,  R.  A.,  E.q.,  C.  E, 

Dehree^onSone       ^^M 

■        1870  April  6. 

Osbom,  Capt,  R,  D., 

Calcutta              ^^H 

■        1837  June    7. 

*0'Shaugbne^y,  Sir  W.  B., 

Europe             ^^^H 

■       1847  Feb.  10. 

*Ousely,  Major  W.  R., 

Europe            <^^^H 

^m     1864  Mar,    2. 

♦Palmer,  Br.  W.  J., 

Europe                  ^H 

H      1868  Nov.    4 1 

fPearson,  C,  Esq. 

Ra\vnl  Ptndt          ^H 

H      1862  May    7, 

Fartrbige,  8.  B.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

Calcutta                 ^H 

H      1869  July    7 

Pell,  S.,  K^q. 

CalcutU           ^^^H 

■       1867  Feb.    6. 

♦Paul,  J.  Eriq. 

Europe            ^^^H 

^^^r                                       ^^B^^^^l 

^H               pAte  or  tulection. 

^H 

^m          I860  ieb.    1.  tPearse,  Major  G.  G., 

uannanoro           ^^| 

^M           1867  Mftr.    6.    Petinmulmim  Mukarji,  M.  A.,  Bibu, 

Uttarpdrali          ^H 

■          1864  Mm-.    2. 

rellevv,  F.  H  ,  Esq.,  0.  S. 

Hoogbly  ^            ^H 

^1          1865  Sept.  6. 

fPeppe,  J.  U.,  E>q. 

Onya             ^^H 

H          1868  May    6. 

tPoterson,  F.  W..  Esq. 

Boiiilmj        ^^^^H 

H          1867  Nov.   0. 

♦Pt'lit,  Mmus.  Eti^tMie, 

Euiopa         ^^^H 

H           1835  July    1. 

♦Pliayic,  Cul,  Sir  A.R,K.C.SX,C.B  Europe         ^^H 

H          1864  Nu>r*   2 

Phcuir,  Tbo  Ooi/ble  Mr.  Justice,  J.  B.  Culniltft       ^^M 

■           1800  Feb.    B 

fPickford,  J.,  Esq.                                    |jVlmlra»               ^H 

^B           18G7  Sept.  4. 

^ Place,  Mrm.s.  Y.^  Confitil-Oen.,  France' Etn ope         ^^^^| 

^1           1870  Feb.    2 

tPowell  BHden,  H.,  Et?q  ,  C.  8. 

Lidiore          ^^^^B 

H           1^62  Oct.     H. 

tFiiliiiavrliiiri  Sf'n,  UAlnu 

Berliuiripur   ^^^H 

■           18';8  April  1. 

f  Pniinivlbnuatba  liayn,  Kunifir, 

Di*<»ipiiti             ^H 

^1            1869  Feb.    B. 

PrMti^piichamlra  Glio^bar  B.  A. 

Calcutta             ^H 

H            183iJ  Mar.    6. 

tPuitl,  The  Veu'bk  AichUeacon  J.D., 

^H 

M.A.                                               ICnlcuttft            ^H 

H           1825  Mar.    9. 

♦Priu^ep,  C,  K,,  Esq. 

Europe              ^H 

H           1B56  Mar.    5 

Rajendralfilfl  Mitro,  B^Ui, 

Calcnttft            ^M 

^M           1868  Jan.  15. 

|Eiikbubbis.H  IIiiltLira,  BoIjU, 

ChotnNsgpdr    ^1 

H           1S37  Fob.    1. 

liaiuiin^llin  Tbiikura,  Balm, 

Calcutta             ^M 

H            1866  Jan.  17. 

|RiittrMy»    A,,    Kbq.,    Asst.  Coininr.^ 

■ 

Hill  Tracts. 

CliittngoTtg        ^H 

H           1860  Mar.    7. 

1Roid,  11    a,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Aildbabad         ^1 

^H            1857  June  7. 

♦Kitiikll,  Tbe  Hori'blo  H.  B.,  B.  C.  S.  Eniope               ^H 

■            1868  April  1. 

Bobb,  G.,   Eh].                                        lOnleirttft             ^M 

H            1868  July    1 

iBoberts,  Tbc  Kev.  J., 

Punjab         ^^H 

^1            1863  April  1 

<^Bobt^rt>oii,  C,  Ehq-,  0.  8* 

Europe         ^^^^1 

^M           1865  Feb,    1 

*RubinHOi^  S.  H,,  Egq. 

Europe         ^^^^1 

H           1847  Dec.    1 

^Rogers.  Capt    T.  E., 

Europe         ^^^H 

^1           1870  Pec.    7. 

Rogers,  A.,  Esq. 

Calcutta         ^^H 

H            1869  July    7. 

*Bc^s.  Lieut.  J.  C,  R.  E. 

Europe         ^^^^H 

^1           1870  Jan.    5. 

fRoss,  Alexander  G.,  Capt.,  Staff  Corps. 

^^H 

H           1870  Mny    4. 

Saty&itand  Gbosbila,  Rajft. 

GalcnttA             ^1 

■           1^61  Dec.    4 

fSaandeiB,  C.  B.,  E«q,,  C.  B.,  B.  C.  S.  ILnd.urAbJid        H 

■            1864  jQoe   1. 

SauiiderR,  J.  O^B.,  Esq.                         Calcutta              ^H 

■           1854  Dec.    6. 

jSaxton,  Col.  G.  H.^  F.  G.  S.,  Madias                             H 

Staff  Corps.                                           Ootacntuund       ^| 

H           1854  May    2. 

*Sduller,  F  ,  Esq. 

Europe                 ^H 

H           1870  May    4 

tSchlich,  Dr,  W., 

Kuracitee            ^H 

H           1869  Feb.    3 

Scbwondler,  L,.  E«q, 

Calcutta             ^^M 

^1           1860  Feb.    1. 

*Scott,  Gol  E.  W.  S*, 

Europe         ^^^^1 

^1           1869  Aug.   4. 

•Selbach,  W.,  Esq, 

Europe         ^^^^H 

■           1860  July    4 

tSbeiverton,  G.,  Esq. 

