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OFFICIAL DONATION.

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BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS,

WASHINGTON, U. S. A.

SALVADOR.

BULLETIN NO. 58. 1892.

[Revised to March i, 1894. J

Royal Palm, San Salvador.

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LIST OF BUREAU PUBLICATIONS.

1. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. i.

2. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 2.
50. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 3.

7. Hand Book of Brazil.
9. Hand Book of Mexico.

31. Hand Book of Costa Rica.

32. Hand Book of Guatemala.
Hand Book of Colombia.
Hand Book of Venezuela.
Hand Book of Nicaragua.
Hand 13ook of Santo Domingo.
Hand Book of Bolivia.
Hand Book of Uruguay.
Hand Book of Haiti.

67. Hand Book oi the Argentine Republic.
S. Import Duties of Mexico.

8. Import Duties of Brazil.

10. Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

11. Import Duties of Costa Rica.

12. Import Duties of Santo Domingo.

20. Import Duties of Nicaragua.

21. Import Duties of Mexico (revised).

22. Import Duties of Bolivia.

23. Import Duties of Salvador.

24. Import Duties of Honduras.

25. Import Duties of Ecuador.
27. Import Duties of Colombia.

36. Import Duties of Venezuela.

37. Import Duties of the British Colonies.

43. Import Duties of Guatemala.

44. Import Duties of the United States.

45. Import Duties of Peru.

46. Import Duties of Chile.

47. Import Duties of Uruguay.

48. Import Duties of the .\rgentine Republic.

49. Import Duties of Haiti.

13. Commercial Directory of Brazil.

14. Commercial Directory of Venezuela.

S- Commercial Directory of Colombia.

16. Commercial Directory of Peru.

17. Commercial Directory of Chile.

18. Commercial Directory of Mexico.

19. Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecuador,

Paraguay, and Uruguay.
26. Commercial Directory of the Argentine Re-
public.

28. Commercial Directory of Central America.

29. Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo Do-

mingo .

38. Commercial Directory of Cuba and Puerto

Rico.

39. Commercial Directory of European Colonies.
Commercial Directory of Latin America.

42. Newspaper Directory of Latin America.

3. Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of America.

4. Money, Weights, and Measures of the Amer-

ican Republics.
6. Foreign Commerce of the American Republics.

30. First Annual Report, 1891.
Second Annual Report, 1892.

35. Breadstuffs in Latin America.

40. Mines and Mining Laws of Latin America.

41. Commercial Information Concerning the Amer-

ican Republics and Colonies.
53. Immigration and Land Laws of Latin America.
63, How the Markets of Latin America may be
reached.
Manual de las Reptiblicas Americanas,i89i.
Monthly Bulletin, October, 1893.
Monthly Bulletin, November, 1893.
Monthly Bulletin, December, 1893.
Monthly Bulletin, January, 1894.
Monthly Bulletin, February, 1894.
Monthly Bulletin, March, 1894.

67. Hand Book of Argentine Republic.

68. Special Costa Rica Bulletin.

The abf ; list includes publications of the Bureau from its organization to April 15, 1894. No requests
based upot the above ivill be noticed.

On the following page will be found a list of publications issued by the Bureau, of which a limited
number remain for distribution.

Ill

SALE OF BUREAU PUBLICATIONS.

The following monthl)'^ bulletins have been published by the Bureau of the American
Republics, viz : " Coffee in America," October, i8g3 ; " Coal and Petroleum in Colom-
bia," etc., November, 1893; "Minerals and Resources of Northeastern Nicaragua,"
etc., December, 1893; " Finances of Chile," etc., Januar}', 1894; "Costa Rica at the
World's Fair," etc., February, 1894; "Reciprocity Treaties and Trade," etc., March,
1894; "The Republic of Costa Rica," etc., April, 1B94; "Mexico: Treasury Receipts,
Total Sources of Income for Fiscal Year 1894-95," etc., May, 1894; "Import Duties
of Guatemala" (revised), June, 1894; "American Live Stock," etc., July, 1894.

With the Jul}' number will be commenced the second volume of these bulletins, and
subscriptions for the year ending June 30, 1895, will be received at the rate of $1 per
annum ; single copies, 10 cents each. Of the publications of the Bureau the following
will be furnished to applicants upon receipt of the prices named in the list. Money
may be sent b}' post-office money order, payable to-the Director of the Bureau of Ameri-
can Republics. All other remittances are at the risk of the sender. Postage stamps
will not be received.

PRICE LIST.

Cents.

Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of America.
Money, Weights, and Measures of the

American Republics

Foreign Commerce of the American Re-

pubhcs

Import Duties of Brazil

Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

Import Duties of Costa Rica

Commercial Directory of Brazil

Commercial Directory of Venezuela

Commercial Directory of Colombia

Commercial Directory of Peru

Commercial Directory of Chile

Commercial Directory of Mexico

Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecua-
dor, Paraguay, and Uruguay

Import Duties of Nicaragua

Import Duties of Mexico (revised)

Import Duties of Bolivia

Import Duties of Salvador

Import Duties of Honduras

Import Duties of Ecuador

Commercial Directory of the Argentine

Republic

Import Duties of Colombia

CommercialDirectoryof Central America
Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo

Domingo

First Annual Report of the Bureau, 1891 . .

Hand Book of Guatemala

Hand Book of Colombia

Hand Book of Venezuela

Import Duties of Venezuela

(Commercial Directory of Cuba and

Puerto Rico

Commercial Directory of British, Danish,

Dutch, and French Colonies

5 ; A'^-
43-

5 44-
45-

20 46.

10 1 47.

IS ' 48.

10 , 49.

5 SO-

S '

S SI-

s 52-

5 ! S3-
IS

I 54-

5 I 55-

10 I S7-

IS ! S8.

20 I 61.

S ' 62.

10 ' 6^.

Newspaper Directory of Latin America

Import Duties of Guatemala

Import Duties of the Unit d States

Imjjort Duties of Peru

Import Duties of Chile

Import Duties of Uruguay

Import Duties of the Argentine Republic.

Import Duties of Haiti

Hand Book of the American Republics,

No. 3

Hand Book of Nicaragua ;

Hand Book of Santo Domingo ._.

Immigration and Land Laws of Lalm

America

Hand Bookof Paraguay

Hand Book of Bolivia

Hand Book of Honduras

Hand Book of Salvador

Hand Book of Uruguay 50

Hand Book of Haiti 50

How the Markets of Latin America may

be reached 40

Hand Book of Ecuador 50

Hand Book of the Argentine Republic. . . 50

Special Costa Rica Bulletin 25

Import Duties of Guatemala (revised) ... 25

PUBLICATIONS NOT NUMBERED.

Commercial Directory of Latin America. . , .

Second Annual Report of the Bureau, 1892..

Third Annual Report of the Bureau, 1893 . . .

Manual de las Repiiblicas Americanas, 1892.

Monthly Bulletins, $1 per annum ; single
copies

Code of Commercial Nomenclature, first vol-
ume, 852 pages

The " Code of Commercial Nomenclature," named in the above list, is the first vol-
ume of the first edition of the work suggested by the International American Confer-
ence. It contains 852 pages, and includes something over 28,000 commercial terms in
English, Spanish, and Portuguese. This volume is bound in cloth, and is now ready
for distribution. •

CONTENTS.

Chapter i. Historical outline

2. Geographical sketch

3. Political divisions and population

4. Constitution and form of government

5. Education, charitable institutions, and religion

6. Climate and seasons

7. Agriculture and forestry

8. Minerals and mining

9. Commerce

10. Money, banking, and revenue

11. Transportation, telegraphs, and mails

Appendix A. Constitution of Salvador

^ B. Law relating to aliens

C. Parcels post convention with United States

D. Reciprocal commercial arrangement with United States.

E. Import duties

F. Commercial directory

Newspaper directory

Index

Page.

100

108

114

117

156

166

167

ILLUSTRATIONS.

^ Page.

Map of Salvador Frontispiece.

Royal Palm, San Salvador lo

La Union 26

National Universit}^, San Salvador ■ 30

Sonsonate S3

San Salvador — General view^ from the Park 35

Coffee estate near San Salvador 38

Custom-house at Acajutla fo

/ r\

Chapter I.

HISTORICAL OUTLINE.

The completion of the subjugation of Mexico left its conquerors
free to turn their attention to the regions lying to the south, of which
rumor had given such glowing descriptions. The reports of the
beauty, fertility, and riches of these unknown lands rendered the
allurements to further conquests irresistible, and to Pedro de Alva-
rado was entrusted the task of their subjugation. Leaving the
City of Mexico early in 1522 he swept southward like a tornado
through the Provinces which now form l!he southern States of the
Republic of Mexico. Tribe after tribe was conquered and their
warriors paid with their blood the penalty of daring to defend
their native land. Still marching southward, the country now
called Guatemala was swept with fire and sword and compelled
to submit to the Spanish yoke. In the summer of 1524, leaving
ruin and desolation in its track, the victorious army passed across
La Paz River into what is now called the Republic of Salvador.
They were at first hospitably received by the natives, but, overcome
by terror at the cruelties inflicted on them by the invaders, they
sought refuge in flight and spread an alarm which resulted in des-
perate resistance.

In a fierce battle at Acajutla, Alvarado received an arrow
wound which rendered him lame for the remainder of his life,
but he took such ample revenge that of all the great multitude
of his opponents on that day not one was left alive. The result
of a struggle between the mail-clad, well-armed Spanish veterans
and the poorly equipped and half-naked native warriors could

2 SALVADOR.

have but one result, however it might be delayed by the bravery
of the multitudes who sacrificed their lives in defense of their
homes; but it was not until after a second campaign, in the year
] 525, that Cuscatlan, the capital, was finally captured and Salvador
became a part ot the vice-regal kingdom of Guatemala. For nearly
three hundred years it continued under the Spanish dominion, the
natives wasting away and diminishing in the cruel slavery imposed
on them, as they tilled the soil under the fierce tropical sun or
toiled in the mines for the benefit of their ruthless taskmasters.

The first mutterings of the corning storm of revolution were
heard in 1811, but it was not until 1821 that the successful termi-
nation of the struggle for liberty in Mexico inspired the southern
colonies to shake off the Spanish yoke. This was accomplished
without bloodshed, and on the 15th of September, in that year,
the territory comprised in the kingdom of Guatemala was declared
free and independent. In the following year an attempt was made
to annex the country to the Mexican Empire, under the rule of
Iturbide. The Province of Salvador resisted, but finally had to
submit to a Mexican force commanded by Gen. Filisola, and was
incorporated in the Empire. The following year, however, wit-
nessed the downfall of Iturbide, and a constitutional convention
was called, which, in 1824, declared the foundation of a federal
republic, called "The Central American Confederation," composed
of the five States, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua,
and Costa Rica, and Gen. Manuel J. Arce was elected its first
President.

This form of government proved impracticable; party jealousies
and personal ambitions brought turmoil and strife, in spite of the
efibrts of far-seeing patriots, who recognized the fact that in union
alone lay the hope of peace, security, and prosperity for their
country. For some years Gen. Francisco Mc5razan struggled to
maintain order and to save the union, but in spite of all his efforts
the federation was dissolved in 1839, and the five States became

SALVADOR. O

sovereign and independent republics. Another efFort on the part
of Morazan to reunite them resulted in his death. He was taken
prisoner and shot at San Jose, Costa Rica, in September, 1842.

Since the death of Morazan the several republics have made
many efforts to reestablish Central American nationality, but so
far without success. The last attempt in this direction, made by
Gen. Justo Rufino Barrios, President of Guatemala, in 1885, ended
in disaster. On the 13th of August, 1886, the Constitution which
is now in force was promulgated.

In accordance with this Constitution, Gen. Menendez was
elected to the Presidency in 1887, by popular vote, for the term
ending in 1890.

Upon his death. Gen. Carlos Ezeta was called to the Presidency.
He was inaugurated on the 1st of March, 1891.

At the time in which this handbook goes to the press, Salvador
is under a provisional government headed by Gen. Gutierrez as
temporary President.

Chapter II.

GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.

The Republic of Salvador is situated between 13° 12' and 14°
28' north latitude and 87° 37' and 90° 6' longitude west, of the
meridian of Greenwich. It is the only one of the five Central
American Republics not having a coast line on the Atlantic, and
is bounded on the north by Honduras and Guatemala, on the east
by Honduras and the Bay of Fonseca, on the south by the Pacific
Ocean, and on the west by Guatemala. It also possesses the
small islands called Punta Zacate, Martin Perez, Mianguera, and
Conchaguita, in the Bay of Fonseca. It is the smallest of the
Central American Republics, having an area of only 7,255 square
miles. Its frontage on the Pacific is 139- miles in length.

The physical aspect of Salvador is very varied but chiefly

mountainous. On its northern frontier, and near the boundary

line of Honduras, stretches the great mountain chain of the Sierra

Madre or Cordilleras, many of the peaks of which rise to a height

of from 7,000 to 8,000 feet above the level of the sea. This chain

of mountains, which is intersected by the valleys of the Lempa,

Sumpul, and Guarajambala, sends great spurs towards the center

of the Republic. From these mountains the land descends in

great undulations on the northwest to the shores of the river

Lempa, also to the north and northeast, until it rises again in that

direction forming secondary ridges. At a distance of about 15

miles from the coast and parallel to it runs the Coast Range of

mountains, which also throws out spurs of more or less importance

toward the interior on the one side and the sea on the other.

SALVADOR.

Like the Sierra Madre chain the Coast Range is not continuous
but is intersected by the valleys of the Lempa and the Rio Grande
of San Miguel at a short distance from where those rivers enter
the ocean.

The greater part of the volcanoes of the Republic are situated
either in the Coast Range or within a short distance from it. Their
names and altitude above the sea level are as follov/s:

Feet.

San Vincente 7, 683

San Salvador 7, 370

Santa Ana 6, 615

San Miguel 6, 500

Usulutan 5, 400

Apaneca : 5, 350

Izalco 4, 973

Sociedad 4, 250

Chinameca 4, 200

Most of these are extinct, as will be noticed in the reference
to them in the description of the departments in which they are
situated.

Three-fourths of the broad space which lies between the two
great mountain ranges is occupied by the valleys of the river Lempa
and its tributaries, forming a most characteristic topographical
feature of the country. The remaining eastern portion is com-
posed of the valleys of the San Miguel, the Torola, and other
small streams that flow into the Bay of Fonseca. The numerous
small valleys which lie among the branches of the mountain ranges
and the spurs and isolated hills are in general very broken in sur-
face ; consequently the plains and level spaces are with few excep-
tions of limited extension.

The principal and largest river of the Republic is the Lempa,
which has its origin in the Republic of Guatemala, flows through
the department of Copan, in Honduras, and enters the territory
of Salvador in the northwestern part of the department of Chala-
tenango.

It follows a very tortuous course towards the south and east,
and for some distance forms the boundary between Salvador and
the Honduranean department of Intibuca; then again turning to

SALVADOR.

the south it intersects the Coast Range of mountains and flows into
the Pacific Ocean near the Bay of Jiquilisco.

The other principal rivers are La Paz, which for some distance
forms the boundary line between Salvador and Guatemala; the
Goascoran, which for the lower part of its course forms the bound-
ary between Salvador and Honduras; the Rio Grande, and the
Jiboa. There are also a great number of smaller rivers and streams
tributary to these main water courses.

The principal lakes are those of Guija and Ilopango. There
are also several smaller bodies of water which are chiefly of vol-
canic origin. In January, 1880, Lake Ilopango was the scene of
a very remarkable volcanic phenomenon, which was preceded by
a severe earthquake in the surrounding country. The waters of
the lake suddenly rose 4 feet above their usual level, and flow-
ing into the bed of the Jilva, a stream which forms the usual out-
let from the lake, increased it to the proportions of a broad and
raging river, which soon made for itself a channel 30 to 35
feet in depth. A rapid subsidence in the level of the lake was
thus produced, and by March 6 the surface was 34 feet below its
maximum. Toward the center of the lake a stony island, 500 feet
in diameter, rose to a height of 150 feet above the level of the lake,
surrounded by several smaller islands, while the water adjacent to
them became very hot.

As indicated by this event, and the two volcanoes that are still
active and form the safety valves, the volcanic forces in Salvador
have not yet spent themselves, although all indications show that
they are far less active than in past ages. Earthquakes have been
frequent, particularly in the neighborhood of the capital, which
was wrecked by them in the years 1539, 1575, 1594^ 1^59' ^1^1^
1719, 1793, 1815, 1839, 1854, and 1873. ^^ '^' ^^ ^^^^' ^° ^^^'
ject to rockings and tremblings of the earth as to have acquired
the name of the swinging hammock. The number of geysers
and hot springs which exist in several of the departments are

8 SALVADOR.

also evidences of considerable volcanic heat yet existing beneath
the surface. There can be no doubt, however, that the volcanic
energy which in remote ages has had such a marked effect on the
topography of the whole of the Pacific Coast of America is grad-
ually dying out in Salvador, as it has done in other parts of the
continent, and seismic disturbances subside and become less vio-
lent in the same ratio.

In the Sierra Madre Range the primitive rocks predominate,'
marking their ancient origin, but the Coast Range is entirely of
plutonic material; the basalts, scoriae, and ashes are all volcanic.

The slopes of the mountains, the valleys, and tablelands are
deeply covered with rich alluvial soils, formed by the detritus of
the rocks and decomposed vegetable matter, which are of won-
derful fertility.

Salvador has three ports, through which pass all the ocean com-
merce of the Republic, La Union, La Libertad, and Acajutla.
The two latter are little more than open roadsteads, where ships
anchor a mile or two from the coast and freight and passengers
are carried by launches, from which they are elevated by machin-
ery to piers extending out some distance from the shore.

La Union is one of the best ports on the Pacific Coast of Cen-
tral America. It is situated in the Bay of La Union, which is an
indentation of the magnificent Gulf of Fonseca, from which it is
entered by a narrow strait. It is a secure and landlocked harbor,
with good anchorage, and large enough to accommodate an im-
mense traffic. Whenever it is reached by a railroad it will without
doubt become the principal port of the Republic.

Chapter III

POLITICAL DIVISIONS AND POPULATION.

The Republic of Salvador is divided into 14 departments.
The following table shows the names of the departments, the
number of districts into which they are subdivided, and their capital
cities, with the population in 1892:

Departments.

Capital cities.

Population.

Number
of

districts.

Capitals.

Depart-
ments.

30, 000
II, 000

11, 000

12, 000
33, 000

6,000
8, 000

10, 000

11, 000
6, 500
6, 000

23, 000
3, 000
3, 000

63, 000
49, 000
41, 000
37, 000
80, 000
54. 000
62, 000
35, 000
40, 500
70, 000
42, 000
60, 000
35, 000
35, 000

"^ La Libertad

New San Salvador

Sonsonate

Ahuachapan

'*^ Sonsonate

A Ahuachap^n

/^ Santa Ana

Santa Ana

3
2

•^ Chalatenango

Cuscatlan

Chalatenango

Cojutepeque

Cabanas

Sensuntepeque

San Vincente

San Vincente . .

La Paz

Lacatecoluca

Usulutan

San Miguel

Morazan

Gotera

La Union *.

Total

703, 500

The 14 departments contain 31 districts, 27 cities, 51 towns,
164 villages, and 215 hamlets. As in other parts of Central
America, the upper classes are either of pure white blood or
have a large admixture of it, but the indigenous race is still largely
represented in the country. They are naturally docile and tracta-
ble, and generally honest, orderly, and industrious. Salvador being
smaller in size, more compact, and more densely populated than

lO SALVADOR.

some other parts of Central America, it has been easier for the
Government to extend its paternal care over the mental improve-
ment and material progress of the people, with admirable results,
as the inhabitants of the cities have attained as high a degree of
refinement as those of the United States, while the Indians, who
form the majority of the agriculturists and laborers, are exhibiting
marked signs of progress.

Spanish is the language of the country, although in some of the
more secluded parts of the country, such as the Costa del Balsimo,
or Balsam Coast, not only the old speech but many of the ancient
usages still prevail.

Department of San Salvador.

Cities. — San Salvador and Tonacatepeque.

l^owns. — -Mejicanos, Apopa, Nejapa, Santo Tomas, and Pan-
chiinalco.

The department of San Salvador is bounded on the north by
the departments of Chalatenango and Cuscatlan, on the east by
Cuscatlan and La Paz, on the south by La Libertad and La Paz,
and on the west by La Libertad.

The surface of this department is rugged and picturesque. In
the southern part it is crossed from east to west by the Coast Range
of mountains; the center has many small valleys of great beauty
and fertility, while in the north ranges of hills, bare of trees, give a
mountainous appearance to the landscape. There are two volca-
noes in this department — those of San Salvador, or Quezaltepeque,
as it is called in the aboriginal language, and Ilopango, which is
situated in the lake of the same name.

The department dates from 1821, being one of the original
divisions created at that date, when the country was separated from
Guatemala on gaining its independence. Its principal city, San
Salvador, is the capital of the Republic. It is situated in the
pleasant valley of Las Hamacas, on the river Acelhuate, in lati-

SALVADOR. 11

tude 13° 45' north, and 80° 8' longitude west of the meridian of
Greenwich. It is 2,115 feet above the level of the sea. It was
founded by Don Jorge de Alvarado, brother of the conqueror,
Don Pedro, on the 4th of April, 1528, at a place a short distance
from the present site, from which it was transferred to its present
location in 1539- It was incorporated as a city in September,
1543. From 1834 to 1839 it was the capital of the Republic, a
dignity which was in the latter year transferred to the city of San
Vincente, but in 1840 it was definitely designated as the capital,
and has since retained that distinction. Its streets are straight,
well lighted, and nearly all paved.

All the offices of the Government departments are located in
the city; also the supreme, civil, and military courts, and the
ecclesiastical government. It has also an academy of science and
belles-lettres, a chamber of commerce, a national library, an astro-
nomical observatory, a museum, and botanical garden. Among
its principal public buildings are the national palace, the 'executive
mansion, the municipal building, the national theater, the cathe-
dral, the university, the national institute, the artillery barracks,
the hospital, the palace of justice, the orphan asylum, the poly-
technic school, and ladies' normal college. It has also a handsome
market, which is a private enterprise. It has two handsome public
parks and several plazas or squares, in one of which, called Mora-
zan, is a handsome monument of marble and bronze dedicated to
him as the last President of United Central America.

The city has a well-organized police force, an abundant supply
of excellent water, and in many respects will compare favorably
with the cities of the United States or Europe. It has good
hotels, cafes, and restaurants, where entertainment can be had at
moderate prices. The suburbs and surroundings of the city are
very pleasant, containing large numbers of private houses, with
shrubbery, trees, and gardens. There is a magnificent establish-
ment containing natural baths of various degrees of temperature.

12 SALVADOR.

The city has considerable commerce. It has three banks and
a number ot mercantile and agency firms. Manufacturing is
carried on to a considerable extent. In the city and suburbs
there are establishments for the production of candles and soap,
cigars, matches, ice, bricks of artificial stone, distilleries, saw and
flour mills, sugar refineries, and mills for cleaning rice apd coffee.
A great deal of weaving is also done on hand looms, the products
being shawls and scarfs of silk, flax, and cotton, and cotton cloth.

The city has suffered very much from earthquakes, which have
frequently nearly reduced it to ruins, but on each occasion the
perseverance and patriotism of its citizens have resulted in a recon-
struction of its edifices in better and more substantial style. Profit-
ing by these experiences the buildings have been built in a manner
to render them almost earthquake proof, and recent earthquakes
have proved much less disastrous than those of former days.

The city of San Salvador has for some years been connected
with the city of New San Salvador, or Santa Tecla, by a horse
railroad lo miles in length, which is now being converted into a
locomotive road, by whom it was purchased from the company
which constructed it. It will be connected with the railroad to the
port of Acajutla, which is now being built towards Santa Tecla.

Outside of the cities the inhabitants of the department are prin-
cipally engaged in agriculture, producing coffee, sugar, tobacco,
rice, corn, and beans.

Department of La Libertad.

Cities. — New San Salvador (Santa Tecla) and Opico.

T^owns. — La Libertad, Teotepeque, and Quezaltepeque.

The department of La Libertad is b4)unded on the north by the
department of Chalatenango, on the east by San Salvador and
La Paz, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the
departments of Sonsonate and Santa Ana. The central part of
its territory is very mountainous, being crossed from east to west

SALVADOR.

by the Coast Range of mountains and the system of the volcano of
Quezaltepeque ; the surface of the southern portion is broken by
a great number of spurs extending from the mountain ranges to the
ocean. To the west of the volcano exists the extensive basin of
Sapopitau. The northern portion is crossed by high ridges between
which extend extensive plains.

The volcano of Quezaltepeque, known also as the volcano of
San Salvador, is extinct. It is 7,370 feet in height above the sea
level ; the upper part forms a cone occupied by a crater between 7
and 8 miles in circumference and 1,100 feet deep, at the bottom
of tvhich is a small lake. The western part of the department is
known as the Balsam Coast. The department was created in
February, 1865, from a part of the territory of the ancient depart-
ment of San Salvador. The valleys and plains are very fertile,
producing rich harvests of coffee, sugar, indigo, rice, timber, and
corn; also the balsam, a product which is peculiar to Salvador. It
has within its boundaries several large sugar refineries and distil-
leries, also many sawmills and mills for cleaning coffee. Its com-
merce is considerable through its port of La Libertad, which is
one of the most important in the Republic, especially during the
coffee season.

The capital city, Santa Tecla, or New San Salvador, is pleas-
antly situated in a picturesque valley at the foot of the volcano of
San Salvador, at an elevation of 2,643 ^^^^ above the sea level,
and 10 miles to the southeast of the capital of the Republic and
20 miles from the port of La Libertad. This city was founded
by a decree dated 8th of August, 1854, for the purpose of remov-
ing to it the capital of the Republic, the city of San Salvador
having been ruined by an earthquake in that year; hence the
name of New San Salvador. The old capital was, however,
rebuilt, and the change in the seat of government was not made.
Its streets are wide and well laid out, and it has many handsome
private residences, a large and handsome park, and several fine

SALVADOR.

drives in the pleasant suburbs. Its principal public buildings are
the hospital, town hall, Government offices, and two handsome
churches. It h.as about 1 1,000 inhabitants, and is connected by a
horse railroad with the city of San Salvador.

Department of Sonsonate.

Cities. — Sonsonate and Izalco.

T^owns. — Nahu izalco, El Progreso, and Armenia.

The department of Sonsonate is bounded on the north by the
department of Santa Ana, on the east by that of La Libertad, on
the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the depart-
ment of Ahuachapan. The northern part' of its surface is very
mountainous and relatively level on the south on the coast, from
whence the land rises in great undulating terraces, which attain
their greatest elevation in the mountain ranges.

In this department is situated the volcano ot Izalco, which is
the most active in Central America, and is of comparatively recent
formation. Previous to February, 1770, it had no existence, but
in that month a series of earthquakes took place, followed by a
tremendous volcanic eruption. A large crater was formed, from
which issued torrents of lava, rocks, and ashes in vast quantities,
resulting in the formation of a cone, which is now 4,973 feet in
height. It is still quite active, and from the light it gives, being
visible at sea, it is known by sailors as the Salvadorean light-house.
There are three other volcanoes in this department, but they are
all extinct.

The seacoast is generally low and marshy, with groves of man-
groves growing down into the sea. This is also known as the
Balsam Coast, from the large number of trees existing from which
this article is obtained. Its principal port is Acajutla, which has
a good iron pier, erected in 1870, and is connected by railroad
with the city of Sonsonate. This department was created by
decree in February, 1855. Its principal agricultural productions

SALVADOR.

are coffee, sugar, cocoanuts, cacao, balsam, tobacco, cereals of various
kinds, fruit, and a great variety of cabinet and other woods. It
enjoys a large commerce, both export and import, and its manu-
factures are active, having many establishments for the manufacture
of sugar, cigars, cotton cloth, pottery, mats and baskets, and several
distilleries and salt works. The capital city, Sonsonate, is situated
on the bank of the river Sensunapan, about 50 miles west of the
capital of the Republic. Its streets are wide, rectilinear, and
paved. It has a handsome city hall, a hospital, several churches,
and a commodious railroad station; its dwellings are well built,
and it is surrounded by pleasant suburbs. It has a population
of about 1 1,000 inhabitants.

Department of Ahuachapan-.

Qties. — Ahuachapan and Antiquizaya. '

The department of Ahuachapan is bounded on the north and
west by the Republic of Guatemala, on the south by the Pacific
Ocean, and on the east by the departments of Santa Ana and
Sonsonate. The northern part of its surface is very rugged and
its center mountainous, but it has level plains north of the Coast
Range of mountains, which cross it from east to west. There are
several volcanoes in this department and it is celebrated for its
hot springs and sulphur baths. It was created in February, 1869,
by the separation of a part of territory of the departments of Santa
Ana and Sonsonate. The beautiful valley of Chalchuapa, which
lies to the north of. the Coast Range, is famous for its great fertility.

Agriculture is in a very satisfactory condition in this department,
and large crops are produced of coffee, sugar, tobacco, cotton,
cereals, and fine fruits and vegetables. It also enjoys a large
commerce, exporting coffee and sugar through the port of Acajutla
and sending large quantities of sugar and cereals to other parts
of the Republic. It imports considerable quantities of foreign
merchandise by sea, woolen goods and mercury from Guatemala,
and cattle and mules from Honduras.

1 6 SALVADOR.

The city of Ahuachapan, its capital, is situated in a picturesque
valley at the fbot of the volcano of La Lagunita, on the right
bank of the river Ahuachapan, at an elevation of 2,609 feet above
the sea level, and 72 miles to the west of the capital of the Re-
public. Its streets are straight and the larger number of them are
paved, that called the Riego being the handsomest in the city.
Among its public buildings are the city hall, Government offices,
hospital, a large church, several schoolhouses, and several fine bath
houses. It has about 12,000 inhabitants.

Department of Santa Ana.

Cities. — Santa Ana, Chalchuapa, and Metapan.

l!owns. — Texistepeque and Coatepeque.

The department of Santa Ana is bounded on the north by the
Republics of Guatemala and Honduras, on the east by the depart-
ments of Chalatenango and La Libertad, on the south by that of
Sonsonate, and on the west by Guatemala and the department
of Ahuachapan.

This department has two extensive mountain ranges, one in
the north and the other crossing its central portion from east to
west. There are two volcanoes, Santa Ana and Mala Cara, the
first named the most active. There are also three extinct vol-
canoes, Masatepeque, San Diego, and La Isla. The greater part of
the department consists of two extensive and picturesque valleys ;
the northern valley watered by the river Lempa and its affluents
and the southern by the Chalchuapa and the Suquiapa.

The department was created in February, 1855. Before 1821
it formed part of the ancient Province of Sonsonate. Until 1869
it comprised the districts of Ahuachapan and Antiquizaya, which
in that year were separated from it to form^ the present depart-*
ment of Ahuachapan.

It is a rich agricultural country, producing a large amount of
coffee, as well as sugar, indigo, tobacco, and various kinds of grain.

SALVADOR. ly

•

It has a very active commerce, exporting large qyantities of coffee
and importing European and American manufactures. It has
also manufactories for the production of starch from the yucca
plant, confectionery, cigars, and potteries, sugar works, and distill-
eries. Altogether, it is one of the most prosperous parts of the
Republic.

Its principal city, Santa Ana, is situated in a beautiful valley,
surrounded by hills, on the left bank of a small stream, at an
elevation of 2,093 ^^^^ above the level of the sea, and 50 miles
northeast of the capital of the Republic. It is a handsome city,
with wide and well-paved streets. It is well supplied with water
and has pleasant drives and good public baths. Among its public
edifices are the municipal building, hospital, military barracks and
headquarters, a public market, and several handsome churches.
It is the largest city in the Republic, having a population of
33,000.

Department of Chalatenango.

City. — Chalatenango.

liowns. — Tejutla, San Ignacio, San Francisco, Morazan, San
Rafael, and Citala,

The department of Chalatenango is bounded on the north by
the Republic of Honduras, on the east by the same Republic and
the department of Cabaiias, on the south by the departments of
Cabanas, Cuscatlan, San Salvador, and La Libertad, and on the
west by that of Santa Ana. Its surface is very varied and, with
the exception of the valleys of the river Lempa and its tributary
streams, very mountainous, especially in the north and northeastern
part of its territory. At least two-thirds of it are occupied with
lofty ranges and the spurs running from them.

The principal agricultural products are indigo, corn, wheat, rice,
and beans. There are several distilleries and manufactories of
starch, turpentine, cheese, earthenware, and candles of vegetable
Bull. 58 2

l8 SALVADOR.

wax, a substance .which is obtained by boiling the fruit of a shrub
which grows wild. The larger part of the commerce of this
department is transacted at the annual fair ot Chalatenango,
which is famous throughout Central America. It is attended by
merchants from all parts of this and the adjoining republics, and
extensive transactions take place in indigo, cattle, and native and
foreign manufactures.

The chief city, Chalatenango, is situated to the southeast of the
mountain of La Pena, on the rivers Tamulasca and Colco, at an
elevation of i ,660 feet above the sea level, and 45 miles northeast
of the capital of the Republic. It was originally a native town,
and the first white people among its inhabitants were sent there
by the Spanish governor of the territory in 1791- The principal
occupations of its citizens are agriculture and cattle dealing. It
has a population of 6,000.

Department of Cuscatlan.

Cities. — Cojutepeque and Suchitoto.

T'oivns. — San Pedro Perulapan, Tenancingo, San Rafael, and
Guyabal.

The department of Cuscatlan is bounded on the north by the
departments of Chalatenango and Cabafias, on the east by the
same and that of San Vincente, on the south by those of San
Vincente and La Paz, and on the west by that of San Salvador.
Its surface is very mountainous and broken, the greater part of
its territory being covered by lofty ranges, separated by narrow
valleys. Towards the north and northeast it is comparatively
level in the valleys traversed by the rivers Lempa and Cuezalapa.
It was created in May, 1835. It then comprised the territory
which now forms the department of Chalatenango, which was
separated from it in 1855. In 1875 it also contributed a portion
of its territory towards the formation of the department of Cabanas.
It has two extinct volcanoes, Cojutepeque and Guazapa. It is

SALVADOR.

almost entirely an agricultural district, produci^ig coffee, sugar,
indigo, rice, tobacco, cheese, starch, and cereals. Its principal
commerce is transacted at the feast of St. John, in Cojutepeque,
on the 29th of August, and that of the Concepcion, held at Suchi-
toto on the 8th of December in each year. At these times there
is a gathering of merchants and dealers from all parts of the
country, and extensive transactions are made in cattle, cheese,
indigo, and other native products, and in foreign merchandise.

Cojutepeque, the principal city, is situated nearly at the summit
and to the north of the peak of the volcano of Cojutepeque, at an
elevation of 2,614 ^^^^ above the sea level. It is a very old town,
having been classed as a town in 1756 and as a city in 1846. Its
streets are narrow and crooked, but its suburbs are beautiful and
from the elevated location command fine panoramas of the sur-
rounding country. Among its public buildings are a town hall,
hospital, public schoolhouse, and four churches. It has also good
public baths. It has a population of 8,000, most of whom are
employed in agricultural pursuits.

Department of Cabanas.

Cities. — Sensuntepeque and Ilobasco.

'^aivns. — Victoria, Dolores, San Isidro, Jutiapa, and Tejutepeque.

The department of Cabanas is bounded on the north and north-
east by the Republic of Honduras, on the east by the department
of San Miguel, on the south by those of San Vincente and Cus-
catlan, and on the west by that of Cuscatlan. This is essentially
a mountain district. It is crossed in various directions by high
ranges and chains of mountains, which give it a wild and desolate
appearance, particularly toward the north and east. It has, however,
some very fertile valleys, which produce indigo, rice, corn, and other
grains. Its principal industrial establishments are for the manu-
facture of earthenware, cheese, lime, and several distilleries. It has
considerable commerce, which reaches great proportions at the fair

20 SALVADOR.

of Santa Barbara, which is held at Sensuntepeque on the 4th of
December of each year.

Its chief city, Sensuntepeque, is situated on the southern slope
of the mountain of Pel on, at an elevation of 2,316 feet above the
se'a and 57 miles east-northeast from the capital of the Republic.
It is a very picturesque city, has a handsome park, fine public
baths, and enjoys a beautiful climate. Among its public buildings
are a fine town hall, two churches, several school buildings, and
a prison which is considered the most secure in the Republic. It
has a population of 10,000. The principal industry is the growth
and preparation of indigo.

Department of San Vincente.

City. — San Vincente.

T'o'wns. — Apastepeque, Tecoluca, Guadalupe, Verapaz, Tepeti-
tan, San Sebastian, Santo Domingo, San Esteban, San Lorenzo,
and Santa Clara.

The department of San Vincente is bounded on the north by
the department of Cabanas, on the east by those of San Miguel
and Usulutan, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west
by the departments of La Paz and Cuscatlan. It is mountainous
in the north and central portions, but level in the south toward
the ocean. It has two extinct volcanoes, Chicontepec and Sigua-
tepeque — the former is the highest volcanic mountain in the
Republic, its summit being 8,661 feet above the sea level. It is
notable for several geysers that exist on the northeastern slope of
the mountain, which emit great volumes of steam, accompanied
with great noise that can be heard at a distance of more than 2
miles. There are also a number of hot springs in various parts of
the department. It was created a departmental division of the
Republic in 1836, embracing the territory which, under the same
name, formed one of the territorial divisions of the country under
Spanish rule, and the eastern portion of the department of Cabanas.

SALVADOR. 2 1

The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, coffee,
tobacco, timber, cereals of all kinds, and fine fruits. It has manu-
factories of silk shawls, shoes, hats, salt, starch, and cigars, and
several distilleries. It has considerable commerce, principally
transacted during the fair of All Saints, which is held annually on
the 1st of November, when large quantities of merchandise are
bought and sold, consisting principally of indigo, cheese, cattle,
grain, and foreign goods.

The chief city, San Vincente, is situated on the right bank of
the river Acahuapa, at an elevation of 1,683 ^^^^ above the level
of the sea and 45 miles to the eastward of the capital of the
Republic. It is a very ancient city, having been founded in 1634.
It was ranked as a town in 1658 and classed as a city in 1812.
It was the capital of the country from 1834 until 1839. Its streets
are generally straight and well paved; its suburbs are pleasant and
well supplied with shrubbery and trees ; it has also many good
public baths. Among its public buildings are a handsome town
hall, a hospital, five churches, and twelve public schools. It has
11,000 inhabitants.

Department of La Paz.

City. — rZacatecoluca.

T^owns. — Santiago Nonualco, San Pedro Nonualco, Olocuilta,
and San Pedro Mazahuat.

The department of La Paz is bounded on the north by the
departments of Cuscatlan and San Vincente, on the east by the last
named, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the
departments of San Salvador and La Libertad. The northern part
of its territory is mountainous, being crossed from east to west by
the Coast Range, from the summits of which the surface descends
gradually, forming great terraces, until within about 9 miles from
the sea it becomes flat and forms a plain which is generally inun-
dated in the rainy season, and is covered by dense forests abound-

22 SALVADOR.

ing in India rubber, dye, and cabinet woods, and other useful
timber. The flooding of these lowlands in the wet season and
the evaporation during the hot weather of the dry season render
this region unhealthy for several months in the year, giving rise to
malarial fevers.

The principal agricultural products of this department are
coffee, sugar, indigo, tobacco, cereals, and fruit. It has few man-
ufactories, its industrial products being confined to cotton cloth,
palm-leaf hats, and mats. The manufacture of salt in the low-
lands subject to overflow by the sea, is the most active industry of
this region. Its commerce is not large, and consists principally
of transactions in salt, grain, coffee, and foreign merchandise.

Zacatecoluca, the chief city, is on the right bank of the river
Sapuyo, at an elevation of 410 feet above the sea, and 30 miles
to the southeast of the capital of the Republic. It is an old
place, and was raised to the rank of a town in 1825 and to a city
in 1838. Its principal public buildings are a town hall, hospital,
church, and several schoolhouses. In the plaza is a beautiful public
fountain; it has also good public baths and a handsome park. Its
population is 6,500, who are principally employed in the cultiva-
tion of coffee and in the salt industry.

Department of Usulutan.

Cities. — Usulutan, Jucuapa, and Alegria.

T'owns. — Santa Elena and Jiquilisco.

The department of Usulutan is bounded on the north and east
by the department of San Miguel, on the south by the Pacific
Ocean, and on the west by the department of San Vincente.

The central part of this department is mountainous, being
crossed by a lofty range, north of which the country is relatively
level, but somewhat broken. In the south it is low, and toward
the coast even swampy during the rainy season. It has within its
territory three extinct volcanoes, Usulutan, Jucuapa, and Tabu-

SALVADOR.

reto. The two last named have small lakes of sulphurous water
in their ancient craters. In a dry ravine, extending from the
southeast of the village of Tecapa toward the river Lempa, are a
number of geysers which emit columns of sulphurous vapors and
dense smoke. The largest of these is called El Tronador (The
Thunderer), which has formed a small crater, from which is thrown
out a heavy column of steam, saturated with sulphureted hydro-
gen and other gases, with a noise which can be heard for a great
distance, from which it derives its name.

This department was created in 1865, having been segregated
from the territory of that of San Miguel. Its principal agricul-
tural products are rice, tobacco, indigo, cotfee, coarse brown sugar,
timber, and a great variety of fruits. The principal industrial
products are salt, starch from the yucca, lime, and cheese of good
quality. There are also several distilleries. Its principal com-
merce is in salt, with which it supplies the various northern
departments.

Usulutan, the chief city, is situated on the right bank of a
stream called Juano, at an elevation of 420 feet above the sea
level, and 95 miles southeast from the capital of the Republic.
It is a pleasant and picturesque town. In the latter part of the
seventeenth century it was the residence of the authorities of the
ancient Province of San Miguel. It was classed as a town in
1827, and in i860 it was raised to the rank of a city. Among
its principal public edifices are a town hall, a schoolhouse, and a
building occupied by an institute of higher education, a large
church, and a prison. It has a population of 6,000, who are
principally employed in agriculture and the manufacture of salt.

Department of San Miguel.

Cities. — San Miguel and Chinameca.

Towns. — Uluazapa, Moncagua, Chapeltique, Cacaguatlque, and
Sesori.

24 SALVADOR.

The department of San Miguel is bounded on the north by
the Republic of Honduras and the department of Morazan, on
the east by the latter department and that of La Union, on the
south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the departments
of Usulutan and Cabanas. The greater part of its surface is
mountainous, although it has a portion comparatively level to the
north of the boundary of Usulutan and in the neighborhood of
the Rio Grande. Its seashores differ from those of the other mari-
time departments, as they are rocky and inaccessible and traversed
by mountainous spurs and ridges. There are in this department
two inactive volcanoes, San Miguel and Chinameca. Although
neither of these have been recently in eruption, the former gives
evidence, by frequent emissions of smoke and steam, that it may
at any day resume its activity. There are a number of valleys
among the mountains which are famed for their fertility; also a
number of hot and medicinal springs.

The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, coffee,
timber for building, and cabinet woods, grain, and a variety of
fruits, x^mong its manufactures are saddlery, shoes, articles of
tortoise shell, pickles, lime, cheese, and rum. It has considerable
commerce, a large amount of which is transacted at the fair of La
Paz, which is held annually on the 2ist of November in the city
of San Miguel, which is largely attended by merchants of the
various Central and South American countries. The principal
commodities dealt in are indigo, cattle, cheese, and a great variety
of foreign merchandise.

The principal city, San Miguel, is situated northeastward from
the volcano of San Miguel and about three-quarters of a mile
from the right bank of the Rio Grande, at an elevation of 360
feet above the sea level, and 107 miles east of the capital of the
Republic. It is an important and handsome city, with broad,
straight, and well-paved streets, and well-built and fine houses.
It does not, however, bear a good reputation from a sanitary point

SALVADOR.

of view, as it suffers from malarial exhalations arising from
the marshes which exist to the southeast of the city. In its
neighborhood are the remains of an ancient aboriginal city, the
foundations of which can be traced over a large area. San Miguel
was founded by the Spaniards in 1530, and was ranked as a city
in 1586. Among its important public edifices are a fine municipal
building, the law courts, hospital, market. Government revenue
offices and post-office, and several handsome churches. It has
23,000 inhabitants, who are principally occupied in the cultivation
of indigo and cereals, the breeding of cattle and hogs, and in
foreign commerce.

Department of Morazan.

City. — Gotera.

T(?'(x;/zj'.^Sociedad, San Carlos, Jocoro, Osicala, and El Rosario.

