The works of Orestes A. Brownson

Google

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world’s books discoverable online.

Ithas survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover.

Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.

Usage guidelines

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.

We also ask that you:

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.

+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.

+ Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal, Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.

About Google Book Search

Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
atfhttp: //books . google. com/|

THE WORKS OF

ORESTES A. BROWNSON,

COLLECTED AND ARRANGED

HENRY F. BROWNSON.

VOLUME XI.

CONTAINING THE SECOND PART OF THE WRITINGS ON CHRISTIANITY AKD
‘HEATHENISM IN POLITICS AND IN SOCIETY,

DETROIT:
THORNDIKE NOURSE, PUBLISHER.
1884,

6074°>7

CONTENTS.

Tomrcmat axn Spmrtat 2.

Tax Srmartal wor por rae Trromal

Tax Sema. Osres Scorer
“Yor @o Too Farm 2 wk

Heh Eeaw it

EDITOR'S PREFACE. vii

to the republican government of his country, Dr. Brownson was natu-
rally a liberal in politics, and it was no easy matter in the atmosphere
of New York, the Paris of the New World, to be a liberal in politics
and not also a liberal in religion. But in the leisure that followed the
suspension of his Reoiow in 1864, he resumed the old Boston tone and
wrote, in June, 1878: “ Whatever else I may be, I am not a liberal Cath-
olic, but heartily accept the Syllabus and the decrees of the Vatican.

“Tam content with the church as she is. I came to the church in
1844 in order to be liberated from my bondage to Satan, and to save my
soul. It was not so much my intellectual wants as the need of moral
helps, of the spiritual assistance of supernatural grace, in recovering
moral purity and integrity of life, that led me to her door to beg admis-
sion into her communion. I came not to reform her, but that she might
reform me. If I have even for a moment seemed to forget this, it has
been unconsciously, and I ask pardon of God and man,”

4 TEMPORAL 4KD @PIRITUAL.

whow we luve » profuund reverence, is at present a favorite
nwthod of defending the power exercised over sovereigns
by popes aud conus in the middle ages,—a power alwa
adivuy wy tyruits und demagogues, and which it is gravely
pre is nu longer held or claimed by the successors of
ot. Peter.

Of cure we are fur from denying the fact of the consent
and enecebone alleged, or that the claim of the power in
question wun in wecordance with the public law and generally
tezived wuxinw of the age; por do we deny that this fact
fully justifice, on the principles of modern politics, the use
which was mude of it by popes and councils; yet we confess
Hit the complete und absolute justification of that power
susiis ty is to demand the assumption of a higher ground,
wud wv diffurant line of argument.

i to M, Cosiglin, aa cited by M, Artaud in his
Lif of At. Qreyory VIL, “the power exercised over sover-
signe hy popes and councils inthe middle ages was not a
crinina) ustirpation of the rights of sovereigns by the
wouleaiuationl authority,” because “the popes and councils
Wha eavrainwdt this power only followed and applied the
Wain (hon very generally received, not only by the le,
Wat by tien the most enlightened and virtuous” The fact.
luowe allased it undeniable, but when we adduce it in de-
fons of the exoreiie of that power, do we not defend the
ohurol aaa lman rather than aaa divine institution! This

ag AE Wey
as he
ANAL ve

sadiniad te i
§ Popes and coun
yeupenis were accent
je ET eA sts
Ty. and sousequencly sovens
tig US DY Wut Law uly, DES.

fe ow a
SAEED as ESS
eegin Wee

14 TEMPORAL AND SPIRITUAL.

their own, belongs also to our Lord Jesus Christ, not only |
as he is the Son of God, but also as he is the Son of Man.
“ All things,” he says, “ are delivered to me by my Father.”
(St. Luke x. 22.) “All power is given to me in heaven and
in earth.” (St. Matt. xxviii. 18.) “Here his universal domin-
ion is unequivocally asserted, and asserted of him as Son of
Man, because it is said to be delivered and given to him,
which could not be said of him as Son of God, for as Son
of God he is God, and always possessed it. That he pos-
seses this dominion as Son of Man was well argued in 1329
by Roger, archbishop-elect of Sens, before Philippe de Va-
lois in behalf of the French bishops and clergy. against
Pierre, lord of Cngniéres, who had spoken in the name
of the French nobility in defence of the doctrine we are
oppesing,

+ For.” be says, addressing the king, ‘Jesus Christ bad both powers
{temporal and spuritusl]. not only acconding to his divine natare, bat
als acconiing to bis human nature. He is a priest after the order of
Melchisalech, and bath written upon his garment. and oa his thigh,
Kise oF gtxes asp Lomp oF torte (Rev. xix. 16) By bis igh
and girment is understood bis humanity united to his divinity, as a
garment to him who is cloitbal therewith He sars of himeelf * All
power is given to me in heaven and in earth.” The Epistle to the He
Qwews says that God. his Father, hath ‘cunstituted him beir of all things.”
and the apostle applies to him the wonds of the eichth Psalm: - Thou
‘as made him a little less than the angels; thou hast crownal him with
Slory and hoor: and bast eet him over all the works of thy bands
Thou bast putall things in subjecting under his feet: all sheep and oxen.
amd Deasts of the BekL” Now in subjecting all things to him. the
agretle conchater * Gout bas left nothing mee subjected to him" (Heb.