\Vn)tuir,    neS^^H 
Vizagapataiu    ^H 

^^^^B      Cat«of£tectioo. 

^^^H 

^^Vl867  April  3^ 

tSberifal  Omrah,    Nawab  Sir,   Bas- 

^^H 

ilar,  K.  C.  S.  L 

Madraa           ^^^^| 

H       1845  Jan.  14. 

*Sher«ill,   Lieut.^Col.    W.    S.,    66tb 
R.gimenl.  B.    N.    I.,     F.     G.    S., 

^H 

¥.  R   G.  S. 

^^^^H 

V       1868  Oct.    7. 

Shircore,  Dr.  S,  M., 

^^^H 

^L       1868  April  1. 

tSbowtjrs,  Lieut, -Col  C.  L., 

Pcshiiwtir        ^^^^H 

^1       1869  June   2. 

Sulirooiler,  J  ,  E'-q. 

^^^H 

^H       1866  Juue   6. 

fSime,  J.,  Esq..  B.  A, 

^^^H 

^1       1864  Sept.  7, 

^Siudeii,  Mjijor  B.  B. 

Europo             ^^^^^1 

^^H  1856  June   6. 

f  Smait,  11,  B.,  Esq.,  Eev,  Survey. 

Ryjpur,     Cea-  ^^^H 
tnil  FmvincQ        ^H 

^^^1865  July    5 

tSmith,  T>.  Boy*?s,  Esq  ,  M.  D. 

^H 

H       1868  April  1. 

tSuiith,  MuLuix^ii  W.,  Esq. 

Beihampdr            ^^t 

H       1856  Feb.    G. 

*8miih,  Col,  J.  F., 

Etu'ope                   ^H 

^1       18M  Sept.  6. 

♦Sparikie,  The  Hou*bie  R,,  B.  C.  S. 

N.      W.      P.       ■ 

Allahnbad             ^^M 

H       1864  Mar.    2. 

fSpearmati^  Capt.  11.  R.^ 

Shtve^ryeri               ^H 

H       1867  May     1. 

1Sted,  Lieut.  E.  H  ,  R  A. 

Dehn  i^vimr              ^H 

^1       1843  8ept  4. 

tStevcns  W.  H.,  Enq,,  C.  E. 

Darbhanga            ^^M 

■       1867  Dec.    4. 

♦Stuph^u,  iMajor  J,  G.,  8tlx  N.  L 

Europe                  ^^M 

■       1868  Sopt.  2 

1  Stewart,  R.  D.,  E^q. 

Serajgunga              ^^M 

■       1864  April  6 

*8tuwiirt,  J.  L.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

KuiO[)e                     ^^1 

H       1870  April   6. 

Stewiirr,  R.  E^q. 

Calcutta          ^^^H 

H        1861  Sept.  4. 

Slokes,  Wbillt^y,  Esq, 

Calcutta           ^^^1 

■       1863  Nov.    4 

StuliczkH,  F.,  tsq,.  Ph.  B.,  F.  G.  8., 

^^^H 

Gi^ol.  Survey. 

CalcQiU          ^^H 

H       1843  hUy    3. 

Sirudiev,  Col.^  The  Houlile  R.,  F.  R. 

^^^^^H 

S.,F  L.S.,F  G  8.,  0,  S.  L,  G.  B. 

^^^^1 

^^H1869  Feb.    3 

Strachey,  The  Hon'bk^  J., 

CulcutU          ^^^1 

^^■1^59  Mar. 

fStubbs,    3lHJor   F,    W.,   Ben.   ArtiU 

'^^^H 

Icry. 

^^^1 

H       185S  July    7. 

fSutlierlAtia,  H.  C,  Esq.,  B.  C.  8. 

'^^^M 

■       1864  Aug.U. 

Swiiihoe,  W.,  Esq,                                  i 

CuUutta           ^^^^B 

■       1863  Sept.  3 

Syiiuiachuraria  Suracdra,  BiAbUi 

Calcutta           ^^^H 

H       1865  Sept.  6. 

Tawney,  C.  H.,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

^^^1 

■        1865  April  5, 

Taylor,  R  ,  E^q  , 

^^^^1 

■       18  6U  i^lay    2. 

Teujple,  The  Uoii'hle  Sir  R.,  K.  C. 

^^^H 

S.  L.  B.  C.  S. 

Calcutta           ^^H 

H       1859  Mar.    2. 

frhi?oh.^ld,  W.,  Jr.,   Esq.,   Geological 

^^^H 

Survey, 

B.  Burma        ^^^^H 

H       1869  Feb.    3. 

fTboTunft,  T.,  Esq, 

^^^^1 

■        1869  Got.     6. 

tThomttoD,  A.,  Esq. 

FriiKibad            ^^^^| 

^1        1860  Juue  6. 

♦Thouipsou,  J.  G.,  E^q. 

Europe             ^^^H 

■^  1863  Mttr.    4. 

♦Thompson.    Major    G,     H.,   Bengal 

^^^H 

Staff  Corp!*, 

^^^H 

^r^       Mco^fleettaL 

■ 

H         1863  Jtme   4. 

fThomtoa,  T  H  ,  E^„  B.  C.  L.»  0.  S.  Uhore           j^^H 

■        1847  JQQfl  2. 

Thnilli^r  Cul  H.  L.,  Koyal  Ajullery»i                        ^^H 

F.  R   S..  C.  8.  I.                             iCaIcqIU          ^^H 

H        1862  Jnlj    2. 

♦Tliarlow,  The  Hon'blo  T,  J.  H^ 

Bunipe            Ji^^l 

■        1865  July    5. 

tTolbort,  T.  W^  H.,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Der«       Igmai^^^l 
Khan                   ■ 

Calcutta                 ^1 

^^B  1865  Jn\f    5. 

Tonnerre,  Dr.  C.  F.p 

^^H  18G2  Feb.    5 

♦Turrens,  C4.  H.  D,,                              Eumpe            ^^M 

^^^H  1^61  Jitue   5 

^Tremlelt.  J.  D.,  Esq.,  M.  A.,  C.  S.     Europe           ^^H 

^^H  186a  M;ir.    4, 

♦Trevtjhttn,  The   Bight    Hon'ble    Sir 

^^m 

c .  k.  C.  B. 