The department of Morazan is bounded on the north by the
Republic of Honduras, on the east by the Department of La
Union, on the south by La Union and San Miguel, and on the
west by the latter. The surface of this department is moun-
tainous in the northern part, where it is crossed from east to west
by a chain of mountains. In the south and toward the Hondu-
ranean frontier it is level, forming the plains occupied by the trib-
utaries of the river Tocola and the Rio Grande. There are also
many fertile valleys among the mountains. This department was
created in 1875, from territory formerly belonging to San Miguel.
Until 1887 ^^ ^^^ known by the name of Gotera, but in that year
the name was changed to Morazan by decree of Congress, in memory
of the last President of the Central American Federation. It has
within its territory some rich mineral districts, in which there are
many silver mines in active operation.

The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, rice, corn,
and a great variety of fruits. Among its industries are the manu-
facture of cordage, mats, hats, lime, and earthenware of good

26 SALVADOR.

quality. It enjoys an active commerce, which is largely due to
the number of mining establishments.

The principal city, Gotera, is situated on the left bank ot the
Rio Grande, at an elevation of 2,1 19 feet above the sea level, and
137 miles east of the capital of the Republic. It is a small place,
but of very picturesque appearance. Its principal public buildings
are the town hall and Government building. It has a population
of 3,000, who are principally employed in silver mining and agri-
culture.

Department of La Union.

Cities. — La Union, San Alejo, Santa Rosa.

'T'ozvns. — Pasaquina, Sauce, Anamoros, Nueva Esparta, Concep-
cion de Oriente.

The department of La Union is bounded on the north by the
Republic of Honduras, on the east by that Republic and the Bay
of Fonseca, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by
the departments of San Miguel and Morazan. The western part
of its territory is mountainous; the northern portion, although
rugged, has many extensive plains and valleys noted for their fer-
tility. The coast is low and swampy in the rainy season from the
Honduras boundary, at the mouth of the Guascoran River, to the
port of La Union; the remainder of its coast line, although some-
what low, is dry and in places rugged. On the peninsula which
separates the Bay of Fonseca from the Pacific Ocean is the great
volcano of Conchagua, rising to a height of 7,000 feet above the
sea level, and about 20 miles in circumference at its base. It was
in eruption in February, 1868, but since that time it has been
dormant.

This department was created in 1865 by separation from the
territory of the department of San Miguel. It is a rich mineral
region and has a large number of mines in active operation. Agri-
culture is also prosperous, and large quantities of indigo, corn, rice.

SALVADOR. 27

and a variety of fruits are produced; also timber and dyewoods.
Among its industrial products are lime, palm-leaf hats and mats,
soap, articles of tortoise shell, cheese, hides, candles, dried fish, and
oysters. Through the port of La Union there is an active busi-
ness both in exports and imports, and commerce is active through-
out the department.

The principal city, La Union, is also one of the chief ports of
the Republic. It is situated on the shore of the Bay of Fonseca,
1/]/] miles east-southeast from the capital of the Republic. It is
not a large town, but it is well built and enjoys a large commerce.
Its principal public buildings are a good town hall, a modern
church, custom-house and warehouses, and several schoolhouses.
It has a population of 3,000, who are chiefly occupied in com-
merce and agriculture.

Chapter IV.

CONSTITUTION AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT.

Salvador is a free, sovereign, and independent Republic, and
its government is democratic, alternative, and representative. It
delegates its sovereign powers to the authorities established by the
Constitution promulgated on the 13th of August, 1886, namely:
The legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative is exer-
cised by a Congress of Deputies elected by the people, three from
each department, which meets in ordinary session every year and
in extra session whenever the Executive, in council with his min-
isters, may deem it necessary. The executive power is exercised
bv a citizen who bears the title of President of the Republic, with
the ministers at the head of the respective departments, four in
number, and are designated as follows : Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Justice, and Religion; Minister of the Treasury, Public Credit,
War, and Marine; Minister of the Interior and Government;
Minister of Public Works, Instruction, and Charities.

The President is elected by direct vote of the people for a
term of four years. He is also commander in chief of the army.
In case of a failure to elect, he is chosen by a majority of votes in
the Congress from the three candidates having the largest number
of votes in the popular election. He is not eligible to re-election
either as President or Vice-President until after the lapse of four
years. He is inaugurated on the 1st of March following his
election.

The judicial power is exercised by a supreme court, which

SALVADOR. 29

holds its sittings in the city of San Salvador. Two district courts
are also held in that city and district courts in the cities of Santa
Ana, San Miguel, and Cojutepeque. There are also several cir-
cuit judges and justices of the peace in their respective districts.

The government of each department is in charge of a governor,
who is also commandant of the military in his section, and is
appointed by the Executive. The different municipalities are
governed by their own officers elected directly by the people.
These consist of an alcalde, a syndic, and two or more regidores
or aldermen, according to the population.

As the Constitution is a voluminous document, containing many
items of interest, a full translation of it is given in the Appendix ;
also of a law passed in September, 1886, amplifying and explain-
ing the constitutional provisions relating to foreigners.

Chapter V.

' EDUCATION, CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, AND RELIGION.

For some years past the Government of Salvador has made
great efforts to improve and develop the educational facilities of
the country. In his message to Congress, delivered February 2o,
1893, President Ezeta said:

Profoundly convinced of the beneficial influence which education and instruc-
tion exercises on all social classes, I have continued during the past year to
extend to this important branch the most decided protection.

The large number of educational establishments sustained in greater part by
the State has rendered necessary the investment of large sums in the salaries of
professors and in the purchase of supplies and text-books. Knowing the diffi-
culties under which authors labor in a young country like ours, I have ordered
the printing at the public expense of various important works produced by some
of the best talent of the country. Some of them unite intrinsic merit with
fitness for use as text-books in our educational establishments.

Education in Salvador is divided into three classes, primary,
secondary, and superior or professional. According to the pro-
visions of the Constitution primary education is nonclerical, gra-
tuitous, and obligatory. Secondary comprises preparatory studies
for a university course and education for commercial life, land
surveying, and for teachers.

Professional education in the National University comprises
law, medicine and surgery, civil engineering, and pharmacy. At
the date of the last report, in 1893, there existed in the Republic
585 primary schools, including those for boys and girls. The
average daily attendance of pupils amounted to 29,427. There
is also in the city of San Salvador a kindergarten, sustained by
private means, which was founded by Senorita Augustina Charvin.
30

SALVADOR. 31

For secondary education there are three official institutes sup-
ported by the Government, the Western, the Central, and the
Eastern. The Central, which is located at the capital, has a
museum, a cabinet of physical science, and a meteorological
observatory. In the capital the Government also sustains a ladies'
normal college, the polytechnic school, and a normal school for
young men.

There are also in different parts of the country the following
private colleges for secondary education : At the capital, the Sal-
vadorean Lyceum, with 125 pupils; Santa Teresa College for girls,
and a theological seminary. At New San Salvador there are two
colleges for males, San Luis and The Sacred Heart, and one for
girls, called Santa Teresa. At Lacatecoluca, capital of the depart-
ment of La Paz, there is one; another in San Vincente; one in
Sonsonate; one in Usulutan, called the National Institute, and
one called La Concordia in Ahuachapan.

Higher or professional education is regulated by a law passed
February 15, 1886. The government of the university is exer-
cised by a board called "Superior Council of Public Instruction."
The rector of the university is the chief of the establishment.
The faculties are pharmacy and natural science, medicine and
surgery, jurisprudence, and civil engineering. The curriculum
necessary for graduation is, in pharmacy and natural science, three
years; medicine and surgery, six years; jurisprudence, seven years;
topographical engineering, three years; and in the departments of
architecture, mechanical engineering, and bridges and roads, four
years. There is a good public library and free reading room, which
occupies commodious apartments in the building of the National
University. "

There has lately been established at the capital a national college
for the higher education of women.

The amount appropriated by the Government for public educa-
tion during the year 1892 was $308,382.50.

32 SALVADOR.

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS.

The charitable and benevolent institutions of Salvador are under
the direct charge of the Government, and are controlled and regu-
lated by the Minister of Education, Public Works and Benevo-
lence.

Standing in the front rank among these institutions are the
hospitals, which are established in the cities of San Salvador, Santa
Ana, Sonsonate, Ahuachapan, Nueva San Salvador, Zacatecoluca,
San Vincente, San Miguel, Alegria, Chalatenango, and La Union,
which are all well organized and equipped. The hospital in the
city of San Salvador in particular is an honor to the country and
the Government as an admirably equipped institution with an
excellent medical staff and the nursing and household arrange
ments in charge of the Sisters of Charity. During the year 1892
3,196 patients were treated, of whom 2,791 were discharged cured,
201 died, and 224 remained under treatment at the end of the
year; the expenses amounted to $80,101.72. During the year
1891, 7,560 patients were cared for in all the hospitals of the
Republic, of whom 598 died, or about 8 per cent. The total
expenses amounted to $156,054.05. '

A new and magnificent hospital building is being erected in
the city of San Salvador which will bear the name of the Rosales
Hospital, in memory of the late Don Jose Rosales, who bequeathed
the munificent sum of between three and four millions of pesos
(dollars) for this purpose. Iron is the principal material used in
its construction which is manufactured in Belgium.

There is in the city of San Salvador an excellent asylum and
school for orphans of bo^h sexes, where they not only receive a
good primary education, but the boys are taught carpentry, shoe-
making, and other trades, and the girls the occupations adapted to
their sex; there are also classes in music and electric telegraphy.
The institution is admirably managed by the Sisters of Charity.

SALVADOR.

There is also in the city an asylum for the aged poor, which is
supported by the Government. An asylum for orphans has also
recently been established in the city of Sonsonate.

The latest report states that the amount expended by the Gov-
ernment for the support of benevolent inbtitutions during the year,
in addition to sums contributed by charitable individuals, was
$190,000.

RELIGION.

As a natural consequence ot its long ascendency during the
Spanish rule, the prevailing religion in Salvador is the Roman
Catholic, and previous to the liberal revolution in 1871 no other
was tolerated. The consequence of that movement was the proc-
lamation of religious freedom, the removal of the cemeteries from
clerical government, legalizing civil marriage, making education
nonclerical, and the abolition of monastic institutions. All these
changes are embodied in the Constitution promulgated on the 13th
of August, 1886, and under which the country is now governed,
which guaranties the free exercise of all religions without other
limitation than the preservation of morality and public order.
The diocese of San Salvador was created in the year 1842; the
fourth bishop, who is now in charge, is Dr. Don Adolfo Perez y
Aguilar.

Bull. 58 3

Chapter VI.

CLIMATE AND SEASONS.

The lowlands of Salvador are generally hot, as must be expected
in a tropical country, but the high' table-lands and mountain slopes
of the interior are comparatively temperate and cool and enjoy a
delightful and healthy climate. There are only two seasons, the
wet, called by the natives winter, and the dry, called summer; the
former commences in May and continues until October, and the
dry season from November until April. The heaviest rains occur
in July and August, in which months strong winds precede the
rain, which finally falls in torrents, frequently accompanied by
heavy thunder and continued electrical discharges. During the
rainy season there are two short interval^ when no rain falls and '
the skies are bright and serene. These are called the Canicula
(ddg days) and the short summer of St. John. September and
October are the two most unpleasant months; while the rain
does not fall in torrent-like thunder showers, it is more continuous.
During this time the lowlands near the coast and river bottoms
are flooded, the roads become impassable, the diligence and carry-
ing lines suspend their traffic, and internal mail routes are delayed
and interrupted.

The climate of Salvador is healthy, except that in the low coast
lands at certain seasons malarial fevers prevail, but no other part
of the Republic is subject to endemic diseases. Although exact
mortuary statistics are difficult to be obtained, the annual death rate
for the whole country is estimated at about lo in the i,oop.

SALVADOR.

Dr. David J. Guzman, in a .work on the physical aspects of
Salvador, gives some valuable hints to immigrants and unacclima-
tized persons visiting the country, of which the following is a
translation :

When the European lands on our shores he soon feels the moist heat which
prevails, particularly in the wet season. His strength begins gradually to fail,
and his appetite, which in his native country (particularly if he is from the
north) was vigorous, soon languishes ; his habitual energy declines. He then
begins to realize the influence which the new climate exercises on his animal
economy and the- necessity of moderating the hard work to which he may have
been accustomed in his own country, but which here would occasion serious
damage to the health of an immigrant. He will observe that the native, not-
withstanding that he is acclimatized, knows how to resist the heat and escape
fatigue by moderating his work and performing it in the cool hours of the morn-
ing and evening.

He should avoid the immoderate use of fruits which, although to him new
and delicious, will disarrange the gastro-intestinal functions and produce grave
disorders in them. A necessary precaution for the immigrant to take is to pro-
vide against sudden changes of temperature. Frequently, before a rainfall, an
oppressive moist heat is felt, causing a profuse perspiration. While in this con-
dition a fresh breeze frequently springs up which, unless precaution is taken
against a sudden chill, may (jccasion grave disorders of the organs of respiration
and digestion, producing dysentery and inflammatory affections of the chest,
especially if the immigrant is stout and full-blooded. Light flannel clothing
constantly worn will provide against chills. Although at first they may appear
to be uncomfortably warm, use will soon make them preferable to cotton and
linen, which have the disadvantage of cooling the wearer too quickly, thus pro-
ducing conditions deleterious to health.

The skin should be kept in good condition, as perspiration, which is active in
hot climates, should be unobstructed. For this purpose sea or river baths, com-
bining exercise with cleanliness, are very salutary. Care should be taken to
avoid sleeping in low and damp places. The air, laden with miasma, arising
from decomposing vegetable and animal matter, occupies by its specific gravity
the lower strata of the atmosphere. It is from this cause that houses in low and
damp locations are attacked by fevers of all kinds and types, which at times
occasion ravages among newly arrived people. If situated in the country, houses
should be located on the high grounds and as far distant as possible from swamps
and marshes. Clothing should be loose, so as to admit free circulation of air

SALVADOR.

and perspiration and unincumbered movement, and should not be dark in color,
as dark colors absorb the heat and light ones best resist the solar radiation.

In hot climates like ours digestion is weak and slow. Animal foods, and fats
in particular, which are heat-producing, are injurious to the inhabitants, as much
from the difficulty of their digestion as from the additional labor imposed on
the liver, which has to secrete a greater quantity of bile to dissolve the excess
of fatty matter introduced. This extra work will in time produce the various
forms of inflammation to which this organ is liable in tropical countries.

The food of the colonist in Salvador should be a properly proportioned
mixture of animal and vegetable substances, without an excess of spices and
condiments, which are generally used in our national food for the purpose of
stimulating the appetite, rendered sluggish by the prevalence of great heat, par-
ticularly on the coast. It may be found useful to use with the meals good wines
diluted with alkaline mineral waters, such as vichy, etc. All spirituous drinks
should be used very moderately, and only immediately before or with meals.
Persons who use spirituous liquors to excess, particularly foreigners who are of
a sanguine constitution or temperament, will quickly suffer from their destructive
effects, as they cause acute congestion of the liver and the gastro-intestinal
organs, producing in the former active inflammations and in the latter diarrhea
and dysentery more or less severe.

These causes, and the heat and humidity which prevail in some localities, will,
unless proper precaution is used, reduce the newly arrived stranger to a condi-
tion of weakness injurious both to mind and body.

It may also be logically inferred that the colonist, on arrival in a tropical
country such as ours, ought* not to radically change the habits acquired at home.
It will be sufficient to introduce some slight modifications which will not vio-
lently and suddenly change his former methods of life.

The above-named precautions are only such as should be taken
by all natives of northern regions visiting for the first time a trop-
ical country. In the majority of cases where foreigners suffer from
the change of climate the cause can be traced to their own impru-
dence and careless habits of life. With only ordinary attention
to hygienic laws, and particularly to temperance in eating and
drinking, there is no reason why any person of good constitution
should not enjoy as good health in Salvador as in any other part
of the world.

The Government has of late years bestowed most praiseworthy

SALVADOR. 07

attention to the preservation of the public health. Preventive
measures are employed against the spread of infectious diseases,
and vaccination has been made obligatory. In the city of San
Salvador especially, the health officer has shown great vigilance
and skill in these directions, and has subjected provisions of all
kinds to the strictest supervision. These, with the construction
of sewers and other sanitary arrangements, are contributing largely
to the healthy condition of the city.

Chapter VII.

AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.

Agriculture has always been the principal industry of Salvador.
It has, within the past {gw years particularly, attained considerable
development and has given evidence of progress and some improve-
ment on the primitive methods which have been in use from remote
ages, but there is still necessity for a wider diffusion of knowledge
and the introduction of modern methods and improved machinery
and implements.

As a rule the agriculturists do not understand the use of fertil-
izers, and they conduct all their operations in the most primitive
,manner. When they have succeeded in exhausting the soil and
they find their crops diminishing, they allow it to lie fallow and
cultivate a new field. The implements in use are of the most
antiquated patterns, and it is very difficult to introduce new ones
or to induce the native 'farmers to adopt any novelties.

The chief agricultural products are coffee, indigo, balsam, sugar,
tobacco, India rubber, rice, cacao, cotton, cereals, and fruits.

COFFEE.

Coffee is produced in all parts of the Republic wherever the
lands rise from 1,500 to 4,000 feet above the sea level. It is by
far the most important product of the country, as it has for some
years past formed more than one-half of the total amount of the
exports. The best and most productive plantations are in the
departments of Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Ahuachapan, La Libertad,
and San Salvador. Cuscatlan, La Paz, and Usulutan are also
38

SALVADOR.

making considerable progress in this industry, as within the past
few years many thousands of trees have been planted in those
departments, which will soon enable them to export large quan-
tities.

In starting a coffee plantation it is usual to purchase the young
trees about 2 years old from nurseries, as by this method two years'
time is saved and the returns of profit on the in\^estment corre-
spondingly quickened. The average price of the trees at that age
is $10 to $20 per 1,000.

The coffee tree is a tender shrub, and needs careful tending and
protection from the sun from the time of planting and even for
years after it has begun to produce crops. For this purpose bananas,
plantains, or other quick-growing, wide-branching trees are planted
between the rows. Careful weeding is also a necessity. It is gen-
erally calculated that the trees will be sufficiently matured when 3
years old to produce a fair crop, which will continue to increase
until the seventh year, when it will have reached its maximum.
It is calculated that the outlay for labor and expenses in produc-
ing coffee to the grower is about 5 cents per pound. The retail
price varies from 10 to 25 cents per pound. It is estimated that
about one-half of the crop is consumed in the country and the
remainder exported.

The last crop was not as abundant as the preceding one, show-
ing a decrease of nearly 18,000 bags, but it has brought higher
prices, ordinary quality selling as high as $30 to $32 Salvador
currency per quintal (1 01 j^ pounds). Some drawback, however,
exists on this increased price in the imposition of a new tax of $2.25
gold on all exported coffee in lieu of the former tax of $1 silver.

INDIGO.

The botanical name of the plant which produces the indigo of
commerce is Indigofera Anil. The aboriginal name in Salvador
is Jiquilite, and both the plant and its product are called Anil in

SALVADOR.

Spanish. It has always been an important product in Salvador,
being only second to coffee in the list of exports. It is grown
principally on the high, rocky soils of the departments of Chala-
tenango. Cabanas, and Morazan, and to some extent in those of Santa
Ana, San Vincente, and San Miguel.

The methods followed in the preparation of the soil and culti-
vation of the plant are very different from the careful attention
bestowed on these points in the indigo plantations of the East
Indies. The usual plan in Salvador is merely to cut and burn
the brush and undergrowth, sow the seed, and let it grow as best
it can. It is generally sown in May, and by September is fit for the
harvest, when the flower buds are about to open, at which time it
is richest in the indigo-yielding matter. It is cut at a few inches
above the foot, and the leaves and stems tied into bundles about
lo inches in diameter, and conveyed at once to the factory, in
which there are three brick tanks, placed in close proximity, each
being on a lower level than the other. The sheaves are piled in
the uppermost tank, covered with water, and heavy weights placed
on them. A fermentation more or less rapid arises, according to
the temperature, but generally in from nine to fourteen hours. The
liquid, which has become of a greenish-yellow color, is then run
off into the next lower tank, where it is necessary to keep it in a
state of violent agitation in order to oxygenize it. For this pur-
pose it is beaten for several hours by men armed with long paddles
or poles, thus constantly exposing new surfaces to the action of the
air. It is then run off into the third and lowest tank, where ^
macerated shrub, known as cuaja-tinta (ink coagulator) is added,
which has the effect of precipitating the indigo to the bottom of the
tank, when the water is drawn off, leaving the tinta in the shape
of a purple-colored mud at the bottom, which then undergoes the '
process of drying and pressing into cakes ready for packing for
market.

There is no doubt that this industry could be rendered much

SALVADOR. 41

more profitable if more careful methods and improved apparatus
were introduced in the cultivation and manufacture of the product.
The quantity of indigo produced in Salvador has been falling off
for some years past, but it is now again increasing, the amount
produced in 1891 being 7,889 serrones (1 serronr=:i50 pounds)
and in 1892, 9,587 serrones. The prospects of the future of this
industry seem to be encouraging.

BALSAM.

The tree which produces this article is the Myrospermum salva-
toriensis, or, as it was called in the aboriginal language, the
Hoitziloxitl^ grows almost exclusively on the Costa del Balsamo,
or Balsam Coast of Salvador, which comprises the seashores of
the departments of Sonsonate and La Libertad, although Great
Britain, ever alert to improve the resources of her Asiatic terri-
tory, has recently introduced it into the Island of Ceylon.

The balsam is a lofty leguminous tree, frequently reaching a
height of 100 feet and over. The Indians living on the Balsam
Coast, who are the nearest approach to the aboriginal tribes, have
a monopoly of the balsam product, are supported entirely by it,
and live in the forests in unmolested seclusion.

There are two methods of extracting the viscid liquid, which is
known in commerce as the Balsam of Peru, from the fact that it
was first sent from Salvador to Peru in the early days of Spanish
rule, and from thence found its way to Europe.

The first consists in scraping the skin of the bark to the depth
of one-tenth of an inch with a sharp machete, in small spaces,
some 1 2 to 1 5 inches square, all along the trunk and stout branches
of the tree. Immediately after this operation the portions scraped
are heated with burning torches made out of the dried branches
of a tree called " chimaliote," and after this pieces of old cotton
cloth are spread on the warmed and half-charred bark. By punch-
ing the edges of the cloths against the tree with the point of the

SALVADOR.

machete they are made to adhere. In this condition they are left
for twenty-four or even forty-eight hours (in January), when the
rags are gathered and submitted to a decoction in big iron pots.
After this the rags are subjected while still hot to a great pressure
in an Indian machine, made of strong ropes and wooden levers,
worked by hand. The balsam oozes out and falls into a recep-
tacle, where it is allowed to cool. This is called raw balsam. To
refine it they boil it again and drain it, after which they pack it
in iron cans ready for market.

The other method of extracting balsam consists in entirely bark-
ing the trunk and heavy branches of the tree, a process which, as
a rule, kills it outright, or at best renders it useless for several
years. The bark is finely ground, boiled, and submitted to pres-
sure, in order to extract the oil, which is considered of an inferior
quality to thalT obtained by the system first described. Both
methods are defective, but the latter is ruinous and is forbidden
by the authorities.

When ready for market it is a thick, viscid oleo resin, of a deep
brown or black color, and has a fragrant balsamic odor. It has
been analyzed and its percentage composition found to be ; Cin-
namic acid, 46; resin, 32; benzylic alcohol, 20. It is used in
perfumery, and in medicine as a stimulative application to indo-
lent sores and internally as a remedy for asthma and other pec-
toral complaints

SUGAR.

The climate and soil of Salvador are well adapted to the growth
of sugar cane, which is cultivated to a greater or less extent in all
the departments. With the introduction of capital and improved
machinery the production of sugar would become a great industry.
Even with the imperfect work now done all the sugar used in the
Republic is of home production, and among the exports it ranks
next in importance to indigo. The greater part of that used in

SALVADOR.

the country is in the shape of small blocks weighing about 2
pounds ; it is called " panela," and looks and tastes very much like
the maple sugar of our Northern States. A large quantity of it
is used in the manufacture of native rum. Loaves of compact
white sugar, weighing from 25 to 40 pounds, are also manufac-
tured. The mills which produce the "panela" are generally of
wood, of very primitive construction, and the work done by them
is very imperfect. There are in the country a few plants run by
steam, where a better class of sugar is produced, but these are
owned by large operators, who export their whole crops.

TOBACCO.

A considerable quantity of tobacco is produced in Salvador, as
it grows luxuriantly in all the departments and at different eleva-
tions. If better methods of drying and preparation of the leaves
were in use a much higher grade would be produced, which would
command attention in foreign markets and lead to a considerable
extension of the industry. In December, 1892, a large quantity
of tobacco seed was introduced by the Government and distributed
gratis among agriculturists with the idea of promoting the culture
of the plant, and at the same time two natives of Cuba were
employed to teach the method of curing and working the tobacco
as practiced in Cuba. At present nearly all the tobacco produced
is consumed in the country, in the shape of cigars and cigarettes,
by men, women, and children. Chewing tobacco and pipes are
not used.

The methods of handling the tobacco heretofore in use are very
primitive. TJie growers allow the leaves to dry in the sun without
detaching them from the stalks, which are cut a few inches above
the surface of the ground. They then pile them in stacks from 6
to 9 feet in diameter and 3 to 4 feet high, on the top of which they
place heavy weights, covering them with a thick layer of banana
leaves. Fermentation ensues which, from its action, brings out

44 SALVADOR.

the color and aroma of the leaves. When it is considered that the
process is complete the tobacco is taken from the stack, exposed
for a short time to the air, and the leaves detached from the stalks,
sorted, and tied into bundles for market. The export trade in
tobacco is small and principally to the neighboring Republics.

INDIA RUBBER.

Although the Government has made many efforts to promote
the planting of India rubber trees, they have not hitherto been
attended with success, and all of the product has been derived
'from trees growing wild in the forests which cover the low, moist
plains in the departments of La Paz, La Union, San Miguel, and
Us&lutan. The methods of extracting the sap and making the
rubber are of the same rude and wasteful description as are prac-
ticed in other parts of Central America, and are conducted in a
desultory and shiftless manner by the Indians. The result is that
the amount exported is small and the industry has not attained
any prominence.

RICE

Is extensively grown and forms quite an important crop. All
that is raised in Salvador is of the upland variety, and is grown
on the dry table-lands and hillsides. The greater part of the crop
is consumed at home, the exports being confined to small quanti-
ties sent to the neighboring Republics.

OTHER PRODUCTS.

Cacao is cultivated in many of the departments, and the quality
produced is good. It is nearly all consumed in the country, in the
shape of chocolate, etc., and has made but a small figure in the list
of exports, although climate and soil are well adapted for its suc-
cessful cultivation.

Frijoles, the brown beans, which form such an important article

SALVADOR. 45

of diet in all the Spanish-American countries, are produced in
large quantities in all parts of the Republic.

Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, and vegetables in great variety are
successfully cultivated and produce abundant crops.

The cultivation of tropic fruits for export trade has excited but
little interest in Salvador, as it lies too far from the markets of the
United States, and its geographical position is such as to render
it impossible to compete with the neighboring Republics having
ports on the Atlantic coast; consequently fruit is raised solely for
the purpose of supplying the domestic demand.

CATTLE.

The introduction of improved breeds of cattle has, within the
past few years, received increased attention from the agriculturists.
The fertile mountain slopes and foothills furnish excellent pas-
turage, and the future of this industry has a very promising outlook.

Within the past year the Government has established an agri-
cultural educational establishment and model farm in the suburbs
of the city of San Salvador, which is to be stocked with selected
breeds of cattle, horses, hogs, and fowls from the United States.
It is expected that this establishment will prove of great value to
the agricultural interests of the country. The Government has
also offered a prize of $50 for the best breed of cattle, horses, and
mares introduced into the country with the object of improving
the native breeds, which will doubtless have a very beneficial effect
in that direction.

FORESTRY.

In consequence of the smaller forest area, the exportation of
cabinet woods is not likely to attain the same importance as in some
other parts of tropical America, yet Salvador has an ample supply
of valuable timber, including mahogany, cedar, ebony, granadilla,
etc. The low coast lands produce considerable quantities of dye-

46 SALVADOR.

woods, of which, perhaps, the mora, or fustic of commerce, is the
most abundant and valuable. There also exists an ample supply
of timber suitable for all building purposes, such as pitch pine,
which is similar to the long-leaved yellow pine of our Southern
States, ceiba, and others. Of late years several sawmills have
been put in operation.

There are two plants, which grow wild in all parts of the country,
which are very valuable. These are the pita, from the fibre of
which is made thread, twine, cordage, hammocks, and a great
variety of other articles, and the yucca, from which starch is man-
ufactured. The country abounds also in valuable medicinal
plants and others that are useful from a commercial point of view.

Chapter VI 11.

MINERALS AND MINING.

The mineral veins of Salvador are found principally in the
rocks of the mountain chain, or cordillera, which extends into
Honduras and Nicaragua and forms the richest mining districts
of those countries. The veins run generally parallel with the
direction of the range, that is, from east to west, but are often
found to be much broken and interrupted by the action of
upheaval. Deposits of gold, silver, copper, and lead are more
generally found in the eastern part of the Republic, iron in the
western, and coal at various points in the valley of the River
Lempa.

Of all the departments of the Republic, Morazan is the richest
in minerals. In it, according to the latest statistical account, there
exist 90 mines, or one-half of all the mining establishments of
the country. They are described as follows: In the mineral set-
tlement of Corozal, in the township of San Carlos, there are 8
mines, viz: Corozal, a gold mine in good working condition and
with good machinery; Miguelito, Barrios, and Agua Caliente,
producing gold and silver, but not very rich ; Guarumal, a mine
producing silver ore of high grade; and San Bartolo, Plumora-
Barrios, and Guarumo-Barrios, silver mines.

In the settlement of Encuentros, situated in the same township,
there are 32 mines: Mina Grande; Guapinol, Virginia, Dolores,
La Matilde, and El Rosario, all producing gold and silver ore
yielding 10 marks of silver and an ounce of gold per ton; El

48 SALVADOR.

Cuartel, El Recreo, Crito, Santa Nicolasa, La Plomosa, La Espe-
ranza, La Fe, Chance, Santa Lucia, Persito, Diamante, and Ofir,
all of them producing gold and silver, the Persito having also
lead; La Soledad, La Luz, San Emilio, San Antonio, San Juan,
Santa Emilia, Santa Anita, El Nance, Santa Nicolosa, Santa
Francisca, Santa Isabel, and San Antonio, all producing gold and
silver ores of various grades, and all owned by different persons.

In the Loma Larga settlement, in the townships of San Carlos
and Jocoro, there are 34. mines, all yielding gold and silver as
follows: Loma Larga, Pique de la Senora, Socorro, Don Adolfo,
Santa Maria, Santa Elena, Julia, Montecristo, La Perla, Guana-
caste, San Jose, Santiago, La Fortuna, La Providencia, San Pedro,
San Antonio, La Soledad, El Bosque, La Calera, Santa Bar-
bara, Santa Maria, Gigante, Carolina, Flamenco, Divisadero, La
Angela, and Juanita (the last-named four being the property
of the Divisadero Gold and Silver Mining Company), Colombia,
San Jacinto, Pavon, Nueva San Francisco, La Ventura, and San
Rafael.

In the township of Soledad there are 12 mines, all producing
gold and silver, as follows : Montemayor, Banadero, El Caragiiito,
El Carao, Misericordia, La Calabaza, Jimerito, La Fe, La Espe-
ranza, Mala Barranca, El Gato, and Huilihuiste.

In the township of Gotera there are the mines of La Concha
and San Francisco.

In the township of Zamabal there are 2 mines, named El Cru-
cero and La Esperanza, and in the township of Cacaopera there
is the Piedra Negra mine.

Of the above-mentioned, the settlements of Corozal, Encuentros,
Loma Larga, Divisadero, and Flamenco are completely equipped
with mills, smelters, and machinery for the reduction of ores and
producing bullion.

The next departments in rank as mineral districts are Santa
Ana and Chalatenango, in each of which there are 28 mines.

SALVADOR.

The following tabic, compiled by Senor Don Rafael Reyes,
chief of the Salvadorean Bureau of Statistics, shows the number
of mines in each department and the minerals they produce :

Departments.

a
•3

S
s

u
V

•a

1
ni
C

3
S
S

h- 1

a
2

■a
c

IS
a

ft
ft
0
0

■3
0

a
0
u

■a .
" ft

■3

San Salvador

La Libertad

Chalatenango

2
S

S
9

I
3

38
17

La Paz

2
100

Total .

tRo

In several of the departments not mentioned as having mines,
mineral claims have been made and are in course of development.

The mining laws of Salvador are embodied in El Codigo de
Mineria (The Mining Code), the provisions of which are substan-
tially identical with those of the other Spanish-American countries.
The following is a translation of the most important clauses:

Sec. 15. The ownership of a mine is acquired by means of a concession
granted by competent authority, under the provisions of the present law, or by
any other way of conveyance or transfer of property recognized by the munic-
ipal law of the country.

Sec 16. A concession is the formal adjudication or grant of a mine, made in
favor of some one who has complied with all the requisites of law, and it carries
with it the power to work the mine within the limits of a fixed area or extent.

Sec. 17. No concession shall be granted except upon application and all other
regular proceedings provided for by this code.

An exemplified copy of the whole record of the said proceedings shall be the
title of the ownership of the.mine.

Sec. 18. A concession granted in full conformity with the provisions of this
law conveys to the grantee the ownership of the mine, and enables, therefore.
Bull. 58 4

50 SALVADOR.

the same grantee freely to dispose both of the mine and of its yield, as his own
private property.

Sec. 19. The concessions are made for unlimited time, and last so long as the
grantees comply with the conditions imposed on them by this law.

Sec. 20. The refuse and slag heaps of abandoned mines and smelting estab-
lishments shall not be allowed to be worked except upon a special concession ;
but if the ground on which they are found is private property, they shall belong
to its owner.

Sec. 21. The tailings and grounds of abandoned mines are integral parts of
the mine to which they belong, and can not be made the subject of a separate
concession.

Sec. 22. No concession shall ever be made until after the metal supposed to
exist in the mine is actually found, and without sufficient proof that there is
ground enough to constitute a mining property.

Sec. 61. Miners and all other persons continuously engaged in mining works
shall be exempted from military and municipal service.

They shall be exempted also from imprisonment for civil debt, and no attach-
ment can be made of their wages, on account of the same debts, for more than
one-fourth of their amount.

Sec. 63. Miners and laborers shall be exempted from the tax called the
"beneficiencia," which is levied on all the inhabitants of the Republic.

Chapter IX.

COMMERCE.

Notwithstanding the disadvantage under which Salvador labors
of having no ports on the Atlantic Coast and no outlet for mer-
chandise in that direction, the commerce of the country has been
remarkably active, a result largely due to the high prices that have
been obtained for coffee for several years. For some time past,
however, the great fall in the price of silver and consequent high
rate of exchange has exerted a depressing influence, and the year
1892 shows a decrease in the amount of both exports and imports.

The foreign commerce for 1892 was as follows:

Dollars.

Exports 6, 838, 258. 74

Imports 2, 320, 941. 30

Excess of exports 4, 517, 317. 44

The President of the Republic in his message to Congress of
20th of February, 1893, in referring to this says:

This immense balance in our favor is such a proportion as perhaps no other
country in the world can show ; it represents an accumulation ot savings, and
consequently considerable increase in public wealth. Our situation would have,
been extremely favorable if circumstances impossible to foresee had not partly
nullified the conditions. These arose from the precautions rendered necessary
by the prevalence of cholera in Europe, and the crisis brought about in conse-
quence of the extraordinary fall in the price ot silver.

The exports, divided by countries, were as follows :

Pesos.

United States 2, 878, 649. 00

France 953, 998. 00

Great Britain 797, 812. 00

Germany 787, 480.00

Italy 399, 678. 00

Spain 22, 663. 00

Other countries 997, 978. 74

Total 6,838,258.74

52 SALVADOR.

The following are the commodities shipped :

» ■ Pesos.

Coffee 4, 526, 755. 00

Indigo I, 151, 169.00

Sugar 164, 089. 06

Balsam 55, 781. 00

Hides 32, 734. 00

India rubber 10, 578. 00

Silver coin 550, 681. 00

Silver bullion 149, 872. 00

Tobacco, leaf 30, 646. 00

Tobacco, manufactured 108, 040. 00

Other articles 223, 857. 30

Total 2, 320, 941. 30

The trade between the United States and Salvador has steadily
grown and may now be considered as well and soundly established.
The following report, made by Mr. G. J. Dawson, U. S. vice-
consul at San Salvador, September 3, 1893, gives a clear pre-
sentation of the present conditions:

After a careful investigation of the existing difficulties that our trade has to

SALVADOR. 53

overcome in this country in order to successfully compete with European goods,
I have arrived at certain conclusions vi^hich I judge worthy of the consideration
of our manufacturers and exporters.

Our commerce in Salvador has grown up slowly, but at the same time steadily,
in spite of the prejudice aroused against it by competitors and in spite of deplor-
able errors committed in the beginning by some of our shortsighted exporters.

The reputation of our goods, now firmly established and daily extending in
these markets, is due to their merit. Two facts, however, almost nullify the
advantages we have already gained. These are our short-credit system and our
lack of transportation facilities, which produces the anomalous result of cheaper
freight rates from European than from American ports.

It has befen frequently said, and it is a fact, that American manufactures can
not compete with goods of European make on account of the cheapness of the
latter. This cheapness is generally due either to absolute inferiority of the trans-
atlantic article or to heavier freights paid from American ports. Rather than
debase the quality and the good reputation of our products, it is preferable to
go on as we are going; it is better to be unable to compete, in a certain sense
of the word, because the consumers here understand very well that the higher
prices they pay for our articles are in just proportion to their superior quality.
But if freights were reduced the prices actually demanded for our goods would
naturally fall, and we would then stand a fair chance of becoming the masters
of Central American trade.

Let us compare a few European articles with those of American manufacture,
in order to establish the real difference existing between them, independently
of prices. American cotton "manta" appears in this market as a heavy, soft,
white fabric, 36 inches wide and 40 yards long. English shirtings usually come
in 24-yard pieces, 24 to 28 inches wide. It is of a yellowish gray hue, thin and
brittle in texture, as if the threads of which it is woven were held together by
the lime and glue with which it is entirely coated. European and American
calicoes, muslins^ cotton handkerchiefs, braids, and other stuffs ot the same kind
likewise differ, those of American make showing at a glance what they are, the
European concealing under a brilliant exterior the poverty of their quality. The
lower classes of the people give the preference to European goods, on account
of their cheapness, but, aware of their bad quality, are constantly striving to
obtain American articles, satisfied that they would gain, though paying higher
prices.

Salvadorean importers get in England, on long terms of credit, whitt cotton
shirtings in 40-yard pieces, 33 inches wide, at $1.55 per piece; in 24-yard
pieces and narrower widths at 88 cents ; gray cotton domestics in 40-yard pieces.

_5'4 SALVADOR.

28 inches wide, at $1.37 per piece; striped cotton towels, 36 by 72 inches, at
$4 per dozen; and white towels, 28 by 64, at ^2.20 per dozen.

Cotton yarn, bleached and dyed, is imported only from England and is much
used in the manufacture of native " manta," drills, cotton shawls (or " rebosos "),
napkins, tablecloths, and coarse handkerchiefs woven in the country. It comes
in bales of 45 or 50 bundles, weighing 5 pounds each. According to consular
invoices this yarn, dyed, is bought in Manchester at 20 cents per pound. Ameri-
can cotton yarn could advantageously compete in this market with the English
article, and it would be worth while to give this line of trade a trial, since the
English carry it on with a profit even after buying the raw material from the
United States or other countries.

Sewing thread is exclusively imported from the United States.

Woolen fabrics are mostly imported from France, England, and Germany.
With few exceptions they are mixed with other materials. They wear very
poorly and sell at prices sufficiently high for first-class goods. American woolen
stuffs could find acceptance in much larger quantities than are now actually
imported. Their only drawbacks are, as stated above, the higher freig'hts and
noncredit system of our tradespeople. Woolen hats of American manufacture
are being imported. Their superiority in every respect is recognized by the
people.

Silk thread and stuffs are generally imported from France. The United States
have lately begun to introduce this kind of goods, and, as regards fineness in
quality, they have nothing to envy in those of European manufacture.

The importation of bottled beer from the United States is growing more and
more every day. English beers are fast withdrawing from this market, which
not long ago they monopolized. ■ The German article is the only one in compe-
tition. Beer is not imported in barrels.

Cheap European wines, cognacs, and rums, generally imported from England
and Germany, are being slowly driven away by the pure articles from California.
With lower freights we would soon become the absolute masters of the wine and
liquor trade of Salvador. Chile is now looking to Central America as a new
field for the exportation of her wines and cereals. Heretofore Central America
has imported from Great Britain Chilean wines adulterated by European dealers,
who sent them back to this continent nicely bottled and gaily labeled. In the
future these countries will import the pure wines and liquors of the southern
Republic, with which we shall have to compete.

Shoes and shoemakers' materials are more rarely imported from Europe than
formerly. We are rapidly gaining ground in this line, and we are the only
exporters to these countries of sewing machines for shoemakers' use, as well as
of many raw materials and tools.

SALVADOR. 55

In the commerce of glass and china ware, as also of lamps and thdr accesso-
ries, bric-a-brac, and similar goods, we are improving. The same might be said
of cheap jewelry, paper, blank and printed books, and all stationery. American
watches and clocks have great demand, and their use is steadily growing. Our
trade in drugs, medicines, and perfumery is making rapid progress. Mercury is
largely imported from Europe. In some articles, however, such as rubber and
leather goods, blacking, varnishes, cordage, and umbrellas, we are making great
improvement.

With regard to machinery, our trade is increasing constantly. Sewing ma-
chines of all descriptions, as well as carpenters' foot-power machines, are
imported from the United States. Sugar-cane mills, turbines, and other water
wheels, coiFee and rice cleaning machines, electric apparatus, railway locomo-
tives, and steam engines of American manufacture are more frequently imported
than are those of European make.

The competition between American hardware and that of England and Ger-
many is becoming more brisk and important every day, notwithstanding cheaper
freights from European ports and the difference in credit systems. The great
superiority of our goods is daily more firmly established, and this is proved by
the repeated efforts made by transatlantic manufacturers to imitate our articles
and trade-marks, aided by dealers here who openly declare, when detected, that
English or German goods are "as good as American."

Galvanized-iron wire for telegraphic and fence purposes, as well as revolvers
and rifles, are exclusively imported from the United States. First-class tools,
machetes, axes, wire and cut nails, hunting knives, and steel in bars mostly come
from the United States.

The following are wholesale prices at which Salvador merchants get some of
their goods on credit in English markets :

Dollars.

Axes (good quality, without handles) each . . .78

Machetes per dozen. . 2. 36

Kettles (" peroles"), for cane juice each. .

Hunting knives per dozen . .

Shears per gross . .

Sheet-iron cans, for balsam packing each. .

Galvanized sheet iron per pound . .

Zinc, in sheets do. . . .

Steel, in bars do. . . .

Iron buckets do ... .

Iron "comales" (open flat ovens, for baking corn bread) . . . .do. . . .

Iron " cantaros" (water pitchers) do. . . .

Hoes per dozen. .

Lead, in bars per pound .

Tin, in bars , do ... .

,40

■ 15

, 20

. OIj

051

.03

■50

. 02i

. 20

s(>

SALVADOR.

With regard to furniture, it may be said that most of that imported comes
from the United States. The same is also true to a very large extent of oil,
paints, brushes, moldings, and tapestries, which were hardly ever brought. from
the United States till a few years ago.

Coal, petroleum, gasoline, and naphtha, Portland cement, cotton-seed oil,
tea, lumber, ready-made doors and blinds, preserved meats, lard, fresh and pre-
served fruits and vegetables, Indian corn and maizena, flour, and rice come
exclusively from the United States, as also large quantities of pickles, cheese,
salt fish, and other potted meats.

The exports from the United States to Salvador during the year ending June
30, 1893, were as follows:

Articles.

Agricultural implements

Cars, passenger and freight, for steam railroads number. .

Cotton, manufactures of :

Cloths, colored and uncolored .yards. .

All other

Fish, canned, other than salmon

India rubber and gutta-percha, manufactures of

Iron and steel, manufactures of:

Cutlery

Firearms

Machinery, not elsewhere specified . .

Nails and spikes —

Cut pounds. .

Wire, wrought, horseshoe, and all other, including

tacks pounds. .