1 3: TOM) Renee it is evntent that, in that same nstore in which
Christ is inferior to the angels be Ras donenion ower all things The
fame Concluwe follows frat thik shee text (PRT it S10: + He hum
ed Rimatf, Newuniag obadbert unto death, even the death of the ems,
Wherefore Gad Bath evalhad Rim and cives Bim a nace which & above
every amg, ERAT Ea the mame of Jesus even
ahat arc is Dewren, an abe OM
A Gat evant 2
oma New SQ Peter aswerts toe
SN says TE Ged bas

16 TEMPORAL AND SPIRITUAL.

and judges of his law, even in the temporal order. He only

‘ivea them authority to execute it when declared to them.

Fasidee, to keep, teach, and declare the law of Christ,

whether in spirituals or temporals, is manifestly 8 spiritual
intl

function, and temporal sovereigns, it is conf e very
doctrine we oppose, have fo spiritual functions.
Here wo must be permitted to avail ourselves again of the

reasoning of Roger, archbishop-elect of Sens, in reply to
Pierre de Cugniéres. After having, in the passage already
quoted, established the dominion of our Lord according to
his human nature, over both orders, temporal and spiritual,
Roger proceeds :

“St. Peter, whom our Lord constituted his vicar, had the same power.
Necondemns judicially Ananias and Saphira for the crimes of larceny
and lying. Paul also pronounces sentence against the convicted fornica-
tor, That Christ has willed to give this judgment to the church, is man-
ifest from his wonds (St. Matt. xviii, 15-18); ‘If thy brother sin against
thee, gv and rebuke him between thee and him alone. If be hear thee
thon shalt gain thy brother, But if he will not bear thee, take with thee
one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word
may Nand. And if he will not hear them, tell it to the church. And if
he will not hear the church, let him be to thee as the heathen and the
publican Amen, Tsay to you, Whateoever ye shall bind upon earth
shall ty bound in heaven, and whatsoever ye shall loose upon earth shall
dw lowed in heaven.” Rehokt how expressly be wills that, wherever
rhore ix sin af one against another, if the detinguent corrects not himself,
ihe matter shall be refernad te the judemeat of the church, 90 that the
offender. if he wil Rot hear her, may be exoommunicated And the
reason he gives ix that “whataever ye hind or hase upon earth shall be
ad or herd Ge heaven) Waser, a, without excepting any

ShY More than the ayeile doc. when be saps att ie subjected to
lp fram St Luke xii, 88. ched by bis hondship

Ne in RS

Sant! Certsiniy in that of Peter
Mahone thet ik Of the church Do
you ay hae Ob the tempoeal sword?
Ths, RK radenc

ra Din te awnrr

de
coved ele dr OS A nie BS Dat Car ei 18, whe
ardor tha whacwee has a Wwiic shank Doing Hic he Judged before the

TEMPORAL ASD SPIETITAL

dex. seiition. treason. for these pertain to the temporal order,
aud the chureh has no jurisdiction in temperals Does not
the isw of Chris extend to all these maners! Are ther
mig a0 fortadden by the awof God! Are they not al] mat-
ters whieh wench oomacience! How. then. withdraw them
af the church. and say that she has no
If the chnreh ean take cognizance
Seca jolee beets te Ge meagan coe she
eax sinc take oornizance of the sins of pubibe persons of
cigs and magistrates in the seme ander. Ii she may ah
eivate persons to her for the sins of forn’
canon avd adaiters. why pat aovereiens! [Ds thes: sins
conse To be snes when committed by kines and kaisers! If
she can impose on private persons the law of having only

Se. can she moa do the same for sovereiens and inde
as well as the private person who vicdates it!
EE she eax *b. ¢ sedition and treason in the subject.
Tyrazry and oppreasioe im the prince!

we the part of shea! “Ts it for the

> the sobsact to the prinda, and net the prince
Saez Were that = Was Eng ever pre
rasta agains the it: ch’s condemning sedan and mess on $
Sgit does the church eonde=n thew. and not the
petnee who fxtis in bis duties as prince! Theadasics the
Great war a pions and Swhados epee, dat be was Hable
wo Ete of amper. in which be eomoitted acts af infasice
eae ot fea Se De Sees? Sa eran ateare o

164 THE TEMPORAL POWER OF THE POPE.

estimate in which a worldly-minded community may hold

them, they are the main hope of our country. They have

their faults, their vices even, but they are a Christian peo-

ple, and feel that man’s first duty is to God, and his dearest
ope is hope of heaven.