El)  rope          ^^^^H 

H         1841  Feb.    a 

♦Trevor,  The  Hon'ble  C  B.,  B.  C.  8. 

Euiojte           ^^^^H 

^1         1861  Sqit.   4. 

Tween,  A.,  Esq.,  Geologicsd  Survey. 

^^^H 

H         186a  Muy     6. 

fTyler.  Dr,  J., 

Mynpnri         ^^^| 

■         18G9  June    2. 

fUdavacbanda  DiUta,  Bibn, 

NowacoU              ^H 

■        1860  May    2. 

tVan'renen,    Col.    A.    D.,    Ben.   SUS 

^^^H 

Corps. 

Landou          ^^^^^| 

H        1864  Feb.    Z, 

Yerchere,  A.  M.,  Esq.,  M.  D. 

Barackpora    ^^^^| 

H        1864  April  6. 

fVijayar^raii    Gajaputi    Kaj      Munnii 

^^^H 

Saltan  Bahadur,  Miharajah  iMirzii^ 

Vidian  agamm^^^^H 

^■^    1870  June   1. 

fVrindavauttcbandi'a    Maudala,  Bubu, 

Balasore                ^H 

^^m  1869  Augt.  4. 

Wahid  All,  Prince  Jfthfin  Qadr  Mu- 

H 

hamtnad)  Bahildiir. 

Garden  Reock      ^M 

■        1865  Nor.    1. 

WaUHe,  D.,  E«q..  F.  C  S. 

CalcUtU           ^^H 

■         1861  Miiy    1. 

fWalker,    CoL,    J.   T.,    Royal  Engrs. 

^^^^1 

Bombay, 

^^H 

H         1863  Deo.    2. 

tWaiker,  A.  G.,  Esq,,  C.  S. 

Ouao,  Oudh          ^^M 

^^_    1N63  May     6. 

*W.ilU  p.  AV.,  E>q.,  C.  8. 

Europe            ^^^^| 

^^m  1869  Dec.     1. 

Wallace,  Lieut.  W.  E.  A.,  R.  E. 

^^^H 

^^H  1863  Oct.     7. 

Waller,  W.  K ,  E.q,,  M.  B. 

Caleutta         ^^^H 

^^m  1862  Jan.   15, 

fWard,  G.  E.,  Esq,,  B.  G.  S. 

^^^H 

^^m  1852  July     7. 

♦Ward,  J.  J ,  Em^.,  B.  0.  S. 

^^^H 

^^m  1859  July    6 

♦Warratid,  R  H.  M.,  Esq.,   B.  C.   S. 

^^^^1 

^^"  1870  May    4. 

tWarth,  Dr.  H., 

I'jtid     Daduu      ,^H 
KbaUjPaujab     ^H 

■         1865  May    3. 

Waterhouse,    Capt.    J.,     Royal    Ar- 

^H 

tillery, 

Calcutta              ^M 

H        1854  July    5 

♦Watson,  J.,  Esq.,  B.  0.  8. 

Ell  rape            ^^^^^ 

■        1847  Nov.    3 

♦Wangh,    Mwjor-Geuerul     Sir    A.   S., 

^^^^H 

C.  B',  F.  R.  S.,  F.  R.  G.  8. 

Europe          ^^^^| 

H         1869  Sept.  1. 

We.stlaud,  J.,  Esq.,  C.  8. 

^^^H 

■         1867  f^b.    & 

tWcstm&uott,  E.  V.,E.sq,,B.  A.,  C.  8. 

D  i  nu  j  par         ^^^^| 

■         1862  Oct.     8. 

t Wheeler,  J.  T.,  Enq, 

British     Bar-     ^H 

H         1867  Aug.   7' 

tWUcox,  F.,  Esq.,  Bengal  Police. 

Purulia,  Mau<      ^H 
bhiim            ^^^H 

xm 


biteorCle«iia^ 

» 

1864  Mar.    2.    Wilkinson.  C.  J.,  E«q. 

CalcntU 

1861  Sept.   4.  tWilliams,  Dr.  C.  U.  M.'s  68th  Regt JiUngun 

1867  Jan.  16.  *Willianison,  Lieut.  W.  J., 

Europe 

1867  Mar.    6.    WiUson,  W.  G.,  K^.,  B.  A, 

Krit^buagnr 

1870  Aug.   S.     Wilson,  R,  H.,  K>q.,  C.  S. 

Calcutta 

1859  Aug.   8.  »Wa«iot,  C.  W.,  K>q. 

Europe 

1866  Mar.    7.  *Wise,  Dr.  J.  F.  N„ 

Eurone 
Ranctii 

1867  July    S  .  tWood.  Dr.  J.  J., 

1851  May     7.!    Woo^lrow,  H.,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

CalcutU 

1859  Mar.    2.i  ♦Wortley,  Major  A.  H,  P,, 

Europe 

1862  Aug.    & 

•Wylie,  J.  W.,  Esq.,  BomUy  C-  S, 

Europe 

1869  Sept.  1. 

Yadnlila  Malika,  B4bn, 

CalcutU 

1868  June   3. 

Tatindrauiohana  Tblknra«  Bibn, 

CalcutU 

1867  Mar.    6. 

Yogendrauitha  Malika.  Bibu» 

Andul 

1858  April  4.  *Youn<c,  Lieut.-CoK  C.  B., 

Europe 

1856  July    2. 

♦Yule,  Col.  H.,  R,  K. 

Europe 

LIST  OF  HONORARY  MEMBERS 

• 

Due  or  KICctH 

to. 

1825  Mar. 

9. 

182«      „ 

1. 

1829  July 

1. 

1831      „ 

7. 

1834  Nov. 

5. 

1834      „ 

5. 

1h35  May 

6. 

1842  Feb. 

4. 

1842      „ 

4. 

1843  Mar. 

30. 

1847  Way 

5. 

1847  S«pt. 

1. 