Saws and tools

Steam engines, etc. — stationary engines number. .

Wire pounds. .

Leather and manufactures of :

Leather :

Manufactures —

Boots and shoes pairs . .

Harness and saddles

All other

All other articles

Domestic exports
Foreign goods

Total exports

Quantities.

I, 843, 224

54. 660
2, 600

Values.

I, 356, 863

263

Dollars.
1,817
3.712

98, 444

7.803

106

3.025

413
40, 642

53- 249

1.378

144
8,841

585
40, 187

461

1.775

846

854, 506

I, 118,054
20, 376

I, 138,430

The imports from Salvador with the United States for the year
ending June 30, 1893, were :

Dollars.

Goods free of duty , i, 355, 674

Goods dutiable - 56

Total 1.355.730

SALVADOR. 57

There has been a general complaint throughout all the countries
of Central and South America as to carelessness in packing goods
in the United States. The following report of Vice -Consul
Dawson shows clearly the necessity for careful attention on that
point and explains the rough handling to which merchandise is
subjected in Salvador.

UNLOADING AND LANDING.

The more or less bad condition in which goods reach this country is largely
due to the usage to which packages are subjected on landing at the ports and
during their transportation from the ports to the interior. The knowledge,
then, of the facts concerning the landing and transportation difficulties in Salvador
is bound to be a sure guide to manufacturers and exporters intending to pack
goods destined for this country.

In the first place, goods are hoisted from the holds of vessels in a rough and
careless manner and thrown down into lighters or big open launches, where they
are as roughly put in order, with utter disregard to the size or resistance of frail
packages on which heavy ones are piled, to the detriment of their contents.

Once loaded, the lighters are rowed a distance of from half a mile to 2 miles
(at Acajutla and La Libertad) to the wharf, where the goods are again hoisted
some 30 or 40 feet from the launches to the pier in a somewhat similar fashion
to that observed in unloadmg them from the steamers. From the head of the
pier the cargo is once more moved, placed on small platform cars, pushed some
400 feet over rails by hand at La^ Libertad, and drawn by oxen at Acajutla to
the custom-house, where warehouses are provided pending the registering of
merchandise.

At La Union the process just described varies a little with regard to the pier.
There the lighters, which are long and narrow Indian canoes or "bougos," as
they are called, are supposed to reach the land directly from the steamers; but,
as the water is too shallow for their draft, ox carts are driven up to the axles
into the muddy water, and the bales, cases, barrels, etc., are brought to them
from the boats on the shoulders of cartmen and boatmen who wade waist deep
from 10 to 25 yards. The carts, once loaded, are driven some 60 yards to the
custom-house, where the goods are thrown out and stowed pending registration.

EN ROUTE TO THE INTERIOR.

At Acajutla the cargo is taken from the warehouse on board the cars of the
Acajutla Railroad to Sonsonate, or to the terminus at La Ceiba. Goods are
supposed to suffer a great deal less from rough handling by this route than on

58 SALVADOR.

the way from La Libertad or La Uni6n to the interior. The transportation
from Sonsonate and other railway stations to the western departments of Sal-
vador and from the two seaports mentioned above to the inland towns is done
by means of carts. These are two-wheeled vehicles drawn by oxen. Their
construction is primitive and strong. Their axles are made of wood, and the
body of the cart sits directly on the axle, without any springs. The length of
the carts is generally 9 feet and the breath 3^ feet. In the dry season, when
the roads are supposed to be in good condition, they carry as much as 7 "cargas"
of 12 "arrobas" each (2,100 pounds). This load is reduced to 1,000 and even
to 800 pounds in rainy weather, when the roads are next to impassable. One
hundred and twenty-five cubic feet of bulky and light cargoes can be transported
in one of these carts.

The roads in Salvador are, as a rule, very bad. They are not macadamized,
and can be described as simple cuts on the hillsides of sufficient width to allow
two carts to pass each other. Whenever traffic or a rain storm wears holes or
ditches in the roadbed, bundles of twigs or brush and loose earth brought from
the nearest cut on the roadside and placed therein are deemed enough by the
municipal officials to remedy the imperfection ; the consequence is that the high-
ways are always in poor condition. To this it may be added that bridges are
extremely rare; that the ground is generally soft, easily cut by the rain, and
frequently muddy; that no regard has been taken for the grading of the ways,
which go almost straight uphill and down to the bottom of the valleys ; and,
lastly, that the rainfall in the wet season is frequent and heavy.

Whenever an axle breaks, which is a very common occurrence, or whenever,
as more usually happens, a cart gets stuck in a mudhole, out of which the oxen —
small, ill fed, lean, and weak beasts — can not pull it, the custom on the road
from La Union to San Miguel is to unload the cargo and to carry it on the
shoulders of the cartmen beyond the difficult pass in order to draw the empty
vehicle to a safe place, where they load again, only to repeat the sticking and
unloading process some 2 or 3 miles ahead. On La Libertad road a whole
train of carts stops at such times and unite the strength of 10 or 12 couples
of oxen to draw the " stuck cart " over the bad piece of road. Then they move
away, leaving others to meet their fate, without ever giving a thought to mend-
ing the ditch or hole that detained them. In this way they manage to make
the distance of 36 miles from La Libertad to San Salvador or from La Uni6n
to San Miguel in from three to eight days.

The price for carting every " carga " of 300 pounds a distance of 36 or 40
miles varies from 95 cents to $4.50, according to the season of the year. Goods
are carted in the same manner from Sonsonate to Santa Ana, and from the rail-
way terminus at La Ceiba to Santa Tecla and San Salvador.

SALVADOR. 59

Once at Santa Ana or at San Miguel, a new kind of handling begins for pack-
ages destined to go further into the interior. This consists in pack mules that
carry from 200 to 250 pounds, and which differ very little from those used on
the Rocky Mountains.

OUTSIDE PACKAGES.

From what has been said, it is only natural to suggest that goods should be
tightly packed in as small cases, bales, barrels, or packages as possible — no larger
than 36 by 20 by 18 inches, and weighing not more than 80 or 100 pounds.

Cases containing goods should be made of strong three-quarter inch boards,
capable of standing more rough handling than any that can be even imagined in
the United States, for in this country the mere movement of a cart on a rela-
tively smooth road is enough to shake almost any kind of a box to pieces and to
ruin the contents if not firmly packed and well protected with sawdust, hay, or
other appropriate packing stuff. This should especially be borne in mind when ^
packing bottled wines, liquors, and other liquids, which, by the way, are fre-
quently rifled in a strange and very effective manner. The cartmen willfully
strike the bottom of a whole case of wine or brandy against a rock until the
board gets broken and with it one or more bottles. The liquid then pouring
out through the box or package is collected and drunk. This is reported and
charged to the broken case from which no bottle has been extracted.

Against heavy packing, however, there is the drawback of customs duties
charged on the box, keg, barrel, etc., according to the actual tariff. Merchants
generally sell the cases or packing of merchandise for more than the equivalent
of the duties paid on. them. The question then is, does it suit them better to
pay small duties on a light case and run the risk of heavy losses by breakage and
robbery or to pay more duties on strong boxing, with a prospective guaranty
against either loss ? The latter is generally accepted as preferable.

The actual system of packing bales of dry goods is good enough, but the
weight per package ought to be diminished by putting fewer pieces of cloth in
each.

The fact of packages not being waterproof increases the freight rates about
15 per cent from the ports to the interior during the rainy season.

Casks containing wines or other liquids should be protected by a thick, coarse
mat, covering at least the central or widest diameter of the same.

Petroleum, naphtha, cotton-seed oil, and similar articles should be packed in
cans of thicker tin, and the soldering should be more carefully executed, for they
suffer a great deal in transit, and the leakage, of the first especially, often amounts
to 40 per cent of the whole invoice.

6o SALVADOR.

All wooden cases and boxes should have, when possible, iron bands on the
edges, and some device ought to be invented by which the ends of those bands
may be locked and unlocked in some way as a precaution against stealing the
contents by boatmen, cartmen, and porters, particularly when high-priced
goods are packed in them. Custom-house officials open all packages to register
their contents and deliver them opened to the owners or their agents, who shut
them hastily as best they can and turn them over half closed to the cartmen
to be taken to the interior in the manner already described.

Machinery destined for this country should be made in as small pieces as
practicable. The road from La Union to San Miguel is strewn with heavy
pieces- of mining machinery, big iron shafts, blocks of granite and marble for
Snonuments, etc., which have never reached their destination. At this date
there is actually a boiler at the foot of the pier at Acajutla under 12 feet of
water, which broke the chains with which they were hoisting it from the lighter.
It is sunk, probably never to be recovered.

In conclusion, our merchants should remember that English is not spoken in
Salvador, and that the labels "Handle with care," "This side up," "Use no
hooks," etc., on packages should be written or printed in Spanish if they are to
be read here.

In April, 1893, a decree of Congress was published reestablishing
consular invoices, which must now accompany all shipments of
goods to Salvador. As the details are important to shippers, a full
translation is given, as follows:

The National Assembly of the Republic of Salvador: Whereas it is expedient
to reestablish consular invoices, in order to more effectively prevent the entry
of foreign goods in contraband, to more clearly justify their real origin, and to
augment the receipts of the consular service of the Republic, has decreed:

Article 1. Whosoever ships articles of commerce, even duty-free goods, from
abroad into the Republic must, for every shipment to a consignee, make an invoice
in triplicate copy.

These invoices must be written in the Spanish language or in the language
of the country of origin, and give the following details :

1. The indication of the quantity of bales, cases, barrels, bundles, or any
other package containing goods.

2. The marks and number of each package and its gross weight, with the
exception of machinery, iron, or wood, which can, even when composed of various
packages, be entered in the invoice with the total price of each shipment.

3. The denomination and kind of goods.

SALVADOR. 61

4, The value of the goods in legal currency of the Republic, in the currency
of the country of origin, or in the currency with which the goods were pur-
chased.

Art. 2. The shippers of goods must present the three copies of the invoice
to be viseed to the consul, vice-consul, or consular agent of the Republic resid-
ing at the place of origin or at the port from whence the goods are to be shipped.
In localities where no agent of Salvador exists these documents must be legalized
by a ccfnsul of a friendly country or of a country with which the Republic is not
at war. In default of these agents the legalization must be made by the cham-
ber of commerce, if it should not refuse to do so, and, finally, by two merchants
of the locality.

Art. 3. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents must exact from shippers
of goods that the triplicate invoices conform to the prescriptions of the present
law; they can tolerate neither interlineations, erasures, corrections, nor cancel-
ings, and may not authenticate the invoices until after comparison.

Art. 4. When the authentication emanates from agents ot the Republic it
shall be inscribed at the foot of each copy and in the following form: "I certify
that the above invoice, presented by (indicate the name of the shipper) composed
of (indicate, in letters, the number of sheets) is relative to (number) of packages,
of a total weight and of a total value of (state total weight and value in letters)."
The seal of the consulate must be affixed at the end of each certificate and on
each sheet of the invoice, otherwise they shall be null.

Art. 5. When the legalization is made by a foreign consular agent, it shall be
valid when drawn up conformably to his administrative form and when made
by a chamber of commerce or by merchants it shall be valid when drawn up
conformably to the regulations of the country of origin, or of any other country,
provided that the number of sheets and the quantity of the packages be sufficiently
certified.

Art. 6. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents of Salvador must keep two
of the three copies of the invoices in their possession, and must give receipt
therefor to the interested party. They shall remit to the latter the third copy
in order that the consignee may, at the port of destination, annex the same to
the bills of lading.

One of the copies retained by the consuls must be transmitted to the admin-
istrator of the maritime custom house at the place of destination and, when pos-
sible, by the same vessel carrying the goods, and the other must be sent by them,
by the next mail, to the direction general of the treasury. These two copies
must be sent under sealed envelopes.

When the legalization was not made by a consular agent of the Republic the

62 SALVADOR.

copies of the invoice to be transmitted to the customs and to the direction gen-
eral of the treasury, as above described, must be sent by the interested party.

Art. 7. A register shall be kept in every consular office of the Republic in
which an extract of the authenticated invoices must be entered, and an abstract
of this register must be transmitted half-yearly to the minister of finance.

Art. 8. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents shall collect a fee of 2 pesos
50 centavos for the authentication of each series of invoices; this fee they must
share with the consul-general of the Republic accredited to the country of their
residence.

Art. 9. Invoices for samples and those the amount of which does not exceed
100 pesos shall be exempt from the consular fee, provided, however, that the
ium has not been apportioned among various invoices in order to reduce the total
amount.

Art. 10. The customs of the Republic can not effect the verification of goods
when the consignee has not produced the consular invoice.

Should the consular invoice which the consignee must produce miscarry or be
delayed, the examination of the goods may, nevertheless, be effected with the
control of the copy received by the customs, or in default of the latter, by the
one transmitted to the direction general of the treasury.

Art. 11. If for plausible reasons neither of the two documents above alluded
to can be furnished, the verification may likewise be effected by furnishing, instead
of the invoice, a written declaration giving the details of the goods, and pro-
vided that a bond be given guaranteeing the presentation of an invoice in good
and due form within a short delay.

No bond shall be exacted for invoices not exceeding 100 pesos in amount.

The immediate verification may likewise be effected when the owner of goods,
requiring them absolutely, is not in possession of the required documents or when
it is impossible for him to make the detailed declaration alluded to in the pre-
ceding paragraph. In such case the verification must be effected by all of the
"contadoreo-vistas " and the administrator of customs.

Art. 12. Should part of the packages declared in an invoice not be found at
arrival, owing to an omission at the time of shipment, such packages may be
declared afterwards by furnishing a duly legalized copy or an extract of the
original invoice.

Art. 13. The administrator of customs who permits the verification of goods
by neglecting the observance of the formalities prescribed by the present law shall,
for every case, incur a fine of 100 pesos.

Art. 14. The prescriptions of the present law relative to consuls, vice-consuls,
and consular agents shall likewise be applicable to consuls-general.

SALVADOR. 63

Art, 15. The present decree shall enter into force three months after its pro-
mulgation for goods imported via Panama or proceeding from the Pacific coast,
and six months after, for goods imported via the Strait of Magellan.
Given in the Legislative Palace, San Salvador, April 7, 1893.

Antonio J. Castro,

Le President.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

The metric system of weights and measures was estabHshed in
Salvador by decree dated 1st of January, 1886, but it has been
found very difficult to induce the people to recognize the change,
and with few and rare exceptions the old weights and measures
continue in general use. They are as follows :

Salvador. United States.

Libra = i. 0127 pounds.

Arroba = 25. 3175 pounds.

Quintal =101. 2700 pounds.

Cantara = 4 cuartillas = 4. 2631 gallons.

Botella =^ o. 766 quart.

Fanega = 4 cuartillas =: 1.5745 bushels.

The vara, which is the standard measure of length, -was fixed by
decree of 14th of February, 1865, at .836 meter or 2^ feet, and
the manzana of land as 100 varas square =: 1.726 acres. In com-
merce there are certain denominations in current use, such as the
serron of indigo =: 150 libras; that of tobacco z= 125 libras, and
a carga, or load for a mule = 8 arrobas.

UNITED STATES CONSULS IN SALVADOR.

San Salvador Alexander L. Pollock Consul.

San Salvador Guillermo J. Dawson Vice-consul.

Acajutla Andrew A. Oliver Consular agent.

La Libertad Emilio Courtade Consular agent.

La Union John B. Courtade Consular agent.

Santa Ana H. M. Klein Acting agent.

CONSULS OF SALVADOR IN THE UNITED STATES.

New York Samuel Bo3^d Consul-general.

New York Ernesto Schernikow. Vice-consul.

Boston J. C. Blume y Corbacho Consul.

San Francisco Carlos F. Irigoyen . . . .' Consul.

San Diego Herman Welisch Consul.

Chapter X.

MONEY, BANKING, AND REVENUE.

The monetary unit has until recently been the silver dollar,
which was divided into —

2 Tostones = 50 cents

4 Pesetas '^ 25 cents

8 Reales = i2]4. cents

16 Medios ^ 6^ cents

32 Cuartillos = 3}i cents

Divided also as a money of account into loo centavos, or cents.
In small transactions, particularly in the markets, it has been cus-
toniary to divide the cuartillo into 2 raciones= i^ cents, and the
racion into 2 medias of three-quarters cent.

In the scarcity of national coins, gold and silver of different
countries has been in circulation, particularly those of Guatemala,
Honduras, Costa Rica, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia,
Mexico, United States, France, and England, also some German
gold coins. Custom has determined the value placed on these
foreign moneys, except in the case of those whose equivalent has
been so well known as to be invariable.

The peso was reputed as equal to 5 francs, French; 5 liras,
Italian; 5 pesetas, Spanish; 4 shillings, English; 4 marcs, German;
and 1 dollar. United States.

The decimal system was adopted by law February 17, 1883,
and made obligatory on January 1, 1886, but the people continue
to make use of the old Spanish coins and methods of reckoning.
The most effective step for the establishment of a national coinage

SALVADOR. 65

was the making of a contract by the Government with an English
company, organized under the name of the Central- American
Mint, Limited, in accordance with which the said company has
built and equipped a mint which is perfect in all respects, and
possesses some of the finest machinery in the world. It was for-
mally inaugurated with great ceremony by the President of the
Republic on the 28th of August, 1892. Salvador is naturally
proud of the institution, as it will fill a long-felt want by providing
it with a national coinage which will be a boon to commerce and
the country generally. Immediately following the opening of the
mint, the Government took another important step and established
a gold standard. This is a matter of such importance to the
country, and will have such a far-reaching effect on commerce,
that a literal translation of the law and the decree making pro-
vision for carrying it into effect is given, as follows :

Provisions of the Bill on Monetary Reform introduced on September 13,
18.92, IN THE Congress of Salvador by the Minister of the Treasury
AND Public Credit, passed September 30, 1892.

1. Gold shall be the standard. There will be a gold coin called peso, which
shall weigh 1.612903 grams, and will be the unit. The multiples and submul-
tiples of the peso shall be according to the decimal system.

2. Coins, inferior and subsidiary, shall be silver and copper or nickel, in the
following proportions —

Silver: 25 grams of silver for one gold peso.
Copper or nickel: 1.333333 for one gold cent.

All the coins shall be national money, and shall be coined by the Government
and for its benefit.

3. The revenues as well as the expenses of the Government shall be estimated
in the new national gold coin, the value of the silver to be calculated according
to the rates it may reach at the time in the New York Exchange.

4. Until sufficient quantity of the national gold coin is in circulation in the
country, taxes and all debts due to the Government may be paid in the national
currency, or in foreign gold coin, or in silver coin admitted to circulation, but
in the latter case the value of the silver shall be fixed as above said, and an
additional charge of 5 per cent on the tax shall be made.

Bull. 58 5

66 SALVADOR.

Salaries and expenses of all kinds shall be paid by the Government in the
same way; but 70 per cent of the salaries and 60 per cent of all other expenses
shall be paid, unless ad interim, in either gold or silver national coin.

5. The value of silver fixed as above mentioned shall be published by the
Government, in the Official journal, on the 15th of each month. But during
the period of two months subsequent to the date in which this bill becomes a
law, 60 per cent shall be the legal rate.

During said period 70 per cent of all customs duties, and taxes on liquor,
shall be paid in gold, or its equivalent in silver at the said rate of 60 per cent.

6. Coins not gold shall be issued by the Government to the amount of
500,000 pesos, as follows:

125,000 pesos in silver pieces of 20, 10, and 5 cents each.
25,000 pesos in pieces of copper or nickel, from 1 to J cents each.

250,000 pesos in pieces of 100 cents each.

200,000 pesos in pieces of 50 cents each.

Coins of the value of one dollar and half a dollar may be represented by
gold certificates issued by some bank in the Republic, on its own responsibility,
redeemable at par on demand. The issue of these certificates shall be controlled
by the Government.

7. The fineness of the coin shall be 0.900. But subsidiary silver coins shall
continue to have the fineness of 0.835. "^^^ fineness of the pieces of copper
and nickel will be 1.875 ^^^ °-635, respectively.

8. Until a sufficient quantity of the new national gold coin is put in circula-
tion, foreign gold coins shall be a legal tender at the following rates :

American and Spanish gold at par ; English and Mexican, 97 per cent ; French,
96 per cent; German, 95 per cent.

9. The Government is given authority to make all necessary arrangements
with the mint to carry these provisions into effect.

10. The present law does not affect any transaction or contract of anterior
date.

11. All former laws in opposition to these provisions are repealed.

PROVISIONS TO CARRY THE LAW INTO EFFECT.

By executive decree of the Government of Salvador, issued on October 21,
1892, in pursuance of the law enacted on the 30th of September of the same
year, which is the one introduced on the 13th of the same month as a "Bill on
monetary reform," the following was ordered:

1. Gold coins of 10, 15, and 20 dollars shall be coined, with the weight,
fineness, etc., provided by the law aforesaid.

SALVADOR. 67

Silver auxiliary coins shall be of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cents.

Minor coins, inferior in value to 5 cents, shall be in circulation only to the

amount of $25,000, the coinage of which was entrusted to contractors by the

last administration.

2. As long as the new gold coins are not either coined in the country or imported
from abroad in sufficient^ quantity to properly meet the necessities of circulation
the Government shall grant authority to some of the banks now in existence to
issue notes from $1 to $100 each, payable in gold, which shall be a legal tender
at par, redeemable on presentation to the bank either with national gold coin or
with foreign gold coin, at the rates which shall be established by law, or with
a national silver coin at the rate of 170 silver dollars for 100 gold dollars.

The silver in this way obtained shall be shipped to such foreign places as may
afford more advantageius opportunities to sell it; and the proceeds of the sale
shall be invested in gold bullion, which in its turn shall be coined either abroad
or at Salvador.

3. Auxiliary gold coins shall be coined only to the amount of $1,000,000.
But gold coins inferior in value to 50 cents shall not exceed $500,000, These
coins will be used mainly for the purpose of withdrawing the present silver coins
from circulation. They will be exchanged for silver at the rate above fixed.

4. To facilitate the conversion of the silver coins now in circulation into gold
coins, the Government will make an allowance of 1 5 per cent on all payments
to be made in the custom-houses during six month subsequent to this decree,
when made in gold, provided, however, that the amount paid is not less than
$100.

5. The payment of all taxes and customs duties except the export duties on
coffee shall be paid in gold or in the notes above created, at 70 per cent on the
valuation or assessment, but during the first six months subsequent to the pro-
mulgation of this decree maybe paid also in silver at 75 per cent discount.

6. Drafts and bonds on the custom-houses shall continue to be received in
payment at their face value, as if they were silver coins.

7. During the same period of six months the Government will be authorized
to pay all its expenses in silver coins or in gold, or notes. After the six months
are elapsed the payments shall be in gold or its equivalent at the rate above
fixed.

8. The value of foreign gold coins in relation to the Salvadorean will be as
follows :

United States coins, 4 per cent premium; English, Spanish, or Mexican coins,
1 per cent premium; French coins and all gold coins of the Latin Union (Italy,
Belgium, Switzerland, and Greece) at par. German coins, 99 per cent, or l
per cent discount.

. 68 SALVADOR.

9. Nothing in this decree shall be construed as to effect the obligations and
contracts in existence.

10. One year after the promulgation of this decree all values shall be fixed
in gold.

Such a radical change as is brought about by this law could not
of course be carried out without some difficulty, and although the
Government has strenuously endeavored to enforce it, it has so far
been only partially successful and it will take some time to put it
in full operation.

BANKING.

The banks of Salvador are the International, founded in August,
1 8^0, with a capital of $ 1 ,800,000 (silver); the Occidental, founded
in the city of Santa Ana in 1889, with a capital of $1,000,000
(silver), which has also a branch in the city of San Salvador ; and
the Salvadorefio, founded in 1892, with a capital of $1,000,000
There is also the private bank of Messrs. B lanes & Trigueros,
founded in 1835, whose capital is estimated at $1,500,000. In
1893 ^^^ Bank of Nicaragua opened a branch office in the city of
San Salvador and is now doing business under the same conditions
as the other banks. These banks are all doing a good business
and are paying large dividends. It is also reported that certain
concessions and privileges have been granted by the Government
to the firm of Linares & Co., of Barcelona, Spain, for the estab-
lishment of a national bank in Salvador with a capital of
^1,000,000 sterling (gold). Concessions were also granted in
1892 for the establishment of a mortgage bank, but so far nothing
has been done toward carrying them into effect.

REVENUE AND PUBLIC DEBT.

. Previous to the year 1887 considerable confusion existed in the
financial affairs of the country, but on March 23 of that year a
decree was issued creating a commission for the purpose of classi-
fying and taking measures for the liquidation of the public debt.

SALVADOR. 69

The result was that in October, 1888, when the work was com-
pleted, the internal debt was found to amount to $6,670,736,36, in
addition to which there was a foreign debt of $1,000,000 which
had been incurred on account of railroad concessions.

Notwithstanding, great expenses incurred by the Government
during the internal troubles in 1890 and the war with Guatemala,
the internal debt had in 1891 been reduced to $5,496,400, and
on the 1st of January, 1893, it was stated at $3,614,000. The
foreign debt, which consists of a loan made in England, the pro-
ceeds of which were used in railroad investments, at the beginning
of 1892, amounted to $2,175,000, but on the 1st of January, 1893,
had been reduce^ to $1,954,012. The value of the bonds on the
London market had at the same period risen from 50 to 75 per
cent.

On the 13th of July, 1893, the Government published a project
for an internal loan of $ 1,000,000 silver, offering to pay a premium
of 10 per cent and interest at 12 per cent per annum, the bonds to
be redeemable by a new tax of 10 cents on each bottle of rum sold
in the country to the amount of one-half and the other half by
10 per cent of the customs duties.

Dollars.

Revenue for 1892 6,895,702.65

Expenditures ;

For various branches of the administration 4, 052, 073. 12

For reduction of debt, consolidated and floating,

and payment of interest 2, 732, 456. 30

6, 784, 529. 42

Surplus Ill, 173. 23

Chapter XL

TRANSPORTATION, TELEGRAPHS, AND MAILS.

Salvador has in operation a railroad extending from the seaport
of Acajutla to La Ceiba or Colon, 53 miles in length. It connects
the city of Sonsonate and the smaller towns of Armenia and Ateos
with Acajutla, and only 8 miles are wanting to reach Santa Tecla
(New San Salvador). The section between La Ceiba and Santa
Tecla, which is now being constructed, is the most difficult on the
whole line, on account of the character of the ground. The exca-
vation of three tunnels and an outlay of $400,000 will be necessary
to complete it to Santa Tecla, which will complete the connection
between the city of San Salvador and Acajutla, as there has been
for some time a horse railroad in operation between the capital and
Santa Tecla, which has now been changed to a steam railroad of
uniform gauge with the main line. The gauge of the road is 3
feet and the weight of the rails 40 pounds per yard. The rails
were imported from England, but the locomotives and rolling
stock are from the United States. The Government owns the
road, having purchased it from the builders for $1,460,000. The
receipts for the year 1892 amounted to $i9i,55'8.5o, and the
expenses to $138,876.14, leaving a net profit of $52,682.36. The
facilities for landing at Acajutla are not good, in consequence of
the smallness of the pier and wharf and the sTiallowness of the
water. It is the intention of the Government to extend the rail-
road about a mile westward, and will probably build a new pier

SALVADOR. 71

and wharf at Puerto Viejo, where there is deeper water. The
wharf charges for use of the piers at Acajutla and La Libertad are
as follows : '

Dollars.

Packages of merchandise of all kinds per quintal . . o. 34

Machiner}', lead, iron unmanufactured, steel, wheels, nails, tools, shovels, scales,

axes, tin plate, iron safes, and hardware of all kinds per quintal. . . 25;

Cacao, tea, matches, wax, paper, linseed oil, paints, sardines, earthenware, per-
fumery, drugs, salt, cheese, hams and other provisions, cement, tar, cordage,
barley, potatoes, corks, boilers, preserved provisions, and other small pack-
ages per quintal . . .30

Flour do 20

Liquors of all kinds, oil, Florida water, and bottled beer, in cases, per 12 bottles. . 10

Liquors of all kinds, in barrels do 08

Liquors of all kinds, in jugs or demijohns, oil, in similar packages or in tins,

per 12 bottles 20

Furniture of all kinds per quintal , . .50

Hats, of rush, felt, or straw do. ... i. 00

Pianos each . . 6. 00

Carriages :

Four wheels do. ... 12. 00

Two wheels do

Horses do

Fowls do

Passengers do

Baggage per quintal.. .25

Cattle each . . i. 00

Indigo per quintal. . . 40

Tobacco do 16

Balsam do 48

Hides do 25

Cotton do 25

Coffee do 15

Sugar :

Brown do 08

White do 12

Rice, starch, corn, and beans do 06

Rebozos (scarfs) do. . . . i. 00

Mats and hats of palm leaf, and sarsaparilla do . . t .50

Cigars do. ... .50

India rubber do 20

Water, ballast, and timber do 06

Dyewoods do 06

Wood for building do 06

Coin per cent. . f

Gold and silver bullion do. ... i

8.00

5- 00

I. 00

•50

72 SALVADOR.

Other articles, not mentioned, shall be classed with those to
which they are most similar.

A railroad is in course of construction, which will extend fi-om
Ateos, where it connects with the Acajutla road, to the city of
Santa Ana, a distance of about 39 miles, of which 13 miles has
been completed, and the rails laid, leaving 26 miles upon which-
work is steadily progressing. The Government is building this
road and devotes to its construction a tax of 25 cents on each
package, bale, or case of goods imported through the ports of
Acajutla, La Libertad, and La Union. This tax produces about
$30,000 per month. The gauge of the road and the weight of
the rails are similar to those of the Acajutla railroad.

Congress has recently granted a concession to build a tramway,
6 miles in length, between the cities of Sonsonate and Izalco. It
has also granted a concession to M. Armand Blanchard, a French
engineer, for the construction ot a wharf at the port of La Union
and a railway from thence to the city of San Miguel, a distance
of 36 miles. By its terms, the Government guarantees to M.
Blanchard, for forty-five years, 6 per cent interest on the cost of
the wharf and railroad, estimated at the rate of $40,000, gold,
per mile ; after ninety-nine years, the Government to become the
owner of the wharf and road ; the rolling stock to be purchased
according to mutual valuation. M. Blanchard can extend the
road from San Miguel to San Salvador, if he chooses, the gauge
of the road and weight of the rails to be similar to the Acajutla
line. As M. Blanchard has also a concession from the Govern-
ment of Honduras to build a railroad from Ampala to Teguci-
galpa, the Congress of Salvador grants him the privilege of con-
nepting the Salvador and Honduras lines by a branch to be built
along the shore of the bay of La Union.

A concession has also been granted for the construction of a
railroad from the port of La Libertad to San Salvador.

There are four steamship lines running regularly to the ports

SALVADOR.

of Salvador, The Pacific Mail Steamship Company, The Kosmos,
The Otis, and The North American Steamship Company. The
Pacific Mail Company formerly received a subsidy of $24,000
per annum, but by a recent contract that is reduced to $20,000,
the company securing a reduction in the number of persons having
a right to free passage. The passenger tariff from La Union to
New York is now placed at $1 10, and from other ports $1 15, and
to San Francisco $75 from any of the ports. Under this contract
the steamers are to touch at the port of El Triumfo. To induce
immigration, the Government offers to refund one-half of the pas-
sage money to all immigrants presenting a printed or written con-
tract with the Governrnxcnt or its agents, or a certificate of a consul
of Salvador in which they agree to settle in the country. The
Kosmos and Otis lines each receive from the Government $4,800
per annum for carrying the mails. The contract with the North
American Steamship Company of San Francisco grants exemp-
tion from all port charges and taxes on their vessels touching at
Salvadorean ports, in consideration of the said company carrying
the mails without remuneration.

The port charges at all the ports of Salvador are : Entry, $5 to
$15; tonnage, 15 cents per ton.

TELEGRAPHS.

Within the past two years a considerable extension has taken
place in the telegraph system; old lines have been thoroughly
repaired and new ones constructed. During the year 1892, 108
miles of wire have been added and 15 new offices established.
The existing lines, as reported in June, 1893, aggregate 2,421
miles. There were also on that date 321 miles of telephone lines.
Comm.unication with the telegraph systems of the world is had by
connection with the submarine cable at La Libertad. The net rev-
enue derived from these sources in 1892, after payment of expenses,
amounted to $375534-76, showing an increase of $ 1 2,878.32 over
ihe preceding year.

74 SALVADOR.

MAILS.

The Post-office Department is perfectly organized and is in
excellent condition. Salvador entered the Universal Postal Union
in 1879. In 1891 the mails carried 1,654,341 pieces, and in 1892
the number increased to 1,781,589 pieces. On the 1st of July,
1893, a convention went into operation which had been concluded
between the United States and Salvador for the establishment of
a postal money-order system between the two countries. A parcels
post convention had previously been negotiated and concluded
with the United States in June, 1889. ^^ ^^^^ contains many
regulations, the knowledge of which will be useful to shippers, it
is given in full in Appendix C.

Appendix A.

POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR, i8»6.

Title I. — The Nation and the Form of Its Government.

Article, i. The Salvadorian Nation is sovereien and independent and can
never be the patrimony ot any family or person.

The sovereignty is inalienable and cannot be lost by time. It is limited to
what is honest, just, and useful to society. It is vested in the whole body of
the Salvadorian people, ana no section of the country or group of individuals"
can attribute it to themselves.

Art. 2. All public power emanates from the people. The functionaries of
the State are delegates of the people and have no more powers than those
expressly given to them by law. It is by law that they legislate, exercise execu-
tive functions, and act judicially; it is through it that obedience and respect is
due to them ; and it is in accordance with its principles that they must give an
account for their actions.

Art. 3. The territory of Salvador has for its limits the following: On the
east, the Gulf of Fonseca ; on the north, the Republics of Guatemala and Hon-
duras ; on the west, the River Paz ; and on the south, the Pacific Ocean. The
special demarcation of the boundary lines shall be made by law.

Art. 4. The Government of the Salvadorian Nation is republican, demo-
cratic, representative, and alternative. It is vested in three different powers
independent ot each other, which shall be known as Legislative, Executive, and
Judicial. f

Title II. — Rights and Guaranties.

Art. 5. No hereditary offices or privileges are recognized in the Republic.

All property is transferable in the manner and form prescribed by the laws,
and therefore all kinds of entailments or mortmain are prohibited.

Art. 6. No taxes shall be levied unless by virtue of a law and for the public
service.

SALVADOR.

Art. 7. All persons exercising any public office are directly and immediately
responsible for the acts done by them in the exercise of their functions. The
law shall fix the manner and form of enforcing this responsibility.

Art. 8. Salvador recognizes that there are lights and duties anterior and
superior to the positive laws, having liberty, equality, and fraternity as princi-
ples, and family, labor, property, and public order as basis.

Art. 9. All the inhabitants of Salvador have an indisputable right to preserve
and defend their life, liberty, and property, and to dispose freely of their prop-
erty in conformity with the law.

Art. 10. Every man in the Republic is free. No one who enters its territory
can be a slave, nor can any one dealing in slaves be a Salvadorian citizen.

Art, 11. The Republic is a sacred asylum for all foreigners who may be
willing to reside in its territory, unless when accused of common offenses and
claimed by some nation in compliance with treaties in which extradition has
been provided for. The extradition can not be allowed in any case against the
natives of the country, nor in the case of foreigners for political offenses, even
if a common crime has resulted from such offense.

Art. 12. The free exercise of all religions, without any other restriction than
morals or public order, is guarantied. No religious act shall serve to establish
the civil status of a person.

Ari. 13. All persons have the right to stay in whatever place they may deem
advisable, to travel freely, to emigrate from the country, and to return to it
without a passport, except in case of a final judicial sentence and without preju-
dice to the provisions made in Article 28 of this Constitution.

Art. 14. The inhabitants of Salvador can meet and associate with each other
peacefully, and without arms, for any lawful purpose.

Art. 15; No person can be compelled to do work or render personal service
without just compensation and without his full consent, except in those cases
of public necessity or utility. The law cannot authorize any act or contract
having for its object the loss or the irrevocable sacrifice of human liberty, whether
for labor purposes, ediilation, or religious vows. Neither can it authorize agree-
ments by which a man covenants his own proscription or exile.

Art. )6. Every person has the right to address petitions to the lawfully con-
stituted authorities, provided that they are made in a decorous manner; also to
have a decision made on the said petitions and to be informed of the action
taken on the same.

Art. 17. No person who has the free disposition or management of his prop-
erty can be deprived, of the right to terminate his civil contentions by compro-
mise or arbitration. As to those persons who have not the said free disposition

SALVADOR, yy

and manageinetit of their property, the law shall fix the cases and requisites in
which said compromise and arbitration can be resorted to.

Art. i8. Confiscation of property, whether as a penalty or in any other
character, is forbidden. The authorities who may violate this provision shall
answer at all times with their persons and property for the damages done. Con-
fiscated property can not be acquired by adverse possession.

Art. 19. The penalty of death shall not be applied except for very grave
crimes, purely military, committed on the field, and designated by the military
code; and also for the crimes of parricide, murder, arson, or larceny, if death
supervenes.

Penalties for life, flogging, and all kinds of torture are forbidden.

Art. 20. No person can be deprived of his life, liberty, or property without
being previously given a hearing and sentence in proper form, agreeable to law ;
nor can anyone be subject to trial, civilly or criminally, \twice for the same
cause.

Art. 21. The searching ot the person can never be made, except for the pur-
pose of preventing any offense from being committed, or in the course of an
investigation.

The domicile is inviolable and the invasion of it cannot be decreed unless for
the purpose of investigating the circumstances and authors of criminal offenses,
or in prosecution of the offenders, but this shall be done in the manner and form,
and in the cases provided by law.

Art. 22. No person shall be tried in any other jurisdiction than that in which
the offense was committed, except in the cases provided by law, or in those in
which the courts are authorized by law to designate some other jurisdiction.

Art. 23. All men are equal before the law.

Art. 24. The laws can not have any retroactive effect, except in criminal
matters, and in case that the new law is favorable to the offender.

Art. 25. No person can be tried except under laws passed previous to the
commission of the offense, or by any court which has been previously estab-
lished by the same law.

Art. 26. The same judge can not take cognizance of ^he same case in differ-
ent instances.

Art. 27. No power or authority can ever assume jurisdiction over judicial
cases still pending, neither can they reopen decided cases.

Art. 28. Neither the Executive Power, nor the Judicial, nor any other author-
ity whatever can issue orders of detention or imprisonment unless it is in con-
formity with the law. Such orders shall always be in writing, except in criminal
matters, when the offender is caught in the act, in which case he can be detained
by any person to be immediately delivered to the respective authorities. The

SALVADOR.

detention for the purpose of investigation shall not last longer than 48 hours,
and the investigating judge is bound within said period either to decree the
release of the detained person, or his provisional arrest.

Art. 29. Every man can freely express, write, print, and publish his thoughts
without previous examination , censorship, or bonds; but shall be responsible
before the jury for any offense committed in that way.

Art. 30. Correspondence by letter and telegraph is inviolable. Correspon-
dence shall never be intercepted, nor can it be used as evidence in any kind of
investigation.

Art. 31. Property of whatever nature is inviolable. No person can be
deprived of his property except for public use fully demonstrated, and upon
previous indemnification. When the condemnation of the property is due to
necessities of war the indemnification can not be previous.

Art. 32. No permanent corporati-on, whether civil or ecclesiastic, whatever
its character, denomination, or purpose may be, shall have legal capacity to
hold real estate or manage it for its own use, except only when the property is
destined immediately and directly to the service and purpose of the institution.

Art. 33. Teaching is free. Primary instruction is compulsory. The instruc-
tion given in the establishments supported by the State shall be laical and gratu-
itous, and shall be subject to the proper regulations.

Art. 34. All industries are free, and no monopoly to the profit of the Nation
under the management of the Executive shall be established, except on brandies,
saltpetre, and gunpowder. There will be no monopoly, or prohibition of any
kind, under cover of protection to industry; but matters relative to the coining
of money and the privileges granted for limited times, according to law, to inven-
tors or authors of improvements in any industry, shall be excepted.

Art. 35. The right of association is guaranteed, but the establishment of con-
ventual congregation and all kinds of monastic institutions is forbidden.

Art. 36. The right of insurrection shall produce in no case the abrogation
of the lavvs, and its effects shall be confined to removing, as far as necessary, the
personnel of the Goveaament and appointing pro tempore the new persons who
must fill the places until the appointments are made in the regular form estab-
lished by the Constitution.

Art. 37. Every person has the right to_ ask and obtain protection (amparo)
from the Supreme Court of Justice or- the Chamber of Second Instance, when-
ever any authority or private individual restricts his personal liberty or the
exercise of any individual rights guaranteed by the present Constitution. A
special law shall regulate the manner and form of exercising this right.

Art. 38. No one of the powers created by the present Constitution shall
have authority to conclude or approve treaties or conventions by which the form

SALVADOR. 79

of government herein provided shall be in any way altered, or by which the
integrity of the territory or the national sovereignty shall be abridged ; this to
be understood without prejudice to the provisions made in article 151 of the
present Constitution.

Art. 39. Neither the Legislative nor the Executive power, nor any tribunal,
authority, or person whatever shall have authority to abridge, alter, or violate
the constitutional guaranties without becoming thereby liable to respond in the
manner and form established by law. A law concerning a state of siege shall
determine the guaranties which can be suspended and the cases in which the
suspension can take place.

Art. 40. The rights and guaranties enumerated in the present Constitution
shall never be construed as a denial or refusal of other rights and guaranties not
enumerated, but depending upon the principle of the sovereignty of the people
and the republican form of government.

Title III. — Salvadorians.

Art. 41. Salvadorians are such either by birth gr by naturalization.
Art. 42. The following persons are Salvadorians by birth :

1. Those born in the territory of Salvador, except the children of aliens not
naturalized.

2. The legitimate children of an alien man and a Salvadorian woman born in
the territory of Salvador, if within a year subsequent to the date in which they
reach majority they fail to declare before the respective governor that they
choose the nationality of their father; the legitimate children of a Salvadorian
man and an alien woman, and the illegitimate children of a Salvadorian woman
and an alien if they have been born in Salvador.

3. The legitimate children of a Salvadorian man and the illegitimate of a
Salvadorian woman, when born in a foreign country and not naturalized in it.«

4. The descendants of children of aliens, or of an alien and a Salvadorian
woman, if born in Salvador.

Art. 43. Salvadorians by naturalization are those who, in accordance with
the laws up to the present time enforced, have already acquired this quality,
and those who in the future shall obtain the same according to the following
rules : .

1. The Hispano- Americans who obtain letters of naturalization from the
respective departmental governor, but said governor shall grant these letters
only upon evidence of good behavior on the part of the applicant.

2. Aliens who apply for naturalization to the same authority and obtain it
from him by proving good behavior and two years of residence in Salvador.

3. All persons who obtain naturalization papers from the legislative body.

8o SALVADOR.

4. All persons who have acquired naturalization pursuant to article 48 of
the present Constitution.

Art. 44. All Central Americans who declare before the respective governor
their desire to be Salvadorians shall be considered naturalized citizens of Salvador.

Title IV. — Aliens.

Art. 45. Aliens are strictly bound from the moment of their arrival in the
territory of the Republic to respect the authorities and comply with the laws;
and they also acquire at the same time the right to be protected.

Art. 46. Neither Salvadorians nor aliens shall be entitled in any case to claim
from the Government indemnity of any kind for damages and injuries done to
their persons or property by factions, but their rights are left free to claim against
the guilty officials or private persons.

Art. 47. Aliens can acquire all kinds of property, but their property shall not
be exempted from the ordinary or extraordinary burden which may be estab-
lished by law upon the property of Salvadorians.

Art. 48. An alien by the fact of his accepting a public office with salary,
unless it is in the militia or in a branch of public instruction, abandons his
nationality and becomes naturalized in Salvador.

Art. 49. No international compact shall be entered into by which the provi-
sions of the present title are in any way modified.

Art. 50. Aliens shall be subject to a special law, to be enacted hereafter.

Title V. — Citizenship.

Art. 51. All Salvadorians over 18 years of age and those who have not
reached that age but are married, or who have obtained some literary degree,
are citizens.

Art. 52. The rights of citizenship are suspended:

1. By an order of arrest in criminal proceedings where no bail can be admitted.

2. By notorious bad behavior.

3. By mental derangement.

4. By judicial injunctions.

5. By the refusal to fulfill, without sufficient and just cause, a position of pop-
ular election. The suspension in this tase shall continue during the whole
period the said position ought to have been filled.