1847  Nov. 

3. 

1848  Feb. 

2. 

1848  Mar. 

8. 

1853  April 

6. 

1854  Aug. 

2. 

1858  July 

6. 

1859  Mar. 

2. 

!  M.  Qarcin  de  Tassy,  Membre  de  Ilnst.  Paris 
Sir  Jobn  PbilHppart.  London 

Count  De  Noe.  Paris 

Prof.  C.  Lassen.  Bonn 

Sir  J.  F.  W.  Herscbel,  F.  R.  S,  London 

;  Col.  W.  H.  Sykes,  F.  R.  S.  London 

-  Prof.  Lea.  Philadelphia 

iDr.  Ewald.  Gottingen 

i  Right  Hon'ble  Sir  Edward  Rynn,  Kt.  London 
;  Prof.  Jules  Mold,  Momb.  «lo  I'  lustit.  Paris 
His  Highness  Hekekyuu  Bey. 
Col.  W.  Munro. 
His   Highness   the   Navvab  Na/.im   ofi 

Bengal. 
JDr.  J.  D.  Hooker,  R.  N.,  F.  R.  S. 
jProf.  Henry. 

Major-Gen.   Sir  H.  C  Rawlinson,  K. 

C.  B.,  F.  R.  S.,  D.  C.  L, 
Col.  Sir  Proby  T.  Cantley,   K.  0.  B 

F,  R.  S. 
B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 
The  Hon'ble  Sir  J.  W.  Colvile,  Kt. 


Egypt 
London 

Murshidftb^d 
Kew 

rrineoton^Uui- 
ted 

London 

London 
Europe 
Europe 


xv 


ELECTION  IN  1870. 
Ordinary  Members. 


Allan  O'Hnme,  Esq.,  C.  B.,  C.  S. 
J.  Wood-Mason,  Esq.,  F.  G.  S.,  Queen's  Col- 
lege, Oxford. 
Capt.  Alexander  G.  Ross. 
Fred.  Wm.  Alexander  de  Fabeckj.Esq. 
J.  FI.  Newman,  E-^q.,  M.  D.,  Mount  Aboo. 
Baden  H.  Powell,  Esq.,  C.  S. 
His  Roval  Highness  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh. 
Col.  A.*D.  Dickens. 

F.  W.  Junes,  Esq.,  M.  D.,  C.  B. 

B.  Smith  Lyman,  Esq. 
Capt.  R.  D.  Osbom. 
R.  Stewart,  Esq. 

G.  H.  Damant,  Esq.,  C.  S. 
G.  E.  Dobson,  Esq  ,  M.  B. 

C.  Macnaughten,  Esq. 
Raja  Satyanand  Ghoshala. 
Dr.  W.  Schlich. 

Dr.  H.  Warth. 

Rjija  Ameer  Hussun  Khan  Bahadur,  Talukdar. 

W.  W.  Hunter,  Esq.,  B.  A.,  LL.  D. 

The  Hon'ble  Sir  R.  Couch,  Kt. 

Babu  Vrindavanachandia  Mandala 

E.  Lethbridge,  Esq.,  M.  A. 

A.  B.  Miller,  Esq. 

A.  M.  Broadley,  Esq.,  C.  S. 
R.  H.  Wilson,  Esq.,  0.  S. 

B.  F.  A.  S.  John,  Esq. 
A.  Rogers,  Esq. 


Calcutta 

Simla 

Jeypore 

Rajpootana 

Lahore 

Europe 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Philadelphia 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Dinagepore 

Chinsurah 

Darbhanga 

Calcutta 

Sind 

Pan  jab 

Mahmudabad 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Balasore 

HugU 

Calcutta 

Patna 

Calcutta 

Akyab 

Calcutta 


LOSS  OF  MEMBERS  DURING  1870. 
Bt  Retirement. 


W,  M.  Bourke,  Esq. 

T.  E.  Coxhead,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

Baron  0.  Ernsthusen. 

J.  A.  Crawford,  Esq.,  C.  S. 

E.  G.  Man,  Esq. 

W.  L.  Granville,  Esq. 

Col.  G.  B.  MallesoQ. 


Calcutta 

Sarun 

Calcutta 

Calcutta 

Rangoon 

Calcutta 

Mysore 


xvu 

^A 

f  death. 

J.  Kavanagh,  Esq, 

Oudh 

R.  Jardine,  Esq. 

Agra 

Lieut.  E.  C.  Beavan. 

Calcutta 

Babn  Rddhdndtha  Sikd&ra 

CalcQtta 

M.  H.  Ormsby,  Esq.,  LL.  D. 

CalcntU 

Bdba  Kdliprasanna  Sinha. 

CalcutU 

J.  Avdall,  Esq. 

Calcutta 

Major  J.  J.  Hovenden. 

Europe 

The  Hon'ble  Sir  Raja  Dconarain 

Singh, 

Ba. 

hadur,  K.  C.  S.  I. 

Benares 

Dr.  T.  Anderson,  F.  L.  S. 

Europe 

[appendix.] 


ABSTRACT  STATEMENT 

OF 

RECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMENTS 

OF  THE 

ASIATIC  SOCIETY  OF  BENGAL 

FOE 

THE  YEAR  1870 


STATEMENT, 
Abstract  of  the  Oa$h  Account 


jEUSOBIPTS* 


ADVI88ION  7bV8. 

BeoeiTed  ftt>iii«Membeni,   ••• 

SlTBSGBIFnOVS. 

Aeoeived  from  MemberB,    ••• 

Publications. 
Bale  proceedfl  of  Jonmal  and  Proceed- 

ings  of  the  Asiatic  fiooiety, 
Bubsoription  to  ditto, 
Befnnd  of  Postage  Stamps, 
Ditto  of  Freight,  ... 

Ditto  of  lithographing  6hargeB» 

LiBBABT. 

Sale  proceeds  of  Books,  ... 
Befdnd  of  Freight,  ••• 

Ditto  of  Postal  Stamps, 

Sbcbraki^s  Omcm.  . 