6. By judicial sentence which so orders.
Art. 53.. The rights of citizenship are lost:

1. By convicts sentenced to suffer a penalty which carries with it the loss of
citizenship.

SALVADOR.

2. By those who have been convicted and sentenced for a grave offense.

3. By those who have become naturalized in a foreign country.

4. By those who, while residing in the Republic, accept offices from other
nations without permission of the Legislative Power.

5. By those who sell their vote in the elections.

6. By those who, subscribing to acts or proclamations, or through other direct
means, promote or assist in the reelection of the President of the Republic.

7. By the functionaries who, while exercising public authority, civil or mili-
tary, restrict the liberty of suff"rage.

TiTi^ VI. — The Legislative Power.

Art. 54. The Legislative Power is vested in a body called the National
Assembly of Deputies.

Art. 55. The Legislative body shall meet regularly, without the necessity of
being called for that purpose, in the capital of the Republic, between the first
and fifteenth of February of each year, but it shall meet in extra session when-
ever called to that effect by the Executive Power, with the advice of the
Council of Ministers. The Assembly may hold its sessions in any other place
whenever it may so resolve.

Art. 56. The number of its ordinary sessions shall not exceed forty, and the /%
number of extraordinary ones shall be such as may be required to dispose of the
subjects within its jurisdiction submitted to it by the Executive.

Art. 57. Three representatives assembled in a preparatory committee have
the power to take immediately all the steps necessary to secure the full attend-
ance of the other members of the Assembly.

Art. 58. A majority of the members of the Assembly shall be sufficient to
deliberate, but no decision can be reached when less than two-thirds of the
members are present, if two-thirds of the present ones do not consent to it.

Art. 59. The members of the Assembly shall be renewed every year, but .^v
they can be reelected.

Art. 60. No Deputy shall be elected who is not over twenty-five years of ■
age, a Salvadorian citizen, a man of recognized honesty and instruction, whose
rights of citizenship have not been lost during the period of five years previous
to the election, and a native or resident of the department which elects him.

Art. 61. No contractor of public works or services of any class paid or sup-
ported out of funds of the Government, and no person who has any personal
interest claim arising out of said contracts, can be elected Deputy. Nor can the
official salaried employes appointed by the Executive be elected deputies until
the expiration of six months to be counted from the day their position was
vacated.

BulL 58 6

82 SALVAVOR.

/\ Art. 62. Alternate deputies require the same qualifications as the regular ones.

Art. 63. Deputies cannot be appointed for any office during the time of their
term of service, except in case they are called to form part of the cabinet, or to
be diplomatic representatives of the country, or when the office has no salary.

Art. 64. The representatives of the Nation are inviolable. Consequently
no Deputy shall be held responsible at any time for his opinions expressed ver-
bally or in writing.

Art. 65. No civil proceeding of any kind shall be initiated or prosecuted
against the representatives of the Nation from the day of their election until the
expiration of 15 days to be counted from the adjournment of the Legislative
Power.

If any representative commits a grave oifense between the day of the election
and the day of adjournment, he shall be tried by the Assembly for the sole pur-
pose of expelling him if guilty, and submitting him then to the ordinary courts.

If the offense is not grave, but is a simple misdemeanor, committed during
the same period, the representative shall be tried by the competent court; but
he can ndt be detained or arrested or summoned to testify until after the adjourn-
ment.

If the offense committed by the representative is grave, but anterior to the
date of the election, the Assembly shall have the power, upon the proper inves-
tigation of the fact, to annul the election and submit the guilty party to the
competent courts.

If, during the time of the sessions, a representative is caught in the act of
committing a crime or offense, any private person or authority shall have the
power to detain him and place him, within 24 hours, at the disposal of the
Assembly.

Art. 66. The provisions of the two preceding articles are equally applicable
to the constitutional conventions.

Art. 67. The following corresponds to the National Assembly :

1. To be thd judge of the election of its own members, and accept or reject
their credentials.

2. To admit the resignations of their members made or tendered upon reasons
lawfully provided.

3. To enforce against them a proper responsibility in the cases provided for
by the present Constitution.

4. To call the altfernate deputies to replace the regular ones in case of death,
resignation, or inability of the latter.

5. To make rules for its interior government.

Art. 68. The following are the duties of the Legislative Power:

SALVADOR. 83

1. To open and close its sessions, and agree to the terms in which the message
of the President of the Republic is to be answered.

2. To open the envelopes containing the votes for President and Vice-Presi-
dent of the Republic, and to count the said votes by means of a committee of
its members.

3. To declare the election of the said functionaries upon the report of the
committee, said committee to be required to express also whether the persons
elected have or have not the qualifications required by law.

4. To give the President and Vice-President of the Republic possession of
iheir offices; to administer to them the constitutional oath of office; to take
cognizance of their resignation and to grant or refuse them leaves of absence.

5. To elect by popular vote the justices of the Supreme Court of Justice and
the comptrollers of the Treasury ; to administer to them the constitutional oath
of office, and to take cognizance of their resignation.

6. To receive and examine the report and documents to be submitted to it
by the Executive through the respective ministers, in pursuance of clause 25 of
the present article.

7. To designate three persons who shall exercise the Executive Power in the
cases established' by the present Constitution, provided that said persons shall
have the same qualifications as are required to be President of the Republic.
The designation herein spoken of may be made in favor of members of Congress.

8. To decide in cases of doubt, or in regard to information given to it about
the inability of the President or Vice-President of the Republic, and of the
election of officers of the same Assembly to fulfill their positions.

9. To enact, interpret, amend, and repeal secondary laws.

10. To establish territorial jurisdictions and place at the head thereof the
proper functionaries, who, in the name of the Republic, shall take cognizance
of all classes of cases and causes, civil or criminal, try them, and settle them by
sentence.

11. To define the powers and jurisdiction of the different functionaries.

12. To levy taxes and imposts on all classes of property and revenues, this to
be done in due proportion if the taxes or imposts are direct ; and in cases of invasion
or war legally declared, to decree forced loans in the same proportion,if the ordi-
nary public revenue is not sufficient, or if no voluntary loan can be obtained.

13. To authorize the Executive Power to contract voluntary loans, either at
home or abroad, when a grave and urgent necessity may demand it. The loans
contracted in compliance with this article shall be submitted to the approval of
the Legislative Power.

14. To make annually the proper appropriation to meet the expenses of the
Government; but the disbursement of the public revenue shall be made in such

84 SALVADOR.

a way as to give preference to public instruction, the administration of justice,
and to the police.

15. To grant, upon due examination of the services rendered, the rank of
lieutenant-colonel and others superior to it.

16. To fix the coat-of-arms and the flag of the Republic.

17. To establish the fineness, weight, and type of the national coin, and to
regulate the weights and measures.

18. To grant to persons or towns titles, honors, and rewards compatible with
the established system of government for great services rendered to the country. •

19. To fix, increase, or decrease the amount of the salaries to be paid to the
employees or functionaries, and to create and abolish offices. But the decrees
increasing the salaries of the Supreme, Legislative, and Executive Power shall not
go into effect until the next period.

20. To grant rewards or privileges for a certain time to the authors of useful
inventions, or to those who introduce in the country some industry of general
utility or who make improvements on the same.

21. To decree the existence of a state of war upon the evidence submitted to
it by the Executive Power.

22. To grant amnesties and pardons, but the latter shall not be issued except
upon report and favorable recommendation from the Supreme Court of Justice.

23. To declare by decree a state of siege in the cases and for the causes which
a law of constitutional character shall fix, the said siege to be raised when pro-
vided by' the same law.

24. To restore the rights of citizenship to those who have lost it.

25. To approve or disapprove the acts of the Executive.

26. To enact laws in acknowledgment of the national debt and to create and
appropriate such funds as may be required for its payment.

27. To grant or refuse Salvadorians the permission to accept offices from other
nations if compatible with the system of government of Salvador.

28. To grant or refuse naturalization to aliens who may request it.

29. To ratify, amend, or reject the treaties or conventions entered into by
the Executive with other nations ; but no treaty or convention which in any
way restricts or affects the exercise of the right of insurrection, or which violates
any constitutional provision shall ever be ratified.

30. To allow or disallow the transit of troops of other countries through the
territory of the Republic.

31. To try cases of impeachment of the officials of superior rank in the manner
and form provided by Title XIII of the present Constitution.

Art. 6g. When the National Assembly meets in extra session it shall deal with

SALVADOR. 85'

no other subjects than those over which it has competent jurisdiction and which
have been submitted to it by the Executive.

Art. 70. No faculty of the National Assembly can be delegated, except the
one of giving possession of their respective offices to the President and Vice-
President of the Republic, the justices of the Supreme Court, and the Comp-
trollers of the Treasury. The decrees or resolutions passed in violation of this
article shall be null and void, notwithstanding any reason on which they may
be founded; and the violaters of this article shall be subject to the responsibility
which the present Constitution shall provide.

Art. 71. The initiative of legislation belongs exclusively to the Deputies,
the President of the Republic, through his ministers, and the Supreme Court of
Justice.

Art. 72. All bills, after having been discussed and passed, shall be transmitted
for approval to the Executive Power, who shall give his sanction to it and shall
cause it to be published . as law, if he has no objection to it. The Executive
Power can not make any remarks or refuse his approval to the resolutions of the
National Assembly when passed in the exercise of the powers granted to it in
article 67 ahd in clauses 3, 5, 7, 8, 25, and 31 of article 68 of the present Con-
stitution.

Art. 73. When the Executive shall find it unadvisable to approve the bills
passed by the Assembly and submitted to him, he shall return them to the
Assembly within the period of eight days with a statement of his reasons for
refusing his approval; but if within the period above mentioned, the Executive
does not return the bills, the latter shall be taken and considered as approved,
and shall be published as laws by the Executive. In case that a bill is returned,
the Assembly shall discuss it again, and if ratified by a two-thirds vote, it shall
be sent to the Executive, who shall have to consider it as , law, approve, and
publish it.

When the Assembly passes a law during the last days of its session, and the
Executive has not the full legal time during which he can return it with his
objections, the Executive shall be bound to give immediate information of the
fact to the Assembly, in order that it may remain in session until the expiration
of the time above mentioned. If he should fail to do so, the bill shall be con-
sidered as approved.

Art. 74. No bill rejected or not ratified can be introduced again during the
same session of the Assembly, but the introduction of the same shall be per-
mitted in the following session.

Art. 75. All bills passed shall be engrossed in triplicate, each copy to be signed
by the President and Secretaries of the Assembly. One copy shall.be left on
file and the other two shall be forwarded to the Executive.

86 SALVADOR.

Art. 76. Upon the receipt by the Executive of the said two copies, if no
objection to the bill is found, his signature shall be affixed to both copies. One
shall be left on file and the other shall be returned to the Assembly. The Exec-
utive shall publish the approved bill within 8 days.

Art. ']']. The same formalities provided for the enactment and approval of
the laws shall be followed for the purpose of interpreting, amending, or repeal-
ing their provisions.

Art. 78. No law shall be binding except upon its having been solemnly pro-
mulgated. In order to give binding force to a law of permanent character a
lapse of 12 days after its promulgation shall be required. The provisions of
the present article are not applicable to the laws making appointments or declar-
ing the result ot elections.

Art. 79. No bill which has not been introduced in the Assembly by the
Supreme Court of Justice, but deals with matters tending to reform or repeal
any provision contained in the codes of the Republic, shall be discussed without
listening to the opinion of the said Supreme Court, and this opinion shall be
given either during the same session of the Assembly or in the following year,
as the importance, urgency, or scope of the bill may demand. This provision
is not applicable to the laws concerning political, economical, or Executive order.

Title VII. — The Executive Power.

Art. 80. The Executive Power shall be vested in a citizen who shah Have the
title of President of the Republic, and shall be assisted by the respective minis-
ters. He shall be elected by the Salvadorian people; but. when not elected
by an absolute majority of votes, he shall be elected by nominal vote of the
Assembly, which shall choose him out of the three citizens who have obtained
the largest number of votes.

Art. 81. There shall be a Vice-President elected in the same manner and
form as the President, and he will fill his place in case of death, resignation,
removal, or any other impediment. When there is no Vice-President the Exec-
utive Power shall devolve on one of the three designados * in the order in which
they have been appointed. If the legislative power is in session and the appoint-
ment of the said designados has become inoperative, the Assembly shall make
the election.

Art. 82. The term of office of the President shall be four years. A citizen
who has been President of the Republic can not be reelected or elected Vice-
President antil after the expiration of a second period of four years. The

*The designados are the candidates who have obtained the highest number of votes,
respectively.

SALVADOR.

Presidential term shall begin and end on the first of March of the respective
year. The President shall not have power to act one day longer.

The citizen who has acted as constitutional President during the last six
months of the period mentioned in the preceding clause can not be elected to
be President for the following period.

Art. 83. To be President or Vice-President of the Republic it shall be required
to be a Salvadorian by birth, a layman, over 30 years of age, in full possession
of the rights of citizenship, without having lost the same during the five years
preceding the election, and a person of well-known honesty and learning.

Art. 84. The citizen who fills the position of President of the Republic shall
be also the commandant-general of the army.

Art. 85. For the transaction of public business there shall be at the most
four ministers or secretaries of state, among whom the President of the Republic
shall distribute, at his discretion, the different branches of the Governm^t.

Art. 86. To be Secretary of State, it shall be required to be a native and a
resident of the Republic, over twenty-five years of age, of well-known honesty
and aptitude, in possession of his rights of citizenship without having lost them
during the period of five years previous to his appointment, not a contractor
of public works or services, and not a claimant in his own name against the
Government.

Citizens of the other Republics of Central America having the qualifications
required in the foregoing paragraph, who have been residents of Salvador during
five years, can also be appointed ministers. The position of Minister or Secre-
tary of State is incompatible with all others.

Art. 87. All decrees, decisions, orders, and rules made by the President of
the Republic shall be authorized and communicated by the respective ministers
or secretaries, or, in their absence, by the assistant secretaries, who shall have the
same qualifications as are required of the secretaries. Those which have not
been authorized and communicated in this way shall not be obeyed.

Art. 88. The ministers shall attend the sessions of the Assembly whenever
they may be called to do so, and they shall answer the interpellations which
may be made to them; but they shall withdraw before the vote is taken.

Art. 89. The President of the Republic and his secretaries or assistant sec-
retaries are jointly responsible for the acts authorized by them. The secretaries
and assistant secretaries shall not be exempted from a responsibility by having
saved their own vote.

Art. 90. The duties of the Executive Power are as follows:

1. To preserve the sovereignty and independence of the Republic and the
integrity of its territory.

2. To preserve peace in the Republic.

88 SALVADOR.

3. To publish the laws and cause them to be enforced.

4. To submit to the legislative body through his respective ministers, within
eight days subsequent to the opening of its session, a full report of the acts of
his administration during the last year, and also an estimate of the expenses to
run the Government during the next year, together with the proper suggestions
as to the manner of meeting said expenses. If, within the period just named,
the respective minister has not complied with the duty herein referred to, the
said minister shall become, by the same act, suspended from his office, and the
Executive shall be notified immediately in order that he may within the next
eight days and through another minister, appointed for that purpose, submit the
report and estimates above named; and if this is not done the President of the
Republic shall then be suspended also, and the functions of the Executive Power
shall devolve upon the person called to it by the present constitution, and said
person shall then submit the report and estimates within twenty days. In this
case the Legislative Power may extend the time of their sessions for an equal
period.

5. To give the Assembly all the information it may desire; but if the matter
about which information is asked is secret, he shall explain this fact. If the
Assembly in spite of this explanation deems it necessary to know the facts, the
Executive Power shall be bound to, furnish the informntion, except where it
relates to plans of war or political negotiations, in which secrecy is indispensable.
But if the required information is to be used for the purpose of impeaching him,
he can not, refuse it on any grounds. Neither can he reserve any document after
he has been impeached before the Assembly.

6. To give the funcjionaries of the judicial power all the assistance necessary
to enforce their decisions.

Art. 91. The faculties of the Executive Power are the following:

1. To appoint and remove the secretaries of state, the governors of a depart-
ment, the officers ot the army, and all the executive officers whose appointment
is not reserved to some other authority, but who are elected by the people; and
to accept their resignation.

2. To organize the army ot the Republic, and to grant military ranks up to
and including the rank of captain.

3. To conduct the foreign relations of the Republic, to appoint and remove
the diplomatic ministers and agents of all classes, and the consuls and consular
agents, and to receive the ministers of other nations.

4. To call, with the advice of the Council of Ministers, the members of the
Assembly to. meet in extra session whenever the great interests of the nation
may demand it, and in this case the alternates shall be called to replace the
members of the Assembly who may have died or are legally unable to attend.

SALVADOR.

.5. To designate before the reunion of the legislative power the place where
the meetings must be held, if the place designated by law for this purpose does
not offer the conditions of safety or freedom of action which are required.

6. To conduct war and make peace, submitting immediately to the ratifica-
tion of the legislative power the treaty entered into for the latter purpose.

7. To conclude treaties and all other diplomatic negotiations and submit them
to the ratification of the Assembly.

8. To call to the service such force additional to the standing army as may
be required to repel invasion or put down rebellion.

9. To designate those ports which shall be of entry, to close them to foreign
commerce, to establish custom-houses, and to nationalize and register vessels.

10. To grant commutations of penalties upon report; and favorable recom-
mendation of the Supreme Court of Justice.

11. To return, with his remarks, any bill which may be transmitted to him
by the Legislative Power, in pursuance of article 72 of the present constitution.

1 2. To make rules and regulations and issue decrees and orders for the pur-
pose of facilitating and securing the execution of the laws, and make also rules
for its interior government.

13. To promote public instruction in all the branches of human knowledge
by making the proper provisions and following the proper methods.

14. To decree the construction and improvement of roads and other ways
of communication; but the contracts made for the construction of wharves,
railroads, and canals shall have no effect until they are approved by the Legisla-
tive Power.

15. To restore, during the recess of the Legislative Power, the rights of citi-
zenship to those who have lost them ; but in no case shall he have power to do
so in regard to employees appointed by him who have lost the rights of citizen-
ship in consequence of an offence committed in the exercise of their functions,

16. To decree, with the advice of the Council of Ministers, during the recess
of the Legislative Power, a state of siege. In this case he shall be bound to report
this fact to the Legislative Power "at its next meeting, explain the causes which
induced him to do so, and report the action taken by him in consequence thereof
in the exercise of the faculties gran ted. him by law in such cases. The undue
continuation of a state of siege constitutes a crime of lesa nacion (treason to
the nation).

17. To use, during the recess of the Assembly, the powers given to the latter
in clauses 27 and 28 of article 68 of the present constitution. But he shall
be bound to report his action to- the same assembly during the extraordinary
session.

90 SALVADOR.

Art. 92. The President is forbidden to leave the territory of the Republic
without permission of the Legislative Power, unless when required by the neces-
sities of war; but in both cases he shall have to deposit the supreme command
in the person designated by law.

Art. 93. All decrees, orders, and decisions made by the Executive Power in
excess of the faculties given him by the present constitution shall be null and
shall not be obeyed even if issued with the intention so expressed of submitting
them thereafter to the Legislative Power for approval.

Title VIII. — The Judicial Foicer.

Art. 94. The Judicial Power shall be vested in a Supreme Court of Justice,
in Chambers of Third and Second Instance, and in all other tribunals and infe-
rior courts established by the present Constitution.

Art. 95. There shall be in the capital of the Republic a Chamber of Third
Instance, consisting of three justices, and there shall be furthermore two Cham-
bers of Second Instance, consisting each of two justices. The Chamber of Third
Instance shall be presided over by a Chief Justice, and the other two chambers
shall have for their president the justice elected by them for that purpose. These
three chambers, united and presided over by the Chief Justice, shall form the
Supreme Court of Justice. In this tribunal the majority of votes of its members
shall be sufficient to make a valid decision, and in case of equal vote the Chief
Justice shall decide. The functions of the Chief Justice are : To preside over
the sessions of the tribunal, to conduct the ordinary proceedings of the cases
subject to its iurisdiction, and to exercise all other powers and faculties estab-
lished by the judiciary act. In the absence or inability of the Chief Justice, his
position shall be filled by the justices in the order of their appointment. In the
cases pending in the Third Instance, the proceedings shall be conducted by the
first justice, and in his absence bv the second.

Art. 96. -JFne Chamber of Second Instance, consisting of two justices, shall
be established and sit in the city of San Miguel. Another of the same kind
shall be established and sit in the city of Santa Ana, and a further one in
Cojutepeque. The justices first elected for each one of these chambers shall
act as president thereof. When the Legislative Power may deem it advisable,
one of the chambers of Second Instance established at the capital shall be trans-
ferred to the department of San Vicente.

Art. 97. There shall be ten alternate justices, four to serve in the Chambers
of the capital and two for each one of the other Chambers, and they shall enter
on the exercise of their functions indiscriminately whenever they may be called
to do so under the law.

SALVADOR. 91

Art. 98. To be a justice or ah alternate the following qualifications are
required :

1. To be a native-born citizen of the Republic or a Central American, natu-
ralized in it.

2. To be in the full enjoyment of the rights of citizenship without having
lost the same during the five years preceding the election.

3. To be over 30 years of age.

4. To be a lawyer of the Republic.

5. To be a person of well-known learning and honesty.

6. To have practiced law for four years in Salvador or served as judge of
First Instance in the Republic for two years.

Notwithstanding the provision contained in clause 1 of this article, aliens
naturalized in Salvador may be appointed justices if they have made their law
studies in the Republic and have all the other qualifications required by this
article.

Art. 99. No person can be appointed justice of the Supreme Court or of one
chamber if he is a relative within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity,
whether legitimate or illegitimate, or the second degree of legitimate affinity, of
another member of the same tribunal.

Art. 100. The justices and their alternates shall serve for two years, but they
may be reelected.

Art. 101. The Chamber of Third Instance shall take cognizance of all the
cases which, according to law, fall under its jurisdiction.

The Chambers of Second Instance shall take cognizance on appeal of all
civil and criminal cases wherein a sentence has been passed by the judge of First-
Instance, and furthermore of ' all the other cases falling under their respective
jurisdiction, which shall be circumscribed in the following way : The Chamber
of the Western Section shall take cognizance of the cases belonging to the
department of Santa Ana, Sonsonate, and Ahuachapan; that of the First Section
of the Center shall have the department of San Salvador and Chalatenango;
that of the Second Section of the Center shall have the departments of La Liber-
tad and La Paz; that of the Third Section shall have the departments of Cuz-
catlan. Cabanas, and San Vicente; and that of the Eastern Section shall have
the departments of San Miguel, Gotera, La Uni6n, and Usulutan.

In case that new departments or districts are established, the Legislative
Power shall designate the court under whose respective jurisdiction they are to
be placed.

Art. 102. The powers of the Supreme Court are the following:

1. To make rules for its interior government and for the government of the
Chambers of Second and Third Instance.

92 SALVADOR.

2. To appoint the judge who has to takecognizance of matters affecting the
Treasury, the justices of First Instance, the Attorney-General, the District
Attorneys, the Solicitors for the Poor in the capital, and all subaltern officers
of the court; to receive their resignations and act upon them, and to grant
leaves of absence.

3. To make visits ot inspection, by means oi one of its justices, to all tribu-
nals and courts, in order to correct anv irregularity v/hich may be found to
exist in the administration of justice.

4. To make use of its right to initiate legislation by addressing directly to
the Legislative Power, and setting forth the objections which may exist against
any law or the obstacles which have been found to its proper execution, and
suggesting the reforms which, in its opinion, must be made,

5. To exercise the functions entrusted to it by the present Constitution in
the Title called "Responsibility of the Public Functionaries."

6. To admit students to the practice of law and to debar for cause those
lawyers already admitted, temporarily or permanently, for prior fraud, unpro-
fessional behavior, or notorious immoral conduct. The same power shall be
exercised in regard to the functionaries called escribanos publicos.

7. To appoint associate judges in the cases provided by law.

8. To take cognizance of all prize cases and of all others not specially reserved
to some other authority.

9. To decide questions of jurisdiction which may arise between the tribunals
or courts of all kinds.

10. To watch incessantly that justice is promptly and faithfully administered.

1 1. To grant and enforce the writ o'i aviparo, established by article 37 of the
present Constitution, in such cases and in such manner as provided by law.

12. To administer either directly, or by means of the functionaries delegated
by it for that purpose, the constitutional oath or affirmation to be taken by the
judges of First Instance and by the other employees appointed by it in taking
possession ot their offices, and also to the assistant judges appointed to form or
complete a tribunal in the cases established by law.

13. To prepare and submit to the Legislative Body the annual estimate of the
expenses of the administration of justice.

All other powers of the Supreme Court of Justice shall be established by law.

Art. 103. The powers set forth in clauses 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the preceding
article shall belong also to the Chambers of Second Instance which do not sit in
the capita], and said Chambers shall have the further power of appointing the
respective District Attorney, the Solicitor for the Poor, the Physicians to do
service in legal cases, and the employees of their own offices. They shall also
listen to the accusations and informations made against the functionaries in

SALVADOR.

regard to whom the Supreme Court has the power to decide whether they must
or must not be submitted to trial; but the Chambers herein referred to shall
confine their action to make the proper investigation and submit the record
thereof to the Supreme Court.

Art. 104. The power to make judicial decisions and enforce them belongs
exclusively to the Chambers of Second and Third Instance and to the inferior
courts.

Art. 105. There shall be judges of First Instance, regular and alternate, who
shall take cognizance of and give decisions in all civil and criminal cases in all
the chief towns of the departments. The Supreme Court of Justice, acting in
accord with the Executive, shall also have the power to establish these courts of
First Instance in the chief town of the district if such is deemed advisable to
facilitate the good administration of justice. The judges of First Instance shall
be appointed for two ye^rs and can be reelected.

Art. 106. To be a judge of First Instance it shall be required: To be a citi-
zen in the full exercise of his rights as such, and a resident for two years of Sal-
vador, a lawyer of the Republic, over twenty-one years of age, a man of well-
known honesty and learning, and not to have lost the rights of citizenship dur-
ing the two years preceding his appointment.

Art. 107. The Supreme Court of Justice, acting in accord with the Execu-
tive, shall establish, whenever deemed necessary, in the chief towns of the depart-
ments or of the districts, judges of First Instance, who shall take cognizance sep-
arately of civil and criminal cases.

Art. 108. There shall be a jury in all places having a judge of First Instance,
and that jury shall be called to convene in all cases of criminal offences which,
according to law, fall under its jurisdiction. A special law shall be enacted
making the necessary provisions in regard to this institution.

Art. 109. There shall be justices of the peace in all the towns of the Repub-
lic; their number, election, qualification, and power shall be fixed by law.

Art. 1 10. The positions of justice of a court, and of judge of First Instance
are incompatible with any other salaried office under the Executive or the Legisla-
tive Powers. This provision is not applicable to the alternate' justices or judges
when not exercising judicial functions ; but if they accept some office incompat-
ible with the said functions, their appointment as alternate justice shall, by the
same act, be forfeited.

Title IX. — The Departmental and Local Government.

Art. 111. For the purposes of political administration, the territory of the
Republic shall be divided into departments, whose number and limits shall be

SALVADOR.

fixed by law. Each one of these departments shall have a governor and an
alternate governor, both of them appointed by the Executive.

Art. 1 12. To be a governor or his alternate, the following qualifications are
required : To be a citizen in the exercise of his rights as such, without having
lost said rights during the two years preceding the appointment ; to be over
twenty-five years of age ; and to be a person of competent learning and integ-
rity.

Art. 113. The local government of the towns shall be vested in the munici-
pal bodies elected directly by the citizens residing therein. Each municipal
body shall consist of one Alcalde, one Syndic, and two or more aldermen, the
number of the latter to be fixed according to the population, as may be estab-
lished by law.

Art. 1 14. The municipal councils shall manage their own funds to the benefit
of the community, and shall render an account of their. management to the tri-
bunal established by law.

Art. 115. The powers of the municipal bodies, which shall be purely eco-
nomical and executive, and the qualifications required to be elected members of
the same, shall be determined by law.

Art. 116. In addition to the faculties vested by law in the municipal bodies
in general, the special power of commuting sentences passed upon persons con-
victed of misdemeanors, shall be granted to the municipal bodies established in
the chief towns.

Art. 1 17. The municipal bodies shall be entirely independent in the exercise
of their functions, but they shall be held responsible for their actions either as
corporations or individuals, as the case may be. The subaltern employes of the
municipal bodies shall be appointed by them without intervention of any other
authority.

Art. 118. The power to appoint and remove members of the police, which
shall be a civil body, shall belong to the municipal bodies; but in the capital of
the Republic this power shall be exercised by the Executive, who shall have the
supreme direction of this branch of the service. A law of secondary character
shall regulate the institution.

/ Title X. — The Elections.

Art. 119. The President of the Republic, the Vice-President, and the Dep-
uties shall be elected by the people directly.

Art, 120. In these elections all the citizens shall have a direct vote.

Art. 121. The right of suffrage can not be given up and its exercise is oblig-
atory.

SALVADOR. 95

Art. 122. The right of suffrage shall be exercised by all the Salvadorean cit-
izens. The exercise of this right shall be regulated by law.

Art. 123. The basis of the electoral system is the population, and until a
correct census is taken the present political division of the Republic into depart-
ments, districts, and cantons shall prevail.

Art. 124. Each department shall elect three deputies and two alternates, but
when the census spoken of in the preceding article is taken then there shall be a
deputy and an alternate for each \ 5,000 inhabitants.

Art. 1 25. No minister of any religion whatever shall be elected for any posi-
tion to be given by popular vote.

Art. 126. A special law shall regulate the matter of elections.

Title XI. — The National Treasury.

Art. 127. The public Treasury of the Nation is formed as follows:

1. By its whole property, real and personal.

2. By all the debts due it.

3. By the duties, taxes, and imposts paid and to be paid in the future by
Salvadorians and aliens.

Art. 128. For the management of the public moneys there shall be a general
Treasury, which shall collect and disburse the funds, and a Superior Tribunal
of Accounts or Board of Comptrollers, which shall examine and pass all the
accounts given by those who manage public moneys.

Art. 1 29. The general Treasury shall publish every month the condition of
the funds managed by it, and the Comptroller's office shall publish annually a
general statement of all the revenue.

Art. 130. No sum can be taken out of the Treasury or be paid or adjudi-
cated unless the disbursement is previously authorized by law. The law shall
fix the revenue and the expenses of the Nation. No disbursement made against
the provisions of this Constitution shall render the officer who made it respon-
sible for it, said responsibility to be shared also by the one who executed the
order, if he does not succeed in proving himself not guilty.

Art. 131. The Executive shall have no power to enter into cc^ntracts involving
responsibility on the part of the national funds without previously publishing in
the official paper the proposal received to that effect, said proposal to be disposed
(.»f at public auction. The contracts made to meet some necessity of war, and
those which, by their own nature, can not be made except with certain persons,
are excepted from the operatio,n of this prohibition.

96 SALVADOR.

Title XII.— 7"/;.^ Armed Force.

Art. 132. The armed force is established for the preservation of the integrity
of the Salvadorean territory, to preserve and defend the national autonomy, to
enforce the law, to preserve public order, and to cause the constitutional guar-
anties to be a fact.

Art. 133. The armed force is essentially obedient, and it has not the power
to deliberate in matters of military service.

Art. 134. In case of war all able-bodied Salvadorians from 18 to 50 years of
age are soldiers.

Art. 135. The army of the Republic shall consist of the standing regular
army, of the militia, and of the national navy. Each town shall contribute to
its formation in proportion to the number of its inhabitants.

Xhe designation of the men who must compose the army shall be made by lot.
The standing army in time of peace shall be fixed every year by the legislature,
and shall be limited to what is strictly necessary to protect the ports, places, and
warehouses of war.

Art. 136.' The privileges involved in what is called d fuero de guerra shall
belong only to those individuals of the army of the Republic who are in actual
service, and only in criminal cases for offences purely military. Attractive juris-
diction is hereby abolished.

The selection of the members of the council of war established by military
law shall be made by lot from the officers free to do service according to law.

Art. 137. The proper appeals and legal remedies from or against the decisions
of the councils of war shall be taken to the Commandant-General of the Republic,
or to the respective superior officer in the field.

Title XIII. — The Responsibility of the Public Functionaries.

Art. 138. Every functionary, whether civil or military, shall, in taking posses-
sion of his office, take an oath or affirmation upon his word of honor to be
faithful to the Republic, to comply with the constitution and cause it to be com-
plied with, and to abide by its provisions in spite of any law, decree, order, Or
resolution to the contrary, and shall promise also to comply faithfully with the
duties of his office for the violation of which he shall be held responsible with his
person and property.

Art. 139. The President of the Republic or the Acting President, the jus-
tices and ministers or secretaries of state, and the assistant secretaries when act-
ing as seci-etaries, the diplomatic ministers and the governors of the departments
shall be held responsible before the Assembly for any expressed violation of the
Constitution, or for any offence committed by them in the exercise of their func-

SALVADOR. 97

tions. The Assembly after hearing the judge-advocate selected from its members
and the accused officer, if present, and if not present his special counsel, shall
declare whether there is sufficient evidence to begin a trial. In the affirmative
case, the record of the steps taken shall be sent to the first Chamber of Second
Instance of the capital in order that it may pass the proper sentence and an
appeal to the Chamber of Third Instance shall be given against this sentence.
Every person has the right to give information of the offences spoken of in this
article, and also to prosecute the same if he has the qualifications required by
law for such action.

The Deputies shall be tried in the same cases, and under the same formalities
by the Assembly itself.

Art. 140. The representatives shall be tried in the manner provided for in
article 65 of the present Constitution, for common crimes and misdemeanors
committed by them during the session of the legislative body. If any of the
functionaries enumerated in the preceding article should commit a common
offence, he shall be accused or denounced before the Assembly, which, following
the same course of proceedings established in the same article, shall declare
whether the case must or must not be tried, and if the resolution is in the
affirmative, the offender shall be submitted to the ordinary courts.

Art. 141. The Comptrollers of the Treasury, the judge for matters belong-
ing to the Treasury, the Judges of First Instance, the Justices of the Peace, and
all other functionaries indicated by law, shall be tried for offences committed in
the exercise of their functions by the Supreme Court of Justice. The trial
have for its object to submit the offender to the ordinary tribunals in case
there is sufficient evidence to convict him. For common offences and misde-
meanors the above-mentioned officials shall be subject to the ordinary course of
proceedings.

Art. 142. As soon as either the Assembly or the Supreme Court of Justice,
as the case may be, declares that a trial must be held, the offender shall be sus-
pended from the exercise of his functions, and under no consideration whatever
shall he be allowed to remain any longer in his position without becoming guilty
of usurpation of authority, and no person shall be bound to obey him. If the
sentence acquits him, the impeached official shall return to the exercise of his
office, but if he is adjudged guilty he shall be by the same fact discharged.

Art. 143. The decrees, rules, and sentences of the Assembly made in this
class of cases shall be complied with and executed, without any necessity of
approval or affirmation of any kind.

Art. 144. Whenever the Executive Power in sending to the Assembly the
reports of the ministers or secretaries of state omits something which, according
to law, ought to be embraced in the same, the Assembly shall give it the proper
Bull. 58 7

98 SALVADOR.

notice in order that it may comply with its duties in this respect, but if the
Executive fails to do so, the measures spoken of in clause 4, article 90 of the
present constitution shall be resorted to.

Art. 145. The statute of limitations shall begin to be counted for official
offences and misdemeanors from the date on which the guilty functionary ceased
in the exercise of his duties.

Art. 146. The representatives of the Constitutional Conventions shall be sub-
ject exactly to the same proceedings, as far as their trial is concerned, as the
members of the Legislative Body. In this case the resolution by which the trial
is ordered shall be passed by the Constitutional Convention itself, and the Con-
vention shall appoint a committee of its members to conduct the proper investi-
gation and act in everything necessary in accordance with its rules.

Art. 147. If on the adjournment of the Legislative Power no sentence has
been passed as yet on any case of this kind pending before it, it shall delegate
its powers to the special committee consisting of seven members, which shall sit
during the adjournment, and shall decide in conformity with the provisions of
this title.

Title XIV. — The Reform of the Constitution and Constitutional Laws.

Art. 148. The reform of the present Constitution shall be undertaken only
upon resolution passed by two-thirds of the votes of the representatives elected
for the Assembly, and this resolution shall express the article or articles which
must be reformed. The resolution shall be published in the official newspapers,
and shall be considered again in the session of the Assembly of the following
year. If ratified by the Assembly a Constitutional Convention consisting of
three delegates for each department shall be called to meet, in order to decide
about the reform suggested. But it is hereby declared that in no case shall
Articles 80, 8r, and 82 prohibiting the reelection of the President, Vice-Presi-
dent, and designados, and concerning the duration of the Presidential term be
reformed.

Art. 149. The laws of the public press, the state of siege, the writ of amparo,
and the general elections shall be considered constitutional.

They may be reformed either by the Constitutional Convention, or by the
ordinary assembly by a two-thirds vote; but in the latter case the reform shall
have no binding force until it has been ratified by the legislative body in the
ordinary session of the following year by the same number of votes.

Art. 150. All other manner or method of reforming the Constitution or con-
stitutional laws different from those provided for in the preceding articles is
illegal and void.

SALVADOR. 99

Title XV'. — General Provisions.

Art. 151. As Salvador is a segregated portion of the Republic of" Central
America, it is left in aptitude to concur with any or all the states which belong
to the latter, in the organization of a national government when circumstances
may permit it, and when its interests may be promoted by it.. The same thing
shall be understood in reference to the Latin American Confederation.

Art. 152. The Constitution of December 6, 1883, is hereby absolutely
repealed. / a 7./.

National Palace, San Salvador, August, Tvt-, 1886.

Appendix B.

LAW RELATING TO ALIENS.

The National Constitutional Convention of the Republic of Salvador, con-
sidering that it is of great importance for the preservation of good relations
with other countries to give prompt and due fulfillment to the provisions of
Article 50 of the Constitution, has decreed as follows:

LAW RELATING TO ALIENS.

Chapter. I. — Salvadorians and Aliens.

Article 1. All persons enumerated in Articles 42, 43, and 44 of the Con-
stitution, are Salvadorians by birth or naturalization.
Art. 2. The following are aliens :

1. All persons born outside of the national territory, subject to a foreign gov-
ernment and not naturalized in Salvador.

2. The children of an alien father, or of an alien mother and father unknown,
born in the territory of the Republic, until they reach that age in which, accord-
ing to the laws of the nationality of the father or of the mother, as the case
may be, the period of their minority ceases. But, if these persons allow a year
to elapse after their having reached the age of majority, and fail during that
time to declare before the Governor of the department in which they reside
their desire to retain the nationality of their parents, they shall be considered
Salvadorians.

3. The Salvadorian woman who marries an alien shall retain the nationality
of her husband, even during her widowhood. If the marriage has been dis-
solved, the Salvadorian woman, who is such by birth, may recover her Salvado-
rian nationality, by establishing her residence in the Republic, and declaring
before the respective Governor her decision to recover her former allegiance.

The Salvadorian wife, who, according to the laws of the country to which
her husband belongs, does not acquire his nationality by virtue of the marriage,
shall retain her own.
100

SALVADOR. lOl

Any change in the nationality of the husband, subsequent to the marriage,
entails the same change in the nationality of the wife and of the minor children
subject to parental authority; provided that the said wife and minor children
reside in the country where the husband or father became naturalized. But this
rule shall be subject to the exception established in the preceding paragraph.

4. Salvadorians naturalized in other countries and residing therein.

5. Salvadorians in the official service of a foreign government, in any capacity,
political, judicial, or diplomatic, without the permission of the legislative power
required by No. 4, Article 53, of the Constitution.

Art. 3. In order to fix what is to be understood by "place of birth," in the
cases set forth in the preceding article, it is hereby declared that national vessels,
without distinction of any kind, are a portion of the national territory, and that
all persons born on board said vessels shall be considered as born within the
Republic.

Art. 4. By virtue of the benefit of extraterritoriality enjoyed by diplomatic
agents, the children of the ministers and of all other officers of the Legations of
the Republic accredited to foreign countries shall, if born in said countries, be
considered as born in Salvador.

Art. 5. The nationality of corporations shall be regulated by the law which
gave them their existence. Therefore, all those organized in conformity to the
laws of the Republic, and having in it a legal domicile, shall be Salvadorian.

Foreign corporations shall enjoy in Salvador the same rights as are granted to
them by the laws of the country in which they have their domicile, provided
that these laws are not contrary^to the laws of the nation.

Chapter W.— Expatriation and Naturalization.

Art. 6. The Republic of Salvador recognizes the right of expatriation as nat-
ural and inherent to every man, and as necessary for the enjoyment of individual
liberty. Therefore, as she allows her citizens to exercise this right by permit-
ting them to leave her territory and settle in a foreign country, so, also, she
protects the use of the same right by aliens of every nationality who come to settle
within her jurisdiction. As a consequence thereof, she receives the subjects
and citizens of other nations and naturalizes them according to the provisions
of the Constitution and the present law.

Art. 7. The expatriation of a Salvadorian criminal and his consequent nat-
uralization in a foreign country do not exempt him from extradition, trial, and
punishment, according to the treaties, international usages, and the laws of the
country.

Art. 8. Persons naturalized in Salvador, even if residing in foreign countries.

102 SALVADOR.

have the same right to the protection of the Government of the Republic,
either in regard to their persons or to their property, as the native-born Salva-
dorian citizen; but this does not prevent them, if they return to the country
of origin, from being subject to the responsibilities therein incurred by them
under the laws previous to their naturalization.

Art. 9. The Salvadorian Government shall protect by the means authorized
by international law all Salvadorian citizens abroad. The Executive power
shall, as it may deerp advisable, make use of said means, if no act of hostility
is involved in them ; but if diplomatic intervention is not enough, or if the
means resorted to prove to be insufficient, or if the wrongs done to the Salva-
dorian nation are of such a gravity as to require measures of a more severe •
character, then the Executive power shall report the facts to the legislative
for the proper constitutional action.

Art. 10. The naturalization of an alien becomes forfeited by his residence
in the country of origin for two years, unless that residence is due to the fulfill-
ment of any official commission from the Salvadorian Government, or has been
taken with its permission.

Art. 1 1. Every alien who fulfills the requisites established in Article 43 of
the Constitution can be naturalized in the Republic, provided, that he makes
an application therefor in writing, and that he makes in it the renunciation and.
the protest to which the following article refers.

Art. 12. Naturalization implies the renunciation of all submission, obedi- .
ence, and fidelity to all foreign governments, and especially to the government
to which the naturalized citizen owed allegiance. It also implies the renuncia-
tion both of all kind of protection foreign to the laws and authorities of Salva-
dor, and. of all the rights that are granted aliens either by treaty or by interna-
tional law. It implies furthermore the promise, or oath of allegiance, obedience,
and submission to the laws and authorities of the Republic.

Art. 13. No naturalization papers shall be issued in favor of subjects or citi-
zens of a nation with which the Republic is at war.

Art. 14. Said papers shall not be granted to any person reputed and judi-
cially declared in other countries to be pirates, slave-dealers, incendiaries, coun-
terfeiters of money, bank notes, or any other paper used as currency, miir-
derers, kidnappers, and thieves. Naturalization fraudulently obtained by an
alien in violation of the law is by full right null and void.

Art. 15. Naturalization papers, or certificates, shall be issued gratuitously,
and no fee of any kind, whether under the head of expenses, recording, stamping,
or any other name, shall ever be charged therefor.

Art. 16. Naturalization being a personal act, the candidate can not be rep-
resented by an attorney, unless the latter has a full special power executed in

SALVADOR.

103

his favor; but this provision does not apply to any case in which the naturali-
zation takes place by the mere operation of the law. Under no circumstances
can the actual residence of the candidate within the limits of the Republic be
supplied by an attorney.

Art. 17. The national character, whether as a citizen or an alien, is not
transferable; consequently, a citizen can not enjoy the rights of an alien, nor
can an alien enjoy the prerogatives of a citizen, by reason of a transfer.

Art. 18. The change of nationality has no retroactive effect. The acquisi-
tion as well as the restoration of Salvadorian citizenship does not take effect
until one day after the date of the decree which granted them.
^ Art. 19. Colonists who may arrive in the future, either at their own expense
or imported by private companies or associations, and immigrants of all kinds,
may become naturalized in the country, according to the provisions of the Con-
stitution. Colonists heretofore settled shall be subject to the same provisions,
if they do not conflict with the rights acquired by them under their contracts.

Art. 20. The naturalized alien shall become a Salvadorian citizen as soon as
he has the quahflcations required by article 51 of the Constitution, and then
his rights and obligations shall be the same as those of the native-born Salva-
dorians. Nevertheless, he will not be qualified to serve' those positions which,
according to the Constitution, require citizenship by birth.