Beftmd  of  the  amount  from  the  Tms- 
tees  Indian  Hnseom,  the  ezpendi- 
tore  inonrred  in  transferring  the 
Society's  Publication  to  Kyd  Street, 

Ditto  of  Freight  paid  for  sending  PaU 
Type  to  Messrs.  Trfibner  and  Co.,.. 

Ditto  of  packing  charges. 

Ditto  of  Postage  Stamps, 

Sundries, 

Conservation  of  Sanscrit  MSS. 

Beceived  amonnt  of  donation  made  by 
the  Coondoo  family  of  Dacca  to 
Government  for  the  conservation  of 
Sanscrit  MSS., 

Ditto  from  the  Aoconntant  Oeneral  of 
Bengal  on  account  of  the  annaal  sum 
Bs.  8,100  sanctioned  towards  the 
conservation  of  Sanscrit  MSS.  for 
the  first  half  1870-71,  ... 

Ditto  from  the  Government  of  Bengal, 
as  per  bill,  dated  27  th  June,  1870, 
by  a  Cheque  on  the  Bank  of  Bengal, 

Befund  of  advance  paid  to  the  travel- 
ling  Pandita, 

Ditto  of  ditto  ditto  to  Poreshnath 
Chatterjee, 

Sale  proceeds  of  4  copies  of  Notices  of 
Sanscrit  MSS., 


1870.  1869. 

Bo.      864    0    0  1,632    0    0 

../  8,812  10    0  9,180  12    0 


4.23  14 

0 

.  1,370  11 

0 

78  4 

8 

9  4 

0 

26  0 

0 

.   652  0 

0 

97  10 

0 

8  4 

0 

1,908    1    8   1,636    9    6 


762  14    0      752    6    0 


,   265  10 

8 

1. 

14 

0 

0 

5 

3 

6 

2 

•4 

0 

0 

4 

3 

„« 

287 

6 

0 

8  13    6 


1,000  0  0 

1,550  0  0 

1,079  2  9 

30  0  0 

40  0  0 

4  0  0 


3,703    2    9 


Carried  over,  Bs.  16,323    2    0 


No.  1. 

of  the  Asiatic  Society  for  1870. 


DISBURSEMENTS. 
Publications.  1870.  1869. 


839  3 

0 

3,972  3 

3 

229  10 

8 

61  9 

9 

8  15 

0 

61  6 

0 

16  0 

0 

5  15 

8 

Paid  fi'Di^'-bt  fur  aetidbg  Jonmal  and 

Froceedinga  to  MeBers,  AVilliams  and 

Norgttt©,     ..*  ,„  ...         44  15    6 

Ditto  Litliograpliing   and  Engraving 

charges^ 
Ditto,  Printing  cbarges,  ... 
Ditto,  Pisrchaae  of  Postage  Stamps, ... 
DittOj  Gmirni^wKin  t>n  ^ji^b  of  Books,... 
Ditto,  Binding  charges,  ... 
Ditto,  Paper  for  Plates,  fta, 
Ditto,  Purchase  of  Journal, 
Ditto,  Petty  charges. 

Library. 

Fiiid  Mesfirs,  Wliliums  and  Norgate  for 
pui-cha£B  of  Library  Books  as  per 
their  order^  dated  IGth  July,  1870, 

£80  at  1-lOi  p«r  Hupoo,                ...  8152  14  8 

DittOj  SaUry  of  the  Librarian,           ...  840    0  0 

Dittoj  Eisttibiiahmentj      .,.                  ...  120     0  0 

Ditto,  Commission  on  sale  of  Books,...  73  14  6 

Ditto,  Purchase  of  Books,                   ...  416    4  8 

Ditto,  Landing  charges,  ...                 ...  21     5  9 

Ditto,  Book-binding,        ...              ^  ...  79    0  0 
Ditto,  Subscription  to  the  Calcutta  Re- 
view,          ...                ...                ...  16    0  0 

Ditto,  Freight,                  ...                 ...  2  13  0 

Ditto,  Bearing  Postage, ...                 ...  3    4  8 

Ditto,  Postage  Stamps,    ...                 ...  8     10 

Ditto,  New   Mat    for   the  Librarian's 

Room,         ...                 ...                 ...  20    0  0 

Ditto,  Petty  charges,      ...                 ...  13    9  0 

Secretary's  Office. 

Paid,  CMrarrnl  Establiibmont, 

Ditto,  Sttrytary^flOMco  Eaiubliiihiiient,  1,524     9 

Ditto,  Purchase  of  Postage  Stamps,*.- 

Ditto,  ditto  of  Stationery, 

Ditto,  Iiisiifficietit  Postage^ 

Ditto,  Deuring  Postfigo,  ...  ,,, 

Ditto,  rriiitiiig  charges,  *,, 

Ditto,  Salary  of  a  Puijkha  mjui, 

Ditto,  Book-binding  cbargt^^  „, 

Ditto,  Farchaao  of  Amiy  LiBfc, 

Ditto,  Fee  for  Stamping  25  Cheques, , 


294 

0 

0 

t,  1,524 

9 

0 

116 

4 

0 

26 

4 

0 

2 

0 

8 

1 

6 

4 

43 

0 

0 

35 

0 

0 

24 

0 

0 

34 

0 

0 

1 

9 

0 

5,239  13    5   0,87C 


2,472    3     3   2,328  12     6 


2,702     1    0 
Carried  over,  Rs.   7,712    0     H 


XXlll 

DISBURSEMENTS.  1870.  1869. 

Brought  over,  Es.     2,102     1     0   7,712     0    8 
Paid,   Foe  for  Auditing  the  Annual 
Acoonnt  for  1869,         ...  ...         75    0    0 

Ditto  SlieetAlmanao  for  the  year  1871,  10    0 

Ditto  Potty  charges,        ...  ...  9  12    0 

2,187  13    0  2,463  13    8 


MiSCKLLANEOUS. 

Paid  Salary  of  a  Malee,   ... 

Ditto,  Meeting  charges,  ... 

Ditto,  Advertising  charges. 

Ditto,  Fee  for  Stamping  Cheques,     ... 

Ditto,  Freight  on  a  box  copper  imple- 
ment. 

Ditto,  Bullock  Train  hire  on  2  Boxes  of 
Stone  Idols, 

Ditto,  Printing  charges,  ... 

Ditto,  Petty  charges. 

57    0 

191  10 

49    8 

1    9 

12    5 

30    7 
16    0 
88  13 

0 
6 
0 
0 

6 

0 
0 
3 

Sundris,        ••#                ...                ••• 

397     5 
1,633  12 

3 
2 

BuiLDIlfQ. 

Paid  House  rate, 

Ditto  Water  rate, 

Ditto  Police  and  Lighting  rate. 

Ditto  Repairing  Society's  Premises, ... 

444    0 

238  12 

216    0 

11  13 

0 
9 
0 
6 

Coin  Fund. 

Paid  Bearing  Postage  on  a  parcel  of 

Coin, 
Ditto  Purchase  of  Coins, ..  • 

0    8 
12  14 

0 
4 

2,031    15      416    5    3 


910  10    3      697  12    0 


13    6    4 

Lt.-Col.  E.  T.  Dalton,  Ethnoloot  op  Brnoal. 
Paid  to  Dr.  T.  Oldham,    ...  ...  ..     5,000    0    0 

CONSEKVATION  OF  SANSCRIT  MS. 

Salary  of  the  Travelling  Pandita, 

Copying  MS., 

Repairing  Catalogue, 

Travell  ing  allowance. 

Printing  150  Copies  of   Notices    of 

Sanscrit  MS., 
Purchase  of  Postage  Stamps, 
Freight, 

Purchase  of  Sanscrit  MSS, 
Ditto,  of  Stationery, 
Fee  for  getting  Money  Order, 
Advertising  charges, 
Carriage  hire, 
Petty  charges. 


347    0 

0 

132    9 

3 

380    0 

0 

230    0 

0 

215  12 

0 

9  13 

6 

19    9 

0 

89    0 

0 

72  12 

0 

1     8 

0 

8    8 

6 

12    0 

0 

8  lif 

3 

1,527    6    6      458  10    6 


Carried  over,  Us.  19,382    0    2 


XXV 

DISBURSEMENTS.  1870.  1869. 

Broaght  over,  Bs.  19,882    6    2 


Balance. 
In  tho  Bank  of  Bengal,  viz.,  acconnt- 

cnrrent  Dr.  J.  Muir,     ...                 ...  898  10    0 

Ditto  Conservation  of  Sanscrit  MS.,...  1,717     1     9 

Ditto  Asiatic  Society,      ...                 ...  2,661    6    0 

^   5,277     1    9 

Cashinliand,                   ...                 ...  ...       125  15    3 


Rs.  24,785     7     2 


H.  Hyde,  Lieut.-Col.  R.  E. 

Financial  Seof,  and  Treasurer. 


£xamin<}(i  and  found  correct, 


li.  SCUWENDLER,  )     .      ,  ., 


XIHFl 


STATEMENT, 
Abstract  of  the  Cash  Aecaunif 


REGSIPTS. 


Obibntal  Pubuoation. 


1870. 


1869. 


BeceiTed  by  Sale  of  BibUotheoa  In- 
dioa,  ...  ...  Mb.  1,804    0 

Pitto  by  SiibBOription  to  dittos  ...        80  10 

JOitto  Beftrnd  of  rosta^e  and  Packing 

^    charge^      ...  ...  ...        76  11 


1,911    6    6  8,076  U    6 


GoTBamciiiT  Allowakcb. 

Beoeived  from  the  Oenend  Treasniy 

at  600  Be.  per  month, ...  ...   6,000    0    0 

Ditto  ditto  additional  Grant  for  the 

Pnblioation   of  Sanacrit  Worka  at 

250  Ba.  per  month,     ...  ...   8,000    0    0 


9,000    0    0  8,000    0    0 


400    0    0 


ViSTBD  Fund. 

Beoeived  Interest  on  the  Government 

Seoority  by  the  Bank  of  Bengal,  ...      176    0    0 

LiBBABT. 

Beftind  of  the  amount  from  Bi\m 
BijendraULla  Mitra,  paid  for  Pnr- 
chase  of  Sanscrit  MSS.  on  the  22nd 
July,  1869,... 

Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal, 

Babn  Mothooranath  Mookeijea, 

Kam  Krishnajee  Bhaaduker, 

Pundit  Ramgoo, 

Damndara  Jitta,  Esq.,     ... 

Messrs.  Gnnnesh  Persad  &  Co., 

Mr.  Vamon  Narain  Othe, 

K.  Roghn  Nath  Row, 

B.  Govindo  Row, 

P.  Kittel,  Esq., 

Gopal  Row  Hnrry  Dishmookh, 

Balaji  PrabhakerModok,...  * 

Bibn  Okil  Chunder  Banerjea, 

Baba  Krishna  Chandra,  ... 

Atmaram  Patell,  Esq.,     ... 

G.  Jyamiah,  Esq., 

Damura  Ballabh,  Esq.,    ... 

T.  Nagaiya,  Esq., 

Major  M.  W.  Carr, 

M.  Gnnnesh  Sing, 

P.  Swaminatheir,  Esq.,    ... 

931  10    0- 


621  15 

6 

9  2 

0 

2  7 

0 

0  5 

0 

170  4 

0 

8  12 

0 

9  10 

6 

25  0 

0 

8  9 

0 

0  9 

0 

3  8 

0 

25  0 

0 

6  6 

0 

1  2 

0 

0  2 

0 

15  0 

0 

1  13 

0 

7  3 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  4 

0 

14  0 

0 

176    0    0  1,865    0    0 


400    0    0 


Carried  over,  Rs.   11,486    6    6 


XXTU 


No.  2. 

Oriental  Publication  Fund^  for  1870. 


DISBUBSEMENTS. 
Oriental  Publication.  1870.  1869. 


GommissioD  on  Sale  of  Books,   ...  Ba.  220    2  0 

Paddng  oharges,              ...  ...  63  12  0 

Postage  Stamps,              ...  ...  151  14  0 

Advertising  oharges,        ...  ...  400    0  0 

Freight,          ...                 ...  ...  517    6  0 

Petty  charges,                  ..  ...  11    6  0 

Vested  Fund. 