Chapter III. — Matriculation audits Effects.

Art. 21. The matriculation of aliens consists in the inscription of their
names and nationalities in a book opened for that purpose in the Department of
Foreign Relations of the Republic.

Art. 22. An alien who wishes to matriculate and finds himself in the capitol
of the Republic, must make his application to the Department of Foreign
Relations; but, if he finds himself elsewhere, the application shall be made to
the governor of the respective department. His nationality shall be proved
by either of the following documents, namely :

1. A certificate of the respective diplomatic or consular agent accredited in
the Republic, showing that the applicant is a native of the country represented
by said official.

2. The passport with which the applicant came to the Republic, if fully
authenticated.

3. The certificate of his naturalization, authenticated also in due form. Upon
sufficient evidence of the destruction or loss of this certificate, or of the fact
that the issuing thereof is not necessary under the laws of the country where
the naturalization took place, the applicant shall be permitted to produce second-
ary evidence of the fact of his naturalization.

104 SALVADOR.

Art.- 23. Upon the report made by the respective authorities to the Depart-
ment of Foreign Relations, and the proof of the nationality of the applicant,
the inscription of his name shall be made on the register, and a proper certifi-
cate shall be sent to the applicant, upon the payment of five francs (one dollar),
as a matriculation fee, to be paid only once.

Art. 24. The matriculation constitutes only a legal presumption of the
nationality claimed under it. It admits, therefore, of evidence in rebuttal.

Art. 25. The direct evidence of matriculation shall consist in the certificate
above provided for, issued and signed by the Secretary of Foreign Relations,
who is the only competent authority to issue it.

Art. 26. No public authority or functionary can recognize the nationality oft
an alien, unless upon the proper presentation of his certificate of matriculation.

Art. 27. The certificate of matriculation shall not be sufficient to support
any right or privilege claimed under it, if the said right or privilege is anterior
to the date of the certificate.

Art. 28. The different national character which distinguishes the aliens from
each others and is, proved by the certificate of matriculation, gives them certain
privileges and imposes upon them certain special obligations. The said privi-
leges, in their strict meaning, are called by the laws of the Republic " rights of
aliens."

Art. 29. The rights of aliens are: (1) That of invoking the treaties and con-
ventions which may be in force between Salvador and the nation to which the
alien belongs; (2) that of asking protection, through diplomatic methods, of
the foreign power to which the alien owns allegiance; (3) that of enjoying the
benefits of reciprocity.

Art. 30. The legal condition of the matriculated alien under the rights or
privileges above referred to, is changed by the renunciation of the same rights
and privileges made by the interested parties, and, also, by the existence of a
state of war between Salvador and the country to which the alien belongs.

Art. 31. The renunciation can be either expressed or implied. It shall be
expressed when it is set forth in the stipulation made between the Government
and the alien. And it is implied when the alien deliberately performs some act
by which he submits himself to any law of Salvador which grants him a favor
on condition that the renunciation is made, or which presupposes it.

Chapter IV. — Rights and Duties of Aliens.

Art. 32. Aliens are subject to the provisions of Title iv of the Constitution
and to the law of March 3, 1877. They enjoy the guarantees granted in
Title II of the same Constitution, limited, however, by the faculty of the exec-

SALVADOR. 105

utive power to expel from the country pernicious foreigners. The proceedings
in the latter case shall always be simply executive.

Art. 33. Aliens shall also enjoy all the civil rights belonging to Salvadorians;
but the legislative power may modify or abridge said rights under the principal of
reciprocity, so as to make aliens residing in the Republic subject to the same
disqualification that the laws of their country impose upon the Salvadorians
residing therein.

Art. 34. Aliens can, without losing their nationality, domicile themselves in
the Republic for all the purposes of law. The acquisition, change, or loss of
the domicile is regulated by the laws of Salvador.

. Art. 35. Whenever the individual guarantees may be declared suspended, as
permitted by the law on the state of siege, the aliens, as well as the citizens,
shall remain subject to the requirements of the law which ordered the suspen-
sion; but nothing in this provision shall be construed as to ignore the stipula-
tions made in preexisting treaties.

Art. 36. Domiciled aliens are bound to pay all taxes, personal, general, and
local, ordinary and extraordinary, in the same manner as the Salvadorians,
except in case that under especial international stipulations an exception has
been made in their favor. As to the burdens to be borne by real estate, the domi-
ciled aliens shall be subject to the provisions of article 47 of the Constitution,

Art. 37. Transient aliens are exempted from all taxes, merely personal,
whether ordinary or extraordinary ; but they ape not exempted from paying those
taxes levied on real estate, or on personal property, industry, profession, or
commerce.

Art. 38. All aliens are bound to obey and respect the institutions, laws, and
authorities of the Republic, as provided in article 45 of the Constitution, and
they must abide by the decisions and sentences of the couTts, without resorting
to any other remedies than those which the same laws grant to Salvadorian
citizens.

Art. 39. Only in case of denial of justice, or of voluntary delay in its
administration, can the aliens apply to their Government for diplomatic inter-
vention; but this will be allowed only upon proof that all the ordinary reme-
dies established by the laws of the Republic have been exhausted.

Art. 40. Denial of justice shall be understood to exist only in the case in
which the judicial authority refuses to make a formal declaration, whether on
the subject-matter or on any of the incidental questions submitted to its cog-
nizance. Consequently the mere fact of the passing by the judge of a sentence
or decision, in whatever sense, shall be an estoppel to the allegation of denial of
justice, even if it is claimed that the sentence or decision was iniquitous or
passed in open violation of the law.

106 SALVADOR.

Art. 41. The delay in the administration of justice will cease to be volun-
tary, as soon as the judge explains that it is due to some reason of law or to
some physical impediment beyond his control. '

Art. 42. Aliens do not enjoy the political rights vested in Salvadorian citi-
zens; therefore they can not vote or receive votes for any office in a popular
election; nor can they be appointed for any position involving civil or political
authority or jurisdiction. They cannot associate with others to deal with the
political matters of the State, or take any part in the same, or exercise in this
class of business the right of petition.

Art. 43. Aliens who wilfully make use of the rights denied to them in the
preceding article shall thereby become responsible for their acts and the conse-
quences thereof, exactly the same as if they were Salvadorian citizens; but
nothing in this provision shall be construed as to entitle said aliens to claim that
they have been naturalized, except, however, in the case set forth in article 48
of the Constitution.

Art. 44. Aliens are exempted from military service, but those domiciled in
the country shall be subjected at all times to serve such muncipal offices as have
no authority, jurisdiction, or deliberate vote attached to them. They must also
render service in the armed police, whenever it may be necessary for the pro-
tection of private property and the preservation of public order, in the locality
in which they reside.

Art. 45. Aliens are bound to observe strict neutrality and not do anything
against the Republic or her Government in case of foreign war.

Art. 46. Aliens shall not take part in the civil dissensions of the country,
and those who violate this prohibition shall be expelled from the territory by
executive order, on the ground that they are pernicious ; but they shall respond
additionally, under the laws of the Republic, for all the offenses they may have
committed. Nothing in this shall be construed as to prevent their rights and
duties during a state of war from being regulated by international law and the
treaties.

Art. 47. Aliens charged as authors, accomplices, or abettors of any of the
offences enumerated in article 20 of the Code of Criminal Proceedings, shall be
subject to the provisions of article 21 of the same code.

Art. 48. Offences of continuous character, committed at some previous time
in a foreign country and continued within the Republic, shall be punished
according to the laws of the latter, whether the offenders are citizens 01 aliens,
provided that they are apprehended within the territory of Salvador.

Art. 49. The offences committed outside Salvador by aliens against aliens
shall not be prosecuted in the Republic ; but the Government has the power to
expel from the country the said offenders as pernicious aliens.

SALVADOR. 107

Art. 50. Offences committed within the territory of the Republic, by aliens
against aliens, or against citizens, shall be prosecuted and punished according to
the laws of Salvador.

Art. 51. The following offences shall be considered as committed within the
territory of the Republic, namely :

1. Offences committed on the high seas on board national vessels, whether
merchant or war.

2. Offences committed on board a Salvadorian man-of-war in a foreign port
cr in foreign waters.

3. Offences committed on board a merchant vessel in a foreign port or in for-
egn waters, when the offences have not been taken cognizance of and prosecuted
and punished in the nation to which the port or the waters belong.

Art. 52. When an alien comrnits an offence against the exterior safety of the
Republic, or becomes guilty of rebellion or sedition, the Government shall have
the power either to expel him peremtorily from the country by executive decree,
or to submit him to trial according to the common rules of proceedings.

Art. 53. In criminal prosecutions for rebellion or sedition, the fact that the
offender is an alien shall be always considered as an aggravating circumstance
for the imposition of the penalty.

Art. 54. Nothing in this law can be construed as to give aliens any right
denied to them either by international law, the treaties, or the laws in force in
Salvador.

Art. 55. Although Spanish-Americans are not considered aliens in Salvador,
they shall, however, be subject to the present law, until the formation of the
great Latin-American Confederation, referred to in article 141 of the Consti-
tution.

Art. 56. No Central American shall be considered an alien for the purposes
of the present law.

National Palace,

San Salvador, September 2y, 1886.

Approved September 29, 1886.

Appendix C.

PARCELS POST CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR.

The undersigned,

Don M. Dickinson, Postmaster General of the United States of America, and
Santiago Perez Triana, Vice Consul of the Republic of Salvador in New York,
duly empowered thereto, for the purpose of making better postal arrangements
between the United States of America and the Republic of Salvador, have
agreed upon the following articles for the establishment of a Parcels-Post sys-
tem of exchanges between the two countries.

ARTICLE I.

The provisions of this Convention relate only to parcels of mail matter to be
exchanged by the system herein provided for, and do not affect the arrangements
now existing under the Universal Postal Union Convention, wnich will con-
tinue as heretofore ; and all the agreements hereinafter contained apply exclu-
sively to mails exchanged under these articles.

ARTICLE II.

1. There shall be admitted to the mails exchanged under this Convention,
articles of merchandise and mail matter except letters, postcards, and written
matter of all kinds that are admitted under any conditions to the domestic
mails of the country of origin, except that no packet must exceed 1 1 pounds
(or 5 kilograms) in weight, nor the following dimensions: Greatest length in
any direction, 105 centimeters (or 3 feet 6 inches); greatest length and girth
combined 180 centimeters (or six feet) ; and must be so wrapped or inclosed as
to permit their contents to be easily examined by postmasters and customs .offi-
cers ; and except that the following articles are prohibited :

Publications which violate the copy-right laws of the country of destination ;
liquids, poisons, explosive or inflammable substances, fatty substances, those
which easily liquefy, live or dead animals, not dried, insects and reptiles, con-
fections, pastes, fruits and vegetables w hich will easily decompose, and substances
108

SALVADOR. 109

which exhale a bad odor, lottery tickets or circulars, all obscene or immoral
articles, other articles which may destroy or in any way damage the mails, or
injure the persons handling them.

2. All admissible articles of merchandise mailed in one country for the other,
or received in one country from the other, whether by land or sea conveyance,
shall be free from any detention or inspection whatever, except such as is
required for collections of customs duties, and shall be forwarded by the most
speedy means to their destination, being subject in their transmission to the
laws and regulations of each country respectively.

ARTICLE 111.

1. A letter or communication of the nature of personal correspondence must
not accompany, be written on, or enclosed with any parcel.

2. If such be found, the letter will be placed in the mails if separable, and if
inseparably attached, the whole package will be rejected. If, however, any
such should inadvertently be forwarded, the country of destination will collect
double rates of postage according to the Universal Postal Union Convention.

3. No parcel may contain parcels intended for delivery at an address other
than the one borne by the parcel itself. If such enclosed parcels be detected,
they must be sent forward singly, charged with new and distinct parcels-post
rates.

ARTICLE IV.

1. The following rates of postage, shad in all cases be required to be fully
prepaid with postage stamps of the country of origin, viz :

2. For a parcel not exceeding 453 grams (one pound) in weight, sixty cen-
times (twelve cents) J and for each additional 453 grams (one pound), or frac-
tion thereof, sixty centimes (twelve cents).

3. The packages shall be promptly delivered to addressees at the post offices
of address in the country of destination, free of charge for postage ; but the
country of destination may at its option, levy and collect from the addressee
for interior service and delivery a charge not exceeding twenty-five centimes
(five cents) on each single parcel of whatever weight ; and if the weight exceeds
453 grams (one pound), a charge equal to five centimes (one cent) for each 113
grams (four ounces), of weight, or fraction thereof

ARTICLE V.

1. The sender will at the time of mailing the package, receive a receipt of
mailing from the post office where the package is mailed, on a form like "model
one" annexed hereto.

no SALVADOR.

2. The sender of a package may have the same registered by paying the reg-
istration fee required for registered articles in the country of origin.

3. An acknowledgment of the delivery of a registered article shall be returned
to the sender when requested; but either country may require of the sender pre-
payment of a fee therefor not exceeding five cents, (25 centimes).

4. The addressees of registered articles shall be advised of the arrival of a
package addressed to them, by a notice from the post office of destination.

ARTICLE VI.

■ 1. The sender of each package shall make a Customs Declaration, pasted upon
or attached to the package, upon a special Form provided for the purpose (see
"model two" annexed hereto) giving a general description of the parcel, an accu-
rate statement of the contents and value, date of mailing, and the sender's signature
and place of residence, and place of address. The Customs Declaration herein
provided shall be omitted in the country of origin during such period as the
Postmaster General of the country of destination shall request such omission.

2. The packages in question shall be subject in the country of destination to
all customs duties and all customs regulations in force in that country for the
protection of its Customs Revenues; and the customs duties properly charge-
able thereon shall be collected on delivery, in accordance with the customs regu-
lations of the country of destination.

ARTICLE Vll.

Each country shall retain to its own use, the whole of the postages, registra-
tion and delivery fees, it collects on said packages; consequently, this Conven-
tion will give rise to no separate accounts between the two countries.

ARTICLE viii.

1 . The packages shall be considered as a component part of the mails exchanged
direct between the United States of America and the Republic of Salvador, to
be despatched by the country, of origin to the other at its cost and by such means
as it provides, in ordinary mail sacks to be marked " Parcels-Post " and to be
securely sealed with wax or otherwise as may be mutually provided by regula-
tions hereunder.

2. Each country shall return to the despatching office by next mail, all bags
or sacks used in the exchange of parcels.

3. Although articles admitted under this Convention will be transmitted as
aforesaid between the exchange offices, they should be so carefully packed as to

SALVADOR. Ill

be safely transmitted in the open mails of either country, both in going to the
exchange office in the country of origin or to the office of address in the coun-
try of destination.

4. Each despatch of a parcel-post mail must be accompanied by a descriptive
list in duplicate, of all the packages sent, showing distinctly the list number of
each parcel, the name of the sender, the name of the addressee with address of
destination ; and must be enclosed in one of the sacks of such despatch under the
Form of "model three," annexed hereto^

ARTICLE IX.

Exchanges of mails under this Convention from any place in either country
to any place in the other, whether by sea or overland, shall be effected through
the post offices of both countries already designated as Exchange Post offices,
or through such others as may be hereafter agreed upon, under such regular
tions relative to the details of the exchanges, as may be mutually determined to
be essential to the security and expedition of the mails and the protection of
the Customs Revenues.

ARTICLE X.

1. As soon as the mail shall have reached the exchange office of destination,
that office shall check the contents of the mail.

2. In the event of the Parcel-Bill not having been received, a substitute should
at once be prepared.

3. Any errors in the entries on the Parcel-Bill which may be discovered,
shall, after verification by a second officer, be corrected and noted for report to
the despatching office on a Form, "Verification Certificate", which shall be
sent in the special envelope.

4. If a parcel advised on the bill be not received, after the non-receipt has
been verified by a second officer, the entry on the bill should be canceled and
the fact reported at once.

5. Should a parcel be received in a damaged or imperfect condition, full par-
ticulars shall be reported on the same form.

6. If no Verification Certificate or note of error be received, a parcel-mail
shall be considered as duly delivered, having been found on examination correct
in all respects.

ARTICLE XI.

If the packages cannot be delivered as addressed, or if they are refused, they
should be reciprocally returned without charge, directly to the despatching office

112 SALVADOR.

of exchange, at the expiration of thirty days from their receipt at the office of
destination, and the country of origin may collect from the sender for the
return of the parcel, a sum equal to the postage when first mailed.

ARTICLE XII.

The Post Office Department of either of the contracting countries will not
be responsible for the loss or damage of any package, and no indemnity can con-
sequently be claimed by the sender oi* addressee in either country.

ARTICLE XIII.

The Postmaster-General of the United States of America, and the Director-
General of Posts of the Republic of Salvador, may by agreement, exempt on
account of insecurity in the conveyance, or other causes, certain post offices in
either country, from receiving or despatching packages of merchandise as pro-
vided for by this Convention, and shall have authority to jointly make such
further regulations of order and detail, as may be found necessary to carry out
the present Convenrion from time to time; and may by agreement prescribe
conditions for the admission to the mails of any of the articles prohibited by
Article II of this Convention.

ARTICLE XIV.

This Convention shall be ratified by the contracting countries in accordance
with their respective laws, and its ratifications shall be exchanged at the city of
Washington as early as possible. Once ratified, and its ratifications exchanged
it shall take effect, and operations thereunder shall begin on the 1st day of Feb-
ruary 1889, and shall continue in force until terminated by mutual agreement,
but may be annulled at the desire of either Department, upon six months pre-
vious notice given to the other.

Done in duplicate and signed at Washington the twenty-sixth day of Novem-
ber one thousand eight hundred and eighty eight.

[l. s.] (Signed) Don M. Dickinson,

Postmaster General of the United States of America.
(Signed) Santiago Perez Triana,

Vice Consul of the Republic of Salvador.

The foregoing Parcels-Post Convention between the United States of Amer-
ica and the Republic of Salvador, has been negotiated and concluded with my
advice and consent, and is hereby approved and ratified.

SALVADOR.

113

In testimony whereof I have caused the great seal of the United States to be
hereunto affixed.

[Great Seal of U. S.] Benj. Harrison.

By the President :

James G. Blaine,

Secretary of State.
Washington, D. C, June 21, i88q.

National Palace, San Salvador, January 4, i88g.
Having examined the preceding Convention, concluded at New York, on
the 26th day of November 1888, between Don Santiago Perez Triana, duly
authorized thereto by this government, and Don M. Dickinson, Postmaster
General of the United States, for the adoption of a system of exchange of
postal parcels between the two countries; and having found that Senor Triana
has followed the instructions given him for concluding said convention; the
Executive Power agrees to approve the fourteen articles composing the Conven-
tion in question.

El Secretario de Estado en el Despacho de Relaciones Exteriores :
[i- s.] (Signe«l) Delgado.

Bull. 58 8.

Appendix D.

COMMERCIAL ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA AND SALVADOR.

[Concluded December 30, 1891 ; proclaimed December 31, 1891]

By the President of the United States of America.
A PROCLAMATION.

Whereas, pursuant to section 3 of the Act of Congress approved October r,
1890, entitled "An act to reduce the revenue and equalize duties on imports,
and for other purposes," of the Secretary of State of the United States of America
communicated to the Government of Salvador the action of the Congress of the
United States of America, with a view to secure reciprocal trade, in declaring
the articles enumerated in said section 3 to be exempt from duty upon their
importation into the United States of America;

And whereas the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sal-
vador at Washington has communicated to the Secretary of State the fact that,
in reciprocity for the admission into the United States of America free of all
duty of the articles enumerated in section 3 of said Act, the Government of
Salvador will, by due legal enactment as a provisional measure and until a more
complete arrangement may be negotiated and put in operation, admit free of
all duty from and after February 1, 1892, into all the established ports of entry
of Salvador, the articles or merchandise named in- the following schedule, pro-
vided that the same be the product or manufacture of the United States:

schedule

of products arid manufactures which the Republic of Salvador will admit free
of all customs, municipal, and any other kind of duty.

1. Animals for breeding purposes.

2. Corn, rice, barley and rye.
114

SALVADOR.

115

3. Beans.

4. Hay and straw for forage.

5. Fruits, fresh.

6. Preparations of flour in biscuits, crackers not sweetened, macaroni, ver-
micelli, and tallarin.

7. Coal, mineral.

8. Roman cement.

9. Hydraulic lime.

10. Bricks, fire bricks, and crucibles for melting.

11. Marble, dressed, for furniture, statues, fountains, gravestones, and build-
ing purposes.

12. Tar, vegetable and mineral.

13. Guano, and other fertilizers, natural or artificial.

14. Ploughs and all other agricultural tools and implements.

15. Machinery of all kinds, including sewing machines, and separate or extra
parts for the same.

16. Materials of all kinds for the construction and equipment of railroads.

17. Materials of all kinds for the construction and operation of telegraphic
and telephonic lines.

18. Materials of all kinds for lighting by electricity and gas.

19. Materials of all kinds for the construction of wharves.

20. Apparatus for distilling liquors.

21. Wood of all kinds for building, in trunks or pieces, beams, rafters, planks,
boards, shingles, or flooring.

22. Wooden staves, heads and hoops, and barrels and boxes for packing,
mounted or in pieces.

23. Houses of wood or iron, "complete or in parts.

24. Wagons, carts, and carriages of all kinds.

25. Barrels, casks, and tanks of iron for water.

26. Tubes of iron and all other accessories necessary for water supply.

27. Wire, barbed, and staples for fences.

28. Plates of iron for building purposes.

29. Mineral ores.

30. Kettles of iron for making salt.

31. Kettles of iron for making sugar.

32. Moulds for making sugar,

33. Guys for mining purposes.

34. Furnaces and instruments for assaying metals.

35. Scientific instruments.

36. Models of machinery and buildings.

Il6 SALVADOR.

37. Boats, lighters, tackle, anchors, chains, girt lines, sails, and all other articles
for vessels to be used in the ports, lakes, and rivers of the Republic.

38. Printing materials, including presses, type, ink, and all other accessories,

39. Printed books, pamphlets, and newspapers, bound or unbound, maps,
photographs, printed music and paper for music.

40. Paper for printing newspapers.

41. Quicksilver.

42. Lodestone.

43. Hops.

44. Sulphate of quinine.

45. Gold and silver in bars, dust, or coin.

46. Samples of merchandise the duties on which do not exceed one dollar.

It is understood that the packages or coverings in which the articles named in
the foregoing schedule are imported shall be free of duty if they are usual and
proper for the purpose.

And that the Government of Salvador has further stipulated that the laws and
regulations adopted to protect its revenue and prevent fraud in the declarations
and proof that the articles named in the foregoing schedule are the product or
manufacture of the United States of America shall impose no additional charges
on the importer nor undue restrictions on the articles imported.

And whereas the Secretary of State has, by my direction, given assurance to
the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Salvador at Washing-
ton that this action of the Government of Salvador in granting freedom of duties
to the products and manufacturers of the United States of America on their
importation into Salvador, and in stipulating for a more complete reciprocity
arrangement, is accepted as a due reciprocity for the action of Congress as set
forth in section 3 of said act.

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Benjamin Harrison, President of the
United States of America, have caused the above-stated modifications of the
tariff laws of Salvador to be made public for the information of the citizens of
the United States of America.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington, this thirty-first day of December, one thousand
eight hundred and ninety-one, and of the Independence of the United States of
America the one hundred and sixteenth.

[seal.] Benj. Harrison.

By the President :

James G. Blaine, Secretary of State.

Appendix E.

Import Duties of Salvador.

DERECHOS DE IMPORTACION EN SALVADOR.

The following schedules have been arranged alphabetically and include all the
articles specified in the tariff

The valuations expressed in English are calculated on the basis of the official valu-
ation of foreign coins issued by th4 Director of the Mint of the United States October
1, 1891, in which the peso is valued at 72.3 cents United States currency.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Absinthe. (See spirits)

Accordions and concertinas of all

classes and sizes

Acetic acid. (See medicines) . . .

Acid, muriatic. (See medicines).

Acid, nitric. (See medicines) ...

Acid, sulphuric. (See medicines)

Aconite. (See medicines)

Adzes. (See iron)

Aerated waters, artificial. (See
waters)

Aerometers or liquor-gauges

Albums of all sizes and classes . .

Almonds, in the shell. (See foods,
etc)

Alpaca. (See wool)

Alphabets and numerical tables,
bronze. (See bronze)

Alphabets or numbers for mark-
ing, zinc. (See zinc)

Alum. (See medicines)

Duty ijer
pouud. in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.197

.066
.013

.013

.328
.115

.009
.016
.197

.033
.328

.197

.098

.013

ARTICULO DE MERCANClA.

Ajenjo. (ViSase aguardientes) . .
Acordioues 6 concertinas de toda

clase 6 tamano

Acido ac^tico. (V^ase medici-

nas)

Acido muriatico. (V6ase medi-

cinas)

Acido nitrico. (V^ase medici-

nas)

Acido sulfurico. (V^ase medi-

oiuas)

Aconitiua. (V^ase medicinas).

Azuelas. (V6ase hierro)

Aguas espumosas, artificiales.

( Vease aguas)

Aere6metros 6 pesa-licores

Albums de toda clase 6 tamano. .
Almeudras, conctiscara. (Vease

alimentos, etc)

Alpacas. (V6ase laua)

Abecedaries y numeracioues de

brouce. (Vease bronce)

Abecedarios 6 numeraciones

para marcar, de zinc. (V^ase

zinc ) J.

Alumbre. (V6ase medicinas) . .

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
rena.

Pesos.

.60
.20

,04

.04

.04
LOO
.35

.03
.05
.60

.10

LOO

.60

.30
,04

117

ii8

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Ammonia, liquid. (See medi-
cines) ■-

Ammunition, bullets and small
shot. (See lead)

Aniline, of all kinds

Anchors. (See iron)

per 100 pounds. .

Aniseed. (See foods, etc)

Anvils. (See iron)

Augers. (See iron)

Axes. (See iron)

Axles. (See iron)

per 100 pounds . .

Baggage, in excess of 100 kilos
per person, if imported with-
out invoice. (See also free list) .

empty, of flax pure or
mixed. (See flax)

Balls, ivory, for billiards

Balls, stone, wood, or other com-
position, for children's play-
things

Balsam of copaiba. (See medi-
cines) .-

Barley

Baskets, wicker, or other simi^-
lar articles not specified

Bath tub, iron. (See iron)

Batiste. (See flax)

Beads, bugles,' garnets, seed, or
tubular beads of glass or com-
mon metal of all forms and
thicknesses

Beds, feather

Bedspreads, cotton. (See cot-
ton)

Bedspreads, linen. (See flax) . .

Beehives, wooden. (See wood)
per 100 pounds . .

Beer, all kinds

Belladonna. (See medicines) —

Bells, tower, bronze

Belts, cotton. (See cotton)

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.033

.013
.164

.164
.049
.033
.115
.033

.164
.984

.016
2.62

Belts, India rubber,
rubber) ,

(See India

.013

.066
.006

.098

.082
.492

,197

,328

,164

,328

,164
,016
.033

,082
,328

164

ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A.

Amoniaco liquido. (V6ase me-
dicinas)

Municion, balas 6 muuici6n.
(V6ase plomo)

Anilina de toda clase

Anclas. (V6ase hierro)

los 100 kilos..

Ani's. (V6ase alimentos, etc) . .

Yunques. (V6ase hierro)

Barrenos, ( V^ase hierro)

Hachas. (V6ase hierro)

Ejes. (Vease hierro)

los 100 kilos..

Equipajes, son libres los de los
pasajeros hasta el peso de 100
kilogramos por persona, siem-
pre que los efectos sean evi-
dentemeute de su uso per-
sonal. Por exceso sin factura
pagar^ el kilo

Costales, vacios, de lino puro 6
mezclado. (V^ase lino)

Bolas de marfil para billar

Bolas de piedra, madera ti otra
composicion, para juegos de
ninos

B^lsamo de copaiba. (V^ase
medicinas)

Cebada

Canastos de mimbre u otros ar-
tioulos semej antes no denomi-
nados

Bafios de hierro. (V6ase hierro) .

Batista. ( V6ase lino)

Abalorio, cuentas, granate, cha-
quiras 6 canutillo de vidrio,
mostacilla de vidrio 6 metal
ordinario, toda forma ygrueso.

Colchones de plumas

Colchas de algodon. (V6aseal-
god6n)

Colchas de lino. (V6ase lino) . .

Casas para colmena, de madera.
( V6ase madera) .los 100 kilos . .

Cerveza de toda clase

Belladona. (Vease medicinas) .

Campauasparatorres, debrouce.

Fajas de algodon. (V^ase algo-
don) .■

Fajas de caucho. (V6ase cau-
cho)

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
reiia.

Pesos.

SALVADOR.

119

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Belts, leather or patent leather,
for swords, with or without
gilclcd or silver ornaments.

■> (See leather)

Belts, leather, for machinery.

(See leather)

• Belts, silk. (See silk)

Belts, woolen. (See wool)

Bicarbonates of soda andpotassa.
(Sea medicines) ,

Billiard tables, without acces-
sories. (See wood)

Bitters, liquid, stomach

Blacking for shoes of all kinds . ,

Blankets or counterpanes of wool,

pure or mixed. (See wool)

Blinds, wooden. (See wood)

Blocks, wooden, for hatters or

wig-makers. (See wood)

Blondes, silk. (See silk)

Blondes, wool. (See wool)

Bonbons. (See foods)

Bonnets. ( See hats)

Books, blank, with or without

ruling

Book shelves. (See wood)

Boots, India rubber. (See India

rubber)

Boots, leather. (See leather) .. .
Bottles, common. (See glass) ..

Bottles, iron, to contain balsam,

gross weight

Bottle tops or capsules

Boxes, paper. (See paper)

Boxes, wooden, of all shapes, var-
nished or lacquered. (See
wood)

Bracelets, of mother-of-pearl,
ivory, tortoise shell, or silver .

Bracelets, of any other material
not specified

Braids, linen (See flax)

Braids, woolen. (See wool)

Bran or meal

Brandied fruits. (See foods)

Brass. (See bronze and copper).

Bricks of clay, glass, and other

materials

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.492

.098
1.64
.656

.033

.066
.049
.033

.162
.066

.007
1.97
.983
.066
.492

.065
.066

.328
.656
.009

.033
,098

.009

.656

,197
,492
,983
,007
,082

.003

ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA.

Cinturones de cuero 6 de charol
. para sables, con 6 sin guarni-

ciones doradas 6 plateadas.

( Vease cueros)

Fajas de cuero para maquinaria.

(V6ase cueros)

Fajas de seda. (Vease seda) . .
Fajas de laua. (V6ase lana) . .
Bicarbonatos de sosa y potasa.

(V^ase medicinas)

ipillares sin litiles. (Vease ma-

dera)

Amargo Ifquido estomacL 1 ....
Betiin para zapatos, de toda

clase

Frazadas 6 colchas de lana pura

6 mezclada. (V<5ase lana)

Persianas. (Vease madera)

Estacas para sombreros y pelu-

cas. (V^ase madei-a)

Blondas de seda. (Vease seda)
Blondas de lana. (Vease lana)

Confites. (V6asealimentos)

Gorras. (V^ase sombreros)

Libros en bianco rayados 6 sin

rayar

Estantes. (Vease madera)

Botas de caucho. (V^ase cau-

cho)

Botas de cuero. (V^ase cuero)
Botellas comunes. (V^ase vid-

rio)

Botes de hierro destinados para

balsamo, jieso bruto

Cfipsules 6 casquetes para bote-
llas .'

Cajasde carton. (V^ase jiapel).
Cajas de madera de toda forma

eonbarniz6gomalaca. (Vease

madera)

Pulseras de concha-n^car, mar-

fil, carey 6 plata

Pulseras de cualquier otra ma-
teria no denominada

Treucillas de lino. ( V^ase lino) .
Trencillas de lana. ( ViSase lana) .

Acemite 6 salvado

Frutas en aguardiente. (Vease

alimentos)

Laton. (Vease bronce y cobre).
Ladrillo de barro, vidrio y otras

materias

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
rena.

Pesos.

1.50

.30
5.00
2.00

.10

.20
.15

.10

.50
.20

.02
6.00
3.00

.20
1.50

.20
.20

1.00
2.00

.03

.10

.30
.03

.25
2.00

.60
1.50
3.00

.02

.25

.01

120

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE,

Brocades or tissues, woven, em-
broidered, or embossed with
gold, silver, or other metai

Bromides. (See medicines)

Brooms and brushes, of straw or
esparto, all classes

Bronze and copper, bars

Bronze, etc., alphabets and nu-
merical tables, and in other
forms not sjiecified

Bronze and copper boilers for
agricultural use

Bronze, etc., counters as checks
for use on farms, per 100 pounds .

Bronze, and copper nails, tacks,
and brads

Bronze, etc., jewelry, leaf, and in
books

Bronze and copper in pieces,
nickel plated for any purpose. .

Bronze and copper ornaments of
all classes, holders for curtains,
rings, hooks, scales, hinges,
knobs for furniture, furniture
and door locks, padlocks,
cradles, beds, bolts, crosses,
bells, cow bells, chains, spurs,
stirrups, mountings for sad-
dles, statues, hasps, railings,
cages, weights, faucets, door-
knockers, candlesticks, rivets,
screws, doorknobs, wire cloth,
writing utensils, cooking and
domestic utensils

Bronze and copper plates, sheets,
and wire, from 4 millimeters in
diameter downward

Bronze and copper scientific in-
struments

Bronze and copper stills

Brushes, clothing, hair, tooth,

nail, and others similar

Brushes, paint, of every kind. . .
Brushes for shoes, horses, and

other common kinds

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.82
.066

.033
066

.197
.098
.164

.131
.197

.328

197

.115

.033
.164

.197
.197

.049

Brocatos 6 tiznes tejidos, borda-
dos 6 realzados con oro, plata
li otro metal

Bromuros. (V^ase medicinas) . .

Escobas y cepillos de paja 6 es-
parto, de toda clase

Bronce y cobre en barras

Bronce y cobre en abecedarios y
numeraciones y en cualquier
otra forma no especificada

Bronce y cobre en peroles para
la agricultura

Bronce y cobre en fichas para
contraseuas de fincas de agri-
cultura los 100 kilos . .

Bronce y cobre en clavos,
tachuelas 6 puntillas

Bronce y cobre en joyeria, en
hojas y en libretes

Bronce y cobre en piezas niqne-
ladas para cualquier uso

Bronce y cobre, en piezas, como
adornos de toda clase, abraza-
deras para cortinas, argollas,
ganchos, balanzas, bisagras,
botones para mixebles, cerra-
duras para muebles 6 puertas,
candados, cunas, camas, cer-
rojoscruces, campanillas, cas-
cabeles, cadenas, espuelas, es-
tribos para galiipagos, filetes
j)ara sillas de montar, esta-
tuas, fallebas, galerias,j aulas,
pesas, Haves para pipas,
llamadores de puertas, palma-
torias, caudeleros, pasadores,
remaches, tornillos, tiradores
para muebles, tejidos de
alambre y utiles de escritorio,
en piezas 6 para baterlas de
cocina 6 uso dom^sticb

Bronce y cobre manufacturado
en plauchas, Mminas y alam-
bre desde cuatro milimetros de
di^metro, inclusive para abajo .

Bronce y cobre, instrumentos
cientificos

Bronce y cobre en alambiques . .

Cepillos para ropa, cabeza, dien-
tes, Unas y otros semej antes ..

Brochas de cualquiera clase

Cepillos para zapatos, caballos
y otros semej antes ordinarios.

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-

SALVADOR.

121

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Bugles, gold or silver embroidery
wire, thread, andspaugles, che-
nille, imitation sjiangles, etc.,
gilded or plated

Buckles, wrought iron, tinned or
japanned. (See iron)

Buckles of all other classes or

materials

Buckskin. (See leather)

Butter. (See foods)

Buttons, mother-of-pearjj, silk, or
wool

Buttons, plated or gilded

Buttons, all other classes not
specified

Cables or rojies of hemp, and
tarred cordage

Cages for birds, wire

Cambric, linen. (See flax)

Camphor. (See medicines)

Canary seed. (See foods, etc). . .

Candles, stearine

Candles, tallow

Candles, wax

Canes, withhandles of ivory, tor-
toise shell, mother-of-pearl, sil-
ver, or gold, with or without
sword

Canes, of every other sort, with
or without sword

Canvas or Russia duck, of flax,
-pure or mixed. (See flax)

Caps and head dresses for men,
women, and children, of all
kinds not specified . . ^

Capers. (See foods, etc)

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

" Carbolineo avenarius,"

*. per 100 pounds . .

Cards, playing, fine or common..

Cardboard, in articles for domes-
tic use or in any other form not
specified. (See paper)

Cardboard, boxes, or in sheets
for bookbinding, . lithograph-
ing, photographing, and other
industrial uses. (See paper) . .

Cardboard, white, not sized, and
colored for printing purposes.
(See paper)

ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA.

Dollars.

197

,066

.197
.066
.066

.197
,492

,098

.016
,098
,492
,066
.049
.059
.033
.328

1.31
.656
.164

.492
.066

,164
.098

,098

.009
.033

Canutillo, escarche, gusanillo,
bricho, hojuela, lentejuela
falsa, dorada 6 plateada

Derecbos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-
reiia.

Hevillas de hierro forjado esta-
nadas 6 charoladas. (V^ase
hierro)

Hevillas de toda clase 6 materia

Ante. ( Vease cueros)

Manteqiiilla. (V^ase alimen

tos)

Botones de conchn-nacar, seda

6 lana

Botones plateados 6 dorados

Botones de cualquier otra clase

no denomiuada

Cables 6 cuerdas de cdnamo 6

embreados

.1 aulas para pajaros, de alambre.
Cambrayes de lino. (V€ase lino) .
Alcanfor. (Vease medicinas) ..
Alpiste. ( V^ase alimentos, etc) .

Velas de estearina

Velas de sebo

Velas de cera

Bastoues con mangos de marfil,

carej^, concha-n^car, plata ii

oro, con 6 sin estoque

Bastoues de cualquier otra clase,
con 6 sin estoque

Lona 6 Eusias de lino, puro 6
mezclado. (V^a.se lino)

Gorras y cofias para hombres,
mujeres y nifios de toda clase
no especificada

Alcaparras. (V^ase alimentos,
etc)

Carbolineo avenarius,

los 100 kilos.,

Naij)es finos li. ordinarios

Carton, enobjetosdeusodomes-
tico 6 cualquier otra forma no
especificada. (V^asejjapel).

Cart6n,cajas 6 en hojas, para eu-
cuadernaci6n, litografia, foto-
graffa y para otros usos indus-
triales. ( V^ase papel)

Cart6n, bianco, sin cola, y de co-
lores para imprentar. (V6ase
papel)

.60

.20
.60

.20

.60
1.50

.30

.05
.30

1.50
.20
.15
.18
.10

1.00

4.00

2.00
.50

1.50

.20

.50
.30

.30

.03
.10

122

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Cardboard, common. (See paper).

Cardcases, of tortoise shell,
mother-of-pearl, coral, ivory, or
silver

Cardcases, of auy other material
not specified

Carpets, mats, or rugs, woolen.
(See wool)

Carts and wheelbarrows, wooden,
per 100 pounds . .

Cases for instruments, of all kinds
and materials, with or without
contents

Castor oil. (See medicines)

Castors, with or without glass
cruets

Celluloid, in any form

Chains, ivory, tortoise shell, or

mother-of-pearl

Chains, watch guards of every

material not specified

Chalk, for schools or billiards . . .
Chandeliers. (See illuminating

articles)

Chimneys and globes for lamps,

when imported with lamps.

(See illuminating articles)

Chimneys and globes for lamps,
when imported separately, pay
the same as hollow glass

Chloroform. (See medicines) .. .

Cigars

Cigar cases of tortoise shell,
ivory, silver, or mother-of-
pearl. (See purses, etc)

Cigar cases of any other mate-
rial not specified

Cinnamon, of all kinds

Clocks, mantel, and other kinds
not specified

Clocks, tower

Cloth, woolen, cassimere, broad-
cloth, alpaca, challis, cur-
tains, damask, serge, flannel,
"grano de oro," muslin delaine,
merino, and any other fabric
of wool, pure or mixed, not
specified ,

Duty per
poimd in
IJ. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.009

,656
164

,164
,164

,656
,033

.492
,197

,656

,197
,033

,082

,033
,066
,656

656

197
131

,164

.082

.328

ARTtCULO DE MERCANCfA.

Cartdn, ordinairio. (V^ase
papel)

Tarjeteros de carey, concha-na-
car, coral, marfil 6 plata

otra

Tarjetetos de cualquier
materia no denomiuada

Alfombras, tripe 6 mautilloues
de lana. (Vlase lana)

Carros y carretillas de madera,
h)S 100 kilos..

Estuches 6 enseres de toda clase
6 materia, con 6 sin utiles

Aceite de castor. ( V^aee medi-
cinas)

Frasqueros de toda clase, con 6
sin utiles de vidrio

Celuloide en cualquiera forma. .

Cadenas de marfil, carey 6
concha-nacar

Cadenas 6 leontinas de cualqui-
era materia no denomiuada

Yeso para escuelas 6 billares

Arauas. (V6ase articulos de
alumbrado)

Tubos y giobos x^ara lamparas
viniendo con lamparas.
(V6ase articulos de alum-
brado)

Tubos y giobos para Ifimparas,
cuando vengan solos, pa-
gar^n como vidrios huecos

Cloroformo. (Veasemediciuas) .

Puros

Cigarreras de carey, marfil,
plata 6 concha-nacar. (V^ase
porta-monedas, etc)

Cigarreras de cualquier otra
materia no denominada

Canela y caneldn

Relojes de mesa y otros de cual-
quiera otra clase no de-
nominados

Relojes para torres

Tela de lana, como casimire,
pano, alpaca, chqjsly, corti-
nas, damasco, filaila, frauela,
grano de oro, lanilla 6 muse-
lina, merino y otras telas de
lana, pura 6 mezclada, no de-
nominadas

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-

Pesos.
.03
2.00

.50

2.00

.10

1.50
.60

2.00

.60
.10

.25

,25

.10

.20
2.00

2.00

.60
.40

.50
.25

1.00

SALVADOR.

123

AKTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Cloth, cassimere, cassinettes, or
other similar goods of wool,
pure or mixed, with warp of
linen or cotton

Clothing, ready made, cotton, of
all kinds, for men. or women,
i*ot specified. (See cotton)

Clothing, ready made, woolen.
(See wool)

Clothing, ready made, silk. (See
silk)

Cloves. (See foods, etc)

Coaches and carriages, of all
kinds, and all their parts

Cocoa. (See foods)

Cocoanut oil

Cocaine. (See medicines)

Codfish, dried, salted, or smoked.
(See foods)

Cod liver oil, pure or in emul-
sions. (See medicines)

Cognac

Collars and cuflfs, linen, j»ure or
mixed. (See flax)

Cologne

Combs, of all kinds, of mother-of-
pearl, ivory, or tortoise shell. .

Comhs,etc., of any othermaterial.

Concertinas of all classes and

sizes. (See accordions)

Coral, manufactured in any shape

Coral, unmanufactured

Cordage of all kinds

Cordials. (See spirits)

Coriander seed. (See foods, etc) . .

Corks, of all kinds

Corkscrews, of all kinds not
specified

Cornstarch (maizena). (See
foods)

Corsets, bustles, crinolines, and
other similar articles

Cotton, raw

Cotton bedspreads, towels, ''pe-
rrajes," ponchos, serapes, ham-
mocks, napkins, tablecloths,
and material for the same

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.328

.656

.98

1.97
.049

.066

.033
.026
.328

.049

.033
.197

.492
.098

.656

.197

.066
2.30

1.64
.066
.197

.049
.197

.115

.013

.492
.007

164

ARTlCTJLO DE MEBCANCf A.

Pano, casimir, casinetes y otros
g^neros semej antes de lana
pura 6 mezclada con cada de
lino 6 algodon

Eopa hecha de algodon, de toda
clase, para hombre 6mujer, no
especificada. (Vease algodon)

Eopa hecha de lana. (V^ase
lana)

Eopa hecha de seda. (V6ase
seda)

Clavos de olor. (V^asealimen-
tos)

Coches 6 carruajes de toda
clase 6 cualquiera parte de
ellos

Cacao. (V^ase alimentos)

Aceite de coco

Cocaina. (V^ase medicinas) ..

Bacalao, secado, salado 6 ahu-
mado. (V6ase alimentos) . . .

Aceite de bacalao puro 6 emul-
sianado. (V6ase medicinas) .