Paid  Commission  to  the  Bank  of  Ben- 
gal for  Drawing  Interest  on  the 
Government  Seoorities,  ...  0    7  0 


LiBBABT. 

Parchase  of  Books,  ...  ...      520    6    0 


860    0 

588    0 

48  11 

59  12 

0 

0 
0 
0 

17    8 

6 

2  13 

0 

76    0 

0 

GUSTODT  OF  ObISNTAL  WoBKS. 

Paid  Salary  of  the  Librarian, 

Establishment,  ... 

Stationery,    ...  ... 

Printing  charges, 

Bepairing  Case  of  the  Bibliotheoa  In- 
dioa. 

Fee  to  the  Bank  of  Bengal  for  Stamp- 
ing charges. 

Ditto  for  auditing  the  Annnal  Account 
for  1869,    ... 

Subscription  to  the  Hindu  Commera- 

tor  for  1870  and  1871,  ..  ...         80    0    0 

Petty  charges,  ...  ...         48    9    6 

Catalogue  oi  Sanscrit  MS. 

Paid  Salary  for  Cataloguing  Sanscrit 
MSS.,         ...  ...  ...      278    0    0 

OOFTING  ICSS. 
Paid  for  copying  charges,...  ...       71    3    6 

Tandta  Moha  Bbahmana. 
Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges,  ...   8,593  12    0 

AiN  I  Akbari. 

Paid  Salary  to  Mnnahi,   ...  ...  330    0  0 

Ditto  2  copies  of  Ain  i  Akbari,  ...  65     1  0 

Ditto  Printing  charges,    ...  ...  1,222  12  0 


1,364    8    0  1,136    4    6 

0    7    0         8    8    7 
520    6    0      503    8    S 


1,225     1  0   1,514  10  3 

278    0  0 

71    3  6        77    0  0 

3,593  12  0      328    3  0 

1,617  13  0  2,957    6  3 


Carried  over,  Es.    8,671    2    6 


xnTm 
BBCEIPTS. 


1870. 


1869. 


Bronght  over,  Bs. 
V.  B.  Soobiah,  Esq., 
Biyaba  Bal%ji  Nene, 
Kann  Dnflbeiy, 
Dowhitram  Doolie  Ohaad, 
Bibn  Bam  Ghnnder  Bose, 
J.  Biseb,  Esq., 


Carried  over,  Bs.  12,480    4    C 


DISBURSEMENTS.  1870.  1869. 

Brought  forward,  Es.   8,671     2    6 
Tarikhi  Badaont. 

Paid  for  purchase  of  2  copies  of  ditto,  5    0    0 

BOO      791    0    0 

MlHANSA   DaRSANA. 

Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges,...       427    2    0 

427    2    0      331     2    0 

Sama  Veda. 

Purchase  of  Sama  Veda  MSS.  ...       108    8    6 

108    8    6 

GoPATHA  Brahman  Atherbur  Veda, 
Paid  Editing  charges,      ...  ...         96    0    0 

96    0    0 

Khafi  Khan. 

Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges,  ...    1,836    0    0 

1,836    0    0  2,588  10    0 

Farhanoi  Bashidi. 

Paid  for  copying  charges,  ...         56  12    0 

Ditto  a  Copy  of  ditto,      ...  ...         48     0    0 

Ditto  Editing  and  Printing  charges,  ..       364    0    0 

468  12    0 

Poems  of  Chand. 

Paid  Postage   and   Banghy   Expense 

for  sending  MSS.         ...  ...  7    9    0 

7     9    0  6    2     3 

Lattatana  Srauta  Sutra. 

Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges,  ...    2,393    5    0 

2,393     6    0 

Agni  Purana. 

Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges,  ...       941     0    0 
Ditto  a  Copy  of  ditto,      ...  ...         20    0    0 

961     0     0 

Ma'a  Sir  i  Alahoiri. 

Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges,  ...       614    0    0 

614    0    0 

GOPALA   TaPINI. 

Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges, ...       283    0    0 

283    0    0 

Taittirita  Brahuana. 
Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges,  ...       348    0    0 


Taittirita  Aranyaka  Upanishad. 
Paid  Editing  and  Printing  charges,  ...       380  12    0 

Maitri  Upanishad. 
Paid  Stitching  charges,  ...  ...         18    2    3 


848    0    0      144    0    0 
380  12    0      767    0    0 
18    2     3 


Carried  over,  Rs.  16,618     5    3 


XXX 


Balance  op 

In  the  Bank  of  Bengal, 
Cash  in  hand. 


EECEIPTS.  1870. 

Brought  over,  Kb.  12,480    4    6 


1869. 


5,569    8    1 
73  13    3 


5,633    5    4 


Es.  18,113    9  10 


II.  Hyde,  Lient-Col.  R.  E. 

Financial  Secy,  and  Treasurer, 


Examined  and  fonnd  correct, 

L.  ScinVENDtEB,^    .     ,.. 
J.WoOD.MiSONj^'^**'^'- 


Tatttteiya  Sanhita. 
Paid  Editing  oharges, 

SiKANDARNAMAH   BaHABI. 

Paid  Frinting  oharges,    ... 

GOBIL   SUTKA« 

Paid  Postage   for    sending    proof   to 
Pandita  Chandra  Kant  Turkalanker, 

Mothoora  Natb  Mookeijea, 
Maharaja  Pertap  Sing,  ... 
Pundit  Bnmgoo,  ... 

Hessrs.  Gnnnespersad  and  Go.| 
Damndara  Jitta»  Esq.,     ... 
Mr.  VanK)n  Narain  Othe, 
B.  Govinda  Roe,  Esq., 
Gopal  Roe  Hurry  Dedc  Mookha, 
Bajaba  Balaji  Kene, 
Balsji  Prabhaker  Modak, 
Babu  Okil  Chonder  BanneijeSi 
Kann  Dufteiy, 
Kobin  Chander  Roy, 
Ram  Chunder  Bose, 
Krishna  Chander  Bab  a,  .., 
Damaroo  Ballabh,  Esq.,  ... 
T.  Nagaiya,  Esq., 

Balance, 
In  the  Bank  of  Bengal,   ,„ 


XZXl 

DISBURSEMENTS.  1870. 