Cognac

Cuellos y punos, de lino puro 6
mezclado. (V^ase lino)

Agua de colonia

Peiues, peinetas, peinetillas y
escarmenadoresde concha-n^-
car, marfil 6 carey

Peines, los mismos, de cualquier
otra clase

Concertinas de toda clase 6
tamano. (V^ase acordiones)

Coral labrado en cualquiera
forma

Coral en bruto

Jarcia de toda clase

Mixtelas, cremas. (V^ase agu-
ardientes)

Culantro. (V6ase alimentos) .

Corchos de toda clase

Tirabuzones de clases no espeoi-
ficadas

Maicena. (V^ase alimentos.) . .

Corses, polisones, crinolinas y
otros postizos semejantes

Algod6n en rama

Algod6n en colchas, tohallas, pe-
rrajes, ponchos, zarapes, ha-
macas, servilletas, manteles y
en g^nero para ^stos

Derechos
per kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
reSa.

1.00

2.00

3.00

6.00

.15

.20

.10

.08

1.00

.15

.10
.60

1.50
.30

2.00

.60

.20

7.00

5.00

.20

.60
.15
.60

.35

.04

1.50
.02

.50

124

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Cotton cloths, bleached, plain,
without sewing, work, or em-
broidery of any kind, as ma-
dapollans, bogotanas, calico,
family cloth, croidon, "estri-
billas," canvas, embroidering
canvas, creas, and other simi-
lar goods

Cotton cloths, unbleached, such
as "manta and manta dril". ..

Cotton, drills of all classes, such
as piqu6, canton, manta-dril,
bleached or colored, and simi-
lar goods

Cotton, handkerchiefs and
shawls of all kinds

Cotton, laces, embroidered edg-
ings, and insertions

Cotton match ropes for smokers . .

Cotton, "rebozos" and cloth for
the same, in imitation of cloth
of the country

Cotton, sandies, cretous of all
classes, plain or worked, and
all other similar cloths

Cotton, shirts, with bosoms and
cuffs of linen

Cotton, stockings, socks, shirts,
undershirts, drawers, and in
general all kinds of under-
wear, without embroidery or
lace of any kind

Cotton, tapes, plain or twilled,
white or colored, for shoe-
makers and harness-makers,
and " Castile tape"

Cc+ton, tapes, braids, fringes,
galloons, cords, belts, sashes,
garters, and in general all
classes of ornaments and man-
ufactured articles not men-
tioned

Cotton thread for sewing or em-
broidering, all classes and col-
ors

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency

Dollars.

.148
,098

,197

,226

,82
,262

,82

,197

,328

,262
,164

,328
,164

ARTfCULO OF MERCANCIA.

Algoddn en telas blanqueadas,
lisas, sin costura, labrado ni
bordado alguno, como las co-
nocidas con los nombres dema-
dapollan, bogotana, called,
genero de familia, croid6n,
estribillas, lonas, canamazo
para borclar, creas y otras
semejantes

Algod6n en telas crudas, como
manta y manta-dril

Algodon en driles de toda clase,
en panilla, cantuna, manta-
dril, blanqueada 6 color, y
otros semejantes

Algodon en jjanuelos y panolo-
nes de toda clase

Algodon en encajes, tiras bor-
dadas y embutidos

Algod6n en 3nechas de algoddn
para fumadores

Algod.6n en rebozos y telas para
rebozos, imitando los del pais .

Algoddn en s^ndalo, zarazas de
toda clase, lisos 6 labrados y
dem^s telas semejantes

Algod6n en camisas con pechera
y puiios de lino

Algod6n en medias y calcetines,
en camisas, camisetas, calzon-
cillos y en general toda clase
de ropa interior sin encaje ni
bordado alguno

Algodon en cintas lisas 6 asarga-
das, blancas 6 de color, para
zapaterias y talabarterias, y
en cinta llamada "de Cas-
tilla"

Algoddn en cintas, trencillas,
flecos, galones, cordones, fa-
jas, cinturones, ataderas y en
general toda clase de adornos
y objetos fabricados no men-
cionados

Algod6n en hilo para coser 6
bordar de toda clase y color. .

SALVADOR.

125

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Cotton velvet, white or colored
cloths, without needlework or
enibroidery of any kind, as
cambrics, gauze, lace, bishop's
lawn, holland, muslin, and

other similar goods

•

Cotton yarns, colored, for weav-
ing

Cotton yarn, bleached or un-
bleached, for weaving and in
cords

Cotton-seed oil

Crayon for drawing

Cream of tartar. (See medicines)

Crockery, pieces for domestic
purposes and other forms not
exijressed. By crockery is un-
derstood ware that is not trans-
parent

Crockery, toys, flowers, or statu-
ettes

Crosses and crucifixes, of mate-

» rial not specified

Cuff-buttons or sets of buttons,
silver, tortoise shell, ivory, or
mother-of-pearl

Cuff-buttons, or sets of buttons
of any other material not speci-
fied

Curry powder. (See foods, etc).

Cumin. (See foods, etc)

Daggers. (See iron)

Daggers, with leather scab-
bards. (See iron)

Daggers, with ivory, tortoise
shell, silver, or mother-of-pearl
handle

Damask, linen. (See flax)

Damask, silk. (See silk)

Damask, woolen. (See wool)

Dates. (See foods)

Diamonds and other precious
stones. (See jewelry)

Diamonds, mounted for cutting
glass

Distilling apparatus of all kinds.
(See filters)

Doors, wooden. (See wood)

Drawing, copies. (See paper)...

Duty per
pound in
U.S. cur-
rency.

ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A.

Dollars.

,328

,033

,016
.026
,197
.066

.026
.098
.197

.656

.262
.066
.049
.066

.131

.656
.328
1.64
.328
.066

3.28

.656

.003
.016

.016

Algod6n en pana, telas blancas
6 de color, sin costuranibor-
dada alguno, como cambray
clarin, gasas, punto, cambray
de obispo, holan, muselina,
cambray pirujo y otros seme-
jantes

Algodon en hilo de color para
tej er

Algoddn en hilo crudo 6
blanqueado para tejer y en
cordelas

Aceite de algod6n

Carboncillo para dibujo

Cremor. (V^ase medicinas) . . .

Loza fabricada en piezas de ser-
vicio dom^stico y en otras for-
mas no expresadas. Enti6n-
dasepor la loza la que no sea
trasparente

Loza en juguetes, flores 6 figu-
ras

Cruces 6 crucifijos de materias
no denominadas

Mancuernillas 6 juegos de bo-
tones de plata, carey, marfil 6
concha-nacar

Mancuernillas 6 los mismos de
cualquier otra materia no de-
nominada

Curri6. (V^ase alimentos) ....

Comino. (V6ase alimentos) . . .

Dagas. (V^ase hierro)

Dagas, con vainas de cuero.
(V^ase hierro)

Dagas, con mango de marfil,
carey, plata 6 concha-n^car. .

Damasco de lino . ( V^ase lino ) .
Damasco de seda. (V^ase seda)
Damasco de lana. (V6ase lana)
D^tiles. (V^ase alimentos) ...
Diamantes y dem^s piedras pre-

ciosas. (V^ase joyeria)

Diamantes montados para cor-

tar vidrios

Destiladera de toda clase.

(V6ase filtros)

Puertas de madera. ( V^ase ma-

dera)

Modelos para dibujo. (Vease

papel)

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-
reiia.

1.00
.10

.05
.08
.60
.20

.08
.30
.60

2.00

.80
.20
.15
.20

.40

2.00

1.00

5.00

1.00

.20

10.00

2.00

.01

.05

126

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE.

Drills, crude, white or colored.

(See flax)

Drugs. (See medicines.)
Elastic, of every kind, for shoes

or other purposes -

Emery powder, for polishing and

other uses

Envelopes. (See paper)

Epaulets, gold or gilded

Epaulets, silver or silver plated. .

Epsom salts. (See medicines) .. .

Essences for flavoring spirits

Eyelets for clothing, shoes, and
other uses

Fans, with frame of ivory,
mother-of-pearl, metal, or tor-
toise shell

Fans, paper or palm

Fans, everv other class not speci-
fied.....'

Feathers, of all kinds, for orna-
ments

Feather dusters of all kinds

Figs. (See foods)

Filters, distilling apparatus of all
kinds

Firecrackers (Chinese) and fire-
works

Fish, dried, salted, or smoked...

Fish, prepared in vessels of tin,
glass, or earthenware. (See
foods)

Flannel. (See wool)

Flasks, glass, plain. (See glass) .

Flax (linen), pure or mixed, can-
vas or Russia duck

Flax, pure or mixed, crude drills,
white or colored

Flax, pure or mixed, fine dress
goods, such as Irish linens, cam-
brics, batistes, and all other
materialfor dresses and other
uses, handkerchiefs, under-
shirts, drawers, stockings,

Duty per
pound in
TT. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.164

.164

.033
.065

1.64
.656
.013

3.28

.197

1.31
.098

.656

1.64
.262

.066

.003

.197
.049

.066
.328
.009

.164
.164

AETfCULO DE MEKCANClA.

Driles, crudos, blancos 6 de

color. (V^ase lino)

Drogas. (V^ase medicinas.)
EMstico de toda clase para cal-

zado u otros usos

Esmeril en polvo para plateros

il otros usos

Cubiertos 6 sobres para cartas.

(V^ase papel) i

Charreteras de oro 6 sobre-dora-

das ".

Charreteras de plata 6 platea-

das

Sal de Ingleterra. (V6ase medi-

cinas)

Esencias para confeccionar

aguardientes

Ojetes de metal para ropa, cal-

zado y otros usos

Abanicos, con armazon de mar-

fil, concha-n^car, metal, carey

Abanicos, de papel 6 palma

Abanicos, de cualquier otra

clase no denominada

Plumas de toda clase para ador-

nos

Plumeros para sacudir, de toda

clase ■

Higos. (V^ase alimentos). .. .
Filtros, destiladera de toda clase

Cohetillos chinos y fuegos arti-
ficial es

Pescados, secados, salados 6
ahumados. (V6ase alimentos)

Pescados, preparados en botes
de lata,vidrio 6 barro. ( V^ase
alimentos) —

Franela. ( Vease lana)

Frascos de vidrio liso. (V^ase
vidrio)

Lino, puro 6 mezclado en lonas
6 rusias

Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en driles
crudos, blancos 6 de color —

Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en telas
finas, como Irlandas, cam-
brayes, batistas y toda otra
tela para vestidos u otros usos,
panuelos, camisetas, calzon-
cillos, medias, calcetines (es-

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
raoneda
Salvado-

SALVADOR.

127

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

socks, cuffs, coUai'S, men's
shirts, and other similar' arti-
cles not sj)ecified

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed,
laces, embroidered edgings,
and insertings

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed,
nankeens

Flax, pure or mixed, plain or
worked goods, white or colored
(except crude drills), such as
crash, silesia, damask, or other
goods for tablecloths, towels,
bedspreads, sheetings, mattress
covers, and for other similar
purposes not specified, without
any needlework or embroidery

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed,
ready-made clothing, and all
classes of articles orobjectsnot
specified

Flax or hemp, ropes, cables, or
tarred cordage

Flax, pure or mixed, sacks, bags
(empty) ; in canyas, tarred or
not, and hemp thread, not
twisted, for sewing bags ,

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed,
tapes, braids, fringes, and other
similar articles not specified . .

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed,
sewing thread

Flax, or thread of agaye,
twisted

Florida water

Floiir. (See foods)

Flowers, artificial, of cotton, or
any other material not speci-
fied

Flowers, artificial, prepared ma-
terial of all kinds for, not speci-
fied

Food, bonbons, pastilles, choco-
late, and other sweetmeats

Food, bi-andied fruits

Foods, cinnamon of all kinds .

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.492

.984
.164

,328

.82
.016

.016

.492

.262

.066
.098
.013

1.64

.328

.066
.082
.131

ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A.

carpines), punos y cuellos,
camisas para hombre y otros
semej antes no expresados

Lino 6 canamo, puro 6 mezcla-
do, en encajes, tiras bordadas
y embutidos

Lino 6 canamo, puro 6 mezcla-
do, en coletas

Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en telas
lisas 6 labradas, blancas 6 de
color (exceptu^ndose los driles
crudos), como las creas, pla-
tillas, alemanisco, 6 sea g^-
nero para manteles, tohallas,
cobertores para cama, g^nero
para siibanas y para forros de
colchdn y los dem^s semej an-
tes no expresados, sin costura
ni bordado alguno

Lino 6 c^uamo, puro 6 mezclado,
eu ropa hecha y en toda clase
de utiles u objetos no denoml-
nados

Lino 6 c^uomo,encuerdas, cables
6 embreados

Lino puro 6 mezclado en sacos,
costales vacios, en canamo 6
canamazo, embreados 6 sin
embrear y en hilo de canamo
sin torcer, para coser sacos.. . . .

Lino 6 c^iiamo, puro 6 mezclado,
en cintas, trencilla, flecos y
dem^s semej antes no especifi-
cados

Lino 6 canamo puro 6 mezclado
en hilos para coser

Lino, 6 pita de canamo torcida.

Agua de florida

Harina. (V6ase alimentos)

Flores artificiales, de algoddn
6 de cualquier otra materia
no denomiuada

Flores artificiales (material pre-
pardo para), de toda clase no
denominada

Alimentos, confites, pastil! as,
chocolate y otros dulces

Alimentos, frutas en aguardiente

Alimentos, canela y canel6n

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-

Pesos.

1.50

3.00
.50

LOO

2.50
.05

.05

1.50

.80
.20

.30
.04

5.00

1.00

.20
.25
.40

128

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Foods, common salt

Foods and condiments, fresh
fruits, onions, beans, pulse, leu-
tils, potatoes, and all kinds of
vegetables in their natural
state without preparation

Foods, corn starch, vermicelli,
and macaroni

Foods, flour, vinegar

Foods, herrings, cod, and other
fish, not further prepared
■ than dried, salted, or smoked,
and meats of all kinds not con-
tained in vessels of glass, tin,
or other material

Foods, lavender, canary seed,
aniseed, cloves, cumin, corian-
der seed, and pepper

Foods, mustard, poAvdered, nut-
megs, and tea

Foods, olives, capers, pick-
les, mustard prepared, curry,
sauces of all kinds, vegetables,
truffles, butter, fish, and meat
of all kinds prepared in vessels
of tin, glass, earthenware or
canvas covered ; dried fruits,
shelled, raisins, figs, prunes,
and dates; fruits preserved
in water and syrup ; biscuits of
all kinds, dry and sweet; cheese
of all kinds ; sugar

Foods, saffron, edible

Foods, sago, tapioca, and other
flours and alimentary pastes;
cocoa ; syrups without alcohol ;
fruits with shells, such as
almonds, filberts, nuts, and
others similar, and lard

Foods, wheat, oats, barley, and
all other cereals not speci-
fied

Fountains or fonts, iron. (See
iron)

Fountains, iron, japanned. (See
iron)

Fountains, marble. (See marble)

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.006

.006

.013
.013

.049

.049
.098

.066

.984

.033

.006

,026

.131
.007

ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA.

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-

Alimentos, sal comiin

Alimentos y condimentos, frutas
frescas, cebollas, habas, gar-
banzos, lentej as, papas y toda
legumbre en estado natural sin
preparar

Alimentos, maicena, fideos y
macarrones

Alimentos, harina, vinagre

Alimentos y condimentos, areu-
ques, bacalao u otros pesca-
dos, sin m^s preparaciou que
secados, salados 6 ahimiados,
y carnes de toda clase no con-
tenidas en botes de vidrio,
lata 6 de otra materia

Alimentos, alhucema, alpiste,
anis, clavo de olor, comino,
culantro y pimienta

Alimentos, mostaza en polvo,
nuez-moscada y t6

Alimentos, aceitunas, alcapa-
rras, encurtidos, mostaza pre-
parada, curri^, salsas de to-
da clase, legumbres, trufas,
mantequilla, pescados y carnes
de toda clase, preparados en
botes de lata, vidrio, barro 6
brin ; frutas secas sin c^scara,
pasas, higos, ciruelas, diitiles ;
frutas conservadas en agua y
almibar; galletas de toda
clase, secas y dulces; quesos
de toda clase ; azucar

Azafr^n de comer

Alimentos, sagii, tapioca y
dem^s hariuas y pastas ali-
menticias; cacao; jarabessin
alcohol, frutas con c^scara,
como almendras, avellanas,
nueces y otras semej antes;
manteca de puerco

Alimentos, trigo, avena, cebada
y dem^s cereales no deno-
minados

Fuentesopilasdehierro. (V6ase
hierro) -

Fueutes de hierro, charolado.
( V^ase hierro)

Fuentesdem^rmol. (V^asemar-
mol)

SALVADOR.

129

AETICLE OF MERCHAlfDISE.

Forks. (See knives)

Fringes, cotton. (See cotton) . .

Fringes, silk. (See silk)

Fringes, woolen. (See wool) . . .
Fruits, branclied. (See foods).

Fruits, dried,sliellecl. (See foods)

Fruits with shells, such as al-
monds,iilberts,uuts and others.
(See foods)

Fruits, fresh. (See foods)

Fruits, preserved in water and

syrup. (See foods)

Furnaces, assaying. (See iron) . .

Furniture, bronze or brass. (See

bronze)

Furniture, iron. (See iron)

Furniture, wooden, of all kinds.

(See wood)

Galloons or threads of silver or

gold

Galloons, cotton. (See cotton). .

Galvanized or tinned iron for
roofs. (See iron)

Garters, cotton. (See cotton)

Garters, silk. (See silk)

Gasoline. (See oil)

Gasometers and illuuiinatiug ap-
paratus, excluding lamps. (See
iron) per 100 pounds. .

Gauzes, cotton. (See cotton)

Gauzes, with silver and tinsel
thread

Gin. (See spirits)

Ginger ale

Girdles, silk. (See silk)

Glass and glassware, common
bottles, plain flasks, large bot-
tles and demijohns, empty

Glass, etc., hollowed glassware,
in vases, tumblers, cuj)S, gob-
lets, tubes, flower shades,
plates, and all other articles of
glass not specified

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.328

1.97
.983
.085

.066

,033
,006

,066
,164

,197
,033

,066

.82

,328

,164
,328

,984
,026

,164
,328

,098
,197
,009
,984

,009

,033

ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A.

Tenedores. (V^ase cuchillos)..
Franjas dealgoddu. (V6aseal-

god6n)

Franjas de seda. (Vc^ase seda) . .
Franjas de lana. (V(5ase lana) . .
Frutas en aguardiente. (V^ase

alimentos)

Frutas secas, sin c^scara. ( V^ase

alimentos)

Frvitas con c^scara, como al-

mendras, avellanas, nueces y

otras. (V^ase alimentos)

Frutas frescas. (Vease alimen-
tos)

Frutas conservadas en agua y

almibar. (V6ase alimentos) . .
Hornillasparaensayos. (Vease

hierro)

Muebles de bronce 6 laton.

(Vdase bronce)

Muebles de hierro. (V6ase

hierro)

Muebles de madera de toda clase.

(Vease madera)

Galones 6 hilos de plata u oro . . .

Galones de algodon. (Vease al-
godon)

Hierro gah^anizado 6 estauado
para techos

Ataderas de algodon. (Vease
algodon)

Ataderas de seda. (Vease seda) .

Gasolina. (V^ase aceite)

Gasdmetros y aparatos de alum-
brado, excluyendo las Mmpa-
ras. (V6asehierro)losl00 kilos.

Gasas de algod6n. (Vease algo-
don)

Gasas abrillantadas, con tejidos
de plata u oro falso

Ginebra. (Vease aguardientes) .

Cerveza de jengibre

Cinturonesdeseda. (Vease seda)

Vidrio y cristaleria, botellas
comunes, frascos de vidrio
liso, botellones 6 damajuanas
vacios

Vidrio y cristaleria, cristal 6
vidrio hueco, en vasos, copas,
garrafas, tubos, fl o r e r o s ,
platos y todo articulo de
solo vidio 6 cristal, no de-
nominado

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
rena.

Pesos.

1.00
6.00
3.00

.25

.20

.10

.02

.20

.50

.60

.10

.20
2.50

1.00

.50

1.00

3.00

.08

.50
1.00

.30

.60

.03

3.00

.03

.10

Bull. 58-

130

SALVADOR.

AETICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Glass, lamps, etc. (See illumi-
nating articles.)

Glass, ftc, mirrors, witli or with-
out frames, toys, buttons

Glass, etc., tiles, plate glass,
white and colored, without
painting or silvering

Glass, etc., watch crystals

Glasses, cupping. (See medi-
cines)

Glasses, opera and field, mounted
in silver, tortoise shell, mother
of pearl, or ivory

Glasses, opera and field, mounted
in any other material

Gloves, buckskin, and gauntlets,
for fencing. (See leather) .

Gloves, kid, and other kinds of

fine gloves. (See leather)

Gloves, woolen. (See wool)

Glue, of all kinds

Gold, jewelry .'

Gold leaf, for gilding

Gum arable. (See medicines) . . ,
Guns, breech-loading

Guns, muzzle-loading, of all
kinds, with or without appur-
tenances

Grains not specified

Gypsum, calcined, in powder

Hair, horse, loose or in pillows,
mattresses, cloth for furniture,
and in any other form not spec-
ified

Hair, human, genuine or imita-
tion, manufactured or not

Hairpins. (See pins, etc)

Hammers. (See tools)

Hammocks, cotton. (See cotton) .

Handkerchiefs, cotton. (See cot-
ton)

Handkerchiefs, linen. (Seeflax).
Handkerchiefs, silk. (See silk) . .

Duty per
pouiid in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.098

.016
.328

.066

1.31
.656

.328

.82
.656
.033
3.28
2.62

.066

.656

.328
.006
.006

.098

3.28
.197

,164

.226
.492
1.64

AETlCTJLO DE MEECANClA.

Vidrio en articulos de alumbra-
do. ( V^ase esta palabra. )

Vidrio, espejos con 6 sin mar-
cos, juguetes, botones

Vidrio, etc., tejas de vidrio,
vidrios pianos, blancos y de
color sin pintura ni esta no

Vidrio para reloj es

Ventosas. (V^ase medicinas) . . .

Anteojos para teatro 6 de larga
vista, guarnicion de plata,
carey, concha-niicar 6 marfil..

Anteojos para teatro 6 de larga
vista, con guarnici6n de cual-
quier otra materia

Guantes de ante y manoplas para
juegos de florete. (V^ase
cueros)

Guantes de cabritilla y otras
clases finos. ( V6ase cueros) . .

Guantes de lana. (Vease lana) .

Cola de toda clase

Oroen joyas

Oro manufacturdo en hojas para
dorar

Goma ar^biga. (Vease medi-
cinas)

Escopetas de cargar por la recii-
mara

Escopetas de piston de toda
clase, con 6 sin utiles

Cereales no mencionados

Yeso calcinado en polvo

Cerdas 6 crines sneltas 6 en al-

mohadas, colchones, telas,

para muebles y en cualquier

otra forma no denominada

Cabello 6 pelo humauo 6 de imi-

tacidn eu bruto 6 en adoruo ..
Horquillas. (V6ase alfileres,

etc)

Martillos. (Vease herramien-

tas)

Hamacas de algod<5n. (V6ase

algodon)

Pauuelos de algond6n. (V^ase

algod6n)

Pauuelos de lino. (V^ase lino) . .
Paiiuelos de seda. (V6ase seda) .

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-

SALVADOR.

131

AKTICLE OF MEECHASTDISB.

Duty per
pound in
TJ. S. cur-
rency.

ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA.

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
reiia.

Harnesses. (See leather)

Hats, esparto grass, for ladies
and children, with or without

Dollars.
.229

.492
1.64

.492

.492
.115

.033

.197
.115

.164

.164
.066

.082
.033

.082

.098
.033

.164

.026

.197

.328
.164

Ameses. (V^asecueroj

Sombreros de esparteria, para
senoras 6 niiios, con 6 sin
adornos

Pesos.
.70

1.50

Hats, Panama and palm

Sombreros de junco y jipijapa..

Sombreros 6 gorras para senoras
6 ninos de cualquier otra
clase no denominada

Sombreros y gorras 6 cofias de
cualquiera clase no denomi-
nada, para hombres y ninos ..

Hachuelas. (V6ase hierro)

Ccinamo. (V^ase lino)

5.00

Hats, bonnets, or caps for ladies
or children, of any other kind
not specified

1.50

Hats, caps, and headdresses of all
kinds not specified, for men
and children

1.50

Hatchets. (See iron)

.35

Henbane. (See medicines)

Hooks and eyes and clasps of
wire of every kind

Beleno. (V^ase medicinas)

Broches 6 corchetes de alambre
de cualquiera clase

.10
,60

Hooks, fish. (See iron)

Hoops, wooden, and hoop poles.
(See wood) . . .per 100 pounds. -

Anzuelos. (V^ase hierro)

Arcos de madera y flejes j)ara
bariles. (V^ase madera)
los 100 kilos. .

.35
.50

Houses, iron, portable. (See

iron) per 100 jiounds. .

Hydrometers

Casas desarmadas de hierro.

( V6ase hierro) . .los 100 kilos . .

Pesa-licores

.50
.05

Illuminating articles, chande-
liers, lanterns, lamps of glass,
crystal, porcelain, etc., chim-
neys, globes, shades, when im-
ported with lamps

Alumbrado (articulos de), ara-
nas, faroles y Mmparas de vid-
rio, cristal, porcelana, etc.,
tubos, globos, pantallas, vi-
niendo con l^mparas

.25

Illuminating articles, chimneys
and globes for lamias, when im-
ported separately, pay the same
as hollow glassware

Alumbrado (articulos de), los
tubos y globos jsara Mmparas,
cuando vengan solos, pagar^n
como vidrios huecos

.10

Illuminating articles, holders,
brackets, bottoms, stands,
burners, and other accessories
for lamps, not otherwise speci-
fied

Alumbrado (articulos de), re-
cipieutes, depositos, brazos,
arcos, quemadores y todo ac-
cesorio para lamparas, no de-
nominado . . .

.25

Illuminating articles, cotton and
wicks for lamps

Alumbrado (articulos de), pa-
bilo y mechas para Mmparas . .

Figuras y munecas de toda clase
y materia no denominada

Caucho en bruto

.25

Images and dolls of all kinds and

materials not specified

India rubber, unmanufactured

.30
.10

India-rubber belts or pieces for
machinery per 100 pounds . .

India-rubber covers for floors
and wagons

Caucho en fajas 6 piezas para
maquinarias los 100 kilos . .

Caucho para pisos y toldos de
carreta

.50

.08

India-rubber articles not speci-
fied

Caucho manufacturado en ob-
jetos no especificados

Caucho en capas, zapatos, botas
y otros semej antes de toda
clase

.60

India rubber, waterproof coats,
shoes, boots, and other similar
articles of every kind

1.00

India rubber, valve packing,
per 100 pounds . .

Caucho jiara empaques de vfil-
i vulas los 100 kilos . .

.50

132

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

India rubber, waterproof for ta-
ble covers and. other purposes ,
Inlc, for printing or lithf>grapb-

iQg --.

Inlc, for writing or marking

Inkstands, wooden. (See wood).

Instruments, musical, such as
pianos, organs, etc

Instruments, musical, of any
other class, not specified

Instruments, scientific, not speci-
fied

Instruments, surgical, with or
without case. (See iron)

Iron articles, such as adzes,
braces, bits, augers, gimlets,
drills, chisels, gouges, trowels,
jackplanes, planes, channeling
planes, haminers, screwdrivers,
squares, plumbs, compasses,
and all other fine tools, with or
without wooden handles, for
artisans

Iron articles, such as kettles, an-
vils, hand vises, hammers, and
pinchers for blacksmiths, por-
table forges, bottle-carriers,
traps for moles and rats, rivets,
stone-hammers, spikes, and all
other tools and implements of
this kind not specified

Duty per

pound ill

IT. S. CUT -

rency.

ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA.

Iron gratings

Iron, bits for animals, spurs, stir-
rups, thimbles, links, steels,
hatchets, fishhooks, wrenches,
corkscrews, and all other ob-
jects of this kind not specified.

Iron, cast, cookstoves, cooking
ntensils, fountains or fonts,
flower and plant vases, ovens,
portable stoves, mortars, hand
mills for coffee and other uses,
letter presses, platform scales,
balances, hand tools, statues,

Dollars.

.131

.003
.033
.082

•

.066
.131

.328
.328

,115

.033
.026

.115

Caucho en ahulados 6 encerados

para carpetas li otros usos

Tinta para imprenta 6 litografia.

Tinta para escribir 6 marcar . . .

Tinteros de madera. (Vease

madera)

Instrumentos de miisica, como
pianos, drganos, etc

Instrumentos de miisica de
cualquier otra clase no de-
nominada

Instrumentos cientificos no de-
nominados

Instrumentos de cirugia, con 6
sin estuche ( Vease hierro) . . .

Hierro en piezas, como azuelas,
berbiques, brocas, barrenos,
taladros, tarrajas, escoplos,
formones, gurvias, trullas, (6
sean cucharas de albanil), gar-
lopas, garlopiiies, cepillos,
guiamenes, acanaladores,
martillos, destornilladores,
escuadras, plomadas, com-
pases y demas herraiuientas
finas, con 6 sin mango de uia-
dera, para artesanos

Hierro en piezas, como peroles,
yunques, eiitanallas, mazos y
pinzas para herreros, fraguas
portatiles, porta -botellas,
tranqias para topos 6 ratas,
remaches, martillos para rom-
per piedra, periios y demits
herramieiitas y utiles por el
estilo, no denominados

Hierro en verjas

Hierro en piezas, como frenos
para bestias, espuelas, estri-
boss, para gaMpagos, dedales,
eslabones, afiladoras, hachue-
las, anzuelos. Haves maestras,
tirabuzoiies y demas objetos
por el estilo, no especificados .

Hierro fundido en piezas, como
cocinas, baterias de cocina,
fuentes 6 pilas, vasos para
flores 6 plantas, hornillas,
anafes, alinireces, molinos
para caf6 u otros usos, jiren-
sas para cartas, romanas de

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moiieda
Salvado-
rena.

SALVADOR.

133

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

tailors' irons, and other similar
objects

Iron, cast, enameled, in articles
for domestic and other uses

Iron, bars, plates, and sheets

Iron, cast, sadirons and weights.

Iron, cooking utensils

Iron, japanned, manufactured in
articles such as waiters, su-
gar bowls, trays, cash boxes,
basins, water pipes, table cas-
ters, fountains, fruit stands,
watering pots, and all other
objects for domestic and other
uses

Iron, knives, daggers, or pon-
iards, with ivory, tortoise
shell, silver, or mother of pearl
handle

Iron, machetes, daggers, knives,
and poniards

Iron, the same, with leather
scabbards

Iron, mattocks, shovels, rakes,
picks, bars, crowbars, sickles,
hatchets, pruning knives,
axes, plow points, and all other
ordinary implements of this
kind

Iron, nails, tacks, and brads of
all kinds

Iron, cradles, beds, cots, camp
stools, sofas, and other arti-
cles of furniture

Iron, locks for doors, windows,
or furniture, padlocks, rings,
bolts, hasjis, door knockers
and furniture knobs, hinges,
screws, and other iron arti-
cles for windows, doors, and
furniture

Iron, the same, of any other class
not specified ,

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.026

.039
.013
.016
.066

,131

,656
,066

,131

,033
,033
,033

,098
,098

ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA.

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
rena.

plata-forma, balanzas, m a-
quinitas de mano, estatuas,
planchas para sastre y demas
objetos por estilo ,

Hierro fuudido, esmaltado, ma-
nufacturado en piezas para uso
dom6stico y otros usos

Ilierro en barras, Mmiuas, jilan-
chas 6 planchuelas

Hierro en planchas para plan-
chadores y pesas

Hierro en utiles para bateria de
cocina

Hierro charolado, manufactu-
rado en piezas, como azafates,
azucareros, cauastillas, caji-
tas para valores y otros usos,
agua-maniles, tubos para
agua, talleres de mesa, fu-
entes, fruteros, regaderas y
demas objetospara uso dom6s-
tico y otros usos

Hierro, cuchillos, dagas 6 pu-
nales, con mango de marfil,
carey, j)lata 6 concha-niicar . .

Hierro mauufacturado en ma-
chetes, dagas, cuchillos y
punales

Hierro,lo8 mismos,con vainas de
cuero

Hierro manufacturado en piezas
como azadones, palas, ras-
trillos, picas, piochas, ma-
canas, barretas, hoces, poda-
doras, hachas, puntas para
arador y demas herramientas
ordinarias por el estilo

Hierro en clavos, tachuela 6
puntilla de toda clase

Hierro en piezas, como cuuas,
camas, catres, silletas, sofiis y
demits muebles jjor el estilo . .

Hierro en piezas, como cerradu-
ras para puertas, ventanas 6
muebles, candados, argollas,
pasadores, fall etas, cerrojos
de aldabas, llamadores de
puertas y muebles, bisagras,
tornillos y demas herrajes
para jiuertas, ventanas 6
muebles

Hierro enlos mismos de cualqui-
er otra clase no denominada. .

.08

.12
.04
.05
.20

.40
2.00

.20
.40

.10
.10

.10

.30
.30

134

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Iron, penknives, with one blade,
wooden or horn handles

Iron, penknives and razors, with
handles of mother of pearl,
ivory, tortoise shell, or silver . . .

Iron, penknives and razors of any
other class

Iron, pipes and tubes for water
or steam ; sheets, tinned or gal-
vanized, for roofs; chains for
carts or naval purposes, chains
for surveyors; sugar molds;
pulleys; lifting jacks; large
presses for industrial pvirposes ;
speaking trumpets; tires and
wheels for carts, axles ; wheel-
barrows ; rails and spikes ; ves-
sels and parts thereof, anchors ;
towers, columns, or pillars;
gasometers and illuminating-
apparatus, excluding lamps;
telegraph wire ; lightning
rods ; jnimps for wells, mines,
or other purposes; machinery
of all kinds for mining, agri-
cultural, or manufacturing en-
terprises ; motors of all degrees
of power; water-tanks; masks
for bee-keepers ; portable
houses ; assaying furnaces ;
levels; magnets; lithographic
presses ; wire cloth for purify-
ing coffee ; horse rakes ; cables
and ropes of wire, either brass
or iron per 100 pounds . .

Iron, pointed knives, with bone
or horn handle, and can-
openers

Iron safes

Iron, shoes for animals and
chains

Iron, steelyards of all kinds and
spigots for casks

Iron, surgical instruments with
or without case

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.098

,656
,197

164

.098
.049

.033
.049
.328

ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A.

Hierro en corta-plumas de una
sola cuchilla y mangos de ma-
dera 6 cuerno

Hierro en corta-plumas y
navajas, con mangos de con-
cha-n^car, marfil, carey 6
plata

Hierro en corta-plumas y navaj as
de cualquier otra clase

Hierro, caneria y tuberia para
aguadvapor; laminas, esta-
uadas 6 galvanizadas, j)ara
techos, cadenas para carros 6
usos navales, cadenas para
agrimensores, moldes para
aziicar ; garruchas ; gatos para
levan tar pesos ; p r e n s a s
grandes para la indiistria;
bocinas ; llantas y ruedas para
carros, ejes; carretillas de
mauo; rieles y clavos para
rieles ; embarcaciones 6 piezas
.para estas, anclas, torres;
columnas 6 pilares; gasome-
tros y aparatos de alumbrado,
excluyendo las Mmparas;
alambreparatelegrafos;para-
rayos; bombas para pozos,
minas u otros usos; maqui-
naria de toda clase para em-
presas mineras, agricolas <5
fabriles ; motores de toda clase
de fuerza ; tanques para agua ;
caretaspara castrar colmenas ;
casas desarmadas; hornillas
para ensay OS de metal; niveles;
imiin; preusaslitogriificas; tela
de alambre para beneficio del
caf6 y rastriDos para fuerza
animal; cables 6 cuerdas de
alambre, de latdn 6 hierro,
los 100 kilos..

Hierro en cuchillos depunto,
con mango de hueso 6 cuerno
y en cuchillos para abrir latas.

Hierro manufacturado en cajas
fuertes para gnardar valores. .

Hierro manufacturado en herra-
durasparabestiasy en cadenas,

Hierro en romanas de toda clase
y Haves para pipas

Hierro manufacturado en instru-
mentos de cirugfa,con 6 sin es-
tuche

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
rena.

Pesos.

SALVADOR.

135

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Iron, tableknives, forks, with
handles of ivory, tortoise shell,
mother-of-pearl, or silver

Iron, tablespoons

Iron, tinned, articles such as
pitchers, buckets, basins, hip
and foot baths, chandeliers,
candlesticks, and other objects
for domestic and other uses

Iron, vrire, 4 millimeters diame-
ter and under

Iron, wire cloth, cages, and all
other wire articles not specified .

Iron, wrought, enameled, cooking-
utensils, water pitchers, water
jars, coffeepots, milk pitchers,
dishes, plates, mugs, cups, boil-
ers, forks, ladles, bathtubs,
spittoons, chamberpots, pipes
for water, and other articles
of domestic and other use

Iron, wrought, nickel-j)lated, in
articles for any use

Iron, wrought, tinned, articles
such as nails, tacks of all
kinds, buckles, tinned or ja-
panned, and currycombs ,

Ivory, all kinds of articles not
specified

Ivory, unmanufactured

Jacks, for lifting weights. (See
iron )

Jewelry, gold or imitation

Jewelry, silver. (See silver) ...

Kerosene oil. (See oils)

Knapsacks. (See leather)

Knives. (See iron)

Knives, with leather scabbards.

(See iron)

Knives, pointed, with bone or

horn handle. (See iron)

Knives and forks, with ivory, tor-
toise shell, or silver handles . .

Duty per
pound in
IT. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.656

,098

.066
,039
,098

.082

.164

.066

.656
.328

.164

3.028

.656

.026

.229
.066

.131

.098

.656

ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA.

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-
reiia.

Hierro en cuchillos, tenedores,
con mangos do marfil, carey,
coricha-nacar 6 plata

Hierro en cucharas de mesa

Hierro estanado mauufacturado
en jiiezas, come cantaros, cu-
bos, baldes, agua-mauiles, ba-
iios de asiento y de jties, cau-
deleros, palmatorias y demils
objetos para uso domestico y
otros usos

Hierro en alambre desde cuatro
milimetros de diametro inclu-
sive para abajo

Hierro en tela de alambre, j au-
las y demiis objetos en alam-
bre no especificados

Hierro forjado, esmaltado, ma-
nufacturado,enpiezas,paraba-
teria de cocina, agua-mauiles,
jaros para agua, cafeteras,
lecheras, fuentes, platos, va-
sos, tasas, pailas, tenedores,
cucharones, banos de asiento
6 de pies, escupideras, baciui-
cas, tubos para agua y demtis
utiles de uso domestico j otros
usos

Hierro forjado, maniifacturado
en objetos niquelados para
cualquier uso

Hierro, forjado, estanado, mauu-
facturado, en piezas, como cla-
vos y tachuelas de toda clase,
hevillas,estanadas 6 charola-
das, y almohazas

Marfil fabricndo en toda clase
de objetos no especificados . . .

Marfil en bruto

Gatos para levantar pesos.
(Vease hierro)

Joyeria de oro 6 de dubl6

Joyas de plata. _(V6ase plata) .

Aceite de kerosina. (V6ase
aceites)

Mochilas. (Vease cueros)

Cuchillos. (Vease hierro)

Cuchillos con vainas de cuero.
(Vease hierro)

Cuchillos de puuto, con mango
de hueso 6 cuerno. (V^ase
hierro)

Cuchillos 6 tenedores, con man-
gos de marfil, carey 6 plata . . .

2.00
.30

.20
.12
.30

.25
.50

.20

2.00
1.00

.so-
lo. 00

2.00

.08
.70
.20

.40

.30
2.00

136

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Knives and forks, all other kinds.

Knives, with ivory, tortoise shell,
silver, or mother-of-pearl han-
dles. (See iron)

Laces, cotton. (See cotton)

Laces, linen. (See flax, etc)

Laces, silk. (See silk)

Laces, woolen. (Seewool)

Lamps. (See illuminating arti-
cles)

Lanterns. (See illuminating arti-
cles) :

Lard. (See foods)

Lavender. (See foods, etc)

Lavender water

Lawn, cotton. (See cotton)

Lead, in bars

Lead, bullets or drop shot

Lead, pipes, or sheets for roofing .

Lead, toys and other objects

Leather, belts for machinery

Leather, belts, of leather or
patent leather, with or without
gilded or silvered ornaments,
for swords and sabers

Leather, boots, shoes, and leg-
gings of all classes not speci-
fied

Leather, calfskins and patent
leather for shoes and carriages.

Leather, dressed sheepskins, mo-
rocco, buckskin, chamois, soles
for shoes, tanned cowskins,
and other skins without hair
or enamel, not specified

Leather, gloves of buckskin,
gauntlets for fencing and for
ball-playing

Leather, kid and other kinds of
fine gloves

Leather, saddles, harnesses,
straj)s, headstalls, halters,
covers, holsters, bridles, reins,
powder flasks, and other sim-
ilar articles

Duty per
pound in

U. S. cur
reucy.

Dollars.
.098

.656

.82

.984
L97
.983

.082

.082
.033

.049

.098
.328

.013
.026
.013

.098

.492

.656
.098

.066

.328

.82

.229

ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA.

Cuchillos otenedores de cualqui-
er otra clase

Cuchillos con mangos de marfil,
carey, plata 6 concha-nacar.
( V6ase hierro)

Encajes de algoddn. (V^ase
algoddn)

Encajes de lino. (V^ase lino) .

Encajes deseda. (V6ase seda) .

Encajes de lana. (V6aselana) .

L^mparas. (V6ase alumbrado).

Faroles. (Y6a. alumbrado) . . .

Manteca de puerco. (V6ase ali-
mentos)

Alhucema. (Vease alimentos,
etc)

Agua de lavanda

Cambray de obispo. (Vease al-
god6u )

Plomo en barras

Plomo en balas 6 munici6n

Plomo manufacturado en cafie-
rias 6 laminas para techos

Plomo en juguetes li otros ob-
j etos

Cueros en fajas para maquinaria.

Cueros, cinturones de cuero 6 de
charol, con 6 sin guarniciones
doradas 6 plateadas, para
sables 6 espadas

Cueros, calzado y sobre-botas de
cualquiera clase no denomi-
nada

Cueros, becerros y cueros charo
lados para calzado y carruajes.

Cueros, badanas," tafiletes, ga-
muzas, antes, zuelas para cal-
zado, vaquetas y otros cueros
sin pelo y sin charol, no de-
nominados

Cueros, guantes de ante, mano-
j)las y juegos de florete para
pelotas

Cueros, guantes de cabritilla y
otras clases, finos

Cueros, sillas de montar, arci-
ones, arneses, bajadoras, ca-
bezadas, jaquimas, fundas,
pistoleras, riendas, tenedoras,
polvorines y otros seme-
j antes

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
refia.

.70

SALVADOR.

137

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

ARTlCULO DE MERCANCfA.

Dereclios
por kilo-
gram 0 en
nioneda
Salvado-
rena.

Leather, saddlebags, knapsacks,
and traveling bags

Dollars.
.229
.229
.229

.162

.328

.229

.013
.009
.026

.098

.164

.492

.328

.164

.098
.013
.066

.131

.164
.164
.164

Cueros, bolsones, mochilas ysa-
cos de viaj e

Pesos.
.70

Leather, suspenders, orofpatent
leather

Cueros, tirantes de cuero 6 de
charol

.70

Leather, trunks or valises of
leather or imitation

Cueros, baules 6 maletas de
cuero 6 imitacion

.70

Leather, undressed sheepskins,
skins cured with hair on, and
fur robes

Cueros, zaleas, pieles con pelo
y pellones ^

Cueros, viceras para kepi, gorros
y otros semej antes

.50

Leather, visors for caps, and
other similar articles

1.00

Leather, manufactured in any
form not specified

Cueros en articulos fabricados
en cualquiera forma no de-
nominada

.70

Leeches

Sanguijuelas

.04

Lemonade

Limonada

.03

Letter presses. (See iron)

Prensas para cartas. (Vease
hierro)

.08

Levels, not specified

Niveles, no denominados

Para-rayos. (V6ase hierro)
los 100 kilos .

.30

Lightning rods. (See iron)

per 100 pounds. .

Linen. (See flax, p. 12.)

Linen, fine dress goods, Irish

linens, cambrics, batistes, and

all other material for dresses.