Brought  over,  Rs.  16,618    6    8 


1869. 


96    0    0 


226    8    0 


0    10 


1    9 

0 

65    0 

0 

6  13 

0 

2    6 

6 

156  15 

0 

9  10 

6 

8    9 

0 

3    8 

0 

40    0 

0 

25    0 

0 

6    6 

0 

4    0 

0 

1    0 

0 

1     6 

0 

1     2 

0 

12  14 

0 

0    4 

0 

96    0    0      2^  12    0 


8    0        75    0    0 


0    10 


336    7    0 


836    4    7 


Rs.  18,113    9  10 


H.  Hyde,  Lient.-Col.  R.  B. 

Fincmcickl  Secy,  and  Treasnrer, 


Examined  and  foond  oorrect, 


3 
^5 


X 


^^ 

-d 

b  ,• 

— 

— 

»<* 

X 

C.  I-. 

=5 

71 

"<r  ?J 

"" 

'" 

t^ 

z 

«.    — . 

1      « 

«»  -* 

^ 

3 

""■    '"' 

r^ 

: 

: 

r  *"  "* 

** 

S5  ?> 

X 

c  c 

s 

Si 

^ 

X  X 

s 

T 

X 

r 

.«3 

~    :    : 

? 

i 

z 

?  cT  ^* 

•»    SS    JB 

•=*§ 

s  ~  o 


c  X  r:  c  c      kS 
c  o  X  M  X      ri 


I  •  I 


r  -    O 


.1-       I  6 
-        I- 
c  X  -  r  r  - 


Sr  t3  '^  !i  *'  ^ 
"  —  ?<  i>»  r:  »•: 


<      i  =  r  i  I  -r 


<  ■/:  JL  JL  J.  ^ 


ZZXlll 


1^ 

00 


^ 

« 
^ 
s 

^ 


CO        O 


OOr-t 


WD  Tfl  t* 
t«  lO  f-l 
<0  lOkO 


09 


.& 


» 


-I 


<2 


*QQ 
QQ 


1:1: 

W         04 


oooooo 
'«  o  o  ooo 

mmeO<0  M  to 
w  w  0>  w  O)  OT 


:g::::       :: 

Qsl-sga    <i^ 


00 
91 

I 


i 

ill 


II 


» 


.» 


•F^  «y«  'O  ^^  ^^  ?5>  CJ     $ 


^  CO  o 

®  CO  O 


O  CO 


05  CO  o      o  ej 
%a      co" 


^ 
1 


j>o  o 

^  o  o 


oo 

O  99 


CD  O  O        O  CO 

CO       o      »o  r* 

00         O        |>  03 


J2 

a 


o 
to 


«  w  o 
•o 

§ 


•^ 


.i^  00 


OQ 


PQ    •  S^ 

■^    OD    >     > 

fl  «  5  2 
mUOO 


02 


-a 

OQ 


r^  o 


is 

«2»5s  M 


O*, 


td 


XXXll 


oo 


ft 


CO 


^ 

Aj 


CO 


CO 

00 


o 

00 


00 

o»o    o 

N 

o  o  o    o 

fH         fH 

CO 

S 

W 

1,000 
3G7 
600 

898 

s 

CO 

00 

O  O  O  O  Oi  o 

kO 

»0  CI  O  O  iH  O 
iH  ,-1         r-l 

lO 

fH 
&4 

;J  lo  o  CO  t^  00 

'^J'^N  COiH  t^OO 
^        iH 

1 

o" 

1 


H 

t— « 

t— « 
CO 
< 


m 

H 
W 
r/3 
C/2 


CO 


oo 


& 


111 

S  31  o 

c8 


.  -3 

^  i 


» 


w 


CO  CO  '-^  o  o 

la  CC  X  »  (M 
C<  CI  -^  Oi  rji 


VO 

05 

91 

(N 

iH 

Ci 

T^ 

00 

00 

<M 

rH 

o 

CO 
00 


t>.  uo  o 

(M  rH  O 


c3         '^ 


-*j    CO    jT 

=  =«  9 


t— I 


O  X  rH  O  O  rH 
rH  iH 

O  CO  «C  -^  CO  -^ 


.2  t^  ^^  S 

'^'S  ci  ^  e^  ^ 
<  ^  QQ  fiO  cr,  P 


o  t^  :2 


'^H3* 


.  CO 


W 


XZXlll 


00 


•Si 


."3 


03 


55i 

•S 


00 


09 


CO       o 
fH 

1>        ^ 


J-^ 


1     :2 


g     ^         O 
J     1  ? 

I   « 


oooooo 

'^OOOOO 

ACp  coco  O^l  CO 
0)  ^  O)  w  O)  0> 


n  EH  (o  s  s  t4 


i 


Eh 

W 

oa 

<1 


^co  o 
X  oo  o 


O  00 


Oi«  Q      o  ej 

lO  t*  O        JO  ^ 
O        kO        l>t> 


t^o  o 

oo 

t* 

^  o  o 

o»^ 

CO 

CO  oo 

s  s 

00 

O  CO 

to 

§    § 


M 


5 

1 

^ 


8  if  S 

a 

OS 


5-  T3 


a 


1 


M 

2    O    CD 

s  s 


:  o 

-a 

OQ 


eegl 


O    O 

OO 


05^ 


td 


PQ 


X^XIV 


o    a> 


8   & 


W 


^ 


e 


o 
o 


r 


§   to 


9  fl 


<1 


09 


o 
o 


O       CJ       o 
Q      t*      wa 

O        O         kO 


0 

I 

o 
O 


a 
o 

o 
O 


a    s 


o 

o 

'S 
o 

CD 


O 

a 


o 
o 

o 


o 
o 


?-« 

c  OS 

«  CO 

bo.- 

.S  o 

Eh   §* 

C  rH 

2  o 
§-5 


■fl 

-so