(See flax)

.50

Lino. (Vease lino, p. 12.)
Lino, en telas finas, Irlandes,
cambrayes, batistas y toda
otra tela para vestidos.
( V^ase lino)

1.50

Linen, in plain or worked goods,
white or colored (excejjt crude
drills), creas, silesia, damask,
or other goods for tablecloths,
towels, bedspreads, sheetings,
matti-ess covers, and for other
similar purposes, not specified,
without needlework or em-
broidery. (See flax)

Lino en telas lisas 6 labradas
blancas 6 de color (excej)tuan-
dose los driles crudos), creas,
platillas, alemanisco 6 sea
g(Snero para manteles, tohallas,
cobertores i)ara cama, genero
para siibanas y para forros
de colchon y los dem^s seme-
j antes no expresados, sin cos-
tura ni bordado alguuo.
(V^ase lino)

LOO

Lithographic i)re8ses. (See iron)
per 100 jiounds . .

Looking glasses, with or without
frames

Prensas litogr^ficas. (V6ase

hierro) los 100 kilos..

Espejos con 6 sin marcos

Macarrones. (Vease alimentos).

Machetes. (Vease hierro)

Machetes, con vainas de cuero.
(Vease hierro)

.50
.30

Macaroni. (See foods)

.04

Machetes. (See iron)

.20

Machetes, with leather scab-
bards. (See iron)

.40

Machinery of all kinds for min-
ing, agricultural, or manufac-
turing enterprises. (See iron)
per 100 pounds . .

Machinery of all kinds not speci-
fied per 100 pounds . .

Magnets. (See iron)
per 100 pounds . .

Maquinaria de toda clase para
empresas mineras, agricolas
6 fabriles. (Vease hierro). ..
los 100 kilos..

.50

M^quinas de toda clase no de-

nominada los 100 kilos. .

Im^n. (V6ase hierro)

.50

los 100 kilos..

.50

138

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Marble, in slabs, for furniture
tops, tiles, tablets, statuary, or
pieces for the same, or for
fountains

Marble, in any other form not
specified

Matches of all kinds

Match ropes, for smokers. (See
cotton)

Matting, of ru.shes, straw, cocoa,
palm leaf, or other material
not si)ecified

Mattocks. (See iron)

Mattresses, wool, horsehair, or
other material

Measiares, of all kinds

Medallions or breast pins, tor-
toise shell, mother-of iJearl,
ivory, or silver

Medallions or breastpins of any
other material not specified

Medicines, bicarbonates of soda
and potassa

Medicines, bromides of potas-
sium, sodium, anunonivim, lith-
ium, etc. ; phosphate of lime,
soda, and potassia; cream of
tartar ; tartaric, oxalic, and phe-
nic acids ; white extracts, dry
or fluid; camphor; balsam of
copaiba ; manna of all kinds ;
gum arable in pieces or powder ;
plasters and adhesive cloths;
chloroform ; sulphuric ether ;
pastilles, pastes, drops, pills,
and globules ; iodides of i)otas-
sium, sodium, ammonium, lead,
etc. ; suspensories, trusses, or
any other bandage ; syringes of
all classes, absorbent cotton
for surgery; nursing bottles,
breast pumps, and cupping
glasses

Medicines, medicinal flours, such
as sago, tapioca, lactated or
other similar kinds not speci-
fied

Medicines, medicinal wines, such
as of quinine, peptona, pepsin,
lacto-phosphate of lime, and
others not specified

Duty per
pound in
IT. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

,007

,098
,066

,262

033
,033

,098
,098

,656
,197
,033

.066

,033

ARTfCIJLO DE MERCANCf A.

Marmol en tablas, para cubier-
tas de muebles, ladrillos, lapi-
das, est^tuas 6 en piezas para
6stas 6 para f uentes

Marmol en cualquier otra forma
no denomiuada

F()sforos de toda clase

Mechas de algod6n para fuma-
dores. ( Vease algodon)

Esterasdejunquillo, paja, coco,
palma u otras materias no de-
nominadas

Azadoiies. (Vease hierro)

Colchones de Ian a, cerdaii otra
materia

Medidas de toda clase

Medallones 6 prendedores de
carey, concha-n^car, marfil 6
plata

Medallones de cualquier otra
materia no expresada

Medicinas, bicarbonatos de sosa
y potasa

Medicinas, bromuros de j)otasio,
sodio, amonio, litio, etc; fos-
fato de cal, soda y potasa;
cremor ; ^cido tartilrico, ox^-
lico, fenico; extractos blan-
cos, secos 6 fluidos; alcanfor;
b^lsamo de copaiba; man^
de toda clase ; goma ariibiga,
entera 6 en polvo ; emplastos
y telas emplasticas ; clorofor-
mo ; ^ter sulfiirico ; jjastillas,
pastas, graj eas,pildoras, gr^nu-
los; yodurosde potasio, sodio,
amonio, plomo, etc. ; suspen-
sories, Ijragueros 6 cuahiuier
otro vendaje ; jeringas de toda
clase, algodones medicinales
para lacirugia; mamaderas,
tira-leches y ventosas

Medicinas, harinas medicinales,
como sagii, tapioca, lacteada
y otras semej antes no deuomi-
nadas

Medicinas, vinos medicinales,
como de quina, jjeptona, pep-
slna, lacto-fosfato de cal y
otros no expresados

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-

Pesos.

SALVADOR.

139

ARTICLE OP MERCHAKDISE.

MedicineS; salts of strychnia,
aconite, atropia, digitalis, ver-
atrine, morphine, quassia, co-
caine, and other allcaloids ;
salts of gold, silver, and pla-
tinum

Medicines, sulphate of copper,
sulphate of zinc ; sal ammoniac ;
medicinal oils, such as almond,
castor, palma christi, cod liver
(pure or in emulsions) ; hen-
bane ; belladonna ; soothing
syrup ; liquid ammonia; spirits
of turpentine ; vaseline ; leaves,
flowers, buds, seeds, barks,
roots, and scrapings

Medicines, sulphate of magnesia
(Epsom salts), chalk or car-
bonate of lime, siilphate of
iron, alum, sulphate of soda,
muriatic, suli)huric, nitric, and
acetic acids

Medicines, tar beverages, such as
''Goudron de Guyot" and oth-
ers not specified

Medicines, not specified ,

Mercery, of all kinds not speciiied.

Merino. (See wool)

Mills, hand, for coffee and other
uses. (See iron)

Moldings, gilded, jtainted, or var-
nished. ( See wood)

Moldings, not gilded or var-
nished. (See wood)

Morocco. (See leather)

Mother-of-pearl buttons. (See
buttons)

Mother-of-pearl,unmanufactured

Mother-of-pearl in any other form
not specified

Motors oi all degrees of power.
(See iron)

Musical instruments, such as
pianos, organs, etc

Musical instruments of any other
class not specified s

Duty per
pouuci in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.328

Muslin, cotton. (See cotton).
Muslin, silk. (See silk)

.033

.013

.049
.098

.197

.328

.026

.082

.016
.066

.197
.066

.656

.164

.066

.131
.328
1.64

ARTlCULO DE MEECANCf A.

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
rena.

Medicinas, sales de estricnina,
aconitina, atroi)ina, eserina,
digitalina, veratrina, morfina,
quasina, cocaina y demsts alca-
16ides; sales de oro, plata y
platino

Medicinas, sulfato de cobre, de
zinc; sal amoniaco; aceites
medicinales, como de almen-
dras, castor, palmacristi, ba-
calao (puro 6 emulsionado) ;
beleno ; belladona ; biilsamo
tran(iTiilo ; amoniaco liquido ;
aguas-ras; baselina; hojas,
flores, follculos, semillas, cor-
tezas, raises, rasuras

Medicinas, sulfato de magnesia
(sal de Inglaterra), creta 6
carbonato de cal, sulfato de
hierro, alumbre, sulfato de
soda, ^cido umriatico, sul-
fiirico, nitrico y acctico

Medicinas, bebidas alquitraua-
das, como "Goudron de Guyot"
y otros no denominadas

Medicinas, no denominadas en
la presente tarifa

Merceria, de toda clase, no de-
nominada

Merino. (V(^aselana)

Molinos para caf6 it otros usos.
(Vease hierro)

Molduras, doradas, pintadas 6
barnizadas. (Vease madera)

. Molduras, sin dorar ni barnizar.
(V6ase madera)

Tafiletes. (Vease cueros)

Concha-n^car en botones (figu-
*ran en botones)

Concha-n^car en bruto

Concha-nacar en cualquiera otra
forma no denominada

Motor es de toda clase de fuerza

Instrumentos de musica, como
pianos, 6rganos, organillos,
etc

Instrumentos de nnisi ca, de cual-
quier otra clase no denomi-
nada

Muselina de algodon. (V6ase
algodon)

Muselina de seda. ( V6ase seda)

Pesos.

1.00

.10

.04

.15

.30

.60
1.00

.08

.25

.05
.20

.60
.20

2.00
.50

.20

.40

1.00
5.00

140

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE.

Mustard, powdered. (See foods)

Mustard, prepared. (See foods) .

Nails, iron. (See irou) ,

Nails, tacks, and brads, of bronze
or copper. (See bronze)

Nankeen. (See flax)

Napbtlaa. (See oil)

Necklaces, glass, composition, or
other similar material

Necklaces, ivory, tortoise-sbell,
or mother-of-pearl

Needles of all classtes and sizes.
Nipples for guns or pistols

Nursing bottles. (See medi-
cines)

Nuts. (See foods)

Nutmegs. (See foods)

Oakum j)er 100 pounds..

Oars for boats. (See wood)

per 100 pounds . .

Oats

Oil, cocoanut

Oil, cotton-seed

Oil, gasoline

Oil, kerosene

Oil, linseed

Oil, naphtha

Oil, olive

Oil, petroleum

Oil, rape seed

Oil, whale

Olives. (See foods)

Organs. (See ins trument s ,

musical)

Oxalic acid. (See medicines)

Paints, mixed

Paints, in powder

Paper, blank books of all sizes,
with or without ruling

Paper and cardboard, in articles
for domestic use or in any
other form not specified

Paper, cardboard, blotting pa-
per, brown or other common
wrapping paper

Paper and cardboard, white, not
sized and colored, for printiug.

Duty per
pouiid in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.098

.066

.131

.164
.026

.197

.656
.197
.197

.066
,033
.098

.162

.164
.006
.026
.026
.026
.026
.026
.026
.026
.02a
.026
.026
.066

.066
.066

.033
.016

.065

.098

.009
.033

AETlCTJLO DE MERCANCIA.

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
nioneda
Salvado-
reiia.

Mostaza en polvo. (V^ase ali-
mentos)

Mostaza preparada. (V^aseali-
mentos)

Clavosdehierro. (V6asehierro)

Clavos, tachuelas 6 puntillas de
bronce 6 cobre. (Vease
bronce)

Coletas. (V6aselino)

Naphta. (V^ase aceites)

Collares de vidrio, composici6n y
otras materias semej antes

Collares de marfil, carey 6 con-
cha-n^car

Agujas de toda clase 6 tamano.

Chimeneas para escopetas 6 pis-
tolas

Mamaderas. (V(5asemedicinas).

Nueces. (Vease alimentos)

Nuez-moscada. (V^ase alimen-

tos)

Estopa para calafatear,

los 100 kilos..

Eemos para embarcaciones.

(V^asemadera) .per 100 kilos. .

Avena ,

Aceite de coco

Aceite de algod6n

Aceite de gasolina

Aceite de kerosina

Aceite de linaza

Aceite de naphta

Aceite de olivas

Aceite de petroleo

Aceite de nabo

Aceite de ballena

Aceitunas. (V6ase alimentos) .
<3rganos. (V^ase instrumentos

de musica)

Acido oxalico. (V^ase niedi-

cinas)

Pintura preparada

Pintura en polvo

Papel, libros en bianco de todo

tamano, rayados 6 sin rayar. .
Paj)el y carton en objetos de

uso domestico 6 cualquier

otra forma no especificacla

Papel en carton, en secante, de

estraza u otro ordinsirio para

empacar

Papel y cart6u bianco sin cola

y de colores, para imprentar.

SALVADOR.

141

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Paper, cardboard, empty boxes,
or in sheets, for bookbinding,
litbograpbing, photograph-
ing, and other industrial uses.

Paper, cigarette paper of all
kinds

Paper, copies for drawing and
majis

Paper, for flowers, or any other
kind not specified

Paper, gilded, silvered, or enam-
eled, for making flowers or
other similar uses

Paper, playing cards, fine or
common

Paper, sandjiaper of all kinds . .

Paper, wall paper and marbled
and colored paper for book-
binders or other uses

Paper, Avritiug paper of all kinds
and envelopes

Paraffin, in cakes

Paraffin, manufactured in any
form

Parchment, in sheets

Passementerie of metal or enam-
eled bugles, for embroidery . . .

Pearls, fine

Pearls, imitation, of wax, paste,
or glass

Pens, gold

Pens, of every other class not
specified

Pencils of all kinds not specified

Pencil cases, ivory, tortoise shell,
or mother-of-pearl

Pencil cases of any other kind
not specified ,

Penknives. (See razors)

Pepper. (See foods)

Percussion caps, for firearms . . .

Perfumery of all kinds not spec-'
ified -

Pewter spoons, ladles, forks, and
other articles for domestic use

Phenic acid. (See medicines) . . .

Phosphate of lime, soda and po-

tassa. (See medicines)

Duty per
pound in
IJ. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.009
.098
.016
.065

.164

.098
.019

.082

.065
.033

.049
.197

.82
3.28

.197
3.28

.263
.098

.656

.098

,049
.197

.098
.098

.066
.066

ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A.

Papel, cart6n en cajas vaclas 6
en hojas para encuaderna-
ci6n, litografia, fotograf ia y
para otros usos industriales .

Papel de fumar para cigarrillos
de toda clase

Papel, modelos para dibujo y
mapas

Papel para flores 6 de cualqui-
er otra clase no denominada. .

Papel, dorado, plateado 6 esmal-
tado, para hacer flores ti otros
semejautes -.

Papel en naipes finos ii ordina-
rios

Papel, en papel de lija de toda
clase

Papel para tapizar y el jas-
peado 6 pintado para forros
de libros ti otros usos

Papel para escribir de toda
clase y en cubiertas

Parafino en marqueta

Parafino elaborado en cualqui-
era forma

Pergamino en hojas

Eecortes de metal 6 bombilla
de esmalt* para bordar

Perlas finas

Perlas, falsas, de cera, pasta, 6
vidrio

Plumas de oro para escribir

Plumas para escribir, de cualqui-
er otra clase no denomiuada. ,

Lapices de toda clase no especi-
ficados

Lapiceros de marfil, carey, 6
concha-niicar

Lapiceros de cualquier otra
clase no denominados

Corta-plumas. (Vdasenavajas.),

Pimienta. ( V6ase alimentos. ) . .

Fulminantes, para armas de
fitego

Perfumeria de toda clase no de-
nominada

Peltre, manufacturado en cu-
charas, cucharones,teuedores,
y demsis objetos para uso do
m(5stico

Acidofenico. (V<5asemedici-na8)

Fosfato de cal, soda y potasa.
(V^Use medicinas)

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-
rena.

Pesos.

.03
.30
.05
.20

.50
.30
.06

.25

.20
.10

.15
.60

2.50
10.00

.60
10.00

.80

.30

2.00

.30

.15

.60

.30

.30
.20

.20

142

SALVADOR-

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Pianos. (See instruments, musi-
cal)

Pickles. (See foods)

Pictures of all classes and mate-
rials, with or without frames..

Pillars or columns, iron. (See
iron) per 100 pounds . .

Pillows and beds of feathers

Pillows and mattresses, wool,
horsehair, or other material

Pins, common, large pins and
hairpins of all classes and
forms

Pipes or cigar-holders, with real
or imitation meerschaum
mouthpiece, with or without
amber

Pipes, etc., of any other material.

Pipes and tubes, iron, for water or
steam. (See iron)

per 100 pounds . .

Piqu6, silk. (See silk)

Pistols, breech loading, and re-
volvers . - -

Pistols, muzzle loading

Pitch, common -

Pitch and rosin

Plants, living, per 100 pounds . ..

Plated ware, tableware, of
nickel, copper, bronze, brass
or white metal, silver plated
or gilded, such as tea and coffee
sets, trays, milk pitchers, tea-
jjots, coffeepots, sugar bowls,
plates, dishes, napkin rings,
spoons, ladles, forks, sugar
tongs, stands, pi'eserve dishes,
butter dishes, fruit dishes,
saltcellars, vases, candle-
sticks, cuspidors,- pitchers,
basins, cuj)s and bowls, purses,
inkstands, crucifixes, crosses,
cigar cases, stoppers, card re-
ceivers, flowerpots, bells for
animals, hand bells, and other
articles of same materials not
specified

Poison for skins, per 100 pounds.

Porcelain statuettes, flowers, or
toys

Porcelain in any form not speci-
fied. Porcelain includes all
transparent chinaware

Duty per
pouucl in
IJ. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.066
.066

.098

.164
.328

.098

197

.656
.262

.164
1.64

1.64
.328
.013
.016
.164

.656
.164

.098

,039

ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA.

Pianos. (V^ase instrumentos
de mnsica)

Encurtidos. (Vdase alimentos).
Cuadros de toda clase y materia,

con 6 sin marcos

Pilares 6 columnas de hierro.

(V6ase hierro)..los 100 kilos..
Almohadas y colchones de plumas
Almohadas y colchones de lana,

cerda u otra materia

Alfileres comunes, zancas il hor-

quillas de cualquiera clase 6

forma

Pipas 6 fumadores, con boquilla

de espuma de mar 6 de imita-

cion, con 6 sin ^mbar

Pipas, etc., de cualquier otra
materia

Caneria y tuberia para agua 6
vapor (Vease hierro)
los 100 kilos..

Piqu^ de seda. (Vease seda) . . .

Pistolas de retrocarga y revol-
veres

Pistoles de j)ist6n

Brea comun

Pez y resina ^

Plantas vivas, los 100 kilos

Vajilla de niquel, cobre,bronce,
laton 6 metal bianco plateado
6 dorado, como servicios para
t6 y caf6, bandejas, lecheras,
teteras, cafeteras, azucareros,
platos, fuentes, anillos jiara
servilleta, cucharas, cucha-
rones, tenedores, pinzas para
aziicar, asientos, dulceras,
mantequilleros, fruteros, sa-
leros, vasos, candeleroi, pal-
matorias, escupideras, jar-
ros, agua-maniles, tasas y pai-
las, porta-monedas, tinteros,
crucifijos, cruces, cigarreras,
tapones, tarjeteros, floreros,
cascabeles, campanillas y
otras de la misma materia no
denominados

Veneno para cueros, los 100 kilos.

Porcelana enfiguras, flores 6 jii-
guetes

Porcelana en cualquier otra
forma no denominada. De-
nominase porcelana toda losa
trasparente

Derechos
j)or kilo-
gram o en
inoneda
Sal V ado-

SALVADOR.

143

ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE.

Portfolios or pocketbooks, of
any material not specified

Portfolios or pocketbooks of card-
board. (See paper.)

Powder flasks, with horu of
metal, born, or leatber

Pumj)s, iron, for wells, mines, and
otber j)iirposes. (See iron)
per 100 pounds . .

Pnmj)S, wooden. (See wood)
per 100 pounds . .

Purses or cigar cases of tortoise
sbell, ivory, silver, or motber-
of-pearl

Purses, etc., of any otber material
not specified

Pails and spikes. (See iron)
per 100 pounds . .

Raisins. (See foods)

Bazors and penknives of one
blade, witb wooden or born
bandle

Razors andpenknives, witb ban-
dies of motber-of-pearl, ivory,
silver, or tortoise sbell

Razors and penknives, of any
otber class not specified

Revolvers. (See pistols)

Ribbons. (See silk)

Ropes, bemp. (See flax, etc)

Ropes or cables, wire, eitber
brass or iron. (See iron)
per 100 pounds .

Rosaries, coral, motber-of-pearl,
tortoise sbell, or silver

Rosaries, all otber kinds not
specified ,

Rosin

Rum

Rusb, straw or palm, for furni-
ture or otber uses

Rusb, straw or palm, for bam-
mocks and otber forms not
mentioned

Russia duck, of flax, pure or
mixed. (See flax)

Sacks. (See flax)

Saddles

Saffron, edible. (See foods)

Duty per

ponncl in

U. S. ciu'-

rency.

Saffron, flower of, for dyeing pur-
poses

Dollars.
.197

.2:^9

.164
.164

.656

.197

.164
.066

.098

.656

.197

1.64
1.97
.016

.164

.656

.197
.016
.197

.066

1.97

.164
.016
.229
.984

.164

AETfCULO DE MERCANClA.

Carteras de materias no deno-
minadas

Carteras de cart6n. (V6ase pa-
pel.)

Polvorines con asta de metal,
cuerno u cuero

Bombas para pozos, minas ii
otros usos. (V6ase bierro)
los 100 kilos..

Bombas demadera. (Vease ma-
dera) loslOOkilos..

Porta-monedas 6 cigarreras de
carey, marfil, plata 6 concba-
n^car

Porta-monedas de cualquier
otra materia no denominada..

Rieles y clavos para rieles. (V6-
ase bierro) los 100 kilos. .

Pasas. (V^asealimentos)

Navajas 6 corta-plumas de una
sola cucbilla, de mango de ma-
dera 6 cuerno

Navajas 6 corta-plumas, con
mangos de concba-n^car, mar-
fil, plata 6 carey

Navajas 6 corta-plumas de cual-
quier otra clase no denomi-
nada

Revolveres. (V^ase pistolas) . .

Cintas. (V6ase seda)

Cuerdas. (V^ase lino, etc)

Cuerdas 6 cables, alambre de
laton 6 bierro. (Vease bierro)
loslOOkilos.

Rosarios de coral, concba-n^car,
carey 6 plata

Rosarios de otra clase no de-
nominada

Resina

Ron ■

Junco, paja 6 palma, i3ara mue-
bles i1 otros usos

Junco en bam^cas y en otras
formas no denominadas

Rusias de lino puro 6 mezclado.

(V6ase lino)

Sacos. (V6ase lino)

Sillas de montar

Azafr^n de comer. (V^ase ali-

mentos)--

Alazor (flora azafriinromi) para

tenir

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-
rena.

.60

.70

.50
.50

2.00

.60

.50
.20

.30

2.00

.60
5.00
6.00

.05

.50

2.00

.60
.05
.60

.20

.60

.50
.05
.70

3.00

.50

144

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Sago

Sashes for -windows.
Sauces of all kinds.

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

(Seafoods).

Scales, bronze or copper

Scales, iron, platform or other
kinds

Scarfs, silk, embroidered or plain

Scientific instruments, not speci-
fied

Scissors of all kinds

Seeds of all kinds not specified. .

Serge, (See wool)

Shawls, cotton

Shawls, silk, plain or embroid-
ered

Shawls, woolen. (See wool)

Sheetings. (See linen)

Ship timber per 100 lbs . .

Shirts, cotton

Shirts, cotton, with bosoms and
cuffs of linen

Shirts, linen

Shoe horns, of horn or bone

Shoes, India rubber

Shoes, leather

Shoes, silk, of all kinds

Silesia. ( See linen)

Silk, cravats, girdles, garters,
suspenders, or any other simi-
lar article of silk not specified.

Silk, curtains, belts, scarfs, em-
broidered or plain, or any
other similar article of silk
not specified

Silk, floss :

Silk goods, alpacas, buratos,
challis, crepe, damask, gros,
faille, muslin, piqu6, tulle,
satin, serge, satinette, taffeta,
velvet, or any other pure or
mixed silk material not speci-
fied

Silk, material of, for sieves or
strainers ,

Silk, ornaments, ribbons, laces,
blondes, cords, plush, tassels,
fringes, sashes, passemente-
ries, and any other silk orna-
ment not specified

Dollars.
.033
.016
.066

.197

.026
1.64

.328
.131
.003

.328
.226

6.56
.98
.328

.164

.262

.328
.492
.197
.328
.656
.984
.328

.984

1.64

.82

1.64
.197

1.97

AETlCULO DE MERCANCfA.

Derechos
porkilo-
gramo en
moueda
Salvado-
refia.

Sagli

Vidrieras

Salsas de toda clase. (Vease
alimentos)

Balanzas de bronce 6 cobre

Eomanas de plata-forma y ba-
lanzas de hierro

Bandas de seda, bordadas 6 lisas .

Instrumentos cientificos no de-
nominados

Tijeras de toda clase

Semillas de toda clase no especi-
ficadas

Filaila. (V^ase lana)

Panolones

Chales de seda, lisos 6 bordados.

Chales de lana. ( V(5ase lana) . .

G^nero para s^banas. (Vease
lino)

Madera para embarcacioues,
r los 100 kilos..

Camisas de algodon

Camisas de algodon conpechera
y puuos de lino

Camisas de lino

Calzadores de asta 6 hueso

Zapatos de caucho

Zapatos de cuero

Calzado de seda de toda clase . .

Platillas. (Vease lino)

Seda, corbatas, cinturones, li-
gas, tirantes 6 cualquier
otro articulo de seda seme-
j ante, no denominado

Seda, cortinas, fajas, bandas
bordadas 6 lisas, 6 cualquier
otro articulo de seda por el
estilo, no expresado

Seda floja

Seda generos, alpacas, burato,
chaly, cre8p6n, damasco, gr6,
falla, museliua, pique, pun to,
raso, sarga, sarguilla, tafet^n,
terciopelo 6 cualquier gdnero
de seda puro 6 mezclado no
denominado -

Seda, eurejados de seda para
cedazos

Seda, adornos, cintas, encajes,
blondas, cordones, felpas,
flecos, franjas, listones, pasa-
maneria, y cualquier adorno
de seda, no denominado

SALVADOR.

Derechos

Duty per

porkilo-

ARTICLE OF MERCHAJTDISE.

pound in
TJ. S. cur-

ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA.

grainoen

rency.

Salvado-
refia. •

Dollars.

Pesos.

Silk, pure or mixed, ready-made

Seda pura 6 mezclada, en ropa

clothing, wraps, scarfs, gowns,

hecha, abrigos, bufandas, ba-

blouses, fiflins, jackets, cloaks.

tas, blusas, fichus, jaiques.

vests, coats, mantles, shawls.

capotes, chalecos, casacas,

with or without embroidery;

mantillas, panolones borda-

dresses, for men, women, or

dos 6 sin bordar, trajes para

children, of any other class,

hombres, mujeres 6 niilos, de

with or without ornaments.

cualquiera clase. adornados 6

and all kinds of ready-made

sin adornos, v toda clase de

clothing not specified

1.97

ropa hecha no especificada. . .

6.00

Silk, shawls or rebozos, i)lain,

Seda, chales 6 rebozos, lisos, la-

worked, or embroidered, or

brados 6 bordados, 6 generos

material for them

6.56

para ellos

20.00

Silk, stockings, socks, drawers,

Seda, medias, calcetines (es-

undershirts, and all other gar-

carpines), calzoncillos, cami-

ments of silk stockinet

1.64

setas y todo objecto fabrica-

do en tela de punto de seda. . .

5.00

Silk, thread of all kinds, on

Seda, hilo de toda clase en ca-

spools or cards

.82

rretas de palo 6 en cart6n

Seda torcida . . .

2 50

Silk twist -

.984
.656

3 00

Silver jewelry

Silver leaf for plating

Plata en joyas

2.00

.656

Plata manufacturado en hojas

para platear

2.00

Silver table services

.656

Plata manufacturada en vajilla.

2.00

Silver thread, or imitation

.82

Hilo de plata pura 6 falsa

2.50

Skins, rabbit or hare, and other

Pelo de conejo 6 liebre y otros

skins for making hats

.006

jielos para hacer sombreros . . .

.02

Slates, and slate pencils

.016

Pizarras y jjizarrines de piedra .

.05

Slates, for roofing, per 100 pounds.

.164

Pizarras en Mminas para techos,

los 100 kilos

Slippers, Chinese straw

.23

Chimelas chinas de paja

Esmalte en hoj as

Smalt, or enamel, in sheets

.328

1.00

Soap, in cakes, perfumed. (See

Jabdn, en panes, con perfume.

perfumery)

Soap, ordinary, not perfumed

.098

(V6ase perfumeria)

.,30

.033

Jabon ordinario, sin perfume

.10

Soda or caustic potash, for indus-

Soda 6 jjotasa ciiustica para la

trial purposes

.013

industria

Soda water

.009

Agua de soda

Spars for masts. (See wood)

Palos para enarboladura. ( V^ase

per 100 pounds . .

.164

madera) los 100 kilos. .

.50

Spectacles and eyeglasses.

Anteojoso antiparras, montados

mounted in gold

3.28

en. oro

10 CO

Spectacles and eyeglasses.

Anteojos, etc., montados en

mounted in silver, ivory, or tor-

plata, marfil 6 carey

2.00

toise shell

.656

Spectacles and eyeglasses.

Anteojos montados en cual-

mounted in any other material

quier otra materia no deuomi-

not specified

.197
.066

nada

Esperma de bayena en pasta . . .
Esperma elaborada en cual-

.20

Spermaceti, manufactured in any

form

.059

quier otra forma

.30

Bull. 58-

-10.

146

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE or MERCHAJJDISE.

Spirits, strong or sweet, as cog-
nac, absinthe, rum, gin, cor-
dials, whisky, rosoli, and oth-
ers not specified

Sponges of all kinds ..-.

Spoons, with ivory, tortoise shell,

or silver handle

Spoons, all other kinds

Stationery articles not mentioned .

Statuary, bronze or copper

Statuary, iron

Statuary, marble

Statuary of material not specified

Staves for barrels per 100 pounds . .

Stearin, in mass

Stearin, manufactured in can-
dles or other fprms

Steel, in bars, sheets, or plates . .

Steel, -handsaws, files, rasps,
measuring tapes, and other ar-
tisans' tools

Duty per
pouud in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Steel, large saws, for sawyers

Steel wire of every thickness,
4 millimeters and under

Steel, woven-wire cloth and
springs for mattresses

Stones, flint - - - -

Stones, whetstones and grind-
stones, for sharpening razors,
tools, etc

Stockings and socks, cotton

Stockings and socks, silk

Stockings and socks, woolen.

(See wool)

Stoves, cooking, and others

Strings of all kinds for musical

instruments

Strops of all kinds

Sugar

Sulphates of copper and zinc.

(See medicines)

Sulphates of magnesia, iron,

soda. (See mediciues)

Dollars.

.197

1.64

.656
.098
.197

.197
.026
.007
.197

.164

.026

.059
.033

.115
.033

.098

.131
.016

.006
.262

1.64

.656
.026

.197
.197

.066

.033

.013

AETfCULO DE MERCANCf A.

Aguardientes fuertes 6 dulces,
como cognac, ajenjo, ron,
ginebra, mixtelas, cremas,
wisky, rosolis y otros no es-
pecificados

Esponjas de toda clase

Cucharas con mangos de marfil,
carey 6 plata

Cucharas decualquier otra clase-

tjtiles de escritorio no arancela-
dos

Estatuas de bronce 6 cobre

Estatuas de hierro

Estatuas de m^rmol

Estatuas dematerias no denomi-
nadas ^

Duelaspara barriles, loslOO kilos,

Esteariua en bruto

Estearina elaborada en velas y
otrasformas

Acero, en barras, laminas 6
planchas

Acero, en sierras 6 serruchos de
mano, limas, escofinas, cintas
para medir y denies herrami-
entas para artesauos

Acero manufacturado en sierras
grandes para labradores

Acero, en alambre de todo grue-
so, desde cuatro milimetros
de di^metro, inclusive para
abajo

Acero manufacturado en tela
para colchones y resortes para
colchones

Piedras de chispa

Piedras para afilar navajas 6
moll ej ones para afilar herra-
mientas

Madias y escarpines de algo-
dou

M6dias y escarpines de seda

MMias y escarpines de laua
(V^ase lana)

Cocinas y anafes

Cuerdas de toda clase para in-
strumentos de nuisica

Asentadores para navajas de
toda clase •

Aziicar

Sulfatos de cobre y zinc. (V^ase
medicinas) ■

Sulfatos de magnesia, hierro y
soda. ( Vease medicinas)

Derechos
por kilo
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-

Pesos.

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Suspenders, silk

Suspenders, woolen

Suspensories, trusses, or other
bandages. ( See medicines) —

Swords or sabers of all kinds —

Syringes of all classes

Syrups of all kinds, without al-
cohol

Tablecloths, linen

Tallow, candles

Tallow, crude or fats

Tallow, pressed or refined:

Tapioca . . ,

Tar of all kinds

Tea

Terra cotta figures or toys

Terra cotta in any other form .'. ,

Thimbles, material not specified,

Thread, cotton ,

Thread, linen. (See flax, etc)..
Tin, bars or plates, pure or mixed

Tin foil, for wrappings

Tin, manufactured in articles for
domestic or other uses

Tin plate, articles of, for domestic
or other uses

Tin plate, in sheets

Tobacco, leaf

Tobacco, manufactured in cigars

Tobacco, in any other form not
specified

Toilet waters of every class con-
taining alcohol, as Florida, Co-
logne, Divine, kananga, lav-
ender, melissa, and others simi-
lar

Tools, agricultural, as mattocks,
shovels, rakes, sickles, axes,
plowpoints, pruning knives,
aud all others of this kind.
(See iron)

Tools, fine, for carpenters and
artisans. (See iron)

Tools, stone-hammers, tools for
blacksmiths, and others not
specified. (See iron)

Duty per
pound in
tr. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.984
.656

.066
.492
.066

.033
.328
.033
.009
.023
.033
.013
.098
.098
.016
.197

.164
.262
.066

.098

.026
.164
.656

.328

.098

.033
.115

.033

ARTlCULO De'mERCANCIA.

Tirantes de seda

Tirantes de lana

Suspensorios, braqueros 6 otros

vendajes. ( Vease medicinas) .

Espadas 6 sables de toda clase..

Jeringas de toda clase

Jarabes de toda clase sin alcohol.

Manteles de lino

Sebo elaborado en velas

Sebo en bruto 6 mantecas

Sebo prensado 6 refinado

Tapioca

Alquitr^n de toda clase

Barro en figuras 6 juguetes

Barro en cualquier otra forma .

Dedales de materias no denomi-
nadas

Hilo de algodou

Hilo de lino. (Vease lino)

Estano en barras o jdanchas,
puro o mezclado

Estano en papel para envoi ver. .

Estano manufacturado en piezas
para uso dom^stico ii otros
usos

Hoja de lata manufacturada en
piezas para uso domestico u
otros usos

Hoja de lata en hojas 6 pliegos .

Tabaco en rama

Tabaco elaborado en puros

Tabaco en cualquier otra forma
no expresada

Aguas de olor de cualquiei-a
clase con alcohol, como de
fiorida, de colonia, divina,
kananga, de labauda, melisa
y otras semej antes

Herramientas para agricultura,
como azadoues, palas, rastri-
Uos, hoces,hachas,puntasx)ara
arador, podadoras y dem^s
herramientas ordinarias, por
el estilo. (Vease hierro)

Herramientas fiuas para car-
pinteros y artesanos. (V6ase
hierro)

Herramientas, martillos, para
romper piedras, herramientas
para herreros y otros por el
estilo no deuominados. (Vease
hierro)

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-
reiia.

Pesos.
3.00
2.00

.20

1.50

.20

.10

1.00
.10
.03
.07
.10
.04
.30
.30
.05

.60
.50

.80

.20
.30

,30

.30

.08

.50

2.00

1.00

.30

.10
.35

.10

148

SALVADOR.

AKTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Toothpicks, tortoise shell, ivory,
or mother-of-pearl

To()thi:>icks, any other kind not
specified

Tortoise shell in sheets or unman-
ufactured ■

Tortoise shell, manufactured iu
any form not specified

Towels, cotton

Towels, linen

Toys of all classes not specified . .

Traps for moles and rats

Trusses

Umbrellas, sunshades, and para-
sols, of cotton, of all kinds

Umbrellas, etc., silk, pure or
mixed

Umbrellas, etc., wool, pure or
mixed

Varnishes of all kinds

Vegetables in their natural state.

Vegetables, prejjared in vessels
of tin, glass, or earthen ware..

Velocipedes of all classes

Vermicelli

Violins, small, mouth harmonicas,
dulcimers, and other similar
articles

Vinegar

Wafers

Watches, gold

Watches, silver

Watches of any other metal

Waters, sparkling, artificial,
without alcohol, as ginger ale,
lemonade, soda, and others
similar

Wax candles

Wax, flowers, fruits, or in other
forms

Wax, sealing, for letters

Wax, sealing, ordinary, for bot-
tles

Wax, vegetable

Wax, white or yellow

Weights, bronze or copper

Weights, iron

Whalebone, manufactured or not.

Wheat

Wheels for wagons, etc

Wheelbarrows, iron or wooden,
per 100 pounds.

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.656

.197

.328

.656
.164
.328
.098

.033
.066

.098

.656

.262
.066
.006

.066
.164
.013

.098
.013
.197
3.28
1.64
.656

.009
.328

.492
.197

.066
.197
.197
.197
.016
.328

.007
.164

.164

AETlCFLO DE MERCANCIA.

Limpia-dientes de carey, marfil
6 concha-n^car

Limpia-dientes de cualquier

otra clase no denomiuada

Carey en hoja 6 en concha

Carey manufacturado en cual-

quiera forma no denominado.

Tohallas de algodon

Tohallas de lino

Juguetes de cualquiera clase no

denomiuada

Tram pas para topos y ratas . . .

Bragueros

Paraguas, paraguitas y sombri-

Uas de algodon de toda clase.
Paraguas, los mismos, de seda

pura 6 mezclada

Paraguas, los mismos, de Ian a

pura 6 mezclada

Barnices de toda clase

Legumbres, en estado natural. .
Legumbres, preparados en botes

de lata, vidrio 6 barro

Velocipedes de toda clase

Fideos

Violinetas, armdnicas de boca,

dulzainas y otras semej antes.

Vinagre

Obleas

Relojes de bolsillo, de oro

Relojes de bolsillo, de plata ...

Relojes de cualquier otro metal .

Aguas artificiales espumosas sin
alcohol, como cerveza de jen-
gibre, limonada, soda y otras
semejautes

Cera labrada en velas

Cera en flores, frutas 6 en otras
formas

Lacre para cartas

Lacre ordinario para botellas. .

Cera, vegetal

Cera blanca 6 amarilla

Pesas, de brouce 6 cobre

Pesas, de hierro

Barbas de balleua, labradas y

sin labrar

Trigo

Ruedas para carretas, etc

Carretillas de mano, de hierro

6 de madera . ..los 100 kilos.

Derechos
por kilo-
gram o en
moneda
Salvado-
refla.

Pesos.

2.00

.60
1.00

2.00

.50

1.00

.30
.10
.20

.30

2.00

.80
.20
.02

.20
.50
.04

.30

.04

.60

10.00

5.00

2.00

.03
1.00

1.50
.60
.20

.60
.60
.60
.05

1.00
.02
.50

.50

SALVADOR.

149

ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.

Whisky

Wines of all classes, such as
Muscatel, Pajarete, Sherry,
Malaga, Port, Vermouth, Sail
Raphael, Saint Miguel, Cham-
pagne, and all others not spec-
ified -■..

Wines, red, table

Wood, doors, windows, lattices,
sashes, moldings not varnish-
ed or gilded

Wood, embroidery frames, lasts
for shoemakers, blocks for hat-
ters and wig-makers

Wood, furniture of all kinds,
with or without marble, mat-
tresses, veneers for furniture,
rollers or casters, trunks,
traps, billiard tables without
accessories, spigots for bar-
rels, blinds, hat racks, book
shelves, hand bottling ma-
chines, and every other ob-
ject of this kind not specified.

Wood, moldings, gilded, painted,
or varnished, boxes of all
shapes, varnished or lacquered,
ornaments of wood composi-
tion, card cases, inkstands,
vases, trays, dishes, and any
other forms not specified

Wood, planed and tongued and
grooved

Wood, staves, hoops and hoop
poles for barrels, pumps, carts,
wheelbarrows, pipes, bee-
hives, wood for matches, ships
or ship timber, spars for masts,
oars for boats, wheels for wag-
ons or wheelbarrows,
per 100 pounds. .

Wool, bands, straps, belts, sus-
penders, garters, cravats,
gloves, or any other similar
article not specified

Wool, pure or mixed, blankets,
counterpanes, carpets, mats, or
rugs

Duty per
pouiid in
tr. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.
.197

,033
,016

.016
.007

.066

.082

,007

164

,656
.164

ARTfCULO DB MBRCANClA.

Wiskey

Vinos, generosos, de toda clase,
como Moscatel, Pajarete, Je-
rez, Malaga, Oporto, Ver-
mouth, San Eafael, San Mi-
guel, Champagne y cualqui-
er otro no denominado

Vinos, tinto de mesa

Madera en piiertas, ventanas,
celosias, vidrieras, molduras
sin barnizar ni dorar

Madera, bastidoresparabordar,
estacas para calzado, para
sombreros y para pelucas

Madera en muebles de toda
clase, con 6 sin m^rmol, col-
chones, chapas de madera
para muebles, arganillas 6
scan talleres de mesa, baules,
trampas, billares sin utiles,
Haves para barril, persianas,
capoteras, estantes, maqui-
nas de mano para tapar bo-
tellas y todo otro objeto por
el estilo, no especificado

Madera en molduras doradas,
pintadas, 6 barnizadas, cajas
de madera de toda forma, con
barniz 6 gomalaca, adornos de
jiasta de madera, tarjeteros,
tinteros, vasos, azafates, fuen-
tes y en cual qui er otra forma
no denominada

Madera, acepillada y machi-
hembrada

Madera en duelas, arcos y flejes
para barriles, bombas, carros,
carretillas, canos, casas para
colmena, madera para fosfo-
ros, en embarcaciones 6 madera
para 6stas, en palos para enar-
boladura, remos para embar-
caciones y ruedas para carre-
tas 6 carretillas . . los 100 kilos . .

Lana en fajas 6 bandas, cintu-
rones, tirantes, ligas, corbatas,
guantes 6 cualquier otro ob-
jeta semejaute no denominado.

Lana pura 6 mezclada en fraza-
das 6 colchas, alfombras, tripe
6 mautillones

Derechos
por kilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-

)5o

SALVADOR.

ARTICLE or MERCHAlSTDiSB.

Wool, pure or mixed, clotli, such
as cassimeres, broadcloth, al-
paca, challis, curtains, damask,
serge, flannel, ''grano deoro,"
muslin delaine, merino, and
other similar woolen cloth, not
specified

Wool, pure or mixed, such as cas-
simeres, cloths, or other similar
goods, with warp of linen or
cotton

Wool, pure or mixed, ornaments
of, such as tapes, laces, hlondes,
braids, cords, plush, tassels,
borders, fringes, listing, and
any other similar articles not
specified

Wool, pure or mixed, ready-made
clothing, wraps, mantillas,
capes, fichus, dressing gowns,
jackets, blouses, cloaks, shawls,
coats, vests, headdresses,
shirts, curtains, petticoats,
overcoats, dresses for men,
women, and children, with or
without ornaments, shawls,
plain or with silk fringe, em-
broidered or not, and all other
pieces of clothing not specifie'd . .

Wool, pure or mixed, stockings,
socks, undershirts, drawers,
and all other articles or objects
of stockinet

Wool, thread, for sewing or em-
broidering . . :

Wool, pure or mixed, goods not
specified

Wool, lamb's wool

Work boxes, small, with or with-
out accessories

Zinc, alphabets or numbers for
marking

Zinc articles for domestic and
other uses

Zinc bars, sheets, or plates

Zinc ornaments, statues, or
bronzed figures

Duty per
pound in
U. S. cur-
rency.

Dollars.

.328

.983

,656

.328

.328
.049

.492

.098

.098
.019

.115

ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA.

Lana pura 6 mezclada en g^nero,
como casimires 6 pafios, al-
pacas, balsarinas, balleta, ba-
llet6n, chaoly, cortinas, da-
masco, filaila, franela, grano de
oro, lanillas 6 muselina, meri-
no y otras telas de lana seme-
jante ho denominadas

Lana pura 6 mezclada en casi-
mires, casinetes, pan as y otros
g^neros semej antes, con cade-
na de lino 6 algodon

Lana pura 6 mezclada en ador-
nos, como cintas, encajes,
blondas, trencillas, cordones,
felpas, flecos, franjas, listones
6 cualquier otrosemejante no
denominda

Lana pura 6 mezclada, en ropa
hecha, abrigos, mantillas, bu-
fandas, fichiis, batas, chaque-
tas, blusas, jaiques, capas,
capotes, casacas, chalecos,
chales, cofias, camisas, cor-
tinas, fustanes, enaguas, le-
vitas, vestidos para hombres,
mujeres 6 ninos, decualquiera
clase, adornados u sin adornos,
pauolones, lisos 6 con fleco de
seda, bordados y sin bordar,
y dem^s piezas de ropa de
toda clase no denominada . . . .

Lana pura 6 mezclada enmedias,
calcetines (escarpines), cami-
setas, calzoncillos y todo ob-
jeto en tela de punto de
media

Lana en hilo para coser 6 bordar.

Lana, pura 6 mezclada, en g^-

nero no denominados

Lana, en vell6n

Costureros pequenos, con 6 sin

utiles

Zinc en abecedarios 6 numera-

ciones para marcar

Zinc manufacturado en piezas,

para uso domestico y otros usos .
Zinc en barras, laminas, 6 plan-

chas

Zinc en adornos, estatuas 6

figuras bronceadas

Derechos
por tilo-
gramo en
moneda
Salvado-

Pesos.

1.00

LOO

3.00

2,00
1.00

1.00
.15

1.50

.30

.06

.35

SALVADOR.

151

FREE LIST.

Anchors and girt lines.
Animals, dissected.
Animals, living, for breeding.
Apparatus for producing electric light or

Baggage, passengers'; by this is under-
stood objects for their individual use
and the indispensable instruments of
their art or profession, in quantities
proportionate to the class and circum-
stances of the owner.

Beans.

Boats, launches, rigging, sails, chains,
and other articles for vessels for use in
the harbors, lakes, and rivers of the
republic.

Books and pamphlets, printed.

Cement, roman, and hydraulic lime.

Coal.

Corn, Indian.

Crucibles, for foundries and fire bricks.

Diamonds and other precious stones not
mounted.

Effects brought by diplomatic oflicers
residing in the country for their own
usie when similar privileges are granted
in the foreign countries, when the legal
requisites are complied Avith.

Furnaces and other instruments for as-
saying.

Fuse for mining.

Gold and silver, in bars, dust, or coin.

Guano and other fertilizers.

Hay and other fodder not specified.

Hops.

Houses, wooden or iron.

Kettles, iron, and molds for sugar-manu-
facture.

Magnets.

Models of machines and buildings.

Molds for making flowers.

Music paper and pieces of music.

Paper, printing, for periodicals.

Periodicals, loose or bound.

Photographs.

Pier materials and accessories.

Plants, exotic.

Plows.

Printing presses and their appurtenances.

Portraits belonging to families residing
in the country.

Quicksilver.

Quinine (sulphate of).

Railway supplies.

Rice.

Rye.

ARTICULOS LIBRES.

Anclas y andaribeles.

Animales disecados.

Animales vivos para raza.

Aparatos para producir el alumbrado
electrico 6 ^1 de gas hidrdgeno carbo-
nado.

Equipaje de pasajeros; entendi^ndose
por tal los objetos de su uso individu-
al y los iustrumentos indispensables
de su arte u oficio, todo en cantidad
proporcionada d la clase y circunstan-
cias de su dueno.

Frijoles.

Botes, lanchas, jarcia, velamen, cadenas
y dem^s utiles de buques para uso de
los puertos, lagos y rios de la Repub-
lica.

Libros y folletos impresos.

Cimento romana, cal hidr^ulica.

Carbdn de piedra.

Mafz.

Ladrillos refractarios y crisolesparafun-
dicidn.

Diamantes y demfis piedras preciosas sin
montar.

Efectos que para su uso introduzcan por
su cuenta los ministros diplom^ticos,
resideutes en la Republica, siempre
que haya recij)rocidad y se cumpla con
los requisites establecidos por la ley.

Hornillos y demils iustrumentos para
en%ayos de metales.

Guias para minas.

Oro y plata en barras, en polvo 6 acu-
nado.

Guano y demiis abonos.

Heno y dem^s forrajes no denominados.

Liipulo.

Edificios de madera 6 de hierro.

Peroles de hierro y moldes para fabricar
azucar.

Im^n.

Modelos de m^quinas y edificios.

Moldes para fabricar flores.

Papel de solfa y piezas de musica.

Papel de imprenta para periddicos.

Periddicos sueltos y empastados.

Fotograflas.

Utiles para muelles.

Plantas exdticas.

Arados.

Imprentas y sus utiles.

Retratos pertenecientes £ familias resi-
deutes en el pais.

Azogue.

Sulfato de quinina.

Utiles para ferro-carriles.

Arroz.

Centeno.

152

SALVADOR.

FREE LIST— Continued.

Samples of naercliandise the duty on
which doea not exceed 72 cents.

Seeds of plants not cultivated in the re-
public.

Slag, mineral.

Stills for spirits and their appurtenances.

Telegraph and telephone articles.

Timber, unmanufactured.

Wire, barbed, and hooks for fencing.

Wreckage.

PROHIBITED ARTICLES.

Air guns.

Apparatus for making coins.

Arms and other munitions of war. In-
cluded in this prohibition are rifles of
all classes and revolvers of caliber .44
and cartridges for the same.

Counterfeit money.

Gunpowder of all kinds.

Nitrate of potassia or saltpeter.

Nitroglycerine and dynamite, except
upon special concessions of the Gov-
ernment.

Obscene prints and figures.

NOTES.

1. All articles not mentioned in the
present tariif shall j)ay the same as the
most similar articles according to their
material and form.

2. In every package which contains
several articles having diiferent assess*
ments, the tare shall be calculated in
relation to the total of the charges on the
contents; this proportion will be ob-
tained by multiplying the total charges
on the articles weighed with their respec-
tive coverings by the weight of the tare
and the product divided by the total of
the net weight, and the quotient will be
the appraisement of the tare.

3. When an appraised article contains
others it shall pay according to the tare
of the latter, in addition to that which
corresponds to it in the tariff.

ARTICULOS LIBRES— Continua.

Muestras de mercaderias, cuyos derechos

no excedan un peso.
Semillas de plantas no cultivadas en la

Eepiiblica.
Brozas minerales.

Aparatos de destilacion de aguardiente
^ y sus accesorios.
Utiles de telegrafos y telefonos.
Madera sin labrar.
Alambre espigado y sus ganchos para

cercas.
Fragmentos de buques n^ufragos.

ARTfCULOS PROHIBIDOS.

Escopetas de viento,

Aparatos para fabricar moneda.

Armas y dem^s elementos de guerra, que-
dando comprendidos en esta prohibi-
ci6n, los rifles de toda clase y los re-
v61veres calibre .44 y sus correspondi-
entes cartuchos.

Moneda falsa.

P61vora suelta de toda clase.

Nitrato de potasa 6 sal de nitro (salitre).

Nitro-gliserina y diuamita, salvo las con-
cesiones especiales del Gobierno.

Estampas y figuras obcenas.
NOTAS.

l.a Todos los articulos no mencionados
en la presente tarifa pagar^n como los
mas. semej antes por su materia y forma.

2.'* En todo bulto que contenga varios
articulos de diferentes aforos, la taraser^
valorada en relacidu del total de aforos
del contenido ; esa proporci6n se tomardi
multiplicando el aforo total de los articu-
los, pesados con su respectivo envase, por
el peso de la tara, y el producto se divi-
ding por el total del peso neto aforado, y
el cuociente ser^ el aforo de la tara.

3.'' Cuando un articulo aforado venga
contenieudo otros, pagar^ como tara de
<^stos, con m^s lo que le corresponda por
la tarifa.

SALVADOR.
EXPORT DUTIES.

153

(Taken ftom Tarifa de Aforos 6 Impuestos, by Francisco Boquin, Sonsonate, 1889.)
[The export duty of 2 per cent is charged on the following valuations of the articles named.]

ARTICLES.

Starch per pound. .

Eice do

Black balsam do

Coffee per 100 pounds..

Cocoa do

India rubber do

Hides, of cattle each. .

Hides, deer, goat, or ebeep,

per pound . .

Honey do

Molasses for making spirits,

per pound. .

Gold

Silver

Melon seeds per pound . .

Cinchona and copalcJii,

per pound. .

Tobacco, smoking do

Sarsaparilla do

Mineral slag

Indigo per 150 pounds . .

Official
valua-
tion.

Dollars.
.029
.022
.723
.090
.146
.217
1.446
.217

.072

.014
Ad val.
Ad val.

.072

.181

.108

.181

Ad val.

2.434

AKTICULOS.

Almiddn libra..

Arr6z libra. .

B^lsamo negro libra . .

Caf6 quintal..

Cacao de pais quintal . .

Caucho 6 nule quintal . .

Cuero de res cada uno . .

Cuero de venado, cabro 6 car-
nero libra..

Miel de abeja libra . .

Melaza para fabricar aguardi-
ente libra..

Ore sobre su valor integro

Plata sobre su valor integro —

Pepitas de melon libra . .

Quina y copalchi libra . .

Tabaco picado libra . .

Zarzaparrilla libra .

Brozas minerales

Anil zurron de 150 libras

Aforo.

.04

i .03

1.00

.12i

.20

.30

2.00

.30
.10

.02

Ad val.

.10

.25

.15

.25

Ad val.

3.37i

Since the publication of the preceding list of duties, the Bureau of American
Republics has received notice of the following modifications and changes :

Legislative decree of March 2j, i8g2.

The customs tariff shall be modified as follows :
Cotton : Dollars.
Ribbons, plain or serged, white or colored, for shoemakers and harness-
makers, and ribbons known as " Castille" kilo. . . 50

Tissues knowh as " Mantadril," white or colored kilo.. .40

Muslins or cambrics, printed, without needle-work nor embroidered, .kilo. . . 60
Lace and applications, having less than one inch in width (dutiable as trim-
mings) kilo . . I. 00

Balls of stone, wood, glass, Chinese metal, and other compositions, for chil-
dren kilo . . .10

Caoutchouc toys kilo. . . 50

Chinese crackers kilo . . .20

Leather :

Shagreen and buffalo leather kilo. . . 25

Machine belting 100 kilos. . . 50

154 SALVADOR.

, Dollars.

Cane, straw, or palm, for furniture kilo. . . lo

Lamps : Shades imported separately (according to the component materials).
Wool:

Flannel shirts, fine or common, of pure wool or mixed with cotton . .kilo. . . 50
Shirts, mixed with silk kilo. . 3. 00

METALS.

Steel :

Wire of a diameter of less than 4 millimeters kilo. . . 20

Ordinary saws and handsaws, files, rasps, measuring tapes, and other tools

for artisans , kilo. . . 25

Bronze or copper :

Large pans {peroles) for agricultural or industrial purposes, weighing more

• than 40 kilos free.

In articles such as hinges, knobs for furniture, locks for doors, bits, door-
knockers, sash bolts, rivets, screws of 2^ inches and less, and handles,

kilos 40

Nails and tacks kilo . . .40

Iron:

Wire of a diameter of 4 millimeters and less kilo. . . 08

Portable forges (dutiable as machines) 100 kilos. . . 50

Tools, such as howels, braces, gimlets, center-bits, augers, chisels, mortise
chisels, gouges, trowels, long planes, planes, rabbit-planes, and other sim-
ilar tools for artisans kilo. . . 25

Tin plate kilo. . . 06

Hand machines for agricultural and industrial purposes 100 kilos. . . 50

Ramie:

Tissues of, pure or mixed, with neither needle-work nor ornaments, .kilo. . 2. 50
Clothing, or cuttings for men's or women's clothing, and with trimmings,

kilos 4- 00

Yarn, and raw ramie kilo. . i. 50

Silk: Embroidered shawls kilo. . 10. 00

Sulphate of quinine kilo. . i.oo

Camp tents, including their frames kilo . . .25

Tobacco:

Raw kilo . . I. 00

Manufactured in cigars and cigarettes V kilo. . 3. 00

Manufactured, other, not specially mentioned kilo. . i. 50

Alimentary products and condiments: Oats, barley, and other cereals not men-
tioned kilo.. .01

Sugar molds, dutiable at the rate of 50 cents per 100 kilos, under iron and in

No. 231 are free of duty free.

Baggage: Furniture and household effects are not considered as baggage.
The tax called "market tax" of 25 cents per quintal, levied on all goods, is replaced
by a tax of 3 per cent on the amount of the duties, equivalent to that paid heretofore;
the amount collected will be applied toward the construction of national buildings.

SALVADOR.

J 55

Under date of May 24, 1893, Mr. S. G. Dawson, acting consul at San Sal-
vador, writes:

"The Government has ratified a decree of Congress raising the importation
duties on silk shawls, or 'rebosos,' plain or embroidered, r.nd on all silk stuffs
destined to the manufacture of said shawls to $40 per kilogram (2.205 pounds)
and to ^10 per kilogram on silk handkerchiefs, pure or mixed. Shawls and
handkerchiefs of any material not specified in the tariff shall pay $30 per kilo-
gram. The decree is based on the alleged need of protecting national weavers
against foreign competition."

On July 1 1, 1893, declared free of all duties and taxes, common salt, salt beef,
corned beef, or beef preserved in any manner, packed in barrels or otherwise.
All natural or artificial fertilizers were by the same decree placed on the free list

The Government of Salvador has ordered all the import duties to be paid in
the national gold coin of Salvador. Foreign coins may be received, however, as
long as the coinage of Salvadorean money is not complete, in the following pro-
portion : American gold, 4 per cent premium; British, Spanish, and Mexican,
1 per cent premium ; French, and coins of every nation of the Latin Union, at
par; German, 1 per cent discount.

Appendix F.

COMMERCIAL DIRECTORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR.

ACAJTJTLA.

ImjporterB.

Compafila de Agenciaa.
Mitchel, W. J.

JlerehanU.

Compafila General del Facifico.

Blanco & Trigueros.

Carazo & Eamirez.

Dorantes & Ojeda.

""ompaBIa del Muelle, Drevon & Co.

fiomar, 'Joaqiiia.

^elendez, ManueL

Mejia, Bncarnaci6n.

Peralta, Jos6 Maria.

Parraza & Prado.

Buano, Emeterio.

Valle & Co., Andr6s.

ahuachapAit.

Boots and shoes.

Gonzalez, Margarito.

Garrido, Isidro.
Druggists.

CarbaUo, Valentin.

Magana, Simedn.
Orocers.

Alfaro, Margarito.

Chavez y hno., Claudia.

Durdn, Luisa G. de.

Mores, Andrea.

Guerra, Dionisio.

Gnerra, Virginia.

Linares, J.

Melgar, Eulalia.

Mendoza, Kafaela.

Eomero, Mercedes.
Hatters.

Garcia, Estanislao.

Velarde, Eederico.
Retail general merchantt.

Arriaze, Dolores.

Cadenas, Eusrbio.

156

AHTTACHAPAiT— Continued.

Retail general merchants — Continaed.

Contreras, Bomualdo.

G6niez, Juana.

Guerra, Maria^

Herrera, Meaner.

Herrera, Isabel.

Llanos, Mariana M. de.

Mena, Leonor M. de.

Moscoso, Luisa.

Eiyas, Mercedes.

Vasquez, Aparicio.
Silversmiths.

Canjura, J.

Duarte, Onofre.
Wholesale import and export merchantt.

Durdn, Onofre.

Mordn, Eabio & Co.

Miiller, Eederico.

Samayoa, Ana.

Valdivieso, SamueL

ANAMOBds.

Merchant.

Zepeda, Felipe.

ARMENIA.

Oroeer.

Komillo, Jos6.
Retail general m,erchant>.

Garcia, David.

Molina, Arcadia.

Torres, Juan.
Wholesale import and export merchant.

Mayer, Zeferino.

CHALATENANOO.

Boots and shoes.
Cort6s, Claro.
Torres, Lorenzo.

SALVADOR

^57

CHALATENANGO— Continued.

Druggiits.

Garcia, Jos6 J.
Morales, Jos6 Maria.
Pena, MigneL
Tobias, Ismael.

Qroeer.

Ortiz, Balbina.

Silversmifht,

Barrerra, Modesto.

Obando, Esteban.
Wholesale import and export merelmnt

Alvergue, Fernando.

CHALCHHAFA.

Boots and shoes.

L6pez, Manuel.

Novoa, Albino.

Pineda, Jos6 P.
Photographer.

Baxter, Enrique.
Retail general merchants.

Ahuja bnos.

GoetzcbuU, Solom6n.

Hidalgo, Cruz.

Lizarralde, Eduardo do.

Martino, Jos6 Maria.

Penate, Eleodoro.

Trejo, Francisco.

COATEFEQTTE.

Boots and shoes.

Cienfuegos, Petronilo.
Orocers.

ArbizA, Pilar.

Cardona, Mercedes.

Cardona, Paula.

Castrillo, Eleodoro.

Cienfuegos, Adelaida.

Delgado, Sofia.

Men6ndez, Socoro.

Suano, Anastacio.
Retail general merchant.

Barrientos, Balbino.

COJTITEPEftTIE.

Banker.

Diaz, Narciso.

Drvggists.

CasteUanos, Crescencio.
Escobar, Camilo.
Palma, Apolonio.
Revelo, Joaquin.

Orocers.

Amaya, Maximo.
Cdceres, Adela.

COJDTEPEQTTE— Continued.

G'rocers— Continued.
Diaz, Josefa.
Diaz, Sara.

Figueroa, Josefa Antonia.
Ingl6s, Mercedes.
Mineros, Lugarda.
Mafiaz, Josefa.

Hatters.

Anzueta, Anton.

Hernandez, Salvador.

Martinez, Esteban.

Pleitfis, Esteban.
Silversmiths.

Malt6z, Jos6 Maria.

Obando, Carlos.
Watchmaker and jeweler.

CasteUanos, Alberto.
Wholesale import and escort merehantB,

Amaya, Miximo.

Bazdn, Albino.

Bustamante, Guadalupe.

Contreras, Juan.

Diaz, Narciso.

Nulla, Ventura.

Vila & Sigiienza.

COMASAGTJA (La libertad).

Manufacturer of coffee machinery,
Komer, Felipe.

DOIOSES (Cabanas).

Boots and shoes.
Colocho, Pedro.

GOTEBA.

Druggist.

Kovelo, Norberto.

Chrocers.

Cruz, Amelia.
G6mez, Esteban.
Mendoza, Lazaro.
Molina, Anita.
Kosa, Francisco.
Rosa, Paz.
Romera, Leandra.

GTTATABAL.

Wholesale import and export merchant.
Panamefio, Ensebio.

ILOBASCO.

Boots and shoes.
Rodas, Juan.

ij8

SALVADOR.

ILOBASCO — Continued.

^rocen.

Castellanos, Ram6ii.

Elena, Sime6n H.

Portilla, Dolores.
Retail general merchantt.

Barb6n, Jos6 G.

Choto, Eafael.

C6rdova, Francisco.

GonzAlez, Margarito.

L<5pez, Manuel.

Orellana, Encarnaci6n.

Pefia, Jos6 Maria.

Homero, Ana I.
Silversmith.

AJvarenga, Daniel.
Wholesale import and export merehtmt.

Kosas, Leandro.

IZALCO.

Boots and shoes.

Herrera, Victor.
Druggist.

Li6vano, Jos6 Maria.
Grocers.

Ah'arez, Bosa.

Men6ndez, Lauriano.

Eamos, Juana.

Retail general merchants.

Barrientos y hermano, Trinsito.

Craik, Mercedes de.

Eamos y hermano, Josefa.

Vega, Joaquina.
Wholesale import and export merchant.

VeUsquez, Felipe.

JAYAftUE.

Manufacturer of coffee machinery.
Mel6ndez, Manuela.

JACTTAPA.

Banker.

Durdn, Macedonio.
Boots and shoes.

Castillo, Manuel.

Cruz, Manuel.

Cruz, Guillermo.

Monica, Teodosio.

Kosales, Pedro.
Commission merchants.

DurAn, Macedonio.

Escobar, Tiberio.
Druggist

Burgos, RafaeL

JACUAPA— Continued.

Chroeers.

Castillo, Margarita de.

Castillo, Bamona.

Jurado, Angela.

Sandoval, liTicolasa.
Retail general merchant!.

Arawjo, Maria.

Bantista, Maria de.

Castro, Jo86 Maria.

Galvez, In6s.

Gutierrez, Josefa.

Gutierrez, Carlos.

Gutierrez, ManueL

Mora, Miguel.

Montoya, Mercedes.

Bosales, Damiana.
Silversmith.

Orantes, Maximo.

LA LISmTAD.

Commission merchant. >

Blanco, Trigueros.
Druggists.

Marcenaro, NicolAs.

Velis, Felipe J. de.
Grocers.

Calder6n, C.

Guzmd,n, Eloisa G. de.

Prieto, Gertrudio.
Hatter.

Torres, Gregorio.
Wholesale import and export m^rehantM,

Courtade, Emilio.

Flamenco, Maria.

Marcenaro, Nicolds.

Huezo, Vicente.

Vargas hnos., Diego.

LA UNI6N.

Boots and shoes.

Palada, E. Gutierrez.

Bamtrez, Benito.
Commission merchant.

Marcenaro & Co., Juan Bantista.
Grocers.

Andino, Leonarda P. de.
' Courtade, Carmen P. de.

Huezo, Santos P. de.

Huezo, Mercedes.

L6pez, Salvador.

Perry, Elena.

Bosales, J. G. de.

Zaldivar, Hortensia P. dA.

SALVADOR,

159

LA UNION^Continued.

Manufacturers of tortoise-theU good§.

Amaya, Ignacio.

Echevenia, Abel.

L6pez, Dolores.

Sanchez, Federico.
Retail general merehanta.

Huezo, Gregorio.

PadiUa, Isabel V. de. ■

Salazar, Manuela»

Sosa, Bosa V. de.
Silversmith.

Garcia, Salvador.
Wholesale import and export merehantt.

Marcenars & Co., J. B.

PadiUa, Eemigio.

Eodriguez, Pablo.

Vicente y Ca.

Vila, Francisco.

METAPAN.

Orocer*.

Aguilar, J.

Castro, Domingo.

Duarte, Paulina do.

Hernandez, Bibiano.

Leiva, Jos6.

Lemus, Manuel.

Montoya, Felipe.

Kuiz, Juan.
Retail general merehanti.

Quintana, Rafael.

Wholesale import and export merchan,tt.
Lima bermanos.
Sosa, Bonifacio.

NEJAPA.

Manufacturer of coffee machinery.
Andrade, Manuel.

OLOCTJILTA.

Wholesale import and export merchant,
Gonzalez, Octavio.

QTJEZALTEPEQUE.

Qrocert.

Borjas, Estebana.

Castro, Benigna de.

C^ceres, Santos C. do.
Satter.

TJmitia, Salvador.
Uanvfacturer.

Cort6z y bno., ComeUo.

S. JULIAN (Sonsonate),

Merchant.

Eomero, Victor.

SAN ANDB]^S.

Wholesale import and export mereharA
Munoz, Eduardo.

SAN MIGUEL.

Banker.

PadiUa, Eemigio.
Boots and shoes.

Arias, Juan.

Bustillos, Jos6 Maria.

Colindres, Vicente.

Lara, Juan.

Mayorga, Guillermo.

Morales, David.
Druggists.

Cano, J.

Celari6, Jos6 Marfa.

Holtmeyer bnos.

Hegg, Manuel.

Meardi, Mauricio.

Munoz, Brisido.

Eosales, Enrique B.
Ch-ocers.

Aguirre, Felipa.

Araya, Ana Josefa.

Avila, Anita B. de.

Bahnaceda, MigueL

Barreyro, Isabel de.

Bado, Mauricia de.

Cabrera, Senorita.

Femdndez, Adela.

Flores, Aguslln.

Guzmdn, Virginia.

Herrera, Pastor.

Hernandez, Dolores B. do.

Hernilndez, MAximo.

Mena, Sim6n.

Medina, Apolonio.

MoUna, Victoria.

Morales, David.

Peraza, Josefa.

Eeyes, Beatriz.

Eosales, Mercedes P. do.

Suay, Cipriano.

Sudrez, Francisco.

Valenzuela, ErciUa F. do.

Hatters.

Abendano, Eam6n.
Aguado, Jos6 Maria.
Cartas, Baltazar.

i6o

SALVADOR.

SAN MIGUEL— Continued.

Hatters— Continned.
lidpez, Gregorio.
Reyes, Esteban.
Photographers.

Guerrero, Vicente.
Mena, Eamon.

Sol, Eloy.
Printers.

Arias, Timoteo.

Herrera, Pedro P. y Rito.

Imprenta del Institute de Occidente.
Retail general merchants.

Alvarez, Francisco B.

Avila, Carmen.

Cuadra, Cannen R. de.

Diaz, Antonio.

Dinarte, Simedn J. de.

G6niez, Dolores.

Herndndez, Carlos.

Lastra, Ram6n.

Meardi, Mauricio.

Resales, Enrique R.

Sclionenberg, Juan.

Vinerta, Josefa G. de.

Zelaya, Le6n.
Silversmiths.

Anduray, Aureliano.

Avila, Daniel.

Osorio, Modesto.

Resales, Manuel.

Salmerdn, Gregorio.

Salmer6n, Agustin.

Tebes, Tomds.

Vargas, Leonidas.
Special manufacturers.

G6niez, C6sar, tortoise-shell goods.

Paz, Martin, tortoise-shell goods.

Paz, Santos, tortoise-sheU goods.

Huezo, Ireneo M. de, tortoise-sheU goods.

Resales & Alvares, mineral waters.
Wholesale import and export merchants,

Alvarez, Francisco V.

Argiiello, Jos6.

Argiiello, Ram6n.

Argiiello, Marcelino.

Briqueto y Charlaix.

Canessa, Antonio & Ca

Canessa, Cayetano.

Canessa y Ca., Ambrosio.

Calvo, Manuel.

Dardano, Pedro.

Demutti, Antonio.

Dias, Antonio.

Femdndez, Antonio J.

Haltmeyer, Eniilio.

SAN MIGUEL— Continued.

Wholesale import and export wiercTiawto— Cont'd.
Hungentobler & Haltmeyer.
Mazzini, Miguel.
Mirino & Manent.
Mendoza, Ansebno.
Mendoza, Jacinto.
Miardi & De MuttL
Munoz & Co., B.
MuDOz, Brigido.
Padilla, Remigio.
Palacios & Co., Francisco.
PohU, Alfonso.
Prieto, Carlos G.
Qtiiros hermanos.
Rivera, Ruano.
Romero, Carmen.
Schonenberg, Juan.
Suay, Cipriano.
Vila & Vila.

SAN SALYASOB.

Banks and bankers.

Banco Intemacional.

Banco Occidental.

Banco Particular.

Blanco & Trigueros.

Blanco y Lozano.

Duke 6 hijo, J. M.

Lagos, Miguel.

Lagos, Pilar.

Resales, Jos6.
Booksellers and stationerg.

Cousin, Anselmo.

Anguelo, M.

Goubaud, Emilio.

Herrera & Co., ManueL

Mathias bnos.

Pozo & Gutierrez.

Prado & Co., Federico.

Rivera, Desiderio.

Boots and shoes.

Aguilar y Serrano.

Cirino, Morales. ♦

Sagrera y Ca., Jos6.

Preto bnos. y Ca.
Druggists.

Aran jo & Co.

Aranjo & Bustamente

Avalos, F.Pablo.

C^ceres & Vaquero.

Li6vano, Juan.

Luna, David.

Niebecker, Otto von.

Palomo & Co., M.

Rivera, Carlos.

Rivera hermanos.

SALVADOR.

161

SAN SALVADOE^Continued.

Qroeers.

Aguilar, Josefa.
Alfaro, Diego.
Ar6valo, Anastacix
Castellanos, Dolores.
Cisneros, Manuela.

Monterroso, Eegina.

Palacios, Magdalena.

Palacios, Asunci6iu

Pena, Emilia.

Quijano, Jacinta.

Quitefio, Mercedes,

Eamos, Anita.

Beales, Samona.

Serrano, Bemab6.

Valencia, Franciscsi,

Vega, Leocadia.
Hardware, cutlery, and tooU.

Anguilar, !Pranciaco.

Ealette, Sullo.

Aubuisson y Ca., D.

Dorantes y Ojeda.
Hatterg.

Blanco, MigaeL

Bonilla, Luis.

Moreno, KafaeL

Molina, Domingo.

Mnrillo, Elias.

Eniz & Co., J. M.

Euiz, Iiuia A.
Lithographer.

Guevara, Te6dnlo.
Photographers.

Imery hermanos.

Somelian, Agustln.
Planters, general.

Aguilar, Manuel.

Alvarez, Emilio.

Boguen, Francisco.

Borgia, Bustamente.

Cellier, A.

DArdano, EeUx.

Dorantes y Ojeda.

Lozano, Cruz.

Euano, EmetrioS.

Ulloa., Cruz.

Zaldivar, Eafael.
Printing offices.

Grande, Pedro.

Imprenta del Comerclo.

Imprenta de la Juventad.

Imprenta Nacional.

Mirdn, Erancisco y Alejandro.

Vaquero, Erancisco.

Bull. 58 11.

SAN SALVADOR— Continued.

Silversmiths.

Camacho, Leoncio.
Campos, Marcelino.
Campos, Gregorio.
Campos, Crescenoio.
Cruz, NicoMs.
Mamenco, Joaquin.
Garcia, Vicente.
Platero, Fernando.
Eivas, Anastacio D.
Sanchez, Carmen.
Sol6rzano, Justo.
Villardn, Manuel.
Zamora, KafaeL

Special manufacturers.

Ellis, Benito, phosphorus.

G6ngora & Co., Manuel, phosphorus.

Kreitz, Teodora, coffee machinery.
Special -merchants.

Arrazola, Concepcidn, woods.

Carrera, Pablo, woods.

Cousin, Anselmo, church ornaments.

Cuon, Vallon, silks.

De Le6n, Venancio, woods.

G6mez, Cecilio, woods.

Soils, Francisco, woods.

Tonfo-Ch6n, silks.

Tan-Hinlon, silks.

Watchmakers and jewelert.

Casati, Carlos B.

Dreyfus & Cohen.

Escamilla. Manuel.

Escamilla, K6mulo.

Glasser & Co., Marcus.

Imeri, Narciso.
Wholesale import and export merchants,

Aguilar, J. E.

Alvarez, Emilio.

Ambrogi, Constantino.

Arrazola, M.

Balette & Goens.

Blanco y Trigueros.

Blanco & Lozano.

Bloom, Baruch & Co.

Bouineau, A.

Bousquet, Pablo.

Bustamante y hermano, Mariana

Castro, Emigdio.

Cohen & Dreyfus.

Courtade, Emilio.

Cousin, Anselmo.

Cronmeyer, A.

D' Aubuisson, G.

D' Aubuisson, Carlos.

DurtouT, Jorge.

l62

SALVADOR.

SAN SALVADOK— Continued.

Wholesale import and ex^'ort merchants- -Cont'd.
Dominguez y hermano, D.
Dorantes & Ojeda.
Duke & Son, J. Mauricio.
Ellis hijo & Co.
Glaser, C. & M.
Goubaud, E.
GoiizAlez, Jos6 Antonio.
Gonzalez y Ca., J. O.
Haas & Co., B.
Hoephl, O.
Lagos &. hernianos.
Levy, G.
Madrid & Co., B.
Manning, Moffatt & Co.
Mata, Juan.
Mejia, Escobar & Co.
Melendez, Carlos.
Melendez y Perez.
Mena, Eduardo.
Mendoza, Dionisio.
Merlos, Dionisio.
Moffatt & Blair.
Moffat, John.
Niebecker, A.
P.aloma & Co., M.
Pawski, L. W.
Perez, Pdrraga & Co.
Prado & Co., P.
Peralta, Antonio.
Perez, Alonzo.
Prieto hermanos.
Re^'elo, A. J.
Rivera hermanos.
Rivas & Soler.
Ruiz &. Co., J. ManneL
Sagrera hermanos.
Salinas, Alberto.
Salazar, Emeterio.
Selva, Julian.
Serrano, Pedro.
Sell onen berg, Roberto.
Soundy, A. I.
Tunstall, Thomas T.
Ungo, M.
Tiidice & Co
Zaldivar, R.
Zaldivar, Mariano.

SAN VINCENT.

Boots and thoes.

Barrera, Jos6 Maria.

Guerrero, Matias.

L6pez, J. ManueL
Druggists.

Amaya, Mcol&s.

SAN VINCENT— Continued.

Druggists — Continued.

GAlvez, Vicente.

Miranda, Luis.
Retail general merchants,

Lagos, Manuela.

Mejia, Leona.

Mineros, Sebastid/B.

Ramirez, Vicente.

Revelo, Abelina.

Samayoa, Vicente.

Valencia, Ignacia.
Silversmiths.

Pinel, Rodrigo.

Pino, Jo86.

Saragoza, Antonio.

Salinas, Ciriaco.

Sosa, Manuel.
Watchmaker and jeweler.

Miranda, Guadalupe.
Wholesale import and export merchantt.

Angulo, Nicolds.

Carranza, Camilo.

Figueroa, Josefa.

GAlvez, Vicente.

Miranda, Octavio.

SANTA ANA.

Banker.

Alvarez, Francisco.
Boots and shoes.

Aguirre, Jos6.

Calderdn, Esteban.

Erazo, Sim6n.

Francisco, Antonio.

Rivas, Carlos.

Resales, Salvador.

Sanabria, Ram6n.

Taboada, Jos6.
Commission merchant.

Alstchul, Emilio.
Druggists.

CarbaUo, Miguel.

Guill6n, Francisco.

Haecker, Francisco B.

Interiano, Julio.

Lara, Manuel L.

Rodriguez, Anastacio.

Trabanino, Tadeo.

Vides, Jos6 Maria»
Engravers.

Aguilar, Lario.

Alfaro, Rosalio.

Lecree, Andr6s.

Roca, Antonio B.

SALVADOR.

163

SANTA ANA— Continued.

Hatters.

Dardn, Asunci6n.

Mor.iles, Miximo.

Torre, Juan V. de la.
Photographerg.

Guerrero, Salvador.

Becinos, Abel.

Shevlin, Santiago.

Printing office.

Martinez, Alberto.
Watchmaker and jeweler.

Guerrero, Salvador.
Wholesale import and export merehants.

AepU & Gross.

Agacio, A. B.

Agacio, Antonio.

Altschul, Emilio.

Alvarez de Viscara, Maria.

Alvarez hermanos.

Argeta, V.

Augsburg, A. "W.

Belismelis, E.

Berkfeld & Rhode.

Bloom, Bai-uch. & Co.

Carazo y Ramirez.

Casanova, Eduardo.

Casin, M.

Cichero, Sebastian.

Cienfuegos, Eliaa,

Cohen & Dreyfus.

Dellipiane & Dagllo.

Dfaz, Santiago.

Escobar, Jos6.

Garma, L.

Goldtree, Liebes & Co.

Haas & Co., B.

Liberti & Co., AngeL

Maten, P.

Mathies & Co., C. G.

Matheu, P.

Matheu hermanos.

Martinez & Co., Jos6 Maria.

Martinez, Macario.

Mena, E.

M^ndez, Alberto.

Montalvo, Manuel.

P4,rraga, Manuel A.

Pena y Ca., Francisca

Rodriguez, Brigido.

Rodriguez, Isidoro.

Rodriguez, J. & &

Sichero, S.

Subia, DanieL

"Valle, Andres.

Valle, Jos6.

SANTA ELENA (Usulutin).

Engraver.

Munguia, Satumino.

SANTA TECLA.

Boots and shoes.

Barahona, Tom^s.

Coto, Mariano.

M6ndez, Leoncio.

Merino, Francisco.
Druggists.

Nunez, J. F.

Sol, Manuel.

Tijerino, NicolAs.

Engraver.

Hemdndez, DanieL
Founder.

Luner, Valeria.

Grocers.

•

L6pez, Bernardino.
Mel6ndez, Adela de.
Olivares, Ignacia de.
Olivares, Dolores.
Ulloa, Adela de.
Villalta y hno., S.
Setail general merchants.
Ambrosio, Evaristo.
Angulo, Roman.
Arrieta, Reyes.
Garcia, Asunsi6n.
Molina, Ismael G.
Molina, Jos6 G.
Rugama, Elias.

Silversmiths.

Burgos, Miguel.

Gonz41ez, Andrfis.
Special manufacturers.

Alcaine, Matias, machinery.

Ferntodez, J086 Maria, machinery.

Flamenco, Rufino, rubber stamps.

Mason, James, machinery.

Orellana, Pablo, machinery.

Ulloa, Cruz, machinery.
Wholesale import and export merchants.

Gonzdlez, J086.

Lemus & Sanchez.

Mason, Phillips & Co.

Mel6ndez, ManueL

Orozco, Benito.

Rivas, Tom&s.

Soto, Enrique.
SANTIAGO DE MABIA (TJsulat&n).

Merchant.
Flores, J.

164

SALVADOR.

SENSUNTEPEQTJE.

Boots and shoes.

Ayala, Patricio.

Blanco, Cipriano.

Cruz, Marcos.

Puentes, Carlos.

Henriquez, Pedro.

Lara, Pemando.

Lacayo, Sanniel.

Navairete, MAximo.

Kn-as Herinogenes.

Romero, Jacinto.
Druggists.

Dawson, Jos6.

Hernandez, Joaqnln.

NoToa, Serafin.

Velasco, Dionisio.
Engraver.

Peralta, David.
Oroeers.

Amaya, Gregorio.

Ayala, J.

Ayala, Margarita.

Echeverrla, Pio.

Echeverrla, J086 Mariai

Ircheta, Victor.

L6pez, Nicolasa.

M6ndez, Miguel.

Novoa, Adolfo.

Parr a, Gertrudis.

Parra Moreno, Jos6 D.

P6rez, Damidn.

Rodriguez, Seraflo.

Hatters.

Albayero, Agapito.

Femdndez, Bernardo.

Sanchez, Eustaquio.
Photographers.

Letona hermanos.
JRetail general merchants.

Bonilla, Martina.

Castro, Pascual.

Hernandez, Ester.

Hernandez, C6fora.

Lacayo, Justo.

Lacayo, Rosa.

Mayorga, Dolores.

Parra, Gertrudis.
Silversmith.

Eemdndez, Daniel.
Wholesale import and export merchant.

Hernandez, Joaquin.

SONSONATE.

Boots and shoes.

Alpinez, Eusebio.

BeltrAn, Manuel.

Choto, Daniel.

Montes, MarcelLno.
Druggists.

Garcia, Francisco A.

Lievano, Ciriaco.

Rivera, Abraham.
Engravers.

Castaneda, Mariano.

Castaneda, Jos6 Maria.
Oroeers.

Calder(5n, Maria.

Cea, Carlos.

Cea, Petrona.
Printing offlce.

VelAsquez, Jos6 Maria.
Retail general merchants.

Calder6n, Maria.

Mencia, Victoriano.

Rodriguez, Jacoba.

Vega, Ambrosio de la.
Wholesale import and export merchants,

Agacio, Antonio B.

Ahuja & hermanos.

Casin, M.

Cea, Francisco Orantes.

Claude, A.

Dardano, Guillermo.

Demorro, Rafael.

Montis, Rafael.

Ramagoza 6 hijo.

Ruiz & Co., J. & M<

Rivero hermanos.

Rodriguez, Isidoro.

Sosa, Martin F.

Soria, Juan.

Spies & Miiller.

Vega, Ambrosio de la.

VHanova, V.

SUCHITOTO.

Boots dnd shoes.

BoniUo, Bartolo.

Durdn, Le6n.

PadUla, RafaeL

Umafia, Ramdn.
Druggist.

Martel, J036 Maria Pefia.

SALVADOR.

165

STICHITOTO — Continued.

Grocers.

Aguirre, Dolores P.de.

Martel, Ger6nima A. de.

Pefia, JuaiiaM.de.
Hatters.

Pefia, Ignacio.

Rivera, Ruperto.
Photographer.

Sol6rzano, Guillenna
Hetail general merchanU.

Aranjo, Gerardo.

Arrazola, Mercedes V. de.

Prieto, Carlos.

Vaquero, NicolAs.
Silversmith.

Ramos, Nemesio.
Wholesale import and export merehantt.

Aguilar, Francisco.

Vaquero, NicolAs.

TECOFA.

General merchant.
Bautista, Clara.

TEOTEFEQTTE.

General merchant.

Cienfaegos, Ceferino.
Wholesale import and export mereJianti.

Corleto, Jos6 Antonio.

TONACOTEFEQTJE.

Boots and shoes.

MArmol, Dolores.

Bennett, Francisco.
Grain merchant.

Cort6z, Joaquin.
Grocers.

Calder6n, Santos.

Estrada, Refugio de.
Itamufacturers of drwms.

Gonzalez e 14joB, MaimoL

USTJLUTAir.

Boot* and shoes.

Avalos, Alejandro.

Sanches, Pio.
Druggist.

G6mez, Felipe.

Entail general merehantB.
Angulo, Rita de.
Aparicio, Josefa.
Chavez, J. de.
Civallero, Luis.
Goto, Ramona.
Flores y hermanos, Anita.
Ochoa & Co., Rosa.
Penado, Guadalupe.
Resales, Marcelina de.

Silversmith.

Funes, Venancio.
Wholesale import and export merehemt,

Mungula, Ricardo.

ZACATECOLUCA.

Boots and shoes.

Zaldafia, Rodolfo.

Druggists.

CarrlUo, ManueL

Carrillo, Rafael.

Rodriguez, J.

Rodriguez, Adrian.
Retail general merchants.

Molino, Francisco.

Mollno, Mariana A.

Rodriguez, J.

Rodriguez, Adrian.

vniacorta, Serafina.
Silversmiths.

Mena, Ger6ninio.

Villagrd,n, Mariano.

ZABA60ZA.

Wholesale import and export merchant
P4res, Alonzo.

NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN SALVADOR.

Chalatenango. — El Figaro.

Chalchuapa. — El Patriota.

S>an Miguel. — La Aspiracion and La Revista Universitaria.

S>an Salvador. — Diario Oficial, El Boletin Oficial, El Correo
Militar, El Correo Nacional, El Gymnasio, El Heraldo, El
Municipio Salvadoreno, El Pueblo, La Discusion, La Federa-
cion, La Juventud and La Linterna.

Santa Ana. — El Boletin Municipal, La Idea, and La Palanca.

T'ucuapa. — El Agricultor.

Usulutan. — El Triunfo.

166

INDEX.

Page.

Acajutla, battle of i

Agriculture and forestry 38

Agricultural products 15,16, 21-26

Ahuachapdn :

Department of je

Cities of ig

Alvarado, Pedro de i

Barrios, President 2

Banking 64, 68

Balsam ^j

Cabanas, Department of, cities and towns jq

Capital cities, list of „

Cattle . . -

Chalatenango, Department of, cities and towns ■ jy

Charitable institutions , oq ^2

Climate and seasons n^

Coffee 28

Commerce e j

Commercial treaties with United States 114-116

Commercial directory 156-165

Constitution of the Republic 75-QQ

Consuls, United States, list of 5^

Cuscatl^n, Department of, cities and towns 18

Departments, list of n

Education ,0

Exports and imports gj

Export duties 153-155

Ezeta, Gen. Carlos o <

167

'l68 INDEX.

Fillisole, Gen 2

Foreigners, law relating to 100-107

Forestry 45

Geographical sketch 5

Government, form of 28

Historical outline i

Hot springs 20, 23, 24

Imports and exports 51

Import duties , 117-152

India rubber 44

Indigo 39

Lakes 7

La Libertad, Department of, cities and towns 12

La Paz, Department of, cities and towns 21

La Union, Department of; cities and towns 8, 26

Minerals and mining 47

Mining code 49

Menendez, Gen 3

Money 64

Morazan, Gen. Francisco 2

Morazan, Department of, cities and towns ' 25

N.
Newspaper directory . .' , 166

Parcels post convention with United States 10S-113

Political divisions and population 9

Postal service 70, 74

Public debt 68

Rivers 6, 7

Religion 30, 33

Revenue 64, 68

INDEX. 169

Page.

San Miguel, Department of, cities and towns 23

Santa Ana, Department of, cities and towns 16

San Salvador, Department of, cities and towns 10

San Vincente, Department of, cities and towns 20

Seaports °

Sonsonate, Department of, cities and towns 14

Sugar • ' 42

Telegraphs 73

Tobacco ; • 43

Transportation 7°

Usulutan, Department of, cities and towns. 22

Y'olcanoes 6, 7, 13, 20, 24

Weights and measures •. 63

Wharf charges * • 71

Zaldinar, President 3

■ o

Library of Congress
Branch Bindery, 1901

ii''

irx

1 iRR&RY OF CONGRESS

^^■'^* iiliiiiiiiii

iii 0 015 8389344